MONARCHY REVIVED. 
 
Ri;c.=>.-.ixx^j 
 
 'R.Coox}eT Sc- 
 
 per t>c-ulp! 
 
 (DmiAiEais© ssns i)ii€©s^ffi)o 
 
 Hiblisfied' by CScIf.BaMwyn, JTew^^ette^ Stfe^. 
 
MONARCHY REVIVED; 
 
 BEING 
 
 THE PERSONAL HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 CHARLES THE SECOND, 
 
 FROM 
 
 HIS EARLIEST YEARS 
 
 TO 
 
 HIS RESTORATION TO THE THRONE. 
 
 REPRINTED FROM THE EDITION OF 1661. 
 
 WITH FOURTEEN PORTRAITS. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PRINTED FOR CHARLES BALDWYN, 
 
 NEWGATE STREET. 
 
 MDCCCXXII. 
 
] '- 
 
 
 W/^/ A/'^'-^V-f- 
 
 /■' 
 
 • • • 
 
 • • • 
 
 • • • 
 
 • • • 
 
 • r r . t t 
 
 Printed by J. F. DOT«, St. John's Square, London. 
 
MONARCHY REVIVED, 
 
 IN 
 
 THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS 
 
 CHARLES THE SECOND; 
 
 WHOSE 
 
 LIFE AND REIGN 
 
 IS EXACTLY DESCRIBED IN THE ENSUING 
 
 DISCOURSE. 
 
 Hontron: 
 
 PRINTED BY R. DANIEL, FOR FRANCIS EGLESFIELD, AT THE 
 MARYGOLD, IN ST. PAUL's CHURCHYARD. 
 
 MDCLXI. 
 
 ? 
 
To the happy Preserver of his Sacred Majesty, 
 
 THE 
 
 LABY JANE LANE, 
 
 Madam, ^ 
 
 This small volume, humbly offered to 
 your hand, contains part of the life and reign of one 
 of the greatest monarchs in the world : the rest it is 
 hoped, as it will be the employment of a more elegant 
 pen, so it will not be accomplished till it afford a 
 chronicle of more years prosperities in these nations 
 than this is of miseries. That I have presumed to 
 dedicate it to your Ladyship, if I incur the censure 
 of boldness, I am confident every one ivill commend 
 the fitness of my choice : since nothing could be more 
 improper than to entitle your Ladyship to the relation 
 of that life, which, next under the Divine Provi- 
 dence, you were chiefly instrumental to preserve. To 
 you. Madam, we owe all that can be otved from 
 Christians, subjects, or men, to any person upon 
 earth; by whose dangerous but ever memorable 
 fidelity we are at length restored to whatever is dear 
 to us in those three capacities; and which is no small 
 
 B 2 
 
 iviliooi? 
 
consideratioriy to the liberty of publishing the impar- 
 tial truths (as far as the best relations afforded) ifi 
 this Book. Nor is the present age only obliged to 
 yoUy but your glory shall live upon record, and your 
 name (embalmed with praises) be preserved in the 
 memory of thankful posterity. In all which respects, 
 I have thought it my duty, both in testimony of my 
 particular loyalty and gratitude, to present this piece 
 to your Ladyship as the person that has the greatest 
 right to it, and withal publicly to acknowledge 
 myself. 
 
 Madam, 
 
 Your Ladyship's most devoted Servant 
 and eternal Honorer, 
 
 Fr. Eglesfield. 
 
A 
 TRUE AND ACCURATE RELATION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ILife ana l&ctgn 
 
 OF OUR 
 
 SOVEREIGN LORD AND KING 
 
 CHARLES THE SECOND. 
 
 King Charles, the first of that name, having 
 soon after his coming to the crown, married 
 Henrietta Maria, youngest daughter of Henry 
 the Fourth, and sister of Lewis the Thirteenth, 
 kings of France, was blessed with a son on the 
 twenty-ninth day of May, One Thousand Six 
 Hundred and Thirty. Upon whose birth, as the 
 King was going in solemn manner to the church 
 St. Paul in London, to present his grateful devo- 
 tions to God for his own and the nation's hap- 
 piness, in receiving so eminent a pledge of his 
 favour, there was observed a new star appearing 
 in the time of mid-day ; as if the heavens seemed, 
 by an extraordinary production, to emulate the 
 new splendour of the earth. The young Prince 
 was baptized at St. James's, on the twenty- 
 
seventh of July next ensuing, by the hand of Dr. 
 Laud, then Bishop of London (Dr. Abbot, Arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury, being rendered incapable 
 by an unhappy accident of shooting a man), and 
 received his father's name, Charles : his godfa- 
 thers were his two uncles, Lewis the Thirteenth, 
 King of France ; and Frederick, King of Bohe- 
 mia and Prince Elector Palatine of the Rhine ; 
 whose absence occasioning them to depute their 
 substitutes, the late Duke Hamilton represented 
 his Majesty of France, and the Duke of Richmond 
 the King of Bohemia. His godmother was Maria 
 de Medicis, Queen-Dowager of France, repre- 
 sented by the Dutchess of Richmond. 
 
 It deserves our notice, that he was born the 
 greatest prince that ever these nations knew; 
 never any before him having been born heir 
 apparent to the crowns of England, Scotland, 
 France, and Ireland ; which was intimated in 
 the silver coins made at the solemnity of his 
 baptism, on the reverse side whereof were the 
 arms of those four kingdoms with this motto, 
 Hactenus Anglorum nulli. 
 
 On the fourth day of November, One Thou- 
 sand Six Hundred and Thirty-One, it pleased 
 the Divine Providence to enlarge the royal 
 family by the birth of a daughter, the Lady 
 
S i-atticlLiivs Knx 
 
 S..L.ccpe"P boult ;. 
 
 jSa^L^'iT I©TgiEig ®if (SrIL®ISr©DSSErsm,o 
 
 I\cbtish^tZ by C &-II.Balttwj rvlfewq ate Slrerl . 
 
Mary, who was afterward (viz. May 2, 1G41), 
 married to William of Nassau, Prince of Orange, 
 by whom she hath a posthume son, named 
 William : a Princess whose perfections quali- 
 fied her for the bed of the greatest potentate in 
 Christendom, had not the interest of religion 
 been more considered in her match than ampli- 
 tude of teiTitory or title. 
 
 By the blessing of Heaven upon the royal 
 bed, the King became father to another son, 
 the most illustrious and renowned James Duke 
 of York, upon the thirteenth of October, in the 
 year One Thousand Six Hundred and Thirty- 
 Three ; he was solemnly baptized on St. James's 
 day next following, and within a few days after 
 created Duke of York ; a title borne by his 
 father, during the life of Prince Henry his elder 
 brother. 
 
 This prince hath, though yet in nis youth, so 
 signalized himself by his valour in the armies of 
 the Kings of Spain and France, that I think this 
 age, nor perhaps any of old, cannot afford his 
 parallel. 
 
 His Majesty likewise had another son brought 
 forth to him by his royal consort upon the twen- 
 tieth day of July, 1640, who was christened 
 Henry, and created Duke of Gloucester : and 
 
a daughter at Exeter, during the wars, upon the 
 sixteenth of June, 1644, named after her royal 
 mother Henrietta Maria. 
 
 - i; This is the surviving issue of our late sovereign 
 of blessed memory: and having thus briefly 
 given an account of the parentage and birth of 
 these illustrious princes, I shall proceed to re- 
 present the life of him who is particularly the 
 argument of this relation, Charles, Prince of 
 Wales, now our sovereign Lord King of Great 
 Britain, France, and Ireland, &c. 
 
 The care of his infancy was committed to the 
 right honourable the Countess of Dorset, wife 
 to the last earl ; till, after some years, having 
 outgrown female conduct, the present Marquess 
 of Newcastle was chosen by the King as a fit 
 person to imbue his youth with all the accom- 
 plishments requisite to greatness, and the reve- 
 rend Dr. Duppa, Lord Bishop of Chichester, 
 and now of Salisbury, as one able to form his 
 tender mind to true religion and virtue. 
 
 Every year of his childhood afforded new 
 promises and hopes, and even in that age, which 
 usually has not the advantage of discretion 
 either totally to subdue or at least to dissemble 
 the motions of passions, he expressed on all oc- 
 casions an extraordinary goodness and sweet- 
 
^ngnai-d Hur . 
 
 :Emmmr^imA,Wwmm-mm @:f @)BiLiii^^^ o 
 
 l^ibliihed by C ^TT^Baltfvfyrt ITew^afe^ Street. 
 
• • • • » « • • • 
 
 • ••, • •••♦» 
 
 • •• ; •••••• 
 
 • *... ♦ 
 
 • • • • • • • 
 
 J • .* •. • • 
 
 •• ••*,,• •• 
 
 • •••••• *•* • • • • 
 
ness of nature, seeming to have been born with 
 that equal temper of mind, which few men render 
 themselves capable of by the help of philosophy 
 and religion. Nor were his inclinations to vir- 
 tue more remarkable than those he had to ex- 
 cellent and solid arts, which the composedness 
 of his genius rendered more acceptable to him 
 than the levity of the most exquisite divertise- 
 ments. 
 
 In the ninth year of his age he happened to 
 break his arm, and was very sickly, faUing first 
 into a fever and shortly after into the jaundice ; 
 but by the favour of the divine Providence he 
 happily overcame his distempers, and afterward 
 attained a firmer health. 
 
 When he came to sit in the House of Peers 
 (1640), his first action in public affairs was the 
 carrying the King's letter to them, in favour of 
 that noble but unfortunate lord, the Earl of 
 Strafford ; the King hoping that when all other 
 respects could not prevail upon them, at least 
 the consideration of the dignity and goodness 
 of this royal messenger might something move 
 them to reflect upon the hard measure they had 
 determined for him. But through the cruel fate 
 of this brave man (or rather that of these three 
 kingdoms), the heat of I know not what strange 
 
10 
 
 zeal had made them so thirsty for his blood, 
 that a day or two's respite of execution of the 
 severest sentence that ever was given, was more 
 than could be afforded to the desires of their 
 King, though presented by the hands of their 
 Prince. This repulse he suffered, was certainly 
 the beginning (if not the cause) of all his ensuing 
 sufferings, and those of the Nation s too. For 
 soon after happened that fatal misunderstanding 
 between the King and the Parliament ; which 
 occasioning the King's withdrawing from Lon- 
 don, he commanded the Prince to attend him, 
 first at Greenwich, then at Hampton Court, then 
 at Theobald's ; the incensed Parliament and 
 City in the mean time regretting his escape out 
 of their hands, having designed to make advan- 
 tage of his person according as the contingency 
 of their affairs should suggest to them. From 
 thence, with the Duke of York, he accompanies 
 his father to Newmarket, and from thence into 
 Yorkshire, where they all stood before the gates 
 of Hull and were denied admission by Sir John 
 Hotham, till at length the two princely brothers 
 were by his special favour permitted as children 
 to see the town. 
 
 At York, the Northern Nobility and Gentry 
 offering their service to his Majesty, received 
 
 ^ 
 
11 
 
 thanks for it, but were not made use of (for pre- 
 vention of jealousy) until a greater danger in- 
 duced the king to neglect his safety no longer ; 
 and accordingly he selected a company of gal- 
 lant and loyal persons for his life guard, which 
 were commanded by the young Prince ; his 
 Majesty assuring them they should hazard their 
 lives no farther in defence of their country's laws 
 and liberties than himself ; and that they should 
 endanger themselves no farther for his person 
 than his own dear child. 
 
 In this manner he accompanied the King from 
 York to Newark in Nottinghamshire, and from 
 thence to Lincoln and Leicester, and back again 
 into Yorkshire : in which progress the King en- 
 deavoured to satisfy the counties he passed 
 through, of the uprightness of his intentions for 
 the good oFthe nation, and evidenced to them the 
 desperate courses the Parliament were engaging 
 in, in order to deprive him of the royalty left him 
 from his predecessors, and this under pretence 
 of liberty and religion. At his return into York- 
 shire, the King informs the gentlemen thereof the 
 Parliament's forwardness to a war, desires them 
 to spare him some arms, and to complete Prince 
 Charles's regiment for the guard of his person 
 under the command of the Earl of Cumberland. 
 
12 
 
 Not long after, the King having gathered a 
 considerable army, was met between Keinton 
 and Edge-hill in Warwickshire by that of the 
 Parliament under the conduct of the Earl of 
 Essex; there was the first considerable battle 
 fought of our civil Wars. The Prince was then 
 in the field, and the honourable Earl of Lindsey 
 (who was the King s general, and lost his life in 
 the fight), looking upon him very attentively, a 
 little before the conjunction of the armies, I 
 know not by what prophetical instinct uttered 
 these words. Therms a child horn to end that war 
 we mm begin. Which how miraculously accom- 
 plished, we cannot but gratefully acknowledge ; 
 the civil wars having continued ever since ; the 
 army which had subdued the one party, after- 
 ward turning their swords upon those that first 
 employed them, and the poor nation being 
 ruled by the sword, and always in a state of 
 war, and groaning under the miseries inflicted 
 on it by armed oppressors. 
 
 After this the King retired with the Prince to 
 Oxford, and committed him to the right honour- 
 able the Marquess of Hertford, then and still 
 Chancellor of that University, who provided for 
 him several worthy persons in the quality of 
 tutors for his instruction in all such languages 
 
13 
 
 and sciences as were convenient for the ac om- 
 plishment of a prince. During his residence 
 there it pleased God to visit him with the mea- 
 sles, and that not without some danger of death, 
 which by the divine mercy and indulgence to 
 these nations he avoided, and is respited we 
 hope for many years. Here he was very dili- 
 gent in commendable studies intermixed with 
 ingenious and innocent pleasures ; and upon the 
 King's summoning a Parliament thither, which 
 convened the twenty-second of January 1644, 
 himself with his noble brother, the Duke of York, 
 sat with the rest of the nobility in the upper 
 schools which were designed for the House of 
 Lords (as the Convocation House was to the 
 Commons) who were no inconsiderable number, 
 there being present at that assembly, besides 
 these two young Princes, the Lord Keeper Lit- 
 tleton, the Lord Treasurer Cottington, the Duke 
 of Richmond, the Marquess of Hertford, nine- 
 teen earls, three-and-twenty barons, and a hun- 
 dred and forty knights and gentlemen. 
 
 The next year the Prince betakes himself into 
 the field, being now about fifteen years old ; his 
 first course was we&tward, where, by his Ma- 
 jesty's order, he had attendants appointed him 
 suitable to the grandeur and state of an heir to 
 
14 
 
 three crowns ; he set up a royal court, and chose 
 out a retinue at his own pleasure (the King 
 though disapproving the action in a letter to the 
 Queen, yet admiring his discretion in the elec- 
 tion of them) scarce inferior (as a great observer 
 affirmed) to that of his deceased uncle. Prince 
 Henry. During this time the King of Portugal 
 sends over an Ambassador, who amongst seve- 
 ral specious proposals relating to his Majesty's 
 present exigencies, tenders one for a marriage 
 between the daughter of that King and the 
 Prince of Wales ; which for good reasons the 
 King his father put off with a civil answer, im- 
 porting a denial of the proposition, though (as 
 the policy of state affairs often makes it neces- 
 sary to do) in words expressing no dislike of it. 
 After that fatal battle of Naseby, which turned 
 the scale to the disadvantage of the royal in- 
 terest, several overtures intervened between 
 Prince Charles, the Lord Goring, and the Par- 
 liamentarian General Fairfax ; but the two for- 
 mer always received the same answer from him, 
 which signified nothing, viz. " That he was but 
 a servant to the Parliament, and could not ex- 
 ceed his commission, which empowered him 
 only to fight ; therefore in reference to a Treaty, 
 application ought to be made to his Masters at 
 
15 
 
 Westminster." The Prince accordingly writes 
 to him again to grant the Lords Hopton and 
 Culpepper leave to attend the King, and medi- 
 ate with him for a treaty with the Parliament : 
 to which the General upon grave consultation 
 with his committee of war returns his desire, 
 '* That his Highness would be pleased to dis- 
 band his army, and he would conduct him with 
 honour to the Parliament." This seeming too 
 hard a condition, the Lord Capel by the Prince's 
 command replied by letter, 
 
 ** That his Highness did not believe that his 
 overture of engaging himself in the mediation 
 of a blessed peace for this miserable kingdom 
 would have brought him an inhibition to quit 
 his duty to his royal father by dividing his in- 
 terest from that of his Majesty ; whereby he 
 should render himself unworthy and incapable 
 of the fruit of that peace he laboured for. If his 
 proposition might be consented to, he hoped 
 God would so bless his sincere intentions and 
 desires as to make him a blessed instrument to 
 preserve this kingdom from dissolution. But if 
 that be rejected, he should give the world no 
 cause to believe, that he would forfeit that 
 honour which only can preserve him in a capa- 
 city of doing that service, and should with pa- 
 
16 
 
 tience attend God's good pleasure, until his en- 
 deavours may be applied with preservation of 
 his innocence. This is all I have in command 
 from his Highness, your Servant, A. Capel/' 
 
 Such were the honourable, loyal, and good 
 intentions of this noble Prince, and such was the 
 insolence of the victors, and the fate of this na- 
 tion, that no mediation could be acceptable that 
 might prevent its approaching total ruin : so that 
 this generous letter received no other answer 
 but silence. 
 
 Shortly after the Prince repairs to Oxford, 
 and there reconciles his cousins, the Princes 
 Rupert and Maurice, to his father, their uncle. 
 From thence also he writes several letters to 
 the Speaker of the House of Peers, containing 
 propositions for reconciliation and peace ; which 
 notwithstanding took no effect. Therefore he 
 departs into the West, with intent to raise the 
 forces of his dukedom of Cornwall and the 
 county of Devon for the relief of Exeter, which 
 was at that time besieged by Sir Thomas Fair- 
 fax. In order to which he commits his own 
 army to the conduct of the Lord Hop ton, who 
 soon after resolved to come upon the back of 
 Fairfax, and accordingly advanced to Torring- 
 ton with five thousand horse, and four thousand 
 
17 
 
 foot. Fairfax hearing this leaves his siege, and 
 marches towards Torrington. The battle began 
 near the town, which was, after a sharp encoun- 
 ter, taken, and the Lord Hopton himself shot in 
 the thigh, but escaped away to Stratton. His 
 Highness in the mean time was at Lanceston, 
 but understanding the approach of Fairfax's 
 army, he quitted it, leaving Colonel Basset be- 
 hind him with five hundred foot and horse, who 
 skirmished with the Parliamentarians, and being 
 soon worsted, got off by the favour of the dark- 
 ness of the night. The Prince in the mean time 
 goes to Pendennis, where finding the pursuit so 
 hot, he embarked himself for the Isle of Scilly 
 on the first of March, 1646, accompanied by 
 the Lords Goring and Culpepper, and Sir Ed- 
 ward Hyde. Soon after his departure, the Lord 
 Hopton, finding Fairfax's successes daily to in- 
 crease, and himself unable to do any service to 
 check them with those broken forces he had left, 
 desires a cessation ; but the General summons 
 him to lay down arms ; upon which ensued a 
 treaty at Tresilian Bridge ; Sir Thomas Fairfax 
 quartering at Truro, and the Lord Hopton 
 further westward ; between whom it was agreed, 
 upon the thirteenth of March, " That the Lord 
 Hopton should disband his army in the West, 
 
 c 
 
18 
 
 and have fifty horse of his own and fifty of Ge- 
 neral Fairfax's, for his convoy to Oxford : that 
 all strangers should have passes to go beyond 
 seas, and to carry with them what was their 
 pwn without horses and arms. That all English 
 ofiicers should go home to their respective habi- 
 tations, or, if they pleased, beyond sea: each 
 colonel to have his horse, and two men to wait 
 on him ; each captain one man and horse ; the 
 troopers twenty shillings apiece, and to go 
 whither they pleased." 
 
 Such was the fate of the royal cause, under 
 the conduct of this heroical Prince, who wanted 
 fortune rather than virtue to be happy. 
 
 Hitherto we have with all succinctness and 
 verity represented the adventures and actions 
 of his Highness from his infancy here in Eng- 
 land. He was now about sixteen years old, the 
 last six of which he had been a spectator of his 
 Father's calamities, and the ruin of his native 
 country, having been a sufferer in both, as soon 
 as he was become capable to distinguish be- 
 tween good and evil. Most part of his tender 
 age was spent in armies, amongst the tumults 
 and noise of an unfortunate war; and now he 
 finds himself enforced to quit the territory of 
 England, leaving the King, his father, with the 
 
From. aIWrLCl>-vR.Fid.th.oi?ii 
 
 qw)m-i,)^ )0Ti'^x?n&iii§5r'i?.^ M^^^hAo 
 
 Pt/S/ished. by C tk ir.BcvMwyn, . NewoA^^ otre^l> . 
 
• . • • • 
 
 • • c » • 
 
19 
 
 Duke of York, and the two Palatine Princes; 
 Rupert and Maurice, closely besieged in Oxford 
 by the Parliament's forces, and most of the other 
 garrisons of the King's ready to surrender to the 
 power of their victorious armies. The sense of 
 all which certainly had been insupportable by 
 a spirit less courageous and firm against such 
 heavy adversities than that of this young hero. 
 We must now follow him into the Island of Scil- 
 ly, where he had not been long, but a solemn 
 message is sent from the Parliament, **to invite 
 him to come to them, and to reside in such 
 places as they thought convenient, with such 
 attendants and counsellors as should be by them 
 appointed." It being no part of my design to 
 comment upon any passages of this history, but 
 only to represent things nakedly as they were 
 done, I shall forbear to make any conjectures 
 what the intentions of the Parliament were in 
 this invitation, leaving the readers to their own 
 judgment. Indeed the Prince had inducements 
 enough to move him to accept of their, offer, his 
 Father's condition in a manner desperate, his 
 own little better, having no hopes left but those 
 slender ones of foreign succour ; it might have 
 seemed the best and safest course to a young 
 Prince, to secure his succession at least to the 
 
20 
 
 government, to have gone to them upon honour- 
 able terms; according to the example of Ed- 
 ward the Third, in the life-time of his father 
 Edward the Second. But loyalty prevailed 
 above all other considerations, and therefore 
 upon the twenty-fourth of April he returns this 
 prudent answer, "That it became him not to 
 do any thing in a matter of that concernment, 
 without his Royal Father's privity, advice, and 
 free consent; and therefore, before he could 
 satisfy the Honourable House, he desired that a 
 pass might be granted for the Lord Capel to go 
 to the King at Oxford, to take his advice, and 
 hearken to his royal pleasure, and make some 
 overtures to him in order to a peace." More- 
 over he desired that the reverend Archbishop of 
 Armagh, a person of transcendent learning, great 
 moderation, and of an unspotted and inoffen- 
 sive life, might have liberty to come to him. 
 These proposals, though extreme fair and rea- 
 sonable, were offered to deaf ears, and took no 
 effect. 
 
 In the mean time Fairfax having taken in the 
 City of Exeter, and the town of Barnstable, 
 upon articles, marches against Oxford, which 
 put the King upon thoughts of providing for his 
 owa safety ; and therefore on the thirteenth of 
 
21 
 
 April, he went out of Oxford in a disguise with 
 Parson Hudson, waiting upon Mr. John Ashburn- 
 ham, and upon the sixth of May got to the Scot- 
 tish army before Newark. Soon after which 
 Sir Thomas Glenham surrendered the city of 
 Oxford to General Fairfax upon the twenty- 
 fourth of June, 1646. The Duke of York was 
 carried from thence to St. James's, where he 
 met with his sister the Princess Henrietta Maria, 
 who was sent thither from the surrender of Exe- 
 ter, but was shortly after conveyed from Oat- 
 lands over to her mother in France, by her 
 governess the Lady Dalkeith. 
 
 From the Island of Scilly, the Prince removed 
 to that of Guernsey, where he had not long been, 
 but an ordinance is put out against him in the 
 nature of a ban, prohibiting all persons to repair 
 to him, or correspond with him by letter or 
 otherwise, upon pain of death without mercy. 
 Whereupon his abode here being so uncomfort- 
 able, he betakes himself for France, to visit his 
 mother and that court ; there he was received 
 with"great demonstrations of joy by all parties, 
 excepting the dissembling Cardinal Mazarine, 
 who though he pretended much respect, yet was 
 he inwardly glad to see him in distress and 
 €xile. From hence the Queen, being willing to 
 
22 
 
 comply with the active desires of her son (which 
 inclined him to break through these clouds of 
 misery and retirement, which seemed wholly to 
 obscure him), writes to the King by Major Bos- 
 vil, requesting him to permit the Prince to go 
 into the field with his uncle, the Duke of Orleans, 
 that summer in the head of a French army, that 
 was then designed for an expedition into Flan- 
 ders against the Spaniards. To which his Ma- 
 jesty refused to condescend, partly for that he 
 judged it an employment below a Prince of 
 Great Britain to serve any other king but his 
 own, whose pay and orders were once received 
 by a Roman Caesar, and partly because he knew 
 not how soon his service might be necessary for 
 his own country; and therefore he commands 
 him to wave that design, and await his further 
 instructions. 
 
 In the mean time it pleased the King of Kings 
 to lay his hand upon him, and visit him with an 
 intermitting fever, which continued upon him 
 for the space of some weeks ; until by the di- 
 vine blessing upon the physician s care, he was 
 recovered to perfect health. Soon after which 
 he received a commission from his royal Father 
 to be generalissimo of all the loyal forces that 
 survived of the late unsuccessful battles and 
 
23 
 
 garrisons. While he is advising about this af- 
 fair, the kingdom of Scotland, out of tenderness 
 of the Prince's safety, honour, and conscience, 
 move the King, ** That his son, the present hope 
 and future happiness of these nations, might not 
 be exposed in his youth to the dangers which 
 encompassed him in the French court, particu- 
 larly in reference to his religion, the perversion 
 of which might have fatal consequences in these 
 three kingdoms." Whereupon his Majesty from 
 Newcastle (whither the Scots, fearing least 
 General Fairfax should fall upon them and com- 
 pel them to deliver him up, retired with him) 
 writes to him, '' That he should wait upon his 
 Mother, and obey her dutifully in all things, re- 
 ligion only excepted, and that he should not stir 
 any whither without his directions." The Scots 
 also (by their Committee of Estates) write them- 
 selves to the Prince to invite him thither, *' Pro- 
 fessing that none of the late calamities (except 
 those that had befallen his royal Father) afflicted 
 them more than his Highness's absence : and 
 seeing their forces had entered England to do 
 their duty to reHgion,his Majesty, and his High- 
 ness, they humbly desire he would please to 
 honour and countenance their pious and loyal en- 
 deavours with his gracious presence, for whose 
 
24 
 
 honour, safety, and freedom, they engage the 
 pubhc faith of that kingdom. 
 
 "Signed, Crawford Lindsey." 
 
 In answer to this, he desires the Earl of Lau- 
 derdale to return his acknowledgments to the 
 States of Scotland, and assure them he would 
 do nothing misbecoming a good Prince, or un- 
 suitable to their civility. 
 
 But the Prince, in purs 'ance of his instruc- 
 tions, negotiating in behalf of his Father's af- 
 fairs in the French court, by his Mother's assist- 
 ance (whom her nearness of blood, great deserts, 
 and low condition, made powerful there), pre- 
 vails with the French to advance 10,000/. for the 
 Marquess of Ormond, towards the furtherance of 
 his Majesty's affairs in Ireland, as an earnest of 
 greater matters. And some remainders of his 
 Cornish forces getting to a head, others upon 
 order marching to him out of Ireland, he goes 
 to meet them at the Island of Jersey, with such 
 forces as he had gotten together beyond sea, 
 especially in France by his Mother's means, and 
 in Holland by the mediation of his young bro- 
 ther-in-law, William of Nassau, Prince of Orange, 
 who about this time succeeded his father Henry 
 in the dignity of general and admiral of the 
 United Provinces. He possessed himself like- 
 
25 
 
 wise of some vessels in the island, adding others 
 to them which he hired in France. 
 
 While his Highness lay here, a letter is sent 
 to him from the Parliament by the hands of Co- 
 lonel Russel, their governor of Guernsey, which 
 lies six or seven leagues distant from Jersey. 
 The effect of it was, to desire him for his Fa- 
 ther's, his own, and the three kingdoms' sake, 
 to return to them, where he should find all due 
 respects subjects could afford, or his Highness 
 expect. The design was to get the person of 
 the Prince into their hands, as the Scots had 
 that of the King; but it took no effect; the 
 Prince proceeding to manage his affairs by sea 
 and land to such advantage, as might enable his 
 royal Father to stand in the approaching treaty 
 on such terms as might consist with his con- 
 science and his honour. 
 
 On July the twenty-seventh following, six- 
 teen general propositions, with sundry qualifi- 
 cations, were presented to the King at New- 
 castle, by the Earls of Pembroke, Suffolk, &c. 
 who were limited to ten days, which the King 
 judging unreasonable, refused to consent to, and 
 desired to come to London and treat personally. 
 After which, the Scotch General Assembly send 
 a remonstrance to his Majesty, desiring him to 
 
26 
 
 settle matters in England according to the Cove- 
 NANT, and to sign the Parliament s propositions^. 
 And Chancellor Loudon told him plainly there 
 was no other means for him to close with his 
 Two Houses. And moreover, if he lost England, 
 he should not be admitted to reign in Scotland. 
 But the King still persisting in his denial, the 
 Scots, who had hitherto somewhat sharply dis- 
 puted about the disposal of his person, are con- 
 tent, upon the receipt of a good sum of money, 
 to depart home and leave the King in the power 
 of the Parliament ; who voted him to Holmby 
 House, and sent commissioners to receive and 
 convey him thither, where he arrived on the 
 seventeenth of February, 1646-7. 
 
 The war was now totally finished, and dissen- 
 sions brake out between the Parliament and 
 their army ; an accommodement of which is un- 
 dertaken by commissioners chosen on both sides. 
 But the army, judging it would be advantageous 
 for their concernments to get the King into their 
 hands, sent Cornet Joyce to Holmby with five 
 hundred horse, upon the fourth of June, who 
 took the King from thence by night, without the 
 privity and consent of the Parliament, or the 
 General himself (as he professed in a letter to 
 them). And now the damnable mystery of inir 
 
27- 
 
 quity begins to work ; they march up to St. Al- 
 bans against the Parliament's order, refuse to 
 deliver the King's person to their commissioners, 
 and amongst other insolences impeach eleven 
 members of the House of Commons. The 
 Speaker (though he had the day before protested 
 against such a dishonourable act in the Abbey 
 Church at Westminster) flies to the army with 
 several members. The City stick to the re- 
 maining part of the Parliament, for the restoring 
 of the King, and declare against the army. Fair- 
 fax marches up to London, which prepared to 
 oppose him, enters the City with twenty thou- 
 sand horse and foot upon the sixth of August, 
 re-establishes the members, receives their thanks, 
 puts Tichbourn into the Tower of London as lieu- 
 tenant, takes up his head-quarters at Kingston, 
 and places the King at Hampton-Court. With- 
 in a few days after, several members of the House 
 are accused of treason, as Sir John Maynard, 
 Denzil HoUis, Sir William Waller, Major-General 
 Massey, &c. Sir John Gayer, and four aldermen> 
 Culham, Bunce, Langham, and Adams, are com- 
 mitted to the Tower ; and the Earls of Suffolk, 
 Lincoln, Middlesex, with the Lords Berkley, 
 Maynard, Hunsdon, and Willoughby, of Parham, 
 to the Black Rod. All the works of the City are 
 
28 
 
 voted to be cast down, upon the pretence of 
 bringing in the King ; but, indeed (according to 
 the design of the Army, suitably to whose plea- 
 sure they acted), to disable it from resistance. 
 Propositions are sent to the King, the same in 
 effect with the former of Newcastle. Agitators 
 are set up by the soldiers amongst themselves 
 to carry on their interests. The Scotch Com- 
 missioners send a letter to the Speaker of the 
 House of Commons, for a personal treaty be- 
 tween his Majesty and the commissioners of 
 both nations. But whilst new propositions are 
 preparing, the King, being informed of designs 
 against his life, escapes from Hampton Court, 
 with intent to go to the Isle of Jersey, where the 
 Prince still lay. At his coming to the sea-shore, 
 he found himself disappointed of a ship, and 
 therefore goes with Colonel Legg to Tedswprth, 
 to the Countess Dowager of Southampton's 
 house, and sends Sir John Berkley and Mr. Ash- 
 burnham (which three accompanied him in his 
 escape) to the Isle of Wight to Lieutenant- Colo- 
 nel Hammond, of whom he had with no great 
 reason entertained some hopes. Hammond goes 
 with them and fetches the King to Carisbrook 
 Castle. Hence he sends a letter to the Parliament 
 and the Scotch Commissioners, granting all they 
 
29 
 
 could desire. Whereupon new propositions are 
 sent to him, which the Scotch protest against as 
 too derogatory to his honour; and therefore 
 they are refused. Hereupon the incensed Com- 
 mons vote no further addresses to him ; which 
 presently endears them to the Army again. 
 
 Affairs standing in this ill posture, the Prince, 
 with the Duke of York (who had escaped in 
 woman's apparel from St. James's and landed at 
 Dort in Holland, by the help of Colonel Bamp- 
 field, sent over purposely on that design by the 
 queen). Prince Rupert, the Lords Hopton, Wil- 
 mot, Willoughby, Brainford, Culpepper, Ruthen, 
 Sir Henry Palmer, &c. in his own ships and 
 those that had revolted, in all twenty sail, with 
 two thousand men, moved to and fro in the 
 Downs and upon the southern coast, to lay hold 
 of any opportunity that might present itself for 
 the service of his Father, sending forth several 
 commissions to that purpose, to persons of ho- 
 nour and trust, who might promote his affairs by 
 land ; as to the Marquess of Ormond, the Lord 
 Inchequin, and Montgomery in Ireland ; to the 
 Committee of States in Scotland and their of- 
 ficers ; to the Lord Goring in Kent, and the Lord 
 Capel in Essex ; to Sir Thomas Glenham and Sir 
 Marmaduke Langdale in the North ; to Colonels 
 
30 
 
 Poyer, Langhorn, and Powel, in Wales ; as also 
 to Sir Edward Hales, Sir Charles Lucas, the 
 Duke of Buckingham, the Earls of Holland and 
 Peterborough. Letters of correspondency pass 
 mutually between him and the Scots, his Father 
 and the City ; whereof some are intercepted, in 
 which the City, the Lords, and some Commons, 
 are intimated ready to contribute all assistance 
 possible. 
 
 For the better satisfaction of the world his 
 Highness was pleased to publish a most gracious 
 declaration, which consisted of the ensuing par- 
 ticulars: — 1. For the establishment of religion; 
 according to his Majesty's agreement of the 
 twenty-sixth of December last, viz. That Pres- 
 bytery should be continued for three years, and 
 a free debate to be had, between the divines 
 assembled at Westminster, and twenty whom 
 his Majesty should appoint, about the settle- 
 ment of church government for the future. 2. 
 For the performance of the said agreement, and 
 pursuance of the concessions on the King's part : 
 which were, that the Parliament should dispose 
 of the militia, and have the choice of his privy 
 counsellors during his reign, &c. That the ar- 
 rears of the army be paid, &c. 3. For restor- 
 ing the King to a personal treaty. 4. For the 
 
31 
 
 just privileges of Parliament. 5. For an act of 
 oblivion. 6. For the liberty of the subject, 
 and the abolishing excise, taxes, and free quar- 
 ter, &c. 7. For disbanding of all armies and set- 
 tling of peace. 8. For the defence of the narrow- 
 seas, securing of trade, support of the navy and 
 seamen, &c. This excellent declaration was 
 seconded with a letter from his Highness to the 
 House of Peers, desiring, — 1. That a personal 
 treaty be had in such place and manner as may 
 consist with the King s honour, safety, and free- 
 dom, that the treaty be not blemished with any 
 appearance of a restraint. 2. That Scotland be 
 included. 3. That in the mean time there be a 
 cessation of arms, and an orderly moderate sub^ 
 sistence agreed on for forces on foot on both 
 sides by land and sea, to the soldiers' content 
 and the subjects' ease. 
 
 Hereupon within a short time several attempts 
 were made for the king's service. April the 
 ninth, 1643, the London apprentices made an 
 insurrection, but were suppressed by Fairfax the 
 next day. Soon after Colonel Poyer apid Ma- 
 jor-General Langhorn and Powel revolted, and 
 reduced South- Wales to his Majesty's service. 
 Sir John Owen also got together a party : but 
 they ^vere all routed and enforced to surrender the 
 
32 
 
 places they had seized, and themselves prisoners. 
 In behalf of the two former, the Prince, under 
 whose commission they acted, desired Greneral 
 Fairfax that they might have the terms and 
 usage of soldiers of war, as those had whom the 
 fortune of war had made prisoners to his High- 
 ness. But the General answered, it was not in 
 his power to act further ; the Parliament order- 
 ing their trial, he dared not interpose against 
 their justice. So that they were afterward 
 tried as traitors ; but this favour was extended 
 towards them, that they should cast lots for their 
 lives : it happened to be Poyer's fate to suffer, 
 and he was shot to death, which he took with 
 much resolution. 
 
 The next party we meet with in arms for the 
 King's deliverance out of a barbarous captivity, 
 and admission to a personal treaty, and the set- 
 tlement of the nation in peace, were the inhabit- 
 ants of Kent, who having seen the petitions 
 presented to that purpose to the Parliament by 
 the counties of Essex, Surrey, and the City of 
 London slighted, and some of the petitioners 
 murdered, resolved not to petition but with their 
 swords in their hands. So they assembled to- 
 gether in a considerable body upon Blackheath 
 near Greenwich, about the latter end of May, 
 
33 
 
 1648, under Sir Edward Hales, commissioned 
 from his Highness, Sir George Lisle, Sir Gama- 
 liel Dudley, Sir William Compton, &c. I shall 
 crave leave to be a little more particular in re- 
 lating the whole management of this and some 
 of the following enterprises, than I have adven- 
 tured to be hitherto, because it was carried on 
 by authority derived immediately from the 
 Prince, and was of itself one of the most con- 
 siderable. General Fairfax himself with six thou- 
 sand foot, and two thousand horse, marches 
 forth against the Kentish men, who were near 
 ten thousand, but unadvisedly parted their 
 forces, and sent away a brigade to besiege Do- 
 ver Castle. The first intercourse between them 
 was the offer of a parley, to which the General 
 sent this answer. 
 
 ** Sirs, I received a message from you for a 
 pass for some gentlemen to come and treat ac- 
 cording to an order of Parliament, but know no 
 such order of theirs, and no authority of yours 
 to appoint commissioners for such a purpose ; 
 and finding you and them in arms against the 
 Parliament, I cannot admit of a treaty. But if 
 ye shall forthwith lay down your arms and re- 
 turn home, I doubt not of the Parliament's mer- 
 cy to such as have been deluded into this rebel- 
 
 D 
 
84 
 
 lion, and their exemplary justice upon the chief 
 actors therein. 
 
 '* T. Fairfax." 
 
 " Blackheath, May 30, 1648." 
 
 To this harsh answer, by directions from the 
 Prince they handsomely replied, — ** That they 
 had taken arms in obedience, — 1. To a univer- 
 sal and perpetual dictate of nature, even self- 
 preservation, not to invade others' right, but to 
 secure their own. 2. To an undoubted power 
 over us, ordained of God, we do now obey (say 
 they), and neither tumult nor rebel. 3. To Pro- 
 vidence, which hath given us that opportunity 
 we dare not neglect ; and we cannot lay them 
 down without forfeiture of our reason and our 
 honour. As to the uncertain mercy you hold 
 forth for the deluded many (who, you think, know 
 not why they are come together), and the certain 
 justice you threaten their leaders with : assure 
 yourself there is but one soul in this great body, 
 which is unanimously resolved to stand or fall 
 as one man, being not tempted with any hope, 
 save that of returning to our ancient rights, 
 privileges, governments, and settlements, and 
 incapable of any fear, save only of relapsing 
 again to our former slavery. The fair manage 
 
35 
 
 of this business sufficiently manifests our incli- 
 nation to peace. Be pleased rather to make 
 this county your friend than your end; and 
 we are your servants, 
 
 "Phil. Masilds, Edw. Hales." 
 The General being inflexible, and they as. re- 
 solute, they meet at a barricadoed bridge be- 
 tween Craiford Heath and Gravesend, and dis- 
 pute the passage very stoutly, which at length 
 is gained by the Parliamentarians, and another 
 at Northfield : whereupon the Kentish retire to 
 Maidstone. Fairfax, reinforcing his army to the 
 number of ten thousand, storms the town on the 
 second of June, but was twice repulsed with 
 loss. The third assault got him entrance, when 
 the fight grew more hot upon the assailants than 
 before, as well by the forces in the street, as by 
 continual shot from the houses. Nor was the 
 victory accomplished till after six hours fight, 
 and much loss on both sidee. Presently after 
 this, the city of Rochester was also yielded to 
 tjie General's mercy. The Lord Goring with the 
 remainder of this defeat, marches up in a body 
 towards London, and rendezvoused upon Black- 
 heath, expecting some assistance from the City, 
 which hope failing, he crossed over Greenwich 
 Ferry with five hundred men into Essex, where 
 
36 
 
 he was met by Sir Charles Lucas, and the Lord 
 Capel with two thousand horse and foot, and 
 they march together to the town of Colchester. 
 But soon after General Fairfax, leaving Colonels 
 Rich and Hewson, who had already raised the 
 siege of Dover, to take in the other places of 
 Kent which stood out, crosses over into Essex 
 after the enemy, and beleaguers Colchester with 
 a potent army. 
 
