J^ 
 
 E't: 
 
 mo ^ 
 


 Si§ 
 
 
 Si? 
 
 ^: 
 
 
 m 
 
 iSi 
 
 
Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive 
 
 in 2008 witii funding from 
 
 IVIicrosoft Corporation 
 
 littp://www.arcliive.org/details/educationalcodeoOOprusricli 
 
THE EDUCATIONAL CODE OF THE 
 PEUSSIAN NATION. 
 
'^<l vCt--- 
 
 THE 
 
 EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PRUSSIAN NATION, 
 
 IN ITS PRESENT FORM. 
 
 IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE DECISIONS OF THE COMMON 
 
 PROVINCIAL LAW, AND WITH THOSE OF 
 
 RECENT LEGISLATION. 
 
 LONDON: 
 0. KEGAN PAUL & CO., 1, PATERNOSTER SQUARE. 
 
 1879. 
 
 J. C Ccbrmn, 
 

EDITOR'S PREFACE, 
 
 "A word fitly spoken is like apples of gold in pictures of 
 silver." — Proverbs xxv. 11. 
 
 The daily press teems at this juncture with letters 
 treating of the vexed question of national edu- 
 cation ; with inquiries as to what is and should 
 be that education's aim; with suggestions as to 
 the best method for its attainment ; with com- 
 plaints of the ever-increasing costliness of the 
 Education Act passed in 1870; with well-authen- 
 ticated statements of the total failure of the 
 Department's enactments to meet the educational 
 requirements of the various grades of the popu- 
 lation for whom it legislates, — I mean the working 
 classes. 
 
 We English, it is herein made manifest, talk 
 more and know less of what education is than any of 
 the peoples of Western Europe, or than that of the 
 
 aS 
 
 248879 
 
VI EDITOR'S PREFACE. 
 
 United States of America. The formula set forth 
 by the late Sir Thomas Wyse, in his exhaustive 
 work, published in 1835 and entitled '* Education 
 Eeform," states, perhaps more tersely and compre- 
 hensively than any other treatise on the subject^ 
 what the true aim of education is : "To enable 
 men and women to perform their duty * Here,' that 
 they may win immortality * Hereafter.' " 
 
 A friend has just placed in my hands, and at 
 my disposal, with the following remarks, the ac- 
 companying able translation of the Prussian Code 
 which (with modifications) has been in opera- 
 tion in that country for the last eighty years: — 
 ** Knowing that you simply wished to call the 
 attention of English readers to the merits of the 
 German educational system, with its graduated 
 schools carefully adapted to meet the wants of 
 children of every rank, and its teachers specially 
 taught and trained according to the situations 
 which they are destined to occupy, I have of 
 course left much of the ' Schulrecht ' untrans- 
 lated, viz. the whole of the second part of that 
 Code, consisting mostly of regulations of local, or 
 provincial application, and all such paragra phs of 
 the first (and larger) part as treat of matters that 
 
EDITOR'S PREFACE. Til 
 
 have no direct bearing on popular education, 
 e,g, the payment of the teachers." That Code, on 
 examination, will be found to be something wholly 
 different from the legislation tried and found to be 
 such a decided failure, after its nine years' opera- 
 tion in England. I therefore think it superfluous 
 to bespeak indulgence for the performance of the 
 manifest duty of submitting it to the serious study 
 and patient investigation of all who desire the 
 moral and intellectual advancement of their com- 
 patriots, especially of those of the artisan classes. 
 
 ANNA MAKIA GOLDSMID. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Schools and universities are national insti- 
 tutions, of which the object is the instruction 
 of youth in useful knowledge, and in the 
 sciences. 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 General Kemaeks ....... 1 
 
 Elementary Schools ..... 5 
 
 The Teacher — his Education and Special Training . 16 
 
 EXASIINATIONS OF TeACHERS OP PeOPLe's AND MiDDLE 
 
 Schools, and of Rectors ..... 22 
 
 The School Inspectorate ..... 33 
 
 Rural School Inspection ..... 33 
 
 Urban School Inspection . . . . . 34 
 District School Inspectorate . . . .35 
 Inspection of the Educational Establishments op 
 
 Berlin ........ 36 
 
 Attendance at School ..... 36 
 
 Discipline ........ 47 
 
 Schools op the same Character as Elementary 
 
 People's Schools ...... 48 
 
 Jewish Schools ...... 49 
 
 Higher-Class Public Educational Establishments . 54 
 
 The Gymnasia ....... 54 
 
 Examinations op Teachers . . . . .57 
 
xii TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Examination for License to Teach ... 60 
 
 Examination fob Particular Offices ... 65 
 
 Examination for a Higher Office ... 67 
 Examination for the Office of Rector, or Director, 
 
 OF A Higher School . . . . .68 
 
 Of the Duties and Privileges of Teachers op 
 
 Higher- Class Schools ..... 70 
 
 Remarks on some of the Regulations of the Gym- 
 nasium ........ 72 
 
 On leaving the Gymnasium for the University . 74 
 
PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
THE EDrCATIOML CODE OF THE 
 PEHSSIAI^ MTIOI(. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 GENERAL REMARKS. 
 
 According to Article 21 of the Statute of Janu- 
 ary 31, 1850, sufficient provision must be made 
 for the education of the young, by means of public 
 schools. And further, parents or persons standing 
 in loco parentis (as guardians) must not suffer 
 children under their care to grow up, without 
 having gone through the course of study prescribed 
 by law for the public schools. 
 
 The Prussian Legislature has decreed that the 
 right of a child to attend a public school shall be 
 entirely independent of his religious denomination, 
 or that of his parents ; for, according to the 
 twelfth chapter of Part II. of the Common Law, 
 no one shall be excluded from any public school on 
 account of his creed, whatever that may be. And 
 
2 ' ••' THE'EDUOAtlONAL CODE 
 
 childi^en 'wka 'niay' legally, according to their 
 parents' wish, be brought u^d in another religion 
 than that taught in the public school, must not be 
 compelled to remain in the school during the hours 
 allotted to religious instruction. 
 
 If we must admit, consequently, that the imn- 
 ciple of secular education is generally recognized 
 by the Prussian State, we must also remark that 
 Article 24 of the Statute, in treating of the people's 
 schools, provides that, wherever and whenever 
 such schools are established, the denominational 
 statistics are to be ascertained, so that the pre- 
 dominant religious communities in each district 
 may conduct the religious instruction in these 
 schools. 
 
 Since schools are regarded as national institu- 
 tions, the State naturally claims the right of 
 inspecting them ; and it is enacted in Article 23 
 of the Statute: That all educational establish- 
 ments, whether public or private, are under the 
 supervision of inspectors appointed by the Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 The circumstance that the duty of inspecting 
 schools used to be left, for the most part, in the 
 hands of the clergy (through the influence, mainly, 
 of the local authorities), was due to the somewhat 
 too vague terms of Article 24 of the Statute. But, 
 in these days, ecclesiastical influence is no longer 
 considered advantageous in the management of 
 
OF THE PEUSSIAN NATION. 3 
 
 schools, in view of the contest now going on 
 between the Government and the so-called Ultra- 
 montane Party in the Eoman Catholic Church ; 
 and hence there was published, March 11, 1872, 
 a supplementary clause to Article 23, bearing on 
 the appointment of public school inspectors. 
 According to this clause, the duty of inspecting all 
 schools and colleges, whether public or private, 
 belongs to the State ; and all authorities or officials 
 engaged in carrying out the work of school in- 
 spection, are servants of the State. 
 
 The power to nominate local and district in- 
 spectors belongs exclusively to the State, as does 
 also the right to define the districts over which 
 these inspectors are to be distributed. The State 
 may at any time revoke the powers which it confers 
 on school inspectors, if their office is merely 
 honorary, or if they hold it only as a secondary 
 employment. But the existing right of com- 
 munities" to take a part, through their agents, in 
 the supervision of the public schools, is nowise 
 affected either by this Kegulation or by Article 24 
 of the Statute. 
 
 In the practical application of this law on school 
 inspection, the oversight of the schools has been 
 entrusted, for the most part — or, at least, in very 
 considerable part — to laymen ; and the schools 
 have fallen under the direct control of the State. 
 
 Eeligious instruction, in the public schools, is 
 
4 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 given by officers appointed by the various ecclesi- 
 astical authorities ; viz., in the Evangelical church, 
 by the highest court of the church, or by the 
 presbyteries, or by the general superintendents, 
 superintendents, or pastors ; in the Eoman Catholic 
 church, by ecclesiastics entrusted by the church 
 with authority to' make such appointments. 
 
OF THE PBUSSIAN NATION. 
 
 CHAPTEE II. 
 ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS. 
 
 SECTION I.— GENERAL REMARKS. 
 
 We must distinguish between elementary and 
 liigher schools. The former comprise people's 
 schools, middle schools, and other schools of a 
 similar class : the latter include normal schools, 
 gymnasia, and universities. 
 
 The term "People's School" is applied to such 
 schools as are devoted exclusively to primary 
 education; that is to say, in which the child is 
 taught only those rudiments of knowledge which 
 are necessary to every person of sound mind. In 
 most cases, the period of school attendance termi- 
 nates with confirmation. 
 
 The course of instruction to be given in these 
 people's, or primary, schools was prescribed at an 
 earlier date ; viz., in the Eegulation of October 3, 
 1854. This Eegulation was distinguished by its 
 excessively — it may even be said affectedly — 
 
6 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 religious character, and was constantly the occasion 
 of great mischief ; so that the present Minister of 
 Eeligion, who steadily aims at the j)romotion of 
 every movement in accordance with the liberal 
 views of the present day, caused a thoroughly 
 revised Code of Kules to be drawn up, as to the 
 management, duties, and scope of the Prussian 
 people's schools. This Code was issued October 
 15, 1872. The following are its most important 
 provisions : — 
 
 1. 
 Normal people's schools are schools in which 
 the children are distributed into several classes; 
 or schools in which there are tivo teachers ; or, 
 lastly, schools under one teacher^ which, however, 
 are either schools of one class or half-day schools. 
 
 2. 
 
 In schools of one class, all the childi'en of a 
 certain district, within the age at which attendance 
 at school is compulsory, are taught simultaneously, 
 and by a single teacher. The number in such 
 schools must not exceed eighty. 
 
 In these schools of one class, the younger chil- 
 dren receive instruction during twenty hours each 
 week ; those farther advanced receive instruction 
 during thirty hours each week ; and such instruc- 
 tion includes lessons in gymnastics for the boys, 
 and in needlework for the girls. 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATION. 
 
 Where the number of children in a school of 
 one class exceeds eighty, or where the school 
 accommodation is insufficient for eighty children, 
 or even for a smaller number, while the cir- 
 cumstances of the locality do not warrant the 
 appointment of a second teacher ; or in any other 
 contingency which may appear to render such a 
 measure necessary, a half-day school may be 
 established, with the consent of the Government, 
 for the classes of which, collectively, thirty-two 
 hours must be set apart, 
 
 4. 
 When two teachers are appointed in the same 
 school, that school must be divided into two 
 classes. If the number of scholars in such a 
 school exceeds a hundred and twenty, they must 
 be arranged in three classes. And* in schools of 
 three classes, twelve hours of instruction weekly 
 must be given to the third, or lowest class ; twenty- 
 four to the second ; and twenty- eight to the first. 
 
 5. 
 
 In schools of four or more classes, the children 
 of the lowest division are to receive weekly twenty- 
 two hours of instruction ; those of the intermediate 
 division, twenty-eight hours ; and those of the 
 highest division, thirty-two hours. 
 
S THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 6. 
 
 In schools of many classes, a division of the 
 sexes, in the upper classes, appears desii-able. 
 Where only two teachers are employed in such 
 schools, an arrangement should be made to estab- 
 lish two separate schools in place of one, each to 
 be divided into three classes, and one reserved for 
 boys, the other for girls. 
 
 7. 
 If in any locaHty there exist several schools of 
 one class each, the union of such schools into one 
 graded school should be effected, if possible. 
 
 8. 
 The schoolroom must be at least large enough 
 to admit of each child's having '6 metre (square) 
 of superficial area. Care must also be taken to 
 have the schooboom light, aii*y, well ventilated, 
 duly protected from the weather, and sufficiently 
 provided with window- curtains. There must also 
 be an ample supply of school tables and benches, 
 and these must be so constructed and placed that 
 every child may be seated and may carry on his 
 work without discomfort or injury to his health. 
 
 9. 
 
 The teacher must keep a log-book, an attendance 
 register, and a continuous report of the substance 
 
OF THE PBUSSIAN NATION. 9 
 
 of all the lessons taught in the school. A list of 
 the absentees must likewise be regularly kept. 
 
 10. 
 
 The people's school, even if of one class only, 
 naturally falls into three divisions, corresponding 
 with the different ages of the children, or the 
 stages of proficiency to which they may have 
 attained. If a peoi)le's school is of four classes, 
 there are two intermediate divisions ; if of six 
 classes, then each division is subdivided into two 
 classes. 
 
 11. 
 
 The subjects taught in the people's schools are 
 — religion, the German language (reading and 
 writing), arithmetic, the first principles of men- 
 suration ; drawing, history, geography, natural 
 history, gymnastics in the case of boys, in that of 
 girls, needlework. 
 
 13. 
 
 The object of religious teaching should be to 
 lead the children to a right understanding of Holy 
 Scripture, and of the doctrines of the church to 
 which they belong, in order to enable them to read 
 the Bible for themselves, and to take an active 
 
10 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 part in congregational work, as well as an intelli- 
 gent interest in public worship. 
 
 14. 
 
 Children should be initiated in biblical studies 
 by a course of instruction in biblical history, 
 together with an explanation of consecutive por- 
 tions of Scripture. 
 
 In narrating scriptural anecdotes the teacher 
 should adopt a phraseology as similar as possible 
 to that of the Scriptures. He will thus more fully 
 bring out their religious and moral lessons, by 
 which he should seek to mould the characters, as 
 well as the minds, of his scholars, and so to render 
 his lessons really profitable. Formal religious 
 instruction should he carefully avoided. 
 
 19. 
 
 Instruction in German includes exercises in 
 speaking, reading and writing the language. 
 
 20. 
 In applied arithmetic, the children of the lowest 
 division are expected to perform simple operations 
 on any numbers, from one to one hundred, inclu- 
 sively ; those of the second division must practise 
 similar operations on numbers of unlimited magni- 
 tude ; while those of the senior division must be 
 
I 
 
 OF THE PEUSSIAN NATION. 11 
 
 taught liow to calculate averages, and, also, the 
 rules of iDractice, reduction, and simple proportion. 
 The course for the higher class should include 
 calculations in vulgar fractions, with a|)plications 
 of the same to ordinary mercantile operations, and 
 an introduction, at least, to the knowledge of 
 decimal fractions. 
 
 In schools of many classes the arithmetical 
 curriculum is extended in the more advanced 
 classes ; calculations of profit and loss of a com- 
 plicated character are introduced ; and to the study 
 of decimal fractions is added that of the square 
 and cube roots. 
 
 In the practical application of these rules, the 
 teacher should seek above all to impart the know- 
 ledge essential for commercial life ; and special 
 care must be taken to choose exercises for the 
 scholars perfectly similar to the actual trans- 
 actions of practical use in the counting-house 
 or shop. 
 
 By such exercises the scholars are speedily 
 familiarized with the ordinary system of measures, 
 weights, and coinage. 
 
 21. 
 
 In geometry the prescribed requirements are — 
 a knowledge of the properties of the line, and of 
 the angle with its varieties, of the triangle, of the 
 square, of regular figures, of the circle with its 
 
12 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 -circumference, segments, etc., and of rectangui'al 
 bodies generally. 
 
 22. 
 All the childi-en must practice drawing in the 
 school simultaneously. They must all learn from 
 the same models ; and they are all exi3ected to 
 acquire, by the constant exercise of hand and eye, 
 such facility in the art, as to be able to copy any 
 figures placed before them, and even to represent 
 such figm*es in enlarged or diminished proportions, 
 with the help of a ruler, a measure, and a pan* of 
 compasses. At a more advanced stage, children 
 who show a real talent for drawing have also an 
 opportunity of copying sketches which are placed 
 before them. 
 
 23. 
 
 Mechanical methods of teaching history, geo- 
 graphy, and natural history are now entirely 
 abohshed. The use of lists of dates, or of kings' 
 reigns, or of names of countries and towns with 
 their population, or of names and characteristics 
 of animals and plants, is therefore forbidden. 
 
 In history, prominent events and striking 
 anecdotes of the ancient period of German history 
 are to be read by the scholars ; but only from the 
 date of the Thii-ty Years' War, and the reign of 
 the great Crown Prince, is the national history 
 to be studied consecutively. 
 
OF THE PKUSSIAN NATION. 13 
 
 The first lessons in geography must treat of the 
 province to which the children belong ; after that 
 a knowledge of the geography of the whole Ger- 
 man empire, and of the principal features of the 
 surface of the whole earth should be acquired. 
 
 The objects of instruction in natural history are 
 — human life ; the body, its form, its parts, its 
 habits and wants ; the animals, vegetables and 
 minerals of our own country ; the great, wild 
 animals of foreign lands ; the animals and the 
 flora of the East; and those cultivated plants, the 
 products of which are in daily use among us (as 
 the cotton plant, the tea shrub, the coffee tree, the 
 sugar cane). 
 
 In this department of instruction, the scholars 
 should gradually be led to understand the ordinary, 
 natural phenomena constantly under their notice. 
 
 24. 
 
 Singing lessons should consist of the practice of 
 chorals and ballads, alternately. 
 
 25. 
 
 Boys of the middle and upper divisions must 
 learn gymnastics during two hours each week. 
 Whenever it is practicable, all girls in the middle 
 and upper divisions of schools must practise needle- 
 work, two hours weekly. 
 
 A cursory glance at the above regulations serves 
 
14 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE" 
 
 to show how well the present Pnme Minister under- 
 stood the business of the people's schools, and how 
 admirably he succeeded in laying the foundation 
 of a national system of education. He must have 
 been guided, in drawing up his code, by the 
 principle that the future of a country lies in the 
 hands of those who instruct her youth. Every 
 rule which he prescribes has a distinct reference 
 to the requirements of ordinary, citizen life. Ee- 
 ligion has its own fitting place in education as- 
 signed to it ; but it is no longer set forth, as it 
 used so preposterously to be, as the one sole end 
 and aim to which all instruction must converge, 
 whatever branch of knowledge might be taught. 
 And the senseless method of learning by rote is 
 entirely forbidden, as in no way serving the piu'- 
 poses for which it was designed. 
 
 There exist, under the names of burgher schools, 
 middle schools, rectorial schools, higher boys' 
 schools, or town schools, a considerable number of 
 establishments, which offer, on the one hand, to 
 their scholars a higher education than that which 
 can be given in the graded people's schools ; while, 
 on the other, they exhibit a curriculum much 
 better adapted to prepare the young for com- 
 mercial or industrial life than that followed in 
 higher class schools, for the most part. (Eegula- 
 tion by the Minister of Public Worship, October 
 15th, 1872.) 
 
OF THE PEUSSIAN NATIO>^. 15 
 
 In terms of the above-mentioned regulation, these 
 middle schools must be managed in accordance 
 with the following rules : — 
 
 1. They are not to supersede the schools of the 
 people, in any locality; they are to supplement 
 them. Each must have at least five graded classes, 
 with an attendance of not more than fifty scholars. 
 It may, however, be arranged that the highest class 
 of a six-classed people's school shall work on the 
 plan of the middle school. 
 
 2. Instruction in the middle school must be so 
 arranged as to be a continuation of the course pre- 
 scribed for the people's school of six classes. If 
 there are only five classes in the middle school, 
 the syllabuses of the three lower classes must 
 be so distributed as to serve for two classes. If 
 there are more than six classes, an extension of 
 the general syllabus takes place. 
 
 Instruction is to be given only by teachers who, 
 having passed the regular examinations, are re- 
 cognized as competent for their office. 
 
 It would be tedious to describe the curriculum of 
 the middle schools minutely here ; suffice it to say, 
 that, to the subjects taught in the elementary 
 schools are added one (or, if required, two) of the 
 living languages (French, EngHsh), with Latin 
 where it is wished. When Latin is taught, it is 
 intended as a preparation for the lower classes of 
 the gymnasia ; therefore the method of that gym- 
 
16 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 nasium to which the greater part of the students 
 of this hranch are likely to go, is adopted in teach- 
 ing it in a middle school. 
 
 SECTION II.— THE TEACHER. 
 I. His Education and Special Training. 
 
 Teachers of people's schools are, as a rule, pre- 
 pared for the duties of their future calling in the 
 seminaries. These institutions, which are con- 
 ducted with almost monastic strictness, keep their 
 students, as much as possible, from any com- 
 munication with the outer world, in order that 
 they may devote themselves exclusively to their 
 studies; a plan which is frequently attended by 
 unhappy results* 
 
 The Government, having ascertained that the 
 seminaries do not, in all respects, answer their 
 purpose, have, in the educational code about to 
 be issued, dkected certain alterations in their 
 system of management. 
 
 Young people who intend to become teachers 
 are usually j)repared for the special training of 
 the seminaries, in institutions called preparatory 
 schools. But it is not indispensable to attend 
 such schools before entering a seminary. 
 
 Prior to the annual admission of students, a. 
 public examination takes place in each seminary,. 
 
OF THE PKUSSIAN NATION. 17 
 
 with regard to which the Minister of Pubhc 
 Worship issued, on October 15, 1872, the follow- 
 ing orders : — 
 
 1. 
 
 Every teachers' seminary must appoint an 
 annual examination, at which all young persons 
 who desu'e to become students in the seminary 
 must present themselves. The date of this exami- 
 nation must be publicly advertised by the pro- 
 vincial school college, in the official advertiser. 
 
 All such persons — being within the prescribed 
 limits of age — as have given due notice of their 
 intention to present themselves at this examina- 
 tion must be admitted to it impartially, provided 
 that they can produce certificates of blameless 
 character and sound health, and can also prove 
 themselves possessed of means to support them- 
 selves at the seminary, during the whole course of 
 training ; whether their previous studies have been 
 carried on in people's schools, middle schools, 
 gymnasia, technical schools, or preparatory schools, 
 or privately. 
 
 3. 
 
 Notice of purpose to attend the examination 
 must be lodged, at least three weeks before the 
 
 
 
18 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 date of it, with the dkector of the seminary, whose 
 duty it is to obtain proof of the correctness ot 
 certain certificates which must be enclosed with 
 such notice; and, having done so, and satisfied 
 himself that all the conditions required are ful- 
 filled by the applicant, to send him a formal 
 l)ermission to attend the examination. But no 
 applicant, havuig ah-eady failed at three such 
 examinations, can be permitted to present himself 
 at a fourth. 
 
 4. 
 
 Applicants for admission to this examination 
 should be at least seventeen, and not more than 
 twenty-four, years of age. But the college may 
 occasionally permit the attendance of students of 
 more advanced age, provided that no exception can 
 be taken to their character or antecedents. 
 
 Each examinee who has passed this preliminary 
 examination, must thereafter submit to a medical 
 examination, by the surgeon of the seminary, on 
 whose opinion as to his soundness of body depends 
 the final determination of the case. 
 
 6. 
 
 The examination must be conducted by the 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATION. 19 
 
 autliorities of the training seminary, presided over 
 by a commissioner from the provincial school 
 college. 
 
 7. 
 
 The examination must be both in writing and 
 oral. The examinee will be required to prepare a 
 short essay on some given subject, within the 
 range of his own knowledge or experience ; and 
 also to hand in written answers to a list of ques- 
 tions proposed to him, on the various subjects 
 appointed for the examination. The oral part 
 of the examination must include every branch of 
 knowledge taught in the seminary; viz., religion, 
 the German language, arithmetic, geometry, geo- 
 graphy, history, natural science, writing, drawing, 
 music, and gymnastics. 
 
 But methods of teaching must not be included 
 as subjects in this preliminary examination. The 
 annual admissions to the seminary must take 
 place immediately after the results of the examina- 
 tion have been declared. 
 
 There must be a director at the head of the 
 seminary, with as many subordinate masters as 
 may be requisite for the various departments. 
 
 A new method of teaching, and a new syllabus, 
 were issued by the Minister of Public Worship 
 for the Eoyal Teachers' Seminaries, on October 
 15, 1872. This is one of the measures by 
 
20 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 which he has deserved the credit of having effected 
 substantial improvements. Our space will not 
 admit of our introducing in detail all the para- 
 graphs of his method and syllabus. We shall 
 only remark that he evidently keeps in view, 
 throughout, the grand object of filling the semi- 
 naries with really able students, capable, not only 
 of being trained as schoolmasters, but of being 
 developed into thoroughly efficient, practical men. 
 
 It may, however, be useful to adduce the follow- 
 ing leading instructions : — 
 
 The com-se of study at a seminary must extend 
 over three years. 
 
 Every seminary must have two schools in- 
 separably connected with it ; viz., a graded people's 
 school, and a one-classed people's school. In these 
 the advanced students of the seminary are to 
 practise teaching. 
 
 The students must be distributed, for the pur- 
 pose of instruction, in three groups. 
 
 In the lowest group — or third class — the business 
 is to bring all the junior pupils (who may probably 
 have arrived at the seminary in many various 
 degrees of intellectual progress) to the same level ; 
 Bo far, at least, as that all may be in a condition 
 to receive the same course of instruction, and 
 simultaneously. 
 
 In the middle group — or second class — the stu- 
 dents acquire that extended knowledge, in each 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATION. 21 
 
 branch of study, which will be necessary to them in 
 after life, when they are called upon to impart 
 what they know to others. 
 
 In the highest group— or first class — the special 
 training of the seminary is completed ; and when 
 the students have attained to it, they begin to 
 practise the art of teaching, in the schools con- 
 nected with the seminary, under the guidance and 
 supervision of the professors. 
 
 Every student in the seminary is obliged to 
 learn all such subjects as are included in the 
 syllabuses prepared for the people's schools ; and 
 he must learn, besides, the art of teaching. 
 
 But the study of French, English, or Latin, is in 
 no case compulsory. 
 
 As a rule, the French language should be pre- 
 ferred to either of the others, as a subject of study. 
 
 The instruction given to seminary students 
 should be a model of that which they, in their 
 turn, will be expected to impart to their pupils. 
 
 As before stated, we must pass over all the 
 details of the course of instruction in the semi- 
 naries ; we ought not, however, to close the subject 
 without adding that it is entirely and conspicuously 
 free from that sectarian bias by which the course 
 prescribed in 1854 was disfigured ; and, in every 
 respect, admirably adapted to supply the educa- 
 tional requirements of the future teachers of the 
 people. 
 
22 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 The Seminary of Berlin ought to be mentioned 
 as specially well suited for the training of teachers 
 to be employed in towns' schools. It was organized 
 in accordance with an arrangement made by the 
 School CoUege, on February 13, 1833. 
 
