ERKEL 
 
 EART 
 SCiE 
 I LIBR/ 
 
 CAUFORNIA 
 
 EESE LIBRARY 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 
 
 Received '_ _ 
 Accessions No._^^. 
 
 Shelf No. 
 
THIRD APPENDIX 
 
 TO THE 
 
 FIFTH EDITION 
 
 OF 
 
 DANA'S MINEKALOGY, 
 
 BY 
 
 EDWARD S. DANA, 
 
 CURATOR OF MINERALOGY, TALE COLLEGE. 
 
 COMPLETING THE WORK TO 1882. 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 JOHN WILEY & SONS, 
 
 15 ASTOR PLACE. 
 
 1882. 
 
COPYRIGHT, 
 
 1882, 
 BY E. S. DANA. 
 
 o 
 .-o 
 
 EARTH 
 
 SCIENCES 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
PREFATORY NOTE. 
 
 THIS Third Appendix to the fifth edition of the System of Mineralogy is designed to 
 make the work complete up to January, 1882. Its publication has been unavoidably 
 delayed long after the date originally set for its completion. The fact that seven years 
 have elapsed since the issue of the Second Appendix (March, 1875), will be a sufficient ex- 
 planation of the perhaps inconvenient length to which it extends. 
 
 This Appendix contains : (1), full descriptions of all species announced asnew since the 
 publication of Appendix II. ; and (2), references to all important mineralogical articles 
 which have been Jjublished during the same period, with citations from them of many new 
 analyses and new facts as to physical characters and localities. Under each species the 
 entries are, for the most part, arranged under two heads : that of Crystallization (Cryst.), 
 for the articles which treat of the crystalline form ; and that of Analyses (Anal.), for those 
 containing chemical analyses, with or without other matter. 
 
 The number of "new species" is very large, aggregating fully three hundred (300). 
 Unfortunately the original descriptions of a large part of them are very incomplete, and in 
 too many cases the names are contributions only to the nomenclature of the Science. If 
 two very simple rules could be conscientiously followed by those investigating supposed 
 new species, the Science of Mineralogy would bo vastly benefited. These are : first, that the 
 material analyzed should in every case be proved by a careful microscopic and chemical 
 examination to be homogeneous; and, second, that the thorough investigation which is to 
 establish the position of a " new species " should precede, not follow, the giving of a new 
 name. A mineral which can be? only partially described docs not deserve a name. 
 
 In the classified list of new names on p. xi., those which seem to have a fair claim to 
 recognition (including the names of some well-characterized varieties) are placed first. 
 Following these in each division, are given in a paragraph the names, (1), of ordinary 
 varieties having no especially distinctive character ; (2), of imperfectly described or doubt- 
 ful species, for which further study is much to be desired ; and (3), of those so-called 
 species which are obviously bad. The names of all species, new and old, are arranged 
 in the body of the work in alphabetical order; the former are printed in black-faced type. 
 References are given both to the System and also to Appendixes I. and II. ; Appendix III. 
 is, consequently, an index for the earlier Appendixes. 
 
 The Bibliography includes a list of mineralogical works published since January, 1875. 
 To this is added a 'list of new journals devoted wholly, or in part, to mineralogical sub- 
 jects, and also a list of memoirs upon a single subject of more than ordinary importance. 
 For the explanation of Abbreviations, see the System, pp. xxxv.-xlv., and also this 
 Introduction, p. viii. The thanks of the writer are due to Professor George J. Brush for 
 his kindness in reading a set of the proofs as the work was going through the press. 
 i 
 
 NEW HAVEN, April 1st, 1882, 
 
((UNIVERSITY 
 ; 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 I.-CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND PHYSICAL MINERALOGY. 
 
 GROTH, P. Physikalische Krystallographie und Einleitung in die krystallographische 
 Kenntniss der wichtigeren Substanzen, 523 pp. 8vo, Leipzig, 1876. 
 
 GURNEY, H. P. Crystallography, 128 pp. I2mo, London, 1878. 
 
 KENNGOTT. 120 Krystallformennetze zum Anfertigen von Krystallmodellen, 8vo, 
 Prague, 1876 and 1878. 
 
 KLEIN, C. Einleitung in die Krystallberechnung, 393 pp. 8vo, Stuttgart, 1875. 
 
 KNOP, A. System der Anorganographie, als Grundlage filr Vortrage an Hochschulen, 
 296 pp. 8vo, Leipzig, 1876. 
 
 MILNE. Notes on Crystallography and Crystallophysics, 70 pp. 8vo, London, 1879. 
 
 LIEBISCH. Geornetrische Krystallographie, 464 pp. 8vo, Leipzig, 1881. 
 
 MALLARD. Traite de Cristallographie geometrique et physique, vol. i., Paris, 1879. 
 
 RAMMELSBERG, 0. F. Handbuch der krystallographisch-physikalischen Chemie. Ab- 
 theilung 1: Elemente und anorganische Yerbindungen, 615 pp. 8vo, Leipzig, 1881. 
 
 REUSCH, E. Die stereographische Projection, 32 pp. large 8vo, Leipzig, 1881. 
 
 SADEBECK, A. Angewandte Krystallographie (Ausbildung der Krystalle, Zwillings- 
 bildurig, Krystallotektonik) nebst einem Anhang ilber Zonenlehre, 284 pp. 8vo, 
 Berlin, 1876. 
 SELLA. Primi elementi di cristallografia, 2a ediz., 78 pp. 16mo, Torino, 1878. 
 
 SOHNCKE, L. Die unbegrenzten regelmassigen Punktsysteme, als Grundlage einer 
 Theorie der Krystallstructur, 83 pp. 8vo, Karlsruhe (Verh. Nat. Ver. Karlsruhe, vii.). 
 
 Entwickelung einer Theorie der Krystallstructur, 247 pp. 8vo, Leipzig, 1879. 
 
 ZEPHAROVICH,Y. VON. Krystallographische Wandtafeln fur Yortrage iiber Mineralogie. 
 folio, Prague, 1877. 
 
 II. DETERMINATIVE MINERALOGY. 
 
 BRUSH, G. J. Manual of Determinative Mineralogy, with an Introduction on Blowpipe 
 Analysis, 3d edition, 104 pp. 8vo, New York, 1878. 
 
 FOEYE, J. C. Tables for the Determination, Description, and Classification of Minerals, 
 1st edition, 1875 ; 2d edition, 1882 ; 85 pp. 8vo, Chicago. 
 
 FUCHS, C. W. C. Anleitung zum Bestimmen der Mineralien, 2te Auflage, 144 pp. 8vo, 
 Giessen, 1875. 
 
 HIRSCHWALD, J. Lothrohr-Tabellen ; ein Leitfaden zur chemischen Untersuchung auf 
 trockenem Wege, ftir Chemiker, Hilttenleute, und Mineralogen, 8vo, Leipzig, 1875. 
 
 KOBELL, F. v. Tafeln zur Bestimmung der Mineralien mittelst einfacher chemischer 
 Versuche auf trockenem und nassem Wege, lite Auflage, 110 pp. 8vo, Munich, 1878. 
 
 LANDAUER, J. Die Lothrohranalyse, Anleitung zu qualitativen chemischen Unter- 
 suchungen auf trockenem Wege, 158 pp. 1876, 2te Auflage, 176 pp., 1881, Braunschweig. 
 Blowpipe Analysis ; English edition, by James Taylor and William E. Kay, 
 161 pp. 12mo, London, 1879. 
 
 LAUBE, G. C. Hilf stafeln zur Bestimmung der Mineralien ; zum Gebrauch fur Anfanger 
 in mineralogischen Uebungsstunden, 2te Auflage, Prag, 1879. 
 
 LEYPOLD, F. Mineralogische Tafeln ; Anleitung zur Bestimmung der Mineralien; 128 
 pp. 8vo, Stuttgart, 1878. 
 
 RICHTER, T. Plattner's Probirkunst mit dem Lothrohre, oder vollstandige Anleitung zu 
 
yi BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 qualitativen und quantitativen Lothrohr-Untersuchungen, 5te Auflage, 665 pp. 8vo, Leip- 
 zig, 1877-78. 
 
 SzAfi6, J. Ueber eine neue Methode die Feldspathe auch in Gesteinen zu bestimmen, 80 
 pp. 8vo, Budapest, 1876. 
 
 WEISBACH, A. Tabellen zur Bestimmung der Mineralien nach ausseren Kennzeichen, 
 2te Auflage, 8vo, Leipzig, 1878. 
 
 WIIK, F. J. Mineral Karakteristik, en Handledning vid bestammandet af Mineralier 
 och Bergarter, 217 pp. small 8vo, Helsingfors, 1881. 
 
 III. A. DESCRIPTIVE MINERALOGY GENERAL WORKS. 
 
 BAUERMANN, H. Text-Book of Systematic Mineralogy, vol. i. (Crystallography, etc.), 
 367 pp. 12mo, London, 1881. 
 
 BOMBICCI. Corso di Mineralogia, Seconda Edizione, vol. i., 564 pp., 1873 ; vol. ii. (in 
 two parts), 1031 pp., 1875, Bologna. 
 
 Mineralogia generale. 174 pp., Milan, 1880. 
 
 COLLINS, J. H. Mineralogy, vol. i., the general principles of Mineralogy, 206 pp. 12mo, 
 London and New York, 1878. 
 
 DANA, E. S. A Text-Book of Mineralogy with an extended Treatise on Crystallography 
 and Physical Mineralogy, on the plan and with the co-operation of Professor James D. 
 Dana, 486 pp. 8vo, New York, 1877. 
 
 DANA, JAMES D. Manual of Mineralogy and Lithology, containing the elements of the 
 Science of Minerals and Rocks for the use of the practical Mineralogist and Geologist and 
 for instruction in Schools and Colleges, 3d edition, 474 pp. 12mo, New York, 1878. 
 
 DELAFOSSE. Mineralogie, nouvelle edition, 251 pp. 8vo, Paris, 1876. 
 
 DOMEYKO, I. Quinto Apendice al Tratado de Mineralojia i al reino mineral de Chile i 
 de las republicas vecinas, 79pp. 8vo, Santiago, 1876 ; Sexto Apendice, 45 pp., 1878. 
 
 Mineralojia, tercera edicionquecomprende principalmente las espeeiesmineralojicas 
 de Chile, Bolivia, Peru i Provicias Arjentinas, 762 pp., 8vo, Santiago, 1879 ; Primer 
 Apendice, 1881. 
 
 GROTH, P. Die Mineralien-Sammlung der Kaiser- Wilhelms-TJniversitat, Strassburg ; 
 ein Supplement zu den vorhandenen mineral ogischen Handbiichern, 271 pp. 4to. Strass- 
 burg, 1878. 
 
 Tabellarische Uebersicht der Mineralien nach ihren krystallographisch-chemischen 
 Beziehungen geordnet, zweite vollstandig neu bearbeitete Auflage, 134 pp. 4to, Braun- 
 schweig, 1882. 
 
 HELMHACKER. Die Mineralogie und Geognosie fur Bergarbeiter an Steigerschulen, 144 
 pp. 8vo, Vienna, 1876. 
 
 HERD. Lehrbuch der Mineralogie, 307 pp. 8vo, St. Petersburg, 1877. 
 
 HOCHSTETTER u. BiscHiNG. Leitfaden der Mineralogie u. Geologie fur die oberen Klas- 
 sen an Mittelschulen, 172 pp. 8vo, Vienna, 1876. 
 
 HORNSTEIN. Kleines Lehrbuch der Mineralogie, 2te Auflage, 320 pp. 8vo, Cassel, 
 1875. 
 
 JANNETTAZ. Elements de Mineralogie, nouvelle edition, 64 pp. 16mo, Paris, 1880. 
 
 KENNGOTT, A. Lehrbuch der Mineralogie zum Gebrauche beim Uhterricht an Schulen 
 und holieren Lehranstalten, 3te Auflage, 2il pp. 8vo, 1875 ; 4te Auflage, 1876 ; 5te Auflage, 
 1880 ; Darmstadt. 
 
 KOBELL, F. v. Die Mineralogie, leichtfasslich dargestellt mit Riicksicht auf dasVor- 
 kommen der Mineralien, etc., 5te Auflage, 274pp. 8vo, Leipzig, 1878. 
 
 KOKSCHAROF, N. VON. Materialien zur Mineralogie Russlands, vol. vi., pp. 209-407; vii., 
 pp. 1-176, 1875; vii., pp. 177-384; viii., 1-32, 1878; vol. viii., pp. 33-320, 1881, St. 
 Petersburg. 
 
 LEYMERIE. Elements de Mineralogie et de Lithologie, ouvrage complementaire des 
 elements de Geologie, 3e edition, 283, pp. 12mo, 1878 ; 4e edition, 279 pp., 1879, Paris. 
 
 MALLARD. Cours de Mineralogie, Ecole des Mines, 1877-78, Paris, 1878. 
 
 NAUMANN-ZIRKEL. Elemente der Mineralogie von C. F. Naumann, zehnte Auflage von 
 F. Zirkel, 714 pp. 8vo, 1877 ; elfte Auflage von Zirkel, 735 pp. 8vo, Leipzig, 1881. 
 
 PISANI. Traite ele"mentaire de Mineralogie, 415 pp. 8vo, Paris, 1875. 
 
 QUENSTEDT. Handbuch der Mineralogie, 3te Auflage, 481-997 pp. 8vo, Tubingen, 1877. 
 
 RA^MELSBERG, C. F. Handbuch der Mineralchemie, zweite Auflage, I., 136 pp., 1875: 
 II., 744pp., 1875. 
 
 ROTH, J. Allgemeine und chemische Geologie, vol. i. , Berlin, 1879. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. yi| 
 
 RUDORFF. Grundriss der MiDeralogie fur den Unterricht an ho'heren Lehranstalten, 95 
 pp. 8vo, Berlin, 1875 and 1876. 
 
 SCHRAUF. Atlas der Krystall-formen des Mineralreiches, 4, 5 Lieferungen, Vienna. 
 
 SELLE, A. DE. Cours de Mineralogie et de Geologic, 589 pp. 8vo, Paris, 1878. 
 
 SENFT, F. Synopsis der Mineralogie und Geognosie ; Ite Abtheilung, Mineralogie, 931 
 pp. 8vo, Hannover, 1875. 
 
 SJOGREN, A. Larobok i Mineralogi for elementarlaroverk och tekniska Skolor, 3e uppl. 
 bearbetad af H. Sjogren, 218 pp. 8vo, Stockholm, 1881. 
 
 STELZNER u. PROLSS. Atlas der Mineralogie, 4 Tafeln nebst erlaut. Texte, 40 pp. 4to, 
 Leipzig, 1875. 
 
 TSCHERMAK, G. Lchrbuch der Mineralogie, erste Lieferung, 192 pp. 8vo, Vienna, 1881. 
 
 WEISBACH, A. Synopsis Mineralogica, systeinatische Uebersicht des Mineralreiches, 78 
 pp. 8vo, Freiberg, 1875. 
 
 ZANGERLE, M. Lehrbuch der Mineralogie, unter Zugrundelegung der neueren Ansich- 
 ten in der Chemie, 2te Auflage, 166 pp. 8vo, Braunschweig, 1880. 
 
 HARTOGH HEIJS v. ZOUTEREEN. Handbook d. Mineralogie, 1881. 
 
 III. B. DESCRIPTIVE MINERALOGY WORKS ON SPECIAL SUBJECTS, PUBLISHED 
 
 SEPARATELY. 
 
 BLUM, J. R. Die Pseudomorphosen des Mineralreichs, 4ter Nachtrag, 212 pp. 8vo> 
 Heidelberg, 1879. 
 
 BORICKY, E. Elemente einer neuen chemisch-mikroskopischen Mineral- und Gesteins- 
 analyse, 72 pp. 4to, Prag, 1877. 
 
 BRACKEBUSCH, D. Luis. L:is Especies Mincrales de la Republica Argentina, 120pp., 
 Buenos Aires, 1879. (Anal. Soc. Cientif. Argentina.) 
 
 COHEN, E. Sammlung von MikrophotographieenzurVeranschaulichung der mikroskop- 
 ishen Structur von Mineralien und Gesteinen, aufgenommen von J. Grimm Offenburg, 
 1, 2, 3, 4 Lfg., Stuttgart, 1881-82. 
 
 DOELTER. Die Bestimmung der petrographiscli wichtigeren Mineralien durch das Mikro- 
 skop ; Eine Anieitung zur mikroskop. Gesteins-Analyse, 36 pp. 8vo, Vienna, 1876. 
 
 ENDLICH, F. M. Catalogue of Minerals found in Colorado ; Washington, 1878 (Annual 
 Reoort of Gcol. Survey for 1876, pp. 135-159). 
 
 ENGSTROM, N. Undersokning af nagra mineral, som inneh&lla sallsynta jordarter. 
 Inaug. Dis., Upsala, 1877. 
 
 FISCHER, HEINRICH. Nephrit und Jadeit nach ihren mineralogischen Eigenschaften, so 
 wie nach ihrer urgeschichtlichen und ethnographischen Bedeutung, 411 pp. 8vo, Stuttgart, 
 1875; 2te Auflage, 1880. 
 
 FOUQUE, F. and MICHEL-LEVY, A. Mineralogie micrographique, roches eruptives Fran- 
 caises, 509 pp. 4to, Paris, 1879. 
 
 FUGGER. Die Mineralien des Herzogth. Salzburg, 124 pp. 8vo, Salzburg, 1878. 
 
 GEINITZ, FRANZ EUGEN. Studien iiber Mineral-Pseudomorphosen (Iriaug. Dissert.) 56 
 pp. 8vo, Stuttgart, 1876. 
 
 GENTH, F. A. Second Preliminary Report on the Mineralogy of Pennsylvania, 31 pp. , 
 Harrisburg, 1876. 
 
 GENTH, F. A. and KERR, W. C. Minerals and Mineral Localities of North Carolina, 
 122 pp., Raleigh, 1881 (Geol. N. Carolina, 1881). 
 
 GOLDSCHMIDT, v. Ueber die Verwendbarkeit einer Kaliumquecksilberjodidlosung bei 
 mineralogischen und petrographischen Untersuchungen. Inaug. Diss. Stuttgart, 18sO. 
 
 GONNARD, F. Mineralogie du Departement du Puy-de-Dome, 192 pp. 8vo, Paris and 
 Lyons, 1876. Memoires sur les Zealithes de 1'Auvergne, 96 pp., Paris, 1875. 
 
 HARE, R. B. Die Serpentinmasse von Reichenstein und die darm vorkommenden 
 Mineralien. Inaug. Diss. Breslau, 1879. 
 
 How, H. Mineralogy of Nova Scotia, 215 pp., London, 1875. 
 
 JOHNSTRUP, F. Giesecke's Mineralogiske Reise i Gronland, 372 pp. 8vo, Copenhagen, 
 1878. 
 
 LEONHARD, G. Die Mineralien Badens nach ihrem Vorkommen, 65 pp., Stuttgart, 1876. 
 
 MOUCHKETOFF. Les richcsses Minerales du Turkestan Russe, 34 pp. 4to, Paris. 
 
 RAIMONDI. Mineraux du Perou : Catalogue raisonne d'une collection des principaux types 
 mineraux de la Republique. Traduit de 1'Espagnol par J.-B. H. Martinet, 336 pp. 8vo, 
 Paris, 1878. 
 
yiil BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 SCHMIDT, A. Die Blei- und Zinkerzlagerstatten von Stidwest Missouri, Heidelberg, 1876. 
 Die Zinkerzlagerstatten von Wiesloch, Baden, 122 pp., Heidelberg, 1881. 
 
 SINGER, S. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der am Bauersberge bei Bischofsheim vor der Rhon 
 vorkommenden Sulfate. Inaug. Diss. Wiirzburg, 187s). 
 
 SMITH, J. ALDEN. Catalogue of the Minerals of Colorada, Denver, 1880 (Rep. of State 
 Geologist of Dec. 31, 1880, pp. 45-74). ' 
 
 SPIESS, G. Zur Geschichte der Pseudomorphosen des Mineralreichs, 1878 (Leopoldina.) 
 
 THOULET. Contributions a 1'etude des proprietes physiques et chemiques des mineraux 
 microscopiques, 77 pp. 8vo, Paris. 
 
 WENCKENBACH, R. Uebersicht tiber die in Nassau aufgefundenen einfachen Mineralien, 
 Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Nat., pp. 149-219, 1878-79. 
 
 ZIRKEL, F. Die Einfiihrung des Mikroskops in das mineralogisch-geologische Studiuir 
 4to, Leipzig, 1881 
 
 IV. NEW JOURNALS. 
 
 American Chemical Journal (Am. Ch. Journ.}, edited with the aid of chemists at home 
 and abroad, by Ira Remsen, Baltimore. Commenced in 1879, published in yearly volumes of 
 6 numbers. 
 
 R. Comitato Geologico d' Italia; Bolletino (Boll. Com. Greol.}. Commenced in 1869, pub- 
 lished in yearly volumes of 12 numbers. 
 
 Bulletin de la Societe Mineralogique de France (Bull. Soc. Min.}. Commenced in 1878, 
 published in yearly volumes of 8 or 9 numbers. 
 
 Geologiska Foreningens i Stockholm Forhandlingar ( G-eol. For. Forli}. Commenced in 
 1872. Vol. i. (Nos. 1 to 14), 1872-73; ii. (Nos. 15 to 28), 1874-75; iii. (Nos. 29 to 42), 1876- 
 77; iv. (Nos. 43 to 56), 1878-79 ; v. (Nos. 57 to 70), 1880-81. 
 
 The Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Gt. Britain 
 and Ireland (Min. Mag.}. Commenced April, 1876. Vol. i. (Nos. 1 and 2, 1876, 3-7 incl., 
 1877); ii. (Nos. 8, 9, 10, 1878; 11, 12, 12*, 1879); iii. (Nos. 13, 14, 15, 1879; 16, 17, 1880); 
 iv. (Nos. 18, 19, 1880; 20, 1881). 
 
 Mineralogische Mittheilungen gesammelt von G. Tschermak (Min. Mittli.}. Commenced 
 1871. Since 1878 published in separate form of smaller size as 
 
 Mineralogische und Petrographische Mittheilungen (Min. Petr. MittJi.}, in yearly volumes 
 of 6 numbers. Vol. i., 1878; ii., 1879; iii, 1880; iv., 1881. 
 
 Zeitschrift filr Krystallographie und Mineralogie, unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher Fach- 
 genossen des In- und Auslandes, herausgegeben von P. Groth (Z. Kryst.}. Commenced in 
 1877, published in yearly volumes of 9 numbers. Numbers 1 and 2 of each volume are 
 generally published in the closing part of the preceding year. . 
 
 Annalen der Physik und Chemie : long known as Poggendorff's Annalen (Pogg. Ann.} ; 
 since 1877 published by G. Wiedemann, and hence called Wiedemann's Annalen ( Wied. 
 Ann.}. Three volumes annually; vols. i., ii., 1877; iii., iv., v., 1878, etc. 
 
 Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaeontologie, etc. (</. Min.}. Since 1880 
 (strictlv Oct., 1879), edited by E. W. Benecke, C. Klein, and H. Rosenbusch; and pub- 
 lished m two volumes yearly. Vol. 1880, i., ii. ; 1881, i., ii. Also Beilage-Band i., Heft 
 I., 1880, II., 1881, III., 1882. In the regular volumes the original memoirs and the 
 abstracts of papers (Refer ate, ref.) are separately paged. An Index to the Jahrbuch for 
 1870-79 was issued in 1880. 
 
 V. MEMOIRS ON THE "OPTICAL ANOMALIES" OF SOME CRYSTALLIZED 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 The question as to the true explanation of the "optical anomalies " presented by many 
 crystallized minerals has been widely discussed in the past few years. That the crystals of 
 many species exhibit in polarized light optical phenomena, not in harmony with their 
 apparent geometrical form, has long been recognized ; and the explanations which have 
 been offered in earlier years are well understood : that is, the theory of lamellar polarization 
 of Biot, of internal tension of ReuscJi, of disturbed molecular structure of Marbach, and 
 so on. The recent discussion of this subject has taken a wide range, and many new 
 facts have been recorded. Attention has been especially directed to it by the classical 
 memoir of Mallard, the importance of which cannot be overestimated, even if his conclu- 
 sions are not always accepted (for title see below). According to Mallard's view, as far as 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. ]X 
 
 it can be explained in a word, these optical anomalies are explained on the assumption that 
 the crystal exhibiting them is in fact made up of separate individuals regularly grouped, which 
 are of a lower grade of symmetry than that which the complete form simulates. Thus, an 
 apparent isometric cube may be made up of 6 square pyramids, each optically uniaxial, 
 placed with their vertices at the centre of the solid, and their bases lorming its sides. 
 Similarly an apparent isometric octahedron may be made up of eight anisotrppic triangular 
 pyramids grouped in an analogous manner; and so on. Mallard thus includes under 
 pseudo-isometric species: alum, analcite, boracite, fluorite, garnet, and senarmontite; 
 among the pseudo-tetragonal species: cpophylite, brookite, mellite, octahedrite, rutile, 
 vesuvianite, zircon ; among pseudo-hexagonal species : apatite, beryl, corundum, penninite, 
 ripidolite, tourmaline \pseudo-orthorhombic species: harmotome, topaz \pseudo-monoclinic, 
 orthoclase (microcline). Many additional facts to which the hypothesis of Mallard is appli- 
 cable have been published by Bertrand (see below, and under the various species in the 
 body of this work), who has also devised an arrangement of the microscope by means of 
 which, with a high magnifying power, optical investigations rray be made in many cases 
 where it was before impossible. Grattarola includes calcite, quartz, nephelite, barite, etc. 
 in the list of species which have an apparent symmetry higher than that which really 
 belongs to them ; his conclusions, however, are not based upon observations. 
 
 In many other cases observers have, on the basis of variation in angles, or of optical char- 
 acters, reached the conclusion that the species in question really belongs to a system of 
 lower symmetry than that to which it has been ordinarily referred. These cases are 
 recorded in Appendixes II. and III. These last named observations, however, do not in 
 most cases admit of being explained on the hypothesis of Mallard. In many of them the 
 conclusions reached are beyond doubt correct, in others the question must be regarded as 
 still undecided. 
 
 Tschermak proposes the term mimetic for those forms (" mimetische Formen "), which 
 imitate a higher grade of symmetry by the grouping (twinning) of individuals of a lower 
 grade of symmetry, as for example, aragonite. 
 
 Mallard's hypothesis has been opposed by various investigators on the ground that it does 
 not explain many observed facts and is decidedly at variance with others. The observa- 
 tions of Klocke, Jannettaz, Klein, Ben Saudc, are especially to be mentioned. A few of 
 the facts bearing upon the question are given under boracite (p. 17) and analcite (p. 5). 
 Klocke shows that the same crystal of alum may contain truly isotropic (normal) and aniso- 
 tropic (abnormal) portions ; also that the so-called distortion of the crystals and their posi- 
 tion during their formation influences the optical phenomena observed. He shows, also, 
 that preparations of gelatine, hardened under tension, show all the optical phenomena of 
 the crystals under discussion. This subject cannot be elaborated here ; it is enough to say 
 that the observations of the mineralogists mentioned, as also of others, seem to confirm 
 the view of Reusch, that at least in many cases (e. g. analcite, garnet, vesuvianite, etc.) the 
 "optical anomalies " are to be explained as due to the state of molecular tension existing 
 within the crystal. The investigation of this subject cannot, however, be regarded as 
 entirely completed. A good general review of this subject is given by Zirkel in the llth 
 edition of Naumann's Mineralogy, pp. 152 et seq., also p. 722, 1881. The following are 
 titles of important papers bearing upon this subject. 
 
 ARZRUNI u. KOCH, S. Ueber den Analcim, Z. Kryst. v., 488, 1881. 
 
 BAUMHAUER. Ueber den Perowskit, Z. Kryst., iv , 187, 1879. 
 
 BECKE. Uber die Zwillingsbildung und die optischen Eigenschaften des Chabasit, 
 Min. Petr. Mitth., ii., 391, 1879. 
 
 BEN SAUDE. Ueber den Analcim, J. Min., 1882. i., 41. 
 
 BERTRAND. Sur les differences entre les proprietes optiques des corps cristallis ees bire- 
 fringents, et celles quo peuvent presenter les corps monorefringents apres qu'ils ont ete 
 modifies par des retraits, compressions, dilatations, ou toute autre cause. Bull. Soc. 
 Min., v., 3, 1882. 
 
 See also numerous earlier papers in Bull. Soc. Min., i., 22, 96, 1878; iii., 58, 93, 159. 
 171, 1880; iv., 8, 31, 01, 87, 237, 255, 1881. 
 
 BIOT. Recherches sur la polarisation lamellaire, etc., C. R., xii., 967; xiii., 155, 
 
 BUCKING. Ueber durch Druck hervorgerufene optische Anomalien, ZS. G. Ges., xxxii., 
 1J9. 1880. 
 
 GRATTAROLA, G. Dell' Unita cristallonomica in Mineralogia. Florence, 1877 (Rivista 
 Scientifico-industriale). 
 
 HIRSCHWALD. Zur Kritik des Leucitsystems, Min. Mitth., 1875, 227. 
 
 JANNETTAZ. Sur les colorations du diamant dans la lumiere polarisee, Bull. Soc. Min. 
 n., 124, 1879; Note sur les phenomenes optiques de 1'alun comprime, ib., p. 191; iii., 20. 
 
X BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 KLEIN. Ueber den Boracit, J. Min., 1880, ii., 209; 1881, i., 239. 
 
 KLOCKB. Ueber Doppelbrechung regularer Krystalle, J. Min., 1880, i., 53 (see also ii , 
 97, 13 ref. ; 1881, i., 204, and Verb. nat. Ges. Freiburg, viii., 31). 
 
 Ueber einige optische Eigenschaften optisch anomaler Krystalle und deren Naehahmung 
 durch gespannte und gepresste Colloide, J. Min., 1881, ii., 249. 
 
 MALLARD. Explication des Phenomenes optiques anomaux que presentent un grand 
 nombre de substances cristallisees, Annales des Mines (Ann. Min.), VII., x., pp. 60-196, 
 1876 (Abstract in Z. Kryst., i., 309-320). See also Bull. Soc. Min., i., 107, 1878. 
 
 Sur les proprietes optiques des melanges de substances isomorphes et sur les 
 
 anomalies optiques des cristaux, Bull. Soc. Min., iii., 3, 1880. 
 
 MARBACH. Ueber die optischen Eigenschaften einiger Krystalle des tesseralen Systems, 
 Pogg. Ann., xciv., 412, 1855. 
 
 PFAFF. Versuche liber den Einfluss des Drucks auf die optischen Eigenschaften Krys- 
 talle, Pogg. Ann., cvii., 333; cviii., 578, 1859. 
 
 REUSCH, v. Ueber die sogenannte Lamellarpolarization des Alauns, Pogg. Ann., cxxxii., 
 618, 1867. 
 
 RUMPF. Ueber den Krystallbau des Apophyllits, Min. Petr. Mitth., ii., 369, 1879. 
 
 TSCHERMAK. " Mimetische Formen," ZS. G. Ges., xxxi., 637, 1879, and Lehrb. Min., 
 p. 89 et seq., 1881. 
 
CLASSIFIED LIST OF NEW NAMES. 
 
 Sulphides, Arsenides, TeUurides, etc., Min., pp. 26-84. 
 
 Coloradoite . 
 Daubreelite . 
 
 34 
 
 Frieseite (near sternbergite) 115 
 
 29 I Krennerite (Bunsenin). 
 
 Polydymite 
 
 Stiitzitc. 
 
 PAGE 
 66 
 
 1)5 
 117 
 
 Animikite, p. 71; Argyropyrite (var. sternbergite), p. 115; Arsenargentite, p. 9; 
 -ythrozincite (var. wurtzite?), p. 43; Huntilite, p. 71; Lautite, p. 67; Leyiglianite, p. 86; 
 mmarugaite (= gersdorffite), p. 51; Telaspyrine, p. 119. Bordosite, p. 4. 
 
 gersdorffite), p. 51; Telaspyrine, p. 
 Sulpharsenites, Sulphantimonites, Sulphobismuthites, etc., Min., pp. 85-109. 
 
 Alaskaite (Silberwismuthglanz) . 
 Beegerite 
 
 PAGE PAGE 
 
 3 I Galenobismutite 49 
 
 13 | Guejarite 54 
 
 Bjelkite (= cosalite), p. 31; Coppite, p. 120; Durfeldtite, p. 40; Fredricite (var. tennan- 
 tite), p. 119; Frigidite (var. tetrahedite), p. 120; Malinofskite (var. tetrahedite), p. 120; 
 Plumbostannite, p. 95. 
 
 Chlorides, Bromides, Iodides, and Fluorides, Min., pp. 111-130. 
 
 Chloromagnesite (Bischofite) . 
 
 Daubreite 
 
 Huantajaite (near halite) 
 
 PAGE 
 
 25 
 35 
 55 
 
 PAGE 
 
 lodobromite 63 
 
 Tysonite 126 
 
 Ateline, p. 120 ; Chloralluminite, p. 25 ; Cryptohalite, p. 32 ; Douglasite, p. 43 ; Erio- 
 chalcite, p. 43; Hydrofluorite, p. 61; Lawreneite, p. 67; Melanothallite, p. 75; Nocerite, 
 p. 85; Proidonite, p. 97; Pseudocotunnite, p. 97; Pyroconite (= pachnolite), p. 88. 
 
 Chaicophanite 
 Cleveite. . 
 
 Oxides, Min., pp. 133-201. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Manganosite . 
 
 PAGE 
 
 73 
 
 Blackmorite ( opal), p. 16; Calvonigrite (= pyrolusite), p. 98; Cotterite ( quartz), 
 p. 101; Eisenbrucite, p. 19; Hetasrolite, Hetairite, p. 58; Heubachite, p. 58; Hydrofrank- 
 linite, p. 61; Hydroilmenite (alt. menaccanite), p. 76; Hydrotitanite (alt. perofskite), 
 p. 91; Igelstroniite (= pyroaurite), p. 99; Iserite (= rutile ?), p. 105; Lepidophaeite 
 (= wad), p. 130; Passyite ( quartz), p. 101; Pseudobrookite (= brookite ?) p. 97; 
 Stibianite, p. 116; Yttrogummite, p. 28. 
 
 Anhydrous Silicates, Min., pp. 208-393. 
 
 Barylite 
 
 12 
 
 Clinohumite 
 
 26 
 
 Cossyrite . . . 
 
 31 
 
 Dumortierite ... 
 
 39 
 
 Eucrvptite 
 
 ... 44, 113 
 
 Friedelite 
 
 48 
 
 Ganomalite 
 
 40 
 
 77 I Haughtonite (var. biotite) 
 
 Homilite 
 
 Hyalotekite 60 
 
 Kentrolite 65 
 
 Melanotekite 75 
 
 Microcline 
 
 Peckhamite. 
 
 Siderophyllite (var. biotite) 80 
 
Xll 
 
 CLASSIFIED LIST OF NEW NAMES. 
 
 cophane), p. 52; Giufite (= milarite), p. 81; Hexagonite (= amphibole), p. 5; Hiddenite 
 ~ spodumene), p. 112; Keatingine (= rhodonite), p. 104; Manganidocrase (var. vesuvia- 
 nite), p. 129; Marmairolite, p. 74; Neochrysolite (= chrysolite), p. 27; Neocyanite, p. 84; 
 Ontariolite (= scapolite), p. 106; Paroligoclase, p. 89; Phengite (var. muscovite), p. 78; 
 Rosterite (= beryl), p. 14; Szaboite, p. 118; Titanolioine (var. chrysolite), p. 27; Titano- 
 morphite, p. 122; Uranothorite (near thorite), p. 122; Xantholite (staurolite), p. 114. 
 
 Hydrous Silicates, Min., p. 396-512. 
 
 Bravaisite. . 
 Davreuxite 
 Diabantite. 
 
 Freyalite (near thorite) . 
 lloscoelite . . 
 
 PAGE 
 
 48 
 104 
 
 Abriachanite, p. 1; Aglaite, p. 113; Amesite (= corundophilite), p. 31; Arctolite, p. 8; 
 Balvraidite, p. 11; Bhreckite, p. 15; Bowlingite, p. 17; Duporthite, p. 39; Elroquite, 
 
 p. 115; Steeleite, p. 83; Subdelessite, p. 36; Tobermorite, p. 123; Totaigite, p. 109; 
 Vasite (= orthite), p. 87; Venasquite (= ottrelite), p. 87; vreckite, p. 15; Walkerite 
 (= pectolite), p. 89; Waluewite (= xanthophyllite), p. 132. 
 
 Tantalates, Columbates, pp. 512-526. 
 
 Annerodite . . . 
 Blomstrandite. 
 Dysanalyte . . . 
 
 PAGE 
 
 7 
 
 16 
 40 
 
 PAGE 
 
 61 
 
 Hatch ettolite 
 
 Sipylite ............................ 150 
 
 Haddamite ( microlite), p. 81; Hermannolite (= columbite), p. 30; Mangantantalite 
 -.o. r. :^ p _ 104 . Vietinghoflte (var. samarskite), p. 106. 
 
 Haddamite (= microlite), p. 81 ; Hermannolite (= coin 
 (var. tantalite), p. 118; Rogersite, p. 104; Vietinghoflte (vt 
 
 Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates, Min., pp. 528-591. 
 
 Caryinite (Karyinite) 20 
 
 Dickinsonite 37 
 
 Eleonorite (= beraunite?) 13 
 
 Eosphorite (near childrenite) 24 
 
 Fairfieldite 45 
 
 Fillowite 47 
 
 Hannayite 55 
 
 Henwoodite 57 
 
 Lithiophilite (var. triphylite) 70 
 
 Ludlamite. . . 70 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Mixite 82 
 
 Mottramite 83 
 
 Newberyite 84 
 
 Phosphuranylite 92 
 
 Psittacinite 98 
 
 Reddingite 102 
 
 Strengite 116 
 
 Triploidite 125 
 
 Tritochorite (near eusynchite) 44 
 
 Uranocircite. . . . 127 
 
 Achrematite, p. 1 ; Baryturanite ( uranocircite), p. 127; Brackebuschite, p. 36; Chloro- 
 tile, p. 26 ; Destinezite, p. 36 ; Jogynaite, p. 108 ; Leucochalcite, p. 69 ; Leucomanga- 
 nite, p. 69 ; Liskeardite, p. 70 ; Manganapatite (var. apatite), p. 8 ; Picite, p. 93 ; 
 Pyrophosphorite, p. 100 ; Rhabdophane (Rabdophane), p. 103 ; Spodiosite, p. 112. 
 
 Antimoniates, Nitrates, Min., pp. 591-593. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 PAGE 
 
 85 
 
 Atopite 10 | Nitrobarite 
 
 Arequipite, p. 9 ; Barcenite, p. 11 ; Coronguite, p. 30. 
 
 Borates, Min., pp. 594-600. 
 Franklandite (near ulexite), p. 48 ; Pandermite (near priceite), p. 97 ; Tincalconite, p. 122. 
 
CLASSIFIED LIST OF NEW NAMES. x jjj 
 
 Tungstates, MolyMatcs, Chromates, Telluratcs, Min., pp. 601-608; 628-632, etc. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Reinitc 102 
 
 Chromowulfenite, p. 132 ; Ferrotellurite, p. 46 ; magnolite, p. 72 ; Tarapacaite, p. 119. 
 
 Sulphates, Min., pp. 614 668. 
 
 PAGE 
 98 
 
 Clinophapite 
 
 Dietrichite 38 
 
 Herrengrundite (Urvolgyite) 57 
 
 Ihleite. . . 62 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Phillipite 92 
 
 Plagiocitrite 94 
 
 Scrpierite 109 
 
 Szmikite .118 
 
 Ilesite ............................... 62 Wattevillite ......................... 131 
 
 Kronnkite ........................... 66 Zincaluminite ....................... 133 
 
 Mallardite ........................... 72 
 
 Clinocroeite, p. 28 ; Cyprusite, p. 33 ; Krugite (near polyhalite), p. 96 ; Luckito (var. 
 melanterite), p. 76 ; Picroallumogene, p. 93 ; Reichardtite (= epsoraite), p. 42 ; Siderona- 
 trite, p. 109 ; Sonomaite (var. pickingcrite, p. 93 ; Urusite, p. 109 ; Wertheinanite (near 
 aluminite), p. 131. 
 
 Selenites, Arsenites. 
 
 Chalcomenite 23 
 
 Ekdemite. . 41 
 
 Trippkeite 125 
 
 Carbonates, pp. 669-718. 
 
 I' AGE | PAGE 
 
 Bismutosphaerite 15 j Sphaerocobaltite Ill 
 
 Hibbcrtite, p. 58 ; Hydrocerussite, p. 61 ; Manganosidcrite (var. rhodochrosite), p. 103 ; 
 Parankerite (var. ankerite), p. 6 ; Thinolite, p. 51 ; Waltherite, p. 16. 
 
 Oxalates, Min., pp. 718, 719. 
 Oxammite, Guanipite, p. 88. 
 
 Hydrocarbon Compounds, Min., pp. 723-760. 
 
 Hydrocarbon Compounds, Mm., pp. 723-760. 
 
 Ajkite, p. 3 ; Bernardinito, p. 13 ; Celestialite, p. 21 ; Duxite, p. 40 ; Gedanite, p. 51 ; 
 Ilofmannito, p. 59 ; Ilimrinite, p. 60 ; Tonite, p. 63 ; KMachite, p. 64 ; Muckite, p. 83 ; 
 Neudorfite, p. 84 ; Phytocollitc, p. 38 ; Posepnyte, p. 96 ; Schraufite, p. 107. 
 
 Aerinite, p. 2 ; Arrhenite, 
 25 ; Cuprocalcite, p. 82 ; E 
 
 j>. vv , i-iuinoomanganiLe, p. yo ; rtanaiie, p. iua ; oarawaKite, p. iuo ; 
 107 ; Semseyite, p. 108 ; Siderazot, p. 109 ; Silaonite, p. 53 ; Sulfurk 
 allophane, p. 3; Taznite, p. 119 ; Thaumasite, p. 120 ; Tyreeite, p. 12( 
 128; Venerite, p. 129; Vesbine, p. 129; Youngite, p. 132; Zircarbite, p. 
 
 133. 
 
APPENDIX III. 
 
 Abriachanite. Heddle, Min. Mag., iii., 61, 193, 1879. Aitken, ib. p. 69. "An appar- 
 ently new mineral," Jolly and Cameron, Q. J. Gr. Soc., xxxvi., 109, 1880. 
 
 Amorphous, clay-like ; sometimes showing a distinct fibrous structure ; also pulveru- 
 lent. Color bright ultramarine blue. Gr. = 3*326 Heddle ; 2'01 J. and C. Analyses : 
 1, Heddle, fragments from Dochfour ; 2, Heddle, similar material crushed and then washed 
 by decantation ; 3, mean of several analyses from different localities, Jolly and Cameron. 
 
 Si0 2 A1 2 3 Fe 2 3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na 2 K 2 H 
 
 1. 51-15 .... 14-92 9-80 030 1080 1-12 6'52 (V63 4-77* S tr. =100-01. 
 
 2 52-40 9-34 15-17 0-40 10-50 1-17 7*11 0'61 1*00 =100*67. 
 
 3. 55-02 3-37 19'03 3'83 .... 12-95 2-53 1-74 1'45 P a 5 "33 = 100'25. 
 
 * Loss 0-95 at 100 U. 
 
 B. B. infusible, but loses color. Occurs abundantly in seams and cavities of the gneiss 
 and granite of the Abriachan district, near Loch Ness, in Inverness-shire, Scotland. 
 
 [The material examined by Heddle, and that analyzed by Jolly and Cameron, was de- 
 rived, at least in part, from the same source, and was similar in appearance; although in 
 specific gravity there is a wide discrepancy, and the analyses do not entirely agree, especially 
 as regards the alkalies. Heddle's analysis is near crocidolite (compare anal. 3, Min., p. 
 243). The facts at least prove the correctness of the opinion expressed by Jolly and Cam- 
 eron, that, until a more complete examination can be made on purer material, the sub- 
 stance does not deserve a new name.] 
 
 ACANTHITE, Min., p. 51; App. II., p. 1. Groth has described crystals from Annaberg, 
 which are orthorhombic with marked monoclinic symmetry, Min.-Saininl., Strassburg, 
 p. 51, 1878. 
 
 Achrematite. J. W. Mallet, J. Chem. Soc., II., xiii., 1141, 1875. 
 
 Massive, crypto-crystalline. Tetragonal or hexagonal (?). H. = 3-4. Gr. = 5*965, in 
 powder, 6'178. Color pale sulphur-yellow to orange and red, in the mass liver brown, from 
 admixed limonitc. Streak pale cinnamon brown. Lustre resinous to adamantine. Trans- 
 lucent on thin edges. Fracture uneven to subconchoidal. Brittle. Analyses : 
 
 As a 5 P 2 5 Mo(X PbO Pb(forCl) Cl Fe. 2 3 H 2 O F,Cu,Ag 
 
 1. 15*90 002 4*58 60*35 5 -51 1-89 9*93 1*63 tr. = 99-81. 
 
 2. 16.25 0-03 4-40 62*32 5-48 1'88 8 -53 1'38 tr. = 100*27.' 
 
 3. 15-75 0-02 4-19 56*77 5-48 1*88 13'08 2'27 tr. .= 99'44. 
 
 The. iron and water are present in the amount required for lirnonite. the presence of 
 which is suggested by microscopic examination ; this lirnonite is deducted, viz., 11 '56 p. c. 
 for (1), 9-91 for (2), and 15*35 for (3) ; then calculating to 100, the results are : 
 
 As 2 3 MoOs PbO Pb(forCl) Cl 
 
 1. 18-02 5*19 68-40 6-25 2-14 = 100. 
 
 2. 17-99 4-87 68'99 6'07 2-08 = 100. 
 
 3. 18-73 4-98 67'53 6-52 2-24 = 100. 
 Mean 18-25 5'01 63'31 6*28 2-15 = 100. 
 
 The formula calculated is 3 [3Pb 3 As 2 8 + PbCl 2 ] + 4 [Pb 2 MoO.]. [That the mineral is 
 homogeneous, and not a mixture of an arsenate and molybdate 0f lead, is considered by 
 the author as sufficiently proved ; but the composition proposed is certainly not a prob- 
 able one]. B. B., decrepitates slightly, turns dark brick-red, and fuses easily to a nearly 
 
 1 
 
2 APPENDIX III. 
 
 black globule, which shows indistinct crystalline facets on cooling. On charcoal yields 
 arsenical odors, a lead coating, and finally globules of Idad. With the fluxes, reacts for 
 iron, which, however, is only present as an impurity. 
 
 From the mines of Guanaceiv, Chihuahua, Mexico. Named from a^/o^/mroS, useless, 
 in .allusion to the fact that it was received as a silver ore, while, in fact, of no intrinsic 
 value. 
 
 ACHTARAGDITE. Min., p. 478; App. II., p. 1. 
 
 ACMITE, Min., p. 224; App. II., p. 1. Anal, and discussion of composition, Norway, 
 Dolter, Min. Petr. Mitth., i., 879, 1878. 
 
 Probable occurrence at Ditro, Transylvania, Becke, Min. Petr. Mitth., i., 554, 1878. 
 
 ADAMITE, Min., p. 565.' From the ancient mines recently reopened at Laurium, Greece. 
 Occurrence announced, Klien, J. Min., 1878, 53 ; cryst. and optical description, DCS 
 Cloizeaux, C. li., Ixxxvi., 88, Jan., 1878 ; cryst. description, Laspeyres, Z. Kryst., ii., 147, 
 Feb., 1878 ; Des Cloizeaux, Bull. Soc. Min., i., 30, May, 1878. 
 
 Occurs in small crystals, colorless to deep emerald green, implanted on smithsonite; also 
 in radiated mammillary groups. The forms, as shown independently by Des Cloizeaux and 
 Laspeyres, are closely similar to those of the original mineral from Chili, as also of that 
 from Cape Garonne (App. II., p. 1). Laspeyres finds that, with identical prismatic angles, 
 the vertical axes in the colorless and deep green crystals differ, as 20 : 19 respectively ; the 
 habit is also different. An analysis of the green mammillary variety gave Friedel (Bull. 
 Soc. Min., i., 31) As 2 O 5 40-17, ZnO 55'97, CuO 0-64, FeO 0-18, H 2 4 : 01 =100-97. 
 
 JEGIRITE, Min., p. 223; App. II., p. 1. Anal., Hot Springs, Arkansas, J. L. Smith, Am. 
 J. Sc., III., x., 60, 1875. Analysis and discussion of composition, Dolter, Min. Petr. Mitth., 
 i., 374, 1878. 
 
 Aerinite. v. Lasaulx,3. Min., 1876, 352; Des Cloizeaux, ib., 1877, 60 (Bull. Soc. Min., i., 
 125, 1878). A compact, earthy mineral, of a bright blue color, from the Pyrenees. H. = 3-4, 
 G. = 3 '018. Shown by Des Cloizeaux to be a heterogeneous mass, consisting of a blue 
 paste, inclosing different minerals, perhaps owing its blue color to artificial means. 
 Analyses : 1, Lasaulx (see also J. Min., 1877. 60) ; 2, id., part (18- 28 p. c.) soluble in HC1 
 (in other trials 29*17 p. c., and 32'45 p. c., went into solution) ; 3, Damour ; 4, id., insolu- 
 ble portion ; 5, id., soluble portion ; 6, total of 4 and 5 ; 7 and 8, Rammelsberg, ZS. G. 
 Ges., xxviii., 234, 1876. 
 
 SiO 2 A1 2 O 3 Mn 2 O 3 FeoO 3 FeO' MgO CaO K 2 O H 2 O 
 
 1. 48-53 7-55 1-17 32-78 0-90 3-59 .... 6-1G = 100-67. 
 
 2. Sol. 11-85 20-86 2-83 52-37 0'41 11-57 ......... = 99-89. 
 
 3. 45-3610-22 ........ 13-67 ............. 8'23 
 
 4. Insol. 31-57 3-58 ........ 5-273-55 3'61 I'Ol ..... TKX 0-41,V a O r tr. = 49. 
 
 5. Sol. 12-88 8-22 ........ 7-43 2-31 6'55 0-30 12-74, V O r ,P.,O r> tr. = 50-43. 
 
 6. 44-45 11-80 ........ 12-70 5-86 10-16 1-31 12-74. Ti(XO 41, V 2 O r ,P R tr.= 
 
 7. G.^2-670 42-92 15-34 .... 7-12 3'16 2-45 15'80 .... 12-07= 99-06. " [99-43. 
 
 8. 44-00 15-39 .... 8-88 3-16 2-44 13-88 .... 13-00 = 100-75. 
 
 [It seems to be sufficiently proved that the substance above described is not be regarded 
 as a mineral species.] 
 
 jERUGITE. App. II., p. 1, 
 
 JEscHYNiTE, Min., p. 522. Cryst., Hittero, Norway, Brogger, Z. Kryst., iii., 481, 1879. 
 Miask, an analysis has afforded Rammelsberg (ZS. G. Ges., xxix., 815, 1877), 
 
 Cb 2 5 TiO, ThO (Ce,La,Di) a 3 Y 2 0,,Er,O, Fe 0, CaO 
 
 32-51 21-20 17-55 19-41 ' 3'10 3-71 2'50 = 99'98. 
 
 The formula deduced from this is [R 2 ] Cb 2 (Ti,Th) 8 14 , or [R 2 ] Cb 2 b + 3(Ti,Th) O a . 
 Aglaite. See Spodumene, p. 112. 
 
APPENDIX Til. 3 
 
 AGRICOLITE. App. II., p. 1. 
 
 Ajkite. A resin near amber, Ajka, Hungary (Bull. Soc. Min., i., 126, 1878). 
 
 ' ' s* 
 
 ALABAXDITE, Min,, p. 46. Anal., Morococha, Peru, Raimondi, Min. Perou, p. 239, 
 
 1878. 
 
 Alaskaite. G. A. Konig, Am. Phil. Soc., Philad., 1881, 472, or Z. Kryst., vi., 42. 
 
 Massive, small foliated, with occasional cleavage planes. G. = 6'878. Lustre metallic. 
 Color whitish lead-gray. Powder bluish gray. Opaque. Easily friable in the mortar. 
 Analyses :!;!*, after deducting from (1) 2 -28 p. c. chalcopyrite, and 15 p. e. barite ; 
 2, independent variety. 
 
 S Bi Sb Pb Ag Cu Fe Zn Insol. 
 
 l( a ) 15-83 46-87 0-51 9- 70' 710 3'64 0'70 0-64 1500 = 100-01. 
 
 1* 17-63 56-97 0'62 11-79 8-74 3'46 .... 0-79 =100. 
 
 2(|) 17-85 51-35 .... 1751 3-00 5'38 1-43 0-20 2'83 = 99'55. 
 
 For (I-') the ratio of R : Bi : S = 1 : 2'02 : 4-14, and for (2) after deducting as in (1) = 
 1 : 1-89 : 3 '88, or, approximately 1:2:4, corresponding to (11 9 ,R) S + Bi 2 S 3 , with R a = 
 Ag 2 , Cu 2 , and R = 1 b. 
 
 B. B. in closed tube decrepitates, and melts without giving a sublimate ; in the open 
 tube gives fumes of SOa and a slight sublimate of Sb 2 O 3 . On charcoal a lead coating, and 
 on continued blowing that for silver ; also with potassium iodide and sulphur, a strong 
 reaction for bismuth. After roasting reacts for copper and iron with the fluxes. Slowly 
 attacked by cold concentrated I1C1, rapidly decomposed by the hot acid, leaving flocculent 
 silver chloride. 
 
 Occurs intimately mixed with quartz, barite, chalcopyrite, and tetrahedrite, at the Alaska 
 mine, Poughkeepsie Gulch, Colorado. 
 
 Rammelsberg (ZS. G. Ges., xxix., 80, 1877) has described under the name of SILBERWIS- 
 MUTHGLANZ, a mineral which is the bismuth compound corresponding to miargyritc, and 
 is very near alaskaite. Massive, soft. G. = 6-92. Color gray. Streak light gray. Analy- 
 sis (3) after deducting admixed galenite : S 17-24, Bi 54'50,'Ag 28'26 = 100. This corre- 
 sponds to AgBiS 2 , or Ag^S + Bi a S 3 , requiring S 17'0, Bi 54'7> Ag 28'3 = 100. B. B. on 
 charcoal fuses readily, giving a coating of bismuth oxide, and after long blowing a globule 
 of silver. Soluble in HMOs with separation of sulphur. Associated with tetrahedrite, 
 galenite, sphalerite and pyrite at the Matilda mine, near Morococha, Peru. [The two 
 minerals above described are essentially identical, and as the name of Rammelsberg can- 
 not be employed outside of Germany, that of Konig may be accepted to oover both. The 
 corresponding mineral, miargyrite, has also some varieties which contain lead.] 
 
 ALBITE, Min., p. 348; App. II., p. 1. Cryst. Kuchelbad, near Prague, Bohemia, Vrba, 
 Ber. Bohm. Ges., 1879, 472, and Z. Kryst,, iv., 360, 1880. Switzerland, vomRath, Z. Kryst., 
 v., 27; Zoptau, ibid., v., 253, 1880. Mt. Cau., Pyrenees, v. Lasaulx, Z. Kryst., v., 341, 
 1881. 
 
 Thermo-electrical characters, Hankel, Wied. Ann., i., 283, 1877. 
 
 Made artificially, identical in form and composition with natural crystals, Hautefeuille, 
 C. R., Ixxxiv., 1301, 1877. 
 
 Anal. (2-3 p. c. KaO), Guatemala, v. Lasaulx, J. Min., 1875, 147. 
 
 Pseudomorph after spodumene (q. v., p. 112). 
 
 See also Feldspar Group, p. 45. 
 
 ALLAXITE, Min., p. 285; App. II., p. 2. Analyses of alteration products produced by 
 weathering, J. R. Santos, Chem. News, xxxviii., 95, 1878. 
 
 ALLOPHAXE, Min., p. 419; App. II., p. 2. Anal.. Steinbriick, Gamper, Verh. Geol. 
 Reichs., 1876, 354. 
 
 Muck describes (Z. Berg. -Sal. -Wesen., xxviii., 192, 1880) an earthy, white to pale wine 
 yellow, or greenish yellow substance, from the clay of the Schwelm mine. It corresponds 
 with the kieselalluminite of Kornwestheim (Min., p. 420), but the name SULFATALLOPHAN 
 
4 APPENDIX in. 
 
 is preferred, as it behaves like allophane. Soluble in HC1. Analyses : 1, yellowish, trans-- 
 lucent ; 2, white, earthy; 3, soft, of butter-like consistency ; 4, kieselalluminite. 
 
 Si0 2 AL0 3 S0 3 H 2 
 
 1. 14-84 38-55 7'98 38'63. 
 
 2. 18-74 36-73 6-04 38'49. 
 
 3. 21-83 40-07 10*54 2752. 
 
 4. 13-06 42-59 5-04 39 -32. 
 
 As remarked by Muck, these substances are varying mixtures of aluminum silicate and 
 basic aluminum sulphate. 
 
 ALLOPHITE. App. II., p. 2. 
 Alshedite. See Titanite, p. 122. 
 
 ALTAITE, Min., p. 44; App. II., p. 2. From Chili, Domeyko, C. R., Ixxxi., 632. 1875, 
 .and 5th App. Min. Chili, p. 50, 1876. 
 
 ALUM, Min., p. 651. Apparent tetrahedrism due to distortion, Wulff, Z. Kryst., v., 81, 
 1880. 
 
 Containing Cs and Kb, from Vulcano, Cossa, Accad. Line. Trans., III., ii., 34, 1878. 
 Action of solvents upon, etc., Klocke, Z. Kryst., ii., 126, 293, 553 ; iv., 76. See also L. 
 de Boisbaiidran, C. R., Ixxx., 888, 1007, 1450, 1875. Uzielli, Accad. Line. Trans., III., 
 i., March 18, 1877. 
 
 ALUMINITE,, Min., p. 658 ; App. II., p. 2. Anal.. Muhlhausen, near Kralup, Raffelt, 
 Jahrb. Geol. Reichs, 1878, 360. 
 See also Werthemanite, p. 131. 
 
 ALUNITE, Min., p. 658. Anal., Breuil, Auvergne, v. Lasaulx, J. Min., 1875, 142. In 
 large deposits at Madriat, d'Issoire, France, analyses, Rev. Geol., Delesse and Lapparent, 
 xiii., 38, 1877. 
 
 ALUNOGEN, Min., p. 649; App. II., p. 2. Anal M Cerros Pintados, Tarapaca, Peru, Rai- 
 mondi, Min., Perou, 243, 1878. Celebes, East Indies, Frenzel, Min. Petr. Mitth., iii., 295, 
 1880. Scotia mine, Cumberland Co., N. S., F. D. Adams, Geol., Canada, 1879-80. 
 Sierra del Atajo, and Cerro deFamatina, Argentine'Republic, Brackebusch, Min. Argentin., 
 76, 1879. Wallerawang, New South Wales, Liversidge, Proc. R. See., N. S. W., Nov. 3, 
 
 ALVTTE, Min., p. 511. According to a suggestion of W. C.Brogger (Geol. For. Forh., 
 v., 352, 1881), alvite is to be regarded as simply zircon and xenotinie, compounded as de- 
 scribed by Zschau (Min., p. 529). Crystals from Annerod, near Moss, Norway, gave him 
 36-58 Si0 2 and 18*84 PU B , supporting this view. [This may be true of some so-called 
 alvite, but can hardly apply to the mineral originally analyzed by Forbes.] 
 
 AMALGAM, Min., p. 13; App. II., p. 2. Domeyko (3d Ed. Min., Chili, p. 358, 1879) de- 
 scribes several varieties of silver amalgam from Chili. One of these from the mines of 
 Arqueros, Coquimbo, Chili, has Ag 94-4, Hg 5-6, and corresponds to kongsbergite (App. II., 
 p. 32). Another has Ag 69-21, Hg 30-76, and is called bordosite (but see App. II.. p. 8) 
 from the locality, the mines of Bordos. Various intermediate compounds are men- 
 tioned. 
 
 An amalgam from Vitalle Creek, British Columbia, lat. 53 N., afforded : Ag 86-15, Hg 
 11-90, Si0 2 0-45 = 98'50 (Hanks, priv. contrib.); it hence corresponds with arquerite (Min., 
 p. 14). An amalgam from the Sala mine, Sweden, gave Nordstrdm : Ag 46-30, Hg 51-12, 
 Fe 0-81, Zn, Pb, tr., CaC0 3 0'21, insol., 1-Q1 = 99-45, Geol. For. Forh., v., 715, 1881. 
 
APPENDIX HI. 
 
 AMBLYGONITE, Min., p. 545. Analyses by Penfield, Am. J. Sc., III., xviii., 295, 1879. 
 
 P f O :> A1 O 3 Lv,O Nn a O H,O F 
 1. Penig, (|) 48-24 33'55 8'97 2'04 1 75 11-26 Mn 2 O 3 0.13 = 105 "94, deduct 4-74 O ( = F) = 101-20. 
 
 2 Montebras, A. (|) 47'09 33'22 7'92 3'48 2'27 9'93 CaO 0'24 = 104-15, deduct 402 O = 100'13. 
 
 G. 3.088 
 
 3 Auburn, Me. (I) 48'48 33'78 9'46 99 3'57 6'20 = 102-48, deduct 2'61 O = 99'87. 
 
 G. = 3-059 
 
 4 Hebron, Me., A. [48'53] 34'12 9'54 0'34 4'44 5'24. 
 
 5' Paris, Me. (!) 48'31 33 68 9'82 0"34 4'89 4'82 K 2 O 0'03 = 101-89, deduct 2'03 O = 99'8G. 
 
 G. = 3-035 
 
 6 Hebron, Me.,B. (1)47-44 33'90 9-24 0'66 5'05 5'45 =101 '74, deduct 2'29 O = 99'45. 
 
 G. = 3-032 
 
 7. Branchville, Ct. (|) 48'80 34'26 9'80 0'19 5'91 1'75 Fe 2 O 3 0'29, Mn 2 O 3 0' 10= 101 -10, deduct 0'74 O = 100'36. 
 
 G. = 3-032 
 
 8. Montebras, B. (?) 48'34 33'55 9'52 0'33 6'61 1'75 CaO 0'35 = 100-45, deduct 0'74 O = 99'71. 
 
 G. 3-007 
 
 These analyses are arranged so as to show the variation in the relative amounts of water 
 and fluorine. For all of them the author shows that the ratio of P : Al : R : (F,OH) 
 1:1:1:1 nearly, corresponding to the formula A1 2 P 2 O 8 + 2R (F,OH). The conclusion 
 reached is that the varieties (see hebronite and montebmsite in Appendixes I. and II.) differ 
 only in the extent to which the fluorine is isomorphously replaced by hydroxyl (HO). See 
 also triploidite, in this Appendix. 
 
 Occurrence at Montebras, with analyses, Thenard, Monit. Scientif., III., ix., 1175 
 (Jahresb. Ch., 1879, 1204). 
 
 AMBLYSTEGITE. App. I., p. 1. 
 AMBROSINE. App. I., p. 1. 
 Amesite. See CorundopTiilite, p. 31. 
 
 AMPHIBOLE, Min., p. 232; App. II., p. 2. Oryst. description, v. Kokscharof, Min. Russl., 
 viii., 159, 247, 1881. 
 
 Practical determination by optical methods in thin sections of rocks, Jbtlguland Levy, 
 Ann. Min., VII., xii., 429, 1877; Thoulet, ib., xiv., Ill, 1878. 
 
 Analyses of Scottish varieties, and discussion of results of alteration, Ileddle, Trans. 
 Soc. Edinb., xxviii., 502, 1878. Amelia Co., Va., Massie ; Amherst Co., Va., Baker, Ch. 
 News, xlii., 194, 1880. 
 
 A variety of amphibole containing no magnesia is called BERQAMASKITE, by Lucchetti 
 (Mem. Ace., Bologna, IV., ii., 397, 1881; Z. Kryst., vi., 199). Occurs in a quartzose horn- 
 blende-porphyry, from Monte Altino, Province of Bergamo, Italy. Forms acicular crystals, 
 vertically striated, and arranged in parallel or radiated groups ; cleavage prismatic, 124\ 
 G. = 3-075. Analysis : (*) SiO Q 36-78, ALO, 1513, Fe 2 O 3 14-46. FeO 22-89, CaO 5'14, 
 MgO 0-93, Na 2 4;00, K 2 0-42, loss [0-25J, MnO tr. = 100; characterized by the small 
 amount of magnesia present. 
 
 A manganesian (1'37 p. c. MnO) variety from Edwards, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y.', was 
 described under the name IIEXAGONITE, as "anew hexagonal bisilicate," by Goldsmith 
 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Philad., 1876, 160). Its true character was shown by Koniq (ib., 
 p. 180). 
 
 Berteh (Verh. Wiirzb. Ges., II., viii., in Jahresb. Ch., 1874, 1267) has given the name 
 PHAACTINITE to an alteration product of amphibole, forming radiated masses, doubly re- 
 fracting. H. =2. G. = 2-997-3-057. Color dirty grayish brown. Analysis after deduct- 
 ing a little magnetite : Si0 2 35-5, A1 2 3 16'9, Fe.XX 25'4, MnO 1-4, MgO 5'3, CaO 7'2, H 2 
 8-1 = 99-8, corresponding approximately to E 2 {\RJ 2 Si 4 1( , + 3 aq. From the rock called 
 by the same author isenite, occurring in Nassau, Germany. [An uncertain decomposition 
 product hardly deserves a distinct name ; the substance is not very far from delessite.] 
 
 ANALCITE, Min., p. 432; App. II., p. 2. Cryst., Kerguelen Is., . Lasaulx, Z. Kryst., 
 i., 204, 1877. Radauthal, Ludecke, Z. gesammt. Nat., III., iv., 325, 1879. 
 
 Anal., Montreal, Canada, Harrington, Geol. Canada, 1878. Bohemia, Preis and Vrba, 
 Ber. Bo'hm. Ges., 1879, 467. 
 
APPENDIX III. 
 
 Bamberger shows (Z. Kryst., vi., 32, 1881) that Bechi's picranalcite is identical vich 
 ordinary analcite, containing only a trace of magnesia. 
 
 The question as to the CRYSTALLINE SYSTEM oi' analcite has been recently discussed, as 
 folloVs : Schrauf (Anzeig. Ak. "SVien, 1876), referred crystals from Friedeck, Bohemia, to 
 the orthorhombic system, describing them as complex twins, analogous to those of leucite 
 described by vom Hath. Mallard (Ann. Min., VII., x., Ill, 1870) describes the optical 
 anomalies of the species, and explains them by assuming that a crystal is formed by the 
 interpenetration of three pseudo-tetragonal individuals, each one of which is formed of 
 two orthorhombic crystals, with nearly equal axes ; these 24 orthorhombic crystals, com- 
 posing a single pseudo-isometric crystal, correspond to the 24 planes of a tetrahexahedron. 
 Lasaulx (J. Min., 1878, 510) describes the results of an optical examination of crystals of 
 picranalcite from Monte Catini, Tuscany, and concludes (but see below) that they can be 
 only explained by the assumption that a crystal is made up of 12 triclinic individuals 
 interpenetrating each other, analogous to the compound crystals of phillipsite (q. v.). 
 Schulten (Bull. Soc. Min., iii., 150, 1880) has obtained trapezohedral crystals by artificial 
 means, and on optical grounds claims for them a complex structure, analogous to that 
 assumed by Mallard (see above); with him, however, the crystals are rhombohedral. 
 Crystals obtained later by a different method were isotropic (ib., v., 7, 1882.) 
 
 On the other hand, later investigations by v. Lasaulx (Z. Kryst., v., 380, 1881) on crystals 
 from the Cyclopean Is., have led him to the conclusion that the optical phenomena are to 
 be explained (as formerly accepted) by reference to the varying degrees of tension existing 
 in the interior of the crystal. Arzruni and Koch (Z. Kryst., v., 483, 1881) have also, after 
 a review of the whole subject, and an extended optical examination of specimens, espe- 
 cially from Kerguelen Is. and the Cyclopean Islands, concluded that analcite is to be referred 
 to the isometric system. Finally, the whole subject has been exhaustively reviewed and 
 further investigated by Ben Saude (Inaug. Diss., Stuttgart, 1881, and J. Min., 1882, i., 
 41). He describes the results of an optical examination of sections of many crystals cut 
 parallel to the cubic, octahedral, dodecahedral, and trapezohedral (2-2) planes, and shows 
 that they do not correspond with Mallard's hypothesis, but can be explained on the sup- 
 position of internal tension. He found, further, that gelatine cast into moulds corre- 
 sponding to the crystalline forms acquired on solidifying similar optical characters. 
 
 ANATASE. See Octahedrite, p. 85. 
 
 ANDALUSITE, Min., p. 371 ; App. II., p. 2. Optical examination, Bertrand, Bull. Soc. 
 
 in., i., 94, 1878; Berlin, ibid., ii., 54 etseq. 
 
 Anal., San Piero, Elba, Grattarola, Boll. Com. Geol., 1876, 328. 
 
 ANDREWSITE, App. I., p. 1. Locality described, Foster, Trans. Geol. Soc., Cornwall, ix., 
 
 1875. Description and anal. (Flight), M^skslyne, J. Chem. Soc., July, 1875, p. 58G. 
 
 ANGLESITE, Min., p. 622 ; App. II., p. 3. Cryst., Erzberg, v. Zepharovich, Lotos, Dec., 
 1874. Hungary, Krenner, Z. Kryst., i., 321, 1877. Sardinia (list of planes, etc.), 0. 
 Sella, Ace. Line. Trans., III., iii., 150, 1879. 
 
 Indices of refraction as affected by change of temperature, Arzruni, Z. Kryst., i., 182, 
 1877. 
 
 Recent formation at Bourbonne-les-Bains, Daubrec, C. R, Ixxx., 604, 1875. Occurrence 
 at Vesuvius, Scacchi, Rend. Ace. Nap., Dec., 1877. 
 
 ANHYDRITE, Min., p. 621; App. II., p. 3. Cryst., Berchtesgaden, Bavaria, etc., Groth, 
 Min.-Samml., Strassburg, 141, 1878. 
 Occurrence at Vesuvius, Scacchi, Att. Ace. Nap., vi., 1873. 
 
 Animikite. See Macfarlanite, p. 71. 
 
 ANKERITE. Min., p. 685 ; App. II., p. 3. Anal., Phenixville, Penn., Koniq, Proc. Ac. 
 Nat. Sc. Phil , 1877, 290. 
 
 Boricky has examined a series of minerals from Bohemia, related to ankerite, and dis- 
 cusses the relation in composition between them and other similar carbonates (Min. Mitth., 
 
 1876, 47). He writes the general formula CaFeC 2 0,, + x (CaMgC 2 O ft ), for all the related 
 minerals, where x may have one of the values .V, 1, -, f, , 2, 3, 4, 5, 10; those varieties in 
 which x < 2 are included under ankerite, and the remainder under the name parankerite. 
 For normal ankerite he takes x = 1, and for normal parankerite x = 2. 
 
APPENDIX III. 7 
 
 Annerodite, W. C. Brogger, Geol. For. Forh., v., 354, 1881. 
 
 Orthorhombic : Axes c: 6: a = 0-36103: 1. : 0-40369. Observed planes i-l, i^l, 0, /, 
 &-, i-%, 2-*, f t, l-, 1, 2, 2-2, 2-2, 3-3. /A / = 136 D 2', ^-3 A i-3 = 100 1 44', 2-<l \ 2-1 = 
 58" 25'. In prismatic crystals of varied habit, often closely resembling colurnbite ; planes 
 sometimes developed according to monoclinic symmetry. Angles near those of columbite 
 (the position taken is that of Schrauf, /= i-$, Min., p. 516), and also not far from those of 
 polycrase. Twinning plane i-5. Many crystals often grouped in parallel position, thus 
 forming an apparently single crystal of considerable size. 
 
 H. =6. G. = 5 '7 of anhydrous crystals. Lustre metallic to greasy submetallic. Color 
 black. Streak dark blackish brown to brownish or greenish gray. Opaque, or translucent 
 in very thin splinters. Fracture subconchoidal. Brittle. B. B., fuses on the edges to a 
 black glass. Analysis by C. W. Blomstrand : 
 
 Cb 2 O 5 SnO 2 ZrO 2 SiO 2 ThO 2 Ce O 3 Y 2 O 3 UO PbO F;O MnO CaO MgO K..O Na a O A1 2 O 3 H.,O 
 48-13 016 1-97 2-51 2'37 2'56 7'10 16'28 2'40 3'38 0'20 3'35 0'15 0'16 0'32 0'28 8-19 = 99-51. 
 
 Neglecting the silica, the formula calculated by Blomstrand is R 2 Cb 2 7 + 2.} aq., winch 
 makes it nearly identical with samarskite, and also to the less certain nohlite (App. II., 
 p. 41), except in the water; Brogger, however, shows that the water is not essential, but 
 is due to a partial alteration which is accompanied by a lowering of the hardness (to 4-5) 
 and specific gravity (to 4'28), and a loss of lustre. A crystal with G. 5'7 showed only a 
 trace of water. The mineral is consequently hardly to be separated from samarskite in 
 composition, but it is different in form (see E. S. Dana, Am. J. Sc., III., xi., 201, 1876). 
 Brogger shows further, that annerodite (euxenite and polycrase) bears the same relation to 
 columbite that samarskite does to tantalite ; the two last being very near in form, as are 
 
 annerodite and columbite. From the pegmatite vein at Annerod, near Moss, Norway, where 
 it is associated with monazite, alvite (q. v.), apatite, magnetite, beryl, topaz, and other 
 minerals. 
 
 Anomite. See Mica Group, p. 77. 
 
 ANORTTTITE, Min., p. 337; App. II., p. 3. Cryst., Albani Mts., Q. Sella, Accad. Line. 
 Mem., III., i., 96, or Z. Kryst., i., 241, 1877. Pesmeda Alp, Monzoni, Tyrol, rose-red 
 variety, vom Rath, Ber. nied. Ges. Bonn., July 2, 1877 ; anal, by Gamper, Verh. geol. 
 Reichs., 1877, 134. Aranyer Berg, Transylvania, vom Rath, Z. Kryst., v., 23, 1880. Mt. 
 Etna (cyelopite) v. Lasaulx, Z. Kryst., v., 326, 1880. 
 
 Expansion of crystals with heat, Beckenkamp, Z. Kryst., v., 441, 1881. 
 
 Pseudomorph, Franklin Furnace, N. J., Rcepper, Am. J. Sc., III., xvi., 364, 1878. 
 
 The csniarkite from Kjorrestad, in Bamle, Norway, is regarded by Brogger and Reusch 
 (ZS. G. Ges., xxvii., 676, 1875) as probably a distinct species, although they show that it 
 follows the same twinning laws as the anorthite of Vesuvius. For Des Cioizeaux's results 
 see App. II., p. 19. 
 
 See also Feldspar Group, p. 45, and Barsowite, p. 12. 
 
 ANTHOPHYLLTTE, Min., p. 231; App. II., p. 3. Opt. exam., Bamle, Norway, Des Cloi- 
 zeaux, C. R., Ixxxiv., 1473, 1877. Pisani (C. R., Ixxxiv., 1510) has analyzed the Bamle 
 mineral (1), and also (2) the snarumite of Breithaupt (Min., p. 316). Des Cloizeaux (1. c.), 
 in view of these analyses, and also of the relation in optical character, suggests that 
 the snarumite may be an alteration product of an aluminous antbophyllite. Analysis 3 
 (by Rosenius) and 4 (by Stadtus) are of an orthorhombic mineral referred to anthophyllite 
 (G. = 3-022-3-045) from Stansvik, near Hclsingfors, Finland, F. J. Wiik (Z. Kryst., ii., 
 498, 1878). 
 
 SiO, AU0 3 FeO MgO CaO Na 0, KoO ign. 
 
 1. Bamle, G. 2-98. 51-80 12-40 3*67 27-60 .... 144 3-00 = 99-91. 
 
 2. Snarum 57-90 13-55 1-90 19-40 0-87 4-50 2'86 = 100'98. 
 
 3. Stansvik 51-74 8*55 20-35 16-45 1-79 0-41 MnO .... = 99-29. 
 
 4. Stansvik 52-05 9'46 20-72 17-24 1-35 0-26 MnO .... =101-08. 
 
 ANTILLITE. App. I., p. 1. 
 
 ANTIMONY, Min., p. 18. Description of artificial crystals, Laspeyres, ZS. G. Ges., xxvii., 
 574, 1875. 
 
8 APPENDIX m. 
 
 APATITE, Min., p. 530; App. H., p. 3. Cryst., from different localities, Groth, Min. 
 Samml., Strassburg, 174, 1878. iLama dello Spedalaccio, Uzielli, Accad. Line. Mem., i., 
 159, 1876. 
 
 According to Mallard (Ann. Min., VII., x., 147, 1876), apatite is to be regarded as 
 pseudo-hexagonal, being formed by the intergrouping of orthorhombic individuals ; a thin 
 section of a Schlaggenwald crystal showed three irregularly joined sectors, of different 
 optical orientation, and each distinctly biaxial ; others from Estremadura, Spain, showed 
 six sectors, two opposite belonging to the same crystal. In other cases normal uniaxial 
 characters were observed and explained by the intimate union of the different molecular 
 aggregations. 
 
 Etching figures corresponding to the pyramidal hemihedrism, Baumhauer, Ber. Ak. Mun- 
 chen, 1875, 169. Pyro-electrical characters, Hcmkel, Wied. Ann., vi., 52, 1879. Absorp- 
 tion bands in spectrum (Ce,La,Di), Cossa, Accad. Line. Mem., III., iii, 17 et seq., 1878. 
 
 Analyses, etc. Occurrence at Kjorrestad, Bamle, Norway, Brogger and Reusch, ZS. G. 
 Ges., xxvii., 646, 1875. Nischne Novgorod (phosphorite), v. Mdller, Verh. Min. Ges. St. 
 Pet., II., xii., 61. Method of occurrence in Canadian veins, often of immense size, Har- 
 rington, Geol. Canada, 1878 ; composition of Canadian apatites, C. Hoffmann, Geol. 
 Canada, 1879. 
 
 Siew&rt (Z. Gesammt. Nat., II., x., 330, 1874) found 6-7 p. c. MnO in an apatite from 
 San Roque, near Cordoba, Argentine Republic, and calls this variety, in which part of the 
 calcium is replaced by manganese, MANGANAPATITE. Penfield (Am. J. Sc., III., xix., 367, 
 1880) has analyzed apatites from Branch ville, Conn., and Franklin Furnace, N. J., con- 
 taining manganese ; one variety from Branchville afforded 10*59 p. c. MnO. 
 
 APHROSIDERITE, Min., p. 502; App. II., p. 3. Striegau, Silesia, Websky (anal, by Ram- 
 melsberg), ZS. G. Ges., xxxi., 211, 1879. 
 
 APHTHITALITE, Min., p. 615; App. II., p. 3. Vesuvius, Scacchi, Atti Ace. Nap., Dec., 
 1873 (Contr. Min., ii., 48). 
 
 APHTHONITE. See Tetrahedrite, p. 120. 
 
 APOPHYLLITE, Min., p. 415; App. II., p. 3. Cryst., Radauthal, Harz, Ludecke, Z. Kryst., 
 iv., 626, 1880. Uto, Sweden, Seligmann, J. Min., 1880, i., 140. 
 
 Pyro-electrical characters, Hankel, Pogg. Ann., clvii., 163, 1876. 
 
 Mallard (Ann. Min., VII., x., 121, 1876) - argues that the true form of apophyllite is 
 monoclinic. and that the crystals are only pseudo-tetragonal. Itomp/ (Min. Petr. Mitth , 
 ii., 369, 1879) has reached a similar conclusion. KlocJce (J. Min., 1880, ii., 11, rel), how- 
 ever, opposes the view of Rumpf, shows in what respects his argument is inconclusive, and 
 explains otherwise more satisfactorily the optical anomalies. See also remarks by GrrotJi, 
 Z. Kryst, v., 376., 1881. 
 
 Anal., Cipite-Alpe, Mattesdorf, Verh. G. Reichs., 1876, 32. 
 
 AQUACREPITITE. App. I., p. 2. 
 
 ARAGONITE, Min., p. 694; App. II., p. 4. Cryst., monograph, v. Kokscliarof, Min. 
 Russl., vi., 261, 1875. Eisenerz and Huttenberg, . Zepharovich, Ber. Ak. Wien, Ixxi., 
 253, 1875. Oberstein a. d. Nahe, Laspeyres, Z. Kryst., i., 202, 1877 ; ib., iv., 433, 1880. 
 
 Anal., 7-29 PbC0 3 , Austin Mine, Wythe Co., Va., Dunnington, Proc. Am. Ch. Soc., 
 ii., 14, 1878. 
 
 On surface of meteoric iron, anal., J. L. Smith, Am. J. Sc., III., xii., 107, 1876. 
 
 ARAGOTITE, App. II., p. 4. Optical examination, Bertrand, Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 87, 
 1881. 
 
 Arctolite. ARKTOLITE, Blomstrand, "Ett hognordiskt mineral," Geol. For. Forh., v., 
 210, 1880. 
 
 Occurs in a crystalline limestone, forming small irregularly curved crystalline plates, 
 generally compact, occasionally showing prismatic angles of 124-126 (Sjogren, 1. c.). 
 H. = 5. G. 303. Colorless or yellowish to greenish. Analysis (I): SiO, 44'93, Ti0 2 
 0-38, Al a O, 23-55, Fe,0 3 1-24, CaO 13 28, MgO 10-30, Na 2 1-73, K 2 0-79, H,0 3'15 = 
 
APPENDIX III. 9 
 
 99-74. This corresponds to the formula H 2 R 2 [A1 2 ] Si 3 12 . B. B. fuses with difficulty to 
 a white enamel ; partially attacked by acids with the separation of flocculent silica. 
 Found in 1861 on Hvitholin, near Spitzbergen. [A relation to prehnite, on the ground of 
 the composition, and to hornblende, because of the prismatic angle, is suggested, but the/ 
 mineral needs further examination before its true character can be settled.] 
 
 ARDENNITE, App. II., p. 4. Supplementary description by v. Lasaulx, J. Min., 1876, 363, 
 and Bettendorff, Pogg. Ann., clx., 126, 1877. Analyses by Bettendorff, (1) sulphur-yellow 
 opaque var., G. = 3 656; (2) brown transparent var., G. = 3'643. 
 
 SiO a Alo0 3 Fe.,0 3 MnO CuO MgO CaO V 2 5 As 2 5 H 2 
 
 1. 27-50 22-76 115 30-61 0-17 1-38 1-83 0-53 9-33 5-13=100-39. 
 
 2. 27-84 ~2?22~~~ 26-70 .... 3-01 2-17 9'20 2-76 5-01 = 100-91. 
 
 It is concluded by Bettendorff, tjiat in this mineral arsenic and vanadium replace each 
 other in varying proportions, with a consequent variation in color ; in several other trials 
 1-83, 2-31, 2-53, 2-98, 6-64 p. c. As 2 5 were found ; v. Lasaulx (1. c.) shows that the vana- 
 dium ardennite Is probably the original mineral, and that the presence of the arsenic is 
 due to gradual alteration. 
 
 Arequipite. A. Raimondi, Mineraux du Perou, Paris, 1878, p. 167. 
 
 Compact, wax-like. H. nearly 6. Color honey yellow. Fracture conchoidal. According 
 to a qualitative analysis, a silico-antimoniate of lead. B. B..on charcoal fuses with diffi- 
 culty, yielding buttons of lead, and gives off antimonial vapors. Slightly attacked by 
 nitric acid, dissolves slowly in hydrochloric acid to which a little nitric has been added, 
 and leaves a residue of silica. Occurs sparingly in a quartzose gangue, with argentiferous 
 lead carbonate and chrysocolla, at the Victoria mine, Montagne de la Trinite, near Tibaya, 
 Province of Arequipa, Peru. [Needs further examination, probably a mixture.] 
 
 ARFVEDSONITE, Min.. p. 243. Anal., El Paso Co, Colorado, Konig, Am. Phil. Soc., 
 Philad., xvii.. 516, 1877, or Z. Kryst., i., 430. Greenland, discussion of composition, 
 Dolter, Z. Kryst., iv., 34, 1879. 
 