 The Prince with his fleet, consisting, as I said, 
 of twenty good men of war, and two thousand 
 soldiers, (some of which were lately revolted 
 with the Parliament's Vice- Admiral Batten, who 
 was thereupon knighted), put in at Yarmouth 
 Road, and would have landed there; but find- 
 ing no great alacrity in most part of the people 
 to receive him, and hearing of Colonel Scroop's 
 coming against him with a strong party of horse 
 and foot, he sailed from thence to the Downs, 
 in Kent, seizing what merchants' ships and 
 goods he could meet withal. Whilst he was 
 here, he sent two letters to the City of London, 
 one to the Common-Council, expressing ** his 
 Highness's good affection to peace and to the 
 whole City, and his endeavours to vindicate 
 his Father's liberty and just prerogative and 
 rights ; to restore the people their laws, liberties. 
 
37 
 
 aiid properties ; to free them from that bondage 
 under which they were now held like a con- 
 quered nation; to ease them of excise and 
 taxes; to settle religion according to his Fa- 
 ther's agreement made with the Scots ; and to 
 reduce all things into their ancient and proper 
 channel. This letter was accompanied with 
 his declaration to the same purpose ; the con- 
 tents of which we mentioned above. The other 
 was to the merchant adventurers, informing 
 them that he had made stay of three of their 
 ships, but without intent to make prize of any 
 of them ; desiring to borrow 20,000/. of them 
 to be repaid out of the customs ; and requires 
 their speedy answer. The copies of these two 
 letters were brought to the House of Parlia- 
 ment by the Sheriffs of London and some of 
 the Common-Council. Upon consideration of 
 them. Colonel Harvey (first prolixly aggravating 
 many faults in the King's government, accord- 
 ing to the scandalous remonstrance not long 
 before published against him) said, *' The Prince 
 was his Father's own son, as like him as could 
 be ; that he had invited the Scots to come in, 
 and had declared for them, and had been for- 
 merly against the ParUament ; that he was but 
 a subject;" and moved the House to declare 
 
38 
 
 him a rebel and a traitor. Sir Peter Wentr 
 worth, Mr. Knightly, and Mr. Blakestone se- 
 conded him with much earnestness ; and so did 
 Edward Ash, who farther moved, '* That the 
 Common-Council and merchants should give no 
 answer to his letters," alleging, " there was no 
 danger the Prince should make prize of their 
 ships, for that he had engaged to the States of 
 the Low Countries to do no act prejudicial to 
 trade.'* At last the debate was put off till the 
 next day, when the Speaker putting the House 
 in mind of it again, it was earnestly called upon 
 by the younger Sir John Evelin, Scot, Weaver, 
 Holland, Boys, and almost all the godly gang. 
 So the debate was resumed, and Weaver went 
 very high to try the temper of the House. But 
 the debate interminis, ** That the Prince should 
 be declared a rebel and a traitor," was soon laid 
 by (though violently pressed), chiefly for these 
 reasons — 1. They had not the originals of the 
 Prince's letters and declaration (which the Com- 
 mon-Council still kept), but only copies, not so 
 much as attested upon oath by any authentic 
 clerk ; therefore no legal proceedings could be 
 upon them. 2. It would argue no peaceable 
 inclination in them the same day when they 
 sent messengers to invite the King his father to 
 
39 
 
 a treaty of peace. 3. It could not consist with 
 the national covenant. 4. It is high treason by 
 the Stat. 25 Edw. III. to endeavour the de- 
 struction of the Prince, the King's eldest son : 
 but to declare him a rebel and a traitor was to 
 endeavour to destroy him, and therefore high 
 treason, &c. But what they could not do ex- 
 pressly, they did implicitly, by voting all that 
 should adhere to, aid, or assist the Prince, rebels 
 and traitors. Hereby they put a tie upon the 
 City, not to redeem their ships by lending 
 20,000/. to the Prince ; and yet had a pirate 
 taken them, it had been lawful to redeem them. 
 About this time also an order passed the House 
 of Commons for the Earl of Warwick to fight 
 the Prince at sea. It was sent up to the Lords, 
 and passed that House too ; whereby it became 
 an ordinance : yet some of the Lords entered a 
 protestation against it, as the Earls of Lincoln, 
 Suffolk, and Lord North. 
 
 The Prince continued still in the Downs with 
 his fleet in a good condition, waiting for that 
 supply of land forces his brother the Prince of 
 Orange was very industriously raising for his 
 service in Holland, and in the interim was will- 
 ing to do something for the relief of Deal Castle, 
 which was besieged by a party of Fairfax's army 
 
40 
 
 left in Kent for that purpose. In order to which 
 he landed five hundred men, who at first charged 
 handsomely, but being overpowered by number 
 were beaten, several slain and taken, and the 
 rest got aboard again. Failing of this attempt, 
 he was inclinable to hazard himself for the re- 
 lief of Colchestsr, which bravely held out against 
 Fairfax's whole power ; but from this he was 
 dissuaded, as a business of too apparent dan- 
 ger. Wherefore he continued expecting the 
 event of Hamilton's expedition in the North, 
 who was sent into England by the Parliament 
 of Scotland with an army of twenty-one thou- 
 sand men, upon the account of the covenant, 
 viz. for a restitution of his Majesty with safety 
 and honour, and settlement of Presbytery. On 
 the fifteenth day of July, the House of Com- 
 mons (without the Lords) vote the Scots that 
 were come into England enemies, and that they 
 might covertly include the Prince, the question 
 was put, that all such English as had invited the 
 Scots under Duke Hamilton to come in hostile 
 manner into England should be declared trai- 
 tors ? and carried in the afiirmative. 
 
 He that shall consider the House of Commons 
 was still in a manner entire, and consisted of the 
 very same men that so often and by so many 
 
'VkxLdydk: Hnx •; 
 
 ■^.^^Mm^ )^^mm^ ©)? M^Mcsa^?®^ 
 
 IUf>/ished hv CS.-/i:/ia./dwyn Newqcilr^ .S^trefft 
 
I c c • 
 
 • • • • 
 
 • • • «. 
 « • • 
 
 • • • 
 • • •• 
 
41 
 
 votes, remonstrances, declarations, protesta- 
 tions, vows, and oaths, pretended the defence of 
 the King's person and just authority, settlement 
 of these nations in purity of religion and pre- 
 servation of the just rights and liberties of the 
 subject (the very same things now petitioned for 
 by several counties, and declared for by the 
 parties up in Kent and Essex, and Duke Ha- 
 milton in the North), cannot but wonder they 
 should vote them traitors and endeavour their 
 destruction (with that of the nation conse- 
 quently), who took up arms in the greatest sin- 
 cerity possible for those honourable purposes, 
 themselves alleged to countenance their own 
 against the King. But the truth is the two 
 Houses sat under a force ever since August 6, 
 1647, when Fairfax marched up with his army 
 in hostile manner against the City. For from 
 that time the lesser party of the House (who 
 together with some officers of the army had 
 laid the blackest design that ever was hatched 
 by the instinct of the devil), siding with the 
 army, overawed all the proceedings of Parlia- 
 ment, and at the same time held the King and 
 the major part of the House in suspense with 
 unfaithful treaties, and sent their forces against 
 such as desired the same things they would be 
 
42 
 
 believed themselves intended. The House of 
 Lords, too, being strangely supine, in not re- 
 senting the frequent slighting and contempt of 
 their authority, and not attempting any thing at 
 all for the deliverance of their sovereign, the 
 vindication of their own honour, that of the 
 nation with its rights, privileges, and freedoms, 
 against the usurpation of an army and corrupt 
 faction in that of the Commons. An insolence 
 which I am persuaded, none of their great an- 
 cestors we find in histories under the same 
 titles, but would have ventured both lives and 
 fortunes to the utmost, rather than have en- 
 dured; and certainly their posterity will won- 
 der what they were doing all this while. The 
 Earl of Holland, indeed, though no soldier, 
 yet dared well, and out of a sense of honour 
 thought himself obliged to try his fortune in 
 the field, if possible he might be an instrument 
 to avert the destruction he saw threatened his 
 sovereign, and the miseries of tyranny impen- 
 dent over this poor nation by an armed power. 
 By commission from the Prince he assembles 
 together about five hundred horse and foot about 
 Kingston heath, July 2, having with him the 
 Duke of Buckingham, and his brother, the Lord 
 Francis Villiers, and the Earl of Peterborough. 
 
43 
 
 But he was soon routed by a stronger party ; 
 himself taken, and afterward put to death for 
 his noble but unfortunate attempt. Such were 
 the sins of this nation, and thus the good provi- 
 dence of God was pleased to bring about the 
 punishment of them, by frustrating all means and 
 courses taken to deliver it from the miseries that 
 threatened it. For soon after, viz. August 17, 
 the great army under Hamilton is defeated by 
 Cromwell and Lambert, at Preston in Lanca- 
 shire, and the Duke liimself taken, and after- 
 ward beheaded by the English Parliament for 
 this action. This defeat was followed by the 
 surrender of Colchester, which had endured a 
 sharp starving siege of three months upon hopes 
 of relief from this Scottish army. Thus all the 
 Prince's enterprises failing, and his fleet being 
 in great need of provision, he is forced to give 
 over further action, and retires to the Hague ii^ 
 Holland, to his sister the Princess of Orange, in 
 expectation and attendance upon providence. 
 Shortly after, many counties of England solicit- 
 ing the Parliament for a treaty with the King, 
 the honester and greater part take heart again, 
 recall the votes of non-addresses, vote a treaty, 
 send commissioners with propositions to the 
 King : all which his Majesty fully consented to, 
 
44 
 
 and there was no difference between him and 
 the Houses but concerning presbytery, which 
 he granted should be established for three years. 
 All men now hoped for a happy settlement. 
 But, alas ! now begin the greatest of our woes. 
 The Army, who could not think their greatness 
 and power would be durable if the King lived, 
 draw nearer to London, petition for their arrears, 
 and for justice upon the King as the capital 
 cause of the evils of the civil war, to which ef- 
 fect also they published a remonstrance, re- 
 quiring withal that a peremptory day be set for 
 summoning the Prince of Wales and Duke of 
 York ; and if they refuse, to declare them in- 
 capable of government or succession, and to 
 stand exiled as traitors; and if they render 
 themselves, yet they to be proceeded against 
 for satisfaction ; with other demands of the like 
 strain. To bring their accursed design to pass, 
 Fairfax commands Colonel Hammond to deliver 
 up his charge to Colonel Ewer, by whom the 
 King is conveyed out of the Isle of Wight to Hurst 
 Castle, November 30, contrary to the intentions 
 and consent of the Parliament, as they declared. 
 And thus the treaty was violently broken off. 
 Yet the Lords vote the King's concessions a suf- 
 ficient ground for peace, and so do the major 
 
45 
 
 part of the Commons. But the Army march up 
 to London, discharge the trained bands from 
 guarding the Parliament, and order Pride's and 
 Rich's regiments to supply their places, by 
 whom above forty Members are seized on and 
 confined, Major-General Brown, and ninety odd 
 Members, excluded the House. Then the Army 
 form a new model of government, which they 
 style The Agreement of the People, destructive to 
 all the fundamental laws of the land, which was 
 presented to the new moulded House by Sir 
 Hardres Waller and sixteen Officers. The House 
 hereupon annul the votes against non-addresses, 
 and exclude all members that will not join with 
 them in this proceeding. They then proceed to 
 order the trial of the King, and remove him, 
 though the Lords refused to concur, and declare 
 no act of the Commons binding without their 
 consent. However force overcomes all right and 
 reason. A pretended High Court of Justice is 
 erected, of which John Bradshaw (newly created 
 Serjeant at Law) is made president. The King 
 is brought before them upon Saturday the twen- 
 tieth of January, 1648, on Monday the twenty- 
 second, on Tuesday the twenty-third, and on 
 Saturday the twenty-seventh of the same month ; 
 where, persisting with magnanimity and reason 
 
46 
 
 to deny the power of the Court, and being most 
 impudently and insolently treated by Bradshaw, 
 he is condemned to be beheaded for tyranny, 
 treason, and murder. According to which sen- 
 tence (having taken leave of his children here in 
 England, and sent his blessing to his son in Hol- 
 land) he was put to death before Whitehall gate 
 upon Tuesday the thirtieth of January. The 
 Dutch and French Ambassadors, in behalf of his 
 Majesty, made intercession for his life ; the Scot- 
 tish Parliament published a remonstrance against 
 the Parliament's proceedings; the Ministry of 
 London declared their disallowance before God 
 and men ; the House of Peers offered themselves 
 as pledges for his sacred Majesty ; but all pre- 
 vailed nothing. The barbarous Junto are inex- 
 orable, being made so desperate by their own 
 guilt that they thought nothing could secure 
 their former crimes but this impious, detestable, 
 and unparalleled murder of their sovereign. 
 
 During his Majesty's trial, which was carried 
 on with all expedition and speed, the Prince, 
 who could not be satisfied of that strange turn 
 from a treaty to a trial, writ the following letter 
 to his Father by the Lord Seymour. 
 
 '* Sir, having no means to come to the know- 
 ledge of your Majesty's ajffairs, but such as I re- 
 
47 
 
 ceive from the Prints, or (which is as uncertain) 
 reports ; I have sent this bearer Seymour to 
 wait upon your Majesty, and to bring me an ac- 
 count of it ; and that I may withal assure your 
 Majesty I do not only pray for your Majesty ac- 
 cording to my duty, biit shall always be ready 
 to do all which shall be in my power to deserve 
 the blessing which I now humbly beg of your 
 Majesty upon. Sir, your Majesty's most humble 
 and most obedient Son and Servant 
 
 "Charles/' 
 
 ''Hague, Jan, 23, 1648." 
 
 But, alas ! sad were the tidings the Lord Sey- 
 mour returned with into Holland, the most in- 
 human, illegal, and barbarous murder of the 
 King of Great Britain by the hands of his Eng- 
 lish subjects : an act which struck all Europe 
 with horror and amazement, and which certainly 
 our posterity will eternally detest. To repre- 
 sent the sorrow and affliction of our illustrious 
 Prince, with his^Toyal brother the Duke of York, 
 and his Sister of Orange, without doubt sur- 
 passes all the power of words. No Prince ever 
 lost a father whom he was to succeed in royalty 
 with greater regret; and indeed all circum- 
 stances considered, I conceive no mortal man 
 
48 
 
 had ever greater occasion of grief. Certainly- 
 had not the extraordinary grace of God sup- 
 ported him he could never have borne up against 
 it. I know not how better to present his pas- 
 sionate resentment, than by imitating the old 
 Grecian Painter, who being to pourtray Aga- 
 memnon present at the sacrifice of his daughter, 
 represented all his followers weeping and la- 
 menting, but drew a veil over the father's face, 
 as hiding the transcendent passion his pencil was; 
 unable to express. 
 
 A few days before the King s death, the Com- 
 mons voted the style in writs and all judicial 
 proceedings to be altered from Carolus, Dei gra- 
 tia, &c. the great seal with the royal scutcheon 
 of England to be broken, and a new one made 
 with the arms of England, and the harp of Ire- 
 land, with these words, The Great Seal of Eng- 
 land, engraven on one side, and on the reverse 
 the picture of the House of Commons sitting, 
 with these words. In the first year of freedom by 
 God's blessing restored 1648. On the evening of 
 that black day on which his Majesty suffered, a 
 proclamation was set forth by the Junto prohi- 
 biting all persons upon pain of high treason 
 to presume to declare, or publicly to promote 
 Charles Stuart, styled Prince of Wales, eldest 
 
49 
 
 son of the late King, or any of the rest of his 
 children, to be king of England. In pursuance 
 of which determination, having taken their king 
 out of the way, they proceed against kingship, 
 and constitute a select number of themselves, 
 joined with the General and chief officers of the 
 army, in the supreme authority. The House of 
 Peers is voted dangerous and unnecessary ; and 
 an act passed and proclaimed in the city of Lon- 
 don, for abolishing of kingly government and 
 settling these nations in way of a free state. 
 It was also published, 1 . That it should be trea- 
 son to speak against this form of government. 
 2. That it should be treason for any to endeavour 
 the exercise of kingship in these nations in his 
 own person, or promote it in another ; especially 
 Charles, the eldest, James, the second, and Hen- 
 ry, the third, sons of the late King. After which 
 they proceed as far as they could to abolish the 
 very memory of his late Majesty ; his arms are 
 ordered to be defaced in all places throughout 
 the nations, and his statues broken, all the rega- 
 lia sold and embezzled, the crown revenue set 
 to sale, and all the goods of the royal family 
 made prize on by those that had murdered and 
 expelled the owners. 
 
 Nevertheless, there wanted not some in this 
 
50 
 
 sad consternation, who shewed themselves so 
 resolute in asserting the title of Prince Charles 
 to the crown of these nations, as to print and 
 disperse this following proclamation in several 
 places of the City of London. 
 
 *' We, the noblemen, judges, knights, lawyers, 
 gentlemen, freeholders, merchants, citizens, yeo- 
 men, seamen, and other free men of England, do 
 according to our allegiance and covenant by 
 these presents, heartily, joyfully, and unanimous* 
 ly, acknowledge and proclaim the illustrious 
 Charles, Prince of Wales, next heir to his 
 father King Charles (whose late wicked murder, 
 and all consenters thereunto, we from our hearts 
 abominate), to be by hereditary birthright and 
 lawful succession, rightful and undoubted King 
 of Great Britain, France, and Ireland : And we 
 will constantly and sincerely, in our several 
 places and callings, defend and maintain his 
 royal person, crown, and dignity, with our es- 
 tates and lives against all opposers, whom here- 
 by we declare to be enemies to his Majesty 
 and kingdoms. In testimony whereof we have 
 caused these to be published throughout all 
 counties and corporations of this realm ; the first 
 day of February, in the first year of his Majesty's 
 r^iga." 
 
51 
 
 But the royal party was so totally suppressed 
 throughout this nation, that they wanted power 
 to make good what their consciences assured 
 them was just and right. This endeavour testi- 
 fied their loyalty, and withal their weakness. 
 For though the hearts of most of the nation were 
 as willing to promote the son's succession, as to 
 withstand the father's destruction; yet were 
 they as unable to advance the one as they had 
 been to prevent the other. Indeed Ireland was 
 in a manner wholly for his Majesty, in many 
 places whereof he was by joint consent both of 
 Protestants and Papists proclaimed king. The 
 Lord Marquess of Ormond, the Lord Inchequin, 
 and other great persons, had considerable forces 
 in the field for his interest, and all the garrisons 
 of that island held out for him, excepting the two 
 most important, the cities of Dublin and London- 
 derry, which were kept from returning to their 
 allegiance, the former by Lieutenant-General 
 Jones, then governor; and the latter by Sir 
 Charles Coot, who maintained their cause and 
 authority who had barbarously murdered his 
 royal father in England. Besides the islands of 
 Jersey, Guernsey, Scilly, and Man, remained 
 faithful to him, though they were of no other ad- 
 vantage than to serve as places of retreat for the 
 
 E 2 
 
52 
 
 small fleet that was left, after the greatest part 
 of it had again revolted to the Parliament's navy. 
 The Parliament of Scotland, as I said, had pro- 
 tested against the proceedings of the English 
 against their common king : but at this time that 
 nation was divided into four grand factions or 
 parties. The first consisted of such as had 
 confederated with the English Parliament during 
 the wars, till they saw their accursed design of 
 destroying the king and subverting the govern- 
 ment ; these were the prevailing party who sent 
 Duke Hamilton with that numerous but unfortu- 
 nate army into England, 1648. They were will- 
 ing, though upon certain conditions, to own and 
 declare Prince Charles for their king; only in this 
 they sided with the English Independent Junto, 
 that they endeavoured to the utmost to depress 
 and discountenance the Malignants (as they 
 called those who had adhered to his late Ma- 
 jesty), who make up the second party. The third 
 consisted of such as were so strictly devoted to 
 the Kirk and Covenant, that they only projected 
 the advancement of them, and cared not for any 
 other interest either of king or free-state, but 
 strenuously opposed both ; of which faction Co- 
 lonel Straughan and Colonel Kerre were two 
 great sticklers. The fourth and last, and worst. 
 
63 
 
 were such as by unparalleled treachery to their 
 Prince, their native country, and (as it appeared 
 afterward) to themselves too, held secret corre- 
 spondence with the sectarian power and army of 
 England. This division I have made will give 
 much light to the understanding of the reasons 
 of the Scottish actions and their consequences, 
 when we come to relate them. At present it 
 may suffice to intimate that this discord among 
 themselves retarded them from publicly pro- 
 claiming and owning their lawful king. 
 
 In the mean time the King having been awhile 
 a close mourner in Holland, and received the 
 condolements of the Lords' States (who also de- 
 puted an orator to represent their sad sense of 
 the inhuman murder of his royal father, which 
 he performed in an elegant Latin oration extant 
 in print), he committed the management of his 
 affairs there to the care of his Brother and Sister 
 of Orange, and took a journey to France, both to 
 visit his disconsolate and forlorn mother, and to 
 desire the assistance, which he might reasonably 
 conceive that King obliged both in honour, con- 
 sideration of consanguinity, and the general con- 
 cernment of all monarchs, to afford him. He was 
 received in the French Court with much respect, 
 and after a short stay at Paris, took up his abode 
 
54 
 
 at St. Germain's, having his royal brother, the 
 Duke of York, with him. 
 
 He had not been long here, but, contrary to 
 the expectations, as well as hopes of himself and 
 all his royal subjects, news was brought him of 
 the defeat of the army in Ireland, under the Mar- 
 quess of Ormond, than which a gallanter and 
 richer had scarce been seen during all the late 
 wars. The Marquess had laid siege to Dublin, 
 on the twenty-first of June, 1649 ; but that City 
 being reinforced with a supply of three thousand 
 horse and foot from England, and encouraged 
 with the expectation of more, the besieged made 
 several sallies out upon them from time to time, 
 and at length in one surprised the Marquess's 
 main army, and totally defeated it, himself not 
 without much difficulty escaping by flight. It 
 is very true, the Marquess had an army of about 
 twenty thousand men, but the greatest part of 
 them were Irish, and so such as he dared not 
 trust ; besides, I have heard it credibly reported, 
 he might have taken Dublin if he had pleased, 
 but forbore to do it merely in tenderness to the 
 numerous Protestants that were in it, whom the 
 Irish would have without question unmercifully 
 destroyed, if they had taken the place by as- 
 sault; and as yet there was no other way to take 
 
55 
 
 it, by reason the besieged had high expectation 
 of succour from England. This was the first 
 blow received by the young King, and a great 
 one it was indeed, and so important, that it 
 made way for the loss of all that Kingdom. 
 About the- same time also Sir Charles Coot is- 
 sued out of Londonderry, and beat off Sir Ro- 
 bert Stuart and Colonel Mervin that besieged 
 it. And immediately upon this success, Oliver 
 Cromwell landed in Ireland, with the title of 
 Lord-Lieutenant ; and was followed by his son- 
 in-law, Ireton, with about forty ships. The 
 royal field army being lost, Cromwell falls upon 
 the garrisons : the first place he attacked was 
 Droghedah (or Tredagh), which he soon took by 
 storm, and with a cruelty unknown since the 
 first rise of Christianity, put the governor. Sir 
 Arthur Aston (a noble gentleman that had served 
 the late King in England), and all inhabitants of 
 the town, of all ages and sexes, to the sword. 
 Thus was providence pleased to suffer wicked- 
 ness to prosper. This success was followed with 
 the loss of many considerable towns and castles 
 in all parts of Ireland, besides several field-bat- 
 tles obtained over the Lords Inchequin, Ardes, 
 and Clanduboys ; and Lieutenant-General Far- 
 rell, by the Lord Broghill, Sir Charles Coot, 
 
56 
 
 Colonels Venables, Zanchy, Reynolds, andHew- 
 son. So that in less than the space of this year 
 that kingdom was wholly lost, which in the be- 
 ginning of it, his Majesty looked upon as so con- 
 siderably his own, that he was almost persuaded 
 to have gone thither in person, but waved upon 
 mature advice, and went to the Isle of Jersey, 
 where he was proclaimed by the islanders im- 
 mediately; and the Lord Jermin, Earl of Yar- 
 mouth, was made governor ; and Sir George 
 Carteret, his deputy. His retinue, at his arrival 
 in this place, amounted to about three hundred 
 persons. A little before his departure from St. 
 Germain's, the Duke of York came to him out of 
 Holland/arid was visited by the French King 
 and the Cardinal, of whom he humbly implored 
 aid in behalf of his brother. Mazarine answered 
 civilly, that he might assure himself of all favour 
 and assistance from the King of France, as soon 
 as he had the power and opportunity to serve 
 him : in the mean time the Duke is presented 
 with one hundred thousand crowns. From Jer- 
 sey his Majesty sends his summons to Guernsey 
 (which was wholly the Parliament's, saving Cor- 
 net Castle), to submit to his obedience : but it 
 was to no effect. It is reported by some, his 
 Majesty had some expectation from the level- 
 
.LxLtdeliuj-s Tinx 
 
 cUAMIlS IE)IDI1^11 OW ^(0)m.IE. o 
 
 hibbjthed hj C ScJIJialcCwjn. New^alc^ JV, 
 
57 
 
 lers, who at that time had revolted from the rest 
 of the Parhament's army ; but whatever their 
 design was, they were suppressed both in the 
 West, and at Burford, in Oxfordshire. 
 
 The English plantations in the West Indies, at 
 this time under the Lord Willoughby of Par- 
 ham, refused obedience and subjection to the 
 Parliament ; who thereupon first interdicted 
 them all traffic and commerce, and shortly after 
 reduced them with a fleet sent from England, 
 under the command of Sir George Ayscough. 
 
 The King at Jersey receiving intelligence of 
 these unfortunate successes following one upon 
 the neck of another, his chief hopes and expec- 
 tations lay now in Scotland. He understood 
 the several factions there, and that the Cove- 
 nanters, who were most considerable both for 
 power and number, sought their own advantage 
 by him, and would cause much difficulty in his 
 affairs there ; wherefore, to balance them a little 
 by the honest royalists, who were his and had 
 been his Father's friends, and whom the former 
 endeavoured to keep under, as also to bring them 
 to more equitable terms, he gives commission to 
 the noble and valiant Lord Marquess of Mon- 
 trose to raise forces for him in Holland and 
 other parts. The Marquess in a short time 
 
58 
 
 sends some few forces into the Isle of Orkney, 
 and some few others landed in the north of 
 Scotland under Sir James Montgomery. These 
 the Committee of Estates resolve to oppose, 
 though raised for the King's service ; and not- 
 withstanding after long debate and contest be- 
 tween the opposite factions, the best of which 
 were infinitely scrupulous, at length resolve 
 upon a letter of propositions to his Majesty, 
 and send it by Mr. George Windram, Laird of 
 Libberton, upon the twenty-fifth of September, 
 1649. Upon the thirtieth of that month he ar- 
 rived at Jersey, and presented his Majesty with 
 these propositions from the States of Scotland. 
 
 *' 1. That his Majesty would sign the solemn 
 league and covenant, and pass an act for all per- 
 sons to take it throughout that kingdom, and ra- 
 tify all that had been done concerning the same. 
 
 *' 2. That he would ratify divers acts of Par- 
 liament of Scotland made by the two last Ses- 
 sions ; viz. 1 . For disclaiming Duke Hamilton's 
 last expedition. 2. For receiving of the several 
 acts made by the English for the militia. 3. For 
 the Kings of Scotland to have no negative voice 
 in their Parliament. 
 
 "3. That his Majesty would recall the late 
 commissions given to Montrose, kc. 
 
59 
 
 ** 4. That he would dismiss all Papists from 
 about him, and let none be of his council but 
 Protestants. 
 
 " 5. That he would appoint some place about 
 Holland for a treaty with their commissioners ; 
 whither they intended to send several persons 
 of honour for that purpose, and take care for his 
 entertainment during that time suitable to his 
 dignity, 
 
 ** 6. That he would give a speedy answer to 
 their desires.** 
 
 After some time of debate upon these pro- 
 posals, which were variously entertained ; some 
 upon diffidence of the Scots' fidelity dissuading 
 his Majesty from complying with them, (as the 
 Lords Byron, Cleveland, Gerard, &c.) others) 
 on the contrary (as the Lords Percy, Went- 
 worth, Wilmot, and Sir George Carteret), 
 counselling him not to put that to the hazard 
 of war which might be obtained by treaty 
 (especially his strength being at that time so 
 low, if he should resolve only upon force), 
 letters came to his Majesty from the Queen, 
 urging that if the Scotch Propositions seemed at 
 present too severe and unsupportable, he might 
 have opportunity hereafter, when possessed of 
 that kingdom, to free himself in some measure 
 
60 
 
 from the inconvenience of them : therefore she 
 judged it best to close with them. Montrose 
 also then in Holland writ to the King to the same 
 purpose, desiring his Majesty ** to hearken to 
 the Scotch Commissioners, so as to admit of an 
 agreement with them which might settle his 
 Majesty in that kingdom with safety and ho- 
 nour ;" adding, *' that, as for himself, he should 
 be contented to be banished perpetually from 
 his native country rather than be the least cause 
 of prejudice to his Majesty's affairs." Thus this 
 incomparable pattern of loyalty preferred the 
 interest of his Prince above all respects of his 
 own. But his Majesty was too generous to ad- 
 mit of his offer, and therefore answered him, 
 *' That he had such assurance of his fidelity, and 
 so high a sense of his services performed to his 
 late Father and himself, that he could not in jus- 
 tice or in honour desert him, and therefore de- 
 sired him to urge him no further to it." At 
 length the advice to close with the Scots seemed 
 most safe and reasonable, and proceeding from 
 the greater number of suffrages, it was resolved 
 to follow it. The next thing therefore to be de- 
 liberated of, was what answer should be returned 
 to the propositions ; which requiring some time. 
 Sir William Fleming was dispatched before- 
 
61 
 
 hand to Edinburgh as agent, till it could be 
 completed and sent by the Laird of Libberton. 
 
 The new commonwealth in England in the 
 mean time was modelled thus.^The House of 
 Peers, as I said, was voted down ; the Commons 
 reduced to about one hundred ; and a new kind 
 of senate set up, called a Council of State, who 
 sat at Whitehall, consisting of forty persons ; 
 these, indeed, though derived from the Parlia- 
 ment, grew to have greater authority than their 
 creators ; but though the supreme power seem- 
 ed in appearance to be in these two councils, 
 yet it was really in the hands of the Army, the 
 chief officers of which ruled them that ruled 
 the nations. Their principal business at home 
 was to fortify their new government by making 
 several acts of treason, and to terrify others by 
 putting to death divers of the nobility, as Duke 
 Hamilton, the Earl of Holland, Lord Capel, &c. 
 and such of the gentry who had opposed their 
 barbarous and tyrannical proceedings. They also 
 employed themselves in dividing the patrimony 
 of the crown, having murdered the father and 
 expelled the son; the same course also they 
 took with many thousands of loyal persons, 
 either confiscating and selling their estates, or 
 putting them to redeem the same upon great 
 
62 
 
 compositions ; by this means, and prodigious 
 taxes together, drawing all the wealth of the 
 nation, both money and lands, into their own 
 hands, and sharing the same among themselves 
 and their lords the officers of the army. His 
 Majesty had small hopes of doing any good 
 immediately upon England, although he had 
 friends enough in it. However, two noble gen- 
 tlemen Sir John Berkley and Colonel Slingsby 
 offered themselves to serve their Prince in Eng- 
 land, and accordingly came from Jersey into the 
 West, and went about stirring up their correspon- 
 dents to arms for their king and country; but they 
 were both accidentally discovered and taken. 
 
 The King had sent ambassadors to several 
 great princes and states, as the Emperor, the 
 King of Spain, the Duke of Moscovy, the State 
 of Venice, the Grand Seignior, and others, to 
 solicit their aid and contribution for the re- 
 covery of his fathers kingdoms. But from the 
 most of them he received only compliments and 
 pretences of their good will to help him. The 
 most considerable embassy, and most probable 
 to take effect, was that to his Majesty of Spain 
 by the Lord Cottington, who at his audience re- 
 monstrated in the name of his master, '' That 
 the Parliament of England having been in arms 
 
FromanOri^iiieQ. Hcture 
 
 R.Cooper Seulp ' 
 
 y>:'m£^s^^'ii^ luoi'^)^ (D®w^c'xo^©?p®Wo 
 
 rubli,t/^icd bv CSc/LHaldwjn Newgate ,'^'treel . 
 
63 
 
 against his father, had prevailed against him, 
 and caused him to be put to death; that he 
 being son and heir to the late king, was yet 
 kept out of his kingdoms by the said Parlia- 
 ment ; and therefore he desired his aid and as- 
 sistance to establish him into his rights and dig- 
 nities in his kingdoms." To this the King of 
 Spain answered, '* That he was sorry for his 
 father's ill success, wishing he had been more 
 prosperous ; that he condoled with him for his 
 father's death, and was much affected with sor- 
 row at the manner of it ; that concerning the 
 difference between him and the Parliament, and 
 the rights on the one or the other side, they 
 being matters out of his territories and juris- 
 diction he could not take cognizance of them, 
 nor should he meddle therein : but for any thing 
 within his own dominions, he should be ready 
 to do him what lawful favour he could." But 
 such is the influence self-interest has upon the 
 minds even of the greatest potentates, that it 
 many times excludes all considerations of gene- 
 rosity. Had the neighbour-states resented the 
 injustice done to this King and his Father, as 
 they ought, I am confident the spirits of the 
 Junto would have soon been broken. But the 
 course of the world, as I said, is otherwise ; his 
 
64 
 
 Majesty of Britain is an exile, his enemies are 
 great and powerful, and therefore instead of 
 sending assistance to the unfortunate Prince, 
 the King of Spain sends an Ambassador to 
 court the new commonwealth of rebels to a 
 league. 
 
 The King hearing of a fleet of ships preparing 
 by the Parliament for the Island of Jersey, 
 thought fit to dispatch his answer to the Com- 
 mittee of Estates of Scotland in order to a 
 treaty, which being drawn up with a letter di- 
 rected to the Committee of the Kirk -Assembly, 
 the Laird of Libber ton departed with it to Scot- 
 land. Soon after which, his Majesty, to avoid 
 all danger, went from Jersey back again into 
 France, where he resided with his royal Mother 
 till the time for the Scotch treaty drew near. 
 Before his going thither, he writ thus to the 
 Lord Marquess of Montrose. 
 
 " Most dear and well-beloved Cousin, We 
 have received letters from our kingdom of Scot- 
 land, of which you receive herewith a copy; 
 by which our subjects demand of us, that we 
 would please to acknowledge for lawful their 
 Parliament, and particularly the two last ses- 
 sions of that assembly. Which being obtained 
 of our grace, they oiFer to send us their deputies 
 
Go 
 
 with full commission to treat with us of the 
 means to re-establish peace and obedience in 
 that kingdom. We have made them an answer, 
 that we have made known to their envoy the 
 place where we desired their deputies should 
 come to us with all diligence. And to the end 
 you should not apprehend that by our letters 
 or by the treaty, we had any design to hinder 
 the affairs we have committed to you, we have 
 thought fit to let you know that as we judge 
 the levies you have made for our service to have 
 been a powerful motive to oblige them to send 
 their deputies and to enter into treaty with us ; 
 so we also believe, that the progress you shall 
 make in your generous designs will dispose 
 them to treat with the more moderation, to the- 
 end the whole realm may again happily return 
 under our obedience. We assure you we have> 
 not the least thought to derogate from that 
 ample commission which we have given you, 
 nor to diminish that authority in which we have 
 invested you by our letters patent. And we 
 do promise you also, if it shall come to pass 
 that we shall enter into any good intelligence 
 with our subjects, we shall have so much care 
 of your proper interest, that all the world shall 
 
 p 
 
GG 
 
 see how much we esteem your person, and what 
 confidence we have in your conduct and your 
 courage, whereof not only the late King our 
 Father, but ourself also have received proofs 
 both by what you have done and suffered for 
 us. In the mean time, you shall understand 
 that we have qualified the assembly of our sub- 
 jects with the appellation of the Committee of 
 Estates; which we have done only for this 
 treaty : which if it shall not succeed as we de- 
 sire, as we know already this qualification of 
 the privy signet does not at all authorize them 
 to be such, so we shall then forthwith declare 
 for what we hold them, notwithstanding this 
 title which we have given them, both for their 
 own proper satisfaction and also to make known 
 to all the world, that we desire to bring back 
 our subjects of the kingdom of Scotland to their 
 duty, rather by ways of sweetness and amity 
 than by the rigour of our arms, if their obstinacy 
 and the injustice of their demands should con- 
 strain us to recover it by force. We therefore 
 do hereby give you full power to proceed vi- 
 gorously in your enterprises, not doubting but 
 all our loyal subjects of Scotland will join them- 
 selves with you ; and by that means all those 
 
67 
 
 who are otherwise disposed will submit them- 
 selves to reason in that treaty which we now 
 accept ; or shall be forced thereto by arms. 
 
 To this, we permit you to publish these pre- 
 sents, and to communicate them to such as you 
 shall judge fit. So we pray God to preserve 
 you, most dear cousin/' 
 
 The Laird of Libberton being arrived at Edin- 
 burgh, where he was expected with much im- 
 patience and longing, as soon as the Committee 
 of Estates and Assembly of the Kirk were met, 
 delivered his Majesty's message and letters to 
 them, informing them also by word of mouth, 
 how greatly inclinable he found him to an agree- 
 ment to their desires ; as,— 1 . That, in reference 
 to ratifying all that the Parliament of Scotland 
 did in their two last sessions, he was willing 
 there should be passed a general act of oblivion. 
 2. That such as had served under the Marquess 
 of Montrose and Duke Hamilton in his last ex- 
 pedition, should be incapable of all public charge 
 without consent of Parliament. 3. That he had 
 designed Breda in Holland for the place of a 
 solemn treaty upon the fifteenth of March next 
 ensuing, in order to a perfect accommodatibn 
 between himself and his subjects of Scotland. 
 
 F 2 
 
68 
 
 His Majesty's Letter to the Committee of 
 Estates was in these terms : — 
 
 For the Committee of Estates of Scotland. 
 
 '* Charles R. 
 