 This arrangement has a threefold scope : — 
 
 1. To qualify teachers for towns' schools, both 
 theoretically and practically. 
 
 2. To promote the higher education of assistant 
 teachers in Berlin, by means of lectures and other 
 suitable methods, especially by granting them the 
 free use of the library of the seminary. 
 
 3. To give the theological students of Berlin an 
 opportunity of making themselves acquainted, 
 theoretically and practically, with the organization 
 and working of the people's schools. 
 
 II. EXAMLNATIONS OF TeACHERS OF PeOPLE's AXD 
 
 Middle Schools, and of Rectors. 
 
 On October 15, 1872, the Minister of Pubhc 
 Worship issued an order that such examinations 
 should be held, and with the following regula- 
 tions : — 
 
 I. — Examinations of Teachers of People's Schools, 
 
 1. 
 
 Having gone through the entire curriculum of 
 the seminary, each student must undergo a final 
 
OF THE PKUSSIAN NATION. 23 
 
 examination. Should lie succeed in passing it, lie 
 will receive a certificate entitling him to fill the 
 office of a teacher, provisionally. 
 
 2. 
 
 To this examination may also be admitted candi- 
 dates for the office of teacher, who have 7iot gone 
 through the curriculum of the seminary, if they 
 are at least twenty years of age, and if they are 
 able to produce competent testimony to their good, 
 moral character, and to their physical fitness for 
 their intended profession. 
 
 The examining body is to consist of the Com- 
 missioner of the Eoyal Provincial School College, 
 as president ; a commissioner from the governing 
 body of the province in which the seminary is 
 situated ; and the director, with the whole pro- 
 fessorial staff of the seminary. 
 
 The district school inspectors of the province 
 may be present at the examination. 
 
 The work to be done in writing is as follows : — 
 1. A composition, in German, on some topic 
 connected with scientific methods of training and 
 
24 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 educating the young ; or on the methods of teach- 
 ing the German language and literature. 
 
 2. An essaj^ on some religious subject. 
 
 3. The solution, fully written out, of three 
 problems in geometry and arithmetic. 
 
 4. Answers to three questions, of which one will 
 be in history, another in natural history, and the 
 third in geography. 
 
 5. The notation of a chorale, by such as have 
 taken lessons on the organ. 
 
 6. For those who may have studied any of the 
 voluntary subjects, there is added the translation 
 of an extract from a German author into a foreign 
 language, and that of a similar passage from the 
 foreign language into German. 
 
 6. 
 
 At the practical examination, the student must 
 prove his ability to teach, by giving a lesson on 
 one of the ordinary subjects of the school syllabus. 
 The topic of the lesson will be intimated to the 
 student, two days prior to the examination ; and 
 he will be required to bring with him copious notes 
 of the lesson which he has prepared. 
 
 The oral examination must embrace all the sub- 
 jects taught in the seminary. "When the written 
 work of a candidate is eminently good, the 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATION. 25 
 
 examiners are at liberty to dispense with the oral 
 examination, or with a part of it, in his case. 
 
 8. 
 
 In the case of Jewish candidates, religion must 
 not be included among the subjects of examination. 
 
 9. 
 
 On the ground of having passed this examina- 
 tion, candidates are to receive a certificate, to 
 which the committee of supervision must add an 
 attestation of the holder's being duly qualified for 
 the provisional tenure of the office of teacher of an 
 elementary school. 
 
 10. 
 
 At least two years, and at farthest five years, 
 after this first examination, the teacher of a 
 people's school must again present himself at one 
 of the teachers' seminaries of his own provincial 
 district, and there submit to a second examination, 
 in order to earn a certificate of fitness for a per- 
 manent appointment. 
 
 11. 
 
 The examining body is the same as at the 
 previous examination. The date of this examina- 
 tion must be duly intimated in the official 
 advertiser. 
 
26 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 12. 
 
 Notice of purpose to attend this examination 
 must be sent to the provincial college, at least 
 four weeks before the appointed date of it, through 
 the hands of the district school inspector. To- 
 gether with such notice, there must be enclosed : — 
 
 1. A certificate from the local school inspector. 
 
 2. An original essay by the examinee, on some 
 theme selected by himself, with an accompanying 
 affirmation that he has used no other help in com- 
 posing it than such authors as he may mention. 
 
 3. A drawing executed by the examinee. 
 
 4. A specimen of copy-writing. Both the draw- 
 ing and the handwriting he must certify to be his 
 own. 
 
 13. 
 
 The written examination, on this occasion, is to 
 consist of a paper on some detail of school organi- 
 zation ; an essay on some part of the prescribed 
 course of religious instruction ; and another essay 
 on some subject universally taught in the people's 
 schools. Jewish candidates must write two essays 
 of the latter description. 
 
 At the practical examination, the candidate must 
 give a model lesson on some one of the subjects in 
 the syllabus, of which he will be informed the day 
 before the examination. 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATION. 27 
 
 The oral examination consists of questions on 
 the history of teaching, the science of education, 
 the classification of schools, and the hest methods 
 of teaching individual branches. 
 
 14. 
 
 On the ground of having passed this special 
 examination, the examinee receives a certificate, 
 to which the committee of supervision annexes an 
 attestation, that the examinee is now duly qualified 
 for a permanent appointment. 
 
 II. — Examinations of Teachers for Middle Schools, 
 
 1. 
 
 A right to hold the position of teacher in middle 
 schools, and higher-class girls' schools, can be 
 obtained only by passing the examination for 
 teachers of middle schools. 
 
 2. 
 
 To this examination will be admitted — clergy- 
 men ; candidates for the pastorate ; candidates for 
 professorships in philology ; and any teachers of 
 people's schools who, having already passed their 
 second examination, have been able, since then, 
 to increase their knowledge and accomplishments, 
 to an extent beyond the requirements of their 
 actual position. 
 
28 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 3. 
 
 The date of this examination, which must be 
 held half-yearly, must be fixed by the school 
 college twice every year, and publicly intimated on 
 each occasion, a month beforehand. 
 
 4. 
 Notice of pm-pose to attend this examination 
 must be accompanied by — 
 
 1. An autobiographical sketch of the candidate. 
 
 2. Certificates of the education previously re- 
 ceived, whether in schools or universities, and of 
 the examinations already passed, whether in theo- 
 logical or philological institutions, or in one of the 
 seminaries. 
 
 3. A certificate from the proper authorities of 
 the actual efficiency of the candidate, in public 
 school work. 
 
 Those who have hitherto held no public office 
 must enclose, instead of the last mentioned cer- 
 tificate, — 
 
 4. An official certificate of blameless character. 
 
 5. An attestation of normal soundness of health, 
 given under the hand of a physician duly autho- 
 rised to examine such candidates officially. 
 
 5. 
 The examining body, whose sittings are held 
 within the provincial college, consists of a com- 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATION. 2[> 
 
 missioner from that college, as president; two of 
 the head officials, termed Government councillors ; 
 the director of a seminary ; the head master of a 
 seminary ; and the head master of a gymnasium : 
 the two last mentioned being nominated by the 
 Government councillors. 
 
 G. 
 
 The examinee must, within the space of six 
 weeks, write an original essay, in scholarly fashion, 
 on some theme assigned to him by the provincial 
 college. He must affirm that he has used no other 
 means of help in composing it, than such as he 
 may have indicated. 
 
 7. 
 
 This examination is of a two -fold character. 
 There must be a theoretical examination, written 
 and oral, and a practical examination. 
 
 8. 
 
 At the written examination, the candidate must 
 compose an essay on some point connected with 
 pedagogy; a translation (or translations) from a 
 German author into any of the foreign tongues, 
 for which he may desire to obtain a certificate ; a 
 translation (or translations) from the same tongue 
 (or tongues) into German ; and a paper on a 
 subject which will be assigned to him on one or 
 
30 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 other of the following branches of school know- 
 ledge — religion, history, mathematics, or natural 
 science. 
 
 9. 
 
 At the practical examination, the examinee must 
 give two model lessons, on different subjects. 
 
 10. 
 The oral examination, which is held in presence 
 of the whole body of examiners, consists of a series 
 of questions which may include the whole range of 
 subjects compulsorily taught in the public schools, 
 excei^t music, drawing, writing, and gymnastics. 
 
 11. 
 
 The candidate who has successfully passed this 
 examination, receives a certificate of fitness for the 
 office of head master in middle schools, or higher- 
 class girls' schools. 
 
 III. — Examinations of Rectors, 
 
 1. 
 
 The right to hold the position of director of a 
 seminary, or that of superintendent of a public 
 preparatory school, or rector of a middle or 
 higher-class girls' school, or to take the direction 
 of high-class private schools of the same description 
 
OF THE rrtUSSIAN NATION. 31 
 
 as the middle schools, can only be obtamed by 
 passing the rectors' examination. 
 
 To this examination will be admitted — (1.) 
 clergymen, teachers, candidates for the pastorate, 
 or for professorships in philology, who have already 
 passed the examination of middle-school teach- 
 ers, or that of higher-class teachers, and have 
 served as teachers in public schools, at least three 
 years ; (2.) clergymen, teachers, candidates for 
 the pastorate, or for professorships in philology, 
 who, having already been employed in one of these 
 offices, may, with the approbation of the provincial 
 college, be released from the usual obligation to 
 pass the preceding examination for middle-school 
 teachers, if, in the exercise of their office, they 
 have manifested exceptional abilities ; (3.) any 
 gentlemen of the classes specified in Nos. 1 and 
 2, who may be offered an appointment to a school 
 of which the curriculum is less extended than that 
 of the middle schools, but which has hitherto 
 always been directed by a rector ; or to a j)rivate 
 school of the same character as the graded people's 
 schools. 
 
 3. 
 
 The rectors' examination must be held half- 
 yearly, within the provincial school college, im- 
 
32 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 mediately after that for middle-school teachers, 
 and by the same body of examiners. It must be 
 duly intimated beforehand, in the official advertiser. 
 
 4. 
 
 Notice of purpose to attend this examination 
 must be accompanied by documents precisely 
 similar to those required from candidates for the 
 middle-school teachers' examination. 
 
 Each examinee will be required to compose, with- 
 in the space of eight weeks, a scientific treatise, on 
 some topic connected with the education and train- 
 ing of teachers, or with the organization of schools. 
 Along with this treatise must be handed in an 
 attestation that he has borrowed information from 
 no other sources than those which he may indicate. 
 
 The subject of the treatise will be assigned to 
 him by the provincial college. 
 
 6. 
 
 Such of the examinees as cannot produce 
 credentials of practical efficiency as teachers, will 
 be required to give a model lesson, but will be per- 
 mitted to select the subject of it. 
 
 The oral examination will be held in presence of 
 the whole examining body. 
 
 It will consist of questions ranging over the 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATION. 33 
 
 whole department of pedagogy, as well as on the 
 training of teachers, and on the connection of such 
 training with the science of psychology ; but 
 chiefly, however, bearing on method, school organi- 
 zation, aids in teaching, and literature suitable 
 for children and young people. 
 
 7. 
 After passing this examination, each of the 
 examinees will receive a certificate of his fitness to 
 hold the position of rector of a middle school, that 
 of director of a higher-class girls' school, or that 
 of superintendent of a public preparatory school. 
 
 SECTION III.— THE SCHOOL INSPECTORATE. 
 
 The superior officials charged with the super- 
 vision of public schools, have already been men- 
 tioned in the introduction ; we must now speak of 
 the local authorities who inspect schools in one 
 town only, or within a very limited district. 
 
 I. KuRAL School Inspection. 
 
 The inspection of country schools is commonly 
 carried out by school committees, consisting partly 
 of permanent members, partly of members who are 
 changed at regular intervals. The permanent mem- 
 bers are usually the great man of the parish, the 
 clergyman, and the mayor, or chief magistrate of 
 
 D 
 
oi THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 the community. The other members, of whom there 
 are usually from two to four, are fathers of families, 
 and are elected by the community. 
 
 The choice and organization of these committees 
 are regulated by instructions from head-quarters, 
 which, however, are not of the same character 
 in every district. In addition to this, a certain 
 control over the schools may be entrusted to the 
 local clergy ; but they have exercised it only in 
 the name of the State, ever since the School Code 
 referred to in the first part of this resume has been 
 in force ; and, ere they are permitted to hold any 
 such office, due care is taken to ascertain that they 
 acknowledge the authority of the code. Naturally, 
 the duties of local school inspection can be dis- 
 charged equally well by laymen, on whom they 
 now, indeed, devolve, for the most part. 
 
 II. Urban School Inspection. 
 
 The inspection of towns' schools is the business 
 of school deputations, as they are called. The 
 formation of these bodies was declared desirable 
 by an order of State, of date November 19, 1808 ; 
 and another order, of May 30, 1853, added to 
 their authority ; yet not unconditionally, since the 
 appointment of a school deputation in any town is 
 optional, not compulsory. 
 
 But the towns, almost without exception, have 
 now resolved to elect such deputations, each of 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATION. 35 
 
 which is composed of three magistrates, three state 
 officials, and three members, specially chosen as 
 well acquainted with the business of school manage- 
 ment. 
 
 All the members of deputations hold office during 
 a term of six years. 
 
 Meetings of school deputations take place at 
 certain fixed times, in the council-houses of their 
 respective towns. The magistrates control the 
 actings of these deputations ; the burgomaster 
 ordinarily presides at their meetings. There is 
 a local school inspectorate in each town, of which 
 we shall speak in the following paragraph. 
 
 III. District School Inspectorate. 
 
 The supervision of the schools of a district is 
 mostly in the hands of the district school in- 
 spectors, whose office was formerly exercised, in 
 nearly all cases, by Protestant clergymen or Catho- 
 lic priests, but is now entrusted only to persons 
 who have satisfied the Government of their loyal 
 adherence to the law as it at present stands. 
 
 The directors of seminaries also are obliged to 
 go over a portion of the districts for which their 
 seminaries provide teachers, every year, for the 
 purpose of inspecting the country schools. 
 
 Finally, the provincial magistrates, as organs 
 of the Government, must combine to inspect the 
 schools of their provinces, at stated periods. 
 
36 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 IV. Inspection of the Educational Establish- 
 ments OF Berlin. 
 
 Of course, a staff of school inspectors very much 
 larger than that of any of the other towns is 
 requisite for the Capital, where there is such an ex- 
 tensive system of schools. At the head of the Berlin 
 School Inspectorate are the magistrates, several of 
 whom are what are called school councillors. 
 Under their authority, the school deputations 
 examine and report on the schools. The several 
 schools are arranged under this or that deputation 
 respectively, according to circumstances. 
 
 Besides this, the rectors or head masters of all 
 large schools are bound to exercise a diligent super- 
 vision of the establishments over which they pre- 
 side. 
 
 * * * ♦ * 
 
 [Section IV. of this chapter is altogether omitted, 
 because it treats exclusively of the methods taken 
 to raise and distribute the money requisite for the 
 payment of the teachers and other officials em- 
 ployed in the business of the public schools of 
 Prussia, and contains no information regarding 
 the educational system of that country.] 
 
 SECTION v.— ATTENDANCE AT SCHOOL, ETC. 
 
 In the twelfth chapter of the second part of the 
 Common Law of Prussia, we find it decreed, that 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATION. 87 
 
 every inhabitant of the country who either cannot 
 or will not provide for the suitable education of his 
 children in his own house, is bound to send them 
 to a public school, on their having completed their 
 fifth (now more usually their sixth) year of life. 
 On this fundamental regulation are based a great 
 variety of minor ones, issued either by the Minister 
 of Public Worship, or by the Government, all 
 assuming the absolute necessity of universal and 
 thoroue[h education for the people. 
 
 1. 
 
 Exceptions to the rule that children must go to 
 school on the completion of the fifth (or sixth) 
 year, can only be permitted in the case of children 
 afflicted with some bodily ailment or mental 
 defect ; or in the case of such as live at a con- 
 siderable distance from any school, who may be 
 allowed by the authorities to postpone attendance 
 at school till after they have turned seven years 
 of age. 
 
 Children are obliged to receive the whole course 
 of instruction (excepting religious instruction) 
 given in the school which they attend, unless in 
 the cases where the teacher is specially authorized 
 to dispense with their presence at certain lessons. 
 
 2. 
 
 Every child must attend school regularly until, 
 
38 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 in the opinion of the district school inspector of 
 the locality, he has attained the amount of know- 
 ledge necessary to every person of sound mind in 
 his rank of life. 
 
 And the termination of the school period usually 
 coincides with the date of confirmation, in the case 
 of Protestant children ; in that of others, with the 
 completion of the fourteenth year. 
 
 3. 
 
 Admission to schools commonly takes place at 
 the half-yearly terms, it being arranged that all 
 children completing their fifth (or sixth) year, 
 between the 1st of January and the 30th of June, 
 enter school at the Easter term ; while those who 
 complete their fifth (or sixth) year between the 
 latter date and the 31st of December, are received 
 at the Michaelmas term. At these terms, parents 
 whose children have reached the school-going age 
 must intimate the same to the teachers, without 
 waiting to be summoned. 
 
 On the removal of families from one school 
 district to another, the heads of such families must 
 enter their children's names on the register of the 
 school of their new district within eight days after 
 their arrival. 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATION. 39 
 
 Protestant children are usually released from the 
 obligation to attend school, immediately after they 
 have been confirmed; other children, at the first 
 term (either Easter or Michaelmas) after they 
 have attained their fourteenth year. 
 
 School attendance can be dispensed with, prior 
 to the above-named periods, only in the case of 
 children of exceptional proficiency, which must be 
 attested by the teacher and the district school 
 inspector. 
 
 6. 
 
 Irregular attendance at school, and neglect to 
 enter the children's names on the school register 
 at the period prescribed by law, are statutory 
 offences, for which penalties are prescribed in the 
 Act of May, 1852. The local police authorities 
 have the power to issue a mandate to carry out the 
 judicial sentence against offenders, within ten days. 
 Should the mandate be incorrectly dated, the 
 police are empowered to put it in force within the 
 proper time. The penalty falls on the party whose 
 duty it is to provide education for the child or 
 children. 
 
 In existing wedlock this party is the father. If 
 the father is dead the duty devolves on the mother. 
 Failing both parents, the grandparents have the 
 
40 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 first right to the charge of the children ; and, after 
 them, brothers and sisters, uncles and aunts, etc. 
 
 In exceptional cases, the Court of Guardians 
 may commit the education of children to a 
 guardian, who thereafter assumes all the rights 
 and responsibilities of a parent in the education of 
 his wards. 
 
 When children of school-going age are serving 
 strangers, in the capacity of young teachers or 
 nursery maids, their masters, especially if these 
 are teachers, are held bound to care for the 
 education of the children thus retained in their 
 households, as if they were their parents or 
 guardians. 
 
 The judge of the Court of Guardians must pro- 
 vide for the education of the children of divorced 
 parents; and it rests with him to decide who is 
 to take authority over such children, and be 
 responsible for their attendance at school. 
 
 The education of children born out of wedlock is 
 ordinarily the duty of the mother, because she 
 generally undertakes to maintain them, at her own 
 expense, after they have completed their fourth 
 year. But should she refuse so to do, then the 
 father is obliged to bring them up. It sometimes 
 happens, however, that this duty cannot be en- 
 trusted to the father, without serious disadvantage 
 to his children ; and, in such cases, the Court of 
 Guardians may, if they think fit, place the children 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATION. 41 
 
 under their mother's care at the expense of their 
 father. 
 
 But, in case both the parents are ill-conducted 
 persons, the court ought to appoint a stranger as 
 guardian to the children ; and he must see that 
 they go to school regularly. 
 
 7. 
 
 The following arrangements have been adopted 
 in most of the provinces to insure regularity of 
 attendance at school. 
 
 In each school district a list of all the children 
 of school-going age must be framed, either yearly 
 or half-yearly as the circumstances of the locality 
 may require. This list must be appended to the 
 current syllabus of lessons which is published for 
 the schools of the district. 
 
 The collection of these statistics is the business 
 of the school deputations, in towns ; in rural 
 districts, it falls to the schoolmasters to frame the 
 lists ; but the school committees must ascertain 
 that these are correct, and carry out the intentions 
 of the Government with regard to them. 
 
 In towns, the magistrates, in rural districts the 
 chief magistrate, must provide the deputation, 
 committee, or schoolmaster with all such informa- 
 tion regarding the inhabitants of their communities 
 as may be requisite for the preparation of correct 
 lists of scholars. 
 
42 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 These lists must be handed to the teacher of 
 each school, at the beginning of the yearly or half- 
 yearly term. 
 
 Taking his list of scholars as a guide, each 
 teacher must regularly record the names of 
 absentees, in a book prepared for the purpose, 
 according to a prescribed form. 
 
 This list must exhibit every case of truancy 
 which occurs, even when a good reason for it has 
 been assigned. 
 
 Absence from school is justifiable only in the 
 following cases : — 
 
 1. On account of illness. A child's illness should 
 be intimated by the parent or guardian on the 
 third day, at latest, to the teacher, in order that 
 he may satisfy himself as to the real state of 
 matters. 
 
 2. If temporary leave of absence has been 
 granted to the child, on reasonable and sufficient 
 grounds. 
 
 The schoolmaster must apply for such leave of 
 absence, on behalf of any of his scholars, to the 
 local school inspector, from whom he should, as 
 a rule, receive a written form granting the same, 
 before he suffers the scholar to absent himself. 
 The local school inspector is empowered to grant 
 a child leave of absence for four weeks ; but if a 
 longer period is desired, it can only be granted by 
 the district school inspector. 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATION". 43 
 
 3. When the weather is very inclement, in the 
 case of children living at some distance from the 
 school. 
 
 The teacher should make a note of the days on 
 which the school attendance has been diminished 
 by the state of the weather, as that will serve to 
 account for the absence of scholars on the days 
 in question. 
 
 It rests with the local school inspector to decide 
 whether or not the reasons alleged by scholars for 
 absence from school, on any day, can be accepted 
 as sufficient. 
 
 Teachers are, as a rule, obliged to send monthly 
 to the local inspector two copies of their complete 
 list of absentees for the past month ; or should no 
 cases of absence have occurred within the month, 
 to intimate that fact to the inspector. 
 
 When fines are to be inflicted on negligent 
 parents, or guardians, who have failed to send 
 their children to school regularly, such deputations 
 or school committees must intimate the same to 
 the heads of police. 
 
 Money obtained by such fines goes to the school 
 fund. 
 
 If the parent or guardian pleads inability to 
 secure the regular attendance of his children at 
 school ; or if he will not exert himself to secure 
 it ; then the school deputation or school com- 
 mittee of the district may instruct the police 
 
44 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 authorities to send an officer to conduct such 
 refractory or neglected children to school daily, 
 until they acquire better habits and go thither of 
 their own accord. 
 
 Acts were passed, in March, 1837, and May, 1853, 
 regulating the employment of juvenile workers in 
 factories. 
 
 But these have been superseded, by the Factory 
 Act of June 21, 1869; regarding which we need 
 only say that its provisions apply equally to the 
 owners of mines, foundries, and quarries or pits. 
 
 The choice of the school which a child is to 
 attend rests with his guardians; but it must not 
 be what is called a hedge school. 
 
 Before a child can be received into any school, 
 his vaccination certificate must be produced. 
 
 With regard to school vacations, particular rules 
 and instructions have been issued, for each pro- 
 vince separately. To quote them in these pages 
 would, of course, be out of the question; but we 
 may cite the three chief rules, which are of uni- 
 versal application. 
 
 1. The schools must all be closed during the 
 three chief festivals of the church; and, on each 
 of these occasions, the vacation is to include, not 
 only the festival day, but the previous afternoon 
 and the following day, or next few days. 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATION. 45 
 
 2. During the harvest season, a vacation of 
 from four to six weeks must be allowed. The date 
 and length of this vacation ought usually to be 
 determined by the local authorities. 
 
 3. In addition to the above, holidays must be 
 allowed on the occasion of yearly fairs, school 
 examinations, and the like. National days of 
 rejoicing, as the king's birthday, are also to be 
 kept as school holidays. 
 
 The question of religious instruction assumes 
 practical importance chiefly in the case of mixed 
 marriages; i.e., marriages in which the contracting 
 parties are of different religious denominations. 
 
 In Chapter 2, of Part II. of the Prussian Com- 
 mon Law, it was decreed that the sons of such 
 marriages should follow the religion of their 
 father, and the daughters that of their mother. 
 But a statute of November 21, 1803, annuls this 
 decree, by prescribing that all children born in 
 wedlock must be educated in the religion of their 
 father, and that no parents have a right to enter 
 into any compact by which this legal obligation 
 may be set aside. By a ministerial proclamation 
 of August 17, 1825, mutual agreements, on the 
 part of parents, to act in contravention of the 
 law, in this particular, are pronounced to be null 
 and void. 
 
 Orphans must be educated in the religion of 
 their father. 
 
46 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 But, should the father have changed his religious 
 denomination on his deathbed, the children must 
 be brought up in that to which he formerly- 
 adhered. 
 
 If, however, such a change had taken place at 
 least a year prior to the death of the father ; and 
 if, during that period, the children were instructed 
 in his newly adopted religion, then they must con- 
 tinue therein, until they are fourteen years of age, 
 after which they are at liberty to choose for them- 
 selves to which church they will belong. 
 
 After the death of the father, the Court of 
 Guardians must take measures to secure that his 
 children shall be educated in his creed. 
 
 As has already been mentioned, children com- 
 monly leave school at the period of confirmation, 
 i.e., the solemn renewal of their baptismal engage- 
 ments ; and they then receive a certificate that 
 they have passed through the necessary com'se of 
 study. There is a prescribed formula for such 
 certificates. 
 
 As candidates for confirmation are obliged to 
 prove themselves acquainted with all the important 
 elements of religious knowledge, they always 
 undergo a special course of religious instruction, 
 in anticipation of this solemnity. 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATION. 47 
 
 SECTION VI.— DISCIPLINE. 
 
 Teachers are required to exercise tlie utmost 
 moderation in inflicting punishment. 
 
 To secure order in the school, a teacher may 
 employ not only admonition and reproof, but even 
 corporal chastisement, if necessary ; but the latter 
 must never be of such a nature as to endanger, 
 even remotely, the health of any child to whom it 
 is applied. 
 
 If a teacher punishes a child too severely, i.e., 
 BO as to inflict a wound or bruise on his person, 
 or to injure his health, a strict judicial investi- 
 gation into the circumstances must take place, 
 and the teacher is liable to be sued at law for 
 damages. 
 
 Should a teacher consider that he cannot subdue 
 the bad temper of any particular child, or correct 
 the tendency of such child to vicious or unruly 
 acts, by gentle chastisement, he must bring the 
 facts of the case before the local school inspector, 
 or the president of the school deputation or com- 
 mittee. 
 
 This officer must investigate the matter most 
 strictly ; and, having done so, must proceed, 
 together with the parents of the child, to adopt the 
 means which appear most likely to effect some 
 improvement in the child's disposition. 
 
