i E R K e if Y 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF 
 CALIFORNIA 
 
 er 
 
 
 
 
PICKERING'S PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 A NEW DICTIONARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 BY CHARLES RICHARDSON. 
 
 Vol. I. Being one half the entire work, 4to. cloth boards, 2. 12s. 6d. or, 
 done up in Two Parts, cloth boards, II. 6s. 6d. each. 
 
 * 1 * A Part is published on the first of every month, price 3s. 6d. 
 each, to be completed in 30 parts, forming 2 vols. 4to. 
 
 REVIEWS AND CRITICAL NOTICES. 
 
 " MR. PICKERING has just put forth a New Dictionary of the English 
 Language, \vhich, whether we regard its extraordinary cheapness, or the extra- 
 ordinary labour and ability by which it is characterised, bids fair to rival all 
 similar publications. The work is to be completed in Thirty Parts, each Part to 
 contain eighty 4to. pages, with three columns of Diamond type upon each page ; 
 the meaning of each word is illustrated by a greater number of passages from 
 standard English writers than is to be found in any similar work ; and the read- 
 ing necessary for the supply of this immense body, must have been the labour of 
 years. A part of this Dictionary appeared, we find, in the Encyclopaedia Metro- 
 politana, and was spoken of by the Quarterly and other reviews, as the greatest 
 lexicographical achievement of the age. In its complete form it will be, to judge 
 from the sample before us, a work of unrivalled ability, labour and utility." 
 Old England. 
 
 " The compiler, who has already approved his ability for this work by what 
 he has contributed of it to the Encyclopfsdia Metropolitana, justly observes, 
 that Dr. Johnson did not execute his own project, and that the desideratum of a 
 Dictionary to ' exhibit, first, the natural and primitive signification of words, 
 then give the consequential, and then the metaphorical meaning, and the quota- 
 lions to be arranged according to the ages of the authors,' is, at the distance of 
 nearly ninety years, still more to be desiderated now, than in 1747, when the 
 learned lexicographer made his proposition to Lord Chesterfield. Mr. Richardson 
 
CRITICAL NOTICES continued. 
 derives considerable aid from Home Tooke's philological labours ; and from the 
 >art before us, we would anticipate a useful and interesting work." Literary 
 
 " The arrangement is founded upon the plan which Dr. Johnson put forth as 
 he proper mode of proceeding with his great undertaking, though he did not, 
 n the execution, adhere to his own scheme. The task which our great philo- 
 oger left unfulfilled has been performed by Mr. Richardson, with a patient 
 abour in research and collection, which Johnson, we suspect, never possessed, 
 and with means at his disposal, by the resuscitation of our ancient writers, which 
 Tohnson certainly never had. Judging from the specimen before us, the result 
 will be to present the world with the most complete Dictionary that ever was 
 published, as regards the etymology and primitive meaning of the words, the 
 successive growth of their secondary significations, the gradual advance and 
 changes of the language, the vast body of quotations from all authors, whether 
 ancient or modern, and, in consequence, the skeleton history of the English lan- 
 guage which it indirectly presents ; it will, in short, be a work indispensable to 
 every one who is curious in his mother tongue, and without which no library 
 can be considered complete." Spectator. 
 
 11 It would be impossible to speak of the value of this work within the short 
 space of a literary notice ; but thus much we can assure our readers, that in its 
 plan it is novel, and more comprehensive than any of its predecessors ; that the 
 quotations from the earliest poets, chroniclers, divines, &c. arranged in chrono- 
 locrical order, in illustration of different words, supply an admirable view of the 
 progress of the English tongue ; that reference is made to chapter and verse for 
 every quotation given ; that it is cheap ; and that the publisher engages to de- 
 liver all parts beyond thirty free of expense. No library should be without it." 
 Christian Remembrancer. 
 
 " This laborious work, of which the two first Parts are before us, is understood 
 to be completed in the manuscript ; the subscriber, therefore, incurs no risk of 
 disappointment from the non-accomplishment of the design. Of the care and 
 diligence bestowed in getting up the New Dictionary we are prepared to speak 
 in the highest praise. The paper is good, the type remarkably clear, the size 
 convenient, in every respect becoming a work of national importance. Ihe 
 radical word with its derivatives, is placed at the head of the meaning, of the 
 etymological derivation and of the quotations, by which their usages are illus- 
 trated. These quotations are selected and digested in the chronological order of 
 the writers appealed to, so that one, with oommon sagacity, may trace the 
 changes through which a word has passed down to its modern acceptation. The 
 primitive signification is thus made to give a strength and clearness to our own 
 perception of the word. We remember when it was the custom to characterize a 
 dull heavy work by the remark, " I would as soon read a Dictionary through." 
 We may now say, without drawing upon the truth, that we have a Dictionary 
 surpassing in entertainment and knowledge most books. The deep research and 
 extensive reading which have amassed this wealth of quotations, make us ac- 
 quainted with stores of thought, hitherto buried in the dust of time, or accessible 
 only to the favoured few. The divines, the poets, the dramatists, the philoso- 
 
 sign, and so perfect in its execution, should meet with indifference, or even with 
 partial success." Gloucestershire Chronicle. 
 
 " We are inclined to consider the English language as having attained th 
 fulness of maturity which leaves no wish for increase, but only anxiety for pre- 
 servation. As helps to this, we have the various acceptations, in which every 
 word has been used by approved writers, collected by Mr. Richardson, in a Dic- 
 tionary, such as, perhaps, no other language could ever boast : and we have a 
 HCW guide for the theory and use of languages, exemplifying his (Home Tooke : 
 principles, by applying them to our own tongue." Quarterly Review for March, 
 
 Pickering's Publications, 
 
THE BRIDGEWATER TREATISES. 
 
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PISCATORIAL REMINISCENCES 
 AND GLEANINGS. 
 
_""' 
 
PISCATORIAL 
 REMINISCENCES AND GLEANINGS 
 
 BY AN OLD ANGLER AND 
 BIBLIOPOLIST. 
 
 '*-&Q&*iS 
 
 TO WHICH IS ADDED A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 
 ON ANGLING. 
 
 ALDI 
 
 LONDON 
 
 WILLIAM PICKERING 
 1835 
 
CHARLES WHITTINGHAM 
 LONDON 
 
SHftl 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 A PREFACE has been so long the customary 
 method of an author introducing himself to 
 his readers, that it has become almost a 
 breach of good manners to obtrude on the 
 public notice without it. Cap in hand, then, 
 his first prefatory remark is, that the Pis- 
 catory collection which follows, was com- 
 menced by him very many years ago, solely 
 for his own amusement, and was so continued, 
 until it became of such magnitude as to awaken 
 a thought that these high-way and by-way 
 gatherings might also prove not altogether 
 unacceptable to the public in general, but 
 more particularly to the gentle brothers of the 
 craft. From boyhood to his present decline 
 in the vale of years, the author has been a 
 practical Angler, as well as a diligent collector 
 of whatever fell in his way that was in any 
 degree connected with his favourite amuse- 
 ment. As a bookseller and publisher, of some 
 little notoriety, it may be supposed that his 
 opportunities of piscatory gleaning have been 
 both numerous and varied ; and if he cannot 
 
VI PREFACE. 
 
 boast of offering much that is original, he may 
 at least claim something on the score of in- 
 dustry, in letting nothing escape unnoticed 
 that came before him. The practice of Angling 
 has been so often and so well described, that 
 while he cannot altogether pass over his 
 favourite pursuit, without some glancings at 
 the best methods of fishing with rod and 
 line ; the most judicious choice of times and 
 seasons; and the most favourable selection 
 of stations for the purpose, as they have pre- 
 sented themselves in his own practice; he, 
 nevertheless, principally builds his hope of 
 interesting the reader by his anecdotical and 
 bibliographical notices. 
 
 In this age of improvement, even our 
 sports are wont to be offered to us with a 
 philosophic halo around them. Walton long 
 ago made Angling a medium for inculcating 
 the most fervent piety and the purest mo- 
 rality. Nor can the finny tribes themselves 
 fail to excite in our minds surprise and ad- 
 miration, whether we consider the singularities 
 of their construction, the diversities of their 
 forms, or their vast importance to man. On 
 these interesting subjects, the author has 
 confined himself to a few cursory remarks 
 in his introductory chapter, and to the small 
 
PREFACE. Vll 
 
 gleanings from the labours of Cuvier and 
 Roget, which commence his Piscatorial re- 
 miniscences. Fearful of wading beyond his 
 depth, he has principally directed his atten- 
 tion to such anecdotes, and facts, as he trusts 
 will prove acceptable to the public in general, 
 and to Anglers in particular. 
 
 The subjects of the work will be offered 
 under the following divisions: 1st. Descrip- 
 tive Anecdotes of British Fishes and Fishing. 
 2nd. Descriptive Anecdotes of Foreign Fishes 
 and Fishing. 3rd. The Naturalization of Sea 
 Fish to Fresh Water. 4th. A Continuation of 
 Anecdotes connected with Fish and Fishing. 
 5th. The Bibliography of Angling, which 
 portion the author hopes will be found the 
 most complete of any previous catalogue of 
 British works on Angling. 
 
 The Editor gladly avails himself of this 
 opportunity of returning his best thanks to 
 Sir Henry Ellis, for the handsome manner 
 which he has allowed him the free use of his 
 printed and manuscript catalogue of Books 
 on Angling, which gives considerable interest 
 to the volume. 
 
 T. B. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 As the aqueous surface of the globe is sup- 
 posed to exceed the terrestrial by one third, 
 it is evident that the inhabitants of the seas 
 and rivers must form a very distinguished 
 feature in Zoology. In the vast world of 
 waters the animal kingdom presents the ex- 
 tremes of bulk and minuteness ; from the 
 myriads of minute beings, which would be 
 invisible to us without the assistance of the 
 microscope, up to those stupendous masses, 
 whales and cachalots. Until natural history 
 attained some precision, the term " fish," 
 however, was often misapplied, and was used 
 to include all aquatic animals whatever ; 
 thus cetaceous, molluscous, and crustaceous 
 animals were most erroneously admitted into 
 the class of Fishes. 
 
 Fortunately for the necessary precision of 
 zoological classification, fish are now readily 
 separated from other vertebrated animals, by 
 their capability of absorbing atmospherical 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 air through the medium of water. Air is the 
 pabulum vita equally of the fish and the 
 fisher, but with a difference which at first 
 sight fills our minds with astonishment ; for 
 reverse their several positions, and death is 
 the inevitable consequence. When we say 
 fish breathe through the medium of water, we 
 assert what is readily demonstrable : for im- 
 merse a fish into distilled water, which is only 
 water deprived of its air, and such fish dies 
 as quickly as a man submerged. Water, in 
 its natural state, restores to the blood of fishes 
 its vital and arterial qualities, by means of 
 the oxygen contained in the air, which the 
 water holds in suspension ; the machinery for 
 this purpose, in fishes, being within the gills, 
 as in ourselves it is within the lungs. Their 
 organisation, like that of quadrupeds, is sup- 
 ported by means of a skeleton, either bony 
 or cartilaginous ; and their motions are effected 
 by muscular masses, nourished by red, but 
 cold blood ; such muscular masses being, as 
 in ourselves, excited into action by nervous 
 influence derived from a brain, and distributed 
 by means of a spinal rope of medullary matter. 
 The extremities of quadrupeds are represented 
 in fishes by fins, which perform their mo- 
 tions with surprising strength and celerity. 
 
INTRODUCTION. XI 
 
 By the dorsal and anal fins their lateral move- 
 ments are effected ; elevation and depression 
 are promoted by the pectoral ; the caudal or 
 tail-Jin propels them forward, the ventral 
 supports them when stationary; and many 
 are further assisted in rising or depressing 
 themselves by an air bladder. Numerous 
 facts disprove the opinion that the senses of 
 fishes are not acute. The eye of the trout, 
 fixed and immoveable as it is, sees from the 
 bottom of the river the minutest midge or 
 gnat as soon as it drops, and the lively worm 
 is taken with eagerness, when one that is 
 dead or diseased, is refused, as much pro- 
 bably by the exercise of the olfactory, as of 
 the visual powers. The scepticism now so 
 fashionable with regard to the virtues of cer- 
 tain oils used by old fishermen, is probably 
 erroneous, and it is not unlikely that the se- 
 baceous glands in the heron's legs are at- 
 tractive to fish. Nor are fishes without the 
 sense of hearing, although destitute of either 
 external conch or internal cochlea, for the 
 firing of a gun will cause the basking fishes 
 immediately to fall to the bottom. Their 
 taste is displayed in refusing certain mat- 
 ters, while others are taken with avidity: 
 neither are their organs of touch so obtuse as 
 
Xll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 is supposed. The poacher tickles the trout, 
 and the sleeping jack can only be haltered 
 by passing the wire over his body without its 
 touching him. 
 
 The propagation of fish also offers subjects 
 of much admiration. The greater number are 
 oviparous, but they are careful to deposit 
 their ova in situations, where they are pro- 
 tected, as well as in such as afford food and 
 shelter for the young fry. As the members 
 of this class mostly prey upon each other, it 
 was necessary that their continuance should 
 be guarded by their numbers, and thus hun- 
 dreds of thousand eggs are deposited in the 
 annual spawnings of some fish. Fish are 
 not stationary : at one time they affect the 
 littoral, at another the pelagic waters : many 
 make extensive migrations, and the vast 
 journey ings of the herrings are not a fable, 
 but on the contrary, are instinctive move- 
 ments of the shoals, either in search of 
 food, or of convenient spawning grounds. 
 For this purpose the salmon tribe become at 
 one period of the year inhabitants of Rivers, 
 and at another of the Ocean. 
 
 Of the importance of fish to mankind, 
 the anecdotical part of this volume affords 
 sufficient proof. From the earliest times the 
 
INTRODUCTION. Kill 
 
 inhabitants of the sea- shore have been 
 almost supported by fish, and the transpor- 
 tation of them from place to place, as a 
 luxury, is no less diffusive of wealth and 
 employment. When their numbers become 
 overwhelming in appearance, they can be 
 rendered valuable for manure. Our houses 
 are illuminated by the oil they yield ; their 
 bones are converted to a thousand useful 
 purposes ; their skins are not without utility 
 to the arts, and their scales ornament the per- 
 sons of the loveliest part of the creation. 
 
 A systematic classification of fishes greatly 
 assists the study of their nature and proper- 
 ties ; in accordance with which view the fol- 
 lowing slight sketch is submitted of their 
 arrangement under the Natural System of 
 the late Baron Cuvier, where they form the 
 last class of vertebrated animals, divisible into 
 two grand families of bony and cartilaginous 
 fishes, or of acanthopterygians and chondrop- 
 terygians, the first of which divisions, it 
 may be remarked, embraces more than three 
 fourths of all the known fishes. The sub- 
 divisions are as follow: 
 
XiV INTRODUCTION. 
 
 THE FIRST SERIES OF FISHES, OR 
 ACANTHOPTERYGII. 
 
 I. Acanthopterygii (proper). This order presents mem- 
 
 bers interesting to the Angler ; as the perch, the 
 miller' s-thumb, and the stickle-bat. The marine 
 members of the order are very numerous, of which 
 the mackerel) basse, and gurnard, form familiar 
 instances. The principal characteristic of the 
 order is the spinous processes furnished by the 
 dorsal fin. 
 
 II. Malacopterygii Abdominales. This order includes 
 
 the greatest number of objects of angling sports, 
 as the carp, the tench, the barbel, the gudgeon, 
 &c. A second family of the order embraces the 
 pike, as a third owns the widely diffused sal- 
 monida, and the more important one of the trutta 
 or trout. The Cuverian characters of this order 
 are the suspension of the ventral fins to the under 
 part of the belly, and behind the pectoral fins, 
 without being attached to the humeral bone. 
 
 III. Malacopterygii Subbrachiati. This order presents 
 
 as its first family, the gadites, whose type is the 
 well known cod, with its varieties of haddock, 
 whiting, hake, pollock, &c. In another family 
 the epicure will find the turbot, with the vast tribe 
 known zsjlat-fish. This order is characterised by 
 ventrals attached under the pectorals, and a pelvis 
 which is immediately suspended to the bones of 
 the shoulder. 
 
 IV. Malacopterygii Apodes. This order is principally 
 
 confined to one natural family, of which the fa- 
 
INTRODUCTION. XV 
 
 miliar type is the murana, or eel, or of fishes 
 which have an elongated form, a thick and soft 
 skin, which scarcely suffers their scales to appear, 
 but few crests and caeca. Almost all have nata- 
 tory bladders, which frequently exhibit singular 
 forms. 
 
 V. Lophobranchii. That singular figure which we meet 
 
 with, called the hippocampus, or sea-horse, is a 
 prominent instance of this confined order; the 
 distinctive characters of which are drawn from 
 peculiarities in the gills, which, " instead of be- 
 ing, as usual, pectiniform, are divided into little 
 round tufts, singularly disposed in pairs along 
 the branchial arch.' 7 The lophobranchii are also 
 cuirassed from one extremity of the body to 
 the other; this renders them mostly angular in 
 figure. 
 
 VI. Plectognathi. This order offers forms of the most 
 
 grotesque figures, as seen in the inflated bodies of 
 the balloon and globe fishes, and in that of the 
 moon-fish. The plectognathi are either very pug- 
 nacious in their own disposition, or otherwise 
 very liable to the attack of others, as their ample 
 means of offence and defence testify : some are 
 surrounded with prickles, or are armed with 
 spear-like excrescences, or formidable teeth. Other 
 distinctive characters of this orde are derived 
 from peculiarities in the bones of the head. The 
 balistes, which is a member of this order, is so 
 named from its fancied resemblance to the ancient 
 warlike engine called balistes, which projected 
 darts to a great distance. The marine balistes 
 have a long spine inclined on the back, which 
 
XVI INTRODUCTION. 
 
 they can elevate at pleasure, and seriously wound 
 any antagonist. 
 
 THE SECOND SERIES OF FISHES, OR 
 CHONDROPTERYGII. 
 
 Whilst the members of the first class, as already ob- 
 served, present a skeleton essentially osseous, the 
 skeletons of the chondropterygii are cartilaginous 
 only. The fishes of this series, however, are of 
 great power and magnitude, and are divided into 
 such as breathe by means of free gills, and such 
 as have confined branchiae. 
 
 The First Order of Chondropterygii,or the Seventh Order of 
 Fishes, generally embraces the Sturiones, or chon- 
 dropterygious tribes, with free gills. The sturgeon, 
 which is the most prominent of these, is well 
 known for his great size, the firmness of his flesh, 
 and the mailing of his skin. 
 
 The Second Order of Chondropterygii^ the Eighth Order 
 of Fishes generally, is composed of such as have 
 fixed gills ; that is, of such as, instead of having 
 gills free at the external edge, which allows the water 
 to escape by one common opening, eject it by a 
 series of holes or perforations in the common inte- 
 gument. Of the genera which compose this order, 
 the Shark and Ray are the most prominent in- 
 stances. 
 
PISCATORIAL REMINISCENCES 
 AND GLEANINGS. 
 
 I HAVE inserted a few preliminary observations 
 upon the structure, body, and senses of Fishes, 
 culled from Cuvier, and Dr. Roget's admirable 
 work, " Animal and Vegetable Physiology," &c. 
 &c. EDITOR. 
 
 THE body of a fish is nearly of the same specific 
 gravity as the water it inhabits. The effect of gra- 
 vity is therefore almost wholly counterbalanced 
 by the buoyant force of that fluid ; for the weight 
 of a mass of water equal in bulk to the body 
 itself, is the exact measure of this buoyant force. 
 If this weight were precisely the same as that of 
 the fish, the animal would be able to remain sus- 
 pended in any part of the fluid without the neces- 
 sity of employing any voluntary motion or exer- 
 tion for that purpose ; but as the body of a fish is 
 generally a little heavier than the fluid medium. 
 
I PISCATORIAL REMINISCENCES 
 
 especially if it be fresh water, it is necessary for 
 the animal to give its body some degree of motion, 
 in order to prevent its sinking. Dr. Roget. 
 
 FORM OF FISHES, 
 
 We cannot fail to perceive, on the most cur- 
 sory glance, the beautiful adaptation of the form 
 and structure of all these animals to the properties 
 of the element in which they are destined to 
 reside. In order that the fish might glide through 
 the fluid without the least resistance, all its vital 
 organs have been collected into a small compass, 
 and the body has been reduced into a compact 
 oval, compressed laterally, and tapering to a thin 
 edge both before and behind, for the purpose of 
 readily clearing the water as the fish darts for- 
 ward, and also obviating the retardation that 
 might arise from the reflux of the water collected 
 behind. Dr. Roget. 
 
 The entire structure of fish is evidently adapted 
 to swimming, as that of birds to flight ; suspended 
 in a fluid nearly as heavy as themselves, the 
 former have no need of wings to sustain them in 
 it. A great number of species have (immediately 
 under the spine) an air-vessel, which, by compres- 
 sion or dilatation, changes the specific gravity of 
 the fish, and assists it in arising or descending in 
 the water. Progression is executed by the motion 
 of the tail, right and left. Cuvier. 
 
AND GLEANINGS. 
 
 Progressive motion of fishes is effected by the 
 simplest means ; the principal instrument em- 
 ployed for this purpose is the tail ; for the fins 
 are merely auxiliary organs, serving chiefly to 
 balance the body, whilst it receives its propul- 
 sion from the tail. A fish moves in the water on 
 the same principle as a boat is impelled by 
 sculling. Dr. Roget. 
 
 ORGANS OF FISH. HEARING. 
 
 Artedij and many celebrated authors, maintain 
 that fish hear, and that all cetaceous fishes have 
 the auditory passages apparent. 
 
 Sivammerdam also asserts that fish hear, and 
 adds, that they have a wonderful labyrinth of the 
 ear for that purpose. 
 
 John Hunter supposes that fish are possessed 
 of the perfect organs of hearing : and that the 
 organ creating that power consists of a hard 
 substance resembling gristle, and in some species 
 crusted over with a thin plate of bone that admits 
 of no collapse, and which he denominates an ear. 
 
 When I was at Moorshedabad, the collector 
 had a large tank full of fish, that were petted by 
 his daughter, who erected a bell, which, when 
 rung, brought all the fish from the different parts 
 of the pool, to be fed. So tame were they, that 
 
4 PISCATORIAL REMINISCENCES 
 
 they took bread out of the hands of their young 
 mistress. As no animals have stronger instincts 
 than fish, I see no reason why they should not be 
 capable of recognizing, and perhaps attaching 
 themselves to them that feed them. 
 
 Medwins Angler in Wales. 
 
 FINE SENSE OF SMELL IN FISH. 
 
 M. La Cepede observes, that their smell is the 
 most exquisite. The distance which a fish will 
 traverse in pursuit of prey, attracted by odorous 
 emanations, is immense. The seat of smell is the 
 true eye of fish, which directs them in thickest 
 darkness, in the most troubled and agitated 
 waters. There is every reason to believe that 
 certain odours attract or repel fish ; this seems 
 unquestionable. The seat of this sense is in their 
 nostrils. Cuvier. 
 
 SPEAKING, OR VOICE, OF FISH. 
 
 How do we know that fish have not as many, 
 and perhaps more vocal expressions, than birds ; 
 they all of them seem to have been formed nearly 
 upon the same model. Some fly, others swim. 
 It is written in Genesis, that God created at the 
 same time birds and fishes, from the bosom of the 
 waters. Fishes are provided with the five senses. 
 Why should they not have the faculty of speak- 
 ing like the rest ? Water is thoroughly penetrated 
 with the air which we breathe : why might they 
 
AND GLEANINGS. 5 
 
 not, from that air, and a tongue and throat, form 
 vibrations and sounds, too nice for our ears, but 
 might be heard in every species. There are many 
 sounds in the air which we do not hear ; how 
 much more in the water noises insensible to us ; 
 and fishes by that means speak, without being 
 audible to us. Gent. Mag. ix. 228. 
 
 Mr. Thompson of Hull says, it has been often 
 remarked that fish have no voices. Some tench, 
 which I caught in ponds, made a croaking, like a 
 frog, for a full half hour, whilst in the basket at 
 my shoulder. When the herring is caught, it 
 utters a shrill cry like a mouse. Also, the gur- 
 nard will continue to grunt, like a hog, some time 
 after it is taken, and, some say, make a noise like 
 a cuckoo, from which he takes one of his country 
 names. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. iii. 
 
 Mr. Yarrell observes : The maigre, a large 
 sea fish, when swimming in shoals, utters a grunt- 
 ing or purring noise, that may be heard from a 
 depth of twenty fathoms ; and, taking advantage 
 of this circumstance, three fishermen once took 
 twenty maigres by a single sweep of their net. 
 
 The coasts of Great Britain do yield such a 
 continued sea harvest of gain and benefit to all 
 those that with diligence do labour in the same, 
 that no time or season of the year passeth away 
 
PISCATORIAL REMINISCENCES 
 
 without some apparent means of profitable em- 
 ployment, especially to such as apply themselves 
 to fishing, which, from the beginning of the year 
 to the latter end, continueth upon some part or 
 other of our coasts ; and these, in such infinite 
 shoals and multitudes of fishes, are offered to the 
 takers. Sir John Boroughs. 
 
 This harvest (says Mr. Barrow) is ripe for 
 gathering at all seasons, without payment of rent 
 and taxes, tillage, manure, &c. &c. it is inexhaus- 
 tible, owing to the extraordinary fecundity of fish 
 of the most valuable kinds. 
 
 THE FECUNDITY OF FISH. 
 
 Although the ova are in most instances propor- 
 tionably smaller than in any other class of animals, 
 the ovaria in many fish are larger than the body. 
 Thus the herring produces from 20,000 to 37,000 ; 
 the carp, upwards of 200,000 ; the tench, 380,000; 
 the' flounder, a million. Med.Ang. in Wales. 
 
 MR. HARMER'S TABLE. 
 
 Weight. Spawn, 
 
 Carp 16 oz 101,200 
 
 Cod 15 Ib ..3,687,760 
 
 Flounder 3 oz 133,407 
 
 Herring 4 oz 32,663 
 
 Lobster 14 oz 7,227 
 
 Mackarel 20 oz 454,961 
 
AND GLEANINGS. / 
 
 Weight. Spawn. 
 
 Perch 8J oz 28,323 
 
 Pickerel 56 oz 49,304 
 
 Prawn 127 gr 3,806 
 
 Shrimp 17 J d 3,057 
 
 Roach 2 oz 9,604 
 
 Smelt 2 oz 38,278 
 
 Sole 14 oz 38,772 
 
 Tench 40 oz 383,252 
 
 Phil. Transact. 1767, Article xxx. 
 
 There are many additions to this table, and 
 different weights to each fish ; but the first line is 
 sufficient to show the amazing produce of a single 
 fish. Editor. 
 
 According to Lemvenhoeck, a single sturgeon's 
 roe amounted to the amazing number of one hun- 
 dred and fifty thousand million of eggs, and the 
 roe of a crab to four millions and ninety-six 
 thousand, also a middling- size cod to nine million 
 and three hundred and eighty-four thousand. 
 
 VARIETY OF FISH BROUGHT TO MARKET AT 
 IIAVERFORD-WEST IN ONE DAY. 
 
 Lobster, Shad, 
 
 Crab, Pilchard, 
 
 Prawn, Garr, 
 
 Segar, Conger, 
 
 Oyster, Sand Eel, 
 
PISCATORIAL REMINISCENCES 
 
 Cockle, Eel, 
 
 Muscle, Hound, 
 
 Shrimp, Flounder, 
 
 Salmon, Plaise, 
 
 Trout, Sole, 
 
 Turbot Ray, 
 
 Mackerel, Mullet, 
 
 Cod, Bass, 
 
 Whiting, Gurnard, 
 
 Colefish, Ballan, 
 
 Bibb, Trout. 
 Herring, Gent. Mag. 
 
 HATCHING SPAWN OF FISH. 
 
 The Chinese have a method of hatching the 
 spawn of fish, and thus protecting it from those 
 accidents which ordinarily occur to so large a 
 portion of it. The fishermen collect, with care, 
 on the margin and surface of the waters, all those 
 gelatinous masses which contain the spawn of 
 fish. After they have found a sufficient quantity, 
 they fill with it the shell of a fresh hen's egg, 
 which they have previously emptied, stop up the 
 holes, and put it under a sitting fowl. At the 
 expiration of a certain number of days, they 
 break the shell in water warmed by the sun. The 
 young fry are presently hatched, and are kept 
 in pure fresh water till they are large enough to 
 be thrown into a pond with the old fish. The sale 
 
AND GLEANINGS. 
 
 of spawn, for this purpose, forms an important 
 branch of trade in China. Vide in this book fish 
 in China. Lit. Gems. 
 
 In China, in the month of May, a great num- 
 ber of ships are employed by the country people 
 in the sale of fish spawn, which they sell to mer- 
 chants by measure, and send it into the country 
 to stock ponds, &c. &c. 
 
 Gr 'osier, Desc. de la Chine, vol. i. 
 
 Dr. Bradley, professor of botany in the Uni- 
 versity of Cambridge, in his " Treatise on Hus- 
 bandry," speaks of having hatched the spawn of 
 fish in earthen pans filled with water, having a 
 coat of earth at the bottom ; adding fresh river 
 water every other day, with wheat flour, grated 
 bread for roach, dace, bleak, &c. besides pike, 
 eel, and flounders, in other pans. 
 
 Gent. Mag. Ixxiii. 1108. 
 
 Blumenbach, in his " Manual of Natural His- 
 tory," mentions the reproductive power, and inde- 
 pendent vitality, with reference to the amphibia. 
 The extraordinary strength of the reproductive 
 power in several amphibia, and the astonishing 
 facility with which the process is carried on, de- 
 pend, if I mistake not, on the great magnitude 
 of their nerves, and the diminitive proportion of 
 their brain, &c. &c. 
 
10 PISCATORIAL REMINISCENCES 
 
 The following may serve as one of the many 
 instances of Providence in the main producing 
 system, and is every where maintained. Even 
 insects people inland ponds and streams with fish, 
 and are often carried by themselves to great dis- 
 tances. The great river beetle, which lives ha- 
 bitually on the eggs of fishes, climbs sometimes 
 in the evening, on the reeds, high enough for its 
 flight, and then takes wing. One was caught 
 whilst flying, and being put into water, it emitted 
 the eggs by which it was gorged, some, in part 
 digested, and some not at all ; these eggs pro- 
 duced fish of various sorts. Bullet. E7mv..l829, 
 p. 145; Gill's Tech. Rep. 1828, p. 333. 
 
 SOME OF THE USES TO WHICH FISH ARE APPLIED. 
 FISH MADE INTO BREAD AND BISCUIT. 
 
 At the city of Escier they dry their fish in the 
 sun, and, by its extreme heat, reduce them to 
 powder, like meal, and knead them into loaves, or 
 mix them into a liquid form like frumenty ; and in 
 consequence of the scarcity of grain, the natives 
 make a kind of biscuit of the substance of the 
 larger fish (suppose tunny), in the following 
 manner ; first, they chop it up into very small 
 particles, and moisten the preparation with a 
 liquor rendered thick and adhesive by a mixture 
 of flour, which gives to the whole the consistence 
 of paste. This they form into a kind of bread, 
 
AND GLEANINGS. 11 
 
 which they dry in the sun ; a stock of these bis- 
 cuits are laid up to serve the year's consumption. 
 Besides feeding on it themselves, they accustom 
 their cattle, cows, camels and horses, to feed on 
 dried fish. 
 
 M. Polo's Travels, by Marsden, 4to. p. 729. 
 
 The Indians in all the Upper Oroonoko, fry 
 fish, and dry them in the sun, and reduce them 
 to powder without separating the bones. I have 
 seen masses of fifty pounds of this flour, which 
 resembles that of cassava. When it is wanted 
 for eating, it is mixed with water, and reduced 
 to a paste. Humboldt. 
 
 Savage nations, as the Kamstschatdales, Brar- 
 zilians, &c. possess the art of preparing fish in a 
 great variety of ways, even as a kind of flour for 
 bread, &c. &c. 
 
 The inhabitants of the eastern coast of Middle 
 Asia clothe themselves in the tanned skin of 
 fishes, &c.* Medwin. 
 
 Cows, horses, and sheep, feed on fish in Per- 
 sia ; the cows have humps, and resemble those 
 of India. Milk, butter, and ghee are very abun- 
 dant ; this is more remarkable, as the cattle have 
 but little pasture, and their chief food is dried 
 Jish 9 a little salted ; they are very fond of this, 
 and with pounded date-stones, it is their chief 
 
12 PISCATORIAL REMINISCENCES 
 
 food for a large portion of the year ; the milk is 
 riot spoiled; all thrive on this diet. 
 
 Frasers Travels. 
 
 FISH, AS MANURE. 
 
 Fish forms a powerful manure in whatever state 
 it is applied. The refuse of pilchards is used in 
 Cornwall, throughout the county, as manure, 
 with excellent effect, the pilchards are usually 
 mixed with sand, oil, or sea-weed, to prevent 
 them raising too luxuriant a crop. The effects 
 are perceived for years. 
 
 It is easy to explain the operation of fish as 
 manure, skin gelatinous, fat or oil is found in 
 all fishes, &c. &c., a single pilchard will manure 
 a foot of ground. 
 
 London's Encyclop. Agricult. 
 
 It appears, from a report of the Doncaster 
 Agricultural Association, that whale oil has been 
 employed as a manure for turnip crops at one- 
 third the expense of bone manure. 
 
 Lit. Gaz. June 13, 1835. 
 
 * # * Many other notices of fish as manure are 
 inserted under the heads of the different fish. 
 
 SHIP SAVED BY A FISH. 
 
 In the year 1825, a vessel from Europe, bound 
 to Quebec, struck against some loose ice, and 
 sprung a leak below low water, which entered so 
 
AND GLEANINGS. 13 
 
 fast, as to defy the utmost exertions of the crew to 
 keep the hold clear. J ust as they were on the point 
 of taking to their boats, the leak was discovered 
 to have suddenly stopped ; every person on board 
 was astonished, nor could they account for it ; a 
 few days after brought them into port, where, 
 on examination, a large hole was found beaten 
 through the plank, in which was a live fish, ex- 
 actly filling the orifice, which thus saved the ship. 
 Fish and Fisheries. 
 
 BRIDGE SUPPORTED BY MUSCLES. 
 
 Biddeford bridge is supported, and prevented 
 from being driven away, by strong threads of 
 muscles fixed to the stone work. . The corpora- 
 tion keep boats in employ to bring muscles to it, 
 and persons are liable to transportation who re- 
 move these muscles. Dr. Cruwys. 
 
 INDIAN INK. 
 
 Mr. Bennett says that several large cepha- 
 lopodous animals, as loligo of Lamarck, calmars 
 of Cuvier, were frequently taken in a sein at 
 Port Jackson ; they discharged, when captured, 
 a large quantity of thick black fluid, a very 
 minute proportion of which renders turbid a large 
 quantity of water. It is from this fluid that the 
 material known by the name of China, or Indian 
 ink is manufactured. The ancients used this fluid 
 also as writing ink. 
 
14 PISCATORIAL REMINISCENCES 
 
 LIMPET FORMING A MARKING INK. 
 
 Of the species of Limpet, a shell fish found 
 here (Minehead) at low water, some are red, others 
 white, black, brown, yellow, and sand colour; 
 when the shell is picked off, there will appear 
 a light vein lying traversely in a little furrow 
 next the head of the fish, which may be taken 
 out by a bodkin or any other pointed instrument, 
 and will form an excellent marking ink. The 
 letters or figures made with this liquor will change 
 to several colours, when placed in the sun, ac- 
 cording to the time of day and season of the 
 year, and will ultimately finish in a fair bright 
 crimson, which, after being laid out to dry, will 
 abide all future washing. 
 
 Collinsons Hist, of Somerset. 
 
 PRESERVATION OF FISH. 
 
 Dr. M' Culloch, of Edinburgh, has ascertained 
 that the antiseptic quality of sugar is sufficient 
 to preserve fish in most excellent condition. He 
 states that this substance is so active, that fish 
 may be preserved in a dry state, and perfectly 
 fresh, by means of sugar alone, and even with a 
 very small quantity of it. He has thus kept 
 salmon, whitings, and cod, for an indefinite 
 length of time ; and by this simple means fresh 
 fish may be kept in that state some days, so as to 
 
AND GLEANINGS. 15 
 
 be as good when boiled as when just caught. It 
 is added, that if dried and kept free from mouldi- 
 ness, there seems no limit to their preservation ; 
 and they are much better this way than when 
 salted. The sugar gives no disagreeable taste. 
 This process is particularly valuable in making 
 what is called kippered salmon ; and the fish 
 preserved in this manner are far superior in qua- 
 lity and flavour to those which are salted or 
 smoked. If desired, as much salt may be used 
 as to give the taste that may be required ; but 
 this substance does not conduce to their preser- 
 vation. In the preparation, it is barely necessary 
 to open the fish, and to apply the sugar in the 
 muscular part, placing it in an horizontal position 
 for two or three days, that this substance may 
 penetrate. After this it may be dried ; and it is 
 only further necessary to wipe and ventilate it 
 occasionally, to prevent mouldiness. A table- 
 spoonful of brown sugar is sufficient, in this man- 
 ner, for a salmon of five or six pounds weight; 
 and if salt is desired, a tea-spoonful or more may 
 be added. Saltpetre may be used instead, in the 
 same proportion, if it is desired to make the 
 kipper hard. 
 
 Placing fish in ice when in a putrefactive state 
 will stop the decomposition it must be cooked 
 immediately it is taken out of the ice. 
 
 Council of Health, Paris. 
 
16 PISCATORIAL REMINISCENCES 
 
 PRESERVATION OF FISH DURING CARRIAGE. 
 
 The belly of the fish to be opened, and the 
 internal parts sprinkled with powdered charcoal. 
 New Monthly Mag. 
 
 The most favourable time to transport fish 
 from one place to another, is the winter, provided 
 it is not too cold, the age from three to four 
 years. Soninis Buff on. 
 
 LONGEVITY OF FISHES. 
 
 Respecting the longevity of fishes, from rea- 
 soning we might be induced to conjecture, that 
 it was not intended by nature that the duration 
 of their lives should be fixed to such a short 
 space of time, nor the expansion of size, to such 
 narrow limits, as that of terrestrial animals; for 
 the bones of fishes are so much of a cartilaginous 
 nature, as to admit of being expanded by a 
 natural increment for a much greater number of 
 years than the harder bones of land animals. In 
 the royal pond at Marli, in France, there are 
 some fishes that are said to have been preserved 
 since the time of Francis 1. Dr. Anderson. 
 
 CHINESE ART OF FATTENING FISH. 
 
 Tanks and small ponds are generally met with 
 in gardeners' grounds, where they are used to 
 fatten fish in, and afterwards to water the garden, 
 
AND GLEANINGS. 17 
 
 this stew, or pond, is filled with as many young 
 store fish as it will hold, which can be easily 
 done, as almost all the fish in China are brought 
 to market alive placed in the stew, they are 
 regularly fed morning and evening, their food is 
 chiefly boiled rice, to which is added the blood of 
 any animals they may kill, the wash from their 
 stewing-pots and dishes, or any offal or vegetable 
 matter which the fish will eat : it is also said that 
 some olaceous medicaments are used, to make 
 them more voracious, but of this the writer could 
 obtain no authentic account. Fish so fed, and 
 treated, advance in size rapidly; a species of 
 perch from three to four inches, arrive to eight or 
 nine inches in a few months, and are then brought 
 to market, ---the pond is entirely cleared out once 
 a year. Journal of Science, 1827. 
 
 COMMENDATIONS UPON ANGLING. 
 
 The art of angling, or fishing, says Daubenton, 
 places within the reach of man a number of ani- 
 mated beings which furnish us with nutriment, 
 though separated from us by the different ele- 
 ment which they inhabit ; man triumphs over all 
 obstacles by the superiority of his understanding, 
 framing the most ingenious methods, drawing 
 the fishes from the bottom of their waters, where 
 they considered themselves sheltered from his 
 attacks. 
 
18 PISCATORIAL REMINISCENCES 
 
 Fishing seems to have preceded all other 
 sports. Some authors say that Belus was the 
 first inventor of this art. It is probable that 
 after the deluge, as fish being the only animals 
 that were not destroyed, fishing naturally became 
 the first art that Noah and his family practised, 
 to obtain their subsistence. 
 
 This art, also, was well known to the Greeks 
 in the time of Homer : the Romans were still 
 more perfect in it. Plutarch also informs us 
 that Marc Anthony and Cleopatra were great 
 lovers of the art of angling, which was their prin- 
 cipal recreation. The Gauls, also, were not 
 ignorant of this art, as they passed a law, with a 
 fine, to prevent persons fishing for eels with a net. 
 If we consider that fish are almost alone in their 
 possession of the waters, which forms the greatest 
 part of the globe, we may have a proper idea of 
 the importance of fishing, when we reflect that 
 the element which they inhabit is so naturally 
 opposed to our immediate access to it, we may 
 conceive what skill and patience are required 
 to subdue such a numerous class of animals. 
 Fishing followed the progress of civilization, and 
 is become a great and important branch of com- 
 merce to most nations. Angling, as an offset of 
 this great art, is considered an agreeable relax- 
 ation, and is particularly so to the sedentary, 
 and also to such as have been overtaken by 
 
AND GLEANINGS. 19 
 
 declining years, when few active enjoyments are 
 left to us. 
 
 Angling is a diversion suited to the rich as 
 well as to the more humble in life. When 
 judiciously followed, it is both a healthy and 
 an interesting pursuit. 
 
 Thus it is remarked again, 
 
 " In the art of angling man hath none to 
 quarrel with but himself, and this enmity, if any, 
 can be easily composed. This recreation falleth 
 within the lowest fortune to compass, affording 
 also profit as well as pleasure, in following which 
 exercise, a man may employ his thoughts in the 
 noblest studies, almost as freely as in his closet, 
 the minds of anglers being usually calm, and 
 composed, but when he has the worst success, 
 he only loseth but a hook and line, or, perhaps, 
 what he never possessed, a fish ; and suppose he 
 takes nothing, yet he enjoyeth a delightful walk 
 by pleasant rivers, in sweet pastures, amongst 
 odoriferous flowers, which gratify his senses and 
 delight his mind ; and these contentments induce 
 many to choose those places of pleasure for their 
 summer recreation and health." Col. Venables. 
 
 No life, my honest scholar, no life so happy, 
 so pleasant, as the life of a well governed angler, 
 there we sit in cowslips, hear the birds sing, 
 and possess ourselves in as much quietness as 
 
ZU PISCATORIAL REMINISCENCES 
 
 these silver streams which we now see glide so 
 quietly by us. Isaac Walton. 
 
 Isaac Walton being so well known, and his 
 work on angling in the possession of most per- 
 sons, it has been thought proper to extract but 
 little from him, his commendation on angling 
 is known to all lovers of the gentle art, so much 
 so, that there are many Waltonian Clubs esta- 
 blished throughout England, and even in various 
 parts of America. Editor. 
 
 Sir Henry Wotton observes respecting angling, 
 " Twas an employment for his idle time, which 
 was not then idly spent, for angling was, after 
 tedious study, a rest to his mind, a cheerer of his 
 spirits, a diverter of sadness, a calmer of unquiet 
 thoughts, a moderator of passions, a procurer of 
 contentedness, and that it begot habits of peace 
 and patience in those that professed and practised 
 it." 
 
 Fishing is a kind of hunting by water, be it 
 with nets, weeles, baites, angling, or otherwise, 
 and yields all out as much pleasure to some men 
 as dogs or hawkes. When they draw the fish 
 upon the banke, saith Nic. Henselius, Silesio- 
 graphia, cap. 3, speaking of the extraordinary 
 delight his countrymen tooke in fishing. T. Du- 
 branius de piscibus telleth how, travelling by 
 
AND GLEANINGS. 21 
 
 the highway side in Silesia, he found a noble- 
 man booted up to the groines, wading himself, 
 pulling the nets, and labouring as much as any 
 fisherman of them all ; and when some belike 
 objected to him the basenesse of his office, he 
 excused himselfe, that if other men might hunt 
 hares, why should not he hunt carpes ? Many 
 gentlemen in like sort with us, will wade up to 
 their arm-holes on like occasions, and voluntarie 
 undertake that to satisfie their pleasure, which 
 poore men for a good stipend would scarce be 
 hired to undergoe. But he that shall consider 
 the variety of baits, for all seasons, and pretty 
 devices which our anglers have invented, pe- 
 culiar lines, false flies, several sleights, &c. &c. 
 will say that it deserves commendation, requires 
 as much study as the rest, and is to be pre- 
 ferred before many of them. But this is still 
 and quiet; and if so be the angler catch no fish, 
 yet he hath a wholesome walk to the brooke's 
 side, pleasant shade by the sweet silver streames, 
 he hath good aire, and sweet smells of fine 
 fresh meadow flowres, he hears the melody of 
 birds, and sees the water -fowles, with their 
 brood, which he thinketh better than the noise 
 of hounds or homes, and all the sport they can 
 make. Burtons Anat. Melan. fol. p. 266. 
 
 The recreation which the various methods of 
 taking fish afford, but particularly of that prac- 
 
22 PISCATORIAL REMINISCENCES 
 
 tised with the rod and line, invites us by inte- 
 resting ties to this branch of the animal creation. 
 Poesy has almost exhausted her stores in praise 
 of angling, and in prose it has been eulogized 
 in hundreds of volumes. Numerous anecdotes 
 crowd on our recollection, of the wonderful hold 
 which the practice of angling has on the affec- 
 tions of man, and that from the prince to the 
 beggar. The urchin of six ensnares the stickle- 
 back with rapture, and the veteran of seventy 
 as eagerly weighs out the barbie. Alike de- 
 lighted, the one flatters himself almost a man, 
 and the other rejoices in his semblance to youth- 
 ful vigour. Elaine. 
 
 Angling, as a sport, requires as much enthusi- 
 asm as poetry, and as much patience as mathe- 
 matics. I could not be more than six or seven 
 years old, when I sallied out one day to the river 
 Ayr, with a bent pin for a hook, as Christopher 
 North has described so graphically and well ; 
 but instead of a minnow or a beardie (the loach 
 or the stone loach of the south), I hooked a 
 large trout ; my yarn thread was strong enough 
 to twitch out the trout to the green bank, where 
 I stood ; but the bank unfortunately sloped down 
 to the water's edge, and my bent pin having no 
 barb to take a firm hold, the trout slipped off, 
 and spanged down the bank, and in an instant, 
 to my unutterable grief, was lost in the dark 
 
AND GLEANINGS. 23 
 
 water. I never angled with bent pin again : as 
 I grew older my passion for trout-fishing absorbed 
 many of my thoughts and much of my time, but 
 far from unprofitably ; for I have no doubt that 
 this had great influence on my studies to the pre- 
 sent time. James Rennie. 
 
 But instances of this enthusiasm crowd upon 
 us : 
 
 " Twenty years ago, at two o'clock of a sum- 
 mer's morning, we left the school at Dalmally, 
 where we were lodging, and walked up Glenor- 
 chy, fourteen miles, along to Inveruren. On the 
 banks of that fishy loch we stood eying the sun- 
 shine beautifully warming the breezy dark moss- 
 water, we unscrewed the brass head of our walk- 
 ing cane to convert it into a rod, when lo ! the 
 hollow was full of emptiness ; we had left all the 
 pieces on the chest of drawers in our bed-room. 
 On recovering our stationary equilibrium, we put 
 our pocket pistol to our head, and blew out its 
 brains in the liquid character of Glenlevet ; then 
 down the glen we bended, and by half-past seven 
 we were in the school-house/' 
 
 Blackwood 's Magazine. 
 
 Nor can we refrain from quoting the following 
 handsome compliment to our London anglers, ex- 
 tracted from the same creditable source : 
 
'24 PISCATORIAL REMINISCENCES 
 
 " But of your true London anglers, we have 
 always held and said they are at the top of the 
 tree ; they have trained themselves up to the ut- 
 most fineness and delicacy of execution, and in 
 shyest water, where no brother of the angle in all 
 Scotland could move a fin, they will kill fish. 
 Their tackle, of course, is of the most exquisite 
 and scientific kind ; their entire set-out at the 
 river's edge perfect, we should not presume to 
 throw a fly with the least celebrated proficient of 
 the Walton Club." 
 
 THE ANGLER. 
 
 In a morning stroll along the banks of the 
 Alun (a beautiful little stream that flows down 
 from the Welsh hills, and throws itself into the 
 Dee), my attention was attracted to a group seated 
 on the margin. On approaching, I found it to 
 consist of a veteran angler, and two rustic dis- 
 ciples ; the former was an old fellow with a 
 wooden leg, with clothes very much worn, but 
 carefully patched, betokening poverty, honestly 
 come by, and decently maintained. He lost his 
 leg at Camperdown, and this was the only stroke 
 of good fortune he had ever experienced, as it 
 produced him forty pounds per year. His face 
 bore the marks of former storms, but present 
 fair weather ; its furrows had been worn into an 
 
AND GLEANINGS. 25 
 
 habitual smile ; his iron grey locks hung about 
 his ears. I soon fell into conversation with the 
 old angler, and was so entertained, that under 
 pretext of receiving instructions in his art, I kept 
 company with him almost the whole day. On 
 parting, I enquired after his place of abode, and 
 happening to be in the village a few evenings 
 afterwards, I had the curiosity to seek him out. 
 I found him living in a small cottage, containing 
 only one room, but a perfect curiosity in its 
 method and arrangement. It was on the skirts 
 of the village, on a green bank, a little back from 
 the road, with a small garden in front, stocked 
 with kitchen herbs, and adorned with a few 
 flowers. The whole front of the cottage was 
 overrun by a honeysuckle ; on the top was a ship 
 for a weather-cock. The interior was fitted up 
 in a truly nautical style, his ideas of comfort and 
 convenience having been acquired on the berth 
 deck of a man-of-war. A hammock was slung 
 from the ceiling; from the centre of the chamber 
 hung the model of a ship, of his own workman- 
 ship ; two or three chairs, a table, and a sea- 
 chest, formed the principal moveables. About 
 the wall was stuck up naval ballads, pictures of 
 sea-fights, amongst which the battle of Camper- 
 down held a distinguished place. His implements 
 of angling were carefully disposed on nails and 
 hooks about the room. 
 
26 PISCATORIAL REMINISCENCES, &C. 
 
 I found him seated on a bench, before the 
 door, smoking his pipe in the evening sunshine ; 
 he had been angling all day, and gave me the 
 history of his sport, being particularly animated 
 about taking a large trout. His family consisted 
 of a large black cat, with one eye, and a parrot, 
 which he had caught in one of his voyages, and 
 educated himself. 
 
 Washington Irving' s Sketch Book. 
 
ANECDOTES OF FISHES AND 
 FISHING. 
 
 BEFORE I proceed to the Anecdotes of Fish, I 
 shall quote, from the Supplement to Daniel's 
 Rural Sports, a most useful hint to persons en- 
 gaged in angling, who may not be adepts in 
 swimming. Editor. 
 