 " We have received your letters lately pre- 
 sented to us by Mr. Windram Laird of Libberton, 
 and vv^e accept graciously all the expressions of 
 affection and fidelity therein contained towards 
 us, with your tender resentment of our present 
 condition, and the just indignation which you 
 profess to have against the execrable murderers 
 of our Father. And we believe that your inten- 
 tions are full of candour towards us, as we are 
 and always have been desiipous to settle a clear 
 and right intelligence between us and our sub- 
 jects of our ancient kingdom of Scotland, which 
 may be an assured foundation of their happiness 
 and peace for the time to come, and an effectual 
 means to root out all the seeds of animosity and 
 divisions caused by these late troubles; and 
 also to unite the hearts and affections of our 
 subjects to one another, and of them all to us 
 their King and lawful Sovereign; to the end 
 that by their obedience to our royal and just 
 authority, we may be put into a condition ta 
 
69 
 
 maintain them in peace and prosperity, and to 
 protect them in their religion and liberty, as it 
 appertains to us according to our charge and 
 office of a king. And as we have always re- 
 solved to contribute whatever is to be done by 
 us to obtain these good effects, and for the just 
 satisfaction of all our subjects in this Kingdom ; 
 we have now thought fit upon the return of Mr. 
 Windram to command and desire you to send 
 unto us commissioners sufficiently authorized ; 
 to treat and agree with us, both in relation to 
 the interest and just satisfaction of our subjects 
 there, as also concerning the aid and assistance 
 which in all reason we may expect from them to 
 bring and reduce the murderers of our late most 
 dear Father of happy memory to condign punish- 
 ment, and to recover our just rights in all our 
 kingdoms. And we will that they attend us on 
 the fifteenth day of the month of March, at the 
 town of Breda, where we intend to be in order 
 thereunto. And in confidence of a treaty, as 
 also to make known to you and all the world, 
 that we sincerely desire to be agreed, we have 
 resolved to address these unto you under the 
 name and title of a Committee of Estates of our 
 kingdom of Scotland ; and will and expect that 
 you use this grace no otherwise for any advan- 
 
70 
 
 tage to the prejudice of us, or our affairs, beyond 
 what we have given this qualification and title 
 for, namely, only for the Treaty and in order to it ; 
 although we have considerations sufficient and 
 very important to dissuade and oblige us to do 
 nothing in this kind antecedently at this time. 
 Also we hope the confidence which we declare 
 to have in your clear and candid intentions to- 
 wards us, will furnish you with strong arguments 
 to form in yourselves a mutual confidence in us, 
 which by the blessing of God Almighty, by your 
 just and prudent moderation, and by that great 
 desire that we have to oblige all our subjects of 
 that kingdom, and by the means of the treaty 
 which we attend and hope for, may be a good" 
 foundation of a full and happy peace, and an 
 assured security to this nation for the time to 
 come : which we assure you is wished of us with 
 passion, and we shair endeavour by all means in 
 our power to effect." , 
 
 To the Committee of the Kirk likewise his 
 Majesty writ a letter much to the same pur- 
 pose, which as soon as they met was delivered 
 to them. Those to the Committee of Estates 
 were first referred to a sub-committee of nine 
 lords and burgesses, to present their opinions 
 
71 
 
 thereupon to the Committee of Estates, whe 
 were to receive their reports and prepare the 
 matter for the Parliament of Scotland shortly to 
 be convened. And moreover for the more ex- 
 pedition a joint committee was chosen out of 
 that of the Estates and that of the Kirk by com- 
 mon consent, to consider of sending commis- 
 sioners and propositions to the King. Much was 
 the debate and great the contestation in this 
 council ; the insolent Kirkmen rejecting all other 
 accommodation, but such as might render his 
 Majesty in a condition wholly subservient to 
 their pleasure, framed higher propositions than 
 ever. Those of the Estates were more mode- 
 rate, in comparison, though high enough too ; 
 and at length became more prevalent. So com- 
 missioners were jointly chosen to be sent to his 
 Majesty. The Earl of Cassills, the Lord Lothian, 
 the Laird Burley, and the Laird Libberton, Sir 
 John Smith, and Mr. Jeffries, for the Estates ; 
 and Mr. Broady, Lawson, and Wood, in behalf 
 of the Kirk. These arrive at Breda before the 
 King, and therefore the next day they went to 
 meet him at Berghen-op-Zoora, and came to- 
 gether to Breda, March 16, 1649. Three days 
 after they were conducted to audience by the 
 Lord Wentworth, master of the ceremonies, in 
 
72 
 
 the King s coach. The Earl of Cassills made a 
 short speech as from the Estates, and Lawson 
 for the Kirk; after which they shewed their 
 commissions and delivered the propositions and 
 letters from the Estates and Kirk of Scotland. 
 The propositions were these. 
 
 "I. That all excommunicate should be forbid 
 the Court. 
 
 " II. That the King would by solemn oath and 
 under his hand and seal declare his allowance of 
 the National Covenant of Scotland, and of the 
 solemn league and covenant of the three nations. 
 
 " III. That he would confirm all acts of Par- 
 liament, enjoin the solemn league and covenant, 
 establish Presbytery, the Directory, the Con- 
 fession of Faith, and Catechism, in the Kingdom 
 of Scotland, as they are already approved by the 
 General Assembly of the Kirk and the Parlia- 
 ment ; and that he would observe the same in 
 his own family, and swear never to oppose or 
 endeavour the alteration of the same. 
 
 " IV. That he would consent that all cii;// mat- 
 ters might be determined by the present and 
 subsequent Parliaments in Scotland, and all 
 matters ecclesiastical by the ensuing general Kirk 
 Assembly." 
 
 After the reading of these propositions and 
 
73 
 
 the letters his Majesty being told these were all 
 their instructions, answered, that he would 
 take these things into consideration, and doubt- 
 ed not to give them such a full answer, as should 
 give them and his kingdom of Scotland ample 
 satisfaction. 
 
 His Majesty and his council deliberated very 
 seriously upon these heads of the treaty: opi- 
 nions were divided, some persons vehemently 
 dissuading him from trusting himself into the 
 hands of the Scots. But the Covenant was the 
 main thing the King stuck at, and the Commis- 
 sioners most urged. In the mean time he with^ 
 draws to the Hague to consult with the Queen 
 of Bohemia and the Prince of Orange (who was 
 visited by the Commissioners and entreated to 
 be a mediator between them and his Majesty), 
 and some other friends what course was best to 
 resolve on. And soon after the Earl of Carn- 
 worth and Mr. Murray arrive at Breda from the 
 Committee of Estates with further instructions 
 and propositions; as — " 1. That his Majesty 
 should ratify all that had been done in the Par- 
 liaments of Scotland in some late sessions ;" and 
 consent, *' that Montrose and his adherents be 
 prohibited access into that kingdom." 
 
 These conditions were sufficiently hard, but 
 
74 
 
 the posture his Majesty's affairs then stood in 
 seemed to most of his counsellors to afford an 
 invincible argument to persuade him to accept 
 them. The Marquess of Montrose, as I said, was 
 commissioned by the King to levy what force he 
 could on that side the sea, and to fall into the 
 North of Scotland, upon hopes his appearance 
 there might induce the States to more modera- 
 tion. In order to which he had solicited the 
 Princes of Germany for assistance, but he re- 
 ceived little more from any but promises and 
 compliments. Only from the Duke of Holstein 
 he was supplied with three or four very fair ves- 
 sels well armed and manned. And to expedite 
 his business he dispatched Colonel John Ogilby 
 to Amsterdam, to entertain such strangers as 
 might be for his purpose. But he, forgetting 
 his commission, bestowed both money and pains 
 in entertaining himself, suffering those, who up- 
 on any terms would have engaged, to shift for 
 themselves ; there being a great number who had 
 fled out of England, and more who had lately 
 deserted the French, or been cashiered the Hol- 
 lander's service. By which neglect those goodly 
 ships provided for service were lost, and a limb 
 of the design broken. Nor was this the only 
 miscarriage that happened in the beginning of 
 
Prcmi Allare Pcint tj-MatlLKni 
 
 R.Coopei' Seijlp • 
 
 S^S^£iJB(S>WS© ©I? ^©1^1?:^®^!! o 
 
 Published, hy C irS-Baldwyn N'ewgtale Street . 
 
c e • , 
 
 • «^ • » • - 
 
15 
 
 the Marquess's enterprise. For Colonel Coch-. 
 ran likewise, who had been sent into Poland to 
 deal with the Scotch merchants there for assist- 
 ance, having procured very considerable sums 
 of money upon that score and other provision, 
 disposed of the money to his own use, made 
 sale of the corn and provision, together with 
 the vessel appointed for the transportation of it, 
 and himself turned tail to the quarrel. And 
 General King (whom the Marquess expected out 
 of Sweden with a considerable party of horse) 
 either could not be ready so soon as was ex- 
 pected, or else delayed on purpose. However, 
 the Marquess fearing (as is supposed) he should 
 have an express command to desist from his 
 purpose, because the treaty betwixt his Majesty 
 and the Scotch Commissioners was likely to 
 come to a speedy conclusion, whereby himself 
 should be banished out of that kingdom, fatally 
 resolves to proceed, notwithstanding all difficul- 
 ties. So he set forth for the conquest of a nation 
 settled in a posture of war, and forewarned of 
 his intentions, with about six or seven hundred 
 men at most, strangers and all, about the tenth 
 of April, 1650. He had sent him by the Queen 
 of Sweden for the arming such as upon his ar- 
 rival should betake themselves to his party, fif*- 
 
7a 
 
 teen hundred arms complete for horse, back, 
 breast, &c. carbines, pistols, and swords ; all 
 which, after his defeat in Caithness, were taken 
 untouched. Two of his ships with near upon a 
 third part were sent before, and directed to steer 
 for the Orcades ; but by storm of weather, which 
 is both frequent and dangerous amongst those 
 Northern islands, they were lost with all the 
 men and arms, nothing saved. This was ano- 
 ther check, and a forerunner of the sad event 
 which followed. However, nothing terrified with 
 these unhappy presages, he arrived himself at 
 the Isle of Orkney, having with him several 
 Scotch gentlemen resolved to partake of his for- 
 tune. Here he continued a considerable time 
 to raise such forces and recruits as the place 
 would afford, which were poor, raw, untrained 
 fellows, making up the show of an army, but, 
 wholly ignorant of war. With these he embarks 
 and lands at Caithness, the farthest point to the 
 North-west of Scotland, expecting the coming 
 of two thousand men raised in the Earl of Sea- 
 forth's territories. His arrival, and that with 
 foreigners, immediately struck a terror into the 
 whole country as far as Edinburgh, where the 
 Parliament, then sitting, forthwith order Lieute- 
 nant General David Lesley, Colonel Straughan 
 
77 
 
 and Holborn, to march against him with seven 
 thousand foot and three troops of horse. In the 
 mean time the Marquess moves but slowly, and 
 to prevent misapprehension (since all the world 
 was much astonished at his invasion, whilst the 
 King was upon a treaty) puts forth a declara- 
 tion, to make known, '* That his intention was 
 only against some particular persons who had, 
 against the laws of the kingdom, raised and 
 maintained a war against the King's father, and 
 did now by their subtle practices endeavour to 
 circumvent and destroy the son ; that he intend- 
 ed nothing against the generality of the king- 
 dom: and lastly, exhorted all subjects of that 
 nation to endeavour to free themselves from the 
 tyranny of those who for the present ruled the 
 state, and from the oppression of the Ministry." 
 But the country, partly through fear of the dan- 
 ger, and partly being over-awed by the Earl of 
 Sunderland, did not come to second him as he 
 expected. Straughan, who commanded a choice 
 party of horse, advances before Lesley's body, 
 whilst the Marquess had eflfected nothing mate- 
 rial besides the taking of Dumbath Castle. Upon 
 Straughan s approach, a party of a hundred were 
 drawn forth, who encountered his forlorn hope, 
 and put them to retreat; but being immediately 
 
78 
 
 seconded by Straughan's whole body, who 
 charged upon that of the Marquess, the Island- 
 ers threw down their arms and were dispersed ; 
 only the Dutch forces made an orderly retreat 
 into some shrubs hard by, where having very 
 valiantly defended themselves awhile, they were 
 at last enforced to yield. This was a total de- 
 feat : of one thousand two hundred which were 
 in the field on the Marquess's side, two hundred 
 were slain, and all the rest taken, saving about 
 a hundred who escaped by flight. Among the 
 prisoners of note were Major- General Sir John 
 Urrey, the Lord Frendraught, Sir Francis Hay 
 of Dalketie, Colonel Hay of Naughton, Colonel 
 Grey, Lieutenant-Colonel Stuart, with a great 
 number of other considerable officers and two 
 ministers. The royal standard was also taken, 
 in which was pourtrayed the head of the late 
 King, lying a bleeding, and severed from the 
 body, with this motto, "Judge and revenge 
 MY CAUSE, O Lord.'* The Marquess himself, 
 when he saw the day lost, threw away his cloak 
 which had the star on it (having received the 
 order of the garter a little while before), deserted 
 his horse, changed his habit with a Highlander, 
 and fled. The news of this victory was so wel- 
 come to the State and Kirk of Scotland, that 
 
79 
 
 they rewarded Straughan with 1000/. sterling, 
 and gratified the other officers. And to assure 
 it, they ordered narrow search to be made for 
 Montrose, propounding a great sum to any that 
 should apprehend him. He had continued three 
 or four days in the open fields without meat or 
 drink, with only one man in his company; till 
 at length in this starving condition he discover- 
 ed himself to the Lord Aston, who had formerly 
 been a friend of his. But his adversity and the 
 promised reward made him now be looked upon 
 under another notion, so that either out of fear, 
 or covetousness, or both, this Lord sends this 
 illustrious but unfortunate hero with a strong 
 guard to David Lesley, by whom he was forth- 
 with sent to Edinburgh, into which he was car^ 
 ried with all the ignominy, malice, assisted with 
 zeal, could invent : all which he underwent with 
 extraordinary constancy and magnanimity. He 
 was brought to the town's end upon a cart- 
 horse, and at the gates he was met by some 
 officers and the executioner in his livery-coat. 
 They put him into a high seat in fashion of a 
 chariot, and bound him about the breast and 
 arms with a cord into a chair. The executioner 
 (being so commanded) took off the Marquess's 
 hat, and the chariot being drawn with four 
 
80 
 
 horses, put on his own bonnet, mounted one of 
 the first horses, and so very solemnly drive 
 along to the Tolbooth. He had at that time 
 many wounds about him, but none incurable. 
 The Parliament had resolved beforehand what 
 sentence to pronounce upon him ; but the more 
 to disgrace him and to act with formality and 
 insolence, he was brought before them, where 
 he appeared in a rich attire with an undaunted 
 countenance. His chief adversaries were, Ar-* 
 gyle, an inveterate enemy to loyalty and con-^ 
 sequently to this noble Marquess, Loudon the 
 Chancellor, Kerre, and Cassills whowas gone on 
 commission to the King; but especially the 
 flea-bitten Ministers of Edinburgh, a generation 
 of people whose courses and practices are de-^ 
 tested by all that understand any thing of the 
 sobriety of the Christian religion. Being brought 
 to the bar of the House, the Chancellor told him 
 first, — "That he must kneel at the bar." Where- 
 unto he answered, — " My Lord, 1 shall with all 
 my heart observe any posture you shall appoint 
 me to appear before you in, whereby I may 
 manifest to you, that I freely submit to the au- 
 thority of Parliament, and to this present Par- 
 liament in a more especial manner, because you 
 have concluded so near a conjunction with his 
 
81 
 
 Majesty my master in the late treaty/' After 
 which the Chancellor made a speech to him, 
 the substance whereof was this. — '' Sir, I am 
 commanded to mind you of the last judgment 
 of God befallen you for your perfidious breaking 
 of the Covenant; which might justly provoke 
 God thus to divert your counsels and affairs, 
 for having been so eminent an author and actor 
 of mischief against this nation. You abandoned 
 the Covenant and despised the oath of God, 
 invaded your native country, and with most in- 
 human and barbarous cruelty burned and wasted 
 divers parts thereof, and have spilt much blood 
 of his Majesty's good subjects, taking advantage 
 of that time when the prime commanders and 
 forces thereof were employed elsewhere. For 
 these crimes you were excommunicated by the 
 Church, and fore-faulted fcy the Parliament of 
 this Kingdom, and yet still continued in the 
 highest contempt against God under that fear- 
 ful sentence of excommunication; and to this 
 day have you remained without the least show 
 of repentance. And God by his Providence hath 
 now justly brought you hither to receive the 
 sentence of your condemnation.*' 
 
 Hereunto the illustrious prisoner, having de- 
 sired and obtained liberty, answered ; — 
 
82 
 
 '* My Lord, I am glad that I may answer for 
 myself. Though I am here your prisoner, yet 
 my cause is good ; nor is there any breach of 
 the Covenant on my part, in which I swore to 
 be true to his Majesty, his heirs and successors. 
 Concerning what I have done in relation to the 
 wars and affairs of this kingdom, I had not only 
 a general commission, but particular orders for 
 what I have done from his Majesty, which I 
 was engaged to obey by the said Covenant. 
 And concerning my coming over now, I was as- 
 certained that you had professed to comply with 
 his Majesty in the present affairs in which he 
 hath employed me ; and upon that account it 
 was that I have acted. I desire to refer myself, 
 and to submit unto this present Parliament and 
 the authority thereof to be my judges in this 
 case, whom I own as. a true Parliament by au- 
 thority from his Majesty ; and I shall be con- 
 tent, however it shall please God to deal with 
 me. As for my life if you take it away by this 
 authority, it is well known to the world I regard 
 it not : death is a debt which we all owe, and 
 must once be paid by every one ; and I shall be 
 willing and much rejoice to go the same way 
 which my master passed before me ; and it is 
 the joy of my heart not only to do, but also to 
 suffer for him." 
 
83 
 
 After he had pronounced this with a very 
 composed gravity, even to the admiration of all 
 that heard him, he was commanded to with- 
 draw. The Parliament were not long in debate, 
 but unanimously resolved upon this sentence of 
 condemnation, which, he being recalled, was 
 pronounced against him : — 
 
 ** You are to be carried back to the place from 
 whence you came, and from thence to-morrow, 
 being the twenty-first of May (1650), to Edin- 
 burgh Cross, there to be hanged on a gallows 
 thirty foot high for the space of three hours, 
 with your history and declaration about your 
 neck, and then to be taken down, and your head 
 cut off upon the scaffold, and set upon Edin- 
 burgh Tolbooth, and your legs and arms over 
 the gates of the cities of Stirling, Dundee, Glas- 
 gow, and Aberdeen ; your trunk to be buried 
 in the common place for thieves and robbers, 
 except the Kirk take off your excommunication." 
 
 This sentence, aggravated by the Chancellor 
 in the utmost terms of horror his spleen could 
 invent, was undismayedly received by the noble 
 Marquess, who answered, " That he took it for 
 a greater honour to have his head stand on the 
 prison-gate for this quarrel, than to have his pic- 
 ture in the King's bed-chamber. And lest his 
 
 g2 
 
84 
 
 loyalty should be forgotten, they had highly ho- 
 noured him in designing lasting monuments to 
 bear up his memorial to all posterity ; wishing 
 he had flesh enough to have sent a piece to every 
 city in Christendom, to witness his loyalty to 
 his King and country." 
 
 The next day, having prepared his soul for 
 heaven, he marched magnanimously to the scaf- 
 fold, and notwithstanding all the interruptions 
 of the bitter spirited priests, having made a 
 sober speech to the people, underwent the cruel 
 sentence, with all the ignominious circumstances, 
 to his own perpetual glory, and the everlasting 
 reproach of his enemies. 
 
 Thus died this incomparable Marquess, of 
 immortal fame, a great example of unfortunate 
 virtue, whose barbarous murder I have more 
 particularly related, because it discovers the 
 temper of that Covenanted party who put him 
 to death. Posterity certainly will esteem his 
 memory, and account his judges deserving a 
 more exquisite punishment for this and other 
 their inhuman actions, than that they inflicted 
 on him., if it be possible for the quintessence of 
 malice to invent a greater. 
 . Within a few days after four other noble gen- 
 tlemen suffered for the same cause; Sir John 
 
85 
 
 Urry (notwithstanding he pleaded the benefit of 
 quarter), Colonel Spotswood, Laird of Darcy ; 
 Sir Francis Hay, and Colonel Sibbald ; though 
 they had the favour to be beheaded. 
 
 Such was the fate of his Majesty's affairs in 
 Scotland, and the brave persons that managed 
 them ; and such was the unparalleled insolence of 
 the Scots, who dared to murder his best friends, 
 while they were in treaty with him, upon a base 
 and ungenerous presumption, that the lowness 
 of his condition would enforce him to put up 
 patiently so high and detestable an indignity. 
 Which, indeed, he was constrained to do, as his 
 affairs then stood. When the news was brought 
 to his Majesty at Breda, he was much startled at 
 it, and expressed his resentment of their pro- 
 ceedings by a message sent them by Mr. Mur- 
 rey, '' That he was grieved to hear it credibly 
 reported, that notwithstanding those hopeful 
 overtures of peace lately made between him and 
 them, they had shed the blood of some of hiis 
 best subjects of the Kingdom of Scotland ; and 
 that the manner thereof, according to reports, 
 did extremely trouble him. But that he might 
 understand the particulars more certainly, he 
 desired an account of the business from them- 
 selves." 
 
86 
 
 In answer to this, they professed '* their affec- 
 tions were still real to him, and their hearts 
 much joyed to hear of his willingness to concur 
 with them in a happy agreement :" and desired 
 him *' not to stumble at some seeming obstacles, 
 as the death of Montrose, or their reducing of 
 his forces :" assuring him there was nothing in 
 what they did, but to accomplish his ends and 
 promote his interests to his best advantage. 
 (This zealous nation does God and the King good 
 service, when they illegally and inhumanly 
 murder their fellow-Christians and subjects.) 
 
 These actions of the Scots, and the business of 
 the Covenant, were the main impediments of 
 the treaty . But the murder of Montrose, though 
 it might justly have deterred his Majesty from 
 trusting himself into those hands which reeked 
 with his best servant's blood, could not be re- 
 dressed ; and his necessities enforced him to 
 dissemble all farther resentment of it. As for 
 the Covenant, he argued, " that it was the sub- 
 jects' Covenant to bind them to their King, and 
 not for him to swear to ; and therefore he thought 
 it sufficient to pass an act for his people to take 
 it." He likewise offered to confirm the Presby- 
 terian government in Scotland ; " provided that 
 himself might have always three chaplains of his 
 
87 
 
 own election ; as also to confirm the Militia in 
 the hands of the Estates for five years ; provided 
 that afterward it might return to himself." 
 These particulars were agreed to ; and so a con- 
 clusion put to the treaty. The news whereof 
 being carried to Edinburgh, the Parliament 
 forthwith met, and the fourth faction which I 
 mentioned, viz. such as corresponded with the 
 sectarian Junto of England, were so strangely 
 and ridiculously impudent, as to put it to the 
 vote, ** whether any more addresses should be 
 made to the King" (it seemed they desired to 
 ape the abominable monsters at Westminster, 
 who passed a vote of non-addresses after his late 
 Majesty had consented to all their demands) : 
 there were thirty-two of these malevolent nega- 
 tives, but the major part carried it in the affirm- 
 ative. Whereupon a message was resolved upon 
 to be sent to him, wherein they invited him, 
 "to make all possible speed to come to his king- 
 dom of Scotland," emd protested, *' they would 
 assist him with their lives and fortunes to esta- 
 blish him in all his dominions." Yet with all 
 they forbore not to advertise him, ** they had 
 testimonies to produce of his actings by letters 
 to Montrose,'' having belike intercepted three 
 or four, *' contrary to his promise to them at the 
 
88 
 
 treaty at Breda," as they pretended, '* however 
 they were willing" out of special grace, *' to dis- 
 pense with him for what was past, so that he 
 would without delay, according to the articles 
 of agreement, come over into Scotland, and 
 comply with the Parliament and the Kirk." 
 
 After this they betook themselves to make 
 preparations for his reception : two of the chief- 
 est houses in Edinburgh were richly furnished, 
 and the Parliament took into consideration the 
 nominating officers for his Majesty's household, 
 which they did with much arrogance, not per- 
 mitting those to wait upon him whom he chiefly 
 favoured, and whom he judged best affected to- 
 wards him, and by proclamation prohibiting 
 several great Scotch Lords, as Duke Hamilton, 
 the Earls of Lauderdale and Seaforth, with many 
 other persons of quality, who had constantly at- 
 tended on him in Jersey and Holland, from re- 
 turning into Scotland. 
 
 Thus we have seen the deportment of the 
 Covenanters towards his Majesty and friends 
 during his absence: we now come to relate 
 their actions after he took possession personally 
 of the kingdom of Scotland; which after the 
 conclusion of the treaty he did not delay to do, 
 but about the beginning of June he left the 
 
89 
 
 Hague and took shipping at Scheveling in Hol- 
 land. By the way he was in some danger by 
 reason of a tedious storm, and certain English 
 ships which plied about the coast to way-lay 
 him ; but with some difficulty he escaped both, 
 and arrived safe at a place called the Spey, in the 
 North of Scotland, whither some Lords were 
 sent to receive and accompany him to Edin- 
 burgh. All the way he was entertained with the 
 general joy and acclamations of the people. At 
 Dundee, new propositions were by Commis- 
 sioners from the Parliament and Kirk presented 
 to him to sign ; which, after some reluctancy, 
 he performed. The town of Aberdeen presented 
 him with 1500/. but the Committee of Estates 
 sent to several places who had the same inten- 
 tions, enjoining them whatever plate or money 
 they had to bestow, to bring the same into such 
 a treasury as they should appoint. As if it 
 were unfit for his Majesty to be master of his 
 own purse. While they were in expectation of 
 his arrival, the Committee of Estates and Par- 
 liament consulted about forming of an army for 
 his service as they pretended, and an act was 
 passed for training every fourth man capable to 
 bear arms throughout the kingdom, and raising 
 sixteen thousand foot and six thousand horse; 
 
90 
 
 in which the Earl of Leven was made general df 
 the foot, Holborn major-general ; David Lesley 
 lieutenant-general of the horse, and Montgomery- 
 major-general ; the supreme command being re- 
 served for his Majesty. Who, arriving at Edin- 
 burgh, was entertained with many compliments 
 and congratulations, and on the fifteenth of July 
 solemnly proclaimed King at the Cross, and 
 should have been crowned in the ensuing month, 
 had not certain obstacles caused the deferring of 
 that ceremony. He had not been long there, 
 but the Estates and Parliament begin to busy 
 themselves afresh about modelling his retinue, 
 and clearing his household of such malignants 
 (as they termed them) as were in his service, 
 excluding them also from all employment both 
 about his person and in the army. As for him- 
 self, he had a strong guard continually about 
 him. to attend him and observe his motions. 
 
 The English pretended Parliament had all this 
 while sufficient intelligence of the Scots' pro- 
 ceedings with his Majesty in the treaty of Breda, 
 together with their engagement to assist him in 
 the recovery of his rights in England, and this 
 by the perfidiousness and treachery of some of 
 the fourth faction I mentioned in the Parliament 
 of Scotland. And therefore, by the solicitation 
 
91 
 
 of these traitors, and partly out of policy to 
 prevent an invasion by making one, whereby 
 the enemy's country would become the seat of 
 the war, they prepared an army against Scot- 
 land, and sent for Cromwell out of Ireland, on 
 whom they conferred the command of captain- 
 general of all their forces in the room of the Lord 
 Fairfax, who gave up his commission, abhorring 
 to be longer a servant to such horrid designs as 
 they had formerly put him upon. 
 
 About this time one Ascham whom the Junto 
 had sent agent into Spain was assassinated at 
 Madrid, together with his interpreter Senior 
 Riba, by a combination of six or seven men at 
 Madrid, who, after the fact, took sanctuary. 
 Dorislaus, another agent of the upstart republic^ 
 had the same fate also, though more deservedly, 
 about a year before in Holland. It happened also 
 during the treaty was on foot between his Ma- 
 jesty and his Scottish subjects, that Prince Ru- 
 pert's fleet, having for a long time been protected 
 by the King of Portugal, was utterly destroyed 
 upon that coast by Blake, the English admiral. 
 
 On the twenty-eighth of June, Cromwell hav- 
 ing got all things in readiness for a war, advanced 
 towards Scotland at the head of eleven thousand 
 foot and five thousand horse. And approaching 
 
92 
 
 to the borders sent the Scots a declaration from 
 the pretended Parliament of England, and an- 
 other from himself, to justify these proceedings. 
 The Scots seemed much surprised at this inva- 
 sion without warning given, and therefore send 
 to expostulate the cause of it in a paper to Ha- 
 zlerig, then governor of Newcastle, in another to 
 Cromwell, and a third to the Junto ; in which 
 they urged the Solemn League and Covenant, 
 and the former union between the two nations. 
 But it was answered by a declaration.— 1 . '' That 
 the Scots (contrary to their agreement) had once 
 already invaded England under Duke Hamilton, 
 and were now ready for a second invasion ; so 
 that the English were advanced against them 
 only by way of prevention. 2. That they had 
 made a peace with the common enemy, and pro- 
 mised him assistance to regain the other king- 
 doms he pretended to. 3. They had resolved 
 to impose their form of religion upon the Eng- 
 lish nation.'' These were the grounds the Eng- 
 lish alleged for their proceedings. Accordingly 
 Cromwell marches into Scotland, taking all the 
 garrisons that lay in his way, till he came to 
 Musselborough (a place famous for a signal de- 
 feat given the Scots in the reign of Edward the 
 Sixth), there he is set upon by Major-General 
 
93 
 
 Montgomery and Colonel Straughan; but the 
 assailants were put to the worst. After which the 
 two main armies having for some time moved at 
 a small distance one from another, the Scots de- 
 clined engaging till they got the English at a 
 great disadvantage at Dunbar, who, by the dif- 
 ficulties of the place, were so distressed for pro- 
 vision, that they began to think of an escape by 
 sea, and would without doubt have taken that 
 course, had not the Scots' confidence of victory 
 induced them to set upon them (contrary to the 
 great prudent maxims of war, viz, to make a 
 bridge for a flying enemy, and not to drive an 
 enemy's army to the utmost of despair). The 
 event of this engagement was, that the Scots, in- 
 stead of an assured victory, received a total 
 overthrow ; three thousiand of them being slain 
 in the field, amongst whom was the Laird of 
 Libberton and Colonel Lumsden, about eight 
 thousand, with Sir James Lumsden, lieutenant- 
 general of the foot, made prisoners, and two 
 hundred colours (part of those that were after- 
 ward hung up in Westminster-Hall), fifteen 
 thousand arms, and thirty pieces of ordnance, 
 taken. 
 
 The King in the mean time was withdrawn to 
 St. Johnstone's, being so sensible of the Scots' 
 
94 
 
 unfaithfulness, that he apprehended as much 
 danger from them as from the enemy. Here he 
 received the news of this-loss, which was follow- 
 ed with a greater, that of the excellent princess 
 his sister Elizabeth, who died on the eighth of 
 September 1650, at Carisbrook Castle in the 
 Isle of Wight; a lady of incomparable goodness 
 and piety, and who deserved to have been bom 
 in a better age, and in a less barbarous nation. 
 The execrable murder of her royal Father has- 
 tened her death ; whether the same villains at 
 the helm of the state contributed any thing to- 
 wards it, though reported, I will not eiflSrm. 
 Only I know they were enemies enough to that 
 family, and base enough to attempt as great a 
 crime. It is recorded by some that the decease 
 of this illustrious Princess afflicted his Majesty 
 more than the loss of the army at Dunbar ; and 
 perhaps he had reason, since himself seemed 
 least concerned in this, the forces having been 
 raised, and ordered wholly by the States and 
 Kirk's command, and for their interest. About 
 Idiis time also died the renowned Prince of 
 Orange, to the great grief of the King, leaving 
 his princess great with her first child, of which 
 she was safely delivered four days after, being a 
 son and his father's successor. 
 
1 
 
 :r^; y 
 
 rnrn^ 
 
 IVomaPrint "bj-D«Jode 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 '^ 
 
 
 
 ,J 
 
 
 
 
 ^^HjHj 
 
 
 k '■'•'L^f Tt 
 
 
 
 K^^^I^Xr Vd^ 
 
 ,- -^^^^^1 
 
 
 1^^ 
 
 ^^!i^ 
 
 ^ : *. .' .•'*. ; 
 
 pP 
 
 ^*^\ K:^^ 
 
 « 1 • • • • . 
 
 If 'ii 
 
 
 } :. » • y^ .' 
 
 Siil 
 
 
 ) 
 1 
 
 R.Cooper Scijlp ^ 
 
 
 i?^)^KK^<srag© m.j^.myfr 
 
 JhbUchfd by C ^.•H.Ha.ldwyn f/fwqat^e Sfrert . 
 
• »c>r. •«, , 
 
95 
 
 About this time Colonel Eusebius Andrewes, 
 having been found with a commission from his 
 Majesty, was condemned by a High Court of 
 Justice, and beheaded on Tower Hill. 
 
 Immediately after this notable victory, Crom- 
 well made himself master of Edinburgh and of 
 Leith, only the Castle of Edinburgh held out for 
 a good while after. 
 
 The King being unable to bear the imperious- 
 ness and hard impositions of the Estates and 
 Kirk, extorting a declaration from him to con- 
 demn his own proceedings and those of his best 
 affected party, banishing his friends from about 
 him, and usurping the whole government of all 
 affairs both ecclesiastical and civil into their 
 own hands, and placing guards about his person, 
 &c. secretly escapes from St. Johnstone's in 
 much discontent (in order, as some think, to 
 going beyond sea), accompanied only with four 
 horsemen toward the North of Scotland, where 
 the Marquess of Huntley, the Earls of Athol 
 and Seaforth, the Lords Ogleby and Newburgh, 
 with the Gordons, and the men of Athol, were 
 ready to appear for him with a considerable 
 force. 
 
 The Committee of Estates at St. Johnstone's 
 were much surprised and troubled at this de- 
 
96 
 
 parture of his Majesty, especially for that they 
 feafed he was gone to Major-General Middleton 
 and the Athol men (who were purely for his 
 interest, disclaiming the Kirk's authority with 
 that of Parliament and Estates), for the appeas- 
 ing of whom, an act of indemnity was oflfered 
 them ; which they contemning, and falling 
 upon and worsting Sir John Browne's regiment,: 
 Lieutenant-General Lesley is commanded forth 
 against them. In the mean time, while the Par- 
 liament and Committee of Estates are consulting 
 and debating what course to take with the King, 
 some propounding, that since he had deserted 
 them, they should look no more after him, but 
 leave him to his own ways ; the more mo- 
 derate judging it fit rather to testify to his 
 Majesty their sorrow for his departure, and 
 desire him graciously to return : a different 
 faction of the Covenanters, under the commaind 
 of Straughan and Kerre in the West, set forth a 
 remonstrance to the Committee of Estates, tax- 
 ing them of ** imprudence and temerity in has- 
 tening to conclude a treaty with, receiving 
 and entertaining the King, before he had given 
 any convincing evidence of a real change, after 
 his commissioning Montrose to invade Scotland ; 
 judging his profession of the Cause and the Co- 
 
97 
 
 venant merely counterfeit, as appeared by his fa-« 
 vouring Scotch and English Malignants as they 
 termed them. And for these reasons they ab- 
 solutely refused to submit to his power and 
 authority. Of this faction, besides Kerre and 
 Straughan, were the Lord Warreston (lately a 
 member of our pretended Committee of Safety) 
 and Sir John Chiesy. An accommodation was 
 endeavoured to be made between them and the 
 Estates at St. Johnston s ; but they stood off, 
 and declared against King and Lords on the one 
 side, and the sectarian English army on the 
 other. Thus was this poor nation divided 
 among themselves, whilst at the same time a 
 merciless foreign enemy was ravaging in the 
 bowels of it. However the Committee of 
 Estates and Kirk (several of whose great stick- 
 lers were become very inclinable to his Majesty) 
 resolve at length to dispatch Major-General 
 Montgomery with a party of horse after him, 
 humbly to entreat his return. Montgomery; 
 upon inquiry, understanding that his Majesty 
 was at the Lord Dedup's house in the north 
 confines of Fife, hastens thither, and first sur- 
 rounding the house, enters and upon his knees 
 acquaints the King what desires he brought 
 from the Committee of Estates. But he abso- 
 
 n 
 
98 
 
 lutely refused at first, as not enduring the sub^ 
 jeetion they had made him live in ; the news 
 whereof brought to the Estates, set the Kirk 
 party and such as favoured the English secta- 
 ries agog again, who hereupon were very vio- 
 lent for no more addresses to be made to him, 
 whose motion began to have some influence 
 upon the rest. In the mean time his Majesty 
 was urgently solicited by the Marquess of 
 Huntly and the Athol men that rose for him in 
 the North to adheje solely to them, uixdertaki^g 
 to secure him against the Kirk and all others : 
 to which invitation he seemed very prone to 
 hearken, so that the breach betwixt him and the 
 covenanted party who brought him iri, was near 
 become irreconcileable. But the consideration 
 of the danger which might redound from the 
 foreign enemy by occasion of this division, the 
 concession of some propositions, together with 
 the importunity of Montgomery, and the indus- 
 try of some attendants about him, induced him 
 to return back with the Major-General to St. 
 Johnston's. And it was judged requisite to 
 unite all parties (if possible) against the com- 
 mon enemy : to which purpose Huntly and 
 Middleton were treated with, who refused to 
 submit, and marched up within a mile of St. 
 
99 
 
 Johnston's, where they had hke to have been 
 engaged by David Lesley. But upon some 
 concessions (as to be admitted into places of 
 trust, &c.) a treaty was concluded. One would 
 have thought now the service against the com- 
 mon destroyer of their country would have been 
 unanimously carried on ; yet this reconciliation 
 begat another feud (as if the zealots of this na- 
 tion had been infatuated purposely for their 
 own ruin). The Ministers of Stirling vrere so 
 far from consenting to this treaty, that they past 
 the sentence of excommunication upon Middle- 
 ton, in defiance of the Estates at St. Johnston's, 
 and being summoned thither to a general meet- 
 ing to be held there, consisting of King, Lords, 
 Barons, Burgesses, and Assembly of Ministers, 
 to consult for the good and safety of the King, 
 Kingdom, and Kirk, they refused, and advised 
 the Estates to be at a greater distance from the 
 King and his Council, and rather to come to 
 Stirling. But at length with much ado they 
 were brought to go to St. Johnston's. Much 
 time had been lost in these fatal differendes, and 
 the public safety was neglected, whilst itten 
 minded the satisfaction of their own perverse 
 and malicious humours. It was now highly re- 
 quisite to look about them, and therefore Mid- 
 
 H 2 
 
100 
 
 dleton was employed with a commission and in- 
 structions from his Majesty (who well enough 
 understood that the safety of himself and that 
 nation depended wholly on the unanimity of his 
 subjects) to treat with some forces in the High- 
 lands who still refused to submit. 
 
 The grand Assembly convene, and as the first 
 evidences of concord divers Scotch Lords, for- 
 merly in disfavour with the Kirk, were received 
 into the army or the Parliament, as Duke Ha- 
 milton, the Lords Lauderdale, Buchan, Leith, 
 Dedup, Crawford ; and of the English, Major- 
 General Massey was admitted to a command 
 in the army. 
 
 Colonel Kerre in the West of Scotland, who 
 had stood off from all parties hitherto, at length 
 so far complied with the Kirk-grandees, that he 
 took Straughan prisoner, who by Cromwell's 
 inveiglement inclined to side with the English 
 (a right Scot). But not long after Kerre was de- 
 feated and taken by Major-General Lambert ; a 
 just reward and consequence of his seditious 
 discord. About the beginning of October, some 
 gentlemen and others in Norfolk took arms 
 against the tyranny of the pretended Parlia* 
 ment, declaring for the restitution of the ancient 
 government of the land by a king and the laws; 
 
101 
 
 but the county Militia and some forces from 
 Lynn suddenly dispersed them, taking some 
 whom afterward, by a solemn new way of mur- 
 der first practised at Westminster upon the late 
 King, and afterward in most places of England 
 upon his friends, they put to death at Norwich. 
 A little before this they likewise executed at 
 Tyburn one Mr. Benson, for having been guilty 
 of the same pretended treason with Colonel 
 Eusebius Andrewes formerly beheaded. 
 
 On December the 24th, Edinburgh Castle, 
 having endured a violent siege three months, 
 surrendered to Cromwell, and so did other strong 
 castles and places, as Nesbit, Berthwick, and 
 Roswell, &c. so successful were their impious 
 arms, by God's providence, who was pleased to 
 use them as a scourge for these sinful nations. 
 