 But, even under such circumstances, chastise- 
 
48 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 ment, though inflicted by the parents, must never 
 exceed the limits prescribed by law. 
 
 Any complaints by parents of undue severity to 
 children on the part of a teacher, must be formally 
 lodged with the school authorities. No parent is 
 permitted to intrude on a teacher, either in his 
 dwelling-house or in the schoolroom, for the pur- 
 pose of calling him to account for any part of his 
 conduct towards his scholars. 
 
 SECTION VII.— SCHOOLS OF THE SAME CHARACTER 
 AS ELEMENTARY PEOPLE'S SCHOOLS. 
 
 Under this head we reckon : creches, primary 
 schools, orphanages, ragged schools, foundling hos- 
 pitals, and training institutions for the deaf and 
 dumb, and for the blind. 
 
 All such institutions are founded with special 
 and definite objects. And as, generally speaking, 
 every one of them is governed by its own peculiar 
 laws, which have received a special, royal sanction, 
 it is not possible to include the whole of them in 
 any general description. Each pursues, in its own 
 way, the noble end of promoting the physical, 
 mental, and spiritual welfare of the particular class 
 for whose benefit it exists. And each, for the most 
 part, possesses certain corporate rights, and is 
 subject to national supervision. 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATIOX. 4D 
 
 SECTION YIIL— JEWISH SCHOOLS. 
 
 A decree of July 23, 1847, regarding the social 
 position of citizens of the Hebrew faith, contains 
 the following orders as to the education of Jewish 
 children. 
 
 § 60 (of the Act relating to the Jews). 
 
 As regards the requirements of the Education 
 Code, Jewish children are to be included, in the 
 school lists, with the other school-going children 
 of their district, and are held bound, in like 
 manner with others, to attend the ordinary, ele- 
 mentary, public schools. 
 
 §61. 
 
 Jews are obliged to send their children regularly 
 to one of the public schools of their district, during 
 the period of life when attendance at school is 
 obligatory, unless they can satisfy the proper 
 authorities that their children are receiving due 
 elementary instruction through some other channel, 
 ^'9'i by private domestic teaching, or by regular in- 
 struction in some other school, whether of public 
 or private character, where the kind and amount 
 of Imowledge required by the Government are im- 
 parted to the pupils. 
 
50 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 §62. 
 
 Jewish children are not expected to receive any 
 instruction in the Christian faith; but, instead 
 thereof, each synagogue is required to take means 
 to supply every child connected with it with 
 thorough instruction in the elements of his parents' 
 faith. And only such persons as have been de- 
 clared, by the State, competent to teach elemen- 
 tary schools, can be authorized to undertake the 
 special religious teaching of the young. 
 
 § 63. 
 
 As a rule, special schools for Jewish children 
 cannot be encouraged by the State. But it is 
 allowable for the Jews, in their own mterest (the 
 sanction of the school authorities having been ob- 
 tained), to form associations for the erection of 
 private seminaries for children of their own com- 
 munity. In such seminaries, all the existing regu- 
 lations with regard to secular instruction must be 
 complied with. 
 
 Moreover, whenever there exists, in any locality 
 or school district, a mixed population of Christians 
 and Jews, sufficiently numerous to enable the 
 authorities to establish a separate school for Jewish 
 children, without imposing any additional taxation 
 on the Jews, it is lawful for the authorities to 
 erect such a school, should the synagogue desire 
 
OF THE PEUSSIAN NATION. 51 
 
 it ; always provided that the common interests of 
 all the schools are in nowise injured thereby. 
 
 The sanction of the Government is necessary, 
 in order to the legal establishment of the separate 
 schools above mentioned. Therefore, the local 
 authorities, wherever such a scheme is contem- 
 plated, must, as a preliminary step, forward to 
 head-quarters a draft of their plans, with all 
 details and explanations requisite for a right un- 
 derstanding of the same. 
 
 Should the Government and the local authorities 
 concerned thereupon arrive at a mutual agreement, 
 as to the eligibility of the separation in question, 
 and as to the conditions on which it is to be 
 effected, the Government, being possessed of the 
 necessary powers, should forthwith proceed to the 
 completion of the business. 
 
 §67. 
 The functions of a Jewish school, established 
 according to sections 64-66, are precisely the same 
 as those of other public schools, and it possesses 
 equal rights with them. Every such Jewish school 
 should have particular regard to the following 
 rules : — 
 
52 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 1. Instruction in the school must be given in 
 the Ge;L*man language. 
 
 2. The erection and maintenance of a separate 
 Jewish school is expedient, only where the Hebrew 
 members of the community have not organized an 
 association to undertake the education of their own 
 children independently. 
 
 3. When the municipality is burdened with the 
 support of the local schools, the Jews must, on the 
 occasion of the erection of a sj^ecial school on their 
 behalf, demand the sum required for that purpose, 
 from the common municipal fund. The amount 
 of the sum allowed to them should be estimated 
 with due regard to the amount contributed by the 
 Jewish rate-payers to the common fund; to the 
 expenses which have abeady been incurred, in 
 the erection of ordinary public schools in the 
 place; and finally, to the diminution of the con- 
 stant, current expenditure on the ordinary system 
 of schools, by the withdrawal therefrom of Jewish 
 children, and their transference to separate schools. 
 
 Should the local parties concerned fail to arrive 
 at a friendly understanding with regard to an 
 affair of this kind, the terms on which the separate 
 school is to be permitted must be settled by the 
 Ministers of Public Worship and of the Home De- 
 partment. 
 
 4. When the Jews undertake the support of a 
 public school for themselves, they are, conse- 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATION. 53 
 
 quently, exempted from paying school rates, and, 
 in short, from all immediate and personal contri- 
 butions towards the maintenance of the ordinary 
 schools of the place. 
 
 5. The right to attend these separate Jewish 
 schools is strictly confined to children of the 
 Hebrew faith. But, as was stated in the intro- 
 ductory remarks, it was enacted on January 
 31, 1850, that, in organizing the people's schools, 
 aiid determining the character of the public, reli- 
 gious instruction to be given therein, the strictest 
 possible regard was to be had to the propor- 
 tions of the various religious denominations in 
 the population of each locality. So that there 
 are certain communities in which, according to 
 the scope of this enactment, and in terms of Acts 
 12 and 25 of the Education Code, the only public 
 schools must i)robably be Jewish ; and these 
 Jewish schools must be supported by the public, 
 just as Christian schools are, in most districts. 
 
 These extracts from the Code, relative to the 
 elementary schools of Prussia, are sufficient for our 
 purpose ; we now propose to turn our attention 
 to some of the regulations of the higher-class 
 educational establishments. 
 
54 . THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 CHAPTEK III. 
 
 HIGHER-CLASS PUBLIC EDUCATIONAL 
 ESTABLISHMENTS. 
 
 CLASS I.— THE GYMNASIA. 
 SECTION I.— GENERAL REMARKS. 
 
 The object of a gymnasium is to qualify students 
 of the male sex for entrance on the particular 
 course of study necessary for the profession which 
 they may choose ; in other words, a gymnasium is 
 an advanced school, which undertakes to prepare 
 youths for the university. 
 
 The subjects taught at the gymnasia are as 
 follows : The German, French, Latin, and Greek 
 languages ; theology ; the elements of philosophy ; 
 mathematics; physics; natural history; history; 
 and geograi)hy. The Hebrew language is taught 
 to those who purpose to study divinity. Finally, 
 as a means of developing and strengthening the 
 physical powers, gymnastics are practised. 
 
 Particular importance is attached to the know- 
 
OF THE PEUSSIAN NATION. 55 
 
 ledge of the ancient tongues, for two reasons : 
 first, because a certain acquaintance with them is 
 required in any special course of study to be 
 entered on at a later date ; and secondly, because — 
 as is generally believed — the acquisition of the 
 Greek and Latin languages is, in itself, and apart 
 from any ulterior object, a noble species of mental 
 cultivation. 
 
 A gymnasium is, as a rule, distributed into six 
 classes, each of which is usually subdivided into 
 two sections. These are distinguished in school 
 nomenclature as upper and lower first-class, upper 
 and lower second-class, etc., etc. 
 
 At the head of the whole establishment there is 
 a rector. Each class is under the direction of 
 a separate professor. Particular rules have been 
 issued for the guidance of the rectors and pro- 
 fessors, respectively, in the discharge of their 
 functions. But it is quite unnecessary to cite any 
 of these here. The scope of them is to direct the 
 concentrated efforts of the rector and his pro- 
 fessors towards rendering their institution, as a 
 whole, and every individual class in it, to the 
 utmost possible extent, efficient in promoting 
 liberal education and a high moral tone among the 
 students. 
 
 It is the special duty of the rector to superintend 
 all the educational work, and to enforce discipline 
 in all the departments. 
 
56 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 Progymnasia , as tliey are called, are public 
 schools which profess to prepare students for the 
 gymnasia, and which ordinarily qualify them to 
 join the third or fourth class of a gymnasium. 
 
 In order to enter a gymnasium, a boy must, in 
 most cases, have completed his tenth year ; but 
 there is no precise rule on this point. 
 
 The rector must hold an entrance examination 
 annually, immediately before the commencement 
 of the school year, in order to ascertain in which 
 classes the students about to be admitted should 
 be placed. 
 
 This examination should be conducted either by 
 the rector himself, or by one of the professors 
 selected by him for this duty. 
 
 The names of students must be recorded on their 
 first arrival, by the rector, in a register kept by him 
 for that purpose ; and they should be informed at 
 once of all the rules of the establishment, and 
 introduced to their own class. 
 
 The reception of fresh students is to take place 
 on certain fixed days, which should be indicated on 
 the school syllabus, or made public by some other 
 method. 
 
 Entrance in the middle of the term cannot be 
 permitted. If parents or guardians, residing at a 
 distance, desire that their childi-en should be ad- 
 mitted to a gymnasium in the middle of a school 
 year, all that can be done to meet their wish is to 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATION. 57 
 
 allow tlie cliilclren to attend classes in wliicli tliey 
 may make such progress as to be better prepared, 
 at the beginning of the following school year, to 
 become regular students in any class for which 
 they are found qualified. 
 
 Intending students are required to bring to the 
 rector proof of vaccination and re-vaccination, or 
 of having been thrice vaccinated without effect. 
 A certificate of having left the school previously 
 attended in a regular manner, must also be shown. 
 
 A fee, varying in amount in the different gym- 
 nasia, is charged for the entrance examination and 
 registration. 
 
 SECTION II.— THE TEACHER. 
 I. Teachers' Examinations. 
 
 The education of professors in higher-class schools 
 is not, like that of elementary teachers, acquired in 
 seminaries specially destined for them. It consists, 
 rather, in a course of three years' study at one of 
 the universities, during or after which the student 
 may attend a course, in one of the seminaries for 
 higher-class teachers, at Berlin, Breslau, or Stettin. 
 But such attendance is not obligatory. 
 
 The object of the latter institutions is to give a 
 practical insight into the art of teaching. 
 
 Eules for the examination of professors in 
 schools of more advanced learning are contained in 
 
58 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 an edict of June 12, 1810, and in a regulation of 
 April 20, 1831. 
 
 The chief of these are as follows : — 
 
 1. 
 
 Examinations of candidates for teacherships of 
 high grades are to be conducted by a learned body 
 of commissioners, in the name of the Eoyal Pro- 
 vincial College. They are to be held in Berlin, 
 Konigsberg, Breslau, Halle, and certain other 
 university towns. 
 
 The following classes of persons are required to 
 present themselves at these examinations : — 
 
 (1.) The future teachers of any public edu- 
 cational establishments, whether supported by the 
 crown or by private munificence, which are recog- 
 nized as preparing students for the universities. 
 
 (2.) The futm-e teachers of such schools, whether 
 under royal or municipal patronage, as prepare 
 their scholars to enter the second or third classes 
 of the schools specified in (1). 
 
 (8.) The future teachers of such public schools 
 of advanced learning as the higher municipal and 
 technical schools, or private seminaries of a like 
 class, which extend their curriculum considerably 
 beyond that of ordinary towns' schools, and aim at 
 giving their students a complete education, con- 
 sisting chiefly of a thorough course of mathematics 
 and natural science, enriched and varied, however^ 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATION. 5& 
 
 by historical and geographical lore, as well as by 
 an accurate study of the language and literature of 
 Germany, and a certain amount of the Latin 
 classics. 
 
 (4.) Future military chaplains, considered in 
 their capacity of teachers of the Eoyal Division 
 Schools. 
 
 3. 
 
 Professors of drawing, penmanship, and singing 
 are not classed with ordinary teachers, and, there- 
 fore, are not required to pass any such exami- 
 nations as these. 
 
 They have their own special examinations, which 
 have reference, for the most part, to their own 
 peculiar branches of art. 
 
 The examinations conducted by the learned body 
 of commissioners are the following : (1.) An ex- 
 amination for a general licence to teach (p?*o 
 facilitate docendi) ; (2.) an examination for par- 
 ticular offices (j)?'o loco) ; (3.) an examination for 
 the higher offices of the profession (pro ascensione) ; 
 (4.) an examination for the office of rector of an 
 advanced school {colloquia pro rectoratu). 
 
60 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 A, Examination for Licence to Teach (pro facultate 
 docendi). 
 
 This examination is intended merely to ascertain 
 ilie capabilities of the examinees for the profession 
 of teaching in general. Candidates are strictly 
 tested as to their knowledge of the German, Greek, 
 Latin, French, and Hebrew languages, of mathe- 
 matics, physics, natural history, geography, 
 history, philosophy, theology, and school organ- 
 ization. 
 
 And any candidate may further demand to be 
 examined in a branch not specified in the above 
 list, if such branch be of probable use to the 
 teacher of any of the schools mentioned in No. 2. 
 
 Candidates who have preferred to devote them- 
 selves to the study of mathematics and natural 
 science, and who design to prepare themselves 
 only for teaching in higher municipal or technical 
 schools, may, if they desire it, be exempted from 
 the Greek and Latin examinations. 
 
 6. 
 
 Written summonses to attend such examinations 
 are issued, by the learned commissioners, to all 
 candidates who have handed in to them, in due 
 form, the following documents : — 
 
 1. A certificate from a body of examiners, 
 
OF THE PKUSSIAN NATION. 61 
 
 referring to tlie proficiency of the holder, in his 
 university studies. 
 
 2. A certificate of the candidate's having fully 
 completed the regular course of three years of 
 academical study ; of the lectures attended by him 
 during this period ; and of his good, moral conduct 
 throughout his residence at the university. 
 
 3. An autobiographical sketch, written in Latin, 
 which must, especially, contain information re- 
 garding the candidate's course of study. Candi- 
 dates who contemplate seeking future office in 
 higher municipal or technical schools, are at 
 liberty to write this paper in French, if they prefer 
 it to Latin. 
 
 Together with the above, each candidate must 
 hand in a written statement of how far he wishes 
 the approaching examination to extend ; i.e., 
 vrhether he desires to be empowered to teach the 
 lower and middle classes only, in the mean time, or 
 whether he chooses to be examined for the higher 
 ones also. 
 
 Note. — Foreigners can only be admitted to this 
 examination by the express permission of the 
 Government. 
 
 7. 
 
 This examination should generally consist of the 
 composition, by the candidates, of several j)apers 
 on various subjects ; the delivery of one or more 
 
i)2 THE EDUCATIONAL CODK 
 
 model lessons by each; and, finally, an oral 
 .examination. 
 
 Each candidate should receive two or three 
 separate subjects for his essays, which, at the time 
 iippointed by the commissioners, he must be pre- 
 pared to hand in to them, together with an ac- 
 knowledgment of any assistance of which he may 
 have availed himself in composing them. 
 
 At least one of the essays should usually be 
 written in Latin ; but French may be employed, 
 instead of Latin, by candidates desirous only of 
 qualifying themselves for teaching in higher mu- 
 nicipal or technical schools. 
 
 Each of these papers is examined separately by 
 the members of the commission ; and, on the final 
 day, its merits are considered, together with the 
 oral work of the writer, in order to the deter- 
 mination of the class of his certificate. 
 
 8. 
 
 Each candidate must give a model lesson to a 
 class assigned to him by the commission, in pre- 
 sence of those commissioners in whose special 
 department the subject of the lesson lies. 
 
 This lesson is designed to test the candidate's 
 powers of communicating instruction. 
 
 9. 
 
 The oral examination is held with a view of 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATION. 63 
 
 ascertaining whether the candidate possesses a 
 competent knowledge of all the sciences with which 
 a teacher of the highest grade ought to be more or 
 less familiar. 
 
 10. 
 
 No more than three candidates, and these only 
 snch as purpose to become teachers of the same 
 kind of schools, can be allowed to undergo the final 
 examination simultaneously. 
 
 11. 
 
 Whenever the results of this examination have 
 been declared, successful candidates are entitled to 
 be licensed as teachers, either conditionally, or 
 unconditionally, as teachers of certain subjects, 
 or of the higher, middle, or lower classes. With 
 reference to the former class, it should be noticed 
 that, according to a special regulation of April 
 20, 1831, to such candidates as are sufficiently 
 well versed in one or other of the chief depart- 
 ments of knowledge to be able to teach it to the 
 higher classes in advanced schools, and yet fail to 
 satisfy the requirements of the Code, in one or 
 more of the other subjects with which, in the 
 interest of higher education, the State insists that 
 tsachers of a higher grade must be, to a certain 
 extent, acquainted, licence to teach can be granted 
 
C4 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 only on condition that they immediately betake 
 themselves to supplying what is ^N'anting in their 
 own education. 
 
 8uch candidates can only be admitted to further 
 examination, in order to becoming qualified for a 
 particular office, on proving that they have acquired 
 the knowledge which they lacked at the previous 
 examination. 
 
 A certificate of the results of this examination is 
 granted to each candidate. 
 
 A candidate who is unable to satisfy the com- 
 missioners, in any important particular, must be 
 rejected. But such a one may, after a certain 
 interval, limited by the commissioners, i)resent 
 himself anew for examination. 
 
 12. 
 
 Candidates who possess the degree of doctor or 
 master of arts in one of the national universities, 
 on the ground of having published some work of 
 merit, are exempted from the written examination. 
 They must, however, give a model lesson, and also 
 submit to the oral examination. 
 
 13. 
 
 In order to develope, as far as possible, the teach- 
 ing powers of candidates for high j)ositions in the 
 profession, as well as to test their practical effi- 
 ciency, all candidates who have been licensed to 
 
OF THE PEUSSIAN NATION. 65 
 
 teach, conditionally or unconditionally, are required 
 to spend a year in teaching in a gymnasium, or 
 higher municipal or technical school, before they 
 are permitted to offer themselves for independent 
 offices in advanced schools. 
 
 During this year of probation, such candidates 
 are considered to be actually teachers ; and, wher- 
 ever circumstances admit of it, they receive a 
 suitable remuneration for their services. 
 
 At the end of the year, they are entitled to 
 certificates of their services from their head 
 masters. 
 
 14. 
 
 Members of seminaries for the teachers of ad- 
 vanced schools in Berlin, Breslau, Konigsberg, or 
 Stettin, need not undergo the year of probation, 
 provided they have obtained their licence to teach, 
 either conditionally or unconditionally, before enter- 
 ing the seminary. 
 
 B. Examination for Particular Offices (pro loco). 
 
 15. 
 
 The object of this examination is to test the 
 fitness of a teacher for holding office in a school 
 of one of the classes enumerated in No. 2 ; * and it 
 can only take place when a candidate is actually 
 chosen to fill a special office. 
 
 * Page 58. 
 
66 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 16. 
 
 The examination being appointed on behalf of 
 a particular candidate, any such persons as have 
 received a licence to teach, and have also fulfilled 
 their year of probation, may be admitted to it. 
 
 17. 
 
 No written work is required at this examination. 
 Each examinee must give several model lessons, 
 and must also undergo an oral examination. 
 
 18. 
 
 The oral examination should extend over all the 
 branches taught in the particular school to which 
 the candidate has been elected. The requirements 
 vary according to the description of school in 
 question, whether, e.g,, a gymnasium, or a normal 
 school ; and also according to the class which the 
 candidate will have to teach. 
 
 A certificate must be given to the candidate at 
 the end of the examination. 
 
 19. 
 
 When a candidate is elected to any ofi&ce in a 
 school of one of the classes enumerated in No. 2,* 
 within three years after being licensed to teach, if 
 he has fulfilled the required year of probation, and 
 obtained a certificate from a head master of prac- 
 
 * Page 58. 
 
OF THE PKUSSIAN NATION. 67 
 
 •fcical efficiency in his profession, this examination 
 (pro loco) may be altogether dispensed with in his 
 case. 
 
 20. 
 
 Candidates intended for military chaplainships 
 are unconditionally admitted to this examination. 
 They are not required to produce certificates. The 
 oral examination in their case should be in mathe- 
 matics, history, geography, German, and French. 
 They must also give several model lessons. 
 
 C. Examination for a Higher Office (pro ascensione) . 
 
 21. 
 
 This examination is designed to test the capa- 
 bilities of a teacher who has received a call to one 
 of the higher offices of the profession ; and, there- 
 fore, it must deal only with those advanced 
 branches of study which he will afterwards be 
 required to teach. 
 
 In most cases, this examination assumes the 
 form of a conversation between the members of 
 the commission and the examinee. 
 
 This examination may be dispensed with, at the 
 pleasure of the Government. 
 
 A certificate is granted to those who have under- 
 gone this examination. 
 
68 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 D. Examination for the Office of Rector, or Director^ 
 of a Higher School (pro Eectoratu). 
 
 22. 
 
 This examination is held in order to determine 
 whether a teacher, called to the office of rector of 
 one of the higher schools enumerated in No. 2, 
 possesses the amount of learning, and of philoso- 
 phical and pedagogical information, essential to a 
 man whose duty it is to preside over such an estab- 
 lishment, and to govern it fitly in all respects. 
 
 The examination is conducted by the members 
 of commission, and by means of conversation with 
 the examinee, who is expected to express very fully 
 his views regarding the scope of education, the 
 chief points connected with instruction and disci- 
 pline, and so forth. 
 
 II. Induction to the High Educational Office. 
 
 Any teacher, having passed the general examina- 
 tion for licence to teach, and having fulfilled his 
 probation year, may be installed as rector in a high- 
 class school. 
 
 The choice and appointment of a rector belong, 
 by right, to the patron of the school, or, in default 
 of a private patron, to the State. In the former 
 case, however, the State must homologate the 
 patron's choice, in order to a legal installation. 
 
OF THE PEUSSIAN NATION. 69 
 
 The mode of procedure, on such occasions, is 
 defined by an enactment of December 9, 1872, 
 which contains the following directions : — 
 
 1. 
 
 The right of nominating and promoting teachers 
 to schools of the highest class, eg,, gymnasia or 
 teachers' seminaries ; or, in case such institutions 
 are under the patronage of a municipality or other 
 corporate body, the right of giving or withholding 
 assent to such nomination and promotion, belongs 
 to the provincial colleges. But these can give or 
 withhold such assent, only with the concurrence of 
 the Minister of Education, unless the appointment 
 in question is merely to a subordinate office, as 
 that of assistant teacher, or professor of one par- 
 ticular art or science. 
 
 And, further, the i^rovincial colleges are bound, 
 when the Ministers desire to inform themselves 
 particularly of all the circumstances of any case, 
 previously to sanctioning the appointment or trans- 
 lation of a head teacher, to furnish the required 
 information. It follows, of course, that the 
 ministry must at once be apprised of every import- 
 ant vacancy, in schools of the highest class. 
 
 2. 
 
 The directions in No. 1 are applicable also to the 
 promotion or translation of a teacher, who has 
 
70 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 passed the requisite examinations, to important 
 office in a higher municipal or Beal Schule, * and to 
 the ministerial confinnation of such promotion or 
 translation; but with this modification, that, in 
 these schools, the right of confirmation rests with 
 the Government, not with the provincial colleges. 
 
 3. 
 
 The nomination of a rector to any school of the 
 classes specified in Nos. 1 and 2, or the confirma- 
 tion of such nomination, when the patronage is 
 vested in a municipality or other corporation, is 
 the prerogative of the Crown. 
 
 III. Of the Duties and Pkivileges of Teachebs 
 OF Higher-Class Schools. 
 
 The Common Law of Prussia treats all teachers 
 as public servants. Their obligations are similar 
 to those of other public officers. Their functions 
 take a definite shape, according to the exigencies of 
 their respective offices. The rules laid do^sii for 
 the teacher's guidance, serve only to formulate his 
 special duties and indicate them more precisely. 
 
 Any fault on the part of a teacher is to be 
 punished in terms of a statute of 1852. 
 
 In general, aU that has been said regarding the 
 
 * Technical School. 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATION. 71 
 
 rights of teachers of elementary schools * applies 
 also to those of higher-class teachers. 
 
 The following particulars are of universal appli- 
 cation : — 
 
 Teachers are usually paid in money only ; but a 
 rector has, in most cases, a dwelling-house, as well 
 as his salary. 
 
 The complete exemption from certain taxes for- 
 merly granted to public teachers is now no longer 
 enjoyed by them, having been done away with in 
 1851. But, though they now support a share of 
 the public burdens, it was enacted in 1853 that 
 they should only pay half the customary amount of 
 public dues, in proportion to their income. 
 
 On the other hand, a recent regulation (of May, 
 1872) regarding retiring pensions, is now appli- 
 cable to teachers of elementary schools, as well as 
 to all high-class teachers. 
 
 [Here follow minute directions regarding the 
 pensions of superannuated teachers of various 
 grades, and of the widows of such teachers, un- 
 likely to interest English readers.] 
 
 SECTION III.— SUPERVISION OF THE GYMNASIA. 
 
 Each gymnasium is under the immediate super- 
 vision of its provincial school college. On this 
 body devolves the duty of regulating the internal, 
 
 * Passages relating to the rights of teachers as members of 
 the commonwealth have been omitted in this translation. 
 
72 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 as well as the external, machinery of the gymna- 
 sium. And a similar oversight of other high-class 
 schools is exercised by their several patrons ; but 
 the external business of all high-class schools is 
 ultimately managed by the provincial colleges of 
 their respective districts. The government of 
 these colleges themselves differs from that of the 
 teachers' colleges, with which, indeed, they are 
 entirely unconnected. The latter are said by 
 Eonne, in his treatise on the national system of 
 education, to have also a certain influence on the 
 internal working of the schools, exercising a 
 mediate authority between the provincial colleges 
 and the school directors. 
 
 But the most direct superintendence of the 
 gymnasium is, of course, that exercised by its own 
 director. 
 
 ***** 
 ***** 
 
 SECTION v.— EEMAEKS ON SOME OF THE 
 REGULATIONS OF THE GYMNASIUM. 
 
