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 • ... ^' . 
 
 PROMPTOUIUM PARVULORUM 
 SIVE CLERICORUM, 
 
 LEXICON ANGLO-LATINUM PRINCEPS, 
 
 AUCTORE 
 
 FRATRE GALFRIDO GRAMMATICO DICTO 
 
 E PREDICATORIBUS LENNE EPISCOPI, NORTHFOLCIEXSI, 
 
 A.D. CIRCA M.CCCC.XL. 
 
 OLIM E PRELIS PYNSONIANIS EDITUM, NUNC AB INTEGRO, 
 COMMENTARIOLIS SUBJECTIS, AD FIDEM CODICUM RECENSUIT 
 
 ALBERTUS WAY. 
 
 TOMUS PRIOR. 
 
 LONDINI: 
 
 SUMPTIBUS SOCIETATIS CAMDENENSIS. 
 
 M.DCCC.XL.III. 
 
 121358
 
 [no. XXV,]
 
 
 COUNCIL 
 
 OF 
 
 THE CAMDEN SOCIETY, 
 
 FOR THE YEAR 1842-3. 
 
 President, 
 THE RIGHT HON. LORD FRANCIS EGERTON, M.P. 
 
 THOMAS AMYOT, ESQ. F.R.S. Treas. SA. Director. 
 
 THE RIGHT HON. LORD BRAYBROOKE, F.SA. 
 
 JOHN BRUCE, ESQ. F.S.A., Treasurer. 
 
 JOHN PAYNE COLLIER, ESQ. F.S.A. 
 
 C. PURTON COOPER, ESQ. Q.C., D.C.L., F.R.S., F.S.A. 
 
 T. CROFTON CROKER, ESQ. F.S.A., M.R.I.A. 
 
 SIR HENRY ELLIS, K.H., F.R.S., Sec. S.A. 
 
 JAMES ORCHARD HALLIWELL, ESQ. F.R.S., F.S.A. 
 
 THE REV. JOSEPH HUNTER, F.S.A. 
 
 SIR FREDERICK MADDEN, K.H., F.R.S., F.S.A. 
 
 JOHN HERMAN MERIVALE, ESQ. F.S.A. 
 
 THE REV. LANCELOT SHARPE, M.A., F.S.A. 
 
 THOMAS STAPLETON, ESQ. F.S.A. 
 
 WILLIAM J. THOMS, ESQ. F.S.A., Secretary. 
 
 THOMAS WRIGHT, ESQ. M.A., F.S.A.
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 In producing this first portion of the Promptorium, the 
 Editor, having for various reasons been induced to withhold 
 for the present his more detailed Preface, feels it requisite to 
 offer a few preliminary observations. The present edition 
 is formed upon the text of the Harleian MS. 221, which 
 has been selected as the most ancient, the most correct, 
 and the most copious of the MSS. of which the existence 
 has hitherto been ascertained. The additions that have 
 been made from other MSS., and from Pynson's edition, 
 are numerous ; these, as likewise the corrections and 
 various readings, are distinguished from the text by being 
 placed within brackets, with the indication of the sources 
 whence they are severally derived. In a few instances, 
 where the reading of the Harl. MS. appeared so faulty 
 as to justify an alteration of the text, the rejected word 
 has been given in the notes ; but more frequently it has 
 been considered preferable to leave the reading of the 
 MS. unaltered, and to give the various reading, which at 
 once suggests the correction. The authorities whence
 
 VI ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 various readings have been taken, are indicated in the 
 following manner. MS. in the Library at King's College, 
 Cambridge, (k.) ; MS. in the collection of Sir Thomas 
 Phillipps, Bart, at Middle Hill, and formerly in the Heber 
 Library, (h.) ; MS. in the Chapter Library at "Winchester, 
 originally in the possession of Thomas Silkstede, Prior of 
 Winchester, A.D. 1498, (s.) A fragment contained in Harl. 
 MS, 2274, afforded a few readings, which are marked by 
 the number of the MS. The edition printed by Pynson, 
 in 1499, has supplied numerous additions and various 
 readings, distinguished thus, (p.) ; and a few, the critical 
 importance of which is but trifling, have been selected 
 from the editions by Juhan Notary, 1508, (j.) and W. de 
 Worde, 1516, (w\) The work was reproduced by the last 
 named printer in 1510, 1512, and 1528; but P}Tison's 
 text appears to have been followed in all the subsequent 
 editions, with partial abridgment chiefly of the Latin portion 
 of the work, and some trifling variations. 
 
 The integrity of the MS. selected as the groundwork 
 of the present edition ha\'ing thus been, in all essential 
 respects, preserved, the following mo(hfications have been 
 deemed advisable. The original consists of two distinct 
 portions, and alphabetical arrangements, a nominale, and 
 a verbale, according to the usage, of which other instances 
 occur in contemporary works of a similar nature. The 
 disadvantage of thus separating the verbs from the nouns, 
 and other parts of speech, was evidently material, and
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. VU 
 
 the arrangement has been sunpHfied by throwing the 
 whole into one alphabetical order. The indications of 
 genders, declensions, and conjugations, as likewise of 
 certain inflexions of the Latin words, w^hich conveyed 
 important information to the student of Latin, for whose 
 benefit the work was compiled, but are devoid of any 
 utility as regards the present purpose, have been wholly 
 omitted. Wherever it was practicable, the Latin words 
 have been corrected by reference to the authorities cited ; 
 in all other cases no attempt has been made to alter the 
 barbarisms of a debased Latinity, which, displeasing, 
 indeed, to the eye of the classical scholar, are not devoid 
 of information to the archaic student. 
 
 It has been found impossible to preserve the perfect 
 regularity of alphabetical arrangement, in consequence 
 of the disorder that had been introduced by the scribe, 
 who, writing more by ear than careful observation of 
 orthography, has in his transcript continually vitiated the 
 spelling of the original. To have corrected these cor- 
 ruptions, introduced by the second hand, would have 
 been incompatible with the principle of preserving, in its 
 integrity, the text of the MS. : the transposition of the 
 words w^ould have destroyed the evidence of their original 
 speUing indicated by the alphabetical arrangement. Some 
 words have, however, where it appeared advisable, been 
 transposed ; and if the Editor should be reproached with 
 an excess of caution in not making many alterations of
 
 Vlll ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 the kind, he hopes that the inconyenience will be ulti- 
 mately remedied by means of an orthographic Index, 
 which it is proposed to supply, wherein the reference to 
 words disguised by the most obsolete and uncouth spel- 
 Ung, may be effectually facilitated. The contractions 
 have throughout been printed at length, with the excep- 
 tion of the final m and n : these have been left in cases 
 where any question might arise as to their power. The 
 chief difficulty in this respect has occurred in regard to 
 the verbs, and although the Editor has little doubt that 
 the termination -nne was here intended by the contraction 
 ii, yet the irregularities of the spelling, and indications of 
 contraction, that occur in the MS., in this instance, have 
 induced him to leave these, and all questionable cases, to 
 the decision of those whom they may interest. In a 
 few instances where the contraction has appeared to be 
 redundant, or erroneous, it has been printed as it stands 
 in the MS., so that it may be rejected, or retained, at the 
 option of the reader. A prolongation of the last stroke 
 of the m or n, which occasionally, as it is believed, 
 denotes the mute final e, has been indicated in the 
 following manner, m', n'. It must also be noticed, 
 that y is to be sought in the place of i ; that sh is in- 
 variably written sell ; and that )?, which is occasionally, 
 by inadvertence of the scribe, written th, takes the pe- 
 nultimate place, usually assigned to it in the Anglo-Saxon 
 alpha])et. The letter 3 is found in the place of z, at the
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. IX 
 
 close of the alphabetical arrangement ; as. however, its 
 various and undefined powers would have been insuf- 
 ficiently represented by that letter, the Saxon character 
 has been retained, with the exception only of a very 
 small number of words, in which the letter having evi- 
 dently the simple and ordinary power of z, that character 
 has been employed. 
 
 In the selection of illustrative materials, the Editor has 
 sought to keep equally in view the curious character of 
 the work, as affording definite evidence of archaic usages, 
 and its philological importance. He has thought it also 
 more desirable to establish by contemporary evidence the 
 existence of an obsolete word, or show the immediate 
 source whence it was introduced into the language, than 
 to enter upon etymological speculations. 
 
 The Author excuses himself for the dialectical pecu- 
 liarities of his work, written in conformity with the lan- 
 guage of Norfolk, with which alone he was acquainted ; 
 a comparison, therefore, with the existing dialect of East 
 Anglia appeared to be desirable, and it has been carried out 
 as far as it was practicable. Of numerous contemporary or 
 ancient authorities, whence illustrations have been largely 
 drawn, several MSS. of the Latin-English Dictionary, en- 
 titled Medulla Grammatices, compiled, according to Bale, 
 by the same author as the Promptorium, have been chiefly 
 consulted, as likewise the same work in its printed form, 
 under the title of the Ortus Vocabulorum. Of the 
 Medulla Grammatices, or Grammatice, the MSS. which 
 
 CAMD. soc. h
 
 X ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 may especially be cited are, among several in the Harleian 
 Collection, those marked 2257 and 2270 ; two valuable 
 MSS. in the collection of Sir Thomas PhilHpps, Bart. 
 8244 and 8306 (MSS. Heber, 1020 and 1360) ; and the 
 MS. in the Chapter Library at Canterbury, which is the 
 more remarkable on account of the large number of cor- 
 responding Anglo-Saxon words, which have been added 
 in the margin, as it is supposed, by the hand of Somner. 
 A copy is also preserved in the Pepysian Library at Cam- 
 bridge, erroneously described as an English and Latin, 
 instead of a Latin-English Dictionary, and another in the 
 Library at Holkham. The most ancient MS. hitherto 
 noticed is in the possession of the Editor ; and it must be 
 observed, that although the work is substantially the 
 same, the variations of the text in all these copies are 
 found to be very great, and deserve careful comparison, 
 A highly valuable MS., dated 1483, consisting of an English 
 and Latin Dictionary, wholly distinct from the Prompto- 
 rium, and written apparently in the North -Eastern parts 
 of England, is cited as the Catholicon Anglicum. For 
 free use of this important source of illustration the Editor 
 is indebted to the kindness of its late lamented possessor, 
 the Right Hon. Lord Monson. The curious work of 
 John Palsgrave, entitled, " Eclaircissement de la langue 
 Francoyse," 1530, the quaint sentences of Herman's Vul- 
 garia, 1519, and various other early printed authorities of 
 equal rarity, have been made available to the utmost of 
 the Editor's ability. But much has been inevitably left
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. XI 
 
 without any explanatory comment; and the Editor is 
 apprehensive that the elucidations which he has been 
 enabled to offer will too frequently be found insufficient 
 or defective. In a work that has demanded much minute 
 research and detailed reference, numerous errors must, 
 with the utmost care, have occurred ; and he will thank- 
 fully appreciate any corrections or suggestions with which 
 those who are interested in such researches may favour 
 him. Considerable inconvenience has arisen from the 
 impossibility of gaining access to treatises from which the 
 Latin words in the Promptorium were derived. The 
 author cited as " Mirivalensis, in Campo florum, " is 
 unknown, and all researches in order to discover that 
 work, which supplied many of the most curious and 
 obscure terms, have hitherto been fruitless. No MS. of 
 the Derivationes Ugucionis has yet been found which 
 answers to the description here given, " Ugucio versifi- 
 catus ; " and the " Commentarius curialium " is likewise 
 still a desideratum. On these points of difficulty the 
 Editor, in behalf of his endeavour to offer in the present 
 work some contribution towards the archaic lexicography 
 of the English language, would solicit the aid of those 
 who are more conversant than himself with early MS. 
 literature. 
 
 131, Piccadilly, 
 
 July 29, 1843.
 
 k 
 ^ 
 
 f^ 
 
 r 
 
 vPW 
 
 
 %t'^'^ 
 
 
 1 1 S i!. -; 
 
 Cfc 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^1 
 
 
 
 € 
 
 
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 ^5- 
 
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 I 

 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Incipit preambulum.' Cernentibus sollicite clericorum con- 
 diciones, nunc statuum et graduum diversorum numerose videntur 
 jam varii clericali se nomine gloriantes, qui tamen in suis colloquiis 
 passim quotidieque barbarizando, sic ^ usum et artem Latine loquele^ 
 aut pene, aut penitus perdiderunt, quod eorum quam plures quasi 
 de doctis indoctos, de sciolis inscios, noverca virtutum et viciorum 
 mater degenerans produxit oblivio. Unde ego, dictus indigne 
 frater predicator,^ et Lenne sub regula paupertatis astrictus, ta- 
 libus ut valeo compassus, ac juvenum clericorum gramaticare* 
 volencium misertus, presentem libellum non tarn rudem ' sed quam 
 utilem eisdem scribendum curavi ; potissime cum ipsis qui nunc 
 ad usum ^ clericalis loquele velut cervi ad fontes aquarum deside- 
 rant, sed Latina vocabula ignorantes, et instructorum ad libitum 
 copiam ut cupiunt non habentes, singultu et suspiriis ut onagri 
 in siti sua deficiunt, ac velut interna fame, sic eciam tabescunt, quod 
 pene de eis illud Trenorum eloquium merito cum mesticia jam 
 poterit recitari, parvuli petierunt panem, et non erat qui frangeret 
 eis. " Igitur ego prefatus, quamvis rudis et inscius, plusque * 
 aptus discere quam docere, tamen ut ex libris gramaticorum in- 
 
 1 Incipit prologus in libellum qui dicitur » Rudem quam, k. p. 
 
 Promptorius Puerorum, p. Promptorius ^ k. p. the word usum is omitted iu 
 
 parvulorura, k. Hail. MS. 
 
 - Sic quod, p. ' Lamentations, iv, 4. 
 
 3 Predicatorum, k r. * k. p. plus is omitted in Hail. MS. 
 
 ■« Grammatizare, k. p. 
 
 CAMD. SOC. It
 
 2 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 tellexi, ad predictorum profectum, exile hoc opus collegia precipue 
 Catholicon, Campo florum, Diccionario, aliisque opusculis et 
 tractibus, sepius vero ex inquisicione meliorum, ' sed rarissime 
 quamvis quandoque ex ingenio fallibili^ et capite proprio personal!. 
 In quo quidem libello primoAnglicanavocabula'^ secundum ordinem 
 alphabet!, prout gramaticalia gramaticorum in libris reperiuntur 
 ac scribuntur, conscripsi, et postea correspondencia sibi Latina, 
 cum notulis parcium, generum, ac declinacionum ; ^ sic tamen ut 
 in * qualibet litera alphabetic nomina et cetere partes, verbis tamen 
 exceptis,5 primo pariter sunt inserta, et tunc tandem ipsorum verba 
 breviter declinata, ordine quo supra sunt secuta. ^ Comitatus 
 tamen Northfolchie ^ modum loquendi solum sum secutus, quem 
 solum ab infancia didici, et solotenus plenius perfectiusque cog- 
 novi. Opus autem istud Promptorium parvulorum, sive cleri- 
 corum, peto si placeat appellari, eo quod hie seclusis scriptis 
 gramatice curiosis, sub quodam quasi breviloquio, medullam tamen * 
 verborum continens, pre brevitate sui aut in promptu, aut de facili, 
 a cunctis clericis valeat possideri ; et quod in eo queritur non dis- 
 currendo per multa, sed statim et in promptu poterit inveniri. ' 
 Cunctos tamen pedagogos,didasculos,sive eciam magistros, precibus 
 humiliter deposco, ut cum exile hoc opus perspexerint, quod Deo 
 me juvante sit recte scriptum approbent, et quod male aut devie 
 pie corrigant et emendent ; '" quatinus gramatici exiles et pueri in 
 volumello hoc brevi, tanquam in speculo, possint inspicere, et 
 communia vocabula que sunt ad linguam Latinam spectantia libera 
 et statissime invenire : necnon et quam plures alii absque rubore 
 
 ' Majorum, K. rated in one alphabetical arrangement with 
 
 2 K. p. omitted in Harl. MS. the other parts of speech. 
 
 2 These have been omitted in the pre- ® Subsecuta, k. perscripta, p. 
 
 sent edition. See Preface. ^ Comitatus tamen Orientalium An- 
 
 ■• Sub. K. p. glorum modum loquendi quem, &c. p. 
 
 » This arrangement has, for greater fa- " Tantum, p. 
 
 cility of reference, been changed in the ' k. p. invenire, Harl. MS. 
 
 present e/ition : the verbs are incorpo- '" Emendant, k.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVUL.ORUM. S 
 
 post terga metencium ' spicas eciam possint colligere, qui forte aut 
 etatis, aut aliarum causarum pre pudore confusi, id quod minus 
 sciunt ab aliis discere erubescunt. Igitur quicunque sibi in hoc 
 opere inculto - utilitatis aliquid solaciive perspexerint, Deo gratias 
 reddant, et pro me peccatore misericorditer intercedant. Explicit 
 preambulum in libellum predictum,^ secundum vulgarem modum 
 loquendi orientalium Anglorum. 
 
 Isti sunt auctores ex quorum libris coUecta sunt vocabula hujus 
 libelli, per fratrem predicatorem reclusum Lenne Episcopi, Anno 
 Domini millesimo cccc. xl°. Cujus anime propicietur Deus. 
 Et intitulatur liber iste Promptorium parvulorum. Hoc modo 
 scribuntur nomina auctorum infra in hoc libro. 
 Januensis in suo Catholicon 
 Uguitio in majori volumine . 
 
 Uguitio versificatus . . . . 
 
 Brito ....... 
 
 Mirivalensis in campo florum 
 Johannes deGarlondia^inDiccionario ? 
 
 scolastico . . . . ) 
 
 Commentarius curiahum 
 Libellus misteriorumquidicitur Anglia I 
 
 que fulget .... 5 
 
 Merarius 
 Distigius 
 
 Robertus Kylwarbi 
 Alexander Neccham 
 
 CATH. 
 UG. 
 UG. V. 
 BRIT. 
 C. F. 
 
 Dice. 
 
 COMM. 
 LIB. MIST. 
 
 MER. 
 DIST. 
 KYLW. 
 NECC. 
 
 Cum aliis variis libris et libellis inspectis et intellectis, Deo adju- 
 vante cum tota curia celesti.^ 
 
 1 K. H. p. metuencium, Harl. MS. 2 u, p, inculte, Harl. MS. 
 
 3 Qui dicitur Promptorius parvulorum, k. h. In the edition by \V. de Worde the 
 work is entitled, Promptuarium parvulorum clericorum, quod apud nos Medulla gram- 
 matice appellatur. 
 
 * This list of the Latin authorities consulted by the compiler of the Promptorium is
 
 4 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Nota, quod quicunque alterius patrie vocabula, a dicte prime 
 vocabulis aut sillaba aut littera aliquo modo discrepancia, voluerit 
 in hoc libro inserere, caveat ut semper secunda ' litera cum prima 
 observetur, ut puta, iion scribat honde pro iiande, nee nose pro 
 NESE, aut MON pro MAN, ncc KAYE pro keye/ et sic de aliis; 
 sed^ sic scribat, hande vel hond, nese vel nose, et sic de aliis : 
 quia aliter liber cito viciabitur et ordo scribendi confundetur, ac 
 scrutatores vocabulorum scrutando deficient, dum ea que scru- 
 tabuntur in locis debitis non inveniant/ 
 
 found only in the Harl. IMS. and is now printed for the first time. See in the Preface 
 notices of the writings above enumerated. 
 
 ^ K. secundam, Harl. MS. 
 
 - In locis debitis secundum vocem literarum scribantur, k. ' Vel k. 
 
 4 Invenient, Harl. MS. The list of authors is in the Harl. MS. placed before the 
 Preambulum, but has been here transposed. In the King's MS. the admonitory Note 
 alone, which is above given, is found at the end of the volume.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 A-BACKE, or backwarde. Retro, 
 
 retrorsum. 
 A-BASCHYD, or a-ferde. Territus, 
 
 perterritiis. 
 A-BASCHEMENT, or a-fer. Terror., 
 
 pavor, formido. 
 A-BATYN. Suhtraho. 
 A-BATEMENT, or wythdrawynge of 
 
 \vyghte,^ or mesure, or other 
 
 thj-ngys. Suhtractioy defalca- 
 
 tio. 
 Abbeye. Ahhacia. 
 Abbesse. Abbatissa. 
 A-BYDYNNE. Expecto, prestolor. 
 Abydynge. Expectacio. 
 Abyte, i. clothynge. Habitus, 
 Able, or abuUe, or abylle. Ha- 
 
 bilis, idoneus. 
 Ablyx, or to make able. Habi- 
 
 lito. 
 A-BoccHEMENT, or a-bocchynge." 
 
 Augmentum, cath. Amplijica- 
 
 menturn, cath. 
 Abhominable. Abhominabilis. 
 Abhominacyox. Abhominacio. 
 Abbott. Abbas. 
 Above. Supra, superius. 
 
 Abowte. Circum, circa. 
 Abreggyn. Abbrevio. 
 Abbrochyn or attamyn a vesselle 
 
 of drynke.3 Attamino, cath. 
 
 depleo. 
 Absence, or beynge a-way. Ab- 
 sentia. 
 Absent, not here, (or a-way, K.) 
 
 Absens. 
 Absteynyn. Abstineo. 
 Abstynence, Abstiiientia. 
 Abstynent, or abstejTijTige, or 
 
 he that dothe abstynence. Ab- 
 
 stinens. 
 Abulle, supra in able. Habilis, 
 
 idoneus. 
 Abulnesse. Habilitas, aptitudo, 
 
 idoneitas. 
 Abundance, or grete plente. 
 
 Abundancia. 
 Abundyn, or haue plente. Abundo. 
 Acent, or assent, or grawntynge. 
 
 Assensus. 
 Acentyn, (assentinge, p.) or 
 
 grawntyn. Assencio. 
 A-CETHEN for trespas (acethe, 
 
 K. aceth, p.).* SatUfactio. 
 
 1 Wyghte, King's MS. weyte, p. The Harl- MS. reads mete. 
 - Augmentum, adaugma, a-bocchement. mkd. gr. ms. phill. 
 3 " Thilke tonne, that 1 shal abroche." chauc. Wif of Bathes Prol. 
 < " And if it suffice not for asseth." v. plouhm. See Jamieson, under Assvth, 
 and Speloian.
 
 6 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Ache, an erbe.i Apium. 
 A-CHETYN. Confiscor. 
 AcHWYN, or flejTi. Vito^ devito. 
 AcHUYNGE, or beynge ware (ache- 
 
 \v}'nge, K. achue, p.) Precavens, 
 
 vitans. 
 A-CYDE, or a-cydenandys, ora-slet, 
 
 or a-slonte (acydnande, k. acyd- 
 
 enam, p.) Ohlique, vel a latere, 
 A-CYNEN, or ordeyn. Assigno. 
 A-CLOYED.^ Acchmdicatus, incla- 
 
 vatus. 
 ACLOY3EN, (acloyin, k.) Acclau- 
 
 dico, acclavo, inclavo. 
 A-coLDE. Frigidus, algidus, 
 
 fiigorosus. 
 (Acolyte. Acolytus, p.) 
 A-coMELYD for collide, or a- 
 
 clommyde (acomyrd, p. acom- 
 
 bred, w.)^ Eviratus, enervatus. 
 A-coMERYD,'' (acombred, w. acou- 
 
 tyrd, p.) Vexatus. 
 A-coMERYNGE, or a-comerment, 
 
 (acombrynge or a-combrement, 
 
 w. a-comyrment, p.) Vexacio. 
 A-CORDYD, or of on a-corde. 
 
 Concors 
 (AcoRDYD, or made at one, 
 
 Concordatus, p.) 
 A-coRDYN. Concordo. 
 (AcoRDYNG. Co7icordancia, k.p.) 
 A-coRDYNGE, or beynge fytte or 
 
 mete. Convenio. 
 AccoRNE, or archarde, frute of the 
 
 oke.* Glans. 
 AccusYD. Accusatus. 
 (AccusYN. Accuso, n.v.') 
 AccusYNGE (accusacyon, p.) Ac- 
 
 cusacio. 
 Adam, propyr name. Adam. 
 Adamant, precyowse stone.s 
 
 Adainas. 
 Addycyon, or puttynge to for 
 
 encrese. (addyng or puttynge 
 
 to, p.) Addlcio. 
 Admytyn, orgrawntyn. Admitto- 
 
 ' Ache, or hoppe, ort. voc. Skinner gives ache, for smallage, from Fr. Vache, 
 parsley. See Cotgr. 
 
 2 " To acloye with a nayle as an yuell smythe dothe an horse foote, enclouer. Ac- 
 loyed as a horses foot, encloue.'" palsg. The more usual sense of the word is as 
 Ilorman uses it, " My stomake is accloyed, faatidiosiis, nauseabundus." Florio 
 renders inchiodare, " to clow, or pricke a horse with a naile." 
 
 •* " ./o ay la mayn si estoniye, so acomeled.'' gaut. de bibelesw. Arundel 
 MS. 220. Acomlyt. MS. Phill. In the later Wycliffite version, Isaiah xxxv. 3, is read, 
 " Coumfort je clumsid, ether comclid hondis, and make je strong feble knees." MS. 
 Cott. Claud. E. II. In the earlier version the passage is rendered, " Coumforteth the 
 hondes loosid atwynne," MS. Douce. In the Latin, " manun disxolnias.^' 
 
 "» " I am acconibered with corrupt humours, obruor pitnita. The snoffe acombreth 
 the matche, that he can nat burn clere, fungi elychniiim obsident.'^ horm. Piers 
 Ploughman uses the word in the sense of to overcome, or destroy. 
 
 " And let his shepe acomber in the mire." chauc. 
 See Depos. of Ric. II. published by the Camden Society, pp. 29, 30. 
 
 * Glans, an acharne, Vocab. Harl. MS. 1002. Accharne, okecorne, CRT. v. A.S. 
 secern. In the curious inventory of the effects of Sir Simon Burley, who was be- 
 headed 1388, are enumerated, " deux pairs des jiater Piasters de anmbre lilanc, I'nu conn- 
 ire/ail de Atcherncs, I'autre rounde." MS. in the possession of Sir Thomas I'liillipps. 
 
 ' " Lapis ferrum attrahens, an adamounde stone, magnet.'^ whitinton gramm. 
 Aymant. palsg.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 A-DO, or grete bysynesse. Sollici- 
 
 tudo. 
 A-DEWE, or farewoUe (adwe or far 
 
 wel, p.) Vale. 
 Affodylle herbe (afFadylle, k. 
 
 p.) ' Affodillus, albucea. {Affh- 
 
 dilla, K.) 
 Affeccyon, or hertyly wellwyll- 
 
 ynge. Affectio. 
 Affecte, or welwyllynge. A.ffec- 
 
 tUS, CATH. 
 
 A-FENCE, or offence. Offensa. 
 Afendyd, or offendyd. OJfensus. 
 A-FERRE, not nye (afer, p.) Procul. 
 A-FERDE (or trobelid, k. h. p.)* 
 
 Territus, perterritus (^turhatus^ 
 
 perfurbatus, k. p.) 
 Affermyd, or grawntyd be worde. 
 
 Ajfirmatus. 
 Affyrmyn, orgrawntyn. Affirmo^ 
 
 assero. 
 Affermynge. Affirmacio. 
 Affynyte, oralyaunce. Affinitas^^ 
 A-FORNE (afore, p.)* Ante, 
 
 coram. 
 A-FORNANDE (aformande, h. p. 
 
 afromhand, j. aforehande, w.) 
 
 Antea. 
 A-FRAY. Pavor, terro^^, formido. 
 Affrayed, supra. Territus, pa- 
 
 vore percussus. 
 Aftyr. Post. 
 
 Aftyr parte of a beste, or the 
 hyndyr (parte, p.), or the 
 crowpe. Clunis. 
 
 Aftyr parte, or hynder parte of 
 the schyppe. Puppis, cath. 
 
 Aftyrward. Postea,postmodum. 
 
 Agas.* 
 
 Agas, propyr name. Agatha. 
 
 A-GASTE, supra in a-ferde. 
 
 Age. Etas, senium, senectus, 
 senecta. 
 
 The vij agys. Prima, infancia, 
 quce continet vij annos ; se- 
 cunda, puericia, usque ad quar- 
 tumdecimum annum, ; tercia 
 adolescentia, usque ad xxix^. 
 annum ; quartajuventus, usque 
 ad quinquagesimum, annum ; 
 quinta gravitas, usqui ad Ixx *". 
 annum; sexta senectus, que 
 nullo terminatur termino (7ion 
 terminatur certo numero, p.) ; 
 senium est ultima pars senec- 
 tutis. Septima erit in resur- 
 rectione Jinali. cath. 
 
 A-GAYNE, or a-5eyne (ayen, p.). 
 Iterum, adhuc. 
 
 A-GEYNE, or a-gaynewarde. Retro. 
 
 A-GAYNBYER, or a rauHisomere. 
 Redernptor. 
 
 (Ageyn byinge. Redemptio, 
 K. H. p.) 
 
 1 " Affadyll, a yelowe floure, affrodiUe." palsg. 
 
 2 Forby, in enumerating among the provincialisms of Norfolk the word afeard, 
 noticed that formerly it was not, as at present, synonymous with afraid. 
 
 " This wif was not aferde ne aflfraide." chauc. 
 The Harl. MS. indeed, renders both aferde and afrayed by territus, but the reading of 
 the King's MS. agreeing with the printed editions, seems preferable. Aferde or tro- 
 belid, furbatus, perturbatus. Compare Abaschyd or aferde. A.S. afered, territus. 
 
 3 After AFFYNYTE, the Harl. MS. has the word a-foyste, lirida. See under the 
 letter F. 
 
 * Aforen, afome, afore, chauc. A.S. set foran. 
 