 Preparations in the mean time were made for 
 the coronation of his Majesty, for the celebrating 
 of which the first of January had been long be- 
 fore designed by the Estates. The place was 
 the Town of Scoone, where one hundred and fifty 
 Kings of that nation had formerly been crowned. 
 Thither, therefore, his Majesty, with the nobil- 
 ity, barons, and burgesses in their robes, re- 
 moved, the whole Scotch army standing all the 
 way as a guard, making a lane between those 
 
102 
 
 two places. The solemnity Was performed witli 
 as much pomp and ceremony as the present 
 state of things would permit, and with loud ac- 
 clamations, bonfires, shooting of guns, &c. His 
 Majesty having first heard a sermon preached 
 by Mr. Robert Douglas, sitting upon a scaffold 
 erected in the church of Scoone, took the ordi- 
 nary coronation oath and subscribed the nati- 
 onal covenant with the Solemn League and Co- 
 venant. . . After which he ascended upon a stage 
 a little higher than the former, and sat down on 
 the throne ; when the people being demanded 
 four times by the king-at-arms, f ' Whether they 
 were willing to accept of King Charles for their 
 king, and become subject to his command- 
 ments ;" expressed their consent with loud aci- 
 clamations, God save King Charles the 
 •Second. This being done, his Majesty was 
 clothed by the Lord-Chamberlain with his royal 
 robes ; the crown was set upon his head by the 
 Marquess of Argyle, and the sceptre put into 
 his hand, the sword was girt about him by the 
 Earl-Marshall, a;nd the spurs put on by the Earl 
 of Eglington.,, Then the nobility being called 
 by the herald, one by one swore allegiance and 
 fealty to his Majesty, touching the crown upon 
 his heftdwith ikm right-hand, in these words. 
 
1(© 
 
 '' By the Eternal and Almighty God who liveth 
 and reigneth for ever, I shall support thee to the 
 uttermost." The people also holding up their 
 hands swore obedience to his Majesty according 
 to the usual oath. And to conclude all, an ex- 
 hortatory oration was made by Mr. Robert 
 Douglas and a prayer. Which being done his 
 Majesty and the nobility departed out of the 
 church in the former order and pomp, the Earl 
 of Glencairn carrying the sword before him. 
 
 The ceremonies being thus ended, his Majesty 
 and the nobility were entertained at a stately 
 and magnificent dinner ; which done, they all 
 returned to St. Johnston's, in the same manner 
 they came in; his Majesty's guard consisting 
 of the sons of divers great Scotch lords and other 
 members of Parliament, the captain whereof 
 was the Lord of Lome, son to Argyle. I have 
 omitted the full relation of all the passages at 
 his Majesty's inauguration, because they have 
 been already frequently published, and lest they 
 should add too much to the bulk of this volume. 
 
 This business being over, it behoved his Ma- 
 jesty to provide for the defence of his crown 
 and kingdom ; in order whereunto he set up his 
 standard at Aberdeen, to which a considerable 
 number of men in a short time repaired, of whom 
 
104 
 
 himself was general; Duke Hamilton, lieutengmt- 
 general of the army ; David Lesley, major-gene- 
 ral ; Middleton, lieutenant-general of the horse; 
 and Massey, commander-in-chief of all the Eng- 
 lish forces. 
 
 The Parliament of Scotland which had ad- 
 journed during his Majesty's coronation, re- 
 assembled about the beginning of March, and 
 much contest there was for several Lords of the 
 royal party to be admitted to their seats in the 
 house ; which, by reason of the opposition of 
 the Kirk-assemblies at Stirling and Aberdeen, 
 could not be obtained till they had passed the 
 stool of repentance; which Duke Hamilton did 
 with some kind of splendour, having a table 
 placed before him covered with black velvet, 
 with a cushion of the same, and making a great 
 feast that day. / 
 
 In this session a committee was appointed to 
 consider of the state of affairs, and examine ob- 
 structions ; by whom several persons that were 
 found to hold correspondence with the English 
 army had their estates sequestered, and some 
 were tried for their lives ; Argyle at the same 
 time, and other covenanter lords, repining at the 
 admission of the royal lords into the Parliament 
 and army, as if they should thereby become 
 
105 
 
 overpowered or utterly discarded. And indeed 
 .to these two pernicious qualities, treachery and 
 particular ambition (peculiar almost to that na- 
 tion), his Majesty's and that kingdom's ensuing 
 misfortunes ought to be ascribed. 
 
 In the mean time his Majesty was very active 
 in modelling his new army, whose rendezvous 
 was at the east of Fife, encouraging them many 
 times with his presence and speech. The Eng- 
 lish gain two very strong castles, Hume and 
 Trimptallon, lying between Berwick and Edin- 
 burgh ; the former by Colonel Fenwick, and the 
 other by Colonel Monk. But to prevent their 
 farther progress, his Majesty personally visited 
 all the garrisons of Fife, and put them in a pos- 
 ture to hinder the English from landing on that 
 side the Frith ; after which he went to the As- 
 sembly at Aberdeen to endeavour by his pre- 
 sence and authority to compose dissentions. 
 .And having taken this order at home, he em- 
 ployed the Earl of Dumferling ambassador into 
 Holland, and Mr. Crofts into Russia ; besides 
 others into other nations, to solicit for assist- 
 ance. Thus he acquitted himself as far as human 
 prudence could reach ; but abroad, his ambas- 
 sadors received nothing but fruitless promises 
 and empty compliments, among whom Sir Hen- 
 
1D6 
 
 ry Hyde, lieger at Constantinople, had the worst 
 foi^tunc; for I.knownot upon what contest be- 
 tween him and Sir Thomas Bendish that lay 
 there in behalf of the New State, Bendish got 
 him into his hands, and sent him over into Eng- 
 land, where (as other loyal subjects had for- 
 merly been) he was formally tried before a par- 
 cel of murderers in a pretended High Court of 
 Justice, condemned, and beheaded near the Old 
 Exchange in London, on March 4, 1650. A 
 person he was of great parts, honesty, and loy- 
 alty. Of the same cup also, and from the same 
 hands, tasted Captain Brown Bushel, an expert 
 seaman, who had lately done notable service 
 for his Majesty by sea. He was beheaded on 
 Tower-Hill, on the twenty-fifth of April, 1651. 
 But to proceed ; : my considerations could 
 unite the dissenting covenanted Scots ; the 
 clergy, like fire-brands, were as eager to ruin 
 their country with their tongues, as the secta- 
 rian army could be with the sword; Guthry, 
 Cant, Duram, Galespy^ men of hot spirits, in- 
 flaming inconsiderable discontents to high out- 
 rages, as if a spirit of division had wholly pos- 
 sessed them, and so perverted their judgments, 
 that petty animosities were prosecuted with 
 greater zeal than the public cause. Malignants 
 
107 
 
 it seems had commands given them, and grew 
 potent ; this was the ground of contest. Some 
 covenanted Lords too, either for that they were 
 kirk-ridden, or blinded with envy and ambition, 
 began to be dissatisfied : whereupon Louden 
 was discharged from being Chancellor, and the 
 Lord Burleigh substituted. This begat ill blood. 
 The Earl of Sutherland assembled about five 
 hundred men, and seemed to intend them upon 
 another account. What course then should his 
 Majesty take amidst this perverse nation? How- 
 ever, he omitted no means that the most pru- 
 dent and diligent prince could use, as well to 
 reconcile deferences, as to complete his levies ; 
 to which purpose he obtained an act of the Par- 
 liament for levying fifteen thousand foot, and 
 eight thousand horse. Soon after which the 
 Parliament adjourned till the seventeenth of 
 April, devolving the civil power in the mean 
 time into the hands of a select council, and the 
 military upon a committee of war, consisting of 
 twenty persons chosen out of each of the Three 
 Estates. Special care was taken about the for- 
 tifying of Stirling, the King himself going often 
 to hasten the completing of them, and shortly 
 after removed his court from St. Johnston's thi- 
 ther. The twenty-ninth of May, being his Ma- 
 
108 
 
 jesty's birth-day, was solemnized with great re- 
 joicing throughout Scotland; the Parliament 
 adjourning, and his Majesty dining that day with 
 most of the nobility at a great feast ; and the 
 Town of Dundee, to express their affections be- 
 yond all the rest, presented his Majesty with a 
 jich tent, six field-pieces of ordnance, and ad- 
 vanced a brave regiment of horse for his service 
 at their own charges. Meanwhile the English 
 pursue their advantages, and Colonel Monk 
 takes Blacknesse, a strong place between Edin- 
 burgh and Stirling, by surrender. Which loss 
 was not so considerable as that of the Earl of 
 Eglington (a person of eminent wcJrth and au- 
 thority), who, having been sent into the West 
 Nvith some other commanders to raise forces, and 
 coming to Dunbarton to put his commission in 
 execution, was there surprised by a party of 
 horse, sent thither for that purpose by Colonel 
 Lilburne, together with his son. Colonel James 
 Montgomery, Lieutenant-Colonel Colburn, &c. 
 and carried to Edinburgh. 
 
 About this time also, the pretended Parlia- 
 ment of England, judging it advantageous to get 
 into their power those lesser islands which held 
 out for his Majesty, sent their General Blake to 
 that of Scilly, who, with three hundred seamen 
 
109 
 
 in a short space reduced the most important 
 places in it. 
 
 The Parliament of Scotland being re-assem- 
 bled at St. Johnston's after their adjournment, 
 his Majesty sent a message to them, desiring, 
 "1. That the act about the classes of Malignants 
 might be repealed. 2. That no more mention 
 might be made of the name of Malignants 
 amongst them. 3. That Duke Hamilton, the 
 Earls of Calendar and Seaforth, and others, might 
 have full command in the army." These pro- 
 posals, which were of high importance to the 
 common safety, and consentaneous as well to 
 religion as reason of state, were notwithstanding 
 vehemently opposed by Argyle and the cove- 
 nanted gang ; yet the moderate party prevailed, 
 and they were carried in the affirmative. And 
 having passed these and the act of indemnity, 
 and taken order for the pressing of men, they 
 dissolved about the beginning of June. For the 
 expediting the levies, Argyle, Huntly, and Sea- 
 forth, were dispatched away to their several 
 territories. Cromwell in the mean time had been 
 very sick, so that there passed little of action 
 during that time ; nor were the Scots willing to 
 engage till their forces were completed. Major-^^ 
 peneral Massey had received instruction to fall 
 
into England with the English horse and foot 
 under his command, and, together with the Duke 
 ofi Buckingham and Lord Wilmot, to join with 
 a party in Lancashire, that were to rise for the 
 King. The design was chiefly promoted at 
 London by some of the Presbyterian Clergy, 
 who held correspondence with Major-General 
 Massey, and contributed divers sums of money 
 to his assistance. But a ship bound for the 
 Isle of Man being driven into Ayre in Scotland, 
 was taken, and letters found in her which dis- 
 covered the whole confederacy : whereupon the 
 chief heads of it in London were apprehended, 
 Mr. Cook, Gibbons, Love, Jenkins,. Drake, and 
 others ; two of whom, viz. Mr. Love and Mr. 
 Gibbons, had a formal trial before a pretended 
 High Court of Justice, and were beheaded on 
 Tower-Hill, August 22, 1651. The rest upon 
 their repentance and supplications were after- 
 ward released. By this means the intended 
 irruption and insurrection were frustrated. 
 
 Cromwell being now recovered from his sick- 
 ness, and having contracted all his forces into a 
 body by drawing in his out-guards or petty gar- 
 risons, and having received great supplies of 
 ammunition from Berwick, and 80,000/. from the 
 Junto by sea for his soldiers, resolved upon a 
 
"fTalker lin-x: 
 
 R, Cooper Sculp : 
 
 (DJfdKN^L^l^ ©TE(n)SirWI12dI^ 
 
 ffii tishedbyCSaH.Baldwyn Afew^ale S free I 
 
* ' t c e o « 
 
Ill 
 
 speedy encounter. His forces consisted of four- 
 teen regiments of horse, and twelve regiments 
 of foot ; six troops of dragoons, and sixteen pieces 
 of ordnance. With these, about the latter end of 
 June, he advances into Lithgow, and endeavour- 
 ed to dare the Scots to an engagement, who lay- 
 strongly encamped at Torwood, within three 
 miles of Stirling ; but they thought fit to decline 
 battle till their forces were completed. Where- 
 fore to intercept their supplies of provision Col- 
 onel Overton was commanded with one thou- 
 sand six hundred foot, and four troops of horse, 
 to fall into the north of Fife ; who accordingly 
 embarking his men in small boats, landed them 
 at the North Ferry in spite of all opposition : 
 Cromwell himself in the mean time marching 
 with his whole army close up to the Scots, in- 
 tending to fall upon their rear in case they moved 
 to disturb the enterprise. However, Major- 
 General Sir John Brown and Major-General 
 Holburn were dispatched to drive the English 
 out of Fife again ; but before they could come 
 up to them, Lambert and Okey were joined 
 by Overton with two regiments of horse and 
 two of foot. And with this unexpected rein- 
 forcement, the English wholly defeated the 
 Scots, killing two thousand upon the place, and 
 
112 
 
 taking above one thousand two hundred pris-? 
 oners, among whom was the commander-in- 
 chief Major- General Brown, who did not long' 
 survive this loss, but died (as is conceived) of' 
 grief, having always approve^ himself to his. 
 Majesty a person of much fidelity and courage^ 
 This defeat was the bane of the Scotch affairs ;. 
 for soon after the English took in garrisons 
 almost as fast as they approached them. Brunt 
 Island, and a strong Forth, called Innesgarvy, si- 
 tuate in an Isle lying in the Frith, were reduced, 
 by Major-General Lambert ; and within a few 
 days after, Cromwell took the Town of St. John- 
 ston's after one day's siege, by surrender. Tliis 
 prodigious success caused his Majesty to alter 
 his counsels, and design an irruption into Eng- 
 land, which was resolved upon out of probable 
 hopes that many of his loyal subjects there 
 would betake themselves to his assistance when 
 they understood he was at the head of an army 
 iiiit. This indeed was a desperate course, but 
 (according to that of the great Physician) what 
 matters it whether the remedy be desperate 
 when there is but one ? Scotland was in a man- 
 ner already lost, the army he had levied were 
 raw inexperienced men, and all the garrisons- 
 round about were possessed by the enemy, 
 
113 
 
 whose forces were far more numerous, and bet- 
 ter provided of ammunition and able horses, and 
 besides had been animated by frequent vic- 
 tories, and the spoil of such places as they had 
 taken. Possibly in England his Majesty might 
 soon have forces competent to match them ; at 
 least he should not be beset with so many dif- 
 ficulties, and one fortunate field might wholly 
 turn the scale. Accordingly, upon Thursday 
 July 31, 1651, all things being in readiness, the 
 Scotch army left their camp at Stirling (which 
 was soon after delivered to Lieutenant -General 
 Monk), and the sixth day after, being about six- 
 teen thousand, entered England by the way of 
 Carlisle. Upon intelligence of this sudden march, 
 Cromwell's army (of which the greatest part was 
 in Fife) forthwith crossed the Frith, and first 
 Lambert was sent with five regiments of horse 
 and dragoons to fall upon the Scots' rear ; Crom- 
 well himself soon after (August 6) followed with 
 eight regiments of foot, two of horse, and eight 
 great guns, having left six thousand horse and 
 foot with Lieutenant-General Monk, to reduce 
 the remaining garrisons of Scotland. Major- 
 General Harrison, being advanced the nearest 
 England, with three thousand horse and dra- 
 goons attended the motion of the Scotch army, 
 
114 
 
 and the Westminster Junto suddenly bestirred 
 themselves to raise the Militia of the whole na- 
 tion, and make an act to forbid *all relief and 
 succour to be given to his Majesty, or his forces, 
 under penalty of high-treason. Immediately 
 the militias of most counties were drawn into 
 the field against him ; and for the hindering of 
 his progress, two thousand of the county militia 
 of Staffordshire, and four thousand out of Lan- 
 cashire and Cheshire, under Colonel Birch, 
 joined with Lambert and Harrison, whose first 
 attempt upon the royal army, was at Warring- 
 ton-Bridge, the passage of which was very 
 sharply disputed, but at length gained by the 
 Scots, with the loss of some men. In the 
 mean time a party in Wales began to rise for 
 the King, intending to have joined with the Earl 
 of Derby from the Isle of Man ; but the design 
 was crushed before it came to any thing. The 
 march of the Scotch army was managed with 
 extreme civility to the people as they passed, 
 no soldier daring to plunder or steal the least 
 thing whatever, having been terrified by the 
 punishment of one of their number, who was 
 shot to death for entering an orchard. But as 
 this carriage of theirs, together with his Majes- 
 ty's invitations, did not so prevail upon the 
 
115 
 
 people to come in to him as he expected, so by 
 the way fear deprived him of about the fourth 
 part of the army he brought out of Scotland. 
 It was deliberated by his Majesty's council 
 whether or no to march forthwith to London ; 
 but the way was too tedious, and the soldiers 
 were much wearied with their journey already; 
 and it was hoped the interest Major-General 
 Massey had in Gloucestershire would procure a 
 confluence of men from those parts. As soon 
 as the army entered England, and afterward at 
 every market-town, his Majesty was proclaimed 
 King of England, by an Englishman whom he 
 had created King at Arms, with much satisfac- 
 tion of the country. However, such was the 
 fate of these nations, for the punishment of 
 whose sins a severe yoke was reserved by Pro- 
 vidence (for I know not what apparent reason 
 to ascribe their actions to on this occasion), that 
 instead of assisting their just and lawful prince, 
 they arose generally in arms against him. The 
 Lord Fairfax (who till then had been believed sen- 
 sible of some remorse for his former proceedings) 
 appeared in the field with a formidable body to 
 flank the royal army as they marched ; London 
 poured out her numerous militia ; and the adja- 
 cent counties were by strict order of Parliament 
 
 I 2 
 
116 
 
 enjoined to set out horse and men at their owri 
 charges. The King in the mean time received 
 no considerable supply, saving one troop of 
 horse, commanded by a noble young gentleman 
 Sir Cecil Howard, son to the Lord Howard of 
 Esericke. Nevertheless there wanted not cou- 
 rage in the breasts of the nobility and gentry 
 with his Majesty, whose great resolutions made 
 them hope even in the midst of despair. From 
 Tong Norton his Majesty sent a trumpeter with 
 a letter and summons to Colonel Mackworth, Go- 
 vernor of Shrewsbury, which I shall venture to 
 insert with the answer. His Majesty's letter 
 was in these words : — 
 
 '' Colonel Mackworth. Having sent you here- 
 with a summons to render into my hands my 
 Town with the Castle of Shrewsbury ; I cannot 
 but persuade myself you will do it, when I con- 
 sider you a gentleman of an ancient house, and 
 of very different principles (as I am informed) 
 from those with whom your employment ranks 
 you at present. If you shall peaceably deliver 
 them unto me, I will not only pardon what i^ 
 past, and protect you and yours in your persons 
 and all that belongs to you, but reward so emi- 
 nent and seasonable a testimony of your loyalty 
 with future trust and favour, and do leave it to 
 
117 
 
 yourself to propose the ^particular, being upon 
 that condition ready to grant you presently any 
 thing you shall reasonably desire, and to ap- 
 prove myself your friend. C. R." 
 
 The summons also which accompanied this 
 letter was to the same effect. But whether the 
 Governor looked upon his Majesty's condition 
 as too forlorn to engage on his side, or acted 
 really out of an hostile principle, I will not de- 
 termine; but the answer he returned to his 
 sovereign lord the King was in the following 
 terms directed : — 
 
 ** To the Commander-in-Chief of the Scottish army, 
 
 " Sir, By your trumpeter I received two pa- 
 pers, the one containing a proposition, the other 
 a direct summons for the rendition of the Town 
 and Castle of Shrewsbury, the custody whereof 
 I have received by authority of Parliament. 
 And if you believe me a gentleman (as you say 
 you do), you may believe I will be faithful to my 
 trust, to the violation whereof neither allure- 
 ments can persuade me, nor threatenings of 
 force, especially when but paper ones, compel 
 me. What principles I am judged to be of, I 
 know not ; but I hope they are such, as shall 
 declare me honest, and no way differing herein 
 
118 
 
 (as I know) from those engaged in the same em- 
 ployment with me, who should they desert the 
 cause they are embarked in, I resolve to be 
 found, as I am, unremoveable ; the faithful ser- 
 vant of the Commonwealth of England, 
 
 Jf .AU " H. MACKW0RTH."i. 
 
 About the same time also his Majesty sent 
 the like summons to Sir Thomas Middleton, 
 Governor of Chirk Castle in Shropshire ; but 
 this gentleman was not altogether so civil as the 
 former ; for, instead of returning any answer at 
 all, he caused the messenger to be seized and 
 sent away prisoner to Wrexham, who was after- 
 ward hanged at Chester for this service. 
 
 It having been resolved upon debate by his 
 Majesty's Council rather to march westward 
 than towards London, his army accordingly en- 
 tered the city of Worcester upon Friday the 
 twenty-second of August, 1651, after one or 
 two repulses by the forces that kept the city ; 
 the inhabitants not only not opposing the Scots' 
 entrance, but helping to beat the English sol- 
 diers out. In his Majesty's march hither he had 
 sent a copy of his declaration (in which he offer- 
 ed pardon to all that would return to their alle- 
 giance) enclosed in a gracious letter to the Lord 
 Mayor and Aldermen of the City of London^ 
 
119 
 
 which by order of the usurping Junto at West- 
 minster was on the twenty-sixth of August pub- 
 licly burned at the Old Exchange by the hang- 
 man. , And a day or two after, at a muster of 
 fourteen thousand men in Moorfields, the in- 
 solent Speaker, Lenthall, repaired thither, and 
 caused a fellow with a link to burn a copy of 
 his Majesty's declaration at the head of every 
 regiment. 
 
 On Saturday the twenty-third of August his 
 Majesty was there proclaimed King of Great 
 Britain, France, and Ireland, by Mr. Thomas 
 Lisens, m^yor, and Mr. James Bridges, sheriff 
 of the city, with the great acclamations and joy 
 of the loyal citizens. And on the same day also 
 his Majesty sent abroad a declaration, given at his 
 City of Worcester, for summoning all the neigh- 
 bouring nobility, gentry, and others, from sixteen 
 years of age to sixty, upon their allegiance, to 
 appear in their persons with horse and arms at 
 Pitchcroft, on Tuesday following, the twenty- 
 sixth of August, where his Majesty would be 
 present. On which accordingly appeared at 
 the said rendezvous these loyal persons follow- 
 ing, Francis Lord Talbot (now Earl of Shrews- 
 bury) with about sixty horse, Mervin Touchet, 
 Esq. Sir John Packington, Sir Walter Blunt, 
 
120 
 
 Sir Ralph Clare, Ralph Sheldon of Beoly, Esq. 
 John Washburn of Witchingford, Esq. with 
 forty horse, Thomas Acton, Esq. Robert Blount 
 of Kentswick, Esq. Robert Wigmore of Lucton, 
 Esq. Thomas Hornyold of Blackmore Park> 
 Esq. with forty horse, Francis Knotsford, Esq. 
 and divers others. 
 
 The works of this City had for the most part 
 been slighted awhile before, and therefore all 
 endeavours were used to fortify it again. About 
 two or three days before the King's arrival at 
 Worcester, the Earl of Derby landed at Wey- 
 water, in Lancashire, with two hutidred and 
 fifty foot and sixty horse from his Isle of Man ; 
 which leaving with the King he returned into 
 that county, and by his interest in it got toge- 
 ther a body of one thousand five hundred men, 
 with which he was hastening to Manchester to 
 join with five hundred more, and would proba- 
 bly have increased his forces in a short time to 
 a greater number. But Colonel Lilburn being 
 ordered to prevent him with three regiments 
 and some horse out of Cheshire, was forced to 
 an engagement by the Earl ; out of a purpose 
 to hinder him from joining with other forces 
 which were sent against him. The contest was 
 sharp and doubtful for an hour, till at length 
 
121 
 
 the EarFs forces were put to flight, and himself 
 being wounded, narrowly escaped to Worcester; 
 several persons of quality were slain of his party, 
 as the Lord Widdrington, Sir Thomas Tilsley, 
 -Colonel Trollop, Colonel Galliard, with some 
 others of good note : among the taken were 
 Major-General Sir William Throckmorton, Sir 
 Timothy Featherstonhaugh, Colonel Matthew 
 Bointon, Major Chester, Colonel Richard Legg, 
 Colonel John Robinson, Colonel Ratclif Ge- 
 rard, . besides other officers (some of which 
 soon after died of their wounds), four hundred 
 private soldiers were taken with all the arms 
 and ammunition, the Earl's George, garter, 
 and three cloaks with stars, and about sixty 
 slain. The Earl of Derby and Colonel Roscar- 
 rock, after this overthrow, which was on the 
 twenty-fifth of August, by the assistance of one 
 Mr. Snead and one Mr. Elliot got to his Ma- 
 jesty at Worcester; where nevertheless his 
 Majesty and the forces with him were resolute 
 against all disasters ; the fortifications were car- 
 ried on with all possible diligence, and the mount 
 at the south east end of the town strongly secured. 
 On the other side the Parliament by their 
 new levies had increased their forces to a pro- 
 digious number, which, as their own writers 
 
122 
 
 record, amounted to above eighty thousand. 
 About three days after the former victory Crom- 
 well marched up before Worcester with seven- 
 teen thousand horse and foot, besides the parties 
 under the LordGrey of Groby , Lambert, and Har- 
 rison, which in all made up above thirty thousand 
 men. The first encounter was at Upton-Bridge, 
 seven miles from Worcester, which the Royalists 
 had broken upon news of their coming, only 
 one plank (either through negligence or trea- 
 chery) was left of it ; over which Lambert passed 
 some redcoats, who perceiving the Scots, took 
 the alarm and fled into a <ihurch. Whereupon 
 Major-General Massey gave a camisado to the 
 church ; but in the mean time Lambert having 
 passed over a supply of horse, fell upon the back 
 of the royalists, and overpowering them put 
 them to a retreat, which was performed by Ma- 
 jor-General Massey with much gallantry, who 
 was in the rear, sometimes marching off and 
 sometimes fighting, till he escaped to Worcester; 
 in which service he received a shot in the arm 
 and his horse was slain under him. 
 
 After this the enemies disposed themselves in 
 the manner they conceived most convenient to 
 strengthen the town. To which purpose Fleet- 
 wood having left a sufficient fprce to secure the 
 
123 
 
 pass at Upton, approached nearer the City, and 
 Cromwell gave orders for two bridges to be 
 made, the one of boats over Severn under Bun- 
 hill, a mile below the City, and the other over 
 Team^, a lesser river that falls into Severn ; and 
 this for the better conjunction of the army. 
 
 On the twenty-ninth of August, Cromwell 
 faced the City with a great body of horse and 
 foot, but drew off again and attempted nothing. 
 
 But on Saturday, August 30, it was resolved 
 by his Majesty at a council of war, to beat up 
 the enemy's quarters that night with one thou- 
 sand five hundred choice horse and foot, com- 
 manded by Major-General Middleton and Sir 
 William Key th, all of them wearing their shirts 
 over their armour for distinction : the result was 
 accordingly put in execution, and might in all 
 probability have proved importantly successful^ 
 had not the design been most traitorously dis- 
 covered to the enemy by one Guyes, a tailor in 
 the City, who was rewarded with a halter for his 
 treachery ; but the Westminster Junto, to shew 
 how affectionately they regarded base and trea- 
 cherous actions, gave Guyes' wife 200/. down 
 and 200/. per annum during her life. This sally 
 was made with much gallantry and resolution ; 
 but the enemy having received intelligence of 
 
124 
 
 the design, were in readiness to receive the 
 Royalists ; and nevertheless were unable to bear 
 the shock, till bringing on successively fresh 
 forces, their number constrained the assailants 
 to retire. In this action Major Knox wait slain, 
 and some few made prisoners, 
 u In this condition was his Majesty at Wor- 
 cester, having about ten thousand Scots and 
 two thousand English with him, and surrounded 
 with a numerous army of three to one in an ill- 
 fortified City: which odds, being considered, 
 I presume no rational man will account it a 
 miracle for the better cause and lesser number 
 to be worsted by the greater. The hearts of the 
 besieged were as couragious as those of their 
 enemies, and no doubt burdened with less guilt. 
 They were also animated by the example of 
 his Majesty's heroical resolution, who deter- 
 mined not to be behind any of his party in dan- 
 ger. And now the fatal day appeared, the third 
 of September, on which the year before the 
 Scots were so considerably overthrown at Dun- 
 bar ; which defeat occasioned the loss of that 
 kingdom. 
 
 In the morning his Majesty held a council of 
 war upon the top of the College-Church steeple, 
 the better to view in what manner the enemy 
 
125 
 
 lay. Trora whence perceiving the enemy's new 
 bridges, and a kind of a skirmish at Powick- 
 Bridge, he forthwith commanded all to their arms, 
 and marched thither himself, where he gave 
 order for the making good of that pass and op- 
 posing' that of the enemy over the Severn. Soon 
 after his return to the City, the enemy assaulted 
 Powick-Bridge furiously, which was valiantly 
 defended by a brigade of horse and foot under 
 Major-General Robert Montgomery and Colonel 
 George Keith, till the former being dangerously 
 wounded and his ammunition spent, was forced 
 to retire disorderly into Worcester, and the lat- 
 ter was taken prisoner by the enemy. 
 
 This place being won, there was no time to 
 deliberate longer. Wherefore it was resolved 
 to engage Cromwell forthwith, who lay at 
 Perry-Wood, within a mile of Worcester. The 
 onset was given with a great deal of fury by the 
 Royalists, insomuch that CromwelFs invincible 
 life-guard was unable to bear the ^hock and com- 
 pelled to give ground in some disorder ; their 
 great guns also were for some time in the power 
 of the Royalists. The rebel commanders had 
 put the new-raised county forces to bear the 
 first brunt of the encounter, of whom the Royal- 
 ists made a horrible slaughter. 
 
126 
 
 \ His Majesty himself led up the Scotch foot 
 in this battle, and that with so much courage 
 and gallantry, that his inveterate enemy Crom- 
 well could not but applaud his valour. The 
 fight continued for the space of three or four 
 hours very sharp and fierce, during which his 
 Majesty had his horse twice shot under him, and 
 rallied the infantry himself; until by the suc- 
 cessive supplies of fresh forces they were in a 
 manner all lost. The rebels had great advantage, 
 not only in being more numerous, but fighting 
 both with horse and foot, against his Majesty's 
 foot only ; for the Scotch horse did not engage 
 at all in this encounter, which some impute to 
 the treachery of David Lesley, who, in the mean 
 time commanded a brave body of horse to stand 
 still, and look on the ruin of their King and fel- 
 low-subjects, threatening the first man that 
 stirred with death. For the truth of which re- 
 lation I dare not undertake ; but it is certain the 
 Scotch horse under Lesley were scarce any 
 more than spectators of the battle ; nor is it in- 
 credible but that treachery might be practised 
 by a Scot, and money employed by Cromwell 
 for conquest as well as force. The remainder of 
 the forlorn royal army being put to flight, were 
 pursued into the town by the victors; his Ma- 
 
127 
 
 jesty was one of the last in the field, and could 
 hardly be persuaded to outlive that day. 
 
 At Sudbury-Gate, through which the routed 
 Royalists fled, an ammunition waggon was over- 
 thrown and lay cross the passage, so that his 
 Majesty was enforced to alight and enter into 
 the City on foot. In the Fryers' street he took 
 a fresh horse, and perceiving many of his foot 
 throw down their arms and decline fighting, he 
 rode up and down among them, sometimes with 
 his hat in his hand, entreating them to stand to 
 their arms, and sell their lives as dear as they 
 could. But seeing his encouragements ineffec- 
 tual, he said, '' I had rather you would shoot 
 me than keep me alive to see the sad conse- 
 quences of this fatal day." Nevertheless, the 
 Earl of Cleveland, Sir James Hamilton, Colonel 
 William Carlis (then Major to the Lord Talbot), 
 and some officers, rallied what force they could 
 (which was unproportionable to that of the as- 
 sailants), and gave a check to the enemy as they 
 were entering in at Sudbury-Grate, and valiantly 
 disputed that street with them : which action 
 was very important to secure his Majesty's 
 flight. In the mean time Fleetwood's men were 
 on the other side of the City masters of St. 
 John's, and having wholly dispersed all opposers, 
 
128 
 
 fell to plunder. As soon as Cromwell had made 
 his way into Sudbury-Street, whilst some of his 
 forces were furiously killing and slaying all that 
 were in the streets, he hastened with some regi- 
 ments to the Fort-Royal, commanded by Co- 
 lonel Drummond, where he found courageous 
 opposition, and lost three hundred Cheshire 
 men ; but at length reducing it with twice the 
 number of the defenders, he put every man of 
 them to the sword, to the number of one thousand 
 five hundred. Then was there seen the saddest 
 spectacle that human imagination is capable to 
 conceive, the streets being all strewed with car- 
 casses and covered with blood, houses broken 
 open and pillaged, and the whole town filled 
 with the noise of the insolent victors and the 
 cries of the poor inhabitants ; till having satiated 
 their cruelties and rapacious desires, or rather 
 tired themselves with barbarous executions and 
 inhumanities, they began to think of securing^ 
 prisoners. The slain were reckoned about foiit 
 thousand, amongst whom was Duke Hamilton, 
 who being taken, died soon after of his wounds, 
 a very noble, courageous, and loyal person, and 
 worthy of immortal fame. The prisoners taken 
 in the battle and in the City were about seven 
 thousand ; in which number were the Earls of 
 
• • " • 
 
 R.Cooper Sc-ulp' 
 
 wiiaEdJiisMim)wisis (S)wmji^MKiLT(S)j^i 
 
 lUbUsJieO'^jCScB^JBcUdwyrL^rewyate. Strer.t> 
 
129 
 
 Carawarth, Rothes, Kelly, the Lord Sinclair, Sir 
 John Packington, Major-General Montgomery, 
 Major-General Pitscotty, Mr. Richard Fanshaw, 
 his Majesty's Secretary, the General of the Ord- 
 nance, the Adjutant-General of the foot, and the 
 Marshal-General ; besides several colonels and 
 other inferior officers, one hundred and fifty* 
 eight colours (which, together with those taken 
 the year before at Dunbar, were hung up in 
 Westminster-Hall), the Kings standard, his col- 
 lar of Ss, coach and horses, with other things of 
 great value. 
 
 How many of the rebels fell in this fight we 
 have no credible relation ; their own pamphlets 
 mention only the loss of Quartermaster- General 
 Mosely, Captain Jones, and about two hundred 
 common soldiers and three hundred wounded, 
 among whom was Charles Howard, afterward 
 captain of CromweU's life-guard, and another 
 captain. 
 
 This is the truest and most impartial account 
 I can meet with of this remarkable overthrow, 
 which was then looked upon as the decision of 
 the cause between king and commonwealth. But 
 it pleased God that in this great loss the Fortune 
 of England was preserved, whose blood was the 
 only thing wanting to cement the foundations of 
 
130 
 
 the new republic. The manner of his Majesty's 
 escape was in a strict sense not miraculous, yet 
 as near a miracle as almost any thing that is 
 barely possible by natural means. Certainly, 
 he that shall deliberately consider the paucity 
 of such of the nobility as escaped the fury of 
 the fight, and diligence of the pursuers (of all 
 the Lords there, only the Duke of Buckingham 
 and the renowned Lord Wilmot getting undis- 
 covered beyond sea), the instruments of his Ma- 
 jesty's preservation, such whom indigence or 
 fear might have induced to prefer reward or 
 security before faithfulness to a prince, who in 
 all human probability was unlikely ever to re- 
 quite them for their dangerous loyalty ; and the 
 places where his Majesty was concealed, in the 
 midst of his enemies, and in such counties as 
 had raised most men against him in this unfor- 
 tunate expedition; he, I say, that shall con- 
 sider na more but this, will no doubt think him- 
 self obliged to adore the Divine Providence, 
 which never owned the royal cause more ap- 
 parently than in this deliverance, and which at 
 the same time fastened the yoke of slavery upon 
 the necks of these nations, and by an extraordi- 
 nary goodness preserved the person from de- 
 struction by whom alone their lost estate was 
 
131 
 
 possible to be restored. Many are the relations 
 of the manner of his Majesty's escape, and at 
 this day almost as various and different in pub- 
 lished histories, as the conjectures and rumours 
 of people were immediately after it. I shall 
 endeavour to offer what the most credible au- 
 thors and reports have delivered concerning this 
 particular, for obtaining the exact knowledge of 
 which I have omitted no industry that might 
 gratify the curiosity which possesses all the 
 world touching so extraordinary a providence. 
 It seems not yet convenient to a noble person 
 instrumental in it to discover all the circum- 
 stances of it, though she is pleased to put us in 
 hopes of obtaining that favour from her after 
 some short time. In the meanwhile, it is de- 
 sired the readers would receive at least with a 
 like candour what we have taken pains to find 
 out for their satisfaction, as the relation of those 
 who make truth the least of their care, and pro- 
 miscuously take up any slight reports upon 
 trust. 
 
 But to return to our purpose. His Majesty 
 having kept the field till all was lost, and being 
 pursued to the town-gates (while the victorious 
 enemies were disputing Sudbury-street in Wor- 
 cester with the Earl of Cleveland, Sir James 
 
 k2 
 
132 
 
 Hamilton, Colonel William Carlis, and some 
 other resolute and courageous Royalists), hej 
 inarched out at St. Martin's-Gate about six 
 o'clock in the evening, with the main body of 
 horse, which had not engaged to any purpose^ 
 but yet were in much confusion. When he was. 
 come to Barbon's-Bridge, about half a mile ou^: 
 of Worcester, he made several stands, and moved 
 the lords and officers with him that they might 
 rally and try the fortune of another fight ; but 
 many of the troopers being observed to throw 
 off their arms and shift for themselves, there 
 was no encouragement to proceed in that course. 
 Whereupon, the chief and only care was to pre- 
 serve his Majesty's person from the hands of 
 those blood-thirsty sectaries, who accounted it 
 the interest of their religion and new state to 
 murder him. To which purpose it was resolved 
 to march for Scotland, and one Walker (for- 
 merly scoutmaster to Colonel Sands) undertook 
 to be the guide ; but being come as far as Kni- 
 ver-Heath, not far from Kidderminster, and day- 
 light being gone, the guide was at a loss which 
 way to go. Upon which his Majesty, making a; 
 stand, and being almost spent with his extraor- 
 dinary action in the field, and the wearisome- 
 ness of his flight, advised with some lords whi^^ 
 
133 
 
 ther he' might march, only to take some few 
 hours rest. The Earl of Derby told his Ma- 
 jesty, that in his flight from Wigan to Worces- 
 ter (after he had been defeated by Lilburn) he 
 had met with a very faithful person and great 
 convenience of concealment at a place called 
 Boscobel House. 
 
 This house is seated in Shropshire, but upon 
 the confines of Staffordshire, and lies between 
 Tong-Castle and Brewood ; it is a very obscure 
 habitation though a fair building, and standing 
 in a very lovely grove, was therefore so called 
 from Bosco bello, which in Italian signifies Fair- 
 wood; it belongs to one Mr. Fitz-Herbert, 
 though himself lived not in it at that time. 
 Thither his Majesty resolved to go, being ac- 
 companied by the Duke of Buckingham, the 
 Earls of Derby and Lauderdale, the Lords Tal- 
 bot and Wilmot, the Colonels Thomas Blague, 
 Edward Roscarrock, and Mr. Marmaduke Dar- 
 cy, Richard Lane, William Armorer (since 
 knighted), Hugh 'May, Peter Street, and Charles 
 Giffard, who undertook to conduct them by the 
 assistance of Francis Yates his servant, and one 
 very expert in the ways of that country. Lieu- 
 tenant-General Lesley with his Scotch horse in 
 
134 
 
 the close of the evening took the direct way 
 northward by Newport. 
 
 His Majesty and his train upon deliberation 
 marched through Sturbridge, a considerable 
 town in Staffordshire ; but the better to prevent 
 discovery order was given for all persons to 
 speak only the French language. Boscobel was 
 the place intended ; but that the company might 
 not know so much, his Majesty was conducted 
 by Mr. Giffard to a house within half a mile of 
 it, called White-Ladies, which name it has re- 
 tained ever since it was a monastery of Cister- 
 tian nuns, who were habited in white. Here 
 they arrived about three o'clock in the morning, 
 having rid twenty-six miles from Worcester ; 
 and being entered into the house, which was 
 kept only by servants, a consultation was held 
 how to escape the fury of the blood-thirsty 
 enemies : the result of which was, that all pos- 
 sible care should be taken for his Majesty's 
 coticealment in that place till he could have a 
 safe opportunity to waft over into France, and 
 that his retinue of loyal lords and gentlemen 
 should shift for themselves some other way. In 
 the mean time the servant that kept Boscobel 
 House, called William Penderel, was sent for. 
 