 It would be tedious to enter into minute details 
 regarding the organization and discipline of the 
 gymnasium, and the com-se of study therein pur- 
 sued ; we shall confine ourselves to the following 
 observations : — 
 
 The school vacations are fixed at various dates, 
 in the several provinces, according to local circum- 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATION. 73 
 
 stances ; but, as a rule, it may be stated that, in 
 summer or autumn, what is called the long vaca- 
 tion, extending from three to five weeks, takes 
 place ; and, besides this, there are short vacations 
 at each of the three great church festivals. 
 
 The transference of students to more advanced 
 classes in the gymnasium takes place after their 
 passing certain examinations previously men- 
 tioned. 
 
 In general, certificates of the good conduct of 
 the students are issued quarterly; and these 
 must be examined by their respective parents or 
 guardians, who are expected, if satisfied with the 
 same, to sign and return them to the teachers. 
 
 Idle or incapable scholars must be dismissed 
 from a gymnasium. 
 
 As punishment for misconduct, detention after 
 the hours of study, temporary imprisonment, or 
 — in the case of junior scholars — personal chastise- 
 ment may be inflicted. 
 
 The Common Law enacts that any youths show- 
 ing marked abilities and a special desire to pursue 
 any given course of study, are to be encouraged 
 and assisted to carry out their design. They are 
 encouraged by having prizes and other marks of 
 distinction awarded to them, and assisted by 
 stipendiary grants. But students of but moderate 
 capacities are to be discouraged from devoting 
 themselves to scientific careers. 
 
74 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 SECTION VI.— ON LEAVING THE GYMNASIUM 
 FOR THE UNIVERSITY. 
 
 Students pass on from the gymnasium to the 
 university, whenever the results of a certain 
 examination prove that they are fully qualified for 
 such transference. 
 
 This is termed the final or testing examination. 
 It is conducted according to the instructions of 
 June, 1834, of which the particulars are as 
 follows : — 
 
 1. 
 
 Every student who intends to pursue any calling 
 for which a course of three or four years' study at 
 the university is requisite, must undergo this test- 
 ing examination prior to entrance at the university; 
 and that whether his previous studies have been 
 carried on in a Prussian school, in a foreign 
 school, or at home, with the aid of private 
 tuition. 
 
 2. 
 
 This testing examination must take place at a 
 gymnasium; and every gymnasium is bound to 
 make arrangements for holding such an examina^ 
 tion periodically. 
 
 3. 
 
 This examination must take place within the last 
 month of each half-yearly term. 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATION. 75 
 
 The preparations for this examination are to be 
 made by the examining body of each gymnasimn, 
 which consists, of (a) the rector, (h) the professors 
 of the higher classes, (c) a member of the com- 
 mittee of school management, and (d) a com- 
 missioner of the Eoyal Provincial College. 
 
 The last named official, whose part it is to pre- 
 side over the commission, and to take a leading 
 part in the whole examination, is appointed with 
 the a^Dproval of the Minister of Education ; and 
 the assent of the provincial college is necessary to 
 the appointment of the member of commission 
 
 designated under (c). 
 
 5. 
 
 Students about to leave a gymnasium {i.e., those 
 who are provided with certificates of having gone 
 through the curriculum of the gymnasium satis- 
 factorily), must send a written application to the 
 director of the university, for permission to attend 
 the entrance examination, at least three months 
 prior to entrance at the university. 
 
 Together with this application must be enclosed 
 an autobiographical sketch of the candidate, in 
 his mother tongue. 
 
76 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 6. 
 
 The earliest period at which a student may 
 apply for admission to the university entrance 
 examination, is during the last three months of 
 the fourth half-yearly term of his attendance at a 
 gymnasium, or other high-class school. Students, 
 however, who have distinguished themselves by 
 diligence, good conduct, and general progress, as 
 well as proficiency in particular branches, may 
 occasionally be permitted to enter themselves as 
 candidates for the imiversity, as early as their 
 third half-yearly term, even. But such permissiom 
 is rarely given, and is wholly exceptional. 
 
 7. 
 Students who are not considered well prepared 
 should be dissuaded, by the rector, from presenting 
 themselves for examination. But no obstacle must 
 be thrown in the way of such as are ready for it, 
 even so earljr as the fourth half-yearly term. 
 
 8. 
 
 It is the rector's duty to give timely notice to the 
 royal commissioner and the other members of the 
 examining body, of the number of students pro- 
 posing to leave for the university, and to make 
 arrangements for the examination in concert with 
 the royal commissioner. 
 
OF THE PKUSSIAN NATION. 77 
 
 9. 
 
 Students about to leave must be examined in 
 the following languages and sciences : the German, 
 Latin, Greek and French languages — to which, in 
 the case of theological or philological students, 
 Hebrew must be added ; theology ; history, in con- 
 nection with geography ; mathematics ; physics ; 
 natural history'; and introductory philosophy. 
 
 10. 
 
 The examination must be both in writing and 
 oral; the latter serving to correct and complete 
 the former. 
 
 11. 
 
 The examination in writing takes precedence of 
 the oral examination. 
 
 12. 
 
 In arranging the subjects of the papers, topics 
 should be chosen which have come within the 
 students' range of study or observation ; but the 
 themes of former compositions by the students 
 must be avoided. 
 
 13. 
 
 General suitable subjects must be chosen for 
 each paper by the rector and the members of the 
 examining body, except the royal commissioner, 
 
78 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 before whom the list of suitable subjects must be 
 laid, in order that he may select one for each 
 paper. But, if he sees fit, the royal commissioner 
 may himself hx on a subject for any paper, in- 
 dependently of the other examiners. 
 
 All the examinees receive the same examination 
 papers, and each candidate receives his paper on 
 taking his appointed place at the examination. 
 
 14. 
 
 The written work at such examinations consists 
 of — (1.) a German composition; (2.) a translation 
 from German into Latin; (3.) a Latin com- 
 position; (4.) a translation from German into 
 Greek ; (5.) a translation from German into 
 French; (6.) a mathematical paper, containing 
 solutions of two geometrical and two arithmetical 
 problems, of a kind included in the ordinary 
 mathematical course at high-class schools ; or else, 
 for some reason agreed on by the examiners before- 
 hand, an examination and comparison of certain 
 analogical, mathematical theories. 
 
 Students of philology or theology are, moreover, 
 required to execute a translation into Latin of a 
 passage from some historical book of the Old 
 Testament, or of a short psalm, though Hebrew 
 is not read in the school or gymnasium. To this 
 translation must be appended a grammatical 
 analysis of the original. 
 
OF TH?: PKUSSIAN NATION. 79 
 
 15. 
 
 Three days, at the utmost, are allowed for the 
 completion of all the written work at this examina- 
 tion. Eight working hours are reckoned to each 
 day, and these should be so distributed as to give 
 (inclusive of the time spent in making rough 
 drafts) to German composition, five hours ; to Latin 
 composition, five hours ; to Latin translation, two 
 hours ; to Greek translation, three hours ; to 
 French work, three hours; and to mathematical 
 work, four hours. The remaining two hours are 
 appropriated to the Hebrew paper. 
 
 16. 
 
 All the written work must always, if possible, 
 be accomplished in a single class-room of the 
 gymnasium, under the superintendence of a com- 
 mittee of school managers, who exchange with 
 each other, at intervals, throughout the examina- 
 tion. This committee is responsible for seeing 
 that the examination is, in all respects, fairly and 
 regularly conducted. 
 
 Each member of the committee is required to 
 indicate, on a special schedule, at what time, and 
 under what circumstances, he was in superintend- 
 ence of the examination. He must also state 
 whether any candidate completed a paper in his 
 presence ; and, if so, he must specify when. 
 
80 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 If any candidate's work is not finished within 
 the prescribed time, his papers must be handed in 
 unfinished. 
 
 Should any candidate be prevented, by illness, 
 from attending the examination, he must be fur- 
 nished with fresh subjects for his written work, 
 whenever he is able to undertake it, unless he has 
 thought fit to withdraw his name, in the mean time, 
 from the list of candidates. 
 
 17. 
 
 The papers handed in by the examinees must be 
 examined and judged, in the first place, by the 
 X)rofessors ; after that, they must be submitted to 
 the rector who, finally, lays them before the com- 
 mission. 
 
 18. 
 
 The oral examination must always be conducted 
 with equal care, whether the number of examinees 
 be great or small. In all cases, when the number 
 of examinees exceeds twelve, the examination must 
 extend over two or more consecutive days. 
 
 The royal commissioner fixes the exact date of 
 this examination, with the concurrence of the 
 rector of the gymnasium. 
 
 19. 
 The oral examination is held in presence of the 
 assembled commission and of all the professors of 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATION. 81 
 
 the gymnasium. It is conducted by the professors 
 of the various branches of learning. It relates to 
 all the subjects taught in the higher classes ; but 
 it is in the power of the commissioners to shorten, 
 or dispense with, oral examination on any par- 
 ticular subject with which the examinees have 
 already manifested a satisfactory acquaintance in 
 their papers. 
 
 20. 
 
 A schedule displaying the questions proposed to 
 the examinees, and the answers given by them 
 throughout the examination, must be jQ.lled up, on 
 the part of the examiners. 
 
 21, 
 
 At the close of the oral examination, the exami- 
 nees are dismissed; and then the commissioners 
 deliberate on the results of the whole examination, 
 and decide the position of each examinee. Each 
 member of the commission has a vote; but, in 
 case there is an equal number for, or against, any 
 candidate, the royal commissioner settles the 
 question by a casting vote. 
 
 22. 
 
 The sentence of the commission determines 
 whether any student shall, or shall not, proceed 
 immediately to the university. The students who 
 
 a 
 
82 THE EDUCATIONAL CODE 
 
 are pronounced qualified for the university receive 
 a certificate accordingly, in due form. 
 
 But no document certifying a want of proper 
 qualification is issued, except at the express desire 
 of the student concerned. 
 
 Certificates of qualification are handed to de- 
 parting students, together with the formal per- 
 mission to leave ; and this is one of the most 
 important ceremonies observed in the gymnasium. 
 
 23. 
 
 The following are the classes of students who 
 require certificates of due qualification for the 
 university : — 
 
 (1.) Those who purpose to enroll themselves as 
 students of theology, jurisprudence, medicine, sur- 
 gery, or philology, at any Prussian university, and 
 who are approved of by the faculty concerned ; (2.) 
 those who are obliged to pass certain examinations, 
 in order to the attainment of some academical 
 dignity in this country ; and (3.) those who have 
 attended the examination, with a view to qualify 
 themselves for some office, civil or ecclesiastical, 
 for the holding of which the existing law requires 
 a course of three or four years' study at a univer- 
 sity. 
 
 A student failing to pass one of these examina- 
 tions may present himself on a future occasion. 
 
OF THE PRUSSIAN NATJQN, ,, , 83 
 
 24. 
 
 Young men who have studied at a foreign school, 
 or under private tuition at home, are not, of course, 
 among the number of students who pass directly 
 from the gymnasium to the university. 
 
 But, nevertheless, they are required to appear 
 before the examining commission of some gym- 
 nasium, and to bring with them certificates of 
 their proficiency in study and of their general 
 good conduct, from those who have hitherto in- 
 structed them. The choice of the gymnasium at 
 which they may present themselves for examina- 
 tion rests with their parents or guardians. 
 
 25. 
 
 Students of theology or philology who have gone 
 to the university without the requisite knowledge 
 of Hebrew, and students who have made up their 
 minds to follow one of those courses of study, after 
 their admission to the university, and who, there- 
 fore, did not think of presenting themselves for 
 examination in Hebrew prior to entrance at the 
 university, will have an opportunity of earning a 
 certificate of proficiency in this language, at a sub- 
 sequent examination, held by the royal commission 
 of examinations in literature and science. But 
 they will thereafter be required to pass not less 
 than five half-yearly terms, in the study of theo- 
 logy or philology, at the university. 
 
84 THE? BDTICATIONA^:. .CODE OF PRUSSIA. 
 
 26. 
 
 To foreigners, likewise, if they have received 
 permission to qualify themselves for any public 
 office, for the holding of which a regular course of 
 study, at one of our universities, is required, the 
 directions in No. 23 (1.) apply. 
 
 And, unless such persons can produce, to the 
 royal commission concerned, satisfactory certifi- 
 cates as to their previous education and qualifi- 
 cations, from the proper authorities, in their own 
 country, they must subject themselves to the test- 
 ing examination for entrance to a university, at 
 some gymnasium in this country. 
 
 THE END. 
 
 PRINTED AT THE CAXTON PRESS, BBCCLBS. 
 
A LIST OF 
 
 KEG AN PAUL, TRENCH & CO.'S 
 PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 2-?5 
 
I, Paternoster Square ^ 
 
 London* 
 
 A LIST OF 
 
 KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH & CO.'S 
 
 PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 contents; 
 
 
 PAGE 
 . 2 
 
 Military Works. , 
 
 PAGE 
 
 • 33 
 
 . 21 
 
 Poetry .... 
 
 . 34 
 
 . 23 
 
 Works of Fiction 
 
 . 42 
 
 riFic 
 
 Books for the Young 
 
 . 43 
 
 . 30 
 
 
 
 General Literature. 
 Parchment Library . 
 Pulpit Commentary . 
 International Scientific 
 Series t • 
 
 GENERAL LITERATURE. 
 
 A. K. IT. B. — From a Quiet Place. A Volume of Sermons. 
 Crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 ALLEN, Rev. R., ^/.^.— Abraham *. his Life, Times, and 
 Travels, 3800 years ago. With Map. Second Edition. 
 Post 8vo, 6^. 
 
 ALLIES, T. PV., M.A.—'Per Crucem ad Lucem. The Result of a 
 Life. 2 vols. Demy 8vo, 25 j. 
 
 A Life's Decision. Crown 8vo, 'js. (xf. 
 
 ALLNATT, F.J. B., B.D.—rhe Witness of St. Matthew. An 
 Inquiry into the Sequence of Inspired Thought pervading the 
 First Gospel, and into its Result of Unity, Symmetiy, and Com- 
 pleteness, as a Perfect Portrait of the Perfect Man. Crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 AMOS, Professor Sheldon.— i:\iQ History and Principles of the 
 Civil Law of Rome. An aid to the Study of Scientific and 
 Comparative Jurisprudence. Demy Svo. i6s. 
 
 Ancient and Modern Britons. A Retrospect. 2 vols. Demy Svo, 
 24J. 
 
Kegan Paul, Trench & Co!s Picblications. 3 
 
 ANDERDON, Rev. W. H.—V2iSX\ Apostolic! ; a Chronology of the 
 Years between the Ascension of our Lord and the Martyrdom 
 of SS. Peter and Paul. Second Edition. Enlarged. Square 
 8vo, 5^. 
 
 Evenings with the Saints. Crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 ANDERSON, Bamd.—*^ Scenes" in the Commons. Crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 ARMSTRONG, Richard A., j5.^.— Latter-Day Teachers. Six 
 Lectures. Small crown Svo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 AUBERTIN, y. y.—A Flight to Mexico. With Seven full-page 
 Illustrations and a Railway Map of Mexico. Crown Svo, 'js. 6d. 
 
 BADGER, George Percy, D.C.L.—Kn English- Arabic Lexicon. 
 In which the equivalent for English Words and Idiomatic 
 Sentences are rendered into literary and colloquial Arabic. 
 Royal 4to, Soj. 
 
 BAGEHOT, Walter. —TYie English Constitution. New and 
 Revised Edition. Crown Svo, 7^. 6d. 
 
 Lombard Street. A Description of the Money Market. Eighth 
 Edition. Crown Svo, 'js. 6d. 
 
 Essays on Parliamentary Reform. Crown Svo, 5^-. 
 
 Some Articles on the Depreciation of Silver, and Topics 
 connected with it. Demy Svo, $s. 
 
 BAGENAL, Philip H.—HYie American-Irish and their In- 
 fluence on Irish Politics. Crcwn Svo, 5^. 
 
 BAGOT, Alan, C.^.— Accidents in Mines: their Causes and 
 Prevention. Crown Svo, 6j'. 
 
 The Principles of Colliery Ventilation. Second Edition, 
 greatly enlarged. Crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 The Principles of Civil Engineering in Estate Manage- 
 ment. Crown Svo, 7^. 6^. 
 
 BAKER, Sir Sherston, Bart. — The Laws relating to Quarantine, 
 Crown Svo, 12s. 6d. 
 
 BALDWIN, Capt. J. //.—The Large and Small Game of 
 Bengal and the North-^Western Provinces of India. 
 With 20 Illustrations. New and Cheaper Edition. Small 4to, 
 \os. 6d. 
 
 BALLIN, Ada S. and F. Z.— A Hebrew Grammar. With 
 Exercises selected from the Bible. Crown Svo, "js. 6d. 
 
 BARCLAY, Edgar.— Mountain Life in Algeria. With numerous 
 Illustrations by Photogravure. Crown 4to, i6s. 
 
 BARLOW, James //.—The Ultimatum of Pessimism. An 
 Ethical Study. Demy Svo, ()s, 
 
 BARNES, William.— OxxXWnes of Redecraft (Logic). With 
 English Wording. Crown Svo, 3^. 
 
A List of 
 
 BAUR^ Ferdinand, Dr. Ph.—K Philological Introduction to 
 Greek and Latin for Students. Translated and adapted 
 from the German, by C. Keg AN Paul, M.A., and E. D. 
 Stone, M.A. Third Edition. Crown 8vo, 6j. 
 
 BELLARSy Rev. ^F.— The Testimony of Conscience to the 
 Truth and Divine Origin of the Christian Revela- 
 tion. Burney Prize Essay. Small crown 8vo, 35. dd. 
 
 BELLASIS, Edward.— The Money Jar of Plautus at the 
 Oratory School. An Account of the Recent Representation. 
 With Appendix and 16 Illustrations. Small 4to, sewed, 2s. 
 
 BELLINGHAM, Henry, yl/./'.— Social Aspects of Catholicism 
 and Protestantism in their Civil Bearing upon 
 Nations. Translated and adapted from the French of M. le 
 Baron de Haulleville. With a Preface by His Eminence 
 Cardinal Manning. Second and Cheaper Edition. Crown 
 8vo, 3J. dd. 
 
 BELLINGHAM, H. Belsches Graham.-AJ^s, and Dowrns of 
 Spanish Travel. Second Edition. Crown 8vo, ^s. 
 
 BENN, Alfred JV.—The Greek Philosophers. 2 vols. Demy 
 8vo, 28^-. 
 
 BENT, y. T/ieodore.—Geno^i How the Republic Rose and Fell. 
 With 18 Illustrations. Demy 8vo, i2>s. 
 
 Bible Folk-Lore. A Study in Comparative Mythology. Crown Svo, 
 los. 6d. 
 
 BIRD, Charles, i^ 6". 6*. —Higher Education in Germany and 
 England. Being a brief Practical Account of the Organization 
 and Curriculum of the German Higher Schools. With critical 
 Remarks and Suggestions with reference to those of England. 
 Small crown Svo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 BLACKLEY, Rev. W. ^.—Essays on Pauperism. i6mo. Cloth, 
 » \s. 6d. ; sewed, is. 
 
 BLECKL Y, Hcfiry. — Socrates and the Athenians : An Apology. 
 Crown Svo, 2s. dd, 
 
 BLOOMFIELD, The Zrt^(>/.— Reminiscences of Court and Dip- 
 lomatic Life. New and Cheaper Edition. With Frontispiece. 
 Crown Svo, 6j. 
 
 BLUNT, The Ven. Archdeacon.—Uhe Divine Patriot, and other 
 Sermons. Preached in Scarborough and in Cannes. New 
 and Cheaper Edition. Crown Svo, 4J. dd. 
 
 BLUNT, ini/red S.—The Future of Islam. Crown Svo, ds. 
 
 BODDY, Alexander A,— To Kairwiin the Holy. Scenes in 
 Muhammcdan Africa. With Route Map, and eight Illustrations 
 by A. F. Jacassey. Crown Svo, ds. 
 
 BOOLEf i^/ar^.— Symbolical Methods of Study. Crown Svo, sx. 
 
Kegan Paid, Trejich & Go's Publications, 5 
 
 BOUVERIE-PUSEY, S. E. ^.—Permanence and Evolution. 
 
 An Inquiry into the Supposed Mutability of Animal Types. 
 Crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 BOVVEN, H. C, ;i/.^.— Studies in English. For the use of Morlern 
 Schools. Seventh Thousand. Small crown 8vo, \s. 6d. 
 
 English Grammar for Beginners. Fcap. 8vo, is. 
 
 Simple English Poems. English Literature for Junior Classes. 
 In four parts. Parts L, II., and III., 6d. each. Part IV., is. 
 Complete, 3^-. 
 
 BRADLEY, F. H.—TYiQ Principles of Logic. Demy 8vo, i6j. 
 
 BRIDGETT, Rro. T. ^.—History of the Holy Eucharist in 
 Great Britain. 2 vols. Demy 8vo, i^s. 
 
 BRODRICK, the Hon. G. C— Political Studies. Demy 8vo, 14J. 
 
 BROOKE, Rev. S. ^.— Life and Letters of the Late Rev. F. W. 
 Robertson, M.A. Edited by. 
 
 I. Uniform with Robertson's Sermons. 2 vols. With Steel 
 Portrait, 'js. 6d. 
 II. Library Edition. With Portrait. 8vo, I2s. 
 III. A Popular Edition. In i vol., 8vo, 6s. 
 
 The Fight of Faith. Sermons preached on various occasions. 
 Fifth Edition. Crown 8vo, 7^. 6d. 
 
 The Spirit of the Christian Life. Third Edition. Crown 
 8vo, 5^. 
 
 Theology in the English Poets.— Cowper, Coleridge, Words- 
 worth, and Burns. Fiflh Edition. Post 8vo, 5^-. 
 
 Christ in Modern Life. Sixteenth Edition. Crown 8vo, 5^ 
 
 Sermons. First Series. Thirteenth Edition. Crown 8vo, $s. 
 
 Sermons. Second Series. Sixth Edition. Crown 8vo, 5^-. 
 
 BROWN, Rev. J. Baldwin, B.A.—rhe Higher Life. Its Reality, 
 Experience, and Destiny. Sixth Edition. Crown 8vo, ^s. 
 
 Doctrine of Annihilation in the Light of the Gospel of 
 Love. Five Discourses. Fourth Edition. Crown 8vo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 The Christian Policy of Life. A Book for Young Men of 
 Business. Third Edition. CKOwn 8vo, 3^. 6d. 
 
 BROWN, S. Borton, B.A.—The Fire Baptism of all Flesh ; 
 
 or. The Coming Spiritual Crisis of the Dispensation. Crown 
 
 8vo, 6s. 
 BROWN, Horatio F.—tAio. on the Lagoons. With two Illustrations 
 
 and Map. Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 BROWNBILL, >//7/.— Principles of English Canon Law. 
 
 Part I. General Introduction. Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 BROWNE, W. R.—The Inspiration of the New Testament. 
 
 With a Preface by the Rev. J. P. Norris, D.D. Fcap. 8vo, 2s. 6d. 
 
A List of 
 
 BURDETTy Henry C— Help in Sickness— 'Where to Go and 
 "What to Do. Crown 8vo, \s, 6d. 
 
 Helps to Health. The Habitation— The Nursery— The School- 
 room and — The Person. With a Chapter on Pleasure and Health 
 Resorts. Crown 8vo, is. 6d. 
 
 BURTON, Mrs. Richard.— UliQ Inner Life of Syria, Palestine, 
 and the Holy Land. Post 8vo, 6s. 
 
 BUSBECQ, Ogier Ghiselin de.—His Life and Letters. By Charles 
 Thornton Forster, M.A., and F. H. Blackburne Daniell, 
 M.A. 2 vols. With Frontispieces. Demy 8vo, 24s. 
 
 CARPENTER, W. B., LL.D., M.D., /^. ^. 6-., ^/r.— The Principles 
 of Mental Physiology. With their Applications to the 
 Training and Discipline of the Mind, and the Study of its Morbid 
 Conditions. Illustrated. Sixth Edition. 8vo, 12s. 
 
 Catholic Dictionary. Containing some Account of the Doctrine, 
 Discipline, Rites, Ceremonies, Councils, and Religious Orders of 
 the Catholic Church. By William E. Addis and Thomas 
 Arnold, M.A. Second Edition. Demy 8vo, 21s. 
 
 CERVANTES.— ^ovivneY to Parnassus- Spanish Text, with.Trans- 
 lation into English Tercets, Preface, and Illustrative Notes, by 
 James Y. Gibson. Crown 8vo, 12s. 
 
 CIIEYNE, Rev. T. /r.— The Prophecies of Isaiah. Translated 
 with Critical Notes and Dissertations. 2 vols. Third Edition. 
 Demy 8vo, 2$s. 
 
 CIIICHELE, Mary.— Doing and Undoing. A Stoiy. i vol. 
 Crown 8vo. 
 
 CZ/^//?^ 6^7:— Elements of Geometry. Translated by Dr. 
 Kaines. With 145 Figures. Crown 8vo, 4^. 6d. 
 
 CLARKE, Rev. Henry James, A.R'.C.—The Fundamental Science. 
 Demy 8vo, los, 6d. 
 
 CLAYDEN, P. W^.— Samuel Sharpe. Egyptologist and Translator 
 of the Bible. Crown 8vo, ds. 
 
 CLIFFORD, Samuel.-'SSIYidiX Think Ye of the Christ? Crown 
 8vo, 6j. 
 
 CLODD, Edward, F.R.A.S.—The Childhood of the "WTorld : a 
 Simple Account of Man in Early Times. Seventh Edition. 
 Crown 8vo, 3 s. 
 
 A Special Edition for Schools, is. 
 
 The Childhood of Religions. Including a Simple Account of 
 the Birth and Growth of Myths and Legends. Eighth Thousand, 
 Crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 A Special Edition for Schools, is, 6d. 
 
 Jesus of Nazareth. With a brief sketch of Jewish History to the 
 Time of His Birth, Small crown 8vo, 6j. 
 
Kegan Patil, Trench & Go's Publications. 7 
 
 COGHLAN, y. Cole, D.D.—The Modern Pharisee and other 
 Sermons. Edited by the Very Rev. H. H. Dickinson, D.D., 
 Dean of Chapel Royal, Dublin. New and Cheaper Edition. 
 Crown 8vo, ys. 6d. 
 
 COLEi George R. Fiiz-Roy.—H'he Peruvians at Home. Crown 
 8vo, 6j-. 
 
 COLERIDGE, ^^m.— Memoir and Letters of Sara Coleridge. 
 Edited by her Daughter. With Index. Cheap Edition. With 
 Portrait. 7^. 6d. 
 
 Collects Exemplified. Being Illustrations from the Old and New 
 Testaments of the Collects for the Sundays after Trinity. By the 
 Author of " A Commentary on the Epistles and Gospels." Edited 
 by the Rev. Joseph Jackson. Crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 CONNELL, A. A^— Discontent and Danger in India, Small 
 crown Svo, 3;-. dd. 
 The Economic Revolution of India. Crown Svo, 4^-. ^d. 
 