 5 The Harl. MS. gives Agas twice, first without any corresponding Latin word, 
 but probably it is the same as Hagas puddynge, tucetum.
 
 8 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Agyd. Antiqtiattis, senectns, ve- 
 
 teranus, veteratus. 
 Agyx, or growyn agyd. Seneo, 
 
 sen e SCO. 
 Agglot, or an aglet to lace 
 
 wyth alle.^ Acus, aculus, (^acu- 
 
 la, p.) 
 Aggreggyn, or to greue more. 
 
 Aggi'avo.^ 
 Aggroggyd, or aggreuyd. Ag- 
 
 gravatus. 
 Aggruggynge, or a-greuynge. 
 
 Aggravacio, aggravamen. 
 Aggreuauns. Gravamen, no- 
 
 cumentum, tedium. 
 Agreuyd. Gravatus, ut supra. 
 Agrimony, or egrimony, herbe. 
 
 Agrimonia. 
 
 Agrotone wyth mete or drynke 
 
 (agrotonyn, K.). Ingurgito. 
 Agrotonyd, or sorporryd wyth 
 
 mete or drynke.^ Ingurgitatus. 
 Agrotonynge, or sorporrynge- 
 
 Ingurgitacio. 
 Agwe, sekenes (ague, w.). Acuta, 
 
 querquera. c. f. cath. 
 A-HA. Evax. 
 Ake, or ache, or akjmge. Dolor. 
 
 AkYX. Doleo, CATH. 
 
 Akyr of londe. Acra. 
 
 Akyr of the see flowjTige (aker, 
 
 p.)< Impetus maris. 
 Alle, or euery dele. Totus. 
 Alle, or ylke. Omnis, quilihet. 
 Alabaster, a stone. Alabas- 
 
 trum, Parium, c. F. 
 
 ' '* Agglet of a lace or poynt, yer. To agglet a poynt, or set on an agglet vpon a 
 poynt or lace, ferrer. palsg. Wyll you set none agglettes vpon your poyntes ? en- 
 ferrer voz esffui/lettes." This word denotes properly the tag, but is often used to signify 
 the lace to which it was attached. " Myn aglet, mon lassei, a point, laferrure Wun lasset." 
 R. PYNSON, Good boke to lerne to speke French. 
 
 2 " Agreyier, supporter avec peine." roquef. lacombe. 
 
 3 Agroted, chaucer. Legend of G. W. is explained cloyed, surfeited. 
 
 4 This word is still of local use to denote the commotion caused in some tidal rivers, 
 at the flow of the tide. In the Ouse, near Downham bridge, above Lynn, the name is 
 eager, as also in the Nene, between Wisbeach and Peterborough, and the Ouse near York, 
 and other rivers. Camden calls the meeting of the Avon and Severn, higre. Compare 
 Skinner, under the word eager. In Craven Dial, acker is a ripple on the water. Aker 
 seems, however, to have had a more extended meaning, as applied to some turbulent 
 currents, or commotions of the deep. The MS. Poem entitled Of Knyghthode and 
 Batayle, Cott. MS. Titus A. xxiii. f. 49, commending the skill of mariners in judging 
 of the signs of weather, makes the following allusion to the aker. 
 
 " VV'el know they the remue yf it a-ryse, 
 An aker is it clept, 1 vnderstonde, 
 Whos myght there may no shippe or wynd wyt stonde. 
 This remue in th'occian of propre kynde 
 Wyt oute wynde hathe his commotioun ; 
 The maryneer therof may not be blynde, 
 But when and where in euery regioun 
 It regnethe, he moste haue inspectioun, 
 For in viage it may bothe haste and tary, 
 And vnavised thereof, al mys cary." 
 
 Aker seems to be derived from A.S. se, water, and cer, a turn ; sie-cir signifies the ebb 
 of the sea. c^kdm. See Nares, under Higre.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Allabovvte. Undique, circum- 
 
 quaque. 
 A-LAYDE. Temperatus, remissus, 
 
 permixtus. 
 A-LANGE, or straunge (alyande, p.) 
 
 Extraneus^ exoticus. 
 A-LANGELY, or straungely (aly- 
 
 aundly, j.) Extranee. 
 A-LANGENESSE, 01" strawngeiiesse 
 
 (alyaundnesse, j.) Extraneitas. 
 Alas. Euge, euge, prodolor. 
 Ablaste (alblast, p.) Ballsta. 
 Alblastere. Alblastarius, (ba- 
 
 Ustarius, K. p.) 
 Alberey, ve/ alebrey (albry, p.)' 
 
 Alebrodium, fictum est. 
 Alkamye metalle (alcamyn, p.) ^ 
 
 Alkamia. 
 Aldyr tre, or oryelle tre. Al- 
 
 nus, c. F. 
 Aldyrbeste. Optiinus. 
 Aldyrkyr (alderkerre, k. alder- 
 
 kar, p.)^ Alnetum, viz. locus ubi 
 
 alni et tales arbores crescunt, 
 
 C. F. 
 Aldyrleste. 3Iiniinus. 
 Aldyrmann. Aldinnannus, se- 
 nior. 
 Aldyrmoste. Maximus. 
 Aldyrnexte. Propinquissitniis. 
 
 Ale. Cervisia, c. f. cervutift 
 
 quasi Cereris vis in aqua, hec 
 Ceres, i. Deafrumenti ; (et hie 
 
 nota bene quod est potus Anglo- 
 rum, p.) 
 Ale whyle hys (it is, K.) newe.' 
 
 Celia, c. F. COMM. 
 Allegyance, or softynge of dys- 
 
 ese. Alleviacio. 
 Aleggyn", or to softe, or relese 
 
 peyne. Allevio, mitigo. 
 Allegyaunce of auctoryte (of 
 
 auctours, p.) Allegaclo. 
 Aleggyx awtowrs. AUego. 
 A LEY yn gardeyne. Peribolus, 
 
 CATH. c. F. perambulator ium 
 
 et periobolum, vg. (peram- 
 
 bulum, Dice, p.) 
 Aleyne, propyr name. Alanus. 
 Allefeynte, or fejTite. Segnis. 
 Allefeyntelye (alfeynly, k.) 
 
 Segniter. 
 Allefully. Tntaliter, complete. 
 Algatys, or allewey.^ Omnino, 
 
 omnimode, penitus. 
 ALLEHOLEfro brekyiige. Integer. 
 Allehole, or alleheyle. Sanus, 
 
 incoluinis. 
 Allehooly (all holy, p.) In- 
 
 tegre, integraliter, totaliter. 
 
 ' " Alebery for a sicke man, chaudeau," palsg. ; which Cotgrave renders, caudle, 
 warm broth. 
 
 - Alcamyne, arquemie, palsg. A mixed metal, supposed to be produced by alchymy, 
 and which received thence the name. See Nares. 
 
 ' Carre, a wood of alder, or other trees in a moist boggy place, ray. See Forby and 
 Moore. Ducange gives kaheir, kaei/um, saltctum. 
 
 * AUer, the gen. plur. ealra, A.S. is used by Chaucer, both by itself, and compounded : 
 
 " Shall have a souper at your aller cost." Prol. Cant. Tales. 
 
 There occur also, alderfirst, alderlast, alderlevest, that is dearest of all, and alderfastest. 
 
 * Compare Gyylde or gile, new ale. Celia, Orosius informs us, was the name of 
 a Spanish drink made of wheat, and here seems to signify the sweet and uuhopped 
 wort. 
 
 ^ " Wyll you algates do it ? le voulez vovsfaire tout a force .' " palsg. " I damned 
 thee, tliou must algates be dead." chaic. Sompnour's Tale. A.S. Al^eats, omnino. 
 CAMO. soc. C
 
 10 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Alyaunce, or afFynyte. Ajfinitas. 
 Alysaunder, herbe, or stan- 
 
 marche.' Maceihmia. 
 Alysaunder, propyr name. A- 
 
 lex under. 
 A-LYKE, or euyn lyke. Equalis. 
 Allelykely, or euynly (a lyke 
 
 wyse or euynly, K. p.) Equal- 
 
 iter. 
 A-lyke, or lyke yn lykenes. Si- 
 
 milis. 
 A-lytylle. Modicum, parum. 
 A-lyve. Vivus. 
 Alyen, straunger. Extraneiis, 
 
 alienus. 
 Alyex, straunger of an other 
 
 londe. AlteUus, alteUa, UG. c. F. 
 A lye. Ajinis. 
 A LY, or alyaunce. Affinitas. 
 Al K EN KENGY, herbe morub. 3Io- 
 
 rella ruhea. 
 Alkexet herbe. Alkanea, (vlicus, 
 
 eklicus, p.) 
 Almaun'de frute (almon, p.) 
 
 Amigdalum. 
 (Ai.MAUND tre, k. almon tre, p. 
 
 Ainigdala, amitrdalus, cath.) 
 Almary, or almery.^ Almarium, 
 
 c. F. almarioluin, (^armarium, 
 
 P.). 
 Almery of mete kepynge, or a 
 
 saue for mete.^ Cibutum, c. F. 
 Almesse, or almos (elmesse, H. p.) 
 
 Elimnsina, roga, c. F. et dicitur 
 elimosina ah el, quod est Deus, 
 et moifs quod est aqua, quasi 
 aqua Dei ; quia stent aqua ex- 
 tinguit ignem, ita elimosina ex- 
 tin guit peccatum. 
 
 Almesse of mete veuyii to powre 
 men, whan men haue ete. Mes- 
 telenium, com.m. 
 
 ALMEsMANX,or woman (almesful- 
 man, p.). Elimosinarius, roga- 
 torius, rogatoria, c. f. 
 
 Al M Es s H o ws E. Xen odochium, 
 c. F. vel xenodocium, et xeno- 
 dium, orphanotfophium, pro- 
 seuca, CATH. 
 
 ALLMY3GHTY (almyghty, p.) 
 Omnipotens, cu7ictipotens. 
 
 Allmyghtyiiede. Omnipotencia, 
 cunctipotencia. 
 
 Almoste. Fere, pene, ferme. 
 
 Alone. Solus. 
 
 Alowans. AUocacio. 
 
 Alowede. AUocatus. 
 
 Allovvyn yn rekenynge (or re- 
 ken, p.). Alloco. 
 
 Alpe, a bryde.^ Ficedula, c. f. 
 
 Allwey. Semper, continue. 
 
 Alom, or alym, lyke glasse (alum 
 glas, p.) Alumen, cath. 
 
 Alure, or alurys of a towre or 
 stepylle. "^ Canal, oath. ug. 
 grunda, (can a lis, p.) 
 
 ' Gerarde gives the name alexanders to the great or horse parsley, hipposelinum. 
 
 " " Atmariolum, a lytell almary oracobborde. ■Scrinium,An(/ficfia.lmery."oRT.voc. 
 " All my lytell bokes I putt in alineries, {scriniis cfiartophil(tcihs,forulis, vel armariin) 
 all my greatter bokis I put in my lyberary." iiorm. A.S. Aliiierij;a, scrinium. 
 
 3 "Almery, aumbry to put meate in, une.s almoires." palsg. 
 
 * " /'^cerfj/Za, a wodewale or an alpe." med. gr. In Norfolk the bull-finch is called 
 blood -ol|)b, and the grten grosbeak, green-olf, j)robably a corruption of alpe. forby. 
 Ray givi-s alp as generally signifying the bull-fin(;li. See Moore. 
 
 '■• The alure seems in its primary sense to have been the passage behind the battle- 
 ments, a//(//fM»i, awAj</acr«w, in French ulleure or ullee : and which, serving as a
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 11 
 
 Ambrose herbe. Ambrosia, sal- 
 
 gia silvestrist cath.' 
 Ambrose, propyr name. Am- 
 
 brosius. 
 Amendyd. Correctus, emendatus. 
 Amendynge. Correctio, emen- 
 
 dacio. 
 Amendynge, or reparacyon of 
 
 thyngys ))at byn weryd or 
 
 a-peyryd (worn, p.) Reparacio. 
 Amendyn, or reparyn. Repuro. 
 Amendyn. Emendo. 
 Amendyn thyngys J)at ar done 
 
 favvty. Corrigo. 
 Amercyn yn a corte, or lete. 
 
 Amercio. 
 Amerel of ))e see. Amirellus, 
 
 classicarius, cath. c. f. 
 Amye (Amy, propre name, p.) 
 
 Amia. 
 Amysse, or wykkydly (or euyll 
 
 done, p.) Male, nequiter. 
 Amyce (amyte, H. K. p.) - Amita, 
 
 amictus. 
 
 (Amyse furred. Almicia, c. f. 
 
 K. p.). 
 Amonge, or sum tjone. Inter- 
 
 dum, quandoque. 
 Amonge sundry thyngys. Inter. 
 A-mowyntyn, or sygnifyyii. De- 
 
 noto, signijico. 
 Amsote, or a fole (anysot, h. p. 
 
 afolt, p.) StoUdus, baburius, 
 
 c. F. insons. 
 Amuce of an hare- Abnucium, 
 
 habetur in horologio divine sa- 
 
 piencie. 
 Ancle, infra in ankle. 
 Annys, propyr name (Anneys, h, 
 
 Annyce, p.) Agnes. 
 Aneys seede, or spyce.^ Aneium, 
 
 anisum. 
 Anelyd, or enelyd, infra in 
 
 anoyntyd. 
 Anelynge, or enelynge, infra in 
 
 anoyntynge. 
 Anelyn, or enelyn metalle, or 
 
 other lyke.* 
 
 channel to collect the waters that fell upon the roof, and were carried off through 
 the gargoilles, the term alure came to be applied to the channel itself, as it is here 
 rendered. See Ducange, under the words ^latoria, Alloriuni. Alure occurs in Ro- 
 bert of Gloucester. 
 
 " Up the alurs of the castles the ladies then stood. 
 
 And beheld this noble game, and which knights were good." 
 
 " The towrs to take and the torellis, 
 
 Vautes, alouris and corneris." Kyng Alisaunder. 
 
 ' Ambrose, ache champrntre, palsg. Ambroftia, herbapre(bilcis, wylde sawge, ort. 
 voc. " Ambrose, ambroisie, the herbe called oke of Cappadocia, or Jerusalem." cotgr. 
 
 '•^ The amice is the first of the sacerdotal vestments : it is a piece of tine linen, of an 
 oblong square form, which was formerly worn on the head, until the priest arrived 
 before the altar, and then thrown back upon the shoulders. It was ornamented with a 
 rich parure, often set with jewels, which in ancient representations appears like a 
 standing collar round the neck of the (iriest. Dugilale gives an inventory in his History 
 of St. Paul's, taken 1295, which details the costly enrichments of the amice. 
 
 ^ " Ammys for a charinon, aumux.se.''' pai.sg. Tins was tiie canonical vestment lined 
 with fur, that served to cover the head and shoulders, and was perfectly distinct from 
 the amyce. See almucium in Ducange. 
 
 * The King's MS. gives Aneys herbe, anisum, and Ancyssede, aneium. 
 
 * The word to anele was used in two senses, "to aneele a sicke man, anoynt hym with
 
 12 
 
 PROMPTOKIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Anethys.' Fiur. 
 Antyfexere (antyphanere, p. an- 
 
 phenere, h.) Antiphonarms, 
 
 (antij)hanarium, p.) 
 Angylle to take wyth fysche.'^ 
 
 Piscale, Jistuca, fuscina, c. f. 
 
 {hamillus, p.) 
 Angure, or angwys (angyr, k. p.) 
 
 Angor, C. F. angustia. 
 Angur, or wrathe (angyr or 
 
 wretthe, k. h. p.) Ira, ira- 
 
 cundia. 
 Angrye. Iracundus, bilosns, 
 
 Jellitiis, felleus, malencoficus. 
 Angwysche. Angustia, agonia, 
 
 angaria. 
 
 Anyyntysciiyn, or enyntyschyn. 
 
 Exinanio. 
 Anniuersary, or yereday (jer- 
 
 day, K. 11.^ Anniversarium, 
 
 anniversarius. 
 Ankyl. Cavilla, verticiUum. 
 Ankyr of a shyppe. Ancora. 
 Ankyr, recluse. Anachorita. 
 Anoyntyd, or enoyntyd (anclyd, 
 
 or enelyd, ut stipra^. Inunctus. 
 Anoyntyn (or enoynten, p.) 
 
 I)iiingo, ungo. 
 
 Anoyntynge, or enoyntynge (an- 
 
 elynge, or enelynge, ut supra). 
 
 Inunctio. 
 A-NOON, or as-faste (anon, h. p.) 
 
 Confestim, pi'otinus, mox, cito, 
 
 statim, ilHco. 
 A-NOTHYR. Alter, alius. 
 Answere. Re.sponsum, respon- 
 
 sio, antipJiona. 
 AwNSWERYN. Respondeo. 
 A.NTYLOPPE, beste. Tatula, c. F. 
 (Antym. Antiphona, k. h. p.) 
 Antony, propyrname. Antonius. 
 Ape, a beste. Simia. 
 A-PECE (abce, p. apecy, K.^) AI- 
 
 pliahetum, abecedarium, c. F. 
 A-PECE (abce, p.) lerner, or he ])at 
 
 lernythe ]je abece. Alphabeticus, 
 
 abecedarius, c. F, 
 Apeciiynge.' Appellacio. 
 A-PECHOWRE, or a-pelowre. Ap- 
 
 j)eUator. 
 Apeyrynge, or apeyrement.'' Pe- 
 
 joracio, deter io racio. 
 Appeyryn, or make wors. Pe- 
 
 j'oro, deterioro. 
 A-PEEL, or apelynge, sujtra in 
 
 apechynge (apel, h.) 
 
 holy oyle. I lefte hym so farre past, that he was liouseled and aneeled, commtinii et en- 
 fiuyllc : and, to aneel a potte of erthe or suche lyke with a coloure,/;/o»w/rter." palsg. 
 As apj)lied to metal it signifies to enamel, and occurs in that sense. Lacombe and 
 Roquefort give the word neelU, cmailU. 
 
 ' In Robert of Glouc. Wiclif and Chaucer, this word is written vnnethe, vunethis. 
 A. Saxon Un-ea'Se, vix. 
 
 2 A. Sax. Any;el, hamus. In the St. Alban's Book, 1496, is a treatyse of fysshynge 
 with an angle; Sliakespeare uses the word to signify the implement of fishing. "Angle 
 rodde, verge h pcscher.'^ palsg. Angle twache, lumbricus, which occurs in Vocabula 
 Stanbriffii, 1.513, seems to be the worm serving for a bait. A. Sax. Angeltwecca. elfr. 
 
 2 Cotgrave renders Abece, an abcee, the crosse row. 
 
 * A]t\)eyc\nng, accusement. pai.sg. Fabyan relates that, in 14'i;5, "many honeste 
 men of the rytye were apeched of treason." Apenclicr, to imjjeach. kelham. 
 
 * " A litil sourdow apeyreth al the gobet." 1 Cor. v. wici.. R. Brunne uses the 
 ▼erb to apeire, which occurs also in Chaucer, Cant. Tales : 
 
 " To apeiren any man, or him defame.'' 
 
 " To appayre, or waxe worse, etnpircr." palsg.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUAf. 
 
 13 
 
 ApPELYN. Appello, CATH. 
 
 A-PELE of belle ryngynge (apele 
 
 of bellis, p.) Classicum, catii. 
 Apperyn. Appareo, compareo. 
 A-PLEGGE (apledge, p.) Obses, 
 
 catit. vas. 
 Applyed. Applicatus. 
 Apply'yn. Applico, oppono. 
 Applyynge. Applicacio. 
 (Aposen, or oposyn. Oppono, 
 
 K. H. p.) 
 Apostata, he )jat leuythe hys 
 
 ordyr. Apostata. 
 Apostume (apostym, k. p.) 
 
 Apostema. 
 Apostylle. Apostolus. 
 Apryle monythe (Aprel, h.) 
 
 Aprile. 
 Appulle, ft-ute. Pomum, malum. 
 Appullhorde. Pomarium, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Appulkeper. Poinarius, po- 
 
 milio, porno, c. f. 
 Appulmoce, dyschmete (appul- 
 
 mos, p.) ' Pomacium, c. f. 
 Appullseller. Pomilius, po- 
 
 tnilia, CATH, pomilio, c. f. ug. 
 Appulle tree. Pomus. 
 Appullyerde, or gardovne, or 
 
 orcherde. Pomerium, cath.c.f. 
 
 cum e et non cum a. 
 
 A-queynte, or knowen. Notus, 
 
 cognitus, agnitus. 
 A-queyntawnse. Noticia, cog- 
 
 nitio, agnitio. 
 Aqueyntyn, or to make know- 
 
 leche (make knowen, p.) Noti- 
 Jico, notumfacio. 
 Aqwytte. Quietatus, acquie- 
 
 tatus. 
 Aqwytawnce (or quitaunce, p.) 
 
 Acfpdetancia. 
 Aqwytyn, or to make qwyte and 
 
 sekyr. Acquieto. 
 Aqwytyk, orqwytynand yeldyn. 
 
 Reddo. 
 A RAGE, herbe.'^ Attriplex (arti'i- 
 
 ple.v, p.) 
 A-ray, or a-rayment. Orna- 
 
 tus, aptparatus, ornamentum, 
 
 cultus. 
 Arayment. Paramentum. 
 A-RAYN, or clo|jyn (arayen, p.) 
 
 Induo, vestio. 
 A-RAYN, or to make honeste (ara- 
 yen, p.) Orno, adorno, ho- 
 
 nesto, decuso, decoro, c. f. 
 
 KYLW. 
 
 Arayne, or ordeynyd (arayen or 
 ordeyne, p.) Ordino, para. 
 
 Araynye, or erenye, or sonde.' 
 Arena. 
 
 1 Recipes for making this dish occur in the Form of Cury, pp. 42, 96, and other 
 ancient books of cookery. See Harl. MS. 279, f. 16 b. Kalendare de Potages dyxiers, 
 Apple muse ; and Cott. MS. Julius, D. viii. f. 97. The following is taken from a MS. 
 of the XV. cent, in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps. " Appyl mose. Take and 
 sethe appyllys in water, or perys, or bothe togyder, and stamp heme, and strayne heme, 
 and put heme in a dry potte, with hony, peper, safferone, and let hit haue but a boyle, 
 and serue hit forthe as mortrewys.'' 
 
 2 " Atriple.v domestica, Arage, or medlus." roy. ms. 18. A. VI. f. (iG b, where its 
 virtues are detailed Arage, aroe^e. palsg. 
 
 3 There seems evidently here an error of the scribe in the Harl. MS. Arayn, ac- 
 cording to Ray, is the name given in Nottinghamshire to the larger kind of spiders. It 
 is used also in Yorkshire. The liatin-English Dictionary in Mr. Wilbraham's library 
 renders aranea an arayne, arantinus, an erayn webbe : the former word is in the Me- 
 dulla rendered, an attercoppe. See further, under Eranye.
 
 14 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 (Aranye, or erayne. Aranea, 
 
 K. H. p.) 
 Arbytrowre. Ai'hiter. 
 Archangel yn heuyn (arcawngel, 
 
 H.). Archangelus. 
 Archangel, defe nettylle (arc- 
 
 aungell, p.) Archangelus. 
 Ars, or arce (aars, h.) Anus, 
 
 cuius, podex. 
 Arswyspe. Maniperium, Dice. 
 
 anitergiwn. 
 Arceter, or he J)at lernethe or 
 
 techethe arte (arcetyr, h. k. p.) i 
 
 Ai'tista. 
 Arch yn a walle. Archus. 
 Archer. Sagittca^ius. 
 Archerye. Sagittaria, arcus. 
 
 CATH. 
 
 A-rechyn, or strecchyn (astretch- 
 
 yn, p.) Attingu. 
 A-RENGE, or a-rewe (arowe, p.) ^ 
 
 Seriatim. 
 A-RESTE,or resty as flesche (arees- 
 
 tyd, K. areest or reestyd, p.) 
 
 Rancidus. 
 A-RESTER, or a-tacher, or a catch- 
 
 erel, or a catchepolle. An- 
 
 garius, apparitor, cath. c. f. 
 A-RESTE, or a-restynge. Ares- 
 
 tacio. 
 
 A-RESTENESSE, or a-restenesse of 
 
 flesshe.^ Rancor, rancitas. 
 Arestyn, or a-tachyn. Aresto, 
 
 attachio. 
 Argumente. Argumentum. 
 (Arkawngell, or archaiingel. 
 
 Archangelus, H. p.) 
 Arme. Brachium, 
 Armehoole. Acella, subyrciis, 
 
 CATH. in brachium. 
 Armyn. Arino. 
 Armys, of auncetrye. Arnia. 
 Armure (armoure, p.) Arma, 
 
 armamentum, c. f. armatura. 
 Arneste, or hanselle (or ernest, 
 
 H. p. ansal, k. Strena, p.). 
 Arneste, or erneste, seryowste. 
 
 Seriositas. 
 Arnestely, or ernestely. Seriose. 
 A-rowme, or morevttere. ' Remote, 
 
 deprope, seorsum. 
 Arte. Ars. 
 Artyn, or constraynyn. Arte, 
 
 coarto, stringo, astringo, con- 
 
 stringo. 
 Arowe. Sagitta. 
 Arwe, or ferefuUe (arwhe, k. 
 
 arowe, or ferdfuU, p.) * Ti- 
 
 midus, pavidus, Jormidolus, 
 formidolosus. 
 
 1 Arcetour, arcien. palsg. Roquefort explains arcieti as etudiant en philosophie 
 artifex, artatus. 
 
 2 " I shall tell the all the story a-rewe, perpetuo tenore rem eaplicaho." horm. 
 The monkish chronicler Dowglas relates of the miracles " the wiche God sch owed for 
 Seinte Thomas of Lancaster, that a blind priest dreamed that if he went to the place 
 where the Earl had been slain he schulde have ayenne his sighte ; and so he dremed 
 iij nightes arewe." Harl. MS. 4690, f. 64 h. 
 
 ^ Among recipes of the XIV. century in a MS. in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps, 
 is one " to saucn venesone of rastichipe (or rastischipe)." See the Roll of A. D. l.'{Hl,in 
 Forme of Cury, p. Ill, " to do away Restyng of Venisone.'' Skinner derives resty 
 from A. Sax. rust, rubiyo. 
 
 4 " Aroume he hovyd, and withstood." Rich, C. de Lion. The word occurs in K. 
 Alis, .3.H40, Chaucer, Book of Fame, b. ii. .52. See Wilbraham's Cheshire Glossary, 
 under the word rynt. 
 
 i A. Sax. ears, ignavus, earjian, torpescere pro timore. The word arwe occurs in
 
 PROMPTORlUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 15 
 
 Arwygyll worme.^ Aurealle. 
 
 (aurialis, p.) UG. in auris. 
 As. Quasi, sic, veluti. 
 A-SAYYD. Temptatus, prohatus. 
 A-SAYYN. Tevipto, attempto. 
 A-SAYLYD. Insultns. 
 
 A-SAYLYN. Insilio, CATH. 
 A-SAYLYNGE. Insultus. 
 
 A-SCHAMYD, or made a-shamyd. 
 
 Verecundatus. 
 A-SHAMYD, or shamefaste. Vere- 
 
 cundus, pudorosus. 
 AssE, a beste. Asinus. 
 AssENEL, poyson (assenyke, py- 
 
 sone, K. H. p.) Squilla, c. f. 
 Assent, or acent, or a graunte. 
 
 Assensiis. 
 AsFASTE, or a-noon (asfast, or 
 
 anone, p.). Statim, confestim, 
 
 protinus, niox. 
 AssYNGNYN, supra in acynyfi 
 
 (asynyn or acynyn, p.) 
 AsKER. Petitor, postulator. 
 
 AsKYS, or aschys (aske or asche, 
 K. II. p.) ^ Ciner, cinis, c. F. 
 
 AsKYSYE (askefise, k. p. aske- 
 fyse, n?) Ciniflo, ug. in flo, 
 
 CATII. 
 
 AsKYN. Peto, postulo, posco. 
 AsKYNGE. Peticio, postulacio. 
 AscHE tre. F^'cixinus. 
 As LET, or a-slowte (asloppe, n. 
 
 a slope, p.) ObJi(]ue, 
 AsoYLYN of synnys (or defautes, 
 
 p.) Ahsolvo. 
 AsoYNYD, or refusyd. Refutatus. 
 
 ASOYNYN. 
 
 AsoYNYNGE, or refusyngc. 
 
 futacio. 
 AhPE tre. Tremulus. 
 A-SPY5E (aspye, K. h. p.), 
 
 spye. Ejcplorator. 
 AsPYYN. Expdoro. 
 AsPYYNGE. Exployacio. 
 AsPYYD (aspyed, or perceyued, 
 perceptus, 11. p.) Exploratus. 
 
 Re- 
 
 ox a 
 
 C. de Lion, i. 3821. " Frensche men am arwe aud feyiite." In Yorkshire arfe is used 
 in the sense of fearful. See Boucher, under the words Arew, Arf, Arghe, and Arwe ; 
 and Jamieson, under Erf, and Ergh. P. Ploughman uses the verb to arwe, to render 
 timid. 
 
 ' This insect is called in Norfolk, erriwiggle. forby. In the Suffolk dialect, arra- 
 wiggle. MOORE. A. S. ear-wi5j;a, vermis auriculuris. 
 