 ARGEXTITE, Min., p. 38; App. II., p. 4. Oryst.. description, GrotJi, Min.-Samml. Strass- 
 burg, 1878, p. 50. 
 
 ARGENTOPYRITE, Min., p. 39; App. II., p. 4. See Steriibergite, p. 115. 
 Argyropy rite. See Sternbergite, p. 115. 
 ARITE. App. II., p. 4. 
 
 Arrhenite. NordenskiSld ; Engstrom, Inaug. Diss.. Upsala, 1877 (Abstr. by Brftgger, 
 Z. Kryst., iii., 201, 1878). A substance locking like red feldspar ; occurs with fergusonite 
 and cyrtolite at Ytterby, Sweden. G. = 3'68. Analysis : Ta.,0, 21-28, Cb->O 5 2'67, 
 SiO a 17 65, Zr0 2 3'42, Fe 2 3 1-87, A1 2 3 3-88, Ce 2 (Di 2 , La 2 ) 3 2"59, Yo0 3 22-06, Er a 3 11 10, 
 CaO 5 22, BeO 0'74, E 2 6 -87 = 100-35. 
 
 [Regarded as only a decomposition product, and hence not deserving of a distinct 
 name.] 
 
 * 
 
 Arsenargentite. J. B. ffannay, Min. Mag., i., 149, 1877. In orthorhombic acicular 
 crystals imbedded in native arsenic. Analysis gave : As 18 '43, Ag 81-37 = 99 -80, corre- 
 sponding to the formula Ag 3 As. Source " probably Freiberg." 
 
 [An imperfect description from a single specimen of uncertain origin is a most unsatis- 
 factory basis for a new name.] 
 
 ARSENIC, Min., p. 17; App. II., p. 5. Cryst.. anal. (Janovsky), Joachimsthal, v. Zeriharo- 
 vich, Ber. Ak. Wien, Ixxi., 272, 1875. 
 
10 APPENDIX HI. 
 
 ARSEXIOSIDERITE. Min., p. 76, App. II., p. 5. 
 
 ARSEXOLITE, Min., p. 183. Anomalous optical characters of artificial crystals, perhaps 
 pseudo-isometric, Gronse-Bohle, Z. Kryst., v., 233, 1881). See also Senarmontite, p. 108. 
 
 ARSENOPYRITE, Min., p. 78; App. II., p. 5. Cryst., Joachimsthal, Gamper, Verh. geol. 
 Reichs., 1876, 354. With pyrite in parallel position, Sadebeck, Wied. Ann., v., 576, 1878; 
 do. with galenite, Groth, Min.-SammJ., Strassburg, p. 39, 1878. Reide^ stein, Silesia, 
 Hare, Z. Kryst, iv., 296, 1879. 
 
 Arzruni (Z. Kryst., ii., 430, 1878) has examined (but see Hare 1. c.) crystals from eight 
 localities, and has shown considerable variation in angle between them. He also states 
 that while the composition is different for different localities, it agrees neither with 
 FeS 2 + AsS 2 , nor with wFeS 2 + wFeAs 2 , but that the percentage amount of iron remains 
 nearly constant. 
 
 Becke (Min. Mitth., 1877, 101) discusses the relations in crystalline axes between arsen- 
 opyrite, danaite, and glaucodot, and concludes that they do not correspond with the amount 
 of cobalt present, as suggested by Scheerer ; this result, however, is questioned by Groth 
 (Z. Kryst,, ii., 520). 
 
 ARSEXOTELLURITE. App. II., p. 5. 
 ARSEXSTIBITE. App. II., p. 5. 
 
 ASMAXITE, App. II., p. 5. In meteoric iron of Rittersgriin, Wrisbach, J. Min., 1876, 
 934 ; Winkler, ib., 1879, 903. According to Weisbach, asmanite is identical with tridy- 
 mite, as suggested by v. Lnsaulx (Z. Kryst., ii., 274, 1878). See in Nov. Act. Leopold. -Car. 
 Ak., xl., 358, 1878. See also Groth, Tab. Uebers. Min., p. 33, 1882. 
 
 ASPIDOLITE. App. I., p. 2, II., p. 5. 
 
 ASTEROITE. App. I., p. 2. 
 
 ASTROPHYLLITE, Min., p. 308 ; App. II., p. 6. With arfvedsonite and zirkon, El Paso Co., 
 Colorado, Konig, Am. Phil. Soc., Philad., xvi., 509, 1877 (or Z. Kryst., i., 423). An analy- 
 sis gave : Si0 2 34'68, Ti0 2 13-58, Zr0 2 2'20, Fe 2 3 6 56, A1 2 3 0'70, FeO 26-10, MnO 3 48, 
 Na 2 2-54, K 2 5-01, H 2 O 3'54, MgO C-30, CuO 0'42, Ta 2 5 (?) 0'80 = 99-91. 
 
 Cryst. and optical exam., Norway and Colorado, Bucking, Z. Kryst., i., 433, 1877 ; 
 Brogger, Z. Kryst., ii., 278, 1878. Brogger concludes that the mineral belongs to the tri- 
 clinic system. It is now referred to the pyroxene group. 
 
 ATACAMITE, Min., p. 121; App. II., p. 6. Cryst., Chili, Brogger, Z. Kryst., iii., 488, 
 1879 ; v. Rath, Z. Kryst., v., 256, 1880. 
 
 Anal., Yorke's Pejiinsula, Wallaroo, T. C. Cloud, Chem. News, xxxiv., 254, 1876. New 
 South Wales. Liversidge, Proc. Roy. Soc., N. S. W., Nov. 3, 1880. 
 
 From the Nellore District, India, Mallet t Rec. Geol. Surv. India, xii, 171, 1879. 
 
 ATELESTITE. Min., p. 392; App. II., p. 6. 
 Atelina, ATELITE. See Tenorite, p. 119. 
 
 Atopite. Nordenskiold, Geol. For. Forh., iii.. 376, 1877. 
 
 'Isometric ; in octahedrons, with cube and dodecahedron, also m-m, and i-n planes. 
 H. 5-5-6. G. = 5-03. Lustre greasy Color yellow to resin brown. Translucent. 
 Composition R 2 Sb 2 7 = SboO.-, 7312, CaO 17-51, *FeO 2'71, MgO 150, K 2 84, Na,0 
 4-32 = 100. Analyses : 1, the mineral fused with sodium carbonate ; 2, do. reduced with 
 hydrogen ; 3, mean of (1) and (2). 
 
 Sb 2 5 FeO MnO CaO K 2 Na 2 
 
 1. 72-61 3-04 1-34 1805 
 
 2. 2-54 1-72 17-65 0'86 4'40 
 
 3. 72-61 2-79 1-53 17'85 0-86 4'40 = 100-04. 
 
APPENDIX III. 11 
 
 B. B. in forceps in 0. P. unchanged. On charcoal in R. F. sublimes in part, fuses at 
 first with difficulty, and gives finally, when the antimony pentoxide is all reduced to the 
 metallic state and driven off, a dark infusible slag. In salt of phosphorus dissolves to a 
 clear bead, yellow while hot, and colorless on cooling. Insoluble in acids ; decomposed 
 with difficulty by fusion with sodium carbonate. Easily reduced by hydrogen, (cf. romeite.) 
 
 Occurs as octahedrons imbedded in hedyphane, which in turn forms little veins in rhodo- 
 nite ; rare. Locality Langban, in Wcrmland, Sweden. Named from aroTtot, unusual. 
 
 AUGITE. See Pyroxene, p. 100. 
 
 AUTUNITE, Min., p. 58G; App. II., p. 6. Himmelfahrt mine, Johanngeorgenstadt, 
 Saxony; Brezina' makes the crystals to be monoclinic (or triclinic), with pseudo-tetrago- 
 nal symmetry, Z. Kryst., Hi., 273, 1879. 
 
 Composition, Church, J. Chem. Soc., Feb., 18?5, 109. 
 
 AXIXITE, Min., p. 297; App. II., p. 6. Cryst., Veszveres, Hungary, and Medels, 
 Switzerland, Schmidt, J. Min., 1881, i., 371 ref. (or Z. Kryst., vi., 98). 
 
 Pyro -electrical characters, Ilankel, Wied. Ann., vi., 57, 1879. Expansion of crystals 
 with heat, Bcckenkamp, Z. Kryst., v., 451, 1881. 
 
 AZORITE. Min., p. 761; App. II., p. 6. 
 
 AZURTTE, Min., p. 715; App. II., p. 6. Cryst. descript. (twins\ Chessy near Lyons, 
 Oroth, Min.-Saminl., Strassburg, p. 138, 1878. 
 
 BABIXGTONITE, Min.. p. 227; App. II., p. 6. Observed in slag from Bessemer steel, 
 Klemm, Chem. Centralbl., 1874, 215. See also Szaboite, p. 118. 
 
 Balvraidite. Ilcddk, Min. Mag., iv., 117, 1880. 
 
 Structure saccharoidal. H. = 6. G. = 2 '905-2-908. Color pule purplish brown. Analy- 
 ses (1) dark var. ; (2) paler var.: 
 
 Si0 2 Al,0 3 Fo,0 3 MnO MgO CaO Na-,0 K^O 11,0 
 
 46-04 20-11 2-52 0-79 8-30 13-47 2'72 1-36 4-71 = 100-02. 
 
 46-17 20-95 1-86 0'84 7'36 13-25 3*25 1 56 4-90 = 100-14. 
 
 B. B. fuses with intumescence to a vesicular pale bine glass. Presents a mottled 
 appearance under the microscope, and was judged to be homogeneous. Occurs in a granu- 
 lar limestone, at Balvraid, Inverness-shire, Scotland. [Needs further examination ; as the 
 description stands at present, this substance, "which may prove to be a new mineral," 
 certainly does not deserve a distinct name.] 
 
 Barcenite. , T. W. Mallet, Am. J. Sc., xvi., 306, 1878. 
 
 Massive; structure finely granular, compact or porous; also columnar (pseudomorphous 
 after livingstonite). H. = 5*5. G. 5*343. Lustre dull, earthy, sometimes slightly 
 resinous. Color, dark gray, nearly black. Streak ash gray, with slight greenish tint. 
 Fracture tolerably even. Brittle. Analysis by J. R. Santos: 
 
 Sb* S Hg Ca H 2 
 50-11 2-82 20-75 3-88 [17-61] 4-73 (below 130 C C. 1 -23) Si0 2 O'lO = 100. 
 
 * Atomic weight = 120. 
 
 The sulphur is assumed to exist as HgS, and is accordinglv deducted with a corre- 
 sponding amount of mercurv. For the remainder the following atomic ratios are then 
 obtained : RO : Sb 2 3 : Sb 2 0.-, = 4:1:5, and Sb.,O B : H 2 1:5. The antimonic acid 
 (Sbo0 5 , 5H 2 0) is again assumed to exist independently as an impurity, and the formula for 
 the remainder written: [Sbo0 3 4(RO)] (Sb^Oo); corresponding to a normal antimonate 
 
 B. B. in 0. F. decrepitates slightly, turns nearlv white, and becomes rounded on the 
 edges; in R.F. gives off antimony fumes, accompanied with a greenish blue flame. In 
 
12 APPENDIX III. 
 
 the closed tube gives off water, metallic mercury, black mercury sulphide, and a little anti- 
 mony trioxide ; in the open tube metallic mercury is deposited, and also more antimony 
 trioxide, the fumes of sulphur dioxide passing off. On charcoal a white antimoniai sub- 
 limate, and with soda antimony is obtained in metallic beads. With borax in 0. F. a 
 clear colorless glass, which in R.F. becomes turbid. 
 
 From Huitzuco, State of Guerrero, Mexico. Associated with livingstonite, from the 
 decomposition of which it has been formed. Named after Sr. Mariano Barcena, the Mexi- 
 can mineralogist. [That the original material examined is, as assumed, a mixture, cannot 
 be questioned, but that the true nature of the compounds present has been, or in fact 
 can be, definitely settled so as to establish beyond doubt the nature of a new species seems 
 very .improbable.] 
 
 BARETTITE. App. I., p. 3. 
 
 BARITE, Min., p. 616; App. II., p. 6. Cryst., v. KokscJiarof, Min. Russl., vii., 25, 1875. 
 Calafuria, near Leghorn, Italy, Uzietti, Ace. Line. Mem., II., iii., 611, 1876. Valle della 
 Sterza, Tuscany, D'AcUardi, Ace. Soc. Tosc., iii., 160, 1877. Groth, Min.-Samml. 
 Strassburg, p. 142, 1878. Muzsaj, Hungary (wolnyn), Schmidt, Z. Kryst., iii., 428, 1879. 
 Swoszowice, Galicia/ Vrba, Z. Kryst., v., 433, 1881. 
 
 Effect of change of temperature on indices of refraction, Arzruni, Z. Kryst., i., 71, 1877. 
 
 Anal., earthy barite, St. Louis, Mo., Konig, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1876, 156. 
 Last Chance Mine, Morgan Co., Mo., Broadhead, Am. J. Sc., III., xiii., 419, 1877. 
 
 BARSOWITE, Min., p. 340. Re-examined microscopically by Bauer and analyzed by 
 Friederici, and shown to have the composition of anorthite, with which it does not, how- 
 ever, in all respects correspond; G. = 2-584 after deduction for the corundum present, J. 
 Min., 1880, ii., 63. 
 
 BARTHOLOMITE. App. II., p. 6. 
 
 Barylite. C. W. Blomstrand, Geol. For. Forh., iii., 128, 1876. 
 
 In groups of prismatic crystals, more or less tabular in habit. Two distinct cleavages 
 forming an angle of about 84. H. = 7. G. = 4*03. Lustre greasy. Colorless. Semi- 
 transparent. Analysis : 
 
 SiOo Al a Oa FeoO a BaO PbO CaO MgO OuO Bi-,0 3 ign 
 (!) 34-36 16-02 0-98 46*23 0'93 0-68 027 0-09 0-19 0-15 = 99-90. 
 
 Formula calculated: Ba 4 [A1 2 ] 2 Si,0 24 , which requires: Si0 2 33'94, A1 3 8 16-61, BaO 
 49-45 = 100. B. B. infusible; not attacked by acid. Named from fttxpvt heavy, and A/3oS 
 stone. Occurs with hedyphane in crystalline limestone at Langban, in Wermland, Sweden. 
 [A mineral of so unusual composition deserves to be more thoroughly described on the 
 crystallographical side.] 
 
 BARYTOCALCITE, Min., p. 701. Anal, (by Lundstrom), corresponding to CaC0 3 + BaC0 3 , 
 Langban, Sweden, Sjogren, Geol. For. Forh., iii., 289, 1876. According to Des Cloizeaux 
 (Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 95, 1881), the mineral analyzed by Lundstrom is rhombohedral with a 
 cleavage angle of about 105. 
 
 BARYTOCELESTITE. See Celestite, p. 21, and App. II., p. 7. 
 Baryturanite Uranocircite, p. 127. 
 
 BASTITE, Min., 469. Anal., Elba, Pisani, C. R., Ixxxiii., July 10, 1876. 
 BASTNASITE. See Tysonite, p. 126, and App. I., p. 2. 
 
 BEAUXITE, Min., p. 174; App. II., p. 7. Analyses, Feistritz and Nassau, showing wide 
 variation in composition, Henntsrh, Inaug. Diss., Breslau, 1879 (Z. Kryst., iv., 642, 1880). 
 Age, origin, etc., Dieulafait, C. R., xciii., 804, 1881. 
 
APPENDIX III. 13 
 
 I 
 
 Beccarite. See Zirkon, p. 134. 
 
 Beegerite. Konig, Am, Chem. Journ., ii., 379, 1881 (or Z. Kryst., v., 322). 
 
 Isometric, in elongated crystals; also massive. Cleavage cubic. G. = 7 '273. Color light 
 to dark gray. Lustre brilliant metallic. Mean of 4 partial analyses, after deduction 
 of quartz (2*0 p. c.): 
 
 S Bi Pb Cu 
 
 14-97 20-59 64-23 1'70 = 10-49. 
 
 This corresponds nearly to Pb 6 Bi 2 S 9 or 6PbS + Bi 2 S 3 = S 14-78, Bi 21-36, Pb 63-84. 
 B. B. decrepitates, giving on charcoal reactions for lead and bismuth. Dissolves readily in 
 warm HC1. From the Baltic Lode, near Grant P. 0., Park Co., Colorado. Named after 
 Mr. Hermann Beeger, of Denver. 
 
 BERAUNITE ELEONORITE, Nies, xix. Ber. Oberhess. Ges. Nat.-u. Heilk., p. Ill, 1880. 
 Streng, J. Min., 1881, i., 102. 
 
 Monoclinic crystals, tabular (i^i) and prismatic (in direction of b), in habit similar to some 
 crystals of lazulite from Georgia. Axes c : b : a 4-0157 : 1 : 2-755. ft = 48 33'. A i-i = 
 131 27', i-i A 1 104 24 ; 1 A 1 (clinodiag.) = 39 56'. Twins with i-i^ as twinning 
 plane, also penetration twins. Cleavage i-i. Often in druses, and in radiated foliated 
 crusts (Streng). H. = 3-4. Lustre vitreous, on i-i inclining to pearly. ' Color red brown 
 to dark hyacinth red. Streak yellow, strongly dichroic. 
 
 Analyses by Streng: 1, crystals; 2, radiated coating on limonite : 
 
 P 2 5 Fe 2 3 H 2 
 
 1. 31-88 51-94 16-37 = 100-19. 
 
 2. 31-78 52-05 10-56 = 100-39. 
 
 Formula [Fe a ] 3 P 4 0, 9 , 8H 2 0, or 2 [Fe a ] P 2 8 + [Fe 2 ] H 6 fl + 5 aq B. B. fuses easily to 
 a black bead metallic in appearance, crystalline on cooling. Easily soluble in HC1. Occurs 
 on limonite at the Eleonore mine on the Dunsbcrg, near Giessen, and at the liothlaufchen 
 mine near Waldgirmes, in the same region. 
 
 Streng (1. c.) calls attention to the close relation of eleonorite to beraunite from St. 
 Benigna, Bohemia (Min.. p. 558). The following are analyses of the original beraunite: 
 1. Tschermak, Ber. Ak. Wien, xlix., 341, 1864; 2, 3. Boricky, ib., Ivi., 11, 1867; 4. Frenzel, 
 from Scheibenberg, Saxony, J. Min., 1873, 23. 
 
 P,0 5 Fe 2 3 H 2 
 
 1. St. Benigna 30'5 55-0 14'0 Na 2 1-5 = 101. 
 
 2. " 30-2 55-8 15-1 = 101. 
 
 3. " 28-99 55-98 14-41 = 99-38. 
 
 4. Soheibenberg 28 "65 54-50 16'55 = 99'70. 
 
 Streng shows that in composition the St. Benigna mineral is nearly identical with 
 eleonorite, but regards the differences in physical characters too great to allow of their 
 being united. The mineral of Frenzel seems to have a different crystalline form. 
 
 Bertrand (Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 88, 1881), has subjected both the beraunite and eleonorite 
 to a new examination, and concludes that in angles, dichroism and optical qualities they 
 are the same. There would seem consequently to be little doubt of their identity. 
 
 Bergamaskite. See Amphibote, p. 5. 
 
 Bernardinite. Described as a new fossil resin from San Bernardino, Cal. , by J. M. 
 Stillman (Am. J. Sc., III., xviii., 57, 1879); since shown by him to be an exudation from a 
 species of conifer, which has received its particular characters from exposure to the atmos- 
 phere (ib., xx., 93, 1880). 
 
 BERYL, Min., p. 245; App. II., p. 7. Cryst, Eidsvold, Norway, Websky, Min. Mitth., 
 1876, 117. Alexander Co., N. C., Hidden, Am. J. Sc., III., xxi., 159 ; xxii., 24, 1881. 
 
14 APPENDIX III. 
 
 I 
 
 Santa Fe, Bogota, New Granada, Vrba, Z. Kryst,, v., 430, 1881. Gold sands of the Ural, 
 JV. v. Kokscharof, Jr., Bull. Ac. St. Pet., xxvii., 35, 1881 (or Min. Kussl., viii., 223). 
 
 Pyro-electrical properties, Hanlcel, Pogg. Ann., clvii., 161, 1876. Specific gravity of 
 different specimens, Church, Geol. Mag., 11., ii., 320, 1875. 
 
 Occurrence of emeralds of unusual size (one crystal 10 inches long) and beauty of color, 
 in Alexander Co., N. C., Hidden, Am. J. Sc., xxii., 489, 1881. 
 
 Mallard (Ann. Min., VII., x., 148, 1876) describes the optical anomalies observed in 
 crystals of beryl, and concludes that it is pseudo-hexagonal, the individuals of which a 
 crystal is made up being orthorhombic ; the relations are regarded as similar to those in 
 apatite. See also Des Cloizeaux, Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 94, 1881. 
 
 Atlerberg (Geol. For. Forh., ii., 405, 1874) uses the name PSEUDO-EMERALD (pseudo- 
 smaragd) to designate a mineral resulting from the alteration of beryl. The name was 
 introduced by Berzelius for pseudomorphous crystals, consisting, as he regarded it, of 
 ordinary beryl and mica. Atterberg retains the name for the hard portion of similar 
 pseudomorphs, which, however, he finds to be not true beryl. Its characters are : hard- 
 ness 5-5 ; G. = 2'70 ; lustre waxy; color dark grayish green ; fracture splintery. Inti- 
 mately mixed with mica scales. Analyses: 1, 2, the latter on material not entirely free 
 from mica : 
 
 Si0 2 A1 2 3 BeO FeO MgO KoO EUO 
 
 1. 57-32 17-46 13-11 0-30 0'32 7'82 3-64 = 99-97. 
 
 2. 56-23 19-05 12'55 0'18 0'50 7'45 4-83 = 100-79. 
 
 If the water is considered basic, the ratio for bases to silica is 2 : 3. The mineral differs 
 from ordinary beryl in having lost part of its silica and gained potash and water ; the 
 alumina and glucina are sensibly unchanged. Prom Kararfvet, near Fahlun, Sweden. 
 
 Grattarola (liiv. Scientif.-industr., No. 19, 1880, Florence) has given the name ROSTERITE 
 to a mineral which he regards as a distinct variety of beryl. It occurs in short prismatic to 
 tabular doubly-terminated crystals. Basal plane rounded, and apparently formed of many 
 planes of varying position, belonging to the second series. In polarized light a basal sec- 
 tion is divided into six sectors, corresponding to the prismatic edges, for the three alternate 
 of which the extinction is the same. Biaxial interference figures (angle 15") observed, the 
 extinction plane in part parallel to the prism, in part inclined from 3T to 7. Color pale 
 rose red. Analyses : 1, 2, from the respective ends of a crystal, which had a nucleus of 
 normal beryl (anal. 3) ; 4, "typical rosterite." 
 
 Si0 2 Al 2 0s BeO MgO CaO Na 2 0,K 2 Li 2 H 2 
 
 1. G. =277 61-97 21-93 8'62 1'26 0-42 '"undetT^ . . . . undet. 
 
 2. G. =2-74 60-26 2118 9-71 1-57 2-55 undet. -58 tr. 3-07= 98'92. 
 
 3. G. =277 62-88 1 7-09 (?) 15-97 (?) 2-62 2'99 undet 2 32 = 103-87. 
 
 4. G. =2-75 61-34 23-20 8 -81 0'50 2-19 rOO .... 2'03 = 99-07. 
 
 t 
 
 [The reasons for regarding this as a distinct variety of beryl are : its crystalline habit, its 
 optical character, and the variation in chemical composition. To the first, however, no 
 weight can be given, and as little to the second, since analogous optical anomalies have 
 been previously observed in ordinary beryl ; as to the composition, further careful analy- 
 ses are needed to establish that point. ] Locality, Island of Elba. 
 
 BERZELIITE, Min., p. 544 W. Lindgren (Geol. For Forh., v., 552, 1881) states that the 
 hitherto accepted description of berzeliite is incorrect, in consequence of its having been 
 confounded with another mineral which occurs at Langban, associated with it. The char- 
 acters of true berzeliite are : 
 
 Massive ; isometric (Sjogren, Geol. For. Forh., ii., 533, 1875, and A. Wichmann, Z. 
 Kryst., v., 105, 1880) ; no distinct cleavage. II. =5. G. = 4-07-4-09. Lustre resinous. 
 Color honey yellow to sulphur yellow. Transparent to translucent. Fracture semi-eon- 
 choidal. Brittle. B. B. fuses rather easily to a brown bead. . Soluble in hydrochloric and 
 nitric acids. Occurs imbedded in small grains in a granular calcite ; with calcite in haus- 
 mannite and in braunite; with caryinite. Sometimes of a green color, from minute inclosed 
 hausmannite crystals. 
 
 There also occurs at Langban another arsenate, having the following characters : Mass- 
 
APPENDIX III. 15 
 
 ive ; anisotrope, but crystalline system uncertain ; no distinct cleavage. H. = 5. G. = 4'03- 
 4-04; 3-89. Color dirty yellowish white or light sulphur .yellow. An analysis by L. W. 
 McCay gave : As,0 3 02-00, CaO 2000, MgO 12 81, MnO 4- 18, PbO, FeO tr., insol. (SiO,) 
 0-68 = 99-67 ; this corresponds to a simple ortho-arsenate, R 3 As 2 O e . Occurs massive in a 
 light brown tine granular mixture of calcite and manganiferous mica, often penetrated by 
 hausmannite. This mineral is regarded as the one to which the earlier descriptions belong 
 (Min., p. 544), but while optically distinct from berzeliite, their true relation is still very 
 uncertain. 
 
 [The above observations only hicrease the doubts as to the true nature of berzeliite ;'as 
 possibly bearing upon the question as to the relation of the isotrope and anisotrope min- 
 erals mentioned, attention may be called to the fact that Des Cloizeaux has observed iso- 
 tropic varieties of gadolinite and also of homilite, supposed to be due to alteration. J 
 
 See also Garyinite, p. 20. 
 
 BEUDANTITE, Min., p. 589. Optical exam., the same characters belong to the beudantite 
 of Horhausen, of Cork (Adam's corkite), and of Dernbaeh (Adam's dernbachite) ; Bertrand, 
 Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 255, 1881. 
 
 BEYRICHITE. App. I., p. 3. 
 
 Bhreckite (or Vreckite\ ITeddle, Min. Mag., iii., 57, 1879. Fine granular, scaly ; soft 
 and friable. Occurs as a light apple-green coating on quartz crystals. An analysis gave : 
 Si0 2 34-92, AL 2 3 716, Fe 2 3 12-71, FeO 211, MnO 0-41, CaO 16 08, MgO 8*26, H 2 17-77 
 (1-03 at 100 C.) = 99-42 (alkalies in traces). Soluble in HC1. From a cavity in a bowlder 
 of syenitic granite, found on the hill of Ben Bhreck, near Tongue, in Sutherland, Scot- 
 land. [Provisionally named on the ground that "the substance may prove to be anew 
 mineral " needs further examination. No sufficient proof of the homogeneity of the mate- 
 rial analyzed is given.] 
 
 BIEIROSITE. App. II., p. 7. 
 
 BINDHEIMITE, Min., p. 591. Anal., Sevier Co., Ark., Dunnington, Amer. Assoc., 1877, 
 182; C. E. Wait, Trans. Am. Inst. Min. Eng., viii., 50, 1880. 
 
 
 
 BINNITE, Min., p. 90; App. II., p. 7. Cryst., Binnenthal, Ilessenberg, Min. Not.,xii., 
 6, 1875; W. J. Lewis, Z. Kryst., ii., 192, 1878. 
 
 BIOTITE. See Mica Group, p. 77. 
 
 Bischofite. See Chloromagnesite, p. 25. 
 
 
 BISMITE, Min., p. 785 ; App. II., p. 7. 
 
 BISMUTH, Min , p. 19; App. II., p. 7. Cryst., Schneeberg, Fletcher, Phil. Mag., V., ix., 
 185, 1880. 
 Anal, (with galenite), Mossgrufva, Nordmark, Sjogren, Geol. For. Forh., iv., 106, 1878. 
 
 BISMUTHIXITE, Min., p. 30; App. II., p. 7. Cryst.. Tazna, Bolivia, Groth, Z. Kryst., 
 v., 252, 1880. 
 
 Anal., Choroloque, Bolivia, Domeyko, 6th App. Min. Chili, p. 22, 1878. 
 
 BISMUTITE, Min., p. 716 ; App. II., p. l. WeisbacJi (Jahrb. Berg.-Hutt., 1877) has de- 
 scribed a supposed new bismuth carbonate under the name of BISMUTOSPILERITE. Occurs 
 in spherical forms with concentric structure, fine fibrous, radiated. H. =3. G. 7'28- 
 7'32. Color bright yellow to blackish brown, different in successive layers. Streak yellow- 
 ish gray. An analysis gave Winkler : C0 2 8 97, Bi 2 3 88'58, quartz 0-98 = 97'83. For- 
 mula calculated Bi,C0 5 (= Bi,C 3 9 + 2Bi,0 3 ), which requires C0 2 8'66, Bi 2 3 91 '34 = 100 
 [but uncertain, as the analysis shows a considerable loss] ; found at Neustadtel, near 
 Schneeberg, Saxony. Weisbach states that this mineral is the original Arsenik-wismuth of 
 
16 APPENDIX III. 
 
 Brcithanpt ; Frenzel previously described what he regarded as Breithaupt's mineral under 
 the name of agricolite (App. II., p. 1). 
 
 Other analyses of bismuth carbonates have been made by Carnot (C. R., Ixxix., 304, 
 1874) of the mineral from Meymac, Correze, he found Bi. 2 O 3 86-90 p. c., C0 2 314-6-43, 
 H 2 1 -94-4 '86. He distinguishes three types : 1 (anal. 1), grayish white, somewhat foli- 
 ated ; 2 (anal. 2), dark gray, slightly greenish, fibrous ; 3 (anal. 3), white, earthy, with 
 yellowish spots. Anal. 4 by Frenzel (J. Min., 1873, 801, 946), from San Luis Potosi, 
 Mexico (see also Barcena, Rev. Cientif. Mex., i., 8, Dec., 1879). Anal. 5 by Liversidge, 
 with stream tin from Pond's Creek, New South Wales (Pl-oc. Roy. Soc. N. S. W., Nov. 3, 
 1880). Anal. 6 by Winkler, quoted by Weisbach (J. Min., 1880, ii., 112), from Neustadtel, 
 Gr. 6 '12-6 '27, pseudomorph after native bismuth. 
 
 CO 2 Bi 2 O 3 H 2 O PbO FeO CaO MgO As 2 O 5 Sb 2 O 5 SO 3 HC1 gangue 
 
 1. Meymac, G. = 6'94 3'74 89'75 2'76 0'55 0'53 0'35 tr. 073 0'57 0'25 0'37 0'20 = 99'80. 
 
 2. " G. =7-26 4-15 87'50 3'55 0'44 0'50 0'55 0'07 0'8U 1-25 0'22 0'20 0'30 =99-53. 
 
 3. " G. =7-08 5-35 86'90 3'02 0'40 0'43 0'38 005 0'65 T20 0'13 0'14 MO = 99'75. 
 
 4. San Luis, G. =7'59 7'00 90'10 1'80, SO 3 0'27, gangne 0'30 = 99'47. 
 
 5. Pond's Creek 5'43 76-06 [11 -84], SiO 2 4'69, A1 2 O 3 (Fe 2 O 3 tr.) 1-98 = 100. 
 
 6. Neudstadtel, G. = 6-20 2'91 95'90 1 -04 = 99-85. 
 
 [These analyses show a wide variation, due chiefly, without doubt, to the impurity of 
 the material analyzed. Frenzel's mineral is rather near the bismutosphaerite of Weisbach, 
 which last seems to be distinct from the other minerals ; if the loss (see anal.) is not water, 
 it is an anhydrous carbonate.] 
 
 The bismuth carbonate described by Yogi as occurring at Joachimsthal (Min., p. 717, 
 753 A), since called WALTHERITE, includes, according to Bertrand (Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 58, 
 1881) two species, the one brown, the other green, optically unlike. 
 
 BlSMUTOFERBITE. App. I., p. 3 J II., p. 7. 
 
 Bjelkite. See Cosalite, p. 81. 
 Blackmorite. See Opal, p. 86. 
 
 BLENDE. See Sphalerite, p. 111. 
 
 
 
 BLODITE, Min., p. 643 ; App. II., p. 8. Cryst.. Pendsehab, India, Schimper, Z. Kryst., 
 i, 71, 1877. 
 
 Occurrence at Ischl, Min. Mitth., 1877, 97. 
 
 Blomstrandite. Lindstrom, Geol. For. Forh., ii., 162, 1874. 
 
 Massive. H. = 5-5. Gr. = 4'17-4'25. Lustre vitreous. Color black. Powder coffee 
 brown. Opaque, only translucent in very thin splinters. 
 
 Cb 2 5 Ta 2 5 TiO ? UO FeO CaO H 2 O 
 
 1. 49-76 10-71 23-68 3'33 3'45 7 96, MgO 0'16, A1 2 O 3 O'll, MnO 0'04, precip. by H 2 S 0'12 = 99'32. 
 
 2. 6077~~ 23-37 3'39 3'04 8'17,* MgO tr. MnO 0'06, precip. by H 2 S 0'20 = 99. 
 
 * At 100 2-78 (in another trial 2'65), above 100 5"39. 
 
 The atomic ratio of R : Cb, Ti = 1 : 2;5, and for Ti : Cb = 1 : 2 -75. B. B. fuses with 
 difficulty. Gives off water in the closed tube. With borax in 0. F. a reddish yellow, on cool- 
 ing a yellow bead ; in R. F. reddish brown. With salt of phosphorus in 0. F. a red 
 brown bead when hot, and yellow when cold ; in R. F. reddish yellow hot, and green 
 cold. 
 
 Found very sparingly with nohlite (App. II., p. 41) in a feldspar quarry, at Nohl, Sweden. 
 Named for Prof. C. W. Blomstrand of Lund. [Apparently distinct from other known 
 minerals of this group, but needs further examination.] 
 
 Bolivite. Domeylco, 6th App. Min. Chili, p. 19, 1878. Described in some detail as a 
 bismuth oxysulphide, Bi 2 O 3 with Bi 2 S 3 . It is derived from the oxidation of the sulphide 
 bismuthinite, and is of very uncertain composition. The description would apply to a mix- 
 
APPENDIX III. 
 
 17 
 
 ture of the oxide with the original sulphide, which is enclosed in it. and it is very improb- 
 able that they are in chemical combination. The uncertain character of the mineral seems 
 to have been later accepted by Domeyko, for in the 3d Ed. of his Mineralogy (1879, p. 304) 
 the occurrence is only mentioned briefly, and without any name. Locality, mines of Tazna, 
 in the province of Choroloque, Bolivia. 
 
 BOMBICCITE. App. II., p. 8. 
 
 BORACITE, Min., p. 595; App. II.. p. 8. The question as to the true explanation of the 
 long recognized "optical anomalies" of boracite has been recently discussed by Mallard, 
 Ann. Min., VII., x., 93, 1876; and Bull. Soc. Min., ii., 147; E. Geinitz, J. Min., 1876, 
 484; 1877, 394; Baumhauer, Z. Kryst., iii., 337, 1879; Klein, J. Min., 1880, ii., 209; 1881, 
 i., 239. 
 
 Geinitz shows that (contrary to the earlier explanation) unaltered boracite is anisotropic ; 
 Mallard makes the species pseudo-isometric, explaining the optical phenomena by the 
 grouping of twelve orthorhombic individuals (as remarked by Klein this hypothesis was 
 proposed by Hartmann in 1826). Baurnhauer reaches a conclusion somewhat similar to that 
 of Mallard on the basis of the results of etching experiments. Klein, however, seems to 
 settle the question conclusively in favor of the true isometric character of the species. He 
 shows, for example, that the interior optical structure does not .correspond to the exterior 
 planes; that the distribution of the etching figures does not depend on the interior optical 
 limits ; and further, that upon an increase of temperature the former optical limits dis- 
 appear or become indistinct, and that the optical fields change their position without affect- 
 ing the form of the etching figures. He concludes that all the optical anomalies can be 
 explained by the internal tension produced in the course of the growth of the crystal. 
 
 BORAX. Min., p. 597; App. II., p. 8. 
 
 BORDOSITE. See Amalgam, p. 4; also App. II., p. 8. 
 
 BORNITE, Min., p. 94; App. II., p. 8. Analyses from Swedish localities quoted by Cleve, 
 Geol. For. Forh., ii., 526, 1875. Relation to magnetite discussed, Nordenstrom, ib., iv., 
 341, 1878. 
 
 BOULANGERITE. Min., p. 99; App. II., p. 8. 
 
 BOURXONITE, Min., p. 96; App. II., p. 8. Cryst. Przibram and Waldenstein, v. Ze- 
 pharovich, Lotos, 1876 (J. Min., 1876, 555, 556). Nagyag, vom Rath, Z. Kryst., i., 602, 
 1877. Horhausen, etc., Groth, Min.-Samml. Strassbiirg, p. 61, 1878. Neudorf, Harz, 
 v. Kokscharof, Min. Russl., viii., 123, 1881. 
 
 Anal., Przibram, Helmhacker, Min. Mitth., 1875, 86. 
 
 BOUSSINGAULTITE, Min., p. 635; App. II., p. 8. A related salt analyzed by Goldsmith, 
 Proc, Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1876, 264. 
 
 BOWENITE, Min., p. 465. From New Zealand, Berwerth, Ber. Ak. Wien, Ixxx., 116, 1879. 
 
 Bowlingite. J. B. Hannay, Min. Mag., i., 154, 1877. 
 
 Massive, consisting of minute crystals. Soft, feel like steatite. G. 2 '282-2 290. 
 Color deep green. In thin sections' semi-transparent. Analyses: 1, 2, 3, 4, Hannay; 5, 
 Young, Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow, ii., 212: 
 
 1. Bowling G. - 2-282 
 
 2. 
 
 3. Cuthbin G. = 2 29 
 
 4. 
 
 5. Cathcart 
 
 Analysis 5, by Young, is said to have been made on the same material as that examined 
 by Hannay! Found at Bowling, near Dumbarton, on the Clyde, and from the Cuthbin hills, 
 
 Si0 2 
 
 A1 2 3 
 
 Fe,0 3 
 
 FeO 
 
 MgO 
 
 CaC0 3 
 
 H 2 
 
 
 
 34-32 
 
 18-07 
 
 3-65 
 
 6-81 
 
 9-57 
 
 5-14 
 
 22-70 
 
 
 
 10026. 
 
 35-08 
 
 16-85 
 
 3-92 
 
 6-95 
 
 10-22 
 
 4-89 
 
 21-85 
 
 =s 
 
 99-76. 
 
 35-66 
 
 1509 
 
 5-22 
 
 702 
 
 12-41 
 
 5-02 
 
 19-89 
 
 
 
 100*31. 
 
 35-82 
 
 16-14 
 
 4-85 
 
 6-99 
 
 11-73 
 
 4-87 
 
 1963 
 
 
 
 100-03. 
 
 31 95 
 
 15-40 
 
 
 
 21-40 
 
 20-95 
 
 4-30 
 
 [6.30] 
 
 
 
 100-00. 
 
18 APPENDIX in. 
 
 Scotland, where it forms little veins in dolerite, being intimately associated with chryso- 
 lite, from which it may have been formed. Heddle (Trans. Soc. Edinb., xxix., 97, 1879), 
 f'.ves two analyses of the original mineral, of which the following is one: Si0 2 38*08, 
 Io0 3 6-26, Fe 2 3 4'36, FeO 4'97, MnO 0'23, CaO 297, MgO 21 -46, K.,0 0'95, Na,0 (HI, 
 H 2 20-48 = 99-97 (H 2 at 100, 12'31). He concludes that Hannay's analyses were 
 erroneous, and that the mineral is really a saponite. [The describer suggests a doubt as to 
 the purity of the original material, which is a suggestion the accuracy of which no one 
 will question.] 
 
 Brackebuschite. See Des Cloizite, p. 36. 
 
 BRAUNITE, Min., p. 163. Anal., Nagpur, India, F. R. Mallet, Rec. G-eol. Surv. India, 
 xii., 73, 1879. See also Pyrolusite, p. 99. 
 
 Bravaisite. E. Mallard, Bull. Soc. Min., i., 5, 1878. 
 
 Orthorhombic (on optical grounds) ; in thin layers and schistose masses consisting of fine 
 crystalline fibres, mostly parallel in position. H. 1-2. G. 2'6. Color gray to greenish 
 gray. Double refraction negative, strong; 2 E a = 40. Unctuous to the touch. Paste- 
 like when wet. Analysis : 
 
 Si0 2 Al 2 0s Fco0 3 CaO MgO KnO H.,0 
 
 51-4 18-9 4-0 2-0 3-3 6-5 13'3 = 99-4. 
 
 The formula deduced, after the deduction of the iron as due to the presence of pyrites, 
 is R 2 [Al 2 ] 2 Bi 9 2B + 8 aq. B. B. fuses easily to a white glass. In the closed tube gives 
 off water and becomes brown. Partially attacked by acids. Found in layers in the coal 
 and bituminous schists of Noyant (Allier Dept.), France. Named after the French crystal- 
 lographer M. Bravais. [Near some varieties of glauconite.] 
 
 BREISLAKITE, Min., p. 216. According to v. Lasaulx (J. Min., 1878, 380), to be referred 
 to amphibole instead of to pyroxene. 
 
 BREUNERITE, Min., p. 686. Cryst., v. XoJcscharof, Min. Russl., vii., 181, 221, 1878. 
 
 BROCHANTITE, Min., p. 664; App. II., p. 9. Optical properties determined (orthorhom- 
 bic?), Bertrand, Bull Soc. Min., iii., 56, 1880. 
 
 From Pisco, Peru, anal, by Mannington, Sepimons, Min. Mag., iv., 259, 1881. 
 Made artificially, Meunier, C. R., Ixxxvi., 686, 1878. 
 
 BRONZITE, Min., p. 208; App. II., p. 9. Anal., Dun Mt., New Zealand, Hilger, J. Min., 
 1879, 129. 
 
 BROOKITE, Min., p. 164; App. II., p. 9. Mallard (Ann. Min., VII., x., 134, 1876), 
 regards the three forms of titanium dioxide brookite, octahedrite, and rutile as having the 
 same primitive form (monoclinic), and argues that the differences between the species, in 
 the forms of the crystals and in physical characters, are due to the different ways in which the 
 individuals are grouped together. Schrauf (Ber. Ak. Wien, Ixxiv., 535, 1876), after an 
 extended study of crystals from different localities, concludes that they are all monoclinic 
 and isomorphous with wolframite; he, however, distinguishes among them three types 
 varying in the crystallographic constants (this result was announced earlier, see App. II., p. 9 ; 
 also J. Min., 1877, 800; 1878, 50). Later (Z. Kryst., i., 274, 1877) he discusses the optical 
 characters of the species in their relation to the crystalline system. The conclusions of 
 Schrauf are questioned by Groth (Min -Samml. Strassburg, 109, 1878), and measurements 
 by Bucking are quoted agreeing with the orthorhombic form. Voni Rath earlier (1 ogg. 
 Ann., clviii., 405, 1876) found crystals from Atliansk to be orthorhombic. 
 
 See also PseudobrooJcite, p. 97. 
 
 BRUCITE, Min., p. 175; App. II., p. 9. Pyro-electrical properties, Hanket, Wied. Ann., 
 vi., 53, 1879. Calculation of the indices of refraction by a method based upon the measured 
 diameters of the rings observed in the axial interference figures in a plate of known tnicK- 
 ness, Bauer, Ber. Ak. Berlin, 1881, 958. 
 
APPENDIX in. 19 
 
 An anal, of a partially decomposed brucite from Siebenlehn, near Freiberg, gave Peter- 
 sen: MgO 38-92, FeO 18-73, CO, 7-38, H 2 30-46, SiO, 4-15, A1 2 3 , CaO tr. = 99 64. 
 After deducting the Si0 2 as quartz, and 24-49 p. c. hydromagnesite believed to be present 
 as a decomposition product, and after calculating the remainder to 100, the result is MgO 
 3989, FeO 24-92, H.,0 35-19 = 100. This is called EISENBRUCIT. Sandberger, J. Min., 
 1880, ii., 288. 
 
 Bunsenin. See Krennerite, p. 66. 
 BUSTAMENTITE. App. II., p. 9. 
 BYERITE. App. II., p. 9. 
 BYTOWNITE. App. II., p. 9. 
 
 CABRERITE, Min., p. 561; App. II., p. 9. From zinc mines, Laurium, Greece, opt. 
 exam, by Des Cloizeaux, showing isomorphism with erythrite ; anal, by Damon?; corre- 
 sponding to the formula R 3 As 2 M + 8 aq. : As 2 O 5 41-40, NiO 28'72, CoO tr., FeO 2-01, MgO 
 4-64, H 2 23-11 = 99-88 (Bull. Soc. Min., i., 75, 1878). 
 
 CACHEUTAITE. App. II., p. 9. 
 
 CACHEUTITE. Domeyko, Min. Chili, 3d ed., p. 402, 1879. See App. II., p. 9, and Syst. 
 Min., p. 798. 
 
 CACHOLONG, Min., p. 199; App. II., p. 9. Nordenskiold, (Efv. Ak. Stockholm, xxxi., 
 May 13, 1874. 
 
 CACOXENITE, Min., p. 584; App. II., p. 9. Anal, by Nies of a related mineral from the 
 Eleonore mine, near Giessen, Streng, J. Min., 1881, i., 108. 
 
 CALAMINE, Min., p. 407; App. II. p. 9. Cryst., Altenberg, Seligmann, Z. Kryst, i., 
 342, 1877. 
 
 According to Pack (Groth, Tabell. Uebers. Min., 1882, p. 84), unchanged at 340 C., and 
 loses water only at a red heat. 
 
 CALAVERITE, Min., p. 795; App. II., p. 9. Anal., Keystone and Mountain-Lion mines, 
 Colorado, Genth, Am. Phil. Soc., Philad., xvii., 117, 1877 (or Z. Kryst., ii., 6): Te 57'32, 
 Au 33-75, Ag3-03, V 2 O y 005, FeO 030, Al a 8 , MgO, etc, 0'55 = 100 (4-96 p. c. quartz 
 deducted). Formula (Au, Ag) Te,,, with Au : Ag 7 : 1, this requires Te 57 '93, Au 39-01, 
 Ag3-06. Occurs in small imperfect crystals, imbedded in quartz. H. = 2'5. G. = 9.043. 
 
 See also Krennerite, p. 66. 
 
 CALCITE, Min., p. 670; App. II, p. 9 Cryst., Hessenberg, Min. Not, xii., 13 et sea., 
 1875. v. Kokscharof, Min. Russl., vii., 59, 1875. Brigels, Tavetsch, Kloos, J. Min., 1816, 
 413. Yellowstone Park, coated with quartz crystals in parallel position, E. S. Dana, Am 
 J. Bo., Ill, xii., 448, 1876, or Z. Kryst., i., 39. Ahrenthal, Tyrol, vom Rath, Pogg. Ann., 
 civ., 48, 1875; Elba, etc., Pogg. Ann, clviii., 414, 1876; Bergen Hill, N. J., id., Z. 
 Kryst, i, 604, 1877; Brazil, twins (pseudomorph), id., Z. Kryst., ii., 187, 1878. Groth, 
 JV ~ "S- btrassbur > P- H9, 1878. Reichenstein, Silesia, Hare, Z. Kryst, iv., 299, 
 1879. Bleiberg v. Zepharovich, Lotos, 1878. Lancashire, vom Rath, Ber. nied. Ges. 
 Bonn, Jan. 3, 1881. 
 
 Monograph with list of observed and of new planes on crystals from many localities, 
 Irby, Inaug. Diss., Bonn, 1878 (Abstr. in Z Kryst , iii.. 612, 1879) 
 
 Twinning (~$R) produced artificially, Baumhauer, Z. Kryst, iii., 588, 1879; Brezina, 
 ID., iv., olo, 1880. 
 
 Thermo-electric properties investigated, Hankel, Pogg. Ann, clvii., 156, 1876 On the 
 relation between the different crystalline forms, Scharff, Abhandl. Senck. Ges., x , 1876; 
 Jahresb. Senck. Ges, 1879-80, p. 113. 
 
 Langban, Sweden, anal., CaC0 3 87-14, MnC0 3 10 "06, BaC0 3 204 = 99'24, Sjogren, 
 
20 APPENDIX III. 
 
 Geol., For. Forh., iv., Ill, 1878. Lindgren found 1-09 p. c. ZnC0 3 in calcite from Lang- 
 ban, ib., v., 557, 1881. Anal of so-called onyx from Tecali, Mexico, Damour, C. R, 
 Ixxxii., 1085, 1876; Barcena, Proc. Am. Nat Sc. Phil., 1876, 166. Analyses of calcite 
 and other rhombohedral carbonates, Heddle, Trans. Acad. Ed., xxvii., 493, 1876. 
 
 " Isomorphism " with soda nitre and relation to the other rhombohedral carbonates dis- 
 cussed, Tschermak, Min. Petr. Mitth., iv., 99, 1881. 
 
 See also Thinotite, p. 51. 
 
 Calcozincite. Shepard, Contrib. Min., Amherst, 1876 (Am. J. Sc., III., xii., 231). A 
 substance described as having a fine granular to columnar structure, light orange yellow 
 color. H. = 35. G. = 3-95. Anal.: ZnO 81'00, CaO 7'56, CO, 5 '80, EUO 4'26, MnO 
 tr. =98-62. Effervesces slightly with acid. From Stirling Hill, New Jersey. [5-8 CO 2 
 requires CaO 7 '4 for CaC0 3 the substance is doubtless a mechanical mixture of zincite 
 and calcite.] 
 
 CALEDONITE. Min., p. 625; App. II., p. 10. 
 CALLAINITE. See Variscite, p. 128. 
 
 CALOMEL, Min., p. 111. Cryst., El Doctor, Mexico, Websky, Ber. Ak. Berlin, 1877, 
 461. 
 
 The occurrence of native corrosive sublimate (HgCl 2 ) is reported by Besnou near Iquique, 
 in the desert of Atacama; the determination, however, was based only on some qualitative 
 trials, Assoc. Franc. Adv. Sc., 1878, 533. 
 
 Calvonigrite. See Pyrolusite, p. 99. 
 
 CANCRINITE, Min., p. 329 ; App. II., p. IQ.Rau/ (Z. Kryst., ii., 456, 1878) has sub- 
 jected the original cancrinite of Miask to a thorough microscopic and chemical examina- 
 tion, and A. Koch (J. Min. Beil. Bd., i , 144, 1880) has done the same for that occurring in 
 the syenite of Ditro, Transylvania. Both show that there is every reason, both as regards 
 the physical characters and the constancy of chemical composition, to consider the mineral 
 as an original species, and not as a decomposition product arising from the action on nephe- 
 lite of a carbonated sohition. The observations of Koch on the behavior of a thin section, 
 when treated with HC1, are especially conclusive as showing that the COo is present, not as 
 calcite mechanically mixed, but as a true element in the composition of the silicate. 
 Analyses : 1, Rauff ; 2, Koch : 
 
 Si0 2 Alo0 3 Fe 2 3 CaO Na 2 K 2 CO, H 2 
 
 1. Miask, G. = 2-450, (f) 37'28 28-20 0'44 6'95 17'75 0'20 616 4'03 = 101-01. 
 
 2. Ditro 38-58 28 -72 tr. 5 -24 12-22 5 -23 8~78 = 9877. 
 
 The formula deduced by Rauff is Na H rAl 2 ],Si !) 34 + 2Ca(Na 2 )C0 3 + 3H 2 0, and that of 
 Koch for the Ditro mineral is Na r ,K 2 [A1 2 ] S SinO*, + 2Ca (Na 2 )C0 3 + 4H 2 0. Rauff finds 
 the ratio in the carbonate of Ca : Na 2 = 8:1, and Koch 7 : 1. 
 
 CARBONYTTRINE. App. II., p. 10. 
 CARNALLTTE. Min., p. 118 ; App. II., p. 10. 
 
 CARPHOLITE, App. II., p. 10; Min., p. 419. Anal., Meuvffle, Ardennes, de Koninck, 
 Bull. Ac. Belg., II., xlv., 15, 1878 ; xlvii., 564, 1879. 
 
 Caryinite. C. H. Lundstrom, Geol. For. Forh., ii., 178, 223, 1874. 
 Massive. H. = 3-3 '5. G. = 4-25. Lustre greasy. Color brown to yellowish brown. 
 Streak yellowish white. Fracture splintery. Analysis : 
 
 As 2 0., PbO MnO FeO CaO MgO C0 2 Cl insol. 
 
 47-17 10-52 15-82 0'54 16-40 4'25 3'86 007 06a = 99'28. 
 
APPENDIX III. 21 
 
 This corresponds, though only approximately, to the general formula R 3 As 2 08, after 
 deducting the calcium carbonate. B. B. fuses easily to a black slag, giving reactions for 
 arsenic, lead, and manganese. Dissolves readily, with slight effervescence in nitric acid. 
 Occurs intimately mixed with -calcite and hausmannite, at Langban, Wermland, Sweden. 
 Named from uapvivoS, nut-brown. Sjogrcn remarks that berzeliite occurs with caryinite, 
 and sometimes enclosing it. He finds the berzeliite isotropic (isometric), and the caryinite 
 anisotrope (monoclinic V), and as the two species have analogous composition, he suggests 
 that the former may have been formed from the latter (Geol. For. Forh., ii., 533, 1875).. 
 Lindgren (ib., v., 556, 1881), however, describes the way in which the minerals occur 
 together, and concludes, for certain cases, that the caryinite is altered into berzeliite. 
 [The genetic relation between caryinite and berzeliite merits further examination.] 
 
 According to Des Cloizeaux (Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 56, 1881), the mineral has two cleavages, 
 at an angle of 130. 2E 41 58' to 47. Dispersion p > v , also horizontal (hence mono- 
 clinic). 
 
 CASSINITE. See Feldspar Group, p. 45. 
 
 CASSITERITE, Min., p. 157; App. II., p. 10. Cryst. monograph, with a list of all ob- 
 served planes, also analysis, Becke, Min. Mitth., 1877, 244. Oroth, Min.-Samml., Strass- 
 burg, p. 104, 1878. Schlaggenwald, v. Zepharovich, Lotos, 1880. 
 
 Occurrence of tin stones in Cornwall, Collins, Min. Mag., iv., 1, 103, 1880. From 
 Coosa Co., Ala., Shepard, Am. J. Sc., xx., 56, 1880. From Tasmania, Gould, Q. J. G-. 
 Soc., xxxi., 109, 18. 
 
 CASTILLITE. Not castillite of Rammelsberg (Min., p. 46\ but synonym of guanajuatite 
 (q. v., p. 53}, DomeyJco, Min. Chili, 3d Ed., p. 310, 1879. 
 
 CASTORITE. See Petalitc, p. 91. 
 
 CELADONITE, Min., p. 463. Analyses, in igneous rocks of Scotland, Neddie, Trans. Roy. 
 Soc. Ed., xxix., 102, 1879. 
 
 Celestialite. J. Lawrence Smith, C. R., Ixxxi., 10o5, 1875. On treating the graphite 
 from the interior of the meteoric iron of Sevier, Tenn., with cth^r, Smith obtained 
 small quantities of acicular crystals having a peculiar odor, mixed with some small rounded 
 points. These he regards as identical with crystals obtained from the iron of Alais, France 
 (Mar. 15, 1806), by Roscoe (Proc. Lit, Phil. Soc. Manchester, iii., 57, 1863). Smith has 
 obtained the same crystals from the Alais meteorite. In the closed tube he finds that 'they 
 fuse at 115-120, and at a higher temperature the sulphur is sublimed, and a black residue 
 left behind. He regards these crystals as proof of the presence of a sulpho-hydrocarbon, 
 for which he proposes the name CELESTIALITE. Roscoe (1. c ) found that 1 '94 p. c. of the 
 meteorite dissolved in ether, and from the solution he obtained crystals melting at 114 C., 
 and in two forms : acicular, which he considered as near to konlite (Min., p. 737), and 
 rhombic, which he identified as free sulphur. 
 
 CELESTITE, Min., p. 619 ; App. II., p. 10. Cryst., twins, Sicily, Kennqott, J. Min., 1875, 
 293. Neminw (barytocelestite), Min. Mitth., 1876, 59. Cryst. and optical exam , Jiihnde, 
 near Gottingen, Babcock, J. Min., 1879, 835. Perticara, Schmidt, J. Min., 1881, ii., 169 
 rel, (or Z. Kryst., vi., 99). Ville-sur-Saulx, v. Lasaulx, Z. Kryst., v., 203, 1881. 
 
 Effect of heat on indices of refraction, Arzruni, Z. Kryst., i., 177, 1877. Pyro-electrical 
 characters, HanM, Wied. Ann , vi., 54, 1879. 
 
 Anal., occurrence in marl at Bristol, England, Stoddart, Min. Mag., i., 4, 1876. Clifton, 
 England (barytocelestite), Collie, ib., ii., 220, 1879. Found at Bell's Mills, Blair Co., Pa. 
 (not Frankstown, Huntington Co.). Recent formation at Bourbon d'Archambault, de 
 Gouvenain, C. R., Ixxx., 1299, 1875. 
 
 1876 
 
 CENTRALLASSITE, Min> ' p 796 - Composition discussed, How, Phil. Mag., V., i., 128, 
 76. 
 
 CERARCYRITE Min p. 114; App. II, p. 10. A mercurial variety of cerargyrite, from 
 the mine la Julia, of the Cerro de Caracoles, Desert of Atacama, is described by Domeyko 
 
22 APPENDIX m. 
 
 (Ann. d. Min., VII., x., 15, 1876 ; or Min. Chili, 3d Ed., 1879, p. 416). Amorphous, 
 forming irregular masses. Lustre waxy, less brilliant than the pure chloride. Color on 
 the fresh fracture reddish, yellowish, or hair-brown, becoming nearly black on exposure. 
 Malleable and sectile, but less so than ordinary cerargyrite. Can be crushed in a mortar, 
 yielding a bright yellowish powder. The mean of two analyses gave : 
 
 Hg Cl NaCl FeoO 3 SKM'insol.) CaCO s and loss 
 
 2-20 22-64 1-75 1'60 107 [4 -06] =; 100. 
 
 91-53 
 
 According to Moesta, the cerargyrite of Los Bordos, Copiapo, contains 1 '31 p. c. of mer- 
 cury. 
 
 CERBOLITE. App. II., p. 10. 
 
 CERITE, Min., p. 413 ; App. II., p. 10. Anal, by Stolbaand Kettner, of cerite from Bast- 
 nas, giving: Si0 2 18-18, Ce 2 O 3 33'25, La 2 3 + Di 2 3 34'60, FeO 318, CaO 1'69, II 2 5 '18 = 
 96-08, Ber. Bohin. Ges., p. 372, 1879. 
 
 CERUSSITE, Min., p. 700 ; App. II., p. 11. Cryst., twins, Sadebeck, Pogg. Ann., clvi., 
 558, 18 15. Groth, Min.-Samml., Strassburg, p. 138, 1878. Rodna, Transylvania, Vrba, 
 Z. Kryst., ii., 157, 1878 ; Krenner, ib., ii., 304. Mine Friedrichssegen, near Ems, Nassau, 
 Seligmann, Verh. Nat. Ver. Bonn, xxxiii., 244, 1876, and xxxv., 175, 1878 ; also J. Min., 
 1880, i., 137. Bleiberg, v. Zepharovich, Lotos, 1878. 
 
 Recent formation at Pompeii, de Luca, C. Ii., Ixxxiv., 1457, 1877. 
 
 CERVANTITE, Min., p. 187. Occurrence in Sevier Co., Ark., Dunnington, Amer. Assoc., 
 1877, 182. 
 
 CHABAZITE, Min., p. 434; App. II., p. 11. Becfa has studied minutely the optical 
 characters of chabazite crystals from different localities, and concludes that the long 
 recognized optical anomalies are to be explained by the assumption of a complicated twin- 
 ning of triclinic individuals ; this twinning, however, is according to the accepted princi- 
 ples (analogous to aragonite), and does not require any new hypothesis as that of Mal- 
 lard. He finds, for example, that a basal section in polarized light shows a composi- 
 tion of six differently orientired individuals, of which the extinction directions of two 
 neighboring portions are symmetrically arranged with reference to the line of union. A 
 section parallel to a rhombohedral plane, under the same conditions, is divided into two 
 parts along the shorter diagonal. For further details see the original paper (Min. Petr. 
 Mitth., ii., 391, 1879), or the abstracts (Z. Kryst,, v., 377, and J. Min., 1880, ii., 135). 
 Streng (see below) also discusses the same problem, but without arriving at so definite a 
 conclusion. BecJce finds gmelinite related in structure to chabaaite, while herschelitc(<|. v.) 
 differs from both, and to the latter levynite is probably related. Des Cloizeaux (Bull. 
 Soc. Min., iv., 259, 1881) has examined optically the haydenite of Baltimore, double- 
 refraction positive. 
 
 Discussion of chemical composition with several analyses (bv Burkhardt and Hammers- 
 chlag), Streng, Bcr. Oberhess. Ges., xvi., 74, 1877 (abstr., Z. Kryst,, i., 519, 1877); he 
 shows the variation in composition (e. g. of 4 -4 p. c. in SiO...), and argues from it that this 
 and the related species (phacolite, gmelinite, levynite) may be regarded as varying 
 isomorphous mixtures of two end compounds, as has been assumed in the case of the 
 triclinic feldspars. 
 
 Anal., Csodiberg, Hungary, Kocli, ZS. G. Ges., xxviii., 304, 1876. Lausanne, in a 
 gelatinous condition (Bischoff), Renevier, Bull. Soc. Vaud., II., xvi., 15, 1879. Branch- 
 ville, Conn. (Penfield), Brush and Dana, Am. J. Sc., xviii., 49, 1879! Elba. Sansoni, Att. 
 Soc. Tosc., iv., 316, 1879. 
 
 Recent formation at Bourbonne-les-Bains, Daubree, C. R., Ixxx., 606, 1875; at Oran, 
 Algiers, ib., Ixxxiv., 157, 1877. 
 
 CHALCOCITE, Min., p. 52. Recent formation at Bourbonne-les-Bains, Daubree, C. R., 
 Ixxx , 462, 1875; see also xciii., 572, 1861. 
 
APPENDIX m. 23 
 
 Chalcomenite, Des Cloizeaux and Damour, Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 51, 1881. 
 
 Monoclinic; in isolated crystals and crystalline crusts. 1 A 1 = 108 20'. A - = 
 89 9'. Commonly in prismatic crystals terminated by the basal plane and 1-t. Optic 
 axial plane parallel,- and acute (negative) bisectrix perpendicular, to the horizontal edge 
 I i-i Angle small, dispersion strong p < v ; so that in the polariscope with a green glass 
 the lemniscates have the form of circular rings traversed by a black cross, while with a blue 
 g.lass they take the form of ellipses elongated normal to the plane of polarization. G. = 
 3-76. Color bright blue. Transparent. Analysis, Damour (Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 167, 1881): 
 
 SeO a CuO H 2 O 
 
 48-12 35-40 15-30 = 98-82. 
 
 Corresponding to the formula CuSe0 3 + 2aqor a copper selenite, an example of a group 
 of compounds not before met with in -mineralogy. B. B. on charcoal fuses to a black slag, 
 giving off selenium fumes, and coloring the flame deep blue. In the closed tube yields a 
 little water and a sublimate of Se0 2 in white needles. In salt of phosphorus gives in 0. F. 
 a greenish blue glass, which becomes blood-red when reduced with the addition of metallic 
 tin. Soluble in acids. 
 
 Occurs in minute crystals in the various selenides of silver, copper, and lead, which are 
 found in small veins; Cerro de Cacheuta, Mendoza, Argentine Republic. Often inti- 
 mately mixed with azurite, iron oxide, and lead carbonate, which have been formed by the 
 alteration of the selenides and of the pyrites which form the gangue. 
 
 MM. Friedel and Sarasin have succeeded in forming artificially (Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 176, 
 225, 1881) a copper selenite hiving the same form and composition as chalcomenite, and 
 another differing in crystalline form. 
 
 CHALCOMICLITE. App. II., p. 11. 
 CHALCOMORPI-IITE. App. II., p. 11. 
 
 Chalcophanite. G. E. Moore, Amer. Chemist, July, 1875. 
 
 Rhombohedral; in druses of minute tabular crystals. R A R = 114 30', R/\0=: 
 103 48'; c 3*5267. Also in foliated aggregates'; in stalactitic and plumose forms. 
 Cleavage basal perfect. H. = 25. G. = 3 -907. Lustre metallic, brilliant. Color bluish 
 to iron black. Streak chocolate brown, dull. Opaque. Flexible in thin laminae. Analyses: 
 1, of crystals; 2, of the stalactitic form: 
 
 MnO, MnO ZnO Feo0 3 H,0 
 
 1. 59-94 658 (j)21'70 0-25 11-58 = 100-05. 
 
 2.* (3)61-57 4-41 20-80 12-66 = 99-44. 
 
 * After deduction of 1'27 p. c. limonite as impurity. 
 
 Formula (Mn, Zn) + 2Mn0 2 + 2aq. If half the water be made basic, the formula may 
 
 be written 2 (R + R) O 3 + aq, which is equivalent to 2 [R,] O 3 + aq. In the closed tube 
 gives off water and oxygen, exfoliates slowly, and changes to a golden bronze color. B. B. 
 becomes yellowish bronze to copper red in color, and fuses slightly on the edges. With 
 borax a manganese bead ; on charcoal with soda a zinc coating. 
 
 Occurs at the calamine deposits of Sterling Hill, N. J. It is a product of the decom- 
 position of franklinite. Named from ^Ao?, brass, and (paiva>, to appear, in allusion to 
 the change of color on ignition. 
 
 CHALCOPYRITE, Min., p. 65; App. II., p. 11. Oryst., v. KokscJiarof, Bull, Soc. St. Pet., 
 xix., 562, 1875. With tetrahedrite in parallel position, Sadebeck, Ber. Ges. Nat. Fr. 
 Berlin, Oct., 1878 (J. Min., 1879, 154). Groth, Min.-Samml., Strassburg, p. 53, 1878. 
 
 Recent formation at Bourbonne-les-Bains, Daubree, C. R., Ixxx., 463, 1875; do. at Bour- 
 bon d'Archambault, de Oouvenain, ib., p. 1297. 
 
 CHALCOPYRRHOTITE. App. II., p. 11. 
 
APPENDIX m. 
 
 CHALCOSIDERITE. Maskelyne (J. Ch. Soc., July, 1875) identifies a mineral from Corn- 
 wall with the chalcosiderite of Ullmann, and shows it to be a distinct species, and not to be 
 united with dufrenite (see Min., p. 583). Occurs in minute triclinic crystals, generally in 
 sheaf -like groups. Cleavage easy in one direction. H. =4 '5. G. = 3*108. Color light 
 siskin green. Analysis, Flight (1. c.) : 
 
 P 2 5 Aso0 5 Feo0 3 A1 2 3 CuO H-O* U 2 3 
 
 29-93 0-61 42-81 4-45 8-15 15-00 tr. = 100-95. 
 
 * Loss at 100 C. 0-46, at 120-130 additional loss 0'13 ; remainder at a red heat. 
 
 Composition expressed by the formula 2 [Fe 2 ] P 2 8 + [Fe a ] IIoO (i + CuII a O a + 4aq. 
 Implanted on andrewsite at the West Phoenix mine, Cornwall. 
 
 CHALYPITE. App. II., p. 11. 
 
 CHILDRENITE, Min., p. 579; App. II., p. 11. Tavistock, Cornwall, analyses by S. L. Pen- 
 field, Am. J. Sc. III., xix., 315, 1880: 
 
 P 2 5 
 30-19 
 29-98 
 
 A1 2 3 
 2117 
 21-44 
 
 FeO 
 26-54 
 26-20 
 
 MnO 
 
 4-87 
 
 CaO 
 1-21 
 
 H 2 
 
 15-87 
 
 Quartz. 
 010 = 99-95. 
 
 Penfield removes the doubt as to the true composition of childrenite, the formula deduced 
 being R 2 AloP.,0 10 , 4H 2 or A1 2 P 2 + 2RH 2 2 4- 2aq. This requires P 2 5 30-80, Al.,0 3 
 22-31, FeO 26'37, MnO 4'87, H 2 15*65. It also follows from this that childrenite and 
 eosphorite (see below) are essentially the same species. 
 
 CHILDRENITE EOSPHORITE. G. J. Brush and E. S. Dana, Am. J. Sci., III., xvi., 35, 
 
 1878; xviii., 47, 1879. 
 
 Orthorhombic. Axes, c : b : a = 0-68299 : 1-28732 : 1. Observed planes (see figure) : i-l(a), 
 i-4 (b\ I, i-2 (g), 1 (p), f-1 (q), 2-2 (a). 1 A /= 104 19', p^p 
 (front) = 133 33', p A p (side) = 118 58', a A p 120 31. In 
 prismatic crystals vertically striated. Also more generally mass- 
 ive, cleavable to closely compact. Cleavage : macrodiagonal nearly 
 perfect. 
 
 H. = 5. G. = 3 "11-3-145. Lustra vitreous to sub-resinous, of 
 massive mineral often greasy. Color rose-pink, yellowish to color- 
 less, also of compact forms grayish, bluish, yellowish white, and 
 white. Streak white. Transparent to translucent. Fracture 
 uneven to subconchoidal. Optic axial plane macrodiagonal ; acute 
 bisectrix negative, normal to brachypinacoid. Axial angle in air 
 54 30' red, 60 30' blue. Axial colors yellowish (\\b), deep pink 
 (||o), faint pink to nearly colorless (||i). 
 
 Composition: R 2 Al a P a O JOj 4H 2 or A1 2 P 2 8 + 2RH 2 2 + 2aq. 
 If R = Mn : Fe = 10 : 3, percentage composition: P 2 5 3093, 
 
 A1 2 3 23-35, FeO 7 '24, MnO 23 '80, H-,0 15-68 = 100. Analyses: 1, S. L. Penfield (Am. 
 
 J. Sc., xvi., 40), pure crystals, G. =3'134; 2, II. L. Wells (xvi., 41), white compact 
 
 mineral, containing 14 '41 p. c. impurities, mostly quartz, here deducted; 3, H. L. Wells 
 
 (xviii., 48), pink massive mineral, G. =8*11. 
 
 P 2 5 Alo0 8 FeO MnO CaO Na 2 O 
 
 1. (1)31-05 22-19 7-40 23'51 0'54 0'33 
 
 2. 31-43 21-83 6'84 22'43 3 -01 .... 
 
 3. 31-39 21-34 G'62 22-92 1'48 
 
 H 9 
 
 15-60 = 100-62, Penfield. 
 
 15-07 = 100-61, Wells. 
 
 15-28, insol. 1-46 =. 100-49, Wells. 
 
 In the closed tube decrepitates, whitens, gives off abundance of neutral water, and the 
 residue turns first black, then gray, and finally liver brown with a metallic lustre, and 
 becomes magnetic. B. B. in the 'forceps cracks open, sprouts and whitens, colors the 
 flame pale green, and fuses at about 4 to a black magnetic mass. Reacts for iron and 
 manganese with the fluxes. Soluble in acids. 
 
 Occurs at Branchville, Fairfield Co., Conn., in a vein of pegmatite associated with rhodo- 
 
APPENDIX III. 25 
 
 chrosite and the manganesian phosphates, triploidite, dickinsonite, lithiophilite. Also as 
 imbedded nodules (anal. 3, above), in a massive green chloritic mineral. The massive 
 mineral (anal. 2, above, G. = 2 '92-3 "08) often impure from the presence of quartz, dickin- 
 sonite, and apatite. Named from &)6(popo$ (synonym of q)Go<5q)6po^,) which means 
 dawn-bearing, in allusion to the characteristic pink color. 
 
 [Since the hitherto uncertain composition of childrenite (q. v.) has been settled by Pen- 
 field, it appears that eosphorite and childrenite, having similar form and composition, are 
 essentially the same mineral, only differing in that the first contains mostly manganese and 
 the second mostly iron.] 
 
 Chloralluminite. Scacchi, Att. Accad. Napoli, vi. (read Dec. 13, 1873). Aluminum 
 chloride (AL 2 C1 6 + #H 2 O), produced with molisite and chloromagnesite, at Vesuvius, at the 
 eruption of April, 1872. 
 
 CHLORASTROLITE. See Prehnite, p. 96. 
 
 CHLORITE. Pseudomorph after garnet, Lake Superior, Pumpetty, Am. J. Sc., III., x., 17, 
 1875. 
 
 Chemical monograph of the " Chlorite Group/' Heddle, Trans. Boy. Soc. Ed., xxix., 
 55 et seq., 1879. 
 
 CHLORITOID, Min., p. 504. See Clintonite, p. 28. 
 
 CHLOROCALCITE, App. II., p. 11. Scacchi, Att. Accad. Napoli, vi., 1873. 
 
 Calcium chloride, from Guy's Cliff, Warwickshire, Spiller, J. Ch. Soc., p. 154, Feb., 
 1876. Calcium chloride, more or less mixed with clay, has been identified in the Province 
 of Tarapaca, of Chincha, and elsewhere in Peru, by Raimondi (Min. Perou, p. 267, 1878) ; 
 it was called HYDROPHILITE by Adam. 
 
 Chloromagnesite. Scacchi, Att. Accad. Napoli, vi., 1873. Magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 
 + zaq), formed at Vesuvius at the eruption of April, 1872. 
 
 A mineral, apparently identical with that of Scacchi, has been called BISCHOFITE by 
 Ochsenius and Pfeiffer, Arch. Pharm., III., xi., 296, 1877 (Bull. Soc. Min., i., 128, 1878, 
 and Jahresb. Ch., 1877, f284, 1285). Crystalline-granular and foliated, sometimes fibrous. 
 H. = 1-2. G. = 1 '65. Colorless (pure) to white. Lustre vitreous to dull. Mean of two 
 analyses by Konig gave : Mg 11 '86, Cl 35 '04, H 2 53'10 = 100; this corresponds to MgCl 2 
 + 6aq, requiring Mg 11 -83, Cl 34'95, H 2 53-22. Soluble in 0'6 parts of cold water. 
 Occurs in layers 2-3 cm. thick in halite, with kieserite and carnallite, fibres transverse to 
 the layers ; Leopoldshall, Prussia. The assumption of water is said to commence as soon 
 as the layer is exposed to the air. The artificial salt is monoclinic. 
 
 CHLOROPAL, Min., p. 461. Anal., Mugrau, Bohemia, Schrauf, J. Min., 1877, 255. 
 Mudgee, New South Wales, Liversidge, Proc. Roy. Soc. N. S. W., Nov. 3, 1880. A re- 
 lated mineral from Sweden, Weibutt, Geol. For. Forh., v., 627, 1881. 
 
 Composition of related minerals discussed, Collins, Min. Mag., i., 67, 1877. 
 
 CHLOROPH^EITE, Min., p. 510. Anal., from the Scuir More ridge, in Rum, Scotland, 
 Heddle (Trans. Soc. Edinb., xxix., 84, 1879): SiOo 36-00, Fe 2 3 22-80, FeO 2'46, MnO 0-50, 
 CaO 2-52, MgO 9 50, alkalies tr., H 2 26'46 = 100'25 (H 2 at 100 19'23). 
 
 Chlorothionite, Scacchi, Att. Accad. Napoli, vi., 1873 (Contrib. Min., ii., p. 59). 
 
 Occurs in thin crystalline mammillary crusts of a bright blue color. An analysis gave : 
 S0 4 32-99, Cl 20-04,' Cti 19'56, K 26-29, loss 112 = 100. Crystals obtained by recrystalli- 
 zation from a solution, and thus purer than the original material, gave essentially the same 
 result. The composition is expressed by the formula K 2 S0 4 + CuCl 2 , which requires : 
 S0 4 31-12, Cl 22-98, Cu 20-55, K 25'35 = 100. From Vesuvius, as a result of the eruption 
 of April, 1872. The name records the presence of chlorine and sulphur (Setov). [Is not 
 this a mixture of two salts ?J. \ 
 
26 APPENDIX III. 
 
 Chlorotile. Frenzel, Min. Mitth., 1875, 42 ; J. Min., 1875, 517. 
 
 In minute capillary crystals of prismatic habit (orthorhombic), also fibrous and massive ; 
 soft. Color in the mass pale green to emerald green, microscopic crystals colorless. Trans- 
 parent. Composition asserted to be Cu 3 As 2 O tl + 6aq ; an approximate analysis gave : 
 Aso0 5 41, CuO 41, H 2 O 18 = 100. Occurs with aragonite and wappleritc, at Schnceberg, 
 and with quartz and scheelite at Zinnwald. [A more complete description is to be desired.] 
 
 CHONDRODITE, Min., p. 363 ; App. II., p. 12. Cryst., Brewster, N. Y., monogriph by 
 E. S. Dana, proving the presence of crystals corresponding to each of the so-called "types " 
 of the Vesuvian humite ; also giving measurements and many occurring planes. Further, 
 it is shown, that the optical characters of the crystals of the more common ' ' second type " 
 prove them to be, in fact, monoclinic : the axes lie in the plane of symmetry, axial plane in- 
 clined 25 48' to the basal plane, 2H ap = 88 48' (n = 1'466), Conn. Acad., iii., 67-96, 1875 
 (abstr. in Am. J. Sc., III., x., 89). It has also been proved by the same author, that the 
 crystals of the "third type" belong to the monoclinic system (Am. J. Sc., III., xi., 189, 
 1876). The measured 'angles alone, however, would not imply any variation from the 
 orthorhombic type, although it has long been observed that the hemihedral development of 
 the planes was in accordance with monoclinic symmetry. 
 
 The corresponding Vesuvian species, HUMITE, has been studied by DCS Cloizeaux (Phil. 
 Mag. III., ii., 286, 1876, and iii., 357, 1877; or see J. Min., 1876, 641 ; 1877, 500) and 
 by Klein (J. Min., 1876, 633). Des Cloizeaux finds the three types of humite to be optically 
 distinct, and proposes to retain for the " first type," which lie shows to be orthorhombic, 
 the name HUMITE ; for the " second type," which he finds to be monoclinic, he retains the 
 name CHONDRODITE, and to the "third type," also monoclinic, he gives the name CLINO- 
 HUMITE (the observations on the second and third tyoes confirm those of E. S. Dana on 
 Brewster crystals). Klein (1. c.) obtained for third type crystals of humite (dinohumite) re- 
 sults agreeing with those of Des Cloizeaux. 
 
 Sjogren describes crystals from the Ladu mine, Wermland, Sweden, which are holohe- 
 dral orthorhombic, and near in angle to "Type I." of the Vesuvian mineral, also others 
 from Kafveltorp, Westmanland, which are monoclinic, and similar (see above) to common 
 chondrodite, CEfv. Ak. Stockh., xxxviii., 5, p. 29, 1881. An exhaustive monograph of the 
 Kafveltorp chondrodite is given by the same author in vol. xvii. of the Lund. Univ. Ars- 
 skrift (abstr. in Geol. For. Forh., v., 655, 1881). 
 
 Analyses and discussion of composition : Brewster, N. Y., Hawcs, Am. J. Sc., III., x., 
 96, 1875; Kafveltorp, Sweden, Widman, Geol. For. Forh., iii., 113, 1876; Websky, Ber. Ak. 
 Berlin, 1876, 201; Pargas, Finland, Berwerth, Min. Mitth., 1877, 272. 
 
 CHROMITE, Min., p. 153 ; App. II., p. 12. In thin sections not opaque, but transmits a 
 yellowish-red color, according to Thoulct, Bull. Soc. Min., ii., i]4, 1879. See also Fischer, 
 Mikr. Stud., 1870, and Z. Kryst., iv., 363. 
 
 Anal., platinum washings, Wisimo Schaitansk, Ural, Waller, (Efv. Ak. Stockh., xxxiii., 
 No. 10, p. 23, 1876. 
 
 Occurrence in meteorites, J. Lawrence Smith, Am. J. Sc., III., xxi., 461, 1881. 
 
 Chromowulfenite. See Wulfenite, p. 132. 
 CHROMPICOTITE. App. I., p. 3. 
 
 CHRYSOBERYL, Min., p. 155 ; App. II., p. 12. Specific gravity determinations, Church, 
 GeoLMag., II, ii, 321,1875. 
 
 CHRYSOCOLLA, Min., p. 402. An aluminous variety of chrysocolla is called PILARITE by 
 Kramberger (Z. Kryst., v., 260, 1880). Like chrysocolla in appearance. Apparently homo- 
 geneous under the microscope. H. 3. G. 2-62. Lustre dull. Color light greenish 
 blue. Analysis (f) : SiO, 38 6, A1 7 3 16'9, CuO 19*0, CaO 2-5, ign. 21 "7 = 98-7. Locality, 
 Chili. Named after Prof. Pilar in Agram. 
 
 J. R. Santos (Chem. News, xxxvi , 167, 1876) has analyzed an aluminous chrysocolla 
 from Utah : Si0 2 37'19, A1 2 3 10'78, CuO 26 '03, 11,0 25'76 =.- 99 76. Konig describes a 
 substance from Bergen's Ranch, 25 m. from Denver, Col., forming a thin, slightly bluish 
 
APPENDIX III. 27 
 
 crust on limonite ; it contains 33-85 p. c. A1 2 3 , 540 CuO, and corresponds to allophane 
 and chrysocolla in the ratio of 5 : 1, probably to be regarded as a mixture, Proc. Ac. Is at. 
 Sc Philad., 1877, 294. See also Semmons, Min. Mag., ii., 197, 1879. 
 
 Other analyses, Lower California, Hutchings, Chem. News, xxxvi., 18, 1877 ; also xxxiv., 
 141 1876; Cerro Blanco, Chili, Pellegrini, Z. Kryst., iv., 408; Wheco, New South Wales, 
 Uversidge, Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S. W., Nov. 3, 1880. 
 
 CHRYSOLITE, Min., p. 256 ; App. II., p. 12. Vesuvius (hyalosiderite), Scacchi, Att. Ace. 
 Nap., vi., 1873 (Contr. Min., Ii., 66) ; with humite (clinohumite) crystals in parallel posi- 
 tion, Fcaczhi, J. Min., 1876, 637. Determinations of specific gravity, Church, Geol. Mag., 
 II., ii., 321, 18?r>. 
 
 Anal., Skurruvuselv, Norway, Hjortdahl (Z. Kryst., ii., 305). Zermatt, with 6 p. c. 
 Ti0 2 (titanolivine, Groth), Damour, Bull. Soc. Min., ii., 15, 1879. In meteoric iron of 
 Bragin, Retschinsk, Inostranzcf, Min. Russl., vi., 216 ; Ste. Anne, Ottawa River, Canada, 
 Harrington, Geol. Canada, 1878. 
 
 A variety is called NEOCHRYSOLITE, bv Scacchi (Rend. Accad. Napoli, Oct. 14, 1876). In 
 small, black, crystalline plates, crystallographically identical with chrysolite. Peculiar in 
 containing a considerable amount of manganese (compare hortonolite). Found in the 
 cavities of the lava of 1631, at the Cupa di Sabataniello, Vesuvius. 
 
 CHRYSTOPHITE . See Sphalerite, p. 111. 
 
 CIMOLITE, Min., p. 457. Anal., Richmond, N. S. W., Liversidge, Proc. Roy. Soc. New 
 South Wales, Dec. 6, 1876. 
 
 CINNABAR, Min, p. 55 ; App. II., p. 12. Oryst., v. Kokscharof, Min. Russl., vi., 257, 
 1875. With metacinnabarite, Reddington mine, Cal., Bertrand, Z. Kryst., ii., 199, 1877. 
 Tuscany, d'Achiardi, Att. Soc. Tosc., iii., 232, 1877. 
 
 Anal., Oregon, Dabney, Chem. News, xxxiv., 180, 1876. 
 
 Occurrence in California, etc., Blake, Bull. Soc. Min., i., 81, 1878 ; Rolland, ib., i., 98. 
 Genesis, etc., Christy, Am. J. Sc., III., xvii., 453, 1879 ; Mernyik, Hungary, Krenner, 
 Z. Kryst., ii., 304. 
 
 CLARTTE, App. II., p. l2.Sandberger, J. Min., 1875, 382. 
 