 CORY, William.— A. Guide to Modern English History. Part I. 
 ^MDCCCXV.-MDCCCXXX. Demy Svo, gs. Part II.— 
 MDCCCXXX.-MDCCCXXXV., 15^. 
 
 COTTERILL, H. B.—An Introduction to the Study of Poetry. 
 
 Crown Svo, ys. 6d. 
 
 COUTTS, Francis Burdett Mottej'.—The Training of the Instinct 
 of Love. With a Preface by the Rev. Edward Thring, M.A. 
 Small crown Svo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 COX, Rev. Sir George W., M.A., Barf.—i:'he Mythology of the 
 Aryan Nations. New Edition. Demy Svo, i6j. 
 
 Tales of Ancient Greece. New Edition. Small crown Svo, 6s. 
 
 A Manual of Mythology in the form of Question and 
 Ansvrer. New Edition. Fcap. Svo, 3^. 
 
 An Introduction to the Science of Comparative Myth- 
 ology and Folk- Lore. Second Edition. Crown Svo. ys. 6d. 
 
 COX, Rev. Sir G. W., M.A., Bart.^ and JONES, Eustace Ilinton.— 
 Popular Romances of the Middle Ages. Third 
 Edition, in l vol. Crown Svo, 6s. 
 
 COX, Rev. Samuel, D.D.—K Commentary on the Book of Job. 
 
 With a Translation. Demy Svo, i^s. 
 Salvator Mundi ; or, 'Js Christ the Saviour of all Men ? Ninth 
 
 Edition. Crown Svo, 5^. 
 The Larger Hope. A Sequel to "Salvator Mundi," Second 
 
 Edition. i6mo, is. 
 The Genesis of Evil, and other Sermons, mainly expository. 
 
 Third Edition. Crown Svo, 6s. 
 Balaam. An Exposition and a Study. Crown Svo, 5^. 
 Miracles. An Argument and a Challenge. Crown Svo, 2s, 6d. 
 
8 A List of 
 
 CRA VEN', Afrs.—A Year's Meditations. Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 CRAWFURD, (9jt£/^A/.— Portugal, Old and New. With Illustra- 
 tions and Maps. New and Cheaper Edition. Crown 8vo, ds. 
 
 Crime of Christmas Day. A Tale of the Latin Quarter. By the 
 Author of "My Ducats and my Daughter." Is. 
 
 CROZIER, John BeaUie, MB.— The Religion of the Future. 
 Crown 8vOj 6s. 
 
 DAN/ELLy C/armonf.— The Gold Treasure of India. An Inquiiy 
 into its Amount, the Cause of its Accumulation, and the Proper 
 Cleans of using it as Money. Crown 8vo, 5j-. 
 
 Danish Parsonage- By an Angler. Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 Darkness and Dawn ; the Peaceful Birth of a New Age. Small 
 crown 8vo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 DAVIDSON, Rev. Samuel, D.D., LZ.D.—Canon of the Bible; 
 Its Formation, History, and Fluctuations. Third and Revised 
 
 Edition. Small crown 8vo, 5>r. 
 
 The Doctrine of Last Things contained in the New Testa- 
 ment compared with the Notions of the Jews and the Statements 
 of Church Creeds. Small crown 8vo, 3^. 6(f. 
 
 DAVIDSON, Thomas.— The Parthenon Frieze, and other Essays. 
 Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 DAWSON, Geo., M.A. Prayers, with a Discourse on Prayer. 
 
 Edited by his Wife. First Series, Eighth Edition. Crown 
 8vo, 6s. 
 ! *^* Also a New and Cheaper Edition. Crown 8vo, 3^. 6d. 
 
 Prayers, with a Discourse on Prayer. Edited by George 
 St. Clair. Second Series. Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 Sermons on Disputed Points and Special Occasions. 
 
 Edited by his Wife. Fourth Edition. Crown 8vo, 6^. 
 
 Sermons on Daily Life and Duty. Edited by his Wife. 
 Fourth Edition. Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 The Authentic Gospel, and other Sermons. Edited by 
 George St. Clair. Third Edition. Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 Three Books of God : Nature, History, and Scripture. 
 Sermons edited by George St. Clair. Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 DE yONCOURT, Madame i1/a;vV.— "Wholesome Cookery. Third 
 Edition. Crown 8vo, y. 6d. 
 
 DE LONG, Lieut. Com. G. W.—The Voyage of the Jeannette. 
 The Ship and Ice Journals of. Edited by his Wife, Emma 
 De Long. With Portraits, Maps, and many Illustrations on 
 wood and stone. 2 vols. Demy 8vo, 36^. 
 
 Democracy in the Old World and the New. By the Author 
 of " The Suez Canal, the Eastern Question, and Abyssinia," etc. 
 Small crown Svo, 2j, 6d, 
 
Kegan Paul, Trench & Go's Publications. 9 
 
 DEVEREUX, W, Cop, R.N., F.R.G.S.—Yaiv Italy, the Riviera, 
 and Monte Carlo. Comprising a Tour through North and 
 South Italy and Sicily, with a short account of Malta. Crown 
 8vo, 6s. 
 
 Doing and Undoing. A Story. By Mary Chiciiele. i vol. 
 Crown 8vo. 
 
 D own EN, Edtuard, ZZ.Z?.— Shakspere : a Critical Study of his 
 Mind and Art. Seventh Edition. Post 8vo, I2s. 
 
 Studies in Literature, 1789-1877. Third Edition. Large 
 post 8vo, 6s. 
 
 DUFFIELD, A. y.— Don Quixote: his Critics and Commen- 
 tators. With a brief account of the minor works of Miguel de 
 Cervantes Saavedra, and a statement of the aim and end of 
 the greatest of them all. A handy book for general readers. 
 Crown 8vo, 3^. 6d. 
 
 DU MONCEL, Counf.—The Telephone, the Microphone, and 
 the Phonograph. With 74 Illustrations. Second Edition. 
 Small crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 DURUY, rzV/<?n— History of Rome and the Roman People. 
 Edited by Prof. Mahaffy. With nearly 3000 Illustrations. 4to. 
 Vols. I. II. and III. in 6 parts, 30^. each vol. 
 
 EDGE WORT/I, F. K— Mathematical Psychics. An Essay on 
 the Application of Mathematics to Social Science. Demy 8vo, 
 7j. 6d. 
 
 Educational Code of the Prussian Nation, in its Present 
 Form. In accordance with the Decisions of the Common Pro- 
 vincial Law, and with those of Recent Legislation. Crown 8vo, 
 2s. 6d. 
 
 Education Library. Edited by Philip Magnus :— 
 
 An Introduction to the History of Educational 
 Theories. By Oscar Browning, M.A. Second Edition. 
 IS. 6d. 
 
 Old Greek Education. By the Rev. Prof. Mahaffy, M.A. 
 Second Edition. 3^. 6d. 
 
 School Management. Including a general view of the work 
 of Education, Organization and Discipline. By Joseph Landon. 
 Third Edition. 6s. 
 
 Eighteenth Century Essays. Selected and Edited by Austin 
 DoBSON. With a Miniature Frontispiece by R. Caldecott. 
 Parchment Library Edition, 6s. ; vellum, 7j. 6d. 
 
 ELSDALE, Henry. SX^x^iiQS in Tennyson's Idylls. Crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 ELYOT, Sir Thomas.— TYie Boke named the Gouernour. Edited 
 from the First Edition of 1531 by Henry Herbert Stephen 
 Croft, M.A., Barrister-at-Law. 2 vols. Fcap. 4to. 50J. 
 
10 A List of 
 
 Emerson's (Ralph Waldo) Life. By Oliver Wendell Holmes. 
 English Copyright Edition. With Portrait. Crown 8vo, ds. 
 
 Enoch the Prophet. The Book of. Archbishop Laurence's Trans- 
 lation, with an Introduction by the Author of ** The Evolution of 
 Christianity." Crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 Eranus. A Collection of Exercises in the Alcaic and Sapphic Metres. 
 Edited by F. W. Cornish, Assistant Master at Eton. Second 
 Edition. Crown 8vo, zs. 
 
 EVANS, MarL—The Story of Our Father's Love, told to 
 Children. Sixth and Cheaper Edition. With Four Illustrations. 
 Fcap. 8vo, IS. 6d. 
 
 "Fan Kwae" at Canton before Treaty Days 1825-1844. 
 
 By an old Resident. With Frontispiece. Crown 8vo, ^s. 
 
 FEISy y^fr^^.— Shakspere and Montaigne. An Endeavour to 
 Explain the Tendency of Hamlet from Allusions in Contemporary 
 Works. Crown 8vo, 5^-. 
 
 FLECKER, Rev. ii/zVs^^n— Scripture Onomatology. Being Critical 
 Notes on the Septuagint and other Versions, Second Edition. 
 Crown 8vo, 35'. dd. 
 
 FLOREDICE, JV. //.—A Month among the Mere Irish. Small 
 crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 FOWZE, Rev. T. ^.— The Divine Legation of Christ. Crown 
 8vo, *js. 
 
 Frank Leward. Edited by Charles Bampton. Crown Svo, 7x. dd. 
 
 FULLER, Rev. Morn's.— The Lord's Day ; or, Christian Sunday. 
 Its Unity, History, Philosophy, and Perpetual Obligation. 
 Sermons. Demy 8vo, los. 6d. 
 
 GARDINER, Samuel R., and J. BASS MULLINGER, ALA.— 
 Introduction to the Study of English History. Second 
 Edition. Large crown Svo, 9^. 
 
 GARDNER, Dorse^.—QusLtre Bras, Ligny, and "Waterloo. A 
 Narrative of the Campaign in Belgium, 181 5. With Maps and 
 Plans. Demy 8vo, i6s. 
 
 Genesis in Advance of Present Science. A Critical Investigation 
 of Chapters I. -IX. By a Septuagenarian Beneficed Presbyter. 
 Demy 8vo. los. 6d. 
 
 GENNA, jE". — Irresponsible Philanthropists. Being some 
 Chapters on the Employment of Gentlewomen. Small crown 
 Svo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 GEORGE, I/enty.— "Progress and Poverty : An Inquiry into the 
 Causes of Industrial Depressions, and of Increase of Want with 
 Increase of Wealth. The Remedy. Fifth Library Edition. 
 Post Svo, 7j. 6d. Cabinet Edition. Crown Svo, 2s. 6d. Also a 
 Cheap Edition, Limp cloth, is. 6d, Paper covers, is. 
 
Kegan Paid^ Trknch & Co!s Ptthlications. ii 
 
 GEORGE, Hmry— continued. 
 
 Social Problems. Fourth Thousand. Crown 8vo, 55-. Cheap 
 Edition. Paper covers, is. 
 
 GIBSON, James Y. —Journey to Parnassus. Composed by Miguel 
 DE Cervantes Saavedra. Spanish Text, with Translation into 
 English Tercets, Preface, and Illustrative Notes, by. Crown 
 8vo, 12s. 
 
 Glossary of Terms and Phrases. Edited by the Rev. H. Percy 
 Smith and others. Medium 8vo, 12s. 
 
 GLOVER, P., iJ/.^.— Exempla Latina. A First Construing Boole, 
 with Short Notes, Lexicon, and an Introduction to the Analysis 
 of Sentences. Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo, 2s. 
 
 GOLDSMID, Sir Francis Henry, Bart., Q.C., M.P.—Meraoiv of. 
 With Portrait. Second Edition, Revised. Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 GOODENOUGH, Co?nmodore J. 6^.— Memoir of, with Extracts from 
 his Letters and Journals. Edited by his Widow. With Steel 
 Engraved Portrait. Third Edition. Crown 8vo, 5>r. 
 
 GOSSE, Edmund.— Studies in the Literature of Northern 
 Europe. New Edition. Large ciovra. 8vo, 6^. 
 
 Seventeenth Century Studies. A Contribution to the History 
 of English Poetry. Demy 8vo, lOi-. 6d. 
 
 GOULD, Rev. S. Baring, M.A. — Germany, Present and Past. 
 New and Cheaper Edition. Large crown 8vo, 7j. 6d. 
 
 GOWAN, Major Walter E. — A. IvanolT's Russian Grammar. 
 {i6th Edition.) Translated, enlarged, and arranged for use of 
 Students of the Russian Language. Demy 8vo, 6j. 
 
 GOWER, Lord Ronald. My Reminiscences. Cheap Edition. 
 With Portrait. Large crown 8vo, "js. 6d. 
 
 GRAHAMf William, M.A.—The Creed of Science, Religious, Moral, 
 and Social. Second Edition, Revised. Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 GREY, Razvland.— In Sunny Switzerland. A Tale of Six Weeks. 
 Small crown 8vo, ^s. 
 
 GRIFFITH, Thomas, A.M.— The Gospel of the Divine Life : a 
 Study of the Fourth Evangelist. Demy Svo, 14s. 
 
 GRIMLEYy Rev. H. N., M.A,— Tremadoc Sermons, chiefly on 
 the Spiritual Body, the Unseen "World, and the 
 Divine Humanity. Fourth Edition. Crown Svo, 6^. 
 
 G. S. B. — A Study of the Prologue and Epilogue in English 
 Literature from Shakespeare to Dryden. Crown 
 8vo, 5^. 
 
 GUSTAFSON, Alex.— i:\vQ Foundation of Death. Third Edition. 
 Crown 8vo, 5j-. 
 
12 A List of 
 
 HAECKEL, Prof. Ernsf.—The History of Creation. Translation 
 revised by Professor E. Ray Lankester, M.A., F.R.S. With 
 Coloured Plates and Genealogical Trees of the various groups 
 of both Plants and Animals. 2 vols. Third Edition. Post 
 8vo, 3 2 J. 
 
 The History of the Evolution of Man. "With numerous 
 Illustrations. 2 vols. Post 8vo, 32J. 
 
 A Visit to Ceylon. Post 8vo, 7s. 6cL 
 
 Freedom in Science and Teaching. With a Prefatory Note 
 by T. H. Huxley, F.R.S. Crown 8vo, 5x. 
 
 Half-Crown Series : — 
 
 A Lost Love. By Axxa C. Ogle [Ashford Owen]. 
 
 Sister Dora : a Biography. By Margaret Lonsdale. 
 
 True ^Words for Brave Men : a Book for Soldiers and Sailors. 
 By the late Charles Kingsley. 
 
 Notes of Travel : being Extracts from the Journals of Count Von 
 Moltke. 
 
 English Sonnets. Collected and Arranged by J. Dennis. 
 
 London Lyrics. By F. Locker. 
 
 Home Songs for Quiet Hours. By the Rev. Canon R. IL 
 Baynes. 
 
 HARRIS, William.— liliQ History of the Radical Party in 
 Parliament. Demy 8vo, 15J. 
 
 HARROP, ^t7^^;Y.— Bolingbroke. A Political Study and Criticism. 
 Demy8vo, I4J-. 
 
 HART, Rev. J. W, r.— The Autobiography of Judas Iscariot. 
 
 A Character Study. Crown 8vo, 3J. 6</. 
 
 HAWEIS, Rev. H. R., 3/.^.— Current Coin. Materialism— The 
 Devil — Crime — Drunkenness — Pauperism — Emotion— Recreation 
 —The Sabbath. Fifth Edition. Crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 Arrows in the Air. Fifth Edition. Crown Svo, $s. 
 Speech in Season. Fifth Edition. Cro^\^l Svo, 5^. 
 ^Thoughts for the Times. Thirteenth Edition. Cro^vn Svo, 5j. 
 Unsectarian Family Prayers. New Edition. Fcap. Svo, 
 IS. 6cl. 
 
 HAWKINS, EJzvards Comerford. — Spirit and Form. Sermons 
 preached in the Parish Church of Leatherhead. Crown Svo, 6j. 
 
 HAWTHORNE, NatJiamcl.— "Worlds. Complete in Twelve Volumes. 
 Large post Svo, yjr. 6d. each volume. 
 
 Vol. I. Twice-told Tales. 
 
 II. Mosses from an Old Manse. 
 
 in. The House of the Seven Gables, and The Sno\v 
 Imagk. 
 
Kegan Paidy Trench & Go's Publications, 13 
 
 HA WTHORNE, Nathaniel— continued. 
 
 Vol. IV. The Wonderbook, Tanglewood Tales, and Grand 
 father's Chair. 
 V. The Scarlet Letter, and The Blithedale Romance. 
 VI. The Marble Faun. [Transformation.] 
 
 Vlll' \ ^^^ ^^° Home, and English Note-Books. 
 IX. American Note-Books. 
 X. French and Italian Note-Books. 
 XI. Septimius Felton, The Dolliver Romance, Fanshavve, 
 AND, in an Appendix, The Ancestral Footstep. 
 XII. Tales and Essays, and other Papers, with a Bio- 
 graphical Sketch of Hawthorne. 
 
 HA YES, A. A., yunr.—NeMv Colorado, and the Santa Fe Trail. 
 With Map and 60 Illustrations. Square 8vo, gs. 
 
 HENNESSY, Sir John Pope.— -Ralegh in Ireland. With his Letters 
 on Irish Affairs and some Contemporary Documents. Large crown 
 8vo, printed on hand-made paper, parchment, los. bd. 
 
 HENRY, Philip. — Diaries and Letters of. Edited by Matthew 
 Henry Lee, M.A. Large crown 8vo, 7^. 6d. 
 
 HIDE, Albert. — The Age to Come. Small crown 8vo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 HIME, Major PL W. L., i?.^.— 'Wagnerism ". A Protest. Crown 
 8vo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 HINTON, y.— Life and Letters. With an Introduction by Sir W. 
 W. Gull, Bart., and Portrait engraved on Steel by C. II. Jeens. 
 
 Fifth Edition. Crown 8vo, Ss. 6c/. 
 
 Philosophy and Religion. Selections from the Manuscripts of 
 the late James Hinton. Edited by Caroline Haddon. Second 
 Edition. Crown 8vo, <,s. 
 
 The Law Breaker, and The Coming of the La^w. 
 Edited by Margaret Hinton. Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 The Mystery of Pain. New Edition. Fcap. 8vo, is. 
 
 Hodson of Hodson's Horse ; or. Twelve Years of a Soldier's Life 
 in India. Being extracts from the Letters of the late Major 
 W. S. R. Hodson. With a Vindication from the Attack of Mr. 
 Bosworth Smith. Edited by his brother, G. H. tlODSON, M.A. 
 Fourth Edition. Large crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 HOLTHAM, E. (7.— Eight Years in Japan, 1873-1881. Work, 
 Travel, and Recreation. With three Maps. Large crown 8vo, gs. 
 
 Homology of Economic Justice. An Essay by an East India 
 Merchant. Small crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 HOOPER, Mary.— t.iiXle Dinners : How to Serve them with 
 Elegance and Economy. Eighteenth Edition. Crown 
 8vo, 2s. 6d. 
 
14 A List of 
 
 HOOPERy Mary— continued. 
 
 Cookery for Invalids, Persons of Delicate Digestion, 
 
 and Children. Fourth Edition. Crown 8vo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 Every-Day Meals. Being Economical and Wholesome Recipes 
 for Breakfast, Luncheon, and Supper. Sixth Edition. Crown 
 8vo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 HOPKINS, Emcc—^Wovk. amongst 'Working Men. Fifth 
 Edition. Crown 8vo, 3J, 6d, 
 
 HOSPITALIER, E.—TYie Modern Applications of Electricity. 
 Translated and Enlarged by Julius Maier, Ph.D. 2 vols. 
 Second Edition, Revised, with many additions and numerous 
 Illustrations. Demy Svo, 12s. 6d. each volume. 
 Vol. I. — Electric Generators, Electric Light. 
 Vol. II. — Telephone : Various Applications : Electrical 
 Transmission of Energy. 
 
 Household Readings on Prophecy. By a Layman. Small 
 crown Svo, 3J. 6d. 
 
 HUGHESy Benrjf,— The Redemption of the World. Crown Svo, 
 3^. 6d. 
 
 HUNTINGFORD, Rev. E., D.C.L.—The Apocalypse. With a 
 Commentary and Introductory Essay, Demy Svo, 5^. 
 
 HUTCHINSON, /^—Thought Symbolism, and Grammatic 
 Illusions. Being a Treatise on the Nature, Purpose and 
 Material of Speech. Crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 HUTTON, Rev. C. /'.—Unconscious Testimony ; or, The Silent 
 Witness of the Hebrew to the Truth of the Historical Scriptures. 
 Crown Svo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 HYNDMAN, IL M.—The Historical Basis of Socialism in 
 England. Large crown Svo, 8^. 6d. 
 
 IM TIIURNy Everard /^.— Among the Indians of Guiana. 
 Being Sketches, chiefly anthropologic, from the Interior of British 
 Guiana. With 53 Illustrations and a Map. Demy Svo, iSj. 
 
 JACCOUD, Prof. 6".— The Curability and Treatment of Pul- 
 monary Phthisis. Translated and edited by Montagu 
 Lubbock, M.D. Demy Svo, 15^. 
 
 Jaunt In a Junk ; A Ten Days' Cruise in Indian Seas. Large crown 
 8vo, 7j, 6</. 
 
 JENKINS, E., and RAYMOND, 7.— The Architect's Legal 
 Handbook. Third Edition, revised. Crown 8vo, 6j. 
 
 JENNINGS, Mrs. Van^/iaH.—na.hel : Iler Life and Letters. Large 
 post Svo, 7^, 6d. 
 
kegan Patit, Trench & Co!s Pttblications. 15 
 
 JERVIS, Rev. W. mnley. — The Galilean Church and the 
 Revolution. A Sequel to the History of the Church of 
 France, from the Concordat of Bologna to the Revohition. 
 Demy 8vo, iSs. 
 
 JOELj L. — A Consul's Manual and Shipowner's and Ship- 
 master's Practical Guide in their Transactions 
 Abroad. With Definitions of Nautical, Mercantile, and Legal 
 Terms ; a Glossary of Mercantile Terms in English, French, 
 German, Italian, and Spanish ; Tables of the Money, Weights, 
 and Measures of the Principal Commercial Nations and their 
 Equivalents in British Standards ; and Forms of Consular and 
 Notarial Acts. Demy 8vo, 12s. 
 
 JOHNSTONE, C. R, J/. ^.—Historical Abstracts: being Outlines 
 of the History of some of the less known States of Europe. 
 Crown 8yo, *js. 6d, 
 
 JOLLY, William, F.R.S.E., ^/^.— The Life of John Duncan, 
 Scotch Weaver and Botanist. With Sketches of his 
 Friends and Notices of his Times. Second Edition. Large 
 crown 8vo, with Etched Portrait, gs, 
 
 JONES, C. ^.— The Foreign Freaks of Five Friends. With 30 
 Illustrations, Crown 8vo, 6j. 
 
 JOYCE, P. W., LL.D., <?/r.— Old Celtic Romances. Translated 
 from the Gaelic. Crown 8yo, *is. 6d. 
 
 KAUFMANN, Rev. M., ^.^.— Socialism : its Nature, its Dangers, 
 and its Remedies considered. Crown 8vo, 7^. 6^. 
 
 Utopias ; or, Schemes of Social Improvement, from Sir Thomas 
 More to Karl Marx, Crown 8yo, 5^* 
 
 KA Y, David, i^i^. (7. 5". —Education and Educators. Ctown 8vo, 
 7j. dd. 
 
 KAY, Joseph.— VvQQ Trade in Land. Edited by his Widow. With 
 Preface by the Right Hon. John Bright, M.P, Seventh 
 Edition. Crown 8vo, 5j. 
 
 KEMPIS, Thomas h.—Oi the Imitation of Christ. Parcliment 
 Library Edition. — Parchment or cloth, 6j. ; vellum, *]s. 6d. The 
 Red Line Edition, fcap. 8vo, red edges, is. 6d. The Cabinet 
 Edition, small 8vo, cloth limp, is. ; cloth boards, red edges, is. 6d. 
 The Miniature Edition, red edges, 32mo, is. 
 
 *#* All the above Editions may be had in various extra bindings. 
 
 KENT, C— Corona Catholica ad Petri successoris Pedes 
 Oblatai De Summi Pontiflcis Leonis XIII. As- 
 sumption© Epigramma. In Quinquaginta Linguis. Fcap. 
 4to, 15^, 
 
i6 A List of 
 
 KETTLE WELL, Rev. ^.—Thomas a Kempis and the Brothers 
 of Common Life. 2 vols. With Frontispieces. Demy 8vo, 
 30J. 
 *#* Also an Abridged Edition, in one volume. With Portrait. Crown 
 8vo, 7^. dd. 
 
 KIDD, Joseph, M.D.—*The Laws of Therapeutics ; or, the Science 
 and Art of Medicine. Second Edition. Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 KINGSFORD, Anna, ALL>.—rhe Perfect ^WTay in Diet. A 
 Treatise advocating a Return to the Natural and Ancient Food of 
 our Race. Small crown 8vo, 2s. 
 
 ICINGSLEY, Charles, 71/.^.— Letters and Memories of his Life. 
 
 Edited by his Wife. With two Steel Engraved Portraits, and 
 
 Vignettes on Wood, Fifteenth Cabinet Edition. 2 vols. Crown 
 
 8vo, \2S. 
 
 *^* Also a People's Edition, in one volume. With Portrait. CrowN 
 
 8vo, ds. 
 
 All Saints' Day, and other Sermons. Edited by the Rev. W. 
 Harrison. Third Edition. Crown 8vo, Ts. 6d. 
 
 True "Words for Brave Men. A Book for Soldiers' and 
 Sailors' Libraries. Eleventh Edition. Crown 8vo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 KNOX, Alexander A. — The New Playground ", or. Wanderings in 
 Algeria. New and Cheaper Edition. Large crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 LANDON, Joseph. — School Management ", Including a General View 
 of the Work of Education, Organization, and Discipline. Third 
 Edition. Crown 8vo, 6s, 
 
 LA URIE, S. 6*.— The Training of Teachers, and other Educational 
 Papers.' Crown 8vo, 7^. 6d. 
 
 LEEiRev. F. G., D.C.L.—The Other "World ; or. Glimpses of the 
 Supernatural. 2 vols. A New Edition. Crown 8vo, i^s. 
 
 Letters from an Unknown Friend. By the Author of ** Charles 
 Lowdcr." With a Preface by the Rev. W. 11. Cleaver, Fcap. 
 8vo, IS. 
 
 Letters from a Young Emigrant in Manitoba. Second Edition. 
 Small crown 8vo, 3^. 6d. 
 
 Leward, Frank, Edited by Charles Bampton. Crown 8vo, 7^. 6d. 
 LEWIS, Edxvard Dillon.— K Draft Code of Criminal Law and 
 
 Procedure. Demy 8vo, 2ij. 
 LILLIE, Arthur, M.R.A.S.— The Popular Life of Buddha. 
 
