T 876 Al 1915b C. BERKELEY LIBRA; , 31 \ - PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION SAN FRANCISCO 1915 The WaihUreen Co. A Cordial Welcome Awaits You at the Vvestinghouse Electric Exhibits The Palace of Transportation The Palace of Machinery The Mine Palace of Mines and Metallurgy BEDS Westinghouse Electric products are to be found throughout the Exposition Grounds in the Exhibit Palaces, Nation Buildings, State Buildings, and the "Zone." Westinghouse Electric achievements have made large Expositions possible. Its devices generate electric energy; transmit this energy long distances to you; haul trains; operate the street cars in which you ride; light your city; convey minerals from vein to surface; drive ma chinery in every kind of factory; bring assistance and comfort to your home; start and light your motor car; drive your electric pleasure vehicle and do a multitude of other things. Such devices can be seen in these exhibits. See them, and when you buy Specify Westinghouse Electric Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co. East Pittsburg, Pa. U. S. A. w Sales Offices in 45 American Cities SEE OUR EXHIBIT IN THE MINES BUILDING A MINIATURE WHITE LEAD FACTORY IN OPERATION THE GRAND PRIZE TWO GOLD MEDALS OF HONOR ONE GOLD MEDAL ARE THE AWARDS OF THE PANAMA-PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION TO W. P. Fuller & Co Manufacturers of Paints - Colors - Varnishes and Pioneer White Lead OY INVITATION MCMBCR or MAGNETOS SPARK PLUGS VISIT OUR EXHIBIT IN THE TRANSPORTATION BUILDING BLOCK 13-A Splitdorf Electrical Co, NEWARK, N. J. THE APPLE ELECTRIC CO. NEWARK, N. J. STARTING AND LIGHTING APPARATUS STORAGE BATTERIES AMMETERS TIMERS Our Entire Line is shown in the Transportation Building, Block 1 3- A Remington Typewriter Company Awards at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition (Confirmed by Superior Jury) Outrank and Outnumber All Others in Its Line GRAND PRIZE FOR "EXCELLENCE OF ITS PRODUCT." GOLD MEDAL OF HONOR FOR ITS "EDUCATIONAL VALUE." GOLD MEDAL-FOR "FLEXIBILITY AND WIDE RANGE OF ITS COMBINED TYPEWRITING AND ADDING MA CHINE." (Wahl Mechanism.) GOLD MEDAL FOR QUALITY AND VARIETY" OF "REMTICO" TYPEWRITER RIBBONS AND CARBON PA PERS. The Highest Possible Award in Every Department of Our Business REMINGTON TYPEWRITER CO. [Inc.] New York and Everywhere San Francisco in 1915 A City of Remarkable Development San Francisco within the last ten years has been erected anew Its buildings, its skyscrapers, are the products of splendid resourcefulness and energy And in this- development no small part has been played by OTIS ELEVATORS The extent of the vertical expansion of any city rests with the degree to which elevators are made practical and safe. Otis Elevators are what they are and where they are only because of anticipating and meeting every modern requirement in elevator service The absorbing chapters of the elevator s development, the devices by which modern elevators are made safe, the methods of their construction, operation, and application to our tallest buildings, are picturesquely revealed in the Palace of Machinery just to the right of the west main entrance. Be sure to visit the elevator exhibit Otis Elevator Company Offices in all Principal Cities of the World See the Exhibit of H A T> A " American /^il I A.D.A. A^clSn Cheques m the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy, near the main West entrance. It is unique and interest ing. Ask the Officers in charge to explain the advantages of "A.B.A." Cheques, the safest, han diest "travel money/ Illilji The HOTEL MCALPIN Herald Square NEW YORK HpHE perfect hotel; chosen by :* general preference not only for its accessibility and superior service, but quite as much for its distinct atmosphere of sociability Headquarters for the PANAMA-PACIFIC EXPOSITION ORGANIZATION in New York City Tariff $2.00 and up wards for single rooms, to $5.0C and upwards fir luxurious suites MANAGEMENT OF MERRY & BOOMER Ifi SEE Ceresit First In our exhibit in Machinery Hall at San Francisco you will find the waterproofing problem presented in an artistic, interest ing and forceful manner. At International Exhibitions CERESIT has been awarded 3 Grand Prizes, 1 State Prize and 6 Gold Medals. This testifies to the efficiency of CERESIT Compound as a waterproofer for basements, reservoirs, cisterns, cement coat houses, or any con struction where dampness is to be overcome. You will find displayed the merits of CERESIT Damp-proof Coating, Damp-proof Plaster Bond, Damp-proof Stone Back ing, Concrete Floor Hardener, and WEATHER-WEAR Storm proof Roof Coat. Write for our literature. Ceresit Waterproofing Co. General Offices: 900 Westminster Bldg., Chicago 101 Park Ave., New York Made In U. S. A. WOODROW WILSON RESIDENT THE UNITED STATES COLGEOWGOETHALS CC.MOOR VISITATION T^namaT^ciflc InternalionaHxposilio |it IN CELEBRATION OJ 7 THE OPENING COPYRIGHTED, 1914 CAPT. J. RUPERT FOSTER, CONCESSIONAIRE, MARYSVILLE, CAL. Perpetuate your visit to the Ex position by the purchase of a certificate of visitation. Prices 25 cents, 50 cents and $1.00 Head Office, Plaza on the Zone, next to Gunst Cigar Store. Booths, Palace of Manufactures. Palace of Education. Or order by mail Jrom Capt. J. Rupert Fos ter, Marysville, Cal., Concessionaire iiiiimmiimnniBlfl T: SERVICE: SCENERY: MEANS Through Standard and Tourist Sleepers Observation Cars- Dining Cars Electric Lights- Steam Heat- Day Coaches Thru Daily Service to Denver, Omaha, Kansas City, St. Louis and Chicago, in connection with Burlington Missouri Pacific -Rock Island Marvelous Scenic Attractions of Sierra and Rocky Mountains seen from Car Window Without Extra Expense for Side Trips Tfie Distinctive San Francisco Line FOR f ULL INFORMATION APPLY TO ANY WESTERN PACIFIC AGENT OR f. A. WADLEIGH Passenger Traffic Manager, Denver, Colo. E. L LOMAX Assistant Passenger Traffic Manager, San Francisco, Cal. iiiimmrl SEPTEMBER EDITION Official Guide of the Panama- Pacific International Exposition 1915 San Francisco, California, U. S. A. Opening Day February 20, 1915 Closing: Day, December 4, 1915 Containing a complete index to all features of the Exposition, maps, locations of all buildings and Exposition structures as well as A complete guide to the Exposition sculpture, mural paint ings, architecture and inscriptions and brief descriptions of the exhibit .palaces, state, t-eiritorial and foreign . buildings, from official data supplied by the- several Exposition Illustrated with photographs of the distinctive structures, statuary and best views about the grounds Copyright 1915 by The Wahlereen Company Issued by Authority of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition The Wahlgreen Company Official Publishers San Francisco 12 Introductory. The principal function of the Official Guide being to direct rather than to describe, the aim has been to indicate the principal objects of interest without comment; in other words, to tell what there is to be seen and where to find it. The arrangement of the Guide follows, in general, the natural divisions of the Exposition. The visitor is first confronted with the general Exposition spectacle. Therefore, each of the features that contribute to the spectacle architecture, sculpture, color scheme, mural paintings, gardens, illumination, etc. have been treated first, separately and in brief, under "General Description of the Exposition." These subjects are also treated in relation to the several "Palaces and Courts." under that heading. - The palaces and courts are presented in a definite order as though the visitor were being conducted personally about the grounds. The indexed map under the front cover will give the location of any building on the grounds. A complete index will be found at the end of the Guide. The illustrations are from photographs fur nished by the Cardinell-Vincent Co., official photographers, studio located at the Fillmore Street entrance to. the. Zone. m r 13 HOW TO REACH THE EXPOSITION GROUNDS All of the principal street car lines that do not run direct to the Exposition grounds give transfers to direct lines. There are two principal street car systems: the Municipal Railroad, owned and operated by the city, and the United Railroads. At the main points of intersection along Geary street, at Stockton and Ellis, and at Union and Hyde streets, transfers are exchanged between the cars of the two systems. Direct lines to the Exposition grounds run from the Union Ferry Depot at the foot of Market street, and from the section of the city south of Market street west on Polk street and Fillmore street. From the Ferry Depot boats connect with the Key Route, Southern Pacific and all other railroads on the other side of the bay. A regular schedule is maintained by the ferry boats of the Key Route System between the Exposition Ferry slips and the Key Route pier, on the east side of the bay, where trains communicate with Oakland, Berkeley and other points in Alameda county ENTRANCES TO THE GROUNDS There are eight entrances to the Exposition grounds, as follows: Ferry Station, north east of Palace of Machinery, reached by ferry boats of the Key Route system. Laguna Street Entrance, north side of grounds, reached by cars of the Municipal Railroad. This entrance leads to the western portion of the Zone (street of amusements.) Van Ness Avenue, at eastern end of the grounds, reached by United Railroads and Municipal Railroads. This entrance gives onto the east ern end of the Zone. Fillmore Street Entrance, south side of the grounds, reached by United Railroads and Municipal Railroad. This entrance gives onto the Avenue of Progress which lies between the Palace of Machinery and the main group of Exposition palaces. Just within this entrance on the west is the Service Building, and on the east the entrance to the Zone. Scott Street, the main entrance to the grounds, reached by Municipal Railroad. This entrance gives access to the central portion of the Exposition, and is the starting point for the circuit of the main features of the Exposition as presented in this Guide. See "Palaces and Courts." Baker Street, south side of grounds, reached by Union Street cars of the Municipal Railroad. This entrance gives onto Administration Avenue, which runs between the main group of palaces and the Palace of Fine Arts, and terminates at the California building, where the administrative offices of the Exposition, the quarters of the Woman s Board, and the displays of the California Counties are to be found. Just within this entrance, on the left, is the Inside Inn. On the right are the Horticulture Gardens and the Palace of Horticulture. Lyon Street, south side of grounds, for the use of automobiles and other vehicles only. Presidio Entrance, from the Presidio, south side of the grounds, reached by the Union Street car line of the Municipal Road. This entrance leads from the United States Military Reservation directly to the foreign section of the grounds. It is also the most convenient to the State Buildings, the Live Stock section, the Race Track, the Polo Field and the Athletic Field at the Western end of the grounds. Post Road Entrance, from the Presidio. Service entrance for vehicles only. BRIEF DIRECTIONS The visitor will be guided by remembering that the Tower of Jewels is about the center of the Exposition and is immediately op posite the Scott street entrance the main gate. North is the water side of the Exposition. The Zone is to the east of the Exhibit Palaces, while the State and Foreign buildings, the Live Stock section, the Race Track and Athletic Fields are to the west. A General Information Bureau will be found in the Press Building, the first structure to the right of the Scott street entrance. The Eight Exhibit Palaces, Education, Liberal Arts, Manufactures, Varied Industries, Mines and Metallurgy, Transportation, Agriculture and Food Products, form the main group of the "walled city," with the Tower of Jewels in the center. Machinery Palace is on the east of this group. The Fine Arts Palace is at the west. The Palace of Horticul ture is at the left hand as you enter the Scott street entrance. Festival Hall is at the right. The Courts which connect the main group of exhibit palaces are: at the east "Court of Abundance," surrounding which are Palaces of Varied Industries, Manufacturers, Transportation, and Mines. South of this is a smaller court, "The Court of Flowers." The central link in the chain of courts is the "Court of the Universe." "The Court of the Four Seasons," on the west, completes the chain. Surrounding it are Palaces of Agriculture, Food Products, Education, and Liberal Arts. The smaller court south is the "Court of Palms." The South Gardens fill the area between the Scott street entrance, the Avenue of Palms, the Palace of Horticulture and Festival Hall. The Marina lies north of the main group of exhibit palaces, the Es planade forming its south boundary, with the Yacht Harbor and the California Building on the west, the Ferry slips on the east; San Francisco Bay forming its northern line. The Yacht Harbor, at the western end of the Marina, has on its outer breakwater a" reproduction of Morro Castle, from which the searchlights are played. A Lost and Found Department is located in the Office of the Guards, in the small building, west of the Service Building. Lost Children will be taken to the lost and found department in the Service Building. The Stadium is in the center of the Live Stuck area. The Band Concourse is at the west end of the Avenue of Palms, adjoining the Inside Inn and close to the Baker Street entrance. Location of Offices. The President, Secretary, Treasurer, Director in Chief, Board of Directors, and general administration offices are lo cated in the administration wing of the California Building. The Director of Exhibits, Director of Works, Director of Conces sions and Admissions, Chief of Special Events, Comptroller, and Commandant of the Guards are located in the Service Building. The Director of the Division of Exploitation is located in the Press Building. The offices of the chiefs of the various exhibit departments are lo cated in their respective buildings. (For exact locations of buildings, etc., see indexed map under cover.) 15 16 General Description of the Exposition. ORIGIN AND HISTORY The Panama-Pacific International Exposition originated in a sug gestion by R. B. Hale, now Vice-President of the Exposition Company, as far back as January }2, 1904, in a letter from Mr. Hale to his fellow members of the directorate of the Merchants Association. The first Exposition Bill in San Francisco s behalf was introduced at Washington early in 1906 and was notice that San Francisco claimed the next international exposition. In November, 1909, 2,500 representatives of the membership of the commercial organizations of the city were interrogated by mail as to whether they wanted an exposition, and as the return vote was almost unanimously in favor, a mass meeting was called for on the floor of the Merchants Ex change on December 7, 1909. This was one of the several meetings that resulted in the formation, on March 22, 1910, of the Panama- Pacific International Exposition Company. A mass meeting, at which $4,098,000 was subscribed by popular subscription, was held on the floor of the Merchants Exchange April 28, 1910. On February 15, 1911, President William H. Taft signed the bill, recognizing San Francisco as the city to hold the official Exposition in Celebration of the Building and Completion of the Panama Canal, San Francisco having won the endorsement of Congress after a spirited contest for that honor with New Orleans. The Exposition site was selected in July, 1911. President Taft broke ground for the Exposition October 14, 1911. The first contract let for an exhibit palace was for the Palace of Machinery, January 7, 1913, and the building was com pleted on March 10, 1914. The Exposition established a record in the history of world expositions by being structurally complete three months beforehand, and completely ready on the opening day. PREPARATION OF GROUNDS At the beginning of 1912 much of the site was low and some of it under water. The first work necessary was to fill these low places, which was done by dredging sand from the bay. The amount and cost of this fill was approximately as follows: Harbor View basin, 1,300,000 cubic yards, cost $220,000 Presidio lands, 400,000 cubic yards, cost 81,000 $301,000 The dredging was completed about the end of 1912. In October, 1912, grading by teams for streets, courts, etc., was start ed. The total cost was approximately $200,000. A $50,000,000 INVESTMENT Beginning with a nucleus of $4,000,000, subscribed by citizens of San Francisco in two hours at a mass meeting at the Merchants Exchange, the Exposition rapidly grew until it stands today as a $50,- 000,000 enterprise. To this initial subscription the citizens of San Fran cisco at a later meeting contributed $3.500,000 additional, making a total by popular subscription of $7,500,000. Other sums, making up the grand total of $50,000,000, are: State of California, $5,000,000 by bond ksue, City of San Francisco by bond issue, $5,000,000; expended by states and territories in buildings and displays, exclusive of Cali- 17 i\ fornia, $8,000,000; counties of California, $3,000,000; invested in con cessions, $10,000,000, expenditures by foreign governments, $5,000,000, and expenditure by individual exhibitors, $6,500,000. SCOPE The Panama-Pacific International Exposition at San Francisco is the world s celebration of the opening of the Panama Canal. It is the third Exposition of its class held in the United States, and the twelfth in the history of Expositions. It is essentially contempo raneous, no exhibit being eligible for award unless produced since the St. Louis Exposition ten years ago, or unless it is a product that has not been impro ved upon within that period. The Panama-Pacific Inter national Exposition therefore represents a decade in the material prog ress of civilization. In order to receive rating as a universal Exposi tion, it must make a comprehensive showing of the achievements of all civilized nations in all lines of human endeavor. The Exposition does this. It is an epitome of civilization. The long step forward taken by the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, over all expo sitions that have preceded it, is largely a reflection of the advance made by the world in the arts, sciences and industries since the last Exposition was held. EXHIBITS. The exhibits and their installation represent an expenditure of more than $10,000,000. In the eleven exhibit palaces are some 70,000 sepa rate exhibits. More than fifty miles of exhibit aisles divide the inte rior of the palaces. The units of representation include nations of the world, States of the United States. Municipalities, the fifty-eight Counties of California and individual exhibitors. Displays are placed in many of the Na tional and State Pavilions, as well as in the Exhibit Palaces. Under the head of "Palaces and Courts" in this guide will be found an outline of the scope of the exhibits within each palace. With the descriptions of the several State and Foreign Buildings the distribu tion of the exhibits of each State and Nation is indicated. Locations of exhibits may be ascertained by consulting the complete list of exhibits in all palaces printed in the Official Catalogue of Exhibits, for sale on the grounds. LOCATION The Exposition covers two and one-half miles along the southern shore of San Francisco Bay, just inside the famous Golden Gale. On each flank are eminences crowned with the Government fortifica tions of Fort Mason, to the east, and the Presidio battlements to the west. Across the bay are the hills of Marin County and majestic Mt. Tamalpais. In back of the Exposition and framing it in a natural amphitheater are the heights of San Francisco. The Exposition is within a twenty-minute ride from the heart of the downtown district and transportation facilities are ample for any pressure of attendance by many routes of superior accessibility. LAYOUT OF GROUNDS There are three main divisions of the Exposition: the central, con taining the exhibit palaces and the courts; the western, containing the state and foreign buildings and live stock section, race track, aviation and athletic fields; the eastern containing the amusement structures of the Zone, on either side of a 3,000 foot boulevard. 18 The 635 acres covered by the site are divided as follows: Exhibit Palaces 220 acres State and Foreign Sites 110 acres Live Stock Section 30 acres Aviation Field and Race Track 40 acres Concessions 70 acres R. R. Terminals, docks, ferry slips, service yards, etc 165 acres ARCHITECTURE Considered by the standards established in the building of previous expositions, the general architectural scheme of the structures at San Francisco, is revolutionary. Here there is harmony of effect attained without the monotony that comes with rigorous uniformity. The idea of a complete, definite plan to which each building is contributory as a unit has, at this Exposition, supplanted the more familiar method of grouping together a great number of individual structures and the dominant influence in determining this architectural treatment was the unique and magnificent site on which the completed structures now stand. Bordering on the broad expanse of San Francisco Bay, the site and atmospheric color both strongly suggest the Mediterranean, and in this setting the scheme that seemed most appropriate to the architectural commission and capable of a high expression of beauty was that of a city of the Far East, its great groups of buildings "walled in" and sheltering its many courts. Aside from the possi bility of great architectural beauty that such a scheme presents, its adoption was further recommended by its value as a practical working plan minimizing the difficulties of handling crowds, as well as enabling the visitor to get over the grounds with the least effort, demonstrating that the practical may also be beautiful, and that neither quality need be weakened by the presence of the other. Planning and executing the architecture of the Exposition, the builders have wrought in a complete harmony, trying insofar as it \ might be possible to, make of painting, sculpture, landscape and archi- \ tecture, a composite mind, which should always feel the absolute need of each of its parts, and realize that no one of them could stand alone. As is fitting in an Exposition which is a meeting place of the na tions, expression has been given to many of the great types of architecture, both of the old world and the new. Thus the Court of the Universe, the Palace of Fine Arts, Machinery Hall, the Court of Four Seasons, all may be said to spring from the same Roman or Greek models, yet nothing could be more distinct in detail, charac ter and effect than are these different spots. So, too, both Fes tival Hall and the Palace of Horticulture, are designed in the feeling of the French Renaissance and are at the same time as unlike as one can imagine. The Court of Abundance, which has a suggestion of the Spanish and the Gothic has been given by its designer an atmosphere quite its own, while the Courts of Palms and Flowers show strongly the influence of different periods of the Italian Renaissance, although an effort has been made to let it be merely an influence and not a complete dominance. In the Tower of Jewels, the most commanding feature of the plan, an almost entirely new note has been struck. While all the detail may be quite familiar to us, its massing and composition are such that we feel at once a real freedom of thought. 19 \ Lastly, the California Building, perhaps the most interesting from this standpoint, is a collection of motives taken literally from the different missions of California, yet so combined and developed as to form a structure which would certainly seem unfamiliar to the old Mission builders. The north and south facades of the Palaces composing the outer wall (of the "Walled City") are in general a liberal treatment of the "Plateresque" period of Spanish architecture, so called because of its resemblance to the work of the "plateros" or silversmiths, of the 16th century. THE ARCHITECTS The men who contributed to the exposition include some of the best known architects in the United States. The block plan, for the laying out of the exposition, and the arrangement and design of the palaces were adopted by an Archi tectural Council of nine, into which was incorporated an original Architectural Commission of three, consisting of Willis Polk, W. B. Faville and Clarence R. Ward, all of San Francisco. During its deliberations the Architectural Council was assisted by E. H. Bennett, the eminent authority on city planning, who was engaged for the purpose by the Division of Works. The Architectural Council appointed George W. Kelham, of San Francisco, chief of architecture, and assigned to each of its members, and to certain other architects of note, a particular portion of the work. The architects, with the work for which they are responsible, are enumerated below: W. B. Faville, of San Francisco Exterior wall of the "main group" of palaces, with its entire architectural decoration. Clarence R. Ward, of San Francisco Palace of Machinery. George W. Kelham, of San Francisco Court of Palms and Court of Flowers. Carrere & Hastings, of New York Tower of Jewels. McKim, Mead & White, of New York Court ^f the Universe. Henry Bacon, of New York Court of the Four Seasons. Louis Christian Mullgardt, of San Francisco Court of Abundance. -Robert D. Farquhar, of Los Angeles Festival Hall. Bakewell & Brown, of San Francisco Palace of Horticulture. B. R. Maybeck, of San Francisco Palace of Fine Arts. MATERIALS The soft tone of the Exposition palaces and their substantial appearance is supplied by the use of a specially prepared material that simulates the travertine marble of which many of the structures of ancient Rome were built. The artificial travertine was perfected for the Exposition s use by Paul E. Denivelle. The material has never before been used extensively in this form, though a portion of the Pennsylvania Terminal in New York City is of a somewhat similar substance. The simulation of travertine is composed of fibre and a gypsum product mined in Nevada. The coloring, which is similar to old- ivory, is supplied by special formulae. The dull tone is easy on the eyes, even in the most glaring sunshine; a distinct departure from the vast white wall-spaces of previous expositions. All of the Exposition buildings with the exception of the frames of the Tower of Jewels, the Palace of Fine Arts and the Palace of 20 Horticulture dome are of wood, more than 70,000,000 feet of lumber having been used in their erection. The three structures enumerated are of steel. THE EXPOSITION SCULPTURE The sculpture is the real key to the spirit^ of this Exposition. It symbolizes the achievement and tells the story of the great triumph of the United States, and the devotion of those who toil, which has made possible the completion of the Panama Canal after more than fifty years of unavailing effort. Sculpture is the most important of arts to an Exposition. Archi tecture, without it would be cold and without appeal; color have no lovely shapes on which to rest. The work represents the last word in Exposition sculpture. It is remarkable for the evidence it gives of increasing development in the art as contrasted with the looser work of former expositions. Never before have sculptors anywhere, so completely played their most important roles in the ensemble setting that constitutes our Exposition visually. On arches and columns, in niches, fountains and free standing groups, they sing of many themes, always in harmony, but with no loss of character or individuality. The heart of the symbolic significance of the sculpture is centered in the motifs that have been treated in the central axis of the plan of the Exposition from south to north, from the main Scott street entrance, to the bay. The "Fountain of Energy" a joyous aquatic triumph, celebrating the completion of the Panama Canal first greets the visitor in the center of the South Gardens. Passing this, on each side of the great archway of the Tower of Jewels, are stationed the equestrian statues of "Pizarro" and "Cortez." Within the colonnades at each end are the mural fountains "Youth," by Edith Woodman Burroughs in the east, and "El Dorado," by Mrs. Harry Payne Whit ney, on the west. Arriving within the Court of the Universe, which is of any one place the best to obtain a general conception of the scope of the sculpture, we realize that here enclosed by the sweeping starcapped colonnade is the arena of universal themes; the titani^ Elements slumber on the terrace wall; the lighter themes of Musir and Dance decorate positions in front of the Triumphal arches o{ the Rising and Setting Sun, themselves richly loaded with delicate relief sculpture of great beauty, they form magnificent piles crowned by the distinguished groups of the "Nations of the East" and "Na tions of the West" here brought face to face. Before them in the Sunken Garden the handsome architectural fountains of the two suns play. At the north entrance, a colossal sentinel, stands the "Col umn of Progress," symbolizing progressive human effort, balanced at the end of the south vista by the "Fountain of Energy" joyously proclaiming the triumph of the monument the Achievement of the Canal. Sculpture, like music, embodies a mood. The fountains, of which there are nine, may be described in a word as follows: 1. Fountain of Energy: Joyous. 2. Fountain of Life: Dramatic. 3 and 4. Fountains of Rising and Setting Sun: Architectonic 5. Fountain of Youth: Naive. 6. Fountain of El Dorado: Realistic. 7. Fountain of Ceres: Classic. 8. Fountains of Four Seasons: Pastoral. 9. Fountain of Beauty and the Beast; Playful. 21 "The Setting Sun" Figure at top of Fountain of the Setting Sun in Court of the Universe The small models for the Exposition sculpture were executed mostly in New York. The enlargements to the size desired, were made in the sculpture studios on the grounds by means of a pointing device perfected by one of the sculptors, Robert Paine. Upwards of five hundred enlargements were made with this apparatus. 22 "The Rising Sun" Figure at top of Fountain of Rising Sun in Court of the Universe Forty-two sculptors in all have contributed to the Exposition. The list of artists with their work and the location of each is printed below. Description of the sculpture will be found under the heading "Palaces and Courts" in this Guide, where each work is treated in relation to its position. FOR COMPLETE INTERPRETATION OF THE SCULPTURE AND MURAL PAINTINGS SEE "OFFICIAL SCULPTURE BOOK," BY STELLA G. S. PERRY, FOR SALE ABOUT THE GROUNDS AND ELSEWHERE. 23 LIST OF SCULPTURES South Gardens: Fountain of Energy (center) ..................... ........ A . Stirli Calder The Mermaid (fountains in long pools) ..................... Arthur Putnam Equestrian Statue "Cortez" Equestrian Statue of "Pizarro" ................. . /...V .VCtortc Rumsey Horticultural Building: Frieze at Base of Spires ................................ Eurene Louis Boutier Pairs of Caryatides ............ , ............................... John Bateman Tower of Jewels: Statues of "Priest," "Soldier," "Philosopher" and "Adventurer". John Flanagan The Armored Horseman (Terrace of Tower) .................. F. M. L. Tonetti Tower of Colonnades: Fountain of Youth (east end) ............. . ........ Edith Woodman Burroughs Fountain of El Dorado (west end) .................. Mrs. Harry Payne Whitney Festival Hall: Figure crowning minor domes .................................. Sherry E. Fry Two groups in front of Pylons ................................. Sherry E! Fry Cartouche over entrance (figures only) ......................... Sherry E! Fry Reclining figures on Pylons ..................................... Sherry E. Fry Court of Palms: Equestrian statue, "The End of the Trail." at entrance ......... James Earl Fraser The Fairy (Italian Towers Palms and Flowers) ................... Carl Gruppe Caryatides ..................................... John Bateman and Mr Calder Spandrels ................................................ . . Albert Weinert Court of Flowers: Equestrian statue, "The Pioneer" ............................... Solon Borglum Lions (at entrances) .......................................... Albert Laesslie The Fairy (above Italian Towers) ................................ Carl Gruppe Central Fountain, "Beauty and the Beast" ....................... Edgar Walter Flower Girls (in niches) .................................. . .A. Stirling Calder Court of Abundance: Group on altar in main tower .................................. Chester Beach Group at base of altar ......................................... Chester Beach Group on top of cascade ...................................... Chester Beach Group at column base and finials (foot of cascades) ................. Leo lentelli Fountain of the Earth (central pool) .......................... Robert I. itken Figures on top of Arcade ...................................... Albert Weinert Aquatic Life (north extension) ................................. Sherry E. Fry Court of the Universe: Nations of the _East; Nations of the West ............................... ..... A. Stirling Calder, Leo Lentelli and Frederick G. R. Roth, collaborators Statues on columns (eastern and western arches) .................. Leo Lentelli Spandrels, Pegasus ....................................... Frederick G. R. Roth Medallion ...................................................... B. Bufano Medallion ................................................. A. Stirling Calder The Stars (colonnades) ..................................... A. Stirling Gilder Frieze on corner pavilions, "Signs of the Zodiac" ........... Herman A. MacNeil Two fountains, "Rising Sun" and "Setting Sun" ............ Adolph A. Weinman Four reclining figures, "The Elements" ....................... Robert I. Aitken Four groups ................................................. Paul Manship Plaza Front of Machinery Palace: Monument, "Genius of Creation" ................. ....... Daniel Chester French Court of Four Seasons: Four groups representing "The Seasons" ....................... Furio Piccirilli "The Harvest" (above the half dome) ........................... Albert Jaegers "Rain" and "Sunshine" (figures on columns) .................... Albert Jaegers Groups, "Feast of Sacrifice," on pylons in forecourt ............... Albert Jaegers Fountain, "Ceres" .................................. Evelyn Beatrice Longman Spandrels (arcade) ........................................... August Jaegers Attic figures ................................................. August Jaegers Varied Industries Palace: Tympanum group ............................................. Ralph Stackpole Secondary group, doorway .................................... Ralph Stackpole Figure for niches, doorway (man with the pick) ................ Ralph Stackpole Figure for keystone ......................................... Ralph Stackpole Figure for niches, east facade, this palace ...................... Albert Weinert 24 r West Wall of Palaces (Facing Fine Arts): Motifs for wall niches ("Triumph of the Field and Abundance") Charles R. Harley Figures on columns (flanking half dome) of "Philosophy" and of "Physical Vigor" Ralph Stackpole Palace of Fine Arts: Figures on column, interior of rotunda , . . . .Herbert Adams Figures in attic, rotunda Ulric H. Ellerhusen Frieze on altar * Bruno Louis Zimm Relief panels for rotunda Bruno Louis Zimm Friezes around base on ground Ulric H. Ellerhusen Figures on flower boxes Ulric H. Ellerhusen Kneeling figure on altar Ralph Stackpole North Facade, Main Group of Exhibit Palaces: Figure for central niches, "Conquistador" Allen Newman Figure for side niches, "The Pirate" Allen Newman Column of Progress: Bas relief (four sides of pedestal) Isidore Konti Finial group, "Adventurous Archer," frieze and decoration. .. .Herman A. MacNeil Palace of Machinery: Figures on columns (Four "Powers") Haig Patigian Eagles C. H. Humphries Friezes for columns, vestibule Haig Patigian Spandrels (two pair) Haig Patigian Repeated figure within Half Dome of Philosophy Albert Weinert Repeated figure within Half Dome of Physical Vigor Earl Cummings Friezes and figures in niches, main south entrance (portals, Manufactures and Liberal Arts Palaces) Mahonori Young Tympanum panels (west and south entrances Palace of Education) . Gustave Garlach Panels inlaid in walls over minor entrances Pupils of School of Sculpture of Society Beaux Arts, Architects and Na tional Sculpture Society. "Victory," figure on gables of palaces Louis Ulrick THE COLOR SCHEME The Panama-Pacific is the first Exposition at which a definite and comprehensive color scheme has been employed. It has been utilized, too, with such success as to be recognized as one of the principal distinguishing features of the Exposition. Jules Guerin, the famous illustrator and colorist, made the selection of colors to harmonize with the Exposition -setting on the shores of San Francisco Bay, and supervised their application to every detail of the Exposition, from the tops of the domes to the uniforms of the Exposition guards. The color ground of all building surfaces is that of the simulation of travertine marble of which they are composed. On this has been applied the series of colors for decorative effect in the following general manner: Pompeiian red predominates for flat walls. Cerulean blue has been used frequently on the ceilings of vaults and in recesses. A deep gold and a blue-green have been used for picking out various features of ornamentation. The domes generally are a Nile or Turquoise green, with burnt orange for the smaller domes. A terra cotta gold tone has been used extensively for the statuary, also in enriched backgrounds of ornament. The flag poles are an orange-pink. The lattices and woodwork and the benches about the gounds are French green. In addition to these colors numerous similar tones and modified tints have been used. The Official Exposition Colors are those used in the flags and streamers. They are: Cerulean Blue, Pastel Red, and Burnt Orange, with Red and Orange predominating. 