 Monoclinic (?). Crystals in tufted groups, on account of alteration not to be measured; 
 planes identified 0, i-l, I, m. Cleavage i-4 perfect, i-i less so. H. = 3*5. G. = 4'46. . Color 
 dark lead gray. Streak black. Analysis, Petersen 
 
 S As Sb Cu Fe Zn 
 
 32-92 17-74 1'09 40-29 0'83 tr = 98'87. 
 
 Formula that of enargite, viz. : Cu a AsS 4 3Cu,S + As a S s . 
 
 B. B. fuses easily ; in the closed tube decrepitates violently, and gives a reddish yellow 
 sublimate of the sulphide of arsenic (and antimony), with also one of sulphur ; in the open 
 tube gives both As- 2 O 3 and Sb 2 O 3 . Soluble in nitric acid, with the separation of a white 
 precipitate ; not attacked by boiling in a solution of caustic potash. Occurs on barite from 
 the Clara mine, near Schapbach, Baden. Sometimes altered to chalcopyrite and covellite. 
 [Clarite and luzonite have both the composition of enargite ; the former differs from it in 
 color, and apparently in form ; the latter in color and absence of cleavage, form unknown. 
 All three have essentially the same specific gravity, which is not ordinarily the case with 
 well established trimorphous groups a further examination seems to be required to prove 
 that they are in fact distinct.] 
 
 CLAUSTHALITE. Min., p. 497 ; App. II., 12. 
 
 Cleveite. Nordenskiold, Geol. For. Forh., iv., 28, 1878. 
 
 Isometric ; in cubes with octahedron and dodocahedron ; crystals rare, also in irregular 
 grains. H. = 5'5. G. = 7'49. Lustre dull. Color iron black. Streak blackish brown. 
 
28 APPENDIX III. 
 
 Opaque. Analysis, G. Lindstrom (1. c.), after deducting 2-34 p. c. insol., and 0-86 CaO, 
 014 MgO : 
 
 U 2 3 Y 2 3 Er 2 3 Ce 2 3 Fe 2 3 Th0 2 PbO UO H 2 O 
 
 42-04 6-87 3-47 2-33 1-05 4-76 11 -31 23'89 4*28 = 100. 
 
 The suggestion is made that the formula may be (Rp)(R 2 3 ) H 2 0, and the mineral a 
 member of the spinel group, altered through the assumption of water, but this seems very 
 doubtful. In the closed tube gives off water. B. B. infusible. With salt of phosphorus a 
 deep green bead, becoming yellow in 0. F. after long blowing. Easily soluble in hydro- 
 chloric acid with the separation of lead chloride. With soda on charcoal, a lead globule 
 and a costing of lead oxide. Occurs in a dirty brown feldspar at Garta, near Arendal, 
 Norway. Associated with orthite, fergusonite, thorite, etc. Named after Prof. Cleve. 
 
 At the same locality "is found a mineral which is probably a final decomposition product 
 of cleveite. It is called YTTROGUMMITE. It has the appearance of orangite. Lustre brill- 
 iant. Color black to yellow. Translucent ; fracture conchoidal. Optically anisotrope. 
 H. = 5. Hydrous, contains yttrium and uranium oxides. Between the black opaque 
 cleveite and the translucent honey yellow yttrogummite, occur many intermediate pro- 
 ducts. [Cleveite is closely related to uraninite, as is yttrogummite to ordinary gummite.] 
 
 Clinocrocite (Sandberger), Singer, Inaug. Diss., Wilrzburg, 1879, p. 9. A mineral of 
 a deep saffron yellow, occurring in microscopic crystals ('02 mm. broad), which are prob- 
 ably monoclinic, with the planes 7, 0, 1-i According to a qualitative examination, a 
 hydrous sulphate of alumina, iron sesquioxide, soda, and potash (lime in traces). From 
 the Bauersberg, near Bischofsheim, formed by the decomposition of pyrite in basalt tufa. 
 Related to the more clearly denned mineral, clinophcvite (q. v.). [Needs further examina- 
 tion.] 
 
 Clinohumite. See Chondrodite, p. 26. 
 
 Clinophaeite (Sandberger), Singer, Inaug. Diss., Wiirzburg, 1879, p. 16. In microscopic 
 crystals (-02 mm. broad), probably monoclinic, with planes 0, 7, I-*', prismatic angle 85. 
 H. = ? G. =2 '979. Color blackish green. Streak light grayish green. Lustre vitreous. 
 Translucent to opaque. Taste astring3nt. An analysis gave (after deducting 7 '88 p. c. 
 hygroscopic water) : 
 
 SO 3 Fe 2 3 Alo0 3 FeO NiO(CoO) MgO CaO Na.,0 K 2 O H,O 
 37-01 9-48 4-04 6-06 0'76 1-88 077 6'35 21-79 14-72 = 102-86. 
 
 The formula deduced is 5R 2 S0 4 + [R 2 ] H 6 O 6 + 5aq. Difficultly soluble in water; on boil- 
 ing, iron sesquioxide separates from the aqueous solution. B. B. fuses with intumescence, 
 leaving finally a black magnetic residue. Occurs with other sulphates at the Bauersberg, 
 near Bischofsheim, as a result of the decomposition of pyrite. 
 
 CLINTONITE, Min., p. 508. The "clintonite group" of minerals have been investigated 
 by Tschermak and SipScz (Ber. Ak. Wien, Ixxviii., Nov., 1878 ; or Z. Kryst., iii., 496). In 
 this group of "brittle micas " (Sprodglimmer) the authors include seybertite (clintonite), 
 brandisite, xanthpphyllite, also chloritoid, masonite, ottrelite, sismondine, and sapphirine. 
 All of these species belong to the monoclinic system, and in form and physical character 
 they are closely related to the micas, more especially to margarite (see original memoir and 
 p. 77). 
 
 Chemically, it is assumed that the first three of these minerals are isomorphous mixtures 
 of H 4 Ca 2 Mg,Si G Oo4 and HnCaMgAl 6 Oi 2 : in seybertite in the ratio of 4 : 5, in brandisite of 
 3 : 4, in xanthophyllite of 5 : 8. As the two compounds assumed are not known to have an 
 independent existence, the results reached are hypothetical. In order to bring out the 
 relation which is supposed to exist between the micas, margarite, and seybertite, the fol- 
 lowing scheme is given, representing the compounds which are assumed to enter into their 
 composition : 
 
 Mica. Margarite. Seybertite. 
 
 H B Al 9 Si 6 24 ) H 6 Al 6 Si 6 24 ) EUCa.Mg.SieO^ 
 
 Mg 12 Si 8 24 C Ca 3 Al 6 12 \ H 2 CaMgAl 6 12 
 
APPENDIX m. 29 
 
 Chloritoid (chloritspath) is also monoclinic, and related in form^to meroxene, as well as 
 to the above species ; composition expressed by the formula H 2 Fe 2 Si 2 7 + H 2 A1 2 7 . 
 
 Ottrelite and masonite are regarded as very near to chloritoid, the variation in chemical 
 composition being believed to be due to foreign inclosures. 
 
 Sismondine is similar to chloritoid, and the formula corresponding to the analysis below 
 is Hi 4 Fe 7 Ali B Si M 54 , with, however, the Fe in part replaced by Mg. For sapphirine the 
 formula Mg 2 Si 2 6 + Mg 2 Al 6 Ou is given. 
 
 Analyses: 1, 2, 3, by L. Sipocz 1, seybertite from Amity, G. 3'102 ; 2, brandisite 
 from Monzoni, G. = 3-090 ; 3, chloritoid from Pregratten, G. 3*538 ; 4, by W. Suida, 
 sismondine from St. Marcel, G. = 3 '42. 
 
 
 Si0 2 
 
 A1 2 3 
 
 Feo0 3 
 
 FeO 
 
 MgO 
 
 CaO 
 
 H 2 
 
 
 F 
 
 
 
 1. Seybertite 
 
 19-19 
 
 39-73 
 
 0-61 
 
 1-88 
 
 21-09 
 
 13-11 
 
 4-85 
 
 1- 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 101-72. 
 
 2. Brandisite 
 
 18-75 
 
 39-10 
 
 3-24 
 
 1-62 
 
 20-46 
 
 12-14 
 
 5-35 
 
 
 
 
 
 100-66. 
 
 3. Chloritoid 
 
 24-90 
 
 40-99 
 
 0-55 
 
 24-28 
 
 3-33 
 
 .... 
 
 7-83 
 
 
 
 
 
 101-87. 
 
 4. Sismondine 
 
 2603 
 
 42-33 
 
 4-09 
 
 14-32 
 
 7-30 
 
 0-35 
 
 C-5G 
 
 alk 
 
 . tr. 
 
 = 
 
 100-98. 
 
 On a variety of xanthophyllite called WALUEWITE, see p. 132: on a variety of ottrelite 
 called VENASQUITE, see p. 87. 
 
 COBALTITE, Min., p. 71; App. II., p. 13. Cryst., Tunaberg and Skutterud, (froth, Min.- 
 Samml., Strassburg, p. 41, 1878. 
 
 Anal., Khetri mines, Rajputana, India, F. R. Mallet, Rec. Geol. Surv. India, xiv., pt. 2, 
 190, 1880. 
 
 CCERULEOLACTITE. App. I., p. 3; II., p. 13. 
 
 Coloradoite, F. A. Genth, Amer. Phil. Soc., xvii., 115, 1877 (or Z. Kryst., ii., 4). 
 
 Massive ; granular, sometimes imperfectly columnar (due to admixed sylvanite ?). 
 H. =3. G. = 8-627. Lustro metallic. Color iron-black inclining to gray. Fracture 
 uneven to subconchoidal. Composition HgTe = tellurium 39"02, mercury 60 "98 = 100. 
 Analyses ; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Keystone mine ; 6, 7, Smuggler mine. 
 
 
 Quartz and gold 
 
 
 
 
 deducted. 
 
 Te 
 
 Hg 
 
 1. 
 
 [28-50] 
 
 43-81 
 
 56-33 
 
 2. 
 
 [46-83] 
 
 42-95 
 
 52-28 
 
 8. 
 
 [25-18] 
 
 44-25 
 
 51-48 
 
 4. 
 
 [8-461 
 
 46-74 
 
 49-80 
 
 5. 
 
 [20-72] 
 
 50-05 
 
 4563 
 
 
 Quartz deducted. 
 
 
 
 6. 
 
 [2-90] 
 
 36-24 
 
 55-80 
 
 7. 
 
 [3-05] 
 
 34-49 
 
 48-74 
 
 _,0 3 , Fe,0 3 
 tr. 
 
 2-44 
 
 V,,0 3 MgO 
 tr. tr. 
 0-70 0-11 
 
 CaO 
 
 tr. = 
 0-84 = 
 
 100-14. 
 99-32. 
 
 
 undet. 
 undet. 
 undet. 
 
 
 Au 3-46, Ag 2 42, Fe 1-35, Cu, Zn tr. = 99'27. 
 
 Au 7-67, Ag 7-18, Cu 016, Fe 0'92, Zn 0'50 = 99 '66. 
 
 The impurities present in 1 to 5 are, besides gold and quartz, native tellurium in vary- 
 ing quantities ; in 6 and 7 also sylvanite. In the tube slightly decrepitates, fuses, and yields 
 metallic mercury as a sublimate, also tellurium trioxide in drops, and next to the assay 
 metallic tellurium. Soluble in nitric acid. 
 
 Occurs very sparingly at the Keystone, Mountain Lion, and Smuggler mines, in Colo- 
 rado. [Belongs in the same group with cinnabar (or inetacinnabarite) HgS, and tiemannite 
 HgSe.] 
 
 COLUMBITE, Min., p. 515; App. II., p. 13. Cryst., Riesengebirge, Scharizer, Verh. G. 
 Reichs., 1879, 243. 
 
 Analyses, Yancey Co., K C. ; Pike's Peak, Col., J. L. Smith, Am. J. Sc., Ill, xiii., 359, 
 1877. Isergebirge, Janovsky. Ber. Ak. Wien, Ixxx., 34, 1879. Middletown, Ct., E. J. Hal- 
 lock, Am. J. Sc., xxi., 412, 1881. 
 
 The following analyses are quoted here as being of especial interest : 1, Standish, Me., 
 
30 APPENDIX in. 
 
 0. D. Allen (priv. contrib.); 2, Northfield, Mass., W. J. Comstock, Am. J. Sc., III., xix., 
 131, 1880 ; 3, BranchviUe, Conn., Comstock, ib. 
 
 Cb,0 5 Ta 2 O 5 Sn0 2 , W0 3 MnO FeO CaO 
 
 1. Standish, G. = 565 68'99 9'22 1-61 3'65 16'80 = 10027 
 
 2. Northfield, G. = 6-84(j) 26'8l 56-90 ... 5'88 10-05 ... = 99'64. 
 
 3. BranchviUe, G. = 6'59 30*16 52*29 ... 15'58 0'43 0'37 = 98*83. 
 
 The Standish crystals are small, but highly modified, and of brilliant lustre (seeZ. Kryst., 
 i., 380). The Northfield mineral had the form and habit of .ordinary columbite, though it 
 is essentially a tantalite. This was also true of the BranchviUe mineral (Brush and Dana, 
 Am. J. Sc., III., xvi., 34, 1878 s which, moreover, was in thin tabular crystals, slightly 
 translucent ; it is also remarkable as containing only MnO, and also in the fact that the 
 ratio of Cb,0 5 : Ta 2 6 = 1:1 nearly, that is, the formula is MnCb,0 6 + MnTa,O e . See 
 also Tantalite, p. 118. 
 
 Shepard's HERMANNOLITE (Am. J. Sc., II., 1., 90, 1870; III., xi., 140, Hermann, J. Pr. 
 Ch., II., xiii., 386, 1876, or Bull. Soc. Mosc.,xlix, 179, 1875; Delafontaine, Am. J. Sc., III., 
 xiii., 390, 1877, and Bibl. Univ. Gen., II., lix., 184, 1877) is a mineral from Haddam, Conn., 
 related to (or identical with) columbite. Hermann (1. c. ) finds in it " hypotantalic acid 
 7'03, hypoilmenic acid 14'92, niobous acid 56'15, iron protoxide, 12'56, manganese protox- 
 ide 9'34 = 100." This result is, to say the least, problematical, as no one but the analyst 
 himself has any confidence in the existence of the chemical compounds named. Delafon- 
 taine (1. c.) found a large proportion of Cb. 2 O 5 , about 16 p. c. Ta,O 5 , and possibly a little 
 Ti0 2 . He states further, that the low specific gravity supposed to be a specific character 
 of this substance is explained by its containing less Ta 2 3 (Brainerd's columbite contains 
 37 p. c.), and by the admixture of some foreign material. [As far as investigation has 
 gone, hermannolite is not distinct from columbite.] 
 
 CONNELLITE, Min., p. 627. Optically uniaxial, positive, Bertrand, Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 
 88, 1881. 
 
 COPIAPITE, Min., p. 655 ; App. II., p. 13. Optical characters, Bertrand, Hull. Soc. Min., 
 iv., 11 ; Des Cloizeaux, ib., 41, 1881. 
 
 COPPER, Min., p. 14 ; App. II., p. 13.-Cryst., <o. Kokscliarof, Min. Russl., vi., 209, 1874. 
 Altai, v. Jeremejef, Verh. Min. Ges. St. Pet., II., xii., 281. Mine Friedrichssegen, Nassau, 
 Seligmann, Verh. Nat. Ver. Rhein., xxxiii., 261, 1876. Lake Superior, vom Rath, Z. Kryst., 
 ii., 169, 1878; Fletcher, Phil. Mag., V., ix., 180, 1880. 
 
 Pseudomorphs after aragonite, from Coro-Coro, Bolivia, described fully, Domeylco, 6th 
 App. Min. Chili, p. 6, 1878. 
 
 COQUIMBITE, Min., p. 650; App. II., p. 13. Copiapo, Coquimbo, Chili, revision of angles, 
 c (vert.) = 1 '5645, optical examination, Arzruni, with analyses by Bamberger, confirming 
 Rose's results, Z. Kryst., iii., 516, 1879. 
 
 CORDIEEITE. See lolite, p. 63. 
 
 CORKITE. App. II., p. 13; see also Beudantite, p. 15. 
 
 CORNWALLITE. Min., p. 569; App. II., p. 13. 
 
 Coronguite, Raimondi, Mineraux du Perou, 1878, pp. 88, 91. 
 
 Amorphous, earthy, pulverulent, sometimes slightly lamellar. H. 2 5-3. G. == 5'05. 
 Color, exterior, grayish yellow ; interior, blackish, with lustre slightly resinous. Intimately 
 mixed with small quantities of sulphur, antimony, silver, and lead. An analysis, after the 
 deduction of impurities, gave: Sb.,O 5 58 '97, PbO 21 '48, Ag 2 7'82, FeO 0'52, H 2 11 '21 
 = 100; accordingly, an antimonate of lead and silver. Found at the mines of Mogollon, 
 Huancavelica, and Empalme, in the district of Corongo^ province Pallasca, and at Pasa- 
 cancha, province of Pomabamba r Peru. [Of doubtful homogeneity.] 
 
APPENDIX m. 31 
 
 Min., p. 504; App. II., p. 13. A mineral, apparently identical with 
 corundophilite, is called AMESITE, by Shepard. Occurs with diaspore at Chester, Mass. 
 Examined by Pisani (C. R., Ixxxiii., 166, 1876). In hexagonal plates, foliated, resembling 
 the green talc from the Tyrol. Uniaxial figure (positive), seen through cleavage fragment. 
 H. = 2-5-3. G. =2-71. Color apple green. Lustre pearly on cleavage face. Analysis : 
 
 Si0 2 AloO 3 Fe MgO H.O 
 
 21-40 32-30 1580 19-90 10'93 == 100'30. 
 
 Q. Ratio for Si : [A1 3 ] : R : II = 9 : 12 : 10 : 8. B. B. nearly infusible. 
 
 CORUNDUM, Min., p. 137; App. II., p. 13. Cryst., Ceylon, v. Koikscharof, Min. Russl., 
 vi., 223, 1874. Taschkent, etc., v. Jeremefef, Verb. Min. Ges. St. Pet, II., xiii., 426, 440 ; 
 xiv., 227 (Z. Kryst., ii., 504, 505; iii., 438; iv., 642). 
 
 Specific gravity determinations. Church, Geol. Mag., II., ii., 321, 1875. 
 
 Made artificially (rubies, sapphires), Fremy and Fell, C. R., Ixxxv., 1020, 1877; Mcunier, 
 ib, xc., 701, 1880. 
 
 Occurrence of emery in Westchester Co., N. Y., Kimball, Am. Chem., iv., 9, 321, 1874; 
 J. I). Dana, Am. J. Sc., III., xx., 200, 1880. 
 
 MfiHard(Am. Min., VII., x., 150, 1876), describes crystals, in which a basal section con- 
 sisted of six sectors; he assumes that the apparently rhombohedral crystals are really com- 
 posed of three orthorhombic individuals. Bertrand (Bull. Soc. Min., i., J)5, 1878), describes 
 crystals from Siam (ruby) which are distinctly biaxial, with a widely varying axial angle 
 from nearly up to 58. Tschermak (Min. Petr. Mitth., ii., 362, 1878), mentions crystals 
 from Ceylon having a monoclinic symmetry in the distribution of the planes, and also 
 optically biaxial. He concludes that many crystals are built up of monoclinic particles, 
 occasionally so grouped as to give uniaxial effects in polarized light. 
 
 COSALITE, Min., p. 797; App. II., p. 13. A mineral, apparently identical with cosalite, 
 is called BJELKITE by Sjogren (Geol. For. Forh., iv., 106, 1878; ett nytt vismuthsvafladt 
 svafelbly, Lundxlrom, ib. , ii., 178, 1874). Its characters are as follows: Massive, fibrous, 
 radiated. II. = 2 5-3. G. == 6'39-6-?5. Lustre metallic. Color steel gray. Streak 
 grayish black. Composition PbjBi 2 S 5 2PbS + Bi^Sa. Analyses: 1, Lundstrom (1. c.); 
 2, 3, Sjogren (1. c.). 
 
 S Bi Pb Fe 
 
 1. 1783 3J-40 37-64 5 -13 = 100, Lundstrom. 
 
 2. 1598 41-55 4010 -07, insol. 2 1!) = 100-49, Sjogren. 
 
 3. 16-48 41-86 3i)'19 1 '32 =-98'85, Sjogren. 
 
 The material used in (1) was probably more or less impure through the presence of a 
 little pyrrhotite. B. B. fuses easily, giving reactions for lead, bismuth, and sulphur; 
 slowly attacked by HC1, dissolved in fuming nitric acid, with the separation of lead sul- 
 phate. From the Bjelke mine, in Nordmark, Wermland, Sweden. 
 
 Cossyrite, H. Foerstner, Z. Kryst., v.. 348, 1881. 
 
 Triclinic, with a = 90 6', ft = 102 12', and y = 89 54', / A 1' = 114 5'. Form near that 
 of amphibole, but differing in the prismatic zone. Cleavage /and 1 distinct. Twins with 
 the brachypinacoid as twinning plane. Crystals minute, 1-5 mm. long, and 0'5-0'6 mm. 
 broad. G. = 3-74-375. Color black. Analysis: 
 
 Si0 2 Fe. 2 O 3 Al,0 3 FeO MnO CuO MgO CaO Na 2 K 2 O 
 43-55 .7-97 4-96 . 32-87 1'98 0'30 0*86 2'01 529 0-33 = 100-21. 
 
 Approaches in composition some ferruginous amphiboles. B. B. fuses easily to a brownish 
 black glass. Partially decomposed by acids. Found imbedded in the liparite lavas of the 
 island Pantellaria, whose ancient name was Cossyra. The crystals examined were weathered 
 out of the ground mass. 
 
 Cotterite. See Quartz, p. 101. 
 
32 APPENDIX III. 
 
 COTUNNITE, Min., p. 117; App. II , p. 13. In semi-crystalline masses of a whitish color, 
 with a tinge of yellow or green, with other lead minerals, Montagne de Challacallo, Rai- 
 mondi, Min. Perou, p. 172, 1878. 
 
 COVELLITE, Min., p. 83. Anal.. New Annan. Nova Scotia, Louis, Trans. N. S. Inst., iv., 
 424, 1878. 
 
 CROCIDOLITE, Min., p. 243; App. II., p. 13. An analysis by Dolter (Z. Kryst., iv., 40, 
 1879), afforded: SiO 2 5211, A1 2 3 I'Ol, Fe,0 3 20'62, FeO 16'75, MgO 1-77, Na 2 [6'16], 
 H 2 1'58 100; locality South Africa. This confirms the ordinary belief as to its close 
 relation to arfvedsonite (q. v. , p. 9). 
 
 See also AbriacJianite, p. 1. 
 
 CROCOITE, Min., p. 028. Cryst., v. Kokscharof, Min. Russl., vii., 97, 1877. 
 Occurrence in Arizona, Silliman, Am. J. Sc., III., xxi., 203, 1881. 
 
 CRONSTEDTITE, Min., p. 503; App. II., p. 13. Cryst., Przibram, etc., v. Zepharovich, 
 Ber. Ak. Wien, Ixxi., 276, 1875. In parallel position with pyrite crystals, id., Lotos, 1880. 
 
 Anal., Przibram, Janovsky, J. pr. Chem., II., xi., 378, 1875. Cornwall, Held, Phil. 
 Mag., V., v., 52, 1878. 
 
 CRYOCONITE, App. II., p. 13. Original material examined by v. Lasaulx proved to con- 
 sist principally of quartz and mica, with also feldspar, hornblende, magnetite, garnet, and 
 probably epidote and cyanite ; metallic iron was not identified. The composition is near 
 that of a gneiss, and v. Lasaulx concludes that the supposed cosmical dust of NordenskiSld 
 is in fact terrestrial, and probably came from the gneiss region of the coast of Greenland. 
 Min. Petr. Mitth., iii., 521, 1881. 
 
 CRYOLITE, Min., p. 126; App. IT., p. 14. Greenland, monoclinic instead of triclinic, 
 according to Krenner, J. Min., 1877, 504. 
 Artificial alteration products, Nollner, ZS. G. Ges., xxxiii., 139, 1881. 
 
 Cryptohalite. A fluo-silicate of ammonium (NH 4 F, SiF 2 ), whose probable existence 
 with sal ammoniac in a Vesuvian fumarole is suggested by Scacchi, Att. Accad. Napoli, 
 vi.; Contr. Min., ii., 37, 1874. 
 
 CRYPTOLITE, Min., p. 529. In apatite from Arendal, Fischer, Z. Kryst., iv., 374, 1880. 
 See also Rhabdophane. 
 
 CRYPTOMORPHITE, Min., p. 599; App. II., p. 14. Relation to priceite, How, Min. Mag., 
 i., 257, 1877. 
 
 CRYSTALLITES. App. II., p. 14. 
 CUBANITE. Min., p. 65; App. II., p. 14. 
 
 CULSAGEEITE. App. II., p. 14 (30) 
 
 CUPRITE. Min. j p. 133; App. II., p. 14. 
 CUPROAPATITE. App. II., p. 14. 
 
 Ouprocalcite. Raimondi, Domeyko, 5th Append., Min. Chili, 1876; Min. Pe*rou, p. 
 135, 1878. In small masses and in bands intimately mixed with a ferruginous calcite. 
 H. =3. G. = 3-90. Color bright vermilion red. Analysis gave: CiioO 50 '45, CaO 20 '16, 
 'C0 2 24-00, H 2 8-20, Fe Q : , 0-60, Al,0 a 0-20, MgO 0'97, Si0. 2 0'30 = 9 )'88. Formula 
 deduced (Cu 2 O) 2 C0 2 + 2CaC0 3 + H 2 0. Soluble in hydrochloric acid with effervescence ; 
 the solution, formed out of contact with the air, has a strong deoxidizing power, precipi- 
 tating gold from solutions of gold salts. From the mines of Canza, near the city of lea, 
 
APPENDIX ITI. 
 
 33 
 
 Peru ("According to the results of Damour this is only an intimate mixture of calcium 
 carbonate and copper oxide (Cu 2 0), Bull. Soc. Min., i., 130, 1878.] 
 
 CUPROMAGNESITE. App. II., p. 14. 
 
 CUPROSCHEELITK. Min., p. 6C6; App. II., p. 14. 
 
 CUPROTUNGSTITE. App. II., p. 14. 
 CUPROVANADITE. App. II., p. 15. 
 
 u^ T/##y^ 
 
 f/'msfrrf 
 
 ^ 4r?ORS% 
 
 Cuspidine. Scacchi, Rend. Accad. Napoli, Oct., 1876; Z. Kryst., i., 398, 1877. Ortho- 
 rhombic. In spear-shaped crystals, formed of two pyramids, 1 and 2-f , with also \-l and i-4. 
 1 A 1 = 112 8' and 77 50' terminal, and 146 30' basal. 1-i A l- = 40 38'. b : I : ft = 
 1-9376 : 1 : 0'7173. Cleavage in one direction (basal). II. = 5-6. G. = 2-853-2-860. Color 
 pale rose red. Contains 8iO 2 , CaO, F, and C0 2 , the last probably from incipient altera- 
 tion; composition stated to be perhaps Ca 2 Si0.i, with about one-third of the lime replaced 
 by CaF 2 , but analysis not given. B. B. fusible with difficulty. Readily soluble in dilute 
 acids. From Vesuvius. Named in allusion to the spear-shaped crystals. [A more 
 complete chemical examination is to be desired.] 
 
 Vom Rath has described crystals of a mineral which resembled cuspidine. but which 
 could not be positively identified with it (Ber. nied. Ges. Bonn, Feb. 7, 1881). He has 
 since shown that this mineral is not cuspidine. He has also made a more exact determina- 
 tion of the form of the original cuspidine. It is monoclinic with c (vert) : b : a = 1-9623 : 
 1 : 0'7247, and ft = 90 55' 41". The crystals are twins, which Scacchi suggested might be 
 the case. Ber. nied. Ges. Bonn, Nov. 7, 1881. 
 
 CYAXTTE, Min., p. 375; App. II., p. 14. The hitherto imperfectly known crystalline 
 form of cyanite has been fully described by Bauer (ZS. G. Ges., xxx., 288, 1878; xxxi., 
 244, 1879f xxxii., 717, 1880); and vom Rath (Z. Kryst., iii., 187, 1878; v., 17, 1880). See 
 also Mallard (Bull. Soc. Min., ii., 9, 1879). 
 
 Made artificially, Fremy and Feil, C. R., Ixxxv., 1032, 1877. 
 
 Pseudomorph from Pregratten, Tyrol, Bohm, Min. Petr. Mitth., ii., 522, 1879. 
 
 Anal., North Thompson R., British Columbia, Hoffmann, Geol. Canada, 1880. 
 
 C'YMATOLITE. See Spodumenc, p. 112. 
 
 Cyprusite. P. F. Reinsrh, Proc. Roy. Soc., xxxiii., 119, 1881. A supposed new iron 
 sulphate, of very doubtful character. Occurs in large quantities, but in an impure condition, 
 incmsting the surface of a hill in the western part of the island of Cyprus. Soft, chalk- 
 like. Color yellowish ; in powder intense sulphur yellow. H. = 2. G. = 1'7. Slightly 
 soluble in water, soluble in boiling HC1, leaving a siliceous residue. An approximate 
 analysis gave : SO 3 21 5, Fe 2 3 (A1 2 O 3 tr.) 51 -5, insol. siliceous substance 25, H 2 O (hygro- 
 scopic) 2 = 100. Contains a large percentage of well preserved siliceous shells of microscopic 
 Radiolaria. 
 
 CYRTOLITE, Min., p. 275. A mineral regarded as related to cyrtolite by Nordenskiold 
 (Geol. For. Forh., iii., 229, 1876), has the following characters: In tetragonal crystals 
 (1 and *-*'), resembling dodecahedrons. Color yellow to yellowish brown. Translucent. 
 H. =5-5-6. G. = 3-29. Analysis: SiOo 27-66, ZrO 2 (with a little AL0 3 ) 41-78, Er 2 s , 
 Y,0 3 8-49, Ce 2 3 3-98, CaO 5-06, MgO MO, H 2 12-07, FeO tr. = 100-14, Occurs with 
 fergusonite, arrhenite, xenotime, at Ytterby, Sweden. 
 
 DAMOURITE. See Mica Group, p. 77. 
 
 DANAITE. See Arsenopyrite, p. 10; and App. II., p. 15. 
 3 
 
34 
 
 APPENDIX III. 
 
 DANALITE, Min., p. 265. A mineral occurring in isometric octahedrons with magnetite 
 and quartz, at the iron mine, Bartlett, N. H., is referred to danalite by Wadsworth (Proc. 
 Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xx., 284, 1879). All the characters so far as observed agreed with 
 that species, and the result of the blowpipe examination seems to set the matter above 
 doubt. 
 
 DANBURITE, Min., . 299. From Russell^N. Y., described by_G. J. Brush and E. S. 
 
 Is belong to the 
 topaz; JA / = 
 
 A 1-* 97" 7'. Some of the common and simpler forms 
 are shown in the adjoining figures. Here I = i-%, n = i-4, d = l-i,w = 4-4, r = 2-2. The 
 
 optic axes lie in the basal plane, the bisectrix normal to the brachypinacoid is negative 
 and is acute for red (2V a = 87 37'), but obtuse for blue (2V - 90 56'); p = 1*634 (Li). 
 H. = 7-7-25. Gr. = 2 -986-8 -021. Color pale wine yellow, honey yellow to yellowish brown. 
 Transparent. Lustre brilliant, vitreous to greasy (massive). Fracture uneven to sub- 
 conchoidal. An analysis by Comstock gave : 
 
 Si0 2 
 
 (!) 48-23 
 
 B_,0 3 
 26-93 
 
 CaO' 
 23-24 
 
 ALO, (Fc 2 ;i tr.) ign. 
 0-47 0-63 = 99-50. 
 
 Formula, same as that for the original mineral from Danbury, viz. : CaB. Si 8 = Si0 2 
 48-78, B,0 3 28-46, CaO 22-76 = 100. Occurs in small brilliant crystals imbedded in calcite, 
 also in larger crystals in cavities from which the calcite has been weathered out, and 
 massive. Associated minerals, quartz, calcite, mica, pyroxene, titanite. 
 
 The optical properties of the danburite from Danbury, Conn., have been examined by 
 Des Cloizeaux (Bull. Soc. Min., in., 105). 
 
 DATOLITE, 
 Italy, 
 Samml. 
 
 358, 1883; Theiss! Tyrol^ ib., v., 425, 1881. Niederkirchen, Nahethal, Lehniann, Z. 
 Kryst., v., 529, 1881. Andreasberg, v. Kokscharof, Min. Russl., viii., 139, 1881. 
 
 Thermal and optical properties, Bodewig, Pogg. Ann., clviii., 230, 1876. Pyro-electrieal 
 properties, Hankel, Wied. Ann., vi., 57, 1879. 
 
 Anal., Casarza, Liguria, Issel, Boll. Com. Geol., 1879, 530. Kuchelbad, near Prague, 
 Bohemia, Preis, Z. Kryst., iv., 360, 1880. The datolite described by Smith (App, II., p. 
 16), as occurring with garnet and vesuvianite, was from San Carlos, Inyo Co., Cal. (Hanks), 
 not from Santa Clara. 
 
 DAUBEEITE. App. II., p. 16. 
 
 Daubreelite. J. L. Smith, Am. J. Sc., III., xii., 109, 1876 ; xvi., 270, 1878. 
 
 Massive ; somewhat scaly, structure crystalline. Cleavage in one direction.' Gr. = 5 -01. 
 Lustre metallic, brilliant. Color black. Streak black. Brittle. Fracture uneven. Not 
 magnetic. Composition (analogous to spinel group) FeS + Cr 2 S 3 = FeS 30'45, Cr 2 S 3 69'55 
 = 100. Analysis : 
 
 (3) 
 
 S 
 
 42-69 
 43-26 
 
 Cr 
 
 35-91 
 36-38 
 
 Fe 
 
 20-10 = 98-70, 
 20-36 = 100. 
 
 B. B. infusible, loses lustre and (R. F.) becomes magnetic. With borax reacts for chro- 
 
APPENDIX in. 35 
 
 mium. Not attacked by cold nor by hot hydrochloric acid, but completely dissolved in 
 nitric acid, without the liberation of iree sulphur. 
 
 Occurs associated with troilite, on the borders of troilite nodules, or as minute veins 
 runnin"- across them, in the meteoric irons, from Cohahuila, Mexico. Also identified in 
 the iron of Toluca, Mexico, of Sevier, Tenn., and of Cranboume, Australia. Named after 
 M. Daubree, of Paris. 
 
 The name schreibersite was given by Shepard to a supposed chromium sesquisulphide, 
 occurring in the Bishop ville meteorite (Am. J. Sc., II., h., 383, 1846): the name was after- 
 ward changed by Haidinger to shepardite. 
 
 Daubreite. I. DomeyJco, C. ft., Ixxxii., 922, 1876 ; Min. Chili, p. 297, 1879. 
 
 Amorphous ; structure compact, earthy, in' part fibrous. H. = 2-2-5. G. = 6'4-6'S. 
 Color yellowish to grayish white. Opaque. 
 
 Composition 4 (Bi.'Oa) + Bi.,Cl e = Bi,0 3 7616, Bi*Cl n 23-84 = 100. Analysis, Domeyko 
 (1. c.): BiaOj 89-60, Cl 7-50, 11,6 3-84 (V), Fe,,0 3 0-72, or Bi,O 3 72-63, Bi 2 Cl e 22-52, H 2 3-84, 
 Fe.Os 0-72 = 99-08. In the closed tube gives off acid water, and becomes grayish in color; 
 but on continued heating below fusion turns yellow again. B. B. colors the flame slightly 
 blue ; in very thin splinters fuses on the end instantly, the fused part becoming black and 
 compact. Soluble in hydrochloric acid in the cold without residue, the solution having a 
 more or less yellow color. 
 
 Occurs at the Constancia mine, Cerro de Tazna, Bolivia. Named after M. Daubree, of 
 Paris. Daubreite is related to the artificial compounds 2(Bi 2 3 ) + Bi 2 Cl and 6 (Bi 2 3 ) 
 + Bi,Cl 6 . 
 
 Davreuxite. De KonincTc, Bull. Ac. Roy. Belg., II., xlvi., 240, 1878. 
 
 Orthorhombic (on optical grounds). Resembles asbestos. In aggregates of slendw 
 transparent acicnlar crystals, light extinction parallel and perpendicular to longitudinal 
 direction. Cleavage transverse to needles(?). Color white, with a tinge of flesh red. 
 Analysis of material free from impurity, except quartz : 
 
 Si0 2 Al,0 3 MnO MgO IT.,0 
 
 (I) 55-94 33-59 525 MO 4-19 Fe,0 3 or FeO tr. = 100 07. 
 
 The amount of quartz was determined as from 13 to 18 p. c. ; in the above analysis 16*63 
 p. c. ; and the remainder corresponds approximately to the formula HI (Mn, Mg) [Al..] 3 
 Si.,0,..,, which requires: SiO, 4689, AL,0 3 40-19, MnO 6-93, MgO 1-30, II 2 4*69 = 100. 
 B. B. infusible ; with soda a manganese reaction ; with cobalt solution a blue color. 
 Slightly attacked by acids. Occurs in quartz veins in the Ardennes schists, at Ottre, Bel- 
 gium. Named after M. Ch. Davreux. 
 
 DAVYNE, Min., p. 328. Relation to cancrinite and microsommite, Rtiuff. Z. Kryst., ii., 
 
 478, 1878. 
 
 DAWSONITE, App. II., p. 16. Optical examination, Des Cloizeaux, Bull. Soc. Min., i., 8, 
 1878. 
 
 Occurs in the province of Siena, Pian Castagnaio, Tuscany, according to Chaper (Bull. Soc. 
 Min., iv., 155, 1881). Found in thin plates, radiated, and formed of fine fibres in a quartz- 
 ose rock, impregnated with dolomite, in part argillaceous ; associated with calcite, dolo- 
 mite, pyrite, fluorite, and cinnabar. An analysis by Friedel (ib., iv., 28) afforded : (f ) C0 2 
 29-09, A1 2 3 35-89, Na,0 19-13, H 2 O 12-00, MgO 1-39, CaO 0-42 ; formula Na 2 [AU CoO., 
 2H,0 or 3Na 3 C0 8 + A1,,C 3 O 9 + 2[A1 2 ] H 6 , which requires : C0 2 30'4, Alo0 3 35'6, Na 2 O 
 21-5, H 2 12-5 = 100. 
 
 Recently found at the Montreal reservoir, Canada, Harrington (Can. Nat., x., 1831 \ 
 Analysis, after deducting impurities, principally calcite : C0 a 27'78, AL0 3 36-12, Na>0 
 22-86, H a O 13-24 = 100. 
 
 DECHENITE. Min., p. 609 ; App. II., p. 16. 
 DELAFOSSITE. App. II., p. 16. 
 
36 APPENDIX III. 
 
 DELESSITE, Min., p. 497 ; App. II., p. 16. Analyses of several related minerals, Scot- 
 land, Neddie, Trans. Soc. Edinb., xxix., 81, 1879. 
 
 A blackish green chloritic mineral, filling cavities in eruptive rocks in the ThiHneer 
 Wald, gave Pufahl (G. = 2--^- 
 
 100-21. 
 
 SiO a Ti0 2 A1 2 3 Fe 2 3 FeO MnO MgO CaO K 2 Na 2 P 2 5 S0 3 COo H.,0 
 28-79 0-18 16-74 4-83 18-30 031 16'62 0'98 0'28 024 0'08 026 0-35 1225 = 
 
 For this the formula is calculated R 7 [R 2 ]sSi 5 2 s + 7aq. Weiss proposes the name SUB- 
 DELESSITE for varieties of delessite which show but little Fe 2 3 , and much FeO ZS G. 
 Ges., xxxi., 801, 1879. 
 
 See also Diabantite, p. 37; Hullite, p. 60, etc. 
 
 DELVAUXITE, Min., p. 583. Ausstrich, Bohemia, occurrence and composition, Vala and 
 Helmhacker, J. Min., 1875, 317. Vise, Belgium, Jorissen finds 0-30 As 2 O 5 and 010 
 V 2 5 , and deduces the formula [FeoJsP-tOor,, 15H 2 O, or if the water lost by desiccation at 
 ordinary temperatures is included, the same with llaq additional. Mem. Soc. Geol. Belg., 
 vi., 38/1879. 
 
 DERNBACHITE, App. II., p. 16. See Beudantite, p. 15. 
 
 DESCLOIZITE, Min., p. 609; App. II., p. 16. Cryst. description, probably monoclinic, 
 Venus mine, Department de Minas, and other localities in the Sierra de Cordoba, Argentine 
 Republic, Websky, Z. Kryst., v., 542, 1881 (Ber. Ak. Berlin, 1880, 672). 
 
 Analyses, Cordoba: 1, dark brown crystals, Rammelsberg ; 2, Doring : 
 
 
 
 V 2 5 As 2 5 PbO ZnO FeO MnO CuO II 2 Cl 
 
 1. G. = 6-080 ($) 22-74 ....56-4816-60 .... 1 -16 .... 2-34 0-24 = 99'56. 
 
 2. (1)21-41 0-27 56-20 1703 0-97 0-58 0-28 2'35 0'26 insol. 0-47 = 99'82. 
 
 In light brown crystals (G. = 5-915) Rammelsberg obtained PbO 54'35, ZnO 20 '93. These 
 analyses lead to the formula R 4 V 2 9 , H 2 or R 3 V 2 8 + RH 2 2 (Ber. Ak. Berlin. 1880, 
 652; and ZS. G. Ges., xxxii., 709, 1880). This formula is analogous to that of libethenite, 
 the form of which, as shown by Des Cloizeaux, is also near that of descloizite. On the 
 other hand, Rammelsberg show's that the analysis of Damour (Min., p. 609) after the de- 
 duction of the soluble portion reduces to V 2 5 24*80, PbO 60'40, ZnO 2-25, FeO 1-48, MnO 
 5-87, CuO 0-99, H,0 2-43, Cl 0-35 = 98-57, and this corresponds to R 3 V 2 0,, H 2 0, with 
 R = (Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu) : Pb = 1 : 2. Rammelsberg throws some doubt over the correctness 
 of Damour's analysis. 
 
 Probable occurrence of descloizite in Arizona, Silliman, Am. J. Sc., III., xxii., 201, 
 1881. 
 
 A vanadate, related to descloizite, has been called BRACKEBUSCHITE by Doring (Ram- 
 melsberg, ZS. G. Ges., xxxii., 711, 1880). The description is as follows : 
 
 Occurs in small striated prismatic crystals. Color black. An analysis gave Doring, 
 after the deduction of 4 '36 p. c. insoluble : V 2 5 25'32, P 2 S 0'18, PbO 61-00, FeO 465, 
 MnO 4-77, ZnO 1'29, CuO 0-42, H 2 203 = 99-66. Rammelsberg deduces the formula 
 R 3 V 2 O h + H 2 0, with Fe : Mn : Pb = 1 : 1 : 4, this gives : V 2 6 25-45, PbO 62-09, Fe05;01, 
 MnO 4'95, H 2 2*50 = 100. Occurs with descloizite and vanadinite, at several localities 
 in the State of Cordoba, Argentine Republic. Named for Dr. D. Luis Brackebusch, of 
 Buenos Ayres. fit is of interest, that the analysis of Doring of this mineral, and that of 
 Damour (as recalculated by Rammelsberg) on the supposed original descloizite, give very 
 nearly identical results ; the relation of the two minerals is still uncertain.] 
 
 Destinezite. Forir and Jorissen, Bull. Soc. Geol. Belg., vii., 117, 1881. Announced as 
 an iron phosphate, near delvauxite, containing, according to Jorissen, P_>0 fl , As 2 , V 2 f) , 
 Fe 2 O 3 , A1 3 3 , CaO, MgO (tr.), CuO (tr.). Dissolves in hydrochloric acid leaving a slight 
 residue of impurities. Occurs in yellowish white nodular masses of an earthy aspect on 
 the surface, but dull on the ffacture. From the ampelite at Argenteau, Belgium. Named 
 after M. Destinez. A complete description is promised. 
 
 DEWALQUITE. App. II., p. 16(4). 
 
APPENDIX III. 37 
 
 Diabantite. G. W. Hawes, Am. J. Sc., III., ix., 454, 1875. DIABANTACHRONNYN, Liebe, 
 Jahrb. Min., 1870 (Appendix I., p. 4). 
 
 Massive, with a foliated radiated structure. H. = 1. G. 2-79. Color dark green. 
 Strongly dichroic. Analyses by Hawes (1. c.), on separate samples, each proved by the 
 microscope to be homogeneous : 
 
 Si0 2 AL0 3 Feo0 8 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na.O H.,0 
 
 1. (|) 33-24 11-07 2-26 25-11 0'41 lii'Sl I'll 0'25 9'91 = 99'87. 
 
 2. (f ) 33-68 10-84 2'86 24-33 0'38 16-52 0'73 0-33 10-02 = 99-69. 
 
 Theso analyses give a quantivalent ratio of R : [R 2 ] : Si : H 4 : 2 : 6 : 3, or that of a 
 unisilicate. This corresponds to the formula Ri 2 [K 2 ] 2 Si 9 O 3 6 + 9aq, which is near to that 
 of pyrosclerite. Occurs filling amygdaloidal cavities in the trap of the Farmington Hills, 
 Conn. 
 
 The above mineral is similar to the diabantachronnyn of Liebe, in mode of occurrence 
 and in composition ; Hawes suggests the name diabantite as a substitute for the earlier 
 name. It is also very near to Wiik's euralite (App. I., p. 6). These and several other 
 similar minerals, epichlorite, hullite, etc., may fairly be classed with delessite, Min., 
 p. 497. 
 
 DIADOCHITE, Min., p. 588. Anal., Peydiagnard, Isere, Carnol, Bull. Soc. Min., iii., 39, 
 1880 ; Vedrin, Belgium, Bull. Soc. Geof. Belg., vii., 114, 1881. 
 
 DIALLAGE. See Pyroxene, p. 100. 
 DIALOGITE. See Rhodochrosite, p. 103. 
 
 DIAMOND, Min., p. 21; App. II., p. 16. Cryst., Rose-Sadebeck, Abh. Akad. Berlin, 
 1876, 85 (Z. Kryst., ii., 93, 1877), and ZS. G. Ges., xxx., 605, 1878. Hirschwald, Z. 
 Kryst, i., 212, 1877. Groth, Min.-Sajnml. Strassburg, p. 4, 1878. Baumhauer, Wied. 
 Ann., i., 462, 1877. Martin, ZS. G. Ges., xxx., 521, 1H78. 
 
 Striations on black diamond (carbonado), due to friction, Daubree, C. R., Ixxxiv. 1277, 
 1877. 
 
 Anomalous optical characters explained, Jannetlaz, Bull. Soc. Min., ii., 124, 1879. 
 
 Occurrence in South Africa, E. J. Dunn, Q. J. Geol. Soc., xxxiii., 879, 1877; xxxvii., 
 609, 1881; Chapet, Bull. Soc. Min., ii., 195, 1879; Friedel, ib., ii., 197; Fouque and Levy, 
 ii., 216 ; iii., 189 ; J. A. Roorda Smit, Arch. Neerland, xv., 61, 1880 ; A. Sjdgren, Geol. 
 For. Forh., vi , 10, 1882. In South America, Oorceix, Bull Soc. Min., iii., 36, 1880 ; and 
 C.R., xciii., 98, 1881. 
 
 Made artificially, J. B. Hannay, Proc. Roy. Soc., xxx., 188, 450, 1880. 
 
 DIAPHORITE. App. I., p. 4; see also Freieslebenite, p. 48. 
 DIASPORE. Min., p. 168; App. II., p. 17. 
 
 Dickinsonite. Gr. J. Brush and E. S. Dana, Am. J. Sc., III., xvi., 114, 1878. 
 
 Monoclinic ; pseudo-rhombohedral. Axes, c : b : a = 0'6917 : 
 0-5773 : 1; ft = 61 30'. Observed planes (see figure) : (c\ 
 i-l (b), i-i (a\ 1 (p), 2 (*) - 3-z (a?). 1 f\l = 66 36', c A a = 118 
 30', c A x = 137 30', c A p = 118 52', c A = 97 58'. Crys- 
 tals rare, tabular in habit, with triangular striations on basal 
 plane ; commonly foliated to micaceous. Massive ; also curved 
 lamellar, radiated or stellated. Cleavage : basal perfect. 
 
 H. = 3-5-4. G. = 3-338-3-343. Lustre vitreous, on cleav- 
 age face somewhat pearly. Color olive to oil green, in masses 
 dark grass green. Streak nearly white. Transparent to 
 translucent. Fracture uneven. Brittle. Planes oi' light- 
 vibration parallel (grass green) and normal (yellow-green) to edge c/a in basal section. 
 
 Composition : 4R 3 P 2 O 8 + 3aq. If R = Mn : Fe : Ca : Na 2 = 5 : 2 : 3 : Ii, percentage 
 composition : P 2 5 40'05, FeO 12-69, MnO 25'04, CaO 11-85, Na 2 6-56, H 2 O 3'81 = 100. 
 
38 APPENDIX HI. 
 
 Analyses : 1, 2, by S. L. Penfield ; 1, after deduction of impurities, viz., 3-30 p. c. quartz, 
 and 6'89 p. c. eosphorite ; 2, after deducting 1-89 p. c. quartz, 6 '89 p. c. eosphorite. 
 
 P 5 FeO MnO CaO LioO NaoO KoO H,0 
 
 1. 39-36 12-40 25-10 13-36 0-03 5-25 0-89 3'86 = 100-25. 
 
 2. 39-53 11-90 23-96 [14-98] 0-24 4-78 0'73 3*88 = 100-00. 
 
 In the closed tube gives water, the first portions of which are neutral, but the last 
 portions react faintly acid; the residue is magnetic. Fuses in the naked lamp-flame, and 
 B. B. in the forceps colors the flame at first green then greenish yellow ; reacts for iron 
 and manganese with the fluxes. Soluble in acid. 
 
 Occurs at Branchville, Fail-field Co., Conn., intimately associated with eosphorite, trip- 
 loidite, and other species in nests in a vein of albitic granite. Often disseminated in 
 minute plates through massive eosphorite, giving it a green color ; similarly imbedded 
 in lithiophilite. Named after Eev. Wm. Dickinson, formerly of Redding. 
 
 Dietrichite. V. SchrocJcinger, Verb. G. Eeichs., 1878, 189. Arzruni, Z, Kryst., vi., 92, 
 1881. In fine fibrous, tufted forms, as an efflorescence or incrusting. Monoclinic ( V), Arzruni. 
 H. =2. Lustre silky. Color dirty white to brownish yellow. Easily soluble in water; 
 taste like vitriol. B.B. fusible. Composition (Zn,Fe,Mn) S0 4 + A1,S 3 J2 + 22aq. Analy- 
 sis by Dietrich : 
 
 S0 3 Al 3 ZnO FeO MnO MgO H- 2 
 
 35-94 10-92 3-70 3-11 1-74 0'33 44-38 = 100-12. 
 
 A recent formation (within 14 years") in an abandoned working at Felsobanya, Transyl- 
 vania. [Belongs with the related alums, mendozite, bosjemanite, halotrichite, etc.] 
 
 DIOPSIDE. See Pyroxene, p. 100. 
 DIMORPHITE. Min., p. 28; App. II., p. 17. 
 
 DIOPTASE, Min., p. 401; App. II., p. 17. Cryst., v. Kokscharof, Min. Russl., vi., 285, 
 1875; vii., 218, 18:8. Chili, vom Ratli, Z. Kryst., v., 257, 1880; Bauer, ZS. G. es. 
 xxxii., 714, 1880. [Bauer states that the reported occurrence of dioptase in Nassau is a 
 mistake, see Syst. Min., p. 402; Text-Book, p. 279.] 
 
 DOLEROPHANITE. App. II., p. 17. 
 
 DOLOMITE, Min., p. 68; App. II., p. 17. Cryst., Bex, Switzerland, v. Kokscharof, Min. 
 Russl., vii., 1, 1875; Bull. Ac. St. Pet., xxi., 47, 1875. Binnenthal, etc., Groth, Min.- 
 Samml. Strassburg, p. 127, 1878. 
 
 Relation to the other rhombohedral carbonates discussed, Tschermak, Min. Petr. Mitth., 
 iv., 99, 1881. 
 
 Anal., Bleiberg, Carinthia, von ZepharovicTi, Z. Kryst., iii., 100. Anal, of var. micmite 
 (by John), from Zepce, Bosnia, F. v. Hauer, Verh. G. Reichs., 1879, 121. 
 
 Origin of dolomite discussed, Doelier and Hoernes, Jahrb. G. Reichs., xxv., 293, 1875; 
 Hoppe-Seyler, ZS. G. Ges., xxvii., 495, 1875. 
 
 DOMEYKITE. Min., p. 36; App. II., p. 17. 
 
 DOPPLERITE, Min., p. 749. A black gelatinous hydrocarbon, related to dopplerite, is 
 described by T. Cooper (Eng. Min. Journ., Aug. 13, 1881), as found in a stratum of muck 
 below a peat bed, at Scranton, Penn. More particularly described by H. C. Lewis (Am. Phil. 
 Soc. Philad., Dec. 2, 1881). When first found it was jelly-like in consistency, but on 
 exposure to the air it becomes tougher and is elastic, somewhat like india-rubber, and 
 finally when quite dry it is brittle and nearly as hard as coal. Only partially dissolved in 
 hot alcohol, but completely in caustic potash. When dry burns with a yellow flame. 
 Analysis by J. M. Stinson, of material dried at 100 C., gave: C 28-99, H 5-17, N 2 -46, 
 56-98, ash 6-40 100; for which the empirical formula CioH 23 Oi<i is calculated. Lewis 
 
APPENDIX III. 39 
 
 suggests that the various allied jelly-like hydrocarbons may be grouped together under the 
 name PHYTOCOLLITE (cpvrov, dA/la, as plant jelly), but the new name is hardly needed. 
 
 DUDLEYITE. App. II., p. 18. 
 
 DUFRENITE, Min., 583; App. II., p. 18. Anal., Dept. of Freirina, Atacama, Domeyko, 
 Min. Chili, 3d ed., p. 161, 1879. From the Rothlaufchen mine, near Waldgirmes (krau- 
 rite), Streng, J. Min., 1881, i., 110. 
 
 In radiated coarsely fibrous masses of a dark greenish-brown color, forming an irregular 
 bed of about 10 inches in depth, underlying limonite, in Rockbridge Co., Va. ; anal, by J. 
 L. Campbell: Po0 5 31 '76, Fc,0 8 50-85, Al,0 3 0-21, FeO 6-14, MnO 0-40, CaO 1-12, MgO 
 0-76, H 2 8-53, insol.-O'lS = 99'89. Am. J. Sc., III., xxii., 65, 1881. The same occur- 
 rence was earlier analyzed by Massie (Ch. News, xlii., 24, 181, 1880), and with almost 
 identical results. 
 
 DUFRENOYSITE. Min., p. 92; App. II., p. 18. 
 
 Dumortierite. Gonnard, Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 2, 1881; Bertrand, ib., iii., 171; andiv., 
 9; Damour, ib., iv., 6. 
 
 Orthorhombic (on optical grounds). Occurs in minute prismatic crystals, always twins, 
 prismatic angle inferred to be about 1^0. Biaxial, negative bisectrix parallel to the 
 longitudinal direction of the crystals, axial angle small, dispei-sion p < v. Remarkably 
 dichroic ; colorless when the crystals are parallel, and deep cobalt blue when perpendicular 
 to the plane of polarization. The phenomenon of houppes observed in fragments of '01 
 mm. thickness, even more strikingly than in andalusite (Bertrand). G. = 3'36 (see below). 
 Color light blue. Analysis, Damour: 
 
 Al,0 3 Fe,0 3 MgO i-n 
 
 60-O.J 1-01 0-45 2-25 = 99-53. 
 
 Calculated formula [Al.,] ,Si,0, , which requires : Si0 2 30'40, A1 2 3 69-60. [The material 
 analyzed was obtained by attacking the granite in which it occurred with a mixture of HF 
 and HoSO,. This mineral was then separated from the quartz and ether substances unde- 
 comppsed by the Thoulet liquid. Necessarily, therefore, more or less doubt surrounds the 
 chemical composition; the Ios.s by ignition is also neglected in the formula.] Damour 
 thinks the blue color may be due to blue oxide of titanium. B. B. infusible, loses color on 
 strong ignition ; with cobalt solution a beautiful blue, characteristic of aluminum. With 
 salt of phosphorus gives a slightly bluish opaline bead. 
 
 Found in fibrous forms imbedded in feldspar in blocks of gneiss at Chaponost, near Lyons, 
 France, original locality probably Beaunan. Named for the pala3ontologist M. Eugene 
 Dumortier. 
 
 Duporthite, J. H. Collins, Min. Mag., i., 226, 1877. 
 
 In fibrous masses occupying fissures in serpentine. H. =2. G. 2*78. Lustre silky. 
 Color greenish to brownish gray. Flexible in thin fibres like asbestos. Analysis gave : 
 SiO, 49-21, A1 2 3 27-26, FeO 6-20, MgO 11-14, CaO 0-^9, Na,0 0-49, 11,0 3-90, do. hygro- 
 scopic 0-63 = 99-27. About half the water goes off only at an elevated temperature. A 
 relation to neolite (Min., p. 406), is suggested. From Duporth, near St. Austell, Cornwall. 
 [Needs further examination.] 
 
 DURANGITE, App. L, p. 4. Des Cloizeaux has investigated the crystalline form and 
 optical properties (Ann. Ch. Phys., V., iv., 401, 1875). An analysis by G. W. Hawes 
 (Brush, Am. J. So., III., xi., 464, 1876), of small dark-colored crystals (G. = 4-07, other 
 light-colored crystals gave G. =3 -937), afforded: 
 
 As 2 5 A1 2 3 Fe,0 3 Mn,,0 3 Na 2 Li 2 F 
 
 53-11 17-19 9'23 2-08 13'06 0-63 7-67* = 102-99, deduct 3-23 cor- 
 
 [responding to F = 99 -76. 
 * A second determination gave F = 7'49. 
 
40 APPENDIX III. 
 
 This gives the atomic ratio R : [R 2 ] : As = 2 : 1 : 2; the ratio of : F = 4'7 : 1. The 
 
 formula may be written R 2 [R 2 ] As 2 (0, F 2 ) a or nearly [R 2 ] As 2 8 + 2RF ; which is analo- 
 gous, as remarked by Brush (1. c. ), to amblygonite, to which, however, in form and optical 
 characters it has apparently no relation (Des Cl. ). 
 
 Durangite is described by H. G. Hanks (Am. J. Sc., III., xii., 274, 1876), as occurring 
 at the Barranca tin mine, eighteen miles north-east of Coneto, State of Durango, and about 
 ninety miles north-east of the city of Durango. The mineral is found not \vith the stream 
 tin, but in a vein four to six inches in thickness ; the crystals are sometimes attached to the 
 walls of the vein (here the large, light, orange-colored variety, App. I., p. 4), sometimes 
 with cassiterite in the white pulverulent matter which fills the veins (small, dark-colored 
 variety, see above). The largest crystal found was 19 mm. long, 11 mm. thick, and 
 weighed 3*022 grams. 
 
 Diirfeldtite. Raimondi, Mineraux du Perou, p. 125, 1878. 
 
 In masses with indistinct fibrous structure, also in fine needles. H. = 2'5. G: = 5'40. 
 Color light gray. Lustre metallic. Associated with quartz as gangue. After deduction 
 of impurities (31 "31 p. c. gangue), the composition is : 
 
 S Sb Pb Ag Cu Fe Mn 
 
 24-15 0-53 25-81 7'34 1-86 2'24 8D6 = 100. 
 
 For this the formula 3RS + Sb. 2 S 3 is deduced. B. B. on charcoal gives off antimonial 
 fumes, gives a lead coating, and leaves a globule rich in silver. With borax reacts for 
 manganese. From the Irismachay mine, Anquimarca, province Cajatambo, Peru. Named 
 after M. R. Diirfeldt. [This mineral is very near stylotypite, but differs in containing 
 lead instead of copper. An analysis of the pure mineral is to be desired.] 
 
 Duxite. Ddlter, Verh. G. Reichs., 1874, 145. A resin from the lignite of Dux, 
 Bohemia. Opaque. Color dark brown. G. = 1-133. Melts at 246. Fischer obtained 
 besides 2-72 water and 1-94 ash: C 78'25, H 8'14, 13'19, S 0'42 = 100. Near ^alchovite, 
 Min., p. 741. 
 
 Dysanalyte. A. Knop, Z. Kryst., i., 284, 1877. PEROFSKITE of former writers. 
 Isometric ; in cubes. Cleavage cubic. G. = 4-13. Color black. Analyses: 1, 2, Seneca 
 (Ann. Chem. Pharm., civ., 371, 1856) ; 3, Knop; 4, same as 3 after deduction of impurities: 
 
 Ti0 2 Cb,0 5 FeO MnO CeO CaO Na 2 
 
 1. 58-95 .... 6-23 35'69 . . . . = 100-87. 
 
 2.59-30 .... 5-99 35'94 ....=101-23. 
 
 3.40-57 22-73 5'70 0-42 5-58 19-36 3-50 Si0 2 2'31, MgO, K 2 0, Al 2 3 F,tr.= 100-17. 
 
 4.41-47 23-23 5-81 0-43 5'72 19-77 3-57=100. 
 
 The atomic ratio for R : Cb : Ti : = 7 : 2 : 6 : 24, corresponding approximately to 
 the formula RCb 2 6 + 6RTi0 3 . Found in the granular limestone of Vogtsburg, Kaisers- 
 tuhlgebirge, Baden. The mineral has previously been called perol'skite, but is in fact 
 closely related to pyrochlore (Min., p. 512), and koppite (App. II., p. 32. Named, in allu- 
 sion to the difficulty of the analysis, from dvSavdXuroS, hard to undo. 
 
 DYSCRASITE. Min., p. 35; App. I., p. 5. 
 
 DYSODILE, Min., p. 746. Anal., Church, Ch. News, xxxiv., 155, 1876. 
 
 Eggonite. Schrauf, Z. Kryst., iii., 352, 1879. 
 
 Triclinic. In minute ( to 1 mm.) crystals resembling common forms of barite (Min., p. 
 616, figs. 505 E, F), henceorthorhombic in habit. Closely related in angle tohopeite(Min., 
 p. 544, see also this Appendix, p. 59). H. = 4-5. Color light grayish brown. Streak 
 white. Lustre sub-adamantine. Translucent to transparent. B. B. infusible, becomes gray 
 and opaque. On charcoal with soda a cadmium coating (no zinc observed). With salt of 
 phosphorus a colorless bead enclosing a skeleton of silica. Insoluble in HC1 or HN0 3 . 
 Regarded as essentially a silicate of cadmium. 
 
 Occurs on and implanted in crystallized calamine, which in turn fills cavities in smith- 
 
APPENDIX III. 41 
 
 sonite; the last mineral is massive, coarse granular, and of a light brown color, and mixed 
 more or less with red clay. The eggonite is so called from FyyoroS, grandson, as being the 
 third generation in the series of 'zinc-cadmium compounds. From Altenberg. [Needs 
 further examination.] 
 
 EHLITE. See Pseudomalacliite, p. 97. 
 Eisenbrucit. See Brucite, p. 18. 
 
 Ekdemite. NordensJciold, Geol. For. Forh., hi., 379, 1877. 
 
 Tetragonal ( ?). Massive, coarsely granular : also as a crystalline incrustation. Cleav- 
 age : basal, nearly perfect. Optically uniaxial. H. = 2'5-3. G. = 7'14. Lustre on 
 cleavage plane vitreous, on fracture surfaces greasy. Color bright yellow to green. Trans- 
 lucent in thin splinters. Brittle. Composition: Pb 5 As.0 8 + 2PbCl 2 = As 2 O 5 10'59, PbO 
 59-67, Cl 7-58, Pb 22-16 = 100. Analysis (1. c.): 
 
 Aso0 3 PbO Cl Pb 
 
 10-60 58-25 8-00 23 "39 = 100-24. 
 
 Fuses easily to a yellow mass, with the loss of lead chloride as a white sublimate ; gives 
 a lead coating on charcoal. Soluble readily in nitric or warm hydrochloric acid. 
 
 Found at Langban, Wermland, Sweden, in small granular masses, imbedded in a yellow 
 manganesian calcite; also as an incrustation. Named from Zxdt/jiioS, unusual. 
 
 A mineral of similar appearance, also a compound of arsenic, lead, and chlorine, having 
 the same pyrognostic characters, occurs at Langban, as small lemon yellow grains in cal- 
 cite. Held to be orthorhombic on basis of crystalline form and optical character. OA! = 
 114 36', 1 A 1 = 101 '28; but as Groth shows (Z. Kryst., ii., 307), these angles give a ratio 
 1 : -967 for the lateral axes, so that it may be identical with ekdemite, and not as Norden- 
 skiold suggests, a dimorphous form. 
 
 EL^EOLITE. See Nephelite, p. 84; and App. IT., p. 18. 
 Eleonorite. See Beraunite. p. 13. 
 
 Elroquite. C. V. Shepard, Min. Contr., 1877. An apple green to gray, massive sub- 
 stance ; translucent to nearly opaque. H. = 6. G. = 2'35-2-40. Composition : SiOo 16'4, 
 AlsOs 16-4, Fe 2 3 13-8, H a O 21-8 [P 2 5 32-00 by difference] = 100. Regarded as a hydro- 
 silicate of Al,0 3 and Fe.Os, mixed with opaline silica and a supposed chromium phosphate, 
 to which "the green color was found to be due." To the chromium phosphate the name 
 PHOSPHOCHROMITE is given [see App. I., p. 9]. From the Island of Elroque, Caribbean 
 Sea. [The description of the mixture is so incomplete that the existence or the supposed 
 species cannot be regarded as proved.] 
 
 EMBOLITE, Min., p. 115; App. II., p. 18. A mineral from the silver mines in the 
 Troitzker Bezirk, Orenburg, gave W. von Beck (J. Min., 1876, 165) : Br 28 -44, Cl 8 -2 1, Ag 
 63-35 = 100, or AgBr 66 -83, AgCl 33-17 = 100, which corresponds to 3AgBr -t- 2AgCl. It 
 occurs in minute octahedral crystals, and in thin crusts. 
 
 EMERALD. See Beryl, p. 13. 
 
 EMPLECTITE, Min., p. 86; App. II., p. 18. Anal., Aamdal, Thelemarken, Norway, Daw, 
 Ch. News, xl., 225, 1879. 
 
 ENARGITE, Min., p. 107; App. II., p. 18. Cryst., Matzenkopfl, near Brixlegg, Tyrol, 
 von Zepharomch, Z. Kryst., iii., 600, 1879. In compound crystals, twins and star-shaped 
 threelings, twinning plane *-f, Argentine Republic, vom Rath, Z. Kryst., iv., 426. Also 
 f rom Mancayan, Luzon, twins, etc., Zetiler (Klein), J. Min., 1880, i., 159 (ret). 
 
 Anal., quoted by Brackebusch, Min. Repub. Argentina, 49. 1879. 
 Occurrence in Mexico, Burlchart, Naturaleza, iii., 336, 1875. 
 
 See also Clarite, p. 27, Famatinite, p. 45. 
 
42 ' APPENDIX III. 
 
 ENSTATITE, Min., p. 208; App. II., p. 18. Oryst., Kjorrestad, near Bamle, Norway, in 
 enormous crystals, with analyses, Brogger and vom Rath, Z. Kryst., i., 18, 1877. Groditz- 
 berg, near Liegnitz, Silesia, cryst. and optical exam., v. Lasaulx, J. Min., 1878, 673. 
 Snarum, pseudomorphous crystals, Seligmann, Z. Kryst., iii., 81, 1878. 
 
 Anal., Georgia, Xonig, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1877, 198. 
 
 Enysite, Collins, Min. Mag., i., 14, 1876; C. Le Neve Foster, ibid., p. 9. 
 
 Forms a bluish green stalagmitic crust. H. = 2-2 -5. G. 1'59. An analysis gave: 
 S0 3 8-12, A1 2 3 29-85, CuO 16'91, CaO 1-35, Si0 2 3'40, C0 2 1-05, H 2 (over H,SO 4 after 3 
 days) 14-04, at 150 C. 18-21, at a red heat 7'17, Fe 2 3 , Cl, Na 2 tr. - 100*10, Compare 
 analyses by Flight (J. Ch. Soc., Jan., 1871) and Pisani (Phil. Mag., Ap., 1868). 
 
 Found at St. Agnes, Cornwall, in one of the caves at the old quay. Named after J. S. 
 Enys, F. G. S. [A most improbable compound. Groth shows that it is to be regarded as 
 merely a mechanical mixture (Z. Kryst., i., 75).] 
 
 EOSITE. App. I., p. 5. 
 Eosphorite. See Cliildrcnite, p. 24. 
 EPIBOULANGERITE. App. I., p. 5. 
 
 EPIDOTE, Min., p. 281; App. II., p. 18. Cryst., v. Kokscharof, Min. Russl., vi., 297, 
 1874. Heponselka, Finland, Wiik, (Efv. Finsk. Vet. Soc., xix., 69, 1876-7. Optical exam., 
 Fouque-Levy, Ann. Min., VII., xii., 434, 1877, Groth, Min.-Samml., Strassburg, p. 195, 
 1878. Cryst. monograph, description of crystals from many localities, with a large num- 
 ber of new forms, and a catalogue of all occurring planes, Bucking, Z. Kryst., ii., 321, 
 1878. Cryst. monograph, giving many measurements, and the constants deduced from 
 them, N. von Kokscharof, Jr., St. Petersburg, 1879 (Min. Russl., viii., 48, 1881). 
 
 Photometric measurements of light absorption, Pulfrich, Z. Kryst., vi., 157, 1881. 
 
 Anal., Allochetthal, Tyrol, Ddlttr, Min. Mitth., 1875, 175. Syra, Ludecke, ZS. G. Ges., 
 xxviii., 262, 1876. Quenast, Belgium, Kenard, Bull. Ac. Belg. II., 1., 170, 1880. Amelia 
 Co., Va., Lippit, Ch. News, xliii., 208, 1881. Analyses of varieties occurring crystallized 
 together in parallel position, Zoptau, Silesia, Bauer, J. Min., 1880, ii., 78. Analyses and 
 discussion of composition of the species of the epidote group, Laspeyres, Z. Kryst., iii., 
 525, 1879. The doubts suggested by Laspeyres in regard to the correctness of the accepted 
 formula H 2 Ca 4 [Al..] 3 Sifi0 2 G are answered by Tschermak and tiipocz,. Ber. Ak. Wien, Ixxxii., 
 141, 1880, and still further by Ludwig, Min. Petr. Mitth., iv., 153, 1881. 
 
 EPIGENITE. App. I., p. 5. 
 EPIPHANTTE. App. I., p. 6. 
 
 EPISTILBITE, Min., p. 443; App. II., p. 19. Des Cloizeaux finds epistilbite to be mono- 
 clinic in optical characters (Bull. Soc. Min., ii., 161, 1879). A similar result is reached by 
 Tenne (J. Min., 1879, 840; 1880, i., 43) ,who discusses fully the crystalline form. He also 
 quotes an analysis by Jannasch, Si0 2 58'55, Al a 3 17-15, CaO 8'99, H a O 15-41 = 100-10, 
 which corresponds nearly to thQ accepted formula Ca[Al 2 ] Si fi Oi n -f 5aq. 
 
 Found by Seligmann with heulandite, stilbite, etc., at Viesch, Canton Wallis, Switzer- 
 land, Tenne, J. Min., 1880, i., 285. 
 
 Tenne has examined the PARASTILBITE of von Waltershausen, and refers it with little 
 question to epistilbite, J. Min., 1881, ix., 195. 
 
 Ludecke finds that REISSITE (App. I., p. .14) is nearly identical in form with epistilbite 
 (monoclinic), so that it should probably be united to that species; it differs only in hard- 
 ness, and in that it is said to contain alkalies, J. Min., 1880, ii., 200; 1881, i., 162. 
 
 EPSOMITE, Min., p. 463. Argentine Repub., analyses quoted by Braekebuseli, Min. Ar- 
 gentin., 73, 1879. 
 
 A massive variety is called REICIIARDTITE by Krause (Arch. Pharm., III., v., 423, and 
 vi., 41, in Z. Ges. Nat., II., x., 554) [the new name, however, is most unnecessary]. 
 Crystalline, granular or foliated. Cleavage easy. G. = 1-6-1-7. Transparent to trans- 
 
APPENDIX III. 43 
 
 lucent Fracture conchoidal. The analyses agree closely with the formula MgS0 4 + 
 7aq, viz. : 
 
 S0 3 MgO II..O 
 
 1. Stassfurfc 0) S9-23 9'83 51-17 = 100-22. 
 
 2. Leopoldshall 19-31 9'77 51-20 = KJO'28. 
 
 Occurs forming thin layers associated with carnallite, at Stassfurt and Leopoldshall. 
 
 ERDMANNITE. Engstrom (Inaug. Diss. Upsala, 1877. abstr. in Z. Kryst. iii., 199, 1878) 
 has analyzed a mineral from the Stocko, Norway, which he regards as probably the same 
 as that named erdmannite by Esmark (Mm., p. 414, see Berlin, Pogg. Ann., Ixxxviii., 162), 
 and also identical with that analyzed by Michaelson and Nobel (Michaelsonite, Min., p. 
 289). He obtained : SiO.. 25-15, B 2 O 3 8'18, Zr0 2 2 14, ThO, 9'93, Fe 2 3 3-01, Ce. 2 3 9-00, 
 Dio(La 2 )0 3 8-66, Y,O 3 1-64, Er,0 3 0-50, FeO 316, CaO 18 78, BeO 3-16, Na,0 1'02, K 2 
 0'42, H 2 5-25 = 100. The author writes the formula R 3 Si0 6 + Be 2 SiO 6 + 3aq, and sug- 
 gests a relation to datolite. 
 
 Another mineral related to erdmannite, analyzed by Damour (Ann. Ch. Phys., V., xii., 
 411, 1877) gave results varying somewhat widely from the above analysis; he found 12*10 
 p. c. HV>O (see Homilite, p. 59). 
 
 Erilite. //. C. Lewis, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1880, 292. Minute acicular crystals, 
 looking like tufts of white wool, observed in a cavity in quartz from Herkimer Co., N. Y. ; 
 chemical nature unknown. The cavity also contained a liquid of undetermined character. 
 [A substance of unknown characters, not even proved to be new, does not deserve a name 
 the practice of provisionally attaching names in such cases is to be condemned.] 
 
 Eriochalcite. Copper chloride from Vesuvius (1870), by Scacchi (Bull. Soc. Min., i., 
 132). 
 
 ERSBYITE. Min., p. 361; App. II., p. 19. 
 ERYTHRITE. Min., p. 558; App. II., p. 19. 
 
 ERYTHROSIDERITE, App. II., p. 19. Vesuvius, Search i, Contrib. Min., II., p. 42, 1874. 
 DOUGLASITE, from Douglasshall, is 2KC1, FeCl 2 , 211 2 0, Ochsenius, Prccht, Ber. Ch. 
 Ges., xiii., 2328, 1881. 
 
 Brythrozincite. Damour, Bull. Soc. Min., iii., 156, 1880. Occurs in thin plates appar- 
 ently crystalline. Color red. Streak pale yellow. Translucent. Contains sulphur, zinc, 
 and manganese, as proved by a qualitative examination on the small amount of material 
 available. B. B. gives sulphurous fumes in the open tube, fuses in the forceps to a black- 
 ish slag. Dissolves in nitric acid with the separation of a little sulphur. Occurs in veins 
 of lapis lazuli, from Siberia. Des Cloizeaux (ib., iv., 40, 1881) finds that cleavage plates 
 of this mineral show in polarized light a black cross (positive), resembling that of wurtzite, 
 both natural and artificial. lie concludes that it is probably a inanganesian variety of 
 this mineral. 
 
 ESMARKITE. See Anorthite, p. 7; and App. II., p. 19. 
 
 ETTRIXGITE, App. II., p. 19. Optically uniaxial, negative, Bertrand, Bull. Soc. Min., 
 iv., 34, 1881. 
 
 Euchlorite. See Mica Group, p. 77. 
 
 EUCLASE, Min., p. 379; App. II., p. 19. Oryst., Kulibin, Verh. Min Ges. St. Pet., II., 
 xiv., 147, 1879. Brazil, Guyot, Z. Kryst., v., 250, 1880. From the Hohe Tauern, Tyrol, 
 perhaps from Kauris, crystals describecl by Becke, Min. Petr. Mitth., iv., 147, 1881. 
 
 Eucrasite. S. R. Paijkull, Geol. For. Forh., iii., 350, 1877. 
 
 Orthorhombic(?). H. = 4'5-5. G. = 4'39. Lustre greasy. Color blackish brown. Streak 
 
44 
 
 APPENDIX IH. 
 
 brown. Slightly translucent in thin splinters. Fracture uneven. Brittle. Analysis 
 Si0 2 16-20, Ti0 2 1-27, Sn0 2 (?) 1-15, ZrOo 0-60, Mn0 2 2-34, Th0 2 35-96, CeO a 5-48 Ce a 8 
 6-13, La 2 3 (Di 2 3 )2-42, Y 2 3 4-33, Er 2 3 1-62, Fe a 8 4-25, A1 2 3 1-77, CaO 4'00, MgO 0-95, 
 
 K 2 0-11, Na 2 2-48, H 2 9'15 = 100-21. The quantivalent ratio for R : [R 2 ] : II : Si (Ti) 
 H = 2-18 : 4-47 : 6-67 : 9-14 : 8-13. B. B. fusible (at 4) on the edges. The borax bead in 
 the R. F. is violet, in the 0. F. yellow. In hydrochloric acid partially soluble, with the 
 evolution of chlorine. Completely soluble in sulphuric acid. Occurs near Barkevik, 
 Brevig, Norway. Named from ev and xpc?tfz?. [This is the mineral which has been 
 referred, with a question, to polycrase, and also to polymignite, Dana, Min., p. 523. It 
 seems, however, to be closely related to thorite, Min., p. 413.] 
 
 Eucryptite. 
 Hexagonal. 
 
 G. J. Brush and E. S. Dana, Am. J. Sc., Ill,, xx., 266, 1880. 
 Cleavage probably basal. In symmetrically arranged crystals, imbedded in 
 albite (see^figure). G. =2-667. Color. white. Com- 
 position Li 2 [A1 2 ] SiaOn, which requires: SiOo 47*51, 
 Alo0 3 40-61, Li 2 11-88 = 100. Gelatinizes in hydro- 
 chloric acid. 
 
 Eucryptite forms with albite an apparently homo- 
 geneous substance, called by the authors ' ' ft spodu- 
 mene ; " it is derived from the alteration of spodu- 
 mene. The microscope shows the two minerals of 
 which this substance is made up, and chemical analy- 
 sis serves to separate the latter into a soluble portion 
 (eucryptite), and an insoluble portion, albite. 31iis is 
 further explained, with analyses, on p. 113. From 
 Branchville, Conn. Named from ev, well, and xpvic- 
 rds, concealed. 
 
 EUDIALYTE, Min., p. 248; App. II., p. 19. Green- 
 land, v. Kokscharof, Verh. Min. Ges. St. Pet., II., xiv., 
 205, 1878; Min. Russl., viii., 29, 1878. 
 
 EUDNOPHITE, Min. p. 433. Anal., Damour, Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 239, 1881. 
 
 EULYTITE, Min , p. 391 ; App. II., p. 19. Bertrand regards the apparently tetrahedral 
 crystals as formed of four rhombohedrons of 120, placed with their vertices at a common 
 point. A section cut parallel to a tetrahedral face exhibits, in converging polarized light, 
 a single negative axis perpendicular to it, Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 61, 1881. 
 
 EURALITE. App. I., p. 6. 
 
 
 
 EUSYXOHTTE, Min., p. 609. A related mineral from Laurium, Greece, gave Pisani (C. R., 
 xeii., 1292, 1881) : V 2 5 25-53, PbO 50-75, CuO 18-40, CaO 1-53, H 2 4-25= 100-46, corre- 
 sponding to (Pb, Cu) 3 V 2 8 , if the water is neglected. Occurs in crystalline crusts on 
 quartz ; color greenish black to olive green. 
 
 Another closely related mineral is called TRITOCHORITE by A. Frenzel (Min. Petr. Mitth., 
 iii., 506; iv., 97, 1881). Massive, structure fibrous-columnar. Cleavage parallel to fibres, 
 distinct. H. = 3 '5. G. = 6'25. Color blackish brown to yellowish brown. Analysis : 
 
 (I) 
 
 V a O. 
 
 24-41 
 
 3-76 
 
 PbO 
 53-90 
 
 CuO 
 7-04 
 
 ZnO 
 
 11-06 = 100-17. 
 
 Formula approximately R 3 V 2 8 , with R = Pb, Cu, Zn. B. B. fuses easily with intumes- 
 cence, giving off arsenical fumes. On charcoal gives coatings of lead and zinc, and in 
 R. F. a lead globule. Soluble in HNO and in HC1. From " Mexico or South America." 
 Named from rpiroS, third, and x^pe^, to follow, in allusion to its relation to eusynchite 
 and araoxene (Rammelsberg, Min. Chem., 2d ed., p. 290, 291). 
 
 EUXENITE, Min., p. 521; App. II. , p. 20. Cryst. form, Brogger, Z. Kryst., iii., 483, 
 1879. 
 
APPENDIX HI. 
 
 45 
 
 A mineral occurring with samarskite in Mitchell Co., N. C., gave J. L. Smith (Am. J. 
 Sc., Ill xiii 365 1877): Cb a O 6 54-12, W0 3 , Sn0 3 0*21, Y a 3 , Ce a 3 24'10, U 2 O 3 9-53, CaO 
 5-53, MnO 0-08, FeO 0-31, H 2 5'70 = 99'58. G. = 4 '593-4 '642. Color brownish black 
 to hair brown ; translucent in thin fragments; lustre resinous. [Smith calls this euxenite, 
 but that it cannot be; for example, Rainmelsberg finds in true euxenite 20-23 '5 p. c. Ti0 2 , 
 and G. = 4-67-5-1.] 
 
 FAHLERZ. See Tetrahedrite, p. 120. 
 FAHLUNITE. Min., p. 484; App. II., p. 20. 
 
 Fairfieldite. a. J. Brush and E. S. Dana, Am. J. Sc., III., xvii., 359, 1879. 
 Triclinic. Axes: c : I : a = 0*7065 : 3 -5757 : 1-0000 Observed planes (see figure) i-l (a), 
 
 i-l(b), 0(c\ *-|' (g), I'(m\ i-\' (n\ *-2(o), I(u\-l'(p\-$'(q\-$ 
 (r) t _4_4( S ). Angles ab =78% ac 92 J , ap 123 30', cp 147, 
 bp -= 101 30'. Cleavage b highly perfect, a less so. Usually 
 in foliated to lamellar crystalline aggregates ; occasionally curved, 
 foliated, or fibrous, in radiating masses. H. = 3*5 G. 3*15. 
 Color white to pale straw yellow. Streak white. Lustre pearly 
 to sub-adamantine, on the surface of perfect cleavage (&) very 
 brilliant. Transparent. Brittle. The planes of light vibration 
 intersect a in lines making angles of 40 and 50 with the obtuse 
 edge a / b; in the latter, an optic axis is visible toward the edge 
 named. The planes intersect b in lines making angles of 10 
 and 80 with the edge a / b, the second axis visible in this 
 plane. 
 
 Analyses by S. L. Penfield, 1,. of a clear transparent variety, 
 filling cavities in reddingite ; 2, of the massive, somewhat 
 friable variety : 
 
 P 2 5 FeO MnO CaO Na.O K 2 H 2 Quartz 
 
 1. 38-39 5-62 15'55 28'85 0-73 0-13 9-98 1-81 = 100-56. 
 
 2. 39-62 7-00 12-40 30*76 0"30 9'67 0'55 = 100-30. 
 