 2 A. Sax. Axe, axsa, cinis. See Boucher, under the word Ass. 
 
 3 The reading of the Harl. MS. Askysj'e, is here given, althougli probably it is an error, 
 by inadvertence of the scribe. The printed editions all agree with the other MSS. in 
 giving the word Askefise. In the MS. of the Medulla (iramm. in the possession of Sir 
 Thomas Phillipps, No. 1022, ciniflo is rendered, an aske fyse ; and in another, No. 1360, 
 " cinijjhlo, a fyre blowere, an yryn hetere, an askefyce." The word does not occur in 
 several MSS. of tlie Medulla in the Brit. Mus., nor in the Ortus VocabuU)rum, hut in 
 Mr. Wiibraham's curious Latin-English Dictionary, i)rinted about the same time as 
 the Promptuarium, ciniflo is exi)lained to be one, " giii flat in cinere, vel qui preparat 
 pulverem muUebreni. Anglice, aske fyste, a fyre blawer, or an yrne hotter.'' The 
 Harl. MS. 2257, a variety of the Medulla, renders the word " a heter of blode iren, or 
 an axe wadelle ; " and it appears in Hire's Lexic. Suiogoth. v. Aska, that askefis was 
 applied as a term of reproach to those who remained indolently at home by the fireside, 
 as axewaddle is used in Devonshire. See Palmer's Glossary, and Boucher under the 
 word Axewaddle,
 
 16 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 AsTELLE, aschyyd (astyl schyde,i 
 
 K. shyde, p.) Teda, c. f. as- 
 
 tula, CATH. cadia. 
 AsTYLLABYRE, instrument (as- 
 
 tyrlaby, p.) Astrolahium, 
 
 c. F. 
 AsTONYED, or a-stoyned yn man- 
 
 nys wytte. Attonitus, conster- 
 
 natus, stupefactus, perculsus. 
 As TON YD, as mannys wytte. At- 
 
 tono, CATH. UG. in tono. 
 AsTONY'NGE, or a-stoynynge yn 
 
 wvtte. Stupefactic, conster- 
 
 natio, attonicio. 
 AsTOYNYN, or brese werkys. 
 
 (astoyn, or brosyn, p.) Quatio, 
 
 quasso, cath. 
 AsTORYN, or instoryn wyth nede- 
 
 fuUe thyngys. Instauro. 
 Astray, or a best ]>at goythe 
 
 astray. Palans, c. f. vagula, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 AsTRAYLY (astray, or astrayly, 
 p.) Palahunde, kylw. 
 
 (AsTRETCHYN or arcchyn. At- 
 tingo, P.). 
 
 (ASTROLOGERE. Astl'ologUS, P.) 
 
 (Astrology. Astrologia, p.) 
 AsTRONOMERE. Astronomus. 
 Astronomye. Astrunomia. 
 A-STRUT, or strutyngly (strowt- 
 
 ingly, P.) Turgide. 
 A-SUNDYR. Distinctus, divisus, 
 
 disjunctus. 
 A-soNDYR, or brokyn. Fractus. 
 A-suNDERLY. Disjunctim, separ- 
 
 atim, divishn. 
 AsuRE.'^ Asura. 
 AsuRYN, or insuryii. Assecuro, 
 
 securo. 
 Attachyn, supra in arestyn. 
 Athamyd, as a wesselwyth drynke 
 
 (atamed, p.)^ Attaminatus, Dice. 
 
 depleius, cath. 
 Attamyn a wesselle wyth drynke, 
 
 or abbrochyn. Attamino, depleo. 
 Atthamynge of a wesselle wyth 
 
 drynke. Attanmiacio, depletio. 
 A-tastyn. Pregusto. 
 Atteynyn, supra in strechyn 
 
 (astretchyn, p.). 
 Atteyntyn. Convincu. 
 Attyr, fylthe.^ Sanies. 
 Attyrcoppe."* Aranea. 
 
 1 See ScHYYD. /tstelle, es/elle, copeau, eclat de bois, roquef. a piece of a wooden 
 log cleft for burning. 
 
 2 " Lnzirivm, i. e. incavstum, or asurcoloi'.r," out. voc. See Ducauge, under the word 
 Lazur ; and directions " for to make fyn azure of laj)is lazuli," and distinguishing lapis 
 lazuly from "lapis almaine, of whiche men niaken a blew bis azure." Sloan. MS. 73. 
 f. 2\:y, b. 
 
 ■' John de Garlandia says, " Precones vini clamant ffula hianle vinum attammatumin 
 taberniH, portando vinum temptaudum, fuHum in cratere,^' which the gloss renders 
 atamyd. Liber dictus Diccionarius, Ilarl. MS. 1002, f. 177, b. 
 
 4 A. Sax. A-ttar, venenum. "This sore is full of matter, or ater ; purulentum." 
 HoRM. Alter has the same sense in Norfolk at the present time, and Skinner mentions 
 the word as commonly used in Lincolnshire. See wiiytouwre. 
 
 6 A. Sax. Atter-coppa, aranea, literally a cup, or head of poison. See a curious tale 
 of the effect of the venom of the atturcop|)e at Shrewsbury, in the Preface to Lang- 
 toft's Chron. Hearne, i. p. cc. The Medulla renders aranea, an attcrcoppe, and the 
 English Gloss, on the " Liber vocatus Equus," Harl. MS. 1002, f. 114, exi)lains the 
 same word as addurco)). I'alsgrave gives " AddircO)) or Spiners web, Araiynie ; " and
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 17 
 
 A-TYRE, or tyre of women.' Re- 
 
 dimiculum, cath. cultus, c. f, 
 A-TYRYN yn womeyns a-ray, supra 
 
 in AuAYVi. Redimio, o)'mo,cath. 
 Atreet (atrete, p.) Tractathn^ 
 
 {tracthn., distincte, K.) 
 A-TWYXYN (atwexyn, h. atwyxt, 
 
 p.) Inter. 
 A-turneye (aturne, k. h. p.) 
 
 Snffectus, c. f. atturnatus, sub- 
 
 stitutus. 
 Atte Jje laste. Tandem, de- 
 mum, novissime. 
 A-WHYLE (avayle, K. p. awayt, 
 
 w.) 2 Profectus, proventus, 
 
 emolumentum. 
 A-vaylyn, or profytyn. Valeo, 
 
 prosum, CATH. 
 A-wAYTE, or waytynge (awayt- 
 
 inge, p.) E.rploracio, ea-pto- 
 
 ratus. 
 (AwAYTiNGE, or takiuge heede, 
 
 p. Attendens.) 
 
 A-VAUNCEMENT. Benejicium. 
 
 A-vAUNCYD (avauntyd, h. avaunt- 
 ed, p.) Benejiciatus. 
 
 A-VAUNCE, orboste(avaunt, K. p.) 
 Jactancia, arrogancia. 
 
 A-VAUNTYN, or boostyn.^ Jacto, 
 arrogo, ostento. 
 
 A-VANTAGE (auauntage, p.) Pro- 
 ventus, CATH. emolumentum, 
 avauntagium, {prerogativa, p.) 
 
 AwBE (awlbe, p.) Alha, poderis, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 AwBEL or ebelle tre (ebeltre, 
 K. p.) * Ebonus, viburnus, 
 Dice, i^ebenus, p.) 
 
 AwBURNE coloure. Citrinus. 
 
 AwEordrede. Timor, pavor, ter- 
 ror, formido. 
 
 A-WEY, or nott here. Absens. 
 
 AuELONGE (awelonge, H. awey- 
 longe, p.) 5 Oblongus. 
 
 AvENCE lierbe.^ Avancia, sana- 
 tnunda. 
 
 Ray says that in Cumberland the word attercob signifies the web, as it does also in York- 
 shire. See BOUCHER and jamieson. In the Legenda Aurea, spiders are called spyn- 
 coppes. Saynt Felyx, f. 72. In Trevisa's version of the Pol3rchronicon, it is said that 
 in Ireland " there ben attercoppes, bloode-soukers, and eeftes that doon none harme.'' 
 Caxton, f. 63, b. 
 
 1 " Atyre for a gentilwomans heed, atour.^'' palsg. See hereafter under tyre. 
 
 - " Auayle, 7;roM^7." palsg. See an enactment in Rot. Pari. VI. 203, regarding 
 certain manors " with all proufites and avayles to the same perteyning." 
 
 3 " Though you do neuer so many good dedes, you lese your made if you auaunte 
 you of them, se vanter.'" palsg. The word occurs in another sense in Elyot's Librarie, 
 " Vendito, to sell often, to auaunt, venditatio, an auaunt." 
 
 ♦ It is very doubtful what tree is here intended. Forby observes that in Norfolk 
 the asp tree, jmpulus trernula, is called ebble, which seems to be merely a variation of 
 abele, the name given by botanists to the populus alba. In a vocabulary in Harl. 
 MS. 1002, viburnum is rendered " a awberne." The Promptuary gives hereafter eban 
 TVLZ, Ebanus. In early French writers the " bois d'aubor'" is often mentioned as ia 
 esteem for making bows, but its nature has not been satisfactorily explained, and pos- 
 sibly it may have been identical with the awbel. In German the yew tree is called <>6e«. 
 
 * This word occurs again hereafter, w'arpyn, or wex wronge oravelonge as vesselle, 
 oblongo. In Harl. MS. 1002, f. 119, oblongo is rendered to make auelonge ; and in the 
 editor's MS. of the Medulla, oblonyus is rendered auelonge. A. S. Awoh, oblique. 
 Moore gives the word avellong, used in Suffolk, when the irregular shape of a field 
 interferes with the equal distribution of the work. 
 
 ^ Ayeus, cari/ophilffifa. skinnku. The virtues attributed, at the time the Promp- 
 CAMD. SOC. D
 
 18 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 AvENE of corn (awene, k. awne, 
 
 p.) 1 Arista, CATH. 
 AvENERE.^ Abatis, diiorum ge- 
 
 nerum, cath. 
 A-VENTURE. Fortuna. 
 A-WERE, or dowte (awe, k. p.) ' 
 
 Dubiion, a)nhigimm, per- 
 
 plexus. 
 AwFYN of jje chekar.' Alfimis. 
 AwGRYM.-^ AlgarisviKs. 
 AvYSEMENT. Indicie, deliberacio, 
 AvYSYD. Provisus, avisatus. 
 
 A-VYSYN. Delibero. 
 
 AwKE, or angry.*' Contrarius, 
 
 bilosus, ])erversus. 
 AwKE, or wronge. Sinister. 
 ( AwKLY, or wrongly, k. Sinistre.) 
 AwKELY', or wrawely. Perverse, 
 
 contrarie, bilose. 
 AwMBRERE, or awemenerc (awm- 
 
 nere, k. awmener or amner, p.) ^ 
 
 Elemosinator, ro^atorius, c. f. 
 
 AwMEBRY, or awmery. 
 naritmi, rogatoriwn. 
 
 Elemosi- 
 
 Y 
 
 torium was compiled, to auauace, by some called barefoot, wbicb it resembles, may be 
 found in Roy. MS. 18 A. VI. f. 67, b. It was used in cookery ; see the Forme of 
 Cury, p. 13. By modern botanists it is known as the genm. 
 
 ' " Arista, sjjica, an awne of corne, an ere, or a glene." dict. wilbr, 
 
 2 The avenere was an officer of the household who had the charge of supplying pro- 
 vender for the horses. A curious account of his duties occurs in MS. Sloane, 1986, f. 
 38, b. quoted in Boucher's Glossary. See Afjatis in Ducange and Spelman. The 
 Clerk Avenar occurs in the Household Book of the Earlof Northumberlnnd, 1511, his 
 duties were '' for breving daily of horssemete and liuereis of fewell." Ant. Repert. iv. 233. 
 
 3 " I stand in a wer, wliether I may go or turne agayne, hcsito/'' horm. 
 
 * Tlie awfyn or alphyn was anciently the name of the bishop in the game of chess. 
 Hyde derives it from the Arabic, nl-fil, an elephant. The piece was called by the French 
 
 fol, at an early period, and subsequently avjin. The third chap, of the seconde trac- 
 tate of Caxton's game of the Chesse, 1474, " tretethe of the Alphyns, her office ande 
 maners. The Alphyns oughte to be made ande formede in manere of Juges syttynge 
 in a chayer withe a book open to fore their eyen. Theyr offyce is for to counceylle 
 the Kynge." " Alfyn, a man of the chesse horde, avljin.'" pai.su. See Ducange, 
 Donee's Remarks on the European names of Chessmen, Archa^ol. xi. p. 400, and Sir F. 
 Madden's remarks on the chess-men found in Lewis, Archfeol. xxiv. p. Si'S. Hornian, 
 speaking of chess, says, "We shulde have 2 kyngis, and 2 quyens, 4 alfyns, 4 knyghtis, 
 4 rokis, and lb" paunis." f. 282, b. 
 
 * " Augrym, alijorusme. To counte, reken by cyfers of agryme, enchifrer. To cast 
 an accomptes in aulgorisme with a jienne, enchifrer. To caste an accomptes with 
 coimters, after the aulgorisme maiier, ealcvler. To caste an acconij)tes after the comen 
 maner, with counters, compter jjar iect. I shall reken it syxe times by aulgorisme, or 
 you can caste it ones by counters'' pai.sg. It would hence appear that towards the 
 commencement of the XVIth century the use of the Arabic numerals had in some 
 degree superseded the ancient mode of calculating by the abacus, and counters, which, 
 at the period when the Pronijitorium was compiled, were generally used. Hereafter we 
 find the word countixge noRnic as an evidence. They were not indeed wholly dis- 
 used at a time long subsecjuent : an allusion to calculation by counters occurs in Siiake- 
 speare, and later authors ]irf)ve that they had not been entirely discarded. Algorithm 
 or algorism, a term universally used in the XlV'th and XVtIi centuries to denote the 
 science of calculation by \) figures and zero, is of Arabii; derivation. 
 
 "" Aukwarde frowanle, /yc/Mers. Aukwar leftehanded, gauche, Auke stroke, r«<crs." 
 
 I'AI.SG. 
 
 7 "Saynt .lohan the ICIcniosner was mcrcyfull in suulic wy.-c that he was called al- 
 
 Xi •■ 
 
 y-
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUAf. 
 
 19 
 
 AwMBLARE, as a horse (awmilere, 
 
 K.H. aumlinge horse, p.) ' Gra- 
 
 clarius, c. f. ambulator, amhu- 
 
 larius. 
 AwMYR, or ambyr (awmbyr, k. h. 
 
 p.) Ambra, c. F. 
 (AuMENERE, H. awmeiicr or am- 
 
 neie, p. Elemosinarius.) 
 AwNCETYR. Progenitor. 
 AwNCETRYE. Progenitura, pro- 
 
 sapia, herUitas. 
 AwNDERNE (awndyryn, K. awn- 
 
 dyrn, p.)* Andena, ipoporgiion, 
 
 C. F. 
 
 AwNGEL. Angelus. 
 
 AwNSCHENYD (auncenyd, p.) 
 Antiquatus, veteranus. 
 
 AwNTE, moderys systyr. Ma- 
 teria, CATH. Tia, c. F. 
 
 AvvNTE, faderys systyr. Amita, 
 CATH. (aunfa, p.) 
 
 AwxTYR or happe (aunter, p.)^ 
 
 Fortuna, fortuitus. 
 AwNTRON (awntryn, k. aventryn, 
 
 p.) ' Fortune, cath. 
 AwNTEROws, or dowtefulle. For- 
 
 tunalis, fovtuitus. 
 AwNTERowsLY. Forte, fortassc , 
 
 forsan. 
 A-voydawxce. Evacuacio. 
 A-vovDYD. Fvacuatus. 
 A-voyden.'' Evacuo, devacuo. 
 A-vowE.^ Votum. 
 A-wowYN, or to make a-\vowe. 
 
 (auowen, or make auowe, p.) ' 
 
 Voveo. 
 A-vowYN, or stonde by the for- 
 
 sayde worde or dedo. Adooco, 
 
 CATH.8 
 
 A-vowTERE (avoutrere, h. p.avow- 
 terere, k.) Adulter, adultera. 
 A-vowTRYE. Adulterium. 
 
 mosner, or amener." leg. aur. f. 83. At the inthronization of Abp. Warham, 1504, 
 to each of the tables was appointed an almner, with sewer, panter, and other officers. 
 LEL. COLL. vi. 18. Of the duties of the " aumenere " at the table of a great lord, see 
 a curious English poem, of the times of Henry VI. appended to the " Boke of C'ur- 
 tasye." Sloan. MS. 1J)86", f. 43. De officiariis in curiis Dominorum, 
 ' " Amblyng horse, hacqnenee.''' palsg. 
 
 2 Among " thin^is that ben vsed after the hous," in Caxton's Boke for Traveller.'?, 
 " upon the herthe belongeth woode or turues, two andyrons of yron (biatitleurs), a 
 tonge, agredyron." " Awndyrene, andena.'^ Vocab. Roy. MS. "Aundyern, c/ienef." 
 PALSG. " I lacke a fyre pan and andyars to here up the fuf 1. Alaribun re/ i/popyrgiis" 
 HORM. It appears that andyrons and dogs were not identical, as generally is understood, 
 for in the Inventory of Sir Henry Union's effects, 1596, printed by the Berkshire Ash- 
 molean Society, the two are enumerated as occurring together, and both occur also 
 singly. Cotgrave renders " c/ienets; and landiers, andirons ; harpon defer pour ret enir 
 et arrester uii poulire, dogge of iron. " 
 
 3 "Aunter, «£Z('e«^«re." PALSG. " He bosteth his dedes of aunters." horm. 
 ■* "To aunter, put a thyng in daunger, or aduenture, adueiiturer." palsg. 
 
 5 " To auoyde as water dothe that ronneth by a gutter or synke, se vnyder. To blede, 
 or auoyde bloode." palsg. 
 
 * " Auowe, reM." palsg. This word occurs in R. de Brunne, Wiclif. and Chaucer. 
 The phrase " perfourmed his auowe" occurs in the Legenda Aurea, f. 47. 
 
 7 " I have auowed my pylgrymage unto our lady of Walsyngliam, j'ai adiioue." 
 PALSG. In the same book the word is used in a sense somewhat different. "To auowe, 
 warrant, or make good or upholde, as in marchaundyse or such like. Take this clothe 
 of my worde, I auowe it for good, _;> le pleuuyn.'''' 
 
 8 " But I wol not avowcn that I say.*' cuauc.
 
 20 
 
 PRO.MPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 AwTERE. Altare, ara. 
 
 AwTERSTONE. Supercdtare. 
 
 AwTORYTE (auctorite, p.) Auc- 
 toritas. 
 
 AwTOWRE. Auctor. 
 
 AxYLTRE, or exyltre. Axis. 
 
 (AxE, or exe to hewe, p. Securis, 
 dolabra.y 
 
 A-jEXE (ayen, p.) Iterum, adhuc, 
 rursurn, rursus. 
 
 A-3ENS, or a-gens (ayens or ageyne, 
 p.) Contra, adversus. 
 
 A-3ENWAKDE (ayenwarde, p.) E 
 contrario, e converso. 
 
 A-3EN WYLLE (ayen wyll, p.) In- 
 vite. 
 
 Babe, or lytylle chylde. Infans, 
 
 ptterilus, pusillus, pusio, dist. 
 Babewyx, or babewen (babwyn, 
 
 or babwen, p.) 1 Detipptis, c. F. 
 
 ipos, Jigmentum, chimera. 
 Bably'x, orwaveryn (babelyn, p.) 
 
 Librillo. 
 Babelyxge, or wauerynge. Va- 
 
 cillacio, libriUacio. 
 BABULLE,orbable(babyll, p.)' Li- 
 
 lrilla,CArH. pegma, c.f. cath. 
 
 Babyrlyppyd. Labrosus, cath.' 
 Baker or baxter (bakstar, p.) 
 
 Pistor, panicius, cath. pani- 
 
 Jicus, panifex, panijicator. 
 Bace, or fundament. Basis. 
 Bace, fysche.^ 
 Bace chambyr. Bassaria, vel 
 
 camera bassaria, sive camera 
 
 bassa. 
 Bace pleye. Barrus. Barri, bar- 
 
 rorum, dantur ludi puerorum. 
 Bacenett. Cassis, cath. in galea. 
 Bachelere. Bacularius, bach- 
 
 illarivs, bachalarius. 
 Bacun flesche. Petaso, baco. 
 Bad, or wykyde. Malus. 
 Badde, or nowght worthe. In- 
 
 validus. 
 Badly', orwykkydly. Male,inique. 
 (Baffyn as howndys, k. h. p. 
 
 Baulo, baffo, latro.) 
 Baffynge as howndys folovvynge 
 
 her pray. Nicto, cath. ug. 
 
 glatio. 
 Baffyxge or bawlynge of 
 
 howndys. Baulatus, baffatus. 
 Bage, or bagge of armys (badge, 
 
 p.) ^ Banidium, bannidium,, 
 
 KYLW. 
 
 ' " Babwyne beest, bal/ai/n." palsg. 
 
 2 "■ Lil/rilla, liacultis cum corriyia phimhata ad librandum cames. Pegma, baculus 
 cum massa plumbi in summitate pendente, et ut dicit Cornntns tali baculo scenici Itide- 
 bant.'" CATH. " Librilla dicitur instrunientum librandi, idem est percutiendi lapidesin 
 castra. i. manf/omis, a bable, or a dogge malyote." ort. voc. In the Vocabulary, Roy. 
 MS. 17 C.XVII.f. .56, b. occur under A^owmaar»/o/?«M, with mase and other weapons, 
 " Dog babulle, babrilla, Babulle, Pegma." Palsgrave renders " Bable for a foole, 
 maroite." See Douce's Illustrations of Shakespeare, where will be found numerous 
 representations of the bauble. Baubella, in old French babioles, trinkets, gewgaws. 
 
 ^ Piers Ploughman describes Covetyse as " byttelbrowedeandbaberlupped." In old 
 French the thick lips of some animals are called babeines. RoauEF. 
 
 ■* " Bace, vny bar." PAi.sfi, " Lubin, a base, or sea wolfe. liar, the fish called a 
 base." COTGR. The basse, or sea perch, the lupus of the Romans, labrax lupus, 
 CUV. seems to be the fish here intended, and not the coal-fish, according to the explan- 
 ation in Boucher's Glossary. 
 
 '' " Badge of a gentylman, la deuise (Tung Seigneur." pai.sg. It was a cognisance
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 21 
 
 Bagge, or poke (pocke, k.) *S'rtc- 
 
 culus. 
 Bagge, or sacchelle (sechelle, k.) 
 
 Saccellus. 
 Baggyn, or bocjTi owte, quere 
 
 infra in bocyn. Tumeo. 
 Bagge pype. Panduca, kylw. 
 (Bagge pypere. Panducarius, p.) 
 (Bahciie, or bakynge, k. batche, p. 
 
 Pistui'a.) 
 Bay frute. Bacca. 
 Bay, or wyth-stondynge. Obsta- 
 
 culum. 
 Bayyd, as a horse (bay, p.) Ba- 
 
 dius, VG. et ibi nota omnes 
 
 color es eqxiorutn. 
 Bayyn, or berkyn a-yene (agejTie, 
 
 p.) Relatro. 
 Baynyd, as benys or pesyn.' Fre- 
 
 sus. 
 (Bakke, flyinge best, k. bak, 
 
 p. flejaige byrde, w. ^ Vesper- 
 
 tilio.) 
 Bakke. Dorsum. 
 Bakke of a beste. Tergus, cath. 
 Bakke of man, or woman. Ter- 
 
 gum, cath. 
 
 Bakke of egge toole. Ebiculura. 
 Bakkebytere. Detractor, de- 
 
 tractrix, oblocutor, oblocutrix. 
 Bagbytyn (bakbyten, p.) De- 
 
 traho, detracto, catii. 
 (Bakbytyng, k. backebytinge, p. 
 
 Detractio, oblocutio.J 
 Bakhowse, or bakynge howse. 
 
 Pistrina, pistrinutn, cath. 
 Bakyx, or to bake. Pinso, pani- 
 
 jico. 
 Baky'n, or bake (baked, p.) 
 
 Pistus. 
 Bakyn vnder ]je askys (aschys, 
 
 k.). Subcinericius. 
 Bakynge (or bahche, k.) Pis- 
 
 tura. 
 Bakynge howse. Panificium. 
 Bakvvard, orbakstale.3 A retro. 
 Baxter, supra in baker (bakstare, 
 
 K. p.) 
 Bakun, supra in bacun. 
 Bakwarde. Retro, retrorsum. 
 Balle of pley. Pila. 
 Balle of J)e ye (iye, p.) Pupilla. 
 Balke yn a howse.'* Trabes, 
 
 trabecula, co.mm. 
 
 or ornament, forming part of the livery assigned by a chieftain to his followers, which 
 led to the use of uniforms. The word is probably derived from A.S. beag, corona, ar- 
 milla. See in Harl. MS. 4G32, an interesting list of badges of cognisance, printed in 
 Collect. Topogr. et Genealogica, vol. III. p. 54. 
 
 • This word seems to signify slielled, and consequently jjrepared for the table, from 
 bayn, ready. See Jamieson and Boucher. In Norfolk beiu means pliant or limber, 
 FORBY. Compare beyn or plyaunte, which occurs hereafter. 
 
 ^ '' Lucifuya, quedarn avis lucent fugiens, a backe." ort. voc. " Backe, a beest 
 that flyeth, chauvesouris." palsg. '• Vespertilio, a reremouse or backe." eliot. 
 A.S. Hrere-mus. 
 
 3 Bakstale may be derived from A. S. stael, stal, locus, status. In German stelleii 
 signifies to place. 
 
 * " With his owen hand than made he ladders three, 
 To climben by the renges and the stalkes 
 Unto the tubbes honging in the balkes." chauc. Miller's Tale. 
 
 A.S. Bale, trabs. " Trabes, a beame, or a balke of a hous." ort. voc. "Balke, 
 pouste,^^ i. e.pouire. palsg.
 
 22 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Balpley, or pley (plainge, p.) 
 
 at ]>e balle. Pililudus. 
 Balpleyere. PilUitdlus, Upi- 
 
 dulus idem est, ludipUus. 
 Balaunxe. Statera, Uhra, fa- 
 
 lanx (balanx, P.) trutina. 
 Baldemoyk (baldmony, k. balde- 
 
 monye, p.)' Genciana. 
 Bale, or bane.^ Mortiferum, 
 
 to.riciim, letiferinn, letale. 
 Bale of spycery, or other lyke. 
 
 JBulga, c. F. 
 Balle, schepys name. Ballator., 
 
 haUatrix (halator, p.) 
 Baleys.^ Virga. 
 Baly (baley, p.) * BalUvus. 
 Baly, or seriaunt men arestynge. 
 
 Angarius, cath. apparitor. 
 Ballyd. Calvus. 
 Ballydn'esse. Calvicies. 
 
 Balyschepe (balyshype, k.) 
 
 JBalliatus. 
 Balke in a bowse, *?//))•«. Trahs. 
 Balke of (on, p.) a Icmde eryd.* 
 
 Porca, CATH. 
 Balkyn, or to make a balke yn a 
 
 londe (in erynge of londe, P.) 
 
 Porco, c. F. in porca. 
 Balkyn, or ouerskyppyn. Omitto. 
 B A l n Ew, or pleyn (balwe, or playne, 
 
 p.) ^ Planus. 
 Ban X A RE, or cursere. Impre- 
 
 cator, imprecatrix, maledicus, 
 
 maJedica. 
 Bane, or poyson (^supra in bale, 
 
 p.) Vide supra. Mortiferum, 
 
 exitium, into.ricutn, letiferum. 
 Bane of a pley (or mariage, p.) 
 
 Banna, coragium, c. f. {pre- 
 
 ludium, p.) 
 
 * " Look how a sick man for his hele 
 Takith baldemovn with the canele. " 
 
 GOWER. 
 
 Of the virtues attributed to this herb, see Roy. MS. 18 A, VI. " Genciana ys an herbe 
 that me clepyth baldemoyne, or feldewort.'' 
 
 2 The signification here given to bale is uncommon ; its usual meaning is mischief, 
 woe or calamity. Thus Hanipole, in the Pricke of Conscience, calls the day of doom 
 " the day of bale and bitterness." A.S. Balew, exUiuin. 
 
 3 Hereafter occurs in the Promptorium jerde baleys, virya. Virga is rendered a 3erde 
 or a rodde, med. and ort. voc. ; and such the baleys seems to have been, and not a 
 besom, ia/ai, in the present sense of the word. Matthew Paris relates that in 1252, 
 a person came to perform penance at St. Alban's, "ferens in mann virgam quamvtclga- 
 Titer baleis appellamus,^'' with which he was disciplined by each of the brethren. Wats 
 in the Glossary observes, " Jta Norfolcienses niei vocant virgam majorem, et ex plttribus 
 longioribiis viminibus ; qualtbus utuntur pcedagogi .severiores in sc/iolis.'" Baleys occurs 
 in Piers Ploughman in the same sense. Forby does not notice it : but the verb to balase 
 occurs amongst the provincialisms of Shropshire ; see Hartshorne's Salopia Antiqua. 
 
 * In the Wicliffite version Baili seems to imply the charge or office, " jelde reken- 
 ynge of thi baili, for thou myght not now be baylyf." Luc. 16. " He is my ryue and 
 bayly, Inquilinus prediorum vrhicorum et rusticorum." horm. 
 
 * " Crebro, a balke bitwyne two furrowes. Porca vor at furfur, aratrum vult ver- 
 tere porcam." med. harl. ms. 22.57. " He hath made a balke in the lande, scannum 
 
 fecit, sive crudum solum et inmoium reliqnit " horm. " Baulke of lande, separaison." 
 PALSG. A.S. Bale, porca. The word is still in use in Norfolk and Suffolk. 
 
 * In Gawayn and the Green Knyjt occur the expressions "a balj berg," and " balje 
 hawnche3," which are explained by Sir F. Madden to mean ample, swelling. Mr. 
 Stevenson, however, in Boucher's Glossary, interprets the word as smooth or unwrinkled.
 
 I'ROMPTORIUM PARVULORUiM. 
 