25 THE MURAL PAINTINGS The Exposition marks a triumph in exterior decorative effects, par ticularly in the character and placing of the mural paintings which adorn the courts and palaces. In addition to the most celebrated painters of America, Frank Brangwyn, doubtless the most famous mural painter of England, is represented. Dodge and Robert Reid have won French medals; Hassam, Reed and Simmons are of the "Ten American Painters" who seceded from the Academy and formed a society of their own. The other painters, all of whom have won numerous honors, are Frank DuMond, William DeLeftwich Dodge, Charles Holloway, Milton Bancroft, Arthur Matthews. A list of the mural paintings with their location follows. Interpre tations of the paintings will be found under "Palaces and Courts" in this Guide, AND MORE IN DETAIL IN THE "OFFICIAL SCULPTURE BOOK," BY STELLA G. S. PERRY, SOLD ON THE GROUNDS AND ELSEWHERE. Court of Abundance: Earth, Air, Fire and Water (two of each) Frank Brangwyn Court of the Four Seasons: Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter (two of each) H. Milton Bancroft Man Receiving Instruction in Nature s Laws H. Milton Bancroft Court of the Universe: Arch of the Rising Sun: The nations that have crossed the Atlantic, and in the opposite panel the hopes and inspirations that led the adventurers on Edward Simmons Arch of the Setting Sun: The Departure from the Atlantic Frank V. DuMond The Arrival on the Pacific Frank V. DuMond Tower of Jewels: Six panels depicting aliegorically the history and construction of the Panama Canal : Wm. De Leftwich Dodge Court of Palms: Fruits and Flowers Childe Hassam The Pursuit of Pleasure Charles Holloway The Victory of Culture and the Humanities over Brute Force. .. .Arthur Mathews Palace of Fine Arts Rotunda: The Four Golds of California (four panels) Robert Reid The Birth of European Art Robert Reid The Birth of Oriental Art Robert Reid Tdeals in Art Robert Reid Inspirations of all Art Robert Reid THE MAIN GARDENS The Exposition gardens cover approximately 80 acres. Prior to the commencement of the Exposition work practically all of this area was a waste expanse of marsh and water. Atop of the fill of silt from the bottom of the bay was placed 50,000 cubic yards of loam and 16.000 cubic yards of fertilizer. The total cost of prepara tion of the gardens and the actual performance of the landscape work in planting trees, shrubs, flowers, etc., was approximately $500,000. The duration of the Exposition from winter to winter made neces sary the use of evergreen trees and shrubs throughout. In addition a series of plantings of various flowers will keep the gardens in continuous bloom through the Exposition year. Owing to varying atmospheric and thermal conditions in various parts of the grounds flora from widely separated parts of the world have been made use of. The landscape treatment is generally the same along the outside walls of all of the buildings of the main group. Here are to be found the hundreds of cypress and eucalyptus trees varying in height from 30 to 60 feet. Most of these trees v r ere brought from the Presidio and 27 Golden Gate Park. They comprise the largest quantity of evergreens ever transplanted. Against the south walls of the buildings eucalyptus globulus or blue gum has been used. The larger trees are banked up with smaller varieties. In front of these are banks of yellow flowering acacias, spring-flowering shrubs and pansies, to be followed, later in the year by flowering perennials and by dahlias and chrysanthemum. Each of the Courts has its distinctive gardening scheme. (See "Pal aces and Courts.") How the Trees Were Moved In boxing the large trees that ornament the grounds, the following method was used: The trees were side-boxed after the side roots had been cut. Three inches of space was allowed between the root-ball and the sides of the box, the space being secured by good surface soil, so as to start side-root action. The plants were mulched and watered for a period of from four to six months when the down roots were cut and the bottoms of the boxes put on. The method proved very successful, none of the palms or large trees having been injured in transplanting. EXHIBIT GARDENS In addition to the Exposition gardens proper there are numerous other important gardens about the grounds. Many of the state and foreign commissions imported native flora to the Exposition for the gardens surrounding their respective buildings, notable among them being the Chinese and Japanese Gardens. Within the Baker Street gate, on the east, are the horticultural department s exhibit gardens, about eight acres in extent. They in clude: The Netherlands Garden . In the Holland garden (first to the east) the 60,000 bulbs of hya cinths, tulips, narcissus and daffodils of the spring show will be re placed by gladioli, begonias, and dahlias, which bloom until the close of the Exposition. The flowering shrubs on display here include rhododendrons in a great variety of colors, from the palest shade of the "Pink Pearl" to the rich wine red of a newly created sort; "Kalmea" with glossy foliage much like that of the rhododendron but blossoming in clus ters of small bells; Japanese maples of several sorts, with deep red foliage, and golden alder, with yellow leaves, and decorative shrubbery, some of which has been shaped to standard patterns a development of the trellis idea new to us. Here also box and yews, clipped to re semble birds, bottles, spirals, interlaced hoops and the like. Airie van Vliet, the government expert in charge, or one of his assistants, will answer questions and explain to interested visitors horticultural meth ods in which the Netherlands excel. Rose Garden There are about a hundred entrants in the rose contest, in which a prize of $1,000 will be awarded for the best new unnamed rose shown. The plot containing the roses is bordered with annuals. California Garden In the California garden are dahlias, roses, gladiolus, pinks and the famous winter-flowering sweet pea exhibited by Antone Zvolenak, who originated it. Also specimens of the many species of evergreens native to the state firs, spruces, cedars and redwoods. 28 Miscellaneous Garden The miscellaneous garden has a collection of cannas, gladioli exhibits by the world s largest growers, and others; dahlias and a collection of rare irises, including 166 varieties from Pennsylvania. Massachusetts Garden The Massachusetts garden has an excellent exhibit of conifers, phlox, dahlias and perennials. The Forbidden Garden In the patio of the California building is a copy of the so-called "Forbidden Garden," plot for plot and plant for plant as the original stands today in the Mission Santa Barbara, many of the vines, flow ers, grasses and palms therein having come from Spain in the early clays of California. The rule forbidding women to enter the garden at Santa Barbara has never been broken except in two instances, one of these being the occasion on which Mrs. William McKinley was a guest. The Exposition garden is lighted with old-fashioned lanterns, and the cypress hedge which encloses it is a landmark of early San Fran cisco, being part of the hedge which belonged to Harbor View Baths. ILLUMINATION OF THE EXPOSITION The illumination of the Exposition marks an epoch in the science of lighting and the art of luminous coloring. Most of the effects are new, not alone to Expositions, but to the world. The cost of the illumination is approximately $500 a night. The system is composed of 900 magnetite arc lamps, 347 searchlights, 250 incandescent projectors for flag lighting, 200 projectors of the locomotive headlight type for illuminating the statuary, 250 high- pressure gas arc lamps for the streets of the state and foreign sec tion and about 30,000 incandescent bulbs, concealed. There are nearly 700 searchlight mirrors used in the illuminations, all of Bausch & Lomb manufacture, including forty-eight 36-inch lights in the "Scin- tillator 1 on the yacht 1 harbor. This constitutes the greatest aggregation of such apparatus ever assembled. The fundamental feature of the illumination system consists pri marily in the use of masked or concealed sources for all lights. "Flood lighting" predominates. The palaces are lined with ornamental arc-light standards hung with banners that reflect the light against the walls of the buildings. The banners along the main avenues were designed from the coats of arms of the Spanish conquistadors and explorers. All of the courts and the palaces that are separated from the main group have distinct illuminative features. The glare of the Zone with its festive atmosphere on the one hand and the soft flood of light that pervades the central portion of the grounds affords an opportunity to contrast the old methods of light ing with the novel achievements of the Exposition s illumination de partment. In the Court of Abundance, all is radiant energy and mystery in keeping with the architectural and sculptural symbolism. In the Court of the Universe the illumination supplements the dig nity and grandeur of the scene. The main area of the court (450,000 square feet) is illuminated principally by the two electric fountains The Fountain of the Rising Sun and the Fountain of the Setting Sun. Their combined spherical candle-power is 500,000, yet there is no dis agreeable glare. 29 In the Court of Four Seasons the quiet illumination is in perfect harmony with the classic architecture, while the placid central pool catches the reflections of the softly illumined archways and collonades. The great glass dome of the Palace of Horticulture is illumined from within by a battery of colored searchlights. When the moving lights are in operation the effect is opalescent. The Tower of Jewels is the focus of the rays of searchlights from all directions. The light is caught and flashed back by the myriads of jewels with which the tower is hung. (See Tower of Jewels under "Palaces and Courts.") The illumination of the grounds commences about six thirty in the evening (or later as the days get longer) and continues until the Exposition closes for the night. Three nights a week there is a special showing of fireworks on the Marina in conjunction with the scintillator, the combined searchlights having 3,600,000,000 candle-power. Alto gether the light supplied by the Exposition system would be sufficient for a city of 200,000 population. The fireworks furnished to the Exposition are Pacific Coast products, being manufactured by the Hitt Fireworks Co., Inc., of Seattle, Wash. Three hundred steel mortars to shoot the bombs in the air are buried in sand behind heavy timbers. These mortars range from twelve inches to three and a half feet in circumference. The Exposition has taken every precaution to ensure safety. That these precautions are necessary may be realized when it is remembered that in the final Zone salvo of a fireworks display over half a ton of explosives are shot into the air, producing a series of detonations never before equalled in times of peace. Programs for special illumination and fireworks demonstrations will be found in the Daily Official Program. THE INSCRIPTIONS The twenty-two inscriptions on the monuments and buildings of the Exposition are divided into three groups as follows: Group 1. The Tower of Jewels (8 panels). Group 2. The Court of the Universe, Arch of the Rising Sun (6 panels), Arch of the Setting Sun (6 panels). Group 3. The Court of the Four Seasons (6 panels.) The inscriptions in Group 1 commemorate the following events: The discovery of Panama by Bastides, the discovery of the Pacific Ocean by Balboa, the beginning of the Panama Canal by the United States, the opening of the Panama Canal, the discovery of California by Cabrillo, the foundation of the Mission of San Francisco de Asis (Mission Dolores), the Conquest of California by the United States, and the admission of California into the Union. The inscriptions in Group 2 are representative of the nations of the Orient and the Occident. The authors chosen to represent the various nations a r e as follows: America, Walt Whitman; England, Shakes peare; Spain, Cervantes; Germany, Goethe; France, Pascal; Italy, Dante; India, Kalidasa; China, Confucius; Japan, Hitomaro; Persia, Firdausi; Arabia, Zuhayr; Siam, Phra Ruang. The inscriptions in Group 3 relate as suitable to their place in the Court of the Four Seasons to Nature, and are drawn from the works of Spenser and Sterling. The selection of the inscriptions is the work of Porter Garnett, of the University of California. (See "Palaces and Courts" for text of in scriptions.) 30 Palaces and Courts A TRIP THROUGH THE GROUNDS The various palaces and courts are here given in a definite sequence as though the visitor were being conducted through the grounds in person. Reference to the map under the front cover will give their relative locations and make clear the route followed in this "trip." With each palace and court, or division of the grounds, the follow ing subjects are treated: General information, architecture, sculpture, mural paintings, and gardens. (See also, General Description of the Exposition.) With each palace is given an outline of the character of exhibits displayed within. The North Sea Detail of Fountain of Energy The main group of palaces, comprising the "walled city" is enclosed by the Avenue of Palms on the South, the Esplanade on the north, the Avenue of Progress, on the east and Administration Avenue, on the west. The eight palaces of this group are as follows: Varied Industries, Manufactures, Liberal Arts and Social Economy and Education (from east to west along the Avenue of Palms.) Mines and Metallurgy, Transportation, Agriculture and Food Pro ducts (from east to west along the Esplanade.) To the east of the main group is the Palace of Machinery; to the west, the Palace of Fine Arts; to the south, the Palace of Horticul ture and Festival Hall FOR COMPLETE INTERPRETATION OF THE SCULPTURE AND MURAL PAINTINGS SEE "OFFICIAL SCULPTURE BOOK," BY STELLA G. S. PERRY, FOR SALE ABOUT THE GROUNDS AND ELSEWHERE. 31 Marking the center of the south line of the palaces is the Tower of Jewels. Entrances will be found on each side of all palaces. The Courts are between the buildings. On entering the grounds through the main entrance at Scott Street the first object that meets the eye is the FOUNTAIN OF ENERGY This fountain by A. Stirling Calder, acting chief of the Exposition sculpture, typifies the whole spirit of the Exposition and expresses, allegorically the triumph of the Victor of the Isthmian Way. The sphere of the earth, supported in the water by sea monsters is the pedestal of the Victor. About it in rotary movement are grouped the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the North Sea and the South Sea, expressed by mermen or mermaids riding on appropriate sea creatures. Across the upper portions of the sphere stretch slumberous Titans representing the Western Hemisphere and the Eastern Hemisphere. Above them is a frieze of flying fish spouting sheets of water. Surmounting all, Energy the Victor advances, standing in his stir rups. Springing from his shoulders are winged Fame and Valor, with trumpets. THE TOWER OF JEWELS Marking the main entrance to the "walled city" of Exposition pal aces is the Tower of Jewels, the most conspicuous feature of the Exposition picture. With its unique arrangement of successive stages, one above the other, the Tower cannot be said to be even representative of any single architectural epoch, but its principal architectural features ure the Roman arch and the successive tiers of Corinthian and Doric columns. Atop of the tower is a large single column bearing four sculptured Atlases which support a sphere, 17 feet in diameter. The following are the principal dimensions of the tower: Height: 435 feet, or the equivalent of a thirty-seven story building of standard construction. Base: 125 feet square. Height of arch: 120 feet. Width of arch: 60 feet. Construction: Fourteen hundred tons of steel and more than 1,000,- 000 feet of lumber were used. On a hot day the Tower is higher than on a cold day. With a rise in temperature of one hundred degrees the steel in the frame expands so that the height of the structure is increased four inches. The Tower is equipped with elevators for use in case of fire but visitors are not permitted to make the ascension. The platform at the top is used as a lookout by the guard department. North of the Tower is the great Central Court of the Universe. Sculpture : In front and to the left of the Tower is the equestrian statue of Cortez by Charles Niehaus. Balancing it on the opposite side is the equestrian of Pizzaro by C. C. Rumsey. On top of the columns are the figures of the "Adventurer," "The , Priest," "The Philosopher" and "The Soldier" by John Flanagan. These figures are repeated on each of the four sides of the Tower. 32 Repeated four times on each side of the first stage is "The Armored Horseman" by F. M. L. Tonetti. On either side of the Tower are small courts enclosed by double rows of columns and containing sculptured fountains. The "Fountain of Youth" by Edith Woodman Burroughs is on the east. The vain human search for the fountain of y^uth is the subject of the sculpture. To the west of the Tower is the "Fountain of El Dorado" by Mrs. Harry Payne Whitney. The work portrays the search for the "land of gold" (El Dorado) which led the Spanish conquerors to their explorations and which led the pioneers across the plains. The Aztec origin of the legend of El Dorado that somewhere there existed a land of gold whose king scattered jewels and gold broadcast is suggested by the Aztec dress of the male and female figures, the guardians of the portal to El Dorado. Mural Paintings: An allegorical presentation of the purpose, the progress and thv. historical phases of the Panama Canal form the themes of the paint ings by William De Leftwich Dodge, under the arch of the Tower of Jewels. This position of the paintings is intended to emphasize the fact that the Exposition is held in celebration of the comple tion of the Canal. Each of the paintings is divided into three panels. The titles of the two larger panels are "The Atlantic and Pacific" (on the west) and "The Gateway of All Nations" (on the east.) Each group of three is ninety-six feet long. The first panel on the western side of the arch is entitled "Dis covery" and represents Balboa gazing on the waters of the Pacific, while the Spirit of Adventure that led him to the discovery hover* above him. In the left of the panel a group of knights represents the era that preceded the age of discovery. In the central background is a galleon of Balboa s time, and in the right of the panel an Indintj crouches on ruins that symbolize the ancient civilization of Central America. The rear of the prairie schooner is prophetic of the migrations that are to come as a result of the discovery. The central panel "The Atlantic and Pacific" shows an idealized figure of Labor, standing at the junction of the waters, joining the hands of the figures representing the two oceans. In the background are the fleets of the world waiting for the opening of the Canal passage. At the left the ox team of the pioneers, who crossed the Isthmus and the plains in earlier days suggests the contrast between the old route and the new. On the right are typical figures of the Oriental nations that are brought into closer relations with the western world by the com pletion of the canal. The right panel "The Purchase" shows France handing a scroll to America. The Spirit of Good Will gives her benispn to the trans action. On one side the French workmen are laying down their tools while the American toilers opposite prepare to take up the work. Back of them is the figure of the West Indian negro. On the eastern side of the arch is "The Gateway of All Nations." showing Neptune leading the navies of the world through the canal The builders rest from their labors while a divine messenger summons mankind onward and Progress (with the torch) leads the way. 33 The panel on the left shows "Labor Crowned." The figure of Labor enthroned is crowned with a wreath by Achievement, and is acclaimed by the toilers. The soldier takes up his arms for the defense of the Canal, and other toilers are seen taking their departure. The panel on the right "Achievement" shows the Intelligence that conceived the work enthroned. At the right are the Sciences that made the work possible. The Aborigine acknowledges the benefits bestowed by civilization. Inscriptions: A series of inscribed tablets on the Tower is used to present the principal historical events that culminated with the com pletion of the Panama Canal and the holding of the Exposition. The inscriptions on the south side are as follows: 1501 1904 Rodrigo de Bastides The United States Pursuing his Course Succeeding France Beyond Begins Operations The West Indies on the Discovers Panama. Panama Canal. 1513 1915 Vasco Nunez De Balboa The Panama Canal Crosses Is Opened The Isthmus of Panama To the Commerce and Discovers of The Pacific Ocean. The World On the North Side of the Tower: 1542 1846 Juan Rodrigues Cabrillo The United States Discovers Upon the Outbreak of California War with Mexico and Takes Possession of Lands on its Shore. California. 1776 1850 Jose Joaquin Moraga California Founds Is Admitted to The Mission the Union of As San Francisco De Asis A Sovereign State. Illumination. The Tower at night supplies one of the most mag nificent features of the Exposition s illumination. The colonnades of its various stages are suffused by a glowing red light from within, while the Tower as a whole is the focus of searchlights turned upon it from all directions. The Jewels. The Tower takes its name from the profusion of jewels with which it is ornamented. The jewels or "novagems" as they are called are one of the novel features of the Exposition illumina tion system. More than 120,000 of them clothe the tower and lend a shimmering brilliance to the tower under the play of searchlight rays at night. These jewels were especially cut for the Exposition by Austrian peasants with whom the gemcutter s art is an hereditary craft. Their particular design was selected after numerous tests to obtain a maximum of brilliancy, and the cutting given over to the peasants by reason of the Austrians expertness and the fact that the most suitable glass for the purpose was available only in that country. 34 THE SOUTH GARDENS Between the exhibit Palaces and the wall bounding the Exposition grounds on the south are the South Gardens, distinguished by stretches of flower beds, groups of shrubs and trees (that follow the general outline of the domed palaces at either end of the gardens), ornate balustrades and rectangular pools. The flower beds will be in continual bloom throughout the Expo sition period of ten months. This effect is obtained through a series of plantings. As soon as one variety has ceased blooming, the plants are removed and others put in their places. Here the yellow pansies have already succeeded the daffodils and tulips. At the western end of the South Gardens is the Palace of Horticul ture; at the eastern end is Festival Hall. South Portal of Palace of Liberal Arts Repeated on Palace of Manufactures Just within the Scott street entrance, on the right and left respec tively, are the Press Building and the Y. W. C. A. Building. The fountains in the larger pools fronting these two Palaces are topped by the figure of "The Mermaid" by Arthur Putman. Avenue of Palms. Separating the Palaces from the South Gardens is the Avenue of Palms. Terminating the western vista of this ave nue is the Cuban Pavilion and terminating the eastern vista is the Southern Pacific Building. The Avenue is half a mile in length and is borded by a double row of Canary Island Date Palms and Cali fornia Fan Palms alternately spaced every 30 feet, and all averaging from 18 to 25 feet in height. The trunks of the Date Palms are planted with hardy ferns and ivy leaf geraniums and mesembryanthemum. Passion vines are also planted at the base of the Palms. 35 Along the front of the Palaces are eucalyptus globulus, or blue gum, 40 to 50 feet in height, banked with smaller varieties of euca lyptus and cypress. In front of these are yellow flowering acacias and spring-flowering shrubs and pansies that will be followed by flowering perennials and other later flowering varieties. The Outside Wall. The great green wall that marks the southern boundary of the Exposition, along Chestnut Street, is one of the most di>tinctive features of the Exposition landscape engineering It is the first effect of its kind ever created. The wall is 1150 feet long and 20 feet high with arches 30 feet in height over the main entrance. The wall is constructed of shallow boxes of growing "ice plant" or mesem- bryanthemum fastened to the wooden frame. The plants were set out in horizontal position until they had attained a certain stage of growth ai d then placed on the wall frame. The earth is held by the roots of the plants and a covering of wire netting over the boxes. PALACE OF MANUFACTURES The first building to the east of the Tower is the Palace of Manu factures. The main entrance is a Spanish renaissance portal, identi cal with that of the Palace of Liberal Arts on the west of the Tower. Sculpture. Above the doorway is a freize by Mahonri Young, en- ntled "The Useful Arts." Here are shown workmen at the wheel, the anvil, the forge and busied with various occupations. In the niches are figures of a woman with a distaff (spinning) and a laborer with a sledge, also by Young. On the gable above the doorway is a winged figure of "Victory" by Louis Ulrich. This figure is repeated on the acroteria (as the gable platforms are called) of all of the Palaces of the main group. Exhibits. The specific lines of trade represented in this mammoth display are manifold, covering hundreds of industries, and including net only the goods one would find in a retail shop, but also every tbing that goes into the interior finish and decoration of public and private dwellings; plumbing, heating, lighting and certain forms of machinery. The idea of utility controls in the Palace of Manufactures, there being two great divisions; one inclusive of heating, hardware, glass lighting and merchandise in woods and metals; in the other clothing and textiles. Of the total vast area embraced within the confines of this great structure, 55 per cent of the floor space is given over to the products of the manufacturers of the United States and 45 per cent to those of the foreign nations. The United States Exhibits are arranged in industrial groups while the foreign displays are installed according to nationality. The foreign displays are from France, Italy, Japan and Great Britain. THE COURT OF FLOWERS Equidistant from the Tower of Jewels on the east and west are the two sets of twin towers, 210 feet in height, resembling in mass and general outline the Tower of Geralda, at Seville, Spain, one of the most celebrated towers in the world. The towers on the east mark the location of the Court of Flowers. The architecture of the court proper is Italian. A colonnade con nects the two towers. The colonnade is broken by three entrances giving respectively into the Palace of Manufactures on the west, the Palace of Varied Industries on the east and the Court of Abundance in the north. Above the colonnade is an arcade. 36 Water Sprite By Leo Lentelli, Court of Abundance "Beauty and the Beast" Fountain by Edgar Walter in Court of Flowers 37 The roof over the arcade is of Spanish tile such as is used along the top of all the walls that enclose the "walled city." Back of this court rises the richly ornamented square tower which marks the Court of Abundance. Sculpture. The niches in the piers of the arcade of the court carry the repeated figure of "The Flower Girl," by John Bateman. The figure is decked with wreaths of flowers in keeping with the name and character of the court. At the front of the court is the equestrian statue of "The American Pioneer," by Solon Borglum. The rider, typical of the Americans who forged their way through the wilderness and deserts of the west, holds an axe and a gun, symbols of pioneer life. The leather trappings of his horse are ornamented with Indian emblems At the rear of the court is the sculptured fountain, by Edgar Walter. "The Beauty and the Beast" is the title of the work. It is in sympathy with the flowery-fairyland idea that inspired the creation of the court. At the tops of the towers is "The Fairy" figure by Carl Gruppe. Flora. Orange trees and groups of eugenia myrtifolia placed in ex tensive flower beds of color, containing yeMow pansies, daffodils, red anemones and red tulips. FESTIVAL HALL At the eastern end of the South Gardens and opposite the Court of Flowers is Festival Hall. This is a French renaissance structure resembling somewhat the Theatre des Beaux Arts in Paris. The purpose of the building is to supply a center for the Exposition musical events and festivals, which fact has been the inspiration for the festive character of its architectural and sculptural treatment. Sculpture. All of the sculpture on the building is the work of Sherry E. Fry, of Iowa. On top of the pylons, .at either side of the main entrance, are reclining figures, one of "Bacchus," the other of a nymph. In front of each pylon is a figure of "Euterpe," the Muse of music. At the feet of one is the God Pan with his pipes and beneath the other is a reclining Nymph. Above the smaller domes, that mark the four corners of the build ing is the repeated figure of "The Dancer." Flora. The plots on the north side of the building are planted with a mass of hydrangeas. Primroses and daisies are also placed about the building in abundance. Along the walls are eucalyptus and cyress trees. Illumination. The cupola of the central dome and the four small pavilions at the corners are suffused with a reddish light at night while the building is bathed with the rays of searchlights, the effect contributing one of the most striking features to the night picture of the Exposition. The interior of the building is illuminated entirely from beneath the floor. The light comes through a three foot aperture from a battery of searchlights. The main auditorium of the building contains one of the largest pipe organs in the world, which was constructed especially for the Exposition. The instrument will be used by some of the world s most famous organists during the Exposition period. (For organ recitals and other musical events in Festival Hall, see article on Music in this guide, also see the Daily Official Program.) The main hall of the building has a seating capacity of 3000. 38 THE PALACE OF VARIED INDUSTRIES This Palace forms the southeastern unit of the main group. Architecture. On the south front of the Palace of Varied Indus tries is one of the most beautiful portals of the Exposition. This doorway is a reproduction of the entrance to the Hospital of Santa Cruz at Toledo, Spain, and represents an expenditure of $15,000. The eastern facade of the Palace presents a massive Italian renais sance portal with sculptured figures occupying the niches. The east and west walls of the Palace are broken by buttresses. At the tops of the buttresses are idealized California bears with shields. Sculpture. The sculptured decoration of the south portal is Plat- eresque, so called because of its resemblance to the work of the Spanish silversmiths of the 16th century (Plateros.) The modern sculpture is by Ralph Stackpole, a young Californian. "The Laborer" or Man with the Pick is repeated four times in the niches at the side of the doorway. In the tympanum, directly above the doorway are figures representative of the various industries, and suggestive of the contents of the building. In the small niche above the doorway is a seated figure of "Labor." In the large niche sur mounting the whole composition is a group of figures called "From Generation to Generation." Age is passing the burden of industry to Youth. The figure of the "Miner" ornamenting the eastern entrance to this Palace is by Albert Weinert. Exhibits. In this Palace are to be found exhibits of stationery, desk accessories, artists materials, silversmiths and goldsmiths ware, jewelry, clock and watch making, objects of ornamental de sign, glass, fine leather articles, fancy articles and basket work, cer amics, equipment and processes for finishing textiles, threads and cotton fabrics, silk and silk fabrics, laces, embroidery, wearing apparel, furs and skins, mortuary monuments and undertakers furnishings and various industries connected with clothing. About 55 per cent, of the floor space has been devoted to the pro ducts of United States manufacturers and 45 per cent to foreign. The United States exhibits are arranged in industrial groups, while the foreign displays are classified according to nationality. Foreign countries exhibiting are: Argentine, China, Netherlands (Holland and Colonies,) Denmark, Germany, Austria, Turkey, India, Spain, Uruguay, Balkan States, Japan and Duchy of Luxemberg. THE AVENUE OF PROGRESS At the eastern end of the Avenue of Palms, running north and south is the Avenue of Progress, one of the most magnificent of the Exposition boulevards. The northern vista along this avenue affords an excellent opportunity to observe the exquisite harmony that exists between the Exposition picture and the coloring that Nature has given to the California sky, the bay and the hills beyond. This particular vista is terminated by Angel Island on the Marin side of the bay. On the eastern side of the Avenue of Progress is the entrance to the Zone, the Southern Pacific Building, the Palace of Machinery and, at its northern end, the buildings erected by several of the trans continental railroads. On the western side is the Palace of Varied Industries, the Court 39 of Mines, which leads into the Court of the Ages, and the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy. Opposite the Court of Mines and in front of the Palace of Machinery is "The Genius of Creation," a sculptured group by Daniel Chester French, "the dean of American sculptors." A winged figure, "The Genius of Creation," is seated on a rock, "Man and Woman" stand on either side, their hands clasped behind the central figure. A serpent suggesting the story of Genesis encircles the base. Landscape Effects. Some of the most successful landscape effects of the Exposition have been achieved along this avenue. Groups of individuals specimens of dracena indivisa branched plants of an aver age height of 20 feet have been placed along the avenue. The build ings are clothed with Monterey cypress, banked with Lawson cypress and thuya gigantea, in front of which are planted various firs and spruces, while specimens of Spanish fir have been set out between them and the dracena avenue. Color is supplied in front of the firs and spruces by cinerarias for the early part of the Exposition period and by fuschias later. Palace of Machinery, looking north from the junction of the Avenue of Palms and the Avenue of Progress PALACE OF MACHINERY Flanking the eastern end of the main group of Palaces is the great Palace of Machinery, the largest wooden building in the world. This structure is 968 feet long by 368 feet wide and 135 feet high. It was within its central nave that the late Lincoln Beachey made the only indoor aeroplane flight ever attempted. Though its frame is of wood, something like 1500 tons of steel bolts and fastenings were used in the process of construction. Eight million feet of lumber went into its walls, frame and floor. The building cost $659,665 and covers approximately nine acres. Architecture. The architectural motif of this Palace, particularly in the arrangement of its eables, is supplied by the ancient Roman baths 40 of Diocletian. The western facade of the Palace is relieved by double columns at intervals and niches containing fountains. The principal architectural feature of the Palace is the main entrance on the western side, facing the Court of Mines. The main entrance is composed of three massive arches set off by free standing columns in simulation of Sienna marble. Forming a tie between the arches in the background are grills of amber-glass. One of the best impressions of this magnificent entrance is afforded by stepping within the vestibule at the south end in the late afternoon, when the sun s rays are slanting through the arches. Sculpture. All of the sculptural decoration of this Palace is by Haig Patigian, a California sculptor. Topping the columns in front of the main entrance are four huge figures representing "The Power of Invention," "Electric Power" (this figure holds a shaft of lightning). "The Power of Imagination," and "Steam Power" (the figure with an engine lever). These "four powers" are repeated on the columns of the north and south entrances. Around the base of the smaller columns in the main entrance are friezes containing the figure of "The Genius of Mechanics" and other figures suggesting the contents of the building. Exhibits. The exhibits of this Palace are not only arranged to be of interest to the engineer, but are intended as a school of instruction to students and to those not familiar with machinery or electrical ap pliances. Besides a great many exhibits in operation other exhibits are arranged to present explanatory features for easy study. The exhibits include engines and water motors of the latest type and a great variety of machines for shaping wood and metals, apparatus for adapt ing electricity to a wide range of uses, and many other classes of machinery for manufacturing and household uses. A series of highly scientific and spectacular electric displays are a feature of this de partment. The U. S. Government has exhibits of the War and Navy depart ments, Coast Guard Service, Light House Service, Bureau for Inspec tion of Vessels and Office of Public Roads, in this palace. THE PALACE OF MINES AND METALLURGY. The Palace of Mines and Metallurgy, the northeast unit of the main group, is appropriately flanked by the Machinery Palace on the east and the Transportation Palace on the west. The main entrances are on the Marina and the Avenue of Progress. The south west corner adjoins the Court of Abundance. Architecture. Being at a corner of the main group, this Palace pre sents a different spectacle and different architecture with each facade. The west wall also serves for the cloister of the Court of Abund ance. The facade opposite the Palace of Machinery harmonizes with the Roman architecture of that massive structure, while the north facade is in the "Plateresque" style common to the north facades of all Palaces abutting on the Esplanade. The Palace covers an area of six acres. It cost $350,000. Exhibits. The natural mineral resources (metallic, non-metallic and fuel) of the world; their exploration and exploitation; their conver sion into metal; their manufacture into structural forms and into raw materials for the various industries. 