 The ratio of P 2 5 : RO : HoO is 1 : 3 : 2, and the formula R 3 P 2 8 + 2aq, with R = Ca: 
 (Mn + Fe)-2:l. This requires: P,0 5 39-30, FeO 6-64, MnO 13-10, CaO 30'99, H 2 
 9'97 = 100. B. B. glows, blackens, and fuses at 4*15 to a dark yellowish brown mass, 
 coloring the flame pale green, with faint reddish yellow streaks on the upper edge. Reac- 
 tions for iron and manganese with the fluxes. In the closed tube gives off neutral water; 
 turns first yellow, then dark brown, and becomes magnetic. Soluble in HC1 and HN0 3 . 
 Occurs with other manganesian phosphates at Branchviiie, Fairfield Co., Conn. In com- 
 position fairfieldite is analogous to roselite, p. 105. 
 
 FAMATINITE, App. II., p. 20. With enargite from Cerro de Pasca, Peru, anal. Frenzel 
 (J. Min., 1875, 679) S 33-46, Sb 10-93, As 7'62, Cu 41-11, Fe 6'43 = 99'55, corresponding 
 to the formula 8Cu 3 S + (Sb, As) 2 S 5 , or that of enargite/ 
 
 According to 'com Rath (Z. Kryst., iv., 426), the famatinite from the Argentine Repub- 
 lic, which also occurs with enargite (App. II., p. 20), has the same form and angles as 
 the latter mineral, as was to be expected from the essential identity in composition. 
 
 See also Enargite, p. 41, and Clarite, p. 27. 
 
 FAUJASITE. Min., p. 433; App. II., p. 20. 
 
 FELDSPAR GROUP, Min., pp. 335 to 361; and App. II., p. 20. Cryst., methods of twin- 
 ning of triclinic feldspars, vom Rath, J. Min., 1876, 169. 
 
 Microscopic structure, Rutley, Q. J. G. Soc. , 1875, 479. Optical examination of micro- 
 cline, orthoclase, and various triclinic feldspars, Des Cloizeaux, Ann. Ch. Phys., V., ix., 
 433, 1876. Cryst. and opt. examination, Wiik, CEfv. Finsk. Vet. Soc., xix., 60, 1876-77, 
 giving results similar to those more fully obtained by Schuster (see below). Determination 
 bjr optical methods in thin rook sections, Levy, Ann. Min., VII., xii., 440 et seq., 1877; 
 
46 APPENDIX III. 
 
 see also Th<Ailct, Ann. Min., xiy., 115 et seq., 1878. Discussion of the specific gravities of 
 the feldspar species, Goldschmidt, J. Min., Beil.-Bd., i., 203, 181. 
 
 Schuster (Min. Petr. Mitth., iii., 117, 1880), has carried through a long series of observa- 
 tions as to the optical characters of the triclinic feldspars ; and has established the important 
 conclusion that in an optical sense there is the same gradual transition from one extreme 
 (albite}, to the other (anorthite), as is observed in the chemical composition. Thus, he finds 
 that the position of the extinction-directions, as observed 011 the basal and clinodiagonal 
 planes, the position of the axes of elasticity, the dispersion of the axes, and the axial angle, all 
 show this gradual change in the same direction. These conclusions obviously confirm 'the 
 now almost universally accepted view of Tschermak, that the intermediate triclinic feld- 
 spars (plagioclase) are to be regarded as isomorphous mixtures of albite and anorthite. 
 
 Mallard (Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 96, 1881), has gone further and shown that by means of 
 formulas deduced by him (ib., p. 71), on the view that in isomorphous mixtures (as of albito 
 and anorthite) each element usually enters without change of its own characters, it is possi- 
 ble to calculate the direction of extinction for the two planes (0 and i-l)\ the results of 
 calculation and experiment agree very closely. Experiments by Fouque and L'tiy (Bull. 
 Soc. Min., iv., 63, 1881), on a series of feldspathic microlites intermediate between albite 
 and anorthite, give results at variance with the above conclusions. 
 
 Analyses of feldspars from various localities in Scotland, monograph, Ilcddlc, Trans. 
 Roy. Soc. Edinb., xxviii., 197 et seq., 1877; Min. Mag., ii., 36, 1878. From volcanic 
 rocks of the Andes, vorn Rath, ZS. Gr. Ges., xxvii., 295 et seq., 1875. Discussion of 
 composition by the same, J. Min., 1875, 397. Smita, Min. Mitth., 1877, 265. 
 
 Examination of the feldspar pseudomorphs of the Wilhelmsleite, near llmenau, Dalmer, 
 J. Min., 1878, 225. 
 
 Species determined by the flame reactions, Szabb (for title see Bibliography in Introduc- 
 tion); determined by their fusibility, Bischof, Dingi. Pol. Journ., ccxxii., 319; ccxxiii, 265. 
 
 Artificial formation of feldspar species: Fouque and Levy, C. R., Ixxxvii., 700, 779; xc., 
 620, 1880; Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 63, 1881 (see also under Orthoclase, p. 87). 
 
 Genth (Report Min. Penn., p. 224, 1876) shows that the varieties of orthoclase, called by 
 Lea lennilite and delawarite, are identical; an analysis showed 9'11 K 2 0, 4'88 Na 2 0. 
 Analysis of Lea's cassinite from Blue Hill, Delaware Co., gave: 
 
 Si0 2 Al.,0 3 Fe 2 3 BaO CaO MgO SrO Na 2 K,0 is?n 
 G. = 2-692 (i) 62-00 19-97 0-12 3'71 019 0'02 tr. 4-43 9'00 0-19 = 100-23. 
 
 This feldspar is remarkable for affording 3'7 p. c. BaO, but an optical examination is 
 needed to decide its true relations. 
 
 Another feldspar containing barium has been described optically by Des Cloizeaux, and 
 chemically by Pisani (Bull. Soc. Min., i., 84, 1878); locality unknown. Triclinic, with the 
 angle between the cleavage planes = 86 37' (near labradorite), in optical relations, ap- 
 proaches oligoclase and albite. An analysis gave : 
 
 Si0 2 A1 2 3 Fe 2 3 BaO CaO MgO Na 2 K 2 ign 
 G. = 2-835 55-10 23-20 0-45 7-30 1-8J 0-56 7-45 0-83 3-72 = 100-44. 
 
 Quantivalent ratio of R : [Ro] : Si = 1 : 3 : 8, or that of hyalophane, giving the formula 
 (Na 2 , Ba) [Al,] Si 4 12 [but note the loss of 3-7 p. c.], 
 See also albite, anorthite, labradorite, microcline, oligoclase , orthoclase. 
 
 FERGUSONITE, Min., p. 524; App. II., p. 21. New localities: Rockport, Mass., anal. J. 
 L. Smith, Am. J. Sc., III., xiii., 367, 1877; Burke Co., N. C., id., Bull. Soc. Min., iii., 
 195, also Hidden, Am. J. Sc., III., xx., 150, 1880. Mitchell Co., N. C., Shepard, Am. J. 
 Sc., III., xx., 57. 
 
 FERRITE. App. II., p. 21. 
 FEEEOILMENITE. App. I., p. 6. 
 
 Ferrotellurite. F. A. Genth, Am. Phil. Soc., xvii., 119, 1877; or Z. Kryst., ii., 8. 
 In delicate radiating tufts, also in very minute prismatic crystals. Color' between straw 
 
APPENDIX m. 47 
 
 and lemon-yellow inclining to greenish yellow. Contains iron, tellurium. Composition 
 suggested on the basis of a qualitative analysis, FeTe0 4 . Insoluble in ammonia ; soluble 
 in HC1. Found as a coating on quartz associated with native tellurium and tellurite. at 
 the Keystone mine, Magnolia District, Colorado. [Needs further examination.] 
 
 FERROTUNGSTEN. App. II., p. 21. 
 
 FIFBROFERRITE, Miii., p. 656; App. II., p. 21. Anal., [Fe.>] S 2 H 4 Oii + 8aq, Chili, Brun, 
 Z. Kryst., v., 104, 1880. 
 
 FIBROLITE, Min., p. 373; App. II., p. 21. St. Michel, Finland, F. J. Wiik, Z. Kryst., 
 ii., 496. 
 
 Optical examination, orthorhombic, Des Cloizeaux, Bull. Soc. Min.. iv., 258, 1881. 
 
 FICHTELITE. Min., p. 735; App. II., p. 21. 
 
 Fillowite. G. J. Brush and E. S. Dana, Am. J. Sc., III., xvii., 363, 1879. 
 
 Monoclinic; pseudo-rhombohedral. Axis c (vert.) : b : d = -8201 : '5779 : 1 ; ft 89 51'. 
 Observed planes (see fig.): (c), 2-i (d), 1 (p). Angle cd = 121 29', cp 121 20', pp = 
 84 J 37'. Cleavage basal, nearly perfect. In granular crystalline masses. H. = 4-5. 
 G. =3*43. Lustre sub-resinous to greasy. Color wax-yellow, yellowish to reddish brown, 
 colorless. Streak white. Transparent to translucent. Analysis by S. L. Penfield : 
 
 P 2 5 FeO MnO CaO Na a O Li 2 O H a O Quartz. 
 (|) 39-10 933 39-42 4'08 5'74 O'OG 1'66 0-88 = 100-27. 
 
 The ratio for P,0 5 : RO : HoO = 1:8:^, and the formula is 
 3R 3 P,0, + aq. If R = Mn : Fe : Ca : Na_> = 6 : 1 : 1 : 1, this 
 requires: P 2 6 40- 19, FeO 6-80, MnO 40-19, CaO 5'28, X;i -,(') 
 5-84, II 2 1-70 100. B. B. fuses at 1-5, with intumescence 
 to a black feebly magnetic mass, coloring the flame momenta- 
 rily pale green, then intensely yellow. In the closed tube ,-i 
 little neutral water. With the fluxes reactions for manganese 
 and iron. Soluble in HC1 and HX<) : . 
 
 Occurs with other manganesian phosphates, especially reddingite and triploidite, in a 
 vein of albitic granite at Branch ville, Conn. Named after Mr. A. N. Fillow, of Branch- 
 ville. 
 
 FISCHERITE, Min. p. 582. Des Cloizeaux, Verb. Min. Ges. St. Pet., II., xi., 32, 1876; 
 v. Kokscharof, Min. Russl., vii., 23. 
 
 . 
 FLUOCERITE. Min., p. 126; App. II. p. 21. 
 
 FLUORITE, Min., p. 123; App. II., p. 21. Oryst., Striegau, Silesia, v. Lasaulx, J.'Min., 
 1875, 134, and Z. Kryst., i., 359, 1877; Kongsberg, Norway, same, ib., p. 368; Munsterthal, 
 Klocke, Ber. Nat. Ges. Freiberg, vi., 461, 1876. Natural etchings on crystalline faces, 
 due to trapezohedron 3-3, Werner, J. Min., 1881, i., 14. 
 
 "Photo-electricity," Hankel, Wied. Ann., ii., 66, 1877. Constants of elasticity, Klang, 
 Wied. Ann., xii., 321, 1881. 
 
 Dark-colored varieties from Walsendorf ( ' ' antozonite ") yield free fluorine on fresh frac- 
 ture, perhaps from eerie fluoride, Loew, Ber. Chem. Ges., xiv., 1144, 1881. 
 
 According to Mallard (Ann. Min., VII., x., 115, 1876), fluorite is only pseudo-isometric, 
 the method of grouping of the individual crystals being analogous to analcite (q. v. ; also 
 see p. viii). 
 
 FORESITE, App. II., p. 22. Similar to stilbite in optical characters, Des Cloizeaux, J. 
 Min., 1876. 640 
 
 Analysis by Sansoni-. (f ) SiO, 49-97, AL0 3 24-12, CaO 8-3% Na 2 0, K 2 0-46, H 2 17-06, 
 MgO tr. = 99-94. He calls attention to the similarity to stilbite, and questions whether the 
 species is really independent of it. Att. Soc. Tosc., iv., 317, 1879. 
 
48 APPENDIX m. 
 
 Franklandite, Reynolds, Phil. Mag., V., iii., 284, 1877. 
 
 Massive, with fine fibrous structure. H. = 1. G. = 1-65. Color white. An analysis 
 gave : 
 
 B 2 3 CaO Na 2 H 2 (Na,K) Cl CaS0 4 + 2aq. 
 
 [43-76*] 12-10* 12-37 27-92 2-41 1-44 = 100. 
 
 * Other independent determinations gave B 2 O 3 41 '81, CaO 11 '94, H 2 O 27'66. 
 
 Deducting impurities, the formula deduced is Na 4 Cfa 2 B ]L -Oo y , 15H 2 0. Slightly soluble 
 in water, readily in dilute HC1 and HN0 3 . Fuses easily. From Tarapaca, Peru. [Very 
 near ulexite, Min., p. 598.] 
 
 FRANKLINITE, Min., p. 152; App. II., p. 22. Franklin Furnace, N". J., analyses giving 
 the spinel ratio, Seyms, Am. J. So., III., xii., 210, 1876. 
 
 Fredricite. See Tennantite, p. 119. 
 
 Morawski, quoted by him, yielded the same result, Z. Kryst., ii., 159, 1878. 
 Bertrand mentions diaphorite from Zancudo, Xew Granada, Bull. Soc. Min., iii., Ill, 1880. 
 
 FRENZELITE. See Guanajuatite, p. 53. 
 
 Freyalite. Esmark ; Damour, Bull. Soc. Min., i., 33, 1878. 
 
 Resembles some brown thorites. Scratches glass slightly. G. = 4-06-4-17. Color 
 brown. Streak yellowish gray. Translucent in thin splinters. Lustre resinous. An 
 approximate analysis gave: 
 
 SiO 3 Ce 3 4 LaaOa, Di 2 3 Th0 2 Al 2 3 (Zr0 2 ?) Fe 2 3 Mn 3 4 K 2 0, Na 2 H 2 ign. 
 20-02 28-80 ?47 28-39 6-31 2-47 1-78 2-33 7-400-82=100-79. 
 
 B. B. swells up but does not fuse. In the closed tube decrepitates, gives off water, and 
 becomes white. With salt of phosphorus in R. F. dissolves, forming an opal-like glass, 
 which in 0. F. becomes brown, and on cooling is colorless and translucent. With borax in 
 O. F. gives a transparent brown bead, becoming almost colorless on cooling, and showing in 
 the spectroscope an absorption band on the border of the red and orange (Di). Dissolves 
 readily in acid, giving gelatinous silica. With II.C1 chlorine is given off. From the neigh- 
 borhood of Brcvig, Norway. 
 
 Friedelite. Bertrand, C. R., Ixxxii., 1167, 1876; Z. Kryst., i., 86. 
 
 Rhombohedral ; c (vert.) = 0'5624. Crystals often tabular. Observed planes 0, R, and /, 
 the two last often striated parallel to their intersection-edge. A R = 147, R A R = 
 123 42'. Double refraction strong, axis negative. Cleavage basal perfect. Massive, with 
 saccharoidal structure and distinct cleavage, passing into close compact with indistinct 
 cleavage. H. = 4-5. G. = 3 '07. Color rose red. Powder pale rose. Transparent-trans- 
 lucent. Optically uniaxial, negative. Analysis (mean of several) : 
 
 Si0 2 MnO(FeOtr. MgO. CaO H.-O 
 
 36-12 53-05 2-96 7'87 = 100. 
 
 Formula deduced: Mn 4 Si 3 Oi , 2H 2 0. B. B. fuses easily to a black glass. Gives off 
 water in the closed tube. Reaction for manganese with the fluxes. In HC1 dissolves, 
 forming a jelly. Associated with rhodochrosite and alabandite at the manganese mine 
 of Adervielle, vallee du Louron, Hautes Pyrenees. [The formula may be written 
 H 4 Mn 4 Si 3 Oi2 = R 2 Si0 4 , the composition then corresponds with that of dioptase H 2 CuSi0 4 , 
 to which it seems to be related in form.] 
 
APPENDIX m. 49 
 
 Prieseite. See Sterribergite, p. 115. 
 Frigidite. See Tetrdhedrite, p. 115. 
 
 GADOLINITE, Min., p. 293; App. II., p. 22. Microscopic examination of specimens from 
 different localities, A. SjSgren, Geol. For. Forh., iii., 268, 1877. 
 
 Anal., Stora Tuna, Gr. Lindstrom, Geol. For. Forh., ii., 218, 1874. Humpidge and 
 Burney, J. Ch. Soc., xxxv., 117, 1879 (Z. Kryst., vi., 94). 
 
 Examination of earths contained, Mnrigtiac, Bibl. Univ. Gen., Ixi., 283, 1878; (ytterbium), 
 Ixiv., 1878. Containing scandium, Ckve, CEfv. Ak Stockh., xxxvi., 7, p. 3, 1879. 
 
 GAHNITE, Min., p. 149; App. II., p. 23. Anal., Brazil, Damour, Bull. Soc. Min., i., 93, 
 1878. Tiriolo, Calabria, Mauro, Ace. Line. Trans., III., iii., 65, 1879. 
 
 Formed with tridymite at a zinc furnace, from the alteration of the distillation vessels, 
 Schulze and Stelz-ner, J. Min., 1881, i., 120. 
 
 GALENITE, Min., p. 40; App. TT., p. 23. Cryst., Freiberg, etc., Grotk, Min.-Samml. 
 Strassburg, p. 46, 1878. Hesselbach, Westphalia, vom Math, Z. Kryst., iv., 428, 1880. 
 "Schlagfiguren," Weiss, ZS. G. Ges., xxix., 209, 1877. 
 
 Habach, Salzburg (Bi a S 8 1 97 p. c., G. = 7.50). Octahedral cleavage very perfect, cubic 
 less so. After ignition cubic; cleavage most readily obtained ; with interposed twinning 
 lamella? parallel 3-3, v. Zepharovich, Z. Kryst., i., 155, 1877. A crystal (15 grams) with 
 perfect octahedral cleavage has been found by Brun on the glacier of Leschant, Mont 
 Blanc, Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 260, 1881. 
 
 Recent formation from Bourbonne-les-Bains, Daubree, C. R., Ixxx., 604, 1875 ; Ixxxi., 
 184. Containing selenium, Guanajuato, Mexico, Navia, Naturaleza, iv., 42, 1877. 
 
 Pseudomorph after staurolite, Brittany, Firket, Bull. Soc. Geol. Belg., vi., 152, 1879. 
 
 See also Huascolite, p. 60. 
 
 Galenobismutite. H. Sjogren, Geol. For. Forh., iv., 109, 1878. 
 
 Massive, compact, sometimes radiated. H. 3-4. G. = 6 '88. Lustre metallic, brill- 
 iant. Color tin white. Streak grayish black, shining. Composition PbBiS4, or PbS + 
 Bi 2 S 3 = S 16-95, Bi 55-62, Pb 27 "43 = 100. Analyses (1. c.): 
 
 S Bi Pb Fe 
 
 1. 17-35 54-69 2765 tr. = 99-69. 
 
 2. 16- 18 54-13 27-18 tr = 98'09. 
 
 B. B. reacts for bismuth and lead, fusing easily on charcoal. Dissolves with difficulty in 
 hydrochloric acid, readily in strong nitric acid. Occurs with bismutite at the Kogrufva, 
 Nordmark, Wermland, Sweden. Sometimes carries gold. [The bismuth compound corre- 
 sponding to zinkenite and sartorite. ] 
 
 A related mineral, containing a little selenium, is described by Atterlerg as occurring at 
 Fahlun, Sweden (Geol. For. Forh., ii., 76, 1874^, as follows : 
 
 Massive. H. = 2-3. Lustre metallic. Color steel gray, becoming slightly reddish. 
 An analysis gave (5): Bi 68'40, S 10-H9, Se 1'15, Pb 17'90, Fel'52, insol. (quartz) 1'60 = 
 100-96. The calculated formula is Bi 3 PbS 3 . The substance is regarded as an intimate 
 mixture of native bismuth with a sulphobismutite of lead (PbS, Bi 2 S 3 ). The author adds 
 that such mixtures, containing metallic bismuth, are not uncommon (see Silaonite, p. 53). 
 
 Another related mineral, also from Fahlun, has been examined by Nordstrom (ib., iv., 
 268, 1879), containing 4'79-5'H p. c. Se. 
 
 Ganomalite. Nordenskiold, Geol. For. Forh., iii., 121, 1876; 883, 1877. 
 
 Massive, without distinct cleavage. Strongly doubly- refracting. Optically biaxial, with 
 very small angle (Des Clpizeaux, Bull. Soc. Mm., i., 8, 1878). H. - 4. G. 4-98. Lustre 
 greasy. Colorless or white, to whitish-gray. Transparent. Composition (Pb, Mn)Si0 3 ; 
 approximate analysis, G. Lindstrom : 
 
 Si0 2 PbO MnO CaO MgO 
 
 34-55 34-89 20-01 4"89 3 -68 alkalies, ign. 1-88 = 99 -58. 
 
 4 
 
50 APPENDIX III. 
 
 B. B. fuses easily to a clear glass, which in R, F. is colored black by reduced lead. On 
 charcoal with soda a lead globule, and a coating of lead oxide. Easily soluble in nitric 
 acid, with the separation of gelatinous silica. 
 
 Occurs very sparingly with tephroite (which it closely resembles), native lead, calcite, 
 and jacobsite, at Langban, Wermland, Sweden. Named from ydvoHia, brightness. 
 
 Nordenskiold (p. 384) mentions the occurrence at Langban, of a second lead silicate, 
 very similar in appearance and blowpipe reactions to the above, but with two distinct cleav- 
 ages, at an angle of 104 33'. The material available was too scanty for full examination, 
 but he suggests that it may be a more distinctly crystallized variety of ganomalite. [Coin- 
 pare the other lead silicates, Kentrolite, Hyalotekite, Melanotekite.~\ 
 
 GARNET, Min., p. 265; App. II., p. 23. Cryst., Geye'r, Saxony, v. Lasaulx, J. Min., 
 1875, 149. As a secondary mineral on trap rock, New Haven, Conn., also anal., E. 8. 
 Dana, Am. J. Sc., III., xiv., 215, 1877. Ptitschthal, Tyrol, vom Bath, Z. Kryst., ii., 173, 
 1878; Piz Alpetta, Dissentis, Switzerland, vom Rath, Z. Kryst., v., 495, 1881. 
 
 (Colophonite) possessing double-re fraction, and in part, at least, to be referred to vesu- 
 vianite, Wichmann, Pogg., clvii , 282, 1876; v. Lasaulx, J. Min., 1876,630. Specific 
 gravity determinations, Church, Geol. Mag., II., ii., 321, 18,5. 
 
 Anal., in lava of Sautorin (melanite), Fouque, C. R., Ixxx., 631, 1875. Yancey Co., N. C. 
 (spessartite), Konig<ProG. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1876, 53. St. Marcel (spessartite), l-'isani, 
 C. R., Ixxxiii., 167, 1876. Fichtelgebirge, v. Gerichten, Ann. Ch. Pharm., clxxxv., 209. 
 Kaiserstuhl (melanite, 3-7 p. c. Ti0 2 \ Knop, Z. Kryst., i., 62, 1877. Scotland, several 
 localities (11-15 p. c. MnO), Heddle, Min. Mag., ii., 85, 1878 (Trans. Roy. Soc. Ed., xxviii., 
 299 et seq., 187). Leiperville, Delaware Co., Penn. (grossularite), Konig, Proc. Ac. Nat. 
 Sc. Phil., 1878, 81. Ural (green var.), Church, Min. Mag., ii., 191, 1871) (but see Z. Kryst., 
 v., 614). Pic Posets, near La Maladetta, Pyrenees (chrome) Damour, Bull. Soc. Min., ii., 
 165, 1870. Syssersk, Ural (demantoid), Rammelsberg, ZS. G. Ges., xxix., 819, 1877 ; Wai* 
 ler, Geol. For. Forh., iv., 184, 1878 ; Loseh, J. Min., 1879, 785 (see Church, above) ; v. 
 Kokscharof, Min. Russl., viii., 310, 1881. Wakefield, Quebec (4 -1:5 p. c. Cr 2 3 ), Har- 
 rington, Can. Nat., II., ix., 305, 1880. New South Wales, Liversidge, Proc. Roy. Soc. 
 N. S. W., Sept. 1, Nov. 3, 1880. 
 
 Absorption spectrum, Voyel, Ber. Chesi. Ges., Berlin, x., 373, 1877. 
 
 Altered to chlorite, La_ke Superior, Pumpelly, Am. J. Sc., III., x., 17, 1875. 
 
 Occurrence in Hungarian trachytes, Szabo, J. Min., Beil.-Bd., i., J!02, 1881. 
 
 Referred by Mallard (Ann. Min., VII. , x., 100, 1876) to the triclinic system (pseudo- 
 isometric). His conclusions are supported by Bertrand (Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 12, 13, 1881), 
 who describes more fully the supposed method of grouping of the biaxial elements. For 
 example, a dodecahedral crystal of aplome, according to this view, is made up of 48 biax- 
 ial crystals in the form of triangular pyramids meeting at the centre of the dodecahedron; 
 the bases of four of these pyramids together form a dodecahedral plane. The acute 
 negative bisectrix is sensibly normal to the base of the pyramid, and the plane of the axes 
 sensibly parallel to the longer diameter of the rhombic face; the axial angle is about 90. 
 Bertrand adds that such a crystal can be mechanically divided into the 48 individuals cor- 
 responding to the optical division [but see also p. viii, analcite, p. 5, boracite, p. 17]. 
 
 GARNIERITE, App. II., p. 23. It has been shown that, as previously suggested, the sub- 
 stance called garnierite is not a definite mineral, but consists of a hydrous magriesian sili- 
 cate more or less impregnated with nickel oxide; the amounts of magnesia and nickel vary 
 
 C. It., Ixxxii., 1454, 1876; Ixxxvi., 684, 1878; Des Cloizeaux, anal, by Damour, Bull. Soc. 
 Min., i., 29, 1878; vom Rath, Ber. nied. Ges. Bonn, Jan. and July, 1878 (analyses by 
 Ulrich and Kiepenheuer) ; Liversidge, Proc. Roy. Soc. N. S. W., Dec. 9, 1874, and Sept. 
 1, 1880. Liversidge calls the commonly occurring dark green unctuous mineral, noumea- 
 ite, and the rarer pale green adhesive mineral, garnierite ; the latter he characterizes as a 
 green-colored halloysite; in the former the NiO varies between 32'52 and 0'24 p. c., and the 
 MgO between 10-61 and 24 '82 p. c. 
 Similar deposits have been found in Spain, Meissonier, C. R., Ixxxiii., 229, 1876. 
 
 Gastaldite. See Glaucophane, p. 52. 
 
APPENDIX III. 51 
 
 GAY-LUSSITE, Min., p. 706. According to De3 Cloizeaux, the so-called pseudomorphs of 
 calcium carbonate after gay-lussite, from Sangerhausen, have nothing to do with the latter 
 mineral, but are probably pseudomorphs after celestite; Groth regards them as pseudo- 
 morphs after anhydrite (Min.-Samml. Strassburg, p. 142, 1878). Clarence King, however, 
 describes large tufa-like deposits of calcium carbonate in Nevada, forming beds 20 60 feet 
 thick, and at a height of 470 feet above the present level of Pyramid Lake. These deposits 
 are regarded as the shore formation of an enormous lake, called Lake Lahontan, believed 
 to have existed in quaternary times. This calcium carbonate shows occasionally crystalline 
 forms resembling true gay-lussite, and the whole deposit is believed to have existed origin- 
 ally as this mineral. This view is supported by the fact that gay-lussite is now found well 
 crystallized in a lake near Ragtown, Nevada, which is also a remnant of Lake Lahontan. 
 For this pseudomorphous shore deposit King proposes the name of thinolite (from 3/?, 
 shore], Geology of the 40th Parallel, vol. i., 508, 1879. 
 
 Gay-iussite has been made artificially by 'Favre and Soret, Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 168, 
 1881. Crystallographic and optical examination of natural and artificial crystals, Arzruni, 
 Z. Kryst., vi.,24, 1881. 
 
 Gedanite. Otto Helm, Arch. Pharm., Ill, xiii., 503, 1878 (Bull. Soc. Min., i., 133). 
 A resin resembling amber, but not containing succinic acid, and less rich in oxygen. 
 II. = 1-5-2. G. = 1-058-1-068. Color wine yellow, more or less clear. Transparent. 
 Fragile. Fracture conchoidal. Analysis : C 81 '01, H 11 -41, O 7'33, S 0-25 = 100 (ash l)-()6). 
 Fuses to a clear odorless liquid at 18t>, and sometimes at 140. Found with amber on the 
 shores of the Baltic. Named from Gfedanum, Latin name of Danzig. 
 
 GEHLENITE. Min., p. 370; App. II., p. 23. 
 GENTHITE. Min., p. 471; App. II., p. 24. 
 
 GKOCKOMTJ:, Min.. p. 105. Anal. (6 p. c. Cu), Bjorkskognas, Sweden, Naucklioff, Geol. 
 For. Forh., i., 88, 1872. 
 
 GERSDORFFITE, Min., p. 72 ; App. II., p. 24. Anal. (12-54 p. c. Co), Benahanis, prov. 
 of Malaga, Spain, Genth, Am. Ch. J., i., b24, 1879. 
 
 An auriferous gersdorffite, from Rezbanya, Hungary, has been called SOMMARUGAITE 
 (Bull. Soc. Min, i., 143). 
 
 GEYSERITE. App. II., p. 24. 
 
 GIBBSITE, Min , p. 177. Anal., French Guiana, Jannettaz, Bull. Soc. Min., i., 70, 1878. 
 
 GIESECKITE. Min., p. 479 ; App. II., p. 24. 
 
 Ginilsite. (Fischer, Mitth.), Rammelsberg, Min. Chem., 2d ed., ii., 704 ; ZS. G. Ges., 
 xxviii., 2:56, Is76. 
 
 Massive. Color grayish yellow. G. = 3-404. Analyses : 1, made in Rammelberg's 
 laboratory; 2, Rammelsberg, ZS. G. Ges., xxviii., 236, 1876. 
 
 Si0 3 AL0 3 Fe 2 8 MgO CaO H 2 
 
 1. 38-75 4 83 16'33 9-48 26 52 3'73 = 99-63. 
 
 2. 37-83 7-77 15-63 9'73 26-67 3'30 = 100'93. 
 
 Formula R,[R,]. 2 Si 7 2S + 2aq. This requires: SiO a 3710, A1 2 3 7 -85, Fe 2 3 16*07, MgO 
 4-42, CaO 26-38, H 2 3'18 = 100. Earlier analyses by Fellenberg and others, giving very 
 different results, are discarded by Rammelsberg. B. B. fuses on the edges to a dark glass. 
 From Ginilsalp, Gratibunden, Switzerland. [Needs further examination.] 
 
 GISMONDITE, Min., p. 418; App. II., p. 24. Cryst.. Salesel, Bohemia, Seligmcmn, Z. 
 Kryst.. i. , 336, 1877. Schrauf, Z. Kryst. , i., 596, 1877. Scblauroth, near Gorlitz, A. v. La- 
 taulx, Z. Kryst., iv., 172, 1879. The crystalline system of gismondite was first given as 
 
52 APPENDIX m. 
 
 tetragonal, afterward as orthorhombic. Later, Schrauf (1. c.) was led by the observed 
 variations in angle to suggest that the crystals were twins, perhaps of triclinic individuals ; 
 von Lasaulx (1. c.) has carried on a more extended series of observations, both optical and 
 crystallographic, and has established the truth of Schrauf 's suggestion, showing the met hods 
 of twinning, and the way in which the pseudo- tetragonal forms result through it. 
 
 . Giufite (or GIUFFITE). See Milarite, p. 81. 
 GLANCESPAR. App. II., p. 24. 
 ^GLASBACHITE. App. II., p. 24. 
 
 GLAUBERITE, Min., p. 627 ; App. II., p. 24. Cryst., Pendschab, India, Schimper, Z. 
 Kryst., i., 70, 1877. 
 
 Aranjuez, Tajo- Valley, optical investigation, Laspeyres, Z. Kryst., i., 529, 1877. 
 Anal., Atacama, Domeyko, 6th App., Min. Chili, p. 45, 1878. 
 
 GLAUCODOT, Min., p. 80; App. II., p. 25. Cryst., W. J. Lewis, Phil. Mag., V., in., 354, 
 1877; Becke, Min. Mitth., 1877, 101. Sadebeck, Min. Mitth., 1877, 35& Groth, Min.- 
 Samml. Strassburg, p. 42, 1878. 
 
 GLAUCONITE, Min., p. 462 ; App. II., p. 25. Anal., Is. Gozzo, v. Bambergcr, Min. 
 Mitth., 1877, 271. Ashgrove, near Elgin, Scotland, Heddle, Trans. Soc. Edinb., xxix., 
 79, 1879. 
 
 GLAUCOPHANE, Min., p. 244. Near amphibole in form and composition, from Zermatt, 
 Bodewig, Pogg. Ann., clviii , 224, 1876. Syra, anal., Ludecke, ZS. G. Ges., xxviii., 249, 
 1876. With garnet and mica from Balade mine, Ouegoa, New Caledonia, anal., Liversidge, 
 Proc. R. Soc. N. S. W., Sept. 1, 1880. Discussion of composition, Hotter, Z. Kryst., iv., 
 33, 1879. Analyses : 1, Bodewig (1. c.) ; 2, Ludecke (1. c.); 3, Liversidge (1. c.). 
 
 Si0 2 A1. 2 O, FeoO 3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Ka.,O 
 
 1. Zermatt, G.= 3-091 (1)57-81 12-03 2-17 578 .... 13'07 2'20 7'33 = 100-45. 
 
 2. Syra, 55'64 IS'll 3'08 6'85 0'56 7'80 2'40 9 '34 = 100-78. 
 
 3. New Caledonia, G. =3-12(1)52-79 14'44 .... 9'82 tr. 11'02 4'29 5'26, K 2 O 0'88, H 2 O 1'38 = 99'88. 
 
 A mineral closely related to glaucophane, is called GASTALDITE by Cr. Struver, Mem. 
 Accad. Lincei, II., ii., 333, 1875. Description as follows : 
 
 Monoclinic. In prismatic crystals with /and i-i, but not distinctly terminated. In 
 fibrous or columnar masses. Cleavage prismatic, 124 25' (like amphibole). H. = 6-7. 
 G. = 3 '044. Lustre vitreous to pearly. Color azure blue to blackish blue. Streak gray- 
 ish blue. Fracture conchoidal. Optic-axial plane clinodiagonal. Double refraction nega- 
 tive. Dispersion inclined ; strongly pleochroic. 
 
 Composition : 3RSi0 3 + 2[Al 2 ]Si 3 , with R = Fe, Mg, Ca, Na 2 . Analysis, Cossa : 
 
 Si0 2 Alo0 3 FeO MgO CaO Na,0 K 2 
 (|) 58-55 21-40 9-04 3'92 2-03 4'77 tr. = 99'71. 
 
 Occurs in the western Alps in chlorite slate in the valley of Aosta, at Brosso, near 
 Ivrea, and in the valley of Locana, Italy, accompanied by pyri'te, chalcopyrite, garnet, and 
 apatite. Named after Prof. Bartolomeo Gastaldi. 
 
 GLAUCOPYRITE. App. I., p. 6. 
 
 GMELINITE, Min., p. 436; App. II., p. 5. Analyses, Nova Scotia and Bergen Hill, 
 Howe, Am. J. Sc., III., xii., 270, 1876. 
 
 GOLD, Min., p. 3; App. II., p. 25. Cryst., v. Jfokscharof, Min. Russl., vi., 321, 1874. 
 Syssertsk, Ural, IMmhacker, Min. Mitth., 1877, 1. Vom Rath, Z. Kryst., i., 1, 1877. 
 
APPENDIX IIL 53 
 
 W. J. Lewis, Phil. Mag., V., iii., 456, 1877. Vorospatak, Werner, J. Min., 1881, i., 1 
 (occurrence, Posepny, Verb. Geol. Reichs., 1875, 97). 
 
 Gold and silver alloy (electrum) with 4'J-9 p. c. Ag, Comstock Lode, Nevada, Attwood, 
 Am J. Sc., III., ix., 229, 1875. From the Bodie mines, California; G. = 15'15; Ag = 36 '4 
 
 ZS. G. Ges., xxix., 82, 1877. 
 
 GOSLARITE, Min., p. 647. Freiberg, cryst., (Schrauf), anal. , Frenzel, J. Min., 1875, 675. 
 Anal., Capanne Vechie, Elba, Grattarola, Boll. Com. Geol., 1876, 343. 
 
 GOTHITE. Min., p. 169; App. II., p. 25. Cryst., Cornwall, Groth, Min.-Samml. Strass- 
 burg, p. 91, 1878. 
 Occurrence in Adair Co., Mo., G. C. Broadhead, Am. J. Sc., III., xiii., 420, 1877. 
 
 GRAHAMITE, Min., p. 753. Huasteca, Mexico, occurrence, Kimball, Am. J. Sc., xii., 
 277, 1876. 
 
 GRAPHITE, Min, p. 21 ; App. II, p. 25. Mexico, Castillo, Naturaleza, iii., 275, 1875. 
 Siberia, anal., Kern, Chem. News, xxxii., 229, 1875. 
 
 GREEXOCKITE, Min., p. 53; App. II, p. 25. Cryst., von Kolcscharof, Min. Russl , viii., 
 125, 1881. 
 
 GROCHAUITE App. II., p. 25. 
 
 GRUNAUITE, Min., p. 47. See Polydymite, p. 95. 
 
 GUADALCAZARITE. See Onofrite, p. 86, and App. II., p. 25. 
 
 GUANAJUATITE, App. II., p. 22. The sulphoselenido of bismuth, from Guanajuato, 
 Mexico, first mentioned by Castillo (1873), and fully described by Frenzel (J. Min., 1874, 
 679), was called Frenzelite in Append. II. (q. v.). It appears, however, that the same min- 
 eral was described in 1873 by V. Fernandez, and named Guan r tjuatite (La Repiibliea : 
 Periodico oficial del Gobierno del Estado de Guanajuato, July 13); the latter name has, con- 
 sequently, the priority. Fernandez concludes that the mineral contains only Bi 2 S 3 , the 
 sulphur being due, in 'his opinion, to pyrite. He obtained: Se 35-18, Bi 61 -00, gangue y '70, 
 Fe, S, loss 0-12 - 100. He also gives, H. = 3;5, G. = 6 62; the locality is the Santa Cata- 
 rina mine, Sierra de Santa Rosn, near Guanajuato. The same mineral is called castillite 
 by Domeyko, Min. Chili, 3d ed., p. 310, 1879. 
 
 Mallet has re-examined the mineral, and obtained (Am. J. Sc., III., xv., 294, 1878) : 
 
 Se S Bi Al,0 3 Fe 2 O 3 Si0 2 HoO 
 
 31-61 061 51)92 2-53 tr. 347 1'46 = 99'63. 
 
 After deducting 6 '72 p. c. halloysite, and 0'56 Si0 2 , present as impurities, the result 
 obtained is : Se 34'33, S 0-68, Bi 65 -01 = 100. The formula is then Bi 2 Se s , with a little of 
 the selenium replaced by sulphur ; the pure mineral contains no zinc. 
 
 The SILAONITE of V. Fernandez and S. Navia (La Repiibliea, Guanajuato, Mexico, Dec. 
 25, 1873), is a massive, bluish-gray mineral. H. 2'75. G. = 6'43-6'45. Described as 
 having the composition BinSe. Shown subsequently by Fernandez, and also by H. D. Bruns 
 (Chem'. News, xxxviii , 109, 1878), to b3 a mixture of guanajuatite and native bismuth, and 
 not a homogeneous mineral. 
 
 GUANO, App. I., p. 6 Domeyko (C. R., xc., 544, 1880), gives the following analyses of 
 minerals occurring in the guano of Mejillones. (1) Of imperfect crystals in the form of rect- 
 angular prisms, implanted on walls of natural fractures in the rock ; colorless, with vitreous 
 lustre. (2) Fibrous and in very elongated crystals, pyramidal in form, grouped in diverg- 
 
54 APPENDIX m. 
 
 ing bundles; grayish, lustre vitreous. (3) In small concretions in the earthy mass of the 
 guano ; soft on exterior, within compact and homogeneous ; amorphous ; color yellowish. 
 
 P 2 5 MgO CaO H 2 (and organic matter). 
 
 1. 64-89 35 11 = 100. 
 
 2. 40-13 18-53 5-80 3600 = 100-46. 
 
 3. 27-60 24-38 014 38'30 B 2 3 6'80 (A1 2 3 ) Fe 2 3 2-30 = 99-52. 
 
 Guanipite. See Oxammite, p. 88. 
 GUANO VULITE. App. II., p. 64. 
 
 GUARINITE, Min., p. 383; App. II., p. 26. Oryst., Guiscardi, Rend. Ace. Nap., Jan., 
 1876. 
 
 Guejarite. Cumenge, Bull. Soc. Min., ii., 201, ~LS79',Friedel,ib., ii., 203. 
 
 Orthorhombic ; in prismatic (20 mm. long) crystals flattened parallel to the brachypina- 
 coid, with the planes i-2, *-|, *-| in the prismatic zone, also 1-2 and ^-?, and several others 
 less certain. I /\ 7 = 101 9', i-t /\ l- = 138' 6'. Cleavage*-? neatly perfect (Friedel). 
 H. = 3'5. G. = 5 03. Color steel gray, with a tinge of blue. Analysis, Cumenge (1. c.): 
 
 S Sb Cu Fe Pb 
 
 25-0 58-5 15-5 0'5 tr. = 99*5. 
 
 The calculated formula is Cu 2 Sb 4 S 7 , or Cu,S + 2Sb,S 3 . Related to chalcostibite (Min., p. 
 85), the formula for which is Cu^S + Sb 2 S 3 , and which has /-A /= 101". B. B. on charcoal 
 gives off antimonial fumes, and yields when treated with soda metallic copper. Occurs 
 with siderite at the copper mines at the foot of Muley-Haceu, in the district of Guejar, 
 Sierra Nevada, Andalusia. 
 
 GUMBELITE, App. I., p. Q.ff Umbel (Min. Petr. Mitth., ii., 189, 1879), has analyzed a 
 mineral occurring as the petrifying material of coal plants in the Tarentaise, with the fol- 
 lowing results : SiO a 49-71, TiO, 1'04, A1 2 3 28'62, Fe 9 0, 2-69, MnO tr., MgO 1'60, CaO 
 tr., K 2 6-80, Na 2 2'21, H 2 7'38 (and coal) = 100-05. It occurs in fine white pearly 
 scales, somewhat greasy to the feel. G. = 2'8. Exfoliates like pyrophyllite. These results 
 show that the mineral is essentially the same as that called giimbelite by von Kobell, or a 
 sort of pinite. Gentli (Am. Phil. Soc. Philad.. xviii., 259, 1879), describes a mineral 
 occurring in a similar manner to the above in coal shales, and as a petrifying material; but 
 it is a true pyrophyllite. 
 
 GUMMITE, Min., p. 179. Occurrence at the Flat Rock mine, Mitchell Co., N. C., Kerr, 
 Am. J. Sc., III., xiv., 496, 1877; Hidden, ib., xxii., 22, 1881. Genth (Am. Chem. J., i., 
 89, 1879), has analyzed this gummite from North Carolina, and concludes that it is a 
 mechanical mixture of uranium hydrate, uranotil, lead uranate, and barium uranate. 
 
 GYPSUM, Min., p. 637; App II., p. 26. Cryst., Laspeyres, Min. Mitth., 1875, 113 
 (Reusch, ib., 1876, 67). mien, Pogg. Ann., civil., 611, 1876. 
 
 Elasticity in different directions, Coromilas, Z. Kryst., i., 407, 1877. Magnitude and 
 position of optical axes of elasticity, von Lang, Ber. Ak. Wien, Ixxvi , 793, 1877. Etching 
 figures, Weiss, ZS. G. Ges., xxix.. 211, 1877. Thermo- electrical properties, Ilankel, Wied. 
 Ann., i., 277, 1877. Influence of heat on double refraction, Dufet, Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 
 113, 191, 1831. 
 
 Occurrence at Vesuvius, Scaccki, Att. Ace. Napoli, vi. (Contr. Min., ii., 57). 
 
 GYROLITE, Min., p. 398. See Tobermorite, p. 123. 
 Haddamite. See Microlite, p. 80. 
 
APPENDIX III. 55 
 
 HALITE, Min., p. 112. Vesuvius, Scacclii, Att. Ace. Nap., vi., 1873 (Contr. Min., ii., 23). 
 
 Elasticity in different directions determined, Voigt, Pogg. Ann., Erg.-Bd., vii., 1, 177, 
 1875; (froth, Pogg. Ann., civil., 115, 1876. 
 
 Figures produced by etching, Sohncke, Pogg. Ann., clvii., 329, 1876; Exner, ib., clviii., 
 319, 1876. 
 
 An argentiferous variety of halite is called HUANTAJAYITE by Raimondi (in Domeyko, 5th 
 Appendix Min. Chili, 1876; also Min. Perou, p. 64, 1878). 
 
 Isometric ; occurs in cubes, also in incrustations made up of minute cubic crystals, also 
 fibrous. H. = 2. Color white, not altered by exposure. Transparent. Fragile not sec- 
 tile like cerargyrite. Composition: 20NaCl + AgCl; an analysis (fj) gave: NaCl 89, AgCl 
 11 = 100. B. B. decrepitates and fuses easily; on charcoal yields silver with soda. Occurs 
 in a calcareous gangue with cerargyrite, embolite, etc., at the mine of San Simon, Huan- 
 tajaya, Tarapaca, Peru. Called lechedor by the miners. First described by Raimondi in 
 the Annales de la Societe do Pharmacie de Lima, 1873. See also Domeyko, Ann. Min., 
 VII., xix., 329, 1881. 
 
 HALLITE. App. II., p. 26. 
 
 HALLO YSITE, Min., p. 475; App. II , p. 26. Anal., Steinbriick, Gamper, Verh. G. Reichs., 
 1876, 354. Tuffer, Styria, John, Jahrb. G. Reichs., 1878, 386. Drenkova, Banat, Helm- 
 hacker, Min. Petr. Mitth., ii., 231, 1879. Distr. San Mateo, Peru, Raimondi, Min. Perou, 
 p. 304, 1878. 
 
 A white porcelain clay, valuable in the arts, from Lawrence Co., Indiana, is called 
 INDIANAITE by fax (Rep. Geol. Indiana, 1874, 15; 1878, 154). It occurs with allophane in 
 beds four to ten feet thick. H. = 2-2'5. G. = 2-31-2'53. Analyses, 1, 2, 3, by Pemberton : 
 
 Si0 2 A1 3 3 H.,0 H a O at 100 C. CaO, MgO Alkalies. 
 
 39-00 36-00 14-00 9'50 0-63 0-54 = 99-67. 
 
 30-35 36-35 22^90 0-40 . . = 99-00. 
 38-90 37-40 23-60 undet = 99-90. 
 
 HALOTRICEITE, Min., p. 654. Anal., Idria, v. Zcpharomch, Ber. Ak. Wien, Ixxxix., 183, 
 1879. 
 
 HAMARTITE. See Sastudsite, App. I., p. 2 and 7; also Tysonite in this App., p. 126. 
 
 Hannayite. vom Rath, Ber. nied. Ges. Bonn, Jan. 13, 1878; Bull. Soc. Min., ii., 79, 
 1879. 
 
 Triclinic; in prismatic crystals, 1 /\ I = 114 34', /A ir-l 140 28'. Cleavage basal 
 perfect, less so, parallel /and /'. Prismatic planes vertically striated. G. = 1'893. An- 
 alysis by Maclvor: 
 
 P 2 5 MgO H M N H.,0 
 
 (5) 45-70 18-90 8-09 28-20 = 100-89. 
 
 Heated 36 hours at 100 undergoes no change; between 100 and 110 or 115 loses 21-08 
 p. c., becoming opaque; heated over a Bunscn flame loses the remainder of the water and 
 the ammonia (36'48 total loss). The remainder fuses, but dissolves only in part in con- 
 centrated HC1. Taking the loss between 100 and 120 as water of crystallization, the 
 formula is H'NH,)Mg a P 4 0,6 + 8aq, which requires: P 2 5 44^8, MgO 18-75, H 3 N 8-73, 
 H.jO 28*12 100. 
 
 Discovered by Maclvor of Melbourne in the guano of the Skipton caves, Victoria^, and 
 recognized as new by Ulrich, as stated in a letter to vom Rath; occurs with struvite and 
 newberyite. Named after Prof. J. B. Hannay, of Manchester. 
 
 HARMOTOME, Min., p. 439; App. II., p. 26. Mallard (Ann. Min., VII., x, 153, 1876), 
 following Des Cloizeaux, classes harmotome among pseudo-orthorhombic species, and calls 
 attention to its relation in form to analcite and also phillipsito. JBaumhauer (Z. Kryst., ii., 
 113, -1878) describes the results of a careful optical examination, and doubts the correctness 
 
56 APPENDIX III. 
 
 of referring it to the inonoclinic system, but Fresenius (ib., iii., 42) supports the conclusion 
 of Des Cloizeaux. 
 
 HATCHETTITE, Min.,p. 731; App. II., p. 26. Monte Falo, near Savigno, Italy, Casali, 
 Bombicci, Mem. Ac. Bologna, III., viii., 1877 (Z. Kryst., ii.,' 506). 
 
 Hatchettolite. J. L. Smith, Am. J. Sci., III., xiii., 365, May, 1877. 0. D. Allen, ibid., 
 xiv., 128, Aug., 1877. 
 
 Isometric; in octahedrons with planes of the cube, and 3-3. H. =5. G. = 4-77-4-90. 
 Lustre resinous. Color yellowish brown. Translucent. Fracture subconchoidal. 
 
 Analyses: 1, 2, 3, Smith (1. c.);.4, 5, Allen (1. c.): 
 
 Ta 2 5 Cb 2 5 Ti0 2 WO 3 SnO 2 UO 3 CaO Y 2 3 * FeO MgO K 2 O Na 2 O H 2 O 
 
 1. 66-01 075 15-20 7'72 2'00 2'08 .... 0'50 . 5'16 Pb tr. =99'42, Smith. 
 
 2. G7'86 .... 0-60 15'63 7'09 086) 251 .... 1'21 .... 4-43 = 100-18, Smith. 
 
 3. 67-25 ____ 0'91 16'Ql 7'11 0'64 2'12 ____ undet ..... 5'02= 99'06, Smith. 
 
 4. 29-83 34-24 1'61 0'30 15'50 8'87 .... 2'19 0'15 tr. 1'37 4'49 Pb tr. = 98'55, Allen. 
 
 5. 29-60 94 ........ 8-89 .... 2'33 ................ Allen. 
 
 * With cerium oxide. 
 
 IT II T 
 
 From analysis 4 Allen deduces the formula R^B^O? + 2RR a Oa + 4aq, with B = U0 2 , Ca, 
 
 Fe, Mg, Na 2 , and R = Ta, Cb. Allen calls attention to the close relation to pyrochlore, and 
 suggests that the original mineral in this case may have been anhydrous and hence analo- 
 gous to it in composition. The pyrognostic characters are near those of pyrochlore. 
 
 Occurs with samarskite, sometimes implanted on the former .mineral, in the mica mines 
 of Mitchell Co., North Carolina. Named after the English chemist Hatchett. 
 
 Haughtonite. See Mica Group, p. 77. 
 
 HAUYXITE, Min., p. 332; App. II., p. 26. Cryst., Albani Mts., Bella, Z. Kryst., i., 
 235, 1877. 
 
 HAYESINE, Min., p. 599. AnaL, Atacama, Chili, Domeyko, Ann. Min., VII., x., 26, 1876. 
 
 HEDYPHANE, Min., p. 537. Langban, Sweden, Lindstrdm (Geol. For. Forh., iv., 266, 
 1879'. G. 5-82. Color white or yellowish white. Analysis after deducting a little 
 CaC0 3 : As,0 5 29-01, P 2 5 0-55, PbO 41 -01, BaO 8'27, CaO 7-85, MgO 0-25, Pb 917, Cl 
 3-14, Fe 2 3 0-08, Na 2 0'15, K 2 0-09 = 99-57; this corresponds to the usual formula 
 3R 3 As. 2 8 4- PbClo, but the variety is remarkable as containing so much barium. The 
 hedyphane of Paisberg contains no barium or at most only a trace. 
 
 According to Des Cloizeaux (Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 93, 1881), the Langban hedyphane is 
 monoclinic and perhaps isomorphous with caryinite, p. 20. 
 
 See also Mimetite, p. 81. 
 
 HEBRONITE. See Amblygonite, p. 5. 
 
 Heldburgite. Luedeclce, Zeitsch. gesammt. Nat., III., iv., 291, 884, 1879. 
 
 Tetragonal, c (vert.) = 0*7590. In minute (3 mm. long, i to mm. thick), prismatic crys- 
 tals. Planes i-i, I, 1; angle I /\ 1 = 136 41' (near zircon). In habit resembles guarinite. 
 H. less than that of steel. Lustre adamantine. Color yellow. Streak white. Trans- 
 parent. B. B. infusible. Composition unknown (Ti0 2 absent). Occurs in the feldspar 
 of the phonolyte of the Heldburg near Coburg. [Needs further examination.] 
 
 HELVITE, Min., 234; App. II., p. 27. 
 
 HEMATITE, Min., p. 140; App. II., p. 27. Cryt., Vesuvius, ScaccM, Att. Accad. Napoli, 
 vi., 1873 (Contr. Min., ii., 1). Sadebeck, Pogg. Ann., clvt, 557. Binnenthal, Bucking, Z. 
 Kryst., i., 532; ii. 416. Groth, Min.-Samml. Strassburg, p. 73, 1878. Biancaville, Etna, 
 v. Lasaulx, Z. Kryst., iii., 294, 1879. Reichenstein, Silesia, Hare, Z. Kryst., iv., 297, 
 1879. Ascension Island, vom Rath, Z. Kryst., vi., 192, 1881. 
 
APPENDIX III. 57 
 
 magnetite in parallel posit 
 Pogg. Ann. Erg.-Bd., viii., C25 
 
 HEXRYITE. App. II., p. 27. 
 
 Henwoodite. J. H. Collins, Min. Mag., i., 11, 1876; C. Le Neve Foster, ibid., p. 8. 
 
 In botryoidal globular masses having a crystalline structure. H. = 4-4*5. G. = 2 '67. 
 Color turquoise blue. Streak white with bluish green tinge. Fracture conchoidal. Anal- 
 yses, Collins (1. c.): 
 
 P-O, Aln0 3 Fe-Oa CuO CaO H,0 Si0 2 
 
 1. 48-94 18-24 2'74 710 054 1710 1'37 _oss3'97 = 100. 
 
 2. 48-20 7-00 . '19-50 
 
 The iron, lime, and silica are regarded as due to impurities ; but aside from this the 
 analyses are so obviously imperfect, that it is useless to attempt to give a formula ; the 
 mineral, however, seems to be related most closely to turquoise. In the closed tube decrepi- 
 tates slightly, gives off water, and turns brown. B. B. infusible, colors the flame green. 
 Copper reactions with borax. Occurs on limonite at the West Phenix mine, Cornwall. 
 Named from Mr. Win. Jory Ileuwood. 
 
 Hermannolite. See Columbite, p. 29. 
 
 Herrengrundite. Brezina, Z. Kryst., iii;, 359, March 25, 1879. URVOLGYITE. Szdbd, 
 Min. Mitth., ii., 311, 1879 (Lit. Ber. Ungarn, iii., 510, 1879). 
 
 Monoclinic (triclinic?) : c (vert.) : & : d = 2*8004 : 1 : 1-8161. ft = 91 9'. Observed 
 planes: 0, --i, -^-i, -H, %-i, 1, J, *'-, i-}, i-*, i-}, i-\ i-\. I A J= 57 42', A 1 = 
 106" 52', A != 90 34'. Cleavage basal perfect. J less so, also i-2 or i-> (?). Occurs 
 in spherical groups of thin six-sided plates. The basal plane striated parallel i-i. Twin- 
 ning plane generally 0. Optic axes in plane parallel to the direction of striation. 2E<x = 
 59 2' (Li), Go 18' to 66 53' (Na), 68 39' (Tl). Double refraction negative. (Brezina.) 
 Dichroism weak, bluish green and greenish yellow. II. 2'5. G. = 3-132. (Winkler.) 
 Lustre vitreous, on cleavage face sometimes pearly. Color emerald green, verdigris green, 
 and bluish green. Streak light green. Transparent. Analyses; 1, Berwerth, Z. Kryst., 
 iii., 373; 2, Schenek, Min. Mitth., ii., 315, 1879. 
 
 S0 3 CuO CaO 11,0 
 
 1. 24-62 54-16 2-05 1<)-61=100. 
 
 2. 2462 49 52 8'59 16'73, SjO 2 0-33, FeO 0'14, MnO, MgO tr. =99*93. 
 
 Brezina regards the CaO as present in the form of gypsum as an impurity ; deducting 
 this the result obtained is : S0 3 23'04, CuO 57'52, H a O 1944 = 100. Szabo, on the contrary, 
 regards the CaO as essential, and writes the formula: (CuS0 4 + aq) + 3H 2 Cu0 2 + (CaS0 4 + 
 2aq). [The view of Szabo seems very improbable, and is not established by his experiments 
 made to decide the point; the mineral needs further examination on the chemical side.] 
 
 Occurs with malachite and calcite in a quartz conglomerate at Herrengrund in Hungary. 
 Related to langite, brochantite, etc. Named from the locality Herrengrund = Urvolgy in 
 Hungarian. 
 
 HERSCHELITE, Min., p. 437; App. II., p. 27. The hcrschelite of Richmond, Victoria 
 (called seebachite by Bauer, App. II., p. 50), is referred to phacolite (chabazite) by vom 
 Rath (Ber. Ak. Berlin, 1875, 523); Becke, however, shows (Min. Petr. Mitth., ii., 416, 1879), 
 that it differs from chabazite; he regards the form as mbnoclinic united by twinning in a 
 manner analogous to, but not identical with, chabazite. A similar result is reached by von 
 Lasaulx (Z. Kryst., v., 338, 1881) for the herschelite from Aci Castello, Sicily; an analysis 
 yielded : Si0 2 47'15, Al a 8 21-42 (with Fe,0 3 ), CaO 5'34 (with MgO), Na 2 0, K 2 [6'69], H 2 O 
 19-40 = 100, leading to the formula (Na, K) a Ca [Ai 2 ] 2 Si 8 24 + 12aq. 
 
58 APPENDIX m. 
 
 HESSITE, Min., p. 50; App. II., p. 27.Schrauf (Z. Kryst., ii., 242, 1878), describes a 
 highly modified crystal from Rezbanya; he refers it to the isometric system, and shows that 
 the species is isomorphous with argentine, he notes, however, the variations in the measured 
 angles, but concludes that they fall within the probable errors of observation. A '/<//// cr 
 (Z. Kryst., iv., 542), describes isometric crystals of unusual perfection from the Jacob and 
 Anna mine, Botes Mt., between Zalathna and VorOspatak, Transylvania. Becke (Min. Petr. 
 Mitth., iii., 301, 1880) has subjected the crystals from Botes to a careful examination, and 
 argues [but not conclusively] that they must be referred to the triclinic system, although 
 they closely approximate to the isometric form. An analysis gave him : Ag GO -6!), Au 1 -37, 
 
 Te '^7 '22, quartz 0'40= 9968, corresponding to Ag 2 Te with, as assumed by the author, a 
 little Au 2 Te 3 . 
 
 From Kearsarge mine. Dry Canon, Utah, G-cntTi (anal, by Ralit), Am. Phil. Soc. Philad., 
 xvii., 115, 1877 (or Z. Kryst., ii., 3). Chili, DomeyJco, C. 11., Ixxxi., 63;> 1875. 
 
 Hetaerolite. G. E. Moore, Am. J. Sc., Ill, xiv., 423, Nov., 1877. HETAIRITE, Nau- 
 mann-Zirkel, Min., 11 ed., p. 371. ' 
 
 Announced as follows, but not fully described : In botryoidal coatings with columnar 
 radiate structure. H. = 5. G. = 4'933. Lustre metallic to submetallic. Color black. 
 Streak brownish ^black. Opaque. Brittle. Contains zinc and manganese, and stated to 
 be a zinc hausmannite, but no analyses published. Occurs intimately associated with chal- 
 cophanite (whence name from erafpoS, companion) at the Passaic zinc mine, Sterling 
 Hill, New Jersey. [A more complete description is needed.] 
 
 HETAIRITE. See Hetcerolite. 
 
 HETEROGENTTE, App. II., p. 27. St. Anton mine, Heubach, near Wittichcn, Baden, 
 Sandberger, J. Min., 1876, 280. 
 
 
 
 HETEROMOBPIIITE. See Jamesonite, p. 64. 
 
 Heubachite. F, Sandberger, Ber. Ak. Munchen, 1876, 238. 
 
 In thin soot-like incrustations; in dendritic or small spherical aggregates. H. = 2"5. 
 G. - 3 '44. Color deep black. Streak submetallic. Analysis, Zeitschel (1. c.): 
 
 Co a Os Ni 2 3 Fe,0 3 ' Mn 2 3 H 2 
 
 65-50 14-50 513 150 12-59 = 99-22. 
 
 This corresponds to 3R 2 3 + 4H 2 0. B. B. infusible. Soluble in concentrated hydro- 
 chloric acid, with evolution of chlorine; the solution deep bluish green, but on dilution 
 with water becomes rose red. Occurs as a secondary product coating barite at the St. Anton 
 mine, in the Heubachthal, near Wittichen, Baden ; also at the mine Eberhard, near Alpirs- 
 bach, Wurtemberg. This mineral was first referred to hcterogenitc by Sandberger, J. Min., 
 1876, 280. [Is the substance homogeneous ?] 
 
 HEULANDITE, Min., p. 444; App. II., p. 28. Cryst., Turkestan, <o. Jercmejef, Verb. 
 Min. Ges. St. Pet, II., xiii., 389 (Z. Kryst., ii., 503). 
 
 Anal., Orange Free State, So. Africa, Cohen, J. Min., 1875, 116. San Piero, Elba, 
 Grattarola and Sansoni, Att. Ace. Tosc., iv., 175, 1879; ib., p. 314. 
 
 Occurs at Leipervillc, Delaware Co., Penn., Kdnig, Z. Kryst., ii., 303, 1878. 
 
 See also Epistilbite, p. 42 ; and Oryzite, p. 87. 
 
 Hexagonite. See AmpTiibole, p. 5. 
 
 Hibbertite. Heddle, Min. Mag , ii , 24, 1878. 
 
 Pulverulent. Color lemon yellow. Analysis after deducting 20'68 p. c. of the matrix, 
 kammererite, insoluble in dilute acid : CO, 25'44, FeO 3'23, MnO 0'58, MgO 26-56, CaO 
 28-46, H 2 O 15-73 = 100. From a quarry of chromite on the island of Unst. Named after 
 Mr. Hibbert, the discoverer of the chromite. [The investigation of the substance is not suf- 
 ficiently complete to prove that it is a distinct species; it seem to be a mixture allied to 
 predazzite and pencatite, Min., p. 708, 709; and App. II., p. 45 ] 
 
APPENDIX HI. 59 
 
 Hiddenite. See Spodumene, p. 112. 
 
 HISINGERITE, Min., p. 489; App. II., p. 28. Anal, of a related mineral (Collins), Japan, 
 Milne, Min. Mag., iii , 99, 1879. 
 
 Hofmannite. BecM, Ace. Line. Trans., III., ii., 135, 1878. Occurs in tabular crystals, 
 shaped like rhombs; they are colorless, tasteless, and odorless. G. = 1'0535. Soluble in 
 alcohol (5 pts. in 1000 p'ts. alcohol at 14) more readily than in ether. Melts at 71 to a 
 fluid resembling olive oil, burns with a bright flame. Composition C 2 oH 36 0; an analysis 
 gave: C 82 '23, H 12 '20, 5 57. Forms a white crystalline efflorescence on lignite in the 
 neighborhood of Siena. Named after Prof. A. W. Hofmann, of Berlin. 
 
 Homilite. S. R. Paijkull, Geol. For. Forh.. iii., 229, 1876. Des Cloizeaux and Damour, 
 ib., iii., 385, 1877, or Ann. Chiin. Phys., V., xii., 405, 1877. 
 
 Monoclinic. In angles closely related to gadolinite and datolite. / A I~ 116, A *'-*' 
 = 90 39', A 2-1 = 147 20' (0, J, 2-1= i-i, 2-1, I of datolite, Min., p. 380). Crystals 
 octahedral in habit by extension of 1 and 2-4. also and i-i prominent. Cleavage indis- 
 tinct. Axes in a plane perpendicular to plane of symmetry, bisectrix nearly parallel to 
 prismatic edge. 2H a = 5)7 5' to 98 22' (red). Dispersion p > v, also of bisectrices 
 horizontal (Des Cloizeaux). H. = 4*5-5 (5'5 Paijkull). G. 3'34(3'28 Paijkull). Lustre 
 resinous to vitreous. Color black or blackish brown. Streak grayish. Translucent in 
 thin splinters. Analyses: 1, Paijkull (1. c.); 2, Damour (1. c.); 
 
 SiO 2 B 3 3 A1 2 3 Fe.,0 3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Ce a 8 * Na 2 K 2 O ign. 
 
 1. 31-87 [18-08] 1-50 215 1625.... 0'52 27'28 1'09 0'41 0'85 = 100. 
 
 2. 33-00 [15 -21] 18-180-74 27'00 2'56 I'Ol 2'30 = 100. 
 
 * With La-jOg, Di 2 O 3 . 
 
 From analysis 1 the following formula is calculated: FeCa 2 B 2 Si 2 0,o, which corresponds 
 closely with that of datolite, to which the mineral is similar in crystalline form. This simi- 
 larity was first pointed out by Nordenskiold (Geol. For. Forh., iii., 232, 1876). B. B. homi- 
 lite fuses very readily to a black glass ; reacts for iron and boracic acid. Completely 
 decomposed by HC1 with gelatinization. Found on the Stocko near Brevig, Norway, with 
 meliphanite and erdmannite. Named from 6uiA.e(*), to occur together. 
 
 Des Cloizeaux remarks that some crystals of homilite are throughout doubly refracting, 
 others are composed of a green doubly refracting kernel surrounded by a yellowish crust of 
 singly refracting material, while still others are entirely singly refracting. In this respect it 
 is closely similar to gadolinite; whether this variation is certainly due to alteration does 
 
 (C 
 
 M 
 
 the similarity in appearance of the isotropic mineral analyzed by him to true erdmannite, 
 
 and adds that the mineral supposed to be the latter contains no boron (see also p. 4:3). 
 
 HOPEITE, Min., p. 544. Damour and Des Cloizeaux, Bull. Soc. Min., ii., 131, 1879. 
 Friedel and Sarasin, ib., p. 15:>. 
 
 Des Cloizeaux has made a crystallographic and optical examination of hopeite, confirming 
 and extending the results of Levy and llaidinger. Damour shows that it is essentially a 
 zinc phosphate, and Friedel and' Sarasin have succeeded in forming artificially crystals 
 which have the form and optical properties of hopeite, and which have the composition 
 Zn s P 2 8 + 4aq, which requires : P 2 5 31 -07, ZnO 53'18, H,0 15*75. They conclude that 
 this formula expresses also the composition of natural hopeite. According to Schrauf his 
 new species eggonite (q. v.) is closely related in form to hopeite. 
 
 HORBACHITE. App. II., p. 28. 
 
 HORNBLENDE. See Amphibole, p. 5. 
 
 HORTONOLITE. App. I., p. 7. 
 
 HOWLITE. Min., p. 598; App. II., p. 28. 
 
(50 APPENDIX in. 
 
 Huantajayite. See Halite, p. 55. 
 
 HUASCOLITE, Min., p. 42. A massive mineral having a bluish gray color is referred to 
 huascolite by Raimondi (Min. Perou, p. 202, 1878). He obtained alter deducting 14'50 p. c. 
 gangue: S 27 76, Pb 26-86, Zn 44-50, Fe 0'88 = 100, from the Poderosa mine, Province of 
 Dos de Mayo, Peru. Domeyko describes a mineral from Morochocha, Peru, corresponding 
 in composition to PbS + (Zn, Fe) S, with Zn=16'59; another from Coro-Coro, Bolivia, 
 afforded 5 p. c. ZnS (6th App. Min. Chili, p. 17, 1878). 
 
 HUBNERITE, Min., p. 603; App. II., p. 28. Nevada, containing thallium, Sandberger, 
 J. Min., 1877, 508. From Morochocha, Peru, Raimondi, Min. Perou, p. 241, 1878. 
 Occurs at Rabenstein, Sandberger, J. Min., 1879, 369. Found by W. P. Jenney, in the 
 Black Hills, Dakota, at the Comstock mine, near Deadwood. 
 
 Hullite. K T. Hardman, Prop. Roy. Ir. Acad., II., iii., 161, 1878. 
 
 Massive. H. = 2. Color velvet black. Lustre waxy but dull. Analysis, Hardman : 
 Si0 2 39-44, A1 2 3 10'35, Fe 2 3 20'72, FeO 3'70, MgO 7'47, CaO 4-48, H 2 13 62, MnO tr., 
 C0 2 tr. = 99 '78. Occurs filling and coating vesicular cavities in the basalt of Carn money 
 Hill, near Belfast, Ireland. 
 
 Heddle remarks that hullite may be considered as a desiccated chlorophaeite, but he also 
 gives the following analysis of a similar mineral from the basalt at Jvinkell, in Fifeshire, 
 Scotland: Si0 2 38'59, A1 2 3 17'34, Fe 2 3 (FeO undet.) 15'97, MnO 1-56, CaO 3-94, MgO 
 8-65, K 2 0-67, H 2 13-48 (at 100 8'0i) = 100-20. This he regards as a homogeneous 
 mineral, and believes it to somewhat support the claim of hullite to be considered as an 
 independent species, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., xxix., 89, 187i). [Near delessite; compare 
 also diabantite.] 
 
 Huminite. A hydrocarbon from Ostmark, in Wermland, Sweden, which, according to 
 Bkman (CEfv. Ak. Stockh., 1868, 138), has the composition (ash free): C 67-15, 29'8a, H 
 2-55, N 0'47, S [0*40] =100. A similar coal from Gryhytte, Finberget, Sweden, has, 
 according to Holland (Geol. For. Forh., ii., 521, 1875), the composition (ash free): C 67'67 
 28-11, H 3-89, N tr., S 0'33 = 100. 
 
 HUMITE, Min., p. 363. See Chondrodite, p. 26; and App. II., p. 28. 
 Huntilite. See Macfarlanite, p. 71. 
 HYALITE. Min., p. 199; App. II., p. 28. 
 HYALOSIDERITE. Min., p. 256; App. II., p. 28. 
 
 Hyalotekite. Nordenskiold, Geol. For. Forh., iii., 382, 1877. 
 
 Massive. Coarsely crystalline. Cleavage easy in two directions, at an angle of approxi- 
 mately 90 ; also less easy in a third direction, in the same zone (Des Cloizoaux). H. = 5-5 '5. 
 G. 3 "81. Lustre vitreous to greasy. Color white to pearly gray. Transparent in very 
 thin plates. Brittle. Optically biaxial, axes in a plane parallel to the axis of the zone of 
 three cleavages: 2H = 98-99 (red), bisectrix positive (Des Cloizeaux, Bull. Soc. Min., i., 
 9, 1878). An incomplete analysis gave : 
 
 Si0 3 PbO BaO. CaO ign. 
 
 39-62 25-30 20'66 7'00 0'83 A1 2 3 , K 2 0, etc., tr. 
 
 B. B. fuses to a clear glass, which in R. F. becomes blackened with reduced lead. On 
 charcoal with soda in small amount fuses to a clear glass ; with more soda in R. F. gives a 
 lead globule and a coating of lead oxide. In salt of phosphorus dissolves, leaving a skel- 
 eton of silica. Insoluble in hydrochloric or sulphuric acids. Occurs sparingly in a gray- 
 ish-white feldspar, with hedyphane and schefferite, at Langban, Wermland, Sweden. 
 Named from vaA.o?, glass, and rrjKEiv, to melt. 
 
 HYDRARGILLITE. See Cfibbsite, p. 51 
 
APPENDIX in. 61 
 
 HYDKARGYRITE. App. II. , p. 28 (8). 
 Hydrocastorite. See Petalite, p. 91. 
 
 Hydrocerussite. NordensUold, Geol. For. Forh., iii., 381, 1877. 
 
 A hydrous lead carbonate (perhaps 2PbC0 3 -f H 2 0), occurring sparingly as a coating on 
 native lead, at Langban, Wermland, Sweden. It consists of white, colorless, crystalline 
 plates, showing one perfect cleavage ; soft. Soluble in acid with evolution of carbon diox- 
 ide. According to Bertrand (Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 87, 1881), the mineral occurs in hexago- 
 nal plates, and optically is uniaxlal, negative. [Needs further examination.] 
 
 HYDROCUPRITE. App. II., p. 28. 
 HYDROCYANITE. App. II., p. 29. 
 
 Hydrofluorite. Scacclii, Att. Ace. Napoli, vi., 1873 (Contrib. Min., ii., 65). Hydro- 
 fluoric acid gas observed at Vesuvius, especially after the eruptions of 1870 and 1872. 
 
 Hydrofranklinite. According to the late W. T. Rcepper, a new hydrous oxide of zinc, 
 manganese, and iron. Occurs in small, very brilliant iron-black regular octahedrons ; with 
 octahedral cleavage highly perfect. H. = 4-4 '5. G. = 4'06-4'09. From Sterling Hill, 
 No J. [The original investigation was, unfortunately, never completed.] 
 
 HYDROHALITE. App. II., p. 29. 
 Hydroilmenite. See Menaccanite, p. 76. 
 HYDROMAGNESITE. App. II., p. 29. 
 
 Hydroniccite. A name suggested for a doubtful substance conjectured to be a hydrated 
 oxide of nickel, Texas, Penn., C. U. Shepard, Min. Contr., 1877. 
 
 Hydrophilite. See Chlorocalcite, p. 25. 
 
 Hydrorhodonite. N. Engstrom, Geol. For. Forh., ii., 468, 1875. 
 
 Massive ; crystalline. Cleavage easy in one direction. H. = 5-6. G. = 2 '70. Lustre 
 vitreous. Color red-brown. Streak brownish white. Translucent, in thin splinters trans- 
 parent. Fracture splintery. Analyses : 
 
 SiO, - MnO FeO MgO CaO Li.O Na 2 HoO 
 
 1. 44-07 30-83 1'04 6-98 3-60 1-23 0'39 11 : 84 = 99-98 
 
 2. 44-06 31-15 1-00 7-24 3-54 (LiCl, NaCl = 4'80) 11-96. 
 
 Formula ESi0 3 + H 2 0, or rhodonite plus a molecule of water. Soluble in HC1, with 
 the separation of silica. B. B. fuses easily to an opaque, brownish red bead ; reacts for 
 manganese. The powdered mineral becomes black on heating. From Laugban, in Werm- 
 land, Sweden. [Perhaps simply a hydrated rhodonite.] 
 
 Hydrotitanite. See Perofskite, p. 91. 
 
 HYGROPHILITE, App. II., p. 29. Related mineral from Reuschbach, Palatinate, Gumbel, 
 J. Min., 1878, 385. 
 
 HYPERSTHENE, Min., p. 209; App. II., p. 29. Anal., Adirondacks, N. Y., Leeds, Amer. 
 Chem., March, 1877. Finland, (Efv. Finsk., xvii., 72-3. Arvieu, Arveyron, Pisani, C. R. 
 Ixxxvi., 1419, 1878. Santorin, Fouque, Bull. Soc. Min., i., 46, 1878.' Romsas, Askim, 
 Meinich, HjortdaJil, Z. Kryst, iv., 519, 1880. 
 
62 APPENDIX m. 
 
 Crystallographic and optical description with analyses, Bodenmais, Becke, Min. Petr. 
 Mitth., in., 60, 1880. From Demavend, Persia, in trachyte, Blaas, Min. Petr. Mitth iii 
 
 479, 1881. 
 
 HYPOCHLORITE. Min., p. 392; App. II., p. 30. 
 
 ICE, Min., p. 135. Optical structure, Koch, J. Min., 1877, 449. Bertm. Ann. Ch 
 Phys., V., xiii., 283, 1878. Klocke, J. Min., 1879, 272; 1881, i., 23. 
 
 IDOCRASE. See Vesumanite, p. 129. 
 
 Idrocastorite (Hydrocastorite). See Petalite, p. 91. 
 
 Igelstromite. See Pyroaurite, p. 99. 
 
 Ihleite. Schrauf, J. Min., 1877, 252. 
 
 Amorphous. Forms an efflorescence on graphite, having a botryoidal or small reniform 
 structure. G. = 1'812. Color orange yellow, becoming pale yellow in dry air. Analyses: 
 
 7 S0 3 A1 2 3 , Fe 3 O 8 
 1. 38-2 2^5" 
 
 V 
 
 FeO CaO H 2 
 2-1 ... 35-5 = 100-3. 
 
 2. 37-4 0-3 : 
 
 36T~ 0-4 35-6 = 998. 
 
 3. 37-2 256 
 
 1-4 0-3 353 = 99-8. 
 
 Formula perhaps [Fe 2 ]S 3 12 + 12aq. = S0 3 38-96, Fe,0 3 25*96, H 2 35 '07. Soluble in 
 cold water. Occurs at the graphite deposits at Mugrau, Bohemia, owing its origin to the 
 decomposition of imbedded crystals of pyrite. Named for Mr. Ihle, superintendent of 
 mines in Mugrau. [Near coquimbite.] 
 
 Ilesite. A. F. Wuensch, Mining Index, Leadville, Colorado, Nov. 5, 1881. In loosely 
 Iherent crystalline a 
 ble. Analysis by M. 
 
 adherent crystalline aggregates, prismatic. Color white. Taste bitter, astringent. Fria- 
 ^ r . Il( 
 
 S0 3 MnO ZnO FeO H 2 
 
 35-85 2318 5'63 4'55 30-18 = 99'39. 
 
 This corresponds approximately to RS0 4 + 4aq., which, with R = Mn : Zn : Fe = 5 : 1 : 1, 
 requires : S0 3 35 -63, MnO 22*58, ZnO 5 15, FeO 4'58, H 2 32-06 = 100. Readily soluble 
 in water. Occurs m a siliceous gangue with the sulphides of iron and zinc (from which it 
 has been formed \ in veins 2 to 8 inches wide. Locality in Hall Valley, Park Co., Colorado. 
 Named after Dr. M. W. lies, of Leadville. 
 
 ILMENITE. See Menaccanite, p. 76. 
 ILMENORUTILE. See Rutile, p. 105. 
 ILSEMANNITE. App. I., p. 7. 
 
 ILVAITE, Min., p. 296 ; App. II.. p. 30. Analyses, (1\ Elba, Bipocz (Min. Mitth., 1875, 
 72), an unaltered crystal; (2\ Early, quoted by Reynolds (Chem. News, xxxvi., 85, 1877), 
 Proc. Roy. Ir. Acad., II., iii., 52, 1877. 
 
 Si0 2 Feo0 3 FeO MnO CaO HoO 
 
 1. G. = 4-037 ( 4 4 ) 29-67 21-26 33-09 0'74 13-33 2-32 = 100-41, 
 
 2. 29-93 2016 31'83 3'02 13-71 0'42, A1 3 O 8 0*36, MgO 0-30, K 2 0-20, 
 
 [Na 2 0-29 = 100-22. 
 
APPENDIX nr. 63 
 
 Sipocz makes the water essential, and adopts the formula of Stadeler : R 7 [R 2 ] Si 4 0i 8 , or 
 HoCaoFe, [~Fe 2 ]Si 4 Oi 8 ; Reynolds neglects the water, and writes: R 6 [R 2 ]Si 4 17 , or Ca 2 (Fe, 
 Mn),[Fe. 2 ]Si 4 17 . 
 
 According to Websky, isomorphous with humite, Ber. Ak. Berlin, 1876, 201. 
 
 Indianaite. See Halloysite, p. 55. 
 
 lodobromite. A. von Lnsauh; J. Min., 1878, 619. 
 
 Isometric, in octahedrons with cubic planes. Cleavage octahedral indistinct. G. 
 5-713. Color sulphur yellow, sometimes greenish. Sectile. Composition: 2 Ag (Cl,Br) + 
 Ag I = Cl 7-79, Br 17-18, I 14*15, Ag 60-88 = 100. Analysis, Lasaulx (1. c.): 
 
 Cl Br I Ag 
 
 7-09 17-30 15-05 59-96 - 99-40. 
 
 B. B. gives off bromine vapors and leaves a silver globule. Found in small cavities in 
 ferruginous quartz at the mine " Scheme Aussicht," near Dernbach, Nassau, associated 
 with beudantite, carminite, and probably greenockite. 
 
 IODYRITE, Min., p. 117. Artificial crystals, hemimorphic, v. Zepharovich, Z. Kryst., iv., 
 119, 187s). 
 
 Cryst., Dernbach, Nassau, Seligmann, Corr. Bl. Nat. Ver. Bonn, xxxvii., 130, 1880. 
 Occurrence at Caracoles, Chili, Domeyko, 6th App. Min. Chili, p. 29, 1878. 
 
 IOLTTE, Min., p. 291); App. II., p. 30. Elba, D'Achiardi. Att. Ace. Tosc., ii., July 4, 
 1875 (ZS. G. Ges, xxvi., 462). Pseudomorphs, Wiclimann, ZS. G. Ges., xxvi., 675, 1874. 
 In Hungarian trachytes, Szabo, J. Min., Beil-Bd , i., 802, 1881. 
 
 lonite. S. Purnel?, Am. J. Sc., III., xvi., 153, August, 1878. 
 
 A fossil hydrocarbon found in a more or less impure condition in the lignite of lone 
 Valley. Amador County, California. Structure firm, earthy. Color brownish yellow. 
 Partially soluble in cold alcohol, largely soluble in ether, completely so in chloroform. A 
 brown tarry oil containing a small quantity of paraffine is separated by dry distillation. 
 Exact chemical nature unknown. 
 
 IRIDIUM, Min., p. 12. Cryst., Ural, v. Jcremejef, Vcrh. Min. Ges. St. Pet., II., xiv., 
 155, 1879 (Z. Kryst, iii., 4'37). 
 
 IRIDOSMINE. Min., p. 12. (Nefdanskite), v. Kokscharof, Min. Russl., vi , 237, 239, 1874. 
 
 IRON, Min , p. 15; App. II., p. 30. The native iron of Ovifak, Disco Bay, Greenland, 
 discovered by Nordens/ciold in 1870 (CEfv. Ak. Stockh., 1870, 1058, and 1871, 1, or Geol. 
 Mag., ix., 1872), and by him regarded as of meteoric origin, has been exhaustively studied 
 both initsgeognostic and chemical relations : See Nordstrom, CEfv. Ak. Stockh., 1871, 453; 
 NditeJeto/, ib., Bihang, i., April, 1872 (or Min. Mitth.,1874, 109); Daubree, C. R., Ixxiv., 
 1516, 1872, and Ixxv., 240, 1872, and Ixxxiv., 65, 1877; Wohler, Gott. Gelehrt. Anzeig., 
 1872, 197, and J. Min., 1879, 852; Tschermak, Min. Mitth., 1874, 165; Steenstrup, Ved. 
 Medd. Copenhagen, 1875, Nos. 16-19 (or ZS. G. Ges., xxviii., 225, 1876); Tornebohm, CEfv. 
 Ak. Stockh., Bihang, 1878; Meunier, C. R., Ixxxix., 215, 1879; J. Lawrence Smith, Ann. 
 Ch. Phys., V., xvi., 453, 1870. The observations of Steenstrup, and later more particularly 
 those of Tornebohm and Smith make it very certain that the iron is not meteoric but of 
 terrestrial origin. 
 
 Iserite. See Rutile, p. 105. 
 ISOCLASITE. App. I., p. 7. 
 
 ITTNERITE, Min., p. 333. It is concluded by van Werwerks on the basis of a microscopi- 
 a,mlnation that ittnerite and skolopsite belong together, and that both 
 
 cal and chemical examination 
 
64 APPENDIX in. 
 
 are results of the partial alteration of haiiynite (J. Min., 1880, ii., 264). This confirms the 
 conclusion of Rammelsberg (Syst. Min., p. 333, and Min. Chem., 2d ed., p. 459). 
 
 IVIGTITE. App. I., p. 7. 
 