135 
 
 and a brother of his named Richard Penderel, 
 who lived near at hand at Hobbal Grange. Who 
 being come, and conjured to fidelity, the next 
 course taken was to disguise his Majesty's per- 
 son. This was done by blacking his face and 
 hands, cutting off his hair, and exchanging his 
 buiF coat and gray breeches richly laced for a 
 doe-skin doublet and green breeches of Richard 
 Penderel's. His Majesty, as he undressed him- 
 self, gave a spanner-string, being a gold chain 
 worth 300/. to a servant of his then ready to 
 depart. His clothes were buried under ground 
 for a long time after. 
 
 And now it behoved his loyal followers to for- 
 sake him, which they did with sad hearts, being 
 more sensible of his Majesty's hard fate, than 
 solicitous what destiny attended themselves, 
 only the Lord Wilmot stayed, and was conveyed 
 by John Penderel to Mr. Whitgreave's. Time it 
 was for them to depart, for within half an hour 
 after, some of Colonel Ashenhurst's troop, who 
 quartered at Cotsal, three miles distant, came 
 to the house. But before that, Richard Pen- 
 derel had conducted his Majesty out at a back- 
 door into a wood belonging to Boscobel House, 
 called Spring Coppice, in the borders of which 
 -William, Humphry, and George (three of Rich- 
 
136 
 
 ^rd's brothers), scouted about to bring intelli* 
 gence. ' 
 
 The lords and their company, being about 
 forty horse (of which number his Majesty's pad- 
 nag was one, and ridden by Mr. Lane, one of the 
 bedchamber), took the north road to Newport, 
 in hopes to have overtaken or met General Les- 
 ley, who was gone that way with the main body 
 of Scotch horse. But they had not travelled 
 far before a party of the Parliamentarians, who 
 were in pursuit of the Lord Leviston (captain 
 of his Majesty's life-guard), overtook them. 
 The lords resolutely faced about and stopped 
 their speed, some of the pursuers being slain 
 and the rest put to flight. Nevertheless they 
 had no long contentment in this good success ; 
 for a little beyond Newport, some of Colonel 
 Lilburn's men met them in the front, and an- 
 other party of Parliamentarians from Worcester 
 fell in upon their rear ; so that themselves and 
 horses being extremely tired with the former 
 days' service and the long and hasty march of 
 the night without the least refreshment or suc-^ 
 cour, the noble Earl of Derby, and the Earl of 
 Lauderdale, with Mr. Giffard, their guide, and 
 some others, were taken prisoners. The Earl 
 of Derby was carried to Chester, and there tried 
 
137 
 
 by a Junto of Officers, and sentenced to be be- 
 headed at Bolton in Lancashire. The Earl of 
 Lauderdale was carried to Windsor Castle, and 
 there kept prisoner for many years. Mr. Gif- 
 fard escaped not long after from an inn in Bun- 
 bury, in Cheshire. In this conflict the Duke of 
 Buckingham, with the Lord Leviston, Colonel 
 Blague, Mr. Darcy, and Mr. May, fled into a 
 by-road, and got into Chessardine Woods near 
 Newport : and there the Duke by the assistance 
 of two honest labourers put himself into a dis- 
 guise, and was by one Nathaniel Matthews, a 
 carpenter, conveyed to the house of a loyal gen- 
 tleman, Mr. Hawley, at Bilstrop, in Notting- 
 hamshire, from whence he went to the Lady 
 Villiers's house at Brooksby, in Leicestershire, 
 and at length after various difficulties got secure 
 to London, and passed into France. The Lord 
 Leviston, and the other three gentlemen, having 
 quitted their horses, were concealed in little 
 cottages by some loyal countrymen, till they 
 had means to escape beyond the seas. The Lord 
 Talbot, after the routing of the noble company, 
 hastened towards his father's house at Long- 
 ford near Newport, where he was by Providence 
 preserved in an out-house from being discovered 
 by some of the enemy's forces \yho had pur^u^ed 
 
138 
 
 him thither, and searched the house four days 
 together. These were the several fates of those 
 noble persons that accompanied his Majesty in 
 his flight. Let us now return to the place where 
 we left his sacred person, in the midst of Spring 
 Coppice, near Boscobel House, on Thursday 
 morning, September the 4th, having a wood-bill 
 in his hand, and accompanied only with Richard 
 Penderel, three other ofthe brothers being vigi- 
 lant to descry the approach of passengers. It 
 happened to be a very rainy day, so that the 
 trees afforded not sufficient shelter to keep his 
 Majesty from the inconvenience of the wet, nor 
 was there any thing for him to sit on, till Richard 
 stepped to a neighbour's for a blanket, which 
 served for both uses. He also caused the wife 
 of Francis Yates (above mentioned) to provide 
 something for his Majesty to eat, and bring it 
 into the wood. The fare was such as the time 
 and place afforded : a mess of milk and sugar, 
 some eggs, and a dish of butter. His Majesty 
 being something surprised at the presence of 
 the woman that brought his dinner, said to her, 
 " Good woman, can you be faithful to a dis- 
 tressed Cavalier ?" To which she answered very 
 heartily, — " Yes, Sir, I will rather die than dis- 
 cover you:" which words gave his Majesty 
 
]39 
 
 great satisfaction. When night was come, his 
 Majesty went with these Corydons to Richard's 
 house at Hobbal Grange, where their old mother 
 was overjoyed to see his Majesty in safety, 
 and that her sons had the happiness to be instru- 
 mental to it. Further care was forthwith taken 
 to disguise his Majesty, and he took upon him 
 the name of William Jones, and pretended to be 
 a woodcutter newly come thither to work ; and 
 this, to the end he might be unsuspected by the 
 rest of the family. The good mother prepared 
 his Majesty a cleanly fricassee of bacon and 
 eggs, part of which being eaten by him, and the 
 rest by the rustics, his Majesty set forth with 
 Richard Penderel on foot for Wales, intending 
 to go that night to the house of an honest gen- 
 tleman of Richard's acquaintance, at Madely in 
 Shropshire, five miles from White-Ladies. When 
 they had gone about two miles, an accident be- 
 fel them wherewith they were in some fear. For 
 as they were passing Evelin Mill, the Miller, 
 who had then in his custody some considerable 
 Royalists, hearing some persons pass by, came 
 out and demanded, " Who is there V to which 
 no answer was given, but his Majesty and his 
 conductor immediately left the way and waded 
 through a brook, which somewhat assuaged the 
 
140 
 
 galling of his feet; and so they got free of the 
 Miller, who was on the other side no less fear- 
 ful of them. As they passed through the water 
 his Majesty wa§ in some danger of losing his 
 guide, had he not been directed by the rustling 
 of his calves-skin breeches (as he afterward 
 pleasantly observed), it being an extreme dark 
 night; At midnight they got to Mr. Woolf s 
 house, and were by him heartily entertained. 
 But the frequent passing of the enemy's forces 
 through that town, and consequently the likeli- 
 hood of their coming to quarter at that house, 
 made this gentleman apprehend it unsafe for his 
 Majesty to lodge in it, and therefore he secured 
 him and his servant Richard in a hay-mow. Du- 
 ring their stay Mr. Woolf had intelligence brought 
 him by a trusty servant (sent abroad to that 
 end), that all the bridges over the Severn were 
 kept by guards of the enemy's, and all the pas- 
 sage-boats seized on. Whereupon by his advice, 
 having spent all that day (Friday) in the barn, 
 and being refreshed at evening in the house 
 (where Mrs. Woolf also made him a lotion for 
 his hands with boiled walnut-tree leaves), he 
 departed about eleven o'clock at night for Bos- 
 cobel House, where he arrived about three on 
 Saturday morning. Colonel Carlis (whom we 
 
141 
 
 formerly mentioned with honour for sustaining 
 the brunt of the enemy in Sudbury-street in 
 Worcester till his Majesty got out of the town) 
 was fled into these parts, near which he was 
 bom (namely at Bromhall in Staffordshire, 
 within two miles of Boscobel), and having lain 
 in the wood for some time, ^yas come that morn- 
 ing to the said house to get some relief of his 
 old acquaintance, William Penderel; and by 
 this means his Majesty and the Colonel met to- 
 gether there, where congratulations being passed, 
 they were entertained with rustic fare, as bread, 
 and cheese, and a posset, and care taken for re- 
 freshing his Majesty's feet, which were much, 
 surbated and galled with travel. After which 
 his Majesty and the Colonel, conceiving the 
 house less safe than the wood, accordingly be- 
 took themselves thither, and, by the help of the 
 Corydons, climbed into a large oak, the thick- 
 ness of whose leaves sufficiently concealed them 
 from being discerned by any spectator from be*: 
 low. Upon this oak, being accommodated with 
 two pillows and some mean fare, they continued 
 all the day, his Majesty leaning in the Colonels 
 lap, and taking some slumbering rest, of which 
 he had had little or none the two preceding 
 nights ; and, in the mean time some of the loyal^ 
 
142 
 
 hearted country people hovered near the place, 
 and others went abroad to get intelligence. 
 
 During his Majesty's journey to Mr. Woolfs, 
 at Madely, the Lord Wilmot, understanding his 
 departure from White-Ladies, removed from Mr. 
 Whitgreave's house, at Mosely, to that of Colo- 
 nel John Lane, at Bently, near Walsal, south- 
 east from Mosely about four miles, and intended 
 to make use of an offer made him by Mrs. Jane 
 Lane, the Colonel's sister, to accompany her to 
 Bristol, in order to his escape beyond sea, she 
 having by accident procured a pass from a; Par- 
 liamentarian officer for herself and a man to go 
 thither to see her sister, w^ho was then near her 
 time of lying-in. 
 
 His Majesty and the Colonel descended from 
 the oak at evening, and entered into Boscobel 
 House, where William Penderel shewed his 
 Majesty the secret place in which the Earl of 
 Derby had been concealed after his overthrow 
 at Wigan, which the King liked so well, that he 
 resolved to make his abode in it, till further op- 
 portunity were offered for his escape beyond 
 sea, and not to go more to the Royal Oak, which 
 afforded less convenience. Humphry Penderel, 
 the miller, had been that day at Shefnal, a 
 Town a few miles distant, where he was exa- 
 
Proxn. a. Rare IHut 
 
 R . Cccp er S cxilp 
 
 WHIL3LKA1^ IFnX^ffi)ISIB.S3L 
 
 fhihshj-^ by CSc?/. /ia tdwjn A^e W(f a^e, , 'ffre^ L^' 
 
143 
 
 mined by a Parliamentarian Colonel (who had 
 heard of the King's having been at White- 
 Ladies), and threatened with the penalty of con- 
 cealing his Majesty's person, which was death 
 without mercy, and withal informed that the 
 Junto propounded 1000/. for a reward to any 
 that should discover him. But this true-hearted 
 person was proof against all temptations to dis- 
 loyalty, and related this passage to his Majesty 
 at night : who having been entertained with a 
 dish of chickens, took up his lodging upon a 
 pallet in the secret place. On the Sunday 
 morning, his Majesty being desirous of some 
 mutton for that day's food, and all other ways 
 being dangerous. Colonel Carlis, with the help 
 of William Penderel, borrowed a sheep out of 
 the neighbouring flock, part of which his Majesty 
 and the Colonel together cut into coUops, and 
 cooked it in a frying-pan for their own repast; 
 after which his Majesty spent some part of the 
 day in reading, in a handsome retired arbour in 
 the garden, the loyal brethren in the mean time 
 scouting abroad for intelligence. And whether 
 it were through particular providence, or for that 
 it was known that only some servants kept Bos- 
 cobel House, the same was never searched all 
 the time of his Majesty's abode there, but 
 
144 
 
 White-Ladies, lipon a" credible report his Ma- 
 jesty had been there, often. On the same day 
 his Majesty sent to inform the Lord Wilmot 
 where he was ; who thereupon desired to meet 
 his Majesty that night at a place appointed in a 
 field near Mr. Whitgreave's house at Mosely, 
 which lay in the mid-way, viz. five miles on the 
 one side from Boscobel, and five miles on the 
 other from Colonel Lane's house at Bently. His 
 Majesty being disabled by his former travel on 
 foot, was forced to make use of Humphry Pen- 
 derel's mill-horse (which was suitably accoutred 
 to go thither), leaving behind him the faithful 
 and renowned Colonel Carlis, who heartily 
 prayed for his Majesty's preservation. Upon, 
 thie way his Majesty was attended by the five 
 loyal brothers, William, John, Richard, Hum- 
 phry, and George Penderel, and Francis Yates, 
 each of them being armed with a good bill or 
 pikestaff, and some with pistols, intending to 
 have used the same in case they should have met 
 with a number not too great. Two of them 
 marched before, and one on each side of his 
 Majesty's horse; the other two at a distance 
 behind: and they took all the by-ways they 
 could. His Majesty being arrived at the place . 
 appointed, met one Mr. Huddlestone, an honest: 
 
145 
 
 gentleman, there ready to conduct him into Mr. 
 Whitgreave's house. But before he entered he 
 gave William, Humphry, and George, the ho- 
 nour to kiss his hand ; and thanking them foe 
 their fidelity, with promises to reward it, if it 
 pleased God, he dismissed them with the horse. 
 My Lord Wilmot testified extreme joy at the 
 sight of his Majesty, who also embraced him, 
 and after some refreshment given to his Majesty, 
 and civil expressions which he was pleased to 
 use towards the two loyal gentlemen, Mr. Whit- 
 greave and Mr. Huddlestone, he was conducted 
 to the secret place intended for his lodging, 
 which was more secure than commodious for 
 his rest. Before the Lord Wilmot betook him- 
 self to his repose, he consulted with the two 
 gentlemen concerning the watching of all ave- 
 nues, that timely notice might be given of the 
 approach of any soldiers. '' And if it should so 
 fall out (said he) the rebels have intelligence of 
 your harbouring any of the King's party, and 
 should therefore put you to any torture for con* 
 fession, be sure you discover me first, which 
 may perhaps stop their farther search, and pre- 
 serve the King." Such was the heroic genero- 
 sity of that noble lord, and his superlative affec- 
 tion to his Pritice. 
 
146 
 
 On the afternoon of the next day notice was 
 given to Mr. Whitgreave that some soldiers were 
 in the neighbourhood with intention to appre- 
 ,hend him for having been with his Majesty at 
 Worcester. This was a very surprising alarm. 
 But Mr. Whitgreave forthwith secured his royal 
 guest, who had laid upon Mr. Huddlestone's 
 bed, and the Lord Wilmot in the secret place ; 
 and then setting open all the chamber-doors, 
 went boldly down to the soldiers, convincing 
 them by the testimony of his neighbours, that 
 he had not been from his own house in the last 
 fortnight. Wherewith the soldiers being satis- 
 fied went not up stairs at all ; and so this immi- 
 nent danger was escaped. The same night the 
 Lord Wilmot repaired to Colonel Lane's at 
 Bently, in order to his Majesty's going thither 
 also ; and during his absence his Majesty spent 
 the next day in conversation with Mr. Huddle- 
 stone, in which he intimated to him that his 
 counsels had been by some treacherous instru- 
 ments very often discovered to the rebels be- 
 fore they were put in execution by his loyal 
 subjects. At midnight Colonel Lane came from 
 Bently to attend his Majesty thither; where- 
 upon he took leave of Mrs. Whitgreave, saluting 
 her and giving her thanks for his entertainment: 
 
147 
 
 he expressed himself also with much gratitude 
 to Mr. Whitgreave and Mr. Huddlestone, advi- 
 sing them to be very careful of avoiding the dan- 
 gers which might ensue to them in case they 
 should be discovered to have been instrumental 
 in his concealment, and therefore directed them 
 to a merchant in London, to receive monies for 
 their transportation beyond sea, if they thought 
 fit. And, lastly, he promised them to remember 
 their civilities and fidelity to him, whenever it 
 should please God to restore him to his domi- 
 nions. Such was the goodness of this excellent 
 Prince, and his care for the preservation of his 
 preservers. After this his Majesty gave them 
 his hand to kiss, and they returned him their 
 zealous prayers and wishes for his safety. His 
 Majesty being safely arrived at Bently, staid 
 there but a short time, but took the opportunity 
 of Mrs. Jane Lane's pass, and rode before her to 
 Bristol, in the quality of her servant, the Lord 
 Wilmot riding for the most part at some dis- 
 tance from them. There his Majesty hoped to 
 have gotten convenience of transportation into 
 France ; but his expectations failed him : for 
 no master of a vessel durst undertake to waft 
 over any single person, unless he knew certainly- 
 beforehand what he were : so that it being a 
 
 l2 
 
148 
 
 town of great resort, his Majesty was enforced 
 to depart from it. Whither he went afterward is 
 not hitherto certainly known; nor has it pleased 
 his Majesty or that Lady to discover to any. 
 Several passages are written to have happened, 
 endangering his discovery both at Bristol and 
 elsewhere ; but the relators have not the least 
 ground for any of them, and have rather chosen 
 to gratify vulgar readers with impertinent fic- 
 tions, than to confess their ignorance of that 
 which they did not and cannot yet know. The 
 loyal Lady, in all her journies with his Majesty, 
 comported herself with extraordinary prudence 
 and fidelity, expressing her observance as often 
 as opportunity safely permitted it ; and at other 
 times acting her part in the disguise with much 
 caution and discretion. A farther relation of his 
 Majesty's progress in England, and the manner 
 of his transportation into France, as soon as it 
 comes to our hands from the honourable person 
 who, besides his Majesty, is now alone able to 
 impart it, shall be presented to the world. In 
 the mean time I am glad I can record that he 
 took ship at Brighthelmpston, in Sussex, about 
 the end of October, 1651, and having by the 
 Divine Providence escaped the greatest dangers, 
 imaginable in England, and some too upon the sea. 
 
149 
 
 landed safely at Dieppe, in Normandy, where he^ 
 staid not, but went forthwith to Roan, and from 
 thence dispatched letters to Paris to give no- 
 tice of his arrival ; and in the interim was fur- 
 nished with accommodations befitting his qua- 
 lity by the Duke of Longueville. Intelligence of 
 his safe arrival being brought to Paris, the Duke 
 of Orleans, his Majesty's noble and gienerous 
 uncle, sent his own coach for him, which met 
 him on the way as far as Magny, and coming 
 nearer the city, he was met by a company of no- 
 bles and gentlemen, and conducted to the 
 Louvre. Entertainment was there forthwith 
 provided for him, and the Queen his mother, and 
 the Duke of Orleans, visited him the same night. 
 The next day also the Duke of Orleans, and 
 Madamoiselle his daughter, visited him together 
 with the Dukes of Beaufort and Guise, Marshal 
 Turenne, and other of the great peers and nobles 
 of France, congratulating his happy deliverance ; 
 nor was it long before the King of France, and 
 the Queen Mother did the like, expressing their 
 regret for his- Majesty's disasters, and the great 
 interest they took in his safety. 
 
 Thus I have drawn into as narrow compass 
 as I could the particulars and circumstances of 
 his Majesty's preservation, in each of which is 
 
150 
 
 remarkable his great patience and goodness, 
 and withal his exemplary fortitude in under- 
 going the greatest calamities that could befal a 
 prince on this side death. I have perhaps made 
 too long a story of it for this little volume, but 
 it was for the reader's sake, who I hope will be 
 stirred up by it to praise the King of Kings that 
 delivered his anointed from becoming a prey to 
 those that thirsted after his blood. Certainly 
 not only we, but even the succeeding genera- 
 tions, will have cause to bless the Divine Pro- 
 vidence, for that in the midst of his judgments 
 upon these nations, he was pleased to preserve 
 so precious a mercy for them in store ; to the 
 end that having been sufficiently chastened with 
 the scorpions of bloody and tyrannical govern- 
 ors for their sins against their natural, pious, 
 and gracious sovereign, they might in due time 
 be restored to the blessings which they had 
 forfeited, under the government of his excellent 
 Son and his posterity to the end of the world. 
 
 In the pursuit after this fatal battle were taken, 
 besides the Earls of Derby, Lauderdale, Cleve- 
 land, and his son the Lord Wentworth, the 
 Earl of Kenmore, David Lesley, Lieutenant- 
 General Middleton, Major-General Vandruske, 
 the Lord Spyne, Sir William Fleming, with 
 
151 
 
 many others of quality. Of three thousand 
 horse which fled, one thousand were taken about 
 Beudley in Staffordshire, more in other places, 
 partly by soldiers, and partly by rising parties 
 of country people, who barbarously knocked 
 many stragglers on the head in Yorkshire, Che- 
 shire, Lancashire, Shropshire, and Warwick- 
 shire. Major-General Massey having with many 
 wounds upon him escaped out of the field, and 
 finding himself unable for flight, yielded himself 
 to the civility and mercy of the Countess of 
 Stamford ; to which he was induced upon the 
 account of former friendship, he having been 
 Major-General under the Earl her husband in 
 the wars between his late Majesty and the Par- 
 liament. How far this lady's generosity extend- 
 ed I know not ; but her son the Lord Grey of 
 Groby understanding it, forthwith secured him 
 as a prisoner till his wounds were cured, and 
 then he was sent up to the Parliament, and com- 
 mitted to the Tower, from whence he escaped 
 not long after by an ingenious wile, and went 
 into France to his Majesty. 
 
 The news of this victory caused great rejoicing 
 amongst the pretended Parliament, who now 
 looked upon their new commonwealth as found- 
 ed to eternity. And to tell the world that they 
 
152 
 
 were the favourites of heaven, and that God had 
 owmed their cause, a day of solemn thanksgiving 
 was appointed throughout the whole nation. 
 And, indeed, though there was nothing mira- 
 culous in the victory, the Parliamentarians being 
 six times the number of the Royalists, yet it 
 may be said to have been the work of God, and 
 they the instruments of his wrath upon the 
 people of this land, and the scourges of God, as 
 Attila, that terrible destroyer of Christendom, 
 was once called Flagellum Dei, The only mira- 
 cle was his Majesty's deliverance, in which the 
 King of Kings was pleased to remember mercy 
 in judgment, and give us cause to adore his pro- 
 vidence both in afflicting this nation in this ex- 
 cellent Prince, and suffering wicked tyrants, 
 murderers, and oppressors, to prosper ; in the 
 mean time preserving him in whom our hopes 
 lay from the hands of his blood-thirsty enemies. 
 And as if success attended impious arms, the 
 garrisons of Scotland fell every day into the 
 power of the English. Stirling Castle was de- 
 livered to Colonel Monk, while Cromwell was 
 at Worcester, and in it great store of warlike 
 ammunition, with many of the royal ensigns. 
 Old General Lesley, Earl of Leven, with several 
 other Scotch Lords, intending to have levied a 
 
153 
 
 party of men for his Majesty, and to have raised 
 the siege of that strong and loyal town Dundee, 
 were surprised by a party of English horse; 
 shortly after which the town was taken by 
 storm, and the city of St. Andrews and Aber- 
 deen, with other towns, castles, and forts, sur- 
 rendered upon summons. 
 
 On the twelfth of September Cromwell en- 
 tered triumphantly into London (having sent 
 the poor captive Scots thither before him), and 
 on the sixteenth he went to the Parliament 
 House, and had a congratulatory oration made 
 to him by Lenthall, the Speaker; and was the 
 same day feasted by John Kendrick, Mayor of 
 London : from whence he never after went forth 
 upon any expedition. 
 
 About the latter end of October, the Island of 
 Jersey was reduced by Colonel Hain and Gene- 
 ral Blake from sea, and the Isle of Man was sur- 
 rendered to Colonel Duckenfield upon articles 
 by the Countess of Derby, whose renowned, 
 pious, and valiant Lord, was at Chester ad- 
 judged to death for engaging with the King at 
 Worcester, by a council of war, after qi^arter 
 given, and beheaded at Bolton, in Lancashire, 
 on the fifteenth of October, with the tears and 
 lamentations of most of the spectators. Several 
 
154 
 
 executions were also done upon others by shoot- 
 ing or hanging in divers places for the same 
 cause, as on Sir Timothy Fetherstonehaugh, 
 Captain Benbow, &c. 
 
 They were tried upon the pretended act made 
 after the King's coming into England, viz, Aug. 
 12, 1651, prohibiting correspondence with his 
 Majesty or his party, under the penalty of high- 
 treason. 
 
 His Majesty having upon his arrival at Paris 
 been visited and congratulated by the King, 
 Queen, and Nobles of France, had a princely at- 
 tendance assigned him, and lodgings in the 
 Louvre, where he led a retired life in expecta- 
 tion of some happier opportunity which it might 
 please Providence to present him with for the 
 recovery of his kingdoms, which he had now 
 small hopes to obtain by the assistance of his 
 own subjects in either of them ; England being 
 so strictly overawed by the numerous army kept 
 on foot for that purpose, and Scotland and Ire- 
 land being in a manner wholly subdued by the 
 English armies. Yet in Scotland there were still 
 some small forces up in the north, as the Mar- 
 quess of Huntley, with about one thousand five 
 hundred men, and the Lord Balcarris. The 
 Marquess of Argyle also fortified his houses at 
 
155 
 
 Ander-arran and Lome, and the castles in Arran 
 Island; an 1 was expected to join, with four thou- 
 sand men, with the former. Moreover the clergy 
 were still very high against the English. But 
 it seems the designs of the noblemen were only 
 to make themselves considerable, that they 
 might treat upon better terms ; for shortly after 
 the Marquess of Huntley made his , peace, the 
 Lord Balcarris, and divers other lords, came in 
 to the protection of Lieutenant-General Monk, 
 and Argyle having made an attempt to summon 
 a parliament, and shuffled off and on for some 
 months, at length submitted, and afterward tes- 
 tified under his hand his agreement to the ma- 
 king of Scotland a commonwealth with England, 
 and protested fidelity to it as established with- 
 out King, House of Lords, &c. Upon which 
 terms he was left at liberty with assurance to 
 enjoy his estate. Had these lords been cordial 
 to the royal interest, to which they had so so- 
 lemnly sworn a little while before, they might 
 easily have maintained the Highlands against all 
 opposition, these places being naturally almost 
 inaccessible and invincible. 
 
 Notwithstanding this low posture of his Ma- 
 jesty's affairs, he was treated with much honour 
 by the Princes and nobility in France; andMada- 
 
156 
 
 moiselle de Orleans, daughter to the late Duke of 
 that title, being a very rich Princess, worth sixty- 
 thousand per annum, and Sovereign Dutchess of 
 Montpensier, shewed great inclination towards 
 him in relation to marriage. It is also reported 
 that there was a match designed between, his 
 Majesty's brother, the Duke of York, and a 
 daughter of the Duke of Longueville (a prince 
 descended from the royal house of France), who 
 was by her mother heir to the rich possessions 
 of the Count of Soissons. But the great trou- 
 bles arising about that time between the King and 
 the Princes of the Blood, hindered the success, 
 the Duke of Orleans and his daughter being far 
 engaged with the Prince of Conde against the 
 King of France in a civil war, occasioned by the 
 imperiousness of Cardinal Mazarine, who during 
 the King's minority had, by means of his great 
 favour with the Queen, engrossed the whole go* 
 vemraent of that kingdom in a manner into his 
 own hands, usurped an inordinate power and all 
 the grand offices, and had committed several 
 enormous miscarriages during the Queen Mo^ 
 ther's regency. The Princes of the Blood and 
 the generality of the nation became so incensed 
 against him hereby, that an arrest was passed 
 by the Parliament of Paris for the banishment 
 
157 
 
 of the said Cardinal, who thereupon retired to 
 Cologne, and all his goods were confiscated. But 
 the Queen having a great inclination to bring 
 him back again into France, the Duke of Or- 
 leans and Conde vehemently opposed it; and 
 when no accommodation could be made, the 
 Prince withdrew his forces (which he com- 
 manded for the King's service against the 
 Spaniard) to Stenay, a strong garrison, where 
 making great levies, he got a considerable power 
 into the field. The cities also of Paris and 
 Bourdeaux owned the Prince's cause and quar- 
 rel. Whereupon the King raised a great army, 
 commanded by Marshal Turenne, and Count de 
 Harcourt. Several encounters passed between 
 them, the illustrious Duke of York first serving 
 as a volunteer, and afterward commanding a 
 regiment at the siege of Estampes, where he 
 behaved himself extremely honourable in two 
 conflicts. The Cardinal in the mean time re- 
 turned into France with six thousand men^ 
 and the Princes on the other side invited the 
 Duke of Lorrain to their assistance, who had a 
 mercenaiy army often thousand men in the ser- 
 vice of the King of Spain. 
 
 His Majesty of Great Britain, understanding 
 sufficiently the fatal effects of civil combustions. 
 
153 
 
 partly out of sincere intentions for the good of 
 France, and partly out of the consideration of 
 the advantageousness of its peace to his own 
 affairs, interceded as a mediator between the 
 King and the discontented Princes, and his mo- 
 tion was gratefully accepted of by both parties, 
 and thereupon deputies were sent several times 
 by the Princes to represent their grievances; 
 but the King of France persisted resolute not to 
 part with the Cardinal, though the King of Eng- 
 land urged him as far as possible, to gratify his 
 incensed subjects, if not by dismissing him al- 
 together, yet at least by sending him upon some 
 honourable foreign employment. Of all which 
 generous endeavours this noble, prudent, and 
 Christian Prince, obtained no other fruit but an 
 extreme hatred from Mazarine. 
 
 At the same time his Majesty employed him- 
 self in reconciling the French King and his sub- 
 jects, upon hopes of those endeavours succeed- 
 ing, he thought fit to deal with the Duke of Lor- 
 rain to transport his army into Ireland, where 
 some garrisons still held out. Which affair was 
 so far proceeded in, that articles were drawn 
 up between the Duke of Lorrain and the Lord 
 Taafe on behalf of his Majesty, by which it was 
 agreed, amongst other things, That the Duke 
 
159 
 
 should, at his own charges, land an army of 
 ten thousand men for the reducing of Ireland to 
 his Majesty ; that he should be invested with 
 the title of Protector Royal of Ireland, and have 
 four towns put into his hands for security for his 
 disbursements, with restrictions and cautions. 
 But these articles never came to be signed, partly 
 because the Duke was conscious of his disability 
 to go through with the enterprise and defray the 
 charges of it, and partly because he was at the 
 same time dealt with underhand by the King of 
 France to relinquish the Prince's party, and of- 
 fered by him such terms as they were not able 
 to give him. And as ill fortune would have it, 
 the manner of discovery of their agreement made 
 the King of England be looked upon as the 
 agent and procurer of it. For the French King's 
 array, under Turenne, marching into Brie in 
 view of the Lorrain army, the Duke of Beaufort 
 was extremely desirous to encounter with them. 
 To which purpose he went into the field, where 
 he found King Charles and the Duke of York 
 with the Duke of Lorrain, who, upon the ap- 
 proach of Beaufort, presently withdrew. And 
 then this Duke urging him of Lorrain to fight, 
 found an extreme coldness in him to the busi- 
 ness, and presently after understood his con- 
 
160 
 
 junction with the court-interest. Whereupon 
 the incensed Princes exclaimed againt the per- 
 fidiousness of the Duke of Lorrain, and against 
 the English Princes as the causes of it. Who 
 though they made it sufficiently apparent that 
 their transactions with the Duke of Lorrain were 
 wholly about another affair, yet the indignation 
 of the Princes and people for this collusion so 
 blinded their reasons, that they would not be 
 convinced of the innocency of the King and his 
 brother, but bitterly inveighed against them and 
 the Queen Mother, whom they also were re- 
 solved to believe had been instrumental in the 
 business : so that they were induced to with- 
 draw from the Louvre to St. Germain's, and the 
 Queen to Chaliot. 
 
 Shortly after the victory at Worcester, the 
 pretended Parliament, as I said, executed abun- 
 dance of the royal party ; and such as were suf- 
 fered to live had their estates confiscated, and 
 were kept several years after in prison. Their 
 principal acts passed the remainder of this 
 year were, L An Act for the increase of Shipping 
 and encoiiragement of Navigation^ in which it was 
 enacted, 1. " That no goods or commodities of 
 the growth or manufacture of any places what- 
 soever should be brought hither but only in 
 
IGl 
 
 English ships, and that from the very places of 
 their growth and manufacture only ; also that no 
 fish, or oil made of fish, or whalebone, should be 
 imported, but only such as should be caught in 
 English vessels, nor any salted fish exported in 
 any other save English bottoms,'* &c. This act 
 was apprehended by the Dutch as highly preju- 
 dicial to the trade which they had driven with 
 extreme advantage above us during our intestine 
 wars, and proved a great cause of the war that 
 shortly followed between this state and the 
 United Provinces. II, An Act to determine the 
 Session of this Parliament on Nov. 3, 1654. 
 Their dissolution was a point they did not love 
 to think of; but being urged by the army and 
 several petitions for a new representative, after 
 many debates and delays they resolved to conti- 
 nue their sitting three years longer ; but they 
 reckoned without their host, and received a 
 quietus about a year and a half after from 
 Cromwell. III. An Act of Oblivion ^ which was 
 loaden with many heavy provisoes and excep- 
 tions. IV. An Act for incorporating Scotland into 
 one Commonwealth with England, the government 
 of which they invested in these commissions, 
 Oliver St. John, Sir Henry Vane, Major-General 
 Lambert, Major-General Deane, Colonel Fen- 
 
 M 
 
162 
 
 wick, Alderman Tichburne, Major Salwey, and 
 Lieutenant-General Monk. As for Ireland, the 
 government of it having been wholly referred to 
 Cromwell, he constituted his son-in-law Ireton 
 to command in chief there with the title of Lord- 
 Deputy. 
 
 In December, 1651, arrived at Paris the gen- 
 tlewoman, Mrs. Jane Lane, who had been in- 
 strumental in his Majesty's deliverance after the 
 overthrow at Worcester ; of which, fearing dan- 
 ger by the discovery of some unfaithful con- 
 fidents, she went on foot in disguise to Yar- 
 mouth, and there took ship for France. She 
 was conducted into Paris with great honour, his 
 Majesty himself with the Queen his mother, and 
 the Dukes of York and Gloucester, going out to 
 meet her ; upon the first sight his Majesty took 
 her by the hand and saluted her, with this oblig- 
 ing term. Welcome, my life I The French Court 
 also regarded her with much respect and honour, 
 together with her brother. Colonel Lane, who 
 accompanied her thither. 
 
 About the spring of the year, 1652, broke out 
 a furious war between the English and the 
 Dutch commonwealths, after ambassadors had 
 been sent to no effect from either. The first act 
 of hostility was on the nineteenth of May, 1652. 
 
Trojxi s-Print bjrVancLer^uclit 
 
 R.Cooper Sculp: 
 
 ^A^^m IL^HH 
 
 Mi^ifAed by C g.-B'.BaZ^xv/n. J/'e^^'^a.^t^ Stff-e-t , 
 
c • c 
 
 c c 
 
 • • • 
 
1G3 
 
 After which many bloody sea-fights passed be- 
 tween them, both in the British sea and the 
 Straits, with great loss of ships and men on 
 both sides ; but the Dutch were most commonly 
 worsted. During this sharp war his Majesty 
 was as mindful of his interests, tlsing all end^Eli* 
 vours for an accommodation between the Kiftg 
 of France and the Princes, as also between the 
 Kings of France and Spain ; in the mean time 
 also sending ambassadors to several potentates 
 to desire assistafiee, as the Lord Wilmot (w\i(nti 
 he had created Earl of Rochester) to the Impe- 
 rial Diet at Ratisbon, the Lord Culpepper to th6 
 Hague, and the Lord Wentworth to the King of 
 Denmark. But the Catholic Princes were the' 
 colder in gratifying his Majesty, for that he 
 shewed no proneness to embrace their religion, 
 as the Emperor once expressly signified to him. 
 And, indeed, such was his Majesty's constancy, 
 that no temptations of worldly advantages, no 
 resentment of adversity, nor the solicitations 
 and arguments of several grand Catholics, who 
 endeavoured to pervert him (as Mr. Montagu, 
 Militiere, and Salmonet), could prevail any things 
 upon him. He propounded to the Dutch, that 
 if they would furnish him with a squadron of 
 ships, he would set tip his own flags and com- 
 
 M 2 
 
164 
 
 mand them in person. Some of the Provinces 
 were very inclinable to the motion, but that of 
 Holland, which stood out against the admitting 
 of the young Prince of Orange for Captain-Gen- 
 eral, w^as also backward to comply with his 
 Majesty's desires, or undertake his interest; 
 than which act nothing could have been more 
 honourable to them, nor perhaps more beneficial. 
 All that he could bring them to was, that they 
 granted liberty for his ships to ride in their 
 ports with their flags up, as King of Great Bri- 
 tain, &c. The King of Denmark professed wil- 
 lingness enough to gratify his Majesty ; but his 
 affairs were then in a doubtful state, and de- 
 pended much upon the success of the Dutch, 
 with whom he had partly engaged. 
 
 In December, 1652, the English Junto re- 
 solved to be rid of his Majesty's younger brother 
 the Duke of Gloucester, and referred it to the 
 Council of State to consider with what accom- 
 modation and to what place to send him. The 
 Council, that they might seem to do something 
 handsomely, ordered him to go into Holland, and 
 gave him a bill for 1000/. to be paid to him upon 
 his arrival ; but such was their honesty, that 
 they took care that he should never receive one 
 penny of it. However, he was extremely re- 
 
165 
 
 spected at all the places he came to in the Low 
 Countries, as at Dunkirk, Antwerp, the Hague^ 
 Leyden, &c. And having been for some time 
 entertained by his Royal Sister, where he had the 
 honour of the Garter sent him from the King, he 
 departed to the Court of France, being attended 
 by Sir Marmaduke Langdale and Sir Richard 
 Greenvile ; his Majesty himself, the Duke of 
 York, Prince Rupert, and others, going two 
 leagues out of Paris to meet him. 
 
 Towards the latter end of the year 1652, hi^ 
 Majesty's hopes began to be something despe- 
 rate, concerning any considerable succour from 
 France ; for that King, instead of uniting with 
 the Princes, his subjects, sent an ambassador, M. 
 de Bordeaux NeufviUe, to treat a peace with 
 England, to which he was the rather induced, 
 for that Admiral Blake had not long before 
 beaten and destroyed the French ships under 
 the Duke of Vendosme that were going to the 
 relief of Dunkirk ; which defeat occasioned the 
 loss of that town to the Spaniard. Nor were his 
 hopes likely to prove more successful in the 
 United Provinces, for they were so weary of the 
 war, that they sent a letter to England to cast 
 about for an accommodation. But before they 
 effected any thing, Cromwell, finding his ambi- 
 
166 
 
 tious projects ripe, being emboldened with 
 former i^uccesses, and backed with a strong 
 army, on the twentieth of April, 1653, entered 
 the Parliament House, attended with some offi- 
 cers, where he represented to them that their 
 dissolution was important to the public good and 
 welfare of the nation, with many reasons for it ; 
 which none daring to oppose, the Members de- 
 parted the House. To justify which action, he 
 and his council of officers put forth a declaration, 
 wherein it was pretended, *' The Parliament 
 was overruled by a corrupt party, who intended 
 to perpetuate themselves, deluding the nation 
 from time to time with hopes of a new represen- 
 tative, notwithstanding the petitions of the army 
 and several counties ; that the cause which God 
 had so greatly blessed languished in their hands, 
 and was in danger to be lost by their negligence 
 of the public and self-seeking, with many more 
 like crimes." And thus fell this great Idol of the 
 nation, this Parliamentum Infame, which in a 
 dozen years' time had wrought more mischief to 
 these kingdoms, than all the preceding Parlia- 
 ments had ever done good. After this Cromwell 
 with his officers took the administration of af-^ 
 fairs into their own hands, the armies in Scot- 
 land and Ireland, and the fleet, assenting to their 
 
167 
 
 proceedings. But to gull the people a little 
 longer, and render Parliaments more contempti- 
 ble to them, Cromwell, upon the eighth of June 
 following, sent out a summons in his own name 
 to such persons as he pleased to meet at West- 
 minster on the fourth of July. Who accord- 
 ingly appearing to the number of sixscore,* he 
 empowered them by a writing under his hand 
 and seal to be the supreme authority and go- 
 vernors of the three nations, and that forty of 
 them should be a quorum to dispatch business. 
 This Junto of sectaries and officers of the army 
 going into the Parliament House, in three days' 
 time gravely resolved, that they would be called 
 The Parliament of the Commonwealth of England, 
 and that their chairman, Mr. Rous, should be 
 called Speaker, and that they would have a ser- 
 geant at arms and a mace. Thus they began 
 ridiculously, and continued in all their actions 
 for four months, in which they voted down the 
 High Court of Chancery, made a silly act for 
 marriages, births, and burials, confirmed the un- 
 just bill for sale of the estate of Sir John Stowell, 
 Knight of the Bath, ordered sale of the remainder 
 of the royal revenue, made a tax for six months 
 at 120,000/. per mensem, struck fiercely at tythes 
 and un i ver si ties ; and then being partly weary, and 
 
168 
 
 piartly ashamed of themselves, some of Oliver's 
 faction, by underhand appointment, repaired to 
 Cromwell, and resigned their power into his 
 hands, who at first seeming unwilling and excu- 
 sing his inability, was prevailed with by impor- 
 tunity to accept it, which he did, with the title 
 of Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of Eng- 
 land, Scotland, and Ireland. The rest of the 
 sectarian convention, who refused to break up 
 the Parliament, and do as their fellows had 
 done, Cromwell sent soldiers to turn them out 
 of the House ; which was accordingly done, and 
 the doors locked against them, December 2, 
 1653. And upon the sixteenth of the same 
 month, having by the advice of his officers 
 framed and published an instrument of govern- 
 ment, consisting of forty-two articles, he sent 
 for the Commissioners of the Great Seal, the 
 Mayor and Aldermen of London, with the Judges 
 and Officers of the Army, and was by them so- 
 lemnly installed in Westminster-Hall, taking an 
 oath to rule according to his instrument and the 
 laws of the land, though nothing could be more 
 repugnant to the laws than that instrument. 
 