 " An accidental fall into water may be most 
 dangerous to those ignorant of the art of swim- 
 ming. By observing the directions here given, a 
 person may save himself from drowning : if he 
 falls into deep water, he will rise to the surface 
 by floatage, and will continue there, if he does 
 not elevate his hands; and the keeping them 
 down is essential to his safety. If he moves his 
 hands under the water, in any way he pleases, 
 his head will rise so high as to allow him free 
 liberty to breathe ; and if in addition he moves 
 his legs, exactly as in the action of walking up 
 stairs, his shoulders will rise above the water, so 
 that he may use less exertion with his hands, or 
 apply them to other purposes." 
 
28 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 The salmon delights in the most rapid streams, 
 with gravelly bottoms; he is justly termed by 
 some anglers the king of fresh-water fish. 
 When hooked, he requires to be gently treated, 
 as Sir Walter Scott says, by giving him line, but 
 not too freely ; in which case you are sure of 
 your fish. The salmon tribe becomes at one pe- 
 riod of the year a river, and at another a sea fish. 
 The salmon leaves the sea for the rivers in the 
 summer or autumn, according to the heat of the 
 season, and surmounts most surprising obstacles 
 to attain its object; having fulfilled which, equal 
 anxiety is displayed to return to the sea. The 
 flies for salmon should be made gaudy and large ; 
 this fish is particularly fond of the horse-leech fly. 
 In imitating this fly, behind each wing whip the 
 body of the fly with gold or silver twist. Editor. 
 
 Salmon Leaps. Professor Agassiz observes : 
 The caudal, or tail fin, is attached to a very fleshy 
 root, and is moved by powerful muscles. This 
 elastic fin to these fish is a most powerful lever ; 
 
AND FISHING. '2 C J 
 
 when wishing to leap so great a height, they strike 
 the surface of the water with a kind of double 
 stroke ; by this means they overcome obstacles 
 which appear insurmountable. One cause of the 
 salmon's return to fresh water is from a parasitic 
 insect, called lerncea salmonea, which adheres to 
 their scales, and appears to cause an intolerable 
 irritation. This species of louse dies soon after 
 the salmon has been two or three days in fresh 
 water. Angler in Ireland. 
 
 The salmon fisheries are constant and copiou 
 sources of human food. They rank next to agri- 
 culture. Their increase does not lessen other 
 articles of human sustenance. Marshal. 
 
 The salmon fisheries of Scotland were of great 
 value, but they have for the last twelve or fifteen 
 years decreased. They were, however, let to 
 tenants, and much over-fished ; so much so, that 
 the late Duke of Sutherland took them into his 
 own possession, built extensive curing-houses, 
 preserved the rivers during close time, and so 
 regulated the fishing that free access was given 
 to the heavy or breeding-fish, and the kelts, or 
 spawned fish, were allowed to return unmolested 
 to the sea. The consequence of this good ma- 
 nagement is, that in some rivers the produce has 
 been doubled. It is a mistaken opinion that the 
 spawning season is only between October and 
 
30 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 February ; in many rivers it would commence in 
 August, if the grounds and entrances were left 
 unmolested. In Sweden the salmon spawn in 
 the middle of summer. The seasons also have 
 much influence. In the North of Scotland, the 
 common earth-worm are a deadly bait for a clean 
 salmon ; sand eels are also used for baits ; and in 
 the Transactions of the Royal Edinburgh So- 
 ciety, the food of salmon has been examined from 
 their stomachs, when taken from the sea, and 
 said to contain small monoculi, and entomo- 
 straced with the ova of starfish. Common salmon 
 are said to feed on small fish, and various small 
 marine animals. Sir William Jardine on the 
 Common Salmon, Edin. New Phil. Journal. 
 
 Angling for Salmon is not more a masculine 
 than a delightful sport, and is pursued with ardour 
 and success in the northern rivers of our island. 
 Some very spirited and lively sketches on this 
 subject are to be seen in Blackwood's Magazine, 
 No. 208209, 1833. Whilst fishing in Loch 
 Awe, amongst other sport, is mentioned, catching 
 a salmon of twenty-eight pound weight. Loch 
 Awe seems to be a delightful place, and good 
 accommodation there for brothers of the angle. 
 The disciple of Walton who has once indulged in 
 salmon fishing, will feel little satisfaction in the 
 more common pursuits and lesser pleasures of the 
 gentle art. But it requires an expert practitioner 
 
AND FISHING. 31 
 
 to insure success, as may be seen by the following 
 anecdote : 
 
 When the fish has taken the fly, to pull a hard 
 strain on the line would snap the tackle to pieces, 
 even were it made of wire ; ease your hand, and 
 let him rise ; take leisure, give him line, but do 
 not slack too fast, and in half-an-hour thou layest 
 him on the bank. Sir Walter Scott. 
 
 Salmon Fishing with Spear. The salmon is 
 caught with a spear, which they dart at him as 
 he swims on the surface of the water. It is 
 customary also to catch him with a candle and 
 lantern, or wisp of straw set on fire ; for the fish 
 naturally following the light, are struck with the 
 spear, or taken in a net spread for that purpose, 
 and lifted with a sudden jerk from the bottom. 
 Some few years ago, there were taken in the 
 Tweed seven hundred fish at one hawl, but from 
 fifty to one hundred is frequent. 
 
 Encyclopaedia Londinensis. 
 
 Hunting Salmon. Hunting fish on horseback 
 seems a somewhat surprising sport ; yet this mode 
 has been adopted on the shallows at Whitehaven, 
 with considerable success. Taking advantage of 
 the retiring tide, persons have thus got between 
 the salmon and the sea, and have fairly coursed 
 them, until a spear could be accurately thrown : 
 
32 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 forty or fifty have thus been hunted in a day. 
 The plan is, after the fish is struck, to turn the 
 horse to the shore. The Ocean, its Wonders. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott mentions similar sport on the 
 Solway Firth. The rapidity of the salmon's 
 motion is such, that this fish has been known 
 to travel at the rate of sixteen miles an hour. 
 
 Wonders in Herefordshire. Salmon are here 
 in season all the year, and are found in the 
 river Wye. Bone Well, near Richard's Castle, 
 is always full of bones of little fishes, of which it 
 can never be emptied, but that they return again. 
 Anglorum Speculum, p. 377. 
 
 The salmon were so plentiful in the Severn 
 river, that they have been sold for two-pence 
 halfpenny per pound, but now they fetch two 
 shillings, and three and six-pence : they leave 
 their salt water haunts, and are earlier in the 
 Severn, than any other English river. In January, 
 1833, a very fine fish, nearly a yard in length, 
 was discovered near the shore, close to where the 
 warm water enters the river from the city engine, 
 at the bottom of Newport-street ; it was speared 
 and brought into the city, the captor refused a 
 sovereign for it. 
 
 Dr. Hastings Nat. Hist, of Worcestershire. 
 
AND FISHING. 33 
 
 At Lillingston Lovel two salmon were taken in 
 a small brook, which may be stepped over, (a 
 branch of the Ouse,) one a yard long, and the 
 other a little less. The curious would be glad to 
 know how they came there, IK ur two hundred 
 miles from the sea. Plot's Natural History of 
 Oxford. 
 
 The abundance of salmon is so great in the 
 Kamtschatka rivers, as to force the water before 
 them, and dam up the streams so as to make 
 them overflow their banks, and great quantities 
 of salmon are left on the dry ground, if it was 
 not for violent winds, assisted by the bears and 
 wild dogs feeding on them, the fish left would 
 soon produce a pestilence, their stench is so 
 powerful. Daniel. 
 
 In the famous cruives, or weirs, for taking 
 salmon in the river Galway, where they are kept 
 until sold, in a large pool supplied with running 
 water, it is a most beautiful spectacle to watch 
 them playing about. Angler in Ireland. 
 
 By the appellation of white and red fish, the 
 peasantry distinguish the salmon of Goolamore, 
 when in and out of season ; indeed, the colour is 
 such a perfect indicative of health, that any per- 
 son who has frequented a salmon river will, on 
 D 
 
34 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 seeing a fish rise, tell with accuracy the state of 
 his condition. Wild Sports of the West. 
 
 The salmon fishery in New Caledonia com- 
 mences about the middle of July, and ceases in 
 October, this is a busy period for the natives ; 
 their method of catching the salmon is ingenious, 
 as practised by the natives of the Columbia river. 
 A certain part of the river is enclosed by stakes 
 about twelve feet high, and extended about thirty 
 feet from the shore ; a netting of rods is attached 
 to the stakes, to prevent the salmon running 
 through ; a conical machine, called a vorveau, is 
 next formed, about eighteen feet long and five 
 broad, and is made of rods about one inch and a 
 quarter asunder, and lashed to hoops with what- 
 taps, a tough fibrous root, used in sewing bark to 
 the canoes, one end is formed like a funnel to 
 admit the fish, two smaller machines of equal 
 length are joined to it, they are raised a little 
 out of the water, and the salmon, in their ascent, 
 leap into the boot, or broad part of it, and fall 
 into the space, where they are easily killed with 
 spears ; when abundant, the natives take eight 
 or nine hundred daily. 
 
 Cox's Columbia, vol. ii. p. 321. 
 
 Growth. The salmon smelts, sprods, and 
 morths, go down the river at Salisbury the 
 beginning of May ; the salmon smelts weigh 
 
AND FISHING. 35 
 
 about three or four ounces, the morth and 
 sprod about three ounces each, the smelts 
 return in seven weeks, and weigh about twelve 
 pounds, the morths in nine weeks, and weigh 
 about two pounds, the sprods about the same 
 time, and weigh three quarters of a pound. 
 The gentleman who rented the fishery at the 
 time gave the accounts ; they were known by 
 a wire passed through some of their back fins, 
 by the fishermen, on going out. Gent. Mag. 
 
 A salmon taken out on the 7th of March, in 
 the river Mersey, weighed seven pounds ; being 
 marked with scissars on the back fins and tail, 
 it was again turned into the river, and being 
 retaken on the 7th March of the following year, 
 it was found to weigh seventeen pounds. 
 
 Gent. Mag. vol. Ixxxviii. p. 461. 
 
 Salmon grows very fast ; it is now ascer- 
 tained that grilse, or young salmon, of from two 
 and a half to three pounds weight, have been 
 sent to the London markets in the month of 
 May, the spawn from which they came having 
 only been deposited in the preceding October or 
 November, and the overtaking three months of 
 the time to quicken. It has also been ascer- 
 tained by experiment, that a grilse which weighed 
 six pounds, in February, after spawning, has, 
 
36 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 on its return from the sea in September, weighed 
 thirteen pounds ; and a salmon-fry of April will, 
 in June, weigh four pounds, and in August six 
 pounds. Gleanings of Natural History . 
 
 At the age of five or six years salmon weighs 
 from ten to twelve pounds ; the one represented 
 in Dr. Block's folio edition of his Ichtyology, 
 weighed forty pounds ; it is taken in Sweden at 
 eighty pounds weight; at Denis, in New France, 
 it was seen six feet long. 
 
 The much agitated question, whether whitings 
 or herlings are young salmon, or a distinct spe- 
 cies of fish, seems to be set at rest by a decisive 
 and well authenticated experiment : in May, 
 1820, Mr. Relph, and Mr. John Barnes, marked 
 one thousand six hundred and fifteen fry, by 
 taking off the dead fin, and returned them to 
 their native element. In the ensuing season 
 many of them were recaptured as whitings ; in 
 the second as sea-trout and grilse ; and on Tues- 
 day night week a fine salmon, weighing ten 
 pounds, so marked, was caught at Stainton, and 
 has been seen by a great number of persons : it 
 was exhibited at the public office on Wednesday 
 week. Those who have maintained a contrary 
 doctrine must now, we think, give up their 
 opinion. Chester Chron. 
 
AND FISHING 
 
 The growth of this fish (says Buffori) is so 
 extraordinary, that a young salmon caught at 
 Warrington, weighing seven pounds on the 7th 
 of February, was marked on the back fin, and 
 retaken the year following, when it weighed 
 seventeen pounds and a half. 
 
 Salmon s Eggs growing in a Dunghill. 
 A few years ago, my informant says that he, 
 with two more, caught two salmon in rather a 
 poaching way; one of the fish weighed six 
 pounds, which they gave to their assistant; the 
 other was a very large fish of about twenty 
 pounds weight, both apparently in high and sea- 
 sonable condition. He and his companion kept 
 the large fish, and divided it; the head part 
 happened to fall to his share; the fish was a 
 female, and had a great quantity of pea, but they 
 were not in a very forward state, being about the 
 size of swan shot. The next day his wife boiled 
 part of this fish for their dinner, but it was not 
 eatable ; it looked like glue ; the appearance 
 was enough to turn a man's stomach; and it 
 was, of course, thrown away. He was then con- 
 vinced that the fish was out of season ; this was 
 in the month of September ; and he immediately 
 buried what remained, the fish and the pea, in 
 his dunghill. About two months afterwards, he 
 sold the heap of dung to a person of the town, 
 
38 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 who sent a man with a horse to carry it into his 
 field for manure. By the time this man had 
 dug a little way into the heap of dung, the 
 fellow began to hop and caper about, crying? 
 " Snakes' eggs! snakes' eggs!" and laid about 
 him in all directions with his shovel, to crush 
 and destroy them. He had himself no idea but 
 that they really were the eggs of this reptile, 
 which it is well known deposits them in dung- 
 hills ; but presently after, the head of the salmon 
 and the back -bone made their appearance. 
 These eggs were full as large as the top of a 
 man's finger; they must, then, have grown there 
 to that size, from the bigness of swan-shot ; from 
 what causes it must be conjectured. It is to be 
 lamented that here the fact ends, and that an 
 examination of some of the eggs had not taken 
 place. Still it must appear very wonderful to 
 every one, that the pea of the fish, under such 
 circumstances, should have retained life for such 
 a length of time, and have grown so very consi- 
 derably. The only inferences which I draw from 
 this fact are, first, that the eggs continue to 
 grow after they are laid, and until they are vivi- 
 fied by the heat of the sun; and, secondly, that 
 they attain a size equal to the production of a 
 fish three inches in length. I need not add, that 
 they are very little larger than this when we be- 
 come first acquainted with them in the character 
 and under the name of fry, and see them making 
 
AND FISHING. 39 
 
 the best of their way down the rivers towards 
 the sea." 
 
 A postscript adds " They were about the 
 6 size of a magpie's eggs;' of a reddish colour; 
 not oval, but perfectly round : in number a great 
 many hundreds." 
 
 High Price of Thames Salmon. The Thames 
 produces salmon (though not in abundance) 
 which are generally taken about Isleworth, 
 these fetch a most extravagant price in the Lon- 
 don markets, having been sold at 12s. per pound; 
 85. and 10s. 6d. per pound are frequently given 
 for the whole fish. Daniel's Rural Sports. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Waring, of Isleworth, having 
 tired, and brought to the top of the water, a fine 
 salmon, and being on the point of taking it into 
 the punt, another large fish was observed to be 
 following close after it, and apparently attached 
 to it, but so intent upon the pursuit of the 
 hooked one was he, that they procured a landing 
 hook, and without any resistance he allowed the 
 hook to be inserted under his gill, and was thus 
 securely taken. Upon examination it was fonnd 
 the first was a female, and the second a male fish, 
 and doubtless, as this happened during the spawn- 
 ing season, the female was about to deposit her 
 
40 ANECDOTES OF FISHES, 
 
 eggs, and the male fish was following to ensure 
 the propagation of the species. 
 
 Sporting Mag. June, 1835. 
 
 The largest salmon Mr. Pennant ever heard of 
 weighed seventy-four pounds; in 1795, one was 
 brought to Billingsgate, which weighed within a 
 few ounces of seventy pounds, and was the larg- 
 est ever brought there ; it was bought by a fish- 
 monger, and sold by him at one shilling per 
 pound. One taken near Shrewsbury, in 1757, 
 weighed thirty-seven pounds, and is recorded in 
 the British Chronologist ; many have been taken 
 with the fly weighing forty pounds. 
 
 Johnson's Sportsman's Cyclopedia. 
 
 A fish of sixty pounds weight was caught a 
 few years ago in the Wye, by T. Evans, Esq. and 
 presented to the Duke of Beaufort. 
 
 They have been taken in the Tay about 
 seventy pounds weight, in the Tweed and Clyde 
 between fifty and sixty pounds ; in America they 
 seldom exceed seventeen pounds, indeed every 
 river has its distinct fish, as evidently as the 
 variety of our beeves and horses. 
 
 Hansard's Trout and Salmon Fishing. 
 
 Mr. Bainbridge, in his " Fly Fisher's Guide/' 
 observes : In trout fishing, when salmon frequent 
 
AND FISHING. 41 
 
 the streams, it is necessary to use stronger tackle 
 than might otherwise be advisable. An instance 
 of the utility of this precaution occurred to the 
 author. In one morning's fishing, five salmon 
 rose at his trout flies, two of which he succeeded 
 in taking ; the largest weighed sixteen pounds 
 and three quarters, and measured two feet nine 
 inches. 
 
 If the back be blue or inclining to black, the 
 fish is in season, but if reddish, approaching to 
 brown, it is kepper and good for nothing. 
 
 Bainbridges Fly Fisher. 
 
 There are great quantities of white salmon in 
 the Volga; they retire up the river to spawn, 
 from January to June : they are from twenty to 
 thirty pounds in weight, and from three to four 
 feet long. Pallas' Voyage. 
 
 Killarney Method of cooking Salmon. The 
 salmon, as soon as caught, to be cut into slices, 
 which are split, and a strong skewer of arbutus 
 run through each, as close to the skin as pos- 
 sible ; these skewers are then stuck upright 
 in a sod of turf before a clear wood fire, and 
 constantly turned and basted with salt and water, 
 the fish, when sufficiently roasted, is served up 
 on the skewers, which are supposed to communi- 
 cate a peculiar aromatic flavour this method of 
 dressing salmon is decidedly better than any other. 
 
 Angler in Ireland. 
 
42 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 The Salmon and Silver Spoon. A gentleman 
 of Uleaborg going by sea to Stockholm, dropped 
 a silver spoon into the water, which was swallowed 
 by a salmon, carried in his belly to Uleaborg, 
 where the fish was accidentally bought by the 
 gentleman's wife, who immediately concluded, 
 on seeing the spoon, that her husband was 
 shipwrecked ; he returned, however, in time to 
 prevent any ill consequences. Acerbis Travels. 
 
 Salmon Paste, or Roe. A very dear article, 
 sold at Liverpool ; seems very attractive. Salmon, 
 trout, eels, are taken by it. Walton, Daniel, 
 Barker, &c. &c. mention it. 
 
 Curious occurrence. Sunday afternoon, be- 
 tween five and six o'clock, several individuals 
 who were standing on the shore beneath the cliffs 
 opposite New Brighton, observed a singular ap- 
 pearance on the water near the mouth of the 
 river. On looking more intently, they discovered 
 that the surface, as far as the organs of vision 
 could extend, was literally alive with an immense 
 shoal of porpoises, which were rolling forward 
 with the most rapacious rapidity, in pursuit of, 
 apparently, a not less numerous flock of salmon. 
 The latter, in their terror, and to avoid their as- 
 sailants, kept continually leaping from the water, 
 and, as their dripping scales glittered in the 
 bright rays of the sun, added an indescribable 
 
AND FISHING. 43 
 
 interest to a scene at once so curious and un- 
 common ; the chase was continued up the river 
 until distance hid both the salmon and their pur- 
 suers from the ken of the spectators. 
 
 Liverpool Advertiser, June, 1833. 
 
 The very marvellous event related by Bourne 
 and others concerning Mr. Anderson, an alder- 
 man of Newcastle, dropping his ring by accident, 
 over the Tyne bridge, as he was fingering it, is 
 supposed to have happened about the year 1559. 
 The part of the story which some have ventured 
 to doubt of, is, that the identical ring was brought 
 back again, after some time, in a fish bought in 
 Newcastle market by a servant of the above mer- 
 chant, and most unexpectedly restored to its 
 owner. The ring is at present, 1783, in the 
 possession of Mr. Edward Anderson, a relative, 
 who permitted a drawing to be taken of it. On 
 the inside of the ring is the picture of a salmon, 
 in commemoration of this event. Vox Piscis, or 
 the Book of Fish, 1627, mentions this ring in 
 page 13. Brand's Newcastle, vol. i. p. 47. 
 
 The principal fish taken in the river Wye are 
 the salmon, which are in perfection between the 
 months of December and August; and of so much 
 consequence was the abundance of this fish, that 
 in the indentures of apprenticeship in the town of 
 Hereford, it was stipulated that the apprentices 
 
44 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 should not be obliged to live upon them more 
 than two days in the week. 
 
 Riding from the Giant's Causeway, we forded 
 the river Bush, near the sea, and went down to 
 see some men land their nets : as soon as the dog 
 perceived the men to move, he instantly ran 
 down to the middle of the river of his own ac- 
 cord, and there he took his post ; we were at a 
 loss to know his intention, but as soon as they 
 began to empty their nets, the salmon endea- 
 voured to escape, and the dog immediately pur- 
 sued them ; but one had the advantage of the 
 dog, who found swimming of no use to him, he 
 ran to a shallow part of the river to stop the 
 fish, but it escaped ; he then returned to his old 
 post. 
 
 Hamilton s Letters on the Coast of Antrim. 
 
 Eagles are constantly discovered watching the 
 fords in the spawning season, and are seen to 
 seize and carry off the fish. Some years since, 
 a herdsman, on a very sultry day in July, ob- 
 served an eagle posted on a bank which over- 
 hung a pool ; presently, the bird stooped, and 
 seized a salmon, and a violent struggle ensued ; 
 when the herdsman reached the spot, he found 
 the eagle pulled under the water by the salmon, 
 and drenched his plumage, which disabled him 
 to extricate himself. With a stone the peasant 
 
AND FISHING. 45 
 
 broke the pinion of the eagle, and actually se- 
 cured the spoiler and his victim, for he found ihe 
 salmon dying in his grasp. 
 
 Wild Sports of the West. 
 
 THE TROUT 
 
 Is a noble and generous fish, and affords the 
 angler a superior kind of sport, being what is 
 termed a game fish. 
 
 Trout delight in foaming streams occasioned 
 by waterfalls, or in rapid eddies, and mill-dams, 
 where other fish are not generally found. In 
 such situations you see them even leaping out of 
 the water, and sporting about ; thus it may truly 
 be said to " delight in troubled water." Their 
 food is gained from the air, as well as from their 
 native element ; at one time they are taken by 
 imitating the fly that hovers over the surface, and 
 at another, by sinking the worm or grub to the 
 depth below. Trout are naturally voracious. 
 
 Editor. 
 
 The favourite haunts in which the trout de- 
 lights, are the junction of two streams, tails of 
 
46 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 currents, below bridges, near old weirs, and pieces 
 of rock, roots of trees. Bainbridge, Fly-Fisher. 
 
 Catching trout, native tact. A friend with 
 whom I frequently spent days together in angling 
 excursions, retired from London to reside at Hex- 
 ham, and had a good assortment of the best 
 London-drest flies, rod, &c. This gentleman 
 remarked that the native fishers, by a knowledge 
 of favourable localities, seasonable weather, and 
 observation of the fly on the water, would kill 
 trout with the coarsest tackle, and flies equally 
 coarse, but of the true shape and colour, when 
 he has hardly obtained a rise. Editor. 
 
 In March trout begin to rise, and blood worms 
 appear in the water. The large hair worm is 
 found at the bottom of drains; the water-flea 
 on the surface of sheltered pools. 
 
 When angling near Uxbridge, some years back, 
 with a fine rod, and single hair line, baited with a 
 red worm, I left my rod on the bank, whilst I 
 went to examine the river, and on my return I 
 found I had taken a gudgeon ; in a few minutes 
 it was seized by a large trout which, after play- 
 ing it a considerable time, I landed a very fine 
 fish. Editor. 
 
 Mr. Oliver does not appear to think any thing 
 of examining the stomach of a trout, but to con- 
 
AND FISHING. 47 
 
 tinue to fish with the fly you have succeeded with. 
 11 I have often known a red hackle, or a dun fly, 
 take trouts, when they would not look at either 
 the artificial or the natural May-fly, though hun- 
 dreds of the latter were at the same time skimming 
 on the surface of the water; and that no direc- 
 tions are better for fly-fishing than the following 
 rhyme : 
 
 " A brown red fly, at morning grey, 
 A darker dun in clearer day ; 
 When summer rains have swelled the flood, 
 The hackle red and worm are good ; 
 At eve, when twilight shades prevail, 
 Try the hackle white and snail ; 
 Be mindful aye your fly to throw 
 Light as falls the flaky snow." 
 
 When trout are in perfect season, they are 
 thickly studded with black and red spots, which, 
 relieved by the dark olive of the back, gradually 
 mixing with the deep yellow of its side and belly, 
 produce a fine effect : at this time it is hog-backed, 
 like most other fish. The variety and colour of 
 trout, such as red, yellow, an 1 white, arises from 
 the quality of food, or the water which they in- 
 habit, being impregnated with some substance 
 capable of producing this effect. Certain it is, 
 their haunts, voracity, and modes of feeding, are 
 every where alike. Bainbridges Fly-Fisher. 
 
48 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 We have dragged out fine trout as fast as we 
 could throw our line, when the fly, from their in- 
 cessant biting, was reduced to the bare hook, and 
 the hackle feather fastened merely at the shank. 
 A very favourite and successful practice of ours was 
 to fish in a part of the river where others seldom 
 thought of, in the dead still water ', imitating a 
 drowned fly, and using very fine tackle : here we 
 have filled our baskets with the best trout, whilst 
 others have thrashed the stream in vain. Editors 
 of the Literary Gazette, July, 1834. 
 
 The best and largest trout are taken at night, 
 and dibbed for with a strong line. Throw the bait 
 across the surface, and draw it towards you, 
 keeping out of sight : no lead is to be used. 
 
 Mayer's British Sportsman. 
 
 A trout, weighing fifteen pounds, was received 
 by A. Blandy, Esq. of Wall, near Lichfield, 
 which was caught on his estate in Oxfordshire, 
 in the I sis. The beauty and proportion of the 
 fish were as remarkable as its extreme size ; mea- 
 suring in length thirty inches and a half; over 
 the shoulders, seventeen inches and three quar- 
 ters ; extreme breadth, eighteen inches and three 
 quarters ; at the tail end under the fin, nine inches 
 and a half. Evening Paper. This is certainly 
 a large size for an English trout, but the trouts in 
 
AND FISHING. 49 
 
 Geneva sometimes weigh from forty to fifty 
 pounds. 
 
 Captain Heaviside, of Egham Hythe, fishing 
 for perch, with a paternoster, at the old bridge of 
 Staines, on Saturday, January 26th, 1833, hooked 
 a heavy fish, which he conceived at first to be a 
 jack, but he was soon undeceived: it proved to be 
 a fine trout, about eight pounds weight, and in 
 the best condition, being as bright as silver, and 
 cut a beautiful colour ; bait, live gudgeon ; hook 
 No. 6 ; measured two feet two inches in length, 
 and one foot two inches in girth. This is a re- 
 markable thing so early in the season, and is a 
 proof of the mildness of the winter. 
 
 On Saturday morning, May 31, 1834, a trout, 
 in the highest season, and of an extraordinary 
 size, weighing fourteen pounds, was caught with 
 the rod and line, by Lieut. General Sir Samuel 
 Hawker, while angling in the Thames, near Rich- 
 mond, and afterwards presented to his Majesty. 
 Sunday Times, June 15, 1834. 
 
 Mr. Tomkins, of Polgaron, put some river 
 trout, of two inches and a half in length, into a 
 newly-made pond. He took some out the second 
 year, about twelve inches in length ; third, six- 
 teen ; fourth, twenty-five. 
 
 Carew's Survey of Cornwall. 
 E 
 
50 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 Longevity of Trout. Mr. W. Hossop, of Bond 
 Hall y Furness, placed a small fellbeck trout, about 
 fifty-three years ago, when a boy, into a well in the 
 orchard belonging to his family, where it remained 
 ever since, till last week, when it died, not through 
 sickness or infirmity, but for want of its natural 
 element, water, the severe drought drying up the 
 spring that supplied the well. His lips and gills 
 were perfectly white ; he regularly came to be fed 
 by his master's hand when called by the name of 
 Ned. Westmoreland Advertiser, 1834. 
 
 The grey trout in Ulswaterh&ve reached fifty or 
 sixty pounds ; lightish grey, with very small spots. 
 One caught in 1812, at Cottishall, in Norfolk, 
 was thirty-nine inches long, and weighed sixteen 
 pounds ; one caught in the Stour, 1797, weighed 
 twenty-six pounds. New Monthly Mag. 
 
 Whilst Captain Medwin was fishing in a mill- 
 dam, his friend hooked a trout which proved too 
 strong for his tackle, and he lost it : five minutes 
 after the Captain found himself violently tugged, 
 and succeeded in landing a trout of three pounds, 
 with the identical hook and tackle of his companion 
 in its mouth. Angler. 
 
 Trout are taken in a river in Cardiganshire, 
 the back bones of which are crooked. 
 
 Phil. Trans. Art. xxiii. 1767. 
 
AND FISHING. 51 
 
 Salmon Trout. This species has a phosphoric 
 property, which distinguishes it from many other. 
 Dr. Block says, he saw one evening a light accru- 
 ing from the head of a salmon-trout ; its eyes, 
 tongue, palate, and fins, spread a very great light, 
 which much increased when it was touched with 
 the finger, and which conveyed to another part of 
 the trout the same phosphoric appearance. 
 
 About forty years ago a trout was caught in 
 the Thames, near Hampton, which measured two 
 feet nine inches. Hansard's Trout Fishing. 
 
 Trout of a particular species are taken in 
 Ulleswater, to the weight of thirty pounds, also 
 eels of a large size, and guiniads in large quan- 
 tities. 
 
 They are said to weigh thirty pounds in the 
 lakes of Cumberland, a salmon was taken in the 
 river Kennel that measured forty-five inches, and 
 one was taken of late years at Hampton that mea- 
 sured thirty-nine inches. Donovan, p. 85. 
 
 Gillaroo Trout. The peculiarity of this trout 
 is, that its stomach very much resembles the 
 gizzard of a bird gillaroo (being the name for a 
 gizzard), where in most of the loughs in Ireland 
 these fish are to be found. 
 
 Gent. Mag. xliv. 530. 
 
52 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 Lord George Cavendish ordered the river that 
 runs through his park, at Latimer, in Bucks, to 
 be drawn off in 1776, and drew from it five hun- 
 dred brace of trout, weighing, on an average, one 
 pound each. 
 
 Trout Fishing in Scotland. Last week the 
 game-keeper at Haughton killed, with a rod and 
 line, in the Don, a common river trout, which 
 weighed eleven pounds, and measured in girth 
 seventeen inches, the largest trout probably ever 
 caught in the river. 
 
 Aberdeen Journal, Sept. 1833. 
 
 There is a fine trout stream, river Ythonj near 
 Elian, where a small inn is kept by Mrs. Cowie, 
 whose son is an excellent fisher, who will give 
 every information ; the writer appears to have had 
 most delightful sport, one trout twenty-one inches 
 long ; this village is only sixteen miles from Aber- 
 deen ; the water belongs to Lord Aberdeen, but 
 his agent, Mr. Blachie, is very obliging in readily 
 granting permission to those who apply to him. 
 
 Fly - Fishing Ballater. This delightful 
 place, on the banks of the Don, is the favou- 
 rite resort of the Aberdonians ; it is about forty 
 miles from Aberdeen, near which Byron spent 
 some of his youthful days. During the months 
 of June, July, and August, it is the resort of the 
 
AND FISHING. 53 
 
 gentry; and crowded with visitors, laying in a new 
 stock of health amid the mountain breezes. Lodg- 
 ings in the village are in very great request; the 
 quantity of finnoch and salmon killed there in the 
 season by fly-fishing is very great. 
 
 New Sporting Mag. July. 
 
 The New Sporting Magazine for July, 1834, 
 observes that a Dr. Robertson, supposed to be 
 one of the best fishers in the county, took, in Au- 
 gust, 1833, at Ballater, in one day, (in a small 
 loch, and adjoining the stream,) thirty-six dozen 
 of trout, and a friend killed, on the same day, 
 twenty-five dozen ; these were all about the size 
 of a herring, the trout will seldom exceed this size 
 in the small mountain streams. 
 
 Dr. Davy remarked, in one of his lectures at 
 the Royal Institution, that those trout were the 
 best which frequent waters flowing over calca- 
 reous soil, he accounted for this matter on philo- 
 sophical principles, and the truth of his theory is 
 fully confirmed by the superiority of Irish trout, 
 the beds of many of the rivers consisting entirely 
 of limestone. 
 
 Mr. Pakenham let his fishery at Bally shannon 
 for twelve hundred pounds per year; in 1808, the 
 fish was as high as fourteen pence per pound. In 
 Lough Erne trout increase in size so wonderfully, 
 
54 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 that some young ones, which were caught and 
 marked, were supposed to have increased one 
 pound per week. Sup. Daniel's Sports. 
 
 Extraordinary Circumstance. A gentleman 
 lately bought at a fishmonger's in Perth, a few 
 pounds of small sized trout, in cleaning which, 
 the servant discovered in one of them, a hard 
 substance, which turned out to be the whole of a 
 teat of a cow : the trout was of the yellow kind, 
 and measured only fourteen inches in length. 
 Scotchman, Sept. 1833. 
 
 It is not an uncommon circumstance for per- 
 sons residing in the country, to place trout in 
 their wells; they find them very useful in de- 
 stroying insects, and keeping the water pure. 
 About eight years ago a trout three inches in 
 length, was put into a well at Delnashaugh, and 
 it is now fully eighteen inches in length, and so 
 tame that it will eat out of the hand of any per- 
 son that will hold out food for it. Elgin Courier. 
 
 Trout Lakes of Inchiquin. The trout in these 
 lakes are very fine, and of two kinds, red and 
 white ; the latter, when hooked, will often spring 
 a great height out of the water. One trout killed 
 here was unusually thick, deep, silvery, and bore 
 the colour and shape of a salmon ; it weighed ten 
 pounds and a half. Angler in Ireland. 
 
AND FISHING. 55 
 
 In fly-fishing for large white trout (Sewin) in 
 Ireland, the angler should use good strong gut 
 for the bottom, for the trout are very strong, and 
 yield noble sport, and may be known on being 
 hooked ; they immediately leap out of the water. 
 It is very necessary to wind up hastily, and re- 
 treat quickly backwards, for they are apt to run 
 towards you, and if once allowed a slack line, they 
 most likely get away. Hansard's Trout Fishing. 
 
 Mr. Johnson, who is the principal inhabitant 
 of St. Mary's Falls, Columbia River, informed us 
 that fish was in great abundance there, particu- 
 larly trout, of the enormous size of sixty pounds. 
 He also assured me he saw one caught in Lake 
 Superior, which weighed ninety pounds. 
 
 Cox's Columbia River, vol. ii. p. 265. 
 
 To preserve trout alive whilst carrying them a 
 long distance, mix one ounce of white sugar candy, 
 a piece of saltpetre, about the size of a walnut, 
 and a table spoonful of flour together ; this will 
 be sufficient for a pail of spring water, and must 
 be often repeated to keep the fish alive. 
 
 Mayer's Sportsman's Directory. 
 
 The best way to dress a trout is by plain boil- 
 ing, the very day it is caught, with sauce com- 
 posed of catsup, cavice, and boiled anchovies. 
 Neiu Monthly Mag. 1820. 
 
56 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 MEMORANDA OF FISHING IN IRELAND. 
 
 The whole of the western coast affords more 
 or less, most excellent fishing, and the eastern 
 coast, the contrary. The following places in the 
 annexed list are very good, which the number of 
 fish, and weight, will testify, being taken by the 
 angler in Ireland. 
 
 Place. Number. Weight. 
 
 Marfield Pond 1 7 trout 7 Ibs. 
 
 River Anner 17 ditto 
 
 Shannon 8 ditto 
 
 Lough Derg 42 pike & perch 65 
 
 Inchiquin Lake 19 trout 
 
 Costello River 65 ditto 108 
 
 Lough and River Carragh 10 trout 
 Blackwater River 29 ditto 
 
 Ballyshannon 6 salmon 85 
 
 Ballina 10 ditto 48 
 
 Ballinahinch 7 ditto 43 
 
 Lough Luggen 76 trout 
 
 Screeb 17 ditto 
 
 2 salmon 
 
 Killarney Lake 3 ditto 15 
 Lough Kittana 5 trout 
 Currane 22 ditto 
 
 " If you are fond of fly-fishing, go to Ireland, 
 take with you only a mind free from party spirit, 
 and a soul capable of appreciating nature and 
 
AND FISHING. 57 
 
 men ; open your eyes to the scenes of loveliness 
 that will greet you, and your heart to the kindness 
 and goodness you will experience, and you will 
 be highly gratified. Whatever party spirit may be 
 going on, strangers are never molested. The Angler 
 in Ireland, which will be found a very acceptable 
 book to any angler intending to go to the sister 
 country for that recreation : it contains great in- 
 formation relating to artificial flies, good inns, 
 boatmen, names, favourite places," &c. &c. 
 
 Memoranda of Fish taken in Wales. In one 
 year's angling, from llth April, 1753, to 10th 
 
 April, 1754 (suppose all trout) 6272 
 
 Ditto, April to October, 1754 3758 
 
 1756 3739 
 
 1757 9272 
 
 1758 7762 
 
 1759 3490 
 
 1760 2150 
 
 1761 2522 
 
 1762 3183 
 
 1763 3158 
 
 1764 . , 1814 
 
 The whole given to the public ; the rich, 
 
 the poor, the sick, the healthy 47,120 
 
 %* Some pike and chub, eels and flounders, 
 were also taken, not noticed in the above account. 
 Hansard's Trout Fishing. 
 
ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 Woodcock caught when fishing for a trout. 
 James Holmes, of Pennybridge, Lancaster, tanner, 
 in throwing a jack-fly, caught a woodcock, which 
 a springer dog had put up ; the bird happened to 
 take its flight the instant Holmes was throwing his 
 line, and was hooked by the wing ; Mr. Holmes 
 kept the bird some time. Cumberland Packet. 
 
 The sensibility of the trout when hooked may 
 be applied to fish in general. The hook usually 
 is fixed on the cartilaginous part of the mouth, 
 where there are no nerves, and cold-blooded ani- 
 mals in general are less sensitive than those of 
 warm-blooded animals ; and a proof that the 
 sufferings of a hooked fish cannot be great, is 
 found in the circumstance, that though a trout 
 has been hooked and played with some minutes, 
 he will often, after his escape, with the artificial 
 fly in his mouth, take the natural fly, and feed 
 as if nothing had happened. Salmonia. 
 
 Captain Medwin was of the same opinion about 
 the sensibility of fish when hooked. 
 
 0* Shauyhnessy' s Limerick hooks. The pre- 
 sent vender of these famous hooks is a watch- 
 maker, he is no relation to the old man, but is 
 a good fisherman, and keeps good tackle ; he 
 employs a clever young man, who makes hooks 
 after the original pattern, and ties flies well. 
 
AND FISHING. 59 
 
 The most successful fly, every where, was th6 
 deep orange silk body, with broad gold tinsel, 
 rich mixed wings, and macaw horns. 
 
 Angler in Ireland. 
 
 Trout Fishing Anecdote. " As Walter was thus 
 meditating, he arrived at the banks of the little 
 brooklet, and was awakened from his reverie by 
 the sound of his own name. He started, and 
 saw the old Corporal seated on the stump of 
 a tree, and busily employed in fixing to his 
 line the mimic likeness of what anglers, and, for 
 aught we know, the rest of the world, call the 
 * violet fly/ 
 
 " 'Ha ! master, at my day's work, you see : 
 fit for nothing else now. When a musket's half 
 worn out, schoolboys buy it pop it at sparrows. 
 I be like the musket : but never mind have not 
 seen the world for nothing. We get reconciled 
 to all things: that's my way (laugh) ! Now, 
 Sir, you shall watch me catch the finest trout 
 you have seen this summer : know where he lies 
 under the bush yonder. Whi sh ! Sir, 
 whi sh!' 
 
 " The Corporal now gave his warrior soul up 
 to the due guidance of the violet-fly : now he 
 whipped it lightly on the wave ; now he slid it 
 coquettishly along the surface ; now it floated, 
 like an unconscious beauty, carelessly with the 
 tide ; and now, like an artful prude, it affected 
 
60 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 to loiter by the way, or to steal into designing 
 obscurity, under the shade of some overhanging 
 bank. But none of these manoeuvres captivated 
 the wary old trout, on whose acquisition the Cor- 
 poral had set his heart ; and what was especially 
 provoking, the angler could see distinctly the 
 dark outline of the intended victim, as it lay at 
 the bottom. 
 
 " The Corporal waited till he could no longer 
 blind himself to the displeasing fact, that the 
 violet-fly was wholly inefficacious ; he then drew 
 up his line, and replaced the contemned beauty 
 of the violet-fly, with the novel attractions of the 
 yellow-dun. 
 
 "'Now, Sir!' whispered he, lifting up his 
 finger, and nodding sagaciously to Walter. 
 Softly dropped the yellow-dun upon the water, 
 arid swiftly did it glide before the gaze of the 
 latent trout ; and now the trout seemed aroused 
 from his apathy, behold he moved forward, 
 balancing himself on his fins ; now he slowly 
 ascended towards the surface ; you might see all 
 the speckles of his coat ; the Corporal's heart 
 stood still, he is now at a convenient distance 
 from the yellow-dun ; lo, he surveys it stead- 
 fastly; he ponders, he see-saws himself to and 
 fro. The yellow -dun sails away in affected 
 indifference, that indifference whets the appetite 
 of the hesitating gazer, he darts forward ; he is 
 opposite the yellow-dun he pushes his nose 
 
AND FISHING. 61 
 
 against it with an eager rudeness, he no, he 
 does not bite, he recoils, he gazes again with sur- 
 prise and suspicion on the little charmer ; he fades 
 back slowly into the deeper water, and then sud- 
 denly turning his tail towards the disappointed 
 bait, he makes off as fast as he can, yonder, 
 yonder,- and disappears ! No, that's he, leaping 
 yonder from the wave; Jupiter! what a noble fel- 
 low 1 What leeps he at a real fly * Damn his 
 eyes!' growled the Corporal. 
 
 " ' You might have caught him with a min- 
 now,' said Walter, speaking for the first time. 
 
 "' Minnow!' repeated the Corporal gruffly, 
 'ask your honour's pardon. Minnow! I have 
 fished with the yellow-dun these twenty years, and 
 never knew it fail before. Minnow ! bauo-h ! 
 
 o 
 
 But ask pardon ; your honour is very welcome to 
 fish with a minnow if you please it.' 
 
 " ' Thank you, Bunting. And pray what sport 
 have you had to-day ?' 
 
 " ' Oh, good, good,' quoth the Corporal, 
 snatching up his basket and closing the cover, 
 lest the young Squire should pry into it. No 
 man is more tenacious of his secrets than your 
 true angler. ' Sent the best home two hours ago ; 
 one weighed three pounds, on the faith of a man ; 
 indeed, I'm satisfied now; time to give up;' and 
 the Corporal began to disjoint his rod. ' Sir,' 
 said he, with a half sigh, ' a pretty river this, don't 
 mean to say it is not; but the river Lea for my 
 
62 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 money. You know the Lea? not a morning's 
 walk from Lunnun. Mary Gibson, my first sweet- 
 heart, lived by the bridge, caught such a trout 
 there by the by! had beautiful eyes black, 
 round as a cherry five feet eight without shoes 
 might have listed in the forty-second/ " 
 
 Bulwers Eugene Aram, 1832. 
 
 The Welsh Coracle Trackle, or Fishing Boat. 
 They are constructed of willow twigs, in the 
 manner of basket work, and are covered with a 
 raw hide, or canvas, pitched in such a manner as 
 to be water-proof; they are generally five feet 
 and a half long, and four broad, their bottom is 
 a little rounded, and their shape resembles the 
 half of a walnut-shell, a seat across the centre, 
 towards the broad end. The angler paddles 
 with one hand, and casts his flies with the other, 
 and when his work is finished brings his boat 
 home on his back. They are used in fly-fishing, 
 for grayling as well as trout. 
 
 Hansard's Trout Fishing. 
 
 Mill-Burnfoot Trout. At Thankerton, 1811, 
 in the river Clyde, might be seen at the top of the 
 bridge, when the water was transparent, a trout, 
 which had been an inhabitant of these places 
 twenty years, and had also eluded every artifice 
 the ingenuity of sportsmen had devised to catch 
 
AND FISHING. 63 
 
 him, he obtained his name from the part of the 
 water he usually inhabited. 
 
 Daniel's Sports, Sup. 
 
 GRAYLING. 
 
 They are found in the Humber, the Wye, and 
 the Severn, in this last place the best method 
 of fishing for them is in a coracle, as described 
 page 62. The grayling is very similar in his 
 haunts to the trout, delights in rapid and clear 
 streams, they rise more boldly and freely, than the 
 trout, feed upon the same sort of flies, and take 
 gentles, in pursuit of which they are very sportive, 
 and determined ; if missed, they will pursue, and 
 attempt to take the same fly, though, when taken 
 they are very inanimate. Lapland is said to be 
 most plentifully supplied with this fish. 
 
 Editor. 
 
 The grayling is longer, and not so round as the 
 trout, it seldom exceeds sixteen inches, has no 
 teeth, but the lips are like a file ; when in season, 
 
64 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 the back is of a dark colour, and the sides grey : 
 for flavour they are preferred to the trout, they 
 are in season in winter ; the haunts of the gray- 
 ling and trout are the same. After the angler has 
 hooked his fish, the greatest caution is required to 
 prevent the barb breaking its hold. 
 
 Bainbridyes Fly Fisher. 
 
 Mr. Franks says, the Umber, or grayling, is 
 an amorous fish, that loves his life ; his mouth 
 waters after every wasp, as his fins flutter after 
 every fly : for, if it be but a fly, or the produce 
 of an insect, out of a generous curiosity, he is 
 ready to entertain it, smooth and swift streams 
 enamour him, but not a torrent; yet, for this fly- 
 admirer there is another bait, the munket, or 
 sea-green-grub, generated amongst owlder trees, 
 also issues from willows, sallow, &c. &c. fish him 
 finely, for he loves curiosity, neat and slender 
 tackle, and lady-like ; you must touch him gently, 
 for he is tender about the chaps, a brandling will 
 entice him from the bottom, and a gilt-tail will 
 invite him ashore Hansard's Trout Fishing. 
 
 Walton says, the largest graylings are eighteen 
 inches in length ; Mr. Pennant asserts that one 
 was taken at Ludlow, that was half a yard long, 
 and weighed four pounds six ounces. 
 
 Donovan, p. Ixxxviii. 
 
AND FISHING. 65 
 
 Fishing one day for grayling with an artificial 
 fly, made to a single hair, and a fine line to a 
 slender rod, I rose and hooked a large fish ; he 
 now began to run very hard, for I had risen 
 him over some willows, and I had no winch to 
 give him line, which made me fearful of losing 
 my fish, and part of my line ; he next took a 
 turn down the stream, which enabled me to extri- 
 cate myself from the willows. I leaped a large 
 ditch, keeping my fish in full play ; my diversion 
 became highly pleasing, the contest lasted full 
 twenty minutes, when he fairly gave it up, and, 
 retreating with caution, brought him flat on some 
 gravel, it proved to be a fine grayling, weighing 
 five pounds. Taylor s Angling. 
 
 Ludlow appears the head quarters, before they 
 set off, in April, for the principality. The public 
 conveyances begin to move to the watering 
 places. The Terme, the Corve, the Clun, and 
 the Onny are the principal streams in the imme- 
 diate neighbourhood of Ludlow. The grayling- 
 here appears brisk and frolicsome, swimming in 
 the middle of the water. The Terme bears the 
 palm for the grayling ; the Corve for the most 
 delicious pink trout, and fine eels, chub, &c. &c. 
 The sportsman's localities are every where at his 
 command in the vicinity of Oakley Park, through 
 the great liberality of the proprietor, the Hon, 
 R. H. Clive. Sporting Mag. April, 1835. 
 
66 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 There is a river called the Grand Eau, which 
 falls into the Bex, in the Valois. We have taken 
 an immense number of grayling where the two 
 streams meet; we hooked large fish at every 
 throw. In August, flies are a light dun and coch- 
 y-bondy ; it is a place worth the whole journey 
 from England. For further particulars see Han- 
 sard's Trout Fishing in Wales, an excellent prac- 
 tical work, with great variety of flies, natural and 
 artificial, stations, fishermen, &c. and with a 
 vocabulary of the Welsh language. 
 
 GUINIAD. 
 
 There is a fish in Bala Lake, called gwyniad. 
 It is the same fish as is named sewin in the north ; 
 it is taken with trout flies, shows tolerable sport, 
 and is very nimble in its movements ; it is also a 
 native of the lakes of Cumberland. 
 
 Sporting Mag. August, 1829. 
 
 THE CHARR. 
 
 The most successful mode of catching the 
 charr in the lake of Windermere, in the early 
 summer months, is by fastening a long and heavy 
 leaded line and hook, baited with a minnow, to 
 the stem of a boat, which is slowly and silently 
 rowed along. When in season, they are a strong 
 and vigorous, fish, and afford the angler excel- 
 
AND FISHING. 67 
 
 lent sport. They are caught also in Connington 
 Mere, in Lancashire. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. v. 
 
 Thecharr that are found in Ireland, in Loughs 
 Neagh, and Esk, and Lough Egish, in Ferma- 
 nagh, and Wicklow lakes, are about twelve inches 
 long. This fish appears to be in many of the 
 northern lochs, but is only taken in the spawning 
 season, when coming to the mouth of the rivulet. 
 They reach a considerable size ; they are a night- 
 feeding fish, and feed near the bottom. 
 
 William Jar dine. 
 
 THE PARR. 
 
 Among the British salmonidse, there is no fish 
 the habits of which are so regular, or the colours 
 and markings so constant, as those of this small 
 fish. It frequents the clearest streams, delights 
 in the shallower fords or heads of streams having 
 a fine gravelly bottom, and hangs there in shoals 
 in constant activity, night and day. It inhabits 
 those rivers that have an uninterrupted inter- 
 course with the sea. It takes any bait, at any 
 time, with the greatest freedom, and hundreds 
 may be caught when no trout will rise, though 
 abundant among them. In the markings they 
 are so distinct as to be at once separated from 
 the trout. Sir W. Jardine on the Parr, Edin- 
 burgh New Philosophical Journal. 
 
68 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 There is not the least doubt but parr are the 
 young of salmon. Mr. Hogg and Mr. Stoddart. 
 
 THE SHAD. 
 
 The shad arrives in the Thames in the latter 
 end of May, or early in June, and is a very coarse 
 fish. 
 
 A shad was taken in the Ouse one foot eleven 
 inches long; it is like the salmon, gregarious, and 
 lives partly in the sea. 
 
 The Severn shad is esteemed a very delicate 
 fish; about the time of its first appearance, in 
 April or May, it sells dearer than salmon. 
 
 Pennant. 
 
 When this fish leaves the sea, it is very poor, 
 and of bad taste ; but as soon as it goes up the 
 rivers, it fattens and becomes as large as salmon. 
 In Prussia it is smoke-dried, and sold to the 
 Arabians, who eat it with dates. 
 