 Containing an Answer to the Hibbert Lectures of 1881. With 
 
 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 LLOYD, IVal/er.—The Hope of the World : An Essay on Universal 
 Redemption. Crown 8vo, 5^. j 
 
 LONSDALE, Afargarci.—Sisier Dora : a Biography. With Portrait. 
 Cheap Edition. Crown 8vo, 2s. 6d, 
 
Kegan Paid, Trench & Co!s Publicatiofis. ly 
 
 LOUNSBURV, Thomas ^.— James Fenimore Cooper. With 
 Portrait. Crown 8vo,_ ^s. 
 
 LOWDERy Charles.— Pi. Biography. By the Author of " St. Teresa." 
 New and Cheaper Edition. Crown 8vo. With Portrait. 2>^. 6d, 
 
 LUCKES, Eva C. ^5". —Lectures on General Nursing, delivered to 
 the Probationers of the London Hospital Training School for 
 Nurses. Crown 8vo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 LYALL, William Roiue, Z>.Z).— Propaedeia Prophetica ; or, The 
 Use and Design of the Old Testament Examined. New Edition. 
 With Notices by George C. Pearson, M.A., Hon. Canon of 
 Canterbury. Demy Svo. 
 
 LYTTONy Edivard Bulwer, Lord.— l^ifej Letters and Literary 
 Remains. By his Son, the Earl of Lytton. With Portraits, 
 Illustrations and Facsimiles. Demy Svo. Vols. I. and H., 32^-, 
 
 3IACAULAY, G. C— Francis Beaumont : A Critical Study. Crown 
 Svo, 5^. 
 
 MAC CAELUM, M. ;K— Studies in Low German and High 
 German Literature. Crown Svo, 6s. 
 
 MACIIIAVELLI, Ntaolb. — lAiG and Times. By Prof. Villari. 
 Translated by Linda Villari. 4 vols. Large post, Svo, 48^. 
 
 MACIIIAVELLI, A/zVr^/^.— Discourses on the First Decade of 
 Titus Livius, Translated from the Italian by N IN IAN Hill 
 Thomson, M.A. Large crown Svo, 12s, 
 
 The Prince. Translated from the Italian by N. H. T. Small 
 crown Svo, printed on hand-made paper, bevelled boards, 6s. 
 
 MACKENZIE, Alexander. — How India is Governed. Being an 
 Account of England's Work in India. Small crown Svo, 2s, 
 
 MACNAUGHT, Rev. yohn.—Ccena. Domini : An Essay on the Lord's 
 Supper, its Primitive Institution, Apostolic Uses, and Subsequent 
 History. Demy Svo, 14^. 
 
 MACWALTER, Rev. G. 6".— Life of Antonio Rosmini Serbati 
 (Founder of the Institute of Charity). 2 vols. Demy Svo. 
 
 [Vol. I. now ready, price \2s. 
 
 MAGNUS, Mrs. — About the Jew^s since Bible Times. From the 
 Babylonian Exile till the English Exodus. Small crown Svo, 6s. 
 
 MAIR, R. S., M.D., E.R.C.S.E.—i:iie Medical Guide for Anglo- 
 Indians. Being a Compendium of Advice to Europeans in 
 India, relating to the Preservation and Regulation of Health. 
 • With a Supplement on the Management of Children in India. 
 Second Edition. Crown Svo, limp cloth, 3^. 6d. 
 
 MAIDEN, Henry Elliot— 'Vienna., 1683. The History and Conse- 
 quences of the Defeat of the Turks before Vienna, September 
 1 2th, 1683, by John Sobieski, King of Poland, and Charles 
 Leopold, Duke of Lorraine, Crown Svo, 4J. td. 
 
 C 
 
1 8 A List of 
 
 Many Voices. A volume of Extracts from the Religious Writers ol 
 Christendom from the First to _the Sixteenth Century. With 
 Biographical Sketches. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, red edges, 6^. 
 
 MARKHAM, Capt. Albert Hastings, i?.iV.— The Great Frozen Sea : 
 A Personal Narrative of the Voyage of the Alert during the Arctic 
 Expedition of 1875-6. With 6 Full-page Illustrations, 2 Maps, 
 and 27 Woodcuts. Sixth and Cheaper Edition. Crown Svo, 6j. 
 
 A Polar Reconnaissance : being the Voyage of the Isbjdrn 
 to Novaya Zemlya in 1879. With 10 Illustrations. Demy Svo, i6j. 
 
 Marriage and Maternity ; or, Scripture Wives and Mothers. Small 
 crown Svo, 4J. 6</. 
 
 MARTINEAU, GeHrude.—OvXWriQ Lessons on Morals. Small 
 crown Svo, y. td, 
 
 MAUDSLEY, H., MB.— Body and ^Vill. Being an Essay con- 
 cerning Will, in its Metaphysical, Physiological, and Pathological 
 Aspects. Svo, I2s. 
 
 McGRATH, T^m;^^.— Pictures from Ireland. New and Cheaper 
 Edition. Crown Svo, 2s. 
 
 MEREDITH, il/.^.— Theotokos, the Example for ^Woman. 
 Dedicated, by permission, to Lady Agnes Wood. Revised by 
 the Venerable Archdeacon Denison. 32mo, limp cloth, \s. 6d. 
 
 MILLER, Edward. — The History and Doctrines of Irvingism ; 
 or. The so-called Catholic and Apostolic Church, 2 vols. Large 
 post Svo, 2$S. 
 
 The Church in Relation to the State. Large crown Svo, 
 'js. 6d. 
 
 MINCHINy y. a— Bulgaria since the AVar : Notes of a Tour in 
 the Autumn of 1S79. Small crown Svo, 3^. 6d. 
 
 MITCHELL, Lucy M.—A History of Ancient Sculpture. With 
 
 numerous Illustrations, including 6 Plates in Phototype. Super 
 royal Svo, 42s, 
 
 Selections from Ancient Sculpture. Being a Portfolio con- 
 taining Reproductions in Phototype of 36 Masterpieces of Ancient 
 Art to illustrate Mrs, Mitchell's " Histoiy of Ancient Sculpture." 
 18/. 
 
 MITFORD, Bertrapt.— Through, the Zulu Country. Its Battle 
 fields and its People. With Five Illustrations. Demy Svo, 14s. 
 
 MOCKLER, E.—K. Grammar of the Baloochee Language, as 
 it is spoken in Makran (Ancient Gedrosia), in the Persia-Arabic 
 and Roman characters. Fcap. Svo, 5^. 
 
 MOLESWORTH, Rev. W. Nassau, ^/,^.— History of the Church 
 of England from 1660. Large crown Svo, 7^. Cd. 
 
Kegan Paul, Trench & Co!s Publications, 19 
 
 MORELL, y. R. — Euclid Simplified in Method and Language. 
 Being a Manual of Geometry. Compiled from the most important 
 French Works, approved by the University of Paris and the 
 Minister of Public Instruction. Fcap. 8vo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 MORRIS, George.— The Duality of all Divine Truth in our 
 Lord Jesus Christ. For God's Self-manifestation in the Impar- 
 tation of the Divine Nature to Man. Large crown 8vo, ys. 6d. 
 
 MORSE, E. S., Ph.D.—FiTsl Book of Zoology. With numerous 
 Illustrations. New and Cheaper Edition. Crown 8vo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 MULLy Ma^/itas.—'Pa.Ta.dise Lost. By John Milton. Books I— VI. 
 The Mutilations of the Text emended, the Punctuation revised, 
 and all collectively presented, with Notes and Preface ; also 
 a short Essay on the Intellectual Value of Milton's Works, etc. 
 Demy 8vo, 6s, 
 
 MURPHY, John Nicholas.— 1:Yiq Chair of Peter; or, The Papacy 
 considered in its Institution, Development, and Organization, and 
 in the Benefits which for over Eighteen Centuries it has conferred 
 on Mankind. Demy 8vo, i8j. 
 
 Nature's Nursling. A Romance from Real Life. By Lady Ger. 
 TRUDE Stock. 3 vols. Crown 8vo, 31J. Gd. 
 
 NELSON, J. H., M.A.—K Prospectus of the Scientific Study 
 of the Hindi! Law. Demy 8vo, 9^. 
 
 NEWMAN, Cardinal. — Characteristics from the ^Writings of. 
 
 Being Selections from his various Works. Arranged with the 
 
 Author's personal Approval. Sixth Edition. With Portrait. 
 
 Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 *^* A Portrait of Cardinal Newman, mounted for framing, can 
 be had, 2s. 6d, 
 NEWMAN, Francis Wi/iiam.—'Rssa.YS on Diet. Small crown 8vo, 
 
 cloth limp, 2s. 
 New Truth and the Old Faith : Are they Incompatible ? By a 
 
 Scientific Layman. Demy Svo, los, 6d. 
 Ne\y "Werther. By Loki. Small crown Svo, 2s. 6d. 
 NICHOLSON, Edward Byron.— The Gospel according to the 
 
 Hebrews. Its Fragments Translated and Annotated, with a 
 
 Critical Analysis of the External and Internal Evidence relating 
 
 to it. Demy Svo, gs. 6d. 
 A Nevy Commentary on the Gospel according to 
 
 Matthew. Demy Svo, 12s. 
 
 NICOLS, Arthur, F.G.S., i^.T?.^^.— Chapters from the Physical 
 History of the Earth : an Introduction to Geology and 
 Palaeontology. With numerous Illustrations. Crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 NOPS^ Marianne. — Class Lessons on Euclid. Part I. containing 
 the First Two Books of the Elements. Crown Svo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 Nuces : Exercises on the Syntax of the Public School Latin 
 Primer. New Edition in Three Parts. Crown Svo, each u. 
 *** The Three Parts can also be had bound together, 3J-. 
 
20 A List of 
 
 OATES, Frank, i^.^.a^.— Matabele Land and the Victoria 
 Falls. A Naturalist's Wanderings in the Interior of South 
 Africa. Edited by C. G. Gates, B.A. With numerous Illustra- 
 tions and 4 Maps. Demy 8vo, 2\s» 
 
 OGLE, tV., M.D., F.J^.C.P.— Aristotle on the Parts of Animals. 
 Translated, with Introduction and Notes. Royal 8vo, 12s. 6J, 
 
 C^ HAG AN, Lord, A'./'. — Occasional Papers and Addresses. 
 Large crown 8vo, 'js. 6d, 
 
 OKEN, Lorenz, Life of. By Alexander Ecker. With Explanatory 
 Notes, Selections from Gken's Correspondence, and Portrait of the 
 Professor. From the German by Alfred Tulk. Crown Svo, 6j. 
 
 O'MEARA, Kathleen.— VredQTic Ozanam, Professor of the Sorbonne : 
 His Life and Work. Second Edition. Crown Svo, 7^. 6d. 
 
 Henri Perreyve and his Counsels to the Sick. Small 
 crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 OSBORNE, Rev. W. ^.— The Revised Version of the New Tes- 
 tament. A Critical Commentary, with Notes upon the Text. 
 Crown Svo, $s. 
 
 OTTLEY, H. Bickersteth.— i:\ve Great Dilemma. Christ His Own 
 Witness or His Own Accuser. Six Lectures. Second Edition. 
 Crown Svo, 3^. dd. 
 
 Our Public Schools— Kton, Harrow, Winchester, Rugby, 
 Westminster, Marlborough, The Charterhouse. 
 Crown Svo, (>s. 
 
 OWEN, F. ilf.— John Keats : a Study. Crown Svo, 6j. 
 
 Across the Hills. Small crown Svo, \s. 6d. 
 
 OWEN, Rev. Robert, i?.Z>.— -Sanctorale Catholicum ; or, Book of 
 Saints. With Notes, Critical, Exegetical, and Historical. Demy 
 Svo, 1 8 J. 
 
 OXENHAM, Rev. F. Nutcomhe.^'VJYiBX is the Truth as to Kver- 
 lasting Punishment. Part II. Being an Historical Inquiry 
 into the Witness and Weight of certain Anti-Origenist Councils, 
 Crown Svo, 2s, 6d. 
 
 OXONIENSIS. — Romanism, Protestantism, Anglicanism. 
 Being a Layman's View of some questions of the Day. Together 
 with Remarks on Dr. Littledale's "Plain Reasons against join- 
 ing the Church of Rome." Crown Svo, 3J. 6d, 
 
 PALMER, the late William.— Notes of a Visit to Russia in 
 1840-1841. Selected and arranged by John H. Cardinal 
 Newman, with portrait. Crown Svo, Zs. dd. 
 
 Early Christian Synoibolism. A Series of Compositions from 
 Fresco Paintings, Glasses, and Sculptured Sarcophagi. Edited 
 by the Rev. Provost NORTiicoTE, D.D., and the Rev. Canon 
 Btiownlovv, M.A. With Coloured Plates, folio, 42J., or with 
 Plain Plates, folio, 2^s, 
 
Kegan Pauly Trench & Go's Publications. 21 
 
 Parchment Library. Choicely Printed on hand-made paper, limp 
 parchment antique or cloth, 6s, ; vellum, "js. 6d. each volume. , 
 
 Selections from the Prose 'Writings of Jonathan Swift. 
 With a Preface and Notes by Stanley Lane-Poole and 
 Portrait. 
 
 Knglish Sacred Lyrics. 
 
 Sir Joshua Reynolds's Discourses. Edited by Edmund 
 
 GOSSE. 
 
 Selections frona Milton's Prose Writings. Edited by 
 Ernest Myers. 
 
 The Book of Psalms. Translated by the Rev. T. K. Ciieynh, 
 
 M.A. 
 The Vicar of Wakefield. With Preface and Notes by Austin 
 
 Dobson. 
 
 English Comic Dramatists. Edited by Oswald Crawfurd. 
 
 English Lyrics. 
 
 The Sonnets of John Milton. Edited by Mark Pattison. 
 With Portrait after Vertue. 
 
 French Lyrics. Selected and Annotated by George Saints- 
 bury. With a ISIiniature Frontispiece designed and etched by 
 H. G. Glindoni. 
 
 Fables by Mr. John Gay. With Memoir by Austin Dobson, 
 and an Etched Portrait from an unfinished Oil Sketch by Sir 
 Godfrey Kneller. 
 
 Select Letters of Percy Bysshe Shelley. Edited, with an 
 Introduction, by Richard Garnett. 
 
 The Christian Year. Thoughts in Verse for the Sundays and 
 Holy Days throughout the Year. With Miniature Portrait of the 
 Rev. J. Keble, after a Drawing by G. Richmond, R.A. 
 
 Shakspere's Works. Complete in Twelve Volumes. 
 
 Eighteenth Century Essays. Selected and Edited by Austin 
 Dobson. With a Miniature Frontispiece by R. Caldecott. 
 
 Q. Horati Flacci Opera. Edited by F. A. Cornish, Assistant 
 Master at Eton. With a Frontispiece after a design by L. Alma 
 Tadema, etched by Leopold Lowenstam. 
 
 Edgar Allan Poe's Poems. With an Essay on his Poetry by 
 Andrew Lang, and a Frontispiece by Linley Sambourne. 
 
 Shakspere's Sonnets. Edited by Edward Dowden. With a 
 Frontispiece etched by Leopold Lowenstam, after the Death 
 Mask. 
 
 English Odes. Selected by Edmund Gosse. Wilh Frontis- 
 piece on India paper by Hamo Thornycroft, A. R.A. 
 
21 A List of 
 
 Parchment Library — continued. 
 
 Of the Imitation of Christ. By Thomas A. Kempis. A 
 revised Translation. With Frontispiece on India paper, from a 
 Design by W. B. Richmond. 
 
 Poems : Selected from Percy Byssiie Shelley. Dedicated to 
 Lady Shelley. With a Preface by Richard Garnett and a 
 Miniature Frontispiece. 
 
 ♦^* The above volumes may also be had in a variety of leather bindings. 
 
 FAKSLdEy Joseph,— O-av Railways. Sketches, Historical and 
 Descriptive. With Practical Information as to Fares and Rates, 
 etc., and a Chapter on Railway Reform. Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 PASCAL, Blaise.— The Thoughts of. Translated from the Text of 
 Auguste Mohnier, by C. Kegan Paul. Large crown 8vo, with 
 Frontispiece, printed on hand -made paper, parchment antique, or 
 cloth, 12S. ; vellum, 15^. 
 
 PAUL, Alexander. — Short Parliaments. A History of the National 
 Demand for frequent General Elections. Small cro^vn 8vo, 3^. bd. 
 
 PAULi C. A'^^izw.— Biographical Sketches. Printed on hand-made 
 paper, bound in buckram. Second Edition. Crown Svo, 7j. dd. 
 
 PEARSON, Rev. 3".— Week-day Living. A Book for Young INIen 
 and Women. Second Edition. Crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 PESCHEL, Dr. Oscar.— Hhe Races of Man and their Geo- 
 graphical Distribution, Second Edition. Large cro\ra 
 Svo, 9J. 
 
 PRTERS, F. H.—The Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle. Trans- 
 lated by. Crown Svo, 6s. 
 
 PHIPSON, ^.— The Animal Lore of Shakspeare's Time. 
 Including Quadrupeds, Birds, Reptiles, Fish and Insects. Large 
 post Svo, 9J. 
 
 PIDGEON, Z).~An Engineer's Holiday ; or. Notes of a Round 
 Trip from Long, o*^ to 0°, New and Cheaper Edition. Large 
 crown Svo, *js. 6d. 
 Old World Questions and New World Answers. Large 
 crown Svo, 7^. 6d. 
 
 POEf Edgar Allan.— Worlx.3 of. With an Introduction and a Memoir 
 by Richard Henry Stoddard. In 6 vols. With Frontispieces 
 and Vignettes. Large crown Svo, 6s. each. 
 
 POPEt % Buckingham. — Railway Rates and Radical Rule. 
 Trade Questions as Election Tests. Crown Svo, 25. 6d. 
 
 PRICE, Prof. Bonamy. — Chapters on Practical Political 
 Economy. Being the Substance of Lectures delivered befoic 
 the University of Oxford. New and Cheaper Edition. Large 
 post Svo, Sj, 
 
Kegan Paul, Trench & Co.^s Publications. 23 
 
 Pulpit Commentary, The. (Old Testament Series.) Edited by the 
 Rev. J. S. ExELL, M.A., and the Rev. Canon H. D. M. Spence. 
 
 Genesis. By the Rev. T. Whitelaw, M.A. With Homilies by 
 the Very Rev. J. F. Montgomery, D.D., Rev. Prof. R. A. 
 Redford, M.A., LL.B., Rev. F. Hastings, Rev. W. 
 Roberts, M.A. An Introduction to the Study of the Old 
 Testament by the Venerable Archdeacon Farrar, D.D., F.R.S. ; 
 and Introductions to the Pentateuch by the Right Rev. H. Cot- 
 terill, D.D., and Rev. T. Whitelaw, M.A. Eighth Edition. 
 1 vol., 1 5 J. 
 
 iExodus. By the Rev. Canon Rawlinson. With Homilies by 
 Rev. J. Orr, Rev. D. Young, B.A., Rev. C. A. Goodhart, 
 Rev. J. Urquhart, and the Rev. H. T. Robjohns. Fourth 
 Edition. 2 vols., i8j. 
 
 Leviticus. By the Rev. Prebendary Meyrick, M.A. With 
 Introductions by the Rev. R. Collins, Rev. Professor A. Cave, 
 and Homilies by Rev. Prof. Redford, LL.B., Rev. J. A. 
 Macdonald, Rev. W. Clarkson, B.A., Rev. S. R. Aldridge, 
 LL.B., and Rev. McCheyne Edgar. Fourth Edition. 15J. 
 
 Numbers. By the Rev. R. Winterbotham, LL.B. With 
 Homilies by the Rev. Professor W. Binnie, D.D., Rev. E. S. 
 Prout, M.A., Rev. D. Young, Rev. J. Waite, and an Intro- 
 duction by the Rev. Thomas Whitelaw, M.A. Fourth 
 Edition. 15^. 
 
 Deuteronomy. By the Rev. W. L. Alexander, D.D. With 
 HomiHes by Rev. C. Clemance, D.D., Rev. J. Orr, B.D., 
 Rev. R. M. Edgar, M.A., Rev. D. Davies, ]\I.A. Third 
 edition. 15^-. 
 
 Joshua. By Rev. J. J. LiAS, M.A. With Homilies by Rev. 
 S. R. Aldridge, LL.B., Rev. R. Glover, Rev. E. de 
 Pressens£, D.D., Rev. J. Waite, B.A., Rev. W. F. Adeney, 
 M.A. ; and an Introduction by the Rev. A. Plummer, M.A. 
 Fifth Edition. 12s. dd. 
 
 Judges and Ruth. By the Bishop of Bath and Wells, and 
 Rev. J. Morison, D.D. With Homilies by Rev. A. F. Muir, 
 M.A., Rev. W. F. Adeney, M.A., Rev. W. M. Statham, and 
 Rev. Professor J. Thomson, M.A. Fourth Edition, ioj. dd, 
 
 1 Samuel. By the Very Rev. R. P. Smith, D.D. With Homilies 
 by Rev. Donald Eraser, D.D., Rev. Prof. Chapman, and 
 Rev. B. Dale. Sixth Edition. 15^. 
 
 1 Kings. By the Rev. Joseph Hammond, LL.B. With Homilies 
 by the Rev. E. de Pressens^, D.D., Rev. J. Waite, B.A., 
 Rev. A. Rowland, LL.B., Rev. J. A. Macdonald, and Rev. 
 J. Urquhart. Fourth Edition. 15^'. 
 
 1 Chronicles. By the Rev. Prof. P. C. Barker, M.A., LL.B. 
 With Homilies by Rev. Prof. J. R. Thomson, M.A., Rev. R. 
 Tuck, B.A., Rev. W. Clarkson, B.A., Rev. F. Whitfield, 
 M. A., and Rev. Richard Glover, i"^* 
 
24 A List of 
 
 Pulpit Commentary, The—coniijnied. 
 
 Ezra, Nehemiiah, and Esther. By Rev. Canon G. Rawlinson, 
 M.A. With Homilies by Rev. Prof. J. R. Thomson, M. A., Rev. 
 Prof. R. A. Red FORD, LL.B., M.A., Rev. W. S. Lewis, M.A., 
 Rev. J. A. Macdonald, Rev. A. Mackennal, B.A., Rev. W. 
 Clarkson, B.A., Rev. F. Hastings, Rev. W. Dinwiddie, 
 LL.B., Rev. Prof. Rowlands, B.A., Rev. G. Wood, B.A., 
 Rev. Prof. P. C. Barker, M.A., LL.B., and the Rev. J. S. 
 ExELL, M.A. Sixth Edition, i vol., 12s. 6d. 
 
 Jeremiah. (Vol. I.) By the Rev. T. K. Cheyne, M.A. With 
 Homilies by the Rev. W. F. Adeney, M.A., Rev. A. F. MuiR, 
 M.A., Rev. S. Conway, B.A., Rev. J. Waite, B.A., and Rev. 
 D. Young, B.A. Second Edition. 15J. 
 
 Jerenmiah (Vol. IL) and Lamientations. By Rev. T. K. 
 Cheyne, M.A. With Homilies by Rev. Prof. J. R. Thomson, 
 M.A., Rev. W. F. Adeney, M.A., Rev. A. F. Muir, M.A., 
 Rev. S. Conway, B.A., Rev. D. Young, B.A. 15^. 
 
 Pulpit Commentary, The. (New Testament Series.) 
 
 St. Mark. By Very Rev. E. Bickerstetii, D.D., Dean of Lich- 
 field. With Homilies by Rev. Prof. Thomson, M.A., Rev. Prof. 
 Given, M.A., Rev. Prof. Johnson, M.A., Rev. A. Rowland, 
 B.A., LL.B., Rev. A. Muir, and Rev. R. Green. Fourth 
 Edition. 2 vols., 21s. 
 
 The Acts of the Apostles. By the Bishop of Bath and Wells. 
 With Homilies by Rev. Prof. P. C. Barker, M.A., LL.B., Rev. 
 Prof. E. Johnson, M.A., Rev. Prof, R. A. Redford, M.A., 
 Rev. R. Tuck, B.A., Rev. W. Clarkson, B.A. Second Edition. 
 
 2 vols., 2IS. 
 
 1 Corinthians. By the Ven. Archdeacon Farrar, D.D. With 
 Homilies by Rev. Ex-Chancellor Lipscomb, LL.D., Rev. 
 David Thomas, D.D., Rev. D. Eraser, D.D., Rev. Prof. 
 J. R. Thomson, M.A., Rev. J. Waite, B.A., Rev. R. Tuck, 
 B.A., Rev. E. Hurndall, M.A., and Rev. H. Bremner, B.D, 
 Second Edition. Price i^s. 
 
 PUSEY, /)n— Sermons for the Church's Seasons from 
 Advent to Trinity. Selected from the Published Sermons 
 of the late Edward Bouverie Pusey, D.D. Crown 8vo, 5x. 
 
 RADCLIFFE, Frank R. K— The New Politicus. Small crown 8vo, 
 2s. 6d. 
 
 RANKE, Leopold z'*?;/.— Universal History. The oldest Historical 
 Group of Nations and the Greeks. Edited by G. W. Prothero. 
 Demy 8vo, i6j. 
 
 Realities of the Future Life. Small crown 8vo, \s. 6d. 
 
 RENDELLy y. M.—ConoisQ Handbook of the Island of 
 Madeira. With Plan of Funchal and Map of the Island. Fcap. 
 8vo, IS, 6./. 
 
Kegan Paul, Trench & Co!s Publicatiojis. 25 
 
 REYNOLDS, Rev. J. f^.— The Supernatural in Nature. A 
 
 Verification by Free Use of Science. Third Edition, Revised 
 and Enlarged. Demy 8vo, 14J. 
 The Mystery of Miracles. Third and Enlarged Edition. 
 Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 The Mystery of the Universe ; Our Common Faith. Demy 
 8vo, 14J. 
 
 RIBO T, Prof. 77?.— Heredity : A Psychological Study on its Phenomena, 
 its Laws, its Causes, and its Consequences. Second Edition, 
 ' Large crown 8vo, gs. 
 
 RIMMER, William, A/.D.—Avt Anatomy. A Portfolio of 81 Plates. 
 Folio, 'JOS., nett. 
 
 ROBERTSON, The late Rev. F. W., M.A.~\AiQ and Letters of. 
 Edited by the Rev. Stopford Brooke, M.A. 
 I. Two vols., uniform with the Sermons. With Steel Portrait. 
 Crown 8vo, ^s. 6d. 
 II. Library Edition, in Demy 8vo, with Portrait. 12S. 
 III. A Popular Edition, in i vol. Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 Sernaons. Four Series. Small crown 8vo, 3^. 6d. each. 
 The Human Race, and other Sermons. Preached at Chelten- 
 ham, Oxford, and Brighton. New and Cheaper Edition. Small 
 crown 8vo, 3J. 6d. 
 