 JACOBSITE, App. I., p. 8. Langban, Wermland, Sweden, anal, by Lindstrom: Feo0 3 
 58-39, Mn 2 3 6-96, MnO 29'93, MgO 1-68, CaO 0'40, PbO 1-22, P 2 5 0-06, -insol. 2'17 = 
 100 -81. This corresponds to Mn [Fe<>, Mn 2 ]0 4 ; quoted by Nordenskiold, Geol. For. Forh., 
 iii., 384, 1877. 
 
 JADEITE, Min., p. 292. Analyses of related minerals, Damour, Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 
 157, 1881. 
 See also Neprite, p. 84. 
 
 JAIPURITE, Min., p. 47 (Syepoorite, Jeypoorite, wrong orthog., Mallet). According to a 
 recent investigation, by I'. R. Mallet, of the cobalt minerals of the Khetri mines, Rajpu- 
 tana, India, the simple cobalt sulphide, originally called syepoorite, probably lias no 
 existence; the cobalt minerals identified were cobaltite and danaite. Records Geol. Surv. 
 India, xiv., pt. 2, 190, 1881. 
 
 JALPAITE. Min., p. 39; App. II., p. 30. 
 
 JAMESONITE, Min., p. 90; App. II., p. 30. Related mineral (heteromorphite) from Arns- 
 berg, Westphalia, anal, corresponding to 7PbS + 4Sb 2 S 3 , Pisani, C. R., Ixxxiii., 747, 1876. 
 
 Anal. (Sarlay) Wiltau, Pichler, Min. Mitth., 1877, 355. Sevier Co., Arkansas, Dunning- 
 ton, Amer. Assoc., 1877, 184. Spain, Province of Huelva, Genth, Am. Ch. Journ., i., 325, 
 1879. Arkansas, C. E. Wait, Trans. Amer. Inst. Min. Eng., viii., 51, 1880. 
 
 JAROSITE, Min., p. 660. Oryst., v. Kokscharof, Min. Russl., vi., 227, 1874. 
 
 Occurrence at the Vulture mine, Arizona, Silliman, Am. J. Sc., III., xviii.', 73, 1879; anal. 
 (1), Penfield, ib., xxi., 160, 1881. Occurrence at the Arrow mine, Chaffee Co., Colorado, 
 and anal. (2), Konig, Am. Chem. Journ., ii., 375, 1881. Occurrence in the province of 
 Cajamarca, Peru, Ramondi, Min. Perou, p. 234, 1878. 
 
 S0 3 Fe 2 3 K 2 Na 2 II a O SiO a 
 
 1. G. = 3-09 30-42 48'27 8'53 0-28 [11-42] 1-08 = 100. 
 
 2. G. = 3144 29-33 52'3G 7'30 0'90 10-55 = 100 '44. 
 
 The water determined in (1), viz., 12'91, was too high, the result obtained by difference is 
 nearer correct. In (2), the silica has been deducted, and 8 -8 p. c. of turgite remains to be 
 rejected. The formula is then K 2 [Fe,,] 3 S 4 22 , 6H 2 = K 2 S0 4 + [Fe 2 ]S a 12 + 2[Fe 2 ] 
 H 6 O 6 . 
 
 JAULINGTTE, Min., p. 800. A related resin (C 2U H 43 2 ), from Koflach, Styria, for which 
 the name KOFLACHITE is provisionally suggested by Dolter, J. Min., 1880, ii., 152 (ref.). 
 
 JEFFERISITE. Min., p. 494; App. II., p. 30; see ako Vermiculite, p. 129. 
 JEFFERSONITE. Min., p. 215 ; App. II., p. 30. 
 Jogynaite. See Scorodite, p, 108. 
 
 JORDANITE. Min., p. 88; App. II., p. 31. Cryst., Binnenthal, W. J. Lewis, Z. Kryst., 
 >ii., 191, 1878. 
 
 JULIANITE. App. I., p. 8. 
 
 -KAKOCHLOR. See Psilomelane, p. 98. 
 
APPENDIX m. 65 
 
 KALUSZITE. App. II., p. 31 (54). 
 
 KAOLINTTE, Min., p. 473; App. II. p. 31. Anal., Quenast, Belgium, de Koninck, Bull. 
 Ac. Belg., II., xliv., 733, 1877. 
 
 Chemical and microscopical discussion of kaolin from the "Bunt Sandstein" of 
 Thuringia, Herold, Inaug. Diss. Jena, 1875. Schmid, in an extended discussion on the 
 same subject, names two kinds of crystallites observed by him mikrovermiculit, and mikro- 
 schorlit, the latter Ire regards as probably tourmaline, ZS. G. Ges., xxviii., 87, 1876. 
 
 KARARFVEITE. App. II., p. 32. 
 KARSTENITE. Min., p. 621; App. II., p. 31. 
 Karyinite. See Caryinite, p. 20. 
 Keatingine. See Rhodonite, p. 104. 
 
 KEILHAUITE, Min., p. 387. Contains scandium, Clew, CEfv. Ak. Stockh., xxxvi., No. 7, 
 p. 3, 1879. 
 
 jffelyphite. Schrauf, Verh. G. Reichs., 1879, 244. Gray serpentinous coating of 
 pyrope crystals from Kremze, near Budweis, Bohemia. The pyrope has been analyzed by 
 irizer. 
 
 pyrop 
 Scliai 
 
 KENNGOTTITE. See Miargyriie, p. 77. 
 
 Kentrolite. Damour and vom Rath, Z. Kryst., v., 32, 1880. 
 
 Orthorhombic ; axes, c (vert.) : & : & = 0-784, 1 : 633. Observed planes: 7, 1, and i-1 
 small. I A 1 = 115 18', 1 A 1 (terminal) = 87 29' and 125 32'. Cleavage: prismatic, 
 distinct. Crystals minute, often grouped in sheaf -like forms resembling stilbite, planes 
 rough, and 'the prismatic horizontally striated. Also massive. H. = 5. G. = 6'19 
 Color dark reddish brown, on the surface blackish (vom Rath). Analysis, Damour: 
 
 SiO 2 Mn0 2 PbO 
 
 15-95 24-50 (or Mn 2 3 22-26) 59-79 = 100-24. 
 
 The state of oxidation of the manganese, and hence the true composition of the mineral, 
 
 is left in doubt; on the first supposition it is expressed PbMnSiO B , which requires: SiO 2 16*21, 
 Mn0 2 23 52. PbO 60 27 = 100; on the second it is Pb 2 [Mn 2 ] Si a O, which requires: SiO a 
 16-58, Mn,0 3 21 83, PbO 61'59 = 100. [The latter formula is the more probable one; see 
 Melanotekite, p. 75.] B. B. on charcoal gives a lead coating and with soda a globule of 
 lead. In a salt of phosphorus bead dissolves and gives in R. F. a slight yellowish color, 
 after the addition of saltpeter becomes bright violet. Dissolves in part in dilute sulphuric 
 acid with the separation of manganese oxide and silica. With HC1 chlorine is disengaged. 
 From southern Chili, exact locality unknown. Occurs with quartz, barite, apatite. Named 
 from xevrpov, spike. Websky calls attention to the fact that the angles of kentrolite 
 agree very closely with those of descloizite (Z. Kryst., v., 552). 
 
 KERRITE. App., p. 31. 
 
 KIESERITE. Min., p. 641; App. II., p. 31. 
 
 KILLINITE. See Spodumene, p. 112. 
 
 KJERULFINE, App. II., p. 31. See Wagnerite, p. 130. 
 
 KLAPROTHOLITE. App. I, p. 8. 
 5 
 
66 APPENDIX m, 
 
 KLINOCROCITE. See Clinocrocite, p. 28. 
 
 KLINOPH^EITE. See Clinophmte, p. 28. 
 
 KOCHELITE. App. I., p. 8. 
 KSflachite. See Jaulingite, p. 64. 
 KOHLERITE. App. II., p. 31. 
 
 KOLLOPHAN. App. I., p. 9. 
 
 KONGSBERGITE, App. II., p. 32. See Amalgam, p. 4. 
 KOPPITE. App. II., p. 32. 
 
 KORARFVEITE. App. II., p. 32. 
 
 KOTTIGITE, Min., p. 561. Cryst., isomorphous with vivianite, Groth, Min -Samml. 
 Strassburg, p. 166, 1878. 
 
 KRAURITE. See Dufrenite, p. 39. 
 
 Krennerite. BUNSENIN, Krenner, Termesz. Fiizetek, 1877 (Wied. Ann., i., 637). KREN- 
 NERTTE, vomRath, Ber. Ak. Berlin, 1877, 292 (Z. Kryst., i., 014, 1877). Schrauf, ib , ii., 
 235, 1878. 
 
 Orthorhombic (monoclinic? Schrauf). Axes: c (vert.) : b : a '504 15 : 1 : '94071. 
 Observed planes : 0, i-l, i-l, 1, i-2, i-}, i-2, i-3, 1, 2-i, 3-*, 1-4, i-I, 1-2, 1, 1-2, *-. 
 1 A /= 93 30'; A \-i= 151 48'; 6 A M = 153 14' : A 1 = 143 39'. In verti- 
 cally striated prismatic crystals. Cleavage : basal perfect (v. Rath). Lustre metallic, brill- 
 iant. Color silver white to brass yellow. Opaque. Brittle. 
 
 Contains gold and tellurium, with a little silver and copper, but exact composition not yet 
 determined; Schrauf obtained from an approximate blowpipe analysis, Au + Ag(Pb?) 52, 
 or Au 31. B. B. decrepitates violently. Found at Nagyag, Transylvania, associated with 
 quartz and pyrite. Related to sylvanite in the angles of two zones, but different in others. 
 Also related in composition to calaverite. 
 
 This is the mineral, according to Krenner and Schrauf, which has formerly gone by the 
 names gelberz, weisstellur, mlillerine, etc., see Min., p 81. 
 
 As the name bunsenite has been accepted for the nickel protoxide from Johanngeorgen- 
 stadt, vom Rath has given this mineral the name krennerite from the original discoverer. 
 
 KronnMte. /. Domeylco, 5th Appendix Min. Chili, 1876; also 3d ed. Min. Chili, p. 
 250, 1879. 
 
 Triclinic (?). In irregular prismatic crystalline masses with coarsely fibrous structure. 
 Cleavage distinct parallel to an edge of the prism. G. = 2*o. Lustre vitreous. Color 
 azure blue, changing somewhat on exposure to the air. Composition : CuS0 4 4- Na 2 S0 4 + 
 2aq = copper sulphate 47 23, sodium sulphate 4209, water 10'68 = 100. Analysis by 
 Kronnke : CuS0 4 46 '28, N^S0 4 42 '95, H a O 10'77 = 100. Perfectly soluble in water. 
 Found in the copper mines near Calama, on the road from Cabija to Potosi, Bolivia. 
 
 Krugite. See Polyhalite, p. 96. 
 
 LABRADORITE, Min., p. 341; App. II., p. 32. Anal., Adirondacks, N. Y., Leeds, Arner. 
 Ch., March, 1877. Arvieu, Arveyron, Pisani, C. R., Ixxxvi., 1420, 1878. Element, Min. 
 Petr. Mitth., i , 366, 1878; Schuster, ib., p. 367. 
 
 See also feldspar Group, p. 45. 
 
 LANARKITE, Min., p. 628 ; App. II., p. 33. Cryst. description, wi 
 viously accepted angles, Schrauf, Z. Kryst., i., 31, 1877. 
 
 with correction of pre- 
 
APPENDIX III. 67 
 
 LANGITE. Min., p. 685; App. II., p. 33. 
 LAPIS LAZULI. Min., p. 334; App. II., p. 33. 
 
 LAUMONTITE, Min., p. 399; App. II., p. 33. Anal., New South Wales, Liversidge, Min. 
 Mag., i., 54, 1876. Monte Catini, Bechi, Accad. Line. Trans., III., iii., 114, 1879. 
 
 Analysis by A. Smita (Min. Mitth., 1877, 268), of LEONHARDITE from the Floitenthal 
 (see Brezina, ib., 1877, 98) gave: SiO, 52 92, AL0 3 22'44, CaO 12-23, H 2 12-38 = 9997, 
 for material dried over sulphuric acid, and SiO, 60-15, Al,0 3 25-91, CaO 14-19 = 100-25 
 for ignited material. The first corresponds with the previously accepted formula : Si 4 [Al 2 ] 
 CaH 6 Oi5, which, however, expresses the composition of the mineral only after it has lost 
 in dry air, or at 100, a part of its water. Smita confirms the conclusion that leonhardite 
 is to be referred to laumontite, differing from it only in having lost a part of the water 
 which goes off at 100. 
 
 LAURITE, Min., p. 74; App. II., p. 33. Artificially prepared, St. Claire Deville and 
 Debray, Bull. Soc. Min., ii., 185, 1879. 
 
 Lautite. Frenzel, Min. Petr. Mitth., iii., 515 ; iv., 97, 1881. 
 
 In small brilliant crystals, short prismatic, with /, i-l and ; orthorhombic. Generally 
 massive ; compact. Columnar to fine fibrous, radiated, also fine granular. H. = 3-3 5. 
 G. = 4-96. Lustre metallic. Color iron black. Streak black. Opaque. Not brittle. 
 
 Analyses, Frenzel : 
 
 S As Sb Ag Cu 
 
 1. 18-00 4206 .... 11-74 27-60 = 99-40. 
 
 2. 17-60 41-06 .... 11-62 28'29 = 98'57. 
 
 3. 18-57 42-60 0'58 3 03 33 54, Fe 0'44 = 98-76. 
 
 The iron in (3) is due to chalcopyrite ; another determination of the silver gave 7'78 p. c. 
 Formula deduced CuAsS [see below], with Ag replacing in part the Cu, this requires : 
 S 18-78, As 44-01, Cu 37 '21 = 100. B. B. decrepitates violently ; fuses easily, giving off 
 arsenical fumes. In the closed tube yields an arsenical mirror. Soluble in nitric acid; 
 gives with hydrochloric acid a silver chloride precipitate. Found at Lauta, near Marien- 
 berg, Saxony; accompanied by metallic arsenic, ruby silver, tetrahedrite, chalcopyrite, 
 galenite, and barite. [A homogeneous mineral ? May it not contain metallic arsenic ?] 
 
 LAVENDULAN, Min., p. 560. Anal., Chili, Goldsmith, Proc. Ac. Nat. So. Philad., p. 192, 
 
 1877. 
 
 LAVROFFITE. Min., p. 216; App. II., p. 33. 
 
 Lawrencite. Daubree, C. R., Ixxxiv., 66, Jan., 1877. 
 
 Iron protochloride, shown by Daubree to be present in the Greenland native iron. 
 Named after Dr. J. Lawrence Smith, of Louisville, Ky., who detected the same substance 
 in the meteoric iron of Tazewcll. Daubree also uses the name STAGMATITE (from 6rdyf.ia t 
 drop). 
 
 LAXMANNITE. App. I., p. 9. 
 
 LAZULITE, Min., p. 572; App. II., p. 33. Anal., discussion of formula, Zermatt, Gam- 
 per, Jahrb. G. Rsichs., 1878, 611. Canada, Hoffmann, Geol. Canada, Rep., 1879-80 (Am. 
 J. Sc., III., xxi., 410). 
 
 LEAD, Min., p. 17; App. II., p. 33. Russia, occurrence, v. Kokscharof, Min. Russl., vi., 
 236. Huancavelica, Peru, Raimondi, Min. Perou, p. 145, 1878. 
 
 LEADHILLITE, Min., p. 624 ; App. II., p. m.Laspeyres (Z. Kryst , i., 193, 1877) finally 
 concludes that his supposed species, MAXITE (App. II., p. 38), is really identical with lead- 
 
68 APPENDIX III. 
 
 hillite. The crystalline form is monoclinic, according to him, with /? = 89 48', and the 
 composition is expressed by the empirical formula H 10 Pb 1( .C y S 5 56 , which requires S0 3 
 8;17, CO, 8-08, PbO -81-91, H 2 1-84 = 100 (seealsoJ. pr. Ch., xi., 26, 1874; xii.,347, 1876; 
 xiii., 370, 1876). The extremely complex character of the formula makes it somewhat 
 improbable. 
 
 Bertrand (C. R., Ixxxyl, 348, 1878) describes leadhillite from Matlock, Derbyshire, with 
 2E = 72 yellow (Sardinia and Scotch crystals have 2E = 21"); the angle diminishes with 
 rise in temperature, and finally 2E = 66 at 250 ; above this point the crystals fly to 
 pieces. As bearing upon the question of the independent character of susannite, Bertrand 
 describes crystals from Leadhills, in which he finds gray colored spots with 2E = 21 , and 
 green colored spots which are uniaxial. The species leadhillite and susannite are prob- 
 ably identical. 
 
 Leidyite. Konig, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1878, 84. 
 
 In verrucif orm incrustations, consisting of fine scales with silky lustre ; also stalactitic ; 
 crystalline (?). H. = 1-2. Lustre resinous. Color grass-, blue-, or olive -green. Streak 
 white. Analysis : 
 
 Si0 2 A1 2 3 FeO MgO CaO H-,0 
 
 51-41 16-84 8-50 3-07 3-15 17'08 = 100-03. 
 
 The formula calculated by the author is R 2 [Al 2 ]Si 5 15 + 5aq, with R Fe, Ca, Mg, H 2 . 
 B. B. fuses with intumescence to a light yellow green glass. In the closed tube gives off 
 water and becomes brown. Soluble readily in HC1, with partial gelatinization ; after 
 ignition insoluble. Found with grossular garnet, zoisite, and quartz, at Leiperville, Dela- 
 ware Co., Penn. Named after Dr. Joseph Leidy, of Philadelphia. 
 
 LEONHAEDITE. See Laumontite, p. 67. 
 
 LEPIDOLITE. Min., p. 314; App. II., p. 33. See Mica Group, p. 77. 
 
 Lepidophseite. See Wad, p. 130. 
 
 LESLEYITE. App. I, p. 18. 
 
 LETTSOMITE, Min., p. 666. Anal., La Garonne, Dept. du Var, Pisani, C. R., Ixxxvi. 
 1418, 1878. Optical characters investigated, Bertrand, Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 11, 1881. 
 
 LEUCHTENBERGITE, Min. , p. 500; App. II., p. 34. Microscopic examination, v. Leuchten- 
 lerg, Bull. Ac. St. Pet., xxi., 509, 1876. 
 
 LEUCITE, Min., p. 334; App. II., p. 34. The question as to the true crystalline system 
 of leucite has been discussed, as follows : Hirschwald, Min.Mitth., 1875, 227 ; Tschermak, 
 Min. Mitth., 1876, 60 (anal, by Berwerth); vom Rath, J. Min., 1876, 281, 403; Hirschwald, 
 J. Min., 1876, 519, 733 ; Baumhauer, Z. Kryst., i., 257, 1877 ; Hirschwald, Min. Petr. 
 Mitth., i., 85, 1878 ; Bammhauer, Min. Petr. Mitth., i., 287, 1878 ; Groth, Z. Kryst., v., 
 264, 1880; Weisbach, J; Min., 1880, i.,-143; also Mallard, Ann. Min., VII., x., 79, 1876. 
 Hirschwald maintains that the species is, in fact, isometric, with polysynthetic structure. 
 This view is opposed by Bammhauer, vom Rath, and Groth, and the results of a series of 
 experiments on the etching of the crystalline faces seem to prove its tetragonal nature. 
 Mallard regards leucite as pseudo-isometric, referring it to the orthorhombic system, and 
 later, Weisbach, on the basis of a series of measurements by Treptow, has reached a simi- 
 lar conclusion. 
 
 Fouque and Levy have succeeded in obtaining artificial crystals of leucite (C. R., Ixxxvii., 
 961, 1878, and Bull. Soc. Min., iii., 118, 1880); and Hautefeuille (C. R., xc., 313, 378, 1880) 
 has formed an iron leucite, containing iron in place of the alumina. In both cases the 
 same twinning is observed, and the same optical characters as in natural crystals. 
 
 Analyses by Berwerth, Acquacetosa, near Rome (Min. Mitth., 1876, 66 ; Schulze, Albani 
 Mts., J. Min., 1880, ii., 114. Occurrence on the island of Bawean, Dutch East Indies, 
 Vogelsang-Zirkel, J. Min., 1875, 175. 
 
APPENDIX in. 69 
 
 Leucochalcite. Sandberger ; Petersen, J. Min., 1881, i., 263. 
 
 In very slender, needle-like crystals. Nearly white, with tinge of green. Lustre silky. 
 Analysis: As 2 6 [37-89], P 2 5 1-60, CuO 4710, CaO 1'56, MgO 2-28, ign. 9'57 = 100 ; cor- 
 respondino- to Cu 4 As 2 9 + 3H 2 0, or Cu 3 As 2 8 + CuHO a + 2aq, which requires: As 2 5 
 4.2 '75, CuO 47'21, H 2 10*04 = 100. Becomes first green on ignition, and finally fuses to 
 a black glass. Occurs as a delicate coating with malachite and calcite. Wilhemine mine 
 in the Spessart. [A more complete description is to be desired ; the mineral is apparently 
 an arsenical tagilite.] 
 
 Leucomanganite. Sandberger, J. Min., 1879, 370. Announced as a snow-white min- 
 eral, in broad foliated-radiated aggregates. B. B. becomes brownish black, and fuses 
 easily. Contains MnO, FeO, alkalies and water. From Rabenstein, near Zwiesel. [Needs 
 further examination. Is it related to fairfieldite ?] 
 
 LEUCOPHANITE, Min., p. 260; App. II., p. ^.Bertrand (Phil. Mag., V., in., 357, 1877) 
 concludes on optical grounds that leucophanite is to be considered either as monoclinic or 
 hemihedral orthorhombic. Groih (Z. Kryst., ii., 199, 1878) proves that the crystals are 
 really monoclinic, and deduces the axial relations, c (vert.) : b : d = 1-054: 1 : 1'061 ; ft = 90 
 approx. Groth describes twins and fourlings analogous to harmotome. 
 
 Rammelsberg (ZS. G. Ges., xxviii., 57, 1876) publishes some new analyses, and deduces 
 the formula : R 15 Si 14 43 + 6NaF with R = Be : Ca= 1:1; this requires : SiO a 49'35, BeO 
 11-16, CaO 24-68, Na,0 10-93, F 6 "69 = 102-81. 
 
 LEUCOPYRITE. Min., p. 77; App. II., p. 34. 
 Leucoxene. See Titanomorphite, p. 122. 
 
 Leucotile. Hare, Inaug. Diss. Breslau, 1879 (Z. Kryst., iv., 295X 
 
 In fibres irregularly grouped on serpentine. Cleavable, parallel and perpendicular to 
 the longitudinal direction; optically orthorhombic (?). Lustre silky. Color green. Analy- 
 sis : 
 
 Si0 2 A1 2 3 Fe 2 3 MgO CaO Na 2 K 2 O H 2 
 28-98 6-99 8'16 29'78 7'37 1-32 tr. 17'29 - 99'89. 
 
 This corresponds nearly to R,[R 2 ]Si 4 19 , 8H 2 0. Easily soluble in HC1 and H 2 S0 4 . B. 
 B. fuses and becomes slightly yellow, and yellowish brown. From Rcichenstein, Silesia. 
 
 Leviglianite. See Onofrite, p. 86. 
 
 LEVYNITE. Min., p. 431 ; App. II., p. 34. See also Cliabazite, p. 22. 
 
 LIBETHENITE, Min., p. 563. Cry st., pseudo-orthorhombic (monoclinic), according to 
 Schrauf, Z. Kryst., iv., 19, 1879. 
 
 Made artificially, Friedel and Sarasin, Bull. Soc. Min., ii., 157, 1879. 
 LIEVRITE. See Hvaite, p. 62. 
 LIMBACHITE. App. II., p. 34. 
 LIMBILITE. Min., p. 258; App. II., p. 34. 
 LIMONITE. Min.. p. 172; App. II., p. 34. 
 
 LINARITE, Min., p. 663; App. II., p. 31.-Cryst., Erzberg, v. Zepharovich, Lotos, Dec., 
 1874. 
 
 Argentine Republic, anal., Frenzel, J. Min., 1875, 675; cryst, v. Rath, Z. Kryst., iv., 
 426, 1880. 
 
 Anal., State of Jalisco, Mexico, Barcena, Naturaleza, iv., 55, 1877. 
 
70 APPENDIX ra. 
 
 LINN^EITE, Min., p. 68. Analyses, P. T. Cleve (Geol. For. Forh., i., 125., 1872), 1, Bast- 
 nas, 2, Gladhammar : 
 
 S Co Ni Cu Fe 
 
 1. Bastnas, G. = 4'755. 41-83 44-92 0'19 S\2 4'19 = 99-35. 
 
 2. Gladhainmar, G. = 4'825. 42-19 39'33 12'3J 2'28 4'29 = 100-42. 
 
 Both correspond closely to the formula 2RS + RS 2 , or RS, R 2 S 3 . 
 Lintonite. See Thomsonite, p. 121. 
 Lionite. See Tellurium, p. 119. 
 
 Liskeardite. Maskelyne, Nature, Aug. 15, 1878. 
 
 Massive ; in thin incrusting layers, with uniform fibrous structure. Color white, with a 
 slight blue or greenish-blue tint. Composition stated to be [RJ 3 As a Oi 4 , 16H 0, with [Ra] 
 = [A1J and some [FeJ, according to an analysis by Dr. Flight (not published) Lis- 
 keard, Cornwall. An arsenical evansite, Min., p. 585. [A more complete description is 
 to be desired.] 
 
 Lithiophilite. See Triphylite, p. 124. 
 LITHIOPHORITE, App. I., p. 9. See Psilomelane, p. 98. 
 
 Litidionite (Lithidionite). E. Scacchi, Rend. Accad. Napoli, Dec., 1880. 
 
 Blue lapilli, found at Vesuvius in 1873, 7 to 25 mm. in diameter, were found to consist of 
 a white earthy substance, with a glassy blue crust. Of the latter, H. = 5-6, G. = 2 '535. 
 The mean of two analyses gave, after being washed: Si0 2 71 "57, CuO 6'49, FeO 4*02, K 2 
 10-92, Na 2 6'78 99'78. Slightly attacked by HC1; fuses very easily (the white nucleus, 
 consisting of augite, olivine. etc., is infusible). The author, on the ground of the fusibility, 
 regards the substance as a mixture of quartz and the carbonates of potassium and sodium. 
 [The name, obviously, d^oes not belong to a definite species, why it was given does not appear.] 
 
 LIVINGSTONITE, App. II., p. 35. Analysis by F. P. VfnaWe (Chem. News, xl., 186, 1879), 
 after deducting impurities : (f)S 23' 73, Sb 58*75, Hg 22 '5 i = 100, for which the formula 
 HgS + 2Sb 2 S 3 is given (but Groth suggests Hg 2 S + 4Sb 2 S 3 , Z. Kryst,, vi., 97). Anal, 
 by Barcena : S 22-97, Sb 53'12, Hg 20'00; gangue and loss 3'91 = 100,' Naturaleza, iv., 268, 
 1879. From Guadalcazar, Mexico, anal, by Page, Ch. News, xlii., 195, 1880. 
 
 Made artificially, Baker, Ch. News, xlii., 196, 1880. 
 
 LOLLINGITE, Min., p. 76 ; App. II., pp., 35, 34. Anal, (satersbergite, FeAs 2 ), Brevig, 
 Norway, Nordenskiold, Geol. For. Forh., ii., 242, 1875. Monte Challanches, Dauphiny, in 
 crystals, Frenzel, J. Min., 1875, 677. In serpentine of Reichenstein, Silesia, Hare, Z. 
 Kryst., iv., 295. 
 
 Louisite. Honeymann, Proc. Nova Scotia Inst. Nat. Sc., v., 15, 1878. 
 
 A transparent, glassy, leek green mineral ; streak white ; fracture splintery. H. = 6'5. 
 G. = 2-41. Gelatinizes with HC1. An analysis by H. Louis gave : Si0 2 63'74, A1.0 : , 0-57, 
 FeO 1-25, MnO tr., CaO 17'27, MgO 0-38, K 2 3'38, Na 2 0'08, H 2 12'96 = 99-63. [Needs 
 further examination ; free silica is very probably present.] 
 
 LucMte. See Melanterite, p. 76. 
 
 Ludlamite. N. Story-Maskelyne and F. Field, Phil. Mag., V., iii., 52, 135, 525, 1877. 
 
 Monoclinic. Axes, c (vert.) : b : d 1 "9820: 1 : 2-2527. jtf = 79 27'. Observed planes ; 
 0, i-i, i-l, I, !,-!,- i, l_|, -2-i, 1-*, 2-*. A ir4 == 100 33', A M = 117 10' ; 
 / A /= 131 23'; A 1 118 35'. A 1 111 29'. and 1 striated parallel to inter- 
 section-edge. Cleavage : highly perfect ; i-i distinct. Optic-axial plane, the clinodiag- 
 onal. Acute bisectrix positive, inclined 67 5' to the vertical axis in the acute angle of the 
 
APPENDIX III. 71 
 
 axes cd. Axial angles : 2H a = 97 50', 2H = 119, and hence 2V = 82 22'. Dispersion 
 of the bisectrices almost zero, of the axes small p > v. 
 
 H. =3-4. G. =3-12. Lustre brilliant. Color bright green. Streak greenish white. 
 Transparent. Analysis (mean of several) : 
 
 P 2 5 FeO H 2 
 
 52-76 16-98 = 99'85. 
 
 This corresponds to Fe 7 P 4 17 , 9H 2 (or H 2 Fe 7 P 4 18 + 8aq) = P 2 5 29-89, FeO 53'06, 
 H 2 17-05 = 1UO. B. B. colors the flame pale green, and leaves a black residue. In the 
 closed tube decrepitates violently, becomes dark blue, and gives off water. Soluble in 
 dilute hydrochloric and sulphuric acids. 
 
 Occurs with siderite, vivianite, pyrite, at the Wheal Jane mine, near Truro, Cornwall.' 
 Nameo. after Mr. Ludlam, of London. 
 
 LUDWIGITB. App. II., p. 35. 
 
 LUNEBURGITE. App. I., p. 10. 
 
 LUNNITE. See Pseudomalachite, p. 97. 
 LUZONITE, App. II., p. 35. See Clarite, p. 27. 
 
 Macfavlanite. The occurrence at Silver Islet, Lake Superior, with the metallic silver, 
 of thin plates and grains of a reddish-brown sectile mineral, containing As, Ag, Co, Ni, and 
 supposed to be new, was described by T. Macfarlane in 1870 (Can. Nat., Feb. 1). To the 
 granular ore, or mixture of reddish-colored grains with other minerals, the name MACFAR- 
 LAXITE was given, later, by Major Sibley (quoted by Macfarlane, Trans. Amer. Inst. Min. 
 Eng., viii., 236, 1880; see also Courtis, Eng. Min. J., xxvii., March 29, 1879). In 1879 
 Wurtz described two supposed new minerals from Silver Islet, HUNTILITE (Eng. Min. J., 
 xxvii., 55, 1879) and AXIMIKITE (ib., p. 124). His descriptions are as follows : 
 
 HUNTILITE. In two varieties : (^1) Of a dark gray or more commonly bjack color; dull, 
 amorphous, porous, and fragmentary; (B) apparently crystalline; one cleavage direction; 
 bright slate color, and occurs imbedded in calcite. (A) is the more common. Semi-malle- 
 able. H. less than 2-5. G. = 7'47 (A), 6 '27 (B), after deduction of impurities. Analyses : 
 
 As Sb S Ag Hg Co Ni Fe Zn H 2 gangue. 
 A 21-10 3-33 0-78 59-00 1'04 3-92 1'96 3'06 2-42 0-19 3-23* = 100-03. 
 B 23-99 4-25 1-81 44-67 I'll 7'33 2-11 8'53 3'05 0'33 165* = 98'83. 
 * (.1) Silicate 0'88, calcite 2'35; (B) do. 0'55 and TIO. 
 
 The author proposes to subtract the Hg as amalgam, and S as pyrite, and then calculat- 
 
 ing the remaining metals as Ag (R = 2R), he obtains the ratio of II : As ( 4- Sb) = 2'90 :1 
 for A, and 2*99 : 1 for B. On the basis of this, the formula Ag s As is assumed as represent- 
 ing the composition. Named after Dr. T. Stcrry Hunt. [No value can be attached to the 
 formula deduced (see below), for most of the metals thus taKen together are present^ only as 
 impurities. Compare Arsenargentite, p. 9.] 
 
 ANIMIKITE. Occurs as an incrustation on huntilite, also in isolated slabs or plates. 
 Structure fine-granular, crypto-crystalline. G. = 9*45. Color white to grayish white. 
 Fracture semi-conchoidal or granular. Somewhat sectile. An analysis yielded : 
 
 Sb As S Ag Hg Co Ni Fe Zn gangue. 
 11-18 0-35 1-49 77-58 0-99 2'10 1'90 1'68 0'36 1'68 = 99-31. 
 
 From the Silver Islet mine, Lake Superior. Named from " animikie," thunder, whence 
 Thunder Bay. The formula AgSb is proposed. 
 
 The complex relations of the above minerals and mineral mixtures has been well investi- 
 gated by Macfarlane (1. c. ). The granular ore was found to be made up of reddish-brown 
 metallic grains, when polished looking like burnished nickel, with an undetermined black 
 mineral, niccolite, galena, calcite, and quartz. The ore, pulverized and freed from all 
 brittle materials by washing, yielded 75 to 84 p. c. silver; the grains finally obtained by 
 repeated trituration and sifting had a dark gray color, and gave 92 p. c. silver ; on solution 
 
72 APPENDIX III. 
 
 in dilute nitric acid these grains yielded : Ag 93*54, Ni 1'58, As 2 15, Sb 0'36, insol. 2'37 = 
 100. The insoluble portion (2'37*p. c.) assayed 17'46 p. c. silver. 
 
 A quantity of the original metallic grains were acted upon by three successive portions 
 of very dilute nitric acid. The results were : 
 
 Ag Hg M As Sb 
 
 1. 37-64 0-65 4-66 6-40 017 = 49-52. 
 
 2. 33-69 0-10 1-22 .... 006 = 35-07. 
 
 3. 5-40 tr tr. = 5 -40. 
 
 
 
 There remained 6 -20 p. c. insol. (quartz, etc.), and 3 -77 p. c. of a black mineral washed 
 from the quartz, containing 24'8 p. c. Ag, also Sb, S, Pb, Co, Ni. The author closes by stat- 
 ing very justly, that further investigation is needed to determine the character of the 
 various minerals present. 
 
 Konig (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1877, 276) has analyzed a similar mineral mixture 
 from Silver Islet: As 10-56, Sbtr., S 1'81, PbS 38 '18, Ag 32'68, Ni, Co 896, Fe 0'35, 
 quartz 6 '00, CaC0 3 1 '20 = 99'74. He regards the nickel and arsenic as combined and 
 forming niccolite, which exists mixed with galenite, argentite, and probably a basic silver 
 arsenide. 
 
 [It would appear from the above, that the true nature of the individual minerals present 
 in the Silver Islet ores is still to be determined, but that there is probably present a silver 
 arsenide (hvntilite), and perhaps also a silver antiinonide (animikite) allied to dyscrasite.] 
 
 MACONITE. App. II., p. 36. 
 
 MAGNESITE, Min., p. 685; App. II., p. 36. Massive var. from Elmen, Eastern Alps (anal, 
 by Lehinayer), Gumbd, Verh. G. Reichs., 1880, 276. 
 
 MAGNETITE, Min., p. 149; App. II., p. 36. Cryst., Vesuvius, Scacclii, Contrib. Min., ii., 
 3. Albani Mts., Latium, Sella, Z. Kryst., i., 230, 1877. Binnenthal, with implanted 
 rutile crystals in parallel position, Seligmann, Z. Kryst., i., 340; do. with hematite, same 
 locality, Bucking, ib., i., 575. Jerofeief (Verh. Min. Ges. St. Pet., II., xvii., 24), Min. Russl., 
 viii., 226, 1881. 
 
 Coercive force, Holz r Wied. Ann., v., 169, 1878. 
 
 Anal., Kaiserstuhl (4-08 p. c. Ti0 2 ), Knop, Z. Kryst., i., 64, 1877. Magnet Cove (325 
 p. c. TiO 2 ), Konig, Pr. Am. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1877, 293. Kristianstad, Sweden (by 
 Nordstrom, 6 '01 p. c. Ti0 2 ), Karlsson, Geol. For. Forh., i., 14, 1872. 
 
 With melanite on trap, East Rock, New Haven, .E. S. Dana, Am. J. Sc., III., xiv., 
 217, 1877. 
 
 MAGNOCHROMITE. App. II., p. 36. 
 
 Magnolite. F. A. Genth, Amer. Phil. Soc. Phil., xvii., 118, 1877. 
 
 In radiating tufts of very minute acicular or capillary crystals. Color white. Lustre 
 silky. Contains mercury and tellurium, and composition inferred to be Hg a Te0 4 . Black- 
 ened by ammonia. A decomposition product of coloradoite, found in the upper part of the 
 Keystone mine, Magnolia District, Colorado. [Needs further examination.] 
 
 MALACHITE. Min., p. 715; App. II., p. 37. 
 MALDONITE. App. I., p. 10. 
 Malinofskite. See Tetraliedrite, p. 120. 
 
 Mallardite. Carnot, Bull. Soc. Min., ii., 117, 1879. 
 
 In crystalline masses with fine fibrous structure; probably monoclinic (Mallard, ib., p. 
 119). Colorless. Analyses, 1, Rioult; 2, Carnot: 
 
 S0 3 MnO FeO MgO CaO H 2 Insol. 
 
 1. 28-0 20-9 0-3 1-2 0-8 86-8 14-0 = 100-2. 
 
 2. 290 23-6 ' 0-6 0-7 44"5 1'6 = 99-8. 
 
APPENDIX III. 73 
 
 This corresponds closely to the formula : MnS0 4 + 7aq, which brings it into the same 
 group with melanterite, Min., p. 646. Easily soluble in water. Changes rapidly on expos- 
 ure ; effloresces, becomes opaque, and finally pulverulent. Is decomposed by strong heat- 
 ing, losing the sulphuric acid and water, and leaving a reddish-brown residue. Carnot 
 obtained from a solution of manganese sulphate at 15 C. the salt, MnSO 4 + 5aq in tri- 
 clinic crystals; but at a temperature of 6 a C. he obtained monoclinic crystals with the com- 
 position, MnS0 4 + 7aq. 
 
 Occurs in a gray clay-like gang stone, with quartz sand and barite. From the silver mine 
 " Lucky Boy," south of Salt Lake, near Buttorfield Canon, Utah. 
 
 MAXCINITE. According to Uzielli (Trans. Accad. Line., III., i., 108, 1877), the mineral 
 called maiicinite is not, as supposed, from the hill Manciuo, near Leghorn, nor is it a zinc 
 trisilicate, Jacquot (Ann. Min. III., xix., 703, 1841). 
 
 MANGANITE, Min., p. 170. Oryst., monograph (Ilefeld), showing 4 types of forms with 
 new planes, twins, etc., the crystals holohedrally developed, (troth, Min.-Samml. Strass- 
 burg, p. 79, 1878. Sadebeck, ZS. G. Ges., xxxi., 206, 1879. 
 
 Anal., Langban, Sweden, Blomstrand, Geol. For. Forh., ii., 183, 1874. 
 
 MAXGAXOPHYLLITE, App. II., p. 37. Found at Jacobsberg and Langban, Wermland, 
 Sweden, Sjdgren, Geol. For. Forh., i., 64, 1872. 
 
 Manganosiderite. See Rhodochrosite, p. 103. 
 
 Manganosite. Blomstrand, Geol. Fo'r. Forh., ii., 179, 1874; iii., 123, 1873. Sjdgren, 
 ii, 581; iii., 181, 1876; iv., 158, 1878. 
 
 Isometric. In minute crystals, showing the octahedron and dodecahedron, rarely the 
 cube. Cleavage cubic. Isotropic. H. = 5-6. G. = 5 '18. Lustre vitreous. Color eme- 
 rald green on the fresh fracture, becoming black on exposure to the air. Analysis, Blom- 
 strand, ib., ii., 182 : 
 
 MnO FeO MgO CaO 
 
 (1) 9804 0-42 1-71 016 = 100-33. 
 
 Formula : MnO, and hence isomorphous with periclasite. Dissolves with difficulty in 
 strong nitric acid, forming a colorless solution. Occurs with pyrochroite and manganite, 
 in a manganiferous dolomite (anal.: CaC0 3 56*47, MnCO 3 3010, MgCO 3 13 56, FeC0 3 018 
 100 '31, Blomstrand) at Langban, Wermland ; also in calcite, brucite, or dolomite, with 
 hausmannite, pyrochroite, garnet, etc., at the Mossgrufva, Nordmark, Sweden. 
 
 Mangantantalite. See Tantalite, p. 118. 
 
 MARCASITE, Min., p. 75 ; App. II., p. 37. Cryst., twins described, etc., Oroth, Min.- 
 Samml. Strassburg, p. 38, 1878. Cryst. association with hematite, Sadebeck, Pogg. Ann., 
 Erg.-Bd., viii., 625. 
 
 MARCYLTTE, Min., p. ISl.Raimondi describes a mineral from the Cerro Verde, between 
 Islay and Arequipa, Peru, which he concludes to be a mixture of a hydrated oxysulphide 
 of copper, marcylite, with cuprite and atacamite. From the hacienda d'Ocucaje, province 
 of lea, he mentions another consisting of marcylite, atacamite, melaconite, and limonite, 
 Min. Perou, pp. 98, 101, 1878. [It has never been shown that the original marcylite was 
 really a distinct species, and the Peruvian mineral seems to be no less uncertain.] 
 
 MARGARITE, Min., p. 506 ; App. II., p. 37. See also App. III., Mica Grodp, p. 77, and 
 Clintonite Group, p. 28. 
 
 MARIPOSITE. App. II., p. 37. 
 
74 APPENDIX III. 
 
 Marmairolite. N. 0. Hoist, Geol. For. Forh , ii., 530, 1875. 
 
 In very fine crystalline needles, monoclinic(?). II. = 5. G. = 3 '07. Color pale yellow. 
 Powder white. Transparent. Analysis (mean of several) : 
 
 Si0 2 FeO MnO MgO CaO KoO NaoO ign 
 
 56-27 2-03 4-86 21 ; 36 6 '33 1'89 5 "94 0'90 = 99-58. 
 
 Formula approximately RSiO-r (Q. ratio for R : Si = 13-75 : 80-02). B. B. fuses with 
 some difficulty to an opaque bead. Not attacked by acids. Occurs with scheft'erite in a 
 brownish manganesian limestone (containing 6'56 MnO, and 1'35 PbO), at Langban, in 
 Wermland, Sweden. Named from fiapuaipoD, to glisten. [Very near enstatite, except 
 that it contains alkalies.] 
 
 MASCAGNITE, Min., p. 635. In guano from the Guanape lies, Raimondi, Min. Perou, 
 p. 32, 1878. 
 
 MASKELYNITE. App. II., p. 37. 
 
 MASSICOT, Min., p. 136. Occurrence, Ccrro de Caracoles, Bolivia. Domeyko, 6th App. 
 Min. Chili, p. 15, 1878. 
 
 MATLOCKITE, Min., p. 119. Anal., Montagne de Challacollo, Tarapaca, Peru, Rai- 
 mondi, Min. Perou, p. 170, 1878. 
 
 Matricite. JV. 0. Hoist, Geol. For. Forh., ii., 528, 1875. 
 
 In crystalline masses with concentric, fine fibrous structure. H. = 3-4. G. = 2 "53. 
 Lustre pearly. Color gray, often with a greenish tinge. Streak white ; subtranslucent to 
 opaque. Fracture splintery to uneven. Feel greasy. Analysis (after the deduction of 
 28 -36 p. c. CaC0 3 mechanically mixed): 
 
 Si0 2 MgO CaO A1 2 3 FeO MnO Na-0 H 2 
 
 33-99 37-96 5-64 1-33 1-82 0-47 0-98 17-81 = 100. 
 
 Formula Mg 2 Si0 4 + H 2 0. B. B. infusible. Yields water in the closed tube. Decom- 
 posed by acids with separation of silica, but does not gelatinize. Occurs intimately mixed 
 with calcite and associated with spodiosite, at the Krangrufva in Wermland, Sweden. 
 [Compare villarsite, Min., p. 409.] 
 
 MAXITE. App. II., p. 38; see also Leadhillite, App. III., p. 67. 
 MEERSCHALUMINITE. App. II., p. 38 (44). 
 
 MEIONITE, Min., p. 318; App. II., p. 38. Anal., by Neminar (Min. Mitth., 1875, 51; 
 1877, 61), gave: SiO 2 43-36, Al,0 8 32'09, CaO 21-45, MgO 0*31, Na 2 1'35, K 2 0-76, H 2 
 0-27, Cl 0-14, C0 2 0.72 - 100 '45. See also Scapolite, p. 106. 
 
 MELACONITE, Min., p. 186; App. II., p. 38. Vesuvius, Scacclii, Att. Accad. Napoli, vi., 
 1873 (Contrib. Min., ii., 12). 
 
 Melanophlogite. A.v.Lasaulx, J. Min., 1876, 250, 627; 1879, 513. 
 
 SULFURICIN, Guyard, Bull. Soc. Chim., II., xxii., 61, 1874. Brezina, Min. Mitth., 1876, 
 243. 
 
 Occurs in minute cubes, sometimes showing twinning striations. Cleavage cubic, nearly 
 perfect (?) H. = 6-5-7. G. = 2-04. Color light brown or colorless. Lustre vitreous. 
 Transparent. According to Bertrand the apparent cubic crystals are made up of six pyra- 
 mids having a common vertex and with their bases coinciding with the cubic planes (Bull. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 75 
 
 Soc. Min , iii., 160, 1880). Analyses: 1, v. Lasaulx (1. c.); 2, sulfuricin (see below), Guyard 
 (I.e.): 
 
 H- 2 A1 2 O 3 
 
 SrO MgO CaO 
 
 
 
 1. Melanophlogite. 86-29 7'2 2'86 (T? 3-8 = 99 -85, Lasaulx. 
 
 2. Suluricin. 80*38 6*80 6'10 0'43 8'57* .... 0- 
 
 37 1-25, S 4-10 = (108). 
 * Brezina suggests that it probably should be 0'57. 
 
 Melanophlogite turns finally black when heated B. B. (hence name from neX.a?, black, 
 and (pA.eyd2ai, to be burned}. Occurs forming a drusy coating on sulphur, calcite, and 
 celestite, from Girgenti, Sicily. 
 
 SULFURICIN, from Greece, is described as a white porous silica, having a sour taste and im- 
 pregnated with sulphur; the analysis is given above. Melanophlogite does not give an acid 
 reaction. [The possible relation of the two substances mentioned is remarked by Brezina 
 (1. c.). In any case melanophlogite can hardly be regarded as an original mineral, but more 
 probably as an impure form of silica owing its origin to some method of pseudomorphism, 
 v. Lasaulx thinks it cannot be pseudomorphous after duorite. The observations of Bertrand 
 would not separate it from the so-called pseuds-isometric species.] 
 
 Melanosiderite. J. P. Cooke, Amer. Acad. Sci., x., 451, 1875. 
 
 Amorphous; compact. H. = 4'5. G. =3*391. Lustre vitreous, inclining to resinous. 
 Color black, with a tinge of red. Streak brownish to brick red. Subtranslucent. In the 
 closed tube decrepitates and gives off water. Gelatinizes with hydrochloric acid. B. B. 
 fuses at 4 to a magnetic mass. Analysis, by \V. II. Melville afforded: Si0 2 () 7*42, Fe^Oa 
 75-13, A1,O 3 4-34, HoO (at 100) 6'17, H,O (above 100) 7'68 = 100-74. Cooke writes the 
 formula [Fe 3 ] 4 SiO M , 611,0, which requires: Fc,O s 79-21, Si0 2 7'4>, H 3 13 37 - 100. If the 
 silica is an impurity the composition is exact ly that of limonite, as the author remarks; 
 this seems more probable than that it is a true silicate. Locality, Mineral Hill, Delaware 
 Co., Penn. Named from //eAnrS and tfidtjpo?, in allusion to the black color. 
 
 Genth (Sacond Hep. Min. Pennsylvania, p. 216. Is76), suggests that melanosiderite is 
 only a variety of an iron hvdrate, probably a limonite ; Cooke, however, regards it as a 
 basic silicate on the ground of its vitreous lustre, fusibility, definite composition, and the 
 fact that it gelatinizes with acids. 
 
 Melanotekite. G. Lmdstrom, CEfv. Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxxv., 6, p. 53, 1889. 
 
 Massive. Cleavage in two directions, in one of these most distinct. II. = 6 '5. G. = 
 5'73. Lustre metallic to resinous. Color black to blackish gray. Streak greenish gray. 
 Opaque to translucent under the microscope. Dichroic, bottle green and red brown. Anal- 
 yses : 1, after deducting 2'56 p. c. impurities; 2, after deducting 3 '30 p. c. : 
 
 SiO 3 Fe 2 O 3 PbO CuO FeO MnO CaO M?O K O Na 2 O 
 
 1. 17-32 33-18 55-26 0'20 0'75 0'69 0'02 OT,9 0'24 ()-54 BaO O'll (?) Cl 14, P 2 O a 0'07, ign. 0'93 ; 
 2.17-22 22-81 58'42 0'57 ... 0'33 0'18 0'33. 
 
 100-01. 
 
 The atomic ratio for R : [R 2 ] : Si = 2 : 1 : 2, and the empirical formula is Pb 2 [Fe ; ,~| Si 2 ;1 . 
 B. B. fuses with intumescence to a black bead ; with sola on charcoal gives a globule of lead 
 and a lead coating. With borax reacts for iron, but on strong heating in It. F. becomes 
 on cooling black and opaque (reduced lead), with salt of phosphorus gives a skeleton of 
 silica. Decomposed by nitric acid. 
 
 Occurs with native lead, intimately mixed with magnetite and yellow garnet at Langban 
 in Werinland, Sweden. This locality has furnished two other lead silicates, hyalotekite 
 and .ganomalite (q. v.). Named in allusion to the related hyalotekite, from //f'/laS, black, 
 and Tt'fKEiv, to melt. Lindstrom calls attention to the fact that of the two possible formulas 
 for kentrolite proposed by Damour and vom Rath (see p. 60), the second corresponds 
 exactly to the above composition of melanotekite, viz. : Pb.. [Mn 3 ]8iaO*, which establishes 
 an interesting relation between the two minerals. 
 
 Melanothallite. A. Scncchi, copper chloride from the eruption of Vesuvius in 1870. 
 Att. Accad. Napoli. (Bull. Soc. Min., i., 138). 
 
76 APPENDIX in. 
 
 MELANTERITE, Min., p. 646. Crvst., and anal., Idria, v. ZepTiarovich, Ber. Ak. Wien, 
 Ixxix., 183, 1879. 
 
 A 
 
 Soc. 
 
 ysis: 
 
 this the formula is calculated (Fe,Mn) S0 4 4- 7aq, with Fe : Mn ii : 1. From the silver 
 
 mine "Lucky Boy," south of Salt Lake, near Butterfield Canon, Utah. 
 
 MELINOPHANE (MELIPHANITE\ Min., p. 263 ; App. IT., p. 38. In tetragonal crystals 
 with /and 1; c (vert.) = 06584, 1 A 1 (terminal) -.= 122 23', Brevig, Bertrand, C. R., 
 Ixxxiii., 711, 1876. 
 
 The composition is discussed by Rammelsberg (ZS. G. Ges., xxviii., 61, 1876), who makes 
 the formula 7R 3 Si 2 7 + 6NaF, with R = Be : Ca = 1 : 1, and Na : K = 9 : 1 ; this requires- 
 SiOa 42-95, BeO 13'60, CaO 30'07, Na,0 8 56, K 2 O 1-44, F 5-83 = 102-45. It is undoubtedly 
 distinct from leucophanite (q. v.). 
 
 MELLITE, Min., p. 750. Artificially produced, Friedel and Balsohn, Bull. Soc Min . 
 IT., 26, 1881. 
 
 MENACCANITE, Min, p. 143, App. II., p. 38. Cryst., tetartohedral, v. Kokscharof, Min. 
 Russl., vi., 350, 1874. Binnenthal, tetartohedral, Bucking, Z. Kryst., i., 576, 1877; ii., 
 416, 1878. Sadebeck, Pogg. Ann., clvi., 557, 1875; J. Min., 1878, 287. Groth, Min.- 
 8am ml. Strassburg, p. 76, 1878. 
 
 Comp. discussed, Friedel and Guerin, Ann. Ch. Phys., V., viii., 8, 1876. 
 
 From diamond fields, So. Africa, anal, containing 12 p. c. MgO (compare anal. 24, Min., 
 p. 144), Cohen, J. Min , 1877, 695. Egersund, Norway, Tamm, Geol. For. F6rh.,ii., 46, 
 1874. 
 
 A partially altered variety of menaccanite has been called HYDEOILMENITE by C. W. 
 Blomstrand (Minnesskrift Fys. Sallsk., Lund, 1878, p. 4). It forms thin (1-6 mm.) 
 curved plates with tolerably distinct rhombohedral cleavage (R /\ R = 86-87), and 
 basal less so. G. = 4 -063-4 136. Color iron black. Streak dark gray. Lustre metallic. 
 Not magnetic. Analyses : 
 
 TiO> Si0 2 Fe,0 3 FeO MnO CaO MgO KUO 
 
 1. (|) 60-80* undet. 18'83f 15.75f 3'28 0'42 .... 175. 
 
 2. () 54-23 1-40 14-99 21'91 6*34 0'45 0-19 1'33 = 100-84. 
 
 * With SiO 2 ? t The correctness of this separation is questioned. 
 
 The mineral decomposes readily, and finally becomes coated with a yellowish white crust 
 consisting essentially of Ti0 2 . Probably altered from normal menaccanite by the assump- 
 tion of water. ' From Smaland, Sweden. 
 
 MENDOZITE, Min., p. 653. Anal., Punta de Belen, Argentine Repub. (Schickendantz), 
 Brackebuscli, Min. Argentin., 75, 1879. 
 
 MENEGHINITE, Min., p. 105; App. II., p. 38. Anal, (by Martini and Funaro), Bottino, 
 Italy, D'Achiardi, Att. Soc. Tosc., ii., 116, 1876. 
 
 Meroxene. See Mica Group, p. 77. 
 
 MESOLITE, Min., p. 430; App. II., p. 38. Ltidecke (J. Min., 1881, ii., 1), makes the 
 crystals from Iceland monoclinic. An analysis by Schmid (Pogg. Ann., cxlii., 118), gave : 
 SiO 2 46-58, A1 2 3 27*57, CaO 9-11, MgO 0'08, Na^O 3-64, H.O 1294, which corresponds very 
 
 closely to the formula accepted by Rammelsberg, j ^Ca^Al J^oTo + 3aq 1 Lticlecke also 
 refers here the monoclinic mesolite of Credner from the Pflasterkaute, which gave him : Si0 2 
 43-83, A1 2 3 29-04, CaO 7-84, Na.O 7 80, H 2 11-75. See also Scolecite, p. 107. 
 
 METACIXNABARITE, App. I., p. 10. See Onofrite, p. 86. 
 
APPENDIX in. 77 
 
 METAXOITE (Chonicrite) Min., p. 494. Fn& (J. Min., 1876, 204, Kenngott, ib., p. 517). 
 MEYMACITE. App. II., p. 38. 
 
 MIARGYRITE, Min., p. 88. Oryst., Braunsdorf, Weisbach, Z. Kryst., ii., 55, 1877; 
 Groth, Min.-Samml. Strassburg, p. 59, 1878. 
 
 Analyses by L. Sipocz (Min. Mitth., 1877, 213), 1, miargyrite from Felsobanya; 2, 
 kenngottite from Felsobanya; 3, by Jenkins (J. Min., 1880, ii., 109), hypargyrite from 
 Andreasberg. 
 
 S Sb Ag Pb Cu Fe 
 
 1. O. = 5-298 (|) 21-80 40-68 32-77 4-01 0'51 0'19 = 99'96. 
 
 2. Kenngottite, G. = 5-337 20'66 39*46 35-28 1'76 0'50 0'25 = 97-91. 
 
 3. Hypargyrite, (f) 21-35 41 '07 37'40 As 0'79 = 100-61. 
 
 These correspond to the accepted formula AgSbS 2 = Ag.S, Sb.,S 3 , and prove that kenn- 
 gottite and hypargyrite are, as supposed, identical with miargyrite, the former containing 
 a little lead. Weisbach had previously shown that hypargyrite agreed in form and physi- 
 cal characters with miargyrite (Z. Kryst., ii., 63, 1877). An analysis by Andreasch of 
 miargyrite from Przibram gave S 21'68, Sb 41 '15, Ag 36'71, Fe tr. = 99'54, both lead and 
 copper being absent (Min. Petr. Mitth., iv., 185, 1881). 
 
 See also Alaskaite, p. 3. 
 
 MICA GROUP, Min., p. 301, et seq. ; App. II., p. 39. The optical investigations of Tscher- 
 mak (Ber. Ak. Wien, Ixxvi., 97, 1877; "or Z. Kryst., ii., 14), have shown that all the micas 
 are to be referred to the monoclinic system, the axis of elasticity being inclined a few 
 degrees to the normal to the plane of cleavage. The exhaustive morphological study of 
 von Kokscharof (Mem. Acad. St. Pet., VII., xxiv. ; see also Min. Russl., vii., 167, 177, 
 222, 225 ; viii,'l) finally led him to a conclusion not at variance with this, although he 
 shows that the angles alone do not require the assumption of any obliquity. The results 
 of .Bauer (Ber. Ak. Berlin, 1877, 684; or Min. Petr. Mitth., i., 14, 1878) confirm those of 
 Tschermak; he has also determined the indices of refraction of muscovite, by a method 
 based upon relations (established by Neumann) between the optical axes of elasticity and 
 the distances, measured in the axial plane, between the darR rings of the interference 
 figures. 
 
 Measurements of elasticity, Coromilas, Inaug. Diss. Tubingen, 1877 (Z. Kryst., i., 411). 
 On the figures produced by etching, Baumhauer, Z. Kryst., iii., 113, 1878. WOk, (Efv. 
 Finsk. Vet. Soc., xxii., 1880. 
 
 Association of muscovite and biotite (meroxene) in parallel position, from Middletown, 
 Conn., Hawes (anal, of the biotite f : Si0 3 35-61, Al,0 3 20-03, Fe 2 O 3 0-13, FeO 21-85,. MnO 
 1-19, MgO 5 23, K 2 9-69, Na 2 0'52, Li 2 0-93, TiO, 1-46, F 076, Cltr., HoO 1-87 = 99 27, 
 cf. haughtonite below), Am. J. Sc.,.III., xi., 431, 1876; v. Lasaulx, J. Min., 1878, 630. 
 
 Tschermak (1. c. and Ber. Ak. Wien, Ixxviii., 5, 1878, or Z. Kryst., iii., 122) divides the 
 species of the mica group as follows : 
 
 i. n. 
 
 Biotites : Anomite ; Meroxene, Lepidomelane. 
 
 PMogopites: Phlogopite, Zmnwaldite. 
 
 ( Lepidolite. 
 Muscovites: -j Muscovite. 
 
 ( Paragonite. 
 Margarites : Margarite. 
 
 In the first group (i) are included all the micas in which the optic-axial plane is perpen- 
 dicular to the plane of symmetry; the second group (n) includes those in which it is paral- 
 lel to the plane of symmetry. For the crystallographic relations of the different species 
 reference must be made to the original paper. The chemical relations reached by Tscher- 
 mak are based for the most part on a series of new analyses, very carefully made, to avoid 
 errors fallen into by earlier analysts ; these are quoted beyond. 
 
 Tschermak, on optical grounds (see above), divides biotite into ANOMITE (from drouoS, 
 contrary to law] and MEROXENE (Breithaupt's name for the Vesuvian biotite, see Min., p. 
 307). Anomite is represented by the mica occurring with diopside in granular calcite, at 
 
78 
 
 APPENDIX III. 
 
 Lake Baikal, and that from Greenwood Furnace, N". Y. Its composition, according to 
 Tschermak's view, is expressed by isomorphous mixtures of H 2 K 4 Al(iSi B 24 (see muscovite, 
 below), and Mgi ? SiOi S (a hypothetical polymere of chrysolite), in the relation of 1 : 1, or 
 2:1, or intermediate ratios. Meroxene is represented by the Vesuvian magnesian mica ; com- 
 position H 3 K 3 Al6Si 6 2 4, andMgi 2 SiiOi2 in the ratio of 1: 1, of 2 : 1, or intermediate ratios. 
 Lepidomelane has the composition H 4 KaAl 6 Si fl Os4, and Mg 12 Si B Oi 2 , with, however, varying 
 amounts of the iron compound H 4 K 2 Fe 6 Si G 024. [In this group would belong the haughton- 
 ite of Heddle, and siderophyllite of Lewis (see below), varieties characterized by the re- 
 placement to large extent, of Mg by Fe.] 
 
 PJdogopite has the composition: K 6 Al fi Si 2 .i, H t Si J0 24 , and MgjoSi c 24 , often in the 
 relation 8:1:4; generally also with F 24 Siio0 8 in the place of the second compound. Zinn- 
 waldite has the composition : K fi Al c Si 6 2 4 (or Li 6 Al G Si 24 ), Fe 1 Sie024, and F 24 O t ,Si 10 (or 
 the corresponding hydrogen compound), in the relation of 10 : 2 : 3. 
 
 The muscovites include lepidolite, muscovite, and paragonite. Lepidolite has the compo- 
 sition: SKflAlaSieOsi + SiioObFs4, with the first replaced one-half or more by the corre- 
 sponding lithium compound, and the second by the corresponding hydrogen compound (see 
 also Min. Petr. Mitth., ii., 94, 1879). Muscovite (including margarodite) : K (! Al ; Si G Oo 4 , 
 with the potassium compound replaced in part by the corresponding hydrogen compound, 
 HeAleSioO^; the commonest formula is II 4 KoAl,iSir,0 2 4. In certain muscovites, for which 
 the name PHENGITE is proposed, the composition is explained as a combination of H 4 K 2 A1 6 
 Si 6 24 , and H 8 Sii O 24 , in the ratio of -3: 1 ; these varieties approach to lepidolite. Paragonite 
 (incl. cossaite), composition : H 4 Na 2 Al fi Si f ,0 24 . 
 
 Margarite, composition: H 4 CaoAl t Si 4 24 ; related to the clintonite group, see p. 28. 
 
 [For the many important details of the crystallographic relations, and, too, the discus- 
 sion upon which the above conclusions as to the composition are based, reference must be 
 made to the original articles.] 
 
 Analyses employed in the above discussion : 1, by John, Lake Baikal ; 2, by P. v. Hamm, 
 Greenwood Furnace, G. = 2-8-16; 3, by A. Zellner, Tschebarkul, Siberia, G. = 3-004; 4, by 
 J; Rumpf, Morawitza; 5, by Berwerth, Vesuvius, G. = 2-8(5; 6, E. Ludwig, with pargasite 
 in granular limestone, G. = 2*867; 7, by E. Neminar, Penneville, G. = 2-779; 8, by A. 
 Poppovits, Ratnapura, Ceylon, G. = 2 -742; 9, by Berwerth, Edwards, N". Y. ; 10, by 'Ber- 
 werth, Zinnwald; 11, by Berwerth, Paris, Me., G. = 2-855; 12, by Berwerth, Rozcna, 
 G. = 2-839; 13, by S. Blau, Bengal, G. = 2-831 ; 14, by L. Sipocz, East Indies, G. = 2'830; 
 15, by L. Sip6'2z, Rothenkopf in the Zillerthal, G. = 2'8U2; 16, by Lobisch, Soboth in Stei- 
 ermark. 
 
 1. 
 
 2. 
 ft 
 
 4. 
 5. 
 fi. 
 7. 
 8. 
 9. 
 10. 
 11. 
 12. 
 
 18. 
 
 14. 
 16. 
 
 10. 
 
 Anomite, 
 Meroxene, 
 
 Phlogopite, 
 
 Zinnwaldite, 
 Lepidolite, 
 
 Muscovite, 
 Phenc/Ue, 
 
 SiO a 
 
 4000 
 40-81 
 38-49 
 40-16 
 3930 
 43-43 
 44-29 
 42-26 
 40-64 
 45-87 
 50-39 
 50-98 
 45-57 
 45-71 
 45-87 
 48-76 
 
 A1 2 3 
 17-2S 
 16-47 
 14-43 
 15-79 
 10-95 
 13-76 
 12-12 
 15-04 
 14-11 
 22-50 
 28-19 
 27-80 
 36-72 
 36-57 
 31-86 
 29-91 
 
 Fe 2 
 072 
 2-16 
 5-54 
 2-53 
 0-48 
 0-16 
 1-40 
 0-23 
 2-28 
 0-66 
 
 3 FeO 
 4-88 
 5-92 
 14-75 
 4-12 
 7-86' 
 1-35 
 1-44 
 1-52 
 0-69 
 11-61 
 
 MnO M<?O 
 .... 23-91 
 .... 21-08 
 tr. 1634 
 tr. 26-15 
 0-59 21-^9 
 .... 27-20 
 .... 27^6 
 .... 27-23 
 27-97 
 1-75 
 
 C;iO 
 
 tr. 
 0-82 
 
 2 ; 54 BaO 
 
 K 2 O 
 
 8-57 
 9-01 
 8-12 
 7-64 
 7-79 
 8-06 
 7-06 
 8-68 
 8'16 
 10-46 
 12-34 
 10-78 
 8-81 
 9-22 
 907 
 6-83 
 
 Na 2 O Li,0 
 
 1-47 
 
 1-55 .... 
 0-53 . . , 
 0-37 .... 
 0-49 .... 
 1-30 .. 
 2-16 .... 
 
 H 2 F 
 1-37 1-57 
 2-19 tr. 
 
 0-39 tr. 
 3-58 .... 
 4-02 0-89 
 0-92 4-21 
 2-09 1-94 
 2-91 2-19 
 3-21 0-82 
 0-91 7-94, 
 2-36 5-15 
 0-96 7-88, 
 5-05 0-15 
 4-83 0-12 
 4-00 .... 
 4-60 .... 
 
 1-10 
 0-42 
 
 0-02 
 0-~9 
 054 
 
 ~'-31 
 
 3-28 
 5-08 
 5-88 
 0-19 
 
 0-95 
 1-19 
 5-70 
 4-24 
 
 0-05 
 1-28 
 1-07 
 1-69 
 0-41 
 
 .... 0-38 
 .... 0-71 
 1-56 
 .... 2-03 
 
 0-21 
 0-46 
 0-23 
 
 0-33 
 
 = 99-77. 
 = 99-19. 
 = 99-00. 
 = 100-34. 
 = 101-08. 
 = 100-39. 
 = 100-30. 
 = 100-60. 
 = 101-55. 
 P 2 5 0-08 = 
 = 103-51. 
 P 2 O a 0-05 = 
 = 99-93. 
 = 100-07. 
 = 100-12. 
 = 100-02. 
 
 Rammelsberg has also published (VViod. Ann., ix., 113, 302, 1880; also vii., 136, 1879) a 
 recent investigation of the chemical composition of the species of the mica group, includ- 
 ing a considerable number of new analyses. He concludes that the micas are in part uni- 
 silicates, in part compounds of unisilicates and bisilicates ; he also assumes the isomorphism 
 
 between these, as well as between similar silicates of metals of the R, R, [R 2 ] series respect- 
 ively. He adopts a chemical classification, as follows : 
 
 1. ALKALI micas : A. Sodium mica (paragonite) formula R 2 [Al 2 ]Si 2 O 8 (unisilicateX B. 
 Potassium mica (muscovite), including (1) unisilicates, R. 2 [Al 2 ]Si 2 8 , with sometimes (Mg,Fe) 
 Si0 4 ; (2) compounds of unisilicates and Hsilicates in the ratio of 1 : 3, thus R 10 R[R 2 ]5 
 
 Sii 2 45 (anal. 1, 2, 3), or in the ratio of 1 : 1, thus : RSi 2 O 7 = R 2 Si0 3 -v R 4 Si0 4 , or more 
 
APPENDIX HI 
 
 79 
 
 specially in part, Ri 4 Ro[R 2 ] 6 Sii 8 Ofi3. C. Lithium mica (lepidolite, anal. 4, 5, 6a, 6b) : com- 
 pounds of unisilicates and bisilicates in the ratio of 1:3, thus : R 1() Si 4 O,3 = 8R 2 Si0 3 + lv ( 
 Si0 4 ; or more specially Rio[Re]SitOoa (Rozena and Paris), and Rujl&sjeSiaoOag (Juschak- 
 owa). 
 
 2. The MAGNESIUM mica (biotite pt., anal. 7, 8, 9) is a compound of bisilicates and unisili- 
 cates in the ratio of 1: 3, thus : R 14 R 35 [Ro] 7 Si 36 135 . 
 
 3. The IRON-MAGNESIUM mica (biotite pt.) and IRON mica (lepidomelane), includes five 
 series, having the following formulas: (1) R.rR 4 [R]Si,Oi n R 4 SiO 4 + 41^SiO, + [Ro].-, 
 Si a 12 (anal. 10, 11). (2) B 4 B[R a ] = SiTO a8 = R,SiO 4 + 3R,Si0 4 -f- [R,.],Si 3 J2 ~(anal. 12, 18, 
 14, 15). (3) R,R,[R 2 ]Si 3 12 = R 4 Si0 4 + 2R,Si0 4 + [R">Si 3 0, 2 (anal. 1C, 17). (4) R,R 3 
 [R 2 ] Si 5 20 = R 4 Si0 4 + 3R 2 Si0 4 + 2[R,];Si 3 12 (anal. 18, 19). (5) R n R 3 [R 2 ]iSi a 3a = 
 3R 4 SiO, + 2R 2 Si0 4 + 4[R 2 ] 2 Si 3 Oi 2 . To this group are appended several which do not 
 admit of being classified. 
 
 4. The LITHIUM-IRON mica of Zinnwald (zinnwaldite, anal. 20) is regarded as a compound 
 of bisilicate and unisilicate in the ratio of 2 : 1, thus : RsSLOu = 2R?Si0 3 + R 4 Si0 4 ; 
 more specially RioR4[Ra]aSi 18 0, or R 12 R 4 [R 2 ] Si,i0 7 o, according to the ratio of the differ- 
 ent elements. 
 
 5. The BARIUM mica (cellacherite, anal. 21) is a unisilicate, with the special formula: 
 R 8 R 2 [R 2 ] 4 Si 9 30 = 2R 4 Si0 4 + R 2 SiO 4 + 2[R 2 ],Si 3 O 12 . 
 
 Analyses by Rammelsberg (see also Ber. Ak. Berlin, 1878, 616; 1879, 248, 833; ZS. G. 
 Ges., xxxi., 676, 1879) : 
 
 1. 
 
 So. Royalston, Mass. 45'97 
 
 A1 2 3 Fc 2 3 Mn 2 O 3 FeO MnO MgO K 2 O Na 2 O L1 2 O H 2 F 
 30-40 5-11 1-05 2-03 9*9? 0*59 .. 4-.M) 074 
 
 = 100-31. 
 
 
 2. 
 
 Yrtcrby 
 
 45-21 
 
 33-40 
 
 2-78 
 
 .... 2-00 
 
 
 1-58 
 
 10-71 0-42 
 
 ... 4-28 0-94 
 
 = 101-32. 
 
 
 & 
 
 Broddbo 
 
 47-13 
 
 80-60 
 
 4-81 
 
 .... 0-61 
 
 
 1-30 
 
 10-26 0-74 
 
 .... 4-78 0-64 
 
 = 100-87. 
 
 
 4. 
 
 Rozena 
 
 51-32 
 
 20-00 
 
 
 l-30t . 
 
 
 
 9'98 0'96 
 
 3'87 0-57 7-18 
 
 = 101-18. 
 
 
 5. 
 
 Paris 
 
 
 28-43$ 
 
 
 
 
 
 10'S9 0'79 
 
 4'09 0'22 5" 19 
 
 = 102*22. 
 
 
 6s 
 
 L. Juschakowa (I) 
 
 50-26 
 
 21-47 
 
 
 5'36t 
 
 
 
 11-CS 0-5} 
 
 4 - .88 - 66 8'71, 
 
 Cl 1-16 
 
 104-12. 
 
 6b. 
 
 50-96 
 
 22-20 
 
 
 5-38 .... 
 
 
 
 11 :;'.) ii-:;-.' 
 
 5-65 .... 8-58 
 
 = 104-48. 
 
 
 7. 
 
 Rossic, X.Y. 
 
 43-17 
 
 13-43 
 
 
 rsi 
 
 
 27'47 
 
 8'?3 0'92 
 
 0"40 5"11 
 
 101 -04. 
 
 
 ft 
 
 (fouvcrneur, N. Y. 
 
 43-00 
 
 13-27 
 
 1-71 
 
 
 
 27-70 
 
 10-32 0-30 
 
 .'.'.'.' 0-3S . r )-C,7 
 
 = 102 &5.' 
 
 
 9. 
 
 Pargtis 
 
 42-55 
 
 12-74 
 
 1 31 
 
 .'.'.'. 0-49 
 
 
 27-62 
 
 8-92 1-18 
 
 .... 1-50 4-59 
 
 = 100-90. 
 
 
 10. 
 
 Monzoni 
 
 41-70 
 
 16-86 
 
 2-23 
 
 . 1-88 
 
 0-86 
 
 24-70 
 
 8-93 0-28 
 
 .... 1-14 0-53 
 
 = 99-11. 
 
 
 11. 
 
 Arendnl 
 
 38-89 
 
 14-53 
 
 4-58 
 
 .... 7-85 
 
 1-06 
 
 20-28 
 
 10-08 0-40 
 
 .... 0-94 1-49 
 
 = 100-10. 
 
 
 12 
 
 Minsk 
 
 32-49 
 
 12-34 
 
 8-W 
 
 .... 23-60 
 
 1-53 
 
 5-29 
 
 9-59 0-R8 
 
 .... 3-73 1-61, 
 
 TiO 2 4-03 = 
 
 : 101-65. 
 
 13.' 
 
 Filipstad 
 
 38-20 
 
 15-45 
 
 8-63 
 
 .... 8-69 
 
 0'90 
 
 18'08 
 
 9-17 0-18 
 
 . ... 294 1-15 
 
 = 103-39. 
 
 
 14. 
 
 Sterzing 
 
 3982 
 
 19-25 
 
 2 92 
 
 .... 4-62 
 
 1-11 
 
 21-41 
 
 8-33 66 
 
 1-87 tr. 
 
 = 99-69. 
 
 
 15. 
 
 Persberg 
 
 37-77 
 
 15*96 
 
 6-es 
 
 .... 14-43 
 
 
 12-26 
 
 8 -.M 27 
 
 . . . . 2-67 0-44, 
 
 TiO 2 2-12 = 
 
 : 100-78. 
 
 16, 
 
 HitterO 
 
 39-01 
 
 15-44 
 
 9-37 
 
 .... 13-67 
 
 
 11-30 
 
 8-62 14 
 
 .... 3-05 1-29 
 
 = 101-S9. 
 
 
 17. 
 
 Renchthal 
 
 37-79 
 
 18-79 
 
 6-48 
 
 .... 15-28 
 
 
 9-72 
 
 8 93 1 92 
 
 .... 2-33 tr. 
 
 = 101-12. 
 
 
 18. 
 
 Brovijj 
 
 32-97 
 
 11-88 
 
 16-48 
 
 .. 20-72 
 
 3-64 
 
 1-08 
 
 8-03 0-30 
 
 .. 335 1 29, 
 
 TiO 2 2-42 = 
 
 ; 102-16. 
 
 19. 
 
 St. Dennis 
 
 37-93 
 
 84-80 
 
 7-85 
 
 .... 1487 
 
 
 0-28 
 
 8-64 40 
 
 .... 1544-23 
 
 = 100-63. 
 
 
 20. 
 
 Zinnwald 
 
 46-44 
 
 21-84 
 
 1-27 
 
 .. 10-19 
 
 1-57 
 
 0-18 
 
 10-58 0-54 
 
 3-36 1-04 7-62 
 
 = 104-R3. 
 
 
 21. 
 
 Sterzig 
 
 42-90 
 
 3240 
 
 tr. 
 
 2-40 
 
 3-10 
 
 7-47 1-73 
 
 . . . . 3-02, BaO 5-82, UaO 
 
 0-80 = 
 
 * Hygroscopic water here included : in anal. (1) 0'50 ; in (2) 0'&3 ; in (3) 7C>; in (9) 0'32: in (12) 1'31- in 
 (14) 0-18 ; in (16) 0-12. t With MgO included. With tr. MnO 3 included. With 1 5 CaO included II With 
 1-41 BaO included. 
 
 HAUGHTONITE of Ileddle (Min. Mag., in., 72, 1879) is a variety of biotite, in which the 
 magnesium is largely replaced by iron. G. = 2-96-3-13. Fuses with difficulty to a black 
 magnetic globule. Color dark brown to jet black. Small axial angle. Occurs mostly in 
 granitic and gneissoid rocks, also in diorite, at various Scottish localities, as below. Analy- 
 
 ses by Heddle : 1, from hornblendic gneiss of Roneval; 2, from the hill of Capval; 3, 
 Nishibost ; 4, from the shore of Loch-na-Muilne ; 5, Fionaven in Sutherland ; 6, Ben 
 ; 7, Rispond ; 8, Clach-an-Eoin ; 9, Kinnaird's Head, Aberdeenshire ; 10, Cove 
 berdeen; 11. Lairg, in Sutherland; 12, Portsoy in Banff shire. 
 
 Stack 
 
 near Aberdeen 
 
 1. O.'3-03 
 
 SiO 2 
 37-16 
 
 A1 2 3 
 15-00 
 
 2. G. 3-07 
 
 36-81 
 
 35-22 
 
 3. G. 3-05 
 
 35-15 
 
 16-70 
 
 4. 
 
 36-46 
 
 17-25 
 
 5. G. 3 03 
 
 36-7.) 
 
 7-86 
 
 6. G. 3-05 
 
 2569 
 
 20-09 
 
 7. G. 2-99 
 
 36-54 
 
 22-28 
 
 8. G. 2-96 
 
 35-85 
 
 21-54 
 
 9. G. 3-13 
 
 35-67 
 
 17-95 
 
 10. 
 
 35-47 
 
 18-80 
 
 11. 
 
 35-56 
 
 16-69 
 
 18. G. 3-07 
 
 34-08 
 
 17-34 
 
 BY.jOg 
 
 FeO 
 
 MnO 
 
 CaO 
 
 MgO 
 
 Na O 
 
 K 2 
 
 H 2 
 
 7 '69 
 
 1735 
 
 1-04 
 
 1-30 
 
 8-88 
 
 1*60 
 
 8-18 
 
 212 
 
 _ 
 
 100-17. 
 
 7-61 
 
 17-35 
 
 0-96 
 
 1-54 
 
 8-78 
 
 1 34 
 
 831 
 
 2-47 
 
 _ 
 
 lOn-40. 
 
 5-96 
 
 19-06 
 
 1-02 
 
 0-82 
 
 7-46 
 
 1-26 
 
 924 
 
 313 
 
 _ 
 
 99-81. 
 
 4-18 
 
 15-33 
 
 054 
 
 OT.9 
 
 1223 
 
 0-66 
 
 9-20 
 
 339 
 
 _. 
 
 99-92. 
 
 2-78 
 
 15 18 
 
 042 
 
 0-93 
 
 11-17 
 
 1-25 
 
 944 
 
 4-23 
 
 -_- 
 
 99-99. 
 
 2-23 
 
 14-01 
 
 i-oo 
 
 1-89 
 
 14-77 
 
 053 
 
 7-38 
 
 2-47 
 
 _ 
 
 100-86. 
 
 2-43 
 
 16-01 
 
 0-78 
 
 1-25 
 
 10-00 
 
 0-79 
 
 8-26 
 
 1-51 
 
 _ 
 
 9986. 
 
 4-48 
 
 18-31 
 
 0-31 
 
 1-25 
 
 8-08 
 
 0-79 
 
 7-76 
 
 1'96 
 
 __ 
 
 100-33. 
 
 7-19 
 
 18-06 
 
 2-00 
 
 1-40 
 
 1-50 
 
 3-81 
 
 9-27 
 
 3-20 
 
 _ 
 
 100 05. 
 
 4-61 
 
 19-19 
 
 0-64 
 
 0-90 
 
 7-01 
 
 0-24 
 
 8-19 
 
 4-97 
 
 = 
 
 100-02. 
 
 1-88 
 
 18-04 
 
 0-69 
 
 2-72 
 
 8-47 
 
 0-11 
 
 9-90 
 
 5-71 
 
 _ 
 
 99-77. 
 
 3'61 
 
 1870 
 
 0-38 
 
 323 
 
 10-54 
 
 1-19 
 
 6-78 
 
 4-05 
 
 
 
 99-90. 
 
80 APPENDIX ra. 
 
 Other analyses by Heddle are given in Min. Mag. , iv. , 221 et seq. , 1881 ; and the same 
 variety has been repeatedly analyzed previously (see above). 
 
 A mica closely related to the above (a biotite containing only Fe) has been called SIDERO- 
 PHYLLITE by //. C. Lewis (Proc. Ac. Nat, Sc. Philad., 1880, 254). H. = 3'2. G. = 3-1. 
 Color black ; by transmitted light chrome green. Brittle. Axial angle about 10. An 
 analysis gave (f) : SiO, 36-68, AL0 3 20-41, Fe,0 3 1-55, FeO 25-50, MnO 2-10, MgO 114, 
 CaO>81, Na*O 1-00, Li,0 0'37, K 2 9 20, H 2 1-01 = 99 86. This corresponds to R 3 [R 2 ] 
 SisOi 2 . Fuses with intumescence at 2*5 to a black glass. Soluble in HC1 and HoS0 4 with 
 separation of silica. From near Pike's Peak, Colorado. 
 
 EUCHLORITE of C. U. SJieparcl is shown by Pisani (C. R., Ixxxiii., 167, 1876) to be ordi- 
 nary biotite. From Chester, Mass. H. 2-5. G. = 2-84. Color dark green. Lustre 
 on tho cleavage face pearly. Axis negative. B. B. fusible with difficulty to a black 
 enamel. Slowly soluble in concentrated HC1. An analysis gave Pisani: Si0 2 e>9-55, A1 2 3 
 15-95, Fe 2 3 7 -80, MgO 32-25, K 2 0,Na 2 O 10-35, ign. 4-10 = 100. 
 
 MICARELL. Wichmann (ZS. G. Ges., xxvi., 701, 1874) uses this name (of Freiesleben) 
 to designate the original mineral from which the so-called pinite from Stolpen, near 
 Neustadt, has been derived. It is regarded as certain that it is not iolite nor tourmaline, 
 but its true nature is doubtful. 
 
 Microcline. Des Cloizeaux (Ann. Ch. Phys., V., ix., 433, 1876) uses Breithaupt's name 
 (see Min., p. 355) to designate a new feldspar species established by him: a triclinic potash 
 feldspar. 
 
 Triclinic and near orthoclase in form, and in habit, twinning, etc., but A i-% = 90 16'. 
 Extinction direction makes an angle of 15 to 16 (orthoclase = 0), with the edge / i-4. 
 Poly synthetic twinning, giving rise to striations on 0, sometimes observed. A basal section 
 shows in polarized light a characteristic grating-like structure, due to the regular inter- 
 growth of twin lamella? ; in these, orthoclase is often enclosed ; irregular lines and bands 
 of albite also often observed. 
 
 Composition K 2 [Al 2 ]Si Oi C , or that of orthoclase; an analysis of pure white microcline 
 from Magnet Cove, Arkansas, gave Pisani: SiO a 64'30, A1 2 3 19'70, Fe,0 3 0-74, K 2 15-60, 
 Na 2 O 0-48, ign. 0-35 = 101-17. G. = 2'54. 
 
 A large part of the potash feldspar, previously called orthoclase, is in fact microcline. 
 Here belong the cJiesterlite from Chester, Penn., the beautiful amazonstone of Pike's 
 Peak, Colorado (the color due to an organic salt of iron, according to Konig, Proc. Ac. 
 Nat. Sc. Philad., 1876, 156), as also that of other localities; also feldspar from Mineral 
 Hill, Penn., Leverett (not Everett), Mass., and many foreign localities. It is obtained in 
 large quantities at Branch ville, Conn., some single cleavage surfaces having a length of 10 
 feet ; also observed at the same locality pseudomorph after spodumene. The perthite of 
 Canada is in part microcline (J. Min., 1879, 389). 
 