41 The object of the Mines and Metallurgical exhibit is two-fold: First, to draw attention to the natural mineral resources of each country, state and community, so that the public may learn of the mode of occurrence of the minerals and metals of commerce and of their distribution; of the stage of development of the various countries and districts; of present and possible future sources of supply and consumption; of general market and trade conditions in the many in dustries which are based on the utilization of mineral resources. Second, to educate the public in a general way regarding the de tails of the numerous subdivisions of this great basic industry, both at home and abroad, in the hope that the hundreds of thousands who will visit the palace will tarry long enough to grasp the tremendous importance of this industry in the development and settlement, not only of the United States, but of the world. Plateresque Portal Repeated on north facades of the four palaces fronting on the Esplanade Mines and Metallurgy, Transportation, Agriculture, and Food Products The aim of this department has also been to illustrate every min eral of economic importance, not merely by mineralogical and geo logical specimens, but" by complete industrial exhibits which begin with the undeveloped mineral resources, and end with the article sold to the retail trade of the country, and show, in so far as possible, the intermediate processes of mining, reduction and manufacture. Especial attention has been given to petroleum and coal, to copper, to lead and zinc, to the precious metals, to the gems and semi-precious stones. The iron and steel industry is shown by the most compre hensive and complete exhibit ever assembled. The rarer minerals and processes for their reduction have received due attention, particularly the radio-active ores. 42 A co-operative metallurgical exhibit has been arranged where stan dard metallurgical methods are illustrated on a working scale. An open metallurgical forum is conducted by the United States Bureau of Mines. It is expected that this will prove to be a rendezvous for technical men from all parts of the world and many important problems will be investigated during the life of the Exposition. Mining methods are illustrated by a novel and most instructive ex hibit beneath the floor of the Palace in the Demonstration Mine. The leading metal mining companies and coal producers of the United States, and the various manufacturers of machinery and equipment have joined in a comprehensive exhibit illustrating mining practice. Daily demonstrations of mine rescue work are given at 2 P. M. Access to THE MINE is obtained through the Bureau of Mines space near the north main entrance. The display of the W. P. Fuller Co. is housed in a reproduction of the celebrated Indian temple of Taj Mahal. THE COURT OF MINES. Turning west from the main entrance of the Palace of Machinery into the Court of Mines one looks along the main axis of the Exposi tion. The vista is through the various courts which will be described in the order in which they lie to the west. Terminating the vista- on the west is the rotunda of the Palace of Fine Arts. This small court forms a passageway between the Palace of Varied Industries on the south and the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy on the north. The entrances to these two buildings are Italian renais sance in treatment. Sculptured figures occupy niches on either side of the doorways. Below the figures are highly ornamental lamps sug gestive of sacrificial altars. Illumination. This court is a good place to observe the placing of the ornamental green lighting standards distributed along the walls of buildings. These standards are one of the principal compon ents in the system of floodlighting from concealed sources that is characteristic of the Exposition. The lights are hidden from the eyes of the spectator within the shells at the tops of standards. The shells also serve as reflectors, throwing the light against the walls of buildings. The Court of Mines is terminated on the west by the wall of the cloister of the Court of Abundance. THE COURT OF ABUNDANCE The Court of the Ages, or Court of Abundance, as it has been of ficially designated by the Exposition, is the farthest east in the series of main courts. It is surrounded by the Palace of I^ines and Metal lurgy, on the northeast; the Palace of Varied Industries, on the south east; the Palace of Manufactures, on the southwest, and the Palace of Transportation, on the northwest. The location of the court is marked, from the exterior of the "walled city" of Exposition palaces, by the lofty square tower which stands at the north entrance. The following description of the court is supplied by its architect, Louis Christian Mullgardt, who has expressed a preference for the use of the name "Court of the Ages." Architecture. The floor of the Court declines to the central basin, affording the observer a full view of the surroundings. The arcaded and vaulted ambulatory extends continuously around the four sides. The floor of this ambulatory is elevated above the upper floor level 43 of the Court for the convenience of observers. Its architecture has not been accredited to any established style. The Court is an historical expression of the successive Ages of the World s growth. The Central Fountain symbolizes the nebulous world with its innate human passions. Out of a chaotic condition came Water (the Basin) and Land (the Fountain) and Light (the Sun supported by Helios, and the Electroliers). The braziers with their flaming serpents and cauldrons symbolize Fire. The floor of the court is covered with verdure, trees, flowers and fruits. The two Sentinel Columns to the right and left of the tower symbolize Earth and Air. The eight paintings, by Brangwyn, in the four corners oi the ambulatory symbolize the elements of Earth, Air, Fire and Water. The central figure in the avenue north of the court symbol izes "Modern Time Listening to the Story of, the Ages." The decorative motifs employed on the surrounding arcade are sea plant life and its animal evolution. The piers, arches, reeds and columns bear legendary decorative motifs of the transition from plant to animal life in the forms of tortoises and other shell motifs, kelp and its analogy to pre-historic lobster, skate, crab and sea urchin. The water-bubble motif is carried through all vertical members which symbolize the Crustacean Period, which is the second strata of the court. The third strata, the pre-historic figures, surmounting the piers of the arcade, also the first group over the tower entrance, show earliest forms of human, animal, reptile and bird life, symbolizing the Stone Age period. The fourth strata, the second group in the Altar Tower, symbolize human struggle for emancipation from ignorance and superstition, in which religion and war are dominating factors. The kneeling figures on the side altar are similary expressive. The torches above these mediaeval groups symbolize the Dawn of Understanding. The Chanti cleers on the finials surrounding the court symbolize the Christian Era. The topmost figure of the altar symbolizes Intelligence, "Peace on Earth," "Good Will Towards All Men" the spirit of Learning and Industry is at her feet. The topmost figure surmounting the side altar symbolizes Thought. The arched opening forming the enclosure of the altar contains alternating masks expressing Intelligence and Ignorance in equal measure, symbolizing the Peoples of the World. A gradual development to the higher forms of Plant Life is ex pressed upward in the Altar Tower, the conventionalized Lily Petal being the highest form. Sculpture. The general meaning of the sculpture and its relation to the underlying motifs of the court are expressed in the description of the architect. - The architectural detail and the sculpture supple ment each other in symbolizing biological change and evolution. The central feature of the court is the "Fountain of the Earth" by Robert Aitken, which has attracted such widespread attention that it has been deemed best to here present a detailed interpretation of the work and the meaning of the various figure* At the south end of the central pool is a figure of Helios, the sun- god, symbolic of the setting sun, the whole having a suggestion of primitive man s idea of the sun splashing into the water of the ocean as it sets. FOR COMPLETE INTERPRETATION OF THE SCULPTURE AND MURAL PAINTINGS SEE "OFFICIAL SCULPTURE BOOK" BY STELLA G. S. PERRY, FOR SALE ABOUT THE GROUNDS AND ELSEWHERE. First and second panels of the "Fountain of the Earth" And front group, which is the arm extending from the second panel In the Court of Abundance, by Robert Aitken 45 Third and fourth panels of the "Fountain of the Earth" In the Court of Abundance, by Robert Aitken. 46 Th great orb has thrown off a nebulous mass that has subsequently resolved itself into the earth (the globe in the center of the main fountain). The Fountain of the Earth: To follow the sculptor s purpose one should first observe the figures on the west side of the group in front of the main fountain, then the four panels that surround the globe, commencing on the south side, and end with the east side of the front group. Front Group: A symbolized Destiny, in the shape of two arms and hands giving life with the one and taking it away with the other, is first in the front group. On the side are figures suggesting the Dawn of Life. The first figure on the west, Prenatal Sleep, is the crouched form of a woman, while successively come the Awakening, the Ecstatic Joy of Being, the Kiss of Life, with the human pair offering up the chil dren of their loins representative of the beginnings of fecundity; a female strong of limb and superb of physique enfolds in her arms two infants, while her mate of no less powerful build and rude force, kneeling beside her, gives her an embrace, typical of the over-powering parental instinct. Here is the suggestion of the elemental feelings, the beginnings of things. First Panel: Between the front group and the central fountain comes a gap, a space typical of unknown time before history began, and the story is taken up again with the first of the panels, wherein stands a figure of Vanity, glass in hand, symbolizing the compelling motive of so much in human endenvor. To the left, in contrast, are primitive man and woman carrying their burdens of life, in the form of their progeny, into the unknown future. The two figures to the right represent "Lust." Second Panel. Between each of the panels is a figure of Hermes suggesting the passage of time. (Similar figures were used by the Greeks as milestones along the roads). In the second panel are the children of the men and women in the first panel, now grown to man and womanhood, and in their rude strength, finding themselves, with the result of natural selection. This is a group of five personages. The center figure is a man of splendid youth and vigor, suggesting the high state both of physical and in tellectual perfection, unconsciously attracting the female, two of whom regard him with favor, while two males on either side, deserted for this finer type, give vent to deep regret, expressed by despair and anger. One attempts by brute force to hold the woman, the other reluctantly gives up his choice. Third Panel. In the "Survival of the Fittest," as this panel is called, we have a militant group, in which physical strength begins to play its part. The powerful chieftains struggle for supremacy of their time and tribe, their women making futile efforts to separate them. Here the sense of conquest receives its first impression, while there is symbolism of the conflict of the nations that has ever gone on, for one cause or another, and that struggle for the female that has ever been the actuating motive in war and conquest. Fourth Panel: The next group discloses "The Lesson of Life," wherein the elders with the experience of the years offer to hot headed youth and to the lovelorn the benefit of their own trials and struggles. A beautiful woman is the central figure, and she draws to her side splendid manhood, the warrior willing to fight for his love and his faith. To his left his mother offers him her affectionate ad- 47 vice, while to the right a father restrains a wayward offspring, who, rejected by the female, is in a state of frenzied jealousy. Finally, looking at the first panel again, are the two figures repre senting Lust, a man struggling to caress the unwilling woman shrink ing from his embraces, and we are led down from this pair to the crouching figures on the east side of the group in front of the fountain. First is a figure of Greed looking back on the Earth. He holds in his hands a mass suggestive of his futile and unsavory worldly pos session, the unworthy bauble toward which his efforts have been di rected. Back of him we have the group of Faith, wherein kneels a Patriarch, who offers consolation to a woman to whom he presents the hope of immortality, holding in his hands a scarab, ancient symbol of renewed life. Next come two recumbent figures, a man and a woman, the first Sorrow, the other typifying Final Slumber. These are about to be drawn into oblivion by the relentless hand of Destiny. The Tower: The sculpture on the Tower by Chester Beach is in three principal stages, representing the evolution of the race. In the first, Man is just emerging from the lower forms of animal life. He is still brutish, but within him intelligence is dawning. , The second stage shows mediaeval civilization. Here is the crusader, the priest and the soldier. The third group is of the present civilization. Woman, representing motherhood, is enthroned and crowned. The figures at the sides of the tower are called Mutation or Change. Man and woman, now enlightened, are still struggling toward better things, and to throw off the evil heritages that persist from primitive ages. In front of the Tower are two columns bearing the Water Sprite by Leo Lentellt. Water nymphs by the same sculptor are grouped about the bases of the columns. (It was originally intended to utilize the columns as fountains.) Along the top of the cloister are the repeated figures of Primitive Man (the hunter) and Primitive Woman, by Albert Weinert. In the north avenue of the court is the statute of "Modern Time Listening to the Story of the Ages," by Sherry E. Fry. Mural Paintings Tn this court are the eight paintings by Frank Brangwyn of London. The canvases have for their subjects the four elements: "Earth," "Water," "Fire" and "Air." Unlike most of the other murals, these have no abstruse symbolism, and the subject is conveyed by the picturing of simple, primitive human uses of the several elements. The paintings tell no particular "story," in the sense of the histori cal canvases of the Exposition, their chief features being their artistic qualities and the artist s method of execution. Earth. The abundance and fruitfulness of the earth at harvest time pre the means of suggesting the subject in both paintings of "Earth," in both the scene is fairly teeming with productivity. In one men and women are gathering flowers and the crops of fruit and vegetables, pnd in the other a vintage is in progress, the great clusters of grapes furnishing one of the dominant notes of the picture. Water. Girls and men are filling their water-jugs from a spring. The tall water-birds (flamingoes) also suggest this element. The prox imity of the water is again suggested by the abundance of verdure. In the second of the "Water" pictures fishermen are drawing their seines in, while others are coming with baskets to bear away the catch. 48 "Air" Mural painting in Court of Abundance, by Frank Brangwyn 49 Fire. One of the paintings has Primitive Fire for its subject and the other the Fire of Industry. In the first the thin column of smoke indicates the presence of fire. The men are grouped about it fanning and blowing the flame into life. Others are bringing faggots while the old folk gather about for warmth. A rough kiln to which men are bringing pottery for burning is the means of conveying the idea of fire in the second painting. Air. The power of air is immediately suggested by the great wind mill and rain clouds. Boys flying kites, wind-swept grain, and the workers going to their winnowing with the wind at their backs are seen. In the second painting a trio of archers are about to dispatch their missies through the air. Birds flying about in the trees above show the purpose of their hunt and the element which is treated. Flora: Orange trees brought from the interior valleys of the state in full bearing; formal Italian cypress and Irish yews with standard acacias. THE FLORENTINE COURT. Connecting the Court of Abundance with the Court of the Universe is the Florentine Court, so called because of the characteristic Florentine treatment of the facades of the Palace of Manufactures and the Pal ace of Transportation which form its walls. Ornamental columns of varied design flank the walls, while beds of flowers and clumps of evergreen shrubs border the paths. From this court one has the first view of the Arch of the Rising Sun, the eastern entrance to the Court of the Universe. Two medal lions by A. Stirling Calder ornament this side of the arch. The Na tions of the East group at the top can best be seen from within the Court of the Universe. Beneath the sculptured group are these inscriptions: Left panel: HE THAT HONORS NOT HIMSELF LACKS HONOR WHERSOE ER HE GOES. ZUHAYR (Arabian Poet). Center panel: THE BALMY AIR DIFFUSES HEALTH AND FRAGRANCE SO TEMPERED IS THE GENIAL GLOW THAT WE KNOW NEITHER HEAT NOR COLD TULIPS AND HYACINTHS ABOUND FOSTERED BY A DELICIOUS CLIME THE EARTH BLOpMS LIKE A GARDEN. FIRDAUSI (The national poet of Persia). Right panel: A WISE MAN TEACHES BE NOT ANGRY FROM UNTRODDEN WAYS TURN ASIDE. PHRA RUANG (an ancient King of Siam). The figure of the Guardian Angel, by Leo Lentelli, tops the Sienna columns on either side of the arch. PALACE OF TRANSPORTATION The Palace of Transportation is just to the west of the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy in the north half of the main group of palaces. The east, south and west walls of this palace contribute respectively to the Court of the Ages, the Florentine Court and the Court of the Universe. The north front is in the Plateresque treatment common to the north facades of all four palaces fronting on the Esplanade, The building covers seven acres and cost $500,000. 50 Exhibits. The whole development of transportation from the most primitive forms of locomotion to the most rapid and scientific means of conveyance of today are shown in this building. Here also are shown the principal methods of utilizing steam and electric power for transportation, as well as rolling stock that is used for passenger and freight traffic; construction material and methods used under the best practice; expeditious handling of mail and express; safety devices; routes of travel; pictures, views and spectacular presen tations of world renowned points of interest. Marine travel is fully illustrated through models of ships; photo graphs, full size sections of modern merchant vessels; charts and other methods. In Machinery Palace, yet having a place in this de- Arch of the Rising Sun, Court of the Universe partment, are the latest types of marine engines and motor boat ap pliances. Oversea travel, both domestic and foreign, are shown. The automobile, which is the flexible unit of transportation and which is a great factor in the development of the country, is seen in all the varied types and body styles known to the motoring world. The exhibits typify every phase of development in modes of modern transportation and faithfully record the marvelous advances thus made in recent years. Some of the main features of interest include a 4,000 horsepower electric locomotive mounted on a revolving turntable, the aero plane used by Robert Fowler in his flight across the Panama Canal Zone, the biplane used by the late Lincoln Beachey, in which he made over a thousand aerial loops, an automobile assembling plant in operation, one of the two surviving locomotives used in the early 60s by the Central Pacific Railroad across the Sierra Nevada moun tains, one of the largest passenger locomotives in use today, and many other features of interest in land and marine transportation. 51 COURT OF THE UNIVERSE The Court of the Universe, the great central court of the Exposi tion, symbolizes both the purposes oi the Exposition, which celebrates the completion of the Panama Canal and the far-reaching effects that the building of the Canal itself will have in unifying the nations of the world. The southern edge of the sunken gardens, which occupy the center of the court, is the best place from which to observe its numerous features. On the east are the Palaces of Manufactures and Transportation, and on the west the Palaces of Liberal Arts and Agriculture, lo the south is the Tower of Jewels, and to the north the forecourt leading to the Marina and terminated by the heroic Column oi Progress. Marking the east and west entrances to the Court are the Arch of the Rising Sun and the Arch of the Setting Sun. The architecture of the court is Roman, its principal features being the triumphal arches and the curved colonnades ot double columns, which border the court on the east and west and are broken by six domed pavilions. There is a decided resemblance between the court and the plaza of St. Peter s in Rome. The area of the court is approximately ten acres. Sculpture. In this court is the best place to get a general idea of the scope of the Exposition sculpture. Much of the best sculpture work is to be observed here, as well as the great variety of sculpture motifs. The two most prominent works are the Nations of the East on the Arch of the Rising Sun and the Nations of the West on the Arch of the Setting Sun. Both groups are in moving composition as though advancing toward each other. Messrs. Calder, Lentelli and Roth were >he sculptors who collaborated on these massive works. In the "Nations of the East" group from left to right the figures are "The Arab Warrior," "The Negro Servitor" (bearing baskets of fruit), "Camel and Rider," "The Egyptian," "The Falconer," elephant with howdah containing a figure embodying the "Spirit of the East" and attended by Oriental mystics representing India; "The Buddhist Llama," bearing his emblem of authority; "Camel and Rider," "The Mahometan," "The Negro Servitor," "The Mongolian Warrior." The size of the group may be inferred from the fact that the figure of the negro servitor is 13 feet 6 inches in height. The following lines from the "Light of Asia," epitomizing the spirit of the East, are inscribed on the arch beneath the group: "Unto Nir vana. He is one with Life, yet lives not He is blest ceasing to be Om Mani Padmi Om The dewdrop slips into the Shining Sea." In the "Nations of the West" group from left to right the figures are: "The French Trapper," "The Alaskan," "The Latin American," "The German," "The Hopes of the Future" (two boys, white and negro, riding on the prairie schooner), "Enterprise" (above the group), "The Mother of Tomorrow," "The Italian," "The Anglo-American," "The Squaw," "American Indian." The group is conceived in the same large monumental style as the "Nations of the East," and the types of those colonizing nations that have at one time or place or other left their stamp on our country have been selected to form it. The following lines from Emerson s "The Young American" are inscribed on the arch beneath the group: "There is a sublime and 52 53 54 friendly destiny, by which the human race is guided the race never dying the individual never spared to results affecting masses am ^Tlie medallions on the arches are by Calder and the figures of Pegasus (the mythological winged horse) in the spandrels are by On the free-standing columns are the figures of the Guardian Angel by Leo Lentelli. Along the top of the colonnades is the "Star" by A. Stirling Calder repeated ninety-six times. Forming the friezes on the corner pavilions of the court are the signs of the Zodiac by Hermon A. McNeil; Aries, the Ram; Gemini, the twins; Cancer, the crab; Leo, the lion; Virgo, the maiden; Cap- ricornus, the goat; Aquarius, the water bearer; and Pisces, the fish. 555? Detail of Fountains of Setting Sun and Rising Sun In the Court of the Universe At the eastern end of the sunken gardens is the Fountain of the Rising Sun and at the western the Fountain of the Setting Sun by Adolph A. Weinman. The fountains are topped . respectively by the figure of "The Rising Sun" and the "Setting Sun." The friezes about the bases represent "The Triumph of Light Over Darkness." Mermen and creatures of the sea ornament the bowls and bases of these fountains. The bowls are said to be the largest concrete bowls ever cast. At the tops of the main north and south stairways leading down into the sunken gardens are the four colossal reclining figures repre senting the elements by Robert Aitken: "Fire," "Air," "Earth" and "Water." "Air," crowned with a star, is looking downward to the earth. Fast ened to her wings is a figure representing Man, the suggestion being of man s efforts to fly upon "the wings of wind." "Earth" is sleeping, as are the hidden forces within the world. The fruitfulness of the earth is conveyed by the roots of trees and the 55 Air" "Water" "Fire" The Four Elements In the Court of the Universe, by Robert Aitken 56 Earth" clusters of minerals the wealth that Man struggles to take from the ground. The figure of "Fire" holds a shaft of lightning. About his limbs a salamander writhes. "Water" is represented by the figure of a sea god reclining on the waves. About him are dolphins, other creatures of the deep and sea weed. The dancing, wreath-draped figures, at the top of the east and west stairways are "Music" and "The Dance." Paul Manship is the sculptor. The Column of Progress at the northern end of the Court is the first great sculptured column in the world whose design was inspired by a purely imaginative motif. The only other similar work is the Column of Trajan in Rome. The following description of the column is furnished by the sculp tors: "The unconquerable impulse that forever impels man to strive on, assailing in endless generations and confining barriers of existence, his eternal optimism and stern joy in effort these are the thoughts that have inspired the conception of the Column of Human Progress and that are embodied in its sculptural friezes and crowning group. "The Column itself is a symbol of achievement, and the procession of figures forming the frieze of the pedestal embody in high relief sculpture, the successive generations, born from the teeming Earth, irresistably pressing onward, by devious ways, seeking the golden dreams of Life. This has been executed by Isidore Konti." "Above the capital of the Column, crouching figures of Toilers, for all must toil to win, form the circular frieze that in turn supports the crowning group, representing the supreme moment of Man s prime. This group, as well as the frieze of the Toilers is the work of Hermon A. MacNeil. It is composed of three figures a kneeling woman in fearful expectation, hopeful to applaud success; a guarding male sup porting the central figure of the Man of Purpose, or the Adventurous Bowman, as it is called, launching his shaft at the obscure target of Truth, unseen but to himself, and those of his kin, who, yet to come, shall speed the World of Progress. Inscriptions: Arch of the Setting Sun. Left panel: IN NATURE S INFINITE BOOK OF SECRECY A LITTLE CAN I READ Shakespeare. Center panel: FACING WEST FROM CALIFORNIA S SHORES INQUIRING TIRELESS SEEK ING WHAT IS YET UNFOUND I A CHILD VERY OLD OVER WAVES TO WARDS THE HOUSE OF MATERNITY THE LAND OF MIGRATIONS LOOK AFAR LOOK OFF THE SHORES OF MY WESTERN SEA THE CIRCLE ALMOST CIRCLED Whitman. (The reference is to the Asiatic origin of the Aryan race.) 57 Right panel: TRUTH WITNESS OF THE PAST COUN CILLOR OF THE PRESENT GUIDE OF THE FUTURE Cervantes. Arch of the Rising Sun. Left panel: THEY WHO KNOW THE TRUTH ARE NOT EQUAL TO THOSE WHO LOVE IT Confucius Center panel: THE MOON SINKS YONDER IN THE WEST WHILE IN THE EAST THE GLO RIOUS SUN BEHIND THE HERALD DAWN APPEARS THUS RISE AND SET IN CONSTANT CHANGE THOSE SHIN ING ORBS AND REGULATE THE VERY LIFE OF THIS OUR WORLD Kalidasa (Sanskrit poet). Right panel: OUR EYES AND HEARTS UPLIFTED SEEM TO GAZE ON HEAVEN S RADIANCE Hitomaro (Japanese Poet.) Mural Paintings. Supplementing the general purpose of the Court of the Universe, are the mural paintings in the Arch of the Rising Sun and the Arch of the Setting Sun. The former are by Edward Simmons and the latter by Frank V. Du Mond. Simmons subject is the coming of the Europeans to America, while Du Mond s is the progress of civilization westward. The painting on the south side of the Arch of the Rising Sun rep resents the types that have crossed or attempted to cross the Atlantic. The youthful Spirit of Adventure summons the adventurers on with his trumpet. The figure of the savage, with his hand shading his eyes, represents the men who sailed from the fabled continent of Atlantis in the hope of reaching Yucatan. Sharpening his sword is the Homeric adventurer. Then comes the European explorer (Columbus,) the noble colonist, the priest (the Jesuit,) the artist and the laborer. At the extreme left is the figure of the Future hearkening to the past. In the background are the types of vessels of the explorers of the several epochs. In the panel on the opposite side of the arch the painter has em bodied some of the visions and ideals that lead the adventurers to cross the ocean. The first two figures are "Hope" and "Illusory Hope." The latter drops bubbles which "Adventure," who follows, tries vainly to pick up. In the center are figures representing "Commerce," "The Fine Arts," "Truth" and "Religion." Then comes "Wealth" and a group symbolizing the Family. In the Arch of the Setting Sun on the west side of the Court of the Universe the paintings by Du Mond take up the story of the westward march of civilization in the United States. In both panels Du Mond has painted actual portraits of Americans of note. In the panel on the north side of the Arch is depicted the departure 58 of the Argonauts from their eastern homes. There is a typical New England home with a typical stretch of rocky coast. A young man is taking leave of his family, his face illumined with a vision of the land of promise. Then comes a number of figures representing the stream of people who joined in the westward migrations "with all their goods and chattels." The figure of the preacher is a portrait of William Taylor, a famous preacher who came to California in the early days. Follow ing him is The Pioneer, James Adams, otherwise known as "Grizzly Adams," a judge David Dudley Field, typifying law and order, and then the schoolmistress. Children, typifying the youth of the nation are in the procession. In the forefront, with another group of trav elers, is a figure representing the Call of Fortune, with her trumpet and overflowing cornucopia. The panel on the opposite side of the arch portrays the arrival of the argonauts on the shores of the Pacific. First is seen the Spanish element, the first California settlers. Captain Jaun Bautista de Anza, one of the founders of San Francisco, and Padre Junipero Serra, "the father of the Missions," are in this group. Then follow the figures expressing conquest and enlightenment. In the central group is the painter, William Keith; the literateur, Bret Harte; a sculptor, an architect and a scientist and other figures of pioneers. The panel is concluded with a utilization of the Seal of California, with the figures extending a welcome to those who have crossed the plains. In the background are great orange trees laden with fruit, and extending their hands in greeting are the miner, the fruit-gatherer and the agriculturist, all types of the new land. Gardens. The Court of the Universe is distinguished by a formal sunken garden planted with 8,000 hybrid rhododendrons from Europe. Veronica hedges are used against the buildings, while standard acacias and climbing plants are also in evidence. In the north avenue of the court are hedges of ericas in variety and standard acacias with masses of red azaleas. One of the distinguishing features in the south section of the court is supplied by the lofty Italian cypress trees set against the walls of the buildings and the square-cut cypresses in the niches beneath the tower. VENETIAN COURT Connecting the Court of the Universe with the Court of. the Four Seasons is a small Venetian Court, distinguished by the treatment of the walls of the Palace of Liberal Arts and the Palace of Agri culture, which enclose it on the south and north. The walls are lined with beds of California poppies and banks of variegated evergreens. On the wall of the Arch of the Setting Sun, facing this court, are these inscriptions: Left Panel: THE WORLD IS IN ITS MOST EXCELLENT STATE WHEN JUSTICE IS SUPREME Dante. 59 Center Panel: IT IS ABSOLUTELY INDISPENSABLE FOR THE UNITED STATES TO EFFECT A PASSAGE FROM THE MEXICAN GULF TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN AND I AM CERTAIN THAT THEY WILL DO IT- WOULD THAT I MIGHT LIVE TO SEE IT BUT I SHALL NOT Goethe (Written in 1827). Right Panel: THE UNIVERSE AN INFINITE SPHERE THE CENTER EVERYWHERE, THE CIR CUMFERENCE NOWHERE Pascal (Definition of the universe from "Thoughts"). PALACE OF AGRICULTURE The Palace faces north on the Esplanade between the entrances to the Court of the Universe on the East and the Court of Four Seasons on the west. To the south is the Venetian Court. Architecture. The north facade is the only one that can properly be said to belong architecturally to this palace. Its chief feature is the richly ornamented "Plateresque" entrance, similar to those on the facades of the other north-fronting palaces. The other walls contribute respectively to the Court of Four Sea sons and the Court of the Universe. The building cost $420,000 and covers seven acres. Exhibits. The agricultural department includes within its extensive scope the Palace of Agriculture, the Palace of Food Products, the Redwood Bungalow, the White and Sugar Pine Bungalow, the House of Hoo Hoo, or Lumbermen s Building these three being situated in the Forestry Court to the south of the Palace of Horticulture. The Agriculture department also includes a number of exhibits located in the Livestock Section, to the west of the state and foreign buildings. In the Palace of Agriculture the exhibits are arranged to show the most up-to-date methods in all things incidental to modern intensive agri culture, as it exists, not only in the United States of America, but in all the leading agricultural countries of the world. The area is insufficient to house all these exhibits, therefore the agricultural exhibits from several foreign countries will be found in the national pavilions of these participating nations, as follows: Aus tralia, Bolivia, Guatemala, Honduras, Siam, Sweden. In the Palace, however, will be found the following foreign coun tries exhibits: Argentine Republic, China, Cuba, Japan, New Zealand, Philippines, Uruguay. An extensive exhibit of Philippine agricultural products is just within the south entrance. One should give particular attention and consideration to the products displayed by the different States of the Union, and by the individual manufacturing interests. In these exhibits will be found the most modern productions and equipment of the farm, with all implements to lighten the labor and cheapen the cost of pro duction, together with modern scientific methods of sanitation in the production of foodstuff. Agricultural Outside Exhibits. In the Department of Livestock, west of the State and Foreign buildings, is a large exhibit of silos 60 "The Feast of Sacrifice" By Albert Jaegers, Court of Four Seasons and of agricultural implements, where almost daily demonstrations of the caterpillar tractors are given. The Pacific Coast Condensed Milk Co. s special condensory, south east of the Palace of Fine Arts, is included in this department. THE COURT OF FOUR SEASONS In passing into the Court of the Four Seasons one should pause to observe the frescoes that ornament the vaulted ceilings of the arcade 61 I Fountain of Spring In the Court of Four Seasons 62 over the east and west entrances. The delicate low relief depicts har vest and field scenes and is replete with figures expressive of the title of the court. Architecture. This quiet and classic court has a distinct suggestion of Hadrian s Villa near Rome, in the great half dome at its southern end and in the arrangement of the corner recesses that are set off by double rows of Ionic columns. In the architectural as well as the sculptural decoration of the court are to be found suggestions of the seasonal festivities of the ancients. In the center is a still pool reflecting the beauties of the court. The quiet character of the court is further carried out by the gar dening. Evergreens with grayish foliage are used exclusively. Euca lyptus, olive, pittosporum, crassifolium and lasiandra are the varieties to be found. "Maidenhair" vines hang down from the walls back of the fountains. Sculpture. Surmounting the great niche or half dome is the group of "Harvest" or "Plenty," by Albert Jaegers. On the columns at either side of the half dome are "Rain" and "Sunshine," by the same sculptor. The first is a nymph catching the rain in a seashell. The other is a similar figure holding a palm leaf that shades her from the sun. On the pylons at the north entrance to the court is another group by Jaegers, consisting of a male and a female figure leading a bull, called "The Feast of Sacrifice" an ancient harvest-time fete. In the four corners of the court are the fountains of "Spring," "Sum mer," "Autumn" and "Winter," by Furio Piccirrilli, and in the colon nade associated with each fountain are the seasonal paintings by Milton Bancroft. The arrangement of the colonnades permits the sunlight to play upon the fountains, giving an unusual light effect. "Spring" is the central figure in the fountain of that name, at the right of the half dome. Beside her is a girl bearing the first flowers of the season. The stirring of the world into life again is the idea conveyed. "Summer" shows "a worker with the first harvest of the year. A mother holds up to the father their first born. About the figure of "Autumn" in the next recess are symbols of the rich harvest season the great jug suggesting the vintage and symbols of the festivities with which the season was celebrated in ancient Greece. In the fountain of "Winter" the central figure is Nature, resting. On one side an old man rests from his labors in the field, on the other a young man is sowing for the year to come. In the forecourt is the "Fountain of Ceres," by Evelyn Beatrice Longman. Ceres, the goddess of agriculture and abundance, is extend ing a stalk of corn, a symbol of the harvest, and a crown of leaves. The frieze shows dancing maidens celebrating the Feast of Ceres. Mural Paintings. Milton Bancroft, of New York, has ten canvases in this court. Eight of them are placed over the doorways of colon nades in front of the four fountain niches around the central court. Each season is represented by two paintings, one of the seasonal Pleasures or Pastimes and the other of the seasonal Activities or In dustries. The canvases are respectively entitled "Spring," "Summer," "Autumn" and "Winter." In two side panels of the half dome at the south end of the court are larger vertical compositions. The subject of the painting on the 63 west wall adjoining the Palace of Education is "Man Receiving In struction in Nature s Law." On the east wall adjoining the Palace of Liberal Arts is "The Arts Crowned by Time." Inscriptions. Over west arches: SO FORTH ISSEW D THE SEASONS OF THE YEARE FIRST LUSTY SPRING ALL DIGHT IN LEAVES AND FLOWRES THEN CAME THE JOLLY SOMMER BEING DIGHT IN A THIN SILKEN CASSOCK COLOURED GREENE THEN CAME THE AUTUMNE ALL IN YELLOW CLAD LASTLY CAME WINTER CLOATHED ALL IN PRIZE CHATTERING HIS TEETH FOR COLD THAT DID HIM CHILL Spenser. Over east arches: FOR LASTING HAPPINESS WE TURN OUR EYES TO ONE ALONE AND SHE SURROUNDS YOU NOW GREAT NATURE, REFUGE OF THE WEARY HEART AND ONLY BALM TO BREASTS THAT HAVE BEEN BRUISED SHE HATH COOL HANDS FOR EVERY FEVERED BROW AND GENTLEST SILENCE FOR THE TROUBLED SOUL Sterling. Turning north out of the court, the visitor is confronted with one of the magnificent vistas afforded by the Exposition. The wooded height on the opposite shore of the bay is Belvedere. In the opposite direction through the doorway under the half dome is another of the beautiful Exposition vistas, an ornamental section of the Palace of Horticulture being visible through the opening, as a background for the equestrian statue, "The End of the Trail." THE ESPLANADE Going north through the forecourt one conies to the Esplanade, which extends westward from the ferry slip along the north facades of the Palaces of Mines, Transportation, Agriculture and Food Prod ucts, and through the state section to the Massachusetts Building. At the end of the court the ornamental light standards should be noticed. These are typical of the detail on the monument of Lysicrates at Athens. Emerging on the Esplanade one sees to the left the mas sive walls of the California Building. To the right is the yacht harbor and directly in front is the reproduction of Morro Castle, which stands at the entrance of Havana Harbor, Cuba. The reproduction is used for the battery of 48 searchlights known as the scintillator, which supplies many of the novel features of the illumination. The locomo tive on the opposite breakwater of the Yacht Harbor is also used for illumination effects, its purpose being to supply clouds of steam. 