 23 
 
 Banere. VexilluM. 
 
 Bannyx, or waryyn. Imprecor, 
 maledico, execrov. 
 
 Banynge, or cursynge. Impre- 
 cation maledictio. 
 
 Banyowre, or bannerberere. Vex- 
 illarius, vexillifer, primipilus, 
 
 UG. 
 
 Banke of watyr. Ripa. 
 Banke of Jje see. Litus. 
 Banker.! Scamnarium, amphi- 
 
 taha, c. F. UG. 
 Banyschyd (banysshed, p.) Ban- 
 
 nitus, exulatus. 
 Banschyn (banysshe, p.) Bannio. 
 
 Bannyschynge. Bannicio, ban- 
 nit us, exdium. 
 Baptym.^ Baptismus, haptisma, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 (Baptyst, or baptisar, p. Bap- 
 tista?) 
 
 Baptyzyn (baptyse, p.) Baptizo. 
 
 Baratowre.3 Pugnax, cath. 
 rixosus, c. F. jurffosus. 
 
 Barbaryx frute. Barbeum, c. F. 
 
 Barbaryn tre (barbery, p.) Bar- 
 bar is. 
 
 Barbican by-fore a castelW 
 Antemurale, kylw. 
 
 Barboure. Barbitonsor. 
 
 ^ The banker was a cloth, carpet, or covering of tapestry for a form or bench, from 
 the French " banqnier, topis pour mettre surun banc, stiar/ulum abaci." nicot. cotgr. 
 " Amphitapa est tapetum circumfilosum, a woU loke." ort. " Tapes utrinque villostts." 
 Due; denoting the coverings of arras and tapestry work, wrouglit, perhaps, on both 
 sides, such as are enumerated in the Inventory of Sir John Fastolfe's effects, 1459. 
 Archseol. xxi, 257, 2G5. We there also find " Banker, hangyng tapestry worke," 
 which may mean the tapestry commonly in use for hangings, or that the Banker was in 
 this instance the covering of a high- backed seat, over which it was hung. In an earlier 
 Inventory of the Priory, Durham, 1-146, occur "iij Bankquerez /;a/ear de hlodio intenso 
 et remisso ; cosfera pro ornatu mnrorum ejusdem camera;,'''' these last being of the 
 same suit as the Bankers, that is, of cloth of say, paly dark blue and light. Inventories 
 published by the Surtees Society, i. 92. In the Teutonic, banck-u-erck is rendered by 
 Kilian, " tapes, opus polt/tnitum, vulgo bancalia, scamnalia, subsellii stragulnni.'" A 
 Vocabulary of nearly the same date as the Promptorium gives " pepotasina, bac/iis, ban- 
 quere.'' Roy. ms. 1". C. XVII. This word has been in Boucher's Glossary incorrectly 
 explained to mean a table-cloth. 
 
 2 Baptym is not an error of the scribes, but a singular corruption of ortho- 
 graphy. In the other ^NISS. as well as the printed editions, the same spelling occurs. 
 In the Wicliffite version it is thus written, as also baptym, and baptem, in tlie Legenda 
 Aurea. The observation would be trivial, did it not afford au evidence of the predomi- 
 nant influence of the French language in England at the period ; the word is evidently 
 thence received, and not from the Latin. 
 
 3 Compare hereafter debate maker, or barator, incenfor. feyghtare, orbaratowre, 
 pugnux, which is distinguished from feyghtare, pugnator, showing that the word 
 implies one of a contentious disposition, and not an actual combatant. 
 
 •• Spelman explains the barbai-an to be " tnuuimen afronte castri, alitfr antemurale 
 dictum ; etiam foramen in iirbium castrorumque mceniis ad /ragicioida nii-isilia. Sa.r. 
 burgekening. Vox Arabica." Pennant asserts that the Saxons called the barbican to 
 the north-west of Cripplegate, burgh-kenning ; other writers have suggested a ditfcrent 
 etymology, A.S. burk-beacn, urbis specula. Bullet would derive it from the Celtic, Aar, 
 before, bac/i, an enclosure. Lye gives barbacan as a word ado])tpd in the Anglo-Saxon 
 language, and we must certainly not seek thence its derivation. Tlic best si>ecimens of 
 the outworks to which tliis name w.as given were at York, and called the Bars, of which 
 one still exists in good preservation.
 
 24 
 
 PROMPTORIUiM PARVULORUM. 
 
 (Barborery, or barborysh hous, 
 
 K. barbours hous for shauynge. 
 
 p. JBarbitondium.^ 
 Barbylle fysche (barbell fisshe, 
 
 p.) Barhyllus. 
 Barbulle, sekenes of jje mowthe.' 
 Bare. Nudus. 
 Baryn, or to make bare. Nudo, 
 
 denudo. 
 Baryne (bareyn, p.) Sterilis. 
 Bareynte (bareynesse, p.) Ste- 
 
 rilitas. 
 Barelle. Cadiis. 
 Barenesse. Nuditas. 
 Barre of a gyrdylle, or o)jer 
 
 barneys.^ Stipn. 
 Barre of J)e schyttynge of adore 
 
 (shettinge, p.) Pessulum, re- 
 
 jmgulum, vectis, clatrus, cath. 
 Barre abowte a graue or awter 
 
 (barres, p.) Barre, plur. c. f. 
 
 UG. in gero, (cerre, p.) 
 (Barred as agirdell, p. Stipattis.) 
 Barryd wyth yreii. Garratus, 
 
 UG. (cerratus, p.) 
 
 Barren harnes. Stipo, constipo. 
 Barryn dorys, (wyndowus, k.) or 
 
 o)>er shyttynge. Pessulo, repa- 
 
 gulo. 
 Barrynge of dorys (or other 
 
 shettynge, p.) Repagulacio, 
 
 obseracio. 
 Barrynge of barneys. Stipacio, 
 
 constipacio. 
 Barrere, or barreere (barry3er, 
 
 K.) Pararium, barraria, bar- 
 
 rus, c. F. 
 Bargayne (bargany, p.) Lici- 
 
 tacio, stipulacio, cath. 
 Barganyyn, or to make a bar- 
 gayne. Stipulo, cath. mercor, 
 
 licito, UG. c. F. 
 Barge, schyppe. Barcha. 
 Barke. Cortex. 
 Barke, powdyr of (for, p.) lethyr. 
 
 Feruiiixmi (f)iinium, p.) cath. 
 Barkere (barkar, p.) Cerdo, 
 
 frunio, c. f. 
 Barkarys barkewatyr (barkars 
 
 water, p.) Naucea, c. F. 
 
 ' "Rnrhn^, pajnda. roy.j>is. IT C, Wll. de infrmifatibns. It is probably the same as 
 '' barbes, pushes or little bladders under the tongues of horses and cattell, the which 
 they kill, if they be not speedily cured. Barbes aux veaux, the barbies." cotgr. 
 
 - The ornaments of the girdle, which frequently were of the richest description, were 
 termed barres, and in French c/o?U'; they were perforated to allow the tongue of the 
 buckle to pass through them. Originally they were attached transversely to the wide 
 tissue of which the girdle was formed, but subsequently were round or square, or fa- 
 shioned like the heads of lions, and similar devices, the name of barre being still re- 
 tained, though improperly. Thus a citizen of Bristol bequeathed in 1430, '^ zonam 
 hamizaiam cum harris argenti rotumlis." In the description of the girdle of Richesse, 
 in Chaucer's llomaunt of the Rose, we read, 
 
 " The barris were of gold full fine 
 Upon a tissue of sattin. 
 Full hevie, grete and nothing light, 
 In everiche was a besaunt wight." 
 In the original, " les cloux furent cVor epnre." The word was similarly applied to 
 the ornaments of other parts of costume, such as the garter, worn by the Knight of the 
 Order, or spur-leathers, as in Gawayn and the Green Kny^t, i. 287. 
 
 " clene spares under 
 
 Of bry^t golde vpon silke hordes 
 Barrid ful rvchc."
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 25 
 
 Barkyn lethyi'. Frunio, tanno, 
 tannio, c. F. 
 
 Barkynge of lethyr (lethyr or 
 ledyr, p.) Frunicio. 
 
 Barlylepe, to kepe yn corne 
 (barlep, p.) ' Cumera, ug. in 
 camos. 
 
 Barly corne. Ordeum, triticum, 
 c. F. 
 
 Barly'sele.* Tempus ordeacium. 
 
 Barlymele. Alphita, ug. in al. 
 
 Barme.3 Gremiura. 
 
 Barmclotiie, or naprun.^ Li- 
 mas., CATH. 
 
 Barnyskyn (barme skyn, p.) ^ 
 
 MeJotes, CATH. c. F. meluta, 
 
 UG. in mellese. 
 Barooxe lorde (barun or baron, 
 
 p.) Baro. 
 Baronesse. BaronLssa. 
 Baronye. Baronia. 
 Bartryn or changjTi, or chafare 
 
 oone thyiige for a othere. Cam- 
 
 bio, campso, cath. 
 Bartrynge, or changynge of 
 
 chafyre. Cambium, c. f. 
 Barowe.^ Cenovectorium, ce- 
 
 noviuiti, ug. in cenon, c. F. 
 Baselarde.^ Sica, c. f. cluna- 
 
 bulum, CATH. (pugio, brit. p.) 
 
 1 " i^or/a, a here lepe, or basket." ort. voc. In one MS. of the Medulla it is 
 rendered "a berynge lep." A.S. Bere, hordeum, leap, corbis. See beringe lepe, 
 
 2 In Norfolk at the present time the season of sowing barley is termed barley-sele, in 
 Suffolk, barsel- forby, moore. A.S. sel, occasio. 
 
 ' " And in hire barme this litel child she leid." chauc. A.S. bearm, gremium. 
 * Chaucer uses the word ; it occurs in the Miller's Tale : 
 
 " A barme cloth as white as morrow milke 
 Upon her lends, full of many a gore." 
 
 The Medulla explains limas to be " vestis que protenditur ah umbilico usque ad pedes, 
 qud utuntur servi coci et femine. ^w^r/ice, barm cloth." A.S. barm-rsegl, or barm- 
 da's, mappula, elfric. 
 
 5 The melotes is explained in the Catholicon to be " quedam vestis de pilis vel pel- 
 libus taxi facta, a collo pendens usque ad Inmbos, qud monachi utuntur. Et iste habitus 
 est necessarius propi-ie ad operis exercitium, eademut pera id dicunt.^'' Uguitiosays, 
 " tnelota ex pellibtis caprinis esse dicitur, ex und vero parte dependens.'''' See Ducange. 
 The King's MS. gives barniskyn, but the reading of the printed editions appears to 
 be preferable, barme-skyn, implying simply an apron formed of the skin of a beast. 
 Barm-skin is preserved in the dialect of Lancashire, where it means a leathern apron. 
 
 ^ A barowe or crowde was a small vehicle, whether precisely similar or not to tiie 
 barrow of the present times, cannot be asserted. When Sir Amiloun was worn out 
 with leprosy, and reduced to " tvelf pans of catel," the faithful Amoraunt expended 
 that little sum in the purchase of a barowe, therein to carry the knight about. 
 " Therwith thai went ful yare 
 
 And bought hem a gode croude wain." Amis and Amiloun, 1867. 
 A.S. berewe, vectula. " Cenovectorium, a berw. Instrumentum cum quo deportatur 
 cenus." MED. See CROWDE, barowe. 
 
 7 The Baselard was a kind of long dagger, which was suspended to the girdle, and 
 worn, not only by the armed knight, but by civilians, and even priests. 'I'tius Piers 
 Ploughman, in allusion to the neglect of clerical propriety, says, 
 " Sir John and Sir Jcftery hath a girdle of silver, 
 
 A baselard, or a ballocke knife, with bottons ouergilt." 
 
 Knighton tells us that the weapon with which Sir William Walworth put Jack Straw to 
 death was a basillard. Sir William was a member of tlie Fishmongers' Company, wlio 
 CAMD. SOC. E
 
 2G 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Basket, or panyere (paiiere, p.) 
 
 Calathns. 
 Basket, or a lepe.^ Sporta, corhes 
 
 (^canistrum, cartallum, p.) 
 Bassenett, supra in bacenett 
 
 (basnet, p.) 
 Basone wesselle (basun or bason, 
 
 vessell, p.) Pelvis. 
 Baaste, not wedloke (bast, p.) 
 
 Bastardia. 
 Bastarde. Sastardus, nothiis.'^ 
 Bastarde, comyn of fadyr and 
 
 modyr genteylle (comyn of un- 
 
 gentyl fadyr and gentyl moder, 
 
 p.) Spurius, spuria, cath. 
 Bastarde, of fadyr gentylle, and 
 
 modyr vngentylle. Nothus, 
 
 notha, CATii. 
 Bastyle of a castelle or cytye.^ 
 
 Fascennia, UG. infacio. 
 Bastyn clothys.** Suhsuo, cath. 
 
 sutulo. 
 
 Bastynge of clothe. Suhsutura, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Batayle. Sellum, pugna, dti- 
 
 ellum. 
 Batte staffe.5 Perticulus, cath. 
 
 fustis, hatilhcs, UG. in hachis. 
 Battyn, or betyn wytb stavys 
 
 (battis, p.) Fustigo, haculo. 
 Batyn, or abaten of weyte or 
 
 mesure. Suhtralw. 
 Batyx, or make debate. Jurgor, 
 
 vel seminars discordias, vel dis- 
 
 rordare. 
 Battfowlere. Aucuhaculator, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Batfowlyn (or go to take birdes 
 in the nyght, p.) Ancuhaciilo. 
 
 Battefowlynge.^ Aucubacu- 
 latus, (cath. in hamis, p.) 
 
 Bathe. Ba Ineum, baltiearium, 
 hulneatorium, UG. 
 
 Bathynge. Balneacio. 
 
 still preserve the weapon traditionally recorded to have been used by him on this occa- 
 sion, and which he presented to the Company. Among Songs and Carols edited by Thos. 
 Wright, is a spirited poem describing the baselard. " Fttgio, a dagger or a baslarde." out. 
 " A hoked baslarde {bizachitis) is a perels wepon with the Turkes." horm. In old 
 French bazclaire, hadelaire, i'rom baUhcarin, roquef. See Ducange, hanalardvs. 
 
 ' See lf;ep, or baskett. " Lepe, or a basket, corbeille," palsg. A.S. leaji, corhis. 
 
 2 " Bast, bd/a>-d." roquef. " He was bigeten o baste, God it wot.'' Artour and 
 Merlin. Weber, iii. 3G0. 
 
 3 7^tf«cen?a is explained to be '^ clansibilis vallatio circa castra et civitaies que solet 
 fieri qtiibitudam J'uscibvii stipnlarum et lif/nurum.''' cath. " Clustvre de bois, palis.''' 
 
 CATH. AUBREV. Roqucfort gives " Ba.stilie, c/idfeau de boi.1." In Caxton's boke of the 
 Faytofarmes, i)art ii. c. xxiiii. of habillements that behouen to an assawte, are di- 
 rections at length respecting bastylles and bolwtrks of wood, formed with palebordes 
 called penelles, with defences after the manner of towers, and other batellcments. See 
 also c. XXXIV. Lord Berners, in his translation of Froissart, writes, "They landed lytell 
 and lytell, and so lodged in Calays, and thereabout, in bastylles that they made dayly." 
 
 * " This dublet was nat well basted at the first, and that maketh it to wrinkle thus, ce 
 pourpoyni n'estoii pas bieri basty.''' palsg. Chaucer uses this word, Rom. of the Rose, 
 "Withathrede basting my slevis." "Besten. Fris, Sicambr. Icri/er consuere.'^ kilian. 
 
 * This word occurs in the Wicliffite version. Matt. xxvi. 47, " Lo .Judas, oon of the 
 twelve, cam, and with him a greet cumj)any with swordis and battis.'' A.S. hatx, fustin. 
 
 * " Batfowlynge, la pipee.'' palsg. The Catholicon explains fiamis to be '^/uslis 
 aucvpribilis, scil. virf/ula que sns/iitet rhctc in quo capimihirfere, vel que Icvat rhele in 
 quo capiuntur avea."
 
 PROMPTORIUM PAHVULORIJM. 
 
 2/ 
 
 Batyldoure, or wasshynge bc- 
 
 tylle.i Feretorium, Dice. 
 Batylment of a walle. Pro- 
 
 pugnuculum. 
 Batowre of flowre and mele wyth 
 
 water (batour, p.) Mola, c. F. 
 Bawde. Lena. 
 Bawdekyn clothe, or (of p.) 
 
 sylke. Olosericus, c. f. olo- 
 
 serica, cath. ug. 
 Bawderyke.^ Strojihius, cath. 
 Bawme, herbe or tre. Balsamus, 
 
 ineUssa, melago. 
 Bawme, oyle (baume, p. beaume, 
 
 J. N.) Balsamum. 
 Bawmyn (balmyn, p.). BaJsamo. 
 Bawstone, or bawsone, or a gray 
 
 (baunsey or bauston, best, p.) ^ 
 
 Taxus, melota, cath. 
 Bee, a beste. Apis. 
 Be betyn. Vapulo. 
 Be besy. Solicitor. 
 Be borne. Nascor. 
 
 Be buxum, or obedyent to anojjyr 
 
 (obeyyn, K. Obedio.) 
 Besegyde. Obnessus. 
 Becegyn. Ohsideo. 
 Besegynge. Obsidio. 
 Becekyn, or prey (besechc or 
 
 pray, p.) Rogo, ova, deprecor. 
 Besekynge, or prayere. Depre- 
 
 cacio, stipplicacio, oracio, ru- 
 
 gatus, rogacio. 
 Begem YX. Decet. 
 Besemynge, or comelynesse. De- 
 
 cencia. 
 Beche, tre. Fagus, cath. 
 Becydyn. Jvxta, secus. 
 Besyttyn, or dysposyn (beccttyn, 
 
 K. besette, p.) Bispono. 
 Bed. Lectus, thorus, stratus, 
 
 stratorium, grabatum. 
 Bedclothe, or a rayment for a 
 
 bed. Lectisternium. 
 Bede, or bedys. Nimieralia, de- 
 
 preculce. c. f. {t'agiile, p.) 
 
 1 " Batyldore, battoner a lessive, betyl to bete clothes with, battoi/?-." palsg. Feri- 
 /ori?<m is explained in the Medulla to be " mstrumentiun cum quo mulieres verherant 
 Venturas in Invando, a battyng stafFe," " or a betyll." ort. voc. 
 
 - " Baudrike, carquunt, baldrike for a ladyes necke, carqnan.^' palsg. Thus is found 
 in the Ort. Voc. " Anabola est ornamentum mulieris a collo dependens, a baudrik." 
 The word had, however, a more general signification ; it is derived, probably, from 
 batidrier, a strap or girdle of leather, but was afterwards used to denote similar appliances 
 of any material, and of costly decoration. In Gawayn and the Grcne Kny^t, bauderyk 
 is the appellation of the guige, or transverse strap by which the shield was suspended 
 round the neck. Hall relates that " Sir Thomas Brandon wore a great baudericke of 
 gold, greate and massy, trauerse his body;" and he further describes the Earl of South- 
 ampton, Great Admiral of England, as " wearing baudrick-wise a chayne at the whych 
 did hang a whistle of gold, set with ryche stones," which was a badge of office. It 
 would appear that the bauderyke was properly a belt worn transversely, as was the 
 "■ baizdre de serico, argento muni turn pro coniu lirqis." liu. garderob. edw. i. 120j). 
 It signified also the cinrjulum, or military belt, and in the Kith century, the jewelled 
 ornament worn round the neck both by ladies, and noblemen. See Hall's Chronicle, 
 p. 508, baldrellus and baldringus in Ducange, and Boucher's Glossary. 
 
 ^ " Bawcyn, or brok, ^'ier, c«s^or, /aoitts.we/o/a." garl. synonym. These words 
 are in the Aledulla and Ortus explained as signifying the brocke. A.S. broc, a badger. 
 The word bausene^ occurs Cott. MS. Nero, A. x. f. (j'2 : and bauciiies in William and 
 the Werwolf. See Bawson in Boucher's Glossary.
 
 28 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Bede, or prayers.^ Oracio, sup- 
 
 plicacio, interventus. 
 Bedman. Orator, supplicator, 
 
 exorator. 
 Bedewoman. Oratruv, suppli- 
 
 catrLv. 
 Bedele. Preco, hidellus. 
 Bedered-man, or woman.^ De- 
 
 cumbens, clinicus, clinica. cath. 
 Bedyn, or proferyn.3 Offero, cath. 
 Bedynge, or proferynge. Oblacio. 
 Beddyxge. Lectisternium, lec- 
 
 tuarium. 
 Bedys, supra in bede. 
 Beddys syde. Sprmda,KYLW. c.F. 
 (Bedlawyr, supra in bedered.^ 
 
 K. p. Decumhens^ 
 Be-drabylyd, or drabelyde. Pa- 
 
 licdosus. 
 Bedstede. Stratum. 
 Be fayne, or welle plesyde. Letor. 
 Byffe, flesche (beff, p.) Bo- 
 
 villa, hosor. 
 Befyce. Filius, (Jilinius, vel pul- 
 
 cher filius, p.) 
 Beforeseyde. Predictus, pre- 
 
 fatus. 
 Beforesette. Prefixus. 
 Beforetyme. Ante, antea. 
 Beforne a thynge (before, p.) 
 
 Coram, ante. 
 Be-fote, or on fote (afote, p.) 
 
 Pedestre, adv. vel pedestris, 
 pedester, cath. 
 
 Beggar. 3Iendicus, mendica. 
 Begetare as a fatbyr. Genitor. 
 Begetare as motbere. Geni- 
 
 trix. 
 Beget YN. Genero, gigno. 
 Begetynge. Genitura, gene- 
 
 racio. 
 Bygylyn (begjle, p.) Decipio, 
 
 fraudo, seduco, circumvenio. 
 Begylyxge, or dysseyte. De- 
 
 cepcio,frattf. 
 Begyle. Fraus. 
 Beggyn, or thyggyn (thigge, p.) ^ 
 
 3Iendico. 
 Beggyn bodely fode, as mete and 
 
 drjTike. Victo, cath- 
 Beggynge. Mendicacio. 
 Begyxnare. Inceptor, inchoator. 
 Begynnyn. Incipio, inchoo. 
 Begyx a-yene (ageyne, p.) Itero. 
 Begynnynge. Incepcio, incho- 
 
 acio, initium, exordium. 
 Begynnynge, or rote of a Jjynge. 
 
 Origo, ortus. 
 Be glad, or mery. Letor, jo- 
 
 cundor. 
 Behold ere, or lokar vpon yn 
 
 seyynge. Inspector. 
 Beholdyn, or seen. Intuor, in- 
 
 spicio, aspicio. 
 Beholdyn, or bowndyn (bebolde 
 
 or bounde, p.) Obligor, teneor. 
 Beholdynge. Inspeccio, intuicio. 
 Be-herte. Cordetenus. 
 
 ' In the Latin-English Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. occurs " rogacio, oracio, 
 deprecacio, a bede or prayer." A.S. bidde, oratio, biddan, joe/ere. 
 
 '•* A.S. bedredda, clinicus. 
 
 3 The verb is used in the sense of proffering in Gawayn and the Green Kny3t, in 
 Robert de Brunne's Clironiclc, and in Sir Tristrem. A. S. he.oAa.n, jubere. 
 
 * In the will of Sir Thomas de Henigrave, dated 1419, among the Hengrave evidences 
 in the possession of John Gai^e Rokewode, Esq. is the following bequest to the bed- 
 ridden poor in Norwich, " Item lego cuilibel puuperum vocatorum bedlawermen infra 
 civitatem jjredictam, iiiid. ad orandum pro aninid med.'" 
 
 * See liereafter thyggynge, mendicacio. A. S. ]'ij;an, accipere cibum.
 
 PUOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 29 
 
 Beheste.' Promifsio. 
 Behynde. Retro, a retro, pone. 
 Behynde, or bakewarde. Re- 
 
 trorsum. 
 Beiiotyn, or make a beheste (or 
 
 behestyn, h. behote or beheste, 
 
 p.) * Promitto, poJUcior. 
 Behouely (behouable, p.) Opor- 
 
 tunus. 
 Behouelynesse (behouablenesse, 
 
 p.) Oportunitas. 
 Behouyx. Oportet. 
 Bey, or boy. Scurrus. 
 Beykynge, or streykynge (strek- 
 
 inge, J. N.) Protencio, extencio. 
 Beyn, or plyaunte (beyen, p.) ^ 
 
 Flexihilis. 
 Beyton hoorse. 
 BEYTox\vythho\vndys,berys,bolys, 
 
 or other lyke. Commordio, cath. 
 
 vel canibus agitare,(^oblatro, p.) 
 Beytynge of horse. Pabulacio. 
 Beytynge of bestysw^^th howndys. 
 
 Exagitacio. 
 (Beytinge of houndes, p. Obla- 
 
 tratus.^ 
 Bek, or lowte. Conqidniscio, c. f. 
 
 {inclinacio, p.) 
 
 Bek watyr, rendylle.* Rivulns, 
 
 torrens. 
 (Beke, tokyn, p. Nidus.) 
 (Beken with the iye, p. Annuto, 
 
 conniveo. Connivet hie oculis, 
 
 annuit ipse manu.) 
 Beknyn (bekyn, p.) Annucio 
 
 {annuo, p.) annuto, nuto, c. f. 
 
 UG. 
 
 Beknyxge, or a bek (bekenynge, 
 
 p.) Annutus, nutus (annic- 
 
 tus, p.) 
 Beekxe, or fyrebome (bekne, k.) 
 
 Far, c. F. et ug. infos. (Pha- 
 
 rics, p.) 
 Be-laggyd.' Madiclatus (j)alu- 
 
 dosus, p.) 
 Belamy. Amicus pulcher, et est 
 
 Gallicum, et Anglice dicitur, 
 
 fayre frynde. 
 Be lawfulle. Licet. 
 Be lefulle, idem est. 
 Beldam, moderys modyr. Bel- 
 
 lona, c. F. 
 Beldam, faders and moders 
 
 modyr, bothe (beldame, faders 
 
 or moders whether it be, p.) ^ 
 
 Avia, cath. c. f. 
 
 ' See BEHOTYN, or make a beheste. In theWicliflSte version Acts ii. 3J) is rendered, 
 " the biheeste is to 50U and to 30ure sones." Herman speaks of making " behestes to 
 God and sayntis. I haue behest a Jiygge to Saynt Antony, voio nuiimpavi.'' " Nutio, i. 
 prornissio, a promyse, or behyghtynge. Fromissio, a beheste." ort. 
 
 2 " To behest or promesse, to behyght." palsg. A.S. behatan, vovere. The 
 Chronicler of Glastonbury, Douglas, relates amongst the miracles of St. Thomas of 
 Lancaster, that a certain sick man " beheten to God and to Seinte Thomas thatte iff he 
 werre hole thatte he schulde come thider to seke him " (at Pomfret.) Harl. MS. 4(i90, 
 f. 64, b. In the WicJiffite version we read, " what euere God hath bihijt he is mi3ti 
 to do," Rom. iv, 21. 
 
 2 Bane in the dialects of Yorkshire and Somerset signifies near, or convenient. 
 
 * " Torrens, aqua xordida ex inundationibus plutiurttm , a beke or ryndcU." A.S. 
 becc, rivulus. The word is commonly used in the North. See Brockett. 
 
 " A passage in Gautier de Bibelesworth, where he speaks of one who has been splashed 
 by horses in miry places, " Ci/ vent viiffarsoim exclate," or esclauotc, has this gloss in 
 the margin, " bilagged wit swirting.'' Arund. MS. 2.0, f. 3(li. A.S. lagu, aqua. 
 
 * " Recommaunde me to your bel-fadre, and to your beldame, a costre tayon et it 
 vostre taije.'^ boke for trav. caxt.
 
 so 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Beeldynge, or byggynge (bild- 
 
 inge, p.) Edijicacio, structura. 
 Belle. Campana. 
 Belevenesse, or feythe. Fides. 
 Bellfray. Camjianarium, ug. 
 Bely. Venter, alvus, uterus. 
 Bellyn, or lowyn as nette (ro- 
 
 ryn, p.) i Mugio. 
 Bellynge, of rorj'nge of bestys 
 
 (bellinge of nete, P.) 3Iu- 
 
 gitus. 
 Belschyd, or made fayre (belched, 
 
 p.) Venustus, decoratus. 
 Belchyx, or make fayre. De- 
 
 coro, venusto. 
 Belshynge (belchinge, p.) Ve- 
 
 nustacio, decoracio. 
 Belsyre, or belfather, faders or 
 
 moders fader. Avus, cath. 
 (Belt, or ax, p.' Securis.^ 
 Belte, or gyrdylle. Zona. 
 Belowe (belows, p.) FoIUs. 
 Belwedyr, shepe. Titurus, c. f. 
 BELLE5TARE (bellejeter, k. bell- 
 
 yatere, p.) ^ Cainpanarius, cat n. 
 Be-lytylle and lytylle. Paru- 
 
 tim, paulisper, paulathn. 
 Beeme, or balke, supra. Trahs. 
 Beeme, or (of p.) lyjhte (lyjthe, 
 
 K.) Radius. 
 Beme lygthte. Radio. 
 
 Beeme of webstarrys lome. Li- 
 
 ciatorium, cath. 
 Be mery' and gladde. Jocundor, 
 
 letor, jocor. 
 Benche. Scamnnm, 
 Bendynge of bowys, or ojjer 
 
 Ivke. Tencio. 
 Bende bowys. Tendo, cath. 
 Been, or to haue bejmge (be or haue 
 
 be, p.) Sum, e.visto, subsisfo. 
 Been abowte yn bysynes, as wyvys 
 
 and men }ti occupacyon (or ben 
 
 besy, p.) Satago. 
 Been abowtyn, or be abowte-warde 
 
 (be abowte or am abowte, p.) 
 