 Notes on Genesis. New and Cheaper Edition. Small crown 8vo, 
 
 3J. 6d. 
 Expository Lectures on St. Paul's Epistles to the 
 
 Corinthians. A New Edition. Small crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 Lectures and Addresses, with other Literary Remains. A New 
 Edition. Small crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 An Analysis of Tennyson's " In Menaoriani." (Dedicated 
 by Permission to the Poet-Laureate.) Fcap. 8vo, 2s. 
 
 The Education of the Hunaan Race. Translated from the 
 German of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. Fcap. 8vo, 2s. 6d, 
 The above Works can also be had, bound in half morocco. 
 *#* A Portrait of the late Rev. F. W. Robertson, mounted for framing, 
 can be had, 2s. 6d. 
 
 ROMANES, G. y. — Mental Evolution in Animals. With a 
 Posthumous Essay on Instinct by Charles Darwin, F.R.S. 
 Demy 8vo, \2s. 
 
 ROSMINI SERB ATI, A., Founder of the Institute of Charity. Life. 
 By G. Stuart Mac Walter. 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 [Vol. I. now ready, \2s. 
 
 Rosmini's Origin of Ideas. Translated from the Fifth Italian 
 Edition of the Nuovo Saggio SulP origine delle idee. 3 vols. 
 Demy 8vo, cloth, \6s. each. 
 
 ROsmini's Psychology. 3 vols. Demy 8vo. [Vol. I. now ready, \6s. 
 
26 A List of 
 
 Rosmini's Philosophical System. Translated, with a Sketch oi 
 the Author's Life, Bibliography, Introduction, and Notes by 
 ThOMAS Davidson. Demy 8vo, i6s. 
 
 RULE^ Martin, M.J.—The Life and Times of St. Anselm, 
 
 Archbishop of Canterbury and Primate of the 
 
 Britains. 2 vols. Demy 8vo, ^2s. 
 SAMUEL, Sydney ^.—Jewish Life in the East. Small crown 
 
 8vo, 3x. 6d. 
 SARTORIUS, Ernesline.—T'hTeQ Months in the Soudan. With 
 
 II Full-page Illustrations. Demy Svo, 14J. 
 SAYCEf Rev. Archibald Henry.— InXToduciioxi to the Science of 
 
 Language. 2 vols. Second Edition. Large post Svo, 2IJ-. 
 
 Scientific Layman. The New Truth and the Old Faith : are they 
 Incompatible ? Demy Svo, los. 6d. 
 
 SCOONES, IF. Baj>iisU.— Four Centuries of Knglish Letters: 
 A Selection of 350 Letters by 150 Writers, from the Period of the 
 Paston Letters to the Present Time. Third Edition. Large 
 crown Svo, 6s. 
 
 S^Ey PROF. C^^^/^/AI— Bacillary Phthisis of the Lungs. 
 Translated and edited for English Practitioners by William 
 Henry Weddell, M.R.C.S. Demy Svo. , 
 
 SHILLITO, Rev. y^j^///.— 'Womanhood : its Duties, Temptations, 
 and Privileges. A Book for Young Women. Third Edition. 
 Crown Svo, 3^. 6d. 
 
 SHIRLEY, Rev. Orby, i1/.^.— Principles of the Faith in Rela- 
 tion to Sin. Topics for Thought in Times of Retreat. 
 Eleven Addresses delivered during a Retreat of Three Days to 
 Persons living in the World. Demy Svo, \2s. 
 
 SIDNEY y Algernon.— K Review. By Gertrude M. Ireland Black- 
 burn e. Crown Svo, 6j. 
 
 Sister Augustine, Superior of the Sisters of Charity at the St. 
 Tohannis Hospital at Bonn. Authorised Translation by Hans 
 Tharau, from the German '* Memorials of Amalie von 
 Lasaulx." Cheap Edition. Large crown Svo, 4J. dd. 
 
 SKINNER, James.— K Memoir. By the Author of " Charies Lowder. " 
 With a Preface by the Rev, Canon Carter, and Portrait. 
 Large crown, 7j. 6d. 
 \* Also a cheap Edition. With Portrait. Crown Svo, 3J. 6d. 
 
 SMITH, Edward, M.D., LL.B., /'./'.i'.— Tubercular Consump- 
 tion in its Early and Remediable Stages. Second 
 Edition. Crown Svo, ds. 
 
 SREDDING, y^w^j.— Reviews and Discussions, Literary, 
 Political, and Historical not relating to Bacon. Demy 
 Svo, I2J. dd. 
 Evenings with a Review^er *, or. Bacon and Macaulay. 
 With a Prefatory Notice by G. S. Venables, Q.C. 2 vols. 
 Demy Svo, iSj. 
 
Kegan Paul, Trench & Co!s Publications. 27 
 
 STAFFER, Pae//.— Shakespeare and Classical Antiquity: 
 Greek and Latin Antiquity as presented in Shakespeare's Plays. 
 Translated by Emily J. Carey. Large post 8vo, 12s. 
 
 STATIIAM, F. Reginald.— Vvee Thought and Truth Thought. 
 A Contribution to an Existing Argument. Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 STEVENSON, Rev. W. 7^— Hymns for the Church and Home. 
 Selected and Edited by the Rev. W. Fleming Stevenson. 
 
 The Hymn Book consists of Three Parts :— I. For Public 
 Worship.— II. For Family and Private Worship. — III. 
 For Children. Small Edition. Cloth limp, lo^. ; 
 cloth boards, \s. Large Type Edition. Cloth limp, 
 is. 3^. ; cloth boards, is. 6d. 
 
 Stray Papers on Education, and Scenes from School Life. By B. II. 
 Second Edition. Small crown 8vo, zs. 6d. 
 
 STREATFEILD, Rev. G. .5"., i^.^.— Lincolnshire and the Danes. 
 Large cro^vn Svo, ^s. 6d. 
 
 STRECKER- lVISLICEA'C/S.~OTga.nic Chemistry. Translated and 
 Edited, with Extensive Additions, by W. R. Hodgkinson, 
 Ph.D., and A. J. Greenaway, F.I.C. Demy Svo, 2is. 
 
 Study of the Prologue and Epilogue in English Literature. 
 From Shakespeare to Dryden. By G. S. B. Crown Svo, Ss. 
 
 SULLY, James, M.A. — Pessimism : a History and a Criticism. 
 Second Edition. Demy Svo, 14-5-. 
 
 SUTHERST, T/iomas.—TiesLtli and Disease Behind the Counter. 
 Crown Svo, is. 6d. ; sewed, is. 
 
 SWEDENBORG, Eman,—Tie Cultu et Amore Dei ubi Agitur 
 de Telluris ortu, Paradiso et Vivario, tum de Pri- 
 mogeniti Seu Adami Nativitate Infantia, et Amore. 
 Crown Svo, 6^-. 
 
 SYME, Z>az//^.— Representative Government in England. Its 
 Faults and Failures. Second Edition. Large crown Svo, 6s. 
 
 Tacitus's Agricola. A Translation. Small crown Svo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 TA YLOR, Rev. Isaac—The Alphabet. An Account of the Origin 
 and Development of Letters. With numerous Tables and 
 Facsimiles. 2 vols. Demy 8vo, 36^. 
 
 TAYLOR, Jeremy.— TYie Marriage Ring. With Preface, Notes, 
 and Appendices. Edited by Francis Burdett Money Coutts. 
 Small crown Svo, 2s, 6d. 
 
 TAYLOR, Sedky. — VTom Sharing between Capital and 
 Labour. To which is added a Memorandum on the Industrial 
 Partnership at the Whitwood Collieries, by Archibald and 
 Henry Briggs, with remarks by Sedley Taylor, Crown Svo, 
 2s. 6d. 
 
28 A List of 
 
 Thirty Thousand Thoughts. Edited by the Rev. Canon Spence, 
 Rev. J. S. ExELL, and Rev. Charles Neil. 6 vols. Super 
 royal 8vo. 
 
 [Vols. I., II., and III. now ready, i6s. each. 
 
 THOM, y. Hamilton.— 1^2i:ss[^ of Life after the Mind of Christ. 
 Second Edition. Crown 8vo, 7j. dd. 
 
 THOMSON.y. Turndull.— Social Problems ; or, An Inquiry into 
 the Laws of Influence. "With Diagrams. Demy 8vo, los. 6d. 
 
 TIDMAN', Paul F.~Go\d and Silver Money. Part I.— A Plain 
 Statement. Part II. — Objections Answered. Third Edition. 
 Crown 8vo, is. 
 
 TIPPLE^ Rev. S. ^.—Sunday Mornings at Norwood. Prayers 
 and Sermons. Crown 8vo, 6j. 
 
 TODHUNTER, Dr. J.—K Study of Shelley. Crown 8vo, ys. 
 
 TRANT, William.— i:va.dLQ Unions ; Their Origin, Objects, and 
 Efficacy. Small crown 8vo, is. 6d. ; paper covers, is. 
 
 TREMENHEERE, Hugh Seymour, C.B.— K Manual of the 
 Principles of Government, as set forth by the Authorities 
 of Ancient and Modern Times. New and Enlarged Edition. 
 Crown 8vo, 3^-. 6d, 
 
 TUKE, Daniel Hack, M.D., F. R.C. P.— ChsLpters in the History 
 of the Insane in the British Isles. With Four Illustra- 
 tions. Large crown 8vo, 12s. 
 
 TWINING, Louisa. — "Workhouse Visiting and Management 
 during Twenty-Five Years. Small cro^vn 8vo, 2j. 
 
 TYLER, y.— The Mystery of Being : or, What Do We 
 Know ? Small crown 8vo, 3X. 6^. 
 
 UPTON, Major R. Z>.— Gleanings from the Desert of Arabia. 
 
 Large post 8vo, los. 6d. 
 
 VACUUS VIATOR.— Flying South. Recollections of France and 
 its Littoral. Small crown 8vo, 3j. 6^. 
 
 VAUGIIAN, H. Hal/ord.—'Ne^iv Readings and Renderings of 
 Shakespeare's Tragedies. 2 vols. Demy 8vo, 25X. 
 
 VILLARI, Professor. — Niccolo Machiavelli and his Times. 
 Translated by Linda Villari. 4 vols. Large post 8vo, ^%s. 
 
 VILLI ERS, The Right Hon. C. P.— Free Trade Speeches of. 
 With Political Memoir. Edited by a Member of the Cobdcn 
 Club. 2 vols. With Portrait. Demy 8vo, 25^. 
 %* People's Edition, i vol. Crown 8vo, limp cloth, 2s. 6d. 
 
 VOGT, Lieut.-CoL Hermann.— Ulie Egyptian War of 1882. 
 A translation. With Map and Plans. Large crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 VOLCR'XSOM, E. W. z;.— Catechism of Elementary Modern 
 Chemistry. Small crown Svo, 3J. 
 
Kegan Pauly Trench & Go's Ptiblications. 29 
 
 VYNEE, Lady Mary. — Every Day a Portion. Adapted from the 
 Bible and the Prayer Book, for the Private Devotion of those 
 living in Widowhood. Collected and Edited by Lady Mary 
 Vyner, Square crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 WALDSTEIN, Charles, Fh.D.—T:h.Q Balance of Emotion and 
 Intellect ; an Introductory Essay to the Study of Philosophy. 
 Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 WALLER, Rev. C. B. — The Apocalypse, reviewed under the Light 
 of the Doctrine of the Unfolding Ages, and the Restitution of All 
 Things. Demy 8vo, \2s. 
 
 IVALPOLE, Chas. George.— K Short History of Ireland from the 
 Earliest Times to the Union with Great Britain. 
 
 With 5 Maps and Appendices. Second Edition. Crown Svo, 6j. 
 
 WALSHE, Walter Hayle, Ji.Z>.— Dramatic Singing Physiolo- 
 gically Estimated. Crown Svo, 3^. 6d. 
 
 WARD, William George, i%.Z>.— Essays on the Philosophy of 
 Theism. Edited, with an Introduction, by Wilfrid Ward. 
 2 vols. Demy Svo, 21s. 
 
 WARD, Wilfrid. — The "Wish to Believe, A Discussion Concern- 
 ing the Temper of Mind in which a reasonable Man should 
 undertake Religious Inquiry. Small crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 WEDDERB URN, Sir David, Bart. , M. P.— Life of. Compiled from his 
 Journals and Writings by his sister, Mrs. E. H. Percival. With 
 etched Portrait, and facsimiles of Pencil Sketches. Demy Svo, 14J. 
 
 WEDMORE, Frederick.— T:\ie Masters of Genre Painting. With 
 Sixteen Illustrations. Post Svo, 7^. 6d. 
 
 "What to Do and How to Do It. A Manual of the Law affecting 
 the Housing and Sanitary Condition of Londoners, with special 
 Reference to the Dwellings of the Poor. Issued by the Sanitary 
 Laws Enforcement Society. Demy Svo, is. 
 
 WHEWELL, William, Z>.Z>.— His Life and Selections from his 
 Correspondence. By Mrs. Stair Douglas. With a Portrait 
 from a Painting by Samuel Laurence. Demy Svo, 21s. 
 
 WHITNEY, Prof. William Z>wz^//^. — Essentials of English 
 Grammar, for the Use of Schools. Second Edition. Crown 
 Svo, y.. 6d. 
 
 WILLIAMS, Rowland, Z>.Z>.— Psalms, Litanies, Counsels, and 
 Collects for Devout Persons. Edited by his Widow. New 
 and Popular Edition. Crown Svo, 3^-. 6d. 
 
 Stray Thoughts Collected from the ^Writings of the 
 late Rowland "Williams, D.D. Edited by his Widow. 
 Crown Svo, ^s. 6d. 
 
 WILSON, Lieut. -Col. C. r. — The Duke of Berwick, Marshal 
 of France, 17Q2-1734. Demy Svo, 15J. 
 
30 A List q/ 
 
 WILSON, Mrs, R. /^.— The Christian Brothers. Their Origin and 
 Work. With a Sketch of the Life of their Founder, the Ven. 
 Jean Baptiste, de la Salle. Crown 8vo, ds. 
 
 WOLTMANN, Z>;. Alfred, and WOERMANN, Dr. A-ar/.— History 
 of Painting. Edited by Sidney Colvin. Vol. I. Painting 
 in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. With numerous Illustrations. 
 Medium 8vo, 28^. ; bevelled boards, gilt leaves, 30J. 
 
 Word was Made Flesh. Short Family Readings on the Epistles for 
 each Sunday of the Christian Year. Demy 8vo, loj. 6d. 
 
 WREN, Sir Christopher .—^\& Family and His Times. With 
 Original Letters, and a Discourse on Architecture hitherto un- 
 published. By Lucy Piiillimore. Demy 8vo, loj. (3d. 
 
 YOUMANS, Eliza ^.— First Book of Botany. Designed to 
 Cultivate the Observing Powers of Children. With 300 
 Engravings. New and Cheaper Edition. Crown 8vo, 2.s. 6d. 
 
 YOUMANS, Edward L., M.D.—K Class Book of Chemistry, on 
 the Basis of the New System. With 200 Illustrations. Crown 
 8vo, 5J. 
 
 THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC SERIES. 
 
 I. Forms of ^Water: a Familiar Exposition of the Origin and 
 
 Phenomena of Glaciers. By J. Tyndall, LL.D., F.R.S. With 
 25 Illustrations. Eighth Edition. Crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 II. Physics and Politics ; or, Thoughts on the Application of the 
 
 Principles of "Natural Selection " and *' Inheritance " to Political 
 Society, By Walter Bagehot. Sixth Edition. Crown 8vo, 4^. 
 
 III. Foods. By Edward Smith, M.D., LL.B., F.R.S. With numerous 
 
 Illustrations. Eighth Edition. Crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 IV. Mind and Body : the Theories of their Relation. By Alexander 
 
 Bain, LL.D. With Four Illustrations. Seventh Edition. Crown 
 8vo, 4J. 
 
 V. The Study of Sociology. By Herbert Spencer. Eleventh 
 
 Edition. Crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 VI. On the Conservation of Energy. By Balfour Stewart, M.A., 
 
 LL.D., F.R.S. With 14 Illustrations. Sixth Edition. Crown 
 8vo, 5J. 
 
 VII. Animal Locomotion ; or Walking, Swimming, and Flying. By 
 
 J. B. Pettigrcw, M.D., F.R.S., etc. With 130 Illustrations. 
 Third Edition. Crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 VIII. Responsibility in Mental Disease. By Henry Maudsley, 
 
 M.D. Fourth Edition, Crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
Kegan Paul^ Trench & Go's Publications. 31 
 
 rX. The New Chemistry. By Professor J. P. Cooke. With 31 
 Illustrations. Eighth Edition, remodelled and enlarged. Crown 
 8vo, 5x. 
 
 X. The Science of Law. By Professor Sheldon Amos. Fifth Edition. 
 
 Crown 8vo, ^s. 
 
 XI. Animal Mechanism : a Treatise on Terrestrial and Aerial Loco- 
 
 motion. By Professor E. J. Marey. With 117 Illustrations. 
 Third Edition. Crown 8vo, 5^-. 
 
 XII. The Doctrine of Descent and Darwinism. By Professor 
 
 Oscar Schmidt, With 26 Illustrations. Sixth Edition. Crown 
 Svo, 5^. 
 
 XIII. The History of the Conflict between Religion and 
 
 Science. By J. W. Draper, M.D., LL.D. Eighteenth Edition, 
 Crown Svo,, ^s. 
 
 XIV. Fungi : their Nature, Influences, Uses, etc. By INI. C. Cooke, 
 
 M.D., LL.D. Edited by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, M.A., F.L.S. 
 With numerous Illustrations. Tliird Edition. Crown Svo, <^s, 
 
 XV. The Chemical Kflects of Light and Photography. By 
 
 Dr. Hermann Vogel. Translation thoroughly Revised, With 
 100 Illustrations. Fourth Edition. Crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 XVI. The Life and Growth of Language. By Professor William 
 
 Dwight Whitney. Fourth Edition. Crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 XVII. Money and the Mechanism of Exchange. By W. 
 
 Stanley Jevons, M.A., F.R.S. Sixth Edition. Crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 XVIII. The Nature of Light. With a General Account of Physical 
 Optics. By Dr. Eugene Lommel. With 1S8 Illustrations and a 
 Table of Spectra in Chromo-lithography. Third Edition. Crown 
 Svo, $s. 
 
 XIX. Animal Parasites and Messmates. By P. J. Van Beneden. 
 
 With S3 Illustrations. Third Edition. Crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 XX. Fernaentation. By Professor Schiitzenberger. With 28 Illus- 
 
 trations. Fourth Edition. Crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 XXI. The Five Senses of Man. By Professor Bernstein. With 
 
 91 Illustrations. Fourth Edition. Crown Svo, 5^-. 
 
 XXII. The Theory of Sound in its Relation to Music. By Pro- 
 
 fessor Pietro Blaserna. With numerous Illustrations. Third 
 Edition. Cro\\n Svo, 5^. 
 
 XXIII. Studies in Spectrum Analysis. By J. Norman Lockyer, 
 F.R.S. With six photographic Illustrations of Spectra, and 
 numerous engravings on Wood. Third Edition. Crown Svo, 
 es. 6d. 
 
 XXIV. A History of the Growth of the Steam Engine. By 
 
 Professor R. H. Thurston. With numerous Illustrations, Third 
 Edition, Crown Svo, 6s, 6d, 
 
32 A List of 
 
 XXV. Education as a Science. By Alexander Bain, LL.D. Fourth 
 
 Edition. Crown 8vo,'5j. 
 
 XXVI. The Human Species. By Professor A. de Quatrefages. Tliird 
 
 Edition. Crown 8vo, ^s. 
 
 XXVII. Modern Chromatics. With Applications to Art and In- 
 dustry. By Ogden N. Rood. With 130 original Illustrations. 
 Second Edition. Crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 XXVIII. The Crayfish : an Introduction to the Study of Zoology. By 
 Professor T. H. Huxley. With 82 Illustrations. Fourth Edition. 
 Crown 8vo, $s. 
 
 XXIX. The Brain as an Organ of Mind. By H. Charlton Bastian, 
 LI.D. With numerous Illustrations. Third Edition. Crown 
 8vo, 5j. 
 
 XXX. The Atomic Theory. By Prof. Wurtz. Translated by G. 
 
 Cleminshaw, F.C.S. Third Edition. Crown 8vo, 55-. 
 
 XXXI. The Natural Conditions of Existence as they aftect 
 Aninaal Life. By Karl Semper. With 2 Maps and 106 
 Woodcuts. Third Edition. Crown 8vo, 51, 
 
 XXXII. General Physiology of Muscles and Nerves. By Prof. 
 J. Rosenthal. Third Edition. With Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 
 
 XXXIII. Sight : an Exposition of the Principles of Monocular and 
 Binocular Vision. By Joseph le Conte, LL.D. Second Edition. 
 With 132 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, $s. 
 
 XXXIV. Illusions : a Psychological Study. By James Sully. Second 
 Edition. Crown 8vo, $s. 
 
 XXXV. Volcanoes : what they are and what they teach. 
 By Professor J. W. Judd, F.R.S. With 92 Illustrations on 
 Wood. Third Edition. Crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 XXXVI. Suicide : an Essay on Comparative Moral Statistics. By Prof. 
 H. Morselli. Second Edition. With Diagrams. Crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 XXXVII. The Brain and its Functions. By J. Luys. With 
 Illustrations. Second Edition. Crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 XXXVIII. Myth and Science : an Essay. By Tito Vignoli. Second 
 Edition. Crown 8vo, $s. 
 
 XXXIX. The Sun. By Professor Young. With Illustrations. Second 
 Edition. Crown 8vo, $s. 
 
 XL. Ants, Bees, and "Wasps : a Record of Observations on the 
 Habits of the Social Hymenoptera. By Sir John Lubbock, Bart., 
 M. P. With 5 Chromo-lithographic Illustrations, Seventh Edition. 
 Cro\Mi 8vo, Sj. 
 
Kegan Paul, Trench & Co.'s Publtcattons. 33 
 
 XLI. Animal Intelligence. By G. J. Romanes, LL.D., F.R.S. 
 Third Edition. Crown 8vo, 5j. 
 
 XLII. The Concepts and Theories of Modern Physics. By 
 J. B. Stallo. Third Edition. Crown 8vo, ^s. 
 
 XLIII. Diseases of the Memory ; An Essay in the Positive Psycho- 
 logy. By Prof. Th. Ribot. Second Edition. Crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 XLIV. Man before Metals. By N. Joly, with 148 Illustrations. 
 Third Edition. Crown 8vo, 5^-. 
 
 XLV. The Science of Politics. By Prof. Sheldon Amos. Third 
 Edition. Crown 8vo, 5^-. 
 
 XLVI. Elementary Meteorology. By Robert H. Scott. Third 
 Edition. With Numerous Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 XLVII, The Organs of Speech and their Application in the 
 Formation of Articulate Sounds. By Georg Hermann 
 Von Meyer. With 47 Woodcuts. Crown 8vo, 5j. 
 
 XLVIII. Fallacies. A View of Logic from the Practical Side. By 
 Alfred Sidgwick. Cro\vn 8vo, 5^. 
 
 XLIX. Origin of Cultivated Plants. By Alphonse de Candolle. 
 Crown 8vo, $s, 
 
 L. Jelly-Fish, Star- Fish, and Sea-Urchins. Being a Research 
 on Primitive Nervous Systems. By G. J. Romanes. Crown 
 8vo, 5^. 
 
 MILITARY WORKS. 
 
 BARRINGTON, Capt. J, 7.— England on the Defensive ; or, the 
 Problem of Invasion Critically Examined. Large crown 8vo, 
 with Map, *js. 6d. 
 
 BRACKENBURY, Col. C. B., ^.^. — Military Handbooks for 
 Regimental Officers. 
 
 I. Military Sketching and Reconnaissance. By Col. 
 F. J. Hutchison and Major H. G. MacGregor. Fourth 
 Edition. With 15 Plates. Small crown 8vo, 4^. 
 
 II. The Elenaents of Modern Tactics Practically 
 applied to English Formations. By Lieut. -Col. 
 Wilkinson Shaw. Fifth Edition. With 25 Plates and 
 Maps. Small crown 8vo, qj. 
 
 III. Field Artillery. Its Equipment, Organization and Tactics. 
 By Major Sisson C. Pratt, R.A. With 12 Plates. Second 
 Edition. Small crown 8vo, ds. 
 
 D 
 
34 A i^ist of 
 
 Military Handbooks — continued. 
 
 IV. The Elements of Military Administration. First 
 
 Part : Permanent System of Administration. By Major 
 J. W. Buxton. Small crown 8vo. ^s. 6d. 
 
 V. Military La-w : Its Procedure and Practice. By Major 
 
 Sisson C. Pratt, R.A, Second Edition. Small crown 8vo, 
 4J. 6d. 
 
 VI. Cavalry in Modern 'War. By Col. F. Chenevix Trench. 
 Small crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 VII. Field ^Works. Their Technical Construction and Tactical 
 Application. By , the Editor, Col. C, B. Brackenbury, R.A. 
 Small crown Svo. 
 
 BROOKE y Major, C. IC.—A. System of Field Training. Small 
 crown Svo, cloth limp, 2s. 
 
 CLERYy C, Lteuf.-Col.— Minor Tactics. With 26 Maps and Plans. 
 Sixth and Cheaper Edition, Revised. Crown Svo, 9^. 
 
 COL VILE, Lieut. -Col. C. /^.—Military Tribunals. Sewed, 2s. 6d. 
 
 CRAUFURD, Capt. H. 7.— Suggestions for the Military Train- 
 ing of a Company of Ihfantry. Crown Svo, is. 6d. 
 
 HARRISON, Lieut.'Col. 7?.— The Officer's Memorandum Book 
 for Peace and "War. Third Edition. Oblong 32mo, roan, 
 with pencil, 3J. 6d. 
 
 Notes on Cavalry Tactics, Organisation, etc. By a Cavalry 
 Officer, With Diagrams. Demy Svo, \2s. 
 
 PARR, Capt. II. Hallam, C.M.G. — The Dress, Horses, and 
 Equipment of Infantry and Staff Officers. Crown 
 Svo, is. 
 
 SCHAW, Col. H.—The Defence and Attack of Positions and 
 Localities. Third Edition, Revised and Corrected. Crown 
 Svo, 3s. 6d. 
 
 WILKINSON, H. Spenser, Capt. 20th Lamashire ^.K — Citizen 
 Soldiers. Essays towards the Improvement of the Volunteer 
 Force. Crown Svo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 POETRY. 
 
 ADAM OF ST. VICTOR.— UliQ Liturgical Poetry of Adam of 
 St. Victor. From the text of Gautier. With Translations into 
 English in the Original Metres, and Short Explanatory Notes, 
 by DiGBY S. Wrangham, M.A. 3 vols. CroAvn Svo, printed 
 on hand-made paper, boards, 21s. 
 