64 L. i Ik JU * t 65 ADMINISTRATION AVENUE Going west on the Esplanade one comes to the north end of the Administration Avenue, whence one may obtain a good view of the California Building, which contains the administrative headquarters and social headquarters of the Exposition as well as the California display section. The architectural motif of this structure is taken from the surviving missions in various parts of California. Within the cloister is a reproduction of the Forbidden Gardens of Santa Bar bara. (See article on gardens.) The hedges which surround this garden and the large trees in front of the main tower of the building were part of the Harbor View Gardens that formerly occupied this site. These and the large eucalyptus at the south end of Administra tion Avenue are the only trees originally on the Exposition site. (For futher information on the California Building see State and Foreign Buildings.) Turning north on Administration Avenue, past the Hawaiian Build ing, one comes to the half dome over the western entrance to the Palace of Food Products, which is called the Portal of Plenty. THE PALACE OF FOOD PRODUCTS At the northwest corner of the main group of palaces is the Palace of Food Products, occupying five and a half acres. Architecture. The principal feature of the north facade is the highly ornamental "Plateresque" portal, reproduced from the cathedral of Salamanca, Spain. The north portals of all four palaces fronting on the Esplanade are the same. On the west of the Palace of Food Products is the massive Roman half dome called "The Portal of Plenty," and on the south, facing the Palace of Education, is a grilled doorway with spiral columns. Sculpture. In the niches of the north portal are the figures of "The Conquistador" (the Spanish conqueror) and two of "The Pirate," by Allen Newman, types of the men who "sailed the Spanish Main" and led the Spanish conquests in America. In the niches along the west wall are repeated "The Triumph of the Field" and "Abundance," by Charles R. Harley. The figures are enthroned as though leading a pageant celebrating the harvest season, and are surrounded by symbols of abundance and the fruitful- ness of the earth. On top of the free-standing columns on either side of the half dome is the figure of "Youth," by Ralph Stackpole. Topping the columns within the half dome is "Physical Vigor," by Earl Cummings. The figure holds a wreath such as crowned the victors in the Olympian games of ancient Greece. Within the half dome is an old Italian fountain. Exhibits. In this palace will be found all of the primary products of the farm reduced to edible form. In all sections of the building are processing exhibits. Here one can see all kinds and classes of cereals, reduced to different grades and kinds of flour and meal, and the prod ucts baked into prepared foods by bakers representing ten different nations. Here also is a small chewing gum manufacturing plant. It is the first time in the history of expositions that chewing gum has been made so that visitors may see how it is done and what it is made from. , The decortication and roasting of coffee, the firing and blending of tea, the manufacture of confections, and numerous other activities of 66 unusual interest to the housewife, or to any one interested in knowing how pure foods are produced and prepared, are among the displays. In this palace will be found exhibits from foreign countries of in tense interest to the visitor. Argentine occupies a large section near the northwest corner, along the west side of the palace. Cuba occupies a large section along the north wall, near the north west corner. Great Britain. The British section will be found to be of intense interest. The principal exhibits are those by individual concerns, who bore the expense of their individual exhibits. Italy shows the products of the leading industries of its great country. Japan has a wonderfully interesting section near the north main entrance. The Netherlands exhibit may be found near the northwest corner, and contains a marvelously interesting display of food products. Portugal, near the north main entrance, has an attractive and inter esting installation of its wines, liqueurs and food products. Interesting food products displays will also be found in the national pavilions of the following mentioned countries: Argentine, Australia, Bolivia, China, Cuba, Guatemala, Honduras, Italy, Japan, The Nether lands, New Zealand, The Philippines, Portugal, Siam, Sweden, Uruguay. A large restroom for women is situated at the south entrance to this palace. This restroom is free, and all are invited to avail them selves of its use. PALACE OF FINE ARTS To the west of Administration Avenue is the Fine Arts Lagoon, separating the Palace-of Fine Arts from the other Exposition palaces. Architecture. This structure with its surroundings presents one of the most remarkable and artistic achievements of the Exposition. The general treatment gives the palace a similarity to the Temple of the Sun at Athens. Much of the detail has been taken from the Choragic monument of Lysicrates, also at Athens. The general effect of the building from a distance is that of an ancient ruin overgrown with vegetation that has sprung up in the course of centuries. This idea has been carried out with success by the landscape department in the treatment of the borders of the lagoon and the building itself. The sections of high hedge about the rotunda are of the same ice-plant, or mesembryanthemum, that com poses the outside wall of the Exposition. Taking advantage of the sequestered position of the building, the architect, B. R. Maybeck, has endeavored to reflect the mood of the visitor, who leaves the building with a feeling of reverence for art. The same idea has actuated the sculptors who have contributed to the ornamentation of the building s exterior. The palace is in the shape of an arc eleven hundred feet in length. The domed rotunda in front of the main entrance is 165 feet in height. Following the line of the building is a Corinthian colonnade. 67 68 At intervals along the wall that traverses the colonnade are many interesting bits of statuary (exhibits in the Fine Arts Department) that are distinct from the Exposition sculpture and that will be found labeled with their titles and the names of the sculptors. (See Fine Arts catalogue.) Sculpture. In front of the rotunda, directly above the waters of the lagoon, is a girlish figure kneeling at the Altar of Art and guard ing the fires of inspiration, the work of Ralph Stackpole. The frieze about the altar is by Bruno Louis Zimm. The figure above the main doorway to the interior of the palace that seems to float in the air is "Inspiration," by Leo Lentelli. Just beneath the dome on the exterior of the rotunda is a- series of classic Greek panels by Bruno Louis Zimm. "The Unattainable in Art" is on the east side. Art is the central figure. Her votaries, on either side, are struggling to reach her, while materialism, in the shape of the centaur, intervenes and hinders their progress. The other panels are "Poetry, or the Triumph of Pegasus," present ing the Greek myth of the winged horse of inspiration, and "The Chariot of Apollo." Panel on rotunda of I of Fine Arts Between the Zimm panels are figures of the Classic Arts by Ulric H. Ellerhusen. The friezes around the flower boxes against the wall of the building and at the base of the rotunda are also by Ellerhusen, as are the fig ures of the "weeping woman" repeated at the corners of the boxes that top the colonnade. With these melancholy, contemplative figures the sculptor has carried out the architect s idea of reflecting the mood of the thoughtful visitor to the collections of art works within the building. At the tops of columns within the rotunda is the repeated "Priestess of Culture," by Herbert Adams. Mural Paintings. The eight panels under the dome are by Robert Reid. The entire scheme, suggested in the four major panels, has to do with the conception and birth of art, its commitment to the earth and its progress and acceptance by the human intellect. The other four panels symbolize the four "golds" of California: the ; gold of the poppy, of the citrus fruits, of the wheat and of the metal. FOR COMPLETE INTERPRETATION OF THE SCULPTURE AND MURAL PAINTINGS SEE "OFFICIAL SCULPTURE BOOK," BY STELLA G. S. PERRY, FOR SALE ABOUT THE GROUNDS AND ELSEWHERE. 70 The panels are lighted from below by the reflected sunlight from the Fine Arts Lagoon. "The "Birth of European Art" is symbolied in the first of the major panels. There are five dominant figures grouped about an altar on which burns the sacred fire. An earthly messenger leans from his chariot to receive in his right hand from the guardian of the flame the torch of inspiration, while with his left hand he holds back his rear ing steeds. In front of these a winged attendant checks for an instant their flight. The central figure, the guardian of the altar, still holds the torch, and below her are three satellites, one clasping a cruse of oil, inother pouring oil upon the altar while she holds in her hand a flam ing brand, ready to renew the flame should it falter, a third zealously watching the fire as it burns. Opposite these, a figure holds a crystal gazing-globe, in which the future has been revealed to her, but her head is turned to watch the flight of the earthly messenger. "The Birth of Oriental Art" is designated in the second panel. The forces of the earth wresting inspiration from the powers of the air are pictured in a contest between a joyous figure in ancient Chinese armor mounted upon a golden dragon combating an eagle (Legend of the Ming Dynasty). A female figure under a huge umbrella repre sents Japan, one of the heritors of the victory of Earth over Air, while on either side are two other Oriental figures in gorgeous attire, sym bolic of the long periods of Oriental Art. The third panel represents the "Ideals in Art." There are seven figures, the Greek ideal of beauty dominating all in a classic nude. Below this Religion is portrayed in a Madonna and Child. Heroism is shown in Jeanne d Arc, mounted on a war-horse and flinging abroad her victorious pennant. A young girl represents youth and material beauty, while at her side a flaunting peacock stands for absolute nature, without ideal or inspiration. A mystic figure in the background holds the cruse of oil. Over all of them floats a winged figure holding a laurel wreath for the victorious living, while a shad owy figure in the foreground holds a palm for the dead. The fourth panel represents the "Inspirations of All Art," five figures symbolizing Music, Painting, Architecture, Poetry and Sculpture. Flying above these are two winged figures, one holding a torch flam ing with the sacred oil that has been brought from the altar, the other drawing back the veil of darknes, revealing the tangible, visible ex pression of Art to mortal eyes. Gardens. Between the columns of the colonnade and along the wall of the building are planted artemisia, Monterey cypress and small eucalyptus. The planting around the lagoon is confined to the natural, such as weeping willows, groups of evergreen shrubs and the like on the small promontories and inlets of the lake. In addition to the large trees 10,000 vinca major, or periwinkle, have been set out with 5,000 violets, 1,000 white calla lilies and 500 yellow calla bulbs. Exhibits. The exhibits of the Department of Fine Arts are divided into a United States Section, a section for each foreign nation officially participating in the Exposition and represented by a commission, an international section, sections for different media, a loan collection, and a number of "one-man" collections. Each of these sections has its subdivisions. (For location of various galleries see map on preceding page.) 71 The United States Section, in the formation of which the Depart ment of Fine Arts sought the co-operation of every American artist, whether at home or abroad, of every art institution in America, and of individual collectors and amateurs generally, consists of an exhibit of works produced by American artists since 1904, which will be eli gible for award at the hands of the International Jury of Awards; of such works by living American artists produced prior to 1904 as it seems desirable to include, which will not be eligible for award, and of a loan collection. In the loan collection, in order that the popular error of supposing that the American artist of today is without ancestry or tradition may be refuted, there is a chronological historical showing of American painting and sculpture covering the period from Colonial and Revolu tionary times down to the years just preceding our own. As this line of descent in this country has been swayed now to the right and now to the left by the influence of foreign schools, and since the foreign sections in this Exposition, as has already been noted, is of today, there is shown also a collection of foreign works (not contemporane ous) arranged by schools, which will make clear what their influence has been upon the fine arts in America and, at the same time, serve as a sort of index to the vast wealth of our public and private col lections. In the case of every foreign section officially represented in the Department of Fine Arts the National Section is under the direct control (subject only to the general rules and regulations of the Ex position) of the Commissioners or National Committees. In the International Section are shown works by artists of the foreign nations not represented by Commissioners or by National Committees; and such works by artists of foreign nations officially represented as may be omitted from their own national sections. The general purpose in the arrangement of the exhibits has been to show tendencies. The "one-man" exhibits include the works of John H. Twachtmann, Edmund C. Tarbell, Edward W. Redfield, Frank Duveneck, Wm. M. Chase, Childe Hassam, Gari Melchers, Alson Clark, John Singer Sar gent, Francis McComas, Arthur F. Mathews, William Keith and Whistler. Special galleries include: Illustration, represented by the works of Howard Pyle; etching and lithography, by Joseph Pennell; pastels by John M. Hamilton; small bronzes, and miniatures. The showing also includes representative works of the futurist, cubist and other ultra-modern schools. The international section includes works of art from all over Europe. Among the distinctive features, as contrasted with the art exhibits at other expositions, are the comprehensive showings of Hungarian, Norwegian and Austrian canvases and sculpture. A supplementary building has been constructed in the rear of the palace to accommodate the large number of exhibits received after the Exposition opened. As an assistance and encouragement to exhibiting artists, the De partment of Fine Arts has organized a sales bureau and most of the works by living artists may be purchased for delivery at the close of the Exposition at studio prices. 72 PALACE OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL ECONOMY This palace is the southwest unit of the main group, its main facades being on Administration Avenue and the Avenue of Palms. The building covers a little less than five acres and cost $304,263. Architecture. The west wall with its great half-dome is Roman, in keeping with the character of the Palace of Fine Arts across the lagoon. The north and south facades present a combination of Byzan tine and Spanish Renaissance. Sculpture. In the tympanum above the main south entrance is the relief panel of "Education," by Gustave Gerlach. At one side a scien- "The End of the Trail" At entrance to Court of Palms, by James Earl Fraser tist is occupied with his researches, at the other a mother is instructing her children, while in the center is the teacher. To the left of the doorway is a panel by Charles Peters, and on the right a panel by Cesare Stea. Both have education for their subject. The figures occupying the niches along the west wall, "The Triumph of the Field" and "Abundance," are the same as those on the west wall of the Palace of Food Products. The figures topping the columns on either side of the half-dome or "Portal of Thought" are of "Youth" by Ralph Stackpole. The figure on top of the columns within the half-dome is "Philosophy" holding the scroll of knowledge. Albert Weinert is the sculptor. Exhibits. The floor space is occupied by displays of the Depart ment of Education and the Department of Social Economy, both of which will be found unusually well planned and arranged and appli- 73 cable to the daily needs of most visitors. In selecting the education exhibits, duplications have been avoided, and each State has specialized on that feature in which it excels. New York s display demonstrates the worth of centralized control. Wisconsin, the first State to incor porate motion pictures in its course of study, shows how films are used in teaching civil engineering. Oregon makes her rural schools the center of interest, and so on through the list. One of the exhibits here is a film course of study, with text book and graphophone, operated in connection with it, arranged by asso ciated firms doing business in the three industries represented. Films play an important part throughout the Exposition, and their possibilities for usefulness in the cause of education is fully shown in the education displays. Court of Palms California has featured school architecture in photographs and models and educational motion pictures showing school facilities and activities. The Philippine Islands have an extensive and interesting exhibit, showing the remarkable educational progress of the islands. In this building also are the child welfare and child labor displays^ made by the United States Government. The social economy offerings were so many and so worthy that space had to be found for some of them in the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy, the Palace of Liberal Arts and the New York City Build ing, where the human welfare features that have been worked out by different industrial organizations are shown in operation. The displays of the Philippine Islands, Argentina, France, China, Japan and Cuba, in the Palace of Education, are complete and compre hensive, and for purposes of comparison will afford the student unusual opportunity. Cost $304,263. COURT OF PALMS East of the Palace of Education and south of the Court of the Four Seasons is the Court of Palms, the fifth and last of the principal Expo sition courts, in the order here presented. The entrance to the court is set off by two towers, 210 feet in height, similar to those at the entrance to the Court of Flowers, at the other end of the main group of palaces. Like the latter, the towers of the Court of Palms were inspired by the Tower of Geralda at Seville. The architectural treatment of the court is Italian, particularly good examples of this architecture being supplied by the three deep portals leading respectively into the Palace of Education on the west, the Palace of Liberal Arts on the east and the Court of the Four Seasons on the north. "The Pursuit of Pleasure" Mural painting by Charles Holloway, in the Court of Palms Encircling the court is a colonnade of Ionic columns. The attic of the court is relieved by a series of winged Caryatides. Above it is a roof of Spanish tile. In keeping with the name of the court, rows of palms in variety have been set out. In the gardens between the central pools and the colonnades are also to be found specimens of chamerops excelsa; color being supplied by wall flowers and Spanish iris. Sculpture. At the entrance to the court is "The End of the Trail," by James Earl Fraser. An Indian rider and his pony, buffeted by the wind, convey a sense of utter weariness. The work may be interpreted merely as a picture of physical exhaustion, or as symbolizing the tragic story of the extinction of the redman. At the tops of the towers is the figure of "The Fairy," by Carl Gruppe. The purely architectural features of the court s sculpture were contributed by Calder, Bateman and Weinert. 75 Murals. The Court of Palms has three mural paintings, semi circular in shape, placed over the doorways leading into the Palace of Liberal Arts, the Palace of Education and the Court of Four Seasons. The north panel is by Arthur Matthews, of San Francisco, and rep resents the "Victory of Culture and the Humanities Over Brute Force." The title of the painting explains the meaning of the figures composing the work. The painting by Charles Holloway is in the eastern lunette and is entitled "The Pursuit of Pleasure." The winged aerial figure repre sents "Pleasure." The other nude figures are mortals engaged in her pursuit, or resting from the pursuit. Truits and Flowers" is the title of the painting by Childe Hassam, in the lunette, over the western doorway. The fruits and flowers themselves are in evidence as well as being symbolized by the chil dren. The sea forms the background, and the general composition of the picture is in consonance with the architecture ana floral decora tion of the court. PALACE OF LIBERAL ARTS The Palace of Liberal Arts adjoins the Tower of Jewels on the west. The main facade of this palace, on the south, is practically identical with that of the Palace of Manufactures on the opposite side of the tower. Its distinguishing feature is the massive Spanish Renaissance portal with its ornamental grill and archway. Above this doorway is repeated the frieze by Mahonri Young, described in connection with the Palace of Manufactures. Exhibits. The building has nearly six acres of floor space, divided into fifteen groups representing more than 400 of the largest domestic and foreign firms. One-fourth of this space is occupied by the United States Government; about one-fifth by the foreign nations, and the rest by domestic exhibitors. The foreign nations exhibiting are Ger many, Japan, Italy, Argentina, Uruguay, Portugal, Netherlands and China. Some of the products in the Liberal Arts classification are also installed in Palace of Machinery, Festival Hall, Agricultural Palace, Varied Industries Palace, the Palace of Manufactures, the Palace of Horticulture, and the Exposition Hospital. The liberal arts include the sciences, philosophy, history and all of the applied sciences. Among the exhibits in this department are typography, books and publications, including dictionaries, encyclopaedias, book binding, maps and apparatus for geography, cosmography, topography, some extremely interesting ideas in maps and the manufacture of paper. Then comes photography, showing all the latest colored pho tograph processes, moving picture machines, equipment of photo graphic studios, etc. Here also are instruments of precision, philosophical apparatus, coins and medals, surveying instruments, astronomical instruments, telescopes, lenses, electrical instruments, optical instruments, marine glasses, calculating machines, registers, testing machines of various description. One of the most interesting features is that covered by medicine and surgery, chemical and pharmacal arts. This includes everything pertaining to medical and surgical instruments, drugs, X-ray machines, foot appliances, artificial limbs, etc., as well as all the chemicals used for various purposes. Musical instruments, including pianos, player-pianos, band instru ments, reed instruments, organs, string instruments, accordions, phono- 76 graphs, talking machines, graphophones and similar devices are shown. Perhaps most interesting of all are the electrical methods of com munication, showing wireless telephones, radio wireless, fire alarm systems, police systems, dictagraph phones, electrical telegraphones, which record conversations on a steel wire, and the long-distance telephone system from New York to San Francisco. Other exhibits include architecture, civil and military engineering, models, plans and designs for public works. PALACE OF HORTICULTURE This palace, the most ornate of the Exposition palaces, marks the western limit of the South Gardens. Architecture. In general the architectural arrangement resembles the Mosque of Ahmed I, in Constantinople. The detail and orna mentation are French Renaissance, while the decorative trellis work is similar to that of the French garden architecture of Louis XIV. The great glass dome is 182 feet in height and 152 feet in diameter. The basket which tops the dome is 100 feet in circumference. The lighting of the dome by searchlights from within supplies one of the most interesting features of the Exposition spectacle at night. The cost of the building was approximately $400,000. Exhibits. The area beneath the dome holds a display of tropical fruits, flowers and palms in exquisite arrangement, the choicest offer ings from many participating nations having been assembled for this display, notable among them being the Cuban palms and fruit trees. The Economical Section, which adjoins the great dome on the west, embraces pomology in all its phases, together with the mechanical appliances used in its production and marketing. All standard varie ties of fruits are shown in their commercial pack, and new and interesting varieties may also be seen. The educational features are particularly interesting, and are made with the idea of presenting the practical handling of all fruits. The model cannery shows all processes, from the receipt of the loose fruit from the orchard until, as canned fruit, it is boxed ready for delivery to the grocer. Microscopists and chemists conduct their laboratories in full view of visitors, showing how they arrive at their results. The orange packing house shows how the loose fruit is received, brushed, labeled, packed and boxed. The seed-packing establishment shews the preparation of the seeds and how they are packed for the market. The dried fruit exhibits in standard commercial packages and in the new family size carton, and the raisin seeding and packing establishment are worthy of considera tion, as well as the operating exhibits of horticultural machinery, spraying devices, etc. As is most appropriate in the State where "plant wizardry" first gained recognition, there are displays of many new varieties. In the Horticulture Gardens, south and west of the palace, which embrace floriculture and arboriculture, will be found exhibits illus trating the improvement of variety through seed selection, the creation of new varieties through plant hybridization, and the origination of new species through the Mendelian theory of segregatio n. The benefit of expert cultural methods will also be shown, and an interesting fea ture will be found in a number of exhibits which are made by the originators of a particular fruit or flower. The International Rose Contest, participated in by the leading rose originators of the world, will be found in Block 18. A description of the outdoor horticulture exhibits will be found under the head of "Gardens" in this Guide. 77 LIVE STOCK SECTION. The Department of Live Stock occupies sixty-five acres west of the State Buildings. The buildings for housing the exhibits in this department and for its executive offices number fifteen, and were erected at a cost of $150,000, exclusive of the cost of the mile race track. These buildings are grouped about the central forum or judging ring in such a manner that animals may be led directly from their stalls into the arena. The ca pacity of the buildings is such that more animals are accommodated in fewer buildings than at previous Expositions. These buildings are at tractive in design and have been built for exhibition purposes and not on the lines of the farm utility plan formerly used. The executive offices have been built in bungalow form fronting the Congress Hall. This hall is provided as a meeting-place for forty-six live stock associations which will hold meetings and congresses during the Exposition period. It is equipped with a moving picture apparatus showing scenes taken from the live stock and agricultural activities of different countries. A model modern barn has been constructed especially for dairy cattle. Adjacent to the dairy cattle barn are eight silos of different types of manufacture, erected as containers for corn and other silage to be used in connection with the feeding problems relating to dairy production. Live Stock Events. Many contests and special events have been provided for in the Live Stock section. The International Egg Laying Contest participated in by six hundred hens of different breeds and representing a number of Canadian Provinces and different sections of Great Britain in addition to many States of the Union, will continue for one year following November 23rd, 1914; the Polo Tournament of six weeks duration, on a specially prepared field located within the infield of the Race Track; a special Society Horse Show, in which liberal cash prizes and trophies are offered, will be held beginning October 2nd; Cavalry events with suitable trophies for officers and cash prizes for enlisted men; sheep dog trials; police dog trials, and other various events of interest to the dog lover; a sheep-shearing contest, and wool-grading contest. A harness meeting will be held on October 30th to November 13th, for a total of $227,000 in purses and stakes with four races of $20,000 each. Exhibits. The competition for premiums on recognized breeds of Live Stock will begin on September 30th and close on December 3rd. In addition to the provisions made for the competition for premiums there are maintained in the barns of the Department of Live Stock a number of animals representing different breeds and also utility ani mals, and these are for a permanent or educational exhibit. Among the horses the Percherons, Shires, Arabians, thoroughbreds and standard breds are represented by excellent individuals. Holstein- Friesian cattle are displayed for both breed characteristics and their utility value. The American Berkshire Association maintains a herd of well-selected Berkshire swine of both sexes and different ages in order that interested parties may see the development of these animals. In the corrals of the department is installed one of the most valu able educational exhibits in the display of a utility herd of beef pro- 78 ducing animals. Shorthorns, Aberdeen-Angus and Herefords are shown in order that the type and characteristics of these several breeds may be studied, while in contrast with them may be seen American "Natives" and Mexicans of no breeding and of small utility value. There is also maintained a utility show of sheep. A large display of dogs of all nations occupies the space devoted to this purpose, and this will be supplemented by a series of sheep dog trials, police dog trials and other exhibitions showing the utility value of the dog as well as his training. In the Poultry Building, in addition to the International Egg Laying contest, are numerous varieties of poultry showing the result of the breeder s art. These birds are bred not for egg production so much as for breeding purposes. In the same building may be found several varieties of pheasants, varieties of Bantams, a pigeon exhibit, the curious Japanese Bantams or Silkies, and the wonderful long-tailed Japanese fowl, one of which has tail feathers measuring nearly twelve feet in length, and about 1,000 pigeons of different varieties. Daily instruction is given in this building in the methods of handling poultry, pigeons and pheasants, as well as in the candling of eggs. In a specially prepared home in the poultry building is housed a number of racing homing pigeons, which are in training for long dis tance speed races to take place this Fall. VIEWS AND VISTAS OF TI}E EXPOSITION. One of the most beautiful features of the Exposition and one that came as a surprise with the completion of the Palaces and Courts is the beauty of the classic vistas that were presented with the waters of San Francisco Bay and the Marin County hills as a background, and the colonnades of the Courts as a frame for the pictures. Following locations afford the most advantageous views: From either end, looking along the Avenue of Palms. From the North side of the Court of The Ages (Abundance), looking North across the Bay. From the South- side of the Court of the Universe, looking North across the Bay. Angel Island in the distance. From the center of the Court of the Universe, looking South throu^L the arch of the Tower of Jewels toward the hills of the city. From the North side of the Court of the Four Seasons, looking North across the Bay. Belvedere in the distance. From the North side of the Court of The Four Seasons, looking South through the doorway in the great half dome at its Southern side, which reveals the equestrian statue "The End of the Trail," with a portion of the Palace of Horticulture framed in the background. From the South Gardens through the arch of the Tower of Jewels to the North across the Court of the Universe. Note how the blue of mural paintings by Dodge, on the sides of the arch, match the blue of the sky on a clear day. From the juncture of the Avenue of Palms and the Avenue of Pro gress, looking North. Angel Island is seen across the Bay. Through the Marin County Display in the California Building. From the South side of the Court of Palms, looking North through the Court of the Four Seasons toward the Bay. Some of the best views of the Exposition are afforded from the hills of the city to the South. A climb to the Presidio hills, back of the Foreign section, will be rewarded with a magnificent sweep of the Exposition. State and Foreign Buildings and Participation. Twenty-eight States and Territories of the United States and twen ty-two foreign nations are represented at the Exposition by buildings. Other States and foreign countries are participating in the Expo sition either officially through their respective governments or unoffi cially through manufacturers, merchants or individuals, and will be found represented only in the exhibit palaces. It is a notable fact that the general participation in the Exposition was not diminished by the European war, on the contrary, in a number of instances notably in the cases of Argentina, France, and Japan the extent of participation was considerably increased after the war commenced. The United States