 The shad in Hudson's River is from thirteen to 
 nineteen inches long, and on an average, before 
 dressing, weighs five pounds. This fish is caught 
 in many rivers in France, and the weight, in gene- 
 ral, is from five to eight pounds. In the Seine 
 they are very fat, and weigh from eight to ten 
 pounds. Du HameL 
 
AND FISHING. 69 
 
 In Germany, they have a peculiar manner in 
 taking this fish; the fishermen have an idea that it 
 is terrified by storms, that it loves quiet, and is de- 
 lighted with the sound of music. They therefore 
 seek the most retired places to spread their nets, 
 to those nets they fasten bells in such a manner 
 as to chime in harmony when the nets are moved ; 
 the fish will not attempt to escape when attracted 
 by the sound to the snare, and is easily taken. 
 
 Donovan, p. 58. 
 
 THE SILVER SHAD. 
 
 This fish grows to the length of twelve or four- 
 teen inches, and is large in proportion. 
 
 Brown s Nat. Hist, of Jamaica. 
 
 WHITE BAIT. 
 
 Mr. Donovan observes that the white bait most 
 certainly is the genuine offspring of the shad, 
 and that it does not admit of the slightest doubt. 
 It appears Mr. Pennant never saw a white bait, 
 therefore could not be a judge on the subject. 
 It is a matter of consequence that this enquiry, 
 on which there has been so many opinions, should 
 be set at rest. 
 
 WHITE BAIT AND SHAD. 
 
 That the diminutive fish called the white bait, 
 is the young of the shad, is a point so long 
 considered settled, that it might be thought trea- 
 
70 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 son in natural history in giving a different opinion. 
 But there are spots on the sides invariably be- 
 longing to the shad, and the white bait has none. 
 Vide plate, Zoological Journal, No. XIV. with seve- 
 ral other very material differences, which clearly 
 prove them to be a distinct species of fish. In 
 October, some white bait were caught with the 
 roe in them, besides young ones, also small shad, 
 two inches and a half long, young fishes ; shads 
 of four inches are supposed to be two years old. 
 Zoological Journal, 1828-9. 
 
 The naturalist is indebted to the great industry 
 of Mr. Yawell in clearing up this point, which 
 had for many years been considered as doubtful. 
 The Zoological Journal is well worth examin- 
 ing; indefatigable means were used to obtain this 
 information. Editor. 
 
 SMELTS. 
 
 This fish derives its name from its having the 
 smell of a violet or cucumber when fresh. The 
 smelt is a beautiful fish, and is almost transparent: 
 it is likewise very prolific. Smelts arrive in our 
 rivers in November, in the spring, and summer. 
 They are angled for with a paternoster line, and 
 No. 11 or 12 hooks, when the tide is flowing. 
 The best bait is live shrimps, or the tail of boiled 
 ones, gentles and red paste. They are to be found 
 near flood-gates, piers, &c. 
 
AND FISHING. 71 
 
 Walton mentions, that so many smelts came 
 up the river in his time, that not fewer than 2000 
 persons became anglers in one day, between Lon- 
 don bridge and Greenwich. 
 
 Smelts are to be caught near the lock-gates at 
 Ramsgate, when in season, with hook and line. 
 
 Mr. Pennant speaks of one of the largest smelts 
 he had ever heard of, that was thirteen inches in 
 length, and weighed half-a-pound. 
 
 The smelts at Montevideo are four-and-twenty 
 inches in length ; they are semi-transparent, and 
 a most delicious eating ; they are very abundant ; 
 may be caught by the hook. They are also to be 
 taken in the Straits of Magellan, twenty-nine 
 inches in length, and eight in circumference. 
 Narborouglis Voyage, 
 
 PIKE, OR JACK. 
 
 These fish frequent still, quiet waters, particu- 
 larly those with clayey bottoms, thriving more in 
 
72 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 these places than in rivers. They may be sought 
 for where aquatic plants abound, under the large 
 leaves of which the trolled bait (gently cast) is 
 seldom refused. They will take almost any kind 
 of live bait, but the best is the gudgeon. Always, 
 in live bait trolling, give the pike time to pouch. 
 Their voracity is such, that they will even seize 
 one another. Jack takes the name of pike when 
 weighing more than four pounds. When trolling 
 in the county of Norfolk, the Editor was much 
 surprised to find them in solitary ponds which 
 had been dried up for a season. They were 
 generally the size of mackerel. This remarkable 
 fact was formerly the subject of much surprise ; 
 but as the knowledge of natural history advanced, 
 it was ascertained that certain aquatic insects, 
 who subsist on the spawn of fish, in their journey- 
 ings from pond to pond, deposit the spawn before 
 its vitality is destroyed, and thus, by a bountiful 
 intention of nature, renew the supply. 
 
 %* The contents of this work afford ample 
 instances of this point. Editor. 
 
 Curious Trimmers for Pike. These trimmers 
 are so fixed with a natural bait on the hook, by a 
 rather curious contrivance, that whether alive or 
 dead, the fish always remained in a swimming 
 position. Lloydd's Northern Sports. 
 
AND FISHING. 73 
 
 This fish attains to a large size in a shorter 
 time, in proportion to most others : in the course 
 of the first year it grows eight or ten inches ; the 
 second, to twelve and fourteen ; the third, to 
 eighteen or twenty inches. Willougliby speaks 
 of one that weighed thirty-two pounds. Pennant 
 heard of one that weighed thirty-five pounds. 
 Another was taken at Dresden which weighed 
 forty-three pounds. Dr. Brand saw one seven 
 feet in length taken at Berlin. But these are all 
 greatly inferior in size to those mentioned by Pliny, 
 and other ancient authors. Donovan, p. 109. 
 
 Extraordinary Growth of Pike. Four years 
 ago, some pike were turned into a pond belonging 
 to R. Cartwright, Esq. in Northamptonshire. The 
 largest weighed two and a half pounds. In 
 October last, the pond was let off, and one pike 
 of nineteen pounds, together with five more from 
 eleven to fifteen pounds each. There was a good 
 stock of carp in it when the water was let off. 
 Mag. Nat. Hist. Nov. 5, 1829. 
 
 The rapid growth of some fish is very extraor- 
 dinary. I saw three pike taken out of a pond in 
 Staffordshire, belonging to the present Sir J. Clark 
 Jervoise, two of which weighed thirty-six pounds 
 each, and the other thirty-five pounds. The pond 
 was fished every seven years, and, supposing that 
 store pike of six or seven pound weight were left 
 
74 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 in it, the growth of the pike in question must have 
 been at the rate of four pounds per year. 
 
 Jesse s Gleanings of Nat. Hist. 
 
 Great Age of Pike. Ryacznski assures us he 
 had seen a pike ninety years old. 
 
 Shooting Pike. Some labourers at work near 
 Godalming, observed, in the river between that 
 town and the village of Hurtmore, a large jack, 
 which approached so near to the bank, that they 
 struck at it with their bills ! The fish did not 
 immediately disappear, as might have been ex- 
 pected, but remained within sight, till a gentle- 
 man, who was shooting near the spot, and was 
 called by the workmen, arrived at the place, when 
 he shot at it : the fish instantly leaped out of the 
 water, and, as it reached the surface, the gentle- 
 man discharged his second barrel at it. The 
 " tyrant of the water" then disappeared for a 
 short time, but the gentleman, having re-loaded 
 his gun, discovered it near him, when he shot it 
 again upon the head. This last shot killed it, 
 and with the assistance of the men he got it out 
 of the water, and had it conveyed to Northbrook 
 Place, the residence of W. Keen, Esq. where it 
 was weighed and measured. It proved to be four 
 feet in length, from the snout to the extremity of 
 the tail, and weighed twenty-four pounds. It was 
 afterwards sent as a present to J. H. Frankland, 
 
AND FISHING. 75 
 
 Esq. of Eashing House, near Godalming, who has 
 employed a skilful artist in the neighbourhood to 
 preserve and stuff it. 
 
 Pike are frequently shot when basking in the 
 sun, by aiming your piece right under them ; for 
 there is a great deception in the water, causing 
 the shot to rise when fired into. Ency. Lond. 
 
 Hunting and Shooting Pike. On a fine day, 
 hold a mirror in the sun, so that it reflects on a 
 place where pike are known to be in plenty, which 
 also attracts them to the place, and then fire at 
 them just under water. Du Hamel. 
 
 Mr. Oliver caught a large pike in the Coquet 
 river, with an artificial frog, and double snap. 
 He refused a small trout. Directly he felt him- 
 self pricked, he let him forty yards of line, but 
 not gently. The fish weighed ten pounds, and was 
 two feet seven long ; but the most interesting part 
 was, that the fish at one period of the contest had 
 the better of the angler, who fell into the water, 
 having both hands on the rod, and the fish was 
 making off with him. Mr. Oliver was dragged 
 out by his friend. 
 
 On our way back from the Lowther, we chanced 
 to look over the bridge, and we observed a pike 
 lolling at his ease, as in his own parlour, with 
 
76 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 his mouth open ; and, putting a snood over his 
 snout, we wisked him into the upper air like 
 winking, and laid the fourteen incher on the 
 table. Oliver's Fly Fishing. 
 
 Encouragement to Pike Fishers as an incen- 
 tive to Trailers, ^rc. Of the following instances 
 of killing large pike with hook and line many 
 are of recent date ; they are of particular interest 
 now, as good sport may be obtained at this present 
 time. Editor. 
 
 At Broadford, near Limerick, a pike was said 
 to be killed, of the astonishing weight of ninety- 
 six pounds. Angler in Ireland. 
 
 The largest pike ever known to be caught by 
 trolling was by Colonel Thornton, in Loch Pen- 
 tuliche, it weighed within two ounces of fifty 
 pounds. A fine engraving of this fish is to be seen 
 in Daniel's Rural Sports. It took the colonel 
 an hour and a quarter to kill him ; and had not 
 he been in a boat, and by that means humoured 
 the fish, it is very probable it would have been lost. 
 
 The next large pike was taken by the troll, by 
 Mr. Bent, at the pool at Packington ; weighed 
 thirty-four pounds. 
 
 Mr. Wilson caught a pike in the Driffield ca- 
 nal, near Brigham, which weighed twenty-eight 
 
AND FISHING. 77 
 
 pounds, and, what was singular, had five pounds 
 of solid fat taken from its inside. Rural Sports. 
 A remarkably fine pike was lately caught by 
 Mr. R. Evanry, (as he was trolling with a verj 
 small line) ; this fish was of the immense weight 
 of thirty pounds, measuring three feet six inches 
 in length, and one foot ten inches in girth. It 
 is singular, that in 1827, Mr. Evanry caught a 
 small pike, weighing only two pounds, which, after 
 cutting out one joint of the fin, he threw in again. 
 This pike had lost part of the fin, and is therefore 
 supposed to be the identical fish. 
 
 Salisbury Guardian, March, 1834. 
 
 A Brace of Pike caught by the same Hook and 
 Line at one time, (or ' Killing two Birds with one 
 Stone.') Two gentlemen were lately perch fishing, 
 with minnows, in a pond belonging to Sir G. Crewe, 
 when a pike, apparently about two pounds, was 
 hooked. The assistance of the angler's friend, 
 who was at some distance from the spot, was 
 required to land the fish ; but, before this gentle- 
 man could reach the place, the feel of the rod 
 suddenly indicated an additional weight or resist- 
 ance. When, however, they were enabled to 
 show the fish, he was found seized across the 
 back by a much larger, about ten pounds weight. 
 It now became a matter of consideration how 
 to take both. A stick of some length was hastily 
 cut, and a large treble hook was as speedily at- 
 tached to it; with this the heavier fish was struck 
 
78 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 on the side ; but this had only the effect of remov- 
 ing its scales ; the second effort was more fortu- 
 nate ; the hook being introduced into the side of 
 the mouth, by a sudden strong lift, the fish were 
 landed, the parties being highly delighted with 
 their success. Derby Reporter, Sept. 1833. 
 
 Captain Medwin says he saw a pike taken in 
 Gloucestershire, by trolling, weighing eighteen 
 pounds, that had one of four pounds undigested 
 in his stomach, and that fish another in his, of 
 one pound ; so that three fish were taken by the 
 same bait. 
 
 Pike Fishing Extraordinary. Between Hen- 
 ley and Warwick, there is a pool of four acres, 
 in a very secluded spot ; and, being an excellent 
 manor, it attracted the attention of some gen- 
 tlemen who had a right of sporting there. For 
 the purpose of taking a few live baits, a cast- 
 ing net was thrown in, and it was soon perceived 
 they had captured a considerable prize. It proved 
 to be a pike, weighing thirty-three pounds, three 
 feet six inches in length, and two feet in girth. 
 This success stimulated the party to fresh exer- 
 tions ; live baits were put on the hooks ; and after 
 more than an hour's struggle, a second pike was 
 landed, weighing thirty-three pounds and a half; 
 length, forty-eight inches and a half, and girth, 
 twenty-two and a quarter. 
 
 Wolverhampton Chron. May, \ 833. 
 
AND FISHING. 79 
 
 On Monday, was caught, in the Frogmore ca- 
 nal, a brace of pike, of the weight of forty-eight 
 pounds; the male fish weighed twenty- two pounds 
 and a quarter, the female twenty-five pounds and 
 three quarters. To the disciples of old Izaak a 
 view of these fish would be most interesting, as 
 they were in the height of the season. They were 
 forwarded to Brighton, by Mr. Watkins, steward 
 to her Royal Highness the Princess Augusta, for 
 the use of the Royal table. 
 
 Windsor Paper, Dec. 1832. 
 
 An enormous pike caught at Chillington pool, 
 in Brewood, Staffordshire, seat of C. F. Gifford, 
 Esq. , weighed forty-six pounds, and measured from 
 head to tail, four feet three inches. In its belly 
 was found a trout, weighing four pounds and a 
 half ; and a mole, with which the fish was caught 
 when devouring it. County Chron. June, 1822. 
 
 Instances of the Rapacity of the Pike. Pike- 
 taken with a gorged rusty Hook projecting out of 
 his Side, *c. $*c. A friend of mine caught a pike 
 a few minutes after breaking his tackle, and found 
 it in the pike, with a part of the gimp hanging out 
 of his mouth. He also caught another in high con- 
 dition, with a piece of strong wire projecting from its 
 side : on opening it, a double eel-hook was found 
 at the end of the wire, much corroded. This may 
 
80 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 account for so few pike being dead after they have 
 broken away with a gorge hook in them. 
 
 Jesse's Gleanings. 
 
 An account will be found in Davy's Salmonia, 
 of a pike taking a bait with a set of four hooks in 
 his mouth, which he had just before broken from 
 a line. 
 
 %* This proves the assertion under the head 
 Trout, of the want of sensibility of fish in being 
 hooked. 
 
 Two boys, one about seven, the other about 
 nine, the sons of Mr. Dilworth, of Charlceste, 
 after play, went to a pond belonging to the Rev. 
 Mr. Lacy, to wash their hands. A pike seized 
 the hand of Dilworth, who drew back his hand 
 with the pike, and threw it on the bank, without 
 its letting go ; but the boys were too much con- 
 fused, to prevent its gaining its native element. 
 The hand of the boy was much lacerated. 
 
 Warwickshire Advertiser, Oct. 12, 1822. 
 
 A pike of a monstrous size in the Earl of 
 Abingdon's mote, destroyed four young swans, 
 feathers and all. It was remarkable, that an old 
 cobb swan hatched five young ones, and the 
 fifth would have shared the fate of the others but 
 for the gardener's assistance. Gent. Mag. 
 
AND FISHING. 81 
 
 As Mr. Leigh's gamekeepers were dragging a 
 part of the river Avon, under Berscott Wood, they 
 caught a pike, which, after laying on the bank, 
 wanted to disgorge something ; it was immedi- 
 ately opened, and another fish taken out of its 
 belly, of two feet two inches, weighing four pounds 
 and a half; the weight of the pike was sixteen 
 pounds. 
 
 Near Youghall, a yearling calf drinking in the 
 river Blackwater, was seized by a pike, which 
 was drawn out of the water before quitting hold ; 
 it weighed thirty-five pounds. Ireland is remark- 
 able for abundance of pike ; in the Shannon and 
 Lough Corrib they have been found seventy 
 pounds weight. 
 
 Daniel's Rural Sports. 
 
 A girl fourteen years of age went to a pool of 
 water belonging to S. P. Wolferstan, esq. at 
 Stratford, in Staffordshire, to wash herself; whilst 
 so doing a large pike seized one of her hands, by 
 which it was instantaneously hauled ashore, and 
 secured with difficulty, the hand was much la- 
 cerated. The fish was two feet ten inches long. 
 
 June, 1822. 
 
 On emptying a pool which had not been fished 
 for ages at Lillishall Lime Works, near Newport, 
 G 
 
82 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 an enormous pike was found, weighing upwards 
 of one hundred and seventy pounds. 
 
 Dodsley's Register, 1765. 
 
 A monstrous large pike taken at Loch Alva, 
 by Colonel Thornton, measured five feet four 
 inches ; weight forty-eight pounds. 
 
 At Loch Spey a pike was killed that weighed 
 one hundred and forty-six pounds. 
 
 Thorntons Sporting Tour. 
 
 A large pike was caught in the river Ouse 
 which weighed twenty-eight pounds, and was sold 
 to a gentleman, of Littlepont, for one guinea, 
 the cook found in the fish a watch, with a black 
 riband and keys, maker's name Cranfield Burn- 
 ham : upon inquiry, the watch had been sold to 
 a gentleman's servant who was, unfortunately, 
 drowned. Gent. Mag. vol. xxxv. 
 
 Sir Cecil Wray caught, in 1799, at the drain- 
 ing of the water from his lake, at Summer Castle, 
 a pike that weighed forty-seven pounds. 
 
 A pike was caught in Bixton river, near Nor- 
 wich, which weighed forty-six pounds. 
 
 Dodsley's Register, vol. iii. 
 
 A large pike was caught in the Ouse, near Pas- 
 senham, fifty-nine inches long, and fourteen in 
 
AND FISHING. 83 
 
 width ; a painting of this pike was preserved at 
 Perry's Park House. 
 
 Mortons Nat. History of Stafford. 
 
 A large male pike was caught in Exon park, be- 
 longing to the Earl of Gainsboro, length four 
 feet, girth two feet and a half, weight, thirty-seven 
 pounds ; it was the largest ever taken in these 
 waters. Gent. May. vol. Ixvi. 
 
 Pike were taken in Whittleseamere, and in Blen- 
 heim lake, of twenty pounds weight, and of thirty- 
 five pounds in Winandermere. 
 
 New Monthly Mag. 1820. 
 
 Mr. Waring, when trying for roach with a 
 single gut line, and strong hook, was suddenly 
 seized and carried away. The tackle was let go, 
 and art resorted to to tire the fish ; but the punt 
 was obliged to be let go, and the fish took punt and 
 every thing down the stream for some distance, 
 without appearing to lose any of his strength. 
 By great skill he was at length brought to the 
 top of the water, and got home just as he arrived 
 at some weeds, where he must inevitably have 
 liberated himself; it proved to be a pike of six- 
 teen pounds and a half weight, hooked under his 
 vent-gill, leaving him power to escape. 
 
 Sporting Mag. June, 1835. 
 
84 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 It is generally imagined that pike will not take 
 the fly, but here are instances to the contrary. 
 One would consider him in a sportive mood at 
 the time, as their usual baits are all of such a 
 very different description. Editor. 
 
 Pike taken by fly-fishing. The following sin- 
 gular occurrence in piscatorial annals took place 
 at Llandrindod Wells, in Radnorshire. A gentle- 
 man was fly-fishing in the Ithon for salmon, with 
 a large brown-winged fly, with a gold twist body, 
 made on a No. 1 hook, when a pike, weighing nearly 
 eight pounds, rose, was hooked, and killed. 
 
 A few years ago, a person trolling for pike in the 
 Lugg, near Button, caught a salmon about nine 
 pounds weight, which dashed at the bait with all 
 the ferocity of a pike. 
 
 John Bull, Nov. 18, 1827. 
 
 A friend of mine has caught a pike with an arti- 
 ficial fly, at Boxmore, Herts. Editor. 
 
 Angling for Pike with the Fly. A kind of 
 fishing not much in use, but on some waters 
 most deadly ; it is practised in the lochs of 
 Scotland. The pike fly should be large and 
 gaudy, fabricated of divers feathers and tinsels, 
 to resemble the king-fisher, or large dragon-fly. 
 
AND FISHING. 85 
 
 Use it in a strong warm wind, upon water from 
 six to two feet deep, and near the weeds. 
 
 Stoddart's Scottish Angler. 
 
 Stones found in the stomachs of Pike. The 
 Rev. W. T. Bree, of Ullesley Rectory, mentions 
 having, in the year 1830, found in a pike of three 
 and a half pounds weight, a stone which weighed 
 four ounces three quarters : he also saw in one, a 
 pebble, much larger, at Packington hall, the seat 
 of the Earl of Aylesford ; and had conversed with 
 a fisherman on the subject, who had seen many, 
 one as large as his fist, which he had kept several 
 years ; there can be little doubt these stones en- 
 tered the fish through the mouth, either swallowed 
 as they were falling into the water, or in seizing 
 his prey. Maj. Nat. Hist. Vol. in. No. 17. 
 
 Blind Pike. The Marq. de Montalbert often 
 fished for pike in the Fountain of Gabard, in A ngou- 
 mois, and always found them blind, or if not quite 
 so, the one eye blind, and the other diseased. This 
 fountain is a species of gulf, of which the bottom 
 has never been found ; no nets can be used here. 
 This fountain also discharges itself in Lissonia, in 
 which no fish are ever found blind. 
 
 Hist, de L' Academic des Sciences, 1748, 
 
86 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 IRELAND. 
 
 Some years since, when visiting the Marquis 
 of Clanricarde at Portumna Castle, two gentle- 
 men killed, in the river Shannon, an amazing 
 pike, weighing ninety-two pounds, which had got 
 on ground in pursuing small fish. His length 
 was such, that when carried across on an oar, the 
 head and tail touched the ground. 
 
 Wild Sports of the West. 
 
 In the River Shannon a large pike was taken 
 weighing seventy pounds. At Hull river, near 
 Beverley, one was taken weighing eighteen 
 pounds. 
 
 It is no unusual event for a pike to be taken 
 from thirty to sixty pounds, in Loughs Mask and 
 Corrib. The trout in these loughs are also im- 
 mensely large; they weigh from five to fifteen 
 pounds. 
 
 Angling for Pike with the pooka in Ireland. 
 The pooka is formed with a piece of flat board 
 having a little mast and sail erected on it. Its 
 use is to carry out the extremity of a long line 
 of considerable stoutness ; an infinity of droppers 
 or links are suspended, each armed with a hook, 
 and bait ; corks are affixed to the principal line 
 to keep it buoyant on the surface, and from a 
 weather-shore; if there be a tolerable breeze, 
 
AND FISHING. 87 
 
 any quantity of hooks and bait may be floated 
 easily across the water, the corks indicate to the 
 fisherman when a fish is on the dropper, which 
 he attends to in a small punt. 
 
 Wild Sports of the West. 
 
 Gander Fishing for Pike. Several years ago 
 a farmer, who resided in the immediate neigh- 
 bourhood of Lochmaben, Dumfrieshire, kept a 
 gander, who not only had the trick of wandering 
 himself, but also delighted in piloting forth his 
 cackling harem to weary themselves in circum- 
 navigating their native lake, or in straying amidst 
 the hidden fields on the opposite shore. Wishing 
 to check this flagrant habit, he one day seized the 
 gander just as he was about to spring into the pure 
 breast of his favourite element, and, tying a large 
 fish-hook to his leg, to which was attached part of a 
 dead frog, he suffered him to proceed on his voy- 
 age of discovery. As had been anticipated, this 
 bait soon caught the eye of a greedy pike, which, 
 swallowing the deadly hook, not only arrested 
 the progress of the astonished gander, but forced 
 him to perform half a dozen somersets on the 
 surface of the water ! For some time the struggle 
 was most amusing, the fish pulling, and the bird 
 struggling with all its might ; the one attempting 
 to fly, the other to swim from the invisible enemy, 
 the gander for one moment losing, the next 
 regaining his centre of gravity, and casting, be- 
 
88 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 tween times, many a rueful look at his snow-white 
 fleet of geese and goslings, who cackled out their 
 sympathy for their afflicted commodore. At length 
 victory declared in favour of the feathered angler, 
 who, bearing away for the nearest shore, landed, 
 on the smooth green, one of the largest pikes ever 
 caught in the castle-loch. The adventure is said 
 to have cured the gander of his propensity for wan- 
 dering. 
 
 In the reservoir near Glasgow, the country peo- 
 ple are reported to be in the habit of employing 
 ducks in this novel mode of fishing. This latter 
 fact is not vouched for, but may be inquired into. 
 
 The principal way to take a pike in Shropshire 
 is to procure a goose, take one of the pike lines, 
 baited, tie the line under the left wing, and over 
 the right wing of the goose, turn it into a pond 
 where pikes are, and you are sure to have some 
 sport. Barker. 
 
 Pike and Eagle. Mr. Loyd, in his Sporting 
 Anecdotes of the North, observes, that there are 
 numerous instances of eagles pouncing on pike 
 when basking near the surface of the water. One 
 of them not being able to disengage his talons, 
 was, of course, drowned. The eagles have been 
 known to strike turbots and other fish in the sea 
 with similar results. 
 
AND FISHING. 89 
 
 Pike catching a Swallow on the Wing. A 
 young gentleman walking in Mr. Longster's gar- 
 den, at Malton, on the banks of the Derwent, 
 saw a fine pike suddenly dart out of the river, 
 and seize a swallow that was gliding along the 
 surface of the water. The sun might be so low 
 as to place the bird's shadow in advance of the 
 bird itself, and thus give the pike an advantage. 
 Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. vii. p. 43. 
 
 Pike and Dog. A gentleman angling for pike, 
 succeeded in taking a very large one, at which 
 time he was encountered by a shepherd and his 
 dog, he made the man a present of the fish, 
 and while engaged in clearing his tackle he saw 
 the dog, who had for some time been expressing 
 his satisfaction by the most unequivocal signs, 
 seat himself unsuspectingly with his tail at a 
 tempting proximity to the jaws of the pike, which 
 suddenly caught at it. The dog was terrified at 
 such an appendage to his tail, he ran in every 
 direction to free himself, even plunged into the 
 river, but in vain, the hair had become so entangled 
 in the fish's teeth. On landing, he ran to his 
 master's cottage, and was released. 
 
 Dr. Smith. Fish and Fisheries. 
 
 Pike and Fox, At Dropmore, Bucks, (the seat 
 of Lord Grenville,) the men employed in the gar- 
 dens having observed the swans in an agitated 
 
90 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 state, and several ducks having been lately stolen, 
 they repaired to the lake, when they observed a 
 fox approach the water, snatch up a fish, and run 
 off with it ; the party gave chase, and reynard 
 dropped his prey, which proved a pike weighing 
 three pounds and a half. 
 
 Windsor Express, June, 1832. 
 
 PERCH. 
 
 The perch is the best known of the osseous 
 fishes of Europe, and is one of the most esteemed 
 and striking in its character. It is both a river 
 and a pond fish. As a river fish it appears to 
 rise rather towards the source of the waters, than 
 to descend to their outlets, to the ocean, being 
 very inimical to salt water. It is seldom found 
 at a greater depth under water than two or three 
 feet. The perch are a very prolific fish. Picot 
 mentions a million of spawn in one fish. They 
 are taken, of nine pounds weight, in Lough Corrib, 
 and afford very excellent sport in Whittlesey mere 
 with minnows ; very fine perch are also caught at 
 Dagenham Breach. Editor. 
 
AND FISHING. 91 
 
 The perch are to be found in all the temperate 
 parts of Europe, and in great part of Asia ; they 
 are also found in Italy and Sweden, likewise in 
 Great Britain, where they are very plentiful ; it is 
 not mentioned in the North Sea, nor in the Faunas 
 of the Orkneys and Greenland. It is fished for, 
 says Pallas, all over the Russian empire and 
 Georgia ; and if the perch does not exist in North 
 America, there is at least a fish very like it. This 
 fish inclines rather to the sources of a river, than 
 to descend to the sea. Its motion in swimming is 
 in bounds, and not in flocks, like other fish. A 
 perch seven inches long is considered three years 
 old. Baron Cuvier. 
 
 Perch are in general very tenacious of life ; 
 some of them have been known to survive a jour- 
 ney of sixty miles on dry straw. Bingley. 
 
 The various ways of catching perch, and their 
 boldness in biting, afford the angler most excel- 
 lent sport. The perch delight in clear swift rivers, 
 with a gravelly bottom, not very deep water. 
 They thrive best in ponds which have a brook or 
 rivulet running through them. Their best baits 
 are crabbs' claws, perch eyes, red worms, with- 
 out knots, all well scoured, minnows, &c. &c. 
 
 The Editor had good sport at Frencham, with 
 minnows. 
 
92 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 Some time ago, two young gentlemen of Dum- 
 fries, while fishing at Dalswinton loch, having 
 expended their stock of worms, &c. had recourse 
 to the expedient of picking out the eyes of the 
 dead perch, and attaching them to their hooks, 
 a bait which the perch is known to take quite 
 as readily as any other. One of the perch 
 caught in this manner struggled so much when 
 taken out of water, that the hook had no sooner 
 been loosened from its mouth, than it came in 
 contact with one of its own eyes, and actually 
 tore it. The pain occasioned by this accident 
 only made the fish struggle the harder, until at 
 last it fairly slipped through the holder's fingers, 
 and again escaped to its native element. The 
 disappointed fisher, still retaining the eye of the 
 aquatic fugitive, adjusted it on the hook, and 
 again committed his line to the waters. After a 
 very short interval, on pulling up the line, he was 
 astonished to find the identical perch that had 
 eluded his grasp a few minutes before, and which 
 literally perished by swallowing its own eye. 
 London Museum, Sept. 14, 1822. 
 
 I caught a large perch, weighing three pounds, 
 by a hook passed through the back fin of a min- 
 now ; and lost several by the hook passed through 
 the upper part of the mouth, Salmonia. 
 
AND FISHING. 93 
 
 VARIETY OF PERCH. 
 
 Pike Perch. This fish attains the length of 
 three or four feet, and is sometimes found of the 
 weight of twenty pounds, in Northern Europe, the 
 Danube, and lakes of Saxony. It remains in deep 
 water, and seldom approaches the surface. It is 
 greatly prized, and the fishing for it is ardently 
 followed in the North : it quickly dies when taken 
 out of the water. 
 
 Perca Cabrilla. This perch has only one fin 
 on the back ; the covers of the gills are guarded 
 by two spines ; the colours in stripes, red and 
 blue ; the sides marked with dusky bands. 
 
 Gent. Mag. vol. xli. p. 249. 
 
 Silver Perch. A most beautiful fish, coloured 
 after nature, maybe seen in Mr. Bennet's fine work 
 of the fishes of Ceylon. 
 
 Purple Perch is to be seen in the same col- 
 lection. 
 
 Perca Labrax. This perch has two fins ; it is 
 of a most delicious taste ; grows to the weight of 
 fifteen pounds ; feeds on fish, sea- weeds, and 
 shrimps, and is found in the Mediterranean. 
 
 Gentleman s Magazine, vol. xli. p. 249. 
 
94 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 There is one species of perch which is capable 
 of quitting its native element, and breathing the 
 air, like eels, by climbing up posts, &c. &c. 
 
 Gallery of Nature, vol. v. 
 
 Crooked Perch. Back quite hunched, and the 
 back-bone near the tail distorted ; to be found in 
 the Thames, near Marlow; also in a perch-pool in 
 Lyn Kaithlyn, Merionethshire. 
 
 The author of the Angler's Sure Guide, says, 
 he once saw the figure of a perch drawn with a 
 pencil on a door near Oxford, which was twenty- 
 nine inches long. In the lakes of Lapland and 
 Siberia, perch are found of a monstrous size. Mr. 
 Pennant says, one taken in the Serpentine river 
 weighed nine pounds. In the great pool of Bala, 
 North Wales, they are taken at five pounds weight. 
 
 Schoeffer asserts that in Lapland there is a 
 dried head of a perch preserved in the church at 
 Luchlah, which, from the top to the under jaw, is 
 about two hands broad. 
 
 A perch of eight pounds was taken in Dagenham 
 Breach by Mr. Carter. 
 
 At Mulham Water, near Settle, in Yorkshire, 
 perch grow to five pounds or upwards, but are 
 generally blind with one eye, or both. 
 
 Sportsman's Cyclopedia. 
 
AND FISHING. 95 
 
 It sometimes occurs that the fishermen take a 
 perch with a stickleback in his mouth, which they 
 take out, and place the perch again in the water ; 
 but the wound in his mouth is so great that it 
 cannot be shut, and he becomes a prey to ducks 
 and large fish. Dr. Block. 
 
 Girl killed by swallowing a Perch. AtWee- 
 don-bec a young man and maid were playing with 
 a perch, the lad threatened to make the girl swal- 
 low it, on which she opened her mouth unthink- 
 ingly, and the fish springing out of the lad's hand, 
 suddenly stuck in her throat, which killed her on 
 the spot. Gent. Mag. vol. 1. 
 
 As a barge heavily laden was passing up the 
 Thames and Severn Canal, at Lodgmore, near 
 Stroud, a small perch pursued by a pike, actu- 
 ally jumped from the water on board, and was 
 immediately followed by the pike, when both 
 were secured by a boy who was steering the ves- 
 sel, the pike weighed between two and three 
 pounds. Gloucester Chronicle, 1833. 
 
 In the Yas and Murrumbridgie rivers native 
 perch are caught, from the weight of seventy to 
 one hundred and twenty pounds, the breadth is 
 great in proportion to the length of the fish. 
 
 Bennett's Wanderings in New South Wales. 
 
96 
 
 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 RUFFE, OR POPE. 
 
 The Ruffe is common to almost all the rivers 
 and canals of England ; particularly the Thames, 
 the Isis, and the Cam, also the Yare, have it in 
 abundance, and though said to be unknown in 
 Spain, it is found over the colder portion of the 
 European continent, preferring slow, shaded 
 streams, and gravelly bottoms. In its habits the 
 ruffe resembles the perch, and feeds like that fish, 
 it seldom resists a small red worm ; when you have 
 a bite strike directly. It is five or six inches long, 
 and its flesh is said to be excellent ; it must be 
 dressed in the same manner as the perch. 
 
 YarrelVs British Fishes. 
 
AND FISHING. 97 
 
 CARP. 
 
 Carp is a very wary fish, and requires the 
 angler's utmost patience to ensnare. The biting 
 time of this fish, (particularly of large carp) is 
 very early in the morning. They delight in still 
 water, where there are large flags and weeds, with 
 broad leaves. One of the best methods of ang- 
 ling for carp is to gently drop in a line leaded 
 with a single shot only, which will be sufficient 
 to sink the bait. Do this in the following man- 
 ner, let the bait so fall, that itself, and a few 
 inches of the line, with the shot, may rest on one 
 of the large leaves, the bait itself hanging within 
 the water, over the edge of such a leaf; this bait 
 must be a red worm, with a gentle to cover the 
 point of the hook ; when you observe the shot 
 drawn from the leaf, give the fish time to swal- 
 low his bait. But if you are fishing with paste, 
 or boiled green peas, &c. &c. strike instantly, 
 let your tackle be strong, for the carp will afford 
 you sport. You are enabled to judge of their 
 haunts, when you hear them smack, or suck, as 
 it is sometimes called. Throw in some slices of 
 
98 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 bread as ground-bait, on the over-night : and 
 cast in, whilst angling, some small pieces, like 
 peas, if you use paste; but the ground-bait is 
 sufficient to entice them to the place. 
 
 Carp exhibit more or less of colour, according 
 to their age, and the waters they inhabit ; those 
 taken from ponds will be greatly benefited in 
 taste, by being put into river water for ten days, 
 or a fortnight. Carp feed upon the larva of insects, 
 worms, spawn, and young shoots of water plants, 
 for which reason it is found beneficial to carp- 
 ponds, when the water is low, to sow grass-seeds 
 round the edges, &c. &c. They will live a long 
 time out of water, and, with proper care in chang- 
 ing their litter, (keeping it moist,) they may be 
 transported to a great distance. Dr. Block says, 
 seven ships are employed in this trade to a great 
 extent, from Polish Prussia to Stockholm, and 
 are said to produce an ample profit. Carp were 
 introduced into England in the year 1514. 
 
 Editor. 
 
 At a relation's in Essex, I rose two successive 
 mornings at day-break, and caught with lob- 
 worms a brace of fine carp, eighteen inches long, 
 and broad in proportion. I angled at different 
 parts of the day for several days, even with green 
 peas, paste, &c. &c. without obtaining a single 
 bite. Editor. 
 
AND FISHING. 99 
 
 Weight of Carp. In England and France, carp 
 seldom exceed ten pounds. In Germany they are 
 monstrous. One was taken at Dertz which weighed 
 thirty-eight pounds. In Prussia they frequently 
 weigh forty, and in the Volga they are five feet 
 long. One caught near Frankfort on the Oder, was 
 nine feet long, and three feet in width, weighing se- 
 venty pounds. Lake Zug, in Switzerland, produces 
 carps of ninety pounds ; and in the Dniester, some 
 had been taken, of which knife-handles are made 
 with the scales. Carp do not arrive at this pro- 
 digious size until they are of a very advanced 
 age. Donovan. 
 
 They are sometimes caught in Lago di Como, 
 in Italy, weighing two hundred pounds. Mrs, 
 Garrick said she had seen in her country, Italy, a 
 head of a carp served up at table sufficient to fill 
 a large dish. 
 
 Dr. Block records a carp taken in the domains 
 of Count de Schulenbourg, in Saxony, that 
 weighed thirty-two pounds ; but Jovius, and an- 
 cient writers, mention some much larger. 
 
 Carp in warm climates often arrive at the 
 length of two, three, or four feet ; and weigh, 
 from twenty to thirty or forty pounds. 
 
 Shaw's Zoology. 
 
100 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 Mr. Ladbroke, from his park at Gallon, pre- 
 sented Lord Egremont wilh a brace lhat weighed 
 thirty-five pounds. In 1793, at the fishing of a 
 large piece of water at Slourhead, where a thou- 
 sand brace of carp were laken, the largest was 
 thirty inches long, and twenty-lwo broad, and 
 weighed eighleen pounds. 
 
 Mr. Milward has drawn carp from his marl 
 pils, weighing twenty-five pounds a brace, and 
 having two inches of fat upon them. They were 
 fed upon pease. 
 
 A brace of carp were presented to the Princess 
 of Wales, weighing twenly-eighl pounds, caughl in 
 a pond near Godslone, Surrey. 
 
 Dodsley's Regist. 1761. 
 
 A large carp was caughl in ihe Thames, near 
 Hamplon Courl, which weighed ihirleen pounds. 
 
 Taylor s Angling. 
 
 At the Prince of Condes seat, at Chantilly, 
 the most pleasing things were the immense shoals 
 of very large carp, silvered over with age, like 
 silver-fish, and perfectly tame ; so lhal when any 
 passengers approached, ihey came lo the shore in 
 great numbers to be fed, bread being always ready 
 for ihem : they even suffered themselves to be 
 handled. Dr. Smith. 
 
AND FISHING. 101 
 
 A pond in the garden of Emmanuel College, 
 Cambridge, contained a carp near eighty years 
 old. 
 
 Euffon assures us that they feed them in the 
 moats in Pontchartrain, and that there are some 
 carp there that are two hundred years old, and 
 some in Lusac about the same age. The middle of 
 Europe is the best suited to carp ; in proportion 
 as they are found north, they become smaller. 
 
 Very fine carp are caught atDagenham Breach. 
 
 After trying many experiments to catch carp, 
 without success, sink an old boat with small deck, 
 for three months, and raise it up by one on each 
 side ; you will then find plenty of large carp and 
 eels, but not small ones, as they will not enter the 
 boat. Duhamel. 
 
 Culture of Carp and Tench in Fish Ponds. 
 It is supposed that ninety brace of full-sized 
 carp, and forty of tench, are a good stock for an 
 acre of water. In some parts of Germany, where 
 the domestication of fish is practised, a suit of 
 ponds are so constructed that they can empty the 
 water and fish of one pond into another. The 
 empty one is then plowed, and sown with barley ; 
 when the grain is in the ear, the water and its 
 inhabitants are again admitted ; and, by feeding 
 
102 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 on the corn, are more expeditiously fattened than 
 by any other management. All ponds should 
 have a brook or rivulet running through them, or 
 fresh springs. It increases the feed and comfort 
 of the fish during the heat of summer, and coun- 
 teracts the effects of frost during the winter. 
 
 Daniel's Sports. 
 
 In the Wealds of Sussex the fish ponds are in- 
 numerable. 
 
 An excellent method of fattening carp, is to 
 take the mud round the outside of the pond, in 
 the month of April, when the water is low, and 
 sow some hay seeds thereon, because, in the 
 winter, when flooded, the produce will afford ex- 
 cellent food for the carp. Mr. Cherry, of Bir- 
 mingham, says, that a friend of his does this every 
 year, and by that means obtains excellent fish ; 
 and that the largest carp he ever saw taken, was 
 at Blenheim, by Beckley, the Duke of Marlbo- 
 rough's fisherman ; it weighed thirteen pounds. 
 
 To Fatten Carp out of Water. An experi- 
 ment has been made, by placing carp in a net well 
 wrapped up in wet moss, the mouth only being 
 left out ; then, hanging it up in a cellar, or cool 
 place, to be frequently fed with bread and milk, 
 and to be often plunged in water. It is said to 
 have grown very fat, and to have been of a very 
 superior taste. Pennant. 
 
AND FISHING. 103 
 
 This method is practised in Holland. 
 
 Carp Ponds. They have three ponds for carp 
 in France. The first, for the growing carp, which 
 are left in until the age of three years, when they 
 begin to spawn : they are fed (independently of 
 what they meet with in the pond) with the excre- 
 ments of animals, such as cows, horses, sheep, 
 beans, pease, potatoes cut in small slices, moist 
 bread, goat cake, and stale fish. The second, 
 for the spawn, which must be a very small pond, 
 in a warm situation. The third, for the breeding 
 pond : the carp about six pounds breed the best : 
 the pond not to be above three feet deep, in a 
 marshy situation, where the bulrushes grow in 
 great plenty ; rather a deeper channel to be cut 
 along the middle of the pond. The roes of carp 
 are frequently known to weigh more than the fish. 
 French Author on Angling. 
 
 Carp particularly delights and thrives in ponds 
 where the rain runs into, from sheep's dung, and 
 other dung. There are hermaphrodites amongst 
 carp ; and I can convince any body that doubts 
 of it, as I have in my collection the entrails of a 
 carp of this description. They are fed with beans, 
 pease, potatoes cut in pieces, turnips, moist bread, 
 stale fish, and bread made from goat's milk. 
 
 Dr. Block. 
 
104 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 A fishmonger in Clare Market exposed for sale 
 a bushel of carp and tench in the same dry vessel ; 
 but a small proportion of these could be daily 
 sold ; therefore, they were exposed for several 
 successive days, and continued in good health. 
 D. B.Phil. Trans. 1771. 
 
 Though the carp is generally thought to be a 
 river fish, ancient zoologists ranged it among the 
 sea fish ; and I know instances of its being caught 
 near Dantzic. I have great reason to believe that 
 many other fish, of which it is commonly sup- 
 posed that it can only live in the sea, may also 
 exist and breed in fresh water. 
 
 J. Forster, Phil. Trans. 1771. 
 
 * # * Might not these be the sea carp ? Editor. 
 
 GOLD FISH. 
 
 " This variety of the carp appears to be a native 
 of Tche-Kiang, in China, where it is domesticated 
 and kept for ornament. The Chinese breed these 
 carp in small ponds made for the purpose, and 
 even in porcelain vessels. This fish is said to be 
 no larger than a pilchard ; but the writer of this 
 article saw some much larger, rolling about in the 
 shallow water of the botanical garden at Ghent ; 
 they were so tame, that they took their food out of 
 the hand. Their spawn appears to be a consider- 
 able source of trade to the Chinese, as described 
 in this book elsewhere. The gold fish has been 
 
AND FISHING. 105 
 
 many years domesticated in this country, and now 
 breeds in our fish ponds almost as readily as carp. 
 The male is of a bright red colour, from the top of 
 the head to the middle of the body ; the rest is of a 
 gold colour ; no gilding can equal it. The female 
 is white, but its tail and half its body resembles 
 the lustre of silver. The red and white colour 
 are not always the marks of the male and female ; 
 but the female has several white spots round its 
 orifices of hearing, and in the males these spots 
 are much brighter. Gold-fish are light and lively, 
 and their colours appear in the greatest splendour 
 when swimming about in glass bowls. They have 
 been known to come to be fed at the sound of a 
 small rattle ; yet they are extremely delicate, and 
 sensible of injuries of the air, such as a loud noise, 
 the roaring of cannon and thunder : a strong 
 smell, a shaking of the vessel, or a touch, will 
 destroy them. These fish live with little nourish- 
 ment. The Chinese feed them in their reservoirs 
 with small balls of paste, pork dried in the sun and 
 reduced to a delicate powder, sometimes snails, 
 the slime of which is a great delicacy for them. 
 In winter they are kept in warm rooms, and take 
 no nourishment. This fish multiplies fast in warm 
 climates. The spawn floats on the top of the 
 water ; but the fish will eat it, if not immediately 
 taken away, and put into another vessel, where it 
 is exposed to the sun until it is vivified by heat. 
 Gold fishes are very plentiful in Japan, and of the 
 
106 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 most beautiful colours. The first were brought to 
 England in 1611. 
 
 Habits of the Gold Fish. Mr. Hull, of Der- 
 byshire, had in his garden a marble bason contain- 
 ing gold fish ; the surface of which bason was 
 nearly covered with a green weed, which he had 
 endeavoured to eradicate, but without success. It 
 seemed to encourage a small vermillion-coloured 
 worm, upon which the fish fed. They afterwards 
 spawned ; in watching the progress of which, Mr. 
 Hull found that the fish ate their own fry as well 
 as the worm. This induced him to remove the 
 young fry into glass globes, with a small quantity 
 of the weed, and they grew rapidly, but dimi- 
 nished in number. It was observed, the larger 
 devoured the smaller. After which, Mr. Hall 
 selected equal sizes together, and the fish in- 
 creased in growth and strength. 
 
 Mag. Nat. Hist, vol. vi. 
 
 GOLD AND SILVER FISH. 
 
 It is well known that these fish live and thrive 
 in a bowl on pure water ; and from this it may be 
 inferred, that fish in general are endowed, by the 
 economy of their natural organization, with the 
 faculty of deriving sustenance from mere water, 
 in the same manner as terrestrial animals derive 
 their sustenance from vegetables. Dr. Anderson. 
 
AND FISHING. 107 
 
 Owls poachers of Gold and Silver Fish. The 
 Rev. Mr. Brown, of Allesley, related that the 
 common brown owl was seen to feed its young with 
 live fish, chiefly loach and bull-heads, taken out of 
 a neighbouring brook ; and another correspondent 
 confirms the fact, which is corroborated by a 
 labourer employed by the Duchess of Portland to 
 watch the fish-pond in the flower-garden at Bui- 
 strode. The Duchess having lost many gold and 
 silver fish, suspected the pond had been poached ; 
 and the watchman detected the robbers, whom 
 he saw alight on the side of the pond, and there 
 capture and devour the fish. The robbers proved 
 to be the common brown owls. 
 
 Jesse's Gleanings, second series. 
 
 THE TENCH. 
 
 This fish is a native of most parts of the globe ; 
 its length, from twelve to fourteen inches ; and 
 weight, from four to twenty pounds. It is very 
 similar in its habits to the carp : it delights and 
 thrives best in stagnant ponds, and haunts shaded 
 places, under the roots of trees ; it takes the same 
 
108 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 baits as the carp, with the exception of paste. It 
 bites freely, in summer early and late, and in the 
 autumn in the middle of the day, when the sun is 
 out, and even better towards the close of a shower. 
 
 Editor. 
 
 Mr. Daniel recommends a few gentles to be 
 cast in where you are angling for tench, and the 
 worms dipped in tar, which, he says, has the pro- 
 perty of alluring them ; but the Editor, with all 
 due deference, is somewhat sceptical on this 
 matter. 
 
 Mr. Westerns pond at Munden-hall, Fleet, in 
 Essex, was thick with weeds, and the mud had dyed 
 the fish of its own colour, which was black as ink ; 
 yet no tench could be better grown, or sweeter fla- 
 voured : many were taken that weighed nine and 
 ten pounds the brace ; and the skull and back- 
 bone of one preserved at the hall, compared with 
 those before mentioned, must have been double the 
 weight. At Leigh priory a quantity were caught 
 weighing three pounds each. The shape of the 
 tench taken at Thorn ville Royal stamps it a lusus 
 natura : a pond was ordered to be filled up ; a 
 tench was found grown to the size of a hole under 
 the roots of a tree, where it had many years been 
 confined. Its length, from fork to eye, was two feet 
 nine inches ; circumference, two feet three inches ; 
 weight, eleven pounds nine ounces: belly, vermil- 
 
AND FISHING. 109 
 
 lion. This extraordinary fish, after having been 
 minutely inspected by many gentlemen, was care- 
 fully put into a pond. At first, it merely floated ; 
 but at last it swam gently away, though with 
 some difficulty. A fine print of it is to be seen in 
 the Rural Sports. Daniel. 
 
 Mr. Pennant has heard of one tench that 
 weighed ten pounds ; and Salvianus speaks of 
 some that weighed twenty pounds, which were 
 thick in proportion to the length. When well 
 fed, the tench weigh about eight pounds. Mr. 
 Geoffrey found in a tench a tape- worm, two feet 
 and a half long ; nevertheless, the fish was very 
 healthy and fat. 
 
 Great quantities of fine tench are caught in 
 Brecknockshire Mere. 
 
 RUDD. 
 
 The rudd is not usually met with ; it is only in 
 some particular parts of England that it inhabits 
 deep and gentle streams, in holes, among the 
 weeds, slimy mud, soft gravel. Mr. Daniel says, 
 they are worth the angler's attention. The tackle 
 must be strong and fine ; they take the same 
 baits as the carp or chub ; others also angle for 
 them as for roach. Bait with gentles, red worm, 
 wasp maggots, and red paste, using a ground 
 bait of boiled malt. They bite at the top of the 
 
110 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 water; and if among weeds, use neither lead nor 
 float. Rudd produce ninety-one thousand ova ; 
 and are, found of two pounds weight. Some 
 very fine rudd may be caught at Dagenham 
 Breach. In 1796, at Kempton Hoo, near Wel- 
 wyn, Hertfordshire, a rudd was caught with a 
 minnow, which is extraordinary, from the situation 
 of teeth in the throat, which property belongs only 
 to fish of prey. 
 
 BREAM. 
 