 In this last year, notwithstanding the former 
 offer of accommodation, several encounters had 
 been between the ships of this nation and those 
 
169 
 
 of the United Provinces ; in which the Dutch 
 suffered much, so that the common people there 
 were in great consternation. Two of the prin- 
 cipal battles were on the third of June and the 
 twenty-ninth of July. In the former, the Eng- 
 lish got a remarkable victory, though with the 
 loss of one of their generals, Dean, by a great 
 shot, taking above one thousand three hundred 
 prisoners and eleven ships of war, besides six 
 sunk. In the latter, being the greatest blow the 
 Dutch ever received from us, their admiral, 
 Martin Harper Van Trump, one of the most ex- 
 pert and renowned seamen in the world, was 
 slain with a musket-shot, and two thousand men 
 more ; one thousand prisoners taken, and twen- 
 ty-seven ships of war sunk and fired : which ♦ 
 losses quite broke the spirits of the Dutch, who 
 thereupon began seriously to think of peace. 
 
 This summer also it pleased God to visit his 
 Majesty with a fever, which held him some time 
 with violence; so that the London pamphlets 
 published it to be mortal. But the Divine Pro- 
 vidence intended better things to this nation, 
 and about the latter end of August recovered 
 him to perfect health. After which he departed 
 from the Court for some time to Chantilly, not 
 far distant from Paris, for better air, being ac- 
 
170 
 
 companied with Prince Rupert, who after vari- 
 ous fortunes at sea and separation from his 
 brother, Prince Maurice, by a hurricane (who 
 was never after heard of), put in with his ships 
 at Nantes in Britanny, and resided with his Ma- 
 jesty for a long time at Paris in the Palace Royal. 
 
 This year the Lord Hopton, who had com- 
 manded an army for his late Majesty in the re- 
 bellion of England, died of a fever, after five 
 days' sickness, at Bruges in Flanders ; a person 
 of great learning, piety, temperance, and valour. 
 
 In the beginning of the next year his Ma- 
 jesty's hopes of doing any good upon the United 
 States were absolutely extinguished. He had 
 used all possible means by the intercessions of 
 his friends to avert them from reconcilement 
 with England, and to that purpose was very 
 active, upon the arrival of Monsieur Boreel, their 
 ambassador, to negotiate a league with France 
 to promote the conclusion of it ; but they had 
 so deeply tasted of the English valour in the sea 
 war, and were so impatiently desirous of peace 
 and trade, that all he could gain of them in the 
 end was a letter of complimental civility. And 
 accordingly, applications being made to the new 
 pretended Protector by two Dutch ambassa- 
 dors, the Lords Newport and Youngs tall, a peace 
 
171 
 
 was concluded between the two States, the arti-r 
 cles of which were proclaimed in London, April 
 26, 1654. Nor were his Majesty's solicitations 
 for a peace between France and Spain more 
 successful, though he prosecuted it with his ut- 
 most ardour, as judging it the most important 
 expedient, whereby he might obtain assistance 
 from these two potent monarchs; and other 
 Princes also, together with the Pope himself, in- 
 terposed for a reconciliation. For the politic 
 reasons of Cardinal Mazarine, who knew the 
 peace of the kingdom of France depended on his 
 removal out of it, induced him to venture the 
 fortune of war, rather than be sacrificed (though 
 deservedly) to the tranquillity of that kingdom. 
 And having taken this resolution, he judged it 
 also his interest, in the next place, to make a 
 sure friend of the new Protector of England, who, 
 being an usurper too, he conceived would be 
 more willing to join interests. To which pur- 
 pose, all considerations of honour, generosity 
 (yea, of affinity and charity), set aside, by the 
 Cardinal's means, instructions were sent over to 
 Monsieur de Bordeaux Neufville (who had lain 
 here a long time before, but had done little by 
 reason of the unsettledness of the government), 
 to treat a league and confederacy with the pre- 
 
172 
 
 tended Protector. Whether the Cardinal had 
 any particular malice towards the King of Eng- 
 land (as some affirm) I cannot determine ; but 
 this has been apparent in all his actions, that he 
 will not stick to promote his own ambitious in- 
 terest by the ruin of that or any other whatso- 
 ever, being a greater politician than to stickle at 
 such rules as the sense of honour, goodness, or 
 justice itself, may lay in the way of his proceed- 
 ings. This his Majesty sufficiently understood, 
 and foresaw that by natural consequence the 
 union of the English Mahomet and this ecclesi- 
 astical politician would produce his exclusion 
 out of France. Wherefore, he thought it more 
 honourable to depart that kingdom voluntarily, 
 than to stay till he were dismissed by articles ; 
 and accordingly, on the first of July, 1654, took 
 leave of the King and Queen of France, and of 
 his Royal Mother, with the French grandees, 
 from whom he received such dissembling lan- 
 guage, as that ceremonious nation uses on all 
 occasions. He went first to Chatillon, a house 
 belonging to the Prince of Conde, being accom- 
 panied with his illustrious Brother the Duke of 
 York, and his Cousins the Princes Palatine, 
 Rupert, and Edward ; having made some stay 
 here, his Royal Brother returned to Paris, and 
 
173 
 
 from thence to the army, with the title of Lieu te-' 
 nant- General, under Marshal de Turenne, who 
 then lay with his forces besieging the Archduke 
 and the Prince of Conde, with a numerous 
 Spanish army in their trenches before Arras. 
 Prince Rupert also here kissed his Majesty's 
 hand and departed to Heydelberg to his Bro- 
 ther's Court, and from thence to that of the Em- 
 peror, and Prince Edward went to Bourbon. 
 From Chatillon, about the latter end of the same 
 month, his Majesty went to Cambray, and from 
 thence, passing through Liege, to the Spaw. 
 
 In the mean time, Cromwell plays the tyrant 
 in England at a high rate, and on February 18, 
 he sent eleven persons of quality to the I'ower, 
 for a conspiracy against his Highness's person ; 
 but having no evidence against them, besides 
 his own guilty fears (which suggested to him 
 that most men wanted the power rather than the 
 will to dispatch him out of his usurped dignity), 
 they were soon after set at liberty. The first 
 act of himself and council was to repeal the en- 
 gagement made by the infamous Parliament * 
 against a single person ; which was done by an 
 ordinance, January 19 ; next the style of public 
 -writings was altered from The Keepers, &c. to OH- 
 wer, Lord Protector, &c. Then an ordinance was 
 
174 
 
 passed by his Highness and Council, declaring 
 oiFences of treason, which were made of three 
 sorts :— 1. Attempting any thing against Crom- 
 well and his government. 2. Corresponding 
 with, or promoting the right of his Majesty. 3. 
 Declaring that any Parliament was at present in 
 being or had any continuance, &c. So we see 
 it came about that owning of the commonwealth 
 interest, as they called it, was now a& great an 
 offence as malignancy. Moreover, to gratify 
 sectaries, he made an ordinance to eject scanda- 
 lous ministers, by which many worthy ministers 
 were deprived of their livings in several coun- 
 ties; and to shew the more exquisite malice, 
 such ejected were not to be admitted ever after 
 to any ecclesiastical preferment, nor to teach 
 school, or officiate as chaplains in the houses of 
 persons of quality. He also set up an inquisi- 
 tion for approbation of ministers, by whom ig- 
 norant fanatics were preferred before grave and 
 learned divines, the commission running in terms 
 that they should have especial regard to such 
 as were endowed with gifts and graces, though 
 they wanted human learning. Of these inqui- 
 sitors, were Robert Tichburne, Hugh Peters, 
 Philip Nye, Thomas Goodwin, Stephen Mar- 
 shal, Peter Sterry, Sydney Simpson, and others 
 
175 
 
 of the like stamp. And that he might, accord- 
 ing to the course of tyrants, establish his power 
 in blood, by deterring all that loved their coun- 
 try from attempting its deliverance^ and remov- 
 ing some of those he judged loyal and valiant 
 enough to do it, upon the twentieth of May a 
 plot was discovered, for which several persons 
 of quality were apprehended, as Sir Gilbert 
 Gierrard, and Colonel John Gerrard, Humphry 
 Bagaley (Secretary to the late Earl of Derby), 
 Sidney Fotherby, and Somerset Fox, Esqrs. 
 Mr. Tudor, an apothecary, and Mr. Vowel, a 
 schoolmaster ; there were also committed to the 
 Tower, the Earl of Oxford, Major Bailey, Colonel 
 Ashburnham, and amongst others. Sir Richard 
 WiUis. For the trial of these conspirators a 
 High Court of Justice was erected by an ordi- 
 nance of Cromwell's, on the thirteenth of June, 
 of which John Lisle was president, and Steel, 
 Tichbume, Sir William Roberts, and some 
 twenty more (right qualified for any murder it 
 pleased the Protector to put them upon), com- 
 missioners. Of the gentlemen committed only 
 three were tried (the thirtieth of June), Mr. Ger- 
 rard, Mr. Vowel, and Mr. Fox, who were adjudg- 
 ed within the new-made ordinance, and guilty of 
 treason, though by no law of the land ; Gljn, 
 
176 
 
 Prideaux, and Ellis, like good instruments of a 
 tyrant, urging the Protector's will for law. Yet 
 the latter of them was reprieved, and the two 
 former suffered death with much resolution and 
 courage, Mr. Gerrard being beheaded on Tower- 
 Hill, and Mr. Vowel hanged at Charing-Cross, 
 the tenth of July. 
 
 Scotland was not yet so absolutely subdued, 
 but that there appeared some still in arms for 
 his Majesty in the Highlands ; the Earls of Sea- 
 forth, Athol, Glencairn, Kinnard, the young 
 Marquess of Montrose, the Lord Lome, Sir 
 Arthur Forbes, and Sir Mungo Murrey, having 
 gathered together several parties of horse and 
 foot, and making several irruptions upon the 
 English in the Lowlands ; whereby they much 
 molested them in their new possessions, some- 
 times taking considerable booty, and sometimes 
 being worsted and flying into the mountains, 
 where the pursuers could not follow them. And 
 thus they continued in expectation of greater 
 levies, and the arrival of. Lieu tenant-General 
 Middleton with supplies, out of the Low Coun- 
 tries. But in the mean time the English met 
 with the most considerable party under the 
 Earl of Glencairn, and defe^-ted them, the Earl 
 Jiimself hardly escaping ; the like success also 
 
177 
 
 befel several other parties ; so that they could not 
 unite into one body as they intended. At length 
 Lieutenant- General Middleton arrived out of 
 Holland, with the expected provisions of war, 
 and a commission to be General, and Monroe 
 to be his Lieutenant-General. This disposing 
 of commands so incensed Glencairn, who had 
 been employing his utmost interest in levying 
 forces, which he now saw must be commanded 
 by others ; that instead of conspiring together 
 against the common enemy, these great officers 
 quarrelled among themselves; Glencairn was 
 contented to be Lieutenant-General, but Mon- 
 roe would not agree to it ; whereupon a single 
 combat ensued between them, in which the Earl 
 having wounded and disarmed his adversary, 
 deserted the service with about five hundred 
 gentlemen, and made composition with the Go- 
 vernor of Dunbarton to live peaceably at home. 
 The same course was also taken by others by 
 degrees. However, Middleton stood out still 
 with much resolution, till at length being set 
 upon a great disadvantage by General Monk 
 and Colonel Morgan, first in Argyle, and then 
 at Loughary, about the middle of July, he was 
 wholly overthrown. Nevertheless he continued 
 in the Highlands with some foot for some time 
 
 N 
 
i78 
 
 after, till he saw most of the nobility were either 
 taken or made their submissions, and then he 
 retired back into Holland. The Kirk of Scotland 
 was likewise concerned in the public desola- 
 tion, being broken up by Colonel Morgan, and 
 the petulant ministry reduced to subjection. 
 
 As for Ireland, it was by the English arms 
 brought to such a condition, as there was no fear 
 of disturbance for the future; only some few 
 Tories, that kept themselves in inaccessible 
 places, sometimes made irruptions to steal and 
 plunder. The Parliament also erected a High 
 Court of Justice there, of which Cook (so infa- 
 mous for being an instrument in the murder of 
 his late Majesty) was president. By whose 
 sentence a great number of the natives (and 
 amongst them many of the ancient Irish nobility) 
 were sentenced and executed for being found 
 guilty of the bloody massacre committed upon 
 the Protestants in the beginning of the rebellion, 
 and about fourteen thousand were sold to the 
 King of Spain, and many transported into other 
 foreign parts, who had rendered themselves 
 upon proclamation : the rest were all driven into 
 the province of Connaught, and there circum- 
 scribed to inhabit. The other three provinces, 
 Ulster, Munster, and Leinster, were allotted tg 
 
179 
 
 the English, and all forfeited lands divided 
 among such adventurers as had advanced money 
 towards the management of the Irish affairs, 
 and the soldiers for satisfaction of their arrears. 
 In the room of Deputy Ireton, who had suc- 
 ceeded Cromwell in the chief command of that 
 nation, and died of the pestilence at Limerick ; 
 Cromwell constituted Lieutenant-General Fleet- 
 wood, who was become his son-in-law by the 
 marriage of his eldest daughter, Bridget, Ire- 
 ton s widow. 
 
 His Majesty having for some months resided 
 at the Spaw, where he enjoyed the company of 
 his Royal Sister the Princess of Orange, and hav- 
 ing received two hundred thousand rix dollars 
 from the Emperor and the Imperial College 
 (who also enacted that no scandalous book pub- 
 lished against him should be bought or sold iii 
 Germany under pain of death), departed from 
 thence to Cologne, where he arrived with hiis 
 Royal Sister on the sixth of October, the great 
 guns being discharged at their entrance, and the 
 deputies of the city going forth to meet them in 
 solemn manner, and conducting them to the pa- 
 lace provided for them by the chief magistrates. 
 On the twenty-eighth of the same month the 
 said magistrates expressed their affections to his 
 
 N 2 
 
180 
 
 Majesty by entertaining him and the Princess^ 
 with a sumptuous collation ; who also the next 
 day upon invitation went to Dusseldorp, where 
 the Duke of Newburgh treated them with all 
 possible magnificence for some days. After 
 which the Princess Royal took her journey to- 
 wards Holland, and his Majesty having accom- 
 panied her on the way as far as Bedinguen 
 returned to Cologne. ' 
 
 At his Majesty's departure out of France, he 
 was over-entreated by the Queen, his mother, 
 to permit the Duke of Gloucester to stay with 
 her at the Palace Royal, but with condition that 
 no attempt should be made upon him to pervert 
 him from his religion. But shortly after (by the 
 instigation of the French Court and some Eng- 
 lish Catholics about her) the Queen was willing 
 he should be solicited to turn Catholic, and for 
 that purpose permitted him to be carried to 
 Pontoise, where some bad instruments, taking 
 advantage of Mr. Lovell, his tutor's, absence at 
 Paris, set upon him with all motives they could 
 invent, both spiritual and temporal, to incline 
 him to the Popish religion ; but the former kind 
 of arguments were repelled by his Highness 
 with greater reason and resolution than could 
 probably have been expected from a person of 
 
181 
 
 his years ; and for the temptations of worldly 
 advancement, he rejected them with contempt, 
 and the danger of his Majesty's displeasure; 
 urging withal the Queen's promise to the King 
 before his departure in this very particular, and 
 complaining of this .unworthy advantage taken 
 against him in the absence of his tutor, who was 
 fittest to judge of their proposals. Wherefore 
 he was removed to Paris, to the house of Mr. 
 Crofts, from thence to Pontoise again, under the 
 instruction of Mr. Walter Montagu, Abbot of 
 Nanteul, and his former tutor dismissed. Of 
 these attempts some cordial Protestants certified 
 his Majesty at Cologne with all possible speed, 
 who resented them so highly, that being ready 
 to go to dinner when the intelligence was 
 brought him, he would not think of eating till 
 he had dispatched letters away to Paris. In 
 the mean time his Highness was restlessly im- 
 portuned with persuasions to return to the true 
 ancient apostolical Roman Church, to embrace 
 the religion wherein most of his ancestors lived 
 and died, and most of the Christian world, to- 
 gether with the King of France, his Royal Mo- 
 ther and her alliance, professed ; which were 
 also backed with the allurements of the greatest 
 church-dignities and revenues, and the honours 
 
182 ^ 
 
 which that whole nation would be ready to pay 
 his Highness, &c. All which he declined with 
 very ingenious answers; and shortly after a 
 gentleman went to his Highness with a letter 
 from his Majesty, and was admitted to his pre- 
 sence ; but not being able to deliver the same 
 privately, he caused it to be delivered by another 
 hand. In that letter his Majesty minded him of 
 the strict command he had laid upon him at his 
 departure out of France, of the horrid injury 
 offered to his conscience, honour, and family, of 
 the vanity of his persuaders' motives, and the 
 falseness and emptiness of their promises ; he 
 also declared to him the more eligibleness of 
 any degree of suffering, and urged to him the 
 fidelity of God's promises, whose love he must 
 expect to lose, together with that of himself, a 
 most affectionate brother, in case he yielded to 
 the inveiglements of his tempters. Moreover, 
 he desired him to reflect on their dead Father's 
 last charge, solemnly given him the day before 
 his glorification, with the entail of his blessing 
 annexed. And in conclusion, added, that if he 
 either changed his religion, or put himself into 
 the Jesuits' College, he had the last letter from 
 him, and must never look to see England or his 
 face again : and that if (which God forbid) their 
 
183 
 
 business miscarried for ever, the whole ruining 
 of their family, and all the nation's too, must be 
 laid with all the consequent mischiefs at his 
 door, as the chief cause of it. As soon as his 
 Highness had read this admonitory letter, he 
 transcribed a copy of it, and sent it to the Queen, 
 desiring her permission to come to Paris, both 
 in regard of these commands of the King, and of 
 his brother the Duke of York's approaching re- 
 turn from the army. To which her Majesty 
 answered, that she should not cease wishing his 
 eternal good by his conversion, to which never- 
 theless she would not force him, but wished 
 him to hearken to what Mr. Montagu should 
 further deliver to him, which was, that he would 
 be willing to go to the Jesuits' College, where 
 he should have extreme freedom in every thing. 
 But all would not prevail upon his resolution ; 
 however, he returned to Paris, where, about the 
 eighteenth of November, the Marquess of Or- 
 mond arrived from Germany with letters and 
 new instructions, having taken a long and dan- 
 gerous voyage by reason the lately dissolved 
 French army had betaken themselves to the 
 robbing of all passengers. Before the intent of 
 his journey was known, the Queen of France 
 and the Cardinal very closely pressed him, and 
 
184 
 
 so did her Majesty of England, both herself 
 apart, and by Mr. Montagu. ^V^lich impor- 
 tunities proving fruitless, some severities w^ere 
 proceeded to, which occasioned his Highness tb 
 leave the Palace Royal and go to the house of 
 the Lord Hatton in the Fauxbourgs, \yhere the 
 former solicitations were renewed, but with as 
 little success. After which the Duke desired 
 the favour to see the Queen his mother before 
 his departure, but was refused; which denial 
 having received with much grief, he went away 
 with my Lord of Ormond to Cologne, where his 
 Majesty resided. 
 
 But let us look back a little upon the actions 
 of the usurper of his Majesty's dominions. 
 Cromwell's new instrument enjoined the sum- 
 moning of Parliament every three years : and 
 accordingly he sent out his new fashioned writs 
 and new contrived indentures for the returning 
 of Members, and that after a new way, ten or a 
 dozen for most counties, one or two for cities 
 and boroughs, and many of these left wholly 
 out. The reason of which was, because it was 
 easier to pack elections in counties by the in^ 
 terest of army officers and other creatures, than 
 in boroughs. They assembled at Westminster 
 on the third of September, 1654. Cromwell 
 
185 
 
 meeting them in the Painted Chamber, made a 
 speech, in which he endeavoured to shew the 
 necessity of his taking the government upon 
 him, and recounted the excellences of it, telling 
 them also ** that he did not design to be a lord 
 over them, but their fellow-servant to the pub- 
 lic." After which they chose Lenthall for their 
 Speaker, and betook themselves to their busi- 
 ness. The first debate was, " Whether the Le- 
 gislative Power should be in a single person and 
 a Parliament." It was bandied with some heat, 
 till Cromwell, thinking them too busy in making 
 a question of that which he would have believed 
 sufficiently determined by his instrument, re- 
 solved to make them sensible of it ; wherefore 
 sending for them into the Painted Chamber 
 about three days after their first assembling, he 
 checked them severely, telling them, 1. *' That 
 the fundamentals in the government {viz. such 
 as were constituted by the instrument) could 
 not be altered ; whereof that which they debated 
 was one ; and, 2. That the militia was not to be 
 trusted in any one hand or power, but so, that 
 the Parliament ought to have a check upon the 
 Protector, and he upon them. 3. That Parlia- 
 ments should not be perpetual nor always sit-r 
 ting. 4. That there ought to be liberty of con- 
 
186 
 
 science in religion. Other things in the govern- 
 ment were examinable and alterable according 
 to the state of affairs. For his own part his 
 heart was even overwhelmed with grief to see 
 any of them should go about to overthrow what 
 was settled (viz, by his instrument), contrary to 
 their trust received from the people." After 
 this preface he delivered them a paper (called a 
 Recognition) to be subscribed by such as in* 
 tended to sit; in which they were to engage 
 *' to be faithful to the Lord Protector and the 
 Commonwealth, and not to propose or give con- 
 sent to alter the government, as it was settled 
 in one person and a Parliament." Such as re- 
 fused to subscribe were excluded from sitting, 
 the rest repaired again to the house, where they 
 took the instrument in hand again, and pre- 
 pared a bill for the settling of the government, 
 and some others which they intended to present 
 to the Protector to be signed together. But he 
 having information given him all the way of their 
 proceedings by some false Members, suffered 
 them to spend five months allotted them by the 
 instrument to sit without interruption, and the 
 very next day after went to the Painted Cham- 
 ber ; where upbraiding them with " parricide in 
 not owning the authorities that called them thi- 
 
187 
 
 ther, and endeavouring to subvert the govern- 
 ment owned by God, as being the dispensation 
 of his Providence after twelve years war," he 
 dissolved this Parliament (as he had done two 
 before) January 22, 1654. Within two days 
 after their dissolution a plot was discovered, 
 which Cromwell said was occasioned, if not 
 hatched, by the Parliament itself. Sir Henry 
 Littleton, High Sheriff of Worcestershire, and 
 Sir John Packington of the same county, were 
 committed to the Tower thereupon ; and several 
 persons more in the north and north-west coun- 
 ties of England, where the design was laid for 
 an insurrection. Shrewsbury and Chirk Castle 
 were to have been surprised, but it was pre- 
 vented ; the discovery of the whole conspiracy 
 having been made to Cromwell by some secret 
 insinuating agents of his from the first birth of 
 it till it was mature to break out. At Shews- 
 bury the Lord Newport and Sir Thomas Harris; 
 who were the chief there, were taken prisoners 
 and sent up to London. Nevertheless others 
 were not deterred from attempting something 
 for the deliverance of their native country from 
 bondage ; for upon the eleventh of March, 1654, 
 a body of two hundred, consisting most of gen- 
 tlemen, surprised Salisbury, and took away all 
 
]88 
 
 the horses. From whence, in expectation of 
 greater forces to join with them, they marched 
 towards Cornwall ; but they were overtaken by 
 one Captain Crook, with a party of sectarian 
 horse, at Southmolton, in Devonshire, and after 
 four hours' sharp conflict defeated. Sir Joseph 
 Wagstaffe, the chief of this loyal party, escaped; 
 the three other most eminent leaders. Colonel 
 John Penruddock, Captain Hugh Groves, and 
 Captain Jones, were taken with fifty others. 
 Another rising was also in Yorkshire, at Hex- 
 ham Moore ; but of four thousand which should 
 have met, not above two hundred appearing, 
 they were soon dispersed by the forces of Co- 
 lonel Lilburne, Sir Henry Slingsby, the chief, 
 taken, and Sir Richard Maleverer with much 
 difficulty escaping. At the same time likewise 
 another attempt was made to rise at Sherwood 
 Forest in Nottinghamshire ; but the gentry that 
 designed it were suppressed by Colonel Hacker. 
 Nor were the levellers less pleased with the ty- 
 rannical usurpation of Cromwell, though their 
 designs were not upon the account of loyalty : 
 for Major-General Harrison, Mr. Carew, Richard 
 Courtney, and Major Wildman, were discovered 
 to have framed a plot against him, and secured: 
 these latter sort of conspirators were in favour 
 
189 
 
 of the sectaries, and in consideration of former 
 assistance in rebellion and the murder of his 
 late Majesty, more gently proceeded with ; for 
 Harrison was shortly after committed to Port- 
 land Castle, Carew to St. Maur's in Cornwall, 
 and Courtney to Carisbrook Castle in Wight 
 Island; but on March 31, 1655, a commission 
 was issued forth for trial of the gentlemen in the 
 west, to Serjeant Thorp, Glyn, and Steel ; and 
 another for trial of them in the north to Serjeant 
 Newdigate, Nicholas, Windham, and Hatton; 
 but of these persons Serjeant Newdigate and 
 Thorp, conscientiously refusing to try any man 
 for treason upon Cromwell's declaration, as law, 
 had writs of ease given them. 
 
 But the Protector wanted not instruments in 
 •the west to execute his bloody pleasure ; for at 
 Salisbury, John Lisle, one of his Prince's mur- 
 derers, sentenced Colonel Penruddock and Cap- 
 tain Grove to the block; and, at Exeter, seven 
 other persons to the gallows. And now Crom- 
 well resolved to rule only by the sword, seeing 
 -the people so hated his tyranny ; to which pur- 
 pose he constituted eleven of his officers to pre- 
 side over all the counties of England with the 
 titles of Major-Generals, allotting four or five 
 •counties as provinces to each, with sufficient 
 
190 
 
 authority, not only in military affairs, but also 
 in civil and ecclesiastical. For the support of 
 these bashaws he made an ordinance, that all ca- 
 valiers or gentlemen of the late King's party 
 should (notwithstanding the late Parliament's 
 act of oblivion, their former compositions, and 
 their peaceable demeanour since) pay the tenth 
 part of their yearly revenue, which was accord- 
 ingly severely exacted by the Major- Generals. 
 He also, the better to provide against future in- 
 surrections, set up auxiliaries in every county, 
 consisting of horse and foot, which were to be 
 ready upon all occasions within an hour's warn- 
 ing ; their pay was 8/. per annum to a horseman 
 and 3/. to a footman ; and, finally, that he might 
 disenable all loyal persons from attempting any 
 thing for their country's liberty, he put forth an 
 ordinance to seize all sorts of arms found in the 
 houses of those he called Malignants. Such 
 were the courses he took to secure himself at 
 home. 
 
 ; About the beginning of the year 1655, a great 
 fleet was sent against the King of Spain's terri- 
 tories in America. The design was kept secret 
 till it came to be executed upon the place; nor 
 did he declare war against that King till after- 
 wards, though the Marquess of Ley da. Governor 
 
191 
 
 of Dunkirk, came over as extraordinary ambas- 
 sador to know his intentions. Many of such as 
 had been imprisoned for the late insurrections 
 had been barbarously sold to foreign planta- 
 tions : some that were left, and several indigent 
 people, were by force sent into this service, to- 
 gether with divers regiments of old soldiers ; 
 Venables commanding the land-forces, and Pen 
 being general at sea. But it pleased God to 
 check the tyrant's insolence by a considerable 
 loss in the very first enterprise, which was un- 
 dertaken so unjustly and against the faith of na- 
 tions (though the propagation of rehgion was 
 pretended, and other slight reasons for it). An 
 army consisting of nine thousand seven hundred 
 foot, besides a party of horse, by the General's 
 indiscretion, was landed in the Island Hispa- 
 niola, at a place ten leagues from the chief town, 
 Santo Domingo, whereby, being ready to perish 
 miserably with thirst and the excessive heat of 
 the sands through which they marched, they 
 were shamefully routed by no greater a party 
 than seventy Spaniards and negroes, one thou- 
 sand two hundred were killed in the conflict and 
 the pursuit, the rest escaped by flight. An in- 
 credible thing, had not the faintness and weak- 
 ness of the English rendered it rather an execu- 
 
192 
 
 tion than a fight. The remainder of this over- 
 throw having afterward endured extreme hard- 
 ship for want of provision, even to the eating of 
 their horses, seized upon another island, called 
 Jamaica, which, though a barren place, wanteth 
 not some considerable advantages. But for the 
 dishonour occasioned to our nation by this un- 
 fortunate expedition, amends was in part made 
 by General Blake, who entering Porto Ferino at 
 Tunis with his fleet, fired nine Turkish ships in 
 it, notwithstanding the strong fortifications upon 
 the shore, and came off with the loss of only 
 twenty-five men. 
 
 Whilst affairs were thus strangely managed 
 in England by the violent Protector, his Majesty 
 resided at Cologne, entertaining himself with 
 such studies as best became a Christian in his 
 own and his country's calamities, such exer- 
 cises as were befitting a Prince, and such com- 
 pany as his affection made most pleasing to 
 him, namely, that of his Brother the Duke of 
 Gloucester, and the Princess Royal of Orange. 
 The Duke of York continued still in France, 
 having only made a journey of no long stay to 
 the French leaguer before Pavia. His Majesty, 
 to divert himself from the resentment of his un- 
 successful affairs, made a progress of state and 
 
193 
 
 pleasure from Cologne to Frankfort Fair, be- 
 ing accompanied with the Duke and the Prin- 
 cess, and attended on by the Lord Marquess of 
 Ormond, the Earl of Norwich, the Lord New- 
 burgh, the Lady Stanhope, and several other 
 persons of honour ; they went by coach a little 
 beyond Bonne, the Archbishop of Cologne's 
 electoral seat, where they entered into a gondola 
 or pleasure-boat ; through every Prince's terri- 
 tories that they passed, the chief officers of 
 state were sent to compliment them, and the 
 great guns saluted them from all their towns 
 and castles. More especially the Prince Elec- 
 tor of Mentz sent his grand-marshal to invite 
 them to his court ; but his Majesty sent the 
 Lord Newburgh back with the grand-marshal 
 to return his acknowledgments to the Elector, 
 and to promise him to accept of his civility as 
 he came back from Frankfort. His Majesty 
 being arrived there had intelligence that Chris- 
 tina, Queen of Sweden (who had voluntarily re- 
 signed her crown, on January 16, 1654, to her cou- 
 sin Carolus Gustavus, and had for the most part 
 since continued at Bruxelles), intended to pass 
 that way to Italy ; whereupon he sent one of his 
 Lords to her to signify his desire to wait upon 
 her Majesty at what place she should be pleased 
 
194 
 
 to nominate. To which message she returned 
 thanks for the honour his Majesty intended her, 
 and appointed Coningstein, a village near Frank- 
 fort, in the Electorate of Mentz, for the place of 
 interview. His Majesty was accordingly re- 
 ceived there by her with many expressions of 
 respect, and had private conference with her 
 alone for almost an hour ; after which the Duke 
 of Gloucester was admitted to her presence 
 alone, and then the Prince Elector Palatine, and 
 his brother Prince Rupert, who came thither on 
 purpose, and the rest of the great Lords that at- 
 tended the King. The Elector Palatine invited 
 his Majesty to his court, but his Majesty waived 
 his civility ; and after many compliments be- 
 tween these Princes, his Majesty returned to 
 Frankfort, the Prince Elector and his Brother to 
 Heidleberg, and the Queen of Sweden pro- 
 ceeded without stay in her journey to Italy. 
 At his Majesty's returning from Frankfort, which 
 was by water, the Elector of Mentz, having pro- 
 vided magnificent entertainment for his recep- 
 tion, came in person a great part of the way to 
 meet him, and conducted him to one of his pa- 
 laces, where he treated him for four days in a 
 most sumptuous and splendid manner; after 
 which himself accompanied him for some pajrt of 
 
195 
 
 the way to Cologne ; in which city four burgo- 
 masters were appointed by the magistrate to 
 wait upon his Majesty and the Princes, and to 
 testify the satisfaction they took in their return 
 thither. And thus we see what respect his Ma- 
 jesty found in a foreign country and in his low-^ 
 est fortune, the greatness of his virtues causing 
 him to be every where extremely valued, not for 
 what he enjoyed, but for what he truly de- 
 served. Shortly after the Princess Royal took 
 leave of his Majesty and the Duke of Gloucester, 
 and departed for Holland. 
 
 In the mean time in England Cromwell's fears 
 or his malice were restless ; for about June most 
 of the gentry in all parts of the nation were 
 clapped up by his Major-Generals ; nor would 
 any security be taken for them, but they were 
 kept in inns and such-like places, with guards of 
 soldiers at an excessive charge and inconve»- 
 nience for many months together; among others 
 the Lord Falkland, Lord Willoughby, of Parham, 
 and the Lord Newport, were committed to the 
 Tower upon suspicion of treason ; but it seems 
 it was rather his own guilt that induced him to 
 do thus than any reasonable cause; which could 
 he have found, no question they had paid their 
 lives for his security. 
 
 02 
 
196 
 
 There having been this year a barbarous mas-, 
 sacre committed upon the Protestants of the 
 valleys of Piedmont by the soldiers of Charles 
 Emanuel Duke of Savoy, the Protector testified 
 his resentment of it by appointing a solemn day 
 of humiliation to be observed, and a large con- 
 tribution to be gathered throughout the nation 
 for their relief. The collections came to a vast 
 sum; but how well they were paid to those 
 for whom they were pretended, is not unknown 
 to them that were employed about this aflfair 
 into Savoy. 
 
 Also toward the latter end of this year propo- 
 sals were made to Cromwell by Manasseh Ben- 
 Israel, a Jew, in behalf of the Jewish nation, for 
 their free admission to trade and exercise of 
 their religion in England. They had been ex- 
 cluded for the space of almost four hundred 
 years ; yet Cromwell, out of a sense of charity 
 for their conversion, and in consideration of 
 200,000/. was willing to listen to their re-enter- 
 tainment. But the design was so vehemently 
 opposed by the divines and merchants that it 
 took no effect. 
 
 In the beginning of the next year, 1656, the 
 King of Spain, being sensible of Cromwell's per- 
 fidiousness, solemnly proclaimed war against 
 
197 
 
 England. Whereupon Cromwell entered into a 
 strict league, both offensive and defensive, with 
 the King of France, who was then at wars with 
 the King of Spain both in Flanders, Italy, and 
 Catalonia. One of the chief articles of the con- 
 federacy was, that his Majesty, with the Dukes 
 of York and Gloucester, and all his relations 
 and adherents (saving the Queen-Mother), should 
 be excluded out of France. In which it is to be 
 wondered with what sense of honour that King 
 could consent to so base and ignoble a proposal, 
 made by one that had murdered his uncle and 
 usurped his dominions, and, withal, to banish 
 such Princes as were so near of blood to him, 
 and came to him for succour and relief. But self- 
 interest, (not self-preservation, for what could 
 France fear from Cromwell, when he was en- 
 gaged with the King of Spain, and jealous every 
 day of the people he tyrannized over?) self- 
 interest, I say, if not of the King of France, 
 at least of Cardinal Mazarine, the Queen's crea- 
 ture, prevailed above all respects of honour, jus- 
 tice, and the sense of human calamities. The 
 King wisely withdrew before, and the Duke of 
 Gloucester not long after ; there remained only 
 the Duke of York, who, during his service in 
 the French army, had acquired to himself a 
 
198 
 
 great renown and a high command. Neverthe- 
 less he had some small time respited for his 
 stay, in which he was visited, and honourably 
 treated by Marshal Turenne (who infinitely es- 
 teemed and loved him for his extraordinary 
 courage and skill in martial affairs), and others 
 of the French lords, as also by the Duke of Mo- 
 dena (who was then occasionally in that king- 
 dom). And shortly after he took his leave of 
 the King of France, the Queen his mother, and 
 the rest of the court, and departed into Flan- 
 ders. In the mean time the King of Spain, 
 partly out of a noble generosity, and partly out 
 of consideration, that having engaged in a war 
 against Cromwell, his Majesty's interest might 
 be of some advantage to him, caused Don John 
 of Austria, his Governor in the Low Countries, to 
 invite his Majesty into his territories, which in- 
 vitation was made by the Count of Fuensal- 
 dagne, a great commander, and lately Governor 
 of Milan. His Majesty accepted of the ofier, 
 and departed from Cologne to Bruges, in Flan- 
 ders, where he was received with great expres- 
 sions of honour and respect. Thither also the 
 Duke of York went to his Majesty, having taken 
 Bruxelles in his way, and been extremely ca- 
 ressed by Don John and his court, who ex- 
 
199 
 
 pressed much joy in having the most valiant 
 Prince of his age in the world come to assist 
 personally in the war. 
 