 Alitor, Conor. 
 Been a-knowe wyllfuUy. Con- 
 
 Jiteor. 
 Be a-knowe a-geyne wylle, or be 
 
 constreynynge. Fateor. (Con- 
 Jiteor sponte, fateor mea facta 
 
 cnacte, P.) 
 Been a-qweyntyd or knowyn 
 
 (aqueynt, p.) Noscur. 
 Been a-schamyde. Ertibeo,pudeo. 
 Been ydylle. Vaco. 
 Bene come (been, p.) Faba. 
 (Beneday, p.'* Precare.) 
 Benefyce. Penefcium. 
 Benefyjyd. Peneficiatus. 
 Benett, ordyr.* Exorcista. 
 
 1 " Cheueraux cheyrist et tor torreye, kide motereth, bole bellcth." g. de bibelesw. 
 " denaturele noyse den bestes^ This word is retained in the dialect of Shropshire, and 
 in Somerset to belg has the same sense. See Hartshorne's Salopia Antiqua, and 
 Jenning's Glossary. A.S. bellan, boare. 
 
 - This word apj)ears of rather (juestionable introduction : the printed editions in which 
 it appears omit the next word bklte, or gyrdylle. It is not found in the MSS. 
 
 3 C'a7/i/;a«arm« is explained in the Catholicon to be a bell-founder. See hereafter 
 3ETYN metel, 3ETYNGE of metelle as bellys, fusio. A.S. y;eotere, yM*or. 
 
 •» A. Sax. bene, precatio, daj;, dies. The word seems synonymous with A. Sax. 
 bentiid, rogationum dies, by which name the three days preceding Ascension day were 
 known. 
 
 •' " Exorcista, id est adjnrator rel increpa/or, a benette or a conjurer." ort. The 
 lesser orders in the Christian churcli were four, Os/iarius, Lector, Euorcisia, Aco/yt/ins. 
 
 The
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 31 
 
 Benett, propyr name. Bene- 
 
 dictus. 
 Benethyn (benethe, p.) Inferius 
 (Benwyttre, k. benewith tre, p.)' 
 Bengere of come (bengge, p.)'^ 
 
 Techa. 
 Bengere of a mylle (bengge, p.) 
 
 Ferricapsia, Dice. 
 Bepyr, or bewpyr (beawpere, p.) 
 
 Pulchev pater. 
 Be-plotmele.^ Particulariter, 
 
 partitive. 
 Be-qwethyn, or qwethyn yn 
 
 testament. Lego. 
 Bere, a drynke. HummuJina,vel 
 
 hurnmuli jjotus, aut cervisia 
 
 hummulina (herziza, p.) 
 Bere, or beryn. Porto, gero, 
 
 fero. 
 
 Beryn a-way (or bere awey, p.) 
 
 Asporto, atifero. 
 BEREdowne,or pressedowne. Com- 
 
 primo, deprimo. 
 Beere downe vndyr J)e fote. Sub- 
 
 jjedito. 
 Bere downe, or caste downe to 
 
 grownde. Sterno, prosterno. 
 Bere fellyschyppe (felaweshepe or 
 
 companye, p.) Associo. 
 Bere yn. Infero. 
 Bere owte. Effero. 
 Bere parte, or be partenere. 
 
 Participo, cath. 
 Bere wytnesse. Testificor. 
 Berberyn tre, supra in barbaryn 
 
 tre. 
 Beerde (berde, p.) Barha, ge- 
 
 nohardum, cath. 
 
 The functions of the third extended to the expulsion of evil spirits by the imposition of 
 hands upon persons possessed, recently baptized, and catechumens. The ceremony was 
 always accompanied with aspersion, and the name benett was doubtless taken from the 
 aqiia benedicta, eau benite, or, perhaps, from the vessel called in French beni/ier, which 
 contained the holy- water. In a will dated 1449 is a bequest of "a gret holy-water 
 scoppe of silver, with a staff benature, the sayd benature and staflf weyng xx nobles ia 
 plate." The staff benature was the aspersormm, termed in the Promptorium stkenkyl, 
 halywater stye. Fox, relating the death of Hooper, states that it was part of the cere- 
 mony of degrading Bishops to " take from them the lowest vesture which they had in 
 taking bennet and collet " (i.e. acolyte). Eccles. Hist. iii. 152, A.D. 155.5. T. Becon, 
 in the Reliques of Rome, says, " Boniface V. decreed that such as were but benet and 
 colet should not touch the reliques of saints, but they only which are subdeacons, deacons, 
 and priests." Edit. 156'3, f. 183. 
 
 * This appears to be the wood-bine, which in Swedish is called beenwed. Linn. Flor. 
 Suec. Verelius explains the Icelandic beinuid to be ossea pericliminis species, a bony 
 kind of honeysuckle, be'inwid signifying bone-wood. Ivy is in the North called bind- 
 wood. See Jamieson. 
 
 2 See BYNGGER and bynge, theca, cutnera, A.S. bin. In Norfolk and Suffolk still 
 pronounced biug, as in Danish, bing, cumulus, forby. 
 
 3 This is one of the number of words in which the A. S. Msel, pars, occurs in com- 
 position. The A. S. form of these adverbs is mselum, in parts, bit-mselum, deel-maelum, 
 &c. We have retained piecemeal, but the rest are wholly obsolete. See in Nares, 
 drop-meal, inch-meal, and limb-meal. P. Ploughman uses pounde-mele and percel- 
 mele. In the Liber Festivalis we read that William Tracy, after the murder of St. 
 Thomas of Canterbury, " fylle syke and roted all his body, in somoche that himselfe 
 with his owne hondes cast away his owne flesshe lompe-mele." Palsgrave gives "by 
 ynche-meale, memiement, par poulcees, and flock-meale, /;ar troupeaux." 
 
 " Only that point his peple bare so sore 
 That flockmel on a day to him they went." chauc. Gierke's T.
 
 32 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Berde, or brynke of a wesselle, or 
 
 other lyke. Margo. 
 Berdyd. Barhatus. 
 Bercel (berseel, p.) Meta.^ 
 Be RE, beste. Ursus. 
 Beere of (for p.) dede men. Fe- 
 
 ret)U)n, Uhitina, loculus. 
 Bereynyd, or wete wyth rayne. 
 
 Complutus, UG. in pluo. 
 Berewarde.^ Ursarius. 
 Bery, frute. Morum, cath. 
 
 c. F. 
 Beryl, procyous stone.^ Beril- 
 
 lus. 
 Berynge. JPortagium, latura. 
 
 Berynge a-way. Asportacio, ab- 
 
 lacio. 
 Beryxge jTi. Illacio. 
 (Beringe lepe, p.^ Canistra, 
 
 CATH.) 
 
 Berkar, as a dogge. Latrator. 
 Berkyn. Latro, baffo, bcmlo. 
 Berkynge. Latratus. 
 Berme of ale or other lyke. 
 
 Spiima, CATH. 
 Bermyn, or spurgyn as ale, or 
 
 other lyke.'^ Spumo. 
 Barnakylle, byrde (bernack, k. 
 
 bernak, p.) ' Barnacus, bar- 
 
 nita, barnites, c. F. 
 
 ' See hereafter bct, or bercel. 
 
 2 " Bearwarde, 5rarrf«?<r fZ'oMr*." PALSG. A curious representation of the bear-ward, 
 and baiting the bear, occurs in the Louterel Psalter, illuminated in the early part of the 
 reign of Edw. III. It has been engraved in Vetust. Monum. VI. pi. xxiv. In the 
 Household Book of the Earl of Northumberland in loll, under the head of Rewards, 
 is one of " Gs. Sd. to the Kyngs or Queenes Barward, if they have one," when they 
 come to the Earl. Ant. Rep. iv. p. 253. The Earl had also in his own family an 
 ofScial of the same kind, whose reward was 20*. Shakespeare uses the word, and 
 also bearard or bear-yerd, which are synonymous. 
 
 3 Beryl is used by Chaucer and the authors of the XlVth and XVth centuries, to 
 denote the precious stone so called, and also a finer description of crystal glass, which 
 resembled it in transparency or colour. This distinction is not preserved here ; but it 
 is made by Palsgrave : '' Berall, fyne glass, l/eril. Beryll, a precious stone, beril." 
 Elyot renders" Glessum, crystal or berylle." See Whitaker's Cathedral of St. Germains, 
 ii. 280. 
 
 4 One of the MSS. of the Medulla renders sporta, a berynge lep ; in the Ortus, it 
 is explained as a here lepe, or basket. The word is perhaps synonymous with barly- 
 LKPE, to kepe yn corne, which occurs above, aud in the printed editions is spelled 
 BARLEP. A.S. here, hordeum, leap, coriis. 
 
 5 A. S. haorma., femientum. See hereafter sporgyn, taken from the French, cspurger. 
 * AlexanderNeccham, whodiedin 1227,givesin his treatise de nut uris rerum,& cwrions 
 
 account " de ave que vult/o <//c?7wr bernekke," which grew, as he asserts, from wood steeped 
 in the sea, or trees growing on the shores. Roy. MS. 12G. Xl.f. 31. The marvellous tales 
 respecting this bird, wLich has been supposed to be the chenalopeces, mentioned by 
 Pliny as a native of Britain, are to be found at length in Gesner, Olaus Magnus, and 
 many ancient writers. Giraldus gives in his Topographia Hibernian, c. xi. a detailed 
 account " de bemacis ex ahiete nascentibus,"' as a phenomenon of which he had been 
 an eye-witness on the Irish shores, and states that these birds were, on account of their 
 half-fishy extraction, eaten during Lent. This indulgence, of which the propriety was 
 argued by Michael Meyer in his treatise de volucri arbored, was sanctioned by the au- 
 thority of the Sorbonne. It is scarcely needful to observe that the origin of these 
 strange statements is to be found in the multivalve shell-fish, the lepas anatifera, which 
 attaches itself to submerged wood, or the bottoms of ships. " Ciconia, i. ibis, a ber-
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 33 
 
 Bern A K for horse (bernakill, p.) ' 
 
 Chamus, cath. 
 Berne of lathe (or lathe, p.)' 
 
 Horreum, c. f. 
 Berwham, horsys colere (beini- 
 
 ham for hors, p.) ^ Ephiphium, 
 
 epljium^ catii. vel collare equi. 
 Berwe, or schadewe (berowe or 
 
 shadowe, p.) ' Umhraculum, 
 
 umbra. 
 Besaunte. Talentum, mna, 
 
 dragma, vg. c, f. 
 Besme or besowme (besym, p.) 
 
 Scopa, c. F. 
 Beste, or alle the beste (aldyrbest, 
 
 K.) Optimus. 
 Bestad, or wythe-holdyn yn wele 
 
 or wo (in hard plyt set, K. with- 
 
 holden in harde plyte or nede, p.) 
 
 Detentus. 
 Berstayle (bestali, k. bestayle, 
 
 p.)* Armentum, catii. 
 Beste (beest, p.) Bestia, pecus, 
 
 animal, jumentum. 
 Beestely, or lyke a beste (bestly, 
 
 p.) Bestialis. 
 Bestylynesse (bestlynesse, p.) 
 
 Bestialitas. 
 Bestylywyse. Bestialiter. 
 Be stylle, and not speke. Taceo, 
 
 sileo, ohmutesco. 
 Beestnynge, mylke (bestnynge, 
 
 K-p.)*^ Co/lustrum, c. f. kylw. 
 
 VG. in colo. 
 
 nacle, a myrdrummyll or a buture." ort. voc. " A barnak." med. gbamm. Junius 
 derives the name from the fabulous origin of the bird, A. S. beam, filius, and ac, 
 quercus. See Claik, in Jamieson, and barnache in Menage. 
 
 ' " Chamus est quoddani genus freni, vel capistrum, an halter or bernacle." ort. voc, 
 Junius derives the word from the French berner, comprimere petulantiam ; and Ro- 
 quefort mentions a kind of torture practised by the Saracens, termed bernicles. The 
 Wicliffite version renders 2 Kings, xLs, 28, " y schal putte a sercle in J>i nose Hrlis, and 
 a bernacle in \>i lippis." Cott. MS. Claud. E. ii. 
 
 2 Berne is the contraction of A.S. here, hordeum, and ern, locus. Lathe, which does 
 not occur in its proper place in the Promptorium, is possibly a word of Danish introduc- 
 tion into the eastern counties, Lade, horreum, dan. Skinner observes that it was very 
 commonly used in Lincolnshire. It occurs in Chaucer : 
 
 " Why ne hadst thou put the capell in the lathe." Reves Tale. 
 
 " Horreum, locus ubi reponilur annona, a barne, a lathe." ort. voc. " Granarium, 
 lathe." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVIL "A lathe, apotheca, horreum.'^ cath. axgl. 
 
 ^ " Bargheame, epiphium.'^ cath. angl. This word is still retained in the North 
 of England ; see Barkhaam in Brockett's Glossary, Barkham, Craven dialect, Brauchin, 
 Cumberland, Brechame, Jamieson. It occurs in the curious marginal gloss on Gautier 
 de Bibelesworth, Arund. MS. 220, f. 302. 
 
 " Les cous de chiuaus portunt esteles, hames (hamberwes, MS. Phill.) 
 Coleres de quyr, et bourle hoceles." beruhames. 
 
 * A.S. bearw, berwe, nemus. 
 
 * The reading of the Harl. MS. seems here to be erroneous ; the word is doubtless 
 adopted from the French, bestail, cattle. 
 
 6 " Bestynge, co/m«/7U/«." cath. angl. " Colostrum, novum lac quod slatim primo 
 mulgetur post fetum, quod cito coagulatur, beestnynge. Colttstrum, beestynge or 
 cruddys." ort. voc. A.S. beost, bysting, colustrum. 
 
 CAMD. SOC. F
 
 34 
 
 PROMPTORIU.M PARVULORUM. 
 
 Betayne, herbe (batany, or be- 
 
 tony, P.)' Betonica. 
 Betakyn' a thynge to anothere. 
 
 Committo, commendo. 
 Bete, or Betune, propyr name (Be- 
 
 tryse, k.) Beatrix. 
 Bethykkyx'. Cogito, recogito, 
 
 meditor. 
 Betyden', or happen'. Accidit, 
 
 even it. 
 Betylle. 3IaUeus, malleolus, UG. 
 Betyn', or bete. Verbero, cedo. 
 Bet yn', or smytyn'. Percncio,ferio. 
 Betynge. Verberacio, verber. 
 Betynge (instrument, p.) In- 
 
 strumentum, verber aculum, ug. 
 Bettyr. Melior. 
 Bettyr. Melius, adv. 
 
 Betys herbe. Beta vel hleta. 
 
 Betonye supra in Betayne. 
 
 Betrayyn'. Prodo,CATii.trado. 
 
 (Beuer, drinkinge tyme, p.*^ Bi- 
 berrium.) 
 
 Beuereche, drynke(beueriche, p.) 
 IIibria,biberia,KYh\v.(bibi7ia,p.) 
 
 Bevyr, beste.^ Bever, c. F. cas- 
 tor, Jiber. 
 
 Be ware. Caveo,CATn.precaveo. 
 
 Be woode, or madde.^ Furio, 
 insanio. 
 
 Be wone, or vsyd (wonte, p.) Soleo. 
 
 Bevvrayer of counsel. Becelator, 
 recelatrix, cath. in celo. Et 
 nota alia infra in Lable. 
 
 Bewrethyn', or wreyyn' (be- 
 wreyen, p.) Prodo, recelo, revelo. 
 
 1 See a curious account of the virtues attributed to betony in the XVth century, Roy. 
 MS. 18 A. VI. f. 68, where it is said to be " also clepyd byschuppyswort." Horman 
 observes that " nesynge is caused with by ten {betonica) thrust in the nostril." The 
 powdered root of hellebore was another homely sternutatory anciently much in request. 
 
 2 " Merendula, a beuer after none. Merenda, comeslio in meridie, vel cibus qui 
 decUnante die siimitur.^' ort. Harrison, in his description of England, prefixed to 
 Holinshed's Chronicles, i. 170, remarks that "of old we had breakefastes in the fore- 
 noone, beuerages or nuntions after dinner, and thereto reare su])pers, generallie when 
 it was time to go to rej^t a toie brought into England by bardie Canutus ; but nowe 
 those are very well past, and ech one, except some yoong hungrie stomach that cannot 
 fast till dinner time, contenteth himself with dinner and supper." The higher classes, 
 he observes, dine at 11 and sup at 5, merchants seldom before 12, and 6. This was 
 written about 1579. Sherwood renders, " Bever, or drinking, un reciner, collation, 
 goustcr. To bever, riciner ; " and Cotgrave explains un reciner as "an afternoones 
 nuncheon, or collation, an Aunders-meat." See hereafter nunmete, which seems to 
 have been much the same as the intermediate refection here called beuer. The word 
 bever still signifies in Suffolk an afternoon snack, moore. 
 
 3 A.S. beofer, castor. That the beaver was anciently an inhabitant of these islands, 
 the laws of Howtl Dha, and the curious description of its habits given by Giraldus, in 
 his Itinerary of Wales, 1. ii. c. 3, satisfactorily prove. The fur of this animal was in 
 estimation from an early period. Piers Ploughman says, 
 
 " And yet vnder that cope, a cote hath he furred 
 With foyns, or with fichewes, or with fyn beuere." 
 
 " Me fyndeth furres of beuers, of lombes, pylches of hares and of conyes. On treuue 
 fourrvres d'escnrieus," &c. caxton, Boke for Travellers. The beuer hat is mentioned 
 by Chaucer as a part of female attire, and by Hall as worn by the Stradiote light horse- 
 men in 1513. 
 
 •! See WOODE or madde. A.S. wod, furiosui.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PAKVULORUM. 
 
 i)o 
 
 Be wrothe. Irascor. 
 
 Be wrathe yn valewe (be worthe, 
 
 p.) Valeo, CATH. 
 Bewte (beawtye, p.) Decor, 
 
 species, jiulchritudo. 
 By and by. SigiUatim.^ 
 By thy selfe (by the selfe, p.) 
 
 Seorsum. 
 Byare. Emptor, institor, cath. 
 Byble, or bybulle. Biblia. 
 Byce, coloure.^ 
 Byddyn', or comawndyn'. 3Iando, 
 
 precipio, hortor, e.rortor. 
 Byddyn' bedys, or seyii' prayers 
 
 (bydde or pi*ay, p.)^ Oro. 
 Byddynge, or commawndement 
 
 (commaundinge, p.) ' Manda- 
 
 turn, precpptuin, iinperiuta. 
 Byddynge, or prayngo. Oraclo,de- 
 
 precacio, exoracio, supplicacio. 
 Bye, or boye.^ Bostio, UG. 
 Byggyn', or byldyn',5 Edijico. 
 Byggynge, or beeldynge (byldinge, 
 
 p.) Edljicacio, structura. 
 (Byggynge, or thyng that is byg- 
 
 gyd, H. EdifiiAum.) 
 Bycche, hownde or bylke (bycke, 
 
 p.) Licista, COMM. 
 
 Byker, cuppe (bikyr, p.)'' Cim- 
 
 hium, COMM. 
 BiKYRof fytynge (bykereor feight- 
 
 inge, p.)' Pugna. 
 
 ^ The Medulla renders " siffillatim, fro seel to seel.'' Harl. MS. 22.57. 
 
 2 Palsgrave renders byce by az?</- ; the word is, however, probably taken from the 
 French couleur bise, which properly means a brownish or blackish hue. In some 
 curious instructions respecting the production of fine azure from lapis lazuli, it is ob- 
 served that to distinguish this last " from lapis almaine of whiche men maken a blewe- 
 bis azure," they should be exposed to fire, in which the inferior material turns rather 
 black, and becomes " brokel." Sloan. MS. 73, f. 215, b. Probably byce, or rather blue 
 byce, as it was in ancient times usually termed, was a preparation of zaffre, of a dim 
 and brownish cast of colour, in comparison with the brilliancy of the true azure. 
 
 3 A.S. biddan, orare. In the Book of Curtasye, the young child on comiDgto church 
 is thus admonished, 
 
 " Rede, or synge, or byd prayeris 
 
 To Crist for all thy Cristen ferys." Sloane MS. 1986, f. 22 b. 
 
 ■• " Bostio, an oxe dryver." ort. Compare bey or boy, scurrus. 
 
 ^ " To hyge,fundare, condere, edificare. A bygynge, construccio, structura. Byg- 
 ynge vndyr erthe, sulterraneus.^^ oath. angl. A.S. byggan, adijicare. See Big, in 
 Boucher's Glossary, and Jamieson. 
 
 ^ What was the precise kind of cup called byker, or beaker, it is not easy to deter- 
 mine. This word occurs as early as 1348, in the accounts of the Treasurer of Edward, 
 Prince of Wales ; " ii magne pecie argenti, vacate Bikers, emellate in fnndo, cum coo- 
 perculis cum batellis, et ex una parte deauratis.'" In this instance they were destined 
 to be presented to ladies. (Beltz, Memor. of the Garter, p. 385.) Becher in German 
 signifies a cup or goblet, as does beker in Dutch, and Teutonic ; possibly we derived 
 the vessel to which the name was originally given from Flanders or Germany. Of 
 cognate derivation is the Italian bicchiero. In the later Latinity bacar, baccharium 
 have the same meaning ; see Ducange. The common root of these words was perhaps 
 the Greek ^ikos, vas habens ansas. menagk. 
 
 1 " Beckeryng, scrimysshe, wes/f'e. Bicker, fyghtyng, e*rar/«o«cAe." palsg. "Anon 
 after the fylde began to beker." horm. Skinner suggests tlie Welsli bicre, conftictus, as 
 the etymon of this word, which, however, he inclines to think of Anglo-Sa.xon origin.
 
 36 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PAnvULORUM. 
 
 Bekeryn', or fygtityn' (bikker- 
 iuge, p.) Pugno, dimico. 
 
 Bylle of a byrde. Rostrum. 
 
 Bylle of (or, p.) a mattoke. Ligo, 
 7narru. 
 
 Byle, sore. Pustula, ug. 
 
 B Y L L E R N E, watyr herbe. ' Berula, 
 
 C. F. 
 
 Bylet, schyde. Tedula, cath. 
 Bylet, scrowe (bille, k.)'^ Ma- 
 
 tricuhi, CATH. (hilla, k.) 
 Bollyn', or jowyn' wythe the bylle 
 
 as byrdys (byllen or iobbyn as 
 
 bryddys, k. iobbyn with the byl, 
 
 H. p.)^ Rostro. 
 Byllyn' wythe mattokys. Ligo- 
 
 nizo, marro, cath. 
 Byllynge of byrdys. Rostratus. 
 Byllynge of mattokj's. Ligo- 
 
 ntzacio, mcDratura. 
 Bynde, or wode bynde. Corrigioia, 
 
 vitella, CATH. (^edera voluhilis, 
 
 K.) 
 
 Byxde, a twystc of a wyne (vyne, 
 
 P.) Capriolus, c. F. 
 Byndyn' wythe bondys. Ligo, al- 
 
 ligo, vincio. 
 
 Byndyn' wythe c6mawnt< or scrip- 
 ture (comavndement, k. cum- 
 naunt, h. couenaunt, p.) Obligo. 
 
 Byndynge, lyste of a sore lyme. 
 Fasciola, kylw. ug. 
 
 Byndynge. Ligacio. 
 
 Byngger, supra in Bengere. 
 
 Byyn a thynge. Emo^ mercor, 
 comparo. 
 
 Byyn' a-5en' (ageyne, p.) Redimo. 
 
 Byynge. Empcio. 
 
 Byynge a-3en (ageyne, p.) Re- 
 demcio. 
 
 Byynge place, or place of byynge. 
 Emptorium, c. f. 
 
 Bynge.^ Theca, cumera. 
 
 B\PATHE. Semita, orbita, callis, 
 c. F. frames, ug. 
 
 Byrche tre. Lentiscus, cinus, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Byrdune (byrdeyne, p.) Pon- 
 dus, onus, sarcina. 
 
 Byryn' (beryyn, h.) Sepelio, 
 humo,funero. 
 
 Byryyn', or grauyn', or hydde 
 vndur the grownde. Humo, se- 
 pelio, UG. 
 
 * The curious treatise of the nature and properties of herbs, Roy. MS. A. VI. f. 69, b. 
 gives " Jiillura, an herbe that me clepyth billure ; he ys much worth to rype bocch." 
 Elyot explains latter to be " an herbe growyng in the water, lyiie to alisaunder, but 
 hauyng lesse leaues. Some do call itbylders." 
 
 '^ The Catholicon explains matricula to signify carta promisnionis, and cites the life 
 of St. Silvester, which says that he inscribed the names of widows and orphans " in 
 inafriculf't." Spelman gives A.S. bille, schedula ; the word bylet was, however, pro- 
 bably of French introduction, as also was scrowe or scroll, escrou. 
 
 •■' To job signifies still in Norfolk and Suffolk to puck with a sharp and strong beak, 
 FORBY. Tusser calls the pecking of turkies jobbing. 
 
 ■» The word is thus written, but the correct reading probably is comnawut. See 
 hereafter cumnawnte, pactum. 
 
 ■" Forby gives bing in the dialect of East Anglia, Danish, bing, cumulus. A.S. bin, 
 pi-anepe. The word binna occurs in a deed of the year r2(J3, in Chron. W . Thorn, 
 1912, where it signifies a receptacle for grain. Dowera is explained by Uguitio to be 
 " ran frumentarium de festucis," and no doubt the bin was anciently formed of wicker- 
 work, as in German benne crates, Belg. benn, corbis. In the Indenture of delivery of 
 Berwick Castle, in \WM), occurs "in the pantrc, a large bynge of okyn tymbar with .3 
 partitionii.'' Archaol. xi. -JlU.
 
 PRO.MPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 37 
 
 Byryyde (biryed, p.) Sejmltus, 
 
 tumulatus. 
 Bervynge (biryingc, p.) Sepul- 
 
 tura, tumula. 
 Byryele (beryel, h. biriell, p.i 
 
 Sepulclirum, tumulus. 
 Byrthe. Nativitas, partus. 
 Byschelle, or buschelle (bysshell 
 
 otherwyse called busshell, p.) 
 
 Moclius, chorus, bussellus. 
 Bysshoppe (byschop or buschop, 
 
 II.) Episcopus, antistes, pon- 
 
 tifex, presuL 
 Byschypryche (bysshoperike, p.) 
 
 Episcopatus, dlocesis. 
 Bysy (bes}^, p.) Assiduus, so- 
 
 licitus, jugis. 
 Bysyly. Assidue, jugiter. 
 B YS YN es s e. Assiduitas, diligencia, 
 
 soUcitudo, opera, cath. 
 Byscute brede (bysqwyte, H. 
 
 bysket, p.) Biscoctus. 
 BYS3YN'chyldur (bissyii chyldryn, 
 
 K.) Sopio, nemor, lallo, ug. 
 Byssynge of chyldyrne (bys5ing, 
 
 H.) Sepicio, c. F. 
 Byssynge songys (bys3ing, h.) 
 
 Fascinnina, c. f. nenia, cath. 
 Bytt of a brydylle. Lupatum, c. f. 
 BYTTorbytynge(byte, p.) Morsus. 
 
 Bytylle worrae (bityl wyrme, k.) 
 
 Buhoscus. 
 Bytyn', or byte. Mordeo. 
 Bytynge. Morsura. 
 Bytynge or grevows fretynge. 
 
 Mordax. 
 Byttyr. Amarus. 
 Byttyrnesse. Amaritudo. 
 Byttyrswete.'^ Amarimelhis, 
 
 musceum, kylw. 
 (BY31NG supra in byinge, h. By- 
 singe, p. Einpiio.) 
 Blabbe or labbe, wreyare of cown- 
 
 selle (bevvreyar, h. p.)' Futilis, 
 
 anuhicus, cath. 
 Blaberyn, or speke wythe-owte 
 
 resone (with owtyn, k. oute of, 
 
 p.) Blatero, cath. 
 Blade. Scindula. 
 Blade of an herbe (blad or blade, 
 
 p.) Tirsus, c. F. 
 Bladyn' haftys (bladen heftis, 
 
 K. H. p.) Scindulo. 
 Bladyn' herbys, or take away 
 
 the bladys. Detirso, cath. 
 Bladsmythe. Scindifaber. 
 Blaffoorde or warlare (blad- 
 
 fard, H. blaffere, p.)* Traulus. 
 
 (Traulus peccat in R, peccat 
 
 171 S sidunus, p.) 
 
 ' The more ancient sense of this word, as denoting the place, and not the act of in- 
 terment, is here distinctly preserved. A.S. byri^els, sppulchrum. In the Wicliffite 
 version biriel occurs often in this sense. " And'the kyng seide, what is this biriel which 
 I se ? And the citeseyns of that cite answeriden to him, it is the sepulcre of the man 
 of God that cam fro Juda." IVth Book of Kings, xxiii. 17. Harl. MS. 22-19. In Mark 
 V. 5, the demoniac is said to have " hadde an hous in birielis." So likewise in Leg. 
 Aur. " It happed after, that vpon the buryels grewe a ryght fayre flouredelyse." f. cxi. 
 The Latin-English Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 1002, f. 145, gives " A/awio/ettw, a byryelle, 
 anabatrum, a chyrchestyle." 
 
 - The Solatnnn dulcamara, or woody nightshade. 
 
 3 See hereafter LABLE, or labbe, which occurs in Chaucer. This word is doubtless 
 derived from the same source as blabbe and blaberyn. Skinner would derive the 
 verb to blabber from the Latin, " q, d. elabiare, i. e. lab'iis quicqiiid occurrit effntire.'" 
 Compare teut. blapperen, yarrire, bei.g. lapperen, blatirare. 
 