 This fish is well known in England, but is not 
 held in such high estimation as on the continent, 
 where it attains a very large size, and where its 
 flesh is of a more delicate flavour. In this coun- 
 try bream delight and thrive most in ponds which 
 receive the drains of the farm-yard. They yield 
 good diversion to the angler. The tackle must 
 always be strong, and the baits must be the same 
 as for carp and tench. Breams are very prolific 
 in one taken, one hundred and thirty thousand 
 ova were found. Dagenham Breach is celebrated 
 for large bream . Three gentlemen of my acquaint- 
 
AND FISHING. Ill 
 
 ance caught here two large stable pails full of 
 them in one afternoon. Editor. 
 
 The young bream are called chads, and have 
 not the lateral spot until the second year of their 
 growth. Mr. Couch. 
 
 Sir James Caldwell caught seventeen hundred 
 weight of bream and pike in one day in the 
 Lough Erne. 
 
 Bream have been taken in the Trent of eight 
 pounds weight. Lin. Trans, vol. xiv. 
 
 In the lakes of Prussia bream are taken from 
 under the ice to the value of 200 at a time ; they 
 are also caught in great quantities in Holstein, 
 Livonia, and Sweden; not less than fifty thousand 
 were taken in one lake at one time, they weighed 
 eighteen thousand two hundred pounds. 
 
 Goldsmith Abridged. 
 
 Bream are held in high repute on the conti- 
 nent, where they abound in the lakes, and the 
 fisheries are rented at a high price. The flesh is 
 finer and whiter than in England. They are 
 sometime two or three feet in length, those of 
 twelve and fourteen pounds are preferred for the 
 table. Donovan. 
 
112 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 Dr. Block says bream are one of the most im- 
 portant fish in his country (Prussia); the fisheries 
 for bream are very considerable in the lakes of the 
 kingdom of Prussia. In Sweden the bream weighs 
 from twelve to twenty pounds, they use a bell to 
 drive the fish to their nets. Dr. Block found in 
 a fish of six pounds one hundred and thirty-seven 
 thousand eggs. 
 
 Gesner reports, that in Poland a great number 
 of breams were put into a pond, which, in the 
 following winter was frozen into entire ice, and 
 not one drop of water remaining, nor one of these 
 fish to be found though diligently searched, and 
 yet, in the spring, when the ice was thawed, and 
 the weather warm, they all appeared again. 
 
 The bream have great enemies in the buzzard 
 and other birds of prey, but it often happens 
 when the bream are large and strong, and the 
 buzzard has struck his talons far into the back of 
 the fish, that he finds the weight too heavy for 
 him to carry off, and in his turn is carried below 
 into deep water, and drowned. 
 
 Bream may be carried a long way well covered 
 with snow, or by putting into their mouth bread 
 dipped in alcohol. 
 
AND FISHING. 113 
 
 The bream seems formerly to have been a fa- 
 vourite fish in England. In the reign of Henry 
 the Sixth, 1454, we are told, a pye of four of 
 them, in the expenses of two men employed for 
 three days in taking them, in baking them, in 
 flour, in spices, and conveying the pye from Sut- 
 ton, in Warwickshire, to the Earl of Warwick, at 
 Mydlam, cost xvjs. \jd. 
 
 Dugdales Antiquities of Warwickshire. 
 
 BARBEL. 
 
 This fish inhabits deep waters with stony bot- 
 toms, and is compared to swine, in rooting its 
 snout into the soft gravel for food, and in herding 
 together, as Mr. Salter says. The barbel is also 
 a game fish, and affords great sport to the angler, 
 not unmixed with much anxiety from their long, 
 and powerful struggling, after they are hooked ; 
 the best bait for barbel is soaked graves, using as 
 ground-bait the same, but mixed with clay. In 
 still holes, gentles, lightly enclosed in clay, also 
 lob-worms enclosed in the same are good ground- 
 baits. You can easily perceive a bite, which 
 i 
 
114 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 produces a vibrating sensation from the wrist to 
 the shoulder, when you must instantly strike. 
 
 Editor. 
 
 Barbel fishing, like some other individual ang- 
 ling, finds devotees, who pursue it with singular 
 ardour. There are barbel fishers who appear to 
 feel little amusement in taking any other fish. 
 Such often become great adepts; they under- 
 stand the time, seasons, bait, and localities best 
 suited to the purpose, so as to be seldom disap- 
 pointed in their sport. Their patience is inex- 
 haustible, their indifference to loss of time great, 
 and the distances they travel to visit their favourite 
 haunts, shews the anxiety which the hope of suc- 
 cess creates in them. It is well known that cold 
 weather, even the slightest frost puts an entire 
 stop to this sport, but rain following a long drought 
 stirs up these fish to take their usual baits with 
 astonishing avidity. Editor. 
 
 Three of the largest barbel ever caught at 
 Hampton, by angling, were taken by a gentle- 
 man, of Burlington-street. They weighed thirty- 
 nine pounds ; the general weight of barbel is from 
 two to eighteen pounds. Daniel's Sports. 
 
 The editor of these anecdotes caught, at Shep- 
 perton, one morning before breakfast, twenty- 
 eight pounds of barbel, one of which lot weighed 
 
AND FISHING. 1 15 
 
 ten pounds, the bait used was graves ; the late 
 Mr. Harriot, a celebrated barbel fisher, was in the 
 same boat, and used lob-worms, but did not hook 
 a fish. 
 
 Leeches dried are a good bait for barbel, and 
 on immersion in the water, they are sufficiently 
 restored to their natural appearance to be used 
 with success. Some authors assert that barbel 
 have been caught, from six to twelve feet long. 
 
 Dr. Block. 
 
 A barbel angler has, however, occasion to exult 
 at the sport which he finds. August 9, 1807, at 
 one of the deeps near Shepperton, which had been 
 prepared by baiting over night, a party of four 
 gentlemen, named Ernes, Atkinson, Hall, and 
 Moore, separated into two boats, and began fish- 
 ing between ten and eleven o'clock. In about five 
 hours they caught the following quantity : 
 
 Ernes and Atkinson. Hall and Moore. 
 
 2 fish weighing 20 Ibs. 2 fish weighing 15 Ibs. 
 
 6 32 20 23 
 
 30 28 23 32 
 
 4 thrown over 
 
 42 80 45 70 
 
 Total 87 fish weighing 150 ibs. 
 
 Pickering's Edition of Walton. 
 
116 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 Mr. Warren^ perfumer, of Mary-le-bone-street, 
 angled in Walton Deeps, and before noon caught 
 280 Ibs. of large-sized barbel. 
 
 Brookes' Art of Angling. 
 
 Mr. Waring 's new mode of catching barbel, 
 simply consists in providing yourself with good 
 tackle, and a large quantity of clay ; when you find 
 the fish shy, put a ball of this clay, sufficiently 
 heavy not to be carried away with the stream, 
 about four or five inches above the hook, and 
 leaving the bait to move about by the flow of the 
 river, place the float rather above the water. 
 When you have a bite, which is easily perceived, 
 strike quickly. This way has enabled Mr. Waring 
 to have good sport when his fellow anglers have 
 entirely failed. Sporting Mag. June, 1835. 
 
 Stations for bar be I Jls king. Barbel fishing has 
 been, and always will be a favourite recreation for 
 elderly anglers. Of all the waters the Thames is the 
 best, from Kew upward. Though Putney bridge 
 has afforded sport. Brentford Ait, and the adjoin- 
 ing island, which once bore the name of Barbel 
 Island ; Twickenham andTeddington ; and wooden 
 bridges, not stone; Walton, Hampton Court, and 
 the Gallery-bridge deeps ; Shepperton, &c. &c. 
 are good stations. Great quantities of barbel 
 are also taken about Lea-bridge ; the potatoe 
 hole; in Snowden's water ; Hughes and Shurry's 
 
AND FISHING. 1 17 
 
 water ; Broxbourn bridge. Scorers, graves, lob- 
 worms, and gentles are the best baits, but all 
 best at times. Ledger is the best method : some 
 anglers use a piece of tobacco-pipe fixed on the 
 line, in a similar manner to the lead, and cover the 
 pipe with a ball of clay ; the latter method I take 
 to be the best, for when you strike a fish, you dis- 
 engage your line from the weight of your ledger. 
 New Sporting Mag. Sept. 1834. 
 
 Most extraordinary met hod of taking Barbel. 
 Darcy, who kept a music-shop at Oxford, though 
 very lusty,was an excellent swimmer; he used to dive 
 after barbel into a deep hole near the four streams, 
 a bathing-place well known to the Oxonians, 
 and having remained under water a minute, he 
 returned with a brace of barbel, one in each hand. 
 The report that Darcy made, was, that many of 
 these fish lay with their heads against the bank, 
 in parallel lines, like horses, in their stalls. They 
 were not disturbed at his approach, but allowed 
 him to come close to them, and select the finest. 
 New Monthly Mag. 1 820, Part II. 
 
 Barbel are taken in the Danube, of a much 
 larger size than in our waters. After a dreadful 
 carnage between the Turks and Austrians, on the 
 banks of the Danube, barbel were found in it of 
 such a vast size, and in such numbers, as to be- 
 come a matter of record ; and as their propensity 
 
118 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 for human flesh was well known, it was attributed 
 to the dead bodies thrown into the water. 
 
 Donovan, p. 29. 
 
 In the Volga they sometimes catch barbel from 
 the length of four to five feet, and from thirty to 
 forty Ibs. in weight ; in the Weser, from twelve to 
 fifteen Ibs. Pallas Voyage. 
 
 THE GUDGEON. 
 
 This fish is so generally known, that it needs 
 little description. It, however, is interesting to 
 the angler, by biting so freely. It is found in a 
 gravelly bottom, with water not very deep. The 
 best method to catch gudgeons, is with a pater- 
 noster line, and to move often. The rake to be 
 used freely, the hook to be baited with red worms. 
 
 Editor. 
 
 Mr. Pennant remarks, that the few gudgeons 
 which are caught in the Kennet and Cole, are 
 three times the weight of those found elsewhere. 
 The largest ever heard of weighed half a pound ; 
 it was caught near Uxbridge, 
 
AND FISHING. 119 
 
 Gudgeons taken in Harper s Brook, near Brig- 
 stock, are eight inches long, and otherwise pro- 
 portionable. 
 
 The compiler of the Sportsman's Cyclopaedia, 
 Mr. Johnson, had some in a pond, which, on an 
 average, were so large as to weigh six to the Ib. 
 
 Mr. Pallas observes that there are black gud- 
 geons to be seen in the rivers of Russia, particu- 
 larly in the Volga and Jaiq, and other rivers con- 
 nected with these. 
 
 ROACH. 
 
 Roach are fishes well known to most anglers ; 
 they require as much attention in the taking as 
 the larger fish ; roach-fishing, however, affords 
 such amusement, that many angle for this fish 
 only. In pursuing this sport the finer your tackle 
 is, the more you are likely to succeed. When 
 barbel are feeding in the same place, it often hap- 
 pens that these lusty gentry clear away lines, baits, 
 and all, from the fisher; they are supposed to be 
 
120 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 attracted by the ground-bait. Roach are to be 
 found in clear, swift streams ; they principally de- 
 light in deep holes, particularly where there are 
 gravelly bottoms. Here, more especially, they are 
 taken of a large size, at the end of a swim ; some- 
 times, also, with graves, and worms, paste made of 
 bean-meal, rabbit's-flic, bees-wax, and sheep suet 
 beat well in a mortar, with a little clarified honey 
 tempered before the fire, and stained with cherries, 
 if in season, or vermillion, or with globules of 
 paste made with new bread and sugar ; perhaps 
 the latter may be as tempting a bait as the former, 
 and easier made. The ground -bait should be 
 graves, bread and bran mixed with clay. They 
 occasionally afford sport with a common house- 
 fly ; very fine roach are to be caught in Dagenkam 
 Breach. Editor. 
 
 Mr. Pennant asserts that a roach was caught, 
 and brought to market, which weighed five 
 pounds. 
 
 Walton says, the largest roach are found in the 
 Thames, generally weighing about two pounds. 
 
 Angling in Hampton Deep, upwards of one 
 hundred dozen of fine roach were caught in one 
 day in the above Deep, several weighed one 
 pound and a half each. The oldest fisherman does 
 
AND FISHING. 121 
 
 not recollect any thing like it before in angling. 
 It was one of the finest day's sport ever known, 
 and the fishermen attending could not take the 
 fish off the hooks quick enough. 
 
 Morning Post, Oct. 22, 1821. 
 
 Near Withy am, in the river Medway^ in the 
 month of July, great quantities of very fine roach 
 may be caught, and there are also plenty of dace 
 which are shy of biting, but may be taken with 
 a fly. Some very fine roach and dace are taken 
 near Arlington Castle in this river, -and every 
 accommodation may be had at a public-house 
 near thereto, named the Gibraltar. This part of 
 the river is also very fine and picturesque. 
 
 The ancient way of fishing for roach at London 
 Bridge. -~ -Take a strong cord, at the end of 
 which, fasten a three pound weight, one foot 
 above the lead fasten also a small cord of twelve 
 feet long ; add, at convenient distances, half a 
 dozen links of hair, with roach-hooks well baited, 
 then holding the cord in the hand the biting 
 of the fish may be easily felt; this might be prac- 
 tised at other places, where the water is deep 
 and the current very brisk. 
 
 Gentleman s Recreation. 
 
122 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 The best method to cook roach. (The same will 
 apply to other fresh water fish.) Without scaling, 
 throw some flour over them, and lay them on a 
 gridiron over a slow fire ; as they grow brown, a 
 cut is to be made on the back, not more than 
 skin-deep, from the head to the tail, and the fish 
 is then replaced on the fire; when sufficiently 
 broiled, the skin and scales will peel off, and 
 leave the fish clean and firm ; the belly is then to 
 be opened, and the inside will come away cleanly ; 
 scraping and water washes away all the flavour 
 and firmness of the fish. Daniel. 
 
 DACE. 
 
 The dace is a gregarious and very lively fish, 
 and, during summer, is fond of playing near the 
 surface of the water ; it is generally found in deep 
 and gentle streams, near the piles of bridges. 
 Roach and dace are very similar in their haunts 
 and habits. The dace is, however, a narrower fish, 
 and, it is said that, if the scales on the back be 
 rough to the touch, they are out of season ; if 
 they, on the contrary, be flat and smooth, the re- 
 
AND FISHING. 123 
 
 verse. Dace are generally found together in the 
 deepest parts of rivers, with gravelly and sandy 
 bottoms ; if fished for with flies, they should be a 
 little under water. Bainbridge's Fly Fisher. 
 
 Dr. Block informs us that dace has been taken 
 eighteen inches in length. In France they are 
 sometimes found a foot long, and when the 
 marshes on the Oder were dried up, the quantity 
 left, of roach, was so great, that the neighbour- 
 ing villages fed their hogs with them. 
 
 CHUB. 
 
 The chub, though not much esteemed as food, 
 yet affords the young angler excellent sport, as it 
 may be taken with a variety of baits. Several 
 methods are employed for their capture, which 
 may be practised with great success, always bear- 
 ing in mind that this fish is very shy. You may 
 return to the same holes where you began, and 
 obtain sport ; when once hooked, being leather- 
 mouthed, you are sure of your fish. The angler 
 
124 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 may commence with bottom-fishing, dapping with 
 a grasshopper, fly-fishing, or in the same manner 
 as for barbel or perch, with minnows, trolling, 
 baited with gudgeon, smaller hook, and not so 
 heavy leaded, &c. &c. according to the season of 
 the year, and time of day. Most baits, both 
 natural and artificial, large baits, sometimes two 
 or three on a line, may be used with success. In 
 warm weather chub are to be found at the top 
 and mid- water ; when cold, at the bottom ; 
 ground baiting as for barbel. Fish with graves, 
 bullock's brains, or pith. Chub resort, under the 
 boughs and large roots of trees, also where cattle 
 stand in the water in warm weather, the bottom 
 being clay and sand. They sometimes are caught 
 of five pounds weight. Salvianus, however, speaks 
 of them as increasing to eight or nine pounds. In 
 proof of their prolific properties, one of a pound 
 and a half contained ninety-two thousand seven 
 hundred eggs. Editor. 
 
 Large Chub in the Meuse. We are most par- 
 ticular and exact in making our artificial flies 
 agreeable to nature. The French, on the contrary, 
 form them to their own fancy, and catch fish 
 readily. fSee A Collection of French Flies, Sport- 
 ing Mag. No. 8. vol. xxiii. N.S.) It is not impro- 
 bable, the fish in the French rivers may be better 
 acquainted with their coarse flies, lines, and rods. 
 Now observe, no reels, or winches, hook No. 4, 
 
AND FISHING. 125 
 
 a fly, the body of green velvet, in size between a 
 hazel and walnut, with a little bit of small brown 
 feather fastened as chance directs, over or under, 
 it is all one, for a wing, the whole wisped up as 
 neatly as a bundle of straw. With this fly, a 
 Belgian officer caught a large chub of four 
 pounds, and many trout and grayling. They dress 
 chub dry in France, and serve it up with sour 
 sauce. This chub, which was said to have been 
 so dressed, was of a very good taste. Piscatory 
 Rambles in France, Sport. Mag. July, 1834. 
 
 THE BLEAK. 
 
 This is a lively, beautiful, small fish : it is 
 generally found in swift rivers, where it delights 
 to rove. Angle for it with a single hair-line, No. 
 12 hook, baited with a gentle, and about a foot 
 deep, or with a house-fly. Bleak are very fond 
 of small black and red ants, at which they bite 
 freely. They also afford excellent diversion by 
 whipping for them with any natural or artificial 
 small fly. As baits, they are very tempting to 
 the jack. Editor. 
 
126 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 Donovan says, that the bleak is equally abun- 
 dant in most of the rivers of the North of Europe. 
 Its form is elegant, its colours are brilliant, and 
 its flesh is in some esteem. 
 
 Gmelin speaks of this fish being taken formerly 
 from four to ten inches in length, in the Thames, 
 about Battersea. 
 
 Mad Bleaks. Mr. Pennant remarks, that 
 bleaks are troubled with a species of hair-worm, 
 and in certain seasons appear to be in great 
 agonies, tumbling about in the water; yet they 
 sometimes recover. Mr. Daniel took many 
 bleaks, in Perry dock, which were puffed up and 
 swelled out, and appeared big with spawn ; but, 
 upon making an incision, a tape-worm was 
 drawn out from several of them, which was sixteen 
 inches long. 
 
 Method of making brilliant artificial Pearls 
 from the Scales of Bleak. Take off, with much 
 care, the scales of bleak, and put them into a 
 basin of clear water ; rub them together : repeat 
 this operation in several waters, until there is no 
 coloured substance attached to the scales : the sil- 
 ver matter drops to the bottom of the basin, and 
 the redundant water must be taken off with the 
 greatest care ; the residue is a bright silver liquid, 
 which is termed oriental essence. This being 
 
AND FISHING. 127 
 
 mixed with isinglass, and with the help of a pipe, 
 is introduced into very small hollow glass globes, 
 of various colours ; these globes are shaken until 
 the liquid covers the inside, which will then afford 
 an excellent imitation of the finest pearl. 
 
 Maisonneuve. 
 
 MINNOWS. 
 
 This beautiful little fish frequents gravelly 
 streams, and bites readily at a small red worm or 
 gentle, No. 12 hook. It is of a rich and agree- 
 able flavour, but its chief use is as a bait for large 
 fish. When minnows are thus used, it is neces- 
 sary to keep them and other small fish in bran, 
 else they grow putrid. At first they are naturally 
 stiff, but after the bran is washed off they become 
 pliable. Daniel. 
 
 Curious Assemblage of Minnows. Messrs. 
 Unwin and Cowper, crossing a brook, saw, from 
 the foot of a bridge, something like a flower at 
 the bottom of the water : it was in fact a circular 
 assemblage of minnows ; their heads all met in 
 
128 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 the centre, their tails all diverging at equal dis- 
 tances, which gave them the appearance of a 
 flower half-blown. Cowpers Letters, 1793. 
 
 Minnow Tansies. To make these tansies in 
 the spring, wash them well with salt, cut off 
 their heads and tails, take out their inside with- 
 out washing, fry them with yolks of eggs, flowers 
 of cowslips and primroses, and a little tansie, and 
 they prove excellent eating. Walton. 
 
 LOACH. 
 
 The Loach breeds and feeds in small, clear, 
 swift brooks, and lives there on the gravel, and 
 in the sharpest streams. It is in general not 
 more than three inches long, has a beard similar 
 to the barbel, and is successfully angled for with 
 a small red worm, on the bottom, close to the 
 ground. It is considered by Gesner and other 
 physicians as a very nutritive fish. Walton. 
 
 The loach is found in greater abundance in France 
 than in this country. This fish was exported from 
 Germany to Sweden by order of the king. Donovan . 
 
AND FISHING. 129 
 
 Willoughby mentions a loach near five inches 
 long ; and Pallas says they are very large in the 
 rivers of Russia. 
 
 Loaches in France are fed with bread made of 
 goats* milk, drains from a dunghill, &c. 
 
 The great loach forms a living barometer ; on 
 being placed in a vessel of water, with earth at 
 the bottom, it never fails to predict the approach 
 of a storm, by rising from the bottom of such a 
 vessel, and swimming about near the surface in 
 an unquiet manner. Shaw's Zoology. 
 
 BULL-HEAD. 
 
 The bull-head is a very ugly fish, it seldom ex- 
 ceeds three inches and a half in length; some 
 anglers consider them better baits than the minnow, 
 when the gill fin is cut off; it is, indeed, a tempting 
 bait for eels. Bull-heads are very common in the 
 market of Montevideo ; probably they are much 
 larger there than those found in England. 
 
 Donovan. 
 
130 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 In the northern parts of Europe, and in Sibe- 
 ria, they attain the length of six or seven inches. 
 Ugly as this fish appears, after you have cut 
 off its head, the largest are very nutritive, and 
 prove excellent eating. They are most easily 
 caught by the smallest hook, and red worm with- 
 out float, letting the bait drop directly before them. 
 They are found in small gravelly brooks, lying on 
 a flat stone, or gravel, in warm days. Editor. 
 
 The bull-head is eaten also in Italy, as Mr. 
 Riso says ; and Pallas tells us it is used by some 
 Russians, as a charm against fever, while others 
 suspend it horizontally, carefully balanced by a 
 single thread : and thus poised, but allowed free- 
 dom of motion, they believe that this fish indi- 
 cates the point of the compass from which the 
 wind blows. In Switzerland the children spear 
 them. See a very ingenious description of the 
 bull-head, (whose second name is miller's thumb,) 
 in the celebrated YarrelVs History of British 
 Fishes, which is a very interesting book. 
 
AND FISHING. 131 
 
 STICKLEBACK. 
 
 This fish, with the prickles cut off, is said to be 
 equal to the minnow, as a bait, and even supe- 
 rior in pond-fishing, for perch ; Walton considers 
 them preferable bait, as they are capable of 
 whirling round quicker ; there is one singularity 
 in the spawn of the stickleback, its ova are bigger 
 than those of the cod-fish. Daniel. 
 
 Mr. Pennant observes, there is such an 
 amazing quantity of sticklebacks in the fens of 
 Lincolnshire, that they are used to manure the 
 land, men were paid three shillings per day for 
 selling them at one shilling and sixpence per 
 bushel. 
 
 Gmelin likewise says, they are used to fatten 
 ducks, about Dantzig. They are frequently found 
 amongst the sprats and herrings. The stickleback 
 on the continent generally is of the length of three 
 inches, it rarely lives more than two years, and 
 is greatly tormented with worms. 
 
 Donovan s British Fishes* 
 
132 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 Mr. H. Baker informs us, in the Philosophical 
 Transactions, that this little fish (stickleback) 
 will occasionally spring to the height of a foot 
 out of the water to get over stones and other 
 obstacles. Mr. Baker kept one for some time, 
 which, in five hours did devour seventy -four 
 young dace about a quarter of an inch long, and 
 of the thickness of a horse-hair. 
 
 Mr. Aderon confined a stickleback in a glass 
 jar, with sand at the bottom ; at first it would 
 not eat, but afterwards it ate out of the hand, 
 A small fish was put in, which the stickleback 
 instantly devoured, and, when satiated with food, 
 it would fly at the hand that fed it. 
 
 Phil. Transact. 
 
 Sticklebacks are active in their movements, 
 and extremely pugnacious. A writer in the 
 Magazine of Natural History, has described 
 their behaviour, under confinement, in a large 
 wooden vessel ; at first they swam about in a 
 shoal, suddenly one took possession of one 
 corner of the tub, or of the bottom, and instantly 
 made an attack upon his companion ; whenever 
 they meet with any opposition, a regular battle of 
 the most furious kind ensues, and frequently one 
 kills the other by ripping it up. 
 
AND FISHING. 133 
 
 THE EEL. 
 
 The natural history of Eels has created much 
 interest, particularly their generative system, 
 which has been so ably noticed and treated by 
 Mr. Yarrel. In point of nourishment they are 
 one of the most important of the fish tribe. Their 
 haunts are about flood gates, in clefts and holes, 
 under roots and stumps of trees, large stones, 
 and wooden bridges, &c. &c. 
 
 The methods of catching the eel are numerous. 
 Eels are very troublesome when hooked in angling 
 for other fish, with rod and line ; they frequently 
 destroy the hook and end of the line. The largest 
 are taken by night lines; they are caught by 
 bobbing, spearing, sniggling, &c. &c. The best 
 way of killing them, when taken, is by separat- 
 ing the back bone. Eels migrate to the salt 
 water to deposit their spawn. Very fine eels are 
 to be caught at Dagenham Breach. Editor. 
 
 Migratory Habits of Eels. At the locks at 
 Teddington and Hampton young eels are to be 
 
134 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 seen ascending the large posts of the flood gates 
 in order to make their way. When the gates 
 have been shut longer than usual, those which 
 die stick to the posts, others which get a little 
 higher meet with the same fate, so that they form 
 a layer for the passage of the rest, a curious in- 
 stance of their migratory disposition. Near 
 Bristol there is a large pond, and OP the bank 
 between the waters there is a large tree growing, 
 the branches of which hang down into the pond ; 
 it is by means of these branches that the young 
 eels ascend into the tree, and from thence let 
 themselves drop into the stream below ; a friend 
 of mine, who was a casual witness of this circum- 
 stance, assured me that the tree appeared alive, 
 and the rapid and unsteady motion of the boughs 
 did not appear to impede the progress of the 
 eels. Eel fairs take place in April or May, when 
 the fish go down to spawn. 
 
 Jesse's Gleanings in Nat. Hist. 2nd Series. 
 
 Natural History of Eels. One of the most 
 interesting investigations on fish is that of Mr. 
 Yarrel, on the generation of the eel. This vex- 
 ata qucestio, which has occupied the attention of 
 naturalists, from Aristotle downwards, has been 
 at last set at rest by Mr. Yarrel, who has proved, 
 by actual examinations and dissections, carried 
 on through eighteen months in succession, upon 
 specimens of eels procured from different parts 
 
AND FISHING. 1J5 
 
 of the country, that it is oviparous, having melt 
 and roe, like other fishes. He has traced them 
 down to the brackish water, whither they go 
 generally, though not universally, to deposit their 
 spawn, and he has followed the young in their 
 extraordinary spring journeys up the great rivers, 
 and into the brooks and rivulets in which they 
 seek out for themselves appropriate haunts. In 
 numbers they are immensurable ; the shoals ad- 
 vance up the stream, forming a black line along 
 the shore ; nor are these journeys confined to the 
 water, they cross fields, and climb posts and pales, 
 in order to reach the place of their destination. 
 Brit. Association, Cambridge, July 13, 1833. 
 
 Eel Ponds. Several ponds are appropriated 
 in England to the raising of eels, and considerable 
 numbers are taken in the Thames, and other rivers, 
 but by far the largest portion come from Holland. 
 
 Hermaphrodites. In the Transactions of the 
 Royal Academy of Sciences at Stockholm, is an 
 account of an eel, gadus lota, in which eggs and 
 soft row were found at the same time. It is by 
 Professor /. G. Pipping. 
 
 On the river, near Hasted, a large eel was 
 caught, which measured five feet nine inches in 
 length, and eighteen inches girth ; and weighed 
 upwards of forty Ibs. Hastens Kent. 
 
136 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 Common eels will grow to a large size ; they are 
 noticed by Mr. Pennant sometimes to weigh twenty 
 pounds ; one was taken out of the Kennet, near 
 Newbury, which weighed fifteen pounds. Walton 
 mentions one, caught near Peterborough, which 
 was a yard and three quarters in length. 
 
 About Michaelmas, 1741, at an eel fishery in 
 Thelwill, Cheshire, the fishermen caught in one 
 night a ton weight of eels, which were supposed 
 to be striving to go down to the sea. 
 
 Kirby's Anglers' Museum. 
 
 A curious fact in the history of the eel, is, 
 that a number of them, both old and young, 
 were found in a subterraneous pool at the bottom 
 of an old quarry, which had been filled up, and 
 its surface ploughed and cropped for a dozen 
 years. Wernenan Society, 1808. 
 
 The longevity and abstemiousness of eels was 
 ascertained in 1812. John Meredith, an officer 
 of the Excise, who resided in a cottage at Lan- 
 vace, Brecon, in 1781, put a small eel into a well 
 in his garden ; this well is about nine feet deep, 
 and three in diameter, but seldom contains more 
 than two feet of water, without the River Usk is 
 swelled by floods. On a recent inundation, the 
 eel above mentioned appeared on the surface, 
 and was caught in a pail ; when, to use the 
 
AND FISHING. 137 
 
 language of Margaret Price, the present tenant 
 of the cottage, and Swansea carrier, " it was as 
 thick as her arm,'* and coiled round the pail, 
 from bottom to top ; it was replaced in its former 
 element, where it had subsisted for thirty-one 
 years, upon the animalcules contained in the 
 water. 
 
 The eel was anciently said to possess the power 
 of enforcing sobriety upon the most devoted sub- 
 ject. " If you would make some notorious 
 drunkard to loath and abhorre his beastly vice, 
 and for ever after to hate the drinking of wine, 
 put an eel alive, into some wyde-mouthed bottle 
 with a couer, hauing in it, such a quantity of 
 wine, as may sufficee of it self, to suffocate and 
 strangle the eel ; which done, take out the dead 
 eele, and let the partie whom you would have re- 
 clay med, not knowing hereof, drink of that wine 
 only as much as he listeth." 
 
 On the 4th of August, 1807, a blind man, of the 
 name of John Jones, of Tarporley, near Chester, 
 caught an eel with a line, out of a pit, which eel 
 measured three feet seven inches in length, the 
 girth was nine inches, and the weight six Ibs. 
 The fact is extraordinary, when we recollect how 
 troublesome it is to the angler to land a small 
 eel when hooked. 
 
 Supplement to Daniel's Sports. 
 
138 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 Pet Eel. One of the inhabitants of the plea- 
 sant village of Darvel had, for a number of years 
 past, kept a pet eel in a well in his garden, which 
 eel is said to have become perfectly tame, answer- 
 ing to the name of Rob Roy, and readily eating 
 morsels from a horn spoon pushed below the sur- 
 face of the water by the children ; some days ago 
 a large frog leaped into the well, but no sooner 
 had he ruffled the surface of the water by his 
 plunge, than the eel darted at him, and suc- 
 ceeded in getting his head and shoulders into his 
 mouth, but the body of the frog proved too much 
 for his gorge, and, as his teeth prevented him 
 from releasing his hold suffocation was the 
 result : both animals were found dead at the 
 bottom of the well. Ayr Observer. 
 
 Dr. Block asserts that eels, in the mouth of 
 the Baltic, are taken in such quantities, that they 
 cannot be used fresh, but are smoked and salted 
 for sale, and conveyed in waggon loads to Sax- 
 ony, Silesia, &c. The general size of the eel 
 is from two to three feet, but they have been 
 known to have reached six feet, and to weigh 
 twenty pounds. 
 
 Eels and carp may be carried a long way when 
 frozen in winter, and they are not dead. 
 
AND FISHING. 139 
 
 A large eel was caught in the Schelde weighing 
 fifty pounds. Sunday Times, 1834. 
 
 Nourishment derived from eels, and a superior 
 manner of dressing them. The lake of Comma- 
 chio is one hundred and thirty miles in circum- 
 ference, and is divided into forty basins, sur- 
 rounded with dikes, which abound in fish, but 
 more particularly in eels, from which the inha- 
 bitants enjoy an extensive commerce with all 
 Italy. Each basin has its chief, or factor, who 
 has many fishermen under him, and although the 
 fishing takes place only at certain times of the 
 year, it yet requires the fishermen to live there 
 entirely. They are true Ichthyophagi, as they 
 live upon nothing but fish, principally eels ; they 
 dress them in the most simple manner, by cutting 
 them open from the head to the tail, to take out 
 the intestines and dorsal spine : afterwards they 
 put a little salt on them, and broil them, turning 
 them two or three times, until they are done, 
 using no butter, the fat of this fish making the 
 sauce. Spallanzani tasted the eels so dressed ; 
 he says : they are most delicious, and easy of 
 digestion. The fishermen cook them the instant 
 they come out of the net. These men live in the 
 midst of marshes, and have no other food than 
 fish ; they enjoy perfect health, equal to their 
 neighbours who eat meat. There are many 
 among these latter, whose constitutions are weak, 
 
140 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 and threatened with consumption, who are sent 
 to these marshes for the recovery of their health, 
 and live upon fish with the fishermen ; these men 
 are particularly occupied two seasons of the year. 
 The first is termed La Montee, when the eels are 
 small, and enter the basins, in which they are 
 assisted by the fishermen, and when the eels are 
 grown, and seek to go out, the basins are opened 
 from February to April, and this is called La 
 Descente. For a very interesting and most par- 
 ticular treatise on eels, see Spallanzanis Voyage 
 to the two Sicilies. 
 
 THE LAMPREY. 
 
 This is an eel-shaped fish with seven breathing 
 holes on each side of the neck, and somewhat 
 oblong mouth, with many rows of yellowish 
 pointed teeth ; these fish are of a dusky colour 
 marked with a dirty yellow, and often attain the 
 weight of three or four pounds ; they are in sea- 
 son in the spring, when they ascend the river 
 from the sea, and are of a most delicious taste ; 
 The Lamperey is a smaller fish, resembling an 
 eel, blackish on the back, with blue on their 
 bellies, they have the same holes on the neck as 
 the lampreys. The lampreys taken in the Severn, 
 between Worcester and Gloucester, are particu- 
 larly large and excellent. The edges of the 
 mouth being jagged, it enables them to adhere 
 more strongly to the stones. 
 
AND FISHING. 
 
 141 
 
 A lamprey weighing three pounds was taken out 
 of the Esk ; it was found adhering to a stone of 
 twelve pounds weight suspended by its mouth, 
 from which it was forced with no small diffi- 
 culty. Lampreys sometimes weigh four or five 
 pounds. Pennant. 
 
142 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 INTERESTING NOTICES, 
 
 PRINCIPALLY RELATING TO FOREIGN RIVER FISH. 
 ANABAS. 
 
 A small fish in Tranquebar has a peculiar cele- 
 brity in climbing trees, ---it is noticed in the Lin- 
 nsean Transactions. It creeps on the ground by 
 the inflexion of its body. The anabas is brought 
 alive to the markets of Calcutta, from Yazor, a 
 distance of one hundred and fifty miles. 
 
 Cuviers Animal Kingdom, by Griffiths. 
 
 ANCHONETTA. 
 
 A small delicate fish which swarms in the lake 
 of Chucuito, in Peru, it is a species of cockerel. 
 Thompson s Alcedo. 
 
 A NEW FISH THE AZURINE. 
 
 This fish is very similar to the red eye, but it 
 is distinguished by the silvery whiteness of the 
 abdomen, and by its white fins, it also differs in 
 the number of fin-rays ; its flavour resembles that 
 of the perch, the food and baits used for its 
 capture, are the same as those used for catching 
 carp ; its weight does not exceed one pound. 
 YarrelVs Lin. Trans. 
 
AND FISHING. 143 
 
 ANCHOVY. 
 
 A few of these fish are caught every year in 
 Dagenham Breach, with the net only. 
 
 BELUGA, OR GLANIS. 
 
 A large river fish in the Volga, -a species of 
 sturgeon. The beluga is five or six yards long, 
 and thick in proportion. The Volga also yields 
 the esotrin, another very large fish, fat and deli- 
 cious ; it abounds besides with salmon, sterlitz, 
 a most delicious fish. Strahlenberg , in his me- 
 moirs, notices the beluga, as the largest eatable 
 river fish in the world, he had seen one fifty-six 
 feet in length, and eighteen in girth. 
 
 P. H. Bruce. 
 
 Though the beluga is an inhabitant of the 
 Black Sea, it is often caught at Presburg, five 
 hundred German miles from the Danube ; it is, 
 perhaps, to free itself from animalculse, infesting 
 the Black Sea, that it goes so far, when it is not 
 spawning time. Mag. Nat. Hist. 
 
 Glanis, or beluga, the largest fish in the Volga^ 
 is very troublesome to bathers ; it makes its way 
 through nets, and every obstacle, making room 
 for other fish to pass in the spring ; its length is 
 from seven to eight feet, and it is very heavy. 
 
 Pallas' Voyage. 
 
144 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 The beluga, though an inhabitant of the Black 
 sea, quits it as the salmon does, for the rivers, to 
 dislodge itself of certain vermin that infest its 
 head, or body, which may be seen by the micro- 
 scope ; the vermin is larger than the mites of 
 cheese. Taube Beschreibung von Sclavonien. 
 
 Thus does Providence commission a reptile, 
 apparently of the meanest order, to provide for 
 the necessities of men, and to establish, by con- 
 ducting them to his haunts, his control over the 
 inhabitants of the ocean. 
 
 Plin. Nat. Hist. 
 
 Bathurst River described as excellent in a pe- 
 culiar fish. One man, in less than an hour, 
 caught eighteen, one of which was a curiosity, 
 from the beauty of its colours, and immense size; 
 in shape and form it most resembled a cod, but 
 was speckled with brown, blue, and yellow spots, 
 like a leopard's skin ; its gills and belly a clear 
 white; the tail and fins a dark brown ; it weighed 
 seventy pounds, and without the entrails sixty- 
 six pounds ; but what is rather singular, in none 
 of these fish was any thing found except a shrimp 
 or two. Dimensions : 
 
 Ft. In. 
 
 Length from nose to tail 3 5 
 
 Circumference round the shoulders. . 2 6 
 Fin to fin over the back , 1 5 
 
AND FISHING. 145 
 
 Ft. In. 
 
 Circumference near the anus 1 9 
 
 Breadth of the tail 1 U 
 
 Circumference of the mouth opened 1 6 
 
 Depth of the swallow 1 
 
 Extract from Oxley's Expedition in the 
 interior of New South Wales, 4to. p. 24. 
 
 BINNY. 
 
 This is a fish found in the Nile. Its excellent 
 taste may vie with that of any fish caught in any 
 river which runs into the Mediterranean or ocean. 
 It is not without its singularities, yet its form and 
 colour are the most simple. Whether it is the 
 Latus or Oxyrinchus of antiquity, both fishes of 
 the Nile, I am not naturalist enough to discover. 
 The fish alluded to weighed thirty-two pounds, 
 but is often caught at seventy pounds and up- 
 wards. The whole of its body is covered with 
 silver scales, much resembling silver spangles ; 
 they lie close together. Its eye is large and black, 
 with a broad iris of white, stained with yellow ; 
 and it has the power of moving its eyes backwards 
 or forwards at the same time. 
 
 Method of fishing for the Binny.They take 
 
 a quantity of oil, clay, flour, and honey, with 
 
 straw, and something else, which makes it stick 
 
 together ; then knead it, until it makes a perfect 
 
 L 
 
146 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 mixture, and will adhere firmly together. They 
 then take two handfuls of dates, and break them 
 into small pieces, and stick them in different 
 parts of the mixture, which now adheres together, 
 like Cheshire cheese. In the heart of this cake 
 they put seven or eight hooks, with dates upon 
 them, and a string of whipcord to each. The 
 fisherman then takes this large mass of paste, and 
 putting it upon a goat's skin blown with the wind, 
 rides behind it into the middle of the river ; there 
 he drops it in the deepest part ; then cautiously 
 holding the end of each string slack, so as not to 
 pull the hooks and dates out of the heap, he goes 
 again ashore a little below where he had sunk the 
 solid mass, when he gently separates the strings, 
 aud ties them to palm branches ; to the end of 
 every one of which hangs a bell; the oil resists 
 the water for some time ; at last the cake dis- 
 solves, pieces fall off; the dates, dipped in honey, 
 flow down the stream, and the large fish below 
 ravenously catch them as they pass. The fish 
 follow these pieces up the stream, till they get to 
 the cake, when they voraciously seek the dates 
 buried in the composition. Each fish that finds 
 a date, swallows it together with the iron hook, 
 and feeling himself fast, endeavours to make off 
 as speedily as possible ; the consequence is, he 
 pulls the palm branch, and rings the bell fastened 
 to it. The fisherman runs immediately to the 
 bell, and secures the fish. Frequently, not one 
 
AND FISHING. 147 
 
 hook is found empty. As the fish will not keep 
 in this country, a large hook is fastened through 
 the upper jaw, and then fastened to the shore. 
 Two fish dined our boat's crew. 
 
 Bruce's Travels, 4to. vol. v. 
 
 BAGRE. 
 
 A fish which abounds in most of the rivers of 
 America. The skin has no scales; it is smooth, 
 grey on both sides. The head of this fish is large, 
 the snout flat, and furnished on both sides with 
 barbs like a barbel ; it is of a yellowish colour, 
 of a very delicious taste, with few bones. 
 
 Thompson's Alcedo. 
 
 CAPITAN. 
 
 A very savoury fish found in the rivers of New 
 Grenada. It has been remarked that when the 
 bones of the head are separated, each one repre- 
 sents one of the passions of the Redeemer, viz. 
 the spear, the cross, nails, &c. &c. 
 
 Thompson's Alcedo. 
 
 CIEGO. 
 
 A delicious savoury fish in the river Guyaquil. 
 It is called ciego, because it appears blind, having 
 no visible eyes, though it escapes when it thinks 
 proper. It is a hand and a half in length, and 
 has no bones. Thompsons Alcedo. 
 
148 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 CURBINATA. 
 
 A fish found in the rivers and lakes of America, 
 remarkable on account of its having above each 
 eye a white transparent stone, of the size of an 
 olive stone, which possesses very great virtue in 
 urinary complaints, and dissolving stones in the 
 bladder ; hence it is much sought after. Her- 
 nandez calls it the parou. Thompsons Alcedo. 
 
 CUSK. 
 
 A fish so called at New Brunswick, and consi- 
 dered excellent eating, is there caught in the ri- 
 vers. I have not seen it elsewhere. It somewhat 
 resembles the white fish of the Canada lakes, but 
 is less in size, and quite a new species. 
 
 M'Gregor's British America. 
 
 DRUM FISH. 
 
 Mr. J. White, lieutenant in the United States, 
 says, in his voyage to the China Seas in 1824, 
 that being at the mouth of the Cambodia river, 
 himself and his crew were astonished at hearing 
 from the bottom of the ship extraordinary sounds, 
 like bells, the bass of an organ, enormous harp, 
 &c. &c. These noises increased, and formed a 
 universal chorus, over the entire length of the 
 vessel. The interpreter told Mr. White they were 
 produced by fishes, of an oval or flatted form, 
 which adhere to bodies by the mouth. Humboldt 
 
AND FISHING. 149 
 
 mentions the same occurrence, but did not know 
 the cause. 
 
 THE FISH OF THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 In the river Ganges they have the rooee, a 
 species of carp ; and the cutlah, a kind of perch. 
 These often weigh thirty or forty pounds. The 
 meergy, having fewer bones, is preferable to the 
 rooee. The finest fish, however, is the sable, in 
 flavour like the salmon ; it rarely weighs more 
 than four pounds. The cockup is the salt-water 
 pike. I once saw a cockup taken near Dacca 
 that measured eight feet, and required four men 
 to carry it. 
 
 Williamson's Oriental Field Sports, vol. ii. 
 
 Fish abound in the bays of East Falkland 
 Island. They took the hook, being of a kind be- 
 tween the mullet and the salmon. Their flavour 
 was excellent, and when salted they were consi- 
 dered superior to the cod. Many ship loads might 
 be procured annually. 
 
 Martins Brit. Col. vol. iv. p. 511,512. 
 
 GRAINING. 
 
 This fish is more slender than the dace; the 
 body almost straight ; the colour of the scales is 
 silvery, with a bluish cast ; the eyes are ventral, 
 and the anal fins are of a pale colour. This fish 
 is to be found in the Mersey, below Warrington. 
 
150 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 It is fished for with artificial flies, like the dace ; 
 it rises freely, gives good sport to the angler ; and 
 when in the humour, it is not difficult to fill a 
 pannier with these fishes. They seldom exceed 
 half a pound in weight, and are much better 
 eating than the dace : their length is about nine 
 inches. Bainbridge's Fly-Fisher's Guide. 
 
 A very particular account of this fish is given 
 by Mr. Yarrel, in the Linnean Transactions, vok 
 xvii. pt. 1. 
 
 HAWSONS, Or HUSOtfES. 
 
 A very large river fish, found in the Danube, 
 twenty feet long ; it is caught in Schut Island, 
 between Presburg and Komara. Some think it 
 the same fish which (Elian names Antacetus. It 
 exceeds all others in largeness. Johnstonius. 
 
 Herrings in Fresh Water. In Virginia the 
 herring ascends the rivers, even up to the most 
 minute branches, as far as it can reach. A recent 
 traveller observes, it is almost impossible to cross 
 the fords on horseback without treading on them. 
 
 Dr. M'Culloch. 
 
 Mr. Franklin moved the spawn of herring from 
 one river to another, and they always were to be 
 seen in both rivers, in the season. 
 
AND FISHING. 151 
 
 HASSAR. 
 
 Dr. Hancock, a distinguished ichthyologist, 
 says of the hassar, " this is one of those species 
 of fishes which possess the singular property of 
 deserting the water, and travelling over land. In 
 these terrestrial excursions large droves of them 
 are met with by the Indians, during dry seasons, 
 for it is only then that they are compelled to this 
 dangerous march in search of water, which ex- 
 poses them to so many enemies. 
 
 Fish Nest. The hassar makes a regular nest, 
 in which it lays its eggs in a flattened cluster, 
 and covers them over most carefully ; it remains 
 by the side of the nest until the spawn is hatched, 
 with as much solicitude as a hen guards her eggs ; 
 both the male and female hassar courageously 
 attack assailants. The round-head hassar forms 
 its nest of grass, and the fiat-head of leaves. 
 Zoological Journal, No. 14. 
 
 Some Indian fish live out of water for a consi- 
 derable time ; numbers of travellers have confirmed 
 the fact ; it is owing to the peculiar construction 
 of their gills, by which they are enabled to take 
 up and retain a supply of water sufficient to keep 
 up respiration during their absence from that ele- 
 ment. It is well known to what an extent this 
 power is enjoyed by eels. 
 
152 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 As soon as the wet season commences, the East 
 Indies are abundantly supplied with fish. The 
 rain falling in such abundance as to cover the 
 earth, verdure commences within twenty -four 
 hours ; and in the hollow or low parts ponds are 
 formed, and so plentifully supplied with fish, that 
 nets are used to catch them for the table. 
 
 Dr. Anderson. 
 
 Fishes at Ilmen, and the mode of curing 
 them. At lake Ilmen, near Valdai, they have a 
 fish like a herring, and also another resembling a 
 smelt. They prepare them for a distant market, 
 by putting them in ovens of a different tempera- 
 ture, and gradually but thoroughly drying them. 
 Captain Jones' Travels in Norway. 
 
 Why might not the same method of curing 
 other fresh-water fish be adopted in this country ? 
 
 Editor. 
 
 Fish in Jamaica are supplied abundantly, and 
 in great variety. Many of them are large and 
 rich, but their flesh is in general soft and pulpy, 
 and none to be compared with our salmon. One 
 small kind called the snapper, with various other 
 sorts, are to be seen swimming about near the 
 shore of the clear pellucid harbour, and under the 
 numerous quays, in thousands. In the inland 
 streams, the mountain mullet, a fine rich trout, is 
 
AND FISHING. 153 
 
 the prevalent fish. The shell-fish are mentioned 
 only to notice two species, the oyster and the black 
 crab : the former literally grows upon trees, that 
 is to say, they adhere to the branches of the wil- 
 lows that grow on the margin of the water, and in 
 this state are brought into market, where they are 
 sold at so much per stick ; their shells generally 
 resemble the muscle rather than the pandore ; 
 they are very sweet and wholesome nevertheless : 
 the black crab (which resembles exactly the Scotch 
 parton, but smaller, and darker in the colour) is 
 considered a great delicacy in Jamaica ; the habits 
 of this animal are a great puzzle to the West In- 
 dians ; they are found in all parts of the interior, 
 and supposed to migrate every year from one side 
 of the island to the other ; they are often met in 
 hundreds together, slowly traversing the country ; 
 at these times it is dangerous to meddle with them, 
 for if they should fix upon man, mule, or horse, 
 nothing but wrenching their claws from their 
 bodies will make them quit their hold : it is a curi- 
 ous circumstance, that during these migrations 
 nothing can make them swerve from their path- 
 be the obstacle trees, stones, or precipice, they 
 go direct over it, by means of their adhesive claws ; 
 whilst sojourning on the sea-shore, they burrow in 
 holes like rabbits. Chambers' Journal, No. 58. 
 
 In the collection of the late Sir W. Raffles was 
 a new species ofjulis, which, from its coloured 
 
154 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 markings, Mr. Bennet named the julis argus, or 
 peacock fish, the sides and fins being studded 
 with beautiful ocelli similar to the peacock's tail. 
 
 Mirror, vol. xxv. 
 
 FISHES OF NEW YORK. 
 
 A monstrous river fish of prey. In the ac- 
 count of the expedition for exploring the country 
 between the rivers of St. Lawrence and Saguenay, 
 published in the Appendix to the Journals of 
 the House of Assembly, 1831, the following 
 passage appears : " We embarked at the point of 
 the Baie des Roches, north shore of the St. Law- 
 rence, and we had not proceeded far when we 
 were pursued by a monstrous fish of prey ; in 
 consequence of which we put to shore again. 
 This animal was four hours about us, as if watch- 
 ing us ; it came sometimes within twenty feet of 
 the rock on which we were, it was at least from 
 twenty to five and twenty feet long, and shaped 
 exactly like a pike; its jaws were from five to 
 six feet long, with a row of large teeth on each 
 side, of a yellowish colour, it kept itself some- 
 times for near a minute on the surface of the 
 water. I am not aware that any fish of the 
 above description has been seen in the Gulf of 
 St. Lawrence, or in the Lakes of Canada. Also, 
 after mentioning as inhabitants of these lakes, 
 the fish common to their country, they add the 
 tyrant of these lakes, with a bill of about a foot 
 
AND FISHING. 155 
 
 long. Trout, all sizes, weighing from fifty to 
 seventy Ibs. ; a fish called the masquenouge, of a 
 most delicious taste, weighing about fifty Ibs.; 
 and the sturgeon, weighing from seventy to one 
 hundred Ibs., affording isinglass, but different 
 from the sea sturgeon, wanting the shelly scales 
 on the back ; the lake herrings are plentiful. 
 McGregor's British America. 
 