 In England Cromwell being much necessi- 
 tated for money, and withal impatient to tarry 
 longer for a confirmation by the people (which 
 although he could not obtain of the preceding 
 Parliament, he hoped he might gain of another), 
 attempted once more to call a new Representa- 
 tive. But remembering the carriage of some in 
 the former, he gave private intimation to certain 
 persons in several counties to obstruct (if possi- 
 ble) their election again in the ensuing session, 
 and writ letters to some sheriffs to the same 
 purpose. Nevertheless, though they were cho- 
 sen after the new mode, ten in a county and one 
 in a borough, the success of these practices did 
 not so well please him ; but that when they as- 
 sembled (Septeniber 17, 1656), above seven- 
 score of the returned members were excepted 
 against by the Protector; and when they ad- 
 dressed to the rest that were admitted into the 
 House to have their elections examined, the 
 Parliament unworthily betrayed their own pri- 
 vileges, and referred them to CromwelFs Coun- 
 cil. Sir Thomas Widdrington was chosen 
 Speaker. After this beginning, they proceeded 
 
200 
 
 to make the following Acts: — I. An Act for 
 
 Disannulling his Majesty's Title to the Govern- 
 ment of the three Nations, passed nemine contra- 
 dicente. II. An Act making it Treason for any 
 to attempt, compass, or imagine, the Protector's 
 death; and appointing such Offenders to be tried, 
 not by a jury of twelve sufficient men, but by a 
 High Court of Justice, This act was occa- 
 sioned by a plot of one Syndercomb, who had 
 designed to murder the Protector, and was 
 therefore tried at the King's Bench bar (his ac- 
 cuser being one Toope, of Cromwell's lifeguard), 
 and condemned to be hanged, drawn, and quar- 
 tered. But the night preceding the day ap- 
 pointed for his execution, he was poisoned either 
 by himself or some others. III. An Act for an 
 Assessment for 60,000/. per mensem for Three 
 Years, IV. An Act for continuing Tonnage and 
 Poundage, V. An Act for preventing multipli-^ 
 city of Buildings in a?id about the Suburbs of 
 London, This act concerned not only such as 
 were to be built hereafter, but also those that 
 had been reared upon new foundations for al- 
 most forty years before, for which the owners 
 were fined one year's rent to Cromwell : and it 
 extended to buildings ten miles round about 
 London. VI. An Act for Ewcise of Merchandise 
 
201 
 
 imported; hobby-horses, children's rattles, and 
 old shirts, not exempted. But the great act of 
 all was called. An humble Petition and Advice, in 
 which the government was settled upon Crom- 
 well For his life, and upon whom he should no- 
 minate to succeed him. While it was in agita- 
 tion, it was moved in the House by Alderman 
 Pack (a knight of Cromwell's making), that he 
 might be desired to take upon him the title of 
 King, The Junto, who knew his mind in part 
 before, presently prosecuted the motion, and 
 appointed St. John, Glyn, Whitlock, Lisle, 
 Fines, Lenthall, and others of the like stamp, to 
 be a Committee to attend him to that purpose. 
 These men courted him very eagerly to accept 
 of that title; nor did he seem much averse; 
 yea, it is more than probable he thirsted after 
 it, and that the design was framed by himself; 
 for Thurloe, his secretary, openly promoted it. 
 Nevertheless he shuffled off and on in many con- 
 ferences with them at Whitehall ; till at length, 
 being deterred by the non-compliance of the 
 army, he answered, that he could not undertake the 
 government with the title of king. Whereupon it 
 was resolved he should be still termed Protec- 
 tor. By this Petition, among many other things, 
 it was enacted, there should be another House, 
 
202 
 
 consisting of seventy persons, to be nominated 
 by Cromwell himself, and summoned thither by 
 writs, as the Peers of England were wont to be. 
 And this was designed by Cromwell, as a way to 
 gratify his great officers, whom he intended by 
 this means to make lords ; as also to the end, 
 that having effected his desires by this Junto, 
 who both established him in his government 
 and gave him 1,900,000/. per annum, besides all 
 crown-lands unsold, with all other emoluments, 
 to maintain it for his life, if after-Parliaments 
 should attempt to rescind these Acts, his other 
 House might perpetually check them by their 
 negative voice. These Acts being passed by 
 him, he was, on June 26, 1657, solemnly sworn 
 and invested with robes of purple velvet by the 
 Speaker of the Junto in Westminster-Hall, hav- 
 ing also a sword, a sceptre, and a Bible, de- 
 livered to him. In which formalities he returned 
 home, and the Junto prorogued their sitting to 
 the twentieth of the next January. 
 
 In the spring of this year Cromwell, accord- 
 ing to agreement made with the French King, 
 sent over six thousand foot, under Colonel Rey- 
 nolds, into Flanders, to assist him there against 
 the Spaniard ; these auxiliaries did the King of 
 France great service in the taking of Montmedi 
 
203 
 
 and St. Venant, two very advantageous places, 
 and also, not long after, of the strong fort of 
 Mardike. Which the Spaniards looking upon 
 as a place of great importance to the keeping of 
 Dunkirk, resolved to employ their utmost ef- 
 forts to regain. His Majesty of Britain had an 
 army at that time, consisting of two thousand 
 English, Scotch, and Irish reformadoes, which, 
 despairing of any other occasion to employ as 
 yet, he permitted upon request to be made use 
 of by the King of Spain. They were commanded 
 by the Duke of York, and amongst other forces 
 appointed for the attempting Mardike. Ac- 
 cordingly an assault was made upon the place 
 by night, with much resolution and courage; 
 but the assailants were forced, after six hours' 
 conflict, to retire.. The English and French 
 hereupon forthwith begirt Dunkirk with a 
 straight siege, the former being commanded by 
 Colonel Lockhart, and the latter by Marshal 
 Turenne. To oppose this design, Don John of 
 Austria, the Duke of York, the Prince ofConde, 
 and the Marquess of Caracene, assembled seven 
 thousand foot and nine thousand horse, and 
 brought them to Fuernes Fort. The besiegers 
 were indeed more numerous, and therefore left 
 sufficient forces to secure their trenches, and 
 
204 
 
 drew forth the rest to encounter the enemy's 
 army. The first onset was made by a forlorn 
 hope of above three hundred English foot, who 
 were seconded by the rest of their countrymen 
 under Lockhart. They charged with such fury 
 upon the Spanish foot (who had advantageoj^sly 
 drawn up upon a sand-hill), that notwithstanding 
 that difficulty, they totally routed the whole 
 body. Whereupon the Spanish horse also, see- 
 ing their infantry put to the rout, betook them- 
 selves to flight, nor could by any endeavours be 
 persuaded to make a stand. Upon which occa- 
 sion the French horse, who had stood specta- 
 tors only of the conflict, fell in upon pursuit of 
 the flying enemy, from whom they found little 
 opposition but what was made by the Duke of 
 York's regiment, who put such a stop to the 
 impetuous career of the whole French army, as 
 conduced much for the safety of the routed 
 Spaniards, who otherwise had in all probability 
 been totally cut off". Nevertheless at length the 
 numerousness of the pursuers overpowered the 
 valour of these resisters, so that being much 
 tired with the violence of the encounter, and no 
 relief coming, they were enforced to desert their 
 station and betake themselves to flight. Few 
 of them escaped ; among which were the Dukes 
 
205 
 
 of York and Gloucester ; though the first was 
 not heard of till three days after ; which gave 
 occasion to a general suspicion that he was 
 taken by the French forces, and secretly dis- 
 missed at a fit opportunity by the Marshal of 
 Turenne. In this battle of the Spaniards eight 
 hundred officers were taken prisoners, and two 
 thousand private soldiers ; the number of slain 
 was uncertain. The consequence of it was the 
 loss of Dunkirk ; the Marquess of Leyda (go- 
 vernor thereof) being slain in a sally, it was sur- 
 rendered upon articles, and by the King of 
 France and the Cardinal, in person, put into the 
 hands of the English, June 25, 1658. 
 
 While these things were in agitation beyond 
 sea, the pretended Parliament reassembled on 
 January 20, and those Members who had been 
 excluded the last session were now admitted. 
 There was also an assembly of officers, and some 
 few others in the House of Peers, summoned 
 thither by Cromwell as Lords. But the Com- 
 mons, being now a full House, began to review 
 the late humble petition and advice made by a 
 packed Junto, and refused to treat with the 
 other House as lords. Wherefore, Cromwell, 
 in a great fury hasted to them in a hackney- 
 coach, and having rated them sufficiently, dis- 
 
206 
 
 solved them, February 4 ; yet with this word 
 of consolation to his other Hoiise, My Lords ! 
 ye are lords and shall he lords. This was the 
 fourth Parliament he dissolved, having before 
 violently turned out the Long Parliament, the 
 Little Parliament, the Recognition Parliament, 
 and this garbled Junto. There goes a saying 
 concerning the three latter, which were sum- 
 moned by Cromwell himself, that the first was 
 called but not chosen, the second did just nothing, 
 and the third did not hi?ig just. 
 
 However, Cromwell resolved to maintain what 
 he had gotten per fas et nefas. He had called his 
 eldest son Richard out of the country to inure 
 him to a court life and public affairs, and placed 
 his second, Henry, in Ireland, in the room of 
 Fleetwood, whom he recalled from thence, want- 
 ing, as he said, his presence and counsel. More- 
 over he had married his two youngest daughters 
 in the foregoing November, one to Mr. Robert 
 Rich, heir-apparent to the earldom of Warwick, 
 and the other to Thomas, Viscount Falcon- 
 bridge. And having thus settled himself, he 
 resolved to rule at his pleasure, despairing of 
 ever having the compliance of a full and free- 
 chosen Parliament. On the twelfth of March 
 he sent for Tichburn, then Lord Mayor of Lon^ 
 
207 
 
 don, the Aldermen and Common-Council, and 
 acquainting them with the imminent danger of 
 the Commonwealth by reason of secret machi- 
 nations from some ill-willers to his govern- 
 ment, gave them orders for settling the militia. 
 Whereupon the guards were doubled, and a strict 
 watch was set in all parts of the City. Shortly 
 after divers persons were apprehended and 
 imprisoned ; and among others. Doctor John 
 Hewet, Minister of St. Gregory's near Paul's, 
 Mr. John Russell, brother of the Earl of Bed- 
 ford, Sir William Compton, brother of the Earl 
 of Northampton, Mr. John Mordaunt, brother of 
 the Earl of Peterburgh, Sir Richard Willis, Sir 
 William Leighton, and many more of less quality. 
 Hereupon followed a day of solemn humiliation, 
 and a High Court of Justice ; before which was 
 brought, first. Sir Henry Slingsby of Yorkshire ; 
 he was accused of treason by one Waterhouse and 
 one Overton, officers in the garrison of Hull, for 
 conspiring to seize upon that place for the King: 
 next him was brought to trial Dr. Hewet ; he 
 was impeached of treason for holding corre- 
 spondence with the King, and delivering his 
 commissions to several persons for levying forces 
 against the government ; but the Doctor refused 
 to own the authority of the court. The same 
 
208 
 
 day Mr. Mordaunt was also arraigned before the 
 said High Court for a treasonable design ; but 
 he made his innocence so apparent against all 
 the evidence, that he was acquitted. Sir Henry 
 Slingsby and Doctor Hewet received sentence 
 of death (pronounced upon them by President 
 Lisle) on the second of June, and notwithstand- 
 ing the intercessions of great friends, were be- 
 headed on Tower- Hill, on the fifth of the same 
 month. A few days after one Mallery, the be- 
 trayer of all the rest, was tried pro forma and 
 condemned, but reprieved. Other persons were 
 also tried, whereof some were acquitted, some 
 condemned and reprieved; but three persons 
 were dealt with in the greatest rigour, being 
 hanged and quartered, namely, Colonel Edward 
 Ashton in Tower-street, over against Mark- 
 lane end, John Bettely in Cheapside, and Ed- 
 mund Stacy before the Old Exchange, the 
 seventeenth of July. These murders were usher- 
 ed in with a fast and concluded with a day of 
 thanksgiving. Sad news was this to his sacred 
 Majesty, who could not but be infinitely sensible 
 of the sufferings of these loyal persons, as well 
 as of the calamitous state his interest was there- 
 by brought into. However he gave not himself 
 up to pensiveness and unprofitable sorrow, but 
 
209 
 
 repaired for awhile to Antwerp, with the two 
 Dukes his brothers, and the Princess his sister, 
 from whence also he went to Bruxelles, and re- 
 sided there for a good space, being entertained 
 there splendidly by Don John of Austria, and 
 desired to be present at most consultations for 
 carrying on the war against the French. 
 
 In August Elizabeth Cleypole, daughter to 
 Cromwell, and wife to one John Cleypole, died 
 at Hampton- Court, much troubled in mind, by 
 reason of the bloody actions of her father (as 
 was reported). But whether it were so or no, 
 this is certain, that Cromwell never enjoyed 
 himself after her death, and did not survive her 
 a full month. He lay some while in a very sad 
 condition with extreme torment and pain in his 
 bowels ; nevertheless he could not endure to 
 think of dying, but said the night before his 
 death, — That God had revealed to him that he 
 should not die, and that he had a great deal of glo- 
 rious work for him still to do in these nations. But 
 on Friday, the third of September, he departed 
 this life, or as some say, on the thirtieth of Au- 
 gust, at which time was the most furious violent 
 wind that ever happened in the memory of man. 
 Immediately upon his death his council met, 
 and upon the afiirmation of Dr. Goodwin, that 
 
 p 
 
210 
 
 he nominated his son Richard to succeed him, 
 or that they judged it the most expedient 
 course, they ordered him to be proclaimed Pro- 
 tector accordingly. Which was done the next 
 day in the City of London, and his new High- 
 ness took an oath prescribed in the Humble Pe- 
 tition and Advice, Richard's first care was the 
 interment of his father, and search was made 
 into the records to see what had been expended 
 upon the burial of former kings, to the end 
 greater cost might be bestowed upon his. All 
 the gaudery was not provided till the twenty- 
 third of November, and then his image was 
 drawn in great pomp to Westminster Abbey, 
 and laid in a stately hearse. What became of 
 his carcass is not certainly known. Thus ended 
 this great tyrant after almost five years' usurp- 
 ation, during which he spent vast sums of trea- 
 sure to maintain his ill-gotten power, and yet 
 his funeral charges amounting to above 39,000/. 
 are unpaid for at this day. As soon as the ce- 
 remonies were over, young Cromwell was urged 
 by his wants of money, and other pressing oc- 
 casions, to call a Parliament ; to which end he 
 sent forth writs (not according to the instrument 
 of government, but after the old way, two in a 
 county, &c). In the mean time many congra- 
 
211 
 
 tulatory addresses were made to him from coun-* 
 ties, cities, boroughs, and regiments of soldiers, 
 full of flattery and profaneness, some of them 
 comparing the old tyrant to Moses, and his imp 
 to Joshua, the guides and conductors of God's 
 people out of Egyptian thraldom. The chosen 
 Members assembled at Westminster on the 
 twenty-seventh of January, and so did the other 
 House. Great debates were amongst them 
 touching the recognition of the Government, 
 and transacting with the other House as Lords 
 (during which two Speakers successively died); 
 till the young Protector, being undermined by a 
 cabal of officers, Fleetwood, Desborough, &c. 
 weakly yielded to the dissolving of the Parlia- 
 ment, on Friday the twenty-second of April, 
 shortly after which (a fast being solemnized) the 
 remainder of the Long Parliament ^ who had been 
 dissolved by Cromwell, April 20, 1653, were 
 invited by Lambert to sit again ; which they 
 did on the seventh of May, excluding by violence 
 such of their fellow- members as they had before 
 secluded in December 1648, though they were 
 the greater number. Richard was thereupon 
 deprived of his government, and so was his 
 brother Harry in Ireland. And now this old 
 Junto being advanced again and congratulated 
 
 P2 
 
212 
 
 (as other governments had formerly been) from 
 Scotland, Ireland, and the Fleet, begin to act 
 like subtle politicians. And to the end the 
 army might be kept in obedience to them, they 
 made the Speaker of the House General, ca- 
 shiered many officers, and caused new commis- 
 sions to be delivered by the Speaker in the 
 House of Parliament to all the commanders 
 both of land and sea-forces. The affections of 
 the people they did not much value, so long as 
 the army would stand to them. To gratify 
 whom they imposed a whole years tax, at 
 35,000/. joe/^ mensem, to be paid immediately. 
 After which about July they passed an act for 
 settling the militia of counties in such hands as 
 they pleased : but Lambert and the other offi- 
 cers (who intended to have the whole guard of 
 the Rump, and aimed at other designs) not 
 relishing this proceeding, it was laid aside. 
 
 Nothing could have been more odious to the 
 nation than this re-establishment of the Rump- 
 Parliament ; who taking these courses to secure 
 the perpetual continuance of their sitting, and 
 resolving never to increase their number by ad- 
 mitting their fellow-members or new ones legally 
 elected in their places, awakened the spirits of 
 inost of the gentry of the nation to attempt some- 
 
213 
 
 thing for their country's liberty by restitution 
 of the ancient government. A great inclination 
 there was in most counties to take up arms, and 
 several offers were made in divers places, but 
 none was so considerable as that in Cheshire, 
 Lancashire, and the parts adjoining, under Sir 
 George Booth, Sir Thomas Middleton, and other 
 gentlemen in those parts. They declared for a 
 full and free Parliament to be elected by the 
 people. Sir George Booth had taken West-^ 
 Chester, and was reported to be very numerous. 
 Whereupon Lambert was sent out against him 
 with an army of six or seven thousand men, 
 and a train of artillery; moreover forces from all 
 quarters were appointed to draw to him, so that 
 all meeting he had a very puissant army. The 
 party und^r Sir George Booth had been in arms 
 a good time before Lambert came against them, 
 in expectation that other counties would have 
 done the like ; but this hope failing, upon Lam- 
 bert's approach, many of them withdrew from 
 him. The rest came to an encounter with Lam- 
 bert at Northwich, and were without much dif- 
 ficulty defeated. The number of the slain was 
 not many, but the prisoners were in great mul- 
 .titudes ; Sir George Booth himself was also 
 within a few days after taken in a disguise in an 
 
214 
 
 inn at 'Newport-Pagnel in Bedfordshire, as he 
 was coming up to London. Persons of quality- 
 taken besides him were the Earl of Derby, the 
 Lord Kilmurrey, Major-General Ranulph Eger- 
 ton, Sir William Neile, Sir Thomas Powel of 
 Flintshire, Golonel Massey of Cheshire, Major 
 Peter Brook. The Earl of Stamford and Sir 
 Thomas Leventhorp were also imprisoned in 
 other places with some hundreds of gentlemen 
 for designing to levy war against the Common- 
 wealth. The Rump, overjoyed with this suc- 
 cess, presented Lambert with 1000/. to buy him 
 a jewel, but he thought it more suitable to his 
 designs to distribute it amongst his army. 
 
 During these actions in England his Majesty 
 privately withdrew from Bruxelles, together 
 with the Duke of York; it was imagined by many 
 that they were come concealed into England in 
 expectation of the event, or at least lay upon the 
 sea-coasts ready to have transported some forces 
 in a fleet which rode upon the coast of Flanders, 
 in case matters had succeeded prosperously. 
 But not long after the suppression of the Che- 
 shire insurrection, they appeared again at Brux- 
 elles ; from whence his Majesty dispatched an 
 ambassador to attend with certain proposals at 
 the interview of Cardinal Mazarine for the French 
 
215 
 
 King, and Don Lewis de Haro for the Spanish, 
 who met upon the confines to treat a peace be- 
 tween the two crowns, and a marriage between 
 the King of France and the Infanta of Spain. 
 The ambassador was entertained by the two 
 grand ministers with very high testimonies of 
 honour and respect, and promised to have his 
 master's interest taken into consideration as 
 soon as the concernments of their own would 
 permit. 
 
 But in England the pretended Parliament fell 
 eagerly to their old beloved trade of sequestra- 
 tion, and determined to exercise the utmost of 
 severity upon the actors in the late insurrection. 
 And no doubt they would have prosecuted their 
 intentions, had not providence diverted their 
 malice by a breach which fell out between them 
 and the principal officers of the army. Lambert 
 (whose ambition instigated him to be so ac- 
 tive in the late change of government, and so 
 popular in the management of his late expedi- 
 ,tion), together with other grand officers, thought 
 the Parliament so obliged to them for restoring 
 them to power and preserving them in it, that 
 they conceived none of their demands ought to 
 be denied. Whereupon, at their return to Lqn- 
 .don, a petition was presented to the House by 
 
216 ,, 
 
 Desb6rough for a general. The Junto, remem 
 bering how their former general had served 
 them, not only denied this request, but vacated 
 the commissions of Lambert, Desborough, and 
 seven others, and voted the supreme command 
 of the army into the hands ef seven commis- 
 sioners, whereof two or three were army-men, 
 the other Members of Parliament. Lambert and 
 his companions were so incensed herewith, that 
 upon the eleventh of October forces were drawn 
 out on either side at Westminster ; those for the 
 Junto commanded by Hazlerig, Morley, and 
 others ; those for the army by Lambert himself, 
 Desborough, Berry, and other colonels ; and had 
 not the Council of State interposed, they had 
 charged one another. Nevertheless the army- 
 party prevailed, and turned the Rump out of 
 doors, October 13. Which being done, the 
 great officers, having assembled in council at 
 Wallingford House, disposed of commands 
 among themselves, Fleetwood was made Gene- 
 ral, Lambert Lieutenant-General, Desborough 
 General of the Horse ; and that they might sa- 
 tisfy General Monk too, who govern^ Scot- 
 land, they made him Major- General of the foot. 
 As for civil affairs, they erected a Committee of 
 Safety, consisting chiefly of army-officers and 
 
21? 
 
 some Members of the dissolved Junto, who 
 sided with them, as Vane, Salwey, &c. The 
 council of officers also, for satisfaction of the 
 people, put forth a declaration concerning their 
 late proceedings, charging the Rump with high 
 crimes, and making void their late pretended 
 acts. Moreover, they appointed certain per- 
 sons to frame a model of government ; which no 
 question would have proved an excellent one, 
 when only swordmen and tradesmen were to be 
 the contrivers. But that which checked their 
 contentment in these courses was the dissatisfac^ 
 tion of General Monk in Scotland. Letters of 
 expostulation passed to and fro between the 
 General and Fleetwood ; but the English army 
 in the mean time prepared to march against him 
 forthwith, and was led towards the north by 
 Lambert, consisting of about twelve thousand 
 men. The General, seeing them thus before- 
 hand with him, sent Commissioners to Westmin- 
 ster to treat, yet, withal, marched southward 
 with what forces he could raise, and fortified 
 Berwick-upon-Tweed. The Commissioners go- 
 ing beyond their instructions, the General was 
 not satisfied with the treaty, and therefore 
 soon after desired another at Newcastle ; during 
 which he called a Convention of Estates in Scot- 
 
218 
 
 land, who not only approved his undertaking, 
 but assisted him in it. While things stood thus, 
 the City of London, though they well enough 
 liked the turning out of the Rump, would by no 
 means join with the army ; but about the be- 
 ginning of December, the apprentices, and some 
 others, framed a petition to the Lord Mayor and 
 Aldermen for a free Parliament ; the soldiers 
 understanding it interposed, and a great hurly- 
 burly thereupon arose in the City, some being 
 slain and others wounded. Fleetwood was 
 therefore desired to draw his forces out of the 
 City; but instead of doing that, he placed garri- 
 sons in several parts of it, threatening to fire it if 
 the citizens stirred. At the same time Hazlerig, 
 Morley, and some other Rumpers, seized on 
 Portsmouth, and declared against the army; 
 and part of the navy under Vice- Admiral Law- 
 son did the like, and blocked up the Thames. 
 The City in this condition would declare neither 
 for Parliament nor Army, but still desired a free 
 Parliament, which at last was consented to upon 
 divers enslaving qualifications, and proclaimed by 
 the Committee of Safety to begin on the twenty- 
 fourth of January . Upon the borders all this while 
 nothing was done, the treaty took no effiect ; ne- 
 vertheless General Monk kept from engaging, 
 
219 
 
 nor was it possible for Lambert to draw him to 
 it, whose forces, quartered in a cold barren coun- 
 try, were unable to march by reason of the hard- 
 ness of the weather. At length Fleetwood, hav- 
 ing treated with Lawson to no effect, and his 
 soldiers being ready to mutiny for want of pay, 
 was forced, out of apprehension of worse con- 
 sequences, to give over ruling ; and the Rump 
 slipped into the House again on December 26, 
 late in the evening, by torch-light. Upon the 
 news hereof Lambert's army deserted him, and 
 General Monk entered into England with his, 
 about the sixth of January. 
 
 Whilst affairs were thus turbulent in England, 
 his Majesty, being at Dieppe in Normandy, re- 
 ceived an invitation from Don Lewis de Haro, 
 the great Spanish minister, at the frontier of 
 Spain. Which his Majesty accepting, rid post 
 incognito through France, being accompanied 
 only with the Lord Marquess of Ormond and 
 the Earl of Bristol. Upon information of his 
 approach to Bayonne, the Spanish favourite 
 went forth with a splendid train to meet him, 
 and upon the first sight of him alighted from his 
 horse, and notwithstanding the inconvenience of 
 the place, in a very humble posture embraced 
 his Majesty's knees ; from whence also he con- 
 
220 
 
 ducted him (riding all the way bareheaded) to 
 the best lodgings the place afforded. On the 
 next day his Majesty was visited by Mazarine, 
 whom he entertained with that discreet wari- 
 ness that he let him know he sufficiently under- 
 stood his projects. The result of his Majesty's 
 consultations with Don Lewis was, that the fa- 
 vourite in his master's name promised him all 
 assistance both of men and money, as soon as 
 the conclusion of the French peace permitted. 
 Whereupon his Majesty, after high caresses and 
 treatments, returned privately by post to Paris, 
 where staying with the Queen his mother some 
 few days, he departed to his former residence at 
 Bruxelles. 
 
 This private journey occasioned so certain a 
 belief in the sectarians here in power, that his 
 Majesty and the Duke of York (who lay at Ca- 
 lais) were come over into England, that many 
 persons were apprehended for them, and parti- 
 cularly one Mr. Colt was taken and imprisoned 
 for the Duke of York, and others also for his 
 Majesty. 
 
 We left General Monk upon his march out of 
 Scotland ; all parties had their hopes fixed upon 
 him ; the Rump presuming by his assistance to 
 quell the refractory City ; and the citizens, that 
 
.(. • 
 
 D.J^oaasm. Delan 
 
 R.Cooper Sculp ; 
 
 <Brm©m,<^m m-i^mm ©jt .i^mmm^^ME^m o 
 
 PUhUthetl by C Sc n.Rcddv/jn Nev/qalr Slref>/ . 
 
221 
 
 he would enforce the Rump either to call in the 
 Members secluded in December, 1648, or to fill 
 up the House with new elections; yet none 
 knew certainly his intentions. During his march 
 he was addressed to by several counties, for the 
 same things that the City desired, who also sent 
 their swordbearer as far as Newcastle to con- 
 gratulate his coming, and tender the respects 
 and affections of the City to him. Yet he ^ave 
 such answers as were not satisfactory to any. 
 The Rump also sent two of their Members (Ro- 
 binson and Scot) to wait upon him, but, indeed, 
 rather as spies to watch and observe him. At St. 
 Albans some Aldermen and Common-Council* 
 men of London were sent to him from the City 
 to court him, but were returned, as all others, 
 only with thanks for their respects. On Friday, 
 the third of February, he marched into London, 
 and was lodged at Whitehall; being much caress- 
 ed by the Rump, and received their thanks in the 
 House. The City continuing still their refracto- 
 riness to the Rump ; and perceiving they so de- 
 layed the filling up of the House, as if they never 
 intended it, on Wednesday the eighth of Febru- 
 ary, passed a vote in Common-Council, not to 
 pay or levy any taxes until such time as they 
 might have a full and free Parliament. This so 
 
222 
 
 enraged the Rump that they ordered the Gene- 
 ral to march with his army into the City, pull 
 up the chains and posts, break down the gates 
 and portcullis, and imprison divers Aldermen 
 and Commissioners. Which was accordingly 
 executed the next day, to the great terror 
 and amazement, not only of the City, but of 
 the whole nation, when they heard the report 
 of it. 
 
 But this consternation did not last long ; for 
 the General, reflecting on the odious service the 
 Rump had put him upon, and apprehending 
 their intentions to retrench his power (which 
 indeed, his commission being that day expired, 
 they did accordingly, joining him with some of 
 their members and officers in the supreme com- 
 mand of the army), on Saturday, the eleventh 
 of February, drew his army into Finsbury-fields, 
 and presently after, upon some conference with 
 the Lord Mayor and some chief citizens, writ a 
 letter to the Junto, as from Whitehall, subscribed 
 by himself and fourteen of his chief officers, 
 wherein he told them with what regret ** he had 
 executed their late orders in relation to the 
 chains, posts, and gates of the City, which he 
 feared would be so far from answering the ex- 
 pected end, that it would rather increase the 
 
223 
 
 discomposure of men's spirits in the nations ;" 
 minding them also, *' that the ground of his 
 coming into England was, not only to return 
 them to their trust, but also to vindicate the 
 liberties of the people, &c." He also com- 
 plained, " that Lambert, Vane, and others, im- 
 peached of treason, and that had acted in the il- 
 legal and tyrannical Committee of Safety, were 
 yet suffered to continue in and about the City, 
 and some too in the House and in the army, &c. 
 That they were contriving to take away the 
 maintenance of the ministry ; that they were 
 framing another oath to impose upon the peo- 
 ple, and to that purpose had countenanced a 
 bold and dangerous petition from the fanatic 
 party." And lastly he desired, *' That by the 
 Friday following they would issue out writs for 
 filling up the House upon due and reasonable 
 qualifications, and put a certain and speedy pe- 
 riod to their sitting, according to their frequent 
 declarations." This letter produced not greater 
 regret in the Rump, than it did joy to the City 
 and whole kingdom, which was testified at night 
 by bonfires and ringing of bells, &c. 
 
 The time set for filling the House being ex- 
 pired, and nothing done by the Rump in order 
 thereunto, the formerly secluded Members, upon 
 
224 
 
 address to the General, and engaging to him not 
 to be against a single person, were on the twenty- 
 first of February permitted to take their seats 
 in the House, after eleven years' exclusion. The 
 House, now augmented by above a hundred 
 Members, take care for settling the nations; 
 and first they constituted General Monk Com- 
 mander-in-chief of all the forces of England, 
 Scotland, and Ireland, Sir William Waller Lieu- 
 tenant-General, Colonel Rossiter General of the 
 Horse, General Montague Admiral at sea. Then 
 they appointed a new Council of State, consist- 
 ing of General Monk, the Lord Fairfax, Mr. 
 Annesley, Sir William Waller, Mr. Hollis, Ge- 
 neral Montague, and others, to the number of 
 thirty. And with all speed they released seve- 
 ral gentlemen imprisoned by the Rump, and 
 amongst others Sir George Booth; ordering 
 also the City gates to be repaired at the public 
 charge. And lastly, having made provision for 
 settling the militia of the kingdom, and calling 
 a new Parliament to convene at Westminster 
 the twenty-fifth of April, they dissolved them- 
 selves by act on Friday the sixteenth of March. 
 And thus ended that unhappy Long Parliament, 
 after almost nineteen years from their first as- 
 sembling, having been interrupted for five years 
 
225 
 
 together by Cromwell, and for ten weeks- by 
 Lambert. 
 
 His Majesty in the mean time removed from 
 the Spanish Court at Bruxelles to Bruges in 
 Flanders, and resided there fdr a good space; 
 but being now in fair hopes of restitution to his 
 dominions, departed from thence toward the 
 latter end of March to Breda, a handsome town 
 situate in Brabant, about ten leagues from Ant- 
 werp, and belonging to the Prince of Orange. 
 
 In this interval the Council of State prudently 
 managed affairs, proclaiming against all dis- 
 turbers of the peace, under whatsoever pretence, 
 and tendering an engagement for peaceable de- 
 meanour, to be subscribed by such as they sus- 
 pected of disturbance, which Lambert refusing, 
 was committed to the Tower. The General 
 also purged his army of fanatics, both officers 
 and soldiers, and sent down two colonels to dis- 
 place Overton from the garrison of Hull, which 
 he pretended 1o keep till the coming of Jesus 
 Christ. But about the middle of April a great 
 disturbance had like to have happened. For 
 Lambert, having made an escape out of the 
 Tower, appeared in arms about Northampton 
 at the head of a party, many cashiered soldiers 
 and fanatics repairing to him. But this danger 
 
226 
 
 was timely removed by Colonel Richard In* 
 goldsby, who without fighting took Lambert 
 with his own hand, and sent him up to London 
 prisoner, together with a son of Hazlerig's, Co- 
 lonel Cobbet, and Major Creed. They were 
 brought by coach through Hyde Park on the 
 twenty-fourth of April, at which time twenty 
 thousand horse and foot of City regiments and 
 auxiliaries were training there. 
 
 The Parliament, according to appointment, 
 assembled at Westminster, and chose Sir Har- 
 bottle Grimstone Speaker, the nobility also 
 taking their places in the Upper House by virtue 
 of their peerage, and choosing the Earl of Man- 
 chester Speaker. Within a few days after their 
 meeting, the Lord Viscount Mordaunt and Sir 
 John Green vile, one of the gentlemen of his Ma- 
 jesty's bedchamber, arrived at London with 
 letters from his Majesty dated at Breda, April 
 4-14. One was to the House of Peers, another 
 to the House of Commons, another to General 
 Monk and his officers, and another to the Lord 
 Mayor, Aldermen, and Common-Council of Lon- 
 don. These letters were accompanied with a 
 declaration, and delivered accordingly on May- 
 day. The two Houses received them with great 
 joy and loyal affection, and so did his Excellency 
 
227 
 
 and the City ; from whom Sir John Greenvile 
 received 200/. and 500/. from the Parliament, as 
 a gratuity, to buy him a jewel. The letters 
 were full of very gracious expressions, and in 
 the declaration his Majesty offered — " L A free 
 and general pardon to be passed under the 
 Great Seal to all persons whatsoever, who within 
 forty days after the publication thereof shall sue 
 it out ; excepting such as should be excepted 
 by the Parliament. II. A liberty to tender con- 
 sciences in matters of religion, so as the peace of 
 the kingdom be not disturbed, and to pass such 
 an act to that effect, as the Parliament should 
 think fit to offer. III. The determination con- 
 cerning sales and purchases, to the Parliament. 
 IV. and lastly. Satisfaction of arrears to the 
 officers and soldiers of General Monk's army, 
 and reception of them into his own service upon 
 as good pay and conditions as they now enjoy." 
 Hereupon the House of Commons vote his Ma- 
 jesty's letters and declaration satisfactory, and 
 the government to be in King, Lords, and Com- 
 mons ; soon after which both Houses ordered a 
 certain number of their Members to go to his 
 Majesty with letters, and to invite him to his 
 kingdoms ; also 50,000/. was ordered to be im- 
 mediately sent to him, 10,000/. to the Duke of 
 
 Q 2 
 
228 
 
 York, and 5000/. to the Duke of Gloucester. 
 The City also deputed several worthy members 
 to wait upon his Majesty with a letter, and 
 10,000/. as a present. Moreover Admiral Mon- 
 tague was commanded to attend him upon the 
 coasts of Holland with a squadron of ships. 
 But the General first of all dispatched away his 
 brother Sir Thomas Clarges with a letter to his 
 Majesty, wherein was enclosed an address of 
 the officers, professing their allegiance to his 
 Majesty. On Tuesday, the eighth of May, his 
 Majesty was solemnly proclaimed in London, 
 and soon after in all counties, cities, and bo- 
 roughs of England, and that with greater trans- 
 ports of joy than had ever been known upon the 
 like or any other occasion. In the mean time 
 great numbers of persons of quality daily flock- 
 ed over to Breda to his Majesty, who stayed 
 not long there, but removed to the Hague, 
 where himself and the English gentry were 
 splendidly entertained at the charge of the 
 States, who also presented him with gifts of 
 great value. From thence the Queen of Bo- 
 hemia, with the Princess of Orange, and the 
 young Prince, accompanied his Majesty and 
 the two Dukes to the seaside, where they were 
 entertained in the Naseby with a magnificent 
 
229 
 
 collation, and so his Majesty took leave of them, 
 and set sail for England. At his landing at 
 Dover he was met by the General, who imme- 
 diately kneeled to kiss his royal hand ; but his 
 Majesty embraced him graciously, and took him 
 with his two Brothers into his coach to Dover, 
 whence after a treatment by the Magistrates he 
 rode to Canterbury, where he was met by the 
 Mayor and Citizens, who presented him a golden 
 cup full of gold ; and the Ministers, who pre- 
 sented him a Bible. 
 
 Having rested there on Sunday, the next day 
 he went to Cobham House, and on Tuesday, 
 the twenty-ninth of May (being his birthday), 
 he came towards London, attended by the Duke 
 of Buckingham, the Earls of Northampton, 
 Norwich, Shrewsbury, Litchfield, Cleveland, 
 the Lord Mordaunt, and Sir John Robinson, 
 with their several troops of the chiefest nobles 
 and gentry of the kingdom, and the General 
 with ten regiments of his best horse, besides 
 innumerable companies of people that flocked 
 from all the adjacent counties. On Blackheath, 
 near Greenwich, he was met by Major-General 
 Brown, with a gallant company of young citi- 
 zens and others, &c.; and at Southwark he was 
 met by. the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and three 
 
230 
 
 hundred citizens in velvet coats and gold chains 
 representing the several companies, and enter- 
 tained with a collation in a tent erected on pur- 
 pose ; and from thence about five o'clock in the 
 afternoon he rode into the City between his two 
 brothers, the' streets being on one side beset 
 with the several companies in their gowns, and 
 on the other with soldiers, the windows adorned 
 with tapestry and other hangings, the conduits 
 running with wine, and the people testifying 
 their joy with incessant shoutings and acclama- 
 tions. 
 
 Arriving at Whitehall, the Speakers of both 
 Houses congratulated his return in two solemn 
 speeches, to which his Majesty answered, that 
 the people's acclamation (together with his jour- 
 ney), though grateful to him as demonstrations 
 of affection, had so disordered him, that he could 
 not give such an answer as he desired. But 
 they should find him a sincere defender of the 
 law^ and liberties of the people, and the Par- 
 liament should not be more ready to ask his 
 consent to any thing fitting to be done than he 
 would be to grant it. After which he retired 
 out of the Banqueting House to his lodgings. 
 
 Thus we have traced out all the principal ac- 
 tions of this great King's life, in his infancy. 
 
231 
 
 youth, and manhood, to this present, as well in 
 his own territories as beyond the seas, and 
 withal given an account of the most considerable 
 events here in England during the oligarchy of 
 the late Long Parliament, and the tyranny of 
 Oliver Cromwell. In all which we have en- 
 deavoured to give an impartial relation with as 
 much brevity as the smallness of this volume 
 (containing more strange occurrences than have 
 happened in some ages) would permit. May 
 the God of Heaven, who of his infinite and un- 
 deserved mercy towards these poor nations 
 hath restored his Majesty to his dominions, 
 long preserve his sacred person for the good 
 both of Church and Commonwealth, and mul- 
 tiply the years of his reign in honour and pros- 
 perity. 
 
 Glory be to God mi High ; and on Earth peace 
 and good will towards Men, 
 
NOTES. 
 
 HENRIETTA-MARIA —Se^ p. 6. 
 
 The Queen-mother, Henrietta-Maria, returned to England 
 in 1660, after an absence of about nineteen years. She 
 declared, upon her re-entering Somerset House, " that if she 
 had known the temper of the English some years past, as 
 well as she did then, she had never been obliged to leave 
 that house." She exerted herself with her usual vehemence 
 against the marriage of the Duke of York with Anne Hyde, 
 which she was determined to prevent or annul. She also 
 expressed the strongest dislike to those ministers who had 
 the greatest share of the royal confidence and favour. On 
 a sudden she appeared to be reconciled to the match and 
 to acquiesce in the ministry. This was imputed to a soothing, 
 or, to speak more properly, an intimidating letter, sent her 
 by Cardinal Mazarine. 
 
 Upon the breaking out of the Plague in 1665, she retired 
 to France, where she died in August 1669, in the sixtieth 
 year of her age. It appears from Sir John Reresby's " Me- 
 moirs," that she was secretly married to Henry Jermyn, Earl 
 of St. Albans. 
 
 JAMES, DUKE OF YORK.— See p. 7. 
 
 The Puke of York, ibough'he had a quick relish for plea- 
 sure, followed business with that closeness of application 
 
234 NOTES. 
 
 which the King his brother wanted ; and wanted himself that 
 quickness of apprehension, that natural sagacity and appa- 
 rent benevolence of temper, which was so conspicuous in 
 the King. His notions of government were as erroneous as 
 those of his father and grandfather ; and the large steps 
 which his brother took towards arbitrary power, were in a 
 great measure owing to his instigation. He was, what rarely 
 happens, revengeful and valiant almost in the same degree ; 
 and displayed such courage in the first Dutch war, as ren- 
 dered him more popular than all the other acts of his life. 
 His bigotry to the Roman Catholic religion, which was still 
 increasing with his years, had the strongest influence upon 
 his conduct; and at length prompted him to such measures 
 as were condemned by the sober and judicious of all religions. 
 On the Revolution in 1688, the Duke of York, then James the 
 Second, fled to France, where the Palace of St. Germains 
 was assigned him, and where he died, Sept. 6, 1701. 
 
 HENRY, DUKE OF GLOUCESTER.—See p. 7. 
 
 Henry Duke of Gloucester, at the King»s last interview 
 with his children, discovered an understanding and sensibility 
 far beyond his years. The solemn advice of his father sunk 
 deep into his mind ; and his conduct in life was much more 
 conformed to it, than the conduct of either of his brothers. 
 After the King's death, it was advised by one of Cromwell's 
 friends, that he should be bound out to some good trade, 
 that so he might get his bread honestly. He was, however, 
 permitted, or rather forced, to leave the kingdom with very 
 slender accommodations, to follow the fortunes of the Royal 
 
NOTES. 235 
 
 Family, who were then miserable dependants on the Crown 
 of France. The Duke of Gloucester did not long survive the 
 Restoration of his brother, dying Sept. 13, 1660, at the age 
 of twenty-one. The King had an extraordinary affection 
 for him ; and was observed to be more deeply affected at his 
 death, than with any calamity that had ever befallen him. 
 