 * This word signifies a person who stammers, or has any defect in his speech. The 
 
 124368
 
 38 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Blak. Niger, ater. 
 
 Blakenesse. Nigredo. 
 
 Blakyn', or make blake. Denigro, 
 vitupero, increpo. 
 
 Blake thorne. (^Prunus, p.) 
 
 Blame. Culpa, noxa, vitiipe- 
 rium. 
 
 (Blamen, p. Culpo, vitupero, in- 
 crepo.^ 
 
 Blameworthy. Culpabilis. 
 
 Blamynge. Vituperium. 
 
 Blankett, voUon clothe.' Lodix. 
 
 Blankett, lawngelle. Langellus. 
 
 Blasfemare. Blasphematur. 
 
 Blasfemyn'. Blasfemo. 
 
 Blasfemynge. Blasphemia. 
 
 Blasyn', as lowe of fyre (as doth 
 the leme of a fyre, p.) Flammo. 
 
 Blasyn', or dyscry armys. De- 
 scriho. 
 
 Blasynge, or flamj-nge of fyre. 
 
 Flammacio. 
 Blasynge of armys. Descripcio. 
 Blaste of wynde. Flatus > 
 Blanke plumbe (blavmblumbe, 
 
 K. H. blawmbkimb, otherwyse 
 
 called whyte lede, p.)'^ Album 
 
 plumbum. 
 Blanc hyn' almandys, or ojier 
 
 lyke (blamachyn, p.) Dealbo, 
 
 decortico. 
 Blanch ynge of almondys or other 
 
 lyke. Dealbacio, decorticacio. 
 Blawndrelle, frute (blamiderel, 
 
 K.y Melonis, c. f 
 Bledy'n'. Sangnino, cruento. 
 Bledy'nge. Sanguinacio, Jleo- 
 
 botomia. 
 Bledynge boyste.' Venfosa,guna, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Ortus renders " traulus, a ratelare." It appears in Ducange that balbus and blesus are 
 synonymous with traulus ; the first of these is rendered in Cooper's Thesaurus, one 
 " that cannot well pronounce wordes, a maffler in the mouth." 
 
 ' Blanket is taken from the French blanchet, woollen cloth, no doubt of a white 
 colour ; the distinction here made is not very clear, but lodLv appears to have been a 
 bed-covering, as we now use the word blanket, langellus, blanket cloth generally. 
 " Langeul, langais, blanchet, drop de laine." RoauEF. The Medulla explains loJex 
 to be " a blanchet or a whytil ;" the latter word, which is merely a version of the 
 French, is still retained in North Britain to denote a woollen wrapper used by females. 
 *' Lodix, quicquid in lectosupponiiur, etpro2)rie pannus villosus, Anglice, a blanket." 
 CRT. voc. See hereafter daggyswevne, lodix. 
 
 - In Sloan. MS. 73 f. 213 are directions for making blanc plumb, album plumbum, 
 with " strong reed wine drestis, and brode platis of newe leed, in a great erthen pot or 
 barel, and closed for six wokis or more in hoot horsdunge." This MS. is of the close 
 of the XVth century ; an earlier receipt occurs in Sloan. MS. iJ584, f. 6. 
 
 3 Lydgate mentions this among the fruits more choice than " pechis, costardes, 
 etiam wardons." 
 
 " Pipus, quinces, blaunderelle to disport, 
 
 And the pome-cedre corageos to recomfort.'' Minor Poems, p. 15. 
 
 " Blaundrell, an apple, brandureau.'' palsg. " Blanduriau, tres blanc ; pommes 
 de Caleville blanc, quivenoient d'Auvergne." roquef. " Blandureau, the white apple, 
 called in some parts of England, a blaundrell." cotgr. 
 
 4 The Catholicon gives the following explanation: " Guna vel guina, vas vitreum, 
 quod et Latinis a sirnilitudine cucurbittE ventosa vocatiir, qum animala spiritu per ig- 
 nicrilum in superficiem trahit nangninem." paimas; see Ducange. The operation of 
 cupjung, which is one of ancient use, was doubtless well known to the Friar of Lynn,
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 39 
 
 Bledvnge yryn. Fleosotomium, 
 
 c. F. (Jleobothominm, p.) 
 Bleddyr. Vesica. 
 Bledderyd. Vesicatus. 
 Bleyke of coloured Pallidus, 
 
 siihalbus. 
 Bleykclojje, or qwysters (ble- 
 
 chen clothe, k. p. blekyn, H.)^ 
 
 Candida. 
 Bleystare, or wytstare (bleyster, 
 
 K. bleyestare or qwytstare, h. 
 
 bleykester or whytster, p.) 3 
 
 Candidarius, cath. c. f. 
 Bleyne. Papula, cath. et UG. 
 
 in popa. 
 Bleke (blecke, p.)* Atramejitum. 
 Blekkyn wythe bleke (blackyn 
 
 with blecke, p.) Atrame)ito. 
 (Blextere, k. Ohfuscator.') 
 BLEMSCHY'DE(blemysshed, p.)06- 
 
 Juscatus. 
 Blenschyn' (blemysshen, p.) Ob- 
 
 fuSCO, CATH. 
 
 Blemschynge. Obfuscacio. 
 B LERE YED (blere iyed, p.)'^ Lippus. 
 Blerydxesse (blere iyednesse, 
 
 p.) Lippitudo. 
 Blerynge or mowjTige wythe the 
 
 mowthe. Valgia. 
 Blerynge wythe mowe makynge.^ 
 
 Patento, valgio. 
 Blese or flame of fyre (blase or 
 
 lowe, p.) Flammella. 
 Bleschyn', or qwenchyn' (blessh- 
 
 yn, p.) Ejctinguo. 
 Bleschynge, or qwenchynge of 
 
 fyre (blensshmge, p.) Ex- 
 
 tinctio. 
 Blety'n', as a schepe. Palo. 
 Bletynge of a schepe. Palatus. 
 Blevyn, or levjTi aftyrwarde (ble- 
 
 vyn or abydjm, k. p.) Remaneo, 
 
 restat. 
 Blevyxge, or releve, or relefe (or 
 
 levynge or relef, K.)^ Reliquia, 
 
 vel reliquicB. 
 
 who compiled the Promptorium, as one of the means resorted to when, according to the 
 monastic institutions, there were at stated seasons {temporihus minucionis) general 
 blood-lettings. See Martene de Antiq. Ritibus, and Mr. Rokewode's note on Chron. 
 Joe. de Brakelonda, p. II. In the Chirurgica of John Arderne, surgeon to Edw. III. 
 where he speaks of cupping, " veniosacio,'' a representation is given of the bledynge 
 boyste. Sloane MS. 65, f. TO. Compare the verb boyston. 
 
 ' " Bleke, wan of colour, S/es»we." palsg. A.S.hlxc, pallidus. 
 
 " Some one, for she is pale and bleche." gower, Conf. Am. B. v. 
 
 Bleek is still used in Norfolk to signify pale and sickly, forby. 
 
 ^ Teut. bleycken, excayidefacere insolando. A.S. ablaecan, dealbare. 
 
 3 The Latin-English Vocabulary, Harl. ]MS. l.")8T, renders " Albalrix, candidaria, 
 blccherre or lawnderre." " Whitstarre, blanchix.senr de tot/lies." palsg. See whvt- 
 
 STARE. 
 
 4 Horman says, " Wrytters ynke shulde be fyner than blatche, atramenlum scrip, 
 torium lectins esset sutorio." "Bleche for souters, attravtent noyr." palsg. A.S. 
 blaec, atramenlum. 
 
 * " Lippus dicitttr qui halet oculos lachrymantes cum palpebris euersaiis, blered of 
 the eye." ort. voc. In Piers Ploughman the verb to blere occurs, used metaphor- 
 ically. " He blessede hem with his buUes, and blcrede hure eye." "To bleare ones 
 eye, begyle him, engicigner.'^ palsg. 
 
 * " I gyue him the best counsayle I can, and the knaue bleareth his tonge at me, 
 tirer la langue," palsg. See mowe, or skorne. 
 
 " See releef, or brocaly of mete.
 
 40 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Bleyly, or gladely (blythely, p.) 
 
 Libenter, sponte, spontanee. 
 Blyxde. Cecils. 
 Blyndefylde (blyndfellyd, h.) 
 
 Excecatus. 
 BLYXDYx',ormakeblynde.J5!rceco. 
 Blyndfellen'j idem est. 
 Blyndnesse. Cecitas. 
 Blynnyn, or cesun, or leve-warke.i 
 
 Desisto, cesso. 
 Blysse. Beatitudo, gaudium. 
 Blyssyd, hevynly. Beatus. 
 Blessyd, erthely. Benedictus, 
 
 felix. 
 Blyssyn', or blesse. Benedico. 
 Blessynge. Benedictio. 
 Blythe and mery. Letus, hillaris. 
 Blym, or gladde, or make glad 
 
 (blyym or glathyn in herte, k. 
 
 blithen or gladden, p.) Letijico. 
 Blythyn', or welle-cheryn'. Ex- 
 
 hillero. 
 
 Bloo coloure. Lividus, luridus, 
 
 c. F. 
 Blo erye (bio erthe, p.)^ Argilla. 
 Blobure (blobyr, p.)' Burbu- 
 
 lium, UG. burbalium, c. f. 
 Blode. Sanguis, c7-uor. 
 Bloode hownde. Molosus, c. f. 
 Blody. Sanguinolentus. 
 Bloode yryn, supra in bled- 
 
 ynge yryn. 
 Bloode latare. Fleobotomator, 
 
 c. F. 
 Bloke or stoke (blooc, h.)* 
 
 Tmncus, codex, cath. 
 Blo ME, flowre. Flos. 
 Blomyn', or blosmyn' (blosyin, p.) 
 
 Floreo, f^oresco. 
 Blonesse. Livor. 
 Bloryyn' or wepyn' (bleren, p.)s 
 
 PloTo, fieo. 
 Bloryynge or wepynge (bloringe, 
 
 p.) Ploratusyjietus. 
 
 ' Hampolc, in the Pricke of Conscience, terms the day of final doom, " the day of 
 sorowe that neuer salle blyne." Harl. MS. 6923. Fabyan, in the Prologe to vol. ii. 
 speaks of the great devotion that occupied, without any intermission, the numerous 
 religious houses in London, 
 
 " When one hath done, another begyn, 
 So that of prayer they neuer blyn." 
 
 " To Wynne, rest or cease of, cesser. He neuer felt wo or neuer sail blynne, that hath 
 a bysshoppe to his kin." palsg. A.S. blinnan, cessare. 
 
 ^ The reading of the Harl. MS. erye may at first sight appear to be corrupt ; it 
 is, however, retained, because hereafter there occur erye, or erthe, and ERYY^f, or of 
 the erthe. 
 
 ' This word occurs in Chaucer, Test, of Creseide. 
 
 " And at his mouth a blubber stode of fome." 
 
 " Blober upon water (or bubble) boutcillis.^' palsg. The verb to blubre occurs in an 
 analogous sense, in Syr Gawayn and the Grene Kny3t, lin. 2174. "The borne blubred 
 ther inne as hit boyled hade." Blubber still signifies in Norfolk a bubble, from blob, 
 as Forby says. See Bleb in Skinner, and Jamieson. 
 
 4 " Blocke of a tree, tronchet, tronc. Blocke of tynne, saumon destain.'' palsg. 
 
 * Skinner gives blare as an English word, from Belg. blaren, mugire. Teut. blerren, 
 clamiture. It is retained in the dialect of Norfolk, as applied to calves, sheep, asses, 
 and children, forby. Blore signifies a roaring wind, as in the Mirrour for Mtigistrates, 
 p. 8.38, " hurried headlong with the south-west blore."
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 41 
 
 Blosme, or blossum. Frons. 
 
 Blosmynge, or blossummynge. 
 Frondositas. 
 
 Blotte vpon a boke. Ohlitum, c. f. 
 
 Blottyn' bokys. OhUtero. 
 
 Blottynge. Oblitteracio. 
 
 (Blottyd, p. Oblitteratus.) 
 
 Blowyn' as wynde. Flo. 
 
 Blowyn' wythe borne. Curno, 
 c. F. cornicino., kylw. 
 
 Blown as a man wythe honde 
 (blowen with sounde, p.) Ex- 
 sttfflo, sufflo (Jnsnfflu, p.) 
 
 Bloynge (blowynge, p.) Flacio, 
 Jlatus. 
 
 Blewe of coloure. Blodius, hlue- 
 tus, Dice. 
 
 Blunderer or blunt warkere (wor- 
 ker, p.) Hebefactor, hebejictis. 
 
 Blunderynge, or blunt warkynge. 
 Hebefaccio. 
 
 Blunesse, supra in blonesse. 
 
 Blunt of wytte. Hebes. 
 
 Blunt of edge, and bluternesse 
 (bkmtnesse, p.) quere post in 
 DUL and dulnesse. 
 
 Bobet.' Colhifd, collafus, catii. 
 
 Bobettyn'. Collaphizo. 
 
 Bobetynge. CoUafizacio. 
 Booc or boos, netystallo (boce, K. 
 
 boso, netis stall, h. p.)' Boscar, 
 
 cath. bucetiim, presepe, 
 Boce or boos of a booke or o))er 
 
 lyko (booce, ii.) Turgiohim, ug. 
 Bocyn' owte, or strowtyn'.^ Tur- 
 
 geo, c. F. UG. 
 Bocynge or strowtyngc. Turgor. 
 Bociiere. Carnifejc, macelkirius. 
 Bociierye. MaceUum, catu. 
 
 carnificina. 
 Bocle or bocuUe (bocul, k. ir. 
 
 bokyll or bocle, p.) Phiscula, 
 
 Dice. KYLW. 
 
 BocLYD as shone or botys (boke- 
 
 led, p. Plusculutus. 
 Bode or massage (boode, ii.)' 
 
 Nunciiim. 
 Body'. Corpus. 
 BoDY'LY. Coiporaliter. 
 BoDYLY. Corpordlis. 
 BoFFETE. Alapa. 
 Buffetyn', or suffetyn'-'' (bofeton, 
 
 p.) Alapizo, cdupo, catii. 
 
 BOFETYNGE. Alupizacio. 
 
 BoFET, thre fotyd stole (boftVt 
 stole, p.)'' Tripes. 
 
 ^ " Bobet on the heed, covp de point/." falsg. 
 
 2 In the midland and Northern counties, a stall where cattle stand all night in winter, 
 is called a boose, in Scotland, a bowe. See Craven Dialect, and Jamieson. Ang. Sax. 
 bosj;, prcesepe. 
 
 3 This word occurs in Palsgrave as a verb active. " To booce or boce out as worke- 
 men do a holowc thynge to make it seem more apparent to the eye, endocer. Thisbrod- 
 erer hath boced this pece of worke very well." 
 
 4 A.S. hod, jussitm 
 
 * The word suffetyn', which occurs here only, and is not found in the other MSS., 
 or the printed editions, may be an erroneous reading, but possibly it is a corruption of 
 the French word sotiffleter, to cuff on the ear. Jamieson gives the verb to soufl", or strike. 
 
 " Skinner gives " IJuffet-stole, vuj.' ayro Lute, usltiitissima, est aulciti xel/a Icvior 
 portatilis, sine nllo cuhitorum aiit doi-xifulcro, credo parum dtjleao sciisit ii G. htiffet, 
 nienm ; mensce enini viceni satis counnode supplere palest." I'he iiutlct, however, was 
 the court-cupboard, in France termed also the credetice, and under this a low stool 
 without a back might be placed, but for what special purpose does not appear. Hickcs 
 derives the word from A.S. bcod, meiisa, and fret, tas. Forby explains the butTet- 
 
 camd. soc. g
 
 42 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Baggyschyn (boggysche, k. h. 
 
 bogg^isshe, p.) Tumidus. 
 BoGGYscHELY. Titmicle. 
 BociiciiARE, or vn-crafty (bot- 
 
 char, p.)i Iners, c. f. 
 (BoTCHARE of olde thinges, p. He- 
 
 sarfor.) 
 BoHCHE, sore (botche, p.) Ulcus, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 BociiMENT (botchemeut, p.) Ad- 
 ditam entum, amplificamentum, 
 CATH. augmentum, auctorium. 
 
 Boy, supra in bey. Scurrus. 
 
 BoYDEKYN,or bodekyn. Suhucula, 
 jierforatorium. 
 
 BoYSTE, orbox.- PLv (puris, p.) 
 cdahastrum, c. f. 
 
 Boyston'.^ Scco'o, ventoso, ug. 
 
 BoYSTOws.^ Rudis. 
 
 BoYSTOWSgarment.^i>'rM*,CATH. 
 Boystowesnesse (boystousnesse, 
 
 p.) Ruditas. 
 Book (boke, p.) Liber, codex. 
 Bookbynder, or amendere. So- 
 
 sius, UG. in soros. 
 Bokelere. Pelta, ancile, kylav. 
 
 c. ¥. jiarma, cath. 
 BoKELYN, or spere wytbe bokylle. 
 
 Plusciilo. 
 Boke ram, clothe.'* 
 BoKETT. Situla, mergus, c. f. 
 Bokulle, *?<jora in BOCLE(bokvll, 
 
 Bokulle makere. Pluscularius, 
 
 DICT. 
 
 Bolas frute (bollas, p.) Pepulnm, 
 
 mespilum, kylw. cath. 
 BoLAS tre." Pepulus. 
 
 stool in Norfolk to be a four-legged stool set on a frame like a table, and serving as 
 the poor man's sideboard, stool, or table. In the History of Ilawsted by Sir John 
 Culliim, p. 25, the bequest occurs in 155.3, of " a buffed stool," which is exjjlained to 
 be an oval stool, witliout a back, and generally having a hole in the seat, for tlie con- 
 venience of lifting it. The Inventory of the ctTects of Katharine Lady Hedworth, 15G'8, 
 comprises the following articles : " In my Ladyes Chamber, 2 cupbords, fa"*'. 8f/. 2 cup- 
 bord stouUes, .3«. 4d. 3 buffett formes, 3s. one litle buffet stole, 6r/." Wills and Invent. 
 i. 282, printed by the .Surtees Society. See hereafter buffett stole. 
 
 ' Palsgrave gives the verb " to botche, or bungyll a garment as he dothe that is nat 
 a perfyte workeman.,/fl^ro?////'-r." " Thou hast but bodchyd and countrefeat Latten, 
 imayinarie nrnbratlUsque figure.^'' horm. 
 
 2 " A huyste, alabastruyn, jnjiis, /losliarium pro hostiis." cath. angl. " Lechiius 
 est vas olei ampliini, vel ampulla ampla qve aiiricalco solet fieri, Angtice, a boyste or 
 kytte for oyle." ort. voc. This word is from the old French boiste, bostia, in late 
 Latinity bustea, or bustula, and these are derived from pgais, or, as Menage sup- 
 poses, from bujLus, the material cliiefly employed. See Buist, in Jauiieson. 
 
 3 See above bledyngk boyste. 
 
 * " BusUxs, rudis, rigidun. To be bustus, rM<fe;e." cath. angl. " Rudis, indoc/tts, 
 inordinatus, quasi ruridalns, boystous. Kudo, to make boystous." ort. voc. " Boy- 
 Btous, styffe or rude, lourd, ruyde. Unweldy, boystouse, lourd. Boystousnesse, rogdeur, 
 impeluositc.^' Chaucer uses the word thus, " I am a boistous man, right tTius say I." 
 Mancijile's Tale. The Wicdiffite version renders Matt. ix. 1(J, " No man ]nittith a clout 
 of boystous cloth into an olde clothing;" in the original the sense is raw, unwrought cloth. 
 
 '' " Buckeram, bougueram.''' pai.sg. In medieval L:itinity borjuerunuux. uvc. If 
 it signified a coarse-grained cloth, the name may be of I'rcnch derivation, from bourre, 
 flocks of wool, and groin, but some ancient writers describe it as tela subtilis species, 
 See menage. William Tiiomas, in his Principal Rules of Italian Grammar, 15-J8, 
 renders " buclieramn, buckeramme, and some tlierc is white, made of bombase, so 
 thinne that a man mai see through it." 
 
 '' " A bulas trc,j>ppvlus." cath. angl. " Pepulus, a bolaster." out. voc.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 43 
 
 BooLDE, or hardy (bolde, p.) 
 
 Auclax, animosus, magnani- 
 
 vius. 
 Bolde, or to homely. Presump- 
 
 tuosiis, ejffons, c. f. 
 BoLDELY, or hardely. Andacter. 
 BoLDELY,ormalapertly.£^>'OH<er, 
 
 c. F. presumptuose. 
 BoLDENESSE, or hardjTiesse. Aii- 
 
 dacia. 
 BoLDENESSE, or homelynesse (to- 
 
 homlynes, K.) Presumpcio. 
 Boole, a beste (bole, net, beste, ii,) 
 
 Taurus. 
 Bolle, vesselle. Concha, Inter, 
 
 c. F. UG. 
 Bolle, dysche. Cantare. 
 Bolle of a balaunce, or skole 
 
 (scoole, H.) Lanx, cath. 
 BoYLYD mete. 
 
 Bolyyn', or boylyn'. BulJio. 
 BoYLYN ouyr, as pottys on |)e 
 
 fyre (buUjTi, ii.) EbulUo. 
 Bolyyxge, or bovlynge of pottys 
 
 or othere lyke.^ BuUicio, huUor. 
 BoLLYXGE owere as pottys plawyn. 
 
 Ebul/icio, c. F. 
 
 BoLKE,or hepe. Cumulus, acervus. 
 Bolkyn'.^ Ructo, erueto, orexoy 
 
 CATH. C.F. 
 
 BoLKYNGE, or bulky'nge. Orexis, 
 
 eructuacio, c, f. 
 BoLNYD. Tumtdus. 
 Bolnyn'.^ Tumeo, turgeo,tumesco. 
 BoLNYNGE. Tumor. 
 Bolstyr of a bedde.* Culcitra. 
 BoLTE. Petilium, tribulum) kylw. 
 Bone. Os. 
 
 BoxDE. Vinculum, ligamen. 
 Bondage. Servitus. 
 BoNDE, as a man or woman. Ser- 
 
 vus, serva. 
 Bondman. Se7'vus nativus. 
 BoNDSCHEPE. Nativitas. 
 BoNDOGGE (bonde dogge, p.)' 
 
 3I0I0SUS. 
 Bone, or graunte of prayer (boone, 
 
 p.) Precarium, cath. c. f. 
 
 peticio. 
 Bonet of a seyle. Artemo, oath. 
 
 sirapum, c, f. 
 Bony, or hurtynge (of hurtpige, 
 
 K. H. p.)*^ Fleumon, CATH.Jteg- 
 
 men, c. f. (tumor, p.) 
 
 ' " Bulla, tumor laticum, i. aquarum, a bollynge or abloure." garland, equiv. 
 
 2 " 7?Mc/o, to bolkyn." med. gr. " Bolke nat as a bene were in thy throte, ne 
 route point. ''^ pynson, boke to lerne French. " To bocke, belche, rowc/er. Bolki^g 
 of the stomake, rci?<//ej«e?«/." PALSG. A.S. bealcan, eri/cYare. Skinner gives "Boke, rox 
 agro Lincolniensl fainilim'is, significat nauseare, eructare.^^ See Boke, or Yoke, Forby. 
 
 ^ In the Wicliffite version, 1 Cor. v. 2, " Ghe ben bolnun with pride." Chaucer speaks 
 of " bollen hartes." " Bollynge yes out se but febely, ocuU prominentes.''' horm. 
 " Bolnyng or swellyng of a bruise or sore. See how this tode bolnetli, *'e?y?e." palsg. 
 
 ■* " Bolstarre, trauersin, chevecel." palsg. A.S. bolster, cervical. 
 
 = " A bande doge, Molosus.'^ cath. angl. Skinner conjectures that the word 
 bandog is derived from " band, vinculum, q. d. cants vinctus, ne scilicet noceat ; vet si 
 malts, ah A.S. l)ana, interfector.''' 
 
 *5 The CathoHcon cxplains^c(7?weH to be, " tumor sanrjuints. Item fleymina sunt 
 quanrlo in manibns et pedibus callosi sulci sunt." It would ajipear to be the same as a 
 bunnian, the derivation of which has been traced from the French, " bigne, bnsse, en- 
 flure, tunieur." RoauEF. Cotgrave renders it a bump or knob, and he gives also 
 " Bigne, club-footed." Sir Thos. Browne, Forby, and Moore, give the word bunny, a 
 small swelling caused by a fall or blow ; in Essex " a boine on the head." In CuUum's 
 Hawsted, among the words of local use, is given bunny, a swelling from a blow.
 
 44 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Bony, or grete knobbe (knowe, w.) 
 Gibbus, gibber, callus, cath. 
 
 BoxscH A WE, sekenesse (bonshawe, 
 p.)' Tessedo, sciasis. 
 
 BooRE, swyiie. Aper, verves, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Borage, hevbe. Borago. 
 
 Stultis, leprosis, scubidis, tiwii- 
 dis,furlosis, [«^o. 
 
 Dicit borago, gaudia semper 
 BooRDE. Tabula, mensa, asser. 
 BoRDECLOTHE. Mapjpa, gausape, 
 
 c. F. 
 BooRDE, or game.- Ludus, jocus. 
 BooRDON, or pleyjn' (bordyn, p.) 
 
 Liido, jocor. 
 BoRDELE. LnpHinar . prostibulum. 
 BoRDYOURE, or pleyare (bordere, 
 
 p.)3 Lusor, jnculator. 
 
 BoORDEKNYFE.iT/(?n*aCl</«,COMM. 
 UG. KYLW. 
 
 BoRDURE abowte a thynge (bor- 
 dore, K. round a-bowtyn, h.) 
 Liimbus, orarium, c. F. ora. 
 
 Borderyn', or to make a bordur 
 (maken a border about, p.) 
 Limbo. 
 
 Bore, or hole. Foramen. 
 
 Boryn', or holyn (make an hole, 
 p.) Perforo, penetro, cavo. 
 
 BoRYXGE, or percynge. Perfo- 
 racio, cavatura. 
 
 Bormyn', or pulchyn' (bornyn, 
 K.p. boornyn, ii.) • Polio, cath. 
 
 BoRWAGE (borweshepe, k. boro- 
 wage, p.) Fidejussio, c. f. 
 
 BoRWARE (borower, p.) Mutil- 
 ator, c. F. sponsor, cath. 
 
 Borwynge. 3Iutuacio, mutuum. 
 
 (BoRWE for a-nothire person, k. 
 borowe, u. p,^ Fidejussor, 
 sjjonsor.) 
 
 1 " The baneschawe, oscedo.^' cath. angl. " Oscedo, quedam infirmitas quo ora 
 infantium euulcerantur, i. e. oscitatio, oris apertio, a boueshawe." ort. " De in- 
 Jirmitatibus. Banescliaw, cralica, i. passusy Roy. MS. 17 C. XV^II, f. -40. John 
 Arderne, who was surgeon to Edward III., says in his Chirurgica, " ad ytittam in osse, 
 que dicitur bonschawe, mnltum valet oleum de vitellis ovorum, si inde ungatur." Sloau. 
 MS. 56, f. 18 b. In Sloan. MS. 100, f. 7, is given the recipe for " a good medicyn 
 for boonschawe. Take bawme and fe^irfoie, \>e, oon deel bawme, and \>q hridde parte 
 fi-J^irfoie, and staumpe hem, and tempere hem wij" stale ale, and lete J'e sike drinke 
 )>erof." In Devonshire the sciatica is termed bone-shave, and the same word signifies 
 in Somerset an horny excrescence on the heel of an horse. .' A.S. sceorfa, scabies. 
 
 2 " A bowrde, JOCKS. A bowrdeword, diceriuni, dictorimn.^' cath. angl. ^' Mis- 
 tilof/ia, a. houvde, i.faOula. Nugaciter, ho\xrd\y." ort. voc. " Bourde or game,_;eM. 
 Bourdyng, jestyng, joncherie. To bourde or iape with one in sporte, trtifler, border, 
 iounc/ter." palsg. 
 
 3 " a bowrder, mimilarius, mimilogns, lusor, joculator, ct cet' nbi a liarlotte." cath. 
 angl. *' Mistilogns, a bom-dev, i. J'abulator vel gesfintlator." ort. voc. 
 
 •» " Bornysch, bu7-)iir." palsg. Chaucer and Gower use burned in this sense fre- 
 quently, as in the Knightes tale, " wrouglit all of burned steele." 
 
 " An harnois as for a lustie knight, 
 
 AVliicli burned was as silver bright." Conf. Am. 
 Tlie word is taken from the old French word, burni, in modern orthography, bruni. 
 
 ' " A hoi-^h, Jidcjussor, vas, sponsor, obses. To be hor^hc, Jidejubere, spoiidere." 
 cath. angl. " J-idejussor, a horowe, qui pro alio se obligal, a suerty.'' ort. voc. 
 The word occurs in Piers I'loughman's Vision, Hue l,'};).")!.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULOllUM. 
 
 45 
 
 BoRowE, or plegge (borwe, k. ii.) 
 
 Vas, CATII. 
 
 Borowyn' of anodur (borwyn of 
 another, k. borowen, p.) Mu- 
 tuor. 
 