 SHEEPS-HEAD. 
 
 Dr. Mitchell observes, in his account of the 
 fishes of New York, that the sheeps-head is 
 served up in the most sumptuous tables, and does 
 not yield in flavour to any fish, the trout and 
 salmon excepted. It weighs from four to seven 
 Ibs. ; its price is from a dollar to a dollar and a 
 half ; some have been seen to weigh fourteen lbs 
 Dr. Mitchell says, " nothing can surpass in the 
 opinion of a native of New York a sheeps-head 
 boiled." 
 
 WEAK FISH. 
 
 One of the most abundant fishes in New York, 
 and that which principally supplies the table, is 
 about sixteen inches in length, to be found where 
 they catch the basse. 
 
 PACOU. 
 
 The pacou is the richest, and most delicious 
 and plentiful fish in all Guiana. It does not take 
 
156 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 the hook, but the Indians sometimes decoy it to 
 the surface of the water, by means of the seeds 
 of the crabwood tree, and shoot it with an arrow, 
 which has hardly left the bow, when the Indian 
 plunges into the water after the fish, which is 
 struggling with the arrow. The Indians seldom 
 missed the fish aimed at. 
 
 Watterton's Wanderings in South America. 
 
 Palmide. This fish resembles veal when roast- 
 ed. It is only to be seen at table roasted in slices, 
 and is considered very good. Sketches of Corfu. 
 
 PRENADILLA. 
 
 A small delicious fish, in the lake of Cuicocha, 
 in the kingdom of Quitto, about an inch long, 
 and destitute of scales ; the prenadillas are 
 caught and pickled for exportation, from which 
 trade the Indians derive great gains. This fish, 
 a species of boguilla, is perhaps the cuitlapeth of 
 Hernandez. Thompson's Alcedo. 
 
 Sailing Fish. There is at Singapore a fish, 
 called by the natives ikan-layer, of about ten or 
 twelve feet in length, which hoists a mainsail, and 
 often sails very swiftly, in the manner of a native 
 boat. The sails are formed from the dorsal fins. 
 
 Mirror, vol. xxv. 
 
AND FISHING. 157 
 
 The natives of Sinde believe th&tjfish-diet pro- 
 strates the understanding ; and in palliation of 
 ignorance in any one, they often plead, he is but 
 a fish-eater. Mirror, vol. xxv. 
 
 SOUBATKA, A RARE FISH. 
 
 In the autumn there is to be seen in the River 
 Airgoun, in Mongolia, a very rare fish, named by 
 the Kossacks soubatka, from the number of its 
 teeth ; its body is about an ell long, and one 
 foot in width, its back is humped towards the 
 head, its width diminishes towards the tail, on 
 which it has large fins ; it is of a bluish colour, 
 its scales are very small, its teeth very strong, the 
 two front teeth and the grinders are larger than 
 the rest, and a little curved. 
 
 Pallas' Voyage, 4to. vol. iv. 
 
 SPARUS. 
 
 A fine specimen of the four-footed sparus of 
 Donovan was lately captured, by a carrier, in 
 shallow water, at Cambois Burn. It measured 
 five feet three inches in length ; and weighed 
 seventy-nine pounds, being three pounds heavier 
 than any previously seen by naturalists ; it is con- 
 sidered a very rare species in the British seas. 
 Newcastle Journal, Nov. 23, 1833. 
 
158 ANECDOTES OF FISHES. 
 
 SOLOMJIANKA. 
 
 The lake Baikal yields a fish peculiar to it ; they 
 call it solomjianka. This fish resembles a lump 
 of fat. When put on the gridiron, the oily fat 
 with which it is filled melts, so as to leave nothing 
 but the bones. It is never taken in nets, nor has 
 it ever been seen alive. It is supposed to reside 
 only in the gulfs of Baikal. It exists in the centre 
 of the lake, which is very deep : lines of three or 
 four hundred feet have failed to reach the bottom. 
 These fish are sent to the surface when the lake is 
 much agitated with high wind ; they are then 
 thrown on the banks, in such quantities as to 
 form a parapet on the shore. This proves a rich 
 harvest for the inhabitants, who extract an oil 
 from them which they sell to the Chinese. Pallas 
 had twice some sent him to Posolsk. The gulls 
 and crows will not eat them. A slight pressure 
 with the hand makes them melt to oil. 
 
 Pallas' Travels in Russia. 
 
 LARGE STURGEON. 
 
 Three large sturgeons taken in the river Nyn, 
 near Peterborough. One at Allerton mill, seven 
 feet nine inches in length, weighed one hundred 
 and twenty-three pounds. Another at Castor 
 mill, was eight feet two inches in length, and 
 three feet in width. Another was five feet nine 
 inches long. Morton s Nat. Hist. Stafford. 
 
AND FISHING. 159 
 
 In the year 1829, a large sturgeon was caught 
 and landed at Bushley Meadows ; it was seven 
 feet in length, two feet ten inches in girth, and 
 weighed one hundred and twenty pounds. 
 
 Dr. Easting's Nat. Hist. Worcestershire. 
 
 There was caught in a stake net, near Find- 
 horn, Scotland, a sturgeon, eight feet six inches 
 long, three in width, and weighing two hundred 
 and three pounds. Barrow's Worcester Journal, 
 July, 1833. 
 
 Catesby informs us, that in North America 
 sturgeons appear in great abundance, in May, 
 June, and July, occasionally springing out of the 
 water some yards high, and falling on their sides ; 
 their fall may be heard at a distance of some 
 miles. In Virginia they are so numerous, that 
 five or six hundred are taken in the space of two 
 days, by merely putting down a pole with a strong 
 hook at the end, and drawing it up again, on 
 perceiving it to be rubbed against by a fish. 
 
 Sturgeon Fishery. This fishery is carried to a 
 great extent in the Volga and in the inlets of the 
 Caspian sea. It yields on an average 1,760,405 
 roubles yearly. The Persian fishery of the stur- 
 geon is reported to produce 200,000 roubles 
 yearly. Forster says, sturgeons are seldom found 
 in summer, but mostly in winter, under the ice. 
 
160 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 Caviar is made from the eggs, and isinglass from 
 the sounds of this fish. Phil. Trans, vol. Ivii. 
 
 The river Zongouska, in Siberia, abounds in 
 sturgeons. The inhabitants of the neighbourhood 
 sell a great quantity yearly to D'llmsk, D'Leni- 
 seisk, and D'Irhoutsk. The most favourable 
 time for fishing is when the river is gently frozen. 
 They make use of a rod or pole, about four or 
 five feet long, at the extremity of which they fix 
 an iron, with two branches curved or bent, but 
 round, about half a foot from each other, and a 
 sharp point coming out between the branches. 
 When they fish, they break the ice, and put the 
 rod into the holes, at the deepest part of the river, 
 and continue to sound different places, until they 
 have found the sturgeons. As soon as they have 
 found the fish, they go into the branches, two at 
 a time, (that is, two in each branch), until the 
 whole are caught. They take at a time from two 
 to three hundred. If any are injured, and blood 
 issues from the wound, the fishing immediately 
 ceases, as the fish all leave the place. 
 
 Gmelin, Voyage en Siberie, vol. i. 
 
 This river (Medway) was formerly well stored 
 with salmon and sturgeon. The Bishop of Roches- 
 ter derived a valuable part of his revenue from the 
 fishing for sturgeon. One was caught near Maid- 
 
AND FISHING. 16L 
 
 stone, in 1774, that was seven feet long, and 
 weighed one hundred and sixty pounds. 
 
 Daniel's Rural Sports, Sup. 
 
 Sturgeon Eggs. The fishery of the Caspian 
 sea, about the mouth of the Volga, is of the 
 highest importance. Amongst the great variety 
 of fish in which this river abounds, the sturgeon 
 is not the least considerable. Its eggs afford what 
 the Russians call ikari, and the Italians caviar. 
 
 P. H. Bruce. 
 
 Curious Fishes in Surinam. The grey munik, 
 three feet long, like a salmon in shape, but larger 
 scales, and thicker in the body ; its flesh is white 
 and delicate. Yellow-back is often brought to 
 market at Paramaribo ; it attracts much attention 
 from strangers ; its back is of a saffron colour, 
 and its belly white ; it has a large head , with long 
 whiskers; body small, without scales. The wrapper 
 is one foot long, and of good taste. The lumpe is 
 much esteemed for its taste ; it is about a foot and 
 a half long ; large head ; body marked with black 
 longitudinal stripes. The peri grows to the size 
 of two feet, flattish shape, large head, wide mouth, 
 very sharp teeth, a fin on each side of the belly, 
 and one on the back and at the end of the tail ; 
 scales shining blue ; lives in fresh water ; very ra- 
 pacious ; its jaws very strong : persons bathing 
 frequently lose their toes or fingers, &c. : the 
 M 
 
162 ANECDOTES OF FISHES 
 
 Indians do not fear it ; they keep themselves in 
 constant motion. The quee-quee is covered with 
 hard scales, of moveable rings. Four-eyed fish is 
 a foot long, something like a frog ; it has not four 
 eyes, but under each eye is a part of an eye, 
 which serves it, as a reflecting mirror, to observe 
 what passes under the water. 
 
 Baron Albert Von Sack. 
 
 VENDISE. 
 
 This beautiful and delicate fish, of the salmon 
 tribe, is entirely confined to Lochmaben, near 
 Dumfries, although known in Switzerland and 
 other parts of the Continent. It resembles the 
 herring, but has a far more agreeable flavour. It 
 measures from four to ten inches. Its back is 
 green, and covered below with silver scales. The 
 forehead of the vendise is pellucid, and bears the 
 shape of the human heart. The unfortunate 
 Queen Mary is said to have introduced it into 
 Lochmaben from the Continent. This fish is a 
 famous bait for pike. It dies the instant it is 
 taken out of the water. 
 
 NONDESCRIPT FISHES. 
 
 Mr. Pennant gives an account, in his View of 
 Hindostan, of a small fish, always to be found in 
 the rainy seasons in places where it was dry be- 
 fore : it is in high estimation. He also mentions 
 a fish found about the Foundling Hospital, when 
 
AND FISHING. 163 
 
 it was building, and when there was no connec- 
 tion with any other water. 
 
 Captain Mudge, while employed in the trigo- 
 nometrical survey, stated, that a few days before 
 he left Shetland, he received a letter from a gen- 
 tleman of property there, that a fish of very sin- 
 gular appearance had been taken off the island of 
 Unst. The fish was to have been sent to Captain 
 Mudge, but did not arrive in time. It was of the 
 flat species, about four feet long, and was most 
 amply provided with fins ; but its distinguishing 
 peculiarities were two antennae, or feelers, about 
 eight or ten inches long, standing erect from the 
 head, each crowned with a fine tuft resembling a 
 flower ; whilst on the under part, near the breast, 
 were two hands, exactly resembling the human 
 hand, except that they were palmated or webbed. 
 
FISHING AS PRACTISED IN DIFFERENT 
 PARTS OF THE WORLD. 
 
FISHING AS PRACTISED IN DIFFERENT 
 PARTS OF THE WORLD. 
 
 Lobster Fishing in North America. The har- 
 bour of Halifax is one of the finest in the world ; 
 its deep waters abound with fish of every descrip- 
 tion (except soles). Fish is daily to be purchased 
 at the market at a most astonishing low rate, 
 generally from a halfpenny per lb., and the finest 
 lobsters may be had for a halfpenny each ; but 
 our object in these fishing parties, consisting 
 of gentlemen and ladies, was not only to fill 
 our baskets ; they were a kind of pic-nic. The 
 period selected was generally at the full of the 
 moon ; but when her light was clouded on one 
 of these cool calm evenings which succeed the 
 hot days of an Indian summer, we chose our 
 ground, and lowered sail, and pulled up under 
 the shade of a lofty uninhabited building, situated 
 on Melville Island, which lies in the Sound. Under 
 these rocky shores we commenced our operations, 
 with about four or five feet water. The imple- 
 ments were not very complicated ; in the bow of 
 the boat was placed a large grating, with a long 
 handle, like a gigantic frying-pan ; this is sup- 
 plied with large thick pieces of a kind of mill- 
 board, which, when lit, burns fiercely, and casts 
 
168 FISHING AS PRACTISED IN 
 
 a very powerful light. The weapons for captur- 
 ing lobsters, termed spears, resemble the props of 
 a clothes line, only somewhat more artistically 
 shaped ; they are from six to seven feet in length, 
 and nearly an inch in diameter ; at one extremity 
 they are split down nearly six inches, the prongs 
 thus formed are kept asunder by a small wedge. 
 The boat is tilted on one side, so as to bring 
 the gun-whale quite close to the water's edge, 
 and a blazing fire lighted on the grating, makes 
 the smallest objects visible beneath the wave; 
 myriads of lobsters are thus discovered crawling 
 in every direction. Their being disturbed by the 
 sudden glare, causes a great deal of confusion 
 amongst them. The prongs of the weapon are 
 quietly inserted in the water, and gradually lowered 
 until within a few inches of the lobster; the fisher- 
 man darts his spear on the shoulders, wedging 
 him between the prongs, and brings him out. In 
 a short time, not more than one hour, the boat 
 was filled. New Sporting Mag. June, 1834. 
 
 Indians Fishing in North America. They 
 catch fish with nets, hooks, and harping irons. 
 They take also a fork of wood, with two grains or 
 points, and set a gin to it, almost in the same 
 way as they catch partridges in France ; they put 
 it into the water, and when the fish (which are in 
 greater plenty than here) goto pass through, and 
 find they are entered in a gin, they snap together 
 
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD. 169 
 
 these pinchers, and catch the fish by the gills. 
 The Iroquois make use of a net forty or fifty 
 fathoms long ; they cast it from their canoe, in an 
 oval form ; their dexterity in this is admirable. 
 They take a great quantity of white fish, and 
 bring them ashore with nets made of nettles; 
 there are two men together ; they take eels in the 
 night, using the bark of a birch tree, with some 
 earth on the end of a stake, after which they 
 light a flambeau, which gives a clear light ; then 
 one or two go into a canoe with a harping iron, 
 placed between two grains of a little fork ; they 
 strike a great number of eels, because the por- 
 poises are pursuing them, but they are stopped by 
 shallow water. Henepin's Travels. 
 
 Fishing on the Coast of Angoza,or Cabenda. 
 This fishery is conducted on a very extensive 
 scale. They use a net, of nearly three or four 
 hundred fathoms, and three or four in depth, 
 made of strong materials. It is floated by buoys 
 of the Lob-lolly tree, a soft spongy wood. A 
 sweep is made, which seldom fails to bring out a 
 large quantity of fish of all descriptions. 
 
 Edinb. Phil. Journal, vol. v. 
 
 Peculiar Method of Fishing at St. Antonio. 
 Captain Foster had no sooner landed than a 
 solitary negro made his appearance; we had in- 
 vaded his solitude ; we soon made him acquainted 
 
170 FISHING AS PRACTISED IN 
 
 that fish and vegetables would be acceptable. 
 The next minute he provided himself with a cane, 
 armed at one end with a nail, and, to our surprise, 
 plunged into the sea ; here he continued floating 
 and swimming about, supporting himself in the 
 water with one hand, while with the other he 
 made use of his weapon among the finny tribe. 
 This was altogether a novel mode of fishing, but 
 not so to him, for in the space of two or three 
 hours he had caught six fine cavalloes, weighing 
 nineteen pounds, besides several smaller fish. 
 
 Voyage of the Chanticleer, by Webster. 
 
 In the Island of Arguin, in Africa, the Dutch 
 fish from January to July, and catch great quan- 
 tities of the fish named old maids, which weigh as 
 much as two hundred pounds, and which are salted 
 and dried in the same manner as cod, with this 
 difference they will not keep above seven months. 
 Golberry's Voyage in Afrique, vol. i. 
 
 Winter Fishing for the Huso in Astracan. 
 Gmelin has related in a very lively way the solemn 
 fishing that takes place for the Huso, at the be- 
 ginning of winter, in the neighbourhood of Astra- 
 can, when these fish have retired into vast caves 
 under the sea-shore, which form their winter quar- 
 ters. A great number of fishermen assemble, over 
 whom are placed a director and inspectors, who 
 possess considerable influence and authority ; every 
 
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD. 171 
 
 kind of fishing is prohibited in the places known 
 to be the haunts of the husos ; a numerous flotilla 
 of boats are in readiness ; every thing is prepared 
 as it were for an important military operation ; all 
 approach in concert, and with regular manoauvres ; 
 the slightest noise is interdicted, so that the most 
 profound silence everywhere prevails. In an in- 
 stant, at a given signal, a universal shout rends 
 the heavens, which echo multiplies on every side. 
 The astonished husos, in the greatest alarm, rush 
 into the nets of every kind prepared to receive 
 them. The huso fishery is of great importance, 
 principally on account of the caviar prepared 
 from the roe of these fishes, and the isinglass 
 made from the air-vessel. The caviar is in de- 
 mand amongst the Russians and Turks, but more 
 particularly among the Greeks. Rev. W. Kir by. 
 
 Fishing in the Baikal. I observed in this 
 neighbourhood the fishermen make use of nets of 
 a singular construction, to catch the fish in the 
 spring, as they come out of the bulrushes, reeds, 
 weeds, &c. &c. They term it Kotsi, or fold, made 
 from the branches of trees that extend over the 
 water. An angle is formed by this means, with 
 the use of osiers or reeds, into a large inclosure, 
 which extends to two chambers ; on entering 
 which, the mouth being so constructed, there is 
 no returning. Pallas' Voyage. 
 
172 FISHING AS PRACTISED IN 
 
 Fishing at Battersea Bridge and the other 
 Bridges is best at the two last hours of ebb-tide, 
 and the first hour of flood, at the starlings, taking 
 care to fish in the eddy. In the fourth, fifth, and 
 sixth arches, on the Surrey side, roach, dace, gud- 
 geon, and sometimes barbel, used to be caught. 
 Best bait, gentles; ground-bait, balls made of 
 clay, graves, and bread. 
 
 HasseVs Sports of the Thames, p. 77. 
 
 At Black Swan River, New Settlement, west- 
 ern coast of New Holland, the natives angle or 
 fish with mother-of-pearl hooks, and lines made 
 from the bark of trees. 
 
 Lit. Gaz. 18th Dec. 1828, 
 
 Native Fishing River Wanyance, Bokhara. 
 Each fisherman is provided with a large earthen 
 jar, open at the top, and somewhat flat ; on this 
 he places himself, and, lying on it horizontally, 
 launches into the stream, swimming and pushing 
 forward like a frog, and guiding himself with his 
 hands ; when he has reached the centre of the 
 river, he darts his net directly under him, and 
 sails down with the stream. The net consists of 
 a pouch attached to a pole, which he shuts on 
 meeting his game, draws it up, and spears it, and 
 puts it into his vessel, on which he floats and pro- 
 secutes his occupation. 
 
 Burnes* Travels in Bockhara. 
 
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD. 173 
 
 Fishing at the Cape. A great variety of fish 
 frequent the shores at the Cape ; in consequence 
 of which whole fleets of fishing boats go out from 
 the Cape every day, and all return at two o'clock, 
 the established hour for market. This regulation 
 enables them to have fish in perfection . The fisher- 
 men of Capetown adopt a curious practice ; they 
 invariably smear their nets with blood, which is 
 allowed to dry on them, and they consider that 
 this entices the fish, and gives them a better haul. 
 
 Fosters Voyage. 
 
 Fishing in Canada. The manner of fishing, 
 as described by a Canadian, in the Mirror : Those 
 living on the borders of the numerous lakes and 
 rivers of Canada, (which abound with salmon, 
 trout, eels, perch, &c. &c.), are provided with a 
 light boat, or log, or what is best, with a bark 
 canoe; a barbed fishing spear, with light tapering 
 shaft, about twelve or sixteen feet long, an iron 
 basket for holding burning pine knots, and capable 
 of being suspended at the head of the boat; when 
 fired on calm evenings, after dusk, many of these 
 lights are seen stealing out to the best fishing 
 grounds. The light seems to attract the fish ; 
 all around it they seem thickly congregated ; in 
 this manner fifty or sixty fish of three or four Ibs, 
 are speared in the course of the night. A little 
 practice enables a young settler to take an active 
 
174 FISHING AS PRACTISED IN 
 
 part in this pursuit : very few fish are caught by 
 the fly, excepting the black bass occasionally. 
 Martin's British Colonies, vol. iii. 
 
 Method of catching Cay men. The Indian 
 instrument to take the Cayman was very simple : 
 it consisted of four pieces of tough wood, one foot 
 long, and about the thickness of a finger, barbed 
 at both ends. These pieces were tied round the 
 end of the rope in such a manner, that if you 
 conceive the rope would be an arrow, it would 
 form the arrow's head, which was well baited with 
 the flesh of the acouri, and its entrail twisted 
 round the rope a foot above it. A print of this 
 is to be seen in Mr. Wattertons Wanderings. 
 He caught a cayman with this instrument, ten 
 feet long, and rode upon its back forty yards, 
 when they dragged it out of the water. 
 
 New Mode of Fishing in China. Among the 
 many amusing scenes which strike the eye of a 
 European, on his first visit to China, is the in- 
 genious mode of fishing practised near Canton. 
 
 At the stern of their punt-like boats, a small 
 mast, like a flagstaff, about eight feet high, is 
 fixed. To the top of this a block is made fast, 
 having a sheaver to carry a H inch rope. One 
 end of this rope is fixed to a bamboo pole twelve 
 or fifteen feet in length ; it is hoisted higher 
 
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD. 175 
 
 or lower, as is wanted. The butt end of the 
 pole is kept on board, and at the other end a 
 light net, about eight feet square, is slung, being 
 kept distended by two slender rods, fixed diago- 
 nally to the opposite corners, and bound together 
 in the middle, where they cross each other, and 
 where also they are fixed to the end of the swing- 
 ing pole before mentioned. A stone is thrown 
 into the middle of the net to assist it in sinking, 
 so that it may, when down, spread out on the 
 bottom of the river. When the fisherman thinks 
 any fish are passing over the net, he suddenly 
 hoists it above the water, and if he has made a 
 capture, he swings the net on board to take out 
 the fish ; if none are caught, he drops it again into 
 that, or some other place, even amongst barges ; 
 this plan might be useful in this country for carp- 
 fishing, in ponds having steep and rugged banks, 
 by taking the advantage of a tree, to which the 
 pole and net may be slung, lowering it in the 
 day time, and throwing thereon a handful of 
 brewers' grains, or other bait : at night the fish 
 would feed, and quickly hoisting the net, a fine 
 shoal might be taken. Eels might be so taken in 
 rivers. 
 
 A clear engraving of this net may be seen, 
 with the above account, in Mag. Nat. Hist, vol . 
 v. No. 27. 
 
176 FISHING AS PRACTISED IN 
 
 Extraordinary Fishing in Cirenitz Lake. . 
 None of the curiosities of Germany are more sur- 
 prising than this lake in Carniola. It is four or five 
 miles long, and two miles broad, the most wonder- 
 ful circumstance is its ebbing and flowing in June 
 and September, when it runs off through eighteen 
 holes, which form as many eddies or whirlpools. 
 Valvasor mentions a singular mode of fishing 
 in these holes, and says that when the water has 
 entirely run off into its subterraneous reservoirs, 
 the peasant ventures with lights into that cavity, 
 which runs into a hard rock, three or four fathoms 
 under ground, to a solid bottom ; whence the 
 water, running through small holes as through a 
 sieve, the fish are left behind, and caught, as it 
 were, in a net provided by nature. On the first 
 appearance of its ebbing, a bell is rung at Cire- 
 nitz, on which all the peasants in the neighbour- 
 ing villages prepare for fishing at these ebbings. 
 An incredible number of pike, trout, eels, tench, 
 carp, perch, &c. are caught. Smith's Wonders. 
 
 Fishing -Bird of China. This bird is about as 
 large as a heron. The Chinese fishermen train these 
 fowls to catch fish, and to bring it to them ; they 
 are as tractable as hawks used to be in England. 
 They perch on the sides of the boat, and at the 
 word of command dive for their prey, and bring 
 it into the boat, and so continue until the fisher- 
 
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD. 177 
 
 men are satisfied. As fish is the natural food of 
 these birds, the difficulty is to restrain them from 
 eating, for which purpose they fasten a string 
 round their necks, so slack as to suffer them to 
 breathe ; when the bird has done fishing for his 
 master, the cord is taken off, and it fishes for it- 
 self. Smith's Wonders. 
 
 Fishing in China. One of the common prac- 
 tices is to place a board painted white along the 
 edge of the boat, which, reflecting the moon's 
 rays into the water, induces the fish to spring to- 
 wards it, supposing it to be a moving sheet of 
 water, when they fall into the boat. 
 
 London Encyclop. of Agriculture 
 
 Columbus is said to have observed, in the course 
 of his voyage among the West India Islands, 
 some natives fishing in a canoe. He was struck 
 with the means they adopted, which was nothing 
 more or less than a sucking fish, which they al- 
 lowed themselves to fasten to a fish, and thus 
 drew them both out of water. 
 
 Method of Fishing in Congo. The mode of 
 fishing is ingenious ; having fixed on a shallow 
 channel between the shore and a sandbank, a row 
 of stakes is driven across to support a frame of 
 wicker work, about three feet high; a small open- 
 ing is left, in which a trap resembling a bird- 
 ie 
 
178 FISHING AS PRACTISED IN 
 
 cage is placed ; into this the different kind of fish 
 enter in great numbers, and are taken ; women 
 and children are employed in smoking them for 
 the rainy season. Edin. Phil. Journal, vol. v. 
 
 Fishing at Corfu. There was a fisherman 
 paddling about on the sea, he looked very pictu^ 
 resque in his white jacket and large straw hat, 
 seated on a bundle of rushes fastened together, 
 and moving about on the water with one oar ; 
 when he landed, he drew up his boat, and threw 
 it over his shoulders ; he had in his basket sea 
 scorpion, porcine scorpsena, shrimps, crabs, mul- 
 let, &c. &c. Sketches of Corfu. 
 
 Extraordinary Method of Fishing by the na- 
 tives of Cuba. The fish employed was the suck- 
 ing fish, or remora ; a strong small twine was 
 made fast round the tail of the fish, which was 
 kept in a vat until its services were required, and 
 then thrown overboard ; it ran instinctively to- 
 wards the first fish which its line permitted it to 
 reach, and instantly made itself fast by its oval 
 disk, or sucker at the top of its head; the moment 
 the fisherman felt that such was the case, he 
 gently drew in the line unto the surface ; then 
 'carefully thrust his finger under the disk, which 
 broke the connection, and secured the game ; he 
 then permitted the sucking fish to return again 
 
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD, 17f' 
 
 to the water. We found this a most successful 
 method of fishing. Fish and Fisheries. 
 
 Fernando Po Native Fishing. A number of 
 canoes, containing from three to twelve men, put 
 out to sea to look for a shoal of fish ; when dis- 
 covered, they surround it on all sides, shouting 
 and splashing the water with their paddles in 
 every direction, endeavouring to drive it towards 
 a centre. This done, they commence fishing, 
 using for the bait a small fish, with which they 
 are previously provided, and they occasionally 
 throw a few of these into the shoal. The fish ap- 
 pear to take this bait very eagerly, but as the hooks 
 which the natives use, are made of bone, wood, or 
 nails, and without barbs, not more than half the 
 number that are struck in the first instance are 
 eventually secured ; two men paddle the canoe in 
 the direction of the shoal, while the remainder are 
 fishing. Captain Owen was much amused and 
 interested with their operations and success ; they 
 brought on board some very fine species of bream, 
 from two to three Ibs. each, caught in deep water 
 at sea, by rod and line. 
 
 Holmans Voyage round the World. 
 
 New invention granted by authority, to catch 
 fish that shall swim within one thousand yards of 
 the land or shore, which may be used in all sea- 
 
180 FISHING AS PRACTISED IN 
 
 sons, when fishing boats, by the inclemency of the 
 weather, cannot venture out. 
 
 Gent. Mag. vol. xiii. p. 496. 
 
 Fuegian Method of Fishing. The Fuegians 
 subsist principally by fishing, and have recourse 
 to a remarkable expedient to supply the place of 
 a hook. They fasten a small limpet in its shell 
 to the end of a line, which the fish readily swal- 
 lows as bait. The greatest care is then taken by 
 them not to displace the limpet from his stomach 
 in drawing the fish up to the surface of the water ; 
 and when there, the fisherman watches a favour- 
 able moment, and with great dexterity, retains 
 the fish by the line in one hand, seizes hold of it 
 by the other, and quickly lifts it into the canoe. 
 Voyage of H. M. S. Chanticleer. 
 
 Fishes jfishing for one another. The frog-fish, 
 mouse-fish, angler, bellows-head, sea-devil, with 
 several other names, belong to a fish which sepa- 
 rately, from its fins, Dr. Smith describes very like 
 a tadpole or pollywog; from the sides and angle of 
 his mouth project numerous threads, soft, flexi- 
 ble, and terminating in bulbous extremities. Old 
 writers assure their readers that these threads 
 were fishing lines, and the bulbous extremities 
 baits, which nature had provided for its use in 
 angling. Buffon relates that this fish lies con- 
 cealed in the weeds, allowing the lines to float 
 
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD. 181 
 
 above its head, which so much resemble marine 
 worms, that the fishes being deceived by them, 
 are decoyed by the capacious vortex which is open 
 to receive them. 
 
 Dr. Smith. Fish and Fisheries. 
 
 Fishing Frog, or Angler Lophius Piscatorius. 
 A strange fish has been exhibited round the 
 town, in the course of the last two or three days, 
 which was caught in the mud in this harbour ; it 
 proves to be the fishing frog. This extraordinary 
 fish is five feet long, and the mouth when open is 
 three feet in circumference ; teeth long, rounded, 
 and bent inwards, three rows in the upper, and 
 two in the lower jaw; inhabits European seas. 
 The curator of the Portsmouth Philosophical In- 
 stitution has purchased it for the Museum. 
 
 Portsmouth Herald, Oct. 1833. 
 
 Fishing in the Ganges. During the periodical 
 rains the Ganges overflows its banks. After the 
 floods have subsided the smaller fish crowd up the 
 rivulets : a fisherman of an idle sort plies his dingy 
 or punt, and when it grates the sand, moors it 
 across the stream ; with a long indented bone, 
 something like a quail cull, he, in great unconcern, 
 with his hubble-bubble, or googoru a pipe so 
 called for the bubbling it makes, in having the 
 smoke drawn through a half-filled cocoa-nut shell 
 in one hand, and the musical instrument in the 
 
182 FISHING AS PRACTISED IN 
 
 other, creaks along the gunnel of the boat, and 
 awaits the arrival of the invited : strange to say, 
 his guests do arrive, and, finding the stream ob- 
 structed, throw themselves over into the lee-side 
 of the boat, where there is a net, and where they 
 get entangled in its meshes. Medwin's Angler. 
 
 Glaciers' Method of fishing for Cod and other 
 Fish. Each boat throws out four or six floating 
 lines, with hooks, at the prow ; they agitate the 
 water with their oars, which makes the fish bite, 
 as they will not do so from the motion of the boat ; 
 they catch in a short time more than their boat 
 will contain. Glufsen's Voyages. 
 
 Glass-fishing Net. A patent was granted to 
 the Marquis de Chabannes for a new apparatus 
 for attracting and catching fish. A lighted lamp 
 is sunk to the necessary depth in the water, and 
 the case of the lamp has pipes attached to it that 
 lead above the water's surface, for the purpose of 
 admitting air to the lamp, and drawing off the 
 smoke : the object of placing the light in the wa- 
 ter is to attract the fish, for which purpose a box 
 containing mirrors is connected with the lamp, 
 and behind is a trap of nets, into which the fish 
 are allured by the mirrors. There is a contracted 
 passage of netting, which gives way to the fish 
 entering, but closes against their return ; in this 
 
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD. 183 
 
 pouch the fishes collect, and are taken out by the 
 fishermen when the box is drawn. 
 
 Gent. Mag. p. 11, 1822. 
 
 Greenlanders' Fishing Tackle. Among the 
 fishing tackle peculiar to the Greenlanders, their 
 lines of whalebone are especially remarkable ; they 
 consist of whalebone split very fine, which are tied 
 together, and often two hundred fathoms in length, 
 and even longer : these lines are used in fishing 
 on the ice, to catch a kind of hollibut, which is 
 found only iu the Greenland seas. The Green- 
 landers spear salmon and salmon-trout with a 
 shaft, to which two bone or iron shafts are fast- 
 ened. 
 
 Catching the Gymnotus.This animal is a na- 
 tive of South America, and abounds in small 
 streams in the vicinity of Calobozo, and in ponds, 
 from the equator to the ninth degree of north lati- 
 tude. Humboldt gives a very spirited account of 
 the manner of taking this animal, which is done 
 by compelling wild horses and mules to take the 
 water ; the Indians surround the bason into which 
 they are driven, armed with long canes, or har- 
 poons ; some mount the trees whose branches 
 hang over the water ; all endeavouring, by their 
 cries and instruments, to keep the horses from 
 escaping : for a long time the victory seems 
 doubtful, or to incline to the fishes. The mules, 
 
184 FISHING AS PRACTISED IN 
 
 disabled by the frequency and force of the shocks, 
 disappear under the water ; and some horses, in 
 spite of the active vigilance of the Indians, gain 
 the banks, and, overcome by fatigue, and be- 
 numbed by the shocks, stretch themselves at their 
 length on the ground. There could not, says 
 Humboldt, be a finer subject for the painter : 
 groups of Indians surrounding the bason ; the 
 horses with their hair on end, and terror and agony 
 in their eyes; the eels, yellowish and livid, look- 
 ing like great aquatic serpents, swimming on the 
 surface of the water in pursuit of their enemy. In 
 a few minutes two horses were drowned, and 
 others, with repeated shocks of the eel, sink un- 
 der the water in a lethargy, and are soon trodden 
 upon and drowned. The gymnotus is more than 
 five feet long, and its electric organs are under the 
 tail. Rev. W.Kirby. 
 
 Ichthyophagites Native Fishers. Sir George 
 Mackenzie, in his journey from Canada to the 
 Pacific, fell in with some perfect Ichthyophagites, 
 who would touch no other food than fish. These 
 people construct, with great labour and ingenuity, 
 across their streams, salmon weirs, which are 
 formed with timber and gravel, and elevated nearly 
 four feet above the level of the water ; beneath this 
 machines are placed, into which the salmon fall 
 when they attempt to leap over the weir. On 
 either side is a large frame of timber work, six feet 
 
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD. 185 
 
 above the level of the upper water, in which pas- 
 sages are left for the salmon, leading into the ma- 
 chines. When they catch their salmon, they string 
 and suspend them at first in the river. The women 
 are employed in curing these fish ; for this pur- 
 pose, they appear to roast them first, and then 
 suspend them on the poles that run along the 
 beams of their houses, in which there are usually 
 from three to five hearths, the heat and smoke 
 from which contribute to their proper curing. 
 
 Coal-fishing in Ireland. The coal-fish re- 
 quires a stiff breeze ; and a dark sky is all 4:he 
 better ; in its detail it is perfectly similar to mac- 
 kerel fishing, only that the superior size of the coal- 
 fish makes stronger tackle and a heavier lead in* 
 dispensable ; an eel seven or eight inches long is 
 the bait ; the head being removed, the hook is in- 
 troduced as in a minnow, and the skin brought 
 three or four inches up the snoud. This latter is a 
 fine line, of two or three fathoms length, affixed to 
 the trap-stick and lead, the weight of which latter 
 is regulated by the sailing ; four or five knots an 
 hour is the best rate of sailing for killing coal-fish, 
 and where they are abundant, the sport is excel- 
 lent. The coal-fish varies in weight from two 
 to fourteen pounds, is finely shaped, immensely 
 rapid, uniting the action of salmon with the vora- 
 city of the pike ; if he miss his first dash, he will 
 follow the bait to the stern of the boat. For 
 
186 FISHING AS PRACTISED IN 
 
 mackerel fishing, the bait is the same fish, cut to 
 the size of the herring fry : mackerels are very ten- 
 der-mouthed. Wild Sports of the West. 
 
 Sand-eel fishing in Ireland. The sand-eel are 
 generally from four to nine inches in length, and 
 lie beneath the surface, seldom deeper than a foot. 
 The method of taking them is very simple ; it is 
 effected by passing a case-knife or sickle with a 
 blunted edge quickly through the sand, which 
 brings the fish to the surface, and, being luminous, 
 they are instantly taken. Besides being considered 
 a great delicacy, they are an admirable bait for 
 flat-fish. Wild Sports of the West. 
 
 Peculiarity in angling at Galway. The ang- 
 lers are obliged to flog the water, the few feet of 
 which they are fishing on, in the hope that some 
 fresh-run fish might be induced to look at the 
 well-dressed deceits playing on the streams. 
 
 Angler in Ireland. 
 
 Iceland Fishery. There is a great quantity of 
 fish taken on the coast of Iceland, of such fish as 
 are generally known, but of a most extraordinary 
 size. A flat fish was caught which weighed three 
 hundred-weight. The most singular fish here is 
 the sea- wolf, or, as the Icelanders name it, steen- 
 bit, that is to say, stone-eater, because, on open- 
 ing the fish, a number of small stones or gravel are 
 
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD. 187 
 
 always found in its inside. Cod-fish is their prin- 
 cipal merchandise, which they exchange for most 
 other goods they want ; they fish with line and hook, 
 and bait with raw flesh, or with the heart of a fish 
 just caught. TremarecVoyage in the North Sea. 
 
 Iceland Salmon Fishery. The salmon fishery 
 in Lax Elbe afforded an extraordinary gay scene 
 on the appointed day for catching the salmon, 
 which is a regular festival, when all Reskiavik, 
 and the country round far and near, assembled at 
 a particular spot, to which the fish had previously 
 been driven, and in such multitudes as would ex- 
 ceed belief. Nothing was to be seen but happy 
 faces among all ranks, men, women, and children, 
 of all ages and conditions ; and with regard to the 
 fish, the men and women had only to wade into 
 the pool, seize the fish in their arms, and heave 
 them out upon land, where others collected them 
 in wooden panniers, to be conveyed toReikiavik, 
 and there prepared for drying and salting. It was 
 not unusual to catch from two to three thousand 
 in one day. After this the fish were caught in a 
 more rational way, once or twice a week, accord- 
 ing to the demand ; the quantity of fish did not 
 appear to be diminished in this river ; it was still 
 a curious sight to see multitudes of large fish at 
 the foot of the falls in the river. A little way be- 
 low the falls, a kind of weir was formed of large 
 stones, and two or three wooden boxes, with open- 
 
188 FISHING AS PRACTISED IX 
 
 ings sufficient to let the fish pass through in going 
 up; and being narrowed at the other end, and 
 spiked in the form of a mouse-trap, the fish could 
 not possibly return ; four or five hundred are 
 caught weekly. Two anglers applied their lines, 
 with every variety of beautiful flies, but without 
 the least success. The trout, however, were not 
 so dainty ; several were hooked and landed. 
 
 Barrow's Iceland. 
 
 Fishing in Lapland. The water was very clear 
 at Hummerfest ; you may see every thing that 
 goes on amongst the fish. A few feet down you 
 will see the young cod snapping at your hook, if 
 you have one ; a little lower, the coal-fish and the 
 huge plaice and hallibut, on the white sand, at the 
 bottom. In other places, the star-fish, as large 
 as a plate, and purple and green shell fish, of all 
 sizes. The plaice is taken in the following man- 
 ner. In calm weather, the fisherman takes a 
 strong fine cord, to which he has fastened a heavy 
 spear-head, like a whale harpoon ; this he holds 
 ready over the bow of the boat, while another 
 person paddles it forward slowly ; when the fish 
 is seen at the bottom the boat is stopped, and the 
 harpoon is suddenly dropped upon him, and thus 
 the fish is caught. In two hours the fishermen 
 will get a boat load. The hallibut are caught with 
 hooks; they sometimes weigh five hundred Ibs., 
 and if drawn up carelessly, will overturn the boat. 
 
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD. 189 
 
 Finmark is the most northern part of Lapland ; 
 many hundred Russian vessels go there every year, 
 and give corn in exchange for fish. The above 
 account is by Mr. Brookes, published by S. Bell, 
 an American, from his Travels in the North of 
 Europe. 
 
 The Lath in Loch Fishing. This is composed 
 of a thin piece of board, about thirty inches long 
 and ten broad, shaped in the form of a boat, and 
 loaded below with a narrow strip of sheet lead. 
 This, when placed lengthwise in water, presents 
 an upright position, sinking to within a short dis- 
 tance of its top. Near the extremities of this board 
 are several holes, to which is attached a cross 
 band, or string, of cord, as to a paper kite. In 
 fact, the whole affair acts on the same principle. 
 To this cross band the line is fastened ; it is gene- 
 rally made of oiled silk, and very strong; along 
 it, at regular intervals, are hung a score or two of 
 fly-hooks, of all sizes, also baited with minnow 
 tackles, the whole occupying about thirty yards. 
 More line, however, is necessary, wound upon a 
 pirn, and held off the ground by a remarkably 
 stout rod. Two individuals are required to bring 
 this engine into action, one of whom holds the 
 rod, and the other, at the distance of the line 
 occupied by the tackle, sets the board adrift. The 
 former person, who stands also at the margin to 
 windward, then moves forward. The lath sails 
 
190 FISHING AS PRACTISED IN 
 
 out, with the whole train of flies, until almost at 
 right angles with the fisher ; still he proceeds, 
 keeping pace by this singular apparatus, which it 
 requires some degree of skill to manage. When 
 one fish is hooked, there is no necessity of draw- 
 ing it ashore immediately. 
 
 Stoddart's Scottish Angler. 
 
 Leistering Salmon. One who has not witnessed 
 it, will be surprised at the effect of a torch held 
 over a stream during a dark night. Without being 
 magical, it is astonishing; every pebble is re- 
 vealed, every fish rendered visible in places even 
 where the water is some fathoms deep. None of 
 these, however, occur in Yarrow ; in its most un- 
 fordable parts you will seldom meet with any very 
 profound or dangerous abysses. The leistering is 
 spearing salmon by torch light ; the fish are at- 
 tracted by the light. 
 
 Stoddart's Scottish Angler. 
 
 Native Fishing in the Massaroony. The pacou 
 with the hai-arry : the Indians select a part of the 
 falls where the weya (an aquatic vegetable eaten 
 by the pacou and other fish) is plentiful, they en- 
 close this place with a wall of loose stones, one 
 foot above the surface of the water, leaving spaces 
 for the fish to enter ; for these spaces they prepare 
 parrys, or wooden hurdles, and about two hours 
 
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD. 191 
 
 before day-break they proceed silently to stop 
 these openings with the hurdles ; the fish are thus 
 inclosed, and they commence beating it, and 
 shooting by bows and arrows. By this means 
 Mr. Hilhouse saw two hundred and seventy-two 
 pacou taken, each averaging seven Ibs., with one 
 hundred weight of other fish. Mirror, vol. xxv. 
 
 Malays Fishing Tackle Is made of cotton, 
 which is fine, hard, and strong, and is stiffened 
 by a gum, to keep out the water ; their hooks are 
 made of brass wire, and are barbed ; they bait 
 with shrimps ; their nets are made from the skin 
 of the leaf of a tree. 
 
 Oyster Fishing. At Port Mahon, in Minorca, 
 they fish for oysters in the following manner : 
 Two persons are engaged ; one strips, and fasten- 
 ing a hammer to his right hand, throws himself 
 into the sea, and dives sometimes ten or* twelve 
 fathoms to find the oysters ; by the help of his 
 hammer he loosens from the rocks as many as he 
 can bring up on his left arm ; then striking with 
 his foot, ascends to the surface of the water. His 
 companion takes his place, and performs the same 
 manoeuvre. In other parts where it is not so deep, 
 they take the oysters with long pincers, which are 
 put in motion by a cord fastened to one side of 
 the pincer. St. Sauveurs Travels. 
 
192 FISHING AS PRACTISED IN 
 
 Domesticated Fishing Otters. We passed a 
 row of no less than nine or ten fine otters, tethered 
 with straw collars and long strings to bamboo 
 stakes, on the banks of the Matta Colly. I was 
 told that most of the fishermen kept one or two 
 of these animals, who were almost as tame as 
 dogs, and of great use in fishing, sometimes driv- 
 ing the large shoals into their nets, or bringing 
 out the larger fish with their teeth ; it has always 
 been a fancy of mine that those creatures whom 
 we waste and persecute to death, might be made 
 sources of amusement and advantage to us. 
 
 Bishop Heber. 
 
 Catching Fish by Diving , peculiar to the Gulf 
 of Patrasso. The diver, with a rope made of a 
 species of long grass, moves his canoe to where 
 he perceives a rocky bottom. This done, he 
 throws his rope out to form a large circle, and 
 such is the timid nature of the fish, that it never 
 passes its barrier, but instantly descends and con- 
 ceals itself. The diver plunges downwards, and 
 seldom returns with less than four or five fish, 
 weighing from two to six pounds each ; the fish 
 greatly resembles the John Dory. 
 
 Blacquiere's Second Visit to Greece, vol. ii. 
 
 Method of Fishing in Polyneci, or Polynesia t 
 Fishing here is a general pursuit, many of the 
 
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD. 193 
 
 natives of Polynesia being fishermen by profession. 
 They are well acquainted with all the most known 
 modes of fishing ; the net, the spear, the hook, 
 the line, &c. &c. In no part of the world are 
 they excelled as fishermen, and the variety and 
 excellency of their apparatus is astonishing. Their 
 native hooks are made of wood, shell, or bone ; the 
 latter being extremely curious, and answering the 
 purpose of hook and bait. The method of using 
 them somewhat resembles fly-fishing, and shows 
 the ingenuity of these isolated people ; the shank 
 of the hook used in catching dolphins, albecornes, 
 and bonitos, is made with a piece of mother-of- 
 pearl shell, five or six inches in length, three 
 quarters wide, carefully cut and high polished, 
 so as to resemble the body of a fish ; on the con- 
 cave side a barb is fastened with a firm bandage, 
 the barb is an inch and a half in length, and is of 
 shell or bone ; to the lower part of this is the end 
 of a line securely fastened, and being banded 
 along the inner or concave part of the shell, is 
 again attached to the upper. These pearl shell 
 hooks are considered finer than any in Europe : 
 the line is fastened to the hook or bait, and at- 
 tached to a bamboo cane twelve or fifteen feet 
 long. Two or three persons then go out in a 
 light canoe, and when they perceive a shoal of the 
 above fish, the person angling throws the hook, 
 keeping the rod at such an elevation as to allow 
 the hook to touch the edge of the water ; when 
 o 
 
194 FISHING AS PRACTISED IN 
 
 the fish approach, the rowers ply their paddles, 
 and make the canoe fly rapidly along, the fisher- 
 man always keeping the hook skimming on the 
 top of the water, so as to resemble a flying fish, 
 the similarity to which being always increased by 
 a number of strong bristles attached to the end of 
 the shell, in imitation of the tail of the flying fish ; 
 the dolphin and bonito dart at it, and are soon 
 hooked. Two men will sometimes catch twenty 
 or thirty of these large fish in one forenoon ; 
 English hooks have been introduced, but still they 
 prefer their pearl hooks. 
 
 Chambers's Journal, No. 79. 
 
 Method of Catching Fish at Prince's Island. 
 The negroes have a singular method of catching 
 fish here, which is similar to the pilchard, (only 
 smaller), and the negroes are extremely fond of it. 
 They build a low wall of loose stones around a pool 
 just within low water mark ; this is completely 
 covered, of course, when the tide is up ; and when 
 the tide recedes, it leaves a number of the fry de- 
 tained in the trap. The pool, however, being 
 pretty large, and the fish nimble, it is impossible 
 to catch them with any kind of ease. The negroes 
 then take a plant similar to the blue garden lu- 
 pine, the leaves and stem of which they squeeze, 
 pressing out the juice, and stirring it in the water ; 
 this has a most extraordinary effect upon the 
 fish, although used only in a small quantity ; the 
 
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD. 195 
 
 fish suddenly become torpid, and are easily taken 
 by the hand. Leonard's Voyage to the Western 
 Coast of Africa. 
 
 Natives fishing at Porto Pray a. They fished 
 in boats ; their manner of catching the finny tribe 
 appeared to be novel ; they sprinkled something 
 on the water, like crumbs of bread, that attracted 
 the fish to the surface, in shoals ; the fishermen 
 then swept amongst them a stick, to which a num- 
 ber of short lines, with hooks, were attached, and 
 by the aid of this they usually brought up several 
 fish at a time ; some women were in the boat, who 
 were engaged in cleansing and salting the fish. 
 
 Bennett's Wanderings in New South Wales. 
 
 Fishing in the Straits ofSalamis. A night was 
 spent in fishing in these straits ; the method was, 
 sprinkling oil, to make the water pellucid, a 
 method also used by the ancients. See Pliny, 
 Plutarch, Franklin, &c. 
 
 Chandler s Travels in Greece. 
 
 Fishing with a Spade Lancashire. The won- 
 der of this county is, that about Wiggin men go 
 a-fishing with spades and mattocks, and find small 
 fishes in deadish water, under the surface. 
 
 Anglorum Speculum, p. 424. 
 
196 FISHING AS PRACTISED IN 
 
 Sicily. There is a destructive method of fish- 
 ing practised by the Sicilians in the Mediterranean 
 Sea. It is called the Balancella : two latined- 
 rigged vessels, with a fresh breeze, drag an im- 
 mense net, by means of hawsers ; which net draws 
 in every thing in its course. 
 
 Chambers' Journal, Nov. 10, 1832. 
 
 Bass Rock, near the Frith of Forth. Solan 
 Geese are the chief inhabitants of this rock. A 
 curious method is used by the fishermen of this 
 neighbourhood to catch them ; they take a small 
 wooden plank, which is sunk a little below the 
 surface of the sea, by means of a stone, or piece 
 of lead ; on this plank they fasten a herring, and 
 then drag the plank after them by a long rope at- 
 tached to the boat. The bird, attracted by the 
 sight of its favourite food, wheels two or three 
 times in the air, and then plunges down with such 
 rapidity, that it often transfixes the plank with its 
 bill, and is almost invariably stunned or killed 
 with the shock. 
 
 Penny Mag. No. 82, July, 1833. 
 
 Sole-Pritching. I was once present at sole- 
 pritching on the coast of Sussex. It can only be 
 followed when the sea is calm. My companion 
 had a very long harpoon, and discovered by prac- 
 tice what I could not the soles at the bottom ; 
 indeed their backs were the colour of the sand : 
 
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD. 197 
 
 he was so dexterous in the management of his im- 
 plement, that he rarely missed his aim. 
 
 Medwins Angler in Wales. 
 