 MICROLITE, Min., p. 513; App. II., p. 39. Described by NordensUold (Geol. For. Forh., 
 iii., 282, 1877). In small brilliant isometric octahedrons with dodecahedral planes. Color 
 light grayish yellow to blackish brown. Translucent to semi-translucent. H. = 5 '5-6. 
 G. =5-25. An approximate analysis gave: Ta 2 B ,Cb 2 6 77 -3, Sn0 2 0-8, CaO 11-7, MnO 
 (FeO tr.) 7-7, MgO 1-8 = 99'3. Formula (Ca,Mn,Mg),Ta 2 7 , which requires: Ta,0 r , 78'82, 
 MnO 7-69, CaO 11'69, MgO 1-80 = 100. B. B. infusible. Occurs with red and green 
 tourmaline, petalite, spodumene, etc., in pegmatite, at Uto, Sweden. 
 
 Occurs at Bra.nchville, Conn., Brush and Dana, Am. J. Sc., III., xvi., 34, 1878. 
 
 Described by F. P. Dunninqton (Am. .Chem. Journ., iii., 130, 1881) as occurring 
 at the mica mines in Amelia Co., Virginia. In single crystals from ^ in. to f in., 
 with 0, i, and 3-3; also in large (up to 4 Ibs.) imperfect crystals. H. =6. G. = 5 '606. 
 Lustre glistening resinous. Color wax yellow to brown. Streak pale ochreous yellow. 
 Subtranslucent. Fracture conchoidal. Brittle, An analysis gave : Ta^O., 68^ Ub a O e 
 7-74, W0 3 0-30, SnO a 1-05, CaO 11-80, MgO 1-01, BeO 0-34, U 8 0, 1-59. Y a O, 0-28, Ca 2 O 3 
 (Di a O,) 0-17, A10 3 0-13, Fe 2 O, 0-29, Na ; O 2-80, K,0 0-29, F 2-85, 11,01-17 = 100-25, 
 deduct replaced by F 1 "20 = 99-05. The probable formula deduced is 3(Ca a Ta 3 0,) + 
 CbOF 3 . In the closed tube decrepitates and gives off water. B. B. infusible, glows mo- 
 mentarily, colors the flame reddish yellow, and on cooling is dull pale yellow. JNot 
 attacked by strong HC1, slowly decomposed by H 2 SO t and by fusion with Caustic potash; 
 readily decomposed by fusion with acid potassium sulphate. Associated with the true mi- 
 crolite is monazite in'large masses (up to 8 Ibs.). It was at first called altered microlite 
 '(priv. contrib., W. M. Fontaine). 
 
APPENDIX III. 81 
 
 A mineral related to microlite, from Haddam, Conn., is called HADDAMITE by C. U. 
 Sliepard (Am. J. Sc., II., 1., 93, 1870; Min. Contr., 1877). What its true character is, if it 
 be a distinct species, has not been determined. 
 
 MICROLITES. App. II., p. 39. 
 
 MICROSOMMITE, App. II. , p. 39. Analyses 1, 2 by Scacchi (Rend. Accad. Sc. Napoli, 
 April, 1870) ; 3, 4 by Rauff (Z. Kryst, ii., 468, 1878). 1, large crystals, Monte Somma, 
 2, microscopic crystals from bombs 'thrown out in April, 1872; 3, 4, crystals from Mt. 
 Somma; 3, colorless ; 4, yellow. 
 
 SiO 2 A1 2 O 3 CaO Xa 2 O KoO Cl SO 3 CO a 
 
 1. (|) 3-2-21 29-22 12T>0 10'14 679 6'71 4'43 .... = 102'15, deduct O replaced by Cl T51 = 100'59. 
 
 2. (I) 31-43 30-34 10'93 9'37 7'90 7'82 5'26 .... = 103'04, deduct O 1 "76 = 101-28. 
 8. (|)82*21 28-37 10'59 11-30 7'14 7'09 3'86 1'55 S tr. = 102'11, deduct O 1'60 = 100'51. 
 4. 32-23 28-98* 10'36 ll'Ol 7'11 6'25 4'11 1-26 S tr. = 102-01, deduct O 1 '56 = 100'45. 
 
 * (Fe 2 8 tr.) 
 
 The crystals examined by Rauff were large as compared with tho original mineral. 
 Scacchi describes prismatic crystals with J, t-2, *- : |, 1, 0; c (vert.) = 0-41834; 1 A 1 (adj) = 
 124 53 J', 1 A /= 115 47'; the form corresponds very closely to that of nephelite 
 (c (vert.) = "8390 2c (vert.) microsommite, Min., p. 327). Cleavage I perfect, less 
 distinct (as in nephelite). H. 6. G. = 2-444 (Rauff), 2-42-2-53 (Scacchi). Lustre / 
 brilliant silky. The formula calculated by Rauff is 2 [(CaS0 4 ) + 3CaAl,Si 2 O J + [4NaCl + 
 3Na,AloSi,0,] + [4NaCl + SKoAlsSijO*], he also makes the rather improbable assumption 
 that a portion of the Si is replaced by C (Si : C = 20 : 1), the formula then requires: Si0 2 
 32-68, CO 2 1-20, A1 2 3 29*33, CaO 10-67, Na 2 O 10-34, K 2 6-72, S0 3 3-81, Cl 6'77 = 
 101-52, deduct 1-52 100. Rauff also shows that the mineral from Mt. Somma called 
 davyne is in part an altered microsommite. See also Cnncrinite, p. 20. 
 
 Microschorlite, Microvermiculite. See Kaolimte, p. 65. 
 
 MILARITE, App. I., p. 10; II., p. 39. Crystals shown by Des Cloizeaux (J. Min., 1878, 
 42, 370), and also by T*"7tfrmak (Min. Mit'th., 1877, 350), and Bertrand (Bull. Soc. Min., 
 iv., 10, 1881), to be orthorhombic, the pseudo-hexagonal form being due to twinning similar 
 to that of aragonite, vritherite, etc. An analysis by Ludwig (Min. Mitth., 1877, 34t>), gave: 
 
 Si0 2 A1 2 S CaO MgO K,0 Na.O H,0 
 (f) 71-81 10-67 11-65 tr. 4-86 tr. 1-36 = 100-35. 
 
 The formula given by Ludwig is IIKCaALSi,.>O 3 o, which requires : Si0 2 72'66, A1 2 3 
 10-39, CaO 11-30, K 2 4-74, H 2 0'91 = 100. 
 
 Kuscliel (J. Min., 1877, 926), repeats the statement of Frenzel (J. Min., 1873, 797; App. 
 II., p. 39), that the mineral is found in Val Giuf, not Val Milar, and adds that it ought 
 on this account to be called giufite. 
 
 MILLERITE, Min., p. 56; App. II., p. 40. Found at Micheroux, Belgium, Firket, Bull. 
 Soc. Geol. Belg., v., 120, 1878; vi., 132, 1879. 
 
 MIMETITE. Min., p. 537; App. II., p. 40. Etching experiments by Baumhauer show 
 mimetite to be pyramidal-hemihedral like apatite (J. Min., 1876, 411). 
 
 Bertrand (Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 36, 1881), has made the interesting observation that 
 crystals of pure lead arsenate are biaxial (2E= 64) and that as the percentage of P 2 5 in- 
 creases, this angle diminishes, and the pure lead phosphate is uniaxial. Jannettaz has 
 obtained similar results (ib , p. 39), and Jannettaz and Michel (ib., p. 196\ have accom- 
 panied a more detailed optical study by a series of analyses which add much to the com- 
 pleteness of the investigation. 
 
 Anal., Langban, Sweden, by Kiutaro Iwaya, quoted by Lindgren, Geol. For. Forh., v., 
 272, 1880. . Mina Grande, Marqueza, Chili, Domcyko, 6th App., Min. Chili, p. 16, 1878. 
 
 Occurrence with vanadinite in Arizona, Silliman, Am. J. Sc., III., xxii., 202, 1881; W. 
 P. Blake, Min. Sc. Press, Aug., 13, 1881. 
 
 See also ffedyphane, p. 56. 
 6 
 
82 APPENDIX III. 
 
 MIRABILITE, Min., p. 636. Cry st., Aussee, Upper Austria, v. Zepharomch, Lotos, 1877. 
 Anal., Province of Tarapaca, Peru, Raimondi, Min. Perou, p, 288, 1878. Sicily, Paterno, 
 Accad. Line. Trans., III., iv., 22, 1879. 
 
 MlRIQUIDITE. App. II., p. 40. 
 
 Mixite. Schrauf, Z. Kryst., iv., 277, 1879. 
 
 Crystalline to crypto-crystalline. As an incrustation on bismuth ochre, also in irregular 
 particles, granular and rough or spherical, reniform, with partial concentric fibrous struct- 
 ure. The fibres are occasionally distinct six-sided prisms (125), regarded as probably 
 monoclinic or triclinic (extinction 6-9 with prismatic edge). H. = 3-4. G. = 2-66. 
 Color emerald to bluish green ; streak somewhat lighter. Translucent to transparent (fine 
 fibres). Analysis : 
 
 As 2 6 ,(P 2 6 ) Bi 2 3 CuO H 2 FeO CaO 
 
 (I) 30-45 13-07 43-21 11-07 1'52 0-83 = 100-15. 
 
 The formula calculated is Cun BioAs 10 H440 7 o'; this requires: As.0 5 31*93, Bi,0 3 12-99, 
 CuO 44-08, H 2 11-00 = 100. In dilute nitric acid the mineral is instantly covered with 
 a layer of a brilliant white powder of bismuth arsenate, insoluble in the acid; the copper 
 arsenate goes into solution. On ignition becomes blackish green. Occurs with bismuth 
 ochre, bismutite, and torbernite'in the Geistergang at Joachimsthal. Named in honor 
 of Bergrath A. Mixa. 
 
 MOLYSITE, Min., p. 118. Vesuvius, Scacchi, Att. Accad. Napoli, vi., 1873 (Contrib. 
 Min., ii., 43). 
 
 MOLYBDENITE, Min., p. 32. Biellese, Italy, Gossa, Accad. Line. Trans., lll.,i., 206, 1877. 
 Groth suggests that the species may be orthorhombic, Min.-Samml. Strassburg, p. 23, 
 1878. 
 
 MONAZITE, Min., p. 539; App. II., p. 40. Cryst.. Tavctsch, Switzerland (turnerite), vom 
 Hath, J. Min., 1876, 393. Binnenthal (turnerite), also optical investigation, Trechmann, 
 J. Min., 1876, 593. Von Kokscharof, Min. Russl., vi., 887. Ilmen Mts., von Jeremejef, 
 Verh. Min. Ges. St. Pet., II., xii., 287. Seligmann, Corr. Bl. Nat. Ver. Bonn, xxxvii., 131, 
 1880. Optical examination, Des Cloizeaux, Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 57, 1P81. 
 
 Analysis, Arendal, G. = 5-174 : P.0 5 29-92, Ce,0 3 28'82, La,O 3 + Di 2 3 40'79 = 99-53, 
 formula: [R 2 ]P 2 0*, with [R 2 ] = Ce 2 :(La,Di 2 ) = 2:3; this requires: P,0 5 30'28, Ce,0 3 27'72, 
 La 2 3 , Di 2 3 42-00 = 100 ; contains no thorium nor zirconium, Rammelsberg, ZS. G. Ges., 
 xxix., 79, 1877. Analysis of turnerite (on -013 gr.): P 2 5 28'4, Ce. 2 3 (La 2 3 , Di 2 3 ) 68'0 
 = 96-4, Pisani, C. R., Ixxxiv., 462, 1877. 
 
 Absorption bands (Ce, La, Di) in spectrum (turnerite), Cossa, Accad. Line. Mem., III., 
 30, 1878. 
 
 Occurrence with zircon in gold sands of Ivalo, Finnish Lapmark, Nordenskiold, Geol. 
 For. Forh., ii., 223, 1874. Occurrence in brilliant highly modified crystals, at Milholland's 
 mill, Alexander Co., N. C., also at other localities in" North Carolina, Hidden, Am. J. Sc., 
 III., xxii., 21, 1881. From the pegmatite vein at Annerod, near Moss, Norway, W. C. 
 Brogger, Geol. For. Forh., v., 350. 1881. From Nil- St. -Vincent, Renard, Bull. Soc. Geol. 
 Belg., III., ii., 128, 1881. See MicroUte, p. 80. 
 
 MONIMOLITE, p. 546; App. II., p. 40. Occurs at Langban, Wermland, Sweden, Norden^ 
 skiold, Geol. For. Forh., iii., 379, 1877. 
 
 MONTEBRASITE. See Amblygonite, p. 5. 
 MONTICELLITE. Min., p. 255; App. II., p. 40. 
 
 MONTMORILLONITE, Min., p. 459. Anal., Macskamezo, near Podu ruoj, Transylvania, 
 Helmhackcr, Min. Petr. Mitth., ii., 251, 1879. Great Retallack mine, Cornwall, Collins, 
 
APPENDIX III. 83 
 
 Min. Mag., ii., 92, 1878. Branchville, Conn., anal, by II. L. Wells, described by Brush 
 and Dana, Am. J. Sc., III., xx., 283, 1880. 
 
 MONZONITE. App. I., p. 11. 
 
 MORDENITE, Min., p. 446. A partially altered mordenite is called STEELEITE, How (Min. 
 Mag., ii., 134, Sept., 1878). Found as red or reddish pink, or chalk- white, balls, varying 
 in size from one to two and a half inches in diameter, imbedded in a red clay in cavities in 
 trap. Also m other forms, closely associated with stilbite. In part soft and chalk-like; 
 in part hard and unaltered. Gelatinizes with acids. Locality Cape Split, 13 miles west of 
 Cape Blomidon, N. S. 
 
 MOSANDRITE, Min., p. 2D5. Shown to be in fact monoclinic, Brogger, Z. Kryst., ii., 
 275, 1878. 
 
 Mottramite. II. E. Rosroe, Proc. Roy. Soc., xxv., Ill, 1876. 
 
 In thin crystalline incrustations, occasionally in distinct, minute crystals, also compact. 
 H. =3. G. = 5'894. Lustre resinous. Color velvety black ; in thin sections yellow. 
 Streak yellow. Translucent. Analyses, Roscoe (1. c.): 1 ; 2, after deducting impurities : 
 
 Y 2 5 PbO CuO FeO, ZnO, MnO MgO CaO 11,0 
 
 > [1-06 = 97-03. 
 
 1. () 1714 50-97 19-10 2'52 0'26 2'13 3 "63, hygroscopic water 022, Si0 2 
 
 2. 18-87 56-12 21-02 3'99=*lUO. 
 
 The formula suggested is (Pb,Cu\,V.,0 8 + 2(Cu,Pb) II.O,, which requires: V-,0, 18'74, 
 PbO 57-18, CuO 20-3!), II a O 3'6.) = 100. The composition is thus analogous to dihydrite and 
 crinite [but doubtful, owing to the imperfect analysis; note the loss of 3 p. c.]. Occurs on 
 the Keuper Sandstone, at Alderley Edge, and at Mottrani St. Andrews, Cheshire, England. 
 
 Muckite. J. von Schrockinger, Verh. G. Reichs., 1878, 387. 
 
 A resin from the coal beds at Neudcrf, Moravia, disseminated in minute particles and 
 
 in ether, 40 p. c., both leaving a yellowish-brown residue. Other similar experiments 
 prove that the substance is a mechanical mixture of different resins. 
 
 MUSCOVITE. See Mica Group, p. 77. 
 
 MYSORIN, Min., p. 715. From the Nellore district, India. Examined by F. R. Mallet, 
 and shown to be essentially an impure malachite, with 9-02 EUO; it contained as impuri- 
 ties, calcite, chrysocolla, barite, chalcocite, iron sesquioxide, llec. Geol. Surv. India, xii., 
 166, 1879. 
 
 NADORITE. App. I., p. 11. 
 X.ESUMITE. App. I., p. 11. 
 
 XAGYAGITE, Min., p. 82.Schrauf(Z. Kryst., ii., 239, 1878) shows that the crystalline 
 svstem is not tetragonal, but either orthprhombic or perhaps still lower in symmetry. 
 Fletcher observes the development of the planes to be in accordance with orthorhombic 
 symmetry (Phil. Mag., V., ix., 188, 1880). 
 
 NAMAQUALITE. App. I., p. 11. 
 NANTOKITE. App. I., p. 11 ; II., p. 40. 
 
84: APPENDIX III. 
 
 NATROLITE, Min., p. 426 ; App. II., p. 41. Oryst., Salesel, Bohemia, Seligmann, Z. 
 Kryst., i., 338, 1877. Auvergne, Liidecke, Z gesammt. Nat., III., iv., 145, 1879. Aro, 
 Norway, Brdgger, Z. Kryst., iii., 478, 487, 1879. 
 
 According to Ludecke (J. Min., 1881, ii., 7), the natrolite from Aussig and Salesel must, 
 on optical grounds, be referred to the monoclinic system. See Liidecke's memoir also, on 
 the relation of natrolite to scolecite and mesolite. 
 
 Pyro-electrical characters, Hankel, Wied. Ann., vi., 55, 1879. 
 
 Analyses, Kuchelbad, near Prague, Preis and Vrba, Ber. Ges. Bohm., 1879, 469. 
 
 NATRON, Min., p. 705. Analyses of related salts quoted by BracTcebusch, Min. Argen- 
 tina, p. 70, 1879. 
 
 NEFIEDIEFFITE. App. II., p. 41. 
 Neochrysolite. See Chrysolite, p. 27. 
 
 Neociano NEOCYANITE. Scacchi, Rend. Accad. Napoli, Jan., 1881. 
 
 In extremely minute tabular monoclinic crystals. Color blue. Supposed to be an 
 anhydrous copper silicate. B. B. fuses to a black glass. Easily decomposed by acids, with 
 the separation of pulverulent silica. From fumaroles at Vesuvius, formed by sublima- 
 tion, together with three other substances. One of these forms a white granular mass, 
 G. = 2'287, probably silica. A second is a white asbestos-like material, containing lime ; 
 difficultly fusible, and decomposed only in boiling acid. The other forms yellowish-brown 
 crystals in six-sided rhombic plates; insoluble in acid. [Needs further examination.] 
 
 NEPHELITE, Min., p. 327; App. II., p. 41. Cryst. (0 A 1 = 136 9' 20"), Albani Mts., 
 near Rome, Sella, Z. Kryst., i., ^40, 1877. Island of Laaven, Langesundfiord, Norway, 
 (elmolite in elseolite-syenite, A 1 = 136), Klein, J. Min., 1879, 534. 
 
 Made artificially, Jtaqufand Levy, C. R., Ixxxvii., D61, 1878. 
 
 Alteration products in ncphelite rocks, v. Eckenbrecher, Min. Petr. Mitth., iii., 1, 1880. 
 
 Analyses, Ditro, Transylvania (elocolite), A. Koch, Min. Mitth., 1877, 335. Vesuvius, 
 G. = 2 -600-2 -609, Rammelsberg, ZS. G. Ges., xxix., 78, 1877. Vesuvius, Rauff, Z. Kryst., 
 ii., 445 et seq., 1878. In foyaite of the Sierra de Monchique, Southern Portugal, Sclieib- 
 ner, Q. J. G. Soc., 1879, 46, quoted by van Wervecke, J. Min., 1880, ii., 143. Ditro, Tran- 
 sylvania (ela3olite), A. Koch (anal, by Franz Koch), J. Min., Beil.-Bd., i., 143, 1880. 
 
 The chemical composition of nephelite is discussed by Rammelsberg (1. c.) and Rauff 
 
 (1. c). The former deduces the formula : R 6 [Al 2 ],Si,0 26 = 5 (Na [Al 2 ]Si 2 H ) + K 2 Al 2 Si 4 
 
 0, a ; the latter obtains : R,[Al 2 ] 4 Si ;) 3 4 = 7R 2 [A1 2 !Si. 2 8 + R,[Al 2 ]Si t 12 . Rauff seems to 
 prove, contrary to Rammelsberg, that the pure mmeral contains some CaO (1 '32-1 '76 p.c.), 
 and perhaps also a little basic water (0-12-014 p. c.) and a trace of chlorine. Rauff also 
 discusses the relation of nephelita (and elaeolite) to cancrinite And microsommite. 
 
 NEPHRITE, Min., p. 233, 
 land, Berwerth, Ber. Ak. 
 1881, i., 99). Several analyses 
 ( tremolite), Jannettaz and Michel, Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 178, 1881. 
 
 For a general and detailed discussion of nephrite and jadeite, in all their relations, but 
 especially archaeological, see the works of Fischer, whose titles are given in the Bibliography 
 (see Introduction); noticed in J. Min., 1876, 218, and 1880, ii., 319 (ret); also ib., 1880, ii., 
 113. See also Annual Rep. Smithsonian Inst., 1876, 402. 
 
 Neudorfite. J. von SchrocUnger, Verh. G. Reichs., 1878, 387. 
 
 A resin occurring in a coal bed at Neudorf, Moravia. Color pale yellow. Lustre waxy. 
 Fracture conchoidal. G. = 1 -045-1 '060. An analysis by Dietrich gave : C 78 '04, II 9-84, 
 11-98, N 0-14, corresponding to C lh H ah O a = C ^8 26, II 10'14, 11'60 = 100. Fuses at 
 280. Dissolves in ether, leaving a whitish-yellow resinous powder. 
 
 Newberyite. G. vom Rath, Ber. nied. Ges. Bonn, Jan. 13, 1879 ; Bull. Soc. Min., ii., 
 81, 1879. 
 
 Orthorhombic ; axes, c (vert.) : & : & = 0-9300 :1 : 0-9435. Observed planes : *H i-4, 0, 
 H, 2-?, 1. Angles: A *- = 153 46', A 1 = 126 26', 1 A 1 = 108 22'. In large (1 sq. 
 
APPENDIX HI. ' 85 
 
 in.) tabular crystals. Cleavage i-%, perfect ; basal imperfect (v. Rath). Optic axes in the 
 brachydiagonal section. Acute bisectrix ( + ) normal to the base. Dispersion considera- 
 ble p < v. 2H a = 44 46' (red), 2H = 143 8' (red;, Des Cloizeaux. 
 Analysis, Maclvor : 
 
 P 2 5 MgO(MnOtr.) H 2 
 
 41-25 [23-02] 35-73 = 100. 
 
 Formula: Mg,H 2 P 2 8 -f 6aq = P 2 5 40-80, MgO 22'99, H,0 36'21 = 100. Loses its 
 water about 110 C. Easily soluble in acids. From the guano in the Skipton Caves, Vic- 
 toria ; lirst recognized as new by Ulrich (in a letter to vom Rath). Named after Mr. J. C. 
 Newbery, of Melbourne. 
 
 Niccochromite. C. U. Shepard, Min. Contr., 1877. A canary-yellow substance, oc- 
 curring as a coating on zaratite, rarely on chromite, at Texas, Pa. On the ground of a 
 partial blowpipe examination, it is concluded to be a " dichromate of nickel " (?). 
 
 NICCOLITE, Min., p. 60; App. II., p. 41. Anal., Colorado deChanarcillo, Chili, Domeyko, 
 3d ed. Min. Chili, p. 185, 187D. 
 
 NlGRESCITE. App. I., p. 12. 
 
 NIOBITE. See Columbite, p. 29. 
 
 Nitrobarite. Groth (Z. Kryst., vi., 195, 1881) has described crystals of barium nitrate 
 (barytsalpeter), from Chili. They are in apparent octahedrons, formed of the + and 
 tetrahedrons; also in spinol-like twins. According to Wulff (ib., iv., 122), the species is 
 tetartohedral. The crystals arc colorless, in part covered with a thin brownish-black coat- 
 ing resembling wad. Exact locality unknown. II. C. Lewis (Amer. Naturalist, xvi., 78, 
 1832) has proposed the name NITROBARITE for the species. 
 
 NlTROGLAUBERITE. App. II., p. 41. 
 
 Nocerina NOCERITE. Announced by Scncclii in a preliminary note (Accad. Line. 
 Trans., III., v. 270, 1881), as occurring in volcanic bombs in the tufa of Nocera. In white 
 acicular crystals, referred to the rhombohedral system. In composition regarded as a 
 double fluoride of calcium and magnesium. Associated with fluorite, some brown crys- 
 tals referred to amphibole, and minute crystals in hexagonal prisms, perhaps a variety of 
 microsommite. The exterior of the bombs is covered with mica. 
 
 NOHLITE. App. II., p. 41. I 
 
 NOSITE. Min., p. 333; App. II., p. 42. 
 
 NOUMEAITE, NOUMEITE, NuMEiTE. See Gamierite, p. 50. 
 
 OCTAHEDRITE, Min., p. 161; App. II., p. 41. Crysfc., Memoir, Lercheltini Alp, Binnen- 
 thal (wiserine), Klein, J. Min., 1875, 337. Cavradi, Tavetsch, vom Rath, Ber. Ak Berlin 
 1875, 536 (Pogg. Ann., clviii., 402, 1876). Wettin, L&decke, Z gesammt. Nat., Ill , iii , 
 394, 1878. Tavetsch, Brazil, etc., Groth, Min.-Samml. Strassburg, p. 108, 1878. Bimien- 
 thal; . Zepharovich, Lotos, IfcSU. Sdirjmann, J. Min., 1881, ii., 269. Eauris, Salzburg 
 Vrba, Z. Kryst., v., 417, 1881. 
 
 Occurrence in nearly colorless transparent crystals, Brindletown, Burke Co., N. C., 
 Hidden, Am. J. So., xxi., 160, 1881. In quartz at Nil-St.- Vincent, de Koninck, Bull. Ac. 
 Roy. Belg., II, xlvi., 245, 1878. 
 
 Mallard (Ann. Min., VII., x., 187, 1876) describes the optical peculiarities of crystals 
 from Brazil, and decides upon the monoclinic character of the fundamental individuals. 
 See also Brookite, p. 18. 
 
86 APPENDIX in. 
 
 (ELLACHERITE, Min., p. 489. Habachthal, Salzburg. Occurrence in mica schist (anal, 
 by F. Bergrnann), Sandberger, J. Min., 1875, 624; ib., 1879, 367. See also Mica Group, 
 p. 77. 
 
 OKENITE. Min., p. 398; App. II., p. 41. 
 OLDHAMITE. App. II., p. 41. 
 
 OLIGOCLASE, Min.,- p. 346; App. II., p. 41. Cryst., Antisana, Andes, com Rath, ZS. G. 
 Ges., xxvii., 301, 1875 ; Bodenmais, Z. Kryst., iv., 431. Mt Gibele, Pantellaria, forst- 
 ner, Z. Kryst., i., 551, 1877. Klein, J. Min., 1879, 518. Des Cloizeaux, Bull. Soc. Min., 
 iii., 157, 1880.' 
 
 Anal., Durrmorsb^ch, HausJiofer, Z. Kryst., iii., 602. 
 
 See also Feldspar Group, p. 45 . 
 
 OLIVINB. See Chrysolite, p. 27. 
 
 OMPHACITE, Min., p. 223. See Pyroxene, p. IOC. 
 
 ONOFRITE, Min., p. 56. From Marysvale, Southern Utah. Observed by Newlerry, and 
 described by Brush (Am. J. Sc., III., xxi , 312, 1881), as follows : Massive, without cleav- 
 age. H. = 2-5. Gr. = 7'62. Lustre metallic, brilliant on the fresh fracture. Color and 
 streak blackish gray. Fracture conchoidal. Analysis by Comstock : 
 
 Se S Hg Zn Mn 
 
 (|) 4-58 11-68 8193 054 0'69 = 99'42. 
 
 Formula essentially Hg(S,Se), with S : Se = 6 : 1, corresponding nearly with the onofrite 
 of Haidinger, which has, according to H. Ross, S : Se = 4 : 1 ; with which it also agrees in 
 physical characters. 
 
 Brush gives an historical statement as to the occurrence of American mercuric sulpho- 
 selenides. He also calls attention to the essential identity of guadalcazarite of Petersen 
 (App. II., p. 25, also Rammelsberg, Min. Chem., 1875, p. 79) with the metacinnabarite or 
 black mercuric sulphide of Moore (App. I , p. 10), and shows that mdacinnabarite, HgS, 
 G. = 7-72, onofrite (Utah), 6HgS + HgSo, G. = 7 62 (calculated 7-64), ctwfrite (San Onofre), 
 4HgS + HgSe, and tiemannite, HgSa, G. = 7 '27, undoubtedly form an isomorphous series. 
 The specific gravity given in Dana's Min , p. 56, for onofrite (5-56) is incorrect; that num- 
 ber belongs to a gray mineral of doubtful character also mentioned by Del Rio (see 
 Brush, 1. c.). 
 
 A mineral partially described by D'Achiardi as a ferriferous variety of guadalcazarite, 
 is provisionally called LEVIGLIANITE by him. A qualitative examination showed that it con- 
 tained no selenium, and more zinc and iron than the original mineral. From the mercury 
 mine of Levigliani, near Seravezza, in the Apuan Alps, Italy, Att. Soc. Tosc., ii., 112, 1876. 
 
 Ontariolite. See Scapolite, p. 106. 
 OPACITE. App. II., p. 41. 
 
 OPAL, Min., p. 198; App. II., p. 42. Artificial opal, Bertrand, Bull. Soc. Min., iii., 57, 
 1880. 
 
 Formation of vein opal in the andesite of the Gleichenberg, Kispatic, Min. Petr. Mitth., 
 iv., 122, 1881. 
 
 A variety of opal from Mt. Blackmore, Montana, has been called BLACKMORITE by Peale, 
 Hayden's Report, 1872, p. 169. 
 
 ORILEYITE. App. I., p. 12. 
 
APPENDIX III. 87 
 
 ORPIMENT, Min., p. 27. Occurrence in the trachytic region of Tolfa, Rome, Bella, Trans. 
 Accad. Line., III., i., 66, 1877. In Iron Co., Utah, W. P. Slake, Am. J. Sc., III., xxi., 
 219, 1881. 
 
 ORTHITE, Min., p. 285 ; App. II., p. 42. Cryst., Auerbach, in granular limestone, vom 
 Rath, Ber. nied. Ges. Bonn, Jan. 3, 1881. 
 
 Microscopic examination of specimens from different localities, A. Sjogren, Geol. For. 
 Forh., iii., 258, 1877. 
 
 Discussion of composition with many analyses, Engstrom, Inaug. Diss. Upsala, 1877 
 (Z. Kryst., iii., 191, 1878). A much altered orthite (12 to 14 p. c. H a O), blackish brown to 
 red, is called VASITE by Engstrom. 
 
 SlSttakra, analysis by Cedervall and Jonsson, Blomstrand, Minnesskrift Fys. Sallsk, 
 Lund, 1878, p. 3. 
 
 ORTHOCLASE, Min., p. 352; App. II., p. 42. Cryst., Bellingen, Wcsterwald (sanidine), 
 
 brunn, Silesia, twins, Klockmann, ZS. G. Ges., xxxi., 421, 1879. Dissentis, vom Rath, Z. 
 Kryst., v., 492, 1881. 
 
 Relation between orthoclase and microcline, Mallard (Ann. Min., VII., x., 1876); he re- 
 gards them as essentially identical. 
 
 Thermo-electrical characters, Hankd, Wied. Ann., i.. 279, 1877. Expansion on heating, 
 Beclcenfatmp, Z. Kryst., v., 452, 1*81. 
 
 Pseudomorphs after cassiterite, Phillips, J. Ch. Soc., Aug., 1875 (and see above). 
 
 Made artificially, Hautefeuille, C. R., lxxxv.,952, 1877, and xc., 830, 1880; Fouque and 
 Lfiy, C. R., Ixxxvii., 700, 830, 1878 ; Meunier, C. R,, Ixxxvii., 737, 804, 1878 ; Friedel 
 and Sarasin, C. R., xciii., 1374, 1881 (Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 171). 
 
 See also Feldspar Group, p. 45, and Microcline, p. 80. 
 
 Oryzite (Orizite). Grattarola, Att. Soc. Tosc., iv., 226, Nov. 9, 1879. 
 
 In minute crystals, 1 to 3 mm. long, and 1 to 1 -5 mm. thick. Prismatic with I A I 134- 
 138 : 1-4 A 1-1 = 147. Triclinic, according to Grattarola, but the measurements are 
 stated to be approximate only, and those given are not sufficient to determine the form. 
 H. =6. G. = 2*245. Lustre vitreous to pearly. Color and streak white. Analyses : 
 
 SiO, Al,0 3 CaO 11,0 
 
 1. 59-54 16-79* 8'67 14-84, MgO, alkalies tr. = 99-84. 
 
 2. 50-20 15-71 10-31 14-38, " " " = 99-60. 
 
 * With some CuO. 
 
 Soluble in warm HC1, with the separation of gelatinous silica. B. B. swells up "and 
 fuses easily." Named from opv^a, rice, in allusion to the similarity of the crystals to rice 
 grains. [Groth (Z. Kryst., iv., 641) calls attention to the similarity to heulandite in form 
 and composition (with which the author regards it as being dimorphous), and justly re- 
 marks that the description is not sufficiently complete to establish its independence.] From 
 the granite blocks in the Foresi collection, which have popularly gone by the name of the 
 " Four Evangelists," and which formed part of the granitic vein of the " Masso Foresi," 
 or Fonte del Prete, Elba. The same source has yielded tourmaline, beryl, castorite, pollu- 
 cite, apatite, etc. 
 
 OSBORNITE. App. I., p. 12. 
 
 OTTRELITE, Min., p. 506; App. II., p. 43. A variety of ottrclite is called VEXASQUITE by 
 Damour (see Bourbec, Bains et courses de Luchon, 1857, and Damour, Bull. Soc. Min., ii., 
 167, 1879). Occurs in masses having a lamellar and radiated crystalline structure. Cleav- 
 age in one direction. II. = 5 -5. G. = 3 -26. Color grayish black. Streak gray. Opaque. 
 Analysis, Damour, 1. c. : 
 
 Si0 9 AI-Os FeO MgO H0 
 
 44-79 29-71 20'75 0*62 4-93 = 100-80. 
 
88 APPENDIX m. 
 
 This corresponds closely with the formula (Fe,Mg) [Al 2 ]Si a Oi 4- aq. B. B. fusible with 
 difficulty on thin edges ; yields a magnetic slag on charcoal. Not attacked by acids. From 
 Venasque, in the Pyrenees. 
 
 OXAMMITE. A name given by Shepard (App. I., p. 6) for crystals supposed to be ammo- 
 nium oxalate, from the guano of the Guanape Islands. Raimondi, under the name of 
 GUANAPITE, has described (Min. Perou, pp. 30, 33, 1878) what is apparently the same sub- 
 stance examined by Shepard. Occurs in small flattened (4. to 5 mm. long) grains, with 
 lamellar structure. Sometimes in elongated prismatic (orthorhombic) crystals; also pul- 
 verulent Color yellowish white. Lustre silky. Transparent. Inodorous. Volatilizes 
 completely with heat. An oxalatc of ammonia. Found with mascagnite, which it much 
 resembles, in the guano of the Guanape Isles. 
 
 J. A. Tanner, Jr. (Chem. News, xxxii., lf'2, 1875), has analyzed the Guanape mineral, 
 and obtained (after deducting 5'54 p. c. organic matter): NH 4 21-95, C 2 4 53-30, H 2 24-75, 
 corresponding to Ca (NH 4 ) 2 4 + 2aq, which requires : NH 4 22-50, C,0 4 55'00, H 2 22-50. 
 [Raimondi's name is based on a partial description, Shepard's name on a mere statement 
 in a single sentence; as, however, the name guanapite has been previously used (App. I., 
 p. 6), the other, though not free from objection, may be accepted.] 
 
 ^>. Description of a related mineral wax from 
 
 OZOCERITE, Min., p. 732; App. II., p. 4^>. Desc 
 Utah, Newberry, Am. J. Sc., III., xvii., 340, 1879. 
 
 From Kinghorn-ness, Scotland, anal., Macadam, Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1879, 309, or Ch. 
 News, xl., 48, 1879. Galicia, Paul, Verh. G. Reichs., 1881, 131. 
 
 PACHNOLITE, Min., p. 129. According to Oroth (Tab. Uebers. Min., 41, 1882), the true 
 relation of the species pachnolite and thomsenolite has been recently established by Brandl. 
 PACHNOLITE is monoclinic, with ft = 89 40', and c (vert.) : b: a = 1-5:. 20 : 1:11626, and 
 has the composition [Na,Ca] F 3 + AloF G . It is consequently a cryolite, with two sodium 
 atoms replaced by one calcium atom. 
 
 THOMSENOLITE, on the same authority, is monoclinic, with ft = 89 37i', and c (vert.): b: d 
 = 1-0877:1:0-9959; and has the composition [Na,Ca]F ? + A1 2 F 6 4- H 2 0. 
 
 On earlier discussions of the relations of these species, see : Knop, Ann. Ch. Pharm., 
 cxxvii., 61, 1866 ; Wohler, J. Min., 1876, 58 ; Kdnig, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1876, 
 42 ; Krenner, J. Min., 1877, 504 ; Klein, J. Min., 1877, 808. PYROCONITE of Wohler is 
 the same as var. A pachnolite of Knop. 
 
 PALAGONITE, Min., p. 483; App. II., p. 43. Penck, after an exhaustive study of many 
 so-called palagonite rocks, concludes that no such mineral exists ; that most of the mate- 
 rial, which has received that name and been examined, is a mixture of different substances, 
 consisting largely of the glassy ejected bombs from a basaltic magma, ZS. G. Ges., xxxi., 
 504, }879. 
 
 Pandermite. See Priceite, p. 97. 
 
 PARAGOXITE. Min., p. 487; App. II., pp. 43, 63. See also Cossaite, App. II., p. 63. 
 
 Parailmenite. Same as the doubtful paracolumbite (Min., p. 143), from Taunton, 
 Mass., C. U. Shepard, Am. J. Sc., III., xx., 56, 1880. 
 
 Parankerite. See Anherite, p. 6. 
 PARASTILBITE. See Epistilbite, p. 42. 
 
 PARISITE, Min., p. 702. Absorption bands in spectrum (Ce,La,Di), Cossa, Accad. Line. 
 Mem., III., iii., 29, 1878. See also Bastnasite, under Tysonite, p. 126. 
 
 Paroligocalse. PAROLIGOKLAS. E. E. Schmid, Jenaer. Denksch., 18SO (J. Min., 1881, 
 i., 78 ref.). 
 
 A problematical substance occurring in indistinct prisms, with calcite grains, imbedded 
 in the ground-mass of a rock found between Ilmsenberg, Quariberg, and Silberberg, in the 
 Thiiringerwald. The rock has a specific gravity of 2-666-2-677, and in thin sections shows 
 
APPENDIX III. 89 
 
 an opaque ground-mass of ferrite, with the macroscopic prisms of a pale yellow color. 
 Extinction parallel and perpendicular to the axis of prism. 
 
 Analyses : (1) of rock entire; (2) portion soluble in dilute HC1; (3) soluble in concentra- 
 ted HC1; (4) insoluble remainder. 
 
 Si0 2 AloOa* Fe.O^t CaO MgO Na,0 K 2 CO. ign. 
 1. 4574 16-07 14-74 6'31 273 2-97 471 4-32 2-22 = 99-01. 
 
 2 66 2-37 6-31 0-22 0*28~~ 4-32 0-28 = 14-44. 
 
 3 4-59 2-08 11-10 1'24 0'19 0-09 = 19-29. 
 
 4. 41-15 13-33 127 .... 1-27 2'66 4'46 .... 4-60 = 64-60. 
 
 * With P 2 O 5 . t With TiO 2 and Mn 2 O 3 . 
 
 The author gives for the ratio in the insoluble part of RO : A1 2 3 : Si0 2 = 0'94: 3: 8-90 
 = 1:3:9, and calls the mineral paroligodase, in allusion to the fact that this is the ratio of 
 oligoclase. [Rosenbusch (J. Min., I.e.) suggests that the substance may belong to the 
 scapolite group ; in any case, on the basis of so imperfect an examination, it has no claim 
 to a place as a mineral species, and should never have received a name.] 
 
 PARTZITE, Min., p. 188. Anal., Mine of San Lorenzo, province- of Huaylas, and mine 
 des Italiens, province of Cajatambo, Peru, Raimondi, Min. Perou^^^SS^Se, 87, 1878. 
 
 Passyite. See Quartz, p. 101. 
 
 PATTEBSONITE. Min., p. 801; App. I., p. 18; II., p. 
 
 PEALITE. App. II., p. 43 (24). 
 
 Peckhamite. J. L. Smith, Am. J. Sc., III., xix.,462; xx., 
 
 Occurs in rounded nodules in the meteorite of Emmet Co., Iowa. Shows a more or less 
 distinct cleavage. G. = 3-23. Lustre greasy, opalescent. Color light greenish yellow. 
 Two analyses (1) on 0*1 gr., (2) on - 35 gr., gave : 
 
 SiO, FeO MgO 
 
 1. 49-50 15-88 33-01 = 98-39. 
 
 2. 49-59 17-01 32-51 = 99-11. 
 
 These correspond to R 4 Si 3 10, which Smith resolves into 2(RSiO s ) -f R 2 Si0 4 , that is, 2 
 molecules of enstatite and 1 of chrysolite. Named after Prof. S. F. Peckham. 
 
 PECTOLITE, Min., p. 396 ; App. II., p. 43. A mineral, very near pectolite, is called 
 WALKERITE by Neddie (Min. Mag., iv., 121, 1880). In radiating and interlacing fibres, re- 
 sembling ordinary pectolite. H. = 4'5. G. = 2712. Cream-colored, slightly pinkish. 
 Lustre brilliant, pearly. Phosphoresces on being broken, or on application of heat. 
 Analyses : 1, Walker (anal. 10, Dana,. Min., p. 397); 2, 3, lleddle : 
 
 SiO- Al,0 3 FeO CaO MgO K.,0 Na a O H 2 
 
 1. 54-00 3079 2-59 .... 5 '55 5-43 = 98'36. 
 
 2. 53-22 0-9 0-21 26-18 6'81 undet. 5'23. 
 
 3. 52-20 .... 1-33 23-61 5'12 0-85 6'50 5'28 = 99-92. 
 
 Calculated formula: Na 2 MgCa 4 Si 7 20 , 2H,0 or H 2 Na 2 Mgai 4 Si 7 02i + aq, requiring: SiO a 
 53-71, CaO 28-65, MgO 5-12, Na 2 7'92, H,0 4-60 = 100. Found in the diabase of Cor- 
 storphine Hill, near Edinburgh, Scotland. Described by the early English mineralogist, 
 Dr. Walker, as pectolite, after whom it is named. [The difference from pectolite is so 
 small as not to seem to require its separation.] 
 
 PEGANITE. See Variscite, p. 128. 
 
90 APPENDIX m. 
 
 Pelagite. A. H. Church, Min. Mag., i., 50, 1876; G&wbel, Ber. Ak. Munchen, 1878, p. 
 189. 
 
 A name given by Church (1. c.) to the manganese nodules obtained by the " Challenger" 
 from the bottom of the Pacific, between Japan and the Sandwich Is., at a depth of 2740 
 fathoms." Characters, as follows: H. =3-5. G. = 1-89. Color brownish black. Streak 
 somewhat shining. Powder between blackish brown and clove brown. Fracture conchoi- 
 dal ; fragile. In the closed tube gives oif water having a slight alkaline reaction. B. B. 
 contracts, becomes black, and fuses on the edges. * With II Ci dissolves with the liberation 
 of chlorine and separation of silica. The nodules have a concretionary structure, consist- 
 ing of concentric layers, and having a core of indurated red clay, and, in one case, of 
 pumice; the material was regarded as homogeneous. Gumbel (1. c.) describes nodules from 
 the same source. Analyses: (1) Church; (2) Sch wager (quoted by Gumbel). 
 
 Si0 2 MnO a Alo0 3 Fe a 8 H,0 
 
 1. 10-37 30-22 3-30 20'02 34'55*, 01 0-71, MgO, CaO, CuO, Na-,0, Cl, P 2 6 , etc., 0-83 
 
 [= 100. 
 
 2. 16-03 23-60 10-21 27-46 17-82, MgO 0-18, CaO 0*92, CuO 0-02, CoO, NiO 0-01, 
 [BaO 0-01, Na 2 O 2'36, K 2 0-40, TiO a 0-66, Cl 0-94, P a 6 0-02, S0 3 0'48, C0 2 0-05= 101-17. 
 
 * At a red heat lO'O p. c. 
 
 Other analyses by J.-Y. Buchanan (Proc. Roy. Soc. Ed., ix., 287, 1877; Ch. News, xliv., 
 253,' 1881) of specimens from different localities, show a wide variation in composition 
 (24-4-35-3 Mn0 2 and 18-24*8 Pe a 8 ). [Although great interest attaches to these nodules, 
 they cannot in any sense claim to be a distinct mineral species, but are doubtless compo- 
 site.] 
 
 Pelagosite. K. Moser, Tschermak, Min! Petr. Mitth., i., 174, 1878. 
 
 A substance occurring as a thin, dark-colored incrustation on limestone and dolomite, on 
 the shores of the Mediterranean, as at the Island of Pelagosa (Moser). In some cases look- 
 ing like varnish, and again resembling lichens. It consists of thin translucent layers, 
 exerting on polarized light the effect of aggregate polarization. An analysis by J. Cloez 
 on similar material from Cape Ferrat, afforded : CaC0 3 91 '80, MgC0 3 0'90, Fe,0 3 0-25, 
 Si0 2 1-23, NaCl 0-49, H 2 O 4-56, organic matter 0-71 = 99-93. It is regarded as produced 
 by the action of sea-water on the doiomite. 
 
 Des Cloizeaux and Velain have observed similar coatings on the feldspathic rocks of 
 Corsica, on the coast of Oran, and on basaltic lava on the coast of Reunion Island, Bull. 
 Soc. Geol., vi., 86, 1878. [Not a mineral species.] 
 
 Pelhamine. C. U. SJiepard, Contr. Min., 1876. A serpentinous substance (altered as- 
 bestos), forming irregular seams and masses at the asbestos mine, at Pelham, Mass., re- 
 sembling a black serpentine. Color dark greenish gray. H. =5. G. 2'9-3'2. B. B. 
 infusible. Analysis : Si0 2 38-40, Alo0 3 2*80, FeO 15-52, MgO [39 '88], H 2 3-40 = 100. 
 
 PENCATITE. Min., p. 708; App. II., p. 43 (45). 
 
 PENXIXITE, Min., p. 495; App. II., p. 43. Mallard (Ann. Min., VII., x., 151, 1876) re- 
 gards penninite (uniaxial) and clinochlore, or ripidolite (biaxial), as identical, both having 
 a fundamental monoclinic form, but differing only in the method of grouping of the indi- 
 viduals. He calls attention to cases where a biaxial chlorite encloses a nucleus of a uniax- 
 ial chlorite, and explains the latter by the aggregation analogous to corundum. 
 
 Analyses of penninite, ripidolite, and related species from Scottish localities, ffeddle, 
 Trans. Soc. Edinb., xxix., 55 et seq., 1879. Anal, (by van Wervecke), pseudophite, Mar- 
 kirch, Vosges, Ghrofh, Z. Kryst,, i., 509, 1877. x 
 
 Penwithite. J. H. Collins, Min. Mag., ii., 91, 1878; iii., 89, 1879. 
 
 Massive. H. = 3 - 5. G. = 2'49. Lustre vitreous Color dark amber to reddish brown. 
 Transparent. Fracture conchoidal. Brittle. Analysis : (:{) SiO a 36-40, MnO 37-62, FeO 
 2-52, H 2 O21-8;), MnO.tr., Uo0 3 0'30, Cu tr. = 9864. Formula calculated by author: 
 MnSi0 3 + 2aq, requiring: SiO a 35-9, MnO 42-5, H,0 21-5 = 100. B. B. fuses with diffi- 
 culty. Occurs with quartz and rhodochrosite, in the district of Penwith (whence name), 
 "West Cornwall. [The author mentions, that if the coarse powder is digested in HC1, the 
 manganese is dissolved out and the silica left colorless ; he also mentions related sub- 
 
APPENDIX m. 91 
 
 stances with Si0 2 , varying from 22 to 57 p. c., and G. as high as 3 '4. It would seem, con- 
 sequently, very doubtlul whether this is to be regarded as a true mineral species.] 
 
 PERCYLITE, Min., p. 122; App. II., p. 43. Believed, to occur at Mina San Rafael, Gale- 
 ria al Norte, Bolivia, Gregory, Min. Mag., ii., 251, 1879. Alt. de Challacollo, Tarapaca, 
 Peru, Raimondi, Min. Perou, p. 174, 18 i 8. 
 
 PEROFSKITE, Min., p. 146; App. II., p. 43. Occurrence as a microscopic constituent of 
 nephelite-pikrite, in Bohemia, Boricky, Ber. Bohm. Ges., Oct. 13, 1876, p. 227. From the 
 Val Malenco (anal, by Mauro), Struver, Trans. Accad. Line., III., iv., 210, 1880. 
 
 The question of the crystalline system of perofskite has been discussed by von Kok- 
 scharof, Min Russl., vi., 388, 1874; vii., 375, 1878; viii., 39, 1881 (J. Min., 18 ;8, 38); Des 
 Cloizeaux, ZS.G.Ges., xxvi., 932, 1874 ; J. Min., 1877, 160; ib., 1878, 43, 372; Baumhauer, 
 Z. Kryst., iv., 187, 1879. The etching experiments of Baumhauer, supported by optical 
 examinations, seem to prove that, as urged by von Kokscharof and accepted by Des 
 Cloizeaux, the mineral is orthorhombie, and owes its form and optical properties to a com- 
 plicated system of twinning. 
 
 An altered perofskite from Magnet Cove, Arkansas, is called HYDROTITANITE by Konig 
 (Acad Nat. Sci. Philad., 83, 18 Q\ Color yellowish gray. G. = 3'681. Soft. An analy- 
 sis afforded: Ti0 2 82-82, Pe,0 3 7-76, MgO 2'72, CaO 0-80, H 2 5'50, V tr. = 99-60. 
 [Indeterminate decomposition products are not mineral species.] 
 
 PETALITE, Min., p. 229; App. II., p. 43. Anal., Elba, Rammelsberg, Bcr. Ak. Berlin, 
 1878, 9. Discussion of chemical composition and relation to spodumene, Dolter, Min. 
 Petr. Mitth., i., 529, 1878. 
 
 An alteration product of castorite, from Elba, has been called HYDROCASTORITE by G. Grat- 
 tarola (Boll. Com. Geol., 1876, 323). Occurs as a mealy aggregate of fine crystalline 
 needles, surrounding a nucleus of the original mineral. The microscopic prismatic crys- 
 tals sometimes obliquely cut off (70); extinction parallel the prism. H. = 2. G. = 2-16. 
 Color white. Analyses': 1, Grattarola, on material not entirely pure; 2, Sansoni (Att. Soc. 
 Tosc., iv., 320, 1879). 
 
 SiO a Al,0, CaO MgO H 2 
 
 1. 59-59 21-35 4-38 .... 14-66 = 99-98. 
 
 2. 58-13 19-70 4-17 0'50 15-96 = 98-46. 
 
 For the latter the not very simple formula : Ca., [Alj] 5 Si 2 o0 9 + 24aq, is calculated. 
 [Needs further examination.] 
 
 PETZITE. Min. p. 146; App. II., p. 43; see also Jlessiie, App. III., p. 58. 
 Phaactinite. See Ampliibole, p. 5. 
 
 PHARMACOLITE, Min., p. 554 ; App. II., p. 43. Oryst., Schrauf, Z. Kryst., iv., 284, 
 1879. 
 
 PHARMACOSIDERITE, Min., p. 578. From Schemnitz, Hungary, Min. Mitth., 1875, 100. 
 From Garonne, Dept. du Var, Pisani, C. R., Ixxxiv., 1512, 1877. 
 
 Pseudo-isometric, according to JBertrand, Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 256, 1881. 
 
 PIONACITE, Min., p. 263 ; App. II., p. 43. Cryst., with catalogue of observed planes, 
 Sdigmann, J. Min., 1880, i., 129. From Switzerland, perhaps Val Giuf, Websky, Ber. 
 
 Anal., Cerro del Mercado, Durango, Mexico, Chrustscho/, Z. Kryst., iii., 634, 1879. 
 Phengite. See Mica Group, p. 77. 
 Fhiladelphite. See Vermiculite, p. 129. 
 
9 APPENDIX m. 
 
 Phillipite. /. DomeyTco, 5th Appendix Min. Chili, 1876 ; 3d ed. Min. Chili, p. 248, 
 1879. 
 
 Compact, granular, or with fibrous structure, transverse to veins in the chalcopyrite. 
 Lustre vitreous. Color azure blue. Translucent, astringent. Composition approximately 
 given by the formula, CuS0 4 + [Fe 2 ]S 3 12 + naq. Analysis gave : S0 3 28 '96, Fe<>0 3 9 '80 
 (iron subsulphate 2-28), CuO 14'39, MgO 0'85, H 2 43-7*, Al a 3 tr. = 100. Soluble in 
 water, but unaffected by exposure to the air. Found at the copper mines in the Cordille- 
 ras of Condes, province of Santiago, Chili. Produced from the decomposition of chalco- 
 pyrite, and found in small irregular masses and bands with it in an argillaceous ochre. 
 
 PHILLIPSITE, Min., p. 438; App. II., p. 43. Crystalline system monoclinic, with a higher 
 degree of pseudo-symmetry, due to repeated twinning, analogous to harmotome, Streng, 3. 
 Min., 1875, 585 ; Trippke, ZS. G. Ges., xxx., 178, 1878 (or J. Min., 1878, 681, 68(0 ; f j re ~ 
 senius, Z. Kryst., iii., 42, 1879 ; v. Zepharovich, Z. Kryst., v., 96, 1880. The monoclinic 
 character of phillipsite was first assumed by Groth, Tabell. Uebers. Min. , pp. 62, 1 04, 
 1874. 
 
 Kecent formation at Bourbonne-les -Bains, Daubree, C. R., Ixxx., 463, 1875; do. in Al- 
 giers, ib., Ixxxiv., 157, 1877. 
 
 PHGENICOCHROITE, Min., p. 630. Made artificially, Meunier, C. R., Ixxxvii., 656, 1878. 
 PHLOGOPITE, Min., p. 302. See Mica Group, p. 77. 
 
 PHOLERITE, Min., p. 472 ; App. II., p. 44. Anal., Distr. San Pablo, Peru, Raimondi, 
 Min. Perou, 302, 1878. 
 
 PHOSGENITE, Min., p. 703. Cryst., Monte Poni, Sardinia, showing a close agreement 
 with the results of v. Kokscharof, from Gibbas, Hansel, Z. Kryst., ii., 291, 1878. See 
 also Min. Russl., viii., 118, 143, 1881. 
 
 Recent formation at Bourbonne-les-Bains, Daubree, C. R., Ixxxi., 182, 1875. Made 
 artificially, Friedel and Sarasin, Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 175, 1881. 
 
 PHOSPHOCHROMITE, App. I., p. 12. Pisani (Bull. Soc. Min., iii., 196, 1880) has analyzed 
 a phospho-chromate from Beresofsk, which is near the phosphochromite of Hermann (App. 
 I., see laxmannite). It occurs in mammillary forms, having a crystalline surface. Color 
 reddish orange ; powder yellow. The analysis gave : 
 
 P 2 O 5 Cr0 3 PbO CuO 
 
 9-78 15-80 70-60 4-57 = 100-75. 
 
 The formula is Pb 3 P 2 8 + (Pb,Cu) Cr0 4 . 
 
 Shepard has used .the same name for a supposed substance, the existence of which even 
 is not proved; see Elroquite, p. 41. 
 
 Phosphuranylite. F. A. Genth, Amer. Chem. J., i., 92, 1879. 
 
 Occurs as a pulverulent incrustation ; shows with the microscope rectangular scales, 
 with pearly lustre. Color deep lemon yellow. Analysis : 
 
 P 2 5 U0 3 PbO H 2 
 
 11-30 71-73 4-40 10-48 = 97'91. 
 
 The lead is regarded as being present as cerussite, which was visible under the micro- 
 scope; deducting this the result becomes: P 2 6 12-08, U0 3 76'71, H 2 11 -21 = 100. For 
 this the formula is deduced: (U0 2 ) 3 P 2 0* + 6aq = P 2 5 12-75, UO S 77'56, H 2 9'69. B B. 
 in the closed tube yields water, and becomes brownish yellow on cooling. Easily soluble in 
 nitric acid. Occurs with other uranium minerals at the Flat Rock mine, Mitchell Co., 
 N. C. ; incrusts the quartz, feldspar, and mica. 
 
 Phytocollite. See Dopplerite, p. 38. 
 
APPENDIX III. 93 
 
 Picite. A. Nies, Ber. Oberhess. Ges. Nat. Heilk., xix., p. 112, 1880. A. Streng, J. 
 Min., 1881, i., 118. 
 
 Amorphous ; in thin coatings, or in small stalactitic and spherical forms. H. d-4. 
 G. = 2-83. Color dark brown. Streak yellow. Lustre vitreous to greasy. Translucent. 
 Fracture subconchoidal. Anistropic. Analysis: Nies, after deducting 210 p. c. in- 
 soluble : 
 
 P 2 5 Fe 2 3 A1 2 3 H 2 
 
 24-47 46-50 100 2803 =: 100. 
 
 Formula: 4[Fe 2 ]P 2 8 4- 3[Fe 2 ]H 6 B + 27aq [but, as Nies remarks, it is by no means sure 
 that the mineral is homogeneous]. From the Eleonore mine, near Bieben, and the Roth- 
 laufchcn mine, near Waldgirmes, in the neighborhood of Giessen. Closely related, as shown 
 by Nies, to the Picites resinaceus of Breithaupt (Handb. Min., i., 897), and to a phos- 
 phate mentioned by Boricky (Ber. Ak. Wien, Ivi., 16, 1867) as occurring at the Hrbek 
 mine, St. Benigna, Bohemia. 
 
 PICKERINGITE, Min., p. 653. Anal., Colorado City, Col., Goldsmith, Proc. Acad. Nat. 
 Sc. Phil., 1876, 333. Argentine Republic (Schickendantz), Brackebusch, Min. Argentin., 
 
 74, 1875. 
 
 A related mineral is called SONO MATTE by E. Goldsmith (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad., 
 1876, 263). Crystalline. G. = 1 '604. Silky lustre. Colorless. Analysis : 
 
 S0 3 Alo0 3 FeO MgO H.O 
 
 (I) 38-54 801 1-78 7'33 [44-34] =-- 100. 
 
 Formula: 3MgS0 4 + [Al 2 ]S 3 Oi 2 + 33aq. From the neighborhood of the Geysers, Sono- 
 ma Co., California. 
 
 Picroallumogene of G. Roster (Boll. Com. Geol., 1876, 302) is another mineral very near 
 piekeringite. Stalactitic; in nodular and fibrous radiated masses. MonocHnic or triclinic. 
 Color white, with a rose-red tinge. Streak nearly white. Semi-translucent>. Taste acid, 
 bitter. Composition : 2MgSO, + [Al 2 ]S 3 O ia + 28aq = S0 3 36-80, A1 2 3 9 -48, MgO 7'36, 
 H,O 46-36 ss 100. Analysis: 
 
 S0 3 AL0 3 MgO H 2 
 
 36-38 9-16 8-19 45-69, K 2 0'37, CoO tr. = 99-79. 
 
 Fuses easily in its own water of crystallization, and swells out, becoming opaque and 
 porous. Dissolves in slightly warmed water, forming an acid solution, from which oblique 
 prisms resembling gypsum separate on slow evaporation. Occurs with sulphur and me- 
 lanterite, in the iron mine of Vigneria, Island of Elba. 
 
 PICROMERITE. Min., p. 642; App. II., p. 44. 
 PICROPHARMACOLITE. Min., p. 555; App. II., p. 41. 
 
 PICROSMINE, Min., p. 405. Anal, of a related mineral, Haslau, Plotzbachthal, Frenzel, 
 Min. Petr. Mitth., iii., 512, 1881. 
 
 PICROTEPHROITE. See Tephrolte, p. 120. 
 
 PIEDMONTITE, Min., p. 285. Crystallographic, optical, and chemical examination, Las- 
 peyres, Z. Kryst., iv., 435, 1880. 
 
 Pilarite. See Chrysocotta, p. 26. 
 
 Pilinite. A. von Lasaulx, J. Min., 1876, 358. 
 
 Orthorhombic (on optical grounds). In minute (-005 mm. to -01 mm.) prismatic crys- 
 
94 APPENDIX III. 
 
 tals, having a rhombic section of about 120 and 60 ? ; forming a fine felt-like mass, the 
 needles oiten bent; resembles asbestos. Cleavage basal perfect, prismatic distinct 
 G. =2-263. Lustre of needles silky. Color white to colorless. Needles pliable. Analvsis' 
 Bettendorif (I.e.): 
 
 Si0 2 Al 2 3 ,Fe 2 3 CaO Li 2 MgO, Na 2 0, K 2 H 2 
 
 55-70 1?64 19-51 - [118] "tr7~ 4-97 = 100. 
 
 The formula proposed is (Ca,Li 2 ) [A1 2 ] Si 5 15 + aq. Fuses easily with strong intumes- 
 cence to a sponge-like bead. Insoluble in acids, even on boiling. Occurs with quartz, 
 epidote, and stilbite in cavities in the granite of Striegau, Silesia. Named from jciAivo?, 
 made of felt. 
 
 Pilolite. Heddle, Min. Mag., ii., 206, 1879. 
 
 Heddle has analyzed specimens of " mountain cork " (1, 2, 3, 4), and " mountain leather" 
 (5, 6, 7), from several localities in Scotland, with the following results: 
 
 
 
 Si0 2 
 
 AloOn 
 
 Fe,0 3 
 
 FeO 
 
 MnO 
 
 CaO 
 
 MgO H.O* (total) 
 
 1. 
 
 Portsoy 
 
 51-43 
 
 7-52 
 
 2-06 
 
 2-49 
 
 1-30 
 
 0-58 
 
 9-35 
 
 25-04 
 
 _ 
 
 9-76. 
 
 2. 
 
 Cabrach 
 
 51-00 
 
 12-88 
 
 0-09 
 
 2-68 
 
 0-08 
 
 
 7-54 
 
 24-74 
 
 
 
 99-73. 
 
 3. 
 
 Tod Head 
 
 51-61 
 
 6-63 
 
 .... 
 
 2-70 
 
 2-77 
 
 V-ii 
 
 io-ei 
 
 25-00 
 
 
 
 100-63. 
 
 4. 
 
 Tay Port 
 
 54-37 
 
 11-27 
 
 0'21 
 
 1-09 
 
 0-33 
 
 0-98 
 
 9-49 
 
 22-41 
 
 _ 
 
 100-16. 
 
 5. 
 
 Tod Head 
 
 52-48 
 
 6-33 
 
 0-60 
 
 2-11 
 
 2-88 
 
 1-34 
 
 11-95 
 
 21-70 
 
 
 
 99-39. 
 
 6. 
 
 Lead Hills 
 
 51-45 
 
 7-98 
 
 0-97 
 
 3-29 
 
 1-49 
 
 1-97 
 
 10-15 
 
 21-70 
 
 
 
 98-99. 
 
 7. Boyne Burn 51-10 6*81 2-27 2-82 1-01 0'86 10-16 23-90 = C8-93. 
 * H 2 O at 100: in (1) 10'88, in (2) 10'64, in (3) 9'27, in (4) 9'26, in (5) 5'99, in (6) 5'96, in (7) 9'2. 
 
 The quantivalent ratio for the above is approximately, R : [R.,] : Si : H = 4 : 3 : 20 : 15, 
 and the calculated formula Mg 4 [A1 2 ] Si, 27 , 15H,0. 
 
 The minerals have the characters ordinarily given under the names "mountain leather," 
 and " mountain cork." Structure fibrous, more or less flexible and tough. Color white 
 to pale buff, gray, etc. They occur in granular limestone, in granite veins, and in veins in 
 sandstones and slates. Heddle states that the above mineral is not an alteration product 
 of a variety of hornblende, but a distinct species. Named from it 2 A. o$,fe!t. [Compare 
 xylotile, p. 406.] 
 
 PINITE, Min., p. 479; App. II., p. 44. Anal., formed from andalusite, San Piero, Elba, 
 Grattarola, Boll. Com. Geol., 1876, 333. Sodertorn, Sweden (rosite and polyargite), Palm- 
 grcn, Geol. For. Forh., i., 188, 1873. 
 
 From Eastern Massachusetts, analyses, occurrence, etc., Crosby, Am. J. Sc., III., xix., 
 116, 1880. 
 
 See also lolite, p. 63, Killinitc, (under Spodumene), p. 112. 
 
 PISANITE, Min., p. 646. Massa Marittima, Tuscany, optical exam., etc., S0 3 28-48, CuO 
 10-07, C. Hintze, Z. Kryst., ii., 309, 1878. 
 
 PITTICITE. Min., p. 589; App. II., p. 44. 
 
 Plagiocitrite. Sandberger ; Singer, Inaug. Diss., p. 13, Wtirzburg. 
 Monoclinic or triclinic. In microscopic crystals. G. = 1'881. Color .emon yellow. 
 Translucent. Taste astringent. Analysis (after deducing 9 '85 p. c. hygroscopic water): 
 
 S0 3 Al,0 3 Fe,0 3 FeO NiO CoO MgO CaO Na 2 K 2 H,0 
 35-44 14-37 7-95 1'64 0-97 0-58 1-19 0'43 4'04 4'23 29-42 = 100-26. 
 
 Formula R. 2 SO 4 + [R 2 ] S0 n + 9aq. Easily soluble in water, the solution giving an acid 
 reaction ; by boiling, Fe 2 3 separates out free from S0 3 . Decomposes on exposure, becom- 
 ing orange yellow. B. B. swells up, fuses in its own water of crystallization, and leaves a 
 reddish brown spongy residue. Occurs with other related sulphates at the Bauersberg 
 near Bischofsheim vor der Rhon ; derived from the decomposition of pyrite. 
 
APPENDIX in. 95 
 
 PLAGIONITE. Min., p. 89; App. II., p. 44. 
 
 PLATINUM, Min., p. 10; App. II., p. 44. Russia, v. KoJcscharof, Min. Russl., vii., 143, 
 1875. -o. Jeremejef, Verb. Min. Ges. St. Pet., II., xiv., 155, 1879. 
 
 (Eisenplatin) from Nischne Tagilsk, Terrell, C. R.,lxxxii., 1116, 1876; made artificially, 
 Daubree, C. R., Ixxx., 526. 1875. 
 
 Ural, 
 
 Nu<_ 
 
 1881. "Weight 104-4 grams. G. = 17*35 of platinum; G. = 10*446 of mass consisting of 
 46 p. c. of platinum^ and 54 p. c. of chromite. 
 
 iiibree, C. K., Ixxx., 5^6. 1870. 
 
 Ural, associated with chrysolite, serpentine, chromite, Daubree, C. R., Ixxx., 707, 1875. 
 Nugget found near Pittsburgh, N. Y., analysis by Collier, Am. J. So., III., xxi., 123, 
 31. Weight 104-4 grams. G. = 17-35 of platinum; G. = 10*446 of mass consisting of 
 
 PLUMBALLOPHANE. App. I., p. 12. 
 PLUMBIODITE. App. II., p. 44. 
 PLUMBOCUPRITE. App. II. , p. 44. 
 
 Plumbomanganite. Hannay, Min. Mag., i., 151, 1877. 
 
 Massive, crystalline. G. = 4*01. Color dark steel gray, with a bronze tinge when 
 exposed to the air for some time. Analysis gave : Mn 49-00, Pb 30'68, S 20-73 100*41, 
 for which the formula 3Mn 2 S + PbS is suggested. [An imperfect description of a single 
 specimen of doubtful homogeneity and uncertain source is not a satisfactory basis for a 
 new name.] 
 
 Plumbostannite. A. Raimondi, Mineraux du Perou, p. 187, 1878. 
 
 Amorphous; structure granular. H. 2. G. = 4*5 (too low because of intermixed 
 quartz). Lustre feebly metallic. Color gray. Feel greasy, like graphite. Slightly duc- 
 tile. Intimately mixed with small crystals of quartz. Analysis (deducting 38 '8 p. c. 
 quartz) : 
 
 S Sb Sn Pb Fe Zn 
 
 25-14 16-98 16-00 30-66 1018 0-.74 = 100. 
 
 B. B. gives on charcoal antimonial fumes and a lead coating; yields metallic tin. Dis- 
 solves completely in HC1 to which a little HN0 3 has been added. With concentrated nitric 
 acid leaves a white residue of the oxides of tin and antimony and lead sulphate. From the 
 district of Moho, province of Huancane, Peru ; occurs with cassiterite and sphalerite. [Prob- 
 ably not homogeneous.] 
 
 POLLUCITE, Min., p. 249. dry st., Elba, Corsi, Z. Kryst., vi., 200, 1881. 
 
 Anal., Elba, Rammelsberg (Ber. Ak. Berlin, 1878, 9,: Si0 2 [48*15], Al a 3 16-31, Cs 2 
 
 30-00, Na 2 2-48, K 2 0*47, H 2 2-59, corresponding to H 2 R 2 [Al 2 ]Si 5 15 . G. = 2*868 ; 
 another analysis is given in ib., 1880, 669. 
 
 POLYARGYRITE. App. I., p. 12. 
 
 POLYCRASE, Min., p. 523; App. II., p. 44. Cryst., Brogger, Z. Kryst., in., 484, 1879. 
 Anal., Smaland, Sweden, Blomstrand, Minnesskrift Fys. Sfillsk., Lund, 1878, p. 19 (Z. 
 Kryst., iv., 524). 
 
 Polydymite. II. Laspeyres, J. pr. Chem., II., xiv., 397, 1876. 
 
 Isometric; in octahedrons, frequently in polysynthetic twins, often tabular. Cleavage 
 basal imperfect. H = 4-5. G. = 4-808-4-816. Lustre brilliant metallic on fresh fracture. 
 Color light gray, easily tarnished. Analyses, 1, 2, Laspeyres, on 0-28 and 0-2 gr. : 
 
 S M Co Fe Sb As 
 
 1. 40*27 53-51 0-01 3'84 0-51 1-04 = 99*78. 
 
 2. 39-20 53-13 4*12 1-15 2*30 = 99-90. 
 
96 APPENDIX III. 
 
 After deducting impurities (gersdorffite, ullmannite 5 p. c.), anal. 1 becomes S 41*09, Ni 
 54-30, Co 0-63, Fe 3*98 = 100, and from this the ratio is obtained, R : S = 4 : 5-096, cor- 
 responding to Ni 4 Si 5 = S 40-55, Ni 59 -45 = 100. 
 
 Insoluble in HC1, soluble in HNO :i with separation of sulphur. B. B. decrepitates, in 
 the closed tube gives a sulphur sublimate and fuses to a dark green magnetic bead. 
 Occurs intimately mixed with gersdorffite, ullmannite, millerite, siderite, quartz, sphalerite, 
 galenite, bismuthinite, and other minerals, at Grunau, in Sayn-Altenkirchen, Westphalia. 
 [Closely related to beyrichite (App. L, p. 3), if not identical with it.] 
 
 Laspeyres (ib., p. 408) expresses the opinion that the nickelwismuthglanz, or saynite of 
 von Kobell (griinauite of Nicol, Min. p. 47), from the same locality, isapolydymite/impure 
 through the admixture of bismuthinite, also chalcopyrite, and galenite. This, considering 
 the distinct crystalline form of the mineral, seems, as urged by Kenngott (J. Min., 1878, 
 180), to be doubtful, although perhaps true of the massive mineral analyzed by von Kobell. 
 
 POLYHALITE, Min., p. 641; App. II., p. U.PrecM (Ber. Chem. Ges., xiv., 2138, 1881) 
 gives the following description of KRUGITE, a supposed new mineral near polyhalite, found 
 at the salt works of New Stassfurt : Crystalline. H. 3 -5. G. = 2-801. According to a 
 microscopic and optical examination, a homogeneous compound. Analyses: 
 
 CaS0 4 MgS0 4 KoS0 4 H 2 NaCl 
 
 1. 63-15 13-71 18-60 416 0"38 = 100. 
 
 2. 63-85 13-34 17-85 4-20 0-80 = 100-04. 
 
 Calculated formula : KoS0 4 -f MgS0 4 + 4CaS0 4 + 2aq, requiring : CaS0 4 62-24, MgS0 4 
 13-74, KoS0 4 19-90, H 2 412 = 100. In cold water the magnesium sulphate is dissolved, 
 and gypsum and the double salt K 2 S0 4 + CaS0 4 + 2aq are left insoluble; in hot water the 
 magnesium and potassium sulphates are dissolved out, and only thegypsumls left behind. 
 Named for the Mining Director, D. Krug, v. Nidda. 
 
 Posepnyte. J. von ScJirocldnger, Verh. G. Reichs., 1877, 128. 
 
 In plates and nodules, sometimes brittle, sometimes hard. Color generally dirty light 
 green. G. = 0-85-0-95. Separated by ether into two parts; analyses by Dietrich, (1), of 
 the portion soluble in ether ; (2), the insoluble portion : 
 
 C H 
 
 1. 71-84 9-95 1821 = 100. 
 
 2. 84-27 11-74 3'99 = 100. 
 
 The insoluble portion is regarded as being ozocerite, and for the rest the formula 
 C 22 H 36 4 is calculated, requiring, C 72-52, H 9-89, 17-59 = 100. From the Great 
 Western mercury mine, Lake Co., California. 
 
 PREDAZZITE. Min., p. 708; App. II., p. 45. 
 
 PREHNITE, Min., p. 410; App. II., p. 45. Cryst., Zoptau, v. Rath, Z. Kryst., v., 254 
 1880. 
 
 Pyro-electrical properties, Hcmkel, Wied. Ann., vi., 55, 1879. 
 
 Anal, (and cryst.), Tuscany, Corsi, Boll. Com. Geol., 1878, 54; 1879, 155. Monte 
 Catini (prehnito'id), Bechi, Z. Kryst., iv., 399; Trans. Accad. Line., III., iii., 114. 1879. 
 Kuchelbad, near Prague, Preis and Vrba, Ber. Bohm. Ges., 1879, p. 468. Between Huan- 
 cavelica and Ayacucho, Prov. d'Angaraes, Peru, anal, (by Saldan), Raimondi, Min. Perou, 
 313, 1878. Templeton, Canada, Harrington, Geol. Canada, 1878. 
 
 Chlorastrolite (Min., p. 412) is shown by Hawcs (Am. J. Sc., III., x., 25, 1875) to be 
 essentially &B impure prehnite. An analysis gave him: SiO 3 87*41, AljO 3 24-62, fce a Ui 
 2-21, FeO 1-18, MgO 3-46, CaO 22-20, Na',0 0-32 (|), H 2 7-72 = 99-75. A microscopic 
 examination proved the want of homogeneity. 
 
 Zonochlorite (Appendix II., p. 63) is probably also an impure prehnite; Haws (Am 3. 
 Sc., III., x., 24, 1875) obtained from an analysis of a dark green specimen: Si0 2 3 94, 
 A1 2 3 19-41, Fe.,0, 6-80, FeO 4-5 K MgO 2-48, CaO 22-77, Na 2 tr., H a O 8-40 = 100-34. 
 Microscopic examination showed the presence of green earthy particles as impurities, dis 
 seminated through a white mineral. 
 
APPENDIX in. 97 
 
 PRICEITE, App. II., p. 45. A mineral, apparently identical with priceite, has been called 
 PANDERMITE by wm Rath, Ber. nied. Ges. Bonn, July 2, 1877. Massive, finely crystal- 
 line resembling marble. Color snow white. H. = 3. G. 2'48. Calculated composition, 
 Ca.BoOn + 3aq= B,0 3 55-85. CaO 29'79, H 2 14-36 = 100. Analyses, 1, vom Rath; 2, 
 Pis'ani, Min., p. 215, Paris, 1875 
 
 Bo0 3 CaO FeO MgO K 2 H,0 
 
 1. [54-59] 29-33 0'30 0-15 0-18 15-45 = 100. 
 
 2. [50-1] 32-0 17-9 = 100. 
 
 Occurs in more or less irregular lumps or nodules of varying size up to a ton, in gray 
 gypsum, at Panderma, on the Black Sea. 
 
 Proidonina PROIDONITE. A. Scacchi, Att. Accad. Napoli, vi., 1873 (Contrib. Min., ii., 
 65). 
 
 Silicon fluoride (SiF 4 ), observed in the exhalations at Vesuvius at the time cf the 
 eruption in 1872. 
 
 PROUSTITE, Min., p. 96; App, II., p. 45. Cryst., Chanarcillo, Chili, Streng, J.- Min., 
 1878, 900. 
 
 PSEUDOAPATTTE, Min., p. 531. Pseudomorphous after pyromorphite, from the Chur- 
 prinz mine, near Freiberg; analysis: P a 8 39'28, CaO 56'66, SO 3 l-4i, C0 2 [2'G4], Cl tr. 
 = 100, Frenzel, Min. Petr. Mitth., iii., 364, 1880. 
 
 Pseudobrookite. A. Koch, Min. Petr. Mitth., i.. 77, 344, 1878; Gonnard, Mem. Ac. 
 Lyon, xxiv., 161, 1879-80; Schmidt, Z. Kryst., vi., 100, 1881. 
 
 Orthorhombic ; in thin tabular (parallel *-f) rectangular crystals, resembling some forms 
 of brookite. Planes (Groth, Z. Kryst., iii., 306), i-l, i-t, I, *-2, l-l, ^-4, 1-fc, 1-3; w A / 
 = 135 54', i-l A 1-2 = 138 41'. Cleavage brachydiagonal, distinct; i-i vertically stri- 
 ated. II =6. G. 4*98. Lustre adamantine on crystalline faces, on fracture surfaces 
 greasy. Color dark brown to black ; the thinnest crystals red and translucent. Streak 
 ochre yellow. Fracture uneven to subconchoidal. 
 
 Analysis (on 01 gr.) : TiO, 52-74, Fe 2 O 3 42 -29, ign. 0'69, A1 2 3 , CaO, MgO, Si0 2 tr. = 
 95*72; the state of oxidation of the iron is in doubt. The author regards it as dimor- 
 phous with menaccanite. B. B. nearly infusible; reacts for iron and titanium with the 
 fluxes. Decomposed in part by boiling II Cl, wholly so by H 2 SO 4 . Found with szaboite, in 
 cavities in the andesite of the Aranyer Berg, Transylvania; also with szaboite and tridy- 
 mite in the trachyte of Riveau Grand, Monte Dore. 
 
 Groth (1. c.) shows that the crystallographic determinations of Koch are faulty, and that 
 the crystals may be referred to the axes of brookite by making i-l the basal plane, with 
 which it may be identical, only differing in the large amount of iron. Vom Rath, how- 
 ever (Ber. nied. Ges. Bonn, March 3, 1879), thinks this improbable, on the ground that, 
 with this change of position, the analogy with brookite in the vertical striation would no 
 longer exist ; he also urges that, as yet, no one of the three forms of Ti0 2 has been found in 
 volcanic rocks. 
 
 Pseudocotunnite. A. ScaccJii, Att. Accad. Napoli, vi., 1873 (Contrib. Min., ii., 38). 
 Observed in acicular yellow opaque crystals, destitute of lustre, accompanying cotunnite, 
 at Vesuvius, as a result of the eruption of 1872. Composition probably PbCl 2 + KC1. 
 
 PSEUDOMALACHITE, Min., p. 568; App. II., p. tf.Schrauf (Z. Kryst., iv., i., 1879) uses 
 Bernhardi's name, LUNNITE, for the group of minerals which have been included (see Min.) 
 under PSEUDOMALACHITE, on the hardly sufficient ground that the latter name suggests only 
 the indistinctly crystalline or massive forms, which resemble malachite. For the crystalline 
 varieties, which are pseudo-monoclinic (triclinic), have G. = 4-4, and correspond mostly to 
 Cu 5 P 2 H 4 12 , he uses the name dihydrite (D); they show no loss at 200. The names 
 ehlite (E) and phosphorocalcite (P) he gives to the compounds CuaP 2 H fl Oi 3 and Cu 6 P 2 H r) Oi4, 
 respectively, and regards the three as entering in varying proportions to form the different 
 massive varieties ; the latter have a lower specific gravity, and lose water on ignition at 
 200. Analyses: 1, "dihydrite," crystalline variety from Rheinbreitbach ; 2, "ehlite," in 
 
 7 
 
98 APPENDIX III. 
 
 light grayish green hemispherical forms, from Ehl ; 3, pseudom&lachite, resembling mala- 
 chite in structure, from Nischne-Tagilsk ; 4, spherical form, with concentric structure, 
 deep emerald green, from Libethen. 
 
 P,0 5 CuO H 2 
 
 1. G. = 4-309 23-86 69 -25 6'76, FeO 0-19 = 100-06. 
 
 2. G. = 4-102 22-07 66-97 7-59, FeO 0-30, SiO, 3-01 = 99-94. 
 
 3. G. =4-175 23-23 6902 8-09 = 100-34. 
 
 4. G. = 4-156 22-16 69-11 8-02, FeO 0-22, Si0 2 0-11 = 99=62. 
 
 According to Schrauf's view, anal. 1 corresponds to a molecular mixture of 3D -\- IP; 
 2, after deducting 8*8 p. c. chrysocolla (CuH 2 Si0 4 + aq), to simply "dihydrite;" 3, to 
 I) + E 4- P; 4, to 4P + 2E + D; where the letters D,E,P have the values explained above. 
 [A more extended chemical study of these minerals, with regard to the possible mechanical 
 mixtures in the massive varieties with concentric structure, is needed to establish the value 
 of this very artificial hypothesis.] 
 
 Pseudonatrolite. Grattarola, Att. Soc. Tosc., iv., 229, 1879 (Boll. Com. Geol., 1872, 
 284). 
 
 Orthorhombic(?). In minute, needle-like crystals, 0*5 mm. thick; crystals not termin- 
 ated, six planes in the prismatic zone. Extinction parallel to the axis. H. = 5-6. Lustre 
 vitreous to pearly. Colorless, white in the mass. Analysis : 
 
 Si0 2 A1 2 3 CaO MgO Li s O,Na 2 0,K 2 H 2 
 (I) 62-64 14-76 8'54 tr. ~T5T~ 14-82 = 101-76 
 
 B. B. fuses less readily than natrolite. Partially soluble in HC1. From the granite of 
 San Piero, Elba. [Needs further examination.] 
 
 PSEUDOPHITE. See Penninite, p. 90. 
 
 PSILOMELANE, Min., p. 180. Salm Chateau, Belgium, analyses, discussion of composi- 
 tion, Laspeyres, J. pr. Ch., II., xiii., 1, 176, 1876. Laspeyres mentions especially the 
 "lithium-psilomelane," or LITHIOPHORITE, as described by Frenzel (App. I., p. 9). 
 
 'According to Weisbach, the kakochlor, from Rengersdorf, near Goiiitz, belongs with 
 lithiophorite. An analysis by Iwaya is quoted by him (J. Min., 1878, 846), and a second is 
 quoted by Frenzel, J. Min., 1880, ii., 113 (see also J. Min., 1879, 55). 
 
 A variety of psilomelane, from Kalteborn, is called CALVONIGRITE by Laspeyres, J. pr. 
 Ch., II., xiii., 226, 1876. 
 
 Psittacinite. F. A. GentTi, Am. J. Sc., III., xii., 35, 1876. New tellurate of lead and 
 copper, id., Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., xiv., 229, 1874 (Appendix II., p. 55). 
 
 In thin crypto-crystalline coatings, sometimes small mammillary or botryoidal ; also pul. 
 verulent. Color siskin-green to olive-green, sometimes with grayish tint. Analyses, 
 Genth (1. c.), on material more or less impure through admixture of quartz and limonite : 
 
 V 2 5 PbO CuO H.,0 Si0 2 Al,0 3 Fe 2 3 MgO CaO 
 1. 15-87 42-89 14-72 undet. 10-10 3-83 2-19 0-65 0'15. 
 
 2. 14-64 41-36 14-34 7'42 15 "13 1-29 2'72 undet. 
 
 3. 15-77 42-38 15-03 7-25 15-57 4-00. 
 
 4. 9-96 27-12 9-75 undet. 48'84. 
 
 5. 19-05 50-17 16-66 undet. 7'60. 
 