has erected no building of its own, but has ex pended more than $500,000 in presenting the largest single display of any Nation at any Exposition. This is distributed among the several Palaces. Detailed lists of exhibitors will be found in the Official Catalogue of Exhibits. The area devoted to the State and Foreign Buildings is West of the Palace of Fine Arts and East of the Live Stock Section. (See map under front cover.) NATIONS REPRESENTED. The following Nations are represented at the Exposition: Argentina, Austria, Australia, Bolivia, Belgium, Canada, Cuba, China, Denmark, France, Greece, Guatemala, Great Britain, Germany, Honduras, Hol land, Italy, India, Japan, Luxemberg, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Persia, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Siam, Spain, Turkey, Uruguay. The State and Foreign Pavilions are open from 9:00 A. M. to 5:00 P. M. Brief descriptions of the interesting exterior and interior features of the several buildings that ornament the State and Foreign Section, and an outline of the participation of each of the States and Nations, follow: Argentine. On the Esplanade directly to the West of the Nether lands Building is the Argentine Pavilion, one of the handsomest structures on the Exposition grounds. The style of the architecture is French Renaissance. Within its walls and directly in the center of the building is a spacious motion picture theater where lectures with film pictures, relating to the various sections of the Argentine Republic and their resources are given daily by representatives of that great country. On the lower floor are various reception rooms, and surrounding the theater on both the upper and lower floors, are a number of diaramas. These show the natural beauties of the rich country and the social and commercial importance of Buenos Aires. The earnestness with which Argentina entered into the spirit of the Exposition can be realized when it is recited that the government ap propriated $1,700,000 for its participation. More than 5,000 exhibits have been installed in the pavilion and the various exhibit Palaces. The Argentine Republic exports more chilled meat and more corn than any other Nation, in wheat she is second only to Russia, and in 80 wool second only to Australia. Particular attention has been paid to cattle and sheep, which form a large part of the country s live stock exhibit. The tremendous diversity of agricultural life is displayed by Argentina s farmers in more than 9,000 square feet of floor space in the Palace of Agriculture. This is devoted mainly to the exhibits of corn and wheat. A large space in the Palace of Education has been devoted to the exhibits showing marked activity and progress in social economy. Ar gentina s system of compulsory voting, management of government- owned railways, tram systems, parcel post and other public utilities are also shown in this Palace. In addition are shown model schools for which the Government last year appropriated $60,000,000. Immi- Argentine Building gration and the paternal treatment of immigrants is the subject of a special exhibit. Under this system immigrants are treated on ar rival as Government guests and lodged in the Government hotels until they can be placed in trade or at the labor for which each is best suited. After being properly classified they are given employment, transported to their destination free of charge and in many instances are provided with land, stock and agricultural implements, for which payments are made in small yearly installments. More than 6,000 square feet of floor space has been utilized by Ar gentina in the Palace of Mines, where are exhibited many minerals in which the soil of that country is rich. In the Palace of Varied In dustries a similar amount of space is devoted to the various manufac tured products in which the country specializes. A fortune in paintings, sculpture, bronzes and art work of the highest order are exhibited in the Palace of Fine Arts. 81 The Exposition Commission of Argentine was selected from pro gressive and representative citizens of that country and these commis sioners held weekly sessions for more than a year at which the sub ject matter of exhibits was thoroughly discussed. This has caused the Argentine exhibits to be of a most comprehensive range and excelled by no other nation. Australia. The Australian Pavilion adjoins the Presidio entrance to the Exposition at the terminal station of the Union Street cars. Each of the three entrances is adorned with ornamental panels illus trating the flora and fauna of Australia. The exhibits are entirely representative of the natural resources and primary products of Australia, which have been displayed with a well carried out intention of allowing everything to be seen in the form in which it takes its place in the commerce of the country and of the world. Agricultural and pastoral industries, timber in the rough and manufactured, every sort of mineral and a valuable collection of gems, including the famous New South Wales black opals, a large assortment of refrigerated produce and fruit, and a valuable lot of aboriginal and other curios are embraced in the collection. Bolivia. The architectural features of the Bolivian Building, near the center of the Avenue of Nations, are symbolical of the history of Bolivia. The pylons at the entrance reproduce two monoliths found in the Tihuanacu ruins. Near the top of the monoliths the god Vira- cocha is shown, crowned and sceptered. The doorway is a copy of the great doorway of the church at San Lorenzo, in Potosi. Within the building is a great courtyard modeled after the patio of the Casa Real de Moneda, the ancient Mint of Potosi. In the court is a model of the fountain still standing in the Mint. In the rooms sur rounding the courts are exhibits of Bolivian wines, mineral waters, embroideries and agricultural products. The walls of the rooms are adorned with skins of alpaca, llama, vicuna and jaguar. One room is devoted to food products, Bolivian timber and the cloths woven by Bolivian Indians. Canada. The architecture of the Canadian Building is a combina tion of the Neo-Greek and Colonial styles. The main entrance dis closes a lobby, splendidly decorated. The first recess to the left con tains a large panoramic map of Canada and relief models of the water-powers of the country. Then comes the several sections com prising agriculture, horticultural, minerals, fish and game, water and railroad transportation. China. China, like Japan, has erected a- group of buildings rather than a single structure for her representation at the Exposition. These are enclosed by a miniature of the Great Chinese Wall and are separated by Chinese gardens. The trees and shrubbery were brought from China, as were the sections of the buildings which were assem bled and erected on the grounds. Some of the dwarf trees in the gardens are hundreds of years old. The group reproduces a portion of the Forbidden City of Peking. The center pavilion is an exact model of the Tai-Ho Palace, built in the Tsing Dynasty, and now used by the President for the reception of all foreign diplomats. The two pavilions at the side are modeled from the so-called "Pen Palace" which serves, in Peking, as a waiting room for high officials who have audiences with the President. 82 One of the Chinese Buildings (top), the Cuban Building, the Norwegian Building, the Danish Building, and a corner of the Japanese Gardens (bottom). 83 Within the pavilions are almost priceless collections of hand carved furniture, carved woods, paintings, screens, cloisonne ware and objects of Chinese art. The Chinese exhibits proper are- distributed among the Palaces of Varied Industries, Fine Arts, Liberal Arts, Mines, Food Products, Transportation and Education. Cuba. The Cuban Building is typical of the palatial hacienda-s of the Cuban plantations. The structure may be readily distinguished by its pinkish color and high square tower that terminates the West ern vista along the Avenue of Palms. Within the building is a spacious patio decorated with potted plants and native Cuban shrubbery. A portion of the first floor is given over to the educational and industrial exhibits for which there was insuffi cient room in the Palace of Education and the Palace of Varied In dustries. The building is intended, however, more for reception than exhibit purposes. Denmark. The Danish Building has been erected by the Danish- Americans. The motifs used are mostly taken from Danish castles of the Renaissance period. The interior is furnished as a modern rich Danish home, with costly furniture and paintings borrowed from the National Museum of Art at Copenhagen. Of special interest is a copy of the famous Icelandic Legend accounting for the first dis covery of America by the Icelanders. On either side of the entrance a large stone has been placed. The left is a copy of the memorial stone which King Harald placed on the grave of his father, King Gorm, the first historical King of Denmark and his mother, Queen Thyra. The stone on the right side explains that the Danish-Americans have erected the Denmark Building. France. Located on the Avenue of the Nations, immediately to the West of the Japanese Gardens, is the French Building. The struc ture is a reproduction of the Palais de la- Legion d Honneur, in Paris. The building fronts upon a spacious garden and contains some of the most interesting exhibits and relics that could be collected in France. Gobelin tapestries and goods belonging to the Mobilier Na tional are shown, as are exhibits of the French Theater, showing mod els of the leading actors and actresses. One room contains souvenirs of Balzac, Victor Hugo and Renan, while another contains exhibits of architecture. One room is given over completely to a library of modern French literature especially selected for the American public. There are also large exhibits of French railroad companies, showing scenic points of France. Dresses, earthenware, jewels and porcelains are shown by private exhibitors. Part of the French Building has been assigned to Belgium, and con tains interesting exhibits of old and modern laces. Greece. The Greek Building, located just within the Presidio en trance, was constructed after the Exposition opened. The structure is typical, architecturally, of the country it represents, and is well set off with terraced gardens. The main feature of the interior of the building is the sculpture gallery, occupying most of the main floor space, where is to be seen a magnificent showing of ancient and modern Greek works of art. 84 Guatemala. The Gautemala Pavilion is located to the West of the Inside Inn. near the Baker Street entrance. The building is charac teristic of the architecture of Guatemala, the details having been suggested by the Palace of "La Reforma" in the City of Guatemala. The interior of the building is divided into two sections. The first lioor is used for receptions and moving pictures. The second floor is devoted entirely to exhibits. Honduras. The Honduras Building is situated near the Southern boundary of the Foreign section of the grounds, between the Lyon Street entrance and the Presidio entrance. Among the exhibits particular attention is given to the mineral and timber resources of the Republic, and there are also displays of pre cious stones, fruits, medicinal plants, sugar, alcohol, wines, coffee, rubber, sarsaparilla and the like. Italy. A group of eight buildings represents the Kingdom of Italy. Three of the group are considered the main buildings, yet all of them contain exhibits of interest. None of the buildings is modeled from any particular structure, but the -architect has undertaken to show the characteristic Italian architecture of the 13th, 15th, and 16th centuries. The exhibits are mainly artistic, including painting, sculptures, tapestry and furniture, although the Italian Government is well rep resented with an industrial and educational exhibit. Other Italian ex hibits will be found in the several Exhibit Palaces. Japan. Japan has built a series of characteristic structures sur rounded by four acres of gardens, just to the West of the Band Con course. Here are tea houses and exhibit buildings containing a reproduction of the Nikko Shrines and a tableau illustrating the seri- cultural industry of Japan and the Government Pavilion for the use of His Imperial Japanese Majesty s Commission to the Exposition. The gardens consist of shrubs and plants brought across the Pacific especially for the Exposition. Interesting as the Japanese gardens and pavilions are, they consti tute the minor portion of the country s participation in the Exposi tion, very extensive exhibits having been installed in the Exposition Palaces of Manufactures, Agricultural, Food Products, Mines and Metallurgy, Liberal Arts, Education and Social Economy, Transpor tation and Fine Arts. The exhibit in the last mentioned palace in cludes many objects loaned from the Emperor s private collection. The Netherlands. Immediately West of the Palace of Fine Arts is the Netherlands Pavilion, which is modeled after one of the historic manor-houses of Holland. The exhibit section of the building is divided into three parts, namely: A. The Netherlands division. B. The West Indies division, which is devoted to Curacao and Suriname. C. The East Indies di vision, which is devoted to the different possessions of the Nether lands in the East Indies. In the rear is located a "Java Tea Room." In addition the Netherlands have separate exhibits in the Palaces of Fine Arts, Pure Foods, Varied Industries, Transportation, and Liberal Arts, besides having a magnificent horticultural display in the "Neth erlands Gardens," situated at the Baker Street entrance of the Expo sition grounds, opposite the Inside Inn. 85 New Zealand. The New Zealand Pavilion is situated to the South of the Avenue of Nations. Within the building a large number of plants indigenous to New Zealand are displayed. There are also displayed the woolen shawls or rugs in which New Zealand is pre-eminent, the wool from which these rugs are manu factured, prepared food products, resins, woods suitable for furniture and cabinet work, specimens of the birds, pictures illustrative of scenery and of developments in argiculture, shooting trophies, and specimens of the Tuatara Lizards, the living representatives of a rep tilian family extinct in other countries. The participation of New Zealand is principally associated with primary products. For this reason the main display is in the Palace of Agriculture. Siamese Building Reproduction of royal pavilion at Bangkok Norway. The Pavilion of Norway is situated near the Presidio entrance, and is typically Norwegian in design and appointment. While the building does not reproduce any particular edifice in Norway, it may be said to represent in its general features a Chiefs Castle in the middle ages. The exhibits show Norway s shipping and industrial activities, the progress of the former being impressively set forth with models of the different types of vessels, from the Viking period to the present day. In the assembly room there are shown motion pictures of Nor wegian industries, scenery and sports. 86 Panama. Located to the West of the Inside Inn, in the Southern portion of the foreign area is the Panama* Building. The structure is of characteristic Spanish-American architecture and contains a number of representative exhibits. The building is also used as reception headquarters. Portugal. The Portuguese Pavilion is one of the most distinctive of the edifices in the State and Foreign Section. The architecture is of the "Manuelino Style," being characteristic of the golden age of Portuguese exploration and discovery, during which period many of the famous Portuguese cathedrals were erected. Within are to be found many objects of historical interest, while the main hall is given over to enlarged photographs and views of build ings and scenes in Portugal. Elaborate displays are made by this Republic in the Palaces of Fine Arts, Varied Industries and Liberal Arts. Siam. Siam is represented at the Exposition by an exact copy of the royal pavilion now within the precincts of the Maha Chakkri Palace at the capital of the kingdom. The structure was erected in Siam, "knocked down" and brought to the Exposition in boxed sec tions. Siamese art, with its originality of design and beautiful coloring, is well displayed by this building. The exhibits within the pavilion com prise a series illustrating the educational progress of the country, samples of its staples such as rice, timber, cotton, gums, silk fabrics, rubber, tobacco, dyes, tannins, spices, fibres, paper plants and speci mens of mineral ores, as well as examples of craftsmanship in silver and lacquer. The transportation system of the country with its 600 miles of rail road and 400 miles of cart road, as well as picturesque customs in the life of the country s people, are also shown within the building. In the preparation of the country s exhibit active interest was manifested by the sovereign, King Somdetch Phra Paramindra Maha Vajira- wudh Mongut Klao, son of the famous King Chulalongkorn. Sweden. The Swedish Building, located on the South side of the Avenue of Nations, js of distinctive Swedish architecture of the Fif teenth Century. The building, which was designed by Ferdinand Boberg, constitutes one of the most striking and interesting features of the Exposition. Its principal distinguishing features are the great square tower, the parti-colored roof and the court yard. The roof furnishes a pleasing note of variety in the architectural mosaic of the structures that compose the Foreign Section of the Exposition. Entering the building one finds a wealth of exhibits representing every important industry of the nation. To the right of the entrance to the portico are the ofHces of the Swedish Commissioners and the general information bureau. On the right side of the main hall a number of models of the railway systems of Sweden. On the left is the Navigation exhibit, illustrating the remarkable pilotage and marine signal system, which makes safe the navigation of Sweden s many miles of rugged coast. Extending the entire length of the right side of the building are a series of rooms containing the following exhibits: varied industries, steel products, cutlery, agriculture, wood products and statistics. To the left of the entrance and behind the Navigation exhibit are the rooms devoted to sports and education. A spacious lecture hall forms a part of the extreme left side of the building, and in the immediate front of this portion arc the social rooms and the rooms devoted to art craft and porcelain. 87 In the rear of the main hall, which is in the center of the building, is the exhibit of the Nobel Foundation This consists of a number of bronze busts of Swedish notables, and some of the winners of the prizes given by the Foundation. A series of photographs completes this display. Five Nobel prizes, each amounting to many thousands of dollars, are awarded annually to the individuals who have made the most dis tinguished contributions to physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and towards the furtherance of peace. This Foundation is one of the strongest single influences in the world for mankind s progress. Swedish Building The Swedish display was assembled by the Royal Swedish Exposi tion Commission. Its general purpose is to show the economic and social institutions of the country, the activities of the Royal Govern ment in such directions as the management of the State railroads and the administration of water power stations, as well as to exhibit the commercial activities and resources of Sweden. The principal exhib its are accompanied by profuse illustrations in the shape of models, maps, photographs and statistics. One of the most comprehensive exhibits is devoted to the steel industry of the country, and is accom panied by a quantity of industrial machinery and various steel pro ducts. The Swedish exhibit is a thorough and comprehensive display of the country s interesting features. Its value as an Exposition spectacle is further enhanced by the fact that it is all contained beneath the roof of one spacious building. The one exception to this plan was 88 made in the case of the Art exhibit, which is to be found in the foreign section of the Palace of Fine Arts. Here is to be seen a splen did collection of the works of Swedish artists. Particular attention is paid by the Swedish commission to the free distribution of free trade information. A bureau is maintained for the purpose where any inquiry regarding the commercial relations be tween Sweden and other countries, with particular reference to the United States and the Pacific Coast, will find ready answers. Turkey. The Ottoman Empire has erected a typical .Turkish Pa vilion at the Exposition with characteristic dome, minarets and spires. It stands just to the West of the Palace of Fine Arts. Adjoining the main building is a reproduction of a mosque, from which a corridor leads to the "prayer tower." The display within the building is one of the most costly at the Exposition, the actual value of the exhibits being more than $1,500,000. The display consists of rugs, paintings, silks, jewels, carvings, and a wealth of Oriental objets d art. Altogether the display is the most extensive that has ever been made of Oriental fabrics outside of the Turkish Empire. Participating Foreign Nations Not Represented by Buildings: (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Great Britain, India, Luxemberg, Per sia, Spain, Switzerland, Uruguay.) Austria. The war has not deterred Austria from a general repre sentation of manufactures in the Palace of Varied Industries. Glass ware, arts and crafts, and the finer manufactured articles will be found among the Austrian exhibits, as well as a notable collection of paintings in the Fine Arts Palace. Balkan States. Industries, native customs and huts, the famous Royal China Crystal Set; also a reproduction of the Church of Bucharest, where the Treaty of Peace, after the Balkan States War, was signed August, 1913, are on display at this exhibit in the Palace of Varied Industries. Belgium. Displays by Belgium will be found in the reproduction of the Palace of the Legion of Honor, France having offered to the war-invested nation the use of space in the French National Pavilion. Famous canvases from Belgium will be found in the Palace of Fine Arts. Germany. Germany will be found particularly well represented in the Liberal Arts Palace with the finer products of manufactures and in chemicals, dye stuffs and photographic improvements. Germany is also well represented in the Palace of Varied Industries and Food Products, while German art is splendidly revealed in the work of forty German artists in the Palace of Fine Arts. In the Palace of Liberal Arts Germany has an exhibit of mesotho- rium that is at once the smallest and the most valuable exhibit at the Exposition. This specimen of the newest derivative of radium is valued at $300,000. Germany s participation in the Exposition is unofficial. Great Britain. Great Britain is not participating officially in the Exposition, but through her manufacturers she is represented by large areas in the various Exhibit Palaces. One of the chief exhibits is to be found in the Palace of Transportation, where especial attention is given to her maritime interests. Potteries, Sheffield ware, textiles, and numerous industrial products are shown in the Palace of Manu factures; foodstuffs in the Palace of Food Products, and an extensive showing of fine arts, including forty Whistler paintings, in the Palace of Fine Arts. Nearly all of the important British possessions are represented of ficially, and details of their participation will be found under tht proper headings in this guide. India. India s participation, while not official, is typical of the life and manners of this great British dependency; antiques, jewels, silks and tapestries being found on exhibition in the Palace of Varied Industries. Luxemberg. The Duchy of Luxemberg is represented at the Ex position by a number of exhibits of perfumes, jewelry, chinaware, laces and embroideries, in the Palace of Varied Industries. Persia. Although Persia has no individual building, that country is officially represented in the elaborate and costly exhibits of the tapestries, rugs, carpetings, and rare fabricated articles for which this nation is famous. These exhibits are to be found in the Palace of Varied Industries. Spain. Spain is represented in the Palace of Varied Industries, Food Products, and the Palace of Manufactures. The exhibits consist of shoes, clothing, perfumes, and other manufactured goods. Spain has a number of fine canvases on exhibit in the Palace of Fine Arts. Switzerland. The Palace of Varied Industries contains an inter esting exhibit by Swiss manufacturers of articles for which that nation is particularly noted, including Swiss watches. The Swiss-American Auxiliary of San Francisco has been co-operating actively with the Swiss Government and the result has been a comprehensive selection of displays and exhibits. Uruguay. The Republic of Uruguay has no special building in the Foreign Section of the Exposition, owing to the postponement of her decision to participate until a short time before the Exposition opened. In the several exhibit buildings, however, there has been presented a comprehensive showing of the riches and development of that country. In the Palace of Fine Arts is a collection of the works of Uruguay s artists. In the Palace of Education is shown the progress in culture that Uruguay has made in comparison with the other South American Republics. In the same building also her social economy exhibit re veals the progressive trend of her legislation. In the Palace of Lib eral Arts is demonstrated the work of her men of science. Exhibits are also made in the Palaces of Mines and Metallurgy, or Agriculture and of Varied Industries, to show the richness of the resources of the country and the methods of promoting their development. THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. In all, 192,000 square feet of floor space, nearly four and a half acres, is allotted to the United States Government exhibits in the various Palaces. All of them have the characteristic Government in stallation a heavy gray balustrade surmounted by ornamental posts which bear gilded eagles and banners of bunting with the National colors. Nine of the ten Executive Departments and seven separate Govern ment organizations are represented in the exhibit. It was intended to include every activity of the Government which is capable of ob jective representation. As far as practicable the actual work of the several organizations is shown, and the persons in charge of the exhibits are men who are regularly engaged in that work. Purposes, methods and results are set forth as fully and as attractively as may be; and every effort is made to show what the Government is, what it does, and what the re- 90 lations are between the citizen and the Government which he has a share in maintaining. The location of the exhibits is as follows: U. S. GOVERNMENT EXHIBITS. In the Palace of Liberal Arts, one-fourth of the space, more than 66,000 square feet, is occupied by Government exhibits, as follows: Department of State. Department of the Treasury. Bureau of Public Health Service; Supervising Architect s Office; Department of War. Medical Corps, U. S. Military Academy (West Point) ; De partment of the Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, U. S. Naval Academy (Annapolis), and other educational institutions; Department of the Interior. Office of Secretary National Parks, General Land Office, Office of Indian Affairs, Reclamation Service; Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census, Foreign and Domestic Commerce. Bureau of Standards, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Bureau of Naviga tion; Smithsonian Institution. National Museum; Government Printing Office, Civil Service Commission, The Panama Canal, The Commission of Fine Arts, American National Red Cross, Library of Congress, Motion Picture exhibit. In the Palace of Education are: Department of the Interior. Bu reau of Education; Department of Labor. Bureau of Immigration, Bureau of Naturalization, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Children s Bu reau. In the Palace of Agriculture are the exhibits of the U. S. Depart ment of Agriculture, comprising: Biological Survey, Bureau of Soils, Office of Experiment Stations, Bureau of Animal Industry, Bureau of Chemistry, Weather Bureau, Bureau of Plant Industry, Forest Service. In the Palace of Transportation is a model railway post-office, fully manned with clerks conducting the work ordinarily performed on moving trains. In the Palace of Machinery are the following Government exhibits: Department of the Treasury. Coast Guard (Revenue Cutter Service); Department of War; Department of the Navy; Department of Agri culture. Office of Public Roads; Department of Commerce. Bureau of Lighthouses; Motion Picture exhibit. In the Palace of Mines are: Department of the Treasury. The Mint, Bureau of Engraving and Printing; Post Office Department; Department of the Interior. Geological Survey, Bureau of Mines, Alaska, Motion Picture exhibit. In the Palace of Food Products is a large and attractive exhibit of the Bureau of Fisheries of the Department of Commerce. States and Territories Represented. The following States and Territories are represented: Arkansas, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Philippines, Porto Rico, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Washington. Minnesota and South Dakota are represented unofficially. New York City is the only municipality represented by a building. Arkansas. On the Avenue of States, immediately to the East of the Live Stock Section, is the combined Arkansas and Oklahoma Building. The building is designed chiefly as a clubhouse and for social pur poses, the exhibits of the State being distributed among the several Exhibit Palaces. 91 California. For article on the California Building and its counties see after State Buildings. Hawaii. The Hawaiian Building is located at the edge of the Fine Arts Lagoon, at the North end of Administration Avenue. Idaho. On the first floor of the Idaho Building are the reception room, the offices, and the moving picture hall. On the upper floor are the rooms for the educational exhibit. Idaho also has a moving picture show, displaying scenic and industrial features of the State which will be exhibited from time to time during the Exposition. Illinois. The South frieze of the Illinois Building represents the Spirit of Illinois, with the meeting of the white man and the red man; that on the North symbolizes the progress Illinois has made in the arts and sciences. At the end of the East corridor the Lincoln Memorial Room is reached. The display of Lincolnalia here is priceless and was pre pared under the auspices of the Illinois State Historical Society. On the second floor, at the West end, is a large Recital Hall, in which is located a pipe-organ especially constructed for the building. Indiana. At the gore of the Avenue of Nations and the Avenue of States is located the Indiana Building, Queen Anne in type, repre senting a clubhouse of the early English period, with its spacious porches and old hickory furniture. All of the construction materials are Hoosier products. Upon the library shelves -will be found the representative works of Indiana authors. Iowa. The Iowa State Building is designed to present a comfort able and home-like appearance. A large, comfortable lounging room occupies the center of the first floor. To the left of this rest room (as one enters), are the ladies rest room and the gentlemen s smoking room. To the right is the moving picture room, where Iowa s resources and beauty spots are shown. There are no exhibits in the building. It is merely a rest place and meeting place for lowans. Kansas. The Kansas State Building is of Colonial style. The interior decorations are Colonial, and the edifice is used as a club house and reception headquarters for that State. Writing and rest rooms are provided for guests and the offices of the Kansas Building Officials are on the second floor. Louisiana. The sugar industry of Louisiana is the principal feature of the exhibits by this State, all stages in the industry being repre sented. Particular attention is given also to the work of experimental stations in the Palace of Agriculture. This State has no building. Maryland. The Maryland Building is a reproduction of "Home- wood," the old estate of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, located in North Baltimore, and built in the year 1802. The interior of the building is divided into the Colonial and Revo lutionary Period rooms, which, with the reception halls, contains the Historical exhibit. The two rear rooms contain the Geological ex hibit and the Baltimore City room. The left wing contains the apart- me^s of the official family, and East wing kitchen, dining room, etc. Massachusetts. The Massachusetts Building is a reproduction, on a two-thirds scale, of the so-called Bullfinch front of the Massachu setts State House on Beacon Hill, Boston. The building, located at the intersection of the Avenue of Nations and the Esplanade, is conspicuously indicated by its lofty golden dome. 92 The building has three floors. On the first is the motion picture theater. On the second floor is a reproduction of the Doric Hall of the State House in Boston. On the third floor is a large reception hall, a Colonial tea room, and antique room; also four Colonial bedrooms, two of which are known as the Governor s Suite. The only exhibits in the building are four cases of old manuscript of historical interest, located in the Doric Hall section. The Massachusetts exhibits proper are in the Palaces of Education and Agriculture, and in the Horticultural Gardens, while there are private exhibits of the resources and industries of the State in the Palaces of Machinery, Manufactures, Varied Industries, Transporta tion, Liberal Arts and Food Products. The State is also splendidly represented in the Palace of Fine Arts. Minnesota. Industrial exhibits from Minnesota are placed in the various exhibit palaces. A particular feature of this State s participa tion is the agricultural experiment station work in botany, bacteriol ogy, vegetable pathology, forestry and rural engineering. Attention also is paid to the resources of Minnesota in the Great Northern Building, situated to the North of the Palace of Machinery, as the State has no building of its own. Mississippi. The Mississippi Building reflects the best type of Mississippi residential architecture, but does not copy any particular structure. It is distinguished by a large semi-circular portico in front, with twelve Ionic columns, and a pergola at either end of the building. On the first floor the rooms, both to the right and left of the lobby, are utilized for the display of exhibits of the agricultural and forestry resources of the State particularly. A motion picture room is also provided, where interesting aspects of the State s activities will be shown, with an accompaniment of lectures. The second floor is devoted to the reception and entertainment of visitors. Missouri. The Missouri Building is in the Colonial style, and is located on the Marina on a terrace overlooking the Bay. From the South portico three entrances open into the large recep tion room. At either end of the main reception room are the offices of the Commission. In the northeast section of the building is located the library, con taining 1,500 volumes written by Missouri authors. A cafe is ope rated in the northwestern section of the building. In addition to the displays in the Missouri Building, Missouri has five exhibits, in the following Exposition departments: Agriculture, Horticulture, Mines and Metallurgy, Education, Livestock. Montana. The Montana Building is situated on the Marina, North of the juncture of the Avenue of Nations and the Esplanade. In the building will be found spacious rest and lounging rooms. While the principal exhibits of Montana are to be found in the Hor ticulture, Agriculture, and Mines Palaces, nevertheless, in the Montana State Building will be found choice samples of the products of Montana, together with a large number of paintings and colored photographs showing the resources and the industries of the Treas ure State. Nevada. The Nevada Building is located on the Marina. On the main floor of the building is a large reception room, with windows facing the Bay and Harbor. On this floor also are the 93 ladies rest room, tea room and gentlemen s smoking and lounging room. On the second floor is a large lecture and concert room, used also for a display of fancy work and an exhibit furnished by the public schools of Nevada. New Jersey. The New Jersey Building is of Colonial architecture, having been adapted from the old Trenton Barracks, where George Washington had his headquarters during the Revolution. On the lower floor there are offices, lounging and reception rooms. New York. New York State is represented at the Exposition by one of the largest and most substantial structures in the Avenue of States, and also by fourteen official exhibits and displays of nearly four hundred and fifty business and manufacturing concerns in the various Palaces. On the first floor of the building is a large assembly hall. Travers ing the entire length of the building is an arched corridor, fifteen feet in width. At one end of this corridor is a restaurant. On the second floor are located a reception room reserved for Governor Whitman of New York State, a suite for the Governor and his staff, the council room and living rooms for the Commission. Official exhibits of various Departments of the New York Stale Government are shown in the Education, Liberal Arts, Mines, Agri cultural and Horticultural Palaces. North Dakota. The lower floor of the building is divided into two rooms. The west room is devoted to exhibits of grains and grasses and products of grain. The east room is devoted to the coal and clay resources of the State, the clay products being especially attractive. In the rotunda is located a thirty-foot light-house, built of corn. Ohio. The Ohio Building is a copy of the State House at Columbus. The largest room on the first floor is used for public meetings, receptions and other functions. On the upper floor is a suite of rooms set apart for Governor Frank B. Willis and family. In the lower rotunda are niches in which are placed busts of the six presidents who were born in Ohio: Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Har rison, McKinley, and Taft. Oklahoma. Located at the intersection of the Avenue of States and Drake Street is the building jointly occupied by the States of Oklahoma and Arkansas. This State has extensive exhibits in the various Palaces, particular attention having been given to the agri cultural display. Oregon. The Oregon Building is one of the most picturesque on the grounds, and is easily distinguished by its colonnade of giant logs. The structure is in the style of the Parthenon at Athens, with logs for pillars and bark instead of marble. In the colonnade nearly every variety of tree that is taken from the forests of Oregon in commer cial quantities will be found. The entire building is open to the public, including a huge recep tion room, a domestic science luncheon room on the top floor, and a lecture hall where moving pictures tell the story of Oregon s re sources and attractions. Every section of the State is represented by special exhibit booths. There are also school exhibits and an art room. The building was designed more as an Oregon exhibit than as a center for entertaining. The Oregon Building boasts the tallest flagpole in the world 235 feet. 94 Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania Building is distinguished by the spacious open loggia which was closely copied from the central por tion of Independence Hall in Philadelphia. It is surrounded by gar dens set out with shrubs brought from that State. In the East wing is an assembly hall, and on the left a reception room. A number of mural paintings add to the beauty of the struc ture. The building also contains a specially constructed steel vault de signed as a place of safekeeping for the Liberty .Bell. Philippine Islands. The Philippine Exposition Board had in mind two prime objects when it commenced the work of assembling ex hibits for the Panama-Pacific International Exposition. One of these was to show the progress, development, and culture of the Filipino people and the other was to awaken the world, and particularly the United States, to the all but untouched resources and opportunities of the Philippines. The Philippine Building Both purposes are expressed in a most interesting manner in the Philippine Building with its contents and by the extensive displays in the Palace of Agriculture and the Palace of Education and Social Economy. In the Palace of Fine Arts, there is also a small but unique showing of the works of Filipino artists. The Philippine Building itself constitutes a remarkable exhibit of the use of island material, as well as being one of the most attract ive structures in the State and Foreign Nations group. The building forms a quadrangle surrounding an open court, where concerts by the Constabulary Band will be held daily. It has an entrance of beauti ful hardwood paneling with a portico of natural unshaped Palma Brava trunks, while the rotunda, though it adorns a temporary struc ture, is one of the most elegant hardwood interiors to be found. The use of the native translucent capis shells, instead of window panes, and of the split bamboo matting for wall surfaces both unique feat ures of the building are suggestive of future possibilities as building materials in the warm climate of California and other equable regions. 