 Angling in Surinam.- The negroes of Surinam 
 take their fish by implements which may be deno- 
 minated the spring hook and the spring basket ; 
 the first of which consists of a strong elastic rod 
 or pole stuck in the ground under water, and to 
 the other end of which are attached two lines of 
 unequal lengths, the shorter having fastened to it 
 a small stick ten inches long, and the other the 
 same, but fixed lower ; while at the extremity of 
 this line is hooked a small fish by the fins, in such 
 a manner, however, as to be able to swim to and 
 fro, and serve as a bait for the larger species. Two 
 long sticks being next placed in the ground, so as 
 to appear above water, a third stick is laid across, 
 forming them into the appearance of a gallows ; 
 above this gallows is bent and fixed the elastic 
 rod or pole, by means of the double line and 
 the sticks fixed thereon, as mentioned above, but 
 in such a manner that, at the least pull at the 
 bait, the apparatus gives way, the elastic rod in- 
 stantly assumes an upright position, and the fish 
 that occasioned the spring, by taking the bait, is 
 immediately suspended above water. The spring 
 basket is upon a similar construction. The bas- 
 ket is made of warimbo-reeds, in the form of a 
 sugar-loaf, in the small end of which the elastic 
 
198 FISHING AS PRACTISED IN 
 
 rod is fastened, while at the other end is an open 
 trap-door, the whole being supported in a proper 
 position by a forked stick. No sooner has a large 
 fish entered the basket, and taken the bait, than 
 the elastic rod, as in the former instance, erects 
 itself with a spring, the trap-door closes, and the 
 game is thus secured. In this mode of angling 
 there is, of course, no occasion to watch the line 
 as in the common method, when it frequently hap- 
 pens that the philosophic fisher displays no ordi- 
 nary degree of patience in calmly waiting for 
 hours, or perhaps for days, in expectation of a very 
 fine nibble at least, if not of a fierce bite. The 
 spring-hook, or spring-basket, if set at night, may 
 be conveniently examined the next morning, and 
 will seldom be found empty, unless fish be very 
 scarce. Annals of Sporting. 
 
 Fishing in Tonquin. One of the modes of 
 nocturnal fishing at Tonquin is to frighten the 
 fish by fires carried along the surface of the water, 
 and to attract them into boats by a painted board, 
 sloping downwards, on which they fall in terror, 
 into the vessel. Sprats are caught in quantities, 
 by sinking' a bed of large and tough leaves, and 
 pulling it up after a multitude of these small 
 fish have settled upon it. 
 
 Fishing on the Towyn Lake. In the album 
 at the Pennibont Inn, there appeared an account 
 
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD. 199 
 
 of the sport of three brother anglers, who killed 
 with the fly five hundred trout in one week. 
 
 Medwins Angler in Wales. 
 
 Fishing at Tunis. The fishing on the large 
 lake at Tunis is as follows : A floating platform 
 is towed astern of a boat, which rows about in 
 different directions ; the fish follow, and in their 
 gambols, jump upon it, and are caught by a boy, 
 placed there with a bucket ready to receive them. 
 
 Temple's Excursions in the Mediterranean. 
 
 Tunny Fishing. The catching of tunny fish 
 forms one of the principal articles of trade in 
 Sicily, and other parts of the Mediterranean, and 
 is one of the Sicilian amusements during the sum- 
 mer months; the curing and sending the fish to 
 foreign markets, forms also one of the greatest 
 branches of their commerce. These fish do not 
 appear in the Sicilian seas until the latter end of 
 May, at which time the Tonnaros (as they call 
 them) are prepared for their reception. This is a 
 kind of aquatic castle, formed at a great expense, 
 with strong nets fastened to the bottom of the sea 
 by anchors and heavy leaden weights. 
 
 These Tonnaros are erected in the passages and 
 islands frequented by the tunny fish ; with their 
 nets, they take care to exclude every entry into 
 these passages, but one, which is called the out- 
 ward gate ; this leads into the hall, they are then 
 
200 FISHING AS PRACTISED IN 
 
 driven to the second apartment, which they call 
 the saloon, the dining-room, &c. &c. the last is 
 termed the chamber of death ; each has a net door ; 
 the fishermen attack and kill them in their last 
 chamber with harpoons and spears, which renders 
 them desperate, and they dash about with great 
 force and agility. Brydones Tour through Sicily 
 and Malta. 
 
 Tunny. Tunnys in Sardinia weigh from one 
 hundred to a thousand pounds. Cetti asserts 
 that some weigh eighteen hundred pounds ; the 
 largest are always males. 
 
 Fishing in the Volga. The Volga is one of 
 the finest rivers in the world, where they use the 
 most ingenious expedients for catching fish ; many 
 of them are known to other countries, but a great 
 many are not known. They fish in winter by 
 hooks let down under the ice, baited with pieces 
 of fish ; their nets are of basket work, to take 
 large fish ; they also use hurdles, made with 
 rushes. The part of the river is divided into 
 parks, chambers, &c. &c. It appears a most 
 clever contrivance. 
 
 Pallas' Voyage, 4to. vol. i. p. 205. 
 
 Fishing for the Huso in the Volga. Profes- 
 sor Pallas gives a very interesting history of it. 
 These enormous fish are taken in the Volga and 
 
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD. 201 
 
 the Sciek, which discharge their waters in the 
 Caspian sea; and it seems wonderful that so wild a 
 people as the Tartars should show so much genius. 
 The huso enters the rivers to spawn earlier than 
 the sturgeon, generally about midwinter, when 
 the rivers are covered with ice. At this time the 
 natives construct dikes across the rivers in certain 
 parts with piles, leaving no interval that the huso 
 can pass through ; in the centre of the dike is an 
 angle opening to the current, which consequently 
 is an entering angle to the fish ascending the 
 stream ; at the summit of this angle is an open- 
 ing, which leads into a kind of chamber formed 
 with cord or osier hurdles, according to the sea- 
 son of the year. Above the opening is a kind of 
 scaffold, and a little cabin, where the fishermen 
 can retire, and warm themselves, or repose, when 
 not wanted abroad. 
 
 No sooner has the huso entered the chamber, 
 which is known by the motion of the water, than 
 the fishermen on the scaffold let fall a door, 
 which prevents its return to the sea; they then, 
 by means of ropes and pullies, lift the moveable 
 bottom of the chamber, and easily secure the fish. 
 Rev. W. Kirbys History, Habits, and Instincts 
 of Animals, vol. i. p. 108. 
 
NATURALIZATION OF FISH. 
 
NATURALIZATION OF FISH. 
 
 IF fish breathe indifferently in salt water or fresh, 
 (such water as cattle will drink) for one week, or 
 one month, and if in their new element they 
 thrive, fatten, and breed, the trial of three weeks, 
 or three months, is a proof that they will neither 
 sicken nor die of fresh water ; the experiment 
 seems to be clearly proved by Dr. M'Culloch, in 
 a space from four to six acres. 
 
 The Brill has grown to double its size in one 
 year. 
 
 Sole twice as thick. 
 
 Plaice three times as thick. 
 
 The Turbot from eight inches to double its 
 size, besides breeding. 
 
 The Basse has propagated. 
 
 The Red Mullet is living in good health. 
 
 The Whiting also increases in breadth and fat- 
 ness. 
 
 Grey Loach has bred considerably ; besides 
 various other fish, all improved in flavour. 
 
 Bacon originally speculated on the project of 
 sea fish in fresh water. He remarks, " that fish 
 
206 NATURALIZATION OF FISH. 
 
 used to the salt water, do nevertheless delight 
 much more in the fresh ; quoting the salmon and 
 the smelt, I doubt, he says, there hath not been 
 sufficient experiment made of putting sea fish 
 into fresh water ponds and pools ; it is a thing of 
 great use, for so you have them new at a great 
 distance; besides, fish will eat the pleasanter, 
 and may fall to breed : " such was the prophetic 
 eye of him who did not reject experiment. Why 
 is it rejected now? says Dr. M'Culloch. 
 
 Mr. Arnold, of Guernsey, has in his lake, of about 
 four acres, chiefly supplied with fresh water, many 
 sea fish ; all have improved in quality, and propa- 
 gated. The lake, which before was worthless, only 
 producing a few eels, now yields a large rent. The 
 bottom of the lake is various muddy, rocky, and 
 gravelly, and since the introduction of sea fish 
 the eels have multiplied a thousand fold ; a cart 
 load may be had of them. 
 
 List of fish introduced, (those marked f were 
 forcibly naturalized) : 
 
 Conger t Rock fish 
 
 Forsk t Cuckoo fish 
 
 Sprat -t Old Wife 
 
 Shad t Sole 
 
 Lampreys t Turbot 
 
 Stickleback Rockling 
 
NATURALIZATION OF FISH. 207 
 
 Cottus Quadricornus Whiting 
 
 Mullet Mackerel 
 
 f Plaice Herring 
 
 Flounder -f Pollack 
 
 White Whale Prawns 
 
 Cod Shrimps 
 
 Basse Crabbs 
 
 Loaches f Oysters 
 
 f Smelt f Muscles, 
 f Atherine 
 Dr. M'CullocTis Journal of Science, vol. xix. 
 
 Fish Preservers The far-famed Fish-pond of 
 Logan. This pond is unlike anything I ever met 
 with ; it was formed in 1800, at an expense of 
 several hundred pounds, and has furnished a whole- 
 sale article of food, fatter than can be found in 
 the open ocean. The pond, according to Mr. 
 Matheson, is thirty feet deep, and one hundred 
 and sixty in circumference. There is at the top 
 a wall of solid masonry, several feet high, encir- 
 cling the rock on every side ; it communicates 
 with the tide with one of those fissures so com- 
 mon on bold and precipitous shores. It is the 
 property of Colonel M* Dowal, of Logan. Attached 
 to the pond, and forming its gateway, is a neat 
 Gothic cottage for the fisherman ; and the rock is 
 surmounted by a stone-wall, grey with lichen, and 
 beautifully festooned with honeysuckle, bin-wood, 
 a nd other creeping plants. In every state of wind 
 
208 NATURALIZATION OF FISH. 
 
 and tide Colonel M'Dowai can command a limited 
 supply of the finest fish, and studies at his leisure 
 their instincts and habits. The fish are daily fed. 
 From the back-door, a stair, neatly cut, conducts 
 the visitor to the usual halting place ; a large flat 
 stone projects into the water, and commands a view 
 of every part of the aquatic prison. Fishes hear 
 as well as they see, and the moment the fisherman 
 crosses his threshold and descends the steps, the 
 pond is agitated by hundreds of fins, and other- 
 wise thrown into the greatest commotion ; darting 
 from this, that, and other corners, they move as it 
 were to the common centre, on the first view, to 
 be menacing an attack on the poor fisherman, in- 
 stead of the creel-full of limpets which he carries ; 
 the fish were actually so tame that they fed out of 
 their benefactor's hand. The fisherman discoursed 
 on their different tempers as a thing quite as pal- 
 pable as their different sizes. One gigantic cod, 
 the patriarch of the pond, which the fisherman 
 asserted, answered to his name Tom, most be- 
 seechingly, when he turned up his snout, and most 
 forcibly attracted my attention ; when, from old 
 age or disease, he became blind; from this cause 
 he lost all chance of scramble with the other fish 
 for food ; the fisherman was very kind to him, 
 patted his head, and fed him. The fish in this pond 
 were chiefly cod, haddocks, flounders, blochin, 
 glassin, salmon, and various other kinds. 
 
NATURALIZATION OF FISH* 209 
 
 Sir Francis Barnard (the Governor of New 
 England) had a pool which had no communica- 
 tion whatever with the sea ; several salt-water fish 
 had lived therein for many years, and were most 
 healthy. Phil. Trans. 1771. 
 
 It is not impossible that fresh-water fish might 
 be improved by stews of salt-water in a few weeks. 
 D. BarrinytonPhil. Trans. 1771. 
 
 Sea-water Basins. Mr. Arbuthnot, at Peter- 
 head, has excavated many large basins out of the 
 granite rock. These basins can be filled and 
 emptied at pleasure, by high tide and low ebb. 
 They are intended as a receptacle of sea fish for 
 the London markets ; the fishermen bring them in 
 great abundance, and feed them. As the waters 
 are clear, the movements of the fish can be easily 
 noticed, and afford great amusement from the 
 tameness of the fish following the proprietor. 
 
 In Berkshire there are some artificial lakes. 
 Loveden has one of thirty acres, and a fish-house 
 or cottage, in which are three stews, with covers 
 under lock and key. Many gentlemen have also 
 ponds let to tenants, that produce every third or 
 fourth year carp or tench : by retail, the price is 
 generally from \0d. to Is. per pound. 
 
 London's Encyclopaedia of Agriculture, 
 
210 NATURALIZATION OF FISH. 
 
 River Cod. In the Murimbidgee River abun- 
 dance of river cod were taken. 
 
 Bennetts Wanderings in New South Wales. 
 
 In the Isle of Osero, on the coast of Dalmatia, 
 there is a fresh-water lake inhabited by sea fish. 
 There is a salt lake at the Cape de Verde which 
 is inhabited promiscuously by marine and fresh- 
 water fishes. 
 
 A letter has been read from Mr. Meywell, of 
 Yarm, in Yorkshire, to the Wernerian Society, on 
 changing the habits of fishes. For four years past, 
 he kept the smelt or Sperling, salmo eperlaus, in a 
 fresh-water pond, having no communication with 
 the sea ; they thrive and breed freely. 
 
 Edin. Phil. Journal, vol. xiv. 
 
 There appears to be ponds connected with salt 
 water in the Sandwich Islands, belonging to the 
 Royal Family, in which there are a store of small 
 fish always to be obtained, mentioned by J. 
 Trembly, Esq. who accompanied Lord Byron to 
 the Pacific Ocean. ZoologicalJournal, No. xiv. 
 
 Artificial Salt Water Estuaries. A very sin- 
 gular and successful experiment has lately been 
 made in order to introduce sea fish into these estu- 
 aries. These, it seems, are hollowed out to a 
 considerable depth, and kept subject in a degree 
 to the influence and changes of the tide ; although 
 
NATURALIZATION OF FISH. 211 
 
 at its lowest ebb they still retain a large body of 
 water. In fact, their only connection with the 
 sea ys by a gulf, or strait, which, with the tides 
 therhselves, is formed alternately into an influx 
 and reflux current. Upon this gulf is placed a 
 wire grating, to prevent the escape of such fish as 
 the estuaries are stored with ; the cod, the had- 
 dock, ling, whiting, flounder, and even salmon, 
 along with many other salt water tribes, are thus 
 kept within reach at all seasons and in all weathers. 
 
 A very remarkable pond of this kind has ex- 
 isted for some years back at Portnessock, in Wig- 
 tonshire ; not only have fish been provided for, 
 but actually domesticated in it, so as to recognise 
 their keeper, and even take their food out of his 
 hand. 
 
 Also at Valleyfield, on the Firth or Forth, near 
 Culross, there is a salt water preserve, belonging 
 to Sir Robert Preston, in which are fed stores of 
 fish of various kinds ; turbot, brill, salmon trout, 
 cod, skate, flounder, smelt, sole, and herring, are 
 the most distinguished. The fish are fed with 
 offals, and broken shell fish. 
 
 Stoddart's Scottish Angler. 
 
 Cultivation of Fish. Mr. Bakewell, in his 
 Travels in the Tarentaise, suggests the idea of 
 introducing exotic fish ; he mentions some Swiss 
 species that he thinks would be valuable. 
 
212 NATURALIZATION OF FISH. 
 
 Importation of Fresh Water Fish. In the lake 
 of Annecy there is a fish which has accidentally 
 come into the lake by an overflow. It is called 
 Lotte, and was brought by a Savoyard gentleman 
 from Geneva to put into his reservoir near Annecy ; 
 the fish escaped, during an inundation , into the lake, 
 and are become very numerous ; they increased 
 so fast, as to stock the lake with this excellent 
 fish, which somewhat resembles the eel in flavour, 
 but is more delicate. Cuvier classes it with the 
 genus Gadus, but it is only a fresh water fish of 
 that genus ; it is two feet long, yellow, marbled 
 with brown, its head is a little depressed, its al- 
 most cylindrical body gives it a singular appear- 
 ance ; it has a very large liver. 
 
 This accident of the overflow may afford a 
 useful hint for the importation of some of the most 
 esteemed fresh water fish into our lakes and rivers, 
 where they no doubt would thrive and multiply. 
 BakewelVs Travels in the Tarentaise, fyc. vol. i. 
 p. 43. 
 
GENERAL ANECDOTES CONNECTED 
 WITH FISH AND FISHING. 
 
GENERAL ANECDOTES CONNECTED 
 WITH FISH AND FISHING. 
 
 Angling. The Fly -Fisher. After a long and 
 dreary winter, what ecstasy the first dawn of spring 
 gives to every being ! The winged inhabitants of 
 the woods proclaim their pleasure in various strains, 
 harmonious and harsh ; the mellow piping thrush 
 and croaking raven sound their happiness accord- 
 ing to nature's gifts. Amongst the different inha- 
 bitants of the earth, few greet the approach of 
 spring with greater fervour than the fly-fisher. 
 With what anxiety he watches every change that 
 seems favourable to his sport ! his inquisitive eye 
 examines every insect that bursts from its chrysalis 
 to gambol in the fleeting sunshine of a February 
 morning. He anxiously looks on floods, and 
 marks their retreat, day after day, with secret joy. 
 Then to his dubbing bag he hies, and culls from 
 this varied store what his judgment dictates to 
 form the luring fly. Hairs and furs of different 
 sorts, from the shaggy bear and sportive squirrel ; 
 from the mortared-wall, or the radiated corner of 
 
216 GENERAL ANECDOTES CONNECTED 
 
 a blanket ; from the faithful spaniel and the ge- 
 nerous cow ; from the fleet blue greyhound and 
 timid hare ; and all the varieties that can be ga- 
 thered from quadrupeds wild and domestic : fea- 
 thers from the watchful mallard and chattering 
 fieldfare ; from the wary landrail and mimic star- 
 ling; the splendid peacock's tail, and fierce cock's 
 hackle, red, black, and dun : with various coloured 
 silks rummaged from a lady's work-box; gold and 
 silver from muslin selvages or soldier's epaulettes : 
 these are the staple materials of the fly-fisher's 
 dubbing-bag. Hooks well barbed ; gut fine, round, 
 and strong; and, snug in leather, some of Crispin's 
 tenacious wax ; fine well-pointed scissors and nip- 
 ping forceps these in his quiet retreat he lays 
 before him ; then attentively applies his endless 
 store ; observes the changes of the barometer and 
 vane ; and lifts the half-made fly between his eye 
 and the light to note its hue. This he repeats, 
 until his book is well filled. He uncoils his lines, 
 examines his rod, and with pannier slung on his 
 shoulder sal lies forth to his beloved stream; then, 
 his pliant and well-tapered wand with graceful 
 throw lets fall the fly on a favourite ford, that 
 has yielded many a speckled trout and sportive 
 grayling. Anxiously he watches every curl the 
 limpid stream doth shew, until the bold fish an 
 effort makes to seize the deceitful bait ; then, with 
 pointed rod erect, and gentle stroke, the wrist's 
 firm duty makes the latent barb to secure the prey. 
 
WITH FISH AND FISHING. 217 
 
 Still, with steady eye and band, he humours every 
 struggle until the exhausted captive yields. W. S. 
 Sporting Magazine, N. S. vol. xxiii. p. 192. 
 
 During the month of February all fresh-water 
 fish move from their winter quarters ; and, in 
 rivers, jack, pike, carp, perch, chub, roach, dace, 
 gudgeons, pope, and minnows, will take a bait 
 freely. Angle for carp and chub in still deep 
 holes ; for roach, on the shallows and scourers, and 
 in gentle shallow eddies ; for dace, cast your baited 
 hook in the sharp currents, and also in the strong 
 eddies at the tail of water mills. Flounders, eels, 
 and bleak, begin to feed this month. Jack and 
 pike generally east their spawn in March ; but 
 after a very mild winter, they are (in the middle 
 of February) very full and unfit for the table, 
 the fair angler will, of course, discontinue trol- 
 ling for them ; indeed, such forbearance this 
 season is absolutely necessary, or little sport can 
 be expected during the next ; for though the win- 
 ter has been unusually open, and but few floods 
 have disturbed the rivers and brooks, yet the wa- 
 ter has been high and very foul for a considerable 
 time, which has enabled the poachers to practise 
 the destructive art of flueing and sedging more 
 frequently and extensively this winter, than we 
 remember for many years past. Jack and pike 
 are their principal objects, in pursuit of which, we 
 are sorry to say, they have been but too success- 
 
218 GENERAL ANECDOTES CONNECTED 
 
 ful. The angler may now begin to his trout tackle, 
 and get all right and in order, but yet by no means 
 to use it, or wet a line, this month ; but he may 
 lay night lines for eels in March, choosing dark 
 mild evenings when he lays them, and, unless the 
 night turns out very cold or frosty, the eels will 
 hasten and feed. 
 
 There is in the 238th number of Blackwood's 
 Edinburgh Magazine for August, 1835, under the 
 head of Anglimania (the passion for angling), an 
 excellent and highly humorous description of the 
 way in which Christopher North killed his first 
 salmon . The gratification derived from the diver- 
 sion of angling is shown to be not only perfectly 
 innocent, but greatly conducive to improve the 
 heart, and to render the mind more attentive to the 
 beauties of nature in general, and to the charms of 
 rural scenery in particular. Rumour ascribes this 
 ingenious article to Prof. Wilson, whom the Editor 
 begs leave to thank, in his own name, and in the 
 name of all ardent lovers of angling. 
 
 Audacity of a Fish. It happened one day, as 
 we were wading in calm water, among the coral 
 reefs of the Island of Guam, in search of mollus- 
 cous animals, we were assailed by a small cheto- 
 don, butting against us with the end of his snout, 
 as to defend the approach to the rock under which 
 it lodged, with many others of the same kind. 
 
WITH FISH AND FISHING. 219 
 
 We stretched out our hands towards it, against 
 which it butted in the same manner ; we drove it 
 away, but it returned again. 
 
 Quoyet Gaimard Zoologie du Voyage, p. 383. 
 
 Creeping Fish. The B len nies have fins of two 
 thick rays, separated like the claws of a bird, for 
 the purpose of enabling them to creep with faci- 
 lity between the spotted stones and fuci, which 
 are of the same hue as themselves, and prey upon 
 floating insects. Miss Roberts. 
 
 %* The hussar, another creeping fish, is no- 
 ticed elsewhere in this book* 
 
 Bosc often amused himself with a creeping fish 
 found by thousands in the fresh waters of Ca- 
 rolina, called swampine, which has the faculty 
 of living out of water, and by a peculiar instinct, 
 if put down, would immediately proceed to water, 
 though it could not see it. It travels by leaps. 
 During their migrations these fish furnish food for 
 birds and reptiles. 
 
 Another fish found by Daldorff, in Tranquebar, 
 not only creeps upon the shore, but climbs the 
 fan-palm, in pursuit of certain crustaceans, which 
 form its food. The structure of this fish particu- 
 larly suits it for the exercise of this remarkable 
 instinct : its body is lubricated with slime, which 
 facilitates its progress ; and its gillcovers are armed 
 with spines, which are used as hands, &c. &c. 
 
 Rev. W. Kirby. 
 
220 GENERAL ANECDOTES CONNECTED 
 
 Boots and Shoes made to resist Water. Smear 
 them over with wax and caoutchouk, even quan- 
 tities melted together ; a single dressing answers. 
 
 Charming Fish. The Indians at Hudson's Bay, 
 when they bait their hooks in angling, first sew a 
 composition of four, five, or six articles, round it, 
 by way of charm. The materials were really not 
 worth notice. Animal substances serve as baits 
 as well as charms. Every master of a family has 
 a bundle of such trash, which they always carry 
 about with them, summer and winter; and with- 
 out these articles few could be induced to put a 
 hook into the water, being fully persuaded they 
 may as well sit in their tent as angle without as- 
 sistance. This superstitious method of alluring is 
 not confined to the hook only, but to a new net. 
 
 Daniel. 
 
 Cats catching Fish. Many a time have I wit- 
 nessed puss (and a very pretty tortoise-shell puss 
 she was, and a great favourite with all) watching 
 at the brink of the pond for its finny inmates, 
 and darting on her prey in spite of the wetting 
 she encountered, and regaling on the delicious 
 fare. This sport she continued until her death. 
 So amused were we with her angling powers, that 
 we threw no obstacle in her way. 
 
 Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. iv. 
 
WITH FISH AND FISHING. 221 
 
 Currayh, or Irish Fishing Boat. I saw a 
 woman sitting in a curragh, fishing for codlings 
 and gunners, watching the hooker as she shot the 
 spillets ; this vessel was composed of a few slight 
 hoops secured together with cords, and overlaid 
 by a covering of canvass, rendered waterproof by a 
 coating of tar and tallow ; the machine was so 
 unsubstantial that it might be carried by a school- 
 boy ; it scarcely rested on the surface of the sea, 
 and yet the young islander sate in perfect security 
 in this frail vessel, a couple of handlines coiled at 
 her feet, and the bottom of the curragh was over- 
 spread with the produce of her fishery. 
 
 Wild Sports of the West. 
 
 Chub and Trout. A friend of mine angling 
 with a fly some time since, in Worcestershire, 
 hooked a chub which weighed two pounds and a 
 half; at the same moment a trout, about half a 
 pound, took the drop fly, and was soon exhausted, 
 while the chub, from its size and strength, kept 
 the line so tight as to suspend the trout in the 
 air for near a quarter of an hour ; but the lucky 
 angler brought them both safe to land. 
 
 Sporting Mag. N. S. vol. ii. 
 
 Duck and Trout. As a gentleman was ang- 
 ling in the Mill Dam below Winchester, he acci- 
 dentally threw his line across a strong white duck, 
 which suddenly turning round, twisted the gut 
 
222 GENERAL ANECDOTES CONNECTED 
 
 about her own neck, and fixed the hook of the 
 dropper fly in her own breast. Thus entangled 
 and hooked, she soon broke off the gut above the 
 dropper, and sailed down the stream, with the 
 end of the fly trailing behind her ; she had not 
 proceeded far before a trout, of about a pound 
 and a half, took the fly effectually. Then com- 
 menced a struggle as extraordinary as ever was 
 witnessed ; a duck at the dropper, and a large 
 trout at the end of the fly ! Whenever the trout 
 exerted itself; the terrors of the duck were very 
 conspicuous ; it fluttered its wings, and dragged 
 the fish. When the trout was more quiet, the 
 duck evidently gave way, and suffered herself to 
 be drawn under some bushes, where the shortness 
 of the gut did not allow the trout to shelter him- 
 self; the duck's head was frequently drawn under 
 water. By chance, however, the gut got across a 
 branch, which hung downwards into the water, 
 and the duck taking advantage of the purchase 
 which this c gave her, dragged her opponent from 
 his hole, and obliged him to show his head above 
 water. Then it became a contest of life and death, 
 the trout was in its last agonies, and the duck 
 evidently in a very weak state, when the gut 
 broke, and suffered them to depart their own way. 
 Sporting Mag. vol. xlviii. 
 
 The Chinese have a fish which is much es- 
 teemed by them, named Tcho-kia-yu, or in French 
 
WITH FISH AND FISHING. 223 
 
 VEncuirasse, it is so named from its sharp scales 
 ranged in straight lines, similar to the tiles on the 
 roof of a house. The flesh of this fish is very 
 white, and its taste similar to veal ; it weighs 
 commonly about forty pounds. 
 
 In mild weather the Chinese fish for another 
 sort of fish, which, from its whiteness, they call 
 flour-fish ; it is most remarkable for its black 
 eyes, which seem surrounded by two circles of 
 brilliant gold ; it is taken in great numbers, as 
 many as four hundred pounds at a time. 
 
 The province of Tchekeang abound in a fresh 
 fish similar to ling, which is consumed in great 
 numbers, and salted the same as herrings ; it is 
 thus preserved and transported into the farthest 
 provinces of the empire. 
 
 Docility of Fish. Mr. Stowe, of Lexden, Es- 
 sex, had fish ponds in which he kept carp and 
 tench, and which he fed regularly with bread and 
 milk, the fish coming to the sides of the pond to 
 his call, and feeding out of his hands ; he also 
 took them up in his hand. 
 
 Sporting Magazine, vol. vii. N. S. 
 
 Double Fish. A pair of cat-fish, a species of 
 Siluris, were taken alive in a shrimp net at the 
 mouth of Cape Fear river, near Fort Johnson, 
 N. C. in August, 1833, and presented to Professor 
 Silliman. One of them is three and a half, and 
 
224 GENERAL ANECDOTES CONNECTED 
 
 the other two and a half inches long, including 
 the tail; the smallest emaciated and of sickly 
 appearance. They are connected, in the manner 
 of the Siamese twins, by the skin at the breast, 
 which is marked by a dark streak at the line of 
 union. The texture and colour, otherwise, of the 
 skin is the same as the belly ; the mouth, viscera, 
 &c. were entire and perfect in each fish, but, on 
 withdrawing the entrails through an incision made 
 on one side of the abdomen, the connecting in- 
 tegument was found to be hollow. When the 
 largest fish was in his natural position, the small 
 one could, by the length and pliancy of the skin, 
 swim nearly in the same position ; their sex was 
 not ascertained, American Journal of Arts, 
 April, 1834, in which a plate may be seen of this 
 fish. 
 
 One-eyed Fish. Many of the lakes in Caer- 
 narvonshire abound with fish, of which some are 
 peculiar to Alpine waters, and others noted for 
 extraordinary conformation. Lyn y cwn, or the 
 dog's pool, which is considered the highest among 
 these mountains, contains three sorts of fish, 
 eels, trout, and perch, all of which have only one 
 eye, the left being wanting. Geraldus also men- 
 tions, that in two places in Scotland, one near 
 the eastern, and the other near the western sea, 
 mullets are found to have the same defect. 
 
 Daniel's Rural Sports, Supplement. 
 
WITH FISH AND FISHING. 225 
 
 Anableps, or Four-eyed Fish. The most sin- 
 gular eye of fish is that of the anableps, a vivi- 
 parous fish, inhabiting the rivers of Surinam, and 
 called by the natives the four-eyed fish. If the 
 cornea of this eye be examined attentively, it will 
 be found that it is divided in two equal portions, 
 each forming part of an individual sphere, placed 
 one above, and the other below, and united by a 
 little narrow membranous, but not diaphonous, 
 band, which is nearly horizontal when the fish is 
 in its natural position ; if the lower portion be 
 examined, a rather large iris and pupil will be 
 seen, with a crystalline humour under it, and a 
 similar one with a still larger pupil in the upper 
 portion, if we may conjecture, this enables the 
 animal to see near and distant objects at the same 
 time, the little worms below for its food, and to 
 guard against the great fishes above. 
 
 Rev.W.Kirby. 
 
 In some of the rivers in Guiana, there is found 
 a curious fish, about the size of a smelt, which has 
 four eyes, two on each side, placed one above the 
 other ; when swimming it keeps two eyes above, 
 and two below the surface. Mirror, vol. xxv. 
 
 Fish in a Glass Bowl. Mr. W. Aderon re- 
 commends persons who are amused with the evo- 
 lutions of fish in a bowl, to try small fish of prey, 
 as affording most amusement; it also becomes 
 Q 
 
226 GENERAL ANECDOTES CONNECTED 
 
 soonest tamed, will even eat out of the hand, in 
 consequence of this kind of fish being obliged to be 
 often fed with live baits, such as worms, &c. &c. 
 Phil. Trans, vol. xliv. 
 
 Fish killed by Heat. The excessive heat of 
 July, 1750, caused the fish in the Thames to 
 gather in shoals to the bank side, and to bury 
 themselves in the ooze and mud ; they were easily 
 taken in great quantities. Loads of fish also 
 perished in the fens of Cambridgeshire ; one per- 
 son lost 300Z. by the death of jack or pike. 
 
 Ichthyophagi, or Fish-Eaters. This denomi- 
 nation, which frequently occurs in Herodotus, and 
 other ancient authors, was applied to such nations 
 as lived partly on fish, and probably intended as 
 a mark of contempt, or to express their mode of 
 subsistence. Quin thought differently of fish diet, 
 as well as many others who have invented very 
 savoury sauces, which bear their names to this 
 time. See in this book, under the head " Eel," 
 from Spallanzani, that consumptive persons have 
 been cured by fish diet. Editor. 
 
 Diodorus mentions a race of men that lived 
 near the strait which joins the Indian Ocean to 
 the Red Sea, who were fish eaters; they were 
 naked, and lived entirely on catching and eating 
 fish ; they also went up the country in large com- 
 panies, to drink fresh water. 
 
WITH FISH AND FISHING. 227 
 
 Extraordinary Fish Dinner, given by the Em- 
 peror at Moscow to Macarius. 
 
 At the entertainment which ensued, there were 
 fish of every kind, boiled and roasted, and many 
 kinds of it fried in paste, with stuffing, so varied, 
 that we ourselves never saw any thing equal to 
 it. There were also several kinds offish, pounded 
 after the bones had been removed, and moulded 
 into the shapes of ducks and fowls, roasted and 
 fried. Macarius s Travels. 
 
 Fishing Extraordinary. On Monday evening 
 last, the Duke of Buccleuch, after a day's hunt, 
 killed, within an hour, in the pool close by Mon- 
 teviot, three salmon, two perches, and a pike of 
 fourteen pounds, with a single gut line. Besides 
 those secured, his Grace ran several other salmon, 
 and another large pike ; and one of the most re- 
 markable points of the fishing adventure, was the 
 recovery of a hook and line, in the mouth of a 
 kelt of eight pounds weight, which again took the 
 hook after having broken away from the first 
 take. As a suitable termination of such sport, 
 his Grace, at night, speared twelve fish in the 
 same pool. Sunday Times, April 26, 1835. 
 
 The Flounder. The flounder is only found in 
 rivers where the tide flows, and when you are 
 angling for eels in these parts, you are as likely 
 to catch flounders. They are caught in the creeks 
 connected with the Thames below bridge. In the 
 
223 GENERAL ANECDOTES CONNECTED 
 
 Trent they are taken in considerable quantities, and 
 of good weight, some a pound each. The hooks 
 are baited with a lob-worm ; and one flounder 
 taken with a minnow weighed twenty-three ounces. 
 Pickering's Edition of Walton. 
 
 Mr. Pennant says, there are few lakes in Eng- 
 land that produce this fish. It is found in Wi- 
 nander Mere, and Llyn Quellyn, near Snowdon. 
 
 Fisherman or Angler. In all ages the respect 
 due to the fisherman has swelled the songs of the 
 poets, and his quiet and happiness held up as 
 blessings to the multitude. Reclused from the 
 bustle of society, he is seldom subject to its incon- 
 veniences; and as his wants are but few, the 
 gratification of them is generally obtained without 
 the pangs that wait on luxury and dissipation ; 
 health is his handmaid by day, and at eve spreads 
 his bed with roses. Sporting Mag. vol. xlvii. 
 
 Gold and Silver Fish. The best water to breed 
 them in is still spring ponds, the more weeds the 
 better ; no occasion to separate them, as they 
 frequently change colour, and the greatest pro- 
 portion bred from them will be invariably brown. 
 Sporting Mag. N. S. vol. lii. 
 
 Boy swallowing a Fish Hook. A boy having 
 swallowed a fish hook, endeavoured to pull it with 
 the line, but without effect, as it was fast. Sur- 
 geons could give him no assistance, until making 
 
WITH FISH AND FISHING. 229 
 
 a small hole in a leaden bullet, the line being- 
 put through it, he swallowed it, which running 
 down the line, by its weight loosened the hook 
 from its hold, which was then drawn up with 
 ease. Gent. Mag. 1738, p. 380. 
 
 The Scales of Fish are beautiful objects for 
 the microscope ; those of the roach are inserted 
 half way into the skin, and are transparent. 
 Fishermen assert that they at one time sold the 
 scales of roach and dace at 185. the pint, and 
 bleak as high as 205. the pint ; the scales of the 
 eel are very small. Mirror, vol. xxv. 
 
 Scales denoting the Age of Fish. Lewenhoeck 
 observes, that from carefully examining the scales 
 of fish through a high magnifier, you may easily 
 ascertain its age, from the first scale to the last, 
 which are never shed. 
 
 t. What Mr. Stoddart, in his Scottish 
 Angler, says, on the subject of gut, deserves at- 
 tention. This article, now brought from Spain 
 and Italy, is fabricated from the male silk-worm, 
 in a state of decomposition, from the gluey sub- 
 stance which composes its entrails ; worm gut 
 varies in length, from nearly two feet, and down- 
 wards. Animal gut is found to be the best for 
 angling, (though there are similar materials formed 
 from the heron's leg, bird's, &c. &c.) It ought 
 to be small, round, and transparent, without any 
 
230 GENERAL ANECDOTES CONNECTED 
 
 flaw or roughness. When worn or disordered, a 
 little India rubber will renovate it ; when you 
 make knots, do not cut the end too close. Gut, 
 to keep well, should be moistened with fine oil, 
 and kept in oil paper. 
 
 Hot Wells, Reikiavik, Iceland. Of the trouts 
 it has been observed, that when they come up the 
 rivers and brooks, and approach the hot springs, 
 they are fond of staying in the lukewarm water, 
 where they grow so fat as to be scarcely eatable. 
 Eels die when they approach the heated streams. 
 
 Barrow's Iceland. 
 
 Horses fed on Fish. The horses, in Iceland, 
 are fed in winter with fishes* heads and bones,, 
 chopped up with a little hay, and boiled altogether 
 in water. Barrow's Iceland. 
 
 Hampshire. A very few years since, sea fish 
 were so plentiful in this county, that oysters sold 
 for three halfpence a hundred, prawns sixpence, 
 mackerel fourpence per dozen, and whiting two- 
 pence. 
 
 Hooks. The hook used in Scotland by Mr. 
 Stoddart, and which he prefers, is Kendal circular 
 bend. It is of much lighter make than the Lime- 
 rick, and its shape in the smaller sizes more suit- 
 able for hooking trout. The Limerick hooks are 
 
WITH FISH AND FISHING. 231 
 
 denoted by letters with A. The Kendal are by 
 figures, to 20. 
 
 Hints to Anglers. Fish with face towards the 
 sun, and you will be more certain of sport, as you 
 frighten the fish by the shadow of your rods and 
 bodies on the water, and get no sport, by your 
 back to the sun. Salmonia. 
 
 The Huso. This fish is only found in the Cas- 
 pian and Black Seas, and the Don and the Volga, 
 and other rivers that flow into them. It is stated 
 to be much larger than the sturgeon. Pallas de- 
 scribes one that weighed two thousand eight hun- 
 dred pounds, which was conjectured to be near 
 forty feet long. Its ordinary length is stated to 
 be twenty- five feet. The number of this species 
 far exceed those of the sturgeon. The caviar is 
 usually made of its spawn, which is nearly a third 
 in weight to the whole fish, from whence we may 
 conjecture the infinite number of eggs it contains. 
 
 At the last meeting of the Medico Botanical 
 Society, Dr. Hancock read a paper on a plant 
 called comiparu by the natives of Guiana. It is 
 used to intoxicate fish, so as to enable the fisher 
 to catch them by the hand. It flowers at all sea- 
 sons of the year ; the flowers are small and white, 
 always covered with leaves. 
 
 New Monthly Mag. June, 1835. 
 
232 GENERAL ANECDOTES CONNECTED 
 
 The Migration of fishes is one of the most valu- 
 able gifts of the Creator to his creature man, by 
 which thousands and thousands support themselves 
 and their families, and which at certain seasons 
 form the food of millions. If we give the subject 
 of migration due consideration, and reflect what 
 would be the consequence if no animals ever 
 changed their quarters, consulting not only man's 
 sustenance, and the gratification of his palate, by 
 multiplying and varying his food, but also that of 
 his other senses, by the beauty, motions, and mu- 
 sic of the animals that are his summer or winter 
 visitors : did the nightingale forsake our groves ; 
 the swallow our houses and gardens; the cod-fish, 
 mackerel, salmon, and herring, our seas ; and all 
 the other animals that visit us ; how vast would 
 be the abstraction and comfort of our lives ! By 
 means of these migrations the profits and enjoy- 
 ments derivable from the animal creation are more 
 equally divided ; at one season visiting the south, 
 and enlivening the winter at another adding to 
 the vernal and summer delights of the inhabitants 
 of the north, and making up to him for the priva- 
 tions of the winter. What can more strongly 
 mark the design and the intention of an all-power- 
 ful arid all-wise beneficent Being, than that such a 
 variety of animals should be so organized and cir- 
 cumstanced as to be directed annually, by some 
 pressing want, to seek distant climates, and after 
 a certain period to return again to their former 
 
AVITH FISH AND FISHING. 233 
 
 quarters ; and that this instinct should be of so 
 much good to mankind, and that it should be ne- 
 cessary for the propagation of their species ! Rev. 
 W. Kirby, on the History, Habits, and Instincts 
 of Animals. 
 
 Miscellaneous Extracts from Mr. Jesse's va- 
 luable and entertaining Gleanings in Natural 
 History. "The perch is the boldest and most 
 familiar of any of the fish. I found no difficulty 
 in getting them to come with eagerness, and take 
 a worm out of my hand. The barbel were the 
 shyest; when not seen, they would show consider- 
 able playfulness. The trout appeared to bear their 
 confinement with less philosophy than any of the 
 others. The chub were also very restless, being 
 continually on the move, but they never could re- 
 rist a cockchafer when thrown to them. Floun- 
 ders moved at night. Eels always made their 
 escape ; they had no other way than crawling up 
 the brickwork. The carp and tench were soon 
 reconciled to their situation. The pike, of which 
 I had eight, about five pounds each, kept up their 
 character for voracity. Out of eight hundred 
 gudgeons counted into the reservoir, there was 
 scarce any to be seen at the end of three weeks. 
 I should mention that three large barbel, and six 
 good-sized perch, probably partook of them. But 
 of all my fish, the bleak were the most amusing 
 and playful. Fish have the power of hearing the 
 
234 GENERAL ANECDOTES CONNECTED 
 
 firing of a gun ; they have also the sense of smell- 
 ing, by preferring paste and worms that had been 
 prepared with different perfumes ; they have also 
 curiosity and affection." For further information, 
 the account which Mr. Jesse gives of his Piscato- 
 rium, is, like his work, uncommonly amusing. 
 
 Fishes that swim and take their food near the 
 surface, die soon when taken out of the water, as 
 trout, dace, mackerel, and herrings ; on the con- 
 trary, those fishes that swim and feed near the 
 bottom are all tenacious of life, and continue to 
 exist for many hours after their removal from the 
 water, such as carp, tench, eels, and all flat fish. 
 Jesse's Gleanings, second series. 
 
 Newfoundland Dog and Pike. Extraordinary 
 circumstance. On Monday, April 10th, as Mr. 
 Miles of Southfield, near Malmsbury, was walking 
 by the side of the river, with a favourite Newfound- 
 land dog, the animal jumped in, and caught a fine 
 pike weighing three pounds. 
 
 Sporting Mag. N. S. 1820. 
 
 Otter caught by Line and Hook. Mr. John 
 Wane, of Penrith, fishing with bait in theEamont, 
 at a place called Udford, caught a young otter, 
 and, after much difficulty, succeeded in taking it 
 alive. Whilst he was taking the young one out of 
 the river, two old ones made their appearance and 
 
WITH FISH AND FISHING. 235 
 
 had nearly succeeded in rescuing it. Mr. Wane 
 is an excellent line-fisher. Sport. Mag. vol. xlvi. 
 
 Owl caught by Angling. We ourselves once 
 caught an owl, not with the fly, nor the worm, 
 nor the minnow, but with the live mouse. As soon 
 as he felt himself hooked, he sailed away to 
 Josey's barn, .in at a hole, and on to a balk; but 
 after a desperate struggle, and with the aid of a 
 terrier, we captured him on the hay mow, had him 
 stuffed, and he is now in the museum of our Uni- 
 versity. 
 
 Blackwood'sEdin. Mag. July, 1835, p. 122. 
 
 Pike and Carp. As some gentlemen were fish- 
 ing in the great pool belonging to Mr. Finch, in 
 his park near Estree, Herts, they drew up a pike, 
 of a very large size, which they opened, finding it 
 much swelled, and discovered in the stomach a 
 carp, the weight of which was eight pounds and a 
 half; the pike without the carp weighed thirty-six 
 pounds. Sporting Mag. vol. xlvi. 
 
 Pike destroyed by Tadpoles. Twenty brace of 
 pikes, from nine to three pounds, were taken out 
 of a large piece of water, to supply a large stew ; in 
 about a month they were seized on their backs by 
 tadpoles, scaled, and flesh eaten from them ; they 
 were seen in this state at the top of the water ; they 
 were all taken out, but died. 
 
 Sporting Mag. vol. iv. N. S. 
 
236 GENERAL ANECDOTES CONNECTED 
 
 To make Fish Luminous. Take a piece of 
 herring, of three drams, put it into eight ounces 
 of oxigen gas. Mackerel also has the same effect 
 in making fish luminous. Nicholsons Journal. 
 
 Fishes destroyed by Mephitic Vapour. In the 
 neighbourhood of Vesuvius, several hundred weight 
 of fish having been observed at Resina, in great 
 agitation on the surface of the sea, near some 
 rocks of an ancient lava that had run into the 
 sea, some fishermen surrounded and took them, 
 and found them stunned by the mephitic vapour. 
 Gallery of Nature and Art, vol. i. 
 
 Fine Paintings of Fish. In Fishmongers' 
 Hall there are eight capital paintings, represent- 
 ing one hundred fishes, such as are offered for 
 sale at the London markets ; also the time in 
 which they are in season. 
 
 Piscatorial Celebration. In looking over a 
 New York paper, I found the piscatorial celebra- 
 tion mentioned of the Cincinnati Angling Club, 
 with their president, vice-president, secretary, and 
 twenty-five members. About twelve or fifteen 
 met the day before, and angled for a day and a 
 half with capital success, having caught within 
 that time three hundred and fifty-three bass and 
 salmon, some very large. They spent a very 
 pleasant day, and amongst their toasts they gave 
 
WITH FISH AND FISHING. 237 
 
 " The Memory of Isaac Walton and Charles Cot- 
 ton." The members of the Pitsburgh Angling 
 Club, the Schuylkill Fishing Company, are still 
 flourishing in full vigour, at the advanced age of 
 ninety-eight years. It appears from these state- 
 ments that there are angling clubs formed in seve- 
 ral parts of North America. Editor. 
 
 Protection of the Ocean Tribe. In order to 
 protect a number of the ocean tribes from the 
 prying eyes of their enemies, or perhaps to assist 
 them in seizing their prey, the Creator has as- 
 signed them a style of colour exactly according 
 with the sands or seaweeds among which they har- 
 bour. Miss Roberts's Sea-side Companion. 
 
 Rat caught by Line and Hook. May 27th, 
 1816 : As Mr. Josiah Carter, late vicar of Salis- 
 bury Cathedral, was fishing in the Itchen stream, 
 for trout, he caught a large male rat, which mea- 
 sured, from nose to tail, eighteen inches, and 
 weighed five pounds and a half. 
 
 Sporting Mag. June, 1816. 
 
 Retreat of the Natives of the Ocean. The 
 bed of the surrounding ocean is most admirably 
 adapted for the retreat and preservation of the 
 natives of the deep. Instead of a level and sandy 
 bottom, liable to be disturbed by the storms of 
 the northern region, it consists of deep valleys and 
 
238 GENERAL ANECDOTES CONNECTED 
 
 lofty mountains, provided with abundance of ma- 
 rine plants, where the watery nations rest securely 
 during the most tempestuous seasons, waiting till 
 the return of spring invites them to their summer 
 haunts. Miss Roberts' s Sea-side Companion. 
 
 Similitude between Fish and Birds. The fish 
 may be said to fly in the water, and the bird to 
 swim in the air ; but perhaps the movements of 
 the aquatic animal, from its greater flexibility, are 
 more graceful and elegant than those of the aerial. 
 The feathers of the one are analogous to the 
 scales of the other, the wings to the pectoral fins, 
 and the tail acts to both the part of a rudder. 
 
 Rev. W. Kirby. 
 
 Smell in Fish. La Cepidd says that the srnell 
 of fish is the most acute of all the senses, and it 
 may be called the real eye of the fish, since by it 
 they can discover their prey or their enemies at an 
 immense distance ; they are directed by it in the 
 thickest darkness, and the most agitated waves 
 the organs of this sense are between the eyes. 
 
 Sea Gulls caught with a Hook. Col. Mac- 
 donald, of Powderhall, near Glenshee, fishing for 
 trout, in a boat, caught a score of sea gulls with 
 his tackle. 
 
WITH FISH AND FISHING. 239 
 
 Superstition of Montrose Fishermen. As a 
 number of Ferryden and water-side boats were 
 engaged in their useful employment of fishing off 
 Montrose, a large salmon leaped into one of the 
 boats, just as the crew were prepared to throw 
 their lines. The superstition of our fishermen is 
 proverbial, but in this instance it was rather singular, 
 for on the appearance of the fish, they devoutly 
 closed their labours, and sailed home, certain 
 that if they dared to take a fish that day, they 
 would never catch another. 
 
 Montrose Review, Feb. 1820. 
 
 Salmon Roe, how dressed for Bait. Procure 
 some pounds of the freshest fish ; notice that it 
 be red and firm, take off the membrane and 
 broken parts, wash the spawn in lukewarm milk 
 and water, carefully separating the individual 
 particles ; beat together three parts of fine salt 
 and of saltpetre, and rub the whole carefully with 
 the mixture, in the proportion of an ounce and a 
 quarter to a pound of roe. Spread it, thus pre- 
 pared, over a flannel cloth, until quite dry and 
 tough ; then stow it in pots, and run the top over 
 with lard, to exclude the air. In making paste, 
 parboil the roe, salting it with the same mixture 
 as described. Stoddarfs Scottish Angler. 
 
 Sparrow Hawk caught by Hook and Line. 
 On Thursday, April, 1821, as a man of the name 
 
240 GENERAL ANECDOTES CONNECTED 
 
 of Roberts was angling in the river Eden, below 
 Ann's hill, he caught a sparrow hawk thus ; he 
 had hooked a brandling, and as soon as he threw 
 it out of the water, a hawk that had been hover- 
 ing about, darted upon the fish, seized it, and 
 flew aloft. The hook, however, became fixed 
 under the wing of the bird, and when the whole 
 of the fisherman's line had been drawn off the 
 wheel (above forty yards), the soaring of the 
 feathered plunderer was checked, after a short 
 excursion round the head of the astonished angler. 
 
 Snipe have been taken, whilst angling for trout, 
 with a meggat foot. 
 
 St. Ronan's, or Border Club, adds angling to 
 its other amusements, and gives, every season, a 
 medal, in the month of April, for the largest 
 salmon caught by angling. 
 
 A gentleman fishing in Lunan this month, May, 
 had occasion to cross the stream, and, carrying 
 the rod over his shoulder, a brisk breeze carried 
 out the spare line, with fly-hooks at it, a swallow 
 mistook the hook for a real fly, and snapping it, 
 was made fast ; it was soon released. 
 
 Montr ose Review. 
 
 Swallows have been caught by the hook with 
 artificial midge flies. 
 
WITH FISH AND FISHING. 241 
 
 Average Price of Fish at Billingsgate in 1804. 
 
 Plaice 1 \d. to 2e?. 
 
 Soles 5d. per Ib. 
 
 Cod 6d. per Ib. 
 
 Ling 5s. each. 
 
 Haddock 3s. or 4s. per basket of 24 
 
 fish. 
 