 The mean quantivalent ratio deduced from the above for Pb : Cu : V : H = 1 : 0'98 : 2-25 : 
 2-15=9:9:20:18, corresponding to the formula 3Pb a Vo0 8 + Cu 3 V.,0 + 6CuII 2 2 + 
 12aq, which requires : V 2 5 19-32, PbO 53-15, CuO 18-95, H 2 8'58 = 100. Related to 
 
APPENDIX in. 99 
 
 chileite, Min., p. 612. B. B. fuses easily to a black, shining mass. Reacts for lead, cop- 
 per, and vanadium with the fluxes. Soluble in dilute nitric acid. 
 
 Occurs associated with gold, cerussite, chaleopyritc, and limonite, on quartz, at the Iron 
 Rod mine, and New Career mine, in the Silver Star District, Montana. Named from psit- 
 tacinus, siskin or parrot green. 
 
 at the 
 
 PYRARGYRITE, Min., p. 94; App. II., p 45. Cryst., Audreasberg, vom Rath, Pogg. Ann., 
 clviii., 422, 1876. Chanaroillo, Chili, Streny, J. Min., 1878, 913; also anal. (p. 916) show- 
 ing 3*8 p. c. As. Andreasberg, Freiberg, etc., Groth, Min.-Samml. Strassburg, p. 62, 
 
 1878. 
 
 PYRICHROLITE. App. II., p. 45. 
 
 PYRITE, Min., p. 62 ; App. II., p. 45. Cryst., Waldenstein, Carinthia, ffelmhacker, 
 Min. Mitth., 1876, 1:3. V. Kolcscharof, Min. Russl., viii., 190, 1878. Groth, Min.-Samml. 
 Stnissburg, p. 31, 1878. Ordubad, Russian Armenia, Websky, ZS. G. Ges., xxxi., 222, 
 1879. Przibrarn, Vrba, Z. Kryst., iv., 357, 1880. . Bockstein, Salzburg, v. Zepharovich, 
 Lotos, 1875 (Z. Kryst., v., 270, 1880). Crystallo-genetic observations, Scharff, Abh. Senck. 
 Ges., 1878. 
 
 Recent formation at Bonrbonne-les-Bains, DaubrSe, C. R., Ixxx., 605, 1875. 
 
 Analyses, Girard and Moriit, Ann. Oh. Phys., V., vii., 229, 1876. 
 
 PYRITOLAMPRITE. App. II. , p. 46. 
 
 PYROAURITE, Min., p. 179. Described by Reddle (Min. Mag., ii., 107, 1878), from the 
 island of Haaf-Grunay, Scotland. Occurs in thin seams in serpentine. Structure obscurely 
 fibrous. Color silvery white. Lustre pearly. Analyses : 
 
 Fe,0 3 MgO H.,0 C0 2 
 
 1. 22-13 37-80 39-27 1-0:3 = 100-22. 
 
 2. 22-45 37-57 39*51 1-03 = 100-56. 
 
 3. 23-63 36-^5 40-02 = 100-50. 
 
 B. B. infusible, becomes chocolate brown, and strongly magnetic. Soluble in acids. 
 Heddle proposes to call this mineral IUELSTROMITE (after the discoverer), instead of pyroau- 
 rite, on the ground that the golden color is not essential. 
 
 PYROCHLORE, Min., p. 512; App. II., p. 46. See Ilatchettolite, p. 56. 
 
 PYROCHROITE, Min., p. 177. Mossgrufva, Wermland, Sjogren, Geol. For. Forh., ii., 531, 
 1875 ; in., 181, 1876; iv., 159, 1878. Nordenskidld (anal, by Stahre), iv., 163, 1878. Oc- 
 curs with manganosite (q. v.). 
 
 Pyroconite. See Pachnolite, p. 88. 
 
 Pyro'idesine. C. U. Shepard, Cat. Meteorites, 1872. A substance near serpentine. The 
 mean of two analyses gave : SiO a 42-45, MgO 33-07, FeO 6*85, H 2 16 '40. De Regla, 
 Cuba. 
 
 PYROLUSITE, Min.. p. 165 ; App. II., p. 46. Formed artificially, Hannay, Min. 
 
 Groth shows (Min.-Samml. Strassburg, p. 112, 1878), on the basis of measurements by 
 Hirsch, that /A /= 99 30 . 
 
 Composition of the "Braunstein" group discussed, Laspeyres, J. pr. Ch., II., xiii., 176, 
 215, 1876. 
 
100 APPENDIX III. 
 
 From Gosalpur, Jabalpur distr., India, anal. F. R. Mallet, Rec. Geol. Surv. India, xii. 
 99, 1879. 
 
 PYROMORPHITE, Min., p. 535; App. II., p. 45. Cry st., Mine Friedrichssegen, in Nassau, 
 Seligmann, Verb. Nat. Ver. Bonn, xxxiii., 257, 1876. 
 
 Baumhauer shows by the results of etching with solvents, that the crystals are pyramid- 
 ally hemihedral, J. Min., 1876, 411. 
 
 On the relation of uniaxial pyromorphite to biaxial mimetite, Bertrand, Bull. Soc. Min., 
 iv., 36; Jannettaz, ib., p. 39, 1881; Jannettaz and Michel, ib., p. 196 (see Mimetite, 
 p. 81). 
 
 Anal., Dernbach, Nassau, Bilger, J. Min., 1879, 133. 
 
 Pyrophosphorite. (7. U. Shepard, Jr., Am. J. Sc., III., xv., 49, 1878. 
 
 Massive, earthy. H. = L-3'5. G. = 2-50-2-53. Color snow-white, dull; also in part 
 bluish gray, with small botryoidal structure. Analyses : Shepard (1. c.), 1, mean of two 
 analyses ; 2, same, after deducting impurities. 
 
 P 2 5 MgO CaO Fe 2 3 ,Al 2 3 S0 3 Si0 3 ign. 
 
 1. (f) 50-80 3-09 44-46 0'44 0'63 O'i6 0'39 = 100-17. 
 
 2. 51-67 3-17 45-16 = 100. 
 
 From 2, above, the following formula is calculated : Mg 2 Po0 7 + 4(Ca 3 P,O, + Ca 2 P 2 7 ), 
 which requires : P 2 5 51 '57, CaO 45^0, MgO 3 23 = 100. Named in allusion to its appar- 
 ent composition as a pyrophosphate. From the West Indies ; exact locality, unknown. 
 [Was the material analyzed homogeneous ? Needs further examination.] 
 
 PYROPHYLLITE, Min., p. 454; App. II., p. 46. Analyses, Helmliacker, Min. Petr. Mitth., 
 ii., 256, 1879. Dewalque, Bull. Soc. Geol. Belg., vi., 150, 151, 1879. As petrifying mate- 
 rial, Oenth, Am. Phil. Soc. Philad., xviii., 259, 1879. A related mineral from Delsbo, 
 Helsingland, Jolin, Geol. For. Forh., i., 237, 1873. 
 
 PYROSMALITE, Min., p. 414; App. II., p. 46. Nordmark, anal, and discussion of compo- 
 sition, Ludwig, Min. Mitth., 1875, 211. Occurrence at the Kogrufva (formerly Bjelkes- 
 grufva), Nordmark, Sjogren, Geol. For. Forh., ii., 409, 1875. Dannemora, Sweden, anal., 
 Engstrdm, Geol. For. Forh., iii., 116, 1876. 
 
 PYROSTILPNITE, Min., p. 93. Probable occurrence at Schemnitz, Hungary, Becke, Min. 
 Petr. Mitth., ii., 94, 1879. 
 
 A mineral from Chanarcillo, Chili, is described by Streng as pyrostilpnite (J. Min., 1878, 
 917) ; but Schrauf shows that it has the same form as rittingerite, as determined by him 
 (J. Min., 1879, 144), and the true character of it is still in doubt, Streng, J. Min., 1879, 
 547. 
 
 PYROXENE, Min., p. 212; App, II., p. 46. Cryst. (augite), Bell, near Laach, Laspeyres, 
 Z. Kryst., i., 203, 1877. Nordmark, Sjogren, Geoi. For. Forh , iv., 364, 1879. Achmatowsk, 
 Ural, lamellar twin growth, vom Rath, Z. Kryst., v., 495, 1881. Nordmark, Lehmann, 
 Z. Kryst., v., 532, 18S1. Von Kokscharof, Min. Russl., viii., i234, 1881. 
 
 Thermo-electrical characters, Hankel, Wied. Ann., i., 279, 1877. 
 
 Augite and biotite crystals, in parallel position, do. hornblende, Vesuvius, vom Rath, 
 J. Min., 1876, 389. Analyses of augite and hornblende associated together, Hawes, Am. 
 J. Sc,, III., xvi., 397 (Report Min. Lith. New Hampshire, p. 63). 
 
 Anal, (diopside), Nordmarksberg, Nauckhoff, Geol. For. Forh., i., 167, 1873. Langban 
 (richterite), Engstrom, Geol. For. Forh., ii., 469, 1875. Finland (malacolite), CEfv. Finsk. 
 Vet. Soc., xvii., 70, 71, 1874-5. Santorin, Fouqut, C. R., Ixxx., Mar., 1875. Altered to 
 uralite, Harrington, Geol, Canada, 1878. Kaiserstuhl (3 -55 p. c. Ti0 2 ), Knop, Z. Kryst., 
 i., 64, 1877. Wallenfels, near Dillenburg (chromdiopside), Oebbeke, Z. Kryst., ii., 104. 
 Dun Mt., New Zealand, Hilger, J. Min., 1879, 129. Amherst Co., Va., Page, Ch. News, 
 xlii., 194, 1880. Wiesenthal, Baden (diallage), Petersen, J. Min., 1831, 1, 264. 
 
 Analyses of Scottish varieties, with discussion of the products of alteration, Heddle, 
 Trans. Roy. Soc. Ed., xxviii., 453, 1878. 
 
 Discussion of composition, with analyses, Ddlter, Min. Mitth., 1877, 65; Min. Petr. 
 Mitth., i., 49, 1878; ii., 193, 1879; iii., 450, 1880. 
 
APPENDIX in. 101 
 
 Artificially made (augite), vom Rath, Ber. nied. Ges. Bonn, July 2, 1877; do., diopside, 
 Qruner, C. R., Ixxxvii., 937, 1878. 
 
 PYRRHITE, Min., p. 763; App. II., p. 46. See Microlite, p. 80. 
 
 PYRRHOTITE, Min., p. 58; App. II., p. 46. Cryst., twin, Elizabethtown, Ontario (anal, 
 by Harrington), E. S. Dana, Am. J. Sc., xi., 386, 1876. Bottino, Italy, Grattarola, 
 Boll. Com. GeoL, 1876; D'Achiardi, Att. Soc. Tosc., ii., 114, 1876.- Auerbach, Roth, Ber. 
 Oberhess. Ges. Nat. Heilk., 1878, 45. Chaiiarcillo, Chili, Streng, J. Min., 1878, 925. Streng 
 urges that pyrrhotite is isomorphous with sternbergite, and should be regarded as ortho- 
 rhombic, with pseudo-hexagonal symmetry due to twinning (see Sternbergite, p. 115. 
 
 Anal., Todtmoos (1'8 p. c. Ni), Mutschler, Ann. Ch. Pliarm., clxxxv., 208. American 
 specimens, containing Ni, How, Min. Mag., i., 124, 1877. Poison's Lake, N. S. (0'77 Ni), 
 Harrington, Can. Nat., II., ix., 307, 1880. 
 
 Analyses with discussion of composition, Lindstrom, (Efv. Ak. Stockh , xxxii., No 2, 
 25, 1875; Habermehl, Ber. Oberhess. Ges. Nat. Heilk., xviii., 83, 1879. 
 
 QUARTZ, Min., p. 189; App. II., p. 46. Cryst., La Gardette, Dauphine, twin (P2) 
 Gonnard, Verh. nied. Ges. Bonn, xxxi., 139, 1874. Japan, twin with inclined axes, vom 
 Rath, Pogg. Ann., civ., 57, 1875. Twin (i-2), Oroth, Pogg. Ann., clviii., 220, 1876. Ober- 
 stein, v. Lasaulx, J. Min.,' 1876, 264. On calcite crystals in parallel position, pseudo-twins 
 i-2, E. S. Dana, Am. J. Sc., xii., 448, 1816 (see also J. Min., 1876, 171, 405, 730). With 
 basal plane, Lehman, Ber. Nat. Ges. Leipzig, March 12, 1875 ; Naskelyne, Z. Kryst , i., 67. 
 Brazilian amethysts, Groth, Z. Kryst, i., 297, 1877. Pyrogene quartz in lava, Lehmann, 
 Verh. Nat. Ver. Bonn, xxxiv., 2)3, 1877. Kremnitz, vom Rath, Ber. nied. Ges. Bonn, 
 Dec. 3, 1877 (Z. Kryst , ii., 09, 1878). Groth, Min.-Samml. Strassburg, p. 92, 1878. Strie- 
 gau, Silesia, Websky, ZS. G. Ges., xxx., 374, 1878. Bohemia, Krejci, Ber. Ges. Bohm , 
 1879, 30. Reichenstein, Silesia, Hare, Z. Kryst., iv , 298. Zoptau, Moravia, vom Rath, 
 Z. Kryst., v., 1, 1830. Dissentis, vom Rath, Ber. nied. Ges. Bonn, Nov. 8, 1H80. Remark- 
 able crystals from Alexander Co., N. C., Hidden, Am. J. Sc., III., xxii., 23, 1881. Von 
 Kokschnrof, Min Russl., viii., 127, 1881. 
 
 Crystallo-genetie observations, Scharff, Abhandl. Senck. Nat. Ges., 1874; J. Min., 1876, 
 168. Containing liquid carbon dioxide (CO,,), ILniley, J. Ch. Soc., II., xiv., 137, 237. 
 Containing C0 2 and NaCl, from pegmatite, in Norway, 'Hcttand, Arch. Math. Nat. Christ. , 
 ii., 445, 1877. Middlefield, N. Y., inclosures, Hirschwald, J. Min., 1879, 378 ; Lewis, 
 Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil., 1880, 2<)3. Inclosing much C0 2 , Branch ville, Conn., and other 
 localities (smoky quartz\ Hawes, Am. J. Sc., III., xxi., 203, 1881. Analysis of gases in 
 Branchville smoky quartz (CO,,N,H 2 S,S0 2 ,1I 3 N,F), A. W. Wright, Am. J. Sc., III., xxi., 
 209, 1881. 
 
 Rotatory effect for heat rays of spectrum, Dcsains, C. R., Ixxxiv., 1056; same for 'ultra- 
 violet, Soret and Sarasin, ib ; , Ixxxiv., 1362. Accurate determination of indices of refrac- 
 tion for different rays, Sarasin, C. R., Ixxxv., 1230, 1878. Circular polarization for differ- 
 ent tempsraturcs, Joubert, C. R,, Ixxxvii., 497, 1878; Sohncke, Wied. Ann.,iii., 516, 1878; 
 von Lang, Pogg. Ann., clvi., 422, 1875. Pyro-electric characters, Hankel, Wied. Ann., 
 x., 618. Specific gravity determinations, Church, Geol. Mag., II., ii., 321, 1875. 
 
 Made artificially, Hautefeuille, C. R., Ixxxvi., 1133, 1194, 1878; xc., 830, 1880 (Bull. 
 So-. Min., i., 1, 1878); also Friedel and Sarasin, Bull. Soc. Min., ii., 113, 1879. 
 
 A variety of quartz, having a "peculiar metallic pearly lustre," and forming a coating 
 on ordinary quartz crystals, has been called COTTERITE by Harkness (Min. Mag., ii., 82,* 
 1878), from Rocki'ores't, Ireland. 
 
 An impure variety of silica, occurring in white earthy masses, is called PASSYITE by E. 
 Marchand, Ann. Ch., Phys., V., i., 292, 1874. 
 
 RABDIOiaTE. App. I , p. 13. 
 
 Rabdophane. See Rhabdopliane, p. 103. 
 
 RAIMONDITE, Min., p. 656. Optical characters, Des Cloizeaux, Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 41, 
 
 1881. 
 
 RALSTONITE, App. I., p. 13; II., p. 47. Analogous to garnet in optical character, bkx- 
 
102 APPENDIX III. 
 
 ial, with an angle of 90 (see p. 50), Bert-rand, Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 34, 1881. Accord- 
 ing to Brandt, quoted by Groth (Tabell. TI^I^ Mi r, AO io i6a^ tv. tno f. m ni a 
 is 3(Nao,Mg,Ca)F 2 + 8[A1 2 ]F C + 6H,0. 
 
 RAMMELSBERGITE, Min., p. 77; App. II., p. 47. Anal., Portezuelo del Carrizo, Dept. of 
 Huasco, Chili, Domeyko, Min. Chili, 3d ed., p. 186, 1879. 
 
 Randite. A canary-yellow incrustation on granite, at Frankford, near Philadelphia, 
 Penn., is described by Konig (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1878, 408) as a hydrous carbon- 
 ate of calcium and uranium. He gives an analysis, made on a very small amount (0'047 
 gr.) of impure material : [C0 2 29-34], U 2 3 31 '63, CaO 32'50, H 2 6'68 = 100. T. D. Rand 
 (ib., 1880, 274) shows that the coating consists largely of calcite, and after this has been 
 removed by acetic acid, there remain the unattacked tufts of acicular crystals of randite ; 
 these, dissolved in hydrochloric acid, yielded largely of calcium and uranium, with a trace 
 of phosphoric acid, alumina, etc. He justly adds, that further investigation is needed to 
 establish the composition of the mineral. 
 
 RAUITE. App. II., p. 47. 
 
 REALGAR Min , p. 26. Oryst., Binnenthal, Groth, Min.-Samml. Strassburg, p. 20, 1878. 
 Fletcher, Phil. Mag... V., ix., 189, 1880. 
 
 Occurrence in trachyte, of Tolfa, Rome, Italy, Sella, Accad. Line. Trans., III., i., 66, 
 1877. In Iron Co., Utah, W. P. Blake, Am. J. Sc., III., xxi., 219, 1881. 
 
 Reddingite. Gr. J. Brush and E. S. Dana, Am. J. Sc., III., xvi., 120, 1878; ibid., 
 xvii., 365, 1879. 
 
 Orthorhombic, habit octahedral. Axes, c (vert.) :b: a = 1 '0930 : 
 1-1524:1. Observed planes (see figure): \(p\ 1-2 (q\ i-l(b}. 
 I A /= 1)8 6', p A p = 114 44' and = 103 10' (terminal) = 110 
 43' (basal); q/\ q = 144 30'. Also granular, massive. Cleavage 
 distinct in one direction. H. = 3-3 5. G. = 3 102. Lustre vitre- 
 ous to sub-resinous. Color pale rose-pink to yellowish-white, 
 sometimes dark reddish-brown on surface from alteration. 
 Translucent to transparent. Fracture uneven. Brittle. For- 
 mula: Mn 3 P 2 O 8 + 3aq. Percentage composition : P 2 5 34'72, MnO 
 f>2-08, H 2 O 13 20 = 100. Analyses: 1, II. L. Wells, after deduct- 
 ing 12-08" p. c. quartz ; 2, after deducting 4-43 p. c. quartz. 
 
 P 8 6 FeO MnO CaO Na 2 H Q 
 
 1 (|) 34-52 5-43 46-29 0'78 31 (Li 2 tr.) 13-08 = 100'41. 
 2. 35-16 789 43"22 0'71 12*27 = 99-25. 
 
 In the closed tube, first whitens, then turns yellow, and finally brown, but does not 
 become magnetic. Fuses in the naked lamp-flame. B. B. colors the flame pale green, and 
 fuses easily to a blackish-brown non-magnetic globule. Reacts for manganese and iron 
 with the fluxes. Soluble in acids. Occurs sparingly at Branch ville, Fairfield Co., Conn., inti- 
 mately associated with fillowite, fairfieldite, dickinsonite, in a vein of albitic granite. Black 
 octahedral crystals, pseudomorphs after reddingite, are also found. Named from Redding, 
 the name of the town in which the locality is situated. 
 
 In crystalline form, reddingite is closely related to scorodite and strengite, but differs 
 from them in composition, containing but three equivalents of water, and having the 
 metals in the protoxide state. 
 
 REDONITE. App. I., p. 13. 
 Reichardtite. See Epsomite, p. 42. 
 
 Reinite. K, v. Fritsch, Z. gesammt. Nat. III., iii., 864, 1878; LMcckc, J. Min., 1879, 
 286 
 
 ~ Tetragonal: c (vert.) = 1-279 (approx.). In octahedral crystals, with l-i as narrow 
 truncation ; 1 A 1 = 122 8' (basal) = 103 32' (pyr.). Cleavage, /, indistinct, H. = 4. 
 
APPENDIX in. 103 
 
 G. = 6-640. Lustre dull, submetallic. Color blackish brown. Streak brown. Opaque, 
 except in the thinnest splinters. Fracture uneven. Analysis, E. Schmidt : 
 
 WO 3 FeO 
 
 75-47 24-33 CaO, MgO tr. = 99'80. 
 
 Formula : FeWO, = W0 3 76/31, FeO 23'68 = 100. Same composition as wolframite, 
 but differs in form ; probably isomorphous with scheelite and wulfenite. B. B. fuses 
 to a dark brown slaggy bead, which is not magnetic. With salt of phosphorus in 0. F., 
 brownish red, in R. F., with metallic tin, grayish green. In aqua regia dissolves, with 
 the separation of yellow tungsten trioxide. Occurs with large quartz crystals, from 
 Kimbosan, in Kei, Japan. Named for Prof. Rein, of Marburg, who brought the mineral 
 from Japan. [A pseudomorph ?J 
 
 REISSITE, App. I. , p. 14. See EpistilUte, p. 42. 
 RESANITE. App. II., p. 48. 
 
 RESIN. Anal., Greenland, Chydenius, Geol. For. Forh., ii., 549, 1875. Oberschlesien, 
 v.Lasaulx, Z. Kryst., v., 345, 1881. For various fossil resins, see list on p. xiii, 
 
 RESTORMELITE. App. I., p. 13. 
 
 RETINITE. Pitchstone (Des Cloizeaux, Min., p. 346), from Russia, anal., Pisani, Bull. 
 Soc. Miii., ii., 42, 1879. 
 
 RIIABDITE. A mineral (anal, by Carnot : Fc 84-28, P 12'10, As 1-65, S 1'75, C tr. - 
 99 - 78) formed by combustion in the coal mines of Commentry, France, is referred by Mal- 
 lard (Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 230, 1881) to the meteoric mineral called rhabdite by Rose. 
 
 Rhabdophane. Lettsom, Z. Kryst., iii., 191, 1878 ; L. de Boisbaudran, C. R., Ixxxvi., 
 1028, 1878. 
 
 Named from two specimens in the Oxford University collection, which have for fifty 
 years gone by the name of blende, from Cornwall : exact source unknown. By a spec- 
 troseopic examination Lettsom has found it to give the absorption bands of didym'ium and 
 erbium, and concludes that it is a phosphate of those bases. Boisbaudran remarks that 
 monazitc gives the same results with the spectroscope, so tliat rhabdophane might be a 
 variety of that species. Bertrand finds that the mineral is uniaxial and positive (Bull. 
 Soc. Min., iii., 58, 1830) ; an analysis gave : P 2 5 27'70, Ce d O s (Di a O 8 ,La a O s ) 67-20. In 
 optical character, it is shown, consequently, to agree not with monazite, but with crypto- 
 lite and phosphocerite (Min., p. 529), with which it has the same composition. 
 
 RHAGITE. App. II., p. 48. 
 RHODITE. App. II., p. 48. 
 
 RHODOCHROSITE, Min., p. 691 ; App. II., p. 48. Cryst., Daaden, Rheinprovinz, Weiss, 
 ZS. G. Ges., xxxi., 801, 1879. Eleonore mine (Louise mine, according to Seligmann), Hor- 
 hausen, Sansoni, Z. Kryst., v., 250, 1880. 
 
 Pseudomorph after alabandite and barite, Doll, Verh. G. Reichs.,' 1875, 95. 
 
 Anal., Moat-Fontaine, Ardennes, de Koninck, Bull. Ac. Belg., II., xlvii., 568, 1879. 
 
 A variety of rhodochrosite has been called MANGANOSIDERITE by Bayer (Verh. Nat. Ver. 
 Briinn, xii., Mav 10, 1873). In appearance it resembles sphrerosiderite. An approximate 
 analysis gave: MnC0 3 54-0, FeCO 3 38 '8, CaC0 3 6-84, MgC0 3 tr., corresponding nearly to 
 2MnC0 3 + FeCO 3 . From Dobschau, Felsobanya, Nagybanya, Kapnik, in Hungary. 
 
 Deposits of a ferriferous manganese carbonate, at Moe't Fontaine (Rahier), Belgium, are 
 described by Firket, Mem. Soc. Geol. Belg., v., 33, 1878 ; Bull. Soc. Geol. Belg., vi., 152, 
 1879. Penfield has analyzed a variety from Branchville, Conn., with 16 76 FeO, Am. J. 
 Sc., III., xviii., 50, 1879. For other intermediate varieties, see Siderile, p. 109. 
 
104 APPENDIX III. 
 
 RHODONITE, Min., p. 225. Oryst., Pajsberg, Sweden (pajsbergite), Sjogren, Geol. For. 
 Forh., v., 259, 1881. 
 
 Occurrence in the Ural, Lebedef, Verb. Min. Ges. St. Pet., II., xiii., 1, 1878. 
 
 Anal. (18 p. c. CaO = bustamite), Langban, Lindstrom, CEfv. Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxxv., 
 6, p. 57, 1880. 
 
 A variety of rhodonite from Franklin Furnace, N. J., is called KEATINGINE by Shepard 
 (Contrib. Min., 1876), it contains 5 6 p. c. ZnO (= fowlerite). 
 
 RIONITE. App. I., p. 14. 
 
 RIPIDOLITE, Min , p. 497; App. II., p. 48. See Penninite, p. 90. 
 
 RITTINGERITE, Min., p. 94; App. II., p. 48. Occurs at Schemnitz, Hungary, Becke, Min. 
 Petr. Mitth., ii., 94, 1879. 
 See also Pyrostilpnite, p. 90. 
 
 RIVOTITE. App. II., p. 48. 
 
 Rogersite. J. L, Smith, Am. J. Sc., III., xiii , 367, 1877. 
 
 Massive. As a thin mammillary crust on samarskite. H. =3-5. G-. = 3-313. Color 
 white. Analyses (stated to be only approximate) : 1, Cb 2 5 1810, Y 2 3 , etc. 60-12, H,0 
 17-41 95-63; 2, Cb 2 O 5 2021, H 2 16'34, Y 2 3 undet. Considered as a decomposition 
 product of samarskite, with which, and with hatchettolite, it occurs in Mitchell Co., N. C. 
 Named after Prof. Wm. B. Rogers. [Needs further examination.] 
 
 RCEMEEITE, Min., p. 655. Cryst., Ludecke, Z. gesammt, Nat., Ill, v., 407, 889, 1880. 
 
 RCEPPERITE. App. II., p. 49. 
 
 ROMEITE, Min., p. 547. According to Bertrand, the octahedral crystals are formed by 
 the grouping of 8 rhombohedral crystals of 90 about the central point, Bull. Soc. Min., 
 iv., 240, 1881. 
 
 Roscoelite. J. Blake, Am. J. Sc., III., xii., 31, 1876; Genth, ib., p. 32. H. E. Roscoe, 
 Proc. Roy. Soc., xxv., 109, 1876. Genth, Am. Phil. Soc. Philad., xvii., 119, 1877, or Z. 
 Kryst,, ii., 8, 1877. 
 
 Micaceous in structure ; basal cleavage perfect. Scales minute, often arranged in stel- 
 late or fan-shaped groups. Biaxial, acute bisectrix negative, normal to cleavage, p < v 
 (Des Cloizeaux, Bull. Soc. Min., i., 51, 1878; iv., 56, 1881). 
 
 Soft. G. = 2*902 (Roscoe); 2*921, 2-938, purest (Genth). Lustre pearly, inclining to 
 submetallic. Color dark clove brown to greenish brown, dark brownish green. Analy- 
 ses : 1, Genth (after deducting 0'85 gold, quartz, etc.); 2, 3, Roscoe. 
 
 Si0 2 Y 2 3 A1 2 3 Fe 2 3 Mn 2 3 FeO MgO CaO Na 2 K 2 Li 2 H 2 
 
 1 47-69 20-56 1410 1-67 200 .... 0-19 7'59 tr. 4 96 = 98'76. 
 
 2. 41-25 28-85 V 2 5 14-34 1'04 145 .... 1'96 0'61 072 8-25 94 hygrosc. 
 
 [water 2 -12 = 101 53. 
 
 3 28-36 V 2 5 13-94 1-23 0'85 .... 2'06 0'62 0'92 8'87 1'22 hygrosc. 
 
 [water 2 "42. 
 
 In his first paper, Genth gives five other analyses, made on material more or less impure. 
 He also announces the vanadium as present as V fi O n (= 2V 2 3 + V 2 5 ), but in the later 
 publication regards it possible that it is all V 2 3 ; he shows that the mineral is always more 
 or less impure through mechanical admixture, and on this ground questions the correctness 
 of Roscoe's results. Genth deduces the formula K(Mg,Fe)[Al,,V 9 l a SiiaO ss 4- 4aq, which 
 requires: Si0 2 49-33, ALO 3 14-09, V Q 3 20-62, FeO 1'64, MgO 1'83, K 2 7'55, H a O 4 94 = 
 100. Roscoe, on the other hand, makes the mineral a vanado-silicate, thus : 4A1V0 4 + 
 K 4 Si,,0 20 + aq, which requires : SiO 2 41-18, V,0 5 2763, Al,0 8 15-59, K 2 14-24, H 2 1-36 
 = 100. B. B. fuses easily to a black glass. Gives with salt of phosphorus a dark yellow 
 bead 0. F., and an emerald green bead R. F. Only slightly acted upon by acids. 
 
APPENDIX m. 105 
 
 Occurs intimately mixed with gold in seams (-^ to -/o in. thick) in porphyry, and filling 
 cavities in quartz, at the gold mine at Granite Creek, near Coloma, El Dorado Co., Cali- 
 fornia ; also from Big Red Ravine, near Sutter's mill, where gold was first discovered in 
 California (Hanks, Min. Sc. Press, June 25, 1881). Hanks remarks, that at the Granite 
 Creek locality, some 400 or 500 Ibs. of the mineral have been discovered, which were wasted 
 in the extraction of the gold. 
 
 G-enih also describes (1. c.) a mineral occurring in the Magnolia District, Colorado, as a thin 
 earthy incrustation, of a grayish to olive green color on calaverite, also inclosed in quartz, 
 and giving it a green color. An analysis of the quartz gave : Quartz 79 '38, Te 1 '05, Au 
 0*03 = 80'46; the balance (19-5 p. c.) is assumed to belong to the green mineral which 
 forms the coloring matter. An analysis of this, after the deduction of the quartz, gave (mean 
 of 5 partial analyses) : Si0 2 56-74, A1 2 O 3 19'62, V 2 O 3 7-78, FeO 3'84, MgO 2'63, Na-,0 0'94, 
 K,0 8-11, MnO/LiaO tr., H 2 undet. = 99-66. Genth regards this as probably closely re- 
 lated to roscoelite, perhaps a variety. 
 
 ROSELITE, Min., p. 560; App. II., p. 49. Analyses by Winkler, J. pr. Ch. II., xvi., 86, 
 1877 (quoted by Weisbach, Jahrb. Berg.-Hiittenwesen, 1877). 
 
 As,0 5 CoO CaO MgO H 2 
 
 1. 52-93 10-56 24-93 395 8'35 = 100-72. 
 
 3 52-41 10-03 25-17 4-22 8-22 = 100'OS. 
 
 These correspond to the formula : R 3 As 2 O 8 + 2aq (not 3aq, Schrauf ) ; if Ca : Co : Mg = 
 10:3 : 2, then the formula gives : As 2 5 52'39, CoO 10*25, CaO 25'51, MgO 3-65, H a O 8'20 
 = 100. 
 
 Rosterite. See Beryl, p. 13. 
 
 ROSTHORNITE. App. II., p. 49. 
 
 Rubislite. Neddie, Trans. Soc. Edinb., xxix., 112, 1879. 
 
 A dark green compact granular or fine foliated aggregate. G. = 2 '44. Analysis : Si0 2 
 37-85, AL0 3 10-92, Fe 2 3 9*84, FeO 9'01, MnO 0'46, CaO 4-22, MgO 8-00, K 2 3 33, H 2 
 16-13 99-76. Completely decomposed by hydrochloric acid. B. B. fuses to a brown slag. 
 From the granite of Rubislaw, near Aberdeen, Scotland. [To be classed with the already 
 too large list of doubtful substances of the so-called " chlorite group."] 
 
 RUTILE, Min., p. 159; App. II., p. 49. Cryst.,-paramorphs after arkansite (brookite), 
 Magnet Cove, vom Rath, J. Min., 1876, 397; pseudomorphs after hematite, Binnenthal, id., 
 Z. Kryst., i., 13, 1877, and eightlings from Magnet Cove, Ark., ibid., p. 15. (Ilmenorutile), 
 Wschi woi-See, Ilmen Mts., v. Jeremejef, Verh. Min. Ges. St. Pet., II., xii., 284; xiii., 419; 
 xiv., 239. Associated with magnetite in parallel position, Binnenthal, Seligmann, Z. Kryst., 
 i., 340, 1877. In splendent crystals, from Alexander Co., North Carolina, Hidden, Am. J. 
 Sc., III., xxi., 159, 1881. 
 
 Mallard includes rutile among the pseudo-tetragonal minerals (Ann. Min., VII., x., 
 134, 1876); see also Brookite, p. 18. 
 
 As a microscopic constituent of rocks, Sauer, J. Min., 1879, 569 (see zircon) ; 1880, i., 
 94; 1881, i., 227. 
 
 Janovsky (Ber. Ak. Wien, Ixxx., 34, 188C) has given the name ISERIT to what he regards 
 as a new titanate. It was found among the black grains of the so-called "iserin " of the 
 Iscrwiese, Bohemia. It is distinguished from the true iserin by the absence of conchoidal 
 fracture and the brown color. In thin fragments it is honey yellow. Crystalline form 
 like rutile, occasionally in twins ; cleavage imperfect. G. = 4 52. Analysis : Ti0 2 70-01 (|), 
 FeO 28-68 (%), MnO 1-41, MgO 0'32, Cb 2 5 ,Si0 2 0-44=99-73, corresponding to the for- 
 mula : FeTi. 2 O 5 . [Groth (Z. Kryst., v., 400) justly remarks that the mineral is not far from 
 the ferruginous rutile called nigrine, and that a more exact determination as to form, 
 homogeneity, etc., is needed to prove its independent character. If it is an independent 
 species the name is an unfortunate one, as tending to confusion with the distinct iserin, 
 also called iserite.] 
 
106 APPENDIX III. 
 
 SAHLITE. See Pyroxene, p. 100. 
 SAL AMMONIAC. App. II., p. 49. 
 
 SAMARSKITE, Min., p. 520; App. II., p. 49. Cryst. description, Mitchell Co., N. Caro- 
 lina, E. S. Dana, Am. J. Sc., 111., xi., 201, 1876. 
 
 Analyses, Mitchell Co, N. C. : 1, Miss E. H. Swallow, Proc. Nat. Hist. Bost., xvii , 
 424, 1875. 2, 0. D, Allen, Dana's Text-Book Min., 1877, p. 340, and Am. J. Sc. Ill 
 xiv., 130, 1877. 3, J. L. Smith, Am. J. Sc., III., xiii., 362, 1877. 4, Rammelsberq, ZS. G. 
 Ges., xxix., 817, 1877. 
 
 Ta 2 O 5 Ca 2 O 5 SnO 2 ,WO 3 UO 3 Ce 2 O 3 (Di 2 La 2 ,O 3 ) Y 2 O 3 FeO MnO CaO H 2 O 
 
 1. 54^96 0-16 9-91 UO 5-17 CeO 12/84YO 14'02 0'91 0'52MO 0'66, 
 
 [insol. residue from cerium oxalate 1'25 = 100'40. 
 
 2. (|) 18-20 37-50 0-08 12'54 4'17 14'48 10'75 0'78 0'55 1-12 
 
 3. 55-13 0-31 10-96 4'24 14"49 1174 1'53 MgO tr. G'72 
 
 f- 99-12 
 
 4. G. = 5-836 14-36 41 '07 0"16 10'90 2'37 6'10 14'61 Fe 2 O 3 , Er a O 3 10'80, TiO 2 
 
 [0-56 tj3iO 2 ) = 100-93. 
 
 Anal, of Miask samarskite, Rammelsberg, ZS. G. Ges., xxix., 817, 1877. 
 
 Examination of the earths contained in samarskite from North Carolina : J. L. Smith 
 (" mosandrum ")T C. R., Ixxxvii., 146, 148, 831, 1878. Delafontaine (terbium), Bibl. Univ., 
 II., Ixi., 273, 1878 ; id. (decipium, phillipium), ib., III., iii., 246, 250, 1880; C. R., xciii., 
 63, 1881. Same subject discussed by Marignac, Bibl. Univ., III., iii., 413, 1880. 
 
 Damour (Bull. Ac. St. Pet., xxiii., 463, 1877) shows that the VIETIXGHOFITE of v. Lomo- 
 nossof is essentially a ferruginous variety of samarskite. Amorphous. H. = 5 -5-6. G. = 
 5 '53. Color black, dull. Streak brown. Lustre submetallic. Easily decomposed by 
 HoS0 4 . An analysis gave: Cb,0 5 51-00, Ti0 2 1-84, ZrO., 0'9G, U,0 3 8 '85, Y.,0, 6-57, 
 Ce,(Di,La) 2 3 1-57, FcO 23'00, MnO 2 '67, MgO '83, ign. 1-80 = 99-09. Locality near 
 Lake Baikal, in the Ural. 
 
 SAPONITE, Min., p. 472 ; App. II., p. 49. Analyses, from igneous rocks in Scotland, 
 Heddle, Trans. Soc. Edinb., xxix., 91 et seq., 1879. See also Bowlingite, p. 17. 
 
 Sarawakite. Frenzel, Min. Mitth., 1877, 100. Occurs in minute crystals, with many 
 planes and rounded angles, "probably tetragonal." Soft. Lustre adamantine. Colorless 
 or wine yellow to greenish yellow. Transparent. Contains antimony, anhydrous. Found in 
 cavities in the native antimony of Borneo. [Needs further examination. Senarmontite ?] 
 
 SARCOPSIDE. App. I., p. 14. 
 
 SAUSSURITE. Anal., Midsaterfjeld, Bergen, Norway, Hjortdahl, Nyt. Mag. Nat,, xxiii., 
 1877. Analyses quoted, and discussion of the relations between the different varieties, J. 
 D. Dana, Am. J. Sc., III., xvi., 340, 395, 1878. 
 
 SAYNITE. See Poly dy mite, p. 95. 
 
 SCAPOLITE, Min., p. 317; App. II., p. 50. Analyses, Rossie, N. Y., Sipocz, Min. Mitth., 
 1877, 266. Boxborough, Mass., Becke, 1877, 267. Various Canadian localities, F. D. 
 Adams, Am. J. Sc., III., xvii., 315, 1879. Bamle, Norway, Michel-Levy, Bull. Soc. Min., 
 i., 43, 1878. Monzoni, Kiepenheuer, Ber. nied. Ges. Bonn, Aug. 4, 1879. Malsjo, Arendal, 
 and Gouverneur, Sipocz, Min. Petr. Mitth., iv., 265, 1881. 
 
 Adams calls attention to the fact that unaltered scapolite uniformly contains chlorine 
 (up to 2-48 p. c.). The presence of this element is also shown by>Neminar in meionite, 
 and by Sipocz and Becke (1. c.). 
 
 See also Meionite, p. 74. 
 
 A scapolite from Gal way, Ontario Co., Canada, has been called ONTARIO LITE by C. U. 
 Shepnrd (Am. J. Sc., III., xx., 54, 1880). It occurs in prismatic crystals in a limestone; 
 the color is black or gray, from the presence of admixed impurities. The pure portions 
 
APPENDIX III. 107 
 
 are transparent and colorless, H. = 7-7 '5. [The value of an approximate analysis given 
 is destroyed by the impurity of the material analyzed ; thus far it has no claim to be con- 
 sidered an independent species.] 
 
 SCHEELITE, Min , p. 605; App. 
 Samml. Strassburg, p. 157, 1878. 
 
 . II., p. 50. Cryst., Untersulzbachthal, etc., Grofh, Min.- 
 
 Absorption bands in spectrum (Ce, La, Di), Cossa, Accad. Line. Mem., III., iii., 24, 31, 
 1878. 
 
 Occurrence with gold, Charity mine, Warren's, Idaho, and Golden Queen mine, Lake 
 Co., Col , Silliman, Am. J. So., III., xiii., 451, 1877. From the Victoria Reef mine, 
 Adelong, New South Wales, Liversidge, Proc. Hoy. Soc. N. S. W., Nov. 8, 1880. 
 
 SCACCHITE. App. II., p. 50. 
 
 SCHIRMERITE. App. II., p. 50. 
 
 Schneebergite. A. Brezina, Verh. Geol. Reichs., 1880, 313. 
 
 Isometric ; in small (O'5-l mm.) octahedrons. Cleavage dodecahedral in traces. H. 6 '5. 
 G. = 4*1 (Weidel). Lustre vitreous to adamantine. Color honey yellow. Transparent. 
 Fracture conchoidal. Brittle. Consists principally (Weidel) of lime and antimony, with 
 a little iron, and traces of copper, bismuth, zinc, magnesia, and sulphuric acid. B. B. 
 infusible, becomes slightly brown. Insoluble in acids. Found by Lhotsky, at Schneeberg, 
 Tyrol, near the union of anhydrite (or gypsum) with chalcopyrite and magnetite. [Needs 
 further examination. Perhaps related to atopite, p. 10.] 
 
 SCHORLOMITE, Min., p. 390. According to JCnop, does not occur at Oberschaffhausen, in 
 the Kaiserstuhl (Z. Kryst., i., 58, 1877); but the mineral which has received that name is 
 either a titaniferous melanite or pyroxene. 
 
 Intimately associated with melanite, Magnet Cove, Ark., Konig, Proc. Acad. N. Sc. 
 Phil., 1876, 36. 
 
 Schraufite. J. von SchrocMnger, Verh. Geol. Reichs. , 1875, 134. 
 
 A mineral resin occurring in small masses and in layers, in the schistose sandstone (Car- 
 pathian sandstone), near Wamma, in Bukowina. H. = 2-3. G. =r 1-0-1*12. Color hya- 
 cinth to blood red. Translucent. Fracture semi-conchoidal to splintery. Melting point 
 326 , when decomposition goes on. Partially soluble in alcohol, benzol, and chloroform ; 
 completely soluble in sulphuric acid, the larger portion of the resin separating as a grayish- 
 yellow slimy mass, upon dilution with water. Analysis by Dietrich : 
 
 C H 
 
 73-81 8-82 17-37. 
 
 Formula: C,,H 1B O a , requiring : C 73-33, H 8'89, 1778 = 100. With this resin corre- 
 spond also a resin from Mizun and Iloflein, and less closely others from the neighborhood 
 of Lemberg. Schrockinger proposes to include the several occurrences under the name 
 Schraufite, after Prof. A. Schrauf, of Vienna. The same resin occurs in the Libanon, 
 according to John (Verh. G. Reichs., 1876, 255); see also Bronner, Wiirtt. Nat. Jahresb., 
 xxxiv., 81, 1878. 
 
 SCHREIBERSITE. Min., p. 61 ; App. II., p. 50. 
 
 SCHROCKERINGERITE. App. II., p. 50. 
 
 SCHWARTZEMBERGITE, Min., p. 120.- Optically uniaxial, negative, Bertrand, Bull. Soc. 
 Min., iv., 87, 1881. 
 
 ^ SCOLECITE, Min., p. 428; App. II., p. 50. Cryst., L&decke (J. Min., 1880, ii., 200; 1881, 
 ii., 1) distinguishes between the monoclinic (Iceland and Kandallah) and triclinic (from the 
 
108 APPENDIX m. 
 
 Schattige Wichel, Fellinen Alp, Faroe, and Etzlithal) varieties, and makes them isomor- 
 
 phous with similar varieties of mesolite. 
 
 Pyro-electrical characters, Hankel, Wied. Ann., vi., 56, 1879. 
 
 Anal. (Bechi), Casarzia, Liguria, Issel, Boll. Com. Geol., 1879, 530. Etzlithal, Schmid, 
 
 Ber. Jenaisch. Ges. Med. Nat,, July 9. 1880. Schattige Wichel, Fellinen Alp, LudecJce 
 
 J. Min., 1881, ii., 19. 
 
 SCORODFTE, Min.. p. 574. Cryst. 3 Beresofsk, Ural, v. Kokscharof, Min. Russl., vi.,307, 
 1874. Dernbach, Nassau, v. Lasaulx, J. Min., 1875, 629; vom Rath, J. Min., 1876, 394. 
 Anal., Distr. Lucma, Peru, Raimondi, Min. Perou, p. 228, 1878. 
 Made artificially, Bourgeois and Verneuil, Bull. Soc. Min., iii., 32, 1880. 
 See also Strengite and Reddi 
 
 An earthy mineral, formed from the decomposition of arsenopyrite, and referred to 
 scorodite, has been called JOGYNAITE by N. v. Nordenskidld. Occurs with beryl at Adun- 
 Tschilon, Nertschinsk. See v. Kokscharof, Bull. Acad. St. Pet., xix., 571, 1873. 
 
 SCOLOPSITE. See Ittnerite, p. 63. 
 
 SEEBACHITE, App. II., p. 50. See Herschelite, p. 57. 
 
 SELLAITE, App. I., p. 14. The corresponding compound, MgF 2 , made artificially, Cossa, 
 Accad. Line. Mem., III., i., 33, 1876, or Z. Kryst., i., 207, 1877. 
 
 Corrections of angles and symbols previously given, Struver, Att. Accad. Torino, xii., 
 59, 1876. 
 
 SELWYNITE, Min., p. 509; App. I., p. 19. According, to a microscopic examination by 
 Ulrich, a mixture, consisting of a felsite-like base, with hydrous chromic oxide and occa- 
 sional octahedrons of chromite, Am. J. Sc., 111., xi., 235, 1876. 
 
 Semseyite. Krenner, Ungar. Revue, 1881, 367. Briefly announced as containing sul- 
 phur, antimony, and lead, and related \o plagionite, from Wolfsberg, in the Harz. Oc- 
 curs in gray crystals, with diaphorite, sphalerite, and pyrite, at Felsobanya. 
 
 SEXARMONTITE, Min., p. 184. According to Mallard (Ann. Min., VII., x., 108, 1876\ 
 pseudo-isometric, the crystals being made up of 48 triclinic individuals. The same sub- 
 ject has been investigated by A. Grosse-Bohle (Z. Kryst., v., 222, 1880); he concludes that 
 the species is to be regarded as monoclinic, and the crystals made up of 12 individuals 
 (including those parallel, 24), twinned parallel to and 1 ; he however suggests, in conclu- 
 sion, that the optical anomalies may have another explanation, and the mineral still be 
 included in the isometric system. An examination of artificial crystals of arsenolite led 
 to similar results. 
 
 SEPIOLITR, Min., p. 456. A fibrous variety from Utah, analyzed by Chester, Am. J. Sc., 
 III., xiii., 296, 18 < 7. 
 
 SERICITE, Min., p. 487. A massive muscovite, as shown by Laspeyres (Z. Kryst., iv., 
 244), who explains the varying results of earlier investigators by the greater or less impu- 
 rity of the substance examined. He regards it as having owed its origin to the alteration 
 of feldspar. On the sericite from the Taunus, see Wichmann, Verh. Nat. Ver. Bonn, 
 xxxiv., 1, 1877. 
 
 SERPENTINE, Min., p. 464 ; App. II., p. 51. Description and analyses : Pusunsaari, Un- 
 gern, Schildt, CEfv. Finsk. Vet. Soc., xvii., 70, 1874-75. Zoblitz, Greifendorf, Waldheim, 
 Lemberg, ZS. G. Ges.,xxvii., 531, 1875. New Jersey, Berwerth, Min. Mitth., 18/5, 110. 
 Vosges, Weigand, Min. Mitth., 1875, 183. Northern Norway, Pettersen, J. Mm., 18 < 6, 
 613. Nordmark, Lvndstrom, Geol. For. Forh., iii., 191, 1876. Langban, Wermland (7 -8 
 p. c. MnO), Paijkull, Geol. For. Forh., iii., 351, 1877. Verrayes, Val d'Apsta, Cossa, 
 Accad. Line. Mem., III., ii., 933, 1878. Reichenstein, Silesia, Hare, Inaug. Diss. Breslau, 
 

 
 APPENDIX m. 109 
 
 1879 (Z. Kryst iv., 294). Florida, Mass, (picrolite), anal, by Melville, Wadswortli, Bost. 
 Soc. Nat. Hist., xx., 286, 1879. 
 
 Microscopic examination, metaxoite, picrofluite, Wiik, (Efv. Finsk. Yet. Soc., xvii., 8, 
 
 1874-75. 
 
 A serpentinous mineral is called TOTAIGITE by Heddle (Trans. Soc. Edinburgh, xxviii., 
 455, 497, 1878). It appears as a pseudomorphous substance surrounding malacolite, in a 
 granular limestone ; resembles danburite, from Danbury, Ct. Lustre weak, glimmering. 
 Color pale fawn, sometimes blue-black. Cleavage distinct. Fracture conchoidal. Soft. 
 Often surrounded itself by yellow green or dark gray serpentine. Analyses: 1, fawn-colored 
 variety; 2, dark blue variety, on the surface ochre yellow; G. = 2-84-2 '893. 
 
 SiO 2 A1 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na 2 O K 8 O H 2 O 
 
 1. 37-22 0-76 .... 1-05 0'23 44'97 5'24 ........ 10'ti4 = lOO'll. 
 
 2. 36-19 0-26 0-29 2'96 0'45 45'57 3'27 0'42 0'25 10'20 = 99'87. 
 
 Locality Totaig, Ross-shire, Scotland. The author justly does not regard this as in any 
 sense a mineral species [but why should it receive a name ?]. Its method of occurrence 
 suggests that it is an intermediate product between the pyroxene and the final serpentine ; 
 but the author calls attention to the fact that it contains more magnesia than the last- 
 named species. 
 
 Serpierite. Des Cloizeaux, Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 89, 1881; Bertrand, ib. 
 
 Orthorhombic ; in minute tabular (0) crystals elongated, of ten grouped in light tufts, and 
 striated in the direction of the shorter diagonal. Observed planes: 0, I, 1, also 1-$, f-, 
 probable, and fH, HM-t, 8-*, all doubtful. JA I- 98 42', A 1 = 115 32'. Optic- 
 axial plane macrodiagonal, bisectrix negative. 2H = 43 35'-44 20', and 2E = 65 57'- 
 67 10', red; dispersion p > v. Color greenish bluish. Transparent. In composition, 
 according to Damour, a basic sulphate of copper and zinc. [Needs further examination 
 on the chemical side.] From Laurium, Greece. 
 
 Siderazot. 0. Silvestri, Pogg. Ann., civil, 165, 1876. 
 
 A product of volcanic eruption, observed at Mt. Etna after the eruption of Aug., 1874, 
 as a very thin coating on lava. Non-crystalline. Lustre metallic, resembling steel. 
 Slowly attacked by acids. An analysis gave : Fe 90'86, N 9 '14 = 100, which corresponds 
 to Fe 5 N 2 , or that adopted by Fremy for the artificial iron nitride. 
 
 SIDERITE, Min., p. 688 ; App. II., p. 51. Anal., San Giovanni, Val d'Arno, Italy, 
 Orattarola, Boll. Com. Geol., 1876, 342. Felsobanya, anal, by Dietrich (27'7-44'4 p. c. 
 MnCO,), - Kapnik (3-98 MnC0 3 ), v. Schrockinger, Verh. geol. Reichs., 1877, 114. . New- 
 buryport, Mass., Miss E. H. Swallow, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvii., 464, 1875. 
 Earthy variety (amorphous), easily soluble in cold acids, from the Schwelm mine, Muck. 
 Z. Berg.-Hutt.-Sal.-Wesen, xxviii., 189, 1880. 
 
 Recent formation at Bourbonne-l'Archambault, Daubree, C. R., Ixxx., 1300, 1875. 
 
 See also Rhodochrosite, p. 103, for other intermediate compounds. 
 
 Sideronatrite. Raimondi, Mineraux du Perou, p. 212, 233, 1878. Domeyko 3d ed. 
 Min. Chili, p. 158, 1879. 
 
 In crystalline masses. H. = 2 '5. G. = 2153. Color dark yellow. Streak pale yellow 
 to yellowish white. Analysis : 
 
 S0 3 Fe 2 3 Na 2 H 2 
 43-26 21-60 15-59 15 -35, earthy matter 3-20, NaCl mechanically mixed 1'06 = 100-06. 
 
 Formula Na 2 SO 4 + [Fe 2 ]S 2 9 -f 6aq. Insoluble in water, but decomposed on heating, 
 with the separation of iron sesquioxide. Soluble in acids. From the mine San Simon, 
 Huantajaya, province of Tarapaca, Peru. 
 
 Another sulphate, almost identical with sideronatrite, has been called URUSITE by A. Fren- 
 zel (Min. Petr. Mitth., ii., 133, 359, 1879). Orthorhombic. Pulverulent, earthy; also in 
 lumps, but consisting of minute prismatic crystals with pinacoids, and also 7, 1, 1-f and 0. 
 Soft. G. =2-22. Color lemon to orange yellow. Streak ochre yellow. Transparent in 
 
110 APPENDIX in. 
 
 minute crystals. Calculated formula: Na 4 [Fe 2 ]S 4 17 + 8aq = S0 3 42'78, Fe 2 3 21-39, Na 2 
 16-58, H 2 O 19-25 = 100. Analyses, 1, 2; 1-, after deducting 3 p. c. insoluble: 
 
 S0 3 Fe,0 3 NaoO HoO 
 
 1. 42-08 21-28 16-50 1680 - 99'66. 
 
 2. 41-64 22-00 17-24 [19-12] = 100-00. 
 
 Insoluble in water, easily soluble in HC1. Decomposed in boiling water, with separation 
 of Fe.jOs. Found underlying deposits of iron vitriol (melanterite) on the Urus plateau, 
 near Sarakaja, on the naphtha island, Tscheleken, in the Caspian Sea. [Both of the above 
 sulphates are near the uncertain bartholomite of Cleve, App. II., p. 6.] 
 
 Siderophyllite. See under Mica Group, p. 80. 
 
 SIEGBURGITE, App. II., p. 51. Full description by v. Lasaulx, J. Min., 1875, 128. 
 
 Silaonite. See Guanqjuatite, p. 53. 
 
 Silberwismuthglanz. See Alaskaite, p. 3. 
 
 SILVER, Min., p. 9; App. II., p. 51. Cryst., twins, vom Rath, Z. Kryst., iii., 12, 1878. 
 Silver ores from Orenburg, v. Back, J. Min., 1876, 162. 
 
 S. B. Wight describes a supposed alloy of silver and copper (AgJ53 to 75 p. c.) of a light 
 brass color, and G. = 9 948, 9 -330; from the Detroit and Lake Superior Copper Co., Eng. 
 Min. J., xxx., 153, 1880. 
 
 SlMLAITE.-^App. II., p. 51 (44). 
 
 SIMONYITE. App I., p. 14; II., p. 51 (8). 
 
 Sipylite. J. W. Mallet, Am. J. Sc., Ill, xiv., 397, 1877; xxii., 52, 1881. 
 
 Tetragonal; in octahedrons. 1 A 1 (pyr.) 100 45' = 127 (basal). Cleavage 1, distinct. 
 Usually imperfectly crystalline, or in irregular masses. H. = 6 nearly. G. =4'89. 
 Lustre resinous and pseudo-metallic. Color brownish black to brownish orange ; in splinters 
 red brown. Streak light cinnamon brown to pale gray. Translucent. Fracture uneven, 
 and small conchoidal. Brittle. Analysis by W. G. Brown: 
 
 CbO 5 WO, SnO 2 ZrO 2 Eb 2 O 3 Ce 2 O 3 La 2 O 3 Di.,O 3 UO FeO BcO MgO CuO Na 2 O K 2 O H 2 O 
 48-66* 0-16 0-08 2'09 27"94t 1'37 3'93$ 4'06 3'47 2'04 0'62 0"05 2'61 0'16 O'OG 3'19 
 
 [MnO tr., Li 2 O tr., F tr. = 100'48. 
 * With Ta 2 O 6 about 2 p. c. t With Y 2 O 3 about 1 p. c. % Di a O a , tr. Ce Q O 3 , tr. 
 
 Taking together the acid oxides of columbium (niobium), tantalum, tungsten, tin, and 
 
 zirconium as M 2 5 , and reducing all the basic elements to the form RO, and neglecting 
 the water, the ratio RO :M 2 5 = 221 : 100 is obtained, which corresponds to the formula: 
 R 3 M 2 8 + 4RjM 2 7 . Mallet prefers to include the water, making the hydrogen basic, 
 and deduces on this supposition the formula : R 3 MoO s . This view, as he shows, is sup- 
 ported by the fact that in form sipylite is very near fergusonite. 
 
 B. B. decrepitates, and glows brilliantly, becomes pale greenish yellow and opaque; in- 
 fusible. In the closed tube gives off acid water. With borax in 0. F. gives a yellow 
 bead, pale on cooling; in R. F. assumes a greener tint. Boiled in strong HC1 partially 
 dissolves, the solution reacting for zirconium with turmeric paper; when metallic tin is 
 added and the solution diluted, a sapphire blue color is obtained (columbium). Decomposed 
 completely, though slowly, in boiling concentrated sulphuric acid. Occurs sparingly, im- 
 bedded in, or more commonly adherent to, masses of allanite and magnetite, at the north- 
 west slope of Little Friar Mountain, Amherst Co., Virginia. Named from Sipylus, one 
 of the children of Niobe, in allusion to the names niobium and tantalum. 
 
 Delctfontaine (C. R., Ixxxvii., 933, 1878) states that sipylite contains yttrium, erbium (in 
 small quantities), philippium (see samarskite), and also the ytterbium of Marignac (see 
 gadolinite). 
 
APPENDIX III. Ill 
 
 SKUTTERUDITE, Min., p. 71; App. II., p. 51. Anal., Ramsay, J. Ch. Soc., 1876, 153. 
 
 SMALTITE, Min., p. 70; App. II., p. 51. Bauer (ZS. G. Ges., xxvii., 245, 1875) questions 
 the conclusion of Groth as to the hemihedral character of the species, whilethe latter 
 gives further descriptions (Min.-Samml. Strassburg, 43, 1878) of hemihedral forms. 
 
 Found in Zapotlan, Jalisco, Mexico, Navia, Naturaleza, iv., 41, 1877. 
 
 Discussion of composition, Rammelsberg, Pogg. Ann., clx., 181, 1877. 
 
 SMITHSONITE, Min., p. 692; App. II., p. 52. Zinc ore deposits at Wiesloch, Baden, 
 Schmidt, Heidelberg, 1881. 
 
 SNARUMITE. See Anthopliyllite, p. 7. 
 
 SODA NITRE (Caliche), Min., p. 592. In South America, occurrence, exploitation, etc., 
 V. I, Olivier, Ann. Ch. Phys., V., vii., 289, 1876. Anal., Tarapaca, Peru, Raimondi, 
 Min. Perou, p. 289 et seq., 1878. Macliattie, Chem. News, xxxi., 263, 1875. 
 
 SODALITE, Min., p. 330; App. II., p. 52. Cryst., Is. Laaven, Langesundfiord, Norway, 
 Klien, J. Min., 1879, 534. 
 
 From Ditro, Transylvania, Koch, Min. Mitth., 1877, 332 ; J. Min., Beil.-Bd., i., 149, 
 1880. From Tiahuanaco, Bolivia, optical examination, Feussner, Z. Kryst., v., 581, 
 1881 ; analysis, Bamberger, ib., p. 583. 
 
 Sommarugaite. See Oersdorffite, p. 51. 
 Sonomaite. See Pickeringite, p. 93. 
 SPATHIOPYRITE. App. II., p. 52. 
 
 SPHALERITE, Min., p. 48.- Cryst., Groth, Min.-Samml. Strassburg, p. 23, 1878. Sade- 
 beck, ZS. G. Ges., xxx., 573, 1878. Hautefeuille, C. R., xciii., 774, 1881. 
 
 Elfect on indices of refraction of change of temperature, and of curving of surfaces of 
 prism, Calderon, Z. Kryst., iv., 504, 1880; Voigt, ibid., v., 113, 1880. 
 
 " Faserige blende," in part wurtzite, v. Lasaulx, J. Min., 1876, 629. Christophite, St. 
 Agnes, Cornwall, Collins, Min. Mag., 'iii., 91, 1879. 
 
 American blendes containing indium, Cornwall, Am. Chem., vii., 389, 1877; Norwegian 
 
 do., Wleugel, Nyt. Mag. Nat Christ., xxiv., 333, 1879. Gallium in sphalerite, from the 
 Pierrefitte mine, Vallee Argeles, Pyrenees, L. de 
 
 Boisbaudran, C. R., Ixxxi., 493, 1875. 
 
 Sphaerocobaltite. Weisbach, Jahrb. Berg.-Hiitt., 1877. In small spherical masses. 
 Crystalline in structure, both concentric and radiated. Externally velvet black; within 
 rose red. Streak peach-blossom red. H. =4. G. = 4'02-4'13. Formula : CoC0 3 = C0 2 
 36-94, CoO 63 06. Analysis, WinkJer: 
 
 C0 2 CoO Fe 2 3 CaO H 2 
 
 34-65 58-86 3 "41 1'80 1'22 = 99-94. 
 
 Iron hydrate is present in small quantity, as an impurity. B. B. in closed tube becomes 
 black. Attacked slowly by cold acids; rapidly with effervescence when warnied. Occurs 
 with roselite at Schneeberg, Saxony. 
 
 SPHENE. See Titanite, p. 122. 
 SPIAUTERITE. See Wurtzite, p. 132. 
 
 SPINEL, Min., p. 147; App. II., p. 52. Cryst., Albani Mts., Italy, Sella, Z. Kryst, i., 
 233, 1877. Polysynthetic twins, Struver, Accad. Line. Trans., III.,ii., 109, 1878. Tasch- 
 kent, v. Jeremejef, Verh. Min. Ges. St. Pet., II., xiii., 426; Z. Kryst., iv., 642. 
 
APPENDIX III. 
 
 Determinations of specific gravity, Church, Geol. Mag., II., ii., 322, 1875. 
 Made artificially, Meunier, C. R., xc., 701, 1880. Anal., Monte di Tiriolo, near Catan- 
 zaro, Mauro, Accad. Line Trans., III., in., 65, 1879. 
 See also Gahnite. 
 
 Spodiosite. H. V. Tiberg, Geol. For. Forh., i., 84, 1872. 
 
 Orthorhombic. In prismatic crystals, flattened parallel the brachypinacoid, with the 
 planes, i-l, I, 1, 2-4. J A i-f 13%, I A 1 = 96, 2-fc A 2-4 = 33 top. H. =5. G. = 
 2-94. Lustre dull porcelain-like, but vitreous. Color ash gray, inclining to brown. Streak 
 white. Fracture uneven. Brittle. 
 
 Analysis by C. H. Lundstrom : 
 
 P 2 O 5 CaO F As 2 O 5 CO 2 Cl Fe 2 O 3 A1 2 O, MnO MgO H 2 O insol. 
 
 32-20 49-81 [4-71]* 0'24 3'90 0'12 1'24 I'll 0'55 2*27 270 1'15 = 100. 
 * Including loss [bat the analysis should show an excess]. 
 
 Disregarding the calcium carbonate, the mineral consists essentially of calcium phos- 
 phate and calcium fluoride, in the ratio of 5 : 4 or 5Ca 3 P 2 8 + 4CaF 2 ; but the analysis 
 hardly gives a definite decision as to the true composition. 
 
 B. B. fuses in the thinnest splinters to a white enamel ; does not decrepitate. Soluble in 
 HC1 and HN0 3 , with effervescence. From the Krangrufva, Wermland, Sweden. Named 
 from 6it68io$, ash gray. [Perhaps a pseudomorph of apatite, after some other mineral.] 
 
 SPODUMENE, Min., p. 228. Analyses : 1, Pisani, C. R., Ixxxiv., 1509, 1877; 2, 3, Dolter, 
 Min. Petr. Mitth., i., 524, 526, 1878 ; 4, 5, Mien, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sc., i., 322, 1879; 
 6, Penfield, Am. J. Sc., III., xx., 259, 1880 ; 7, J. L. Smith, Am. J. Sc., III., xxi., 128, 
 188 1 ; 8, (tenth, priv. contrib. The spodumene from Pennikoja, in Somero, Finland, has 
 been analyzed by Cajander, (Efv; Ak. Finsk., xvii., 70, 1874-5. 
 
 SiO 2 A1 2 O 3 FeO MnO CaO MgO Li 2 O K 2 O Na 2 O ign. 
 
 1. Brazil, G. 3'16 63'80 27'93 1'05 0'12 0'46 6'75 89 = lOl'OO. 
 
 2. Norwich 63'79 27'C3 0'39 .... 0'73 0'21 7'04 0'12 MO .... = 100-41. 
 
 3. Brazil 63'34 27'66 1 15 0'69 7'09 0'98 = 100'91. 
 
 4. Goshen, G. = 3'19 63'27 23-73 Fe*O 3 1'17 0'64 O'll 202 6'89 1'45 0'99 0'36 = 100-68. 
 
 5. Chesterfield, G. = 3-185-3'201 61-86 23'43 Fe 2 O 3 2'73 1-04 079 1 55 6'99 1-33 0'50 0'46 = 100'68. 
 
 6. Branchville, G. = 3'193 (!) 64'25 27'20 Fe 2 O 3 0'20 7'62 tr. 039024= 99'90. 
 
 7. Alexander Co., N. C., Hiddenite, 
 
 G. = 3-152-8-189 64'35 28'10 Fe 2 Oo 0'25 . . . 7'05 0'50 0'15 = 100'40. 
 
 8. Alexander Co., N. C., Hiddenite, 
 
 G. = 3-166 63-95 26'58 Cr 2 O 3 18 I'll 6'82 0'07 T54 = 100'25. 
 
 All of these analyses correspond more or less closely to the true formula (Dolter) of the 
 species, viz. : LioAl 2 Si 4 Oi 2 ; note the chrqmium found by Genth in hiddenite (anal. 8). 
 
 The variety of spodumene from Alexander Co., N. 0. (anal. 7, 8\ occurs in prismatic crys- 
 tals from % inch to 3 inches in length. The crystals are often highly modified, show- 
 ing many planes not before observed on the species; they are often twins; the forms have 
 been described by E. S. Dana, Am. J. Sc., III., xxii., 179. Perfectly transparent, and 
 color from pale yellowish green to deep emerald green ; those of the latter color are highly 
 valued as gems, having a peculiar brilliancy, as compared with the emerald, in consequence 
 of the pleochroism; the largest stone cut thus far weighs nearly 2| carats. They occur in 
 cavities in a gneissoid rock, with emerald (q. v.), quartz, monazite, rutile, mica. The name 
 hiddenite was given by Smith, after W. E. Hidden, through whom they have been intro- 
 duced as gems, and who has succeeded in finding them in place ; those first found (by J. 
 A. D. Stephenson) were of a pale yellowish-green color, and were obtained loose in the 
 overlying soil. 
 
 The ALTERATION OF SPODUMENE at Goshen and Chesterfield, Mass., has been studied by 
 Mien, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sc., i., 318, 1879 ; that of the Branchville mineral has been 
 investigated by G. J. Brush and E S. Dana, Am. J. Sc., III., xx., 257, 1880 (or Z. Kryst., 
 v., 102). 
 
 According to Julien, the Chesterfield crystals are often of immense size, reaching a 
 length of 35 inches, and a diameter of 10 or 11 inches (see above 4, 5, for analyses of 
 unaltered material). Julien describes pseudomorphs after spodumene of cymatolite, of 
 killinite, of muscovite, of albite, of quartz, and of " vein granite." The substance (see 
 below) called cymatolite by Shepard, has a fibrous to wavy structure, silky lustre, white 
 -color; H. = l'5-2; G. = 2'696-2'700. The cymatolite from Goshen was earlier (Eng. Min. 
 
APPENDIX ITT. 
 
 113 
 
 J., xxii., 217) called AGLAITE by the same author. 
 2, Barrus Farm, Goshen ; 3, Chesterfield Hollow. 
 
 Analyses : 1, Manning Farm, Gosheii; 
 
 1. 58-51 
 
 2. Aglaite 58 -11 
 
 3. (5) 58-58 
 
 A1 2 3 
 21-80 
 24-38 
 
 22-28 
 
 Fe,0 3 
 0-85 
 1-66 
 1-77 
 
 MnO 
 0-29 
 0-18 
 0-15 
 
 MgO 
 1-44 
 0-75 
 0-45 
 
 * With nitrogenous organic matter 0'44. 
 
 CaO 
 084 
 0-48 
 0-93 
 
 Li a O 
 
 0-19 
 0-09 
 0-10 
 
 t Do. 0-43. 
 
 Na 2 
 
 6-88 
 2-57 
 9-08 
 
 K 2 
 
 8-88 
 4-48 
 
 H 2 
 
 2-40* = 99-88. 
 
 3-Olf = 99-61. 
 
 2-081 = 99-90. 
 
 ^ Do. undet. 
 
 The killinite has the following characters : H. 3-5; G. = 2 '623-2-652. Lustre dull 
 and greasy to vitreous. Color greenish gray to olive green and greenish black. Analysis, 
 Chesterfield Hollow : 
 
 Si0 2 
 46-80 
 
 A1 2 3 
 3252 
 
 FeO 
 2-33 
 
 MnO 
 004 
 
 CoO 
 
 0-04 
 
 MgO 
 
 0-48 
 
 CaO 
 0-77 
 
 Li 2 
 0-32 
 
 078 
 
 K 2 
 7-24 
 
 H 2 
 7-66, 
 
 organic 
 
 matter 1-14 
 [= 100-12. 
 
 Brush- and Dana describe, from Branchville, Ct., pseudomorphs after spodumene, of a 
 substance called ft spodumene (mixture of albite and eucryptite) of cymatolite (mixture of 
 albite and muscovite), of albite, of microcline, of killinite, of " vein granite. " The 1 orig- 
 inal crystals of spodumene (now mostly altered) were of great size, sometimes 4 feet long, 
 12 inches wide, and 2 to 4 inches thick. The unaltered spodumene occurring as a core in 
 many large crystals is transparent, and either colorless or of a fine amethystine purple; 
 for analysis see 6, above. 
 
 The first product of the alteration, resulting from the exchange of Na for one-half the 
 Li, is a substance called ft spodumene. It is compact, apparently homogeneous, with an 
 indistinct fibrous to columnar structure. H. = 5'5-6. G. = 2-644-2*649. Color white, 
 milky, or greenish white. Translucent. Fusibility, 2*25. Three analyses on material 
 from different crystals gave nearly identical results. It is decomposed by HC1 into two 
 portions, one soluble and the other insoluble. Analyses by Penfield : 1, "of the original 
 material; 2, the soluble portion (32-10 p. c., calculated to 100); 3, insoluble portion (67-56 
 p. c., calculated to 100) : 
 
 Si0 2 
 1. ^spodumene (|) 61-51 
 
 2. Soluble part 
 
 3. Insoluble part 
 
 48-13 
 68-18 
 
 AL0 3 
 2fi-r><} 
 40-50 
 20-07 
 
 Li 2 
 
 3-50 
 
 10-90 
 
 Na 2 
 8-14 
 
 11-75 
 
 KoO 
 0-15 
 0-47 
 
 ign. 
 0-29 
 
 100-15. 
 
 100. 
 
 100. 
 
 The whole has the composition (Li,Na) 2 Al 2 Si 4 0,, or Li 2 Al 2 Si 2 8 + Na 2 Al 2 Si 6 Oi, 
 insoluble part is albite (Na 3 Al 2 Si G Oi B ); the soluble 
 portion is a new mineral called eucryptite (e v, well, 
 KpvTCTo*, concealed), and has the composition Li 2 Al 2 
 Si 2 Ot.. Examined under the microscope in thin sec- 
 tions (1) parallel to fibres, the irregular interlacing 
 fibres of eucryptite are seen imbedded in albite; (2) 
 transverse to fibres, the eucryptite forms bands with 
 hexagonal outline (see figure), surrounded by albite, 
 like quartz in a " graphic granite." See also Eucryp- 
 tite, p. 44. 
 
 The second stage in the alteration is cymatolite ; it 
 results from ft spodumene, by the exchange of K for 
 the remaining Li, that is, the change of eucryptite to 
 muscovite. The cymatolite has a fibrous or wavy 
 structure. G. = 2-o92-2 699; color white or slightly 
 pinkish. Two analyses by Penfield, of independent 
 specimens, gave essentially identical results; one of 
 these is : 
 
 The 
 
 /^ 
 
 \< A/ST7 
 
 Si0 2 
 60-55 
 8 
 
 A1 2 3 
 26-38 
 
 MnO 
 0-07 
 
 Na 2 
 812 
 
 K 2 
 3-34 
 
 Li 2 
 0-17 
 
 H 2 
 
 165 = 100-28. 
 
114 
 
 APPENDIX III. 
 
 This corresponds to: (Na,K,H) 2 Al 2 Si 4 12 , or (K,E) 2 Al 2 Si 2 B -+ Na 2 Al,Si 6 16 . The 
 microscopic examination shows that cymatolite is not, as previously assumed, a simple 
 mineral, but, corresponding to the formula, a very uniform me- 
 chanical mixture of muscovite and albite. In some sections the 
 transitions from ft spodumene to cymatolite, i. e. , from eucryp- 
 tite to muscovite, are clearly seen. In other cases the muscovite 
 and albite have each segregated together, so that they are dis- 
 tinct. For example, in the figure, s = unaltered spodumene, 
 ft =fj spodumene, c = cymatolite, g = mica, a = albite. 
 
 As further steps in the alteration there result : albite, often 
 fibrous, like ft spodumene, also muscovite, and granular micro- 
 cline. Still again pseudomorphs occur of killinite. This often 
 retains the structure of the spodumene. The color is light bluish 
 green, to oil green and dark grass green. Analyses: 1, Penfield, 
 of variety showing prismatic structure ; 2, Dewey, of compact 
 variety. 
 
 Si0 2 
 
 1. 48-93 
 
 2. 53-47 
 
 A1 2 3 
 34-72 
 32-36 
 
 Fe 2 3 
 0-54 
 
 0-79 
 
 FeO 
 0-33 
 
 0-42 
 
 MnO 
 0-64 
 0-72 
 
 CaO 
 
 0-17 
 
 KoO 
 
 9-64 
 7-68 
 
 Na.,0 
 0-35 
 0-44 
 
 Li.,0 
 0-04 
 
 H 2 
 
 5-04 =-- 100-19. 
 
 4-07 = 100-16. 
 
 The examination of thin sections under the microscope showed a slight want of homo- 
 geneity, and also revealed a very fine scaly micaceous structure ; the killinite is doubtless 
 to be regarded as an impure compact muscovite, like most other members of the pinite 
 group. 
 
 The following scheme explains the above changes of the spodumene, supposing an ex- 
 change of the alkali metal: 
 
 2[Li 2 Al 2 Si 4 Oi 2 ] = [Li 2 Al 2 SinO rt + Na 2 AloSi 6 Oi fi ] ft spodumene. 
 Spodumene Eucryptite Albite 
 
 = [(K,H) 2 Al 2 Si 2 8 + Na 2 AloSi fi Oifl] cymatolite. 
 Muscovite Albite 
 
 = (K,H) 2 Al 2 Si 2 O t 
 
 Muscovite 
 (or killinite.) 
 
 Na 2 Al 2 Sir,O 1(i albite, 
 
 or K 2 ALSi G 16 microcline. 
 
 For further explanations reference must be made to the original papers. 
 STANNITE. Min., p. 68 ; App. II., p. 52. 
 
 STAUROLTTE, Min., p. 388 ; App. II., p. 52. Cryst.. v. KoJcscJiarof, Min. Russl., vii., 
 159, 1875; viii., 110, 1881. 
 
 New twins and drillings, Fannin Co., Ga., E. S. Dana, Am. J. Sc., III., xi., 384, 
 1875. 
 
 A related mineral is called XANTHOLITE by Heddle (Min. Mag., iii., 59, 1879). In 
 rough nodular crystals (monociinic ?), imbedded in biotite. Cleavage in one direction dis- 
 tinct. H. 6'7. Lustre vitreous to pearly. Color yellowish brown. Fracture conchoidal. 
 Analysis : 
 
 SiOo A1 2 O 3 Fe,0 3 
 27-12 45-91 8-64 
 
 FeO 
 6'91 
 
 MnO 
 0'53 
 
 CaO 
 3'67 
 
 MgO 
 4-41 
 
 H.,0 
 
 0-09 = 10016. 
 
 The material analyzed was not free from biotite. The larger crystals often contain 
 small imbedded crystals, with one perfect cleavage, and of a dark green color, which, it is 
 thought, may perhaps be the same mineral. Found with wollastonite, garnet, and zircon, 
 near Milltown, Loch Ness, Scotland. 
 
 [The composition of the mineral, as remarked by Heddle, is essentially that of stauro- 
 lite, and as the want of perfect homogeneity in the material analyzed is admitted, and as 
 
APPENDIX HI. 115 
 
 staurolite is a species which is conspicuous for its inclosing impurities, no good reason can 
 be given for separating this mineral from it. It does not deserve a name.] 
 
 Steatargillite. E. E. Schmid, Ber. Med.-Nat. Ges. Jena, July 9, 1880. A doubtful 
 substance, filling, with quartz and ferrite, the small amygdaloidal cavities in the porphy- 
 ritic rocks of the Hollekopf, at Kammerberg, and of the Tragberg, at Langewiesen, near 
 Ilmenau. Massive, earthy. H. = 125. G. = 2'29-2'46. Color white to light green. 
 Feel greasy. B. B. fuses to a greenish gray black specked enamel ; yields much water in 
 the tube, becoming black, and giving a bituminous odor. Analyses : 1, green, Hollekopf 
 (insol. 6 p. c.); 2, green, Tragberg; 3, white, Hollekopf (insol. about 2 p. c.) : 
 
 Si0 2 Fe,0 3 Alo0 3 FeO MgO CaO HoO 
 
 1. G =2-287 87-20 25'56 809' 3'78 15-56 0'98 8'70* = 99'36. 
 
 2. G. =2-465 32-77 17'73 1112 12-51 14-19 0'91 9'77f = 99-00. 
 
 3. G. =2-307 38-67 24'72 10'69 0'95 12'95 136 9-65J = 98'99. 
 
 * In vacuo, at ordinary temperature 1-91 ; at 100 C 3'90. t Do. 4-55, 2'52. J Do. 070, 7'27. 
 
 [The author justly remarks that the material analyzed was not homogeneous. This is 
 not a mineral species. Compare delessite, hullite (this App., p. 60), etc.] 
 
 Steeleite. See Morde.nite, p. 83. 
 
 STEPHANITE, Min., p. 106 ; App. II., p. 53. Cryst., Freiberg, Saxony, Groth, Min.- 
 Samml. Strassburg. p. (59, 1878. Przibram, Vrba, Z. Kiyst., v., 418, 1831. 
 Anal., Przibram, Kolar, Z. Kryst., v., 435, 1881. 
 
 STERCORITE, Min., p. 551. Anal., Guanape Islands, Raimondi, Min. Perou, p. 28, 1878. 
 STEKLINGITE. App. II., p. 53 (15). 
 
 STERNBERGITE,. Min., p. 54. Recent analyses of minerals identical with or closely related 
 to sternbergite : 1, Joachimsthal, Rammelsberg, Min. Chem. ~d ed., p. 66, 1875; 2, Andre - 
 asberg, Strong, J. Min., 1878, 794; 3, Joachimsthal, Janovsky, Z. Kryst,, iii., 187, 1878; 
 
 4, Freiberg (argyropyrite of Weisbach, see below), Winkler, Jahrb. Berg-Hiitt., 1878; 
 
 5, 6, Joachiinsthal (frieseite of Vrba, see below), Prcis, Z. Kryst., iii., 187, 1878. 
 
 S Ag Fe 
 
 1. 29-10 35-27 35-97 = 100-34. 
 
 2. 30-71 32-89 35'89, Cu 0-19 = 99'74. 
 
 3. 33-14 30-03 34-67, SiO, 1-32 = 99'16. 
 
 4. Argyropyrite, G. = 4'206 32 '81 29 '75 36 -28 = 98 '84. 
 
 5. Frieseite 33'0 29'1 37'4 = 99'5. 
 
 6. Frieseite 33*9 27 -6 37 -3 = 98 8. 
 
 To the above analyses, which show a continual increase in sulphur and iron, and a corre- 
 sponding decrease in silver, Vrba (Z. Kryst , iii., 186) adds the argentopyrite of v. Walters- 
 hausen, which gave him S 34'2, Ag 26-5, Fe 39 -3 ; Schrauf (Ber. Ak. Wien, Ixiv., 192, 
 18?1) has shown that this is not a pseudomorph (Min., p. 39>, but an independent species 
 (G. . 5'53) isomorphous with sternbergite. According to Streng (J. Min., 1878, 785), who 
 describes crystals of "Silberkies" from Andreasberg (anal. 2 above), the composition of the 
 above series of minerals may be expressed by the general formula Ag 2 S + j)Fe n S n . h 1, of 
 which the first member is acanthite, and the second pyrrhotite; on the ground of this 
 relation he is led to suggest that the latter mineral may be only pseudo-hexagonal (ortho- 
 rhombic), and then it would be isomorphous with acanthite. Vrba regards this sugges- 
 tion as not improbable. 
 
 Weisbach's argyropyrite (anal. 4, above) occurs at the Ilimmelfurst mine, at Freiberg, in 
 small crystals, orthorhombic but pseudo-hexagonal, through twinning. Cleavage basal, 
 perfect. H. = 2. G. 4 '206. Color on fresh fracture yellow bronze. Not brittle. 
 Weisbach also found smaller crystals of similar form aad cclor at Marienberg. H. = 4. 
 G. = 4-06-4-12. Brittle. 
 
116 APPENDIX III. 
 
 Vrba's frieseite (anal. 5, 6, above) is from Joachimsthal, Bohemia. In small, thick, tabu- 
 lar, and rectangular crystals; orthorhombic, and very near sternbergite in angle, also simi- 
 larly twinned parallel 1(1 /\ I = 118 20'). Cleavage basal, perfect. In thin laminaB, 
 flexible. Color pinchbeck brown to blackish brown. In very thin plates dark greenish 
 gray, translucent. H. about 2. G. 4 '217. Associated with dolomite, smaltite, pyrrho- 
 tite, proustite, rittingerite. Z. Kryst., ii., 153, 1878; iii., 186, 1878; v., 426, 1881. 
 
 STELEFELDTITE. Min., p. 188; App. II., p. 53. 
 
 Stibianite. E. Goldsmith, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1878, 154. 
 
 An alteration product of stibnite, from Victoria, Australia. Massive, porous. Color 
 reddish yellow, of powder pale yellow. Lustre dull. H. =5. Gr. 3 67. Analysis by 
 W. H. Dougherty (I.e.) : Sb 2 r , 81*21, H 2 4'46, gangue 13-55. After deduction of the 
 impurities : Sb 2 O 5 94'79, H. 2 5'21 = 100, which corresponds to the formula Sb- 2 3 + H 2 0. 
 [So obviously impure a material cannot rank as a species. It is near stibiconite, but, ac- 
 cording to Goldsmith, contains only Sb 2 5 .] 
 
 STIBICONITE, Min., p. 188. Anal, (by Santos) of a related mineral from Sevier Co., Ar- 
 kansas, Mallet, Chem. News, xxxvi., 167, 1877. Borneo, Freitzel, Min. Mitth., 1877, 298. 
 Chayramonte, Cajamarca, Peru, Raimondi, Min. Perou, p. 196, 1878. 
 
 In extensive deposits in Sonora, Mexico, E. T. Cox, Am. J. Sc., III., xx., 421, 1880. 
 