95 Structurally and for exhibit purposes the building has two main divisions. In the left wing, as one enters, are shown the products of native manufacture with Filipino workmen engaged at their various handicrafts. Here are to be seen the cunningly wrought brasses with their embellishment of inlaid silver, the embroideries of the skillful Filipino women, the hand made mats of various fibers, and the differ ent varieties of Philippine hats, which excel the well known Panama hats. The shell fisheries, which supply the material for a large por tion of the button manufacture of the world are also shown. The right wing of the building is devoted to the scientific exhibit with its demonstration of the chemical and mineral resources of the Islands. There is also an excellent display of printing and binding of the government printing plant and at the far end of the wing is the public works display with maps, showing the geographical dis tribution of the public institutions, schools, railroads, roadways, and the like. In the orchid conservatory to the rear of the building proper is one of the most interesting displays of these exotic flowers ever assembled in the country. All of the varieties, many of which are ex ceedingly rare and valuable, are to be seen in full bloom. The most elaborate single Philippine exhibit is that occupying blocks 19 and 20 in the Palace of Agriculture, where practically all of the agricultural products of the islands may be seen, studied and appreciated. The four principal export products abaca (Manila hemp), sugar, copra, and tobacco are extensively featured. Various other products, such as rice, coffee, cocoa, maguey, kapok (tree cot ton), pina, cotton and rubber, and many other of the most valuable resources of the islands are also shown. The production and manu facture of the various commodities are displayed in detail. The forestry exhibit in the Agricultural Palace is a magnificent display of samples of the numerous varieties of hardwoods in which the island forests abound, as well as a showing of the conservative methods of logging-off under the supervision of the Government. In section 21 of this Palace 300 of the more important commercial woods are shown. In the Palace of Education and Social Economy the methods of education and, in the health exhibit division, the great work of edu cation and sanitation that has been carried on under American ad ministration throughout the Islands is most interestingly shown. Here, in the educational exhibit, one may see, almost at a glance, the system whereby each pupil is given a practical and technical training designed to fit him with a means of livelihood after only a few years of schooling. Actual classes of Filipino children have been brought from the Islands and may be seen at their school work. The Philippine section in the two Palaces may be easily distin guished upon entrance by the characteristic facade of palm tree trunks, with shell frieze and sewale panels, which surround the space. The Philippine Exposition Board is composed of the following Commissioners: Dr. Leon Ma Guerrero, President; Mr. W. W. Bar clay, Director-General, and Dr. Francisco Liongson, Member. Porto Rico. The territory of Porto Rico is represented at the Ex position by a coffee display in the Palace of Agriculture. Various photographs of the coffee industry are a feature of the exhibit. Porto Rican girls serve coffee to guests. The Territory has no building. 96 South Dakota. Agriculture, mining, live stock and farming form chief elements in South Dakota s representation, installed in the exhibit palaces where they are classified. Moving pictures are used to portray the attractive features of the State for prospective settlers. This State has no building. Texas. The Texas Building, suggesting the Alamo in its design, is just to the east of the model camp of the U. S. Marine Corps. The building is used for both social and exhibit purposes, a display of the industrial and educational life of the State being presented within. The exhibits supplement the Texas displays in the various exhibit palaces. Utah. At the left and rear, on entering the building, is a room occupied by a working model of the famous Utah Copper Mine at Bingham, Utah, showing the actual processes of removing the ore, with miniature steam shovels, locomotives and cars in operation. Offices and reception room occupy the right side of the main floor. The stairway at the rear of the building leads to a mezzanine floor. A model of a typical Utah coal mine, showing exterior and in terior workings and geological formations, occupies the entire second floor of the south wing. This is also an operative model, illustrating methods of coal extraction and handling. On the north side of the second floor is a small room devoted to miscellaneous exhibits. Paintings and statuary by Utah artists and sculptors are to be seen in the building. A collection of relics of the prehistoric cliff dwellers of southern Utah, loaned by the University of Utah Museum, is an interesting feature. Virginia. The State of Virginia has reproduced the home of George Washington at Mount Vernon for her building at the Expo sition. The rooms are furnished with colonial furniture, some of the pieces having belonged to General Washington. To the right as one enters the building is a large school exhibit, photographs of odd scenes in Virginia and illuminated transparencies showing crops and cattle. West Virginia. West Virginia s building is patterned after the old Colonial mansions of the South. On the main floor are the reception hall, office, rest rooms, etc. The mezzanine floors are used for writing rooms. To the right of the main entrance is a motion pic ture room. Wisconsin. The Wisconsin State Building is located on the Avenue of the States adjoining that of New Jersey. Directly in front of the entrance is the reception room and to the right a smok ing room. To the left of the entrance is the ladies parlor and the office of the resident commissioner and official hostess. Motion pic tures showing the resources of the State are exhibited. The building also contains a large living hall, which is open to the public. The City of New York Building is the second building west of the New York State Building. The structure resembles a huge cube sur rounded by a broad grass-grown terrace with plants, trees and shrubs. The walls of the interior are covered with feature pictures and descriptive matter of the city of New York. Directly within the entrance is a large model of the city. In general the exhibit con sists of models, paintings, photographs, drawings and descriptive mat ter pertinent to the administration of the metropolis. 97 The Washington State Building is located at the intersection of the Esplanade, the Avenue of States, and tlie Avenue of Nations. In the building is a motion-picture theatre showing views of the State s scenery, cities, educational institutions, resources and industries. The building also contains a social hall, tea-rooms, writing and rest rooms. Washington has extensive exhibits in the various palaces. Nature designed the State of Washington as a place for the homes of men, and, true to its destiny, it grew faster in the decade ending in 1910 than any other State in the Union. It is still growing rapidly, and promises to do so for many years to come, for its rich acres cover an area half as large as Prussia, with a population of more than forty mil lions, and larger than the combined area of Massachusetts, New York and Maryland, with a total population of fourteen millions. The Cascade Mountain Range, one of the most beautiful in America, divides the State into two distinct parts, known as Eastern and West ern Washington, and differing sharply in climate, soil and topography. The northern part of Eastern Washington is made up of wooded high lands, intersected by a number of rich river valleys, into which rail roads have been recently built or are now building, thus offering new Washington State Building and hopeful fields to the homeseeker. Except for the Blue Mountains in the extreme southeast, the plain of the Columbia River, ranging in altitude from 500 to 2,000 feet, covers the remainder of Eastern Washington a level or undulating country, with a soil of volcanic ash varying in depth from one to 100 feet, and of such exceeding richness that it yearly produces without irrigation more than 71,000,000 bushels of wheat, oats and barley. Indeed, Washington contains land that has broken the world s record in the production of wheat per acre, while it produces more oats per acre than any other State, and is excelled by only one State in its per acre production of barley forty and one-half bushels. In the river valleys, which intersect the Columbia plain, mainly under irrigation, but with excellent results in some sections under dry farm ing conditions, are produced bumper crops of apples, peaches, pears, alfalfa and hops, of which last-named crop Washington produces more per acre than any other State. The apple crop of Washington has an annual value of $10,000,000, commanding the highest prices in foreign markets, and it stands third in the Union in total yearly production of plums and prunes. 98 ^ outstanding features of Western Washington are the lower Columbia region in the southwest; in the northwest the Olympic Mountains, enfolding the peninsula of that name, and between the Olympic and the Cascades the great basin which has Puget Sound for its heart. Dense timber once covered all of this region, and there are still to be found some of the thickest bodies of timber in the world in all about 400,000,000,000 feet of fir, cedar, hemlock, spruce and yellow pine, more than is contained in any other State except Oregon. Washington for a decade has led all the States in its yearly output of lumber, producing in mills which give employment to 50,000 men two- thirds of the shingles manufactured in the United States. The mountains excepted, nearly all of the lands in Western Wash ington are splendidly adapted to agriculture in one form or another, the chief products being grasses, oats, root crops, fruits and berries. The berries and soft fruits of this section are not excelled by those raised in any other State or country. The dairy industry is still in its infancy, but is growing rapidly. It has already produced a number of world-record dairy cows, and, as Washington still imports a goodly part of its dairy products, has before it a wonderful future. The climate of Washington in its habitable portions is mild and equable, and so healthful that it has the lowest death rate of all regis tration States. Sunstroke is unknown, and in all parts of the State the summer nights are always cool. Mining and fishing are Washington industries of steadily growing importance, the value of the fish product exceeding $20,000,000 a year. The yearly value of Washington manufactures exceeds $300,000,000, and as it stands third among the States of the Union in developed water- power and first in quantity still undeveloped, nothing is more certain than that it is destined to become the greatest manufacturing center on the Pacific Coast. Supplementing its 3,500 miles of salt water frontage and navigable rivers, it has 7,529 miles of steam and electric railways, and one of the best built and maintained highway systems in the Union, affording to the tourist easy access to some of the most beau tiful scenery in the world. The State also has reason to be proud of its district and high-school system, culminating in three normal schools, a university, and an agricultural college. The Russell Sage Founda tion places Washington first in educational efficiency. The present hour is still the hour of opportunity in Washington, particularly for the land-seeker and home-seeker. There is much good land available for homesteading, especially in the northern counties of Eastern Washington, while both in Eastern and Western Washington several million acres of excellent land which has passed into private ownership can be purchased at low prices and on reasonable terms. Emphasis is to be placed on the opportunities offered settlers by the stump or logged-off lands of Western Washington. These are owned in chief part by logging companies who, having removed the timber, are willing to sell the lands at from $10 to $40 an acre to those who will clear and improve them. The soil of these lands in most cases is a rich sandy loam, while, thanks to an abundant rainfall, there is no need for irrigation. In Eastern Washington the early completion of a number of important irrigation projects now under way will open new and large areas to purchase on long-time and easy terms. With less than one-fifth of the State improved, Washington will long spell wealth and opportunity for the industrious newcomer. For fuller particulars, call on or address Charles G. Heifner, Execu tive Commissioner for the State of Washington, Washington State Building, P. P. I. E., San Francisco, Cal. 99 California Building THE CALIFORNIA BUILDING The California Building, representing with its displays an expendi ture of $2,000,000, is situated on the Marina near the northwest cor ner of the main group of exhibit palaces. The building is the largest ever erected by a state or nation par ticipating in an Exposition. In designing the structure the architect, Thomas H. F. Burditt, took for his motifs the old Spanish Missions of California, and many of the features of these historic structures will be found here faith fully reproduced or adapted to modern requirements. The structure contains the administrative headquarters of the Ex position, the social and host headquarters as represented by the Woman s Board, and in its eastern portion, the five acres of floor space devoted to the displays of the fifty-eight California counties. The divisions of the buildings embrace a large patio wherein has been reconstructed the Forbidden Garden of the Santa Barbara Mission. A statue of Padre Junipero Serra, the "Father of the Missions," stands in a niche on the south front of the main tower of the building, overlooking the Forbidden Garden. Seven motion picture rooms and lecture halls with a seating ca pacity of 2,000 are located in the building and are used by the counties of the state for displaying their industries and the points of interest to visitors. More than 70,000 feet of motion picture film have been prepared for this purpose. The general plan of the California display is collective. Instead of each county making its own display most of them have been grouped by sections. 100 The displays are not exhibits: that is they are not shown in competi tion for award but are designed to show the visitor what each county or district holds forth in the way of advantages fot vjie. settler and homeseeker. County exhibits are to Ve found 1 in the appropriate ex hibit palaces. ".* THE" ZONE The Zone, as the Exposition street of amusement is called, stretches for seven city blocks through the eastern portion of the Exposition grounds where it occupies seventy acres. The street is completely filled on both sides with amusement enterprises that were selected from the best that the world offered. The Zone represents an expenditure of approximately $10,000,000. Altogether more than two hundred and fifty concessions were let but a number of these are selling concessions located in the various exhibit palaces and elsewhere about the grounds. Special Events. The Calendar of Special Events has been so arranged as to present a series of entertainments, contests, celebrations, festivals, races, and the like, throughout the Exposition period. A list of events, with exact dates, will be found two weeks in ad vance in the Official Daily Program, as well as the detailed program of every important occurrence on the Exposition Grounds. In addition to the Special Events, the list of Musical Events and a summary of the Conventions more than eight hundred of which are to be held during the Exposition Year will be found printed below. MUSIC. The principal musical events of the Exposition will occur in Fes tival Hall at the eastern extremity of the South Gardens. The main auditorium of the building has a seating capacity of 4,500 people. The acoustics are pronounced perfect, this feature having been given particular attention. Famous artists from all over the world will be heard here in re cital, both vocal and instrumental. The pipe organ is one of the largest in the world and the second largest in America. There are in the organ about 7,000 pipes and 113 speaking stops. It contains four manuels, the swell, solo, choir and great organs. The instrument is a working exhibit of the Depart ment of Liberal Arts. At the marine camp a band of sixty pieces has been detailed for duty throughout the Exposition period and daily concerts are given. Following is the schedule of principal musical events for the re mainder of the Exposition, subject, however, to additions from time to time: 101 The Exposition Orchestra Eighty performers, entire season of Ex position. Concerts daily at Old. Faithful Inn, in the Zone. Edwin H. Lemare, the greatest living organist, will give one hundred recitals in Festival Hall, starting- August 25th. One hundred <&nd; eighty-seven other organ recitals by various or ganists wjlhbc gwett on days when .Lemare does not appear, so there will be an organ concert each day of the Exposition period. The list includes Wallace A. Sabin, official organist; Dr. H. J. Stewart, Louis Eaton, Chas. Heinrich, Frank W. Chace, Richard K. Briggs, John J. Bishop, Harry L. Vibbard, Will C. Macfarlane, J. Warren Andrews, Clarence Eddy, Warren D. Allen, Albert D. Jordan, Fred Goodrich, Ernest Kroeger, James D. D. Comey, T. Tertius Noble, Daniel Philippi, Charles Galloway, Uda Waldrop, John Doane, George H. Fairclough, Frederick Chubb, H. B. Jepson, Samuel Baldwin, Clarence Dickinson, William C. Hammond, William J. Gomph, Benjamin Moore, Bruce Gordon Kingsley, J. Percival Davis, John J. McClellan, Sidney Durst, James T. Quarles, Arthur Hyde, Frank Adams, Hamlin H. Hunt, Geo. W. Andrews, and other distinguished organists. Thaviu s Band Fifty performers (with six grand opera singers), A. F. Thaviu, Conductor. Eight weeks, beginning October 9th, and ending December 4th. The Official Band Forty performers, Charles H. Cassasa, Con ductor. Special daily events and concert in the evening. The Philippine Constabulary Band Ninety performers, Captain W. H. Loving, Conductor. Philippine Building. Boston Band Sixty-five performers, Emil Mollenhauer, Conductor. Nine weeks, beginning July 17th, and ending September 17th. Innes Band Fred k. Neil Innes, Conductor; fifty performers. The Bandstands are located in the Court of the Universe; in the Band Concourse, West of Administration Avenue; on the Avenue of Palms, near the intersection of the Avenue of Progress and Fillmore Street entrance. In addition to having these stated positions, the visiting musical organizations give concerts in other parts of the grounds, frequently in the other Courts, and at such points as special events require. Programs in detail, for all musical events will be found in the Daily Official Program, for sale at the entrances to the grounds, and else where. CONVENTIONS AND CONGRESSES. Eight hundred and twenty-two conventions and congresses, whose subjects cover the activities of the world along industrial, commercial, professional and scientific lines, will meet in San Francisco and the bay cities in connection with the Exposition. This is more than double the number held at any previous exposi tion, and to secure them practically every organization of any size or importance in the civilized nations of the world was canvassed. The attendance at each of the conventions and congresses will range from seventy-five to possibly 30,000 delegates and visitors. There will be an average of nine Exposition conventions per day throughout the entire period. But few days are blank, and on certain days during the summer months as many as thirty or forty meetings of various kinds will be held. The schedule of conventions and congresses will be found two weeks in advance in the Daily Official Program, for sale on the grounds. Further details may be obtained from the office of the director of conventions and congresses in Festival Hall. 102 Special Structures. THE EXPOSITION AUDITORIUM. The Exposition Auditorium in San Francisco s Civic Center, al though not included in the list of Exposition palaces, because it is not on the grounds of the Exposition, is nevertheless one of the most important of the buildings, for it has been built, at a cost of $1,200,000, on a site provided by the municipality, to house the many congresses and conventions scheduled to hold their 1915 meetings in the Exposi tion City, there being more than eight hundred of these conventions. The building is of steel and concrete. The great audience hall be neath the octagonal dome has seating capacity for 11,000 people on the floor and surrounding galleries. In addition to this there are many smaller audience halls provided with sliding partitions so that at need they may be converted into twenty-six halls and committee rooms. The site which the building occupies is bounded by Hayes Street, Grove Street, and Larkin Street, at the Market Street gore. At the conclusion of the Exposition the Auditorium reverts to the city, to remain as a permanent memorial of the Panama-Pacific In ternational Exposition. Carnation Milk Condensery. The Pacific Coast Condensed Milk Company has constructed a special building, in keeping with the architecture of the Exposition, just to the south of the Palace of Fine Arts, for the purpose of demonstrating the actual methods of handling and distributing fresh milk in the most modern and sanitary way in hermetically sealed cans. This is the first evaporated-milk condensery to be opened to the public in the United States and is perhaps the most instructive and educational of the food products exhibited in a special structure. In addition to the operation of the condensing plant, the use of evaporated milk as a substitute for ordinary milk or cream in every way is demon strated by cooking experts. The "contented cows" in the dairy stables of the Live Stock Section are a part of this -exhibit, supplying the fresh milk for the average quantity of 6.000 small cans put up daily at the condensery. Dogs of All Nations. Adjoining the Livestock Section on the east is the building devoted to the "Dogs of All Nations." The animals exhibited include bench show dogs and utility dogs. Here may be found Rear Admiral Peary s Eskimo dogs that made the dash to the North Pole. Many interesting events are scheduled, including show ings of champion bench dogs, man-hunting dogs, war dogs, police dogs, sheep dogs and canines of rare breeds. Gas Kitchen. The Utility Gas Kitchen, situated immediately out side the main east entrance of the Machinery Palace, affords visitors to the Exposition the opportunity of obtaining dainty meals and re freshments at moderate prices, and at the same time illustrates the practical use of gasoline gas for cooking, lighting and heating, as manufactured by the Utility generator. This restaurant is part of the Utility Gas Appliance and Sales Com pany s exhibit of their various types of gas generators shown in their booth in the center of the Machinery Palace. The House of Hoo-Hoo. The "House of Hoo-Hoo" or Lumber man s Building, is situated in Forestry Court, in the Horticultural Gardens, and was erected by the Concatenated Order of Hpo-Hoos, a fraternal organization of men identified with the lumber interests. 103 The building is an exhibit of forestry products; the walls are paneled with specially selected panels of the different beautiful woods of the Pacific Coast States. The exterior is of logs and bark. The Inside Inn. A thoroughly modern hotel has been erected on the grounds for the accommodation of Exposition visitors. The In side Inn, as it is called, is situated just within the Baker Street en trance, overlooking the Band Concourse and the Fine Arts Lagoon. Rates are from $2.00 a day up. Provision is made for admission of guests to the grounds as many times a day as desired. Press Building. Just within and to the east of the main entrance at Scott Street is the Press Building, erected to provide quarters for the Exposition Division of Exploitation, for the Exposition bureaus of the San Francisco newspapers and for the reception of visiting newspapermen. A general information bureau for the accommodation of all Expo sition visitors is located in the building. In connection with the in formation bureau the United Press operates a bulletin service of the world s news. Exposition offices of The Wahlgreen Company, publishers of the Official Guide, The Official Program, and the Official Catalogues of Exhibits, are also in the Press Building. The Redwood Bungalow is situated in Forestry Court, Horticultural Gardens, just west of the House of Hoo-Hoo. It was erected by the Counties of Humboldt, Sonoma and Mendocino. The serviceability and the beauties of redwood for the construction of homes are here shown to the best possible advantage. Southern Pacific Building is located at the end of the Avenue of Palms and directly south of the Palace of Machinery. This hand some structure contains truthful reproductions of scenes along the various lines of the railroad. Especially selected motion pictures are shown and competent lecturers explain the pictures. The White and Sugar Pine Bungalow. In the Forestry Court is another modern bungalow, constructed entirely of California white pine and sugar pine. Y. M. C. A. The Young Men s Christian Association Building or Enlisted Men s Club House is on the Avenue of Nations. The struc ture is designed primarily for the use of the men of the United States Army and Navy, who visit the Exposition Grounds. Y. W. C. A. The National Young Women s Christian Association has a building in the South Gardens, just west of the Scott Street entrance. An information desk in the main lobby furnishes a reliable list of board and room accommodations, schedules of trains, and facts about the Exposition and the city. A large lunch room is open to the public from 11:00 a. m. to 8:00 p. m. Films, taken by Pathe, showing the work of the Young Women s Christian Association in college, city and country, are to be seen daily. A national exhibit of work done in the household arts department of the Y. W. C. A. is on display. On the upper floor is a quiet restroom for women. A trained nurse is in attendance. 104 Portico of the Y. W. C. A. Building General Information. Admission to the grounds is Fifty Cents for adults and Twenty-five Cents for children between the ages of 5 and 12. School children are admitted in squads of twenty at Five Cents each, during school hours and when accompanied by teachers. The grounds are open from 8 o clock in the morning till 11:30 at night. The Exhibit Palaces are open from 9 a. m. to 7 p. m. The State and Foreign Buildings are open from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. The Zone attractions are open all day and until 12 p. m. Automobiles. Automobiles are admitted to the grounds through the Lyon Street entrance on payment of $1.00, and may have access to the portion of the grounds west of Administration Avenue. All automobiles excepting official cars are excluded from the remainder of the grounds for the protection of visitors. Parking spaces will be found at convenient intervals outside the grounds arid adjacent to the entrances. Avenues and Streets. See Map. Bandstands. Bandstands where concerts are given daily are located as follows: Band Concourse, southwest corner of Avenue of Palms and Administration Avenue; Court of the Universe, north of the Service Building; and the Fillmore Street entrance. Barber Shops. There are two barber shops on the Zone. Cameras. A license is issued inside all gates at 25 cents per day permitting cameras on the grounds without tripods not over 4x5 in size, provided negatives are not used commercially. Special arrange ments may be made for autochrome privilege upon application to Cardinell-Vincent Co., official photographers, studio at junction of Zone and Avenue of Progress inside Fillmore entrance. Here will be found a complete line of Exposition photographs in all sizes and styles, also cameras and supplies, film developing and printing, lantern slides and transparencies. Pictures of conventions, banquets and special events made and placed on sale within an hour. Catalogues. The official catalogues of each of the exhibit depart ments and the combined catalogue of all departments are published by the Wahlgreen Company and are for sale in the various buildings. The Official Guide, the Official Daily Program and the Official Maps are also published by this company, and are for sale at the various entrances and elsewhere about the grounds. 105 D. A. R. headquarters are located in the Grand Canyon on the Zone. Electric Chairs. See Transportation. Emergency Hospital. An emergency hospital is maintained in the Service Building under the jurisdiction of the United States Health Service. It is equipped in a thoroughly up-to-date manner, the fit tings representing the last word in hospital service. All details of the equipment are classed as working exhibits and are subject to award. There are two motor-ambulances of most approved type, a corps of doctors and nurses constantly in attendance and facilities for handling emergency cases of whatever character. Visiting doctors will find the medical library installed at the hospital one of the most up-to-date in the world today. Fire Department. A complete system of fire protection was in stalled with the construction of the Exposition at a cost of more than $500,000. There are three fire houses: One on the Zone Plaza, one west of the junction of the Avenue of Progress and the Avenue of Palms, and the third opposite the New York State Building, near the junction of the Esplanade and Administration Avenue. The equipment affords an excellent display of modern motor-driven fire apparatus. The three fire stations are open to the inspection of the public. Company drills, with ladder-climbing, life-net jumping, etc., are given every morning except Sunday at the Zone station. Free Attractions. All of the Exposition events excepting a few special events held within the race track enclosure are free. Numerous aviation performances, carnivals and celebrations are on the Exposition calendar of free special events. (See Daily Official Program.) Guard Department. The guard department exercises all of the func tions of a police force for the Exposition. The headquarters of the department will be found in the Service Building to the left of the Fillmore Street entrance as one enters. The matron s office, for the care of lost children, is also in the Service Building. In the annex, to the rear (west) of the Service Building, is the desk sergeant s office, where a Lost and Found Bureau is maintained. A private detective service is maintained by the Exposition in con nection with the guard department. Hospital. The United States Public Health Service maintains an emergency hospital in the Service Building. See "Emergency Hos pital." Hotels. An official Exposition Hotel Bureau has been organized for the protection of Exposition visitors. Visitors are directed only to hotels that have agreed not to raise their rates during the Exposi tion year. Any hotel violating this agreement is cut from the list of hotels recommended. The Hotel Bureau maintains offices as follows: Flannery Building, Market and Kearny Streets; Press Building, Exposition grounds; 250 Powell Street, and at all railroad and ferry terminal stations, No charge is made for the services of the Hotel Bureau. 106 Hours of opening of buildings, etc., see "Admission." Information. A thoroughly equipped Bureau of Information is maintained in the Press Building, which is located just to the right of the main or Scott Street entrance gates. This service is free. Kiosks. Seventy-five kiosks for the sale of confections and sou venirs, etc., are located at various points along the main avenues of the Exposition. Launches. Regular excursions about the bay and to the U. S. warships, anchored in the bay, are made by launches from the Yacht Harbor, weather conditions permitting. Life-Saving Service. The United States Life-Saving Service holds regular drills from the permanent station at the extreme western end of the grounds. Locations. For location of buildings, see indexed map under front cover of this Guide. For location of offices, see "Organization of the Exposition." For location of exhibits, see Official Catalogue of Exhibits. Lost and Found. A lost and found bureau is maintained in the Office of the Guards, in the small building west of the Service Build ing. All articles found on the grounds are turned in to this omce. Lost Children will be taken to the matron s omce, No. 102 Service Building, and cared for until claimed by parents. Marine Camp. The First Battalion, 4th Regiment of U. S. Marines, is quartered on the grounds west of the State and Foreign Buildings, in a model encampment. The camp is open for the inspection of visitors. Military. The famous forts which guard the Bay ot San Francisco are thrown open to the public during the period of the Exposition, and target practice is held with the big coast defense guns several times a week. (See Daily Official Program.) Three regiments of United States troops are stationed at the Presidio, which adjoins the Exposition. Military tournaments will be held on the grounds in which troops of the National Guard of the various States, military organizations and cadets will participate. Motion Picture theatres are maintained in connection with numerous exhibits in the several palaces, in the Livestock Section, in the rail road buildings north and south of the Palace of Machinery and in the following State and Foreign buildings: Oregon, Idaho, Illinois, West Virginia, Washington, Massachusetts, New York, Japan, New Zealand, Norway. Other State and Foreign buildings will include motion pictures in their exhibits from time to time. There are several motion picture theatres in the California Building. The U. S. Government has motion picture lecture rooms in the Palace of Mines, the Palace of Machinery and the Palace of Liberal Arts. Other pictures may be seen in the Palaces of Liberal Arts, Agriculture, Food Products and Education. All motion picture performances are free. In general the theatres commence operation at 10:00 a. m. and continue at intervals through out the day. Officials. For names of officials and locations of offices, see "Or ganization of the Exposition." Over Fair Railroad. See transportation. 