 Mullet 2s. 
 
 Doree 2s, 
 
 Turbot, small 3s. to 5s. 
 
 Mackerel 30s. to 70s. per 100. 
 
 Gurnard 4s. to 5s. per basket of 24 
 
 fish. 
 
 Whiting 2d. to 3d. each. 
 
 Herrings 4s. per 100. 
 
 Oysters 12s. per bushel. 
 
 Eels 4d. to 6d. per Ib. 
 
 Hallibut 10s. to 20s. each. 
 
 Salmon Is. 6c?. per Ib. 
 
 Smelts 2s. 6^. per 100. 
 
 Roach 2s. to 3s. per 100. 
 
 Pike Is. per Ib. 
 
 Perch 2s. 6d. per Ib. 
 
 Carp Is. per Ib. 
 
 Tench Is. 6d. per Ib, 
 
242 GENERAL ANECDOTES CONNECTED 
 
 Edward I. condescended in his reign tojix the 
 following Prices to Fish. 
 
 Plaice IJd. 
 
 Soles 3d. per doz. 
 
 Cod or Ling 3d. 
 
 Haddock <2d. 
 
 Barkey 4d. 
 
 Mullet U. 
 
 Doree 5d. 
 
 Conger Is. 
 
 Turbot 6d. 
 
 Mackerel in Lent Id. 
 
 out of Lent \d. 
 
 Gurnard Id. 
 
 Whitings Id. 
 
 Herrings, pickled 20 for Id. 
 
 Herrings, fresh 6 for Id. 
 
 after Michaelmas. 12 for Id. 
 
 Lamprey Ad. 
 
 Oysters %d. per gal. 
 
 Best Sea Hog, Porpoises .. 65. 8 d. 
 Eels, per strike, quarter of 
 
 a hundred 2d. 
 
 Salmon 5s. 
 
 Smelts, per 100 Id. 
 
 Roach Id. 
 
 Pike . , .65. Bd. 
 
WITH FISH AND FISHING. 243 
 
 Seals were eaten in those days. If the increased 
 expenses of provisions, cordage, bait, men's wages, 
 &c. &c. are taken into consideration, the difference 
 in price will not be found so great. 
 
 Fish condemned at Billingsgate. The total 
 number of fish condemned as unfit for food, within 
 the last three years, ending in 1833, viz. salmon, 
 cod, turbot, herrings, mackerel, lobsters, &c. was 
 492,538 ; in addition to this number, there were 
 seized and condemned 3,525 bushels of sprats and 
 shell-fish, and 126 kits of pickled salmon. 
 
 Mirror, vol. xxv. 
 
 Shower of Fishes. On Wednesday before Eas- 
 ter, 1666, a pasture field at Cranstead, near 
 Wrotham, Kent, of about two acres, which is very 
 far from the sea, and where there is no fish-pond, 
 was all overspread with little fishes, conceived to 
 be rained down, there having been a great tempest 
 of thunder and lightning ; the fishes were about 
 the size of a man's little finger, and judged to be 
 young whitings ; many of them were shewn to 
 the public. Phil. Trans. 1698. 
 
 Query : Is it not probable that these fishes were 
 absorbed from the surface of the water by the 
 electric suction of a water-spout, or brushed off 
 by the violence of a hurricane ? Editor. 
 
244 GENERAL ANECDOTES CONNECTED 
 
 Fish conveyed by a Water-spout. As Major 
 Mackenzie, of Fodder ty, was traversing his farm, 
 he was surprised to find a considerable portion of 
 his land covered with herring fry, from three to 
 four inches in length ; the fish were fresh and en- 
 tire. The only rational conjecture is, that the 
 fish were conveyed there by a water-spout. This 
 place was situated about three miles from the sea, 
 all level ground. Gent. Mag. 1828. 
 
 Mr. Arnot relates that showers of herrings fell 
 near Loch Leven, Kinrosshire, in 1825. 
 
 Jamieson's Journal. 
 
 Showers of herrings fell in Galloway. 
 
 Symon's Galloway. 
 
 Showers of herrings fell in Argyleshire, March, 
 1817, on a range of moorland, about three hun- 
 dred feet above the level of the sea. 
 
 Shower of Shells in Ireland. In the year 
 
 1825, shells fell at Monastereen, in the county of 
 
 Kildare; at this time the tides were remarkably 
 
 high, and the sea exhibited unusual disturbance. 
 
 Jamieson's Journal. 
 
 Fish ejected from Volcanoes. Mr. Humboldt 
 pommunicated to the French National Institute, 
 
WITH FISH AND FISHING. 245 
 
 amongst other curious facts, the following : 
 Several of the volcanoes of the Cordilleras of 
 the Andes occasionally threw out large volumes 
 of fresh water, with an immense number of fishes. 
 The volcano of Imbaburo threw out, at one time, 
 such a great number near the town of Ibarra, that 
 their putrefaction occasioned disorders. This phe- 
 nomenon, astonishing as it appears, is not even 
 extraordinary, but, on the contrary, of frequent 
 occurrence ; so that the facts are authentically 
 preserved in the public records. It is most singu- 
 lar that these fish are not all injured, and some- 
 times arrive at the foot of the mountain still liv- 
 ing ; these animals are thrown from the mouth of 
 the crater, at the height of twelve or thirteen 
 hundred fathoms, and the same species are found 
 in the brooks that run at the foot of the moun- 
 tains ; it is the only species that subsists at the 
 height of fourteen hundred fathoms above the 
 surrounding plain : it is a new species to natural- 
 ists, and Mr. Humboldt has given them the name 
 Pimelodrus Cyclopum ; they may be found in the 
 first number of his Zoology ; he supposes there 
 are lakes in the crater. 
 
 Shower of Fishes. An extract of a letter was 
 read from Mrs. Smith, dated Monradabad, July 20, 
 1829, to a gentleman in Somersetshire, giving an 
 account of a quantity of fishes that fell in a 
 
246 GENERAL ANECDOTES CONNECTED 
 
 shower of rain at that place. Many were observed 
 by Mrs. Smith from her window, springing on the 
 grass immediately after the storm. The letter was 
 accompanied with a drawing taken on the spot, 
 which represents a small species of Cyprinus 2 \ 
 inches in length, green above, silvery white be- 
 low, with a broad lateral line, bright red. 
 
 Linn. Soc. vol. xvi. part 3. 
 
 Shower of Muscles. According to the Pitts- 
 burgh (American) Gazette, a fine shower of mus- 
 cles fell within the walls of the jail there, on the 
 9th of August, 1834. 
 
 The French National Institute mentions that 
 they have had repeated information of showers 
 of toads, perhaps frogs. 
 
 Method of obtaining the Skeleton of Small 
 Fishes. Suspend the fish by threads attached to 
 the head and tail, in a horizontal position, in a 
 jar of water from a pond, with a few tadpoles in 
 it, the tadpoles acting in the same manner as the 
 ants, always using the smallest tadpoles. 
 
 Bluet's Phil. Mag. N. S. vol. vii. 
 
 Fish enclosed in Stone on Monte Bolca in the 
 Veronese territory, considerably elevated above 
 
WITH FISH AND FISHING. 247 
 
 the sea. The fish are of a dark brown colour, and 
 therefore appear very distinctly on the light ground 
 of the stone ; they lie flat between the laminse ; 
 their profile, and their several parts, are little, 
 if at all, distorted from their natural shape and 
 dimensions ; their whole form is well defined. 
 These quarries belong to the Marquis Gazola, who 
 has already in his cabinet one hundred different 
 species of these fish, with a scientific catalogue of 
 them. For other particulars see the Transactions 
 of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. v. 
 
 Temperature of Fishes and warm-blooded 
 Animals. Dr. Davy, in a paper read before the 
 Royal Society, stated that he had occasion to 
 observe, many years ago, that the bonito had a 
 temperature of 99 Fahrenheit, when the surround- 
 ing medium was 80 5', and that it therefore con- 
 stituted an exception to the generally received 
 rule, that fishes are universally cold-blooded. 
 
 Having found that the gills of the common 
 thunny of the Mediterranean Sea were supplied 
 with nerves of unusual magnitude, that the heart 
 of this latter fish was very powerful, and that its 
 muscles were of a dark colour, the Doctor was led 
 to conjecture that, like the bonito, it was warm- 
 blooded. The author endeavours to extend this 
 analogy to others of the same family. Edin. New 
 Phil. Journal, vol. xix. No. 37. 
 
248 GENERAL ANECDOTES OF FISH, &C. 
 
 Theophrastus, in his treatise upon fishes, says : 
 there are small ones, which leave their native 
 streams for some time, and then return to the 
 water; they are said to resemble mullet. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 ANABAS, 142 
 
 Anableps ; or, Four-eyed Fish, 
 225 
 
 Anchonetta, 142 
 
 Anchovy, 143 
 
 Anecdotes of Fishes and Fish- 
 ing, 27 
 
 Angler, or Fisherman, 228 
 
 Angler, by Mr. Irving, 24, 26 
 
 Anglers, Hints to, 231 
 
 Anglimania ; or, Passion for 
 Angling, 218 
 
 Angling Anecdote, 23 
 
 Angling, Commendation of, by 
 Daubenton, 17; Venables, 
 19 ; Walton, 20 ; Wootton, 
 20 ; Henselius Dubravius, 
 21; Elaine, 21 ;Kennie, 23; 
 Prof. Wilson, 218 
 
 Angoza, Method of Fishing at, 
 169 
 
 Antonio, Method of Fishing at, 
 169 
 
 Arbuthnot's Sea Water Basins, 
 209 
 
 Arguin, method of Fishing in 
 the Island of, 170 
 
 Arnold Lake, 206 
 
 Artificial Sea Water Estuaries, 
 210 
 
 Artificial lakes in Berkshire, 
 209 
 
 Astracan Fishing for the Huso, 
 171 
 
 Audacity of a Fish, 218 
 
 Average price of Fish in 1804, 
 
 241 ; in the reign of Edward 
 I., 242 
 
 Azurine, 142 
 
 Bagre, 147 
 
 Baikal, Fishing in the, 171 
 
 Bakewell's Cultivation of Fish, 
 211 
 
 Barbel, its habits and mode of 
 capture, 114; angling De- 
 votees, 114; large caught at 
 Hampton, 114 ; Leeches 
 dried good bait for, 115; 
 taken at Shepperton by four 
 gentlemen in two punts, 115; 
 Mr. Waring's Method of 
 catching, 116; Stations, 
 116; most extraordinary 
 method of catching, 117 ; 
 in the Danube and Volga, 
 117 
 
 Battersea Bridge and other 
 Bridges, proper times of Fish- 
 ing at, 172 
 
 Bathurst River, and Fish de- 
 scribed, 145 
 
 Beluga, troublesome to Ba- 
 thers, 143 ; provides for the 
 necessities of men, 144 
 
 Binny, Method of Fishing for, 
 145 
 
 Black Swan River, 172 
 
 Bleak, its Habits, 125 ; mad, 
 the cause, 125; pearls made 
 from, 125 
 
 Blennies, 219 
 
 Bokhara,Native Fishing at,l 72 
 
250 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Boots and Shoes water proof, 
 220 
 
 Boy swallowing a Fish-hook, 
 228 
 
 Bream, Habits, and mode of 
 Capture, 110; when young 
 are called Chads, 111 ; in the 
 Lakes of Prussia, 111 ; on 
 the continent, 111 ; remark- 
 able anecdote by Gessner, 
 112; the Buzzard enemy of 
 the, 112 ; formerly a favou- 
 rite fish, 113 
 
 Bull Head, 129; Charm a- 
 gainst Fever, 130 
 
 Canada, Fishing in, 173 
 
 Cape, Fishing at the, 173 
 
 Capitan, 147 
 
 Carps, Habits and mode of 
 catching, 97 ; colour accord - 
 
 ^ ing to age, waters they inha- 
 bit, 97 ; weight of, 99 ; Du 
 Hamel's method of catching, 
 101; Culture of, 101 ; me- 
 thod of fattening, 102 ; out 
 of water, 102 
 
 Carp ponds in France, 103 ; 
 Tenacious of life, 104 
 
 Cats catching Fish, 220 
 
 Caymen, catching, 174 
 
 Charr, mode of catching, 67 
 
 China, New mode of Fishing, 
 177 
 
 Chub, its Habits, and mode of 
 capture, 123-124 ; large in 
 the Meuse, and French me- 
 thod of catching, 124; and 
 Trout caught at the same 
 time, 221 
 
 Ciego, 147 
 
 Cirenitz Lake, 176 
 
 Coal Fishing in Ireland, 186 
 
 Columbus, 177 
 
 Comiparu, a plant to intoxicate 
 Fish, 231 
 
 Congo, method of Fishing at, 
 177 
 
 Corfu, Fishing at, 178 
 
 Creeping Fish, 219 
 
 Cuba, extraordinary method of 
 Fishing at, 178 
 
 Cultivation of Fish, 211 
 
 Curbinata, 148 
 
 Curious occurrence,42; trim- 
 mers for Pike, 72 
 
 Curragh ; or, Irish Fishing- 
 boat, 221 
 
 Cusk, 148 
 
 Dace, its Habits. 122 
 Dinner, extraordinary Fish, 
 
 227 
 
 Diving, catching Fish by, 192 
 Docility of Fish, 223 
 Dog's pool in Caernarvonshire, 
 
 224 
 
 Double Fish, 223 
 Drowning, to escape from, 27 
 Drum Fish, 148 
 Duck and Trout, 221 
 
 East India Fish, 148 
 
 East Falkland Islands Fish, 
 149 
 
 Eels, Natural History of, 133, 
 134 ; method of catching, 
 133 ; migratory habits, 134 ; 
 ponds, 134 ; grow to a large 
 size, 135; curious fact re- 
 specting, 136 ; Longevity of, 
 136 ; enforcing sobriety, 
 137 ; blind man catching 
 one, 137 ; a pet one, 137 ; 
 smoked and salted, 138 ; 
 and Carps when frozen, 
 138 ; great nourishment 
 therein, and consumption 
 cured, 139; best method of 
 dressing them, 139 
 
 Extraordinary circumstance, 
 54 
 
INDEX. 
 
 251 
 
 Extraordinaiy Fish dinner, 227 
 Extraordinary Fishing, 227 
 
 Fish, the body of, 1 ; structure 
 of, 2 ; swimming, 2 ; mo- 
 tion, 3 ; hearing, 3 ; smell, 
 4, 238 ; voice, or speaking, 
 4, 5 ; harvest, 5, 6 ; fecundity 
 of, 5, 6 ; Harmer's table of 
 the spawn of, 6, 7; hatching, 
 8, 9 ; reproductive power of, 
 9 ; Fishponds peopled by 
 insects, 10 ; used for bread, 
 biscuit, 10; flour, 11 ; Cows, 
 Horses, and Sheep fed on, 1 1 ; 
 as manure, 12 ; ship saved 
 by, 12; bridge supported 
 by, 13 ; creeping kind of, 219 
 248; charming, 220; cats 
 catching, 220; scales,micros- 
 copical object, 229; denoting 
 age of, 229 ; luminous, 236; 
 paintings of, 236; preserves 
 in fresh water, 207; lake, 
 206; one eyed, 224; four 
 eyed ; or, Anableps, 225 ; in 
 a glass bowl, 225 ; killed by. 
 heat, 225 ; to intoxicate, 
 231; condemned at Billings- 
 gate in 1833, 243 ; conveyed 
 by a water-spout, 244 ; ejec- 
 ted from Volcanoes, 244 ; 
 enclosed in stone, 246; hook, 
 boy swallowing a, 228 ; In- 
 dian Ink made from, 13 ; 
 marking ink made from, 14 ; 
 preservation of, 15; trans- 
 porting of, 16; longevity of, 
 16; Chinese art of fatten- 
 ing, 17 ; bones of, 32 
 Fisherman, or Angler, 228 
 Fishes, migration of, 232 ; 
 skeleton of, 246; in stone, 
 246 ; temperature of, 247 ; 
 fishing for one another, 180 ; 
 showers of, 243, 244, 245 ; 
 
 nondescript, 163 ; destroyed 
 by mephitic vapour, 236 
 
 Fishing Frog, or Angler, 181 ; 
 at Fernando Po, 179 ; in 
 different parts of the world, 
 166 ; extraordinary, 227 
 
 Fly-Fisher, 215 
 
 Fly-Fishing at Ballater, 52 
 
 Flounder, 227 
 
 Fresh -water Fish, importation 
 of, 212 
 
 Fresh-water lake inhabited by 
 Sea Fish, 210 
 
 Fugeian method of fishing, 180 
 
 Galway, peculiarity in An- 
 gling at, 186 
 
 Ganges, fishing in the, 181 
 General Anecdotes connected 
 
 with Fish and Fishing, 215 
 Girl killed by swallowing a 
 
 perch, 95 
 Glacier's Method of Fishing, 
 
 182 
 
 Glass Fishing Net, 182 
 Glass Bowl, Fish in a, 225 
 Gold Fish, habits of, 104, 105, 
 
 106; in a bowl, 106; owls, 
 
 poachers of, 107 
 Gold and Silver Fish, 228; 
 
 best water to breed them, 
 
 228 
 
 Graining, 149 
 Grayling, habits of, 63 ; Mr. 
 
 Frank's description of, 64 ; 
 
 Fishing anecdote, 65 ; in 
 
 water, 65 ; in Grand Eau, 
 
 a small river in France, 66 
 Greenlander's Fishing-tackle, 
 
 183 
 Gudgeon, habits of, 118 ; large 
 
 intheKennetandCole, 118; 
 
 in Russian Rivers black, 
 
 119 
 
 Gut for angling, 229 
 Guiniad or Gwyniad, 66 
 
252 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Gymnotus, catching of, 183 
 
 Hampshire, Sea Fish plentiful 
 
 in, 230 
 
 Hassar, 151 ; nest, 151 
 Hatching spawn of Fish, 8 
 Hawsons or Husones, 150 
 Heat, Fish killed by, 226 
 Herlings, 36 
 
 Herrings in fresh water, 150 
 Hints to Anglers, 231 
 Hooks used in Scotland, 230 
 Horses fed on Fish, 230 
 Hot wells in Iceland, 230 
 Huso, 231 
 
 Jack or Pike, 71 
 
 Jamaica, Fish of, 153 
 
 Iceland Fishery, 186 ; Sal- 
 mon Fishery, 187 
 
 Ichthyophagites Native Fish- 
 ers, 184 
 
 Ichthyophagi, or Fish eaters, 
 226 
 
 Jesse's Gleanings, extracts 
 from, 233, 234 
 
 Ilmen, Fishers of, 152 
 
 Indian Fish, 151 
 
 Indians Fishing in America, 
 168 
 
 Interesting notices of Foreign 
 Fish, 142 
 
 Julis, 153 
 
 Lapland Fishing, 188 
 Lamprey, description of, 140 
 Lath in Loch Fishing, 189 
 Leistering Salmon, 190 
 Limerick hooks, 59 
 Limpet forming a marking ink, 
 
 14 
 Loach, its habits, 128 ; great 
 
 abundance in France, 128 ; 
 
 how fed, 129 ; forming a 
 
 living barometer, 129 
 Lobster Fishing in America 
 
 167 
 
 Loveden's artificial lakes, 209 
 Ludlow, head quarters for 
 
 spring Fishing, 65 
 Luminous, to make Fish, 236 
 
 Malaya Fishing-tackle, 191 
 Massaroony native Fishing, 1 90 
 Memoranda of Fishing in Ire- 
 land, 56 ; in Wales, 57 
 Mephitic vapour, Fishes de- 
 stroyed by, 236 
 Method of obtaining the skele- 
 ton of small Fishes, 246 
 Migration of Fishes, 232 
 Mill-Burnfoot Trout, 62 
 Minnows, habits of, 127 ; cu- 
 rious assemblage of, 127 ; 
 Minnow Tansies, 128 
 Miscellaneous extracts from 
 Mr. Jesse's Gleanings, 233 
 Monstrous large Fish of prey, 
 
 154 
 
 Montrose Fishermen, supersti- 
 tion of, 239 
 
 Naturalization of Fish, 205 
 Newfoundland Dog and Pike, 
 
 234 
 New York, Fishes of, 154 
 
 One-eyed Fish, 224 
 
 Otter caught by line and hook, 
 
 234 
 Otters, domesticated Fishing, 
 
 192 
 
 Owl caught by angling, 235 
 Oyster Fishing at Port Mahon, 
 
 191 
 
 Pacou, 155 
 
 Paintings of Fish in Fishmon- 
 
 gers'-hall, 236 
 Palmide, 156 
 Parr, habits of, 67 
 Perca Cabrilla, Perca Labrax, 
 
 93 
 
INDEX. 
 
 253 
 
 Perch, habits of, 90 ; in what 
 countries to be found, 91 ; 
 tenacious of life, 91 ; ways 
 of catching and baits, 91 ; 
 angling anecdotes, 92 ; va- 
 riety of, 93 ; crooked, 94 ; 
 large, atDagenham Breach, 
 90, 94 ; swallowed by a girl, 
 95; jumping into a barge, 
 95 ; taken with a stickleback 
 in his mouth, 95 ; very 
 large in the New South 
 Wales' Rivers, 95 
 Pike, or Jack, its habits and 
 mode of capture, 72; curi- 
 ous trimmers for, 72 ; growth 
 of, 73; great age of, 73; 
 shooting, 73; hunting and 
 shooting of, 74 ; large in the 
 Coquet river, 75 ; caught 
 with a snood, 76 ; weighing 
 ninety six pounds, 76 ; many 
 of a large size taken, 76, 79 ; 
 a brace caught by the same 
 hook and line, 77 ; Fishing 
 extraordinary of, 78 ; rapa- 
 city of, 79 ; seizing a boy's 
 hand, 88 ; a girl's hand, 81 ; 
 seizing a calf, 81 ; destroy- 
 ing four young swans, 80 ; 
 of one hundred and seventy 
 pounds, 82 ; several large 
 ones caught, 82, 83; carried 
 away a punt, 83 ; taken by 
 Fly-Fishing, 84 ; stones 
 found in the stomach of, 
 85 ; blind, 85 ; in Irelanc 
 very large, 86 ; angling foi 
 with the pooka, 86; Ganders 
 Fishing for, 87-88 ; ducks 
 88 ; eagle, 88 ; dog, 88, 234 
 fox, 234; and carp, 235 
 destroyed by tadpoles, 235 
 Piscatorial celebration, 236 
 Polynesia, ingenious methoc 
 of Fishing in, 193 
 
 'orto Pray a, Fishing at, 195 
 'ratrosso, Fishing peculiar to, 
 
 192 
 
 'renadilla, 156 
 'reparation for Fly-Fishing, 
 
 217 
 
 ^reservation of Fish, 14 ; du- 
 ring carriage, 16 
 Price of Fish at Billingsgate, 
 
 in 1804, 241 ; in the reign 
 
 of Edward I., 242 
 Princes Island, method of 
 
 catching Fish at, 194 
 Protection of the ocean tribe, 
 
 237 
 
 Rat caught by line and hook, 
 237 
 
 Retreat of the natives of the 
 ocean, 237 
 
 River Cod, 210 
 
 Roach, habits of, and method 
 of capture, 119 ; caught in 
 Hampton deep, 120 ; near 
 Withyam, 120; ancient way 
 of catching, 120 ; best me- 
 thod to cook, 122 
 
 Rudd, habits of, and baits to 
 catch, 109 ; onecaughtwith 
 a minnow, 110 
 
 Ruff or Pope, its habits, 96 
 
 Sailing Fish, 156 
 
 Salamis Fishing, 195 
 
 Salmon, habits of, 28 ; leaps, 
 28; fisheries, 28 ; in Scotland, 
 28 ; angling for, 30 ; spear 
 fishing, 31 ; hunting, 31 ; in 
 Herefordshire, 32; in the 
 Severn, 32 ; large found in a 
 brook, 33 ; in Gal way , 33 ; in 
 Kamtschatka, 33 ; when in 
 season, 33 ; Fishery in New 
 Caledonia, 34; growth of, 35, 
 37 ; weight of, 36 ; eggs grow- 
 ing in a dunghill, 37, 38 ; 
 
254 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Thames Salmon, high price 
 of, 39 ; Mr. Waring's an- 
 ecdote of, 39 ; very large 
 one, 40 ; various large ones, 
 40; Killarney method of 
 cooking, 41 ; and silver 
 spoon, 42 ; paste and roe, 
 
 42 ; curious occurrence, 42 ; 
 Mr. Anderson's ring in a, 
 
 43 ; in the Wye, 44 ; eagles 
 carrying off, 44 ; Leistering, 
 190; roe, how dressed for 
 bait, 239 
 
 Salmon Trout, 51 
 
 Salt-water Fish in a fresh-wa- 
 ter pool, 209 ; preserve at 
 Valley field, 211 
 
 Sand Eel Fishing in Ireland, 
 186 
 
 Sandwich Islands, salt-water 
 ponds in the, 210 
 
 Scales of Fish, 229 
 
 Scales denoting the age of Fish, 
 229 
 
 Seals eaten, 243 
 
 Sea gulls caught with a hook, 
 238 
 
 Sea water basins at Peterhead, 
 209 
 
 Sensibility of all Fish when 
 hooked, 58 
 
 Shad, habits of, 68; in the 
 Severn, 68 ; in Hudson's Ri- 
 ver, 68 ; peculiar method of 
 catching in Germany, 69 
 
 Sheep's head, 155' 
 
 Showers of Fishes, 243, 245 ; 
 of herrings, 244 ; of shells in 
 Ireland, 244 ; of muscles in 
 America, 246 ; of toads or 
 frogs, 246 
 
 Skeleton of small Fishes (me- 
 thod of obtaining the) 246 
 
 Sicily, destructive method of 
 fishing in, 196 
 
 Silver Fish, 228 
 
 Similitude between Fish and 
 Birds, 238 
 
 Smell in Fish, 238 
 
 Smelts, why so called, and 
 method of catching, 70 ; an- 
 ecdote relating thereto, 71 ; 
 very large at Monte Video, 
 210 ; in fresh water, 210 
 
 Snipes caught with a hook, 240 
 
 Solan Geese, 196 
 
 Sole pritching, 196 
 
 Solomjianka, 158 
 
 Soubatka, 157 
 
 Spade, Fishing with a, 195 
 
 Sparrow Hawk caught by hook 
 and line, 239 
 
 Spams, four-footed, 157 
 
 Stickleback good for baits, 131 ; 
 as manure, 131 ; springs 
 very high, and is very pug- 
 nacious, 132 
 
 Sturgeon, 159; fishery, 169; 
 in Siberia, 160; eggs, 161 
 
 Superstition of Montrose Fish- 
 ermen, 239 
 
 Surinam, angling at, 197 ; 
 Fishes of, 161 
 
 Swallows caught with a hook, 
 240 
 
 Tcho-kia-yu, or, in French, 
 1'Encuirasse, 222 
 
 Temperature of Fishes, 247 
 
 Tench, habits of, 108 ; mode 
 of capture, 108 ; ponds of 
 Mr. Western, 108 ; weigh- 
 ing ten pounds, 108 
 
 Thames' Salmon, high price 
 of, 39 
 
 Theophrastus' treatise upon 
 Fishes, 248 
 
 Tonquin, Fishing in, 198 
 
 Towyn Lake, Fishing on the, 
 198 
 
 Trout, habits of, 45 ; catching 
 by native tact, 46 ; caught 
 
INDEX. 
 
 255 
 
 when hair and blood worms 
 appear, 46 ; taken with a gud- 
 geon, 46 ; stomach of, 47 ; 
 when in season, 47 ; caught 
 in dead still water, 48 ; night 
 fishing, 48 ; very large one, 
 48 ; various, 49 ; growth of, 
 49 ; longevity of, 50 ; grey, 
 50; anecdote, 50; crooked, 
 50 ; phosphoric property, 
 51 ; gillaroo, 51 ; Fishing 
 in Scotland for, 52, 53 ; on 
 calcareous soil, 53 ; Mill 
 burnfoot, 62 ; in wells, 54 ; 
 in Inchiquin lakes, 54; in 
 Ireland, 55 ; sixty pounds 
 weight, 55 ; how to pre- 
 serve, 55 ; best way to dress, 
 
 55 ; want of sensibility of, 
 when hooked, 58; Fishing 
 anecdote, 59, 62 ; fattening 
 in warm water, 230 
 Tunis, Fishing at, 199 
 Tunny Fishing, 199 ; very 
 large in Sardinia, 200 
 
 Vendise, 162 
 
 Volga, method of Fishing for 
 the huso in the, 200 
 
 Weak Fish, 155 
 
 Welsh Coracle Trackle, or 
 
 Fishing boat, 62 
 White bait, 69 ; and shad, 
 
 two distinct species, 70 
 Whitings, 36 
 
BIBLIOTHECA PISCATORIA 
 
 A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 
 
 UPON ANGLING 
 
 ALDI 
 
 LONDON 
 
 1836 
 
ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 THIS Catalogue of Works on Angling will be 
 found more extensive than any hitherto pub- 
 lished. It is formed upon Sir Henry Ellis's cor- 
 rected copy of the List, which he contributed to 
 the British Bibliographer in 1811, and which he 
 kindly lent for the purpose. 
 
 The various editions of the Treatise of Hawk- 
 ing, Hunting, and Fishing, by Juliana Berners, 
 are described with greater accuracy than by any 
 former bibliographer ; and some editions are no- 
 ticed of which the existence was unknown. 
 
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 
 ON ANGLING. 
 
 ACCOMPLISHT Lady's Delight in preserving, physick, 
 beautifying, and cookery, with new and excellent experi- 
 ments, and secrets in the Art of Angling, being directions 
 for the whole art (taken entirely from Walton and Bar- 
 ker). 1st edit. 1675. 2nd edit. 1677. 3rd edit. 1684. 
 Vide New and Excellent Experiments. 
 
 Albin's (Eleazar) History of Esculent Fish. With 
 North's Essay on Fish and Fish Ponds. 18 coloured 
 plates. 4to. Lond. 1794. 
 
 Angler (The), containing a complete description of all 
 fresh water fish, and the best places for Angling near 
 London. Sq. 12 mo. Lond. Groombridge, 1834. 
 
 Angler's Complete Assistant, being an Epitome of the 
 Whole Art of Angling. 4th edit. 4to. Lond. See Wil- 
 kinson. 
 
 Angler's Daily Journal. 
 
 This is merely a book with ruled lines to take memorandums 
 of fish caught each day. 
 
 Angler's Companion, being a Complete Practical Guide; 
 with Nobbes's Art of Trolling. 12mo. Hughes. 
 
 Angler's Guide. 24mo. Lond. Dean and Munday, 
 1832. 
 
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 
 
 Angler's Manual ; or, Concise Lessons of Experience, 
 which the proficient in the delightful Recreation of Angling 
 will not despise, and the learners will find the advantage 
 of practising, containing useful instruction on every ap- 
 proved method of Angling, and particularly of the man- 
 agement of the Hand and Rod in each method, with 
 plates by Howitt. Oblong 8vo. Liverpool, 1808. 
 
 Angler's Magazine ; or, Necessary and delightful Store- 
 house; wherein every thing proper to his art is digested in 
 such a manner, as to assist his knowledge and practice 
 upon bare inspection ; being the completest Manual ever 
 published upon the subject; largely treating on all things 
 relating to Fish and Fishing, and whereby the Angler 
 may acquire his experience without the help of a Master. 
 By a Lover of that innocent and healthful diversion. 1 2mo. 
 Lond. 1754. (The initials G. S. at the end of the preface.) 
 
 Anglers. Eight Dialogues in verse. 12mo. Lond. 1758. 
 
 *** A manuscript note in a copy of the work, formerly 
 belonging to Mr. White of Crickhowell, ascribes it to Dr. 
 Scott of Ipswich. It contains ironical notes in imitation of 
 Dr. King's Art of Cookery. 
 
 Art of Angling, in Eight Dialogues, in verse. 8vo. 
 (Reprinted entire in Ruddiman's Collection of scarce, 
 curious, and valuable pieces, both in verse and prose. 
 8vo. Edin. 1773.) Vide Lathy's Angler, post. 
 
 Angler in Ireland ; or, an Englishman's Ramble 
 through Connaught and Munster, during the summer of 
 1833. 2 vols. royal 12mo. Lond. 1834. 
 
 Angler's Pocket Book, to which is prefixed Nobbes' 
 Treatise on the Art of Trolling. 8vo. Norwood. 2nd 
 edit. 8vo. Lond. . 3rd edit. 8vo. Lond. 1805. 12mo. 
 Lond. 1804. 
 
 Angler's Progress, a Poem. Vide Boaz. 
 
ON ANGLING. 
 
 Angler's Sure Guide ; or, Angling Improved and Me- 
 thodically Digested, by R[obert] H[owlett], esq. forty 
 years a practitioner in this art. 8vo. Lond. 1706. 
 
 Angling, an article in the Encyclopaedia Metropolitana, 
 Vol. xvii. (fourth division of vol. i.) 4to. 1829. p. 580- 
 590, with a very copious table of fish-places, seasons, 
 waters, baits, habits, &c. 
 
 Angling in the Lakes of Geneva and its Tributaries. 
 Sporting Mag. 1833. Vol. vii. 205. second series. 
 
 Angling Society for the Preservation of Fish, at Henley. 
 Sporting Mag. 1833, second series, Vol. viii. p. 206. 
 
 Angling, a Poem. 12mo. 2nd edit, printed for H. 
 Slater, 1741. 
 
 The first edition was entitled Innocent Epicure, vide 
 
 Angling Excursions of Gregory Greendrake, esq. in the 
 counties of Wicklow, Meath, Westmeath, Longford, and 
 Cavan, with additions by Geoffrey Greydrake, esq. dedi- 
 cated to all honest Brothers of the Angle. 4th edit. 
 Dublin, 1832. 
 
 Arderon's (William) Easy Method of Catching Fish. 
 Philosophical Transactions Abridged, Vol. IX. p. 189. 
 
 There are two other papers by Arderon in the same vol. 
 I. On keeping small Fish in Glass Jars. II. On the Ban- 
 stickle or Prick-le-Back, and also on Fish in General. 
 
 Art of Angling, printed by Smeeton, 16mo. principally 
 taken from Markham and Venables. 
 
 Art of Angling, wherein are discovered many rare 
 secrets very necessary to be known by all that delight in 
 that recreation. 4to. Lond. 1653. Vide Barker. 
 
 Art of Angling, a concise but comprehensive treatise. 
 18mo. Lewes, 1809. 
 
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 
 
 - Bainbridge (Geo. C. Esq.), Fly Fisher's Guide, illus- 
 trated by coloured plates, representing upwards of forty 
 of the most useful flies, accurately copied from nature. 
 8vo. Liverpool, 1816. 2nd edit. 8vo. Lond. 1828. 3rd 
 edit. 8vo. Lond. 1834. (In Blackwood's Mag. No. 
 XXVII. for June, 1819, article 4, is A Few Thoughts on 
 Fly Fishing, suggested by the Review of the 1st edit, of 
 Bainbridge.) 
 
 Barlow's (Francis) Several Ways of Hunting, Hawking, 
 and Fishing, invented by himself, and etched by W. Hol- 
 lar. Oblong 4to. 1671. 
 
 Barker's (Thomas, of Bracemeale, Salop) Art of Angling, 
 wherein are discovered many rare Secrets very necessary 
 to be known by all that delight in that recreation. 12mo. 
 Lond. 1 65 1 . Reprinted by Burn, Lond. 1 820. Another 
 edition in 4to. Lond. 1653, without the author's name 
 subjoined to the Countryman's Recreations. 4to. Lond. 
 1654. Large 8vo. 1817, reprinted by Inchbold and Gaw- 
 tress, Leeds. 
 
 Barker's Delight ; or, the Art of Angling, by Thomas 
 Barker. Second edition, with considerable additions and 
 Commendatory Verses prefixed, 1657, reprinted by Burn, 
 1820. This book is inserted in the Young Sportsman's 
 Miscellany. 12mo. 1826. 
 
 In an Epistle to the Reader prefixed to the first edition, and 
 in the dedication of the second to Lord Montague, Barker 
 speaks of himself as having practised Angling for half a cen- 
 tury ; adding, if any noble or gentle Angler have a mind to 
 discourse of these ways and experiments, I live in Henry 
 Tilth's Gifts, the next doore to the Gatehouse in Westmin- 
 ster : where I shall be ready to satisfie them and maintain 
 my art ; my name is Barker. 
 
 The second edition, so called, 12mo. Lond. 1657, with Com- 
 mendatory Verses prefixed. This is the first edition that has 
 the title of Barker's Delight. The second edition (likewise 
 so called) Lond. 1659 ; is in fact the same with only a new 
 title page. 
 
ON ANGLING. 
 
 BERNERS, BARNES, or BERNES (LADY JULIANA). 
 
 i. This present boke shewyth the manere of hawkynge 
 and huntynge : and also of diuysynge of Cote armours ? 
 It shewyth also a good matere belongynge to horses : 
 wyth other comendable treatyses. And ferdermore of 
 the blaysynge of armys : as here after it may appere. 
 Small Folio. 
 
 Juliana Berners, or Barnes, to whom the above Treatises 
 were ascribed, is supposed to have been sister to Richard, 
 Lord Berners, of Essex, and prioress of Sopwell, near St. 
 Albans. She is said to have flourished about the year 1460, 
 and is celebrated for her learning and accomplishments. 
 
 Besides being the first printed treatise on the subject in 
 the English language, this work affords us rude represen- 
 tations of the different kinds of tackle in use, and contains 
 directions and remarks which have been copied in some 
 recent Treatises on Angling. 
 
 On the first page wood-cut of birds, and on the reverse a 
 group of men with a hawk, underneath the title above. 
 
 Sig. a. 5 leaves, the first blank, making 6. b. 6 leaves, 
 c. 6 leaves (Hawkynge ends on C 5, and Huntynge com- 
 mences on c. 6). 
 
 d. 6 leaves, e. 6 leaves (Coat armour commences on e. 6). 
 f. 4 leaves, g. 4 leaves (on reverse of G. 4. Here begynnyth 
 the treatise of fysshynge wyth an Angle), h. 6 leaves. 
 i. 4 leaves. Here begynnyth the blasy nge of arms. a. 6 leaves, 
 b. 6 leaves, c. 6 leaves, d. 7 leaves. 
 
 Here in this boke afore ben shewed the treatyses per- 
 teynynge to hawkynge and huntynge with others dyuers 
 playsaunt materes belongynge unto noblesse : and also a 
 ryght noble treatise of Cot armours? as in this present boke 
 it may appere. And here we ende this laste treatyse whyche 
 specyfyeth of blasynge of armys. Emprynted at Westmestre 
 by Wynkyn the Worde the yere of thyncarnacon of our 
 lorde. M. cccc. LXXXVI. 
 
 On the last leaf (D 8) is the device of Wynkyn de Worde, 
 and on the reverse that of Caxton. This leaf is wanting in 
 the copy in the British Museum. 
 
 Copies upon Vellum are in the Collections of the Earl of 
 Pembroke and the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville : and upon 
 paper in the British Museum ; in the late Mr. Douce's Col- 
 lection, now in the Bodleian ; and in the late Mr. Dent's 
 Library. Probably the finest extant upon paper was Mr. 
 Hanrott's, which is now in the Collection of the Hon. 
 George John Vernon. 
 
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 
 
 This edition was reprinted in fac-simile, by Mr. Hasle- 
 wood, Lond. 1810; and the Treatyse of Fysshing wyth an 
 Angle, from this edition was reprinted by W. Pickering, in 
 Crown Svo. with Baskerville's Types. Lond. 1827. 
 
 The first edition was printed at St. Albans, 1486, containing 
 the Treatises of Hawking, Hunting, and Coat Armour ; and 
 reprinted by Markham under the title of " The Gentleman's 
 Academic, or the Booke of St. Albans : containing three most 
 exact of excelfent Bookes: the first of Hawking, the second 
 of all the proper termes of Hunting, and the last of Armorie : 
 all compiled by Juliana Barnes, in the yere from the incarna- 
 tion of Christ, 1486. And now reduced into a better method 
 by G. M. London : printed for Humfrey Lownes, and are 
 to be sold at his shop in Paules Church-Yard, 1595." 4to. 
 
 ii. Here begynnyth a treatyse of fysshynge wyth an 
 Angle. Small 4to. 
 
ON ANGLING. 
 
 The title over the wood-cut of a man angling ; on the re- 
 verse of D. iiii. Here endeth the boke of Fysshynge wyth 
 other dyuers maters. Imprynted at London by Wynkyn 
 de Worde, dwellynge in Flete strete, at the sygne of the 
 Sonne. 
 
 Small 4to. with wood-cuts. A to Diiij. This edition appears 
 to have been published as a distinct treatise : the concluding 
 paragraph of the former edition is omitted stating," And for 
 by cause that this present treatyse sholde not come to the 
 hondys of eche ydle persone, whyche wolde desire it yf it 
 were enprynted allone by itself, & put in a lytyll plaunflet ; 
 therfore I haue compylyd it in a greter volume of dyuerse 
 bokys concernynge to gentyll & noble men. To the entent 
 that the forsayd ydle persones whyche scholde haue but lytyll 
 mesure in the sayd dysporte of fysshyng, sholde not by this 
 meane vtterly dystroye it." The only copy known, which 
 was formerly Mr. Haworth's, is now in the collection of 
 George Wilkinson, esq. 
 
 in. The boke of hawkynge, and huntynge, and fyssh- 
 ynge. Small 4to. 
 
 Wood-cut group of Men with hawk, as in W. de Worde's 
 edition 1496. 
 
 reverse of C 7 )| Thus endeth the boke of hawkynge. 
 C 8 Here begyiineth the boke of huntynge ; on reverse of F I 
 four lines of the ballad : 
 
 Therfore assaye them euerych one, &c. 
 
 IT Thus endeth the treatyse of hutynge, and other thyges. 
 
 And here begynneth a treatyse of fysshynge wt an angle. 
 Wood-cut underneath. 
 
 F 2. Commences Salomon, &c. and ends on reverse of 
 H.iv. 
 
 Here endeth the boke of hawkynge, hutynge, and fyss- 
 hynge, and with many other dyuers maters. Impryted in 
 Flete strete, at ye sygne of ye sonne, by Wykyn de Worde 
 with his colophon. 
 
 46 leaves. 
 
 The catchword throughout the volume is ' Huntynge ;' this 
 edition reads " Of Saynt Thomas tyde of Caunterbure." 
 
 A copy of this edition, now in the possession of Mr. George 
 Daniel, of Islington, is supposed to be unique. 
 
 iv. The booke of hauking hunting and fysshyng, with 
 all the properties and medecynes that are necessary to be 
 kept. Small 4to. 
 
 Over a rude engraving on wood, at the end of this portion 
 there is no colophon. 
 
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 
 
 Here beginneth the booke of Hunting whereunto is added 
 the measures of blowing. Over a wood-cut, no colophon. 
 
 Here beginneth a tretyse of fysshynge wyth an Angle. 
 Over a wood cut of a man angling. 
 
 Imprynted at London in Flete-streate, at the Sygne of the 
 Rose Garlande, by Wylliam Coplande. 
 
 B. L. 4to.p. 96. 
 
 Described in the Bibliotheca Anglo-Poetica, page 12. 
 
 v. The booke of haukyng huntyng and fysshyng, wyth 
 all the properties and medecynes that are necessary to be 
 kepte. Small 4to. 
 
 Wood-cut of men and hawks same as in Wynkyn de Worde, 
 edition of 1496. fo. 
 
 Imprinted at London in Saynt Martyns paryshe in y e 
 vinetre upon the thre crane wharfe by Wyllyam Coplande. 
 A to E iiii. 
 
 Here begynneth the booke of Hunting where unto is 
 added the measures of blowyng. 
 
 Rude cut with the Hares. 
 
 Imprint as above. Fi to Jiiii. 
 
 Here begynneth a tretyse of Fysshynge wyth an Angle. 
 Ki to Miiii. 
 
 Heere endeth the booke of Hauking, Hunting, and Fyssh- 
 yng, with other diuers matters. 
 
 Imprynt as above. 
 
 Formerly in Mr. Haslewood's Collection. A. to M. each 4 
 leaves. 
 
 vi. The booke of hauking huntyng and fysshyng, wyth 
 all the properties and medecynes that are necessary to be 
 kept. Small 4to. 
 
 [Most probably the same cut as in the preceding edition, 
 but the title is wanting.] 
 
 Imprynted at London in the Vyentre uppon the thre 
 Craned wharfe by Wyllyam Copland. 
 
 Here begynneth the booke of Hunting where unto is 
 added the measures of blowyng. 
 
 Imprynted at London in the ventre upon the thre Crane 
 wharfe by me William Copland. 
 
 Here beginneth a tretyse of Fysshynge with an Angle. 
 Woodcut. 
 
 Imprinted at London in the Ventre upon the three Crane 
 wharfe by Wyllyam Copland. 4to. A. to M. each 4 leaves. 
 Now in the possession of Mr. Pickering. 
 
ON ANGLING. 
 
 vii. The Booke of hauking huntyng and fysshyng, with 
 all the properties and medecynes that are necessary to be 
 kept. Small 4to. 
 
 Wood-cut of men and hawks. 
 
 Imprynted at London in paules Churche yerde by Robert 
 Toye. 
 
 Here begynneth the booke of Hunting, where unto is 
 added the measures of blowyng. 
 Rude wood-cut. 
 
 Imprynted at London, in Flete strete at the signe of the 
 Rose Garland by Wyllyam Copland for Robert Toye. 
 
 Here beginneth a tretyse of Fysshynge wyth an Angle. 
 
 Imprinted at London in Flete-strete, at the sygne of the 
 Rose Garland by Wyllyam Copland. In the Collection of 
 Earl Spenser. 
 
 viii. The booke of hauking huntyng and fysshyng, 
 with all the properties and medecynes that are necessary 
 to be kept. Small 4to. 
 
 Wood-cut of men and hawks as in Wynkyn de Worde's 
 edition. 
 
 Imprynted at London in Paules churche yerde by Abra- 
 ham Vele. 
 
 Here begynneth the booke of Hunting where unto i 
 added the measures of blowyng. 
 
 rude wood-cut with the hares. 
 
 Imprynted at London in Fletestrete at the signe of the 
 Rose Garland by Wyllyam Copland for Robert Toye. 
 
 Here beginneth a tretyse of Fysshynge wyth an Angle, 
 same cut as in Copland's edition. 
 
 Imprinted at London in Paules church yarde at the 
 Sygne of the Lambe by Abraham Vele. 4to. A. to M. in 4's. 
 containing 48 leaves. 
 
 h. i. reads : Of saynt Benet the xi July/ 
 
 In Mr. Pickering's possession, fownerly Mr. Milner's. 
 Another copy imperfect is in the British Museum. 
 
 There are probably two other editions by Copland yet 
 undescribed one in Lothbury over against St. Margaret'* 
 Church ; the other, W. Copland for R. TotteU. 
 
 ix. The boke of hawkynge huntynge and fysshynge, 
 with all the propertys and medecynes that are necessarye 
 to be kepte. Small 4to. 
 
 The treatise of Hawking ends on reverse of E iiij, of 
 Hunting on F ij, and of Fishing on reverse miiij. 
 
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 
 
 Each treatise has a distinct Colophon, the last is " Here 
 endeth the boke of Hawkyng, Huntyng, and Fyshyng, with 
 other dyuers matters. Imprynted at London in Paul's 
 chyrchyerde by me Hery Tab. Finis." A to M in 4's. 
 
 The only copy known, is among Cryne's books in the 
 Bodleian Library. 
 
 x. The boke of hawkynge huntynge and fysshynge, 
 with all the propertyes and medecynes that are necessary e 
 to be kepte. Small 4to. 
 
 On title wood-cut group of 8 birds. 
 
 On the reverse of E. 4. Imprynted atlondon, in Forster 
 laen, by me, John Waley. Finis. 
 On F. 1. Here begynneth the boke of huntyng, and 
 ends on the reverse J. ii. Imprinted at London, in Forster 
 Laen by John Waley. 
 
 On K. 1. Commences. Here begynneth a treatyse of fyssh- 
 ynge with an angle, 
 ends on M. 4. 
 
 Here endeth the boke of Haukyng, Huntyng, and fyssh- 
 yng, with other dyuers mathers. Imprynted at London, in 
 Forster laen, by John Waley. Finis. 
 
 A. to M. in fours, except I. which has two leaves only. 
 In all 46 leaves. 
 
 h. i. reads: * Of saynte Thomas tyde of Canterbure.' 
 
 N.B. This copy may or may not be imperfect, in most 
 copies the measures of blowing are printed on I. iii. and I. iv. 
 with the imprint of the 2nd part. But in this edition the 
 imprint is at the end of the ballad, therefore it appears per- 
 fect, it is not mentioned on the title. In the possession of 
 Mr. Pickering. 
 
 xi. The boke of haukyng huntynge and fysshyng, with 
 all the properties and medecynes that are necessary to be 
 kepte. Small 4to. 
 
 On title Wood-cut of the Hawk within 6 scroll blocks and 
 2 flowers. 
 
 Imprynted at London in Flete strete by Wyllyam Powell. 
 
 Here begynneth the booke of huntyng. Where unto is 
 added the measures of blowynge. 
 
 Wood-cut with two dogs and a stag, and an ornament 
 composed of four blocks two on each side. 
 
 Imprynted at London in Flete strete, at the sygne of the 
 George, next to saynt Dunstones churche by Wyllyam Powell. 
 
 Here begynneth a tretyse of fysshynge with an angle. 
 
ON ANGLING. 
 
 Wood-cut as in Copland, with a border added in the outer 
 and inner margin. 
 
 Imprynted at London in Flete strte at the sygne of George 
 next to saynt Dunstones Church by Wyllyam Powell. 
 
 h. i. reads : ' Of saynt Benet the xi. of July/ 
 
 In Mr. Pickering's possession, formerly ' Tho. Baker. Col. 
 Jo. Socius ejectus.' A. to M. in 4. containing 48 leares. 
 
 Best's (Thomas) Concise Treatise on the Art of Angling. 
 12mo. Lond. 1787. 2nd edit. 12mo. Lond. 1789. 
 3rd edit. 1794. 4th edit. 1798. 5th edit, 1802. 6th 
 edit. 1804. 7th edit. 1807. 8th edit. 1808. 9th. edit. 
 1810. 10th edit. 1814. (N.B. this edition contains 
 Nobbes' Treatise on Trolling), llth edit. 18mo. Lond. 
 advertised 1827. Royal 18mo. Lond. 1832. 
 
 Binnell's (Robert) Description of the River Thames, 
 &c. with the City of London Jurisdiction and Conser- 
 vancy thereof, proved both in point and usage, by pre- 
 scription, charters, acts of parliaments, decrees, &c. &c. 
 To which is added a brief description of those Fish, with 
 their seasons, spawning times, &c. that are caught in the 
 Thames, or sold in London. With some few observations 
 on the nature, element, cloathing, numbers, passage, weirs, 
 and sensation, &c. peculiar to Fish in general, and also of 
 the water carriage, &c. &c. 8vo. Lond. 1758. 
 