 STIBIOFERRITE. App. II., p. 53. 
 
 STIBIOTRIARGENTITE, STIBIOHEXARGENTITE. App. I., p. 15. 
 
 STIBNITE, Min., p. 29 ; App. II., p. 53. Cryst., Arnsberg, Westphalia, Seligmann, J. 
 Min., 1880, i., 135. 
 
 Anal., Sevier Co., Ark., -Dunnington, Amer. Assoc., 1877, 183. Several analyses, C. E. 
 Wait, with description of occurrence in Arkansas, Trans. Amer. Inst. Min. Eng., viii., 
 43 et seq., 1880. 
 
 STILBITE, Min., p. 442; App. II., p. 53. Monoclinic, according to v. Lasaulx (Z. Kryst. > 
 ii., 576, 1878), and isomorphous with harmotome and stilbite. On its chemical relations to 
 these species, Fresenius, ib , iii., 42, 1878. 
 
 Anal, (spwerostttbite), Annapolis Co., Nova Scotia, How, Phil. Mag., V., i., 134, 1876. 
 Faroe, Heddle, Min. Mag., i., 91, 1877. San Piero, Elba, Grattarola and Sansoni, Att. 
 Ace. Tosc., iv., 173, 1879 ; Sansoni, ib., p. 312. Miage Glacier, Mt. Blanc, Cossa, Ace. 
 Line. Trans., III., v., 86, 1881. 
 , See also Foresite, p. 47. 
 
 STILPNOMELANE, Min., p. 460. Microscop. exam., Fischer, Z. Kryst., iv., 368, 1880. 
 STIRLINGITE. App. II., p. 53 (49). 
 
 Strengite. A. Nies, J. Min., 1877, 8 ; G. A. Konig, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., 
 1 877 277 
 
 Orthorhonfbic. Observed planes, i-l, i-2, 1. Axes, c (vert.) : b : a T1224 : 11855 :1. 
 t -_g A i_g = 118 51', i-i A 1 = 129 11', 1 A 1 = 101 38' and 115 36' (terminal) = 111 
 30' (basal). Cleavage i-l, imperfect. Crystals rare; in habit and angle near scorodite. 
 Generally in spherical and botryoidal forms, aggregates with radiated fibrous structure, and 
 drusy surface. H. = 3-4. G. =2-87. Lustre vitreous, brilliant. Color peach-blossom 
 red, carmine red, and various other shades; sometimes nearly colorless. Streak yellowish 
 white. Translucent to transparent. Analyses : 1, Nies, after deducting 0'15 insol. ; 2, 
 Konig. 
 
 P 2 5 Fe. 2 3 H 2 
 
 1. EleonoreMine 37'42 43'18 19-40 = 100. 
 
 2. Rockbridge Co. 39 "30 42 -30 19*87 = 101 '47. 
 
APPENDIX m. 117 
 
 Formula [Fe 2 ]P 2 8 + 4aq ; which requires : P 2 5 37-97, Fe 2 (>3 42'78, H 2 19'25 = 100. 
 The mineral is isomorphous with scorodite, and closely related in composition to barran- 
 dite. In form also near reddingite. B. B. fuses readily to a black shining bead, coloring 
 the flame bluish green. Iron reaction with borax. Dissolves easily in warm HC1; in HN0 3 
 insoluble. 
 
 Occurs with cacoxenite, at the Eleonore iron mine, near Giessen; also in colorless crys- 
 tals with eleonorite, at the Rothlaufchen mine, near Waldgirmes, in the same region. In 
 distinct crystals, pink to red, in cavities in dufrenite, from liockbridge Co., Va ; the crys- 
 tals are different in habit from those described by Nies, and allow of only approximate 
 measurements. Named after Prof. A. Streng, of Giessen. 
 
 STRIGOVITE. App. II., p. 53. 
 STROMEYERITE. Min., p. 54; App. II., p. 54. 
 
 STRONTIAXITE, Min., p. 699; App. II., p. 54. Cryst. description, new forms, twins like 
 aragonite, Hamm, Westphalia, Laspeyres, Verh. Nat. Ver. Bonn, xxxiii., 308, 1876. Mif- 
 flin Co., Penn., //. C. Lewis, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc.Phil., 1876, 11. 
 
 STRUVITE, Min., p. 551; App. II., p. 54. Cryst.., Sadebeck, Min. Mitth., 1877, 113, 221; 
 vomRath, Ber. nied. Ges. Bonn, Jan. 7, 1878; anal, by Mac Ivor, ib., Jan. 13, 1879. 
 
 Stutzite. Schrauf, Z Kryst., ii., 245, 1878. 
 
 Monoclinic, with pseudo-hexagonal symmetry (clino-hexagonal). Crystals highly modi- 
 fied, 39 occurring planes ; vertically striated in prismatic zone. Isomorphous witJi dyscra- 
 site and chalcocite, and in form near jordanite. Lustre metallic. Color lead gray, with 
 reddish tinge. Streak blackish lead gray. Fracture uneven to subconchoidal. 
 
 Composition uncertain, perhaps Ag 4 Te, requiring Te 22'5, Ag 77'5 100. The silver 
 percentage determined approximately with the blowpipe = 72 p. c. (1), = 77 p. c. (2). 
 Easily fusible to a dark bead, from which a silver globule is obtained by reduction with 
 soda. 
 
 Identified on a single specimen in the collection of the Vienna University; locality 
 probably Nagyag, Transylvania. Associated with gold and hessite on quartz. Named 
 after Stiitz, who, in 1803, described a tellurium mineral from Nagyag, which was prob- 
 ably identical with this, and called it tellursilberblende. 
 
 STYPTICITE. See Fibroferrite, p. 47. 
 Subdelessite. See Delessite, p. 36. 
 Sulfuricin. See Melanophlogite, p. 74. 
 Sulfatallophane. See Allophane, p. 3. 
 SULPHATITE. Min., p. 614; App. II., p. 54. 
 
 SULPHUR, Min., p. 20; App. II., p. 54 Cryst., v. Kokscharof, Min. Russl., vi., 368, 
 1874. vom Rath, Pogg. Ann., civ., 41, 1875. Sicily, v. Zepharovich, Lotos, 1876 (J Min, 
 1876, 5<>1); Groth, Min.-Samml. Strassburg, p. 8, 262, 1878; Fletcher, Phil. Mag., V., ix., 
 186, 1880. 
 
 SUSANNITE, Min, p. 626; App. II., p. 54. See LeadhilUte, p. 67. 
 
 SYLVAITCTE, Min., p. 81: App. II., p. 54. Cryst. discussion of the system (monoclinic), 
 Schrauf, Z Kryst., ii., 211, 1878. 
 
 Anal., Grand View mine, Colorado, F. W. Clarke, Am. J. Sc., III., xiv., 286, 1877. 
 Smuggler mine, Col., Jennings, Trans. Am. Inst. Min. Eng., vi., 507, 1877. 
 
 SYLVITE, Min., p. Ill ; App. II.. p. 54. Vesuvius, ScaccM, Att. Accad. Napoli. vi., 
 1873 (Contrib. Min., II , 23). A salt from Vesuvius, yielded W. Smith, KC1 37'13, NaCl 
 31-01, K 2 S0 4 1-86 = 100, Ch. News, xxxvi.,57, 1877. 
 
118 APPENDIX IIL 
 
 SYNGENITE. App. II., p. 54. 
 
 Szaboite. A. Koch, Min. Petr. Mitth., i, 79, 350, 1878; von Lasaulx, Z. Kryst., iii., 
 288, 1879 ; Gonnard, Bull. Soc. Min., ii , 150, 184, 1879. 
 
 Triclinic ; in minute (1 mm. long, '5 broad) thin tabular (*-4) prismatic crystals, termi- 
 nated at one extremity and vertically striated ; also acicular. 1 /\ 1 = 87 15', i-l /\I = 
 133 34'. H. = 6-7. G. = 3'5U5. Lustre vitreous; on some planes tending to metallic 
 and pearly. Color hair brown ; in thinnest translucent crystals brownish red, hyacinth 
 red. Streak tending to copper red. Translucent to opaque. Analysis : 
 
 SiO> Fe 2 3 (Alo0 3 tr.) CaO(MgOtr.) NaoO ign. 
 
 . 52-35 4470 3'12 tr. 040 = 10057. 
 
 The calculated formula is Ca 2 [Fe2]iiSi 35 Oiof,, orRSiOs? but v. Lasaulx remarks that the 
 iron is probably mostly present as FeO. B. B. fuses with difficulty; with borax an iron 
 bead. Partially decomposed by IIC1. Related in composition to babingtonite, and in form 
 to the pyroxene group ; most closely to rhodonite. 
 
 Occurs with pseudobrookite (q. v.) and tridymite, in cavities in the andesite of the Aran- 
 yer Berg, Transylvania. Also on Mte. Calvario (Etna), near Biancaville, Sicily; also 
 Riveau- Grand, Monte Dore. Named after Prof. J. Szabo,^of Budapest. 
 
 Szmikite. T. von Schrdckinger, Verb. Geol. Reichs., 1877, 115. 
 
 Amorphous, stalactitic, with botryoidal surface. H. 1*5. G. = 3 "15. Color whitish, 
 on the fracture reddish white to rose red. Fracture earthy, splintery. Analyses: 1, 
 Schrauf; 2, Dietrich, gave: 
 
 S0 2 MnO HoO 
 
 1. 47-43 41-78 10-92 = 100-13. 
 
 2. 47-11 41-61 11-19 = 99-91. 
 
 These correspond to the formula : MnSO, + H 2 0, requiring: S0 3 47 '43, MnO 42*01, H 2 
 10'65 = 100. Exposed to damp air in small fragments becomes deeper red, and increases 
 slightly in weight. From Felsobanya, Transylvania. Named after Mr. Szmik, Coun- 
 sellor of Mines. 
 
 TACHYLYTE, Min., p. 245. Occurrence of a similar mineral in the basalt of Royat, Puy- 
 dc-D6me, Gonnard, Bull. Soc. Min., iii., 211, 1880. 
 
 TALC. Min., p. 451; App. II., p. 54. 
 TALCOSITE. App. I., p. 15. 
 TAMMITE. App. II., p. 55. 
 
 TANTALITE, Min., p. 514; App. II., p. 55. From North Carolina, Konig, Proc. Ac. Nat. 
 Sc. Phil., 1876, 39. Coosa Co., Ala., J. L. Smith, Am. J. Sc., III., xiv., 323, 1877. Yan- 
 cey Co., N. C., analysis. Comstoek (Am. J. Sc., III., xix., 131, 1880): (3) Ta,0 5 59-92, Cb 2 O 5 
 23-63, FeO 12'86, MnO 3-06, MgO 0'34 = 99'81. Massive. G. = 6 '88. 
 
 See also Columbite, p. 29. 
 
 A manganesian variety is called MANGANTANTALITE by A. E. Nordenskiold (Geol. For. 
 Forh., iii., 284, 1877). In orthorhombic (?) crystals. Cleavage in one direction distinct, 
 
 in two others less so; the last make with each other and with the first-named nearly right 
 H. = 5-5-6. G. = 6-3. Lustre vitreous. Color reddish to blackish brown; by 
 transmitted light a fine red. 
 
 angles. 
 
 Composition given by the (approximate) analysis : T 2 5 (CbO*) 85'5, MnO 9'5, FeO 3-6, 
 CaO 1-2 = 99-8. Formula, (Mn,Ca,Fe)Ta s 6, which requires : Ta,0, 86 -43, MnO 9'01, FeO 
 3-42, CaO 1-14 = 100. B. B. unaltered: gives a clear bead with salt of phosphorus; with 
 soda a manganese reaction. Occurs with tourmaline, petalite, lepidolite, rnicrolite, at Tito, 
 Sweden. [The specific gravity leaves little doubt that the mineral contains considerable 
 
APPENDIX III. H9 
 
 columbic acid (say 30 p. c.), and is to be considered as a mere variety of tantalite or colum- 
 bite. Compare the manganese columbite of Branch ville, p. 29.] 
 
 TAPALPITE. App. II., p. 55. 
 TAPIOLITE. Min., p. 518; App. II., p. 55. 
 
 Tarapacaite. Raimondi, Mineraux du Perou, p. 274, 1878. Occurs in minute fragments 
 of a brilliant yellow color, in the midst of soda nitre (caliche). Essentially a potassium 
 chromate, but mixed with a little sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, and sodium arid potas- 
 sium sulphates. From the province of Tarapaca, Peru ; also (Domcyko, Min. Chili, 3d 
 ed., 447) in the natural salt deposits of the desert of Atacama, Chili. [Needs further 
 examination.] 
 
 Taznite. Domeyko, C.R, Ixxxy., 977, 1877; Min. Chili, 3d ed., p. 298, 1879. 
 
 Amorphous, more or less fibrous in structure. Earthy. Color yellow. Soluble in hydro- 
 chloric acid. Regarded as an arsenio-antimonate of bismuth, analogous to bindheimite, 
 and believed to have been derived from the alteration of some sulpharsenite or anti- 
 monate of bismuth. Very impure, from the admixture of varying quantities of bismuth 
 ochre. An analysis gave: Bi 2 3 (sol. in HXO>) 42*00, Bi.O : i (united with Sb and As) 
 29-50, SbnO, 5-29, Afi,O, 12-20, FeoO ; , 700, H<>0 4'90, insol. 1 '00 = 101-89. A second 
 analysis gave : Bi0 3 51-35, Sb 2 O 3 1M7, As,,0 s 16'54, Fe 2 O 3 8'70. H a O 4-54, insol. (sili- 
 cates) 12-50 = 98-80. Obtained with other bismuth minerals from the mines of Tazna and 
 of Choroloque, in Bolivia. [A heterogeneous substance.] 
 
 Telaspyrine. (\ U. She-par d, Contrib. Min., 1877. Pyrito containing tellurium, from 
 Sunshine Camp, Colorado. 
 
 TELLURITE, Min., p. 188. In cracks in native tellurium, at the Keystone, Smuggler 
 mines, and as an incrustation at the John Jay mine, Colorado. In minute prismatic crys- 
 tals. Cleavable in one direction. Yellow to white. Composition, TeO 2 . Genth, Am. Phil. 
 Soc. Philad., xvii., 118, 1877. 
 
 TELLURIUM, Min., p. 19 ; App. II., p. 55. From various mines in Bowlder County, 
 Colorado, Genth, Am. Phil. Soc. Philad., xvii., 113, -1877. 
 
 Genth describes a peculiar variety from the Mountain Lion mine, which Berdell has 
 called LIGNITE. It occurs in thin plates. H. = 3. G. =4*005. Color dark gray. Appar- 
 ently homogeneous in appearance, but in fact containing 36 p. c. Si0 2 andCp.c. A1 2 3 
 (Fe 2 3 ). 
 
 TEXXANTITE, Min., p. 104. Anal., Wilhelmine mine, Seilauf, in the Sp'essart, Petersen, 
 J. Min., 1881, i., 262. 
 
 Sandbcrgerite, from several localities in Peru, Raimondi, Min. Perou, p. 115 et seq., 
 1878. 
 
 A variety of tennantite is called FREDRICITE by H. Sjogren (Geol. For. Forh., v., 82, 1880). 
 Massive, compact. H. = 3 '5. G. = 4 '65. Lustre brilliant, metallic. Color and streak 
 iron black ; sometimes superficially tarnished green, red, brown. Opaque. Fracture 
 uneven. Brittle. Analysis : 
 
 S As Sb Sn Cu Pb Ag Fe 
 
 27 18 17-11 tr. 1-41 43-23 3'34 2'87 6 "02 = 100-16. 
 
 Formula approximately 4RS, As 2 S 3 , or that of tennantite, with, however, the unusual con- 
 stituents, lead, tin, and silver. It also differs from tennantite in color and texture. B. B. 
 decrepitates and fuses easily to a black shining mass, which gives a copper bead with soda. 
 In the closed tube gives a sublimate of arsenic trisulphide. Attacked slightly by IIC1 ; 
 decomposed by strong HN0 3 , with the separation of lead sulphide and arsenic trioxide. 
 Occurs in small masses imbedded in geocronite. Associated with galenite at Falu, 
 Sweden. 
 
 TENORITE, Min., p. Io6. Triclinic, according to Kalkowsky, chiefly on optical grounds, 
 Z. Kryst., iii., 279, 1879. 
 
120 APPENDIX m. 
 
 A product of the alteration of tenorite is called ATELINA (atelite) by Scacchi (Att. Accad 
 Napoli, vi, Dec. 13, 1873). Observed as more or less complete pseudomorphs after teno- 
 rite, and formed by the action on the latter of hydrochloric acid ; as a result the black 
 color is changed to green. An analysis gave : CuO 40-59, CuCL 38*19, HoO and loss 16 22 
 = 100. This corresponds to ^'CuO + CuCl 2 + 3H 2 0, or CuCl a + 2(H 2 Cu0 2 ) + H,O which 
 requires: CuO 45-76, CuCl, 38'68, H 2 15'56 = 100. Found at Mt. Vesuvius as a result 
 of the eruption of April, 1872. [Not far from atacamite. ] 
 
 TEPHROITE, Min., p. 259; App. II., p. 55. Anal., Langban, Sweden, Pisani, C. E., 
 Ixxxiv., 1511, 1877. An analysis of picrotephroite, from Langban, Weimland, Sweden, 
 gave S. n R. Paijkutt: SiQ 9 83-70, MhO 5119, CaO 0*95, MgO 12-17, ign. 44 = 98'45; 
 
 TEQUEZQUITE. Corruption of Tequixquitl, a mineral substance formed of mixtures of 
 different salts, especially sodium carbonate, and sodium chloride ; from Texccco, Zum- 
 pango, in the Valle de Mexico, and elsewhere in Mexico. Naturaleza, iii., ^89-246, 1875. 
 
 TETRAD YMITE. Min., p. CO; App. II., p. 55. 
 
 TETRAHEDRITE, Min., p. 108; App. II., p. 55. Cryst., twins, Kopp, J. Min., 1877, 62 
 Horhausen, Seligmann, Z. Kryst., i, 335, 1877; Groth, Min.-Samml. Strassburg, p. 06, 
 1878. Horhausen, vom Rath, Z. Kryst., v., 258, 1880. 
 
 Analyses, Newburyport, Mass., Miss E. H. Swallow, Proc. Bost. Nat. Hist. Soc.,xvii., 
 
 >sr -1 Orye' /"1I~ M , O-.1 i _I_J_T i TUT i -i i A ^.i -r-. 
 
 Min. Mitth., 1877, 273, 274. Huallanca, Peru, occurrence described, H. Sewdl, Am. J. 
 Sc., III., xv., 317, 1877 ; anal, by Comstock, ibid., xvii., 401, 1869. Hungary, HidegJi, 
 Min. Mitth., ii., 850, 1879. Mine d'Araqueda, Cajabamba, Peru, Raimondi, Min. Perou, p. 
 114, 1878. Arizona (16-23 Pb), Clarke and Owens, Am. Chem. Journ., ii., 173, 1880. 
 Recent formation at Bourbonne-les-Bains, Daubree, C. R.,lxxx., 463, 1875. 
 
 A variety is called MALTNOFSKITE by Raimondi (Domeyko, 5th Append. Min. Chili, 1876 ; 
 also Raimondi, Min. Perou, p. 122, 1878). Occurs massive. Color gray with a metallic 
 lustre. An analysis gave : S24'27, Sb 24'74, As 0'56, Pb 13-08, Cu 14-37, Ag 11;92, Fe 
 9-12, Zn 1*92 = 100. Remarkable for its high percentage of lead. From the mines of 
 Carpa and Llaccha (above anal. ), district of Recuay, Peru. 
 
 Another mineral, near tetrahedrite, is called FRIGIDITE by A . D'Achiardi. Rarely crys- 
 tallized ; generally granular, compact, massive, with a subconchoidal structure. H. = 4. 
 Gr. = 4'8. Lustre metallic. Color grayish steel. Powder grayish black. B. B. fuses 
 easily, yielding copious antimonial fumes. Analysis by A. Funaro : 
 
 S Sb Cu Fe Ni Ag Zn Si0 2 
 
 29-60 25-59 19-32 12-67 7"55 0'04 tr. 2-20 = 96-97. 
 
 This does not correspond very closely with ordinary tetrahedrite, nor with the mineral 
 called COPPITE by Bechi, from this same locality, and for which he obtained : S 27'01, Sb 
 29-61, Cu 3010, Fe 13-08 = 99-80 (referred to tetrahedrite by D'Achiardi, Min. Tosc,, ii., 
 341, 1873). [In view, however, of the incompleteness of Funaro's analysis (3 p. c. loss, 2 
 p. c. gangue), the calculation of a formula has but little value.] From the mines in the 
 Valle del' Frigido, Apuan Alps. 
 
 Thaumasite. Nordenslciold, C. R., Ixxxvii., 314, 1878; Lindstrom, CEfv. Ak. Stockh.. 
 Nov. 13, 1878. . 
 
 Massive, compact. H. 3'5. G. = 1 '877. Lustre greasy, dull. Color white. Translu- 
 cent. Fracture subconchoidal. Analyses by Lindstrom, on material collected, 1, byPol- 
 heimer, about 1805; 2, by Nordenskiold, 1859; and 3, by Engberg, 1878 : 
 
 Si0 2 C0 2 S0 3 CaO HoO A1 2 3 MgO Na 2 K 2 Cl 
 
 1. 9-62 6-90 13-12 27-43 42-16 0'17 tr. 0-18 0'07 0--13 = 99'78. 
 
 2. 9-70 6-81 12-59 27-17 41 '80 0'17 .... 0'07 0'07 014= 98'52. 
 
 3. 9-78 6-88 13-34 27-24 42-63 013 0'07 010 010 = 100-27. 
 
APPENDIX IH. 121 
 
 The formula calculated by Lindstrom is CaSi0 3 + CaC0 3 + CaSO, 4- 14aq, which re- 
 quires : Si0 2 9-93, C0 2 7 -28, S0 3 13-25, CaO 27'8>, H 2 41'72 = 100. B. B. swells up, 
 colors the flame red, but infusible. In salt of phosphorus a skeleton of silica. In the 
 closed tube decrepitates and gives oil much water. 
 
 Occurs filling cavities and crevices at the Bjelke mine, near Aareskuta, Jemtland, Sweden; 
 at first soft, but hardens on exposure to the air. A fine fibrous chalk-white mineral occurs 
 with it, and is regarded as a decomposition product; H. = 1 '5-2-5. Composition: Si0 2 
 11-85, COa 6-86, S0 3 13-31, CaO 25'74, Al s O(Fe0$) 2 -58. Named from $avjua&), to be 
 surprised, in allusion to the remarkable composition. 
 
 Tornebohm (quoted by Lindstrom) states that the material analyzed was homogeneous 
 under the microscope, having a fibrous structure. Bertrand (Bull. Soc. Min., iii., 159; iv., 
 8) states that he identified calcite, gypsum, and a third mineral, probably wollastonite, in 
 thaumasite, and hence regards it as a mixture ; he states that chemical trials by Darnour 
 confirm this conclusion. Nordenskiold, however (Geol. For. Forh., v., 270, 1880), claims 
 that Bertrand's observations were not made on the pure mineral, and that the mixture pro- 
 posed would not have the above composition. Finally, Cohen confirms by microscopic 
 examination the essentially homogeneous (J. Min., 1881, ii., 21 ref.) appearance; he sepa- 
 rated some gypsum and a carbonate soluble in acetic acid, but does not regard the matter 
 as settled. A further critical examination is needed, in view of the seemingly very improb- 
 able composition deduced. 
 
 THENARDITE, Min., p. 615. Province of Arequipa, Peru, Raimondi, Min. Perou, p. 287, 
 1878. Balchaschsee, Central Asia, vom Rath, Z. Kryst., iv., 430; Ber. nied. Ges. Bonn, 
 Aug. 4, 1879. 
 
 Occurs in large deposits on the Rio Verde, Arizona, B. Silliman, Am. J. Sc., Ill , xxii., 
 204, 1881. An analysis of this by Dunham gave: (s) S0 3 5(5'36, Na 2 [43*02], CaO 0'12, 
 MgO 0-02, C10-10, insol. 0-38 = 100. 
 
 From Aguas Blancas, Atacarna, cryst. anal., Bdrwald, Z. Kryst., vi., 36, 1881. 
 
 Thinolite. See Gay-Lussite, p. 51. 
 
 THOMSENOLITE, Min., p. 129; App. II., p. 55. See PacJinolite, p. 88. 
 
 THOMSONITE, Min., p. 424 ; App. II., p. 55. Cryst. form determined with accuracy. 
 1 A 1 = 90 26', c (vert.) :b:& = 1-0095: 1 : 0'9925, from Is. Laaven, Langesunfiord, Nor 
 way, Brogger, Z. Kryst., ii., 289, 1878. 
 
 Anal., Grand Mantis, Minn., Konig, Nat. Leisure Hour, 1878, No. 8. Monzoni, John, 
 Verh. Geol. Reichs., 1875, 305. 
 
 PecJcham and Hall (Am. J. Sc., III., xix., 122, 1880) describe in detail the thomsonite 
 amygdules from the diabase of Grand Marais, Lake Superior. These occur in place, and 
 also as polished pebbles on the shores of the lake. Three varieties are distinguished : I., 
 opaque white, resembling porcelain, with conchoidal or occasionally fibrous structure; II., 
 in spherical or ellipsoidal forms, with fibrous radiated structure ; sometimes with several 
 centres, often flesh-red, with zones of green, red, and white ; III. (called LINTONITE), struct- 
 ure fine granular, not radiated or crystalline, and of green color; sometimes this variety 
 forms a centre surrounded by either var. I. or II. Hardness of the different forms 5-6. 
 G. =2 '33-3 '35; 2 '2 in weathered pebbles. Analyses by Miss L. A. Linton : 1, var. I. ; 2, 
 var. II.; 3, calculated from 2, on the assumption that the true amount of Si0 2 is 40 45 
 p. c. (as in 1), the remainder being due to free quartz ; 4, var. III. 
 
 Si0 2 A1 2 3 Fe 2 3 FeO CaO Na 2 K 2 O H 2 
 
 1. 5 40-45 29-50 0'23 .... 10'75 4-76 0-36 13'93 = 99'98. 
 
 2. -| 46-02 26-72 0"81 9-40 3-76 0'39 12-80 = 99-90. 
 
 3. 40-45 29-37 0'88 10-43 4-28 0-42 13-93=99-76. 
 
 4. Lintonite. 40-61 30-21 0'40 10-37 4-06 0-49 13-75 = 99-89. 
 
 The analyses prove that all the specimens examined are the same species, thomsonite. 
 The polished pebbles are often of great beauty, and are highly valued for ornaments. 
 
 THORITE, Min., p. 413; App. II., p. 55. Arendal, Norway, crystals in form of zircon 
 (pseudomorphs), and analysis, Nordenskiold, Geol. For. Forh., iii., 226, 1876. Hittero, 
 Lindstrom, ib., v., 500, 1881. 
 
122 APPENDIX III. 
 
 A mineral related to thorite, but differing in the large percentage of uranium present, 
 has been described by Collier (Jourii. Am. Ch. Soc., ii., 73, 1880) under the name URANOTHO- 
 RITE. Massive. H. 5. G. = 4 '126. Lustre resinous to sub vitreous. Color dark red 
 brown. Streak yellow brown. Fracture subconchoidal. An analysis by H. B. Parsons 
 yielded : 
 
 Si0 2 ThO, Uo0 3 Fe,0 3 Al-0 3 PbO CaO MgO Na-0 H,0 
 19-38 52-07 9-96 4C1 33 0*40 2-34 0'04 oil 11-81 = 89'05. 
 
 B. B. infusible. From the Champlain iron region, N. Y., exact locality unknown. 
 
 THROMBOLITE, Min., p. 562. Schrauf (Z. Kryst., iv., 28, 1879) obtained G. = 3*67, also: 
 CuO 39-44, Fe,0 3 1-05, H,0 16'56, Sb,0 6 665, Sb 2 8 32-52, loss 3 78 = 100. Whether 
 this is a true compound or only a mixture is uncertain; if the former, the mineral belongs 
 with the no less uncertain stetefeldtite, partzite (Min., p. 188) and rivotite (App. II., p. 48). 
 
 THURINGITE, Min., p. 507. Cryst. and anal., Zirmsee, Carinthia, v. Zepharovicli, Z. 
 Kryst., i., 371, 1877; ii., 195, 1878. 
 
 Tincalconite. C. U. Shepard. Borax from California, pulverulent and efflorescent, 32 
 p. c. water, Bull. Soc. Min., i., 144. 
 
 TITANITE, Min., p. 383; App. II., p. 55. Cryst., in mica schist, Lama della Spedalac- 
 cio, Uzielli, Accad. Line. Mem., III., i., 158, 1877. Albani Mts., Sella, Z. Kryst., i , 250, 
 1877. Tyrol, W. J. Lewis, Phil. Mag., V., iii., 455, 1877. Zermatt (greenovite), Ilintze, 
 Z. Kryst., ii., 310, 1878. Finland, F. J. Wiik, Z Kryst,, ii., 496; Grotli, Min.-Samml. 
 Strassburg, p. 252, 1878. Zoptau, vom Rath, Z. Kryst,, v., 255, 1880. Ilmen Mts., v. 
 Jeremejef, Verb. Min. Ges. St. Pet,, II., xvi., 254, 1881. 
 
 Absorption of light measured photometrically, Put/rich, Z. Kryst., vi., 155, 1881. 
 
 Optical determination in thin sections of rocks, Fouque and Levy, Ann. Min., VII., xii., 
 437, 1877. 
 
 Anal., Waldheim, Saxony (0- 88 Y..0 3 \ Schmuger, ZS. G. Ges., xxvii., 204,1875. Gren- 
 ville, Canada, Harrington, 'Geol. Canada, 181 8. 
 
 In enormous crystals, with apatite, from Renfrew, Canada, sometimes weighing 72 Ibs. 
 (Kunz). 
 
 A variety of titanite from Smaland, Sweden, is called ALSHEDITE by C. W. Blomstrand 
 (Minnesskrift Fys. Sallsk. Lund, 1878, p. 7). Occurs in imperfect' crystals, sometimes 
 small, sometimes 1-1-5 in. in length ; also massive, imbedded in quartz. Form uncertain, 
 probably similar to titanite (Tops5e) ; two cleavages inclined 125A. H. =3*36. G. =5. 
 Color pale brown to ash gray. Opaque. B. B. readily fusible to a black bead; soluble in 
 HC1. Analysis : 1, mean of 5 more or less complete analyses; 2, mean of 3 analyses: 
 
 Si0 2 Ti0 2 SnO a A1 2 3 Fe 2 3 Y 2 3 CaO MnO MgO K 2 0,Na,O 11,0 
 
 1. () 28-26 36-61 0'47 3--I1 4-25 2-78 21-06 0'98 0'48 0^0 1'20 = 100-17. 
 
 2. (|) 30-61 35-86 0'38 3'47 3'61 2"57 20-51 0'82 0'32 0'58 1'89 = 100'62. 
 
 The mineral consequently falls between titanite and keilhauite, and is not far from groth- 
 ite, Min., p. 386. 
 
 Titanomorphite. A. von Lasaulx, J. Min., 1879, 568; Z. Kryst., iv., 162, 1879. 
 
 Monoclinic ; isomorphous with titanite, with corresponding planes and angles. Usually 
 in granular aggregates, often with fibrous structure, surrounding kernels of rutile, or of 
 rutile and menaccanite (nigrin), or menaccanite alone, from the alteration of which it has 
 arisen. Color white. Optically biaxial (microscope), with interference figures resembling 
 those of titanite (p > v), 2E = 45-50 ; positive. Analysis by Bettendorff : 
 
 Ti0 2 CaO FeO 
 
 74-32 2527 tr. = 99-59. 
 
APPENDIX m. 123 
 
 This corresponds to CaTi 2 5 , or a calcium titanate. B. B. fuses to a gray glass. With 
 salt of phosphorus gives a reaction for titanium; by HC1 partially, by H 2 S0 4 completely 
 decomposed. 
 
 From the hornblende schists of the " hohe Eule," Lampersdorf, Silesia. Lasaulx 
 regards the white decomposition product of titanic iron, often observed, especially in horn- 
 blendic rocks, and called LEUCOXENE by Giimbel, as identical with titanomorphite ; this 
 would seem, however, to require further proof. Compare remarks by C. W. Cross, Min. 
 Petr. Mitth., iii., 401, 1880. [According to Groth (Tab. Uebers. Min., p. 118, 1882), Knop 
 states that titanomorphite is identical with titanite.] 
 
 TOCORNALITE, App. II., p. 56. Several chloro-iodides of silver and mercury are described 
 by Domeyko, 5th App., p. 40, 1876; 6th App., p. 30, 1878; 3d ed. Min. Chili, p. 430 et 
 seq., 1879. 
 
 TOPAZ, Min., p. 376; App. II., p. 56. C/ryst., Framont, and optical exam., Bertrand, 
 Z. Kryst., i., 297, 1877. Saxony and Bohemia, Laspeyres, Z. Kryst., i., 374, 1877. Ilmen 
 Mts., v. Jeremcjcf, Verh. Min. Ges. St. Pet., II., xiii., 416. Durango, Mexico, Des Cloi- 
 zeaux, J. Min., 1878, 40. Russian, Seligmann, Z. Kryst., iii., 80, 1878. Mt. Bischof, Vic- 
 toria, vom Rath, Ber. nied. Ges. Bonn, Jan. 13, 1879. Elba, Corsi, Z. Kryst., v., 604, 
 1881. 
 
 Pseudo-orthorhombic (monoclinic), according to the view of Mallard, Ann. Min., VII., 
 x., 155, 1876. 
 
 Crystallosrenetic discussion, ScJiarff, J. Min , 1878, 168. Specific gravity determinations, 
 Church, Geol. Mag., II., ii., 322, 1875. Inclosures, CO 2 , etc), Hartley, J. Ch. Soc., March, 
 1877, 241 ; Erhard and Stelzner, Min. Petr. Mitth , i., 450, 1878; A. A. Julien, J. Amer. 
 Ch. Soc., iii., 41, 1881. 
 
 Anal, (pycnite), Cerro del Mercado, Durango, Mexico, ChrustscTiojf, Z. Kryst., iii., 634, 
 1879. Loss upon ignition, Rammelsberg , Wied. Ann., vii., 147, 1879. 
 
 Altered to muscovite (damourite), Frenzel, Min. Petr. Mitth., iii., 513, 1881. Pyrophy- 
 salite altered to massive damourite, Kararfvet, Fahlun, Sweden, Atterbcrg, Geol. For. 
 Forh., ii., 402, 1875. 
 
 TORBANITE, Min., p. 742. Liversidge describes the so-called "kerosene shale " of New 
 South Wales, and refers it to torbanite; this is the substance called wollongonr/ite, which 
 name, however, is not appropriate, as the specimen described came not from Wollongong, 
 but from Hartley, Proc. Boy. Soc. N. S. W., Dec. 8, 1880. 
 
 Tobermorite. Hedfllc, Min. Mag., iv., 119, 1880. 
 
 Massive, fine granular. G. = 2 423. Color pale pinkish white. Translucent. Analyses: 
 1, Tobermory ; 2, north of Tobermory, toward Bloody Bay. 
 
 SiO., A1 2 3 Fe,,0 3 FeO CaO MgO K,0 Na.,0 HO 
 
 1. 48-51 240 1-14 1-85 33-40 0'47 1'45 0'36 12'61 = 100-19. 
 
 2. G. =2-423 46-62 3'89 0-66 1-08 33-98 .... 0'57 0'89 1211= C9'81. 
 
 Occurs filling cavities in the rocks near Tobermory, Island of Mull. [Very near gyro- 
 lite, if not identical with it.] 
 
 TORBERNITE. Min*, p. 585; App. II., p. 56. 
 
 TOURMALINE, Min., p. 365; App. II., p. 56. In crystals as an outer shell, enveloping 
 orthoclase, from Port Henry, N. Y., E. If. Williams, Am. J. Sc., III., xi., 273, 1876. 
 
 Pseudo-rhombohedral, analogous to beryl and apatite, according to the view of Mallard, 
 Ann. Min., VII., x., 150, 1876. 
 
 Power of conducting heat and electricity, S. P. TJwmpson and 0. J. Lodge, Phil. Mag., 
 V., viii., 18, 1879 ; ib., x., 67, 1880 ; same subject, Fitzgerald, Sc. Proc. Dubl. Soc., II., 
 i., 370, 1880. Specific gravity determinations, Church, 'Geol. Mag., II., ii., 322, 1875. 
 Relation of electrical conductivity to absorption of light, with reference to Maxwell's 
 theory, S. P. Thompson, Phil. Mag., V., xii.. 112, 1881. Absorption of light measured 
 photometrically, Pulfrich, Z. Kryst., vi ., 151, 1881. Electricity produced by pressure, 
 Jacques and Pierre Curie, C. R., xcii., 186, 1881. 
 
124 APPENDIX ra. 
 
 Anal., in dolomite at Campo Longo, Elba, Engelmann, Z. Kryst., ii., 312, 1878. 
 
 Occurrence of red and green, varieties at Wolkenburg, Saxony, Credner, Ber. Ges. Leip- 
 zig, ii., 49 (J. Min., 1877, 528). As a contact mineral adjoining a granite vein Mt Wik 
 lard, N. H., Howes, Am. J. Sc., III., xxi., 21, 1881. 
 
 TRAUTWINITE. App. II., p. 56. 
 
 TRIDYMITE, Min., p. 805 ; App. II., p. 56. Pseudo-hexagonal through twinning (tri- 
 clinic), as shown by an optical examination by Schuster, Min. Petr. Mitth., i., 71, 1878, and 
 nearly the same time independently by v. Lasaulx, Z. Kryst., ii., 253, 1878. 
 
 In white ashes ejected from the island Vulcano, Baltzer, ZS. G. Ges., xxvii., 57, 1875 
 
 Made artificially, Hautefeuille, C. R., Ixxxiii., 1133, 1194, 1878 (Bull. Soc. Min., i., 1, 
 1878). Found with zinc spinel in a zinc furnace, as products of the alteration of the zinc 
 muffles, Schulze and Stelzner, J. Min., 1881, i., 121. 
 
 See also Asmanite, p. 10. 
 
 TRINKERITE. App. I., p. 16. 
 
 TRIPHYLITE, Min., p. 541. Analyses by S. L. Penfield: 1, Bodenmais, Bavaria, color 
 light blue, G. 3*549; 2, Norwich, Mass., color grayish green, G. = 3 '534 (Am J Sc 
 III., xvii., 226, 1879) ; 3, Grafton, K H., color light blue, G. =3-52, ib., xiii., 426, 1877. 
 
 P 2 5 FeO MnO CaO MgO Li 2 K 2 Na 2 H 2 gangue 
 
 1. (I) 43-18 36-21 8-96 O'lO 0'83 8'15 0-26 0-87 0'83 = 99-39 
 
 2. (1) 44-76 26-40 17'84 0'24 0'47 9-36 .... 035 0'42 .... = 99-84 
 
 3. (I) 44-03 26-23 18'21 0-94 0'59 8'79 0'32 0-12 1-47 .... =100-70. 
 
 These correspond closely to the formula : RRP0 4 = R 3 P0 4 + R 3 P 2 8 , which is thus 
 proved to be the true composition of the species. 
 
 TRIPHYLITE LITHIOPHILITE. G. J. Brush .and. E. S. Dana, Am. J. Sci., III., xvi., 118, 
 1878; ibid., xviii., 45, 1879. 
 
 Orthorhombic. Cleavage: basal highly perfect; brachydiagonal nearly perfect; pris- 
 matic interrupted, I /\ I = 130. Massive. H. = 4 -5. G. = 3'424-3'482. Lustre vitre- 
 ous to resinous. Co.lor, salmon color, honey yellow, yellowish brown, light clove brown. 
 Streak uncolored. Transparent to translucent. Fracture uneven to subconchoidal. Optic- 
 axial plane in the basal section ; acute bisectrix, positive, normal to brachypinacoid, Ax- 
 ial angle in oil (n 1'47), 74 45' red, 79 30' blue. Axial colors, ft deep pink, c (vert.) pale 
 greenish yellow, b faint pink. 
 
 Composition : LiMnP0 4 , or Li 3 P0 4 4- Mn 3 P 2 8 , with the manganese partly replaced by 
 iron. Percentage composition : P 2 5 45-22, MnO 45*22, Li 2 9'56 100. Analyses: 1, H. 
 L. Wells (ib., xvi., 118); 2, S. L. Penfield (ib., xviii., 47) : 
 
 P a 5 FeO MnO Li 2 Na 2 H 2 gangue 
 
 1. G. = 3-478 (I) 44-67 4-02 40-86 8'63 0-14 0-82 0'64 = 99'78, Wells. 
 
 2. G. =3-482 (1)45-22 13'01 33-02 9'26 0'29 0'17 0'29 = 100-26, Penfield. 
 
 The composition is analogous to that of triphylite (q. v.), of which it is properly a va- 
 riety peculiar in that it contains mostly manganese in place of iron. In the closed tube 
 gives traces of moisture, turns dark brown' and fuses, but does not become magnetic. 
 Fuses in the naked lamp-flame, and B. B. gives an intense lithia-red flame, streaked with 
 pale green on the lower edge. With fluxes reacts for manganese (0. F.) and iron (R. F.). 
 Soluble in acids. 
 
 Occurs at Branchville, Fairfield Co., Conn., in a vein of albitic granite. In irregular 
 masses intimately associated with spodumene (and cymatolite, q. v.), also with eosphorite, 
 triploidite, rhodochrosite, uraninite. Named from lithium and <piX6$, friend. 
 
 At the above locality there is found a large quantity of a black mineral derived from 
 the alteration of lithiophilite, as shown both by its composition and by the fact that it 
 retains more or less of the structure of the original mineral, and sometimes incloses a 
 
APPENDIX in. 
 
 125 
 
 nucleus of it. It is generally grayish to pitch black, with sometimes a purple or violet 
 tinge. H. = 5!-4. G. = 3 '26-3-40. Analyses: 1, F. P. Dcwey, ib., xvii., 367; 2, H. L. 
 Wells, ib., xvii., 368. 
 
 P 2 O 5 Fe 2 O 3 Mn 2 O 3 MnO Li 2 O A1 2 O 3 CaO K 2 O Na 2 O H 2 O insol. 
 1. G. = 3-395 (2) 40-66 12'56 25'27 11'66 5't>6 O'lO 0'18 .... 0'49 3'07 . . . . MgO tr. = 99'65. 
 
 2. G. = 3-265 (I) 40-38 15'89 14'71 18'80 4'83 
 
 0'72 0'26 tr. 3'37 0'90 = 99'86. 
 
 TRIPLITE, Min., p. 543; App. II., p. 56.- 
 Finsk. Vet. Soc., xvii., 7, 18-4-5. 
 
 -From Helsingfors, Finland, F. J. Wiik, CEfv. 
 
 Triploidite. 6r. J. Brush and E. S. Dana, Am. J. Sci., xvi., 42, 
 1878. 
 
 Monoclinic. Axes, c (vert. ) : & : d = "80367 : "53846 : 1 ; ft = 71 56. 
 Observed planes (see figure) : 0(e), i-i(b), i-i (a), 1, l-i(e), 2-2 (p). 
 /A/=59 J ', c A J=9853', c A e - 125 12', c A 0=103 25', 
 a f\p 127 11'. Crystals striated vertically. Commonly in crystal- 
 line aggregates, parallel- fibrous to columnar; also divergent, or con- 
 fusedly fibrous to nearly compact, massive. Cleavage : orthodiagonal 
 perfect. 
 
 H. =4*5-5. G. =3-607. Lustre vitreous to greasy adamantine. 
 Color yellowish to reddish brown, in isolated crystals also topaz to 
 wine yellow, occasionally hyacinth red. Streak nearly white. Trans- 
 parent to translucent. Fracture subconchoidal. The axes of elastic- 
 ity in the clinodiagonal section nearly coincide respectively with the 
 vertical axis (3 to 4 behind), and a normal to the orthopinacoid. No 
 color absorption. 
 
 Composition : R,P 2 O fl , HoO or R 3 PoO s + R(OH) 2 . If R = Mn : Fe = 3 : 1, percentage 
 composition: P,0 5 31 -91, FeO 16'18, MnO 47 '86, H 2 O 4'05 = 100. Analyses of two 
 varieties by S. L. Penfield : 
 
 P 2 5 
 
 (I) 32-11 
 
 32-24 
 
 FeO 
 
 14-88 
 1865 
 
 MnO 
 48-45 
 4->-96 
 
 CaO 
 
 0-33 
 
 undet. 
 
 H 2 
 
 4-08 = 99-85. 
 
 4-09, quartz 1-09. 
 
 In the closed tube gives off neutral water, turns black and becomes magnetic. Fuses 
 quietly in the naked lamp-flame, and B. B. in the forceps colors the flame green. Reacts 
 for manganese and iron in the fluxes. Soluble in acids. 
 
 Occurs at Branehville, Fairfield Co.-, Conn., intimately associated with eosphorite, dickin- 
 sonite, lithiophilite, and other species, in a vein of albitic granite. In crystalline form 
 triploidite is very similar to wagnerite, and as the formulas of the latter species and of trip- 
 lite are closely analogous (R 3 P 2 O 8 + RF 2 ), it is concluded that the three species are isomor- 
 phous; in triploidite, the hydroxyl (OH) takes the place of the fluorine. Named from trip- 
 lite and eidoS, form, in allusion to the close similarity between the two species. 
 
 Trippkeite. Damour and vom Rath, Z. Kryst., v., 245, 1880 (or Bull. Soc. Min., iii., 
 175). 
 
 Tetragonal ; c(vert.) = 0'9160. Observed planes : 0, i-i, I, 1, 1, 3, f-3, 3-3, !'-V. 
 Cleavage parallel, i-i perfect, /a little less so (vom Rath). Optically uniaxial, positive 
 (Des Cloizeaux). In small brilliant crystals (1 to 2 m;n.), of a bluish-green color. 
 
 According to a qualitative examination by Damour, essentiallv an arsenite of copper 
 (wCuO,As;0 3 ). Easily soluble in HN0 3 and HC1. B. B. in the closed tube becomes eme- 
 rald green on slight heating, then the green disappears and the color becomes brownish ; on 
 continued ignition the color becomes yellowish green a second time. Fuses easily to a 
 green slag. In the open tube gives crystals of arsenic trioxide. Occurs with olivenite, as 
 an older formation, in druses in massive cuprite from Copiapo, Chili. Named after the 
 young mineralogist, Dr. Paul Trippke, who died June 16, 1880. [Needs further examina- 
 tion on the chemical side.] 
 
 Tritochorite. See Eusynchite, p. 44. 
 
126 APPENDIX TIL 
 
 TRITOMITE, Min., p. 412. Brevig and Barkevig, Norway, complete analyses, Engstrom, 
 Inaug. Diss. Upsala, 1877 (Z. Kryst,, iii., 200). 
 
 TROGERITE. App. I., p. 16; II., p. 56. 
 
 TROILTTE, Min,, p. 57; App. II., p. 57. Composition, FeS (notFe 7 S e , Meunier, App. II., 
 p. 57), according to analyses of J. Lawrence Smith, C. R., Ixxxi., 976, 1875. 
 
 TSCHEFFKINITE. Min., p. 387; App. II., p. 57. 
 
 TSCHERMAKITE, App. II., p. 57. Conclusion of Hawes, that tschermakite is only an 
 ordinary triclinic feldspar, confirmed by Bauer, ZS. Or. G-es., xxvii., 285 et seq., 1875. 
 
 TURGITE. Min., p. 167; App. II., p. 57. 
 TURNERITE. See Monazite, p. 82. 
 
 TURQUOIS, Min., p. 580. Microscopic examination, Bucking, Z. Kryst., ii., 163; iii., 81, 
 1878. 
 Occurrence in New Mexico, B. Silliman, Am. J. Sc., III., xxii., 67, 1881. 
 
 Tyreeite. Neddie, Min. Mag., iv., 189, 1881. One and a half hundred weight of the 
 carnelian marble of Tyree, Scotland, dissolved in sixteen gallons of dilute HC1 left as 
 a residue, thirty pounds sahlite, a little scapolite and titanite, and some ounces of a red 
 mud. By decantation, 1*91 grams of a powder of deep brick-red color was obtained. Of 
 this mud sulphuric acid dissolved -78 gram, leaving 1 l:j insoluble. The last was analyzed, 
 and decided to be an impure talc. The soluble portion yielded : Fe 2 3 38 22, ALOs 8'23, 
 FeO 3-16, MnO 0'39, MgO 29 94. CaO 2'21, H 2 12-47, P 2 5 4-71, Si0 2 1'02 = 100'35. To 
 this last obviously heterogeneous substance the new name is provisionally given. [Cer- 
 tainly no name ever given had less claim for recognition in the Science of Mineralogy.] 
 
 TYROLITE. Min., p. 570; App. II., p. 57. 
 
 Tysonite. Allen and Comstoclc, Am. J. Sc., III., xix., 390, 1880. 
 
 Forms the central portion of hexagonal crystals, sometimes an inch or more in diameter, 
 showing the planes 0, I, i-2. The crystals are for the most part altered to bastnasite (see 
 below). Cleavage basal distinct. H. = 4 -5-5. G. = 6-12-6-14. Lustre vitreous to resin- 
 ous. Color pale wax yellow. Streak nearly white. Analyses: 
 
 Ce* La,Dif F 
 
 (|) 40-19 30-37 [29-44] = 10000. 
 
 * Atomic weight 141'2. t Joint atomic weight, specially determined, 138. 
 
 This gives the ratio Ce + (La,Di) :F = -504 : 1 547, corresponding to the formula (Ce, 
 La,Di) 2 F B. B. blackens, but does not fuse. In closed tube decrepitates, changes color 
 to a light pink. Insoluble in HC1 and HNO 3 , but soluble in H 2 S0 4 , with evolution of HF. 
 Occurs in feldspar near Pike's Peak, Colorado. Named after Mr. S. T. Tyson. 
 
 or en 
 arisen 
 
 G 5-18-5-20. Lustre vitreous to resinous. Color reddish brown. Streak light yellow- 
 ish gray. An analysis (1) gave : Ce 3 8 41 -04, (La,Di>.-0 3 34-76, C0 2 20-15, F undet, 
 
 The joint atomic weight of the three metals was determined to be 140 '2, calculating part 
 of the oxides to form normal carbonates, the remainder as metals, and estimating the fluo- 
 rine by difference, the result is obtained : 
 
 (Ce,La,Di)o0 3 Ce,La,Di C0 2 F 
 
 50-13 21-82 20-15 7'90 = 100. 
 
 This corresponds closely to the formula : [R 2 ]F C + 2[R*]C 3 9 , which requires : (Ce,La, 
 Di) 2 3 49-94, Ce,La,Di 21-32, C0 2 20-07, F 8 '67 = 100. Compare parisite, Mm., p. /02. 
 
APPENDIX m. 127 
 
 ULEXITE, Min., p. 598; App. II., p. 57. Chemical composition discussed, How, Chem. 
 News, xxxv., 189, 1877; Reynolds, ib., p. 213. 
 
 Anal., Tarapaca, Peru, Raimondi, Min. Perou, p. 263, 1878. Prov. Salta, Argentine 
 Repub., Kyle, Anal. Soc. Cientif. Arg., x., 169, 1880. 
 
 Occurs in Kern Co., Cal., Blake, Am. J. Sc., III., xxii., 323, 1881. 
 
 See also FranUandite, p. 48. 
 
 ULLMANXITE. Min., p. 73; App. II., p. 57. 
 
 URANIXITE, Min., p. 154 ; App. II., p. 57. Occurrence in Mitchell Co., N. C., Kerr, 
 Am. J. Sc., xiv., 496, 1877; Hidden, ib., xxii., 22, 1881. 
 
 Occurs in small brilliant octahedral crystals, G. = 9-22-9-28, at Branch ville, Conn., 
 Brush and E. S. Dana (Am. J. Sc., III., xvi., 35, 1878); analysis (f) by Comstock (ib. , 
 xix., 220, 1880) : U 81 '50, Pb 3 '97, Fe 0'40, 13 -47, H 2 O 0'88 = 100 "22. After the deter- 
 mination of the amounts of U0 2 and U0 a , the analysis becomes : 
 
 U0 3 U0 2 PbO FeO EUO 
 
 40-08 54-51 427 049 0'88 = 100-23. 
 
 This corresponds to the formula: 3R0 2 + 2R0 3 , with E = U,Pb 2 Fe 2 , and R = TJ. B.B. 
 the mineral reacts with fluxes for uranium, and on reduction yields a globule of lead. In 
 the closed tube gives off traces of water, which has a slightly acid reaction, the cause of 
 which is not explained. 
 
 Uranocircite. Weisbach, Jahrb. Berg.-Hiittenwesen, 1877, Abhandl., p. 48. 
 
 Orthorhombic ; form similar to that of ant unite. Cleavage basal highly' perfect ; macro- 
 diagonal and brachydiagonal distinct. G. = 8 '53. Color yellow green. Optically biaxial. 
 Acute bisectrix coincides with c (vert.); axial angle = 15-20. 
 
 Composition : BaU 2 P 2 0, 2 + 8aq = P 2 5 14'00, U0 3 56'75, BaO 15-07, H 2 14'18 = 100. 
 Analysis, Winkler (1. c.) : 
 
 P.O. U0 3 BaO H 2 
 
 15-06 56-86 14-57 13'99 = 100-48. 
 
 Earlier analyses by Georgi, and Uwao Imai, gave confirmatory results. Church (Min. 
 Mag., i., 234, 1877) finds, that in vacuo over H 2 S0 4 , at 2o C., 6aq go off; and the remainder 
 (2aq) at a red heat. Occurs in quartz veins near Falkenstein, Saxon Voigtland. Formerly 
 called autunite (Hme-uranite). 
 
 URANOPHANE. Min., p. 805; App. II., p. 57. 
 URANOSPH^ERITE. App. II., p. 57. 
 
 URANOSPINITE, App. II., p. 58. In tabular crystals, combinations of 0, %-i, and -fc, with 
 two undetermined domes. O A $-1=0 A i-fc = 124 28'; c (vert.): 1: & = 2-9123 : 1 (ap- 
 prox.) : 1. Weisbach, Jahrb. Berg. Htittenwesen, 1877, Abhandl., p. 46 (Z. Kryst., i., 394). 
 
 Contains, perhaps, lOaq (not 8aq), according to Church, Min. Mag., i., 236, 1877. 
 
 Uranothorite. See Thorite, p. 121. 
 
 URANOTIL, App. I., p. 16; II., p. 58. Occurs at the " Weisser Hirsch" mine, at Neu- 
 stadtel, Saxony. In capillary crystals and crystalline groups, also massive, with fine fibrous 
 fracture. G. = 3-814-^-898. Analyses : 1, 2, Winkler : 
 
 SiO a U0 3 Fe 2 3 * CaO HoO 
 
 1. 13-02 63-93 3-03 513 14'55 = 99'66. 
 
 2. 14-48 62-84 2'88 5'49 13-79 = 99'48. 
 
 * With tr. aluminum and cobalt oxides. 
 
 The formula deduced (that of Boricky) is Ca[U 2 ] 3 Si 3 Oi 6 + 9aq, which requires : Si0 2 14*26, 
 U0 3 68-46, CaO 4'44, H0 2 12 84 = 100. Weisbach, J. Min., 1880, ii., 111. 
 
128 APPENDIX III. 
 
 Genth has obtained for uranotil, from Mitchell Co., N. C. (|) : Si0 2 13-72, U0 3 66 '67, 
 A1 2 O 3 , Fe 2 3 tr., PbO 0-60, BaO 0'28, SrO 0'13, CaO 6 67, P 2 5 0'29, H 2 O 12-02 = 100-88, 
 for which he calculates the formula : Ca 3 (U0 2 ) fi Si G O 2 i + 18aq, requiring: SiOo 13 95, UO 3 
 60-98, CaO 6 51, H 2 12-56 = 100. Amorphous. H. = 2'5. Gr. = 3'834. Amer. Cheni. 
 Journ., i., 88, 1879. 
 
 TJrvolgyite. See Herrengrundite, p. 57. 
 
 Urusite. See Sideronatrite, p. 109. 
 
 VAALITE. App. II., p. 58. 
 
 VALENTINITE, Min., p. 184. On barite from Nagybanya, Brun, Z. Kryst., v., 105, 1880. 
 
 VALLERHTE. App. II., p. 58. 
 
 VANADINITE, Min., p. 184; App. II., p. 59. Cryst., Kappel, Carinthia, v. ZepharovicJi, 
 Lotos, 1876 (J. Min., 1876, 561); Kappel, Carinthia, Vrba, Z. Kryst., iv., 353, 1880. Cor- 
 doba, Websky, Ber. Ak. Berlin, 1880, 799, and Z. Kryst., v., 542, 1881. 
 
 Analyses, Wanlock-Head, Dumfriesshire, Frenzel, Min. Petr. Mitth., iii., 504, 1881. 
 Cordoba Rammelsberg, Ber. Ak. Berlin, 1880, 661. Occurrence at Bolet, Sweden, Norden- 
 strom, G-eol. For. Forh , iv., 209, 1878; anal. Nordstrom, ib., iv., 267, 1879. 
 
 Occurrence in brilliant red crystals at the Hamburg, and other mines in the Silver Dis- 
 trict, Yuma Co., Arizona, B Silliman, Am. J. Sc., III., xxii., 198, 1881. At the Castle 
 Dome mines, W. P. Blake, Min. Sc. Press, Aug. 13 (Am. J. Sc., xxii., 410), 1881. 
 
 VANADIOLITE. App. I., p. 16. 
 VANADITE. Min., p. 610; App. II., p. 59. 
 
 Vanuxemite. C. U. Shepard, Contrib. Min., 1876. A product of the decomposition of 
 zinc ores at Sterling Hill, N. J. Occurs in irregular patches in a firm ochery aggregate. 
 Massive, with an even or conchoidal fracture. Color white ; dull. H. = 2-5-3. G. = 2 '5. 
 Does not adhere to the tongue, but emits a slight clayey odor on 'being breathed upon. An 
 analysis gave : Si0 2 35 "64, A1 2 3 11 '70, ZnO 32'48-36'0, H 2 14^0-19 '88. [Obviously a 
 mixture of white clay with hydrous zinc silicate, and hence not a mineral species.] 
 
 [in p 582; App II., p. 59. The mineral called peganite from Montgomery 
 Co,, Ark., is shown by Chester (Am. J. Sc., III., xiii., 295; xv., 207) to be identical with 
 
 . . ,* ^MJtt i T^ j T -*-__ -toi+t-i OPtPA <--^,rJ rlcn-\ Yir-i-f-K 
 
 VARISCITE, Min , 
 
 V/V,'-j. XiilX.. J.k3 OlAVy VT AX WJ VX'VWVWf \J-J-AAJ.* V1 - -7 '' _ j.l_ 
 
 the variscite of Breithaupt (Min., p. 582, and Petersen, J. Min., 1871, 357), and also with 
 callainite of Damour (Min., p. 572). Occurs in crusts consisting of minute prismatic 
 crystals, in sheaf -like aggregates; also amorphous. Observed planes: J, i-'i, i-l, V, 1 l\ 
 = 114 6'. H. = 4. Lustre brilliant. Color deep emerald green, bluish green to colorless. 
 Transparent to translucent. B. B. infusible. Analysis (after deducting 70 and 50 p. c. 
 quartz) : 
 
 P 2 5 AL0 3 H 2 
 
 (I) 44-35 31-85 23-80 = 100. 
 
 This corresponds to the formula : A1 2 P 2 8 + 4aq, or the composition of variscite, ac- 
 cording to Petersen (J. Min., 1871, 357). 
 Anal., Ifelmhaclcer, Min. Petr. Mitth., ii., 245, 1879. 
 
 Vasite. See Orthite, p. 87. 
 Venasquite. See Ottrelite, p. 87. 
 
APPENDIX m. 129 
 
 Venerite. T. S. Hunt, Trans. Amcr. Inst. Min. Eng., iv., 325, 1876. 
 
 Occurs as a greenish, earthy-looking "clay ore," in irregular layers in the schists con- 
 nected with the magnetite of Jones mine, near Springfield, Berks Co., Penn. The purer 
 portions have a pea-green, or apple-green color when moist; becomes greenish white on 
 
 by 
 
 17-47, HO 12-08, insol. 6 22 = 100-37. After deducting the insoluble portion, this be- 
 comes : Si0 3 30-73, Al,0 3 14-67, Fe 2 Q 3 5-35, FeO 0-29, CuO 17-58, MgO 18-55, H 3 12-83 
 = 100. Named in allusion to the alchemistic symbol for copper. 
 
 [The substance examined is so evidently wanting in homogeneity, that it cannot be re- 
 garded as a mineral species.] 
 
 VERMICULITE, Min., p. 493 ; App. II., p. 59. Analyses (by Gooch) of varieties from 
 Lecni,. Delaware Co., Penn., and Pelham, Mass., and discussion of the relations of this 
 group of minerals, J. P. Cooke, Amer. Acad. Sc., x., 453, 1875. Anal., Walney Island, 
 Xorth Lancashire, England, Parke, Proc. York. Geol. Pol. Soc., II., iv., 254, 1877. 
 
 A related mineral (decomposition product) is called PROTOVERMICULTTE by Konig (Proc. 
 Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1877, 269). Micaceous structure. Optic-axial angle small. H. =2. 
 G-. = 2-269. Color yellowish silvery to bronze. Analysis : Si0 2 33 -28, AL0 3 14-88, Fe 2 3 
 6-36, FeO 0'57, MgO 21-52, 11,0 (combined) 3-36, H,6 (hygroscopic) 20'54, MnO,TiO a tr. 
 = 100*51. Konig (1. c.) has also analyzed the jofferisito of West Chester, Penn. 
 
 Another related mineral, from Philadelphia, is called PHILADELPHITE by H. C. Lewis 
 (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil., Dec., 1879). Micaceous. H. =1-5. G. =2'80. Color brownish red. 
 Inelastic, feel greasy; axial angle 81-89. Analysis(i): Si0 2 35-73, Al,0 3 15-77, Fco0 3 
 1946, FeO 2-18, MgO 11 '56, CaO 1-46, Na 2 ao-90, K 2 O 6-81, H 9 4*34, Ti0 2 1-03, V 2 3 
 037, MnO 0-50, NiO,CoO 0'06, CuO 008, P 2 5 0-11, Li 2 0,Cl,SO 3 , etc. tr. =100-36. 
 Another analysis by Haines gave : 88'79 Si0 2 , etc. The mineral is very hygroscopic, and 
 on heating (150-160) expands to ten times its volume; a small fragment exfoliating raised 
 50,000 times its own weight. Lewis makes a series of careful experiments to determine at 
 what temperatures the water is given off. Konig writes the formula for his mineral R 3 [R 2 ] 
 Si 3 0ia + Hs[0 and Lewis for his, R 4 [R^j?SuOfl fl + 2H 2 O; both are essentially the same as 
 other varieties already described, except "in the amount of water present. [As all the min- 
 erals of the group are, undoubtedly, decomposition products of other micas, the multiplica- 
 tion of names seems most undesirable.] 
 
 Vesbine. A name given by Scacclii to the material forming thin yellow crusts on the 
 lava of 1631, Vesuvius, which is supposed to contain a new element called by him vesbium, 
 Att. Accad. Xapoli, Dec. 13, 1879. 
 
 VESUVTANITE, Min., p. 276; App. II., p. 59. Cryst., Albani Mts., showing variation in 
 crystallographic constants, Sella, Z. Kryst., i., 251, 1877. Ural, Tarassof, Verb. Min. 
 Ges. St. Pet., II., xiv., 139, 1879. Chroth and Bucking, Min.-Samml. Strassburg, p. 199, 
 1878. 
 
 Thermo-electric character, Hankel, Pogg. Ann., civil., 162, 1876. 
 
 tetragonal character of species, that is, on the morphological side, Z. Kryst., v., 289, 1881. 
 Anal., Tschammendorf, near Strehlen, Silesia (1'77 p. c. Ti0 2 ), Schumacher, J. Min., 
 1878, 817. Jordansmiihl, Silesia (3 2-3 '4 p. c. MnO, manganidocrase), v. Lasaulx, Z. 
 Kryst., iv., 168, 1879. 
 
 VESZELYITE. App. II., p. SQ.Schrauf, Z. Kryst., iv., 31, 1879. Triclinic, monoclinic 
 in habit. Incrusting, consisting of a granular aggregate of indistinct crystalline individ- 
 uals. Occasionally in distinct crystals, combinations of the prisms and brachydomes; 
 I A /' = 10'9 Q 15', l-l A 1-*' = 95 10'. H. = 3'5-4. G. = 3'531. Color and streak greenish 
 blue. Analysis (on O'l gr.): 
 
 As 2 O 5 P 2 O 5 CuO ZnO H 2 O 
 
 10-41 9-01 37-34 25-20 17-05 = 99-01. 
 
130 APPENDIX III. 
 
 'Formula : 2(Zn,Cu) 3 As 2 8 + 9(Zn,Cu)HoO.> + 9aq; with Cu : Zn = 3 : 2, and As 2 5 
 P 2 5 = 1:1; this requires : As,0 5 12'13, P 2 5 7 -48, CuO 37'68, ZnO 25'62, 11,0 17'08 = 
 100. Closely related in form and composition to libethenite and adamite. Occurs as an 
 incrustation on granite, and on limonite, at Morawitza, in the Banat. 
 
 YICTORITE. App. II., p. 59 (18). 
 Vietinghofite. See Samarakite, p. 106. 
 VILLARSITE. Min., p. 409; App. II., p. 59. 
 VIRIDITE. App. II., p. 59. 
 
 VIVIANITE, Min., p. 556; App. II., p. 59. Anal., white variety from Amers, Belgium, 
 Dewalque, Ann. Soc. Geol. Belg., iii., 3. 
 
 YOLBORTHITE, Min., p. 611. Woskressenskoi, Perm in the Ural, Genth analyzed the coat- 
 ing on a quartzose rock, finding 8.5-55 p. c. insol., and 1445 p. c. soluble, with 4- 49 HoO. 
 The soluble portion yielded : VoO 5 13'59, CuO 38'01, BaO 4*30, CaO 4*49, H-,0 [31-60], 
 Si0 2 1-36, A1 2 O 3 4-78, Fe 2 3 0-45, MgO 1'42 = 100. Neglecting the Si0 2 ,Al 2 3 ,Fe 2 3 ,MgO, 
 and a part of the water as impurities, Genth calculates : (Cu,Ba,Ca) 3 V 2 O 8 + 3CuII 2 2 + 
 12aq, requiring : V,0 5 19-03, CuO 3841, BaO 617, CaO 6 -77, H 2 O 29'02. A second analy- 
 sis gave confirmatory results. Am. Phil. Soc. Philad., xvii., 122, 1877. 
 
 YOLTZITE, Min., p. 50. Joachimsthal, optically uniaxial, positive, Bertrand, Bull. Soc. 
 Min., iv., 59, 1881. 
 
 Vreckite. See Bhreckite, p. 15. 
 WACKENRODITE. App. II M p. 59. 
 
 WAD, Min., p. 181 ; App. II., p. 60. Anal., Londonderry, N. S., Louis, Trans. Nov. 
 Sc. Inst., iv., 427, 1878. New Caledonia (asbolite), Liversidge, Proc. Eoy. Soc. N. S. W., 
 Sept. 1, 1880. 
 
 A mineral near some varieties of wad, from Kamsdorf, Thuringia, is called LEPIDOPHJE- 
 ITE by Weisbach (J. Min., 1880, ii., 109). Structure fine fibrous and scaly. Very soft, 
 soiling the fingers. G. = 2 -89-3 -04. Lustre silky, dull. Color and streak reddish brown, 
 the latter shining. In closed tube becomes black. Soluble in HC1 with evolution of chlo- 
 rine. Analysis, Jenkins : MnO a 58 '77, MnO 9 '59, CuO 11-48, H 2 21 '05 = 100*89, corre- 
 sponding to CuMn 6 12 + 9aq, which requires : Mn0 2 58-20, MnO 9-50, CuO 10'62, H 2 O 
 21-68. 
 
 WAGNERITE, Min., p. 538; App. II., p. 60. Bauer (ZS. G. Ges., xxvii., 230, 1875) sug- 
 gests that KJERULFINE (App. II., p. 31) is probably identical with wagnerite, but more or 
 less altered; later he shows that the identity is beyond question (J. Min., 1880, ii., 75). 
 Analyses by Pisani (Bull. Soc. Min., ii., 43, 1879), Rammetiberg (ZS. G. Ges., xxxi., 107, 
 1879), Friederici (J. Min., 1880, ii., 77), agree in general with the wagnerite formula : 
 Mg 3 P 2 O s -f MgF 2 . The form and optical characters have been studied by Brogger and 
 ReuscJi (ZS. G. Ges., xxvii., 675, 1875), and Brogger (Z. Kryst., iii., 474, 1879), and a gen- 
 eral correspondence with wagnerite finally proved. 
 
 Walkerite. See Pectolite, p. 89. 
 
 WALPURGITE, App. I., p. 16; II., p. 60. According to Weisbach (J. Min., 1877, 1) the 
 crystals are triclinic, with p^seudo-monoclinic symmetry, due to twinning. Grotli confirms 
 this by an optical examination, Z. Kryst., i., 93, 1877. 
 
 WALTHERITE. See Bismutite, p. 15. 
 
APPENDIX III. 131 
 
 Waluewite. See Xanfhophyllite, p. 132. 
 
 WAPPLERITE, App. II., p. 60. Cryst. and optical description, Schrauf, Z. Kryst., iv., 
 
 281, 1880. 
 
 WARWICKITE. Min., p. 600; App. II., p. 60. 
 
 Wattevillite. Singer, Inaug. Diss. Wiirzburg, 1879, p. 18. 
 
 In very minute acicular crystals, orthorhombic or inonoclinic; in part twins; forms fine 
 fibrous aggregates. GK=1*81. Color snow white. Lustre silky. Taste first sweet, then 
 astringent. Analysis, after deducting 33*69 p. c. hygroscopic water : 
 
 S0 3 Alo0 3 FeO XiO CoO CaO MgO K 2 Na,0 H 2 
 44-01 0-24 0-88' 1'05 1-30 16-87 249 4-74 10-46 17'73 = 90-77. 
 
 Calculated formula : KSO. t + 2aq, very near polyhalite. B. B. swells up and fuses with 
 difficulty to a white blebby enamel. Very soluble in water; from the concentrated solution, 
 crystals of gypsum separate on standing, and still more quickly on warming. Found on 
 lignite, associated with other related sulphates on the Bauersburg; near Bischofsheim vor 
 dem Rhon, in Bavaria. Named after M. v. Watte ville, of Paris. 
 
 WAVELLITE. Min., p. 575; App. II., p. 60. 
 WERNERITE. See Scapolite, p. 106. 
 
 Werthemanite. Raimondi, Min. Perou, p. 244, 1878 (Domeyko, 5th Append. Min. 
 Chili, 1876). 
 
 Massive, easily reduced to powder. G. = 2-80. Color white. Gives an argillaceous 
 odor, and adheres to the tongue. Composition : A1.>S0 + 3aq. Analysis gave : S0 3 
 34-50, A1,.O 3 45-00, Fe 2 3 1-25, II 2 19-25 = 100. B. B. infusible. Soluble in acids. It 
 differs from aluminite only in containing less water. Found in a bed of clay near the 
 city of Chacliapoyas,. Peru. Pyr. as with aluminite. B. B. infusible; after ignition gives 
 a blue color with cobalt solution. Insol. in HC1, HN0 3 and aqua regia. 
 
 WESTANITE. App. I., p. 16. 
 WHEELERITE. App. II., p. 60. 
 WHEWELLITE. Min., p. 718; App. II., p. 61. 
 WHITNEYITE. Min., p. 37; App. II., p. 61. 
 WILLCOXITE. App. II., p. 61. 
 WILLEMITE. Min., p. 262; App. II., p. 61. 
 
 "WlNKLERITE. App. II., p. 61. 
 WlNKWORTHITE. App. I., p. 17. 
 
 WISERINE. Min., p. 528; App. II., p. 61. See Octahedrite, App. III., p. 85. 
 WITTICHENITE. Min., p. 98; App. II., p. 61. 
 WOHLERITE. Min., p. 291; App. II., p. 62. 
 
 WOLFACHITE. App. I., p. 17. 
 
132 APPEKDIX in. 
 
 WOLFRAMITE, Min., p. 601; App. II., p. 62. Oryst. description, Felsobanya, Krenner. 
 Min. Mitth., 1875, 9. 
 
 With tin-stone at Inverell, New South Wales, Liversidge, Proc. Roy. Soc. N. S. W., 
 Nov. 3, 1880. 
 
 WOLLASTONITE, Min., p. 210; App. II., p. 62. Anal., Santorin. Fouque, C. R., Ixxx., 
 631, 1875. 
 
 WOLLONGONGITE, App. I., p. 17. See Torbanite, p. 123. 
 WOODWARDITE. Min., p. 666; App. II., p. 62. 
 
 WULFENITE, Min., p. 607; App. II., p. 62. Occurrence in the silver district, Yuma Co., 
 Arizona; sometimes in simple octahedral crystals, B. Silliman, Am. J. Sc., III., xxii., 
 203, 1881. 
 
 Schrauf has given the name CHROMOWULFENITE to some red wulfenite containing chro- 
 mium, Ber. Ak. Wien, Ixiii., 1871. 
 
 WURTZITE, Min., p. 59. Anal., Przibram, Frenzel, J. Min., 1875, 678. 
 Description of artifical crystals, hemimorphic, like greenockite, Forstner, Z. Kryst., v., 
 363, 1881. 
 
 See also Erytlirozincite, p. 43. 
 
 XANTHIOSITE. App. II., p. 62. 
 Xantholite. See Staurolite, p. 114. 
 
 XANTHOPYLLITE, Min., p. 508. A variety is called WALUEWITE by v. Kokscharof (P. v. 
 Jeremefef, Verh. Min. Ges. St. Petersburg, II., xi., 341, 355, 1876; N. von Kokscharof , 
 Z. Kryst., ii, 51, 1877 (Min. Russl., vii., 346)). 
 
 Monoclinic in symmetry. Axes, c: I : d = 3 -2728 : 1 : 0-5768. ft = 90 0'. Observed 
 planes : 0, --*, -H, *-3, i, -, *-& ; A -\-i = 109 28' ; O A f-3 =109 28' ; -$-i A i-3 
 = 109 28^' : A -H = A L = -l_a A s_ _ _ JL A j __j = 140 46' ; these angles corre- 
 spond closely with the isometric system. Plane angle of the base 120. Twins common, simi- 
 lar to those of mica; twinning-jplane /. Cleavage: basal perfect. H. = 4'5. G. = 3093. 
 Lustre vitreous ; on cleavage plane pearly. Color leek to bottle-green. Transparent 
 to translucent. Strongly dichroic, parallel c (vert.) fine* green, perpendicular to c (vert.) 
 reddish brown. Optical properties (H. Bucking) : axial plane the clinodiagonal section; 
 bisectrix negative, inclined 32 to the normal (probable error not greater than 13'). 
 Axial angle about 20 (20-40 Des Cloizeaux, p < v). Analysis, P. v. Nikolajef : 
 
 Si0 2 Al,0 3 Fe 2 3 FeO MgO CaO HoO 
 
 16-90 43-55 2-31 0'33 17'47 13-00 5'07 = 98'63. 
 
 Found with perofskite and other species in chloritic schists in the mine Nikolaje-Maxi- 
 milianowsk, near Achmatowsk, in the southern Ural. Named after the Russian Minister, 
 P. A. von Waluew. 
 
 See also Clintonite, p. 28. 
 
 XENOTIME, Min., p. 528 ; App. II., p. 
 369; St. Gothard, ib., 1879, 536. 
 
 62. Cryst., Binnenthal, Klein, J. Min., 1875, 
 
 Occurrence at Konigshayn, Gorlitz, Silesia, v. Lasaulx, J. Min., 1877, 174. Crystals 
 compounded with zircon from Alexander Co., N. C., W. E. Hidden, Am. J. Sc., III., 
 xxi., 244, 1881. 
 
 Anal., Hitteroe, ScJiiotz, J. Min., 1876, 306. 
 
 Youngite. Hannay, Min. Mag., i., 152, 1877; ii., 88, 1878. 
 
 A coarsely crystalline, apparently homogeneous mineral. H. =6. Lustre metallic, re- 
 sembling fractured cast-iron. A specimen of unknown source yielded Hannay, analyses 1, 
 
APPENDIX III. 133 
 
 2, 3, 4 ; and a specimen from Ballarat, Australia, gave Stewart and Hood, analyses 5 
 and 6 (mean of several) : 
 
 S Pb Zn Fe Mn 
 
 1. G. =362 28-85 2092 40-07 .... 11 '13 = 100-97. 
 
 2. G. =3-59 27-50 24-22 38-46 2-83 6'93 = 99-94. 
 3 26-93 24-58 3792 2-80 6-77 = 99-00. 
 4. 28-99 22-18 % 37-75 3-14 7'00 = i9-06. 
 
 5 27-43 26-02 35'42 9-16 1-28, Sb 0-25, Si0 2 0-13 = 99'69. 
 
 6. G. =456 27-28 25-73 36'62 8'73 1-30, SiO 2 0-10 = 99-76. 
 
 Corresponds approximately to a simple sulphide containing lead and zinc, with varying 
 quantities of iron and manganese. Named after Mr. John Young, of Glasgow. 
 
 [The description of " Youngite" is very incomplete (note the disparity in the determi- 
 nations of the specific gravity), and the composition is improbable. Analyses 1 and 2, for 
 which separate formulas are given by the author, were obtained from the same specimen! 
 Beyond question a mechanical mixture.] 
 
 YTTROCERITE. Min., p. 625; App. I., p. 62. 
 Yttrogummite. See Cleveite, p. 27. 
 YTTROTANTALITE. Min., p. 519 ; App. II., p. 62. 
 
 ZARATITE, Min., p. 710. From the mines of Rapi, Province de la Mar, Peru, Raimondi, 
 Min. Perou, p. 206, 1878. 
 
 ZEPHAROVICHITE. App. I., p. 62. 
 
 ZEUNERITE, App. II. , p. 62. Cryst., and association with uranospinite, WeisbacJi, Jahrb. 
 Berg.-Hiitt., 1877, Abhandl., p. 45 (Z. Kryst., i., 394). 
 
 ZINC, Min., p. 17. Reported as found in the native state in north-eastern Alabama, W. 
 D. Marks, Am. J. Sc. III., xi., 234, 1876. 
 
 Zincaluminite. Bertrand and Damour, Bull. Soc. Min., iv., 135, 136, 1881. 
 
 In minute crystals, forming very thin hexagonal plates. Optically u^jaxial, negative, 
 and hence hexagonal, or possibly orthorhombic with I /\ I = 120 nearly (Bertrand). 
 H. = 2-5-3. G. = 2-26. Color white, or slightly bluish. Analysis, Damour, deducting 
 a little clay associated with it : 
 
 SO 3 A1.,O 3 ZnO CuO H 2 
 
 12-94 25-48 34-69 1'85 25-04 = 100. 
 
 Formula : 2ZnS0 4 + 4ZnH 2 2 + 3Al 2 H f ,0 G + 5aq, requiring : S0 3 12'48, A1 2 3 24-12, 
 ZnO 33-12, H 2 25 -28 = 100. B. B. in the closed tube gives off abundance of water. 
 Slightly alkaline. With cobalt solution on strong ignition, gives a greenish-gray mass 
 with blue at some points. On charcoal a zinc coating. Soluble in HNOa, leaving 5 to 7 
 p. c. clay. From the zinc mines of Laurium, Greece. If*. 
 
 ZINCITE. Min., p. 135; App. II., p. 63. 
 
 ZINKENITE, Min., p. 88. Anal., Sendtner, from Adlersbach, near Hausach, Kinzigthal, 
 Ann. Ch. Pharm., clxxxv., 205, 1877. 
 
 ZINNWALDITE. See Mica Group, p. 77. 
 
 Zircarbite. C. U. Sliepard, Contrib. Min., 1877. A massive, compact, or cellular, yel- 
 lowish-brown, opaque mineral. H. = 2-2-5. B. B. infusible. Chemical nature unknown. 
 With cyrtolite, at the granite quarries of Rockport, Mass. 
 
134 APPENDIX in. 
 
 ZIRCON, Min., p. 272; App. II., p. 63 Supposed to occur in microscopic twin crystals, 
 Meyer, ZS. G. Ges., xxx., 11, 352, 1878; Stapff, I. c., xxx., 133 ; xxxi., 405, 1879; Riess, 
 Min. Petr. Mitth., i., 203, 1878; Hussak, Min. Petr. Mitth., i., 277, 1878; this conclusion 
 questioned by Sauer, J. Min., 1879, 569; Rosenbusch, Att. Accad. Torino, June 19, 1881. 
 
 Large twin crystal (1-i as twinning-plane), from Renfrew, Canada, W. E. Hidden, Am. 
 J. Sc., III., xxi., 507, 1881; same observed by L. Fletcher, Z. Kryst., vi., 80, 1881. The 
 crystals from Renfrew occur with gigantic titanite crystals (p. 122), and are sometimes 
 very large. From various Italian localities, Uzielll, Accad. Line. Mem., II., iii., 862, 
 1876. 
 
 Mallard (Ann. Min., VII., x., 143, 1876) includes zircon among the pseudo-tetragonal 
 minerals. 
 
 Specific gravity determination, Church, Geol. Mag., II., ii., 322, 1875. 
 
 Anal., El Paso, Colorado, Konig, Am. Phil. Soc. Phil., xvi., 518, 1877, or Z. Kryst., i., 
 432. 
 
 Color due to state of oxidation of iron, and varied in R. F. and 0. F., Spezia, Att. Ace. 
 Torino, xii., 37, 1876. 
 
 A variety of zircon from Ceylon is called BECCARITE by Grattarola (Att. Soc. Tosc. , iv. , 
 177, 1879). Color olive green. Optically biaxial, with apparently twinned structure; a 
 basal section is divided into four sectors in polarized light. Form and other characters 
 like zircon. Analysis : Si0 2 30-30, Zr0 2 62'16, AL,0 3 2'52, CaO 3'62, ign. 30 = 98'92. 
 Named for Dr. 0. Beccari. 
 
 See also Cyrtolite, p. 33. 
 
 ZIRLITE. App. II., p. 63. 
 
 ZOBLITZITE, App. II., p. 34. Anal, (a white serpentine), Frenzel, J. Min., 1875, 680. 
 
 ZOISITE, Min., p. 290; App. II., p. 63. Anal., Syra, Ludeclce, ZS. G. Ges., xxviii., 258, 
 1876. Leiperville, Delaware Co., Pa., Konig, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1878, 83. 
 
 Cry st. (thoulite), Souland, Norway, Brogger, Z. Kryst., iii., 471, 1879. 
 
 Crystallographically and chemically investigated by Tschermak and Sipocz (Ber Ak.Wien, 
 Ixxxii., 141, 1880). The measurements (of crystals from Ducktown, Tenn., by Becke) con- 
 firm the accepted orthorhombie character. The optical characters are peculiar, in conse- 
 quence of the presence'of twin lamella. An analysis of transparent crystals from Duck- 
 town, by Ludwig, gave: SiO, 39'Cl, A1 2 O 3 32'89, Fe^On 0-91, Fe 0-71, MgO 014, CaO 
 24-50, H Q 2-12 = 100 88. This corresponds to the already accepted formula : H 2 Ca 4 
 [Al 3 ] s Si0, analogous to that epidote, in which [Fe.j] takes the place of [A1 2 ]; between 
 the two various intermediate compounds exist, according to the extent to which the iron 
 and aluminum respectively replace each other. 
 
 ZONOCHLORITE. See Prehnite, p. 96. 
 
 ZORGITE, Min., p. 43. Analyses of related minerals (Pb,Cu;Se, and (Cu,Pb) 3 Se 2 , from 
 the Andes, Pisani, C. K, Ixxx., 391, 1879. 
 
RETURN EARTH SCIENCES LIBRARY 
 
 TO ^ 642-2997 
 
 LOAN PERIOD 1 
 1 MONTH 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS 
 
 Books needed for class reserve are subject to immediate recal 
 
 DUE AS STAMPED BELOW 
 
 FORM NO. DD8 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 
 BERKELEY, CA 94720