 MARY, THE PRINCESS OF ORANGE.— See p. 7. 
 
 The Princess of Orange, who was esteemed the most for- 
 tunate of the family of Charles the First, had, from the good- 
 ness and tenderness of her nature, a deep share in all the 
 miseries of the Royal Family. She was more than a sister to 
 the King her brother, she was the friend of his adversity, 
 and was a conspicuous proof that the mild virtues are not 
 inconsistent with fortitude ; as she bore the loss of a father 
 and a husband, whom she entirely loved, with patience, and 
 even magnanimity. She came into England, to congratulate 
 her brother upon his Restoration, and died soon after her 
 arrival, of the small-pox, and was interred in Henry the 
 Seventh's Chapel, Westminster Abbey, the 31st of December, 
 1660. 
 
 THE PRINCESS ELIZABETH.— See p. 94. 
 
 The Princess Elizabeth, in her childhood, discovered a 
 maturity of judgment rarely seen in women. She could hold 
 a conversation with her father upon persons and things, and 
 svmpathized with him in his misfortunes. The troubles and 
 death of the King are supposed to have put an early period 
 
236 NOTES. 
 
 to her life. She died at Carisbrook Castle, the eighth of 
 September, 1650, in the fifteenth year of her age, and was 
 buried at Newport in the Isle of Wight. It has been asserted 
 in print, that she was bound apprentice to a glover of that 
 place, and worked at his trade; but this is sufficiently. contra- 
 dicted by Fuller in his "Worthies" in Westminster, p. 239. 
 
 THE DUTCHESS OF ORLEANS.— See p. 8. 
 
 Henrietta-Maria, youngest daughter of Charles the First, 
 and wife to Philip Duke of Orleans, only brother of Lewis 
 XIV. was a woman of uncommon sense and vivacity, and in 
 readiness of wit superior to the King her brother. She is 
 said to have attracted the particular notice of Lewis, at the 
 time that he extended his conquests over the ladies of his 
 court, with as much rapidity as his generals did over the 
 Spanish ferritories in the Netherlands. She came over to 
 England to attach her brother to the French interest, and 
 concluded a private treaty with him against the Dutch, which 
 was much more for the advantage of Lewis than of Charles, 
 but equally to the dishonour of both. The Duke her hus- 
 band was certainly jealous of her, and even suspected that 
 too great familiarities had passed betwixt her and her brother. 
 He is said to have caused her to be poisoned soon after her 
 return to France. She died June 30, 1670, aged 25. 
 
 FRANCIS, LORD COTTINGTON.— See p. 13. 
 
 Francis, Lord Cottington, who was Chancellor and Under- 
 
 Treasurer of the Exchequer, and Master of the Court of 
 
 Wards, was, during the civil wars, constituted Lord High 
 
 Treasurer; but does not; appear to have acted in that 
 
NOTES. 237 
 
 office. In the reign of James the First, he was long resi- 
 dent in Spain, and had much of the Spanish solemnity in 
 his air and aspect. He had the greatest command of his 
 temper and countenance, could say the pleasantest things 
 with the gravest face ; and was as great a master of dis- 
 simulation, as he was of humour. He, from experience, 
 had a great knowledge of mankind ; had a head fertile in 
 expedients to procure money for the King; and raised the 
 revenue of the Court of Wards higher than ever it was known 
 in any former period. Having acquired an affluent fortune, 
 he retired towards the close of his life to Valladolid in Spain, 
 where he died about the year 1651, in the seventy-seventh 
 year of his age. 
 
 JAMES, DUKE OF HAMILTON.— See p. 40. 
 
 James, Duke of Hamilton, who was at the head of the mo- 
 derate Presbyterians in Scotland, was much in the favour and 
 confidence of Charles I. He was accused by his enemies of a 
 design upon the King's life ; but the King gave so little credit 
 to it, that he made no scruple of lying afterward in the same 
 bedchamber with him, without using any precautions for his 
 safety. He was so dilatory in his military proceedings, that 
 he was strongly suspected of treachery to that prince, in 
 whose cause he afterward lost his life. In 1648 he invaded 
 England with a numerous army, which was presently defeated 
 by Cromwell and Lambert, the latter of whom took him pri- 
 soner. Beheaded, the 9th of March, 1648-9. 
 
 WILLIAM, DUKE OF HAMILTON— See p. 128. 
 WiUiam, Duke of Hamilton, who was a man of too much 
 spirit to be neuter in the divisions of his country, was. 
 
2^ NOTES. 
 
 in the civil war, carried by the popular current ' much 
 farther than he intended to go. In his character were 
 united the accomplishments of the gentleman, with the 
 openness and sincerity of the soldier. In the battle of 
 Worcester, he gave the strongest proofs of his courage 
 and loyalty. He died of a shot in the leg, which he re^ 
 ceived valiantly fighting for Charles the Second. In the 
 article of death, he expressed the highest satisfaction, that 
 he had the honour to lose his life in the King's service, and 
 thereby to wipe out the memory of his former transgressions, 
 which, he always professed, were odious to himself. He was 
 brother to the duke who was beheaded. He lived but a few 
 days after the battle, and died early in September 1651. 
 
 JAMES GRAHAM, MARQUESS OF MONTROSE. 
 
 See p. 57. 
 
 James Graham, Marquess of Montrose, was comparable 
 to the greatest heroes of antiquity. He undertook, against 
 every obstacle that could terrify a less enterprising genius, 
 to reduce the kingdom of Scotland to the obedience of the 
 King ; and his success was answerable to the greatness of 
 his undertaking. By a thousand efforts of stratagem and 
 valour, he, in a few months, effected his great design ; 
 but, for want of supplies, was forced to abandon his con- 
 quests. After the death of Charles, he, with a few men, 
 made a second attempt, but was presently defeated by a 
 numerous army. As he was leaving the kingdom in dis- 
 guise he was betrayed into the hands of the enemy by the 
 Lord Aston, his treacherous friend. He was carried to his 
 execution with every circumstance of indignity that wanton 
 cruelty could invent, and hanged upon a gibbet thirty feet 
 
NOTES. 239 
 
 high, with the book of his exploits appendant to his neck. 
 He bore his reverse of fortune with his usual greatness of 
 mind, and expressed a just scorn at the rage and insult of 
 his enemies. We meet with many instances of valour in the 
 active reign of Charles the First, but Montrose is the only 
 instance of heroism. He was executed May 2 1 , 1650. 
 
 GEORGE MONK, DUKE OF ALBEMARLE. 
 
 See p. 105. 
 
 George Monk, Duke of Albemarle, who had a very early 
 inclination to a military life, served in the Low Countries, 
 under the lords Oxford and Goring. In the Civil War, 
 he at first adhered to the King ; but having suffered a te- 
 dious imprisonment for his loyalty, he took the Covenant, 
 and entered into the service of the Parliament. He sig- 
 nalized himself at the battle of Dunbar, where he had 
 a principal share in that important victory. He was after- 
 ward employed by Cromwell in reducing Scotland, which he 
 did effectually, and had the chief management of affairs in 
 that kingdom. It is well known that he had the greatest 
 hand in the Restoration, and that his gallant behaviour on 
 board the fleet, in the Putch war, was almost without exam- 
 ple. He possessed talents both for peace and war ; but his 
 capacity was more adapted to the field than the cabinet. 
 He was created Duke of Albemarle July 7, 1660 ; and died 
 Jan. 3, 1670. 
 
 MRS. JANE LANE.— See p. 142. 
 
 Mrs. Jane Lane was a woman of uncommon sense and 
 spirit, and famous for assisting Charles the Second in his 
 
240 NOTES. 
 
 escape after the fatal battle of Worcester. The Royal Fugi- 
 tive, disguised in her father's livery, rode before her on 
 horseback, from Bently-Hall in Staffordshire, the seat of Mr. 
 Lane, about twelve miles from Boscobel-Wood, to Mr. Nor- 
 ton's, near Bristol. This adventure was conducted with such 
 singular address, that the King passed unnoticed through that 
 long journey. On their arrival at Bristol, the King went into 
 the kitchen, by the advice of his supposed mistress, the bet- 
 ter to conceal himself; and as he was standing by the fire- 
 side near the jack, the cook-maid desired him to wind it up ; 
 but he fumbling until the spit stood still, the maid struck 
 him, and calling him black blockhead, asked where the devil 
 he had lived, that he had not learned to wind up a jack ? 
 The King modestly replied with a blush, that he was a poor 
 tradesman's son, and had not been long in his lady's service. 
 Mrs. Lane was amply rewarded at the Restoration, and was 
 afterward married to Sir Clement Fisher, Baronet, of Pack- 
 ington-Hall in Warwickshire. 
 
 RICHARD PENDERELL.— See p. 135. 
 
 Richard Penderell, and his brother William, were chiefly 
 instrumental to the escape of Charles the Second after the 
 fatal battle of Worcester. There were six brothers of this 
 family, who rented little farms on the borders of Stafford- 
 shire, and were frequently employed as labourers in cutting 
 down timber. The King took shelter the first night after his 
 escape at White-Ladies, a house belonging to the Penderell's, 
 about twenty miles from Worcester. Here he cut his hair 
 short, and threw his clothes into a privy. Richard went 
 with him into the wood, where he was concealed a whole 
 
NOTES. 241 
 
 day, during which time he had nothing to cat or drink. He 
 afterward attended him many miles on foot, and came back 
 with him to one of his brother's houses, where he found Ma- 
 jor Careless, who accompanied him in Boscobel-Wood, where 
 they concealed themselves in an oak. The Penderells were 
 among the small number of Loyalists who were rewarded 
 after the Restoration, Richard died February 8, 1671, and 
 lies buried in the church-yard of St. Giles's in the Fields, 
 where a monument is erected to his memory. 
 
 R 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Aberdeen, 83. 89. 103, 104. 153. 
 
 Acton, Thomas, 120. 
 
 Adams, Alderman, 27. 
 
 Albans, St 27. 221. 
 
 Amsterdam, 74. 
 
 Andrews, Colonel Eusebius, 95. 101. 
 
 Andrews, St. 153. 
 
 Anne of Austria, 156. 
 
 Annesley, Mr. 224. 
 
 Antwerp, 165. 
 
 Ardes, Lord, 55. 
 
 Argyle, Marquess of, 102. 109. 155. 
 
 Armorer, William, 133. * 
 
 Ascham, Anthony, 91. 
 
 Ash, Edward, 38. 
 
 Ashbumham, John, 21. 28. 175. 
 
 Ashenhurst, Colonel, 135. 
 
 Ashton, Edward, 208. 
 
 Aston, Lord, 79. 
 
 Aston, Sir Arthur, 55. 
 
 Athol, Earl of, 95. 176. 
 
 Austria, Don John of, 198. 203. 209. 
 
 Ayscough, Sir George, 57. 
 
 r2 
 
244 INDEX. 
 
 Bagaley, Mr. 175. 
 
 Bailey, Major, 175. 
 
 Balcarris, Lord, 155. 
 
 Bampfield, Colonel, 29. 
 
 Barbon's Bridge, 132. 
 
 Barnstaple, 20. 
 
 Basset, Colonel, 17. 
 
 Batten, Vice- Admiral, 36. 
 
 Bayonne, 219. 
 
 Beaufort, Duke of, 149. 159. 
 
 Bedinguen, 180. 
 
 Bendish, Sir Thomas, 106. 
 
 Ben-Israel Manasseh, 196. 
 
 Benson, Mr. 101. 
 
 Bentlei/, near Walsal, 142. 144. 
 
 Berghen-oprnZoom, 71. 
 
 Berkley, Lord, 27. 
 
 Berkley, Sir John, 28. 62. 
 
 Berwick, 105. 110. 217. 
 
 Betteley, John, 208. 
 
 Beudleyf 151, 
 
 Bilstrop, Notts, 137. 
 
 Birch, Colonel, 114. 
 
 Blague, Thomas, 133. 137. 
 
 Blackheath, 32. 
 
 Blacknesse, 108. 
 
 Blake, Admiral, 91. 108. 153. 165. 192. 
 
 Blakestone, Mr. 38. 
 
 Blount, Robert, 120. 
 
 Blunt, Sir Walter, 119. 
 
 Bohemia, Queen of, 73. 228. 
 
 Bointon, Colonel, 120. 
 
 Bolton, in Lancashire, 137. 153. 
 
INDEX. 245 
 
 Bonne, 193. 
 
 Booth, Sir George, 213. 224. 
 
 Bordeaux y 157. 
 
 Borcel, Monsieur, 170. 
 
 Boscobel House, 133, 134. 138. 14iJ, 143. 
 
 Bosvil, Major, 22. 
 
 Bradshaw, John, 45, 46. 
 
 Brainford, Lord, 29. 
 
 jBrcrffl, 67. 69. 71. 85. 225. 
 
 Bridges, Mr. James, 119. 
 
 Brighthelmstone, 148. 
 
 Bristol^ 142. 147. 148. 219. 
 
 Broady, Mr. 71. 
 
 Broghil], Lord, 55. 
 
 Brook, Peter, 214. 
 
 Broomhall, in Staffordshire, 141 . 
 
 Brown, Sir John, 96. 
 
 Brown, Major-General, 45. 111. 112. 229. 
 
 Bruges, 170. 198. 225. 
 
 Brunt Island, 112. 
 
 Bruxelles, 193. 198. 209. 214. 225. 
 
 Buchan, Lord, 100. 
 
 Buckingham, Duke of, 30. 42. 110. 130. 133. 137. 229, 
 
 Bunhury, in Cheshire, 137. 
 
 Bunce, Alderman, 27. 
 
 Burford, Oxon, 57. 
 
 Burleigh, Lord, 107. 
 
 Burley, Laird of, 71. 
 
 Bushel, Captain Brown, 106. 
 
 Byron, Lord, 59. 
 
 Caithness, 76. 
 Calais, 220. 
 
246 INDEX. 
 
 Calendar, Earl of, 109. 
 
 Camhray^ 173. 
 
 Cant, Mr. 106. 
 
 Canterbury y 229. 
 
 Capel, Lord, 15, 16. 20. 36. 61. 
 
 Caracene, Marquess of, 203. 
 
 Carew, Mr. 188, 189. , 
 
 Carishrook Castle, 28. 94. 189. 
 
 Carlis, Colonel, 127. 140. 143, 144. 
 
 Carlisle, 113. 
 
 Carnwarth, Earl of, 73. 129. 
 
 Carteret, Sir George, 56. 59. 
 
 Cassilis, Earl of, 71, 72. 
 
 Chaliot, 160. 
 
 Chantilly, 169. 
 
 Charles I., 5. 9. 11. 18. 22. 28. 45. 49. 
 
 Charles II., 5. 11. 18. 23. 28. 29. 39. 44. 50. 68. 102. 149, 
 
 &c. 
 Charles Lewis, Elector Palatine, 194. 
 Charles Gustavus, King of Sweden, 193. 
 Chatillon, 172, 173. 
 Chester, 118. 136. 
 Chiesy, Lord, 97. 
 Chirk Castle, 118. 187. 
 Christina, Queen of Sweden, 75. 193. 
 Clanduboys, Lord, 55. 
 Clare, Sir Ralph, 120. * 
 Clarges, Sir Thomas, 228. 
 Cleveland, Lord, 59. 127. 131. 150. 229. 
 Cleypole, Mr. 209. 
 Cleypole, Mrs. 209. 
 Cobham House, Kent, 229. 
 Cobbet, Colonel, 226. 
 
INDEX. 247 
 
 Cochran, Colonel, 75. 
 
 Colburn, Colonel, 108. 
 
 Colchester, 36. 40. 43. 
 
 Cologne, 157. 179, 180. 184. 192, 193. 195. 198. 
 
 Commons, House of, 166, 167. 
 
 Compton, Sir William, 33. 207. 
 
 Colt, Mr. 220. 
 
 Conde, Prince of, 156, 157. 172. 203. 
 
 Coningsteiny 194. 
 
 Constantinople, 106. 
 
 Cook, Mr. 110. 178. 
 
 Coot, Sir Charles, 56. 
 
 Comet Castle, Guernsey, 56. 
 
 Cottington, Lord, 13. 62. 
 
 Courtney, Richard, 188, 189. 
 
 Crawford, Lord, 100. 
 
 Crawford, Undsey, 24. 
 
 Creed, Major, 226. 
 
 Crofts, Mr. 105. 181. 
 
 Cromwell, Oliver, 43. 55. 91, 92. 109, 110, 111, 112. 122. 
 
 152, &c. 
 Cromwell, Richard, 206. 210. 
 Cromwell, Henry, 211. 
 Crook, Captain, 188. 
 CuUum, Alderman, 27. 
 Culpepper, Lord, 29. 163. 
 Cumberland, Earl of, 11. 
 
 Dalkeith, Lady, 21. 
 
 Darcy, Laird of, 85. 
 
 Darcy, Marmaduke, 133. 187. 
 
 Deal Castle, 39. 
 
 Deane, Major-General, 161. 169. 
 
248 INDEX. 
 
 Ded up, Lord, 97. 100. 
 
 Denmark, King of, 163, 164. 
 
 Derby, Earl of, 114. 120. 133. 136. 142. 150. 214. 
 
 Derby, Countess of, 153. 
 
 Desborougb, General, 211. 216. 
 
 Dieppe^ 149. 
 
 Dorislaus, Dr. Isaac, 91. 
 
 Dorset, Countess of, 8. 
 
 Dorty in Holland, ^Q. 
 
 Dover, 229. 
 
 Dover Castle y^^. 
 
 Douglas, Mr. Robert, 102, 103. 
 
 Drake, Mr. 110. 
 
 Drummond, Colonel, 128. 
 
 Dublin y 51. 54. 
 
 Duckenfield, Colonel, 153. 
 
 Dudley, Sir Gamaliel, 33. 
 
 Dumhath Castle, 77. 
 
 Dumferling, Earl of, 105. 
 
 Dunbar, 93. 124. 129. 
 
 Dunbarton, J 08. 177. 
 
 Dundee, 83. 89. 108. 
 
 DmwAjiVA:, 161. 191.203. 
 
 Duppa, Dr. 8. 
 
 Duram, Mr. 106. 
 
 Dusseldorpy 180. 
 
 Edinburgh, 61. 67. 76. 79. 83. 105. 108. 
 Edinburgh Castle, 95. 
 Edinburgh- Cross, 83. 10 1 . 
 Edward, Prince Palatine, 172, 173. 
 Edward II., 20. 
 Edward III., 20. 39. 
 
INDEX. 249 
 
 Egerton, Major-General Ranulph, 214. 
 
 Eglesfield, Francis, 4. 
 
 Eglington, Earl, 102. 108. 
 
 Elizabeth, Princess, 94. 
 
 Elliot, Mr. 121. 
 
 Ellis, Mr. 176. 
 
 Essex, Earl of, 12. 
 
 Evelin, Sir John, 38. 
 
 Ewer, Colonel, 44. 
 
 Exchange, The Old, 106. 119. 
 
 Exeter, 20, 21. 189. 
 
 Fairfax, General, 14. 16, 17, 18. 21. 27. 31. 33. 35. 91. 
 
 115. 
 Falconbridge, Viscount, 206. 
 Falkland, Lord, 195. 
 Fanshaw, Richard, 129. 
 Farrell, Lieutenant-General, 55. 
 Featherstonhaugh, Sir Timothy, 121. 
 Fenwick, Colonel, 105. 
 Fines, Mr. 201. 
 Fitzherbert, Mr. 133. 
 Fleetwood, General, 122. 179. 211. 217. 
 Fleming, Sir William, 60. 150. 
 Forbes, Sir Arthur, 176. 
 Fotherby, Sidney, 175. 
 Fox, Somerset, 175. 
 Frankfort Fair, 193. 
 Frederick, King of Bohemia, 6. 
 Frendraught, Lord, 78. 
 Fuensaldagne, Count, 198. 
 
 Galliard, Colonel, 121. 
 
250 INDBX. 
 
 Gayer, Sir Jobn« 27. 
 
 Gerard, Lord, 59. 
 
 Gerard, Sir Gilbert, 175. 
 
 Gerard, Colonel, 121. 175, 176. 
 
 Germains, St, 54. 56. 160. 
 
 Germany, Emperor of, 62. 
 
 Gibbons, Mr. 110. 
 
 Giffard, Mr. 134. 136. 
 
 Giffard, Charles, 133. 
 
 Glasgow y 83. 
 
 Glencairn, Lord, 103. 176, 177. ' 
 
 Glenham, Sir Thomas, 21. 29. 
 
 Gloucester, Henry, Duke of, 7. 49. 162. 164. 180. 192. 194, 
 
 195. 197. 205. 228. 
 Glyn, Serjeant, 175. 189. 201. 
 Goodwin, Thomas, 174. 209. 
 Goring, Lord, 14. 29. 35. 
 Greenvile, Sir Richard, 165. 
 Greenvile, Sir John, 226, 227. 
 Greenwich, 10. 35. 
 Grey, Lord, of Groby, 122. 151. 
 Grey, Colonel, 78. 
 Grimstone, Sir Harbottle, 226. 
 Groves, Captain Hugh, 188, 189. 
 Guise, Duke of, 14-9. 
 Guthry, Mr. 106. 
 Guyes, a Tailor, 123. 
 
 Hacker, Colonel, 188. 
 
 Hague, The, 43. 73. 163. 165. 
 
 Hair, Colonel, 153. 
 
 Hales, Sir Edward, 30. 33. 
 
 Hamilton, James, Duke of, 6. 40, 41. 52. 58. 67. 92. 109. 
 
INDEX. 251 
 
 Hamilton, William, Duke of, 128. 
 
 Hamilton; Sfr James, 127. 132. 
 
 Hammond, Lieutenant-Colonel, 28. 44. 
 
 Hampton Court, 10. 27, 28. 209. 
 
 Harcourt, Count, 157. 
 
 Haro, Don Lewis de, 215. 219, 220. 
 
 Harris, Sir Thomas, 187. 
 
 Harrison, Major-General, 113, 114. 122. 188, 189. 
 
 Harvey, Colonel, 37. 
 
 Hatton, Lord, 184. 
 
 Hatton, Serjeant, 189. 
 
 Hawley, Mr. 137. 
 
 Hay, Sir Francis, 78. 85. 
 
 Hazlerig, Sir Arthur, 2 IG. 218. 226. 
 
 Henrietta-Maria, 5. 14. 21. 24. 29. 59. 64. 149. 160. 172. 
 
 180, 181. 
 Henry, Prince, son of James I., 14. 
 Henry IV. of France, 5. 
 Hertford, Marquess of, 12, 13. 
 Hewit, Dr. John, 207. 
 Hewson, Colonel, 36. 56. 
 Hexham Moor, 188. 
 Heydelberg, 173. 
 Holburn, Colonel, 111. 
 Holland, Earl of, 30. 42. 61. 
 Mollis, Denzil, 27. 224. 
 Holmby House, 26. 
 Holstein, Duke of, 74. 
 Hopton, Lord, 15, 16, 17. 29. 170. 
 Hornyold, Thomas, 120. 
 Hotham, Sir John, 10. 
 Howard, Lord, of Esericke, 116. 
 Howard, Sir Cecil, 116. 
 
252 INDEX. 
 
 Howard, Mr. Charles, 129. 
 Huddlestone, Mr. 145, 146. 
 Hull, 10. 225. 
 Hume Cattle, 105. 
 HunsdoD, Lord, 27. 
 Huntley, Marquess of, 154. 
 Hurst Castle, 44. 
 Hyde, Sir Henry, 106. 
 
 Inchiquin, Lord, 29. 51. 
 Ingoldsby, Richard, 226. 
 Ireton, General, 162. 179. 
 
 Jameses J St,2\. 
 
 Jeffries, Mr. 71. 
 
 Jenkins, Mr. 110. 
 
 Jermin, Lord, 56. 
 
 Jones, Lieutenant-General, 51. 
 
 Jones, Captain, 129. 188. 
 
 Joyce, Cornet, 26. 
 
 Keinton, 12. 
 
 Keith, Colonel George, 125. 
 Kendrick, John, 153. 
 Kenmore, Lord, 150. 
 Kerre, Colonel, 52. 96. 
 Key th. Sir William, 123. 
 
 Kidderminster y 132. 
 
 Kilmurrey, Lord, 214. 
 
 King, General, 75. 
 
 Kingston, in Surry, 27. 
 
 Kinnard, Lord, 176. ' 
 
 Knightly, Mr. 38. 
 
INDEX. 253 
 
 Knotsford, Francis, 120. 
 Knox, ^lajor, 124. 
 
 Lambert, Major-General, 43. 100. Ill, 112, 113, 114. 161. 
 
 211,212. 215.225. 
 Lane, Colonel John, 142. 146. 
 Lane, Mr. 136. 
 Lane, Richard, 133. 
 
 Lane, Mrs. Jane, Dedication, 142. 147. 162. 
 Langdale, Sir Marmaduke, 29. 165. 
 Langham, Alderman, 27. 
 Langhorn, Major-General, 31. 
 Laud, Archbishop, 6. 
 
 Lauderdale, Earl of, 24. 88. 133. 137. 150. 
 Lanceston, 17. 
 Lawson, Admiral, 218. 
 Lawson, Mr. 72. 
 Leicester, 11. 
 
 Leighton, Sir William, 207. 
 Legg, Colonel, 28. 121. 
 Leith, Lord, 100. 
 
 Lenthall, William, 119- 153. 185. 201. 
 tesley. General David, 76, 77. 79. 96. 99. 104. 126. 133. 
 
 136. 150. 
 Leven, Earl of, 90. 152. 
 Leventhorp, Sir Thomas, 214. 
 Leveston, Lord, 136, 137. 
 Lewis XIII. , 5. 
 
 Lewis XIV., 56. 149. 154. 172. 
 Leyda, Marquess of, 190. 205. 
 Leyden, 165. 
 Liege, 173. 
 Lilburne, Colonel, 108. 120. 133. 188. 
 
254 INDEX. 
 
 Limerick, 179. 
 
 Lincoln, Earl of, 27. 39. 
 
 Lincoln, 11. 
 
 Lindsey, Earl of, 12. 
 
 Lisens, Thomas, 119. 
 
 Lisle, Sir George, 33. 
 
 Lisle, John, President, 175. 189. 201. 
 
 Litchfield, Earl of, 229. 
 
 Lithgow, 111. 
 
 Littleton, Lord Keeper, 13* 
 
 Littleton, Sir Henry, 187. 
 
 Lockhart, General, 203, 204. 
 
 London, 10. 36. 44. 51. 118. 137. 187. 200. 
 
 Longford, near Newport, 137. 
 
 Longueville, Duke of, 149. 156. 
 
 Lome, Lord, 103. 
 
 Lorrain, Duke of, 157. 1^9. 
 
 Lothian, Lord, 71. 
 
 Love, Mr. 110. 
 
 Lovel, Mr. 180. 
 
 Loudon, Chancellor, 26. 80. 107. 
 
 LouvrCf The, 149. 
 
 Lucas, Sir Charles, 30. 36. 
 
 Lumsden, Colonel, 93. 
 
 Mackworth, Colonel, 116. 118. 
 Madely, in Shropshire, 139. 142. 
 Maidstone^ 35. 
 Maleverer, Sir Richard, 188. 
 Mallery, Mr. 208. 
 Man, Isle of, 110. 114. 120. 
 Manchester, 120. 
 Manchester, Earl of, 226. 
 
INDEX. 255 
 
 Mardikcy 203. 
 
 Mary, Princess of Orange, 7. 43. 47. 53. 94. 165. 179. 195. 
 
 Mary de Medicis, 6. 
 
 Marshall, Stephen, 174. 
 
 Massey, Major-General, 27. 100. 104.109, 110. 115.122. 
 
 151. 214. 
 Matthews, Nathaniel, 137. 
 Maurice, Prince, 16. 19. 170. 
 Mauris, St. 189. 
 May, Hugh, 133. 137. 
 Maynard, Lord, 27. 
 Maynard, Sir John, 27. 
 Mazarine, Cardinal, 21. 56. 156, 157, 158. 171, 172. 183. 
 
 197. 214. 220. 
 Mentz, Elector of, 193. 
 Mervin, Colonel, 55. 
 Middlesex, Earl of, 27. 
 
 Middleton, Major-General, 96. 118. 123. 150. 176, 177. 213. 
 Militiere, M. 163 
 Modena, Duke of, 198. 
 Monk, Colonel, 105. 108. 113. 152. 155. General, 177. 
 
 216. 219. 220. 224. 226. 
 Monroe, Lieutenant-General, 177. 
 Montgomery, Sir James, 58. 93. 97. 108. 
 Montgomery, General Robert, 125. 
 Montpensier, Dutchess of, 156. 
 Montagu, Lord, 163. 
 Montagu, General, 224. 228. 
 Montague, Walter, 181. 183, 184. 
 Montmediy 202. 
 Montrose, Marquess of, 57, 58. 60. 64. 67. 73, 74. 77. 79, 
 
 80. 82. 84. 86. 
 Moorfields, 119. 
 
256 INDEX. 
 
 Mordaunt, John, 207, 208. 
 Mordaunt, Lord Viscount, 226. 229. 
 Morgan, Colonel, 177, 178. 
 Morley, Colonel, 216. 
 Mosely, Quarter-Master-General, 129. 
 Murray, Mr. 73. 
 Murrey, Sir Mungo, 176. 
 
 Neile, Sir William, 214. 
 
 Neufville, M, Bordeaux de, 165. 171* 
 
 Newark, 11. 21. 
 
 Newburgh, Lord, 180. 193. 
 
 Newcastle, 23. 25. 28. 221, 
 
 Newdigate, Serjeant, 189. 
 
 Newmarket, 10. 
 
 Newport, Lord, 170. 187. 195. 
 
 Newport, 134. 136. 
 
 Newport' Pagnel, 214. 
 
 Nicholas, Serjeant, 189. 
 
 North, Lord, 39. 
 
 Northampton, Earl of, 229. 
 
 Northampton, 225. 
 
 Norwich, Earl of, 193. 229. 
 
 Norwich, 101. 
 
 Nye, Philip, 174. 
 
 Oaf lands, 21. * 
 
 Ogleby, Lord, 95. 
 
 Ogilby, Colonel John, 74. 
 
 Okey, Colonel, 111. 
 
 Orange, Henry-Frederick, Prince of, 24, 
 
 Orange, William, second Prince of, 7. 24. 53. 73. 94. 
 
 Orange, Wilham, third Prince of, 7. 94. 
 
INDEX. 257 
 
 Orleans, Duke of, 22. 149. 157. 
 
 Orleans, Henrietta, Dutchess of, 8. 21. 
 
 Ormond, Marquess of, 24. 29. 51. 183, 184. 193. 219. 
 
 Overton, Colonel, 111. 207. 225. 
 
 Owen, Sir John, 31. 
 
 Oxford, Earl of, 175. 
 
 Oxford, 12. 16. 18, 19, 20, «1. 
 
 Pack, Alderman, 201. 
 
 Packington, Sir John, 119. 129.187. 
 
 Painted Chamber, 185, 186. 
 
 Palmer, Sir Henry, 29. 
 
 Paris, 154. 157. 162. 169, 170. 172. 180, 181. 
 
 Pavia, 192. 
 
 Penderel, William, 134. 141, 142, 143. 145. 
 
 Penderel, Richard, 135. 138, 139. 144. 
 
 Penderel, John, 135. 144, 145. 
 
 Penderel, George, 135. 144, 145 
 
 Penderel, Humphry, 135. 144. 
 
 Pendennis, 17. 
 
 Penn, Admiral, 191. 
 
 Penruddock, Colonel, 188, 189 
 
 Percy, Lord, 59. ' 
 
 Peterborough, Earl of, 30. 
 
 Peters, Hugh, 174. 
 
 Philip IV. of Spain, 62, 63. 
 
 Pitscotty, General, 129. 
 
 Pontoise, 180, 181. 
 
 Portland Castle, 189. 
 
 Portsmouth, 218. 
 
 Portugal, King of, 14. 
 
 Powel, Sir Thomas, 214. 
 
 Powel, Colonel, 30, 31, 
 
 s 
 
258 INDEX, 
 
 Poyer, Colonel, 30, 31, 32. 
 Prideaux, Mr. 176. 
 
 Reynolds, Colonel, 56. 202. 
 
 Rich, Colonel, 36. 
 
 Rich, Robert, 206. 
 
 Richmond, James, Duke of, 6. 13. 
 
 Richmond, Dutchess of, 6. 
 
 Roberts, Sir William, 175. 
 
 Robinson, Colonel, 121. 221. 
 
 Robinson, Sir John, 229. 
 
 Rochestery 35. 
 
 Roscarrock, Colonel, 121.183. 
 
 Rossiter, Colonel, 224. 
 
 Rothes, Lord, 129. 
 
 Rous, Francis, 167. 
 
 Rupert, Prince, 16. 19. 29. 91. 170. 194. 
 
 Russel, Colonel, 25. 
 
 Russel, John, 207. 
 
 Salisbury, 187. 189. 
 
 Salmonet, M. 163. 
 
 Salwey, Major, 162. 
 
 Sands, Colonel, 132. 
 
 Savoy, Charles-Emanuel, Duke of, 196. 
 
 Scheveling^ 89. 
 
 Scoone, 101. 
 
 Scot, Thomas, 38. 221. 
 
 Scroop, Colonel, 36. 
 
 Seaforth, Earl of, 76. 88. 109. 176. 
 
 Seymour, Lord, 46, 47. 
 
 Shrefnal, 142. 
 
 Sheldon, Ralph, 120. 
 
INDEX. 259 
 
 Shrewsbury, Earl of, 229. 
 
 Shrewshuryy 116. 187. 
 
 Shrewsbury Castle^ 117. 
 
 Sibbald, Colonel, 85. 
 
 Simpson, Sydney, 174. 
 
 Sinclair, Lord, 129. 
 
 Slingsby, Sir Henry, 207, 208. 
 
 Slingsby, Colonel, 62. 
 
 Smith, Sir John, 71. 
 
 Snead, Mr. 121. 
 
 Soissons, Count of, 156. 
 
 Southampton, Countess-Dowager of, 28. 
 
 Southmolton, 188. 
 
 Spaw, 173. 179. 
 
 Spotswood, Colonel, 85. 
 
 Spyne, Lord, 150. 
 
 Stamford, Earl of, 151. 214. 
 
 Stamford, Countess of, 151. 
 
 Stanhope, Lady, 193. 
 
 Steel, Serjeant, 189. 
 
 Steel, Mr. 175. 
 
 Sterry, Peter, 174. 
 
 Stirling, 83. 99. 104. 108. 111. 113. 
 
 Stirling Castlcy 152. 
 
 Stowell, Sir John, 167. 
 
 Strafford, Wentworth, Earl of, 9. 
 
 Stratton, 17. 
 
 Strangham, Colonel, 52. 76, 77. 93. 
 
 Street, Peter, 133. 
 
 Stuart, Sir Robert, 55. 
 
 Stuart, Lieuteuant-Colonel, 78. 
 
 Sturbridge, Staffordshire^ 134. 
 
 Sudbury. Gate, Worcester, 127. 
 
260 INDEX* 
 
 Suffolk, Earl of, 25. 27. 39. 
 Sunderland, Earl of, 77. 107. 
 Syndercomb, Miles, 200. 
 
 Taafe, Lord, 1*58. 
 
 Talbot, Francis, Lord, 119. 133. 137. 
 
 Talbot, Colonel, 127. 
 
 Tedsworth, 28. 
 
 Theobalds, 10. 
 
 Thorp, Serjeant, 189. 
 
 Throckmorton, Sir William, 121. 
 
 Thurloe, Secretary, 201. 
 
 Tichbourn, Alderman, 27. 162. 174, 175. 206. 
 
 Tilsey, Sir Thomas, 121. 
 
 Tolboothf Edinburgh^ 80. 
 
 Tong'Norton, 116. 
 
 Tong Castle, 133. 
 
 Torringtoriy 16. 
 
 Torwood,\\i. 
 
 Touchet, Mervin, Esq. 119. 
 
 Tower of London, 27. 151. 187. 195. 
 
 Tower Hill, 95. 
 
 Tresilian Bridge, 17- 
 
 Trimptallon Castle, 105. 
 
 Trollop, Colonel, 121. 
 
 Trump, Martin Van, 169. 
 
 Truro, 17. 
 
 Tudor, an Apothecary, 175. 
 
 Turenue, Marshal, 149. 157. 159. 173. 198. 
 
 Vandruske, Major-General, 150. 
 Vane, Sir Henry, 161. 217. 223 
 Venables, Colonel, 56. 191. 
 
INDEX. 204 
 
 Venant, St. 203. 
 Vendosine, Duke of, 165. 
 Villiers, Francis, Lord, 42. 
 ViUiers, Lady, 137. 
 Vowel, Peter, 175, 176. 
 
 Upton Bridge, 122. 
 
 Urrey, Major-General Sir John, 78. 85. 
 Usher, Bishop, 20. 
 
 Wagstaffe, Sir Joseph, 188. 
 Waller, Sir William, 27. 224. 
 Waller, Sir Hardres, 45. 
 Wallingf or d House, 2X6, 
 Walsal, 142. 
 Warreston, Lord, 97. 
 Warwick, Earl of, 39. 
 Warrington Bridge^ 114. 
 Washburn, John, 120. 
 W^aterhouse, Mr. 207. ' 
 Wentworth, Lord, 59. 71. 150. 163. 
 Wentworth, Sir Peter, 38. 
 Westminster Ahhey, 27. 210. 
 Westminster-Hall, 93. 129. 16S. 202. 
 Wei/caster, 120. 
 
 White Ladies, 134. 139. 142, 143. 
 Whitgreave, Mr. 135. 142. 145, 146. 
 Whitehcll, 46. 61. 201. 221, 222. 
 Whitlock, Bulstrode, 201. 
 Widdrington, Lord, 121. 
 Widdrington, Sir Thomas, 199. 
 Wigan, in Lancashire, 133. 
 Wigmore, Robert, 120. 
 
262 INDEX. 
 
 Wildinan, Major, 188. 
 
 Willis, Sir Richard, 207. 175. 
 
 Willoughby, of Parham, Lord, 27. 29. 57. 195. 
 
 Wilmot, Lord, 29. 59. 110. 130. 133. 135. 142. 144, 145. 
 
 163. 
 Windham, Serjeant, 189. 
 
 Windram, George, Laird of Libberton, 58. 61. 64. 
 Windsor Castle, 137. 
 Wood, Mr. 71. 
 Woolf, Mr. 140. 
 Woolf, Mrs. 140. 
 
 Worcester, 118, 119,120,121, 122.125. 134. 146.152. 160. 
 Wrexham, 118. 
 
 Yarmouth, Earl of, 56. 
 
 Yarmouth, 36. 162. 
 
 Yates, Francis, 133. 138. 144. 
 
 Youngstall, Lord, 170. 
 
 York, James, Duke of, 7. 10. 13. 19. 21,29. 44.47. 56. 183. 
 
 192. 197. 204, 205. 214. 220. 228. 
 York, 10. 
 
 Zanchy, Colonel, 56. 
 
 
 riinted hy J. F. Dove, St. John's Square. 
 
LIST OF PLATES. 
 
 Charles the Second, to face Title. page 
 
 Henri/, Duke of Gloucester 7 
 
 Henrietta, Dutchess of Orleans 8 
 
 Queen Henrietta- Maria 24 
 
 James^ Duke of Hamilton 40 
 
 James, Duke of York 56 
 
 Francis, Lord Cottington 62 
 
 Marquess of Montrose 74 
 
 Mary, Princess of Orange 94 
 
 Oliver Cromwell 110 
 
 William, Duke of Hamilton 128 
 
 William Penderel • • • 142 
 
 Jane Lane 162 
 
 Monk, Duke of Albemarle 220 
 
o 
 
THIS BOOK IS DITE ON THE LAST DATE 
 STAMPED BELOW 
 
 AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS 
 
 WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN 
 THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY 
 WILL INCREASE TO 50 CENTS ON THE FOURTH 
 DAY AND TO $T.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY 
 OVERDUE. 
 
 NQy_JBSU94^ 
 
 22;f,p('4VCP 
 
 6Nov'52CF 
 
 #nv 5 'ab2 Ul 
 
 lMar'59RHl 
 
 :T> '..D 
 
 LD 21-100m-12,'43 (8796s) 
 
M11601? 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF CAUFORNIA LIBRARY