 Blagrave's (J. Gent.) Epitome of the Art of Husbandry. 
 12mo. Lond 1669, contains brief experimental Directions 
 for the right use of the Angle, reprinted. 8vo. Lond. 
 1670. 8vo. Lond. 1685. 
 
 Blome's Gentleman's Recreations, Treating on the Art 
 of Horsemanship, Hunting, Fowling, Fishing, and Agri- 
 culture. Fol. Lond. 1686. Fol. Lond. 1710. 
 
 Boult's Sportsman's Companion, 3 vols. including An- 
 gling. 
 
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 
 
 Boaz (H.), the Angler's Progress, written July 4th, 1789. 
 (a broadside). 2nd edit. 8vo. Lond. 1820. 3rd edit. 
 Lond. 1820. 4th edit. Newcastle, 1820. 
 
 Bowlker (Richard, of Ludlow), The Art of Angling, 
 improved in all its parts, especially Fly-fishing. 12mo. 
 Worcester (supposed date 1746). 2nd edit, by Charles 
 Bowlker, of Ludlow, his son. 8vo. 1774. Birmingham, 
 Baskerville. 3rd edit. 1780. 4th edit. 1786. 5th edit. 
 1792. A new edition, 8vo. Ludlow, 1806. 8vo. Lud- 
 low, 1814. 12mo. Ludlow, 1829. 
 
 *** A dextrous family of Trout Anglers who lived in 
 Ludlow. White. 
 
 Boyle's (Hon. Robert) Angling improved to spiritual 
 uses, forms part of a volume entitled Occasional Re- 
 flections upon several subjects. 8vo. Lond. 1665. 2nd 
 edit. 1669. A new edition, with preface and life by Ley- 
 land, 12mo. Lond. 1808. 
 
 Briefe Treatise of Fishing; with the Art of Angling. 
 4to. Lond. 1614. (This forms a part of the Jewell for 
 Gentrie, by T. S. and is in fact but a reprint of the work 
 ascribed to Juliana Barnes). 
 
 i/ Brookes (Dr. R.), The Art of Angling, Rock and Sea 
 > 6 Fishing, with a Natural History of River, Pond, and Sea 
 j") Fish. 8vo. Lond. 1740. The prints chiefly borrowed 
 from Willoughby, and the Treatise of Angling from Chet- 
 ham. 2nd edit. 8vo. Lond. 1743. Improved, with ad- 
 ditions, and formed into a Dictionary, 8vo. Lond. 1766. 
 2nd edit. 17 - -. 3rd edit. Lond. 1770. 4th edit. 1774. 
 5th edit. Lond. 1781. 6th edit. Lond. 1785. 7th edit. 
 Lond. 1789. "A new edit/' Lond. 1793, 1801, 1807; v 
 and Dublin, 1811. 
 
 Brookes (R.), The Natural History of Fishes and Ser- 
 pents, to which is added an Appendix, containing the 
 whole art of Float and Fly Fishing. 8vo. Lond. 1790. 
 
ON ANGLING. 
 
 Browne's (Moses) Piscatory Eclogues were first pub- 
 lished without his name, in 1729. A second edition was 
 published, with his poems on various subjects, in octavo, 
 1 739. (The author states that these poems were written in 
 his twenty-third year.) A third in an extended form, by 
 itself, accompanied with notes, in 1773. In 1750, Moses 
 Browne edited WaUon and Cotton's Angler, with a preface 
 and notes, and some valuable additions ; this was repub- 
 lished in 1759 and 1772, in the former year drawing him 
 into a controversy with Sir John Hawkins, who happened 
 to be then publishing an improved edition of the same 
 work. 
 
 Brown's (Dr. Patrick) Catalogue of the Fish of Ireland. 
 
 Inserted in Exshaw's Gentleman's and London Magazine, 
 Aug. 1774. 
 
 Carroll (W.), The Angler's Vade Mecum, containing 
 an account of the Water Flies, their seasons, the kind of 
 weather that brings them most on the water, the whole 
 represented in twelve coloured plates; to which is added 
 a description of the different baits used in Angling, and 
 where found. 8vo. Edin. 1818. 
 
 Charfy (Guiniad), The Fisherman ; or, Art of Angling 
 made easy. 8vo. Lond. n. d. 2nd edit. 8vo. 
 
 Charleton (T. W. Royal Navy), The Art of Fishing, a 
 poem. 8vo. North Shields, 1819. 
 
 Chetham's (Jas. of Smedley) Angler's Vade Mecum ; or, 
 a compendious, yet full discourse of Angling. 8vo. Lond. 
 1681. 2nd edit. 8vo. Lond. 1689. 3rd. edit. 8 vo. Lond. 
 1700. 
 
 Mr. White, of Crickhowell, observes, " The author of this 
 work is said to be of a noted family." 
 
 Clifford (Charles), The Angler, a Didactic poem. 12mo. 
 Lond. 1804. 
 
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 
 
 Cockayne's Rules for Angling; or, Young Instru- 
 ments. 1670. 
 
 Cole (Ralph, Gent.), The Young Angler's Pocket Com- 
 panion. 12mo. Lond. 1795,1813. 
 
 Complete Family Piece, and Country Gentleman and 
 Farmer's Best Guide. 2nd edit. 8vo. Lond. 1737, part 
 II. Chap. II. p. 329 to 350. " Containing Cautions, 
 Rules, and Directions to be taken and observed in Fish- 
 ing; with the manner of making and preserving Rods, 
 Lines, Floats, Artificial Flies, &c. &c. and for chusing 
 and preserving several sorts of curious baits." 
 
 Compleat Fisher ; or, the true Art of Angling, by J. S. 
 See True Art of Angling. 
 
 Cotton's (Charles) Compleat Angler, being instruc- 
 tions how to angle for a Trout or Grayling in a clear 
 stream. Lond. 1676 ; forming a second part to Walton. 
 Vide Walton. 
 
 Countrey Gentleman's Companion. 2 vols. 12mo. 
 Lond. 1753. Named in the title by a Country Gentle- 
 man, from his own experience, and printed for the author. 
 It is however nothing more than a reprint of Markham's 
 work without acknowledgment. The Treatise on Angling 
 occurs; vol. ii. p. 61 106. Second edit. 8vo. Dublin, 
 1755, reprinted in one volume. 
 
 Cox's (Nicholas) Gentleman's Recreation, in four parts, 
 viz. Hunting, Hawking, Fowling, Fishing, and Agri- 
 culture. 8vo. Lond. 1674. 2nd edit. 8vo. Lond. 1677. 
 3rd edit. 8vo. Lond. 1686. 4th edit. 8vo. Lond. 1697. 
 5th edit. 8vo. Lond. 1706. 6th edit. 8vo. Lond. 1721. 
 
 Daniel's (Rev. W. B.) Rural Sports. 2 vols. 4t.o. 
 Lond. 1801-2. 3 vols. royal 8vo. Lond. 1801. 3 vols. 
 
ON ANGLING. 
 
 imperial 4to. Lond. 1805. 3 vols. royal 8vo. 1812. 
 
 Large Paper, in 4to. 
 
 The edition of 1805 has considerable additions, which have 
 extended the work to three volumes. It likewise contains 
 additional plates, and proofs of all the larger subjects, which 
 were originally taken off for separate sale. 
 
 Supplement to the Rural Sports. Royal 8vo. 4to. and 
 imperial 4to. Lond. 1813. 
 
 The Supplement contains Anecdotes of Fish and Fishing, 
 an Account of the Rivers of Great Britain, &c. 
 
 Davy's (Sir Humphry, bart.) Salmonia; or, Days of 
 Fly Fishing, in a series of conversations, with some ac- 
 counts of the habits of Fishes belonging to the genus 
 Salmo. 8vo. Lond. 1828. 2nd edit, with engraved 
 views, 8vo. Lond. 1829. 3rd edit. 8vo. Lond. 1832. 
 
 *** A review of this work appeared in the Quarterly, 
 attributed to Sir Walter Scott, and another by Professor 
 Wilson, in Blackwood's Magazine. 
 
 D [ennys] (J [ohn], Esq.) Secrets of Angling, teaching 
 the choicest Tooles, Baytes, and Seasons for taking of 
 any Fish in pond or riuer, practised and familiarly opened 
 in three bookes, by J. D. Esquire. 12mo. Lond. 1613. 
 Second edition, augmented with many approved experi- 
 ments, by W. Lauson. Lond. printed by Roger Jack- 
 son, 1652. 
 
 This poetical treatise is entered in the Stationers' Books 
 as by John Dennys ; but Walton ascribed it to John Davors, 
 and by others without sufficient authority it is ascribed to 
 Davies and Donne. It contains commendatory Verses by 
 Jo. Davies, and is dedicated by the Stationer R. J. to Mr. 
 John Harborne, of Tackley, in the county of Oxford. 
 
 In the title of this book, is a wood-cut representing two 
 men, one with a sphere at the end of his angle, and on a 
 label, 
 
 Hold, hooke and line, 
 
 Then all is mine 
 the other with a fish, 
 
 Well fayre the pleasure 
 
 That brings such treasure. 
 
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 
 
 Reprinted in the Censura Literaria, with a short adver- 
 tisement, and an index. STO. Lond. 1811. (a hundred copies 
 taken off separately.) 
 
 Beloe says, " Perhaps there does not exist in the circle 
 of English Literature a rarer hook than this. Sir John 
 Hawkins confessed he could never get a sight of it." 
 Anecd. of Literature, vol. ii. p. 64. 
 
 Dictionarium Rusticum Urbanicum et Botanicum, or 
 Dictionary of all kinds of Country Affairs. 8vo. Lond. 
 1704. 2nd edit. 1717. 3rd edit. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 
 1726. 
 
 Donovan's (E. O.) Natural History of British Fishes ; 
 including scientific and general descriptions of the most 
 interesting species, and an extensive collection of accu- 
 rately finished plates, taken entirely from original draw- 
 ings, purposely made from the specimens in a recent 
 state, and for the most part when living. 5 vols. royal 
 8vo. Lond. 1802-8. 
 
 D.ubrauius's Newe Booke of good Husbandry, veiy 
 pleasant and of great profite both for Gentlemen and 
 Yeomen, conteining the order and manner of making fish 
 pondes, with the breeding, preseruing, and multiplyinge of 
 the Carpe, Tench, Pike, and Troute, and also divers kinds 
 of other Fresh Fish, translated from the Latine. 4to. 
 London, 1599. 
 
 Ellis's (Sir Henry) Catalogue of Books on Angling, 
 with brief notes of several of their authors, printed in the 
 British Bibliographer, and a few copies taken off separately. 
 8vo. 1811. Reprinted in the Supplement to Daniel's 
 Rural Sports, without acknowledgment. 
 
 Egan's (Pierce) Book of Sports. 8vo. Lond. 1832. No. 
 JX. p. 137 to 142, a portion of the conference between 
 
ON ANGLING. 
 
 an Angler, a Hunter, and Falconer (from Walton), No. 
 XVIII. p. 272. The Jolly Anglers (a collection of some 
 Angling songs, and completion of the conference). 
 
 Essay on the Right of Angling in the River Thames, and 
 in all other public Navigable Rivers. 8vo. Reading, n.d. 
 A Letter to a proprietor of a Fishery in the River 
 Thames, in which an attempt is made to shew in whom 
 the Right of Fishing in public streams now resides. 2nd 
 edit. 8vo. Reading, 1787. 
 
 Evans (W. of Uxbridge), The Art of Angling ; or, 
 Complete Fly Fisher. 8vo. Uxbridge, Lake, 1820. 8vo. 
 London, Richardson. 
 
 (This book is taken almost verbatim from Bowlker's 
 Treatise.) 
 
 Fairfax's Complete Sportsman; or, Universal Angler. 
 12mo. Lond. 1758. 12mo. 1795. 
 
 Fisher (P.), Angler's Souvenir, with illustrations by 
 Beckwith and Topham. 12mo. Lond. 1835. 
 
 Fisherman's Assistant in the Thames. 8vo. 1697. 
 
 (See Thomas Martin, of Palsgrave, Catalogue. 8vo. Lynn, 
 1772.) Probably the same work as Laws and Ordinances of 
 the City of London relating to Fishing. 1697. post. 
 
 The Fisherman; or, Complete Guide for Anglers. 
 Lond. 1814. 
 
 Fishing and Hunting. 12mo. Lond. printed by Bailey. 
 
 Fletcher's (Rev. Phineas, Rector of Hilgay, Norfolk) 
 Sicelides, a Piscatory, as it hath been acted in King's 
 College. 4to. Cambridge, 1631. 
 
 Fletcher's (Rev. P.) Purple Island, or the Isle of Man : 
 together with Piscatorie Eclogs and other Poeticall Mis- 
 cellanies. 4to. Cambridge, 1633. 
 
 Fletcher's (Rev. P.) Piscatory Eclogues, with other 
 
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 
 
 Poetical Miscellanies and copious notes, [by Lord Wood- 
 houslee]. 8vo. Edin. 1771. 
 
 Ford's (D.D.) Piscatio; or, Angling, a poem written 
 originally in Latin, and inscribed to Arch. Sheldon. 8vo. 
 Oxon, 1733. Again published with original poems by 
 the same author, by George Sylvester, Gent. 8vo. Lond. 
 1733. The original is in Musarum Anglicanamm Ana- 
 lecta, &c. 8vo. Oxon, 1692. p. 129. 
 
 Franck's (Richard) Northern Memoirs, calculated for the 
 Meridian of Scotland. Wherein most or all of the cities, 
 citadels, sea-ports, castles, forts, fortresses, rivers, and 
 rivulets, are compendiously described. Together with 
 choice collections of various discoveries, Remarkable Ob- 
 servations, Theological Notions, Political Axioms, National 
 Intrigues, Polemick Inferences, Contemplations, Specu- 
 lations, and several curious and industrious Inspections, 
 lineally drawn from Antiquaries and other noted and in- 
 telligible persons of honor and eminency. To which is 
 added the Contemplative and Practical Angler, by way 
 of diversion. With a narrative of that experimented in 
 England, and perfected in more remote and solitary parts 
 of Scotland. By way of Dialogue. Writ in the year 
 1658, but not till now made publick. 8vo. Lond. 1694. 
 New edit, with preface and notes, by Sir Walter Scott. 
 8vo. Edin. 1821. 
 
 N.B. only 250 copies of this edition printed. One of the 
 most curious parts of this work, p. 272, relates to the Bur- 
 bolt, a fish rarely found, even in the Trent, &c. 
 
 Franck was a Captain in the Royal Army, under prince 
 Rupert, and was at the battle of Brentford, Nov. 12, 1642, 
 where they were conquerors, and drove the rebels into the 
 sea. White. 
 
 Gardiner. A Booke of Angling, or Fishing, Wherein 
 is shewed, by conference with Scriptures, the agreement 
 betweene the Fisherman Fishes, and Fishing of both na- 
 
ON ANGLING. 
 
 tures, Temporall and Spirituall. By Samuel Gardiner, 
 Doctor of DiviDitie. 
 
 Matthew iv. 19. I will make you fishers of men. 
 18mo. London : Printed by Thomas Parfoot, 1606. 
 
 Dedicated to Sir Henrie Gaudie, Sir Miles Corbet, Sir 
 Hamond Le Strange, Sir Henry Spellman, Knights, my verie 
 kind friends. 
 
 In the collection of the Rev. Mr. Cotton. 
 
 Gentleman Farmer, containing North's Discourse of 
 Fish and Fish Ponds. Lond. 1726. 
 
 Gentleman Angler, containing short plain instructions 
 whereby the most ignorant beginner may, in a little time, 
 become a perfect artist in Angling for Salmon, &c. &c. 
 8vo. Lond. 1726. 2nd edit. 8vo. 1736. 3rd edit. 8vo. 
 Lond. Hitch, without date. 8vo. Lond. 1753. 12mo. 
 Lond. Kearsley, 1786. 
 
 This work was again printed as a novel publication, in 
 1786, viz. as above by a gentleman, who has made it his 
 diversion upwards of fourteen years. 
 
 (In the first and other editions twenty-eight years' expe- 
 rience.) 
 
 Gentleman's Recreations for 1836. 12mo. Sherwood. 
 
 Gilbert's (William, Gent.) Angler's Delight, containing 
 the whole art of neat and clean Angling; wherein is 
 taught the readiest way to take all sorts of Fish, from the 
 Pike to the Minnow, together with their proper baits, 
 haunts, and time of fishing for them, whether in mere, 
 pond, or river. As also the method of fishing in Hackney 
 River, and the names of the best stands there ; with the 
 manner of making all sorts of good tackle fit for any 
 water whatsoever. Dedicated to Sir Richard Fisher. 
 12mo. Lond. 1676. 
 
 In this book, the Angler's Delight, at p. 14, we read of 
 Barbel frequenting London Bridge ; p. 31 the fresh title of 
 the second part. 
 
 The method of fishing, &c. occurs, p. 38. " Then go to 
 Mother Gilbert's, at the Flower de Luce, at Clapton, near 
 
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 
 
 Hackney, and whilst you are drinking a pot of ale, bid the 
 maid make you two or three pennyworth of ground bait, 
 and some paste (which they do very neatly and well), p. 40. 
 There is an excellent stand in the second meddow,on the left 
 hand, beyond the ferry, under a willow tree ; in the midst 
 of the meddow by the water side." 
 
 Mr. Haslewood, noticing the edition of 1676, says, " there 
 was probably an earlier edition, from the date of the licence 
 for the press that being," with allowance, October 20, 1674, 
 Roger L'Estrange. 
 
 The second edition was reprinted in fac-simile, about 
 1780, by a bookseller in Holborn. 
 
 Griffith's (Roger, Water Bailiff,) Essay to prove that 
 the Jurisdiction and Conservancy of the River Thames, 
 &c. is committed to the Lord Mayor and City of London, 
 both in point of Right and Usage. To which is added, 
 a Description of those Fish which are caught in the River 
 Thames. 8vo. Lond. 1746. See Binnell. 
 
 G [ryndalFs] ( W [illiam]) Hawking, Hunting, Fouling, 
 and Fishing, with the true measures of Blowing, now 
 newly collected by W. G. Faukener. 4to. Lond. Islip, 
 1596. Hawking, Hunting, and Fishing, with the true 
 measures of Blowing. Newly corrected and amended, 
 4to. Lond. Edw. Aide, 1596. 
 
 This book has a square wood-cut in the lower part of the 
 title, of a man with several hooks near him. A copy of the 
 wood-cut occurs in one of Bagford's volumes of scraps, in 
 the Harleian Collection of Manuscripts, in the British Mu- 
 seum. In Aide's edition * Fowling' is omitted. 
 
 Hanover Magazine, No. 23, March 21, 1763, contains 
 the translation of a letter giving an account of a method 
 to breed Fish to advantage. 8vo. Lond. 1778. 
 
 Hansard's (George Agar) Trout and Salmon Fishing in 
 Wales. 8vo. Lond. 1834. 
 
 Hawker's (Lt. Col. P.) Instructions to Young Sports- 
 men, in all that relates to guns and shooting. 8vo. Lond. 
 1824. (P. 162 to 183 relates to Trout Fishing, &c. &c.) 
 
 Hints to Anglers ; or, the Art of Angling Epitomised in 
 
ON ANGLING. 
 
 verse, with explanatory notes by T. F. S [alter], an old 
 Piscator, containing directions for making ground baits, 
 pastes, &c. 8vo. Lond. 1808. 
 
 Howitt. Vide Angler's Manual. 
 
 Hewlett's (Robert,) ' near forty years a practitioner in 
 this art' School for Recreation; or, a Guide to the more 
 Ingenious Exercises. (P. 158 to 182 on Fishing.) 8vo. 
 Lond. 1701. 8vo. Lond. 1710. 8 vo. Lond. 1720. 8vo. 
 Lond. 1732. Vide Angler's Sure Guide. 
 
 Husbandman (The Perfect), or the Art of Husbandry ; 
 byC. H. B. C. and C. M. 4to. Lond. 1658. Page 
 346 to 355 of Fish Ponds and Fish. 
 
 Husbandman's Jewel, with the Art of Angling, in- 
 cluding Fish and Fish Ponds. 
 
 Innocent Epicure; or, the Art of Angling, a Poem. 
 12mo. Lond. 1697. 2nd edit. 12mo. 1741, with the title 
 of Angling, a Poem, only. 
 
 The preface is by N. Tate, to the first edition, to whom it 
 is sometimes attributed, but the initials of the compiler head 
 the introductory epistle, J. S. to C. S. supposed to be the 
 same with the author of the True Art of Angling. 
 
 Johnson's (T. B.) Sportsman's Cyclopedia; being an 
 Elucidation of the Science and Practice of the Field, the 
 Turf, and the Sod ; or, in other words, the Scientific Opera- 
 tions of the Chase, the Course, and of all those Diversions 
 and Amusements which have uniformly marked the Cha- 
 racter of the Inhabitants of these Islands ; and which are 
 so ardently cherished, and so extensively followed by the 
 present generation : comprehending the Natural History 
 of all those Animals which constitute the objects of pur- 
 suit, accompanied with Illustrative Anecdotes. 8vo. 
 Lond. 1831. 
 
 Jacob's (Giles) Game Law ; or, Persons qualified to 
 
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 
 
 kill Game, keep Dogs, Nets, &c. ; and of Hawking, 
 Hunting, Fishing, and Fowling. 7th edit. 8vo. Lond. 
 1740. 
 
 Jacob (Giles), The Complete Sportsman, in three parts, 
 relating to Game, Dogs, Shooting, and Hunting, &c. 
 Part III. of Fish and Fishing. The most successful 
 methods of Angling, Baits, Tackle, Seasons, &c. 12mo. 
 Savoy, printed for J. Tonson, 1718. 
 
 Jacob's (Giles) Country Gentleman's Vade Mecum, 
 contains a few pages on Fish, Angling, and Fish Ponds, 
 p. 25 to 31. Lond. 1717. 
 
 Jesse's (Edward, esq. Deputy Surveyor of His Majesty's 
 Parks) Gleanings in Natural History, with Local Recol- 
 lections, to which are added Maxims and Hints for an 
 Angler. 8vo. Lond. 1832. Second Series, 8vo. Lond. 
 1834. Third Series, 1835. 
 
 Thames Fishing, by the author of Gleanings in Natural 
 History. See Fraser's Mag. No. XLIX. Jan. 1834. 
 
 Jewell for Gentrie; being an exact Dictionary, or true 
 Method to make any man understand all the Arts, Se- 
 crets, and Worthy Knowledges belonging to Hawking, 
 Hunting, Fowling and Fishing, together with all the true 
 measures for winding the Home. Now newly published, 
 and beautified with all the rarest experiments that are 
 known and practised at this day. Printed at London for 
 John Helme, in St. Dunstan's Church Yard, in Fleet 
 Street, 1614, 4to. Vide Briefe Treatise of Fishing. 
 
 Jolly Angler ; or, Water-side Companion. 8vo. Lond. 
 Wilson, 1833. 
 
 Kentish Angler ; or, the Young Fisherman's Instructor, 
 shewing the nature and properties of Fish, which are 
 angled for in Kent. 12mo. Canterb. 1804. 
 
ON ANGLING. 
 
 Kresz's (the younger) Treatise on Angling, as practised 
 in France, with plates of Artificial Flies, published in the 
 Sporting Mag. Vol. xxiii. 8vo. Lond. 1829, p. 137 
 to 142, also p. 219 to 224, and in Vol. xxiv. p. 2 to 
 30, and page 84 to 88. 
 
 Lambert's (James) Country Man's Treasure, to which 
 is added the Art of Hawking, Hunting, Angling, &c. 
 8vo. Lond. 1676, 1683. 
 
 Lascelles (Robert, Esq.), Angling, Shooting, and Cours- 
 ing. 8vo. 1815. Second edition, 8vo. Lond. 1818. 
 
 Lathy (T. P. Esq.), The Angler, a Poem in ten cantos, 
 comprising proper instructions in the Art, Flies, Bait, 
 Pastes, &c. with upwards of twenty beautiful cuts. 8vo. 
 Lond. 1820. 
 
 This Poem is only a rifacimento of The Anglers' Eight 
 Dialogues in Verse, without acknowledgment ; some copies 
 are dated 1819 with the following title, " The Angler, a 
 Poem in ten cantos, by Piscator." Vide Gentleman's Ma- 
 gazine, 1819, Part II. p. 405. 
 
 Twenty copies were printed on thick paper, and one on 
 vellum. 
 
 Laws and Ordinances of the City of London relating 
 to Fishing. 1697. 
 
 London Angler's Book ; or, Waltonian Chronicle, con- 
 taining much original information to Anglers generally, 
 combined with numerous amusing songs, and anecdotes 
 of Fish and Fishing, never before published, &c. 8vo. 
 Lond. 1834. 
 
 Mackintosh (Alexander, of Great Driffield, Yorkshire), 
 The Driffield Angler, in two parts ; or, Complete English 
 Angler. 18mo. Gainsborough. 
 
 (An association called the Driffield Anglers was formed of 
 noblemen and gentlemen, 1833, to preserve the streams in 
 the vicinity from poachers and depredations.) 
 
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 
 
 Markham's (Gervase) Cheap and Good Husbandry. 
 4to. Lond. 1615. contains a short chapter on Fish and 
 Fish ponds, 1616. 1631. 1648. 13th edition, 1676. 
 
 Markham's (Gervase) Young Sportsman's Delight, and 
 Instructor in Angling, Fowling, Hawking, Hunting. 32mo. 
 sold at the Golden Ring, in Little Britain, price 6d. 
 Lond. 1652. Reprinted by Gosden, 1820. 
 
 (Advertised 1744 by a second title as) A Compleat and Ex- 
 perienced Angler, in two parts ; or, the Angler's Vade Me- 
 cum. 12mo. printed for Conyers. 
 
 Among the additions by Gervase Markham to Maison 
 Rustique; or, the Countrey Fanne, compiled in the French 
 tongue, by Charles Stevens and John Liebault, also trans- 
 lated by Richard Surflet. Fol. Lond. 1616. Book IV. Chap, 
 xi. xvii. relate to the Poole, Fish pond, and Ditch, for 
 Fish. In the modern editions of La Maison Rustique will 
 be found much useful matter relating to Angling and Fish- 
 ing, as now practised in France. 
 
 Markham's (Gervase) Countrey Contentments ; or, the 
 Husbandman's Recreations. 1st edit, 4to. Lond. 1611. 
 2nd edit. 1613. 3rd edit, 1615. 4th edit. 1631. 5th 
 edit. 1635. 6th edit. 1639. 7th edit. 1640. 8th edit. 
 1649. 9th edit. 1656. 10th edit. 1668. llth edit. 
 1675. 
 
 The first edition does not contain the Treatise on Angling. 
 The Treatise is headed, " The whole Art of Angling; as it 
 was written in a small treatise in rime, and now for the 
 better understanding of the reader put into prose, and 
 adorned and enlarged." The rimes from which the Art of 
 Angling was taken, were probably those by John Denny s, 
 in his Secrets of Angling, 1613. It is word for word the 
 same as the Treatise published under the title of " The 
 Pleasures of Princes," vide postea. 
 
 Marshall (Charles, Vicar of Brix worth, Northampton- 
 shire), A Plain and Easy Introduction to the Knowledge 
 and Practice of Gardening, with Hints on Fish and Fish 
 Ponds. 12mo. Lond. 1796. 2nd edit. 12mo. Lond. 
 1798. 3rd edit. Lond. . 4th edit. 8vo. Lond. 1805. 
 5th edit. 8vo. Lond. 1813. 
 
ON ANGLING. 
 
 Martin's (J.) Angler's Companion and Guide to the 
 Whitehouse Fishery ; to which is added, a Trip to Brox- 
 bourn, or a Trolling Excursion. 12mo. London, Covvie 
 and Strange, n. d. 
 
 Mascall (Leonard), Booke of Fishing with Hooke and 
 Line, and all other instruments thereunto belonging; 
 also of sundrie Engines and Traps, to take Polcats, Buz- 
 zards, Rats, Mice, &c. &c. with very curious wood-cuts 
 of the pike and proche hook, instruments, &c. &c. 4to. 
 Lond. 1590, printed by John Wolf. Lond. 1596. Lond. 
 1600. Lond. 1606. 
 
 This Treatise contains a few improvements on Juliana 
 Barnes, with remarks on the preservation of fish in ponds. 
 
 Maxims and Hints for an Angler, and Miseries of 
 Fishing. Illustrated by Drawings on Stone, to which are 
 added Maxims and Hints for a Chess Player. Crown 
 8vo. Lond. 1833. Murray. 
 
 This volume is attributed to Richard Penn, esq. the grand- 
 son of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Medwin (Thomas, Esq. late of the Guards), The An- 
 gler in Wales; or, Days and Nights of Sportsmen. 
 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1834. 
 
 Moore's (Sir J.) England's Interest; or, the Gentleman 
 and Farmer's Friend. 12mo. Lond. 1703. 12mo. Lond. 
 1721. P. 99 to 157 contains the Angler's Sure Guide. 
 
 Morgan's Compleat Sportsman (including Angling). 
 12mo. 
 
 Names of Fish and their Seasons. 4to. [a broadside?] 
 
 Needham (T. H.), The Complete Sportsman. 8vo. 
 Lond. 1817. 
 
 (Page 300 311, Angling, and Laws relating to Fish). 
 
 Neil's Complete Angler ; or, the Whole Art of Fishing. 
 8vo. 1804. 10th edit. 8vo. 
 
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 
 
 Nelson's (William) Laws of England concerning the 
 Game of Hunting, Hawking, Fishing, and Fowling. 
 12mo. 1727, 1732, 1751, 1753, 1762. 
 
 New and Excellent Experiments, and Secrets in the 
 
 Art of Angling ; being directions for the whole art. 
 
 12mo. 1st edit. 1675. 2nd edit. Lond. 1677. 3rd edit. 
 
 1684. Vide Accomplished Lady's Delight. 
 
 Newcastle Angling Garlands, by the Waltonian Club, 
 
 instituted there April, 1822 : 
 
 Mitchell (W. A.) on the Pleasure and Utility 
 of Angling, a paper read to the club, 1824. 
 Angler's Progress ; a Poem. By H. Boaz, New- 
 castle, printed by Charnley, 1820. Tyne Fisher's 
 Farewell to his Favourite Stream ; or, the Approach 
 of Winter, by W. G. T. Newcastle, 1824. Fisher's 
 Garland for 1821, by R. R. Newcastle. For 1822, 
 by W. G. T. Coquet Side ; or, the Fisher's Gar- 
 land for 1823, by R. R. Newcastle. -The Fisher's 
 Garland for 1824, by R. R. ; for 1825, by R. R. 
 The Fisher's Garland for 1826, by R. R. New- 
 castle. The Fisher's Call for 1 827, by W. G. New- 
 castle. The Fisher's Garland for 1828, by T. D. ; 
 for 1829, by<T. D.; for 1830, by R. R. ; for 1831, 
 by W. G. T.; for 1832, by R. R. Newcastle. 
 
 Nobbes' (Rev. Robert, M. A. of Northampton) Com- 
 plete Troller; or, the Art of Trolling. Svo.Lond. 1682. 
 2nd edit, same date, reprinted in fac-simile about 1770 
 or 1790. 3rd edit, prefixed to the Angler's Pocket Book. 
 8vo. Norw. no date. 4th edit, appended to another 
 edition of the Angler's Pocket Book. 8vo. Lond. 1805. 
 Nobbes' Art of Trolling. New edition, 8vo. Lond. 1814. 
 
 From the circumstance of the author of this work signing 
 himself M. A. at the end of his verses on the Antiquitie 
 and Invention of Fishing, and from the Commendatory 
 Verses by Cambridge men in the first edition of this work, 
 
ON ANGLING, 
 
 printed 1682, I suspect him to have been the Robert Nobbes 
 mentioned in Bishop Rennet's Manuscript Collections, as 
 holding the Vicarages of Apethorp and Wood Newton, in 
 Northamptonshire, in 167&. I believe he succeeded Dr. 
 Robert South Sir H. E. 
 
 North's (Hon. Roger) Discourse of Fish and Fish 
 Ponds. Done by a Person of Honour. 8vo. Lond. 
 printed for Curl, 1713, 1714, 1715. Large 4to. Lond. 
 1770, with the author's name in the title page. 
 
 (This work is also found in an appendage to the Gentleman 
 Farmer. 8vo. Lond. 1726. See also Albin's Esculent Fish.) 
 
 North Country Angler ; or, the Art of Angling, as prac- 
 tised in the Northern Counties of England. 8vo. Lond. 
 1786. 2nd edit. 1787. 3rd edit. 8vo. Leeds, 1800 
 4th edit. 12mo. Lond. Richardson, 1801. 5th edit. 8vo. 
 Lond. 1817. 
 
 Oliver's (Stephen the younger, of Aldwark) Scenes and 
 Recollections of Fly Fishing, in Northumberland, Cum- 
 berland, and Westmoreland. 8vo. Lond. 1834. 
 
 Oppian's Halieulicks of the Nature of Fishes and Fish- 
 ing of the Ancients; in five books. Translated from the 
 Greek (into English verse), with an Account of Oppian's 
 Life and Writings, and a Catalogue of his Fishes. 8vo. 
 Oxford, 1722. 
 
 " This is a creditable performance. The translators were 
 Mr. Diaper and Mr. Jones, both of Baliol College." Watt. 
 
 Peacham (Henry), The Complete Gentleman. 4to. 
 Lond. 1634, 1661. 
 
 There is a chapter concerning fishing in the second and 
 third editions of this work, but not in the first edit. 1622. 
 
 Perpetual Memorandum, and Universal Pocket Book, 
 for Ladies, Gentlemen, and Men of Business, together 
 with the Complete Art of Angling, with the different baits, 
 &c. in every month of the year. 8vo. 
 
 (The advertisement of this little treatise, which consists of 
 only thirty-three pages, is dated Penrith, 1791.) 
 
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 
 
 Piscatorial Reminiscences and Gleanings, by an Old 
 Angler and Bibliopolist. Fscap. 8vo. Lond. Pickering, 
 1835. 
 
 Plan for the Improvement of the Fishery in the River 
 Thames. 8vo. Lond. 1787. 
 
 Pleasures of Princes; or, Good Men's Recreations, 
 containing a Discourse of the General Art of Fishing 
 with the Angle, or otherwise, of all the hidden secrets 
 belonging thereunto, together with the choyce, ordering, 
 breeding, and dyetting of the fighting cocke, being a 
 worke never in that nature handled by any former author. 
 4to. Lond. 1614. 4to. Lond. printed by T. S. for John 
 Browne, 1615. 4to.Lond. 1635, Norton. 
 
 (This work forms a part of the second booke of G. Mark- 
 ham's English Husbandman, but not with a copy of 1613, 
 and also printed in Markham's Country Contentments. 
 
 Pollard (Richard, Esjq. of Clapton), The New and 
 Complete Angler ; or, Universal Fisherman. 8vo. Lond. 
 1802. 
 
 Practical Observations on Angling in the River Trent ; 
 by a Gentleman resident in the neighbourhood, who has 
 made the amusement his study for upwards of twenty 
 years. [Charles Snart, attorney, Newark]. 8vo. Newark, 
 1801. 12mo. London, Robinson, 1812. 
 
 Rawling's Sermon, preached at Mercers' Chapel, " Fish- 
 ermen Fishers of Men." Lond. 1609. 
 
 Rennie's (James, M.A. professor of Zoology, King's 
 College) Alphabet of Scientific Angling, for the Use of 
 Beginners (with a portrait of Christopher North). 12mo. 
 Lond. 1833. 
 
 Royal Fishing Revived. 4to. 1670. 
 Royal Trade of Fishing. 4to. Lond. 1662. 
 
ON ANGLING. 
 
 Rules and Orders for Fishing in the Thames and in the 
 Waters of the Medway. 8vo. 1785. Vide Binnell and 
 Griffith. 
 
 Salter (Robert, Esq.), The Modem Angler, being a 
 practical Treatise on the Art of Fishing, &c. in a series of 
 letters to a friend. Oswestry. 1811. 
 
 The letters were addressed to the Rev. Morgan Pryse. 
 
 Salter (T. F. Gent, of Clapton), The- Angler's Guide, 
 being a New, Plain, and Complete Practical Treatise on 
 Angling, for Sea, River, and Pond Fish, deduced from 
 many years' experience and observation. 8vo. Lond. 
 
 1814. 2nd edit. 8vo. Lond. 1815. 3rd edit. 8vo. Lond. 
 
 1815. 4th edit. 8vo. Lond. 1816. 5th edit. 8vo. Lond. 
 . 6th edit. 12mo. Lond. 1826. 7th edit. 12mo. 
 Lond. 1830. 8th edit. 12mo. Lond. 1833. 
 
 (The Troller's Guide was added to the 12mo. and later 
 editions.) 
 
 Salter's Young Angler's Guide; abridged from the 
 above work. 18mo. 2nd edit. 12mo. Lond. 3rd edit. 
 12mo. Lond. 1829. 
 
 Salter's Troller's Guide, being a Complete Practical 
 Treatise on the Art of Trolling or Fishing for Pike and 
 Jack, with twenty-eight plates. 12mo. Lond. 1820. 
 12mo. 2nd edit. 1830. See Hints to Anglers. 
 
 Sannazarius's (Ja.) Ocers, a Pastoral, translated from 
 the Latin of Sannazarius, with some Account of Sanna- 
 zarius and his Piscatory Eclogues. 4to. Camb. 1724. 
 
 Sannazarius's Piscatory Eclogues, by Rooke. 8vo. 
 Lond. 1726. 
 
 Saunders (James, Esq. of Newton Awbery, upon 
 Trent), The Compleat Fisherman, or Universal Angler, 
 being a large and particular account of all the several 
 
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 
 
 ways of Fishing now practised in Europe. 12mo. Lond. 
 1724. 2nd edit. Lond. 1778. 4to. edit. Fielding and 
 Walker, Lond. n. d. 
 
 (The first author that mentions silk -worm gut.) 
 
 School for Reform; or, Guide to the most Ingenious 
 Exercises. 8vo. Lond. 1701. 
 
 Schulte's (Henry) Essay on Aquatic Rights, intended 
 as an illustration of the law relative to Fishing, &c. 8vo. 
 Lond. 1811. 
 
 Secrets of Angling, by C. G. a brother of the Angle. 
 12mo. Lond. 1705. 
 
 Shillinglaw (Rev. Thomas), A New System of Angling. 
 2 vols. 18mo. intended to have been published by sub- 
 scription, but never appeared. 
 
 Shirley's (Thomas, of Richmond, Surrey) Angler's Mu- 
 seum ; or, the whole Art of Float and Fly Fishing, with 
 portrait of Kirby, the celebrated Angler. 12mo. Lond. 
 1784. 2nd edit. 12mo. 3rd edit. 12mo. 
 
 Smith's (Dr.) Account of the Fishes in Massachusetts, 
 and Observations on Angling. 8vo. Boston, 1833. 
 
 Smith (Thomas) Every Man his own Fisherman. 
 24mo. Lond. published about 1770 or 1776. 
 
 Songs of the Chace. 8vo. Lond. 1811. 
 
 (In this book are twenty- four Songs on the subject of 
 Angling.) 
 
 Sporting Magazine, 2nd series, contains the following 
 interesting information to Anglers : 
 
 Piscatory Chit-Chat, in four letters. Vol. xiii. p. 
 
 52, 120, 254, 339. 
 Fishing on the Dee. Vol. xiv. p. 82. 
 On Stocking Ponds. Vol. xiv. p. 157. 
 
tfN ANGLING. 
 
 On Fly Fishing. Vol. xiv. p. 283. Vol. xv. p. 
 
 146. 
 Barbolt, engraving of, and account of. Vol. xv. 
 
 p. 168. 
 King's Arms, Rye House, River Lea. Vol. xix. 
 
 p. 73. 
 
 Walthamstow Ferry Fishery. Vol. xxiii. p. 52. 
 Roach. Vol. xxiv. p. 285. Dace, p. 420. 
 Fly Fishing in Wales. Vol. xxiv. p. 270. 345. 403. 
 
 Sportsman's Dictionary; or, the Country Gentleman's 
 Companion in all Rural Recreations. 2vols. 8vo. 1735. 
 4to. [ ] 8vo. by Johnson, containing a full account of 
 Angling in general, and Roach Fishing in particular. 
 
 Stevenson (M.), The Twelve Months; or, a pleasant 
 and Profitable Discourse of every action, whether of 
 Labour or Recreation, proper to each particular Month, 
 branched into directions relating to Husbandry, as Plow- 
 ing, Sowing, Gardening, Planting, &c. &c. also the or- 
 dering of Cattle and Bees : of Recreations, as Hunting, 
 Hawking, Fishing, Fowling, Coursing, &c. Likewise is 
 added necessary advice touching physick, &c. 4to. 
 Lond. 1661. 
 
 Stoddart's (Thomas Tod) Art of Angling, as practised 
 in Scotland. 12mo. Edin. 1835. 
 
 Sylvester's Poems, containing also Piscatio; or, Art 
 of Angling. 8vo. Oxford, 1733. Vide Ford. 
 
 Tabella Cibaria. The Bill of Fare : a Latin poem, 
 implicitly translated, and fully explained in copious and 
 interesting notes, relating to the Pleasures of Gastronomy 
 and the mysterious Art of Cookery. 4to. Lond. 1820. 
 
 This learned work contains some curious note.s upon Fish, 
 and was written by the Abbe M'Quin. 
 
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 
 
 Taverner's (John) Certaine Experiments concerning Fish 
 and Fruite, practised by him, published for the benefit of 
 others. 4to. printed by W. Ponsonby, 1600. 
 
 (On the family of John Taverner, see Master's Hist of 
 C.C.C. Cambridge.) 
 
 Tate's Art of Angling, a Poem. 1741. Vide Innocent 
 Epicure. 
 
 Taylor's (Sam. Gent.) Angling in all its Branches, re- 
 duced to a Complete Science, in three parts. 8vo. Lond. 
 1800. 
 
 True Art of Angling, by J. S. Gent, a Brother of the 
 Angle. 24mo. Lond. 1696. 2nd edit. Lond. . 
 Compleat Fisher; or, True Art of Angling, by J. S. 
 the 3rd edit. 24mo. Lond. 1704. 4th edit. 24mo. Lond. 
 1716. 5th edit. 24mo. Lond. 1725. 
 
 The Complete Fisher; or, True Art of Angling, revised 
 and corrected. 24mo. Lond. 1740, printed for Onesi- 
 mus Ustonson. 
 
 (At the back of the title is a recommendation of the work 
 signed 
 
 Wm. Wright. Rob. Lewes. 
 
 Rob. Cole. Roger Filewood. 
 
 Wm. Andrews. Phillips Brice. 
 
 J. Turner. J. Rollings, 
 
 which asserts that " this book has passed several editions.") 
 The places round London for Angling noticed in this work 
 are worth attention. 
 
 Sir H. Ellis has another edition of this work in his own 
 library, without date, printed for J. Hazard and J. White. 
 
 There is another edition of the same size, title, and date, 
 with a diflerent wood-cut at the beginning, and with material 
 variations. 
 
 Vanier's Book upon Fish, translated by the Rev. J. 
 Buncombe, with a brief Introduction, and passages from 
 English Writers, selected as notes. 8vo. Lond. 1809. 
 
 (This Translation of Vanier was inserted entire in the 
 Censura Literaria,by Mr. Hasle wood, the separate copies to 
 which the title was added were but few ; the whole was 
 printed by Daniel, in his Supp. to Rural Sports.) 
 
ON ANGLING. 
 
 Venables (Colonel Robert), The Experienced Angler ; 
 or, Angling improved, being a General Discourse of 
 Angling. 8vo. Lond. 1662. 
 
 (Advertised as now newly extant* in the Kingdom's In- 
 telligencer of Sept. 9, 1661.) 
 
 2nd edit. 12mo. Lond. 3rd edit. 12mo. Lond. 1668. 
 4th edit. 12mo. Lond. 1676. 5th edit. 12mo. Lond. 
 1683. 6th edit. 8vo. Lond. 1825. A reprint, with a 
 Memoir of Colonel Robert Venables prefixed. 
 
 The second edition was probably printed about 1666, and 
 burnt in the great fire ; no copy is at present known. 
 
 Col. Venables' name first appears in the third edition. 
 
 (The fourth edition forms the third part of the Universal 
 Angler.) 
 
 The Universal Angler; or, that Art Improved in all its 
 parts, especially in Fly-Fishing. The whole interspersed 
 with many curious and uncommon observations. 12mo. 
 Lond. 1766. 
 
 (This book is copied from Bowlker's Art of Angling, printed 
 at Worcester, with some few additions taken from Walton, 
 Cotton, and Hawkins.) Wm. White. 
 
 Walton's (Isaac, of Stafford) Compleat Angler; or, the 
 Contemplative Man's Recreation, being a Discourse 
 of Fish and Fishing, not unworthy the perusal of most 
 Anglers. 12mo. Lond. 1653. 2nd edit. 12mo. Lond. 
 1655. 3rd edit. 12mo. Lond. 1664. 4th edit. 12mo. 
 Lond. 1668. 5th edit. 12mo. forming the first of the 
 Universal Angler, by Walton, Cotton, and Venables. 
 12mo. Lond. 1676. 
 
 The 2nd edit, which was published only two years after 
 the first, appeal's to have been almost re-written with the 
 introduction of a third interlocutor in Auceps, and great 
 additions in every part. 
 
 The 3rd edit. Lond. 1661 and 1664, has titles of both dates, 
 no other variance. 
 
 The 3rd edition is the first that has the postscript 
 touching the Laws of Angling, and an index. 
 
 The 4th edition is a paginary reprint from the third 
 edition. 
 
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 
 
 The 5th edition is augmented, and the second part added 
 on fishing for Trout and Grayling, written by Charles Cot- 
 ton, Esq. of Beresford. 
 
 The above are all the editions of the Complete Angler, 
 published during the author's life. 
 
 6th edit. 12mo. Lond. 1750, edited by Moses Browne. 
 7th edit. 12mo. Lond. 1759, by Moses Browne. 
 
 Walton's Compleat Angler. 8th edit. Lond. 1760. 
 edited by John Hawkins, esq. afterwards Sir John Haw- 
 kins. 
 
 Advertised 27th Sept. 1759, as in the press and speedily 
 will be published, in opposition to Moses Browne, 7th edit, 
 published in that year. On the 1st July, 1760, it appeared an- 
 nounced as the only correct and complete edition, " and the 
 reader was informed that cuts are now added of the principal 
 scenes, designed by Mr. Wale, and engraved by Ryland, in 
 which the characters are dressed in the habits of the times, 
 which cuts, the reader may be assured, cost, in designing and 
 engraving, upwards of one hundred pounds." Browne put 
 forth a rival advertisement, showing his own emendation of 
 the poetry, declaring the boasted plates " copied from the 
 designs in his and the life of Walton, in chief part borrowed 
 from the one printed by him." 
 
 In 1765, in May and June, advertisements were put forth 
 of this edition by Rivingtons, with a new title. 
 
 9th edit. 8vo. Lond. 1766, edited by John Hawkins, esq. 
 10th edit. 12mo. Lond. 1772, edited by Moses Browne, 
 llth edit. 8vo. Lond. 1775, by Sir John Hawkins. 
 12th edit. 8vo. Lond. 1784, by Sir John Hawkins. 13th 
 edit. 8vo. Lond. 1792, edited by John Sidney Hawkins, 
 esq. 14th edit. 8vo. Lond. 1797, by Mr. Sidney Haw- 
 kins, but without the large plates. 15th edit. 8vo. Bag- 
 ster, Lond. 1808 (printed in three sizes, demy 8vo. royal 
 8vo. and 4to.). 16th edit, a fac-simile reprint of the first 
 edition, 1653, 12mo. Lond. 1810. 17th edit, edited by 
 Sir Henry Ellis, with new notes, &c. printed for Bagster, 
 in two sizes, demy 8vo. and royal 8vo. at Broxbourne, 
 1815. 
 
Ott ANGLING. 
 
 Walton's Complete Angler. 8vo. Lond. 1822, pub- 
 lished by Gosden, printed for J. Smith. Lond. 1823, 
 published by Major. 2nd edit, by Major, Lond. 1824. 
 3rd edit, by Major, 1835. 48mo. Pickering, Lond. 
 1825. 32mo. Pickering, Lond. 1827. 2 vols. 12mo. 
 Chiswick, by Whittingham, 1824, 1826. 
 
 Walton's and Cotton's Complete Angler, with Lives of 
 the Authors by Sir Harris Nicolas, and Illustrations by 
 Stothard and Inskipp. 2 vols. imperial 8vo. Lond. 
 1835-6. 
 
 This splendid edition contains the variations of all the 
 editions, and additional notes, with original and elaborate 
 Memoirs of Walton and Cotton which present many new 
 facts of the writers. 
 
 Whitney's (John, a Lover of the Angle) Genteel Re- 
 creation ; or, the Pleasures of Angling, a poem, with a 
 dialogue between Piscator and Corydon. 12mo. Lond. 
 1700. Reprinted 1820. (Only one hundred copies 
 printed.) 
 
 Whitney appears to have heen a native of Kent, and was 
 born about 1640. 
 
 Wilkinson's Angler's Complete Assistant. 4to. 
 
 Williamson (John, Gent, with above thirty years' ex- 
 perience), The British Angler ; or, a Pocket Companion 
 for Gentleman Fishers. 8vo. Lond. . 8vo. Lond. 
 1740. 
 
 Williamson (Capt. T. author of the Wild Sports of 
 India), The Complete Angler's Vade Mecum, being a 
 perfect code of Instruction on that pleasing science. 
 8vo. Lond. 1808. 
 
 Wilson (Professor John), The Angler's Tent, a Poem, 
 contained in his collected Poems. 2 vols. crown 8vo. 
 Edinb. 1825. 
 
 To this Author is attributed the spirited reviews of Sir 
 H. Davy's Salmonia and other works on Angling in Black- 
 wood's Magazine. 
 
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS ON ANGLING. 
 
 Whole Art of Fishing ; being a Collection and Im- 
 provement of all that has been written on the subject, with 
 many new experiments. 8vo. Lond. Curl, 1714. 2nd 
 edit, entitled the Gentleman Fisher ; or, the Whole Art 
 of Angling. 8 vo. Lond. 1727. 
 
 Worlidge's (John) Mystery of Husbandry, (of Fishing, 
 page 25362). Folio, Lond. 1687. 
 
 Yarrell's (William) History of British Fishes, with 
 Wood-cuts in the manner of Bewick. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 
 1835-6. 
 
 The most scientific work upon Fishes published in Eng- 
 land. Several papers by the same author upon Fish are 
 printed in the Linnean Transactions. 
 
 Young Angler's Assistant, or a New and Complete 
 Treatise on the Art of Angling. 32mo. Lond. Mason, 
 1813. 
 
 Young Angler's Companion, containing the Whole 
 Art, &c. 1682. A reprint of Gilbert varying the title, 
 and has added " how to Fox Fish," to fill what was a 
 blank page in the preceding editions. 
 
 Young Sportsman's Miscellany in Hunting, Shooting, 
 Racing, Angling, &c. 12mo. 1826. 
 
 C. Whittingham, Tooks Court, Chancery ^Lane. 
 

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