 BoRWON owt of preson, or stresse 
 (borv}Ti, H. borwne, p.)^ Vador, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 BosARDE byrde. Capus, vultur. 
 BosoME, or bosuin'. Sinus, UG. 
 
 gremium. 
 BosT (boost, p.) Jactancia, ar- 
 
 rogancia, ostentacio. 
 BosTARE, or bostowi'e. Jactator, 
 
 arrogans, philocompus, c. f. 
 Booston'. Jacto, ostento. 
 Boot. Navicula, scapha, simba. 
 Bote for a mannys legge (bote or 
 
 cokyr, h. coker, p.)^ Bota, 
 
 ocrea. 
 Bote of (or, p.) helthe. Salus. 
 Botelle, vesselle. Uter, obba. 
 Botelle of hey.^ Fenifascis. 
 Botlere (boteler, p.) Pincerna, 
 
 pro7niis, propinator, acaliculis, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Boteras of a walle.'* 3Tachinis, 
 
 m uripula, muripellus, fultxi ra . 
 Boterye. Celariuvi, boteria, pin- 
 
 cernactilum (^pj^omptuarium, p.) 
 BoTEW. Coturnus, botula,crepita. 
 BooTHYR. Potomium, cath. c. f. 
 BoTWRYTHE (botewright, p.) Na- 
 
 viculai'ius, UG. 
 BoTYNGE, or encrese yn byynge.* 
 
 Licitamentiim, cath. liciarium, 
 
 c. F. 
 Botuxe,^ or botum' (bot\Tn, p.) 
 
 Fundum. 
 Bo TUN, or yeue more owere in 
 
 bargajTiys (botyn, or 5eue more- 
 
 ouere in barganynge, k. botown, 
 
 H. bote, p.) Lkitor, cath. vel 
 
 in precio superaddo. 
 BoTME, or fundament (botjTu, p.) 
 
 Basis. 
 BoTME of threde, infra in CLOW- 
 
 CHEN, or clowe (botym, p.)" 
 BoTOWRE, byrde (botore, k. p.) 
 
 Onocroculus, botorius, c. f. 
 BoTWN (botun, p.) Boto,JibuIa, 
 
 nodulus, DiCT. 
 
 " Ne wight noon wol ben his borugh, 
 Ne wed hath noon to legge.'' 
 
 It is found also not infrequently in Chaucer and Spenser. 
 
 " That now nill be quitt with baile nor borow." Sheph. Cal. May. 
 " Vas, i. sponsor vel fidejussor, Anylice a borowe " (borghe, in another Edition), gar- 
 land, Equiv. " Borowe, a pledge, y^/ej^e." palsg. A..S. \)ox\i,foeiius, fidejussor. 
 
 1 " If thou be taken prisoner in this quarrell, I wyll nat borowe the, I promesse the, 
 je ne te pledgeray point. ^' palsg. 
 
 - See BOTEW, and cokyr, botew. " Boote of lether, fiousean." palsg. 
 
 3 " Botelle of haye, botteau defoyn. Aske you for the hosteller, he is aboue in the 
 haye lofte makynge botelles (or hotels) of hay, hotelier.^' palsg. In Norfolk it de- 
 notes the quantity of hav that may serve for one feed, forby. 
 
 ■» " Bottras, ;jo?'/fln/." palsg. ^^ Arc bout ant. ^' cotgr. 
 
 ^ " To boote in corsyng," (horse-dealing) "or chaunging one thyng for another, 
 gyue money or some other thynge aboue the thyng. What wyll you boote bytwene my 
 horse and yours ? tnettre on bouter dauantai(/e." palsg. A.S. betan, emendare. 
 
 '■' The collect reading is probably botme. " A bothome,y?<«du«." cath. axgl. 
 
 " " A bothome of threde, ^/ar/M»i." cath. angl. " Bottome of threde, yliceauj;, 
 plotton defil.''^ palsg. Skinner derives it from the French, bateau, /asriculits.
 
 46 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 BoTHON clothys (botonyn, k. bo- 
 ton, p.) Botono.Jihido. 
 BoTURE (botyr, k.) Butirum. 
 
 BOTURFLYE. PapiUo. 
 
 BowEofatre (bouglie, branche, 
 
 p.) Raimis. 
 BowALLE, or bowelle (bowaly, 
 
 K. H. bawelly, p.) Viscus. 
 BowALYNGE. Evisceracio, exen- 
 
 teracio. 
 Bowaylyn', or take owte bowalys. 
 
 Eviscero, cath. 
 BowDE, malte-worme (boude of 
 
 malte, p.)' GurguUo, kylw. 
 BowE. Arcus. 
 BowETT, or lanterne.'* Lucerna, 
 
 lanterna. 
 B0W3ERE (bowyere, p.) Armi- 
 
 arius, architenens, dict. 
 Bowyn'. Electa, ciirvo. 
 Bowyn', or lowtyn' (lowyn,biilkyii, 
 
 or bowyn, h. p.) Jnclmo. 
 Bowge. BuJga, c. f. 
 BowLE. Bolus. 
 BowLYX, or pley wythe bowlys. 
 
 Bolo. 
 BowNDE, ormarke. Meta, limes. 
 
 BoNTYVASNESSE (bountyuous- 
 nesse, p.) Munijicentia, lihe- 
 ralitas, largitas. 
 
 BoNTYVESE(bountyuous, p.) Mu- 
 nificus, liber alis, largus. 
 
 BowRE, chambyr. ThalamuSi 
 conclave. 
 
 Box, or buffett. Alapa. 
 
 (Box, or boyste, k. h. p. Pixis.) 
 
 Box tre. Biwus. 
 
 BoTHE, or bothyn (bothen, p.) 
 Uterque, ambo, cath. 
 
 Bo]?E, chapmannys schoppe. Pella, 
 selcla {opella, apotecha, p.) 
 
 BoYUL or bothule, herbe, or cow- 
 slope (bothil, H. boyl, p,)^ Vac- 
 tinia, c. f. menelaca, marciana, 
 c. F. 
 
 Brace, or (of, p.) a balke. Un- 
 cus, loramentum, c. F. 
 
 Brace of howndys. 
 
 Bracyn, or sette streyte. Tendo. 
 
 Bragett, drynke (bragot or bra- 
 ket, K. H. p.)' MelUbrodium, 
 bragetum (^sed hocestjictum, p.) 
 
 Bray, or brakene, baxteris instru- 
 ment. Phisa, c. F. 
 
 1 Bouds, in the Eastern counties, are weovils in malt, tusser, forby, moore. 
 
 2 Among appliances for sacred use in the Latin-English Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17. 
 C. XVII. f.4G, are "al/.sconsa, sconsse, ventifuffa, bowyt, crucibulum, cressett." The 
 word was no doubt taken from the French hoete, in Latin, boieta, capsula. 
 
 3 In the treatise of herbs and their qualities, Roy. MS. IH A. VI. f. 72 b. is mentioned 
 bothume, " Consolida media is an herbe that me clepyth wyth bothume, or whyte 
 goldys, thys herbe hath leuys that beth enelong." 
 
 * " Bragott, idromellum." cath. angl. " Hire mouth was swete as braket or the 
 meth.'' CHAUC. Milleres Tale. Skinner explains bragget to be '^species hydromelitis, 
 vel potins cerevisi(E melle et aromatibns condit(e Lancastrensibns va/i/e nsiiataV The 
 Welsh bragod has the same signification. Grose says bracket is in the North a drink 
 compounded of honey and spices. See bragwort, in Janiieson and Nares. Harrison, 
 who lived in Essex about 1575, relates in his description of England, prefixed to Ho- 
 linshed's Chronicles, ii. c. 6, how his wife was accustomed to make brackwoort, re- 
 serving a portion of the woort unmixed with liops, which she shut up close, allowing 
 no air to come to it till it became yellow, calling it brackwort, or charwort, to which 
 finally she added arras, and bay-berries powdered.
 
 PROMPTOUIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 47 
 
 Brayne. Cerebrum. 
 
 Brayyn' in sownde (brayne in 
 
 sowndynge, p.)^ barrio, catii. 
 Brayyn', as baxters her pastys 
 
 (brayn, vide in knedying, k.) 
 
 PinSO, CATH. 
 
 Brayyn, or stampyn in a mortere. 
 
 Tero. 
 Brayynge, or stampynge. Tri- 
 
 tura. 
 Brayynge yn sownde. Barritus, 
 
 c. F. 
 Brayn yn' (brayne, p.) Excerehro. 
 Braynyd, or kyllyd. Excere- 
 
 hratus. 
 Branyd, or fulle of brayne. Ce- 
 
 rebrosus, cerebro plenus. 
 Braynynge, or kyllynge. Ex- 
 
 cerebracio. 
 
 Braynles. Incerebrosus. 
 Brake, herbe, or feme'. Filix. 
 Brakebushe, or fernebrake. 
 
 Filicetum, JiUcarium, UG. in 
 
 Jilaxe. 
 Brakene, supra in bray (brake- 
 
 nesse, j.)^ 
 Brakyn, or castyn, or spewe.^ 
 
 Vomo, CATII. evomo. 
 Brakynge, or parbrakynge. Vo- 
 
 mitus, evomitus. 
 Brandelede (branlet, K.branlede 
 
 or treuet, p.) Tripes, necc. 
 Bras (brasse, p.) Es. 
 Brasyle.5 Gaudo, Dice, vel 
 
 lignum A lexan drin um. 
 Brasyn' (brased, p.) Ereus,eneus. 
 Brasyere. Erarius. 
 Bras-pott. Emola, brit. 
 
 1 " The moders of the chyldern " (slain by Constantine) " camen cryenge andbray- 
 enge for sorowe of theyr chyldern." legend, aur. "To bray as a deere doth, or 
 other beest, hrayre. There is a deer liylled, for I here hym bray." palsg. 
 
 2 " A brakane, Jilix, a brakanbuske, ^//cflrfwwi." cath. angl. " Fili.v, jlnylice, 
 feme or brakans." ort. voc. " Brake, feme, fusiere.^' palsg. In the Household 
 Book of the Earl of Northumberland 1511, it appears that water of braks was stilled 
 yearly, for domestic use. Ray gives the word brakes as generally used ; it is retained in 
 Norfolk and Suffolk. See forby and nares. 
 
 3 " A brake, pinsella, vibra, rastellum." cath. angl. 
 
 4 " He wyll nat cease fro surfettynge, tyll he be reddy to parbrake." horm. "To 
 parbrake, vomir. It is a shrewde turne, he parbraketh thus." palsg. This word does 
 not occur again in its proper place in the Promptorium. See Braking, in Jamieson. 
 
 ^ It is not a little singular to find so many notices as occur of i3rasil-wood, con- 
 siderably anterior to the discovery of Brasil, by the Portuguese Captain, Peter Alvarez 
 Capralis, which occurred 3d May, 1500. He named it the land of the Holy Cross, 
 " since of store of that wood, called Brasill." Purchas's Pilgrimes, vol. i. It is probable 
 that some wood which supplied a red dye, had been brought from the East Indies, and 
 received the name of Brasil, long previous to the discovery of America. See Huetiaiia, 
 p. 2t)8. In the Canterbury Tales, the host, commending the Nonne's preeste for his 
 health and vigour, says, 
 
 " Him nedeth not his colour for to dien, 
 With Brasil, ne with grain of Portingale." 
 
 Among the valuable effects of Henry V, taken shortly after Lis decease in 1422, there 
 occur " ii. graundes peces du Bracile, pris vi.s. I'iii.d.'' rot. pari,. In Sloan. MS. 
 2584, p. 3, will be found directions " for to make brasil to florische lettres, or torewle 
 wyth bookes."
 
 48 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Brawlere. Litigator, litigiosus, 
 
 jurgosus. 
 Brawlyn*, or strywen'. Litigo, 
 
 jurgo. Quere plura in stry- 
 
 VEN. 
 
 Brawlynge. Jurgium, litigium. 
 
 Brawne of a bore.' Aprina. 
 
 (BRAWNEof a checun, H.cheken, p. 
 PuljKi, c. F.) 
 
 Brawne of mannys leggys or ar- 
 rays. 3Iusculus, lacertus, piil- 
 pa, c. F. 
 
 Branche of a tre. Palmes, c. f. 
 (ramus, ramusculus, p.) 
 
 (Brawxche of a vyny, k. p. 
 Palmes.) 
 
 Brawxdeschyn' (brawnchyn as 
 man, k,) Vibro. 
 
 Brawndyschynge (brawnchyng, 
 
 K.) Vihracio. 
 Breche, or breke.* Bracc(e,plur. 
 Bredde or hecchyd, of byrdys 
 
 (hetched, p.) PuUiJicatus. 
 Brede, mannys fode. Panis. 
 Brede twyys bakyn, as krakenelle, 
 
 or symneV ov other lyke (twyes 
 
 bake, or a craknell, p.) Ru- 
 
 bidus, c. F. (^artocop^is, P.) 
 Brede, bysqwyte, supra (bred cle- 
 
 pyd bysqwyte, H. p.) Biscoctus. 
 Brede, or lytylle borde. Men- 
 
 sula, tahella, asseruhis. 
 Brede-huche (bredhitithe, p.) 
 
 Turrundula, UG. in turgeo. 
 Bredeciiese (bredchese, p.)' 
 
 Jumtata (^jimctata, p.) 
 
 1 Brawne, which Tooke conjectured to be boaren, flesh being understood, was applied 
 anciently in a more general sense than at present. The etymology of the word may be 
 traced with much probability to the Latin, apmgnum, callum. Piers Ploughman speaks 
 of "brawn and blod of the goos, bacon and colhopes ;" and Chaucer in the Knight's 
 Tede applies the word, as it has been here, to the muscular parts of the human frame. 
 
 " His limmes gret, his braunes hard and strong." 
 The gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth gives the word in this sense, 
 
 " En lajambe est la sure, (the caalf.) 
 
 E taunt cum braoim rest ensure, (the brahun.)" Arund. MS. 220, f. 298. 
 
 " }>e brawne of a man, musculus." cath. angl. "Lacerna, vel lacertus, proprie 
 superior pars brach'd vel musculus, brawne of the arme." med. Harl. MS. 2257. 
 " He hath eate all the braune of the lopster, callum." horm. " Braon, le gras des 
 Jesses." ROQUKF. Roman de Rou. 
 
 ^ " Breke, bracce, femorale, perizoma, saraballa. Breke of women, feminalia." 
 CATH. ANGL. A curious illustration of the use by the fair sex of this last mentioned 
 article of dress is supplied by the Roll of expenses of Alianore, Countess of Leicester, 
 A.D. 12G5, edited by Mr. Botfield for the Roxburghe Club. " //ew, pro vi pellibiis 
 baszeni ad cruralia Comitissa, per Hicqe Cissorem, a'xid. pro Hi ulnis tarentinilli ad 
 endem, per enndem, xiid. pro plumd ad eadem, xiid." \mgc \0. " liatAini dicunlur 
 vestes linee usque ad genua pertinentes, a breche." ort. voc. " Breche of hosen, 
 braiette, braie, braies." pai.sg. Elyot gives in his Librarie, a quaint synonyme in 
 his rendering of the word " subligaculum, a nether coyfe or breche." 
 
 3 See CRAKKNEi.LK, brede, and symnel. 
 
 •» Juncata, which is written a\so juncia, juncheta, and ju7nentata, is explained to be 
 "lac concretum, et juncis involutum, mattes or crudde." ort. voc. \nYreuch joncfiie, 
 which is " a greene cheese or fresh cheese made of milke that's curdled without any 
 runnet, and served in a fraile of green i-ushcs." cotgr. Bred in the Eastern counties 
 signifies at the present time the board used to press curd for cheese, somewhat less in
 
 PROMPTOniUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 49 
 
 Brede of mesure.i Latitudo. 
 Bredyn' or hetchyn'j as byrd)-s 
 
 (foules or birdes, p.) Pullijico. 
 Bredyn', or make more brode. 
 
 Dihito. 
 Brede vermyne. Vermesco. 
 Bredvnge, orbrodynge (orforthe 
 
 bringinge, p.) of birdys. Ebro- 
 
 cacio,Jbcio, c at n.fomentacio. 
 Bredynge, or makynge brode. 
 
 Dilatacio. 
 Breyde lacys. Neclo, torqueo, 
 
 UG. laqueo, fibido. 
 Bredynge of lacys, or ojier lyke. 
 
 Laqueacio, nectio, connectio. 
 Breydyn', or vpbi'eydyn'. Impro- 
 
 pero. 
 (Brayde, sawte, or brmit, p.^ 
 
 Impetus.) 
 Breke, or brekynge. Ruptiira, 
 
 fractura. 
 Brekyn' or breston' (brasten, p.) 
 
 Frango. 
 BRAKYN'a-smider cordys and ropis 
 
 and oJ)er lyke. Rumpo. 
 
 (Breken claddis, p,^ Occo., uo.) 
 Brekynge. Fraccio. 
 Breme, fysche. Breinulus. 
 Bren, or bryn, or paley.^ Can- 
 
 tiibrum, furfur., catii. 
 Brennar, or he jjat settythe a 
 
 thynge a-fyre. Combustor. 
 Brennyn, or settyn' on fyre, or 
 
 make bren'. Incendo, cremo, 
 
 comburo. 
 Bren', by the selfe (brenne, p.) 
 
 Ardeo. 
 Brennynge. Ustio, combustio, 
 
 incendium. 
 Brent. Combustus, incensus. 
 Brere, or brymmeylle (bremmyll, 
 
 or brymbyll, p.) Tribulus, 
 
 vepris. 
 Brese.5 Locusta, asilus, UG. 
 Brest, or wantynge, of nede (at 
 
 nede, p.)^ Indigencia. 
 Breeste of a beste. Pectus. 
 Breeste-bone. Torax, uo. in 
 
 torqueo. 
 (Brasten, supra in breken, p.) 
 
 circumference than the vat ; the bred-chese may have been one freshly taken from the 
 press, or perhaps so called as being served on such a " bred," or broad platter. 
 ' " Brede or squarenesse, crow?/;'e." palsg. K.S. hrxA, latitudo. 
 
 2 " Brayde, or hastynesse of mynde, colle. At a brayde, Jaisant man effort. At 
 the first brayde, de prime face. To brayde or take a thyng sodaynly in haste, je me mets 
 a prendre Iiastiuement. I breyde, I make a brayde to do a thing sodaynly, je m'efforce. 
 I breyde out of my slepe,_;e tressaulj..^' palsg. See brade, in Jamieson. 
 
 3 " Occo, scindere, ylebas ,rangere, Anylice to clotte." ort. voc. Compare drestyk 
 clotty s. 
 
 ■• See PALY of bryne. " Pai7/e, chaffe, the huske wherein corn lieth." cotgr. From 
 the Latin palea. 
 
 •'' " A brese, atelabus, bnicns, vet locusta.^' oath. angl. " Atelabus, a waspe or a 
 brese." ort. voc. " Brese or long flye, presier," palsg. A.S. briosa, tabanus. 
 
 * Hampole uses this word in the Pricke of Conscience. 
 
 " Lorde, when sawe we the hafe hunger or thriste, 
 
 Or of herbar haue grete briste." Harl. MS. 6723, f. 84. 
 
 It is perhaps taken from the Danish, " brost, default, have brost, to want or lack a 
 thing." WOLFF. 
 
 CA.MD. SOC. 
 
 H
 
 50 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Brestyn', or cleue by ]>e selfe 
 
 (brasten, p.) Crepo. 
 Breste clottys, as plowmen (clod- 
 
 des, p.) Occo. 
 Breste downe (brast, p.) Sterno, 
 
 dejicio, ohrtio. 
 Breke couenant. Fidifrago. 
 Breke lawys. Legirumpo. 
 Brestyn^ owte. Erumpo, eructo. 
 Brestynge, supra in brekynge. 
 Brestynge downe. Prostracio, 
 
 consternacio. 
 Betrax of a walle (bretasce, k. 
 
 bretays, n. p.)' Propugnacu- 
 
 lum, Dice. 
 Brethe. Anelitus, alitus, spi- 
 
 ramen. 
 Brethyn', orondyn'. Spiro,anelo^ 
 
 aspiro. 
 Breuetowre. Brevigeruhis, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Breyel. Srollus, brolla, tniser- 
 ctilus. 
 
 Brybery, or brj'be. Manticulum, 
 
 c. F. 
 Brybyn'. Manticulo, latrocinor. 
 Brybowre-'^ Manticulus, man- 
 
 ticula, CATH. 
 
 Br YD. Avis, volucris. 
 
 Br YD ALE. Nupcice. 
 
 Brydale bowse. Nuptorium, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Brydbolt, or burdebolt. Epi- 
 
 t ilium. 
 Bryde, inffa in spowse fman or 
 
 woman, infra in spowse, P. 
 
 mayde or woman, w. Spon- 
 
 sus, sponsa.^ 
 Brydylle (bridell, p.) Erenwn, 
 
 erica, cath. 
 Brydelyn'. Freno. 
 Brydelyn', or refreynyn'. Re- 
 
 freno. 
 Brydelyme. Viscus. 
 Bryge, or debate (bryggyng, k.)' 
 
 Briga, discensio. 
 
 ' " A hrttd^^y ngt, proptignactilum.'^ oath. angl. The Catholicon says, " dicuniur 
 proptignacuta pinne murorniH sive summe partes, quia ex his propugnatur.''' In the 
 Treatise " de Utensilibus," written by Alex. Necchani, about the year 1225, in the 
 chapter relating to a castle, the French gloss renders projmgnacula, hrestaches, and 
 pinne, karneus. Cott. MS. Titus, D. xx. f. 1.9G. " Bretesse, brettc/ie, bretesque, 
 forteresse, tour de hois mobile, parapet, creneavx, paltssade.'''' roquef. This word was 
 applied rather indefinitely to denote various appliances of ancient fortification. See 
 bretachiw, in Ducange. It more projjcrly signified the battlements ; thus it is said 
 of the valiant Normans, 
 
 '^ Ah berieiches monterent, et au mur guernelL'^ Roman de Rou. 
 
 In Lydgate's Troy we read that, 
 
 " Every tower bretexed was so clene " 
 
 In a contract made at Durham in 1401, is the clause, " Et supra istas fenestras faciei 
 in uiroque muro ailours, et bretissementa battella/a.''' 
 
 2 " Who saveth a thefe when the rope is knet. 
 
 With some false turne the bribour will him quite." lydgate. 
 
 In Piers Ploughman bribors are classed with " pilors and pikeharneis." In Rot. Pari. 
 22 Edw. IV. n. 30, are mentioned persons who " have stolen and bribed signetts," that 
 is, young swans. " A bribur, circuinforaneus, Instro, sicefaufa." oath. angl. " To 
 bribe, ))uli, jiyll, briber, Romant, dirobber. He bribeth, and he poUeth, and he gothe 
 to worke." palsg. 
 
 ' Tiiis word occurs in Ciiaucer, T. of Melib. " min adversaries ban begonne this
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 51 
 
 Brygge. Pons. 
 
 BRYGYRDYf. J.' Lumbave, renah. 
 
 Brygows, or dcbate-makar. Uri- 
 
 gosus. 
 Bryllare of drynke, or schen- 
 
 karo (drinkshankere, p.) Pro- 
 
 pinator, propinatrix. 
 Bryllyn', or schenk drynke.'' 
 
 Propino. 
 Bryllynge of drynke (of ale, k.) 
 
 Propinacio. 
 Brym, or fers.' Ferns, ferox. 
 Brymbyll, supra in brere. 
 Bryngare. Allcitor, lator. 
 Brynge to. Affiero, perdiico. 
 Brynge forthe chyldyr, or chyl- 
 
 drun. Parturio, pario, edo. 
 
 (BRYNGYNforthe, or shewyn forthe, 
 
 K. p. Profero.) 
 Brynge forthe frute. Fruct'ifico. 
 Brynge forthe kynlynge. Fe.to. 
 Brynge yn to a place. Infer o^ 
 
 indnco. 
 Bryngyn, or ledyn. Indnco, in- 
 
 troduco. 
 Brynge to mynde. Reminiscor, 
 
 commemoro. 
 Brynge owte of place. Educo. 
 Bryngynge. Allatura. 
 Bryne, or brow of J)e eye. Su- 
 
 percilium. 
 (BRYNNEof corn, K. Cantabrum, 
 
 furfur.) 
 
 BRYNEof salt. *S'o/*?<^0, CATH.C. F. 
 
 debat and brige by bis outrage." Roquefort gives " Briga, qnerelle, demel^, combat. 
 Brigueux, querelleur : ''' and Cotgrave ^^ Brigue, contention, altercation." Skinner 
 v.'ould bowever trace the word to A.S. brice, ruptura. Horman says, " beware of 
 such brygous matters {abatineas omni cahcmnid), for thou ougbtest nat to hold cour- 
 rishly ageynst thy maister." See Briga, in Kennett's Glossary. 
 
 ^ " Lumbare, Anglice a breke-gyrdle, cingulum circa lumbos, et diciiur a lumbis, 
 quia eo cinguntur et religantur, vet quia lumbis inhereat. Item dicitur et coxale, et 
 bracharium, et renale, sed proprie renale quod renibus assignatur, sicut ventrah circa 
 ventrem cingulum." ort. voc. from the Catholicon. " Braccale, braccarium, a breke- 
 girdul. Marcipium, a brigirdele." med. " Perisoma, braygurdylle.'' Harl. MS. 
 1002, f. 116. The terms brekegirdle and bygirdle are occasionally confounded together, 
 and it may be questioned which of the two was here intended : the latter is the Anglo- 
 Saxon bigyrdel, zona, saccus, /isctcs, which properly signifies a purse attached to the 
 girdle. In this sense it occurs in P. Ploughman, " the bagges and the bigirdles." 
 Vision, lin. 507'J. " A bygyrdylle, marsvpium, renale." cath. angl. ^^ Renale, a, 
 bygyrdyll, est zona circa renes. Brachile, i. lumbare, dicitur etiam cingulum reninn, 
 a bygyrdell. Cruma vel crumena est bursa, vel saccus pecunie, vel marsupium, a by- 
 gyrdell." CRT. voc. On the Northern coast of Norfolk, opposite Burnham Westgate, 
 is an island of singular shape, resembling the letter S : it is about a mile in length, 
 following the direction of its tortuous form, and very narrow tliroughout. It still bears 
 the name of Rridgirdle, evidently from its supposed similarity to the ancient article of 
 dress called the brygyrdyle. See No. lxix. of the Ordnance Suivey. 
 
 2 " To hyrle, propinare, miscere.'' cath. angl. Ang. S. byrlian, haurire, byrle, 
 pincerna. Jamieson gives the same sense of the verb to birle. See hereafter schenkyn 
 drynke. A.S. scencim, propinare. 
 
 ^ This word occurs in R. Brunne, and Chaucer. See also Gawayn and Golagros. 
 " He come lyke a breme bare.'' Sir Amadas. " Brimme, feirse, _/?e/-." palsg. A.S. 
 bremman,yKrere. In the dialects of Norfolk and Suffolk, brim is retained only in the 
 following sense, " a brymmyng as a bore or a sowe doth, en rougr."' palsg. "To 
 brynie, subare.^^ cath. angl. Elyot renders " subo, to brymme as a boore doth, 
 whan he getteth pygges." See further in Ray, Jamieson, and Forby.
 
 52 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Brynke of a wesselle. Margo. 
 Brynke of watyr, supra in 
 
 BANKE. 
 
 Brysyde (brissed, p.) Qtiassatus, 
 
 contusus. 
 Brosyn or qwaschyn' (brysyn, 
 
 K. bryszyn, H. brissen, p.)' 
 
 Sriso, CATH. (juasso, brisco, 
 
 c. F. allido. 
 (Brisyng, oi- brissoure, k. bryss- 
 
 ynge or bryssure, H. Quas- 
 
 satio, contusio, collisio.^ 
 Brystylle, or brustylle (burs- 
 
 tyll, p.) Seta. 
 Bryghte. Clarus, splendidus, 
 
 rut'dans. 
 Bryhtenesse. Splendor. 
 Bryghte swerde. Splendona. 
 
 Brocale, or lewynge of mete 
 (brokaly of mete, p.)^ Frag- 
 mentum, comm. 
 
 Broche of threde. Vericulum. 
 
 Broche, juelle (jowell, p.)^ Mo- 
 nile, armilla. 
 
 Broche for a thacstare.'' Fir- 
 ma culum. 
 
 Broche, or spete (without-yn 
 mete, h. withoute, p.)'' Veru. 
 
 (Broche or spete, whan mete is 
 vpon it, p. Verutum.^ 
 
 Broche for spyrlynge or herynge.® 
 Spiculum, comm. 
 
 Brochyn', or settyu a vesselle 
 broche (a-broche, k. p.) Atta- 
 mino, clipsidro, kylw. 
 
 Brode, or wyde. Latus, amplus. 
 
 * "To bryse, quatere, quarsare. BrysiWe, fraffilis, fisilis, fracficius, J'ractilis," 
 CATH. ANGL. A.S. brysan, conterere. The word bryse is, however, probably taken 
 more directly from the French. Palsgrave gives " to brise or bray herbes or suche 
 like in a morter, briser.'^ In the curious treatise of the virtues of herbs, Roy. MS. 
 18 A. VI. f. 72 b. is mentioned " bryse-wort, or bon-wort, or daysye, consolida minor, 
 good to breke bocches." 
 
 " Elyot renders " Analecta, fragmentes of meate whiche falle vnder the table. Ana- 
 lectes, he that gadereth vp brokelettes." 
 
 3 The broche was an ornament common to both sexes; of the largesse of Queen 
 Guenever it is related, " Everych kny3t she 3af broche other ryng." launkai, miles, 
 " Fibula, a boton, or broche, prykke, or a ])ynne, or a lace. Munile, ornamentum est 
 quod ardet ex femiuarum pendere collo, quod alio nomine dicitiir firmaculnm, a broche." 
 ORT. voc. The jewel which it was usual about the commencement of the XVIth Cen- 
 tury to wear in the caj), was called a broche. Palsgrave gives " IJroche for ones cappe, 
 broche, ymaye, ataivhe, afficquet. Make this brotche fast in your cappe. Broche with 
 a scripture, deuise.^' Tlie beautiful designs of Holbein executed for Henry VIII. and 
 preserved in Sloan. MS. 5.'UJ8, afford the best examples of ornaments of this descrip- 
 tion. See also the Privy Purac Expenses of the Princess Mary, edited by Sir F. Madden. 
 