107 Parcels and Packages may be checked at any of the stations located at the entrances to the grounds. A charge of ten cents is made lor this service. Photographic Studio "Official" inside Fillmore Gate at junction of Zone and Avenue of Progress. Complete and beautiful Exposition photographs in all sizes and styles on sale. Cameras sold and rented; iilms, developing and printing. Postomce. A model postoffice is operated in the Palace of Mines by the United States Government, where all Exposition mail is handled in view of the public. Programs. Detailed programs of all musical, athletic and other important events of the Exposition will be found in the Official Daily Program, published by the Wahlgreen Company and for sale at the various entrances and elsewhere about the grounds. Race Track, Polo Field and Athletic Field are located at the western end of the grounds. Automobile Race Course. The mile race track and avenues of the Exposition afford one of the finest possible courses for automobile races. It was on this course that the Vanderbilt Cup and Grand Prix Races for 1915 were run, and on which the driver, Resta, accomplished the unprecedented feat of winning both races with the same car (Peugeot) and, more remarkable still, of winning both races on the same set of Nassau tires. Registered Message Service. By means of this service, operated in connection with the Exposition telephone system, visitors may make appointments, designate rendezvous, locate missing friends, etc. In order to file a message within the grounds go to the nearest telephone pay station, call Fillmore 7000 and, when the operator an swers ask for "Registered Message Bureau." The operator will record your message and place same on file to await inquiry from the addressee. Messages so filed will be delivered upon inquiry by telephone, pro vided the charges have been prepaid. Messages will be held for twenty-four hours. Charges: Fifteen cents for ten-word messages and one cent for each additional word. Restaurants. Restaurants of every variety and price are scattered about the grounds, a dozen or more being at various points along the Zone. Smoking. Smoking is permitted everywhere on the grounds except within the exhibit palaces. In many of the State and Foreign build ings smoking-rooms are provided for the convenience of visitors. Special Exhibit. United States Steel Corporation and its subsidiary companies located in the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy, the Expo sition s most complete exhibit. The Stadium is located at the western end of the grounds. The Stock Forum is located between the stock barns of the Live stock Section, west of the State and Foreign Buildings. Telephones. (See also Registered Message Service.) Guards will direct visitors to nearest telegraph or telephone sta tions. 108 One of the Fadgl Auto Trains A transportation innovation of the Exposition Ticket Offices. Railroad ticket offices are maintained in the South ern Pacific Building at the eastern end of the Avenue of Palms by the following railroads: Southern Pacific; Union Pacific; Chicago North western; Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul; Rock Island; El Paso and Southwestern; Lake Tahoe Ry., and Yosemite Ry. Railroad information bureaus will be found in the various railroad exhibits in the Palace of Transportation and in the buildings of the Grand Trunk, the Great Northern and the Canadian Pacific railroads, north of the Palace of Machinery. Transportation. There are four methods of transportation about the grounds: The Overfair Railroad, the Fadgl Auto Trains, the wheel and bicycle chairs, and the Miniature Electric Vehicles. The overfair Railroad has terminals at the southeast corner of the Palace of Machinery and at the entrance to the race track at the west ern end of the grounds. The railroad runs along the Esplanade and the Marina, with stations at convenient points. The fare is ten cents. The Fadgl Auto Train Service. Local trains are operated on the Zone from the Van Ness Avenue entrance to the Service Building and from the Baker Street entrance to the California Building. Through trains are operated from the Fillmore Street entrance to the Massachusetts Building, the Stadium and the Live Stock Depart ment. These trains are operated by the Fadgl Auto Train, Inc. The miniature Electric Vehicles, generally known as Electriquettes, are comfortable chairs carrying from two to three passengers. Sta tions are maintained at the Fillmore, Scott and Baker Street entrances. The rates for these chairs are $1.00 per hour and special rates of $5.00 for the day. The wheel chairs may be hired for fifty cents an hour at the variou? entrances. Organization of the Exposition. The organization of the Exposition was made up in the following manner: At a mass meeting of the citizens of San Francisco a committee of five was chosen, which committee in turn selected from the citizens at large a committee of two hundred, called a Ways and Means Com mittee. This committee was carefully chosen to represent all interests, creeds and classes. 109 The Ways and Means Committee appointed a committee of three, which chose, from the committee of two hundred, thirty directors. THe present Board of Directors is as follows: John Barneson, M. J. Brandenstein, John A. Britton, Frank L. Brown, George T. Cameron, P. T. Clay, William H. Crocker, R. A. Crothers, M. H. de Young, A. I. Esberg, Charles S. Fee, Henry F. Fortmann, A. W. Foster, R. B. Hale, I. W. Hellman, Jr., Homer S. King, Curtis H. Lindley, James McNab, P. H. McCarthy, Chas. C. Moore, Thornwell Mullaly, Dent H. Robert, James Rolph, Jr., A. W. Scott, Jr., Henry T. Scott, Leon Sloss, C. S. Stanton, Rudolph J. Taussig, and Jos. S. Tobin. The Board of Directors completed the work of organization by choosing a President, Vice-Presidents, Treasurer and Secretary. The President, Vice-Presidents, Treasurer and Secretary and the Board of Directors serve without compensation. OFFICIALS. President Charles C. Moore, Administration Bldg. Vice-Presidents William H. Crocker, M. H. De Young, R. B. Hale, I. W. Hellman, Jr., James Rolph, Jr., Leon Sloss, Administration Bldg. Director-in-Chief Dr. F. J. V. Skiff, Administration Bldg. Secretary Rudolph J. Taussig, Administration Bldg. Treasurer A. W. Foster, Administration Bldg. Solicitor General Curtis H. Lindley, Hobart Bldg. General Attorney Frank S. Brittain, Hobart Bldg. Comptroller Rodney S. Durkee, Service Bldg. Executive Secretary Joseph M. Gumming, Administration Bldg. EXECUTIVE STAFF. The President, the Director-in-Chief, the four Division Directors, and the Comptroller constitute the Executive Staff. DIVISION DIRECTORS. Director, Division of Concessions and Admissions Frank Burt, Service Bldg. Director, Division of Exhibits Capt. Asher Carter Baker, Service Bldg. Director, Division of Exploitation. .. .Geo. Hough Perry, Press Bldg. Director, Division of Works Harris D. H. Connick, Service Bldg. Each division director subdivides the work of his division among various departments and these in turn are subdivided into bureaus and sections. DIVISION OF CONCESSIONS AND ADMISSIONS. Director, Frank Burt, Service Bldg. Assistant Director, Concessions and Admissions Jay J. Bryan Chief, Department of Admissions Edmund C. Conroy Chief, Department of Concessions Jas. D. O Neil DIVISION OF EXHIBITS. Director, Capt. Asher Carter Baker, Service Bldg. Chief of Fine Arts J. E. D. Trask, Palace of Fine Arts Chief of Education and Social Economy Alvin E. Pope, Palace of Education 110 Officers and Executive Officials of the PANAMA-PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION 111 Chief of Liberal Arts Theodore Hardee, Palace of Liberal Arts Chief of Manufactures and Varied Industries Chas. H. Green, Palace of Manufactures Chief of Machinery Lieut. G. W. Danforth, Palace of Machinery Chief of Transportation Blythe H. Henderson, Palace of Transportation Chief of Agriculture T. G. Stallsmith, Palace of Agriculture Chief of Livestock D. O. Lively, Livestock Section Chief of Horticulture G. A. Dennison, Palace of Horticulture Chief of Mines and Metallurgy Chas. E. van Barneveld, Palace of Mines and Metallurgy DIVISION OF EXPLOITATION. Director, George Hough Perry, Press Bldg. Editor Hamilton M. Wright Superintendent of Writers Section Arthur H. Dutton Manager Bureau of Tours Clyde L. Peck Manager Bureau of Information F. G. B. Mills DIVISION OF WORKS. Director, Harris D. H. Connick, Service Bldg. A. H. Markwart Assistant Director of Works, Service Bldg. Guy L. Bayley Chief, Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering E. E. Carpenter Chief, Department of Civil Engineering A. Stirling Calder Acting Chief, Department of Sculpture Jules Guerin Chief, Department of Color and Decoration John McLaren Chief, Department of Landscape Gardening George W. Kelham Chief of Architecture H. D. Dewell Chief Structural Engineer William Waters Superintendent of Building Construction Wm. M. Johnson Engineer of Water Supply and Fire Protection Donald McLaren Assistant Chief of Department of Landscape Gardening W. D A. Ryan Chief Illuminating Engineer Paul E. Denneville, Supervisor of Architectural Modeling and Texture Dr. C. C. Pierce Chief of Hygiene and Sanitation Dr. R. M. Woodward Chief of Medical Bureau L. F. Leurey Assistant Chief Mechanical and Electrical Engineer Captain Edwin Carpenter Commandant Exposition Guards OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER. Comptroller, Rodney S. Durkee, Service Bldg. W. J. Pearce Acting Comptroller E. H. Hooper Assistant Comptroller W. A. Grimmell Auditor E. J. Wagner Cashier Rodman Robeson Paymaster C. O. Gowing Purchasing Agent F. A. Butler Supt. Stores and Supplies CONGRESSES AND CONVENTIONS. Director, James A. Barr, Festival Hall. W. L. Hathaway Commissioner World s Insurance Congress Insurance Ex. Bldg., California and Leidesdorff Sts. 112 35 c. SPECIAL EVENTS. Hollis E. Cooley, Chief Service Bldg. RECEPTION COMMITTEE. California Bldg. Wm. T. Sesnon Chairman Reception Committee OTHER OFFICIALS. G. W. Stewart Musical Director, Festival Hall A. M. Mortensen Traffic Manager, Festival Hall O. H. Fernbach .Secretary of International Award System, California Bldg. W. D. Egilbert Commissioner California Bldg., California Bldg. Frank Morton Todd Official Historian CALIFORNIA STATE COMMISSION. Headquarters California Building. ^ The Panama-Pacific International Exposition Commission of the State of California was appointed on February 19, 1911. to have charge and control of the five-million-dollar fund raised in accordance with a constitutional amendment. The members of the commission are as follows: Governor Hiram W. Johnson; Matt T. Sullivan, President, San Francisco; Arthur Arlett, Oakland; Chester H. Rowell, Fresno, and Marshall Stimson, Los Angeles; Secretary, Florence J. O Brien; Controller of Commission, Leo S. Robinson; Executive Secretary, Harry H. Cosgriff. WOMAN S BOARD. California Bldg. OFFICERS: Honorary President Mrs. Phoebe A. Hearst President Mrs. Frederick G. Sanborn First Vice-President Mrs. Lovell White Second Vice-President Mrs. I. Lowenberg Third Vice-President Mrs. William Hinckley Fourth Vice-President Mrs. John F. Merrill Fifth Vice-President Mrs. Frank L. Brown Sixth Vice-President Mrs. Ernest S. Simpson Secretary Mrs. Gaillard Stoney Treasurer Mrs. Philip E. Bowles Assistant Treasurer Mrs. Edwin R. Dimond Auditor Mrs. Charles W. Slack Directors: Mesdames Edson F. Adams, Frank B. Anderson, Mariana Bertola, Francis Carolan, Aylett R. Cotton, Sr., Joseph A. Donohue, Joseph D. Grant, Reuben Brooks Hale, Prentiss Cobb Hale, I. W. Hellman, Jr., C. Edward Holmes, John Johns, Henry Krebs, Jesse W. Lilienthal, Laura McKinstry, Robert Oxnard, Horace D. Pillsbury, George A. Pope, Henry T. Scott, Laurance Irving Scott, William T. Sesnon, M. C. Sloss, William S. Tevis, E. C. Wright. Honorary Vice-Presidents: Mesdames William H. Crocker, Charles B. Alexander, Irving M. Scott, John C. Bidwell, Louis W. Moore, Emma Shafter Howard, John F. Swift, Louis Sloss, Berthe D A. Welch, I. L. Requa, Ellen Tracy, G. D. Stephens, George J. Bucknall, A. E. Horton. Associate Directors: Mesdames George B. Sperry, Alexander Rus sell, C. S. Stanton, George Hough Perry, Mary Austin, Janet Peck, 114 Minnie Sabin Cooper, John Flournoy, A. P. Black, A. C. Posey, Edgar De Pue, Clinton Folger, Charles R. Lloyd, John F. Boyd, Henry C. Campbell, Mollie Conners, Louis Risden Mead, W. J. McNulty, Fred Svvanton, A. J. Fairbanks, A. Z. Sinsheimer, Viola Roseberry. The Woman s Board has formed auxiliaries in every county in the State, giving the women of the State an active association with the Exposition. San Francisco FACTS ABOUT THE EXPOSITION CITY. San Francisco "The City Loved Around the World" is at once representatively western and cosmopolitan. The forty-niner crossing the plains by ox team walked its unpaved streets and the Spanish padres, conquering the burning deserts to the south, established a mission and dreamed their dreams of conquest, campaigning from this point. Here, in an early day, from around the Horn and across an unknown ocean, with snow-white sails all set, swung through the Golden Gate the peoples and products of other lands to anchor in the spacious bay. These early settlers brought with them energy, courage and devotion that, as the years rolled by, has become imbedded in the character of a city that was in its very origin cosmopolitan. The annual mean temperature of San Francisco is 56 degrees Fahren heit. September is the warmest and January the coldest month. The mean temperature of September is 59.1 degrees and of January 49.2. In the last twenty years there have been only twenty-seven days during which the temperature exceeded 90 degrees, and in the same period it has not fallen below 32 degrees, the freezing point. The differences between day and night temperatures are small. The warmest hour, 2 p. m., has a mean temperature of 59.2, and the coolest hour, 6 a. m., has a mean temperature of 50.9 degrees. Such a climate admits of comfort to all who attend the Exposition. To walk the long esplanade on the bay shore, the blood quickened by strengthening ocean airs, to rest in the balmy sunshine of the shel tered courts, to traverse the miles upon miles of enchanting aisles in the exhibit palaces in perfect physical comfort, will be one of the cherished experiences of a visit to the Panama-Pacific International Exposition. Those who come from tropic climes and from the heated sections of our own country should bring with them warm wraps. Located in the center of the long coast strip, with an adequate rain fall and a large area of tributary territory, San Francisco maintains a confident and conservative attitude toward future growth and conv mercial importance. This feeling is reflected in the marvelous pro duction of the Exposition at an initial cost to city and State of seventeen and a half millions of dollars, and that within half a decade after the recuperation from the great fire. It is most remarkable that a city that has spent in eight short years $375,000,000 in its renaissance a sum equal to the cost of the Panama Canal should also build the largest, most beautiful, and, what promises to be the most successful, of world expositions. San Francisco is a wealthy city. Her bank clearings for 1912 were $2,677,561,952, an amount almost equaling the combined clearings of the five next larger cities of the Coast, which were $2,690,516,590 for the same period. The assessed valuation for 1912 was $605,141,664. The assessed valuation per capita was $1,308.24, making this the wealthiest city on the Pacific Coast and the fifth wealthiest in the country. 115 Momentarily leaving the Exposition itself out of the question, the visitor in 1915 will find a world of interest and information in San Francisco that can not be duplicated elsewhere: the sylvan charm of Golden Gate Park with its Japanese tea gardens, buffalo and elk pad docks, museum, wonderful walks and drives, and beautiful gardens containing the products of two zones; a visit to the Cliff House and Seal Rocks; Sutro Baths and Heights; an automobile drive around the famous Ocean Boulevard or to one of the many beauty spots down the peninsula; a study of reconstructed San Francisco, with its Golden Gate, its splendid harbor, ocean frontage, wharves and ship ping, parks, markets, military reservations, old Mission, public build ings, historic points and near-by resorts the trip most interesting to the tourist is that through Chinatown, visiting the joss houses, the Chinese theaters, bazaars, curio stores, restaurants, markets etc. a visit to the Presidio, a sunny afternoon on Fisherman s Wharf or a lounge on one of the many beautiful parked squares that are found at convenient intervals and serve as breathing places in the midst of the city s business and bustle; in the constant stir of cafe and hotel forming the city s night life anywhere, everywhere, he will be im pressed and thrilled with a feeling that here on the farthest shores of earth s greatest ocean the world is taking a holiday and he is part of it. POINTS OF INTEREST. Sutro Baths. In Sutro Baths San Francisco possesses the largest indoor salt-water natatorium in the world. The baths are located on the cliffs overlooking the ocean at the en trance to the Golden Gate, affording a magnificent view of one of the most beautiful sections of California s scenic coast and of one of the city s most famous attractions the Seal Rocks. The baths are reached by direct trolley from the Ferry, at the other side of the city, over what has been called the most picturesque street car ride in the world. The "Cliff" car takes one through the new San Francisco and for a mile and a half along the abrupt cliffs that form the south wall of the Golden Gate. Interior View of Sutro Baths 116 A number of features have been recently added to the grounds surrounding the baths that are certain to make the locality the city s most popular amusement resort. First among them is the construc tion of a concrete promenade just above the beach, where visitors may observe the ships that come and go through the Golden Gate and watch the surf, almost within reach of the spray. The best view of the famous Seal Rocks is to be had from this promenade. The entrance is through a replica of a Grecian temple, while the approach to the baths proper is down a broad stairway bordered with palms and gardens. At different levels on the stairway are balconies and promenades with accommodations for 25,000 people. The balconies of the baths contain the best zoological and eth nological museum west of the Rocky Mountains. The baths are composed of six tanks. The main pool, holding 1,310,000 gallons of water, is from three to nine feet deep. The water in the main tank is usually at ocean temperature. That in the smaller pools is heated to various degrees of temperature. In at least one of the pools the water is fresh each day. In all of the small pools the water is completely changed at least every other day and oftener if necessary. The water comes direct from the ocean and is supplied by the force of the waves themselves. It is caught in a great tank on the water s edge, as the waves sweep over, and after running through a settling tank is pumped into the swimming pools. Every sanitary precaution is taken in the conduct of the baths. The bathing suits and towels are thoroughly sterilized daily. All features are subject to the inspection of the San Francisco Board of Health. Sutro Heights, opposite Sutro Baths. Home of late Mayor Adolph Sutro. Fine park, beautiful gardens, magnificent marine view. The Cliff House Vocal and instrumental entertainment. Dancing in ball room every evening. A la carte service. Golden Gate Park One of the most beautiful parks in the world, transformed from the most unsightly sand dunes. Extends from Stanyan Street to the ocean and has an area of 1013 acres. Presidio U. S. Army headquarters, Department of California. Comprises an area of 1,540 acres and is the largest army post in the United States. Mission Dolores Properly called The Church of San Francisco de Assisi. Founded by the Franciscan Fathers, October, 1776, for the conversion of the Indians. This mission is in a fine state of preserva tion. Oldest building in San Francisco. Open to visitors from 10 a. m. to 5 p. m. daily. Sixteenth and Dolores Streets. Post Office A handsome stone building at Seventh and Mission Streets. In addition to the main Post Office, the Federal Courts are located in this building. U. S. Mint One of the three in the United States. Opened Novem ber 12, 1874. Visitors every day, 9 a. m. to 12 m. and 1 p. m. to 3 p. m., except Sundays and holidays. Ferry Building Is a stately structure 859 feet long by 156 feet wide, forms the principal gateway to this city for travelers. Chinatown An Oriental city covering ten blocks. The Civic Center The governmental buildings of San Francisco. Erected at an enormous cost they combine massiveness with beauty in an imposing group. 117 SAN MATEO COUNTY IMMEDIATELY adjacent to San Francisco, and extending southerly to Santa Clara Valley. Excellent steam and electric railway service. Perfect and complete system of asphaltic highways. On the bay side, the country residences of the wealthiest citizens of California. On the coast side, dairy and truck farms and lumber industries. Climate, mild and equa^ ble. Abundant yield of fruits, flowers, vegetables, grapes and olives. Large tracts yet open and available for residences, farm ing, fruit growing and other industries : Price3 reasonable and attractive. Scenic features : Great Basin of giant redwoods ; chain of lakes ; ocean shore and forest drives. Persons residing in the county are within quick and easy reach of the city of San Francisco. In San Mateo Pavilion, State Building, Fair Grounds, see carefully prepared Relief Map, showing, among other things, San Mateo s advantageous proximity to the Metropolis. A cor^ dial invitation is extended to all to visit San Mateo County. Personally conducted auto tours through the county during the Fair. For particulars, inquire at the above mentioned Pavilion. 118 VENTURA COUNTY lENTURA COUNTY borders on the Pa cific Ocean, four hundred miles south from San Francisco* The State Highway enters the county at Rincon Creek, running into San Buenaventura, the mission city, thru the rich Santa Clara Valley of the South to Los Angeles County. A part of the State Highway is the famous Rincon-Sea-Level road, one of the most beau tiful boulevards in the world, which runs along the Pacific Coast for fifteen miles* The lima bean crop of Ventura County alone foots up the splendid total value of close to five millions of dollars in a year. The sugar beet industry produces two and one half millions of dollars per year. Oranges, English walnuts add to the annual wealth production of the County. The dried apricot crop of Ventura County is 25.000 tons per year. The largest lemon orchard in the world, the Lemon- eira Company, is in Ventura County. The first attempt to mine petroleum in California was made in Ventura County. San Buenaventura is a city of homes, but has a great future as one of the main resort cities of California* its smooth sand beach runs for miles without an undertow or trip rip, which makes it the safest place for the bather in California. The climate of San Buenaventura is as near earthly perfection as possible. Santa Paula, a town of 3500 people, is filled with bustling pros perity and is the center of the Oil Industry, and a rich orange, lemon and walnut belt* Fillmore is a center of the citrus industry, apricots, walnuts and beans. The State Highway runs past the Montalvo, El Rio and Cama- rillo settlement, to Los Angeles via the Cone jo pass with a side road leading to the manufacturing city of Oxnard, the second town in the county and the site of the immense factory of the American Beet Sugar Company* Nordhoff with its stately oaks, its cloud-reaching mountains and its wonderful climate is considered the most picturesque city in Ven tura County. There are fine schools in all the cities and in the county. Gas, water and electricity are practically in every house in the county. Ventura is one of the richest and most progressive counties in the State. No visitor to the Exposition will have seen California without seeing Ventura County. Address: Ventura County Board of Supervisors* Ventura, California 110 C o u n t y Pen i n s u I a Harbor The Ostrich Trtt n- ONTEREY COUNTY is an empire alone containing over two and a quarter million acres of valleys, hills and mountains. It invites the general farmer, the orchardist and the stock and dairyman to its domain. It excels any other county in the state in apple, potato and heet culture and has the largest sugar heet factory in the world, and a climate unexcelled. It has more Missions than any two counties and our good and wise mission fathers took the best when selecting their future homes. Salinas City is the county seat. Monterey Peninsula, the resort section, contains Monterey City Pacific Grove, Carmel-by-the-Sea, East Monterey and last but not least, Del Monte, the peer of America s all around Summer and Winter resorts. A quotation of Wm. Ritschel from Chas. Rollo Peters, both world-famed artists, to the effect that while other spots on earth con tained some one thing of rival, Monterey Peninsula combined a synthesis of climate and sea and mountain and valley and river and forest beauty unequalled, if not superior in attraction to any place in the world. The Harbor of Monterey on the Bay of Monterey is undeveloped, al most unknown and unused and yet it is one of, if not the best of the three great harbors on the California coast and less than 100 miles of railroad will reach the centre of 11,000,000 acres of the richest fruit, grain and mineral section of this great State and place it in touch with the ocean commerce of the Pacific. This magnificent harbor where the navies of the world can enter and ride safely at anchor but a few hundred feet from shore, offers and invites the Captains of Industry to investigate, and it can be safely stated that with the opening of the Panama Canal, this County offers through the Peninsula, the Harbor and the cross State Railroad present the greatest opportunity for investment and doing big things of any place on the entire Pacific Coast. -D- For further information literature, etc., call on or write The Salinas Chamber of Commerce, Salinas, Gal.; The King City Chamber of Commerce, King City, Cal. ; The Pa jaro Board of Trade, Paiaro, Cal.; The Monterey Chamber of Commerce, Monterey, Cal.; Pacific Grove Board of Trade, Pacific Grove, Cal. or the Board of Supervisors, Salinas, Cal. 120 MAKE YOUR HOME AT HOTEL DEL MONTE THE PERFECT ALL-THE-YEAR-ROUND RESORT On Monterey Bay, 125 Miles South of San Francisco VISIT the Exposition by motor from Del Monte via the New Asphalt State Highway thru the beautiful Salinas and Santa Clara Valleys by the San Juan Mission the Leland Stanford University and many wonderful resorts. Thru parlor car daily from San Francisco. Motoring over 17-Mile Drive VIA SOUTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD. and Scenic Boulevard. . A . Tennis, Archery, Sailing, The Riviera of America s ur f Bathing and Fishing. The Golfers Paradise Most Wonderful Park and Grounds American Plan Only. $5.00 per day and up. The Famous Del Monte Golf Course Only five minutes walk from the hotel lobby. Professional Instructors. The Pacific Grove Hotel Three Miles from Del Monte. Under Same Management. American Plan Only. Rates from $3.00 up. Address H. R. WARNER, Manager, DEL MONTE, CALIFORNIA 121 Napa County Napa County has everything to offer a man who desires an ideal country home. Address Napa County Board of Supervisors Napa, California 122 Sonoma County CALIFORNIA ITH a million acres of the best land, and only fifty thou sand people. This is the condition in which Sonoma County finds herself. This vast area of the richest land, with only a small part of it under cultivation, is capable of supporting thousands of home-seekers in luxury. Sonoma County, with rail and water transportation, Is only thirty-two miles from San Francisco, and all parts of the county have easy access to the San Francisco Bay markets. Sonoma County s assessed valuation is $46,000,000. Sonoma County has six incorporated towns, all possessing modern improvements, and serving the rural districts in the capacity of furnishing material and consuming the products. All church denominations, fraternal orders, community Chambers of Commerce, Women s Improvement Clubs, splendid social societies, and a flourishing Pomona Grange, with subordinate granges, are found in the county. Sonoma County is famous for her wonderful scenery. The beautiful Russian River district is known by the tourists as the Switzerland of America. It is estimated that one hundred thousand pleasure seekers visit the resort districts during the summer. Fishing and hunting are abundant in season. Luther Burbank, the greatest horticulturist ever known, selected Sonoma County in which to follow his life work, the propagation of plant life. We will furnish, free upon request, a general booklet on Sonoma County and individual booklets on poultry, prunes, apples, pears, peaches, plums, grapes, hops; grain, hay, corn and alfalfa; citrus fruits, quinces and olives; cherries, walnuts, truck gardening, berries, summer resorts, dairying and hog raising and manufacturing. Sonoma County Panama- Pacific International Exposition Santa Rosa, Calif. 123 Are You Going to be one of the many fortunate settlers who will locate in Santa Barbara County this year and in 1915, and who will start new homes in this land of promise and plenty? Santa Barbara County has an area of 2630 square miles, containing many fertile and thriving valleys. It is an attractive place for agricul turists, horticulturists, investors, home- seekers and those in search of rest and recrea tion. Protected by a chain of islands on the one side, and by lofty mountains on the other, the climate is unsurpassed anywhere in the world; the mean range, summer and winter, being only twelve degrees. Climatic Conditions Unsurpassed, Agricultural Possibilities Difficult of Estimation. Land Values Reasonable. Petroleum Production 10,000,000 Barrels Annually. Two Hundred Miles of Anticline Unexploited The only way to know Santa Barbara is not to depend upon type, but to see the county itself. The setting, the climate, the atmosphere, all of the factors that go to make up this favored locality these are the things that can be set down meagerly but whose impression is diffi cult to convey. What with the orchard, the vineyard, the stock and dairy farm, the bean, the grain, the sugar beet, the mustard, the olive oil, the walnut, the lemon, the petroleum, there are commercial possibilities, big business ventures, to be consummated in and around this beautiful county. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS: Santa Barbara Chamber of Commerce Santa Barbara, California 124 Humboldt County CALIFORNIA Ihe Land of Opportunity The Playground of the West Its 2,325,760 acres offer greater and more varied resources than any other county in the State. Leads all the counties in lumber and dairy products. No IRRIGATION The cool and refreshing summer climate and abundance of fish and game make it the unrivaled CAMPING GROUND of CALIFORNIA For information and descriptive literature, apply to the HUMBOLDT BOOTH IN THE CALIFORNIA BUILDING OR HUMBOLDT CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, EUREKA, CALIF. THE LEONARD CLEANABLE ONE-PIECE PORCELAIN LINED REFRIGERATORS lake a clean china disk of hart shown in the Palace of Pure Foods, on Avenue E and Second Street. 50 styles and sizes. Be sure you see them. Prices to suit every purse. Samples and full information free. Agencies in all the principal cities of the world. GRAND RAPIDS REFRIGERATOR CO. Sole Manufacturer* GRAND RAPIDS MICHIGAN, U. 8. A. 125 Finest All- Year Hotel in the South Accommodating 1,000 Guests The trip to and from the California Expositions is most enjoyable through the logical gateway, affording a visit to Quaint, Historic New Orleans "The Paris of America" No resort offers so wide a range of pleasurable occupa tions Golf, Polo, Baseball, Tennis, Fishing, Hunting, Yachting, Racing. European Plan A well-ordered hotel for a discriminating public traveling for business or pleasure Management from Waldorf-Astoria, N. Y. City ALFRED S. AMER & CO., Limited, Proprietor* The New Hotel Montelcone NEW ORLEANS, LA. A HOTEL of the highest " standard. Absolutely fire-proof; 500 rooms; 350 with private bath. Euro pean plan. Rates: $1.50 up with detached bath; $2.50 with private bath. J. D. KENNEY Manager COST, $1,600,000 126 Illumination Effects, showing the scintillator and the "Court of Four Seasons." 127 PENNSYLVANIA SYSTEM The Standard Railroad of America TIII 1 Pennsylvania Railroad System consist* of the Pennsylvania Railroad, General Office, Philadelphia; the Pennsylvania Lines, Gen eral Office, Pittsburgh, and affiliated lines. It operates in 15 States, from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean and from Dulutli to Norfolk, where more than half the population of the United States lives. Never before In the history of American railroads has it been so im perative that the people understand the railroads and their problems. When visiting the Panama- Pacific International Exposition see this Railroad System s educational exhibit In the Palace of Transportation, where courteous attendants will look after visitors. Ask for the illustrated booklet. San Francisco Office, 40 Powell Street HENRY DISSTON & SONS INCORPORATED PHILADELPHIA, U.S.A. Saws . Tools . Steel . Files Visit the Disston Exhibit Avenue C and Sixth Street Palace of Manufacturers displaying in motion the comprehensive line oj Disston products. As a masterpiece of mechanical construction, it is universally interesting and should be seen by everyone. Look for the revolving globe Reg. U. S. Pat. Off. Reg. U. S. Pat. Of. 128 Cf)e OHHHHMa Hotel t x a R. S. KAMPMANN, Managing Director SAN ANTONIO S Most Beau tiful, Convenient and Comfortable Hotel. Built in Old Spanish Style. European Plan Absolutely Fireproof OVERLOOKING HISTORIC ALAMO ON ALAMO PLAZA Excellent Appointments Throughout : Service and Cuisine Unexcelled Great Northern f f , 1 Jackson Boulevard, II Ol PI Dearborn & Quincy J.A.vrt.V J, streets. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS $1.50 and up without bath $2.50 and up with bath CHICAGO S MOST POPULAR HOTEL JOHN C. ROTH, Managing Director THE ST. PAUL HOTEL STPA " L MINN. is the newest and largest in St. Paul. It is a spacious, fire- proof, modern Hotel. Every room has its private bath and outside exposure. RATES With Shower bath: Single $1.50 Doable $2.50 With Tub Bath: Single $2.00 to $4.00 " Doable 3. 50 to 5.00 CHARLES G. ROTH, Resident Mgr. GREAT NORTHERN HOTEL CHICAGO, under same management 129 FOOD IS OUR SPECIALTY The Restaurant Refined Serving Breakfast, Lunch, Tea and Dinner. Our Patrons send us their friends not for "a good time" but for good food and service at moderate prices. The Golden Pheasant 32 36 Geary St - i iic vjrumen A iiCetbdnL, JustaboveKearny&Market It s Worm Your While A Demonstration of the Dalton Adding, Listing and Calculating Machine At the Dalton Booth Corner 7th Street and Avenue D Liberal Arts Building, Exposition Grounds We want every automobile owner to try "THE YOST STANDARD CARBON REMOVER" Guaranteed "Sure, Safe and Clean" It removes soot and carbon, cleans cylinders and valves. Saves gasoline. In sures smooth running machine. Easily applied; used through spark plugs; put up in tablet form. Your automobile equipment is not complete without it. Trial package sent postpaid anywhere $1. Dealers price on application. Call at YOST-MITCHELL MFG. CO. 1506 Market Street San Francisco, Calif. HOMES IN L.ALIFORNIA: rarms, Orchards, Dairies, Suburban. Free r r catalog issued. All counties. Strangers , cordially invited. For 30 years we have successfully striven to find for our pa trons the best property for the least money throughout California. C. M. WOOSTER COMPANY, 303 Phelan Bldg., San Francisco. G, Galleazzi & Sons Musical Reed Instru- \ ments Accordeon Makers \ 476-478 Jackson St,,S,h Exhibit in Palace ot Liberal Arts 4th St., bet.Aves.C&E VISITORS TO THE EXPOSITION PHONE FRANKLIN Let us attend to your Trunk and Baggage Transfer 801 Office at FERRY BLDG. Main Exit Under Ferry Clock MORTON SPECIAL DELIVERY Oakland, Alameda, Berkeley, San Francisco Storage a Specialty R. KLEIS, Proprietor Main Office, 361 ELLIS STREET 130 Don V Pail to See Our |"> / Exhibit one block west of Bungalows s*y P BI & BEAUTIFUL HOMES AT HALF ORDINARY COST A.L.fJ.E.LUNDY Formerly KENYON PACIFIC CO. Designers and Builders of Portable, Non- Portable and Sectional Houses MONEY SAVERS for HOME BUILDERS Office: FRANKLIN STREET, NEAR MARKET SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. Make a note of the location Joint Palace of Machinery BLOCK 45, AVENUE I We have installed an interesting ex hibit showing the attainment reached in the manufacture of Modern Equipment for the Transmission of Power. A TON of equipment is driven by a W model " S P I R O " Compression Shaft Coupling, the largest shaft of this equipment being 5" in diameter. All moving parts driven by " S T E R- LING" Oak Tanned Leather Belting. Bond Foundry and Machine Company. Mfgs. of Power Transmit ting Specialties, Manhtim, Lancaster County, Pa. Canadian Bond Hanger and Coupling CO., Ltd. Mfgs. of Power Transmitting Specialties, Alexandria, Ontario. Charles Bond Company. Makers Of Leather Belting, Philadelphia, Pa. HOUSTON, TEXAS THE RICE The largest and most complete hotel, in the fastest advancing city, and most re sourceful state of the south. 600 Outside Rooms : 525 with Bath $1.50 per day and up Include Houston in your list of stopovers to or from the Exposition. The home of genuine south ern hospitality. HOMER D. MATTHEWS, Manager NIPPON cTWURA miles south of San Francisco on the San Jose -Los Gatos Interurban R. R. In the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains. A Japanese Hamlet. Open all the year. For particulars address MRS. THEODORE J. MORRIS, Los Gatos, Calif. 