 AUCHMUTYyA. C— Poems of English Heroism : FromBrunan- 
 burh to Lucknow ; from Athclstan to Albert. Small crown Svo, 
 \s. 6d, 
 
Kegaii Patily Trench & Co!s Ptiblications. 35 
 
 A VIA.— The Odyssey of Homer. Done into English Verse by. 
 Fcap. 4to, 1 5 J. 
 
 BARING, T. C, M.F.—rhe Scheme of Epicurus. A Render- 
 ing into English Verse of the Unfinished Poem of Lucretius, 
 entitled " De Rerum Natura." Fcap. 4to, 7^. 
 
 BARNES, William.— ^oeras of Rural Life, in the Dorset 
 Dialect. New Edition, complete in one vol. Crown 8vo, 
 Ss. 6d. 
 
 BAYNES, Rev. Canon H. ^.— Home Songs for Quiet Hours. 
 Fourth and Cheaper Edition. Fcap. 8vo, cloth, 2s. td. 
 
 BENDALLy Gerard.— J^Msa. Silvestris. i6mo, is. 6d. 
 
 BEVINGTON, L. 6-.— Key Notes. Small crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 BILLSONy C. y.— The Acharnians of Aristophanes. Crown 
 Svo, 3J. 6d. 
 
 BLUNT, Wilfrid Scawen. — TYiQ ^Wind and the ^Whirlwind. 
 Demy Svo, is. 6d. 
 
 BOWEN, H. C, iT/.^.— Simple English Poems. English Literature 
 for Junior Classes. In Four Parts. Parts I., XL, and III., ^d. 
 each, and Part IV., is. Complete, 3^. 
 
 BRASHER, ^//r<far.— Sophia ", or, the Viceroy of Valencia. A Comedy 
 in Five Acts, founded on a Story in Scarron. Small crown Svo, 
 2.S. 6d. 
 
 BRYANT, W. C— Poems. Cheap Edition, with Frontispiece. Small 
 crown Svo, 3j. 6d. 
 
 BYRNNE, E. Fairfax. — Milicent ; a Poem. Small crown Svo, 6i-. 
 
 CAILLARD, Emma Marie. — Charlotte Corday, and other Poems. 
 Small crown Svo, '^s. 6d. 
 
 Calderon's Dramas : the Wonder-Working Magician — Life is a 
 Dream — the Purgatory of St. Patrick. Translated by Denis 
 Florence MacCarthy. Post Svo, los. 
 
 Camoens Lusiads. — Portuguese Text, with Translation by J. J. 
 AUBKRTIN. Second Edition. 2 vols. Crown Svo, 12s. 
 
 CAMPBELL, Zf7WJ.— Sophocles. The Seven Plays in English Verse. 
 Crown Svo, 'js. 6d. 
 
 Castilian Brothers (The), Chateaubriant, ^Waldemar : Three 
 Tragedies ; and The Rose of Sicily : a Drama. By the 
 Author of " Ginevra," etc. Crown Svo, 6s. 
 
 Christian (Owen) Poems. Small crown Svo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 Chronicles of Christopher Columbus. A Poem in 12 Cantos. 
 By M. D. C. Crown Svo, 7f, 6</. 
 
36 A List of 
 
 CLARKE^ Mary Cfw^<?«.— Honey from the ^WTeed. Verses. 
 Crown 8vo, *]s. 
 
 Cosmo de Medici ; The False One ; Agramont and Beau- 
 mont : Three Tragedies ; and The Deformed : a Dramatic 
 Sketch. By the Author of " Ginevra," etc., etc. Crown 8vo, 5^-. 
 
 COXHEAD, Ethel— 'Biv&s and Babies. Imp. i6mo. With 33 
 Illustrations. Gilt, 2.s. 6d. 
 
 David Rizzio, Both well, and the A?V'itch Lady : Three 
 Tragedies. By the author of *' Ginevra," etc. Crown 8vo,6j. 
 
 DAVIE, G.S.y M.D.—The Garden of Fragrance. Being a com- 
 plete translation of the Bostan of Sadi from the original Persian 
 into English Verse. Crown 8vo, ys. 6d. 
 
 DA VIES, T. Bart.— Cedullns. Translated into English Verse. Crown 
 
 8vo, 6j-. 
 DENNIS, y.— English Sonnets. Collected and Arranged by. Small 
 
 crown 8vo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 DE VERE, Auhry.—Voetical "Works. 
 
 I. The Search after Proserpine, etc. 6s. 
 II. The Legends of St. Patrick, etc. 6s. 
 III. Alexander the Great, etc. ts. 
 
 The Foray of Queen Meave, and other Legends of Ireland's 
 Heroic Age. Small crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 Legends of the Saxon Saints. Small crown Svo, 6s. 
 
 DILLON, Arthur.— 'B.Yvev Songs and other Poems. With 13 
 autotype Illustrations from designs by Margery May. Fcap. 4to, 
 cloth extra, gilt leaves, los. 6d. 
 
 DOBELL, Mrs. ^^r^^^.— Ethelstone, Eveline, and other Poems. 
 Crown Svo, 6s. 
 
 DOBSON, Austin.— Old "World Idylls and other Verses. Fourth 
 Edition. iSmcr, cloth extra, gilt tops, 6s. 
 
 DOMET, Alfred.— 'B.diXioM and Amohia. A Dream of Two Lives. 
 New Edition, Revised. 2 vols. Crown Svo, lis. 
 
 Dorothy : a Country Story in Elegiac Verse. With Preface. Demy 
 Svo, 5^. 
 
 DOWDENy Edward, ZZ.Z>.— Shakspere's Sonnets. With Intro- 
 duction and Notes. Large post Svo, 7j. 6d. 
 
 DUTT, Toru.—K Sheaf Gleaned in French Fields. New Edition. 
 Demy Svo, \os. 6d. 
 
 EDMONDS, E. JJ/.~Hesperas. Rhythm and Rhyme. Crown Svo, \s. 
 EDWARDS, Miss Betham.—VoQras. Small crown Svo, 3J. 6d. 
 
Kegan Paul, Trench & CoJs Publications, 37 
 
 ELDRYTB, i^awa^.— Margaret, and other Poems. Small crown 8vo, 
 
 All Soul's Eve, "No God," and other Poems. Fcap. 8vo, 
 3J. 6d. 
 
 ELLIOTT, Ebenezer, The Corn Laiv Rhymer.— Vo^ras. Edited by his 
 son, the Rev. Edwin Elliott, of St. John's, Antigua. 2 vols. 
 Crown 8vo, iSj-. 
 
 English Verse. Edited by W. J. Linton and R. H. Stoddard. 
 5 vols. Crown Svo, cloth, 5^-. each. 
 I. Chaucer to Burns. . 
 II. Translations. 
 
 III. Lyrics of the Nineteenth Century. 
 
 IV. Dramatic Scenes and Characters. 
 V. Ballads and Romances. 
 
 ^AT"^.— Gathered Leaves. Small crown Svo. 
 
 EVANS, Anne. — Poems and Music. With Memorial Preface by 
 Ann Thackeray Ritchie. Large crown Svo, 7j. 
 
 FORSTER, the late m/h'am.— Midas. Crown Svo, 5j. 
 
 GINNER, Isaac B.—TYiQ Death of Otho, and other Poems. Small 
 crown Svo, ^s. 
 
 GOODCHILD, John ^.— Somnia Medici. Small crown Svo, S^. 
 
 GOSSE, Edmund ^.— New Poems. Crown Svo, 7^. dd. 
 
 GRAHAM, William. Two Fancies, and other Poems. Crown Svo, 5>f. 
 
 GRINDROD, Charles. Plays from English History. Crown 
 Svo, Ts. 6d. 
 
 The Stranger's Story, and his Poem, The Lament of Love : An 
 Episode of the Malvern Hills. Small crown Svo, 2s. 6d, 
 
 GURNEY, Rev. Alfred.— The Vision of the Eucharist, and other' 
 Poems. Crown Svo, 5j. 
 
 A Christmas Faggot. Small crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 HELLON, H. (7.— Daphnis: a Pastoral Poem. Small crown Svo, 
 3J. dd. 
 
 HENRY, Daniel, y««n— Under a Fool's Cap. Songs. Crown Svo, 
 cloth, bevelled boards, 5^-. 
 
 Herman "Waldgrave : a Life's Drama. By the Author of " Ginevra," 
 etc. Crown Svo, 6j. 
 
 HEYWOOD, y. C— Herodias, a Dramatic Poem. New Edition, 
 Revised. Small crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 HICKEY, E. H.—A Sculptor, and other Poems. Small crown 
 Svo, Ss. 
 
 D 3 
 
SS . A List of 
 
 HONEYWOOD, Patty.— '^OQms,. Dedicated (by permission) to Lord 
 Wolseley, G.C.B., etc. Small crown 8vo, 2s. bd. 
 
 JENKINS, Rev. Canon.— Alfonso Petrucci, Cardinal and Con- 
 spirator: an Historical Tragedy in Five Acts. Small crown 8vo, 
 3s. 6d. 
 
 JONNSON, Ernie S. ?r.— Ilaria, and other Poems. Small crown 8vo, 
 Zs. 6d. 
 
 KEA TS, y^;/«.— Poetical ^WTorks. Edited by W. T. Arnold. Large 
 crown Svo, choicely printed on hand-made paper, with Portrait 
 in eau-forte. Parchment or cloth, \2s. ; vellum, 15J. 
 
 KENNEDY, Captain A. W. M. C/ar^.— Robert the Bruce. A 
 Poem : Historical and Romantic. With Three Illustrations by 
 James Faed, Jun. Printed on hand-made paper, parchment, 
 bevelled boards, crown Svo, los. 6d. 
 
 KING, Edward.— KcYioes from the Orient. With Miscellaneous 
 Poems. Small crown Svo, 3^. 6d. 
 
 KING, Mrs. Nami'/ton.—Th.e Disciples. Sixth Edition, with Portrait 
 and Notes. Crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 A Book of Dreams. Crown Svo, 3^. 6d. 
 
 KNOX, The Hon. Mrs. 0. iV.— Four Pictures from a Life, and 
 other Poems. Small crown Svo, 3r. dd, 
 
 LANG, ^.— XXXII Ballades in Blue China. Eksvir Svo, 
 parchment, 5^. 
 
 Rhymes a la Mode. With Frontispiece by E. A. Abbey. iSmo, 
 gilt tops, Sj. 
 
 LAWSON, Right Hon. Mr. Justice.— l^^xaxA Usitati Latine 
 Redditi : with other Verses. Small Svo, parchment, 5^. 
 
 Lessing's Nathan the 'Wise. Translated by Eustace K. Corbett. 
 Crown Svo, 6j. 
 
 Life Thoughts. Small crown Svo, 2s, 6d, 
 
 Living English Poets MDGCGLXXXII. With Frontispiece by 
 Walter Crane. Second Edition. Large crown Svo. Printed on 
 hand-made paper. Parchment or cloth, 12s. ; vellum, 15^. 
 
 LOCKER, /^— London Lyrics. New Edition. With Portrait, 
 iSmo. Cloth extra, gilt tops, 5^. 
 
 Love in Idleness. A Volume of Poems. With an Etching by W. B. 
 Scott. Small crown Svo, $s. 
 
 Love Sonnets of Proteus. With Frontispiece by the Author. Elzevir 
 Svo, Sj. 
 
 LUMSDEN, Lieut.-Col. H. ^.—Beowulf: an Old English Poem. 
 Translated into Modem Rhymes. Second and Revised Edition. 
 Small crown Svo, 5^. 
 
Kegan Paid, Trench & Co!s Publications. 39 
 
 Lyre and Star. Poems by the Author of " Ginevra," etc. Crown 
 8vo, 5j. 
 
 MACGREGOR, Bmtcan. —Clonds and Sunlight. Poems. Small 
 crown 8vo, 5^. 
 
 MAGNUSSON, Eirikr, M.A., and PALMER, E. H,, il/.^.— Johan 
 Ludvig Runeberg's Lyrical Songs, Idylls, and Epi- 
 grams. Fcap. 8vo, 5j. 
 
 M.D.C. — Chronicles of Christopher Columbus. A Poem in 
 Twelve Cantos. Crovra Svo, 'js. 6d. 
 
 MEREDITH, Owen [The Earl of Lytton\.—'Lyxc\lQ. New Edition. 
 With 32 Illustrations. i6mo, 3^. 6d, Cloth extra, gilt edges, 
 4J. 6d. 
 
 MORRIS, Lewis. — Poetical "Works of. New and Cheaper Editions, 
 with Portrait. Complete in 3 vols., $s. each. 
 Vol. I. contains "Songs of Two Worlds." Eleventh Edition. 
 Vol. II. contains '* The Epic of Hades." Eighteenth Edition. 
 Vol. III. contains " Gwen " and "The Ode of Life." Sixth Edition, 
 
 The Epic of Hades. With 16 Autotype Illustrations, after the 
 Drawings of the late George R. Chapman. 4to, cloth extra, gilt 
 leaves, 21s. 
 
 The Epic of Hades. Presentation Edition. 4to, cloth extra, 
 gilt leaves, ioj. 6d. 
 
 Songs Unsung. Fourth Edition. Fcap. Svo, 6s, 
 
 The Lewis Morris Birthday Book. Edited by S. S. Cope- 
 man, with Frontispiece after a Design by the late George R. 
 Chapman. 32mo, cloth extra, gilt edges, 2s. ; cloth Ump, is. 6d. 
 
 MORSHEAD, E. D. ^. — The House of Atreus. Being the 
 Agamemnon, Libation-Bearers, and Furies of .^schyhis. Trans- 
 lated into English Verse. Crown Svo, ']s. 
 
 The Suppliant Maidens of -<Eschylus. Crown Svo, 3^. 6^. 
 
 NADEN, Constance ^T.— Songs and Sonnets of Spring Time. 
 Small crown Svo, 5j. 
 
 NEWELL, E. y.— The Sorrows of Simona and Lyrical 
 Verses. Small crown Svo, 3^. dd. 
 
 NOEL, The Hon. Roden.—K Little Child's Monument. Third 
 Edition. Small crown Svo, 3J. dd. 
 
 The Red Flag, and other Poems. New Edition. Small crown 
 Svo, ds. 
 
 0' HAG AN, y7/m.— The Song of Roland. Translated into English 
 Verse. New and Cheaper Edition. Crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 PFEIFFER, Emzfy.—rhe Rhyme of the Lady of the Rock, 
 and How it Grew. Small crown Svo, 3^. 6d. 
 
40 A List of 
 
 PFEIFFER, Emily— continued. 
 
 Gerard's Monument, and other Poems. Second Edition. 
 Crown 8vo, 6^. 
 
 Under the Aspens ; Lyrical and Dramatic. With Portrait. 
 Crown 8vo, ds, 
 
 PIATT, y. y.— Idyls and Lyrics of the Ohio Valley. Crown 
 8vo, 5j. 
 
 RAFFALOVICH, Mark Andrl — Cyril and Lionel, and other 
 Poems. A volume of Sentimental Studies. Small crown Svo, 
 
 Zs. ed. 
 
 Rare Poems of the 16th and 17th Centuries. Edited W. J. 
 Linton. Crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 RHOADES, James.— i:\iQ. Georgics of Virgil. Translated into 
 English Verse. Small crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 ROBINSON, A. Mary F.—A Handful of Honeysuckle. Fcap. 
 Svo, 3^. 6d. 
 
 The Crowned Hippoly tus. Translated from Euripides. With 
 New Poems. Small crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 ROUS, Lieut. - Col.— ConvSLdin. Small crown Svo, 2s. 
 
 Schiller's Mary Stuart. German Text, with English Translation on 
 opposite page by Leedham White. Crown Svo, 6s. 
 
 SCOTT, E.J. Z.— The Eclogues of Virgil.— Translated into English 
 Verse. Small crown Svo, 3J. (>d. 
 
 SCOTT, George F. E. — Theodora and other Poems. Smal) 
 crown Svo, 3^. 6d. 
 
 SEAL, fV, II.— lone, and other Poems. Second and Cheaper Edition^ 
 revised, crown Svo, 3^. 6d. 
 
 SELKIRK, /. ^.— Poems. Crown Svo, ^s. 6d. 
 
 SHARP, JVi/liam.— KnpliremsL: or. The Test of Love. A Poem 
 Crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 SKINNER, H. 7.— The Lily of the Lyn, and other Poems. Small 
 crown Svo, 3^. 6d. 
 
 S LADEN, Douglas ^.— Frithjof and Ingebjorg, and other 
 Poems. Small crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 SMITH, y. W. Gilbari.— i:\ie Loves of Vandyck. A Tale of Genoa. 
 Small crown Svo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 The Log o' the " Norseman." Small crown Svo, 5^. 
 
 Sophocles ; The Seven Plays in English Verse. Translated by Lewis 
 Campbell. Crown Svo. is. td. 
 
Kegan Paul, Trench & Co!s Publications, 41 
 
 SPICER, Henry. — Haska : a Drama in Three Acts (as represented 
 at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, March loth, 1877). Third 
 Edition. Crown 8vo, 3J-. ^d. 
 
 SYMONDS, John Addmgfon.—V a.ga.hunduli I-ibellus. Crown 
 
 8vo, 6s, 
 Tares. Crown 8vo, ij-. 6d. 
 
 Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered. Translated by Sir John Kingston 
 James, Bart. Two Volumes. Printed on hand-made paper, 
 parchment, bevelled boards. Large ci^own 8vo, 21s. 
 
 TAYLOR, Sir 7/.— "Works. Complete in Five Volumes. Crown 
 8vo, 30i-. 
 
 Philip Van Artevelde. Fcap. 8vo, 3^. dd. 
 
 The Virgin "Widow, etc. Fcap. 8vo, 3^. 6r/. 
 
 The Statesman. Fcap. 8vo, y. 6d. 
 
 TAYLOR y Atigusins.—VoQms. Fcap. 8vo, 5^. 
 
 TAYLOR, Margaret ScoiL—^^ Bojs Together," and other Poems. 
 Small crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 THORNTON', L. J/.— The Son of Shelomith. Small crown 8vo, 
 3s. 6d. 
 
 TODHUNTER, Dr. ^.— Laurella, and other Poems. Crown 8vo, 
 6s. 6d. 
 Forest Songs. Small crown 8vo, y. 6d. 
 The True Tragedy of Rienzi : a Drama. 3^. 6d» 
 Alcestis : a Dramatic Poem. Extra fcap. 8vo, 5^. 
 
 TYLER, M. C— Anne Boleyn. A Tragedy in Six Acts. Small 
 crown 8vo, 2.s. 6d. 
 
 WALTERS, Sophia Lydia.—K Dreamer's Sketch Book. With 21 
 Illustrations by Percival Skelton, R. P. Leitch, W. H. J. Boot, and 
 T. R. Pritchett. Engraved by J. D. Cooper. Fcap. 4to, I2J. 6d. 
 
 Wandering Kchoes.— By J. E. D. G. In Four Parts. Small crown 
 8vo, 5j. 
 
 WA TTS, Alaric Alfred and Anna Mary LTozinit.—KviXOTa.. A Medley 
 of Verse. Fcap. 8vo, bevelled boards, 5^-. 
 
 WEBSTER, Augusta.— In a Day : a Drama. Small crown 8vo, 2s, 6d. 
 
 Disguises : a Drama. Small crown 8vo, 5^". 
 "Wet Days. By a Farmer. Small crown 8vo, 6^. 
 
 WILLLAMS, y.— A Story of Three Years, and other Poems. Small 
 crown 8vo, 3^. 6d. 
 
 Wordsworth Birthday Book, The. Edited by Adelaide and 
 Violet Wordsv\^orth. 32mo, limp cloth, is. 6d. ; cloth extra, 2s. 
 
 YOUNGMANf Thomas G^orge.-^'Poems, Sm^ll crown 8vo, ^j. 
 
42 A List of 
 
 YOUNGS, Ella Sharjie.—'Pa.^laMa, and other Poems. Small cro\vn 8vo, 
 
 A Heart's Life, Sarpedon, and other Poems. Small crown 
 8vo, 3^. 6d. 
 
 WORKS OF FICTION IN ONE VOLUME. 
 
 BANKS, Mrs. G. Z.— God's Providence House. New Edition. 
 Crown 8vo, 35'. 6d. 
 
 HUNTER, J/ay.— The Grime of Christmas Day. A Tale of the 
 Latin Quarter. By the Author of '*My Ducats and my 
 Daughter." is. 
 
 HUNTER, Hay, and WHYTE, Walter.— M.^ Ducats and My 
 Daughter. New and Cheaper Edition. "With Frontispiece. 
 Crown Svo, 6s. 
 
 INGELOW, Jcan.—O^ the Skelligs : a Novel. With Frontispiece. 
 Second Edition. Crown Svo, ds. 
 
 KIELLAND, Alexander.— GsLTman and "Worse. A Norwegian 
 Novel. Authorized Translation, by W. W. Kettlewell. Crown 
 Svo, 6s. 
 
 MACDONALD, (7.— Donal Grant. A Novel. New and Cheaper 
 Edition. With Frontispiece. Crown Svo, 6s. 
 
 Castle Warlock. A Novel. New and Cheaper Edition. Crown 
 Svo, 6s, 
 
 Malcolm. With Portrait of the Author engraved on Steel. Sixth 
 Edition. Crown Svo, 6s, 
 
 The Marquis of Lossie. Fifth Edition. With Frontispiece. 
 Crown Svo, 6s. 
 
 St. George and St. Michael. Fourth Edition. With Frontis- 
 piece. Crown Svo, 6s. 
 
 PALGRA VE, W. Giford.—HevmSLnn Agha ; an Eastern Narrative. 
 Third Edition. Crown Svo, 6s. 
 
 SHA W, Flora Z.— Castle Blair ; a Story of Youthful Days. New and 
 Cheaper Edition. Crown Svo, 31. 6d. 
 
 STRETTON, Z^w^a.— Through a Needle's Eye : a Story. New 
 and Cheaper Edition, with Frontispiece. Crown Svo, 6s, 
 
 TAYLOR, Col. Meadcrws, C.S.L, Af.R./.A.-Seeta.: a Novel. New 
 and Cheaper Edition, With Frontispiece. Crown Svo, 6s. 
 
 Tippoo Sultaun : a Tale of the Mysore War. New Edition, with 
 Frontispiece. Crown Svo, 6s. 
 
 Ralph Darnell. New and Cheaper Edition. With Frontispiece. 
 Crown Svo, 6s, 
 
Kegan Pmil, Trench & Co.^s Publications. 43 
 
 TAYLOR, Col. Meadows^ C.S.I., 31. R.I. A. —continued, 
 
 A Noble Queen. New and Cheaper Edition. With Frontis- 
 piece. Crown 8vo, 6^-. 
 
 The Confessions of a Thug. Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 Tara : a Mahratta Tale. Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 Within Sound of the Sea. New and Cheaper Edition, with Frontis- 
 piece. Crown 8vo, 6s. 
 
 BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG. 
 
 Brave Men's Footsteps. A Book of Example and Anecdote for 
 Young People. By the Editor of "Men who have Risen." With 
 4 Illustrations by C. Doyle. Eighth Edition. Crown 8vo, 3j. 6(f. 
 
 COXHEAD, Ei/ie/.— Birds and Babies. Imp. i6mo. With 33 
 Illustrations. Cloth gilt, 2s. td. 
 
 DAVIES, G. Christopher. — Rambles and Adventures of our 
 School Field Club. With 4 Illustrations. New and Cheaper 
 Edition. Crown 8vo, 3J. 6d. 
 
 EDMONDS, Herbert.— "Well Spent Lives ". a Series of Modern Bio- 
 graphies. New and Cheaper Edition. Crown 8vo, 3^. 6d. 
 
 EVANS, MarL—The Story of our Father's Love, told to Children. 
 Sixth and Cheaper Edition of Theology for Children. With 4 
 Illustrations. Fcap. 8vo, is. 6d. 
 
 JOHNSON, Virginia fT.— The Catskill Fairies. Illustrated by 
 Alfred Fredericks. 5^-. 
 
 MAC KENNA, S. 7.— Plucky Fellows. A Book for Boys. With 
 6 Illustrations. Fifth Edition. Crown 8vo, 3^. 6d. 
 
 REANEY, Mrs. G. ^.—'Waking and ^Working ", or, From Girlhood 
 to Womanhood. New and Cheaper Edition. With a Frontis- 
 piece. Crown 8vo, 3^. 6d. 
 
 Blessing and Blessed : a Sketch of Girl Life. New and 
 Cheaper Edition. Crown 8vo, 3^. 6d. 
 
 Rose Gurney's Discovery. A Book for Girls. Dedicated to 
 their Mothers. Crown 8vo, 3J. 6d. 
 
 English Girls : Their Place and Power. With Preface by the 
 Rev. R. W. Dale. Fourth Edition. Fcap. 8vo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 Just Anyone, and other Stories. Three Illustrations. Royal 
 i6mo, IS. 6d. 
 
 Sunbeam Willie, and other Stories. Three Illustrations. Royal 
 i6mo, IS. 6d, 
 
 Sunshine Jenny, and other Stories, Three Illustrations, Royal 
 i6mo, IS. 6d, 
 
44 -^ List of Kegan Paul^ Trench & Go's Publications, 
 
 STOCKTON, Frank i?.— A Jolly Fellowship. With 20 lUustra- 
 tions. Crown 8vo, 5j. 
 
 STORE, Francis, and TURNER, ^awj.— Canterbury Chimes; 
 or, Chaucer Tales re-told to Children. With 6 Illustrations from 
 the Ellesmere Manuscript. Third Edition. Fcap. 8vo, 3^. 6^. 
 
 STRETTONy I/esda.-^T>arvid Lloyd's Last Will. With 4 lUustra- 
 tions. New Edition. Royal i6mo, 2s. 6d. 
 
 Tales from Ariosto Re-told for Children. By a Lady. With 3 
 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 4^. 6d. 
 
 WHI TAKER, Florena.—ChxislYs Inheritance. A London Story. 
 Illustrated. Royal i6mo, is. 6d, 
 
 / 
 
 Printed by william clowes and sons, limited, London and bkccles. 
 
RETURN 
 TO— *► 
 
 CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT 
 
 202 Main Librory 
 
 LOAN PERIOD 1 
 HOME USE 
 
 2 : 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 ( 
 
 5 
 
 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS 
 
 1 -month loans may be renewed by calling 642-3405 
 
 6-month loans may be recharged by bringing books to Circulation 
 
 Desk 
 
 Renewals and recharges may be made 4 days prior to due dote 
 
 DUE AS STAMPED BELOW 
 
 s^f\R 2 t 19'^^ 
 
 
 
 lETD JAN 2 2 r 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 
 FORM NO. DD6, 40m, 3/78 BERKELEY, CA 94720 
 
 (?)s 
 
m 44500 
 
 248879