 ■* Broaches are explained by Forby to be " rods of sallow, or other tough and pliant 
 wood split, sharpened at each eiul, and bent in the middle ; used by thatchers to pierce 
 and fix their work. Fr. broche.''' 
 
 '' " A soudear for lacke of a brotche or a sjjyt, rosteth his meate u)ion his wepon 
 made lyke a broche." horm. Tliomas, in his Principal Rules of Italian Grammar, 
 ITjIS, renders " stocco, an armyng swoorde made like a broche.'' In the Earl of 
 Nortliumberland's Household Book, 1511, it appears that the broches were turned by 
 a " child of the keching." ant. ki;i'. iv. 2.5.J. Palsgrave alludes to the same primi- 
 tive usage, "• when you haue broched the meate (embrochi) lette the boye tourne, and 
 come you to churche." See also Leland's Coll. vi. 4. 
 
 *• " A si)crlynge, ipimera, uperlingus." oath, angl. " S])urlin, a smelt. Fr. nspcrlan." 
 SKINNER. The name is retained in Scotland; see sparlyng and spirling in Janiieson.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 53 
 
 Erode, or large of space. Spa- 
 
 ciosus. 
 Erode of byrdys. PulUJicacio. 
 Erode hedlese nayle. Clavus 
 
 acephalus. 
 Erood arowe (brodarwe, K.)i 
 
 Catapidta, cath. 
 Erood axe, or exe. Dolabrum, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Brodyn, as byrdys (and fovvles, p.) 
 
 Foveo,fetifico., c. f. in alcyon. 
 Erodynge of byrdys. Focio, 
 
 CATH. (focacio, p.) 
 Eroydyn (broyded,p.) Laqueatus. 
 Eroylyd. Ustulatus. 
 Eroylyd mete, or rostyd only on 
 
 Jje colys. Frixum, frixitura, 
 Erolyyn', or broylyn'. Ustulo, 
 
 ustillo, torreo, cath. 
 (Brox.yyt>, supra m eroylyd, k.) 
 (Brolyynge, orbroylinge, K. l/s- 
 
 tulacio.^ 
 (EROKjbest, K. brocke, p.^ Taxus, 
 
 castor, melnta, pictorius.) 
 Broke, watyr. Rivulus, torrens. 
 Broke bakkyde. Gibbosus. 
 Brooke mete, or di-ynke (broken, 
 
 p.)^ Fetineu, vel digerendo re- 
 
 tinere. 
 Brokynge of mete and drynke. 
 
 Retencio {retencio cibi vel 
 
 potus, digestio, p.) 
 Erokdol, or frees (brokyl or fres, 
 
 II. brokill or feers, p.) Fragilis. 
 Erome, brusche. Genesta,mirica, 
 
 CATH. tamaricium, c. f. 
 Bronde of fyre. Facula, fax, 
 
 ticio, torris, c. f. 
 Brondyde. Cauterizatus, c. f. 
 Bronnyn' wythe an yren'(brondyn, 
 
 p.) Caiiterizo. 
 Brondynge. Cauterizacio, c. f. 
 BRONDYNGEyren'.CflM^^rmm, c. F. 
 Brostyn, or broke. Fractus, 
 
 ruptus. 
 Brostyn man, yn jje cod. Her- 
 
 niosus, c. F. 
 Brothe. Brodium, Uquamen, 
 
 c. F. 
 Browdyd, or ynbrowdyd (brow- 
 
 dred, or browden, p.) Intextus, 
 
 acupictus, c. F, frigiatus, ug. 
 Browdyn', or inbrowdyn' (in- 
 
 browdyr, p.) Intexo, c. Ffrigio, 
 
 ug. in frigid. 
 Erowdyoure (browderere,p.)/n- 
 
 textor, c. F.frigio, cath. ug. 
 Browe. Supercilium. 
 Browesse (browes, ii. p.)' Adi- 
 
 paticm, c. F. 
 
 ' The Catholicon explains catapulta to be " sagitta cum ferro bipenni, quam sagit- 
 tam harbatam vacant." Palsgrave renders broad arrow, '^ raillon :'' and Cotgrave 
 gives "fer defllche a raillon, a shoot-head, a forked or barbed head." 
 
 2 See above BAWSTONE. " Fiber, id est castor , a brocke. Fibrina testis que tra- 
 mam de Jxhri land habet, a clothe of brocke woU." ort. voc. " Brocke a best, taxe." 
 PALSG. The Wicliffite version renders Hebr. xi. 37, " Thei wenten about in brok 
 skynnes, and in skynnes of geet." A.S. bioc, grumiis. 
 
 ■' "To brooke nieate, digtrer, aualer. I can nat brooke this pylles. He hath eaten 
 raw quayles, I fear me he shall neuer be able to brooke them." palsg. A.S. brucan, 
 Jrui. Margaret Paston, writing about the sickness other cousin Bemay, 14 Edw. IV. 
 1476, 7, says, " I remember yat water of mynte, or water of niillcfole, were good for 
 my cosyn Bernay to drynke, for to make hym to browke." Paston Corresp. V. 15G. 
 
 ■* Skinner explains brewse to be ^' pants jure intinctus," which is the precise meaning
 
 54 
 
 PROMPTORIUiM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Browett.' Bvodielhim. 
 Browne. Fuscus, subniger, ni- 
 
 gellus, c. F. UG. in a. 
 Browne ale, or other drynke 
 
 (brwyn, k. p. bruwyn, H.'' 
 
 browyn, w.) Pandoxor. 
 Browstar, or brewere. Pan- 
 
 doxator, pando.vatrlx. 
 Brothyr. Frater. 
 Brodyr yn lawe. Sororius, c. r. 
 Brodyr by the modyr syde onely 
 
 (alonly by moder, p.) Ger- 
 
 manus. 
 Brownworte herbe (brother 
 
 wort, p.) Pulio, peruleium 
 
 {puleium, p.) 
 Brunstone, or brymstone. Sul- 
 
 phur. 
 
 Brunswyne, or delfyne.^ Foca, 
 
 delphinus, suillus, cath. 
 Brunt.^ Insultus, impetus. 
 Bruntun, or make a soden stert- 
 
 ynge (burtyn, p.) Insilio, cath. 
 Brusche. JBruscus, c. f. 
 Bruschalle (brushaly, K.) Sar- 
 
 mentum, cath. ramentum, UG. 
 
 iti rado, ramalia, arbustum. 
 (Brustyl of a swjTie, k. p. Seta.^ 
 BuDDE of a tre. Gemma, c. F. 
 
 botrio,frons, UG. in foros. 
 
 BuDDE FLYE. 
 
 Buddun' as trees. Gemmo, c. f. 
 
 pampino, pululo, frondeo, 
 Buffett. Alapa 
 (Buffetyn, k. h. p. Alapo, 
 
 alapizo, cath.) 
 
 of brewis in the North of England, brockett. Huloet, in the reign of Edward VI. 
 speaks of " browesse, made with bread and fat meat." 
 
 " A proverbe sayde in ful old langage, 
 
 That tendre browyce made with a mary-boon, 
 For fieble stomakes is holsum in potage." 
 
 Lydgate, Order of Fooles, Harl. MS. 2251, f. 303. 
 
 The Latin-English Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17. C. XVII. gives " browys, adepatum, 
 brewett, ffarrns,^' distinguishing these two words, as the Proniptorium does. Brewes is 
 derived from the plural of A.S. hriw, jusculum, but brewett is a word adopted from the 
 French, brouet, potage or broth. Palsgrave, however, gives " brewesse, potage of 
 fysshe or flesshe, brouet.'^ 
 
 ' In the Forme of Cury, and other books of ancient cookery, will be found a variety 
 of recipes for making brewets, such as brewet of Almony, or Germany, of ayrenne, or 
 eggs, eels and other fish in bruet. In a MS. of the XVth century, in the possession of 
 Sir Thomas Phillipps, No. 8336, occur " Bruet seec, bruet salmene, and bruet sara- 
 zineys blanc." The word seems to have been applied generally to any description of 
 potage, but Roquefort defines the original meaning of brouet as " chaudeau, et ce que 
 les nouvemix mar Us donnoient a leurs compagnons pour boire, le jour de leiirs noces." 
 
 * Gautier de Bibelesworth, in his Tretyz de Langage, written in the reign of Edward 
 I. gives a detailed and curious account of malting and brewing, " de breser, et de bracer.^' 
 Arund. MS. 220. In Harrison's Description of Britaine, Book ii. ch. 6. prefixed to 
 Holinshed's Chronicles, will be found a minute description of the process of brewing, as 
 jiractised in the Eastern counties in the XA'Ith century. 
 
 3 In Anglo-Saxon mere swyn signifies a d()l])liin ; the epithet brun, fuscus, is pro- 
 bably in reference to the colour of the fish. It is the porpesse, perhaps, which is in many 
 places called sea-swine, in Italian porcopesse, that is here intended. 
 
 * " Brunt, hastynesse, cAa»We-co//e. Brunt of a daunger, escousse, effort." v also.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 55 
 
 BUFFETYNGE. AhlJKlcio. 
 
 BuFFETT stole.i Scahellum, tripos, 
 
 trisilis, c. f. 
 BuGGE, or buglarde.* Maurus, 
 
 Ducius. 
 Bugle, or beste (bugyll, p.)' 
 
 Hubalus. 
 BuK, best. Dahna. 
 BuK, roo. Caprius {caprinus., p.) 
 BuLLE (of the Pope, k.) Bulla. 
 BuLLOK. Boculus, biculiis. 
 BuLTE flowre. Attatnino, cath. 
 
 taratantarizo, UG. in tardo. 
 BuLTURE (bultar, p.) Taratcm- 
 
 tarizator, politrudinator. 
 
 BuLTYD.^ Taratantarizatus. 
 
 BuLTYXGE. Taratantarizacio. 
 
 BuLTE pooKE, or bulstarre. Ta- 
 ratantarare., c. f. taratantarum, 
 UG. in tardo, politriidum. 
 
 Bombon' as been' (bummvn or 
 bumbjTi, K. H. p.)' JBombizo, 
 CATH. bombilo, bombio. 
 
 Bunchon'.^ Tundo, trudo. 
 
 BuNCHYNGE. Tuncio. 
 
 BuNDELLE. Fasciculus. 
 
 BuNNE, brede. Placenta. 
 
 BuNKYYDE (bunne kyx. Cala- 
 mus, K.)' 
 
 BuNGE of a wesselle, as a tonne, 
 
 ^ See above, bofet, thre fotyd stole. 
 
 2 " Bugge, spectrum, larva, lemures." baret. This word has been derived from 
 the Welsh bwg, larva. Higins, in his version of Junius' Nomenclator, 1585, renders 
 " leniKres nociunii, hobgoblins or night-walking spirits, blacke bugs. Terriculamenlum, 
 a scarebug, a bulbegger, a sight thatfrayeth and frighteth." See Nares, andBoggarde and 
 Bogith in Jamieson. St. Augustin and other writers mention " quosdam dannones qv.os 
 Ditsios Gain nuncupant,^'' namely incubi. See Ducange. To this word Ducius, by 
 which the bugge is here rendered, the origin of the vulgar term, the deuce, is evi- 
 dently to be traced. 
 
 3 "Bugle beest, bevgle." palsg. " Bugle, luffle, bceuf sauvage.^^ roquef. " Buffle, 
 buffes or bugles, wild beasts like oxen, uri, Buffe leather, alula bubalina." baret. 
 " Preciouse cuppis be made of bugull homys, urorum cornibus, non bubalorum.^'' horm. 
 The bugle was introduced into England in 1252, as a present to Richard, Earl of 
 Cornwall, brother of Henry III. " AJissi sunt Comiti Richardo de partibus tranxma- 
 rinis Bubali, pars vera seTus masculini, pars feminini, ut in his partibus occidentalibus, 
 ipsa animalia no7i prius hie visa mulfiplicarentur. Est autem Bubalus genus jumenti 
 bovi consimile, ad onera portanda vel trahenda apfissimum, cocodrillo inimicissimum, 
 undis amicvm, magnis cornibus communitum.'''' Matt. Paris. 
 
 ■» " Bulted, sa*.?e, boultyng clothe or bulter, bluteau. To boulte meale, bulter." 
 PALSG. He gives the word also in a metaphorical sense, " to boulte out a mater, trye 
 out the trouthe in a doubtfull thynge, saicher." See bulter-cloth, in Kennett's Glos- 
 sary. 
 
 * "Tobomme as a fly dothe, or husse, bruire. This waspe bommeth about myne 
 eare, I am afrayed leste she stynge me." palsg. 
 
 * " To bounche or pusshe one ; he buncheth me and beateth me, il me pousse. Thou 
 bunchest me so that I can nat syt in rest by the." palsg. " He came home with a 
 face all to bounced, cotitusd." horm. 
 
 " The Harl. MS. appears here to be faulty, and the correct reading probably is, 
 BUNNE, kyx. See hereafter kyx, or bunnes or drye weed. A.S. bune,_^.s7M/ff. la 
 Job. Arderne's Chirurgica, Sloane MS. 5(j, p. 3, in a list of French and English names 
 of plants, occurs " chauynot, i. hnnes;" the reading should probably be chenevette, 
 which signifies the stalk of hemp. Forby and Moore give bunds or bund-weed, as the 
 name by which in the Eastern counties weeds infesting grass land are known. Jamieson 
 explains bune to be the inner part of the stalk of flax, or the core.
 
 56 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 barelle, botelle, or othere lyke 
 (kyx of vessell, p.) Lura, 
 
 CATH. c. F. 
 
 BuNTYNGE, byrde. Pratellus. 
 BuRBLON, as ale or o})er lykore 
 
 (burbeljm, p.) Bullo. 
 BuRBULLE, or burble (burbyll, 
 
 p.)' Bulla, c. F. 
 Burdon' of a boke. Burdo. 
 BuRRE. Lappa, glis. 
 BuRGEYS. Burgensis. 
 y. BuRGYN, or burryn as trees.* 
 
 Germino,f rondo, CATii.gemmo, 
 frond eo, supra. 
 BuRGYNYNGE (burgynge, K. p.) 
 
 Germen, pullulacio. 
 BuRLE of clothe (a clothe, p.) 
 
 Tumentum, cath. c. f. 
 'Qv^'si A.YVt'^-ii ?Pedissequa,ancilla. 
 BuRXET colowre. Burnetum, hur- 
 
 netus, Dice. kylw. 
 BuRTARE, beste (barter, p.) Cor- 
 
 nupeta. 
 
 Burton', as hornyd bestys. Cor- 
 
 nupeto, ariefo. 
 BuRTYNGE. Cornupettis, c. F. 
 BuRWHE, sercle (burrowe, p.)* 
 
 Orhiculus, c. f. 
 BuRWHE,towne(burwth, K.burwe, 
 
 H. burrowe, p.) Burgus. 
 BuscEL (buschelle, k.) Modius, 
 
 (^chorus, huscellus, P.) 
 BusKE, or busshe.'' Ruhus, du- 
 
 mus. 
 BuscHOPE (busshop, p.) supra in 
 
 BISSHOPPE. 
 
 BuscHEMENT, or verement. Cun- 
 
 eus, c. F. 
 But, or bertel, or bysselle (ber- 
 
 sell, p.)^ 3Ieta. 
 But, fysche." Pecten. 
 BuTTOK. Nates, cath. piga. 
 Button', or caste forthe (butt, p.) 
 
 Bello. 
 BuTTYR, or botyr (butture, k.) 
 
 Buturtcm. 
 
 1 " BulHculus, Id est parvus hullio, a burble, tumor aque. Bullio, awellynge." ort. 
 voc. " Burble in the water, bubette. To boyle up or burbyll up as a water dothe in a 
 spring, bouilloniier." palsg. 
 
 2 " Gramino, to burion, or kyrnell, or sprynge." ort. voc. "Burryon or budde of 
 a tree, burion. To burgen, put forthe as a tree dothe his blossomes, bourgonner.^' 
 
 PALSG. 
 
 3 This word is compounded of A.S. bur, conclave, casa, and mteden, puella, a 
 bower-maiden, a chamber-maid : in like manner as bur.l>egn signifies a chamberlain. 
 
 4 Burr signifies in Norfolk, according to Forby, a mistiness around the moon ; and in 
 North Britain a halo is termed brugh, brogh, or brough ; Jamieson suggests from its 
 encircling the moon like the circular fortifications which are also called brugh. Ang. S. 
 beorj, niunimentum. The expression, " a burre about the moone " occurs in " Whim- 
 zies, or a new cast of Characters," p. 173. The same derivation may possibly apply 
 to the terms, burr of a lance, which is a projecting circular ring that protected the 
 hand ; as also the burr of a stag's horn, or projecting rim by which it is surrounded 
 close to the head. 
 
 * " A buske, arbustum, dumus,frutex, rubus." cath. angl. Buske or boske, as 
 bush was anciently written, occurs in R. Brunne and Chaucer. Spenser uses the word 
 buskets, and boskie is to be found in Shakespeare, Tempest, Act IV. In old French 
 bosc and boschet. roquef. 
 
 8 Buttes are explained by Bp. Kennet to be the ends or short pieces of land ia 
 arable ridges or furrows. " Z,j>we», buttynge or bound in fields." elyot. Celtic, but, 
 limes. 
 
 ^ Yarrell, in his History of British Fishes, observes that the flounder is called at
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUAr. 
 
 57 
 
 Buxum'.' Ohediens. 
 
 BuxuM, or lowly or make (lowe 
 
 or meke, k. p.) Hnmilis, jjius, 
 
 mansuetus, henigmis. 
 Buxum NESSE,mekenesse and good- 
 
 lyiiesse. Humilitas, mansiie- 
 
 tudo, benignitas. 
 
 BUXUMNESSE. 
 ditio, CATH. 
 
 Obediencia, obe- 
 
 Caban', lytylle howse. Pretori- 
 olum, CATH. c. F. capana. 
 
 Cable, or cabuUe, grete shyppe 
 (cabyl or schyp roop, h.p.) Cur- 
 cula, CATH. currilia, ug. in 
 curvo, curcuUa, restis, ricdens. 
 
 Caboche. Currulia, ug. in 
 curvo. 
 
 Case of closynge. Ca-psa. 
 
 Case or happe (or chaunce, f.) 
 Casus, eventus. 
 
 Cadas.'' Bombicinlum. 
 
 Cadaw, or keo, or chowghe (ca- 
 dowe or koo, k. p. ko, ii.)^ Mo- 
 il edula. 
 
 Cade of herynge (or spirlinge, 
 K. p.) or oJ)yr lyke.' Cada, 
 lacista, kylw. Ugatura. 
 
 Cage. Catasta. 
 
 Cahchare, or dryvare (catcher, 
 p.) Minator, ahactor. 
 
 Cachyn' a-way (catchinge away. 
 
 P-) 
 
 Abigo. 
 
 Yarmouth a butt, which is a Northern term ; the name is likewise given by Pennant, 
 but does not occur in the Glossaries of Northern dialect. 
 
 ' " Ne yan sal na man be boxsome, 
 
 Ne obedyent to ye kirke of Rome," 
 
 Hampole, Prick of Conscience, Harl. MS. GfiSS, f. 58, b. 
 
 " And be lofande to hym and bouxsome," namely, to God, ib. f. 101, b. " Boxome, 
 obedient, oheinsant.'''' palsg. A.S. bocsum, obediens. 
 
 - Cadas appears to have signified flocks of silk, cotton, tow, or wool, used for stuffing 
 gamboised garments. In the curious poem by Hue de Tabarie, at Middle HiU, en- 
 titled, " Coment lefiz Deufu arnie en la croyz,^^ is this passage, 
 
 " Pur akeioun hj bayle llaunche char e pure, 
 Pur cadaz e coloun de saunkfu le encusture.'" MS. Heber, No. 8336. 
 
 In the petition against excess of apparel, 1463, it is thus mentioned; " Noyoman, &c. 
 to were in the aray for his body eny bolsters, nor stuflfe of woole, coton, or cadas, nor 
 other stuffer in his doubtlet, save lynyng accordyng to the same." rot. parl. " Cadas 
 or crule, saijetfe.^'' palsg. " Cadurce poiir faire capiton, the tow, or coursest part of 
 silke, whereof sleaue is made." cotgr. Nares explains caddis to be a sort of worsted 
 lace. 
 
 3 Caddow is still the name given to the jackdaw in Norfolk, as Coles and Forby have 
 recorded. Palsgrave gives " Caddawe a byrde, c/iucas," and Withal renders "CaddoW 
 or dawe, nodulus.'^ " Monedula, a chougbe or cadess.'' elyot. Keo is from A.S. ceo, 
 cornij:. See hereafter coo byrde, or schowhe. 
 
 4 The quantity offish contained in a cade is determined by the Accounts of the Cel- 
 larist of Berking Abbey, MON. ANG. I. 83 : " a barrel of herryng shold contene 1000, 
 and a cade of herryng six hundreth, sixscore to the hundretb." Palsgrave renders 
 cade, escade, but the word does not occur in tlie Dictionaries. In 1511 it appears by 
 the Northumberland Household Book, that the cade of red herring was rated at Gs. 4d. 
 the cade of " sproytts, 2*." The spirling mentioned here was the smelt, called in French 
 esperlan. See hereafter spirlyngf,, epimera. 
 
 CA>rD. SOC. I
 
 58 
 
 PROMPTORIU.M PARVULORUM. 
 
 Chasyn', or drvye furjje (catchyti 
 
 or dryue forth bestis, p.) 
 
 Mino. 
 Cahchpolle, or pet3'-seriawnte. 
 
 Angarius, exceptor, UG. c. f. 
 Cahchynge, or hentynge (catch- 
 
 ing-e or takyng, k. p.) Appre- 
 
 hencio, decapcio, captura. 
 Cahchynge, or drywynge a-wey 
 
 or forthe. 3Iinatus, ahactio, 
 
 CATH. in ahigo, 
 Caytyffe. Calamitosus, dolo- 
 
 roSUS, UG. BRIT. 
 
 Cake. Torta, placenta, coUrida, 
 
 c. F. lihum. 
 Cakelyn' of hennys. Gracillo. 
 Cakelyxge, or callyngeof hennys. 
 
 Gracillacio. 
 Cakkyn', orfyystyn'. C'aco, cath. 
 Calamynt, herbe. Calamenta^ 
 
 hahamita (balsiata, p.) 
 Calexdis (calende, j.) Calende. 
 CALEy DERE. KaIendaritim,Ky Lw . 
 Calfe, beste. Vituhis. 
 Calfe of a legge. Sura, cath. 
 
 C. F. UG. ill suo. 
 
 CALKEorchalke,erye. Calx,creta. 
 Calkyn'.' Calculo. 
 Callyn' or clepyn'. Voco. 
 Callyn' yn', or owte, be name, 
 
 a-3ene, to-gedyr, to mete, quere 
 
 infra in clepyn'. 
 Callynge or clepynge. Vocacio. 
 Callynge or clepynge a-3ene. 
 
 Revocacio. 
 Callynge or clepynge yn to a 
 
 place. Invocacio. 
 Callynge or clepynge to-gedyr. 
 
 Convocacio. 
 Callynge or clepynge to mete. 
 
 Invitacio. 
 (Calyon, rounde stone, p.^ Ru- 
 
 dus. Hie rudus esto lapis, 
 
 durus, pariterque 7-otundus.) 
 Calme or softe, wythe-owtewynde. 
 
 Calmus, c. F. tranqiiillus. 
 Calme-wedyr. Malacia, cal- 
 
 macia, c. f. 
 Calkestoke (calstoke, p.)^ Ma- 
 
 guderis. 
 Caltrap, herbe.^ Saliunca, c. f. 
 
 cath. 
 
 ' " He calketh (»e«/i^a/) vpon my natyuyte." horm. Palsgrave gives the verb " to 
 calkyll as an astronomer doth whan he casteth a fygure, calculer. I dare nat calkyll for 
 your horse that is stollen, for feare of my bysshojipe.'' See also Paston Letters, i. 114. 
 
 ^ In the accounts of the Churchwardens of VValden, Essex, in 14G6, 7, among the costs 
 of making the porch, is a charge " for the foundacyon, and calyon, and sonde." Hist, 
 of Audley End, p. 225. Among the disbursements for the erection of Little Saxham 
 hall in 1505, is one to the chief mason, for the foundation within the inner part of the 
 moat, " to be wrought with calyons and breke, with foreyns and other necessaries con- 
 cerning the same." Rokewode's Hundred of Thingoe, 141. " Calyon, stone, ca//0M." 
 PALSG. In the dialect of Northern England a hard stone is termed a callierd. 
 
 2 " A cale stok, mayuileris.'" cath. angl. " Mat/uderis est seciitxius catilis qui 
 nascitur in tymo absciso, vel ipse tyrsHS abscisus, a koolestocke." ort. voc. "A 
 calstok." MED. In Harl. MS. 1587, occur " maguileris, wortestokk, cauletum, 
 cawlegarthe." " Calstocke, kalstocke, pie de chou." palsg. In Scotland "castock 
 or kail-castock, tbe stem of the colewort," according to Jamieson. 
 
 * In the Dictionary of Synonyms of names of plants, in Latin, French and English, 
 Sloan. MS. a, compiled about tl>e middle of the fifteenth century, occurs " Saliunca, 
 spica Cellica, Gall, xpike neltic, /Iny. calketrappe." A. Sax. coltraspi)e, rhamnng. " Cal- 
 trops, tribulns,Heu cnrduus slellatus." skinnkr. In French chausne-trappe, according 
 to Cotgrave, signifies both the thistle, and the caltrop used in war.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 59 
 
 Caltrap of j'rjii, fote hurtynge.' 
 
 Hamus, cath. c. f. ug. 
 Caltrappyn'. Hamo. 
 Calvur assamooiijor ojjyr fysshe. 
 
 Camelle, or chamelle. Camelus. 
 Cammyd, or schort nosyd.^ Simus, 
 
 c. F. 
 Chammydnesse (cammednesse, 
 
 Camamyle, herbe. Camamilla. \ p.) Simitas. 
 
 ' " A calle trappe, hairrns, pedica.''^ cath. angl. " Caltrapa, a caltrappe," ort. 
 voc. The Catholicon gives the following explanation of hamus. " Dicitur et hamus 
 asser cum clavis quo subtegihir terra in vineis sub arboribus defendendis , vel in domo 
 circa scrinia et thesatiros, ut si aliquando fur ingrediatur, ejus pedibus injigatur.'''' 
 In the contemporary poem describing the Siege of Rouen by Henry V. the city is said 
 to have been defended by a deep and wide dike, full of pitfalls, " of a spere of heyth." 
 " Also fuUe of caltrappys hyt was sette 
 As meschys beth made wythinne a nette.'' Archseol. xsi. p. 51. 
 " They hydde pretely vnder the grounde caltroppys of yron to steke in horse or mennys 
 fete, murices ferreos leviter condiderunt ." hqrm. Chaussetrappe is explained by 
 Cotgrave to be an " iron engine of warre made with four sharp points, whereof one, 
 howsoever it is cast, ever stands upward." Among the " muaicyons andhabyllymeuts 
 of warre '' belonging to Berwick castle, 1539, occur " 15 pece of lettes calteroopes." 
 Archseol. xi. 439. Caltraps are mentioned by Quintus Curtius in the Life of Alex- 
 ander as having been spread over the ground by the Persians to annoy the Macedonian 
 cavalry. This circumstance is thus described, Kyng Alisaunder, line 6070 : 
 
 " And calketrappen maden ynowe, 
 In weyes undur wode and bowe, 
 Alisaundris men to aqwelle. 
 And synfulliche heoni to spille." 
 
 Vegetius calls them tribuli. A representation of a caltrap, from the Tower collection, 
 will be found in Skelton's Illustrations of the Armoury at Goodrich Court, ii. pi. 132. 
 
 2 The recipe in the Forme of Cury, p. 48, directs for " vyande Cypre of saraone, 
 take almandus and bray hem unblaunched, take calwar samone, and seeth it in lewe 
 water," &c. See also p. 75, " salwar salmone ysode." Palsgrave renders " caluer of 
 samon, escume de saulmon." This term appears to denote the state of the fish freshly 
 taken, when its substance appears interspersed with white flakes like curd ; thus in 
 Lancashire the fish dressed as soon as it is caught is termed calver salmon, and in North 
 Britain caller or callour signifies fresh, according to Jamieson. " Quhen the salmondis 
 faillis thair loup, thay fall callour in the said caldrounis, and ar than niaist delitious to 
 the mouth." Bellend. Descr. Alb. c. 11. Calvered salmon is mentioned by Ben 
 Jonson and INIassinger as a delicacy ; and Isaac \Valton ajiplies the term to the gray- 
 ling. R. Holme, however, would make it appear that calver was a term applied to fish 
 dressed in oil, vinegar, and spices. See also Nares. The word " caleweis," which 
 occurs in Chaucer, Rom. of Rose, and has been by the earlier glossarists inter])reted as 
 calvured salmon, is in the original "poire de caillouel," a sort of sweet pear, called by 
 Roquefort caillos, or cailloel. 
 
 3 This word seems to be taken from the French, " camus, qui a le nez court." 
 LACOMBE. Cotgrave renders camus, flat-nosed. 
 
 " Round was his face, and camuse was his nose." chauc. Reve's Tale. 
 
 Hence also the sea-gull appears to have received a name, which is given by Elyot, 
 " Candosoccus, a sea-gull, or a camose." See Camy, and Camow-noscd, iu Jamieson's 
 Dictionary.