131 AMERICAN-HAWAIIAN STEAMSHIP CO. Coast to Coast Fast Freight Service maintained by 26 Modern Steel Steamers, all flying the American Flag PANAMA CANAL "CRUISE DE LUXE," S. S. HONOLULAN First Class Passenger Accommodations Only New York Boston Charleston Norfolk San Diego Los Angeles San Francisco Portland Seattle Tacoma Hawaiian Islands S.S.Vireinian, 22OOO Tons Displacement WILLIAMS DIMOND & CO. DEARBORN & LAPHAM Gen l Ag ts for Pacific Coast General Agents 310 Sansome Street, San Francisco 8 Bridge Street, New York $@T Visit Our Exhibit in the Transportation Palace See the K & E Exhibit Palace of Liberal Arts A Most Comprehensive Display gf Drawing Materials Mathematical and Surveying Instruments Slide Rules Naval and Nautical Instruments Measuring Tapes KEUFFEL & ESSER Co. New York Hoboken, N. J. CHICAGO 520 S. Dearborn St. ST. LOUIS 813 Locust St. SAN FRANCISCO 48-50 Second St. MONTREAL 5 Notre Dame St.W. 132 SEE OUR EXHIBIT Southeast Corner Block 44, 45 and 46 Corner Avc. I and 5th St., Machinery Palace WE ARE SHOWING THE FOLLOWING MANUFACTURERS LINES: Name C. H. & E. Mfg. Co. Owen Bucket Co. A-lbrecht Excavator Co. Clyde Iron Works Russell Grader Mfg. Barber Asphalt Paving Haslett Spiral Chute Co. Co. Co. Iroquois Iron Works St. Louis Steel Foun- Ceresit Waterproofing Muggley Differential Co. dry Co. Co. Patent Scaffold Co. The T. L. Smith Co. 1PARROTT St CO. San Francisco Office Los Angeles Office 320 California Street Higgins Building Indoors and Out o 9 doors Citrus Cream gives you that enviable clearness and radiant fresh ness of complexion CITRUS CREAM the new cleansing cream made entirely of lemons Visit the Citrus Cream Exhibit in the Liberal Arts Building (Corner nearest the Tower of Jewels) and witness the manufacture of this unique California product QUIET REST ROOMS LEMONADE SERVED LALGHLIN FRUIT REFINING COMPANY Los Angeles, Cal. "TRIDENT" WATER METERS ARE USED EXCLUSIVELY BY THE EXPOSITION IN CONNECTION WITH ITS WATER SYSTEM ON THE EXPOSITION GROUNDS There is a type of "Trident" Water Meter specially designed for every form of service NEPTUNE METER CO. Visit Booth 23, South Machinery Palace, Exposition 00 West Street, New York 320 Market Street, San Francisco 308 Everett Street, Portland, Ore. 411^ E. Third Street, Los Angeles THE ARLINGTON COMPANY MANUFACTURERS OF PYRALIN Toilet Articles. Ivory Pyralin the Toilet Ware De Luxe. Combs Brushes, Mirrors and Fancy Goods. Pyralin Sheeting. Arlington Waterproof Collars and Cuffs. Pyralin Lacquers and Enamels. THE ARLINGTON COMPANY ESTABLISHED 1883 725-727 Broadway NEW YORK, U. S. A. 133 Exhibits of the following firms are in the Palace of Machinery Contractors Machinery : Road Machinery EXHIBIT OF Edward R. Bacon Company SAN FRANCISCO : LOS ANGELES Representing The Baker Mfg. Co. Jaeger Machine Co. Fopte Mfg. Co. Pawling & Harnischfeger Co. Erie Machine Shops Ohio Locomotive Crane Co. Galion Iron Wks. & Mfg. Co. Universal Crusher Co. Troy Wagon Works Co. C. J. Young Iron Works Entire Block 32-S Between 4th and 5th Streets, Avenues C and C-2 IRRIGATION? WESTERN Engine is a complete success. Cheapest watefy-when your crops need it is money for you. See these engines in opera tion at Block 1 5S, Palace of Machinery, and leave orders there WESTERN GAS ENGINE CORPORATION, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA Exhibits of the following firms are in the Palace of Transportation HOLLAND-AMERICA LINE REGULAR TWINSCREW PASSENGER SERVICE NEW YORK ROTTERDAM AND VIA PLYMOUT BOULOGNE UR NEW TRIPLE SCREW TURBINE S. 8. 8TATENDAM" ^BUILDING) 86,000 TONS REGISTER 40,000 TONS DISPLACEMENT EXHIBIT IN Palace of Transportation PASSENGER OFFICE:] 31 9 Geary St., San Francisco GEN. PASS. AGENCY 24 State Street, New York Chicago, 138 No, La Salle St. Boston, 89 State St. St. Louis, Locust & 11th Sts. Seattle, 108 Cherry St. New Orleans, 219 St. Charles 134 PHONE HAYWARD 251 A. B. PETERSEIV, Proprietor AN IDEAL PLACE TO DINE DUBLIN CANYON BOULEVARD Three miles northeast of Hayward 17 miles from Oakland This la one of the most beautiful drives about San Francisco. Visitors to tbe Exposition should not miss it. The cuisine and service the best. RESTAURANT OPEN AT ALL, HOURS BANQUETS A SPECIALTY "SAVE YOUR BACK WITH A CADILLAC" Four Models of Electric Vacuum Cleaners, $25.00 up Cadillac Combination Vacuum and Carpet Sweepers Demonstrated in Our Booth, Sixth Street, between Avenues C and D, Section 27, in the Palace of Manufactures Manufactured and Guaranteed by CLEMENTS MANUFACTURING CO., Chicago, 111. TheTate Flexible Staybolt Recognized as the standard for Locomotive Fire Boxes 450 Railroads now using; this bolt 13,000,000 in service FLANNERY BOLT COMPANY Manufacturers Vanadium Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. J. ROGERS FLANNERY & CO. Selling Agents Pittsburgh, Pa. SEE OUR EXHIBIT IN TRANSPORTATION BUILDING 135 The Inside Inn PANAMA-PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION THE ONLY HOTEL .WITH IN THE GROUNDS OF THE OPENING January 15, 1915. Absolute fire protection. Individual rates-European U plan $? 00 per day and upward according to style and location of room; American plan, rates added. Restaurants and Cafes. All outside rooms have If lvate JS2j Telephone in each room. Steam heated throughout. Convention and Banquet Halls for large gatherings. Under the Supervision of the Exposition Management Make Your Reservations NOW fSESSSEF "BOSSY BRAND MILK In Bottles Not Canned. Noted for Its Rich, Pure Flavor. United Milk Company 16th and Guerrero SAN FRANCISCO 136 The Savoy DENY ER S MOST MODERN HOTEL Sensible Prices Every Convenience Home Comforts Cuisine Unexcelled TAKE ANY CAR at WELCOME ARCH to our door. Arrange your ticket for a liberal stay in DENVER, the Motorist s Paradise. Visit the world- famous Mountain Parks Lookout Mountain, Genesee Park, The Red Rocks and other scenic beauties of the Colorado Rockies. R. K. STARKWEATHER, Manager "ANTLERS Colorado Springs THE LAND OF WONDROUS BEAUTY IN THE HEART OF THE ROCKIES WITH ITS GREAT PIKE S PEAK AND THE GARDEN OF THE GODS, i BREAK YOUR TRIP TO AND FROM THE EXPOSITION AT COLORADO SPRINGS IBE SURE TO SEE THAT YOUR RAILWAY TICKET IS ROUTED THIS WAY THE ANTLERS PROVIDES EVERY COM FORT, CONVENIENCE AND LUXURY KNOWN TO THE MODERN HOTEL COM BINED WITH PERFECT SERVICE AND FAULTLESS CUISINE. W. S. DUNNING, Manager 137 Wells Fargo J World-wide express service over 115,000 miles of rail and steamship lines. CJ 80,000,000 packages handled each year, with safety and dispatch. J 4-day express flyers from coast to coast. fl The efficiency of a mighty organization heightened by a personal and conscientious service. Wells Fargo Travelers Checks offer tourists not only safety and convenience, but also Wells Far go s personal service SHIP BY WELLS FARGO TRAVEL ON WELLS FARGO Free "movies" at our pavilion^^^in the Transportation Palace UARCO SYSTEMS FOR BUSINESS PURPOSES AUTOGRAPHIC REGISTERS, BARKER ROLL PAPER TYPEWRITER ATTACHMENTS UNEQUALED for Writing Invoices, U. B. L. s, Express and Delivery Receipts UNITED AUTOGRAPHIC REGISTER COMPANY PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND FACTORY, CHICAGO At Exhibit, Block 30, Seventh St., bet. Aves. C&D, Palace of Liberal Arts You Should Not Miss Seeing and having the most up-to-date modern invention demonstrated to you. If you call at the EXHIBIT of UTILITY GAS APPLIANCE AND SALES CO. Avenue F, Streets Center of Machinery Palace You will find a GAS PLANT that you can install in your own home, and which furnishes gas for all domestic purposes, using as fuel ordinary automobile gasoline. The Utility Gas Kitchen, a colonial building erected outside the east entrance of the Machinery Palace is part of the exhibit. It is a first-class, moderately priced restaurant, and the cooking, lighting and heating is entirely carried out by Utility Gas. For literature and further informa tion apply to UTILITY GAS APPLIANCE AND SALES CO. 240 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, Cal. 11ft INDEX GENERAL Page Administration Avenue 66 Admission fee to Grounds 105 Architects of the Exposition.... 20 Architecture 19-20 Argentine, Pavilion and Exhibits 80 A Trip through the Grounds. . .31-32 Attractions, free 106 Australia, Pavilion and Exhibits 82 Austria, Exhibits 89 Avenue of Palms 35 Avenue of Progress 39-40 Balkan States, Exhibits 89 Band Concerts (For details see Official Daily Program). Belgium, Exhibits 89 Board of Directors . . 113 Pag Board of Women 114 Bolivia, Building and Exhibits.. 82 Brief Directions 15 Bureau of Information 107 California Building, its Exhibits, and Counties 100 Cameras and Kodaks, Rules.... 105 Canada, Building and Exhibits.. 82 Carnation Milk Condensery . . . . 103 Catalogs, Official, and where sold 105 China, Buildings and Exhibits. 82-84 Color Scheme 25 Congresses and Conventions, Di rector of 112 Conventions and Congresses.... 102 Court of Abundance, Architec ture, Sculpture, Murals, Flora. 43-50 Over 12 Million Policies in Force Over 2 , Billion Dollars Life Insurance in Force Home Office Buildings, where over 3500 Persons are Employed Investigate The Prudential s Splendid Monthly Income Policy it Guarantee* aa Income CTCIT month for 5, 10, 15 or 20 years, or for Life. THE PRUDENTIAL INSURANCE CO. OF AMERICA FORREST F. DRYDEN.iPresident HOME OFFICE NEWARK, N. J. VIC: IT THE PRUDENTIAL EXHIBIT, SOCIAL ECONOMY V 1 O 1 1 SECTION, MINES BUILDING. 139 INDEXGENERAL Page Court of Flowers 36 Court of Four Seasons, Architec ture, Sculpture, Murals, In scriptions 61-64 Court of Mines 43 Court of Palms, Sculpture, Mur als 75-76 Court of Universe, Architecture, Sculpture, Murals 52-59 Cuba, Building and Exhibits 84 Daily Events (See Official Daily Program, sold on Grounds). D. A. R. Headquarters 106 Denmark, Building and Exhibits 84 Department of Guards 106 Division of Exhibits 110 Division of Works 112 Division of Exploitation 112 Division of Concessions and Ad missions 110 Dogs of All Nations 103 Electric Chairs (see Transporta tion) 109 Emergency Hospital 109 Esplanade 64 Page Executive Offices, where located 15 Executive Staff 110 Exhibits 18 Exhibit Gardens 28-29 Exposition Auditorium 103 Exposition Colors, Official 25 Exposition, General Description 17-19 Exposition Grounds, how Reached 14 Exposition Guards 106 Exposition Officials 110 Exposition Organization 109 Exposition Sculpture 21-25 (For full description, see Offi cial Sculpture Book, issued by Wahlgreen Company, and for sale everywhere). Festival Hall, Sculpture, Flora, Illumination 38 Fine Arts Exhibit (See Fine Arts Catalog, on sale in Pal ace of Fine Arts) 67-72 Fire Department, Stations 106 The Only Way To see the wonders of the Exposition in perfect comfort is to obtain a Miniature Electric Vehicle and motor about the grounds, going where you please when you please. These fascinating promenade automobiles, controlled by yourself, may be operated with perfect safety after a few moments instruction by one of our demonstrators. You will have missed one of the most novel and entertaining features of the Exposition if you conclude your visit without having driven about in one of the Miniature Electric Vehicles. Stations at all principal entrances. Rates: $1.00 per hour for vehicle seating two or three persons. Concession operated by MINIATURE MOTOR VEHICLE COMPANY This company desires to announce that they design and build miniature motor vehicles for amusement parks, health and pleasure resorts and invalids. Amusement parks and pleasure resorts offer splendid opportunities for large profits to those operating the miniature electric vehicle privilege. Get into a highly profitable business. GRASP THE OPPORTUNITY NOW Write us for prices of vehicles and full details. MINIATURE MOTOR VEHICLE COMPANY Flatiron Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. Please mention this publication. INDEXGENERAL Page Florentine Court 50 Foreign Nations not Represent ed by Buildings 89 Fountain of Energy 32 France, Building and Exhibits.. 84 General Information 105 Germany, Exhibits 89 Great Britain, Exhibits 89 Greece, Building and Exhibits.. 84 Grounds, Entrances to 14 Grounds, Layout of 18 Ground Map of the Exposition Grounds and Buildings Special Insert before page 1 Guatemala, Pavilion and Ex hibits 85 Honduras, Building and Exhibits 85 Hospital 106 House of Hoo-Hoo 103 Illumination, Exposition 29-30 Illumination, Tower of Jewels.. 34 India, Exhibits 90 Information, General 105 Inscriptions, Monuments and Buildings 30 Inside Inn 104 Introductory 13 Italy, Buildings and Exhibits... 85 Japan, Buildings and Exhibits.. 85 Jewels of "Tower of Jewels"... 34 Live Stock Section, Events, Ex hibits 78-79 Location of Buildings (See Map, Special Insert, page 1). Location of Exhibits (See Offi cial Catalog and Official Di rectory of Exhibits, on sale in each Palace and elsewhere). Location of Exposition 18 Lost and Found 107 Lost Children 107 Luxemberg, Exhibits 90 Main Gardens 27 Marine Camp 107 Marina, location of 15 Materials used in Exposition Palaces 20 Matron s Office 106 Motion Pictures 107 Mural Paintings 27 (For full description, see Offi cial Sculpture and Mural [Handbook] issued by The Wahlgreen Company, and for sale on the Grounds and elsewhere.) Chicago s Great Hotel An unsurpassed home for a day or a month. Erected in the center of the busi ness, shopping and theatre district, at a cost of more than three million dollars. Convenient to all trans portation lines. 750 rooms, all with private baths, at rates averaging one dollar less per day than those of any other hotel operated on the same plane of excellence. Make your home while in Chi cago at the new Hotel Sherman Randolph Street at Clark Home of the famous restau rant The College Inn. Single rooms $2.00, $2.50, $3.00, $3.50, $4.00. Double rooms $3.50, $4.00, $5.00, $6.00. Suites $5.00 to $15.00. HOTEL SHERMAN COMPANY .. ;:: ::::. 141 INDEX GENERAL Page Music 101 (For detailed Program of Con certs, Special Events, see Official Daily Program on Grounds). Netherlands, Pavilion and Ex hibits 85 New York City 97 New Zealand, Pavilion and Ex hibits 86 Norway, Pavilion and Exhibits. 86 Officials 109 Origin and History of Exposi tion 17 Original Cost of Exposition 17 Overfair Railway (see Trans portation) 109 Palaces and Courts 31 Palace of Agriculture, Archi tecture, Exhibits 60-61 Palace of Education, Architec ture, Sculpture, Exhibits 73-74 Palace of Fine Arts, Architec ture, Sculpture, Murals 67-72 Page Palace of Horticulture, Archi tecture, Exhibits 77 Palace of Liberal Arts 76-77 Palace of Machinery, Architec ture, Sculpture, Exhibits 40-41 Palace of Manufactures, Sculp ture and Exhibits 36 Palace of Mines and Metallurgy, Architecture, Exhibits 41-43 Palace of Pure Foods, Architec ture, Sculpture, Exhibits 66-67 Palace of Transportation 50-51 Palace of Varied Industries, Ar chitecture, Sculpture, Exhibits 39 Panama Building 87 Parcels and Packages 108 Persia, Exhibits 90 Philippine Islands, location of Building and Exhibits 95-96 Points of Interest 116 Portugal, Pavilion and Exhibits 87 Preparation of Grounds 17 Press Building 104 Programs, Special Events, etc., See Official Daily Program. Redwood Bungalow 104 Go To BLOCK 33 (Avenue A and Seventh St.) Palace of Manufacturers There you will see one of our looms in the actual operation of manufacturing TH.A.DE MARK REG. U.S. PAT. OFF\j the best known, most widely used and most extensively advertised floor covering Made in St. Paul, Minn., United States of America, for use all over the world CREX CARPET COMPANY, 1134 Broadway, N. Y. 142 INDEX GENERAL Page Registered Messenger Service. . 108 Rules governing Automobiles... 105 Rules governing Cameras 105 San Francisco, Facts about the City 115 Scope of Exposition 18 Sculpture, List of 24-25 S?iam, Pavilion and Exhibits 87 Southern Pacific Building 104 South Gardens 35 Spain, Exhibits 90 Special Events 101 (For full list of, see Official Daily Program on Grounds.) Special Structures 103 State Commission, California. . . 114 State and Foreign Buildings.... 80 State and Foreign Participation, Nations Represented 80-90 States and Territories Repre sented 91-100 Sweden, Building and Exhibits. 87-89 Switzerland, Exhibits 90 Ticket Offices 109 Title Page 11 Tower of Jewels, Sculpture, Mur als, Inscriptions, Illumination, Jewels " 32-34 Transportation 109 Turkey, Pavilion and Exhibits. 89 United States Government 90 Uruguay, Exhibits 90 U. S. Government Exhibits 91 Utility Gas Kitchen 103 Venetian Court 59-60 Views and Vistas of the Expo sition 79 Wahlgreen Company, The, Expo sition Offices 104 White and Sugar Pine Bungalow 104 Woman s Board 114 Y. M. C. A 104 Y. W. C. A 104 Zone 101 ILLUSTRATIONS. Air 49 Arch of the Rising Sun 51 Argentine Building 81 Auto Trains 109 Board of Directors . . 113 Economical Luxurious Convenient The traveling public will find Chicago s newest ho tel a most convenient and comfortable home. Only hotel in Chicago with direct transportation at its doors to all parts of the city. Fort Dearborn Hotel Chicago Offtsite La Salle Street Station. La Salle Street at Van Buren. Every room an outside room with either bath or toilet. $1.50, $2.00, $2.50 -no higher HOTEL SHERMAN COMPANY Illllllllllllli A Land of Opportunity Thirty Years Time a paradise of Health in The Best Proposition in America all California there is no <; on the finest land in the entire West lovelier spot than the Sunset Lake Country. It s the Switzerland of Amer ica. Your visit to Cali fornia will be incomplete unless you see it. WE TAKE CARE OF THE SETTLER At every turn we rep resent him and look out for his interests. There are 500,000 acres adja cent to our line for sale on thirty years time. SIERRA NEVADA ROUTE Some of it may be leased on shares. In the settlement of these lands the homeseekers inter ests are our interests. The soil is dark loam; climate unsurpassed. Write NOW to R. M. COX, Gen. Mgr. Nevada Cali fornia Oregon Railway, Reno, Nevada, or M. KELSON, Colonization Agent, 451 Pbelan Building, San Francisco AN EXHIBIT OF KARPEN Sr u H A o R L A s ?SiB FURNITURE be made in the Manufacturers Building at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition Examples of the World s finest line of Upholstered Furniture will be displayed. Whether your taste be for delicately carved pieces for ar tistic effect or the luxuriously Upholstered Pieces, desired solely for comfort, you will find designs in this extensive line to meet your wants. You are cordially invited to visit the exhibit. S. KARPEN & BROS. CHICAGO NEW YORK Don t Fail to See the Display of Bean Spray Pump Co, Western Factory San Jose Calif. Eastern Factory Lansing Mich. MANUFACTURERS OF Hand and Power Sprayers Centrifugal Pumps Gas and Distillate Engines We have a complete exhibit of sprayer!*, pumps, and engines in> operation. You will find our display in the Palace of Horticulture just to the right of the Cuban Garden, which is located under the central dome, the largest and most magnificent dome the world. Make our location your Exposition Headquarters. 144 INDEX GENERAL Illustrations Continued Page California Building 100 Court of Palms 74 Detail Fountains of Setting and Rising Sun 55 End of the Trail 73 Effects of Illumination 127 Executive Officials Ill Feast of Sacrifice 61 First and Second Panels, Foun tain of the Earth 45 Floor Plan, Palace of Fine Arts 70 Fountain of Energy 16 Fountain of Spring 62 Four Elements 56 Group of Foreign Buildings.... 83 Mural Painting by Du Mond... 26 Mural Painting by Simmons.... 26 Nations of the East 54 Nations of the "West 53 North Sea 31 Palace of Fine Arts 68 Palace of Liberal Arts 35 Palace of Machinery 40 Panel on Rotunda, Palace of Fine Artd 69 Philippine Building 95 Plateresque Portal ..." 42 Pursuit of Pleasure 75 Rising Sun 23 Setting Sui. 22 Siam Building 86 South Gardens 12 Sutro Baths 116 Swedish Buildins 88 Third and Fourtn Panels, Foun tain of the tiarth 46 Washington Stare Building .... 98 Water Sprite Beauty and the Beast 37 Yacht Harbor and Esplanade... 65 Y. W. C. A. Building 105 ADVERTISEMENTS Classified AiluniK Machines. Dalton Adding Machine Co 130 Antograpmc Registers. United Autographic Register Co 138 Sing Fat Co. Leading Oriental Bazaar S.W. Cor. California St. and Grant Ave. CHINATOWN BRANCH Geary St., near Grant Ave. SAN FRANCISCO ALSO South Broadway at 6th St. LOS ANGELES, CAL. SEE OUR EXHIBIT Right Hard Entrance Chinese Government Building, next to Canada Building 145 View of Michigan Ave., Chicago, showing The Blackstone in the foreground The most talked of and the best thought of Hotel in the United States. Rates as low as $2.50 per day THE DRAKE HOTEL COMPANY, Owners and Managers 6 BELLEVUE- STRATFORD PHILADELPHIA, PA. 8OO ROOMS Considered by many to be the finest hotel in the United States. Beautiful Furnishings Cuisine and Service Unsurpassed The Bellevue-Stratford Hotel is under the same management as The Waldorf-Astoria NEW YORK 146 ADVERTISEMENTS Classified Baggage Transfer. Morton Special Delivery 130 Bolts. Flannery Bolt Co 135 Bonds and Lands. Van Bokkelen Bros 160 Carbon Remover. J. L. Yost Mfg. Co 130 Catalogue. Fine Arts Official 159 Certificates of Visitation. Foster, Capt. J. Rupert 9 Contractors Machinery. Edward R. Bacon Co 134 Counties. Alameda County, back Grounds Map Insert Humboldt County 125 Monterey County 120 Napa County 122 San Mateo County 118 Santa Barbara County 124 Sonoma County 123 Ventura County 119 Drawing Materials. Keuffel & Esser Co. .- 132 Electric Vehicles. Miniature Electric Vehicle Co... 140 Electrical Goods. Apple Electric Co 4 Splitdorf Electrical Co 4 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co Inside front cover Elevators. Otis Elevator Co. . 6 Engines, Gas and Distillate. Bean Spray Pump 144 Express Companies. American Express Co 159 Wells Fargo Co 138 Floor Covering and Carpets. Crex Carpet Co 142 Fruit Refining. Laughlin Fruit Refining Co 133 Food Products. Libby, McNeill & Libby...3rd cover San Francisco s Newest Hotel Facing the Plaza of Union Square, with an eight-minute car service to the Exposition, the Plaza Hotel offers an unsur passed home for a day, month, or indefinite period. 400 rooms, nearly all with private baths. Daily rates, European plan, $2.00 to $6.50. Dining room featuring a table d hote service Luncheon, 50c; Dinner, $1.00. Make your home while in San Francisco at the new Hotel Plaza N. W. Cor. Post and Stockton Sts. The Hotel Plaza is under the management of John G. Barker. 147 FRED. PPLAGEM ANN, PROP COR. POWELL &ELLISSTS. The Golden West Offers a convenient location from which to visit the Expo sition. On Powell Street, the location of the leading hotels. Rates single, $1.00 to $2.50 without bath. $2 to $4 with bath. Make reservations direct. RAJDKE & CO. 219 FOST STREET Three Doors Above Grant Avenue Two Blocks from the St. Francis or Palace Hotels The House of California Souvenirs CALIFORNIA PRECIOUS AND SEMI-PRECIOUS STONES, PANAMA-PACIFIC SOUVENIR SPOONS, CALIFORNIA NOVELTIES. Complete stock of DIAMONDS, JEWELRY, WATCHES and STERLING SILVER WARE, in the Best Prevailing Designs. Soecial Attention in Executing Rush Orders for Visitors Say "GRAND PACIFIC TO THE TAXI-DRIVER WHEN YOU REACH CHICAGO Now under the personal direction of JAMES T. CLYDE EUROPEAN PLAN $1.50 PER DAY UPWARDS LOCATION in the center of everything. Famously good Restaurants and Cafes. BIGGEST, BRIGHTEST and BEST SAMPLE ROOMS WITH BATH IN THE CITY. A modern hotel with courteous personal attention. CORNER JACKSON BOULEVARD AND CLARK STREET 148 WEAR Mayerle s Eyeglasses Avoid annoyance and inconvenience in changing glasses when you wish to see far, or near, as the case may be. Both the reading and distance corrections are combined in one lens. They develop your memory as well as rapidity and accuracy of vision, and are such a help to the mind that you can EASILY REMEMBER what you See, Read or Study. May erle s Glasses are absolutely guaranteed GEORGE MAYERLE Graduate Optician and Optometrist Established 20 Years 960 MARKET ST., Sail Francisco ppposite the Empress Theater Mayerle s Eyewater Freshens and Strengthens the Eye At Druggists, 50c; by Mail, 65c. Telephone Franklin 3279 Open Evenings by Appointment Hotel Appleton SAN FRANCISCO Opened to the public May 1, 1915 Located in the heart of down town San Francisco A hotel of modern appoint ments in every respect. Cafe a la carte in connection. Rates: 1 person, without bath, $1.00 up 2 persons, " 1.50 up 1 person, with bath.... 1.50 up 2 persons, .... 2.00 up Cars pass door to Exposition HOTEL APPLETON 240 O FARRELL ST. near Powell L. B. FAUGHT, Prop. The Newhouse Hotel Salt Lake City s Newest 400 rooms, fire-proof, each room with a bath, and an outside room RATES $1.50 AND UPWARDS Beautifully furnished, ab solutely first class in every respect. Open for business March 27, 1915 F. W. PAGET, Manager 149 Exhibits of the following firms are in the Palace of Manufacturers ACETYLENE OXYGEN PROCESS WELDING Davis-Bournonville Apparatus An active demonstration of this wonderful process can be seen at our exhibit booths at the Collective Gas Exhibit in the Manufacturers Building. Davis-Bournonville Acetylene-Oxygen Welding and Cutting Apparatus is celebrated for efficiency and economy. Helpful co-operation and instructions are points of vital interest to purchasers and this service is extended through all Davis-Bournonville Branches. In connection with our branch in San Francisco, we conduct an extensive custom welding department where work in large variety is carried on and thus offering appara tus purchasers practical experience under very favorable conditions. METAL WELD COMPANY 19 to 25 Minna St. San Francisco Representatives for DAVIS-BOURNONVILLE Co., Welding Apparatus and Supplier. Manufacturers of ELECTROLYTIC OXYGEN for Welding and Cutting. Our Custom Welding Department is completely equipped for all classes of work, in cluding operators and equipment for outside work. Full information at our exhibit or we will gladly forward same by mail on request. ADVERTISEMENTS Classified Page Page Foundry and Machinery. Grand Pacific Hotel, Chicago... 148 Bond Co., Chas ................ 131 Great Northern Hotel, Chicago. 129 Furniture. Hotel Adams, Oakland, back of Ground Map ............... Insert S. Karpen & Bros ............. 144 Berkeley> back Heating and Lighting. of Ground Map ............ Insert Utility Gas Appliance and Sales Hotel Crellin, Oakland, back of Co . . ................ 138 Ground Map ............... Insert Hotel Del Monte, Del Monte ____ 121 Hotels and Apartments. Hotel EHIg Oakland, back of Antlers Hotel, Colorado Springs 137 Ground Map ............... Insert Appleton ..................... 14,9 Hotel Harrison, Oakland, back Bellevue-Stratford, Philadelphia 146 o f Ground Map ........... .Insert Blackstone, Chicago .......... 146 Hotel McAlpin, New York ...... 8 Berkeley Inn, Berkeley, back of Hotel Morse, Berkeley, back of Ground Map ............... Insert Ground Map ............... Insert Braemar Hotel, Berkeley, back Hotel Monteleone, New Orleans. 126 of Ground Map ............ Insert Hote] Qakland Oakland, back of DUb " n Cany n 135 Around Map ............... Insert .. . .. Fort Dearborn Hotel, Chicago.. 143 Hotel J laza San Francisco.. 147 Golden West Hotel, San Fran- Hotel San Pabl - Oakland, back Cisco ....................... 148 of Ground Map ............ Inr t ISO The outside of the wonderful Palaces of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition Are Painted with L. & S. Cement Paint THE PAINT PRODUCTS CORPORATION Sole Manufacturers LAIRD & SINCLAIR SHARON BUILDING Distributors SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. IS THAT SO! WELL ! The inside of these Palaces were painted with a trainload of 28 cars of BLENIO FIREPROOF OILINE PAINT Manufactured only by THE ADAMANT PAINT COMPANY Office, 8 PINE ST., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Factory, WEST BERKELEY, CAL. 151 Paul Elder (2& Company San Francisco Publisher No. 239 Grant Avenue, San Francisco Cor. Ave. D and 2nd St., Palace of Liberal Arts, P.P. I.E. "DOOKS on California, San ^"^ Francisco and the Expo sition. A few prominent titles : " Nature and Science on the Pacific Coast," "The Art of the Exposition," " Bohemian San Francisco," "California the Beautiful," "The Old Spanish Missions of California," "Yosemite Flora," Etcetera, Etcetera. Classified Catalogue on Application ADVERTISEMENTS Classified Page Hotel Shattuck, Berkeley, back of Ground Map Insert Hotel Sherman, Chicago 141 Hotel St. Marks, Oakland, back of Ground Map Insert Hotel Touraine, Oakland, back of Ground Map Insert Inside Inn, Exposition Grounds. 136 Key Route Inn. Oakland, back of Ground Map Insert Menger Hotel, San Antonio 129 Newhouse Hotel, Salt Lake City 149 Nippon Mura, Los Gatos 131 Pacific Grove Hotel, Pacific Grove 121 Rice Hotel, Houston 131 Savoy Hotel, Denver 137 St. Charles Hotel, New Orleans. 126 St. James Hotel, San Francisco. 155 St. Paul Hotel, St. Paul 129 Apartment*. Castlewood, Oakland, back of Ground Map Insert Chesapeake, Berkeley, back of Ground Map Insert Laconla, Oakland, back of Ground Map Insert Lafayette, Berkeley, back of Ground Map Insert Peralta, Oakland, back of Ground Map Insert Industries Balkan States, Exhibits 156 Instruments for the Deaf. Little Gem Ear Phone 1 Insurance. Prudential Insurance Co 139 Jewelers. Radke Co .148 Walton & Company 153 Leather Belting. Bond, Chas., & Co 131 Schieren, Chas. A., Co... . 158 OPPORTUNITIES IN WESTERN STATES CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA STATE AND GOVERNMENT LANDS. Fine climate, fruit, stock, health and wealth. Booklet, ten cents. Write California State Land Information Bureau, Sacramento, California. 152 Machinery for Irrigation. California Corrugated Culvert Co 154 Western Gas Engine Corp 134 Manufacturers Agents. Parrott & Co 133 Milk. Pacific Coast Condensed Milk Co 160 United Milk Co 136 Mineral Waters Castalian 156 Murals Official Book. Wahlgreen Co., Publishers .... 157 ADVERTISEMENTS Classified Page Page . 130 Musical Instruments. Galleazzi & Sons, G Opticians and Optical Goods. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co 1 Mayerle, George 149 Oriental Bazaars. Sing Fat Co 145 Paints, Oils and Varnish. Adamant Paint Co 151 Fuller & Co., W. P 3 Hueter s 153 Laird & Sinclair 151 Portable Houses. Lundy, A. L. & L. B 131 INTERESTING and INSTRUCTIVE IS THE EXHIBIT OF Hueter s Superior Varnishes In the Northeast Corner of the Palace of Agriculture P. P. I. E Manufactured on the Pacific Coast since 1857 AWARDED GOLD MEDAL OF HONOR lack Gems totally different from all others of radiant iridescent beauty, the Black Opal stands pre-eminently the most magnifi cent of all precious stones. After enjoying the splendor of the Exposition visitors should see the wonderful collection of precious Opals, conceded to be the finest in the world, on display in the stores of WALTON C& COMPANY 145 GRANT AVENUE SAN FRANCISCO 348 SO. BROADWAY LOS AN GELES Also a collection of precious stones from California and all other parts of the world mounted in wonderfully odd settings peculiar to these establishments may be seen at these interesting stores, where GENUINE ARTICLES ONLY are offered for sale. 153 ADVERTISEMENTSClassified Page Pag Power Transmission Machinery. Railways. Bond Foundry & Machine Co.... 131 Nevada, California & Oregon <oin* oLtd 131 Pensylvana System . . . . . 128 Coupling Co., Ltd ............ 1 southern Pacific Ry ..... back cover Precious Stones. Western Pacific Ry ............. 10 Radke ........................ 148 Real Estate. Schorr Exhibit, A .............. 156 Calif . State Land information Walton & Co .................. 153 Bureau ..................... 152 Publishers. Nevada California Oregon Ry. . . 144 T-,,, p ~ -D 1 -.ro Southern Pacific Lands ......... 155 w2^ C "n PaU ............. ^ Van Bokkelen Bros ............ 160 Wahlgreen Co., The ........... 11 Woos ter Company ............. 130 Pumps All Kind*. Refrigerators. Bean Spray Pump Co ........... 144 Grand Rapids Refrigerator Co.. 125 IF You ARE INTERESTED IN GOOD ROADS IRRIGATION RAILROADS MINING You should see in operation Corrugated Road Culverts Smooth Metal Flume : Automatic Flood Gates Irrigation Gates,Tanks,Troughs, Etc. and learn why the material of which they are made ARMCO IRON is Rust-Resisting at Exhibit , Palace of Mines and Metallurgy 7th St., bet. Avenues C and D CALIFORNIA CORRUGATED CULVERT COMPANY LOS ANGELES : WEST BERKELEY Be Sure to Visit THE CHINESE FOOD AND TEA PARLOR Appetizing Chinese dishes prepared by experts in Oriental art. Prices most reasonable. Special 35, 50 and 65 cent lunches daily. Try our Gold Medal Tea; it s sure to please you. FOOD PRODUCTS PALACE Aves. B and C, 4th and 5th Sts 154 HOTEL ST. JAMES VAN NESS AVENUE, CORNER FULTON OPPOSITE THE CIVIC CENTER - - SAN FRANCISCO NO ADVANCE IN RATES ON ACCOUNT OF EXPOSITION #7.00 a Day SPECIAL RATES BY THE WEEK EDWIN SELIG, - - - Proprietor MAKING MONEY FARMING is a regular habit in Southern Pacific Districts. SOUTHERN PACIFIC LANDS for sale, suitable for fruits, grains and vegetables in desirable dis tricts in California, Northern Nevada and Northwestern Utah. You can have practically your choice of climate. Lands for MIXED FARMING and STOCK RAISING in Siskiyou Co., Calif., and Elko, Humboldt and Washoe Counties, Nevada, at $2.50 to $12.50 per acre. FRUIT AND GENERAL FARMING lands in Fresno Co., Calif., at $20.00 to $125.00 per acre. ALFALFA, GRAIN AND FRUIT lands in Los Angeles, Kern and San Bernardino Counties, Calif., at $15.00 to $50.00 per acre. DATES, FIGS, GRAPES, ALFALFA, COTTON, etc., in the EARLY CROP DISTRICT Coachella Valley, Riverside Co., Calif., $40.00 to $125.00 per acre. B. A. McALLASTER, Land Comm r C. E. WANTLAND, Gen l Sales Agt. Offices: 801 Flood Bldg., San Francisco, Calif. 410 Grosse Bldg., Los Angeles, Calif. Southern Pacific Building, Exposition Grounds, San Francisco 155 Castalian W a t e r Nature s Remedy for stomach and kidney troubles. Effective for diphtheria, quinsy sore throat, varicose veins and blood poisoning. Not a Patent Medicine, but a Natural Mineral Water mined in Cali fornia. Awarded the Highest Award at the California State Fair, 1880; Louisville Exposition, 1885; New York Fair, 1886-1888, and Chicago Columbian Exposition, 1893. Sold in All Drug Stores. Descriptive circular sent Free. J. P. FORBES & CO. - ALAMEDA, CALIFORNIA Free samples at exhibit, Food Products Palace, P. P. I. E. San Francisco, 1915 ADVERTISEMENTS Classified Restaurants. Steamship Lines. Chinese Food and Tea Parlor. . . 154 American Hawaiian S. S. Co 132 Golden Pheasant 130 Cunard Steamship Co 2 Holland America Line 134 American Coal Product- Co 157 ^^fT^^^^^. . . 132 Road Culverts. Toilet Articles . California Corrugated Culvert Arlington Co., The 133 Company 154 Laughlin Fruit Refining Co 133 Road Machinery. Travelers Checks. Bacon & Co., Edward R 134 American Bankers Assn 7 n mf American Express Co 159 >ofs< Wells Fargo Company 138 Barrett Manufacturing Co 157 Typewriters Saws and Tools. Remington Co., The . . 5 Atkins & Co., E. C 1 Vacuum Cleaners. Disston & Sons, Henry 128 Clements Mfg. Co 135 Sculpture Official Book. Varnishes. Wahlgreen Co., Publishers 157 Hueter s 153 Souvenirs "Water Meters. Pant T Riinprt Q Neptune Meter Co 133 Pn Waterproofing Material. Co 148 Ceresit Waterproofing Co 9 Sprayers Hand and Power. Welding. Bean Spray Pump Co 144 Metal Weld Co. . 150 E Balkan States Exhibits Palace of Varied Industries, Ave. A* and 6th Street Showing the People in their native cos tumes and wonderful industries Headquarters, J5 Maiden Lane, New York City THE A. Schorr Exhibit Palace of Varied Industries, Avenue B* and 3rd Street Fine Gem Black Opal Table, Collection of American Pearls, Precious Stones and Antique Jewelry Headquarters, f 5 Maiden Lane, New York City 156 Make a Note to Visit the Exhibit of Tarvia Roads Tar-Rok Sub-Floors Sulphate of Ammonia Barrett s Coal Tar Pitches Barrett Specification Roofs Barrett s Grade One Liquid Creosote Oil Everjet Paint Velvex Creosote Shingle Stains Roofing, Building and Sheathing Felts and Papers Benzols, Toluols, Carbolic Acids, Disinfectants, Aniline Dye Bases and other Coal Derived Chemicals American Coal Products Company Barrett Manufacturing Company Ave. D and Seventh St. Mines and Metallurgy Bldg. THE ONLY COMPLETE, OFFICIAL AND APPROVED HANDBOOK on the SUBJECT The Sculpture and Murals OF THE PANAMA-PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION By STELLA G. S. PERRY Gives the location, symbolism, and meaning of all statuary and mural paintings on the grounds, with information con cerning the sculpture and artists. Indispensable to a proper understanding and enjoyment of the superb works of art which enrich the Exposition s architecture. On sale on the Grounds and at all ncwstands PRICE 50 CENTS Published by THE WAHLGREEN Co., Official Publishers to the Panama-Pacific International Exposition 157 NATURES EXPOSITION AND ALL -THE -YEAR VACATION GROUND R VISIT- SEE IT ALL San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley and Bay Region Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys Santa Clara, Pajaro and Salinas Valleys Santa Cruz, Mountains and Big Trees Del Monte and Monterey Bay Points Byron, Paraiso, El Pajaro and Gilroy Hot Springs Yosemite National Park Mariposa Big Tree Grove Lake Tahoe and Sierra Region Kings and Kern Rivers Canyons Lake County Resorts and Springs Paso Robles Hot Springs, Santa Barbara and Coast Country Los Angeles and its Beaches Pasadena, Riverside and Redlands Imperial and Coachella Valleys Shasta Springs and Resorts Klamath Lake Region and Crater Lake Willamette, Umpqua and Rogue River Valleys Portland, Tacoma and Seattle For Fares, Train Service and Descriptive Booklets inquire at Southern Pacif Building, near Fillmore Street Entrance, Exposition Grounds, or at Ticket Office in Flood Building, Palace Hotel, Third Street Stati j, Ferry Station, San Franciscj SOUTHERN /PACIFIC! THE EXPOSITION LINE-FIF IN SAFETY RETURN CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT TO + 202 Main Library LOAN PERIOD 1 HOME USE 2 13 4 5 1 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS Renewals and Recharges may be made 4 days prior to the due date. Books may be Renewed by calling 642-3405. DUE AS STAMPED BELOW MAR 08 1994 pFCEIVElp m ^ 4 r n A v n A ifv PHAI u j iTjujyj ^ ^ v __ 4 r! -" ""*" MAY u y |Q; -:CL5LA!! r J!\ L it:;"!. MAY n 1 1QQQ nAT n ! OCT 2 2000 a^94 ,..D1$< 3^5 JAN & lift ! , , REC.MOFFITT ^ J C REC.CIRC. JAN 1835 JUH 1 ^ 2004 JUL2C ; ^v ^ 4, V t.UUT JUN 1S 1995 MAY.Un2006 T^l^K 1 B ^ u ^ FORM NO. DD6 UNIVERSITY OFJf ALIFORNIA, BERKELEY BERKEftr;CA GENERAL LIBRARY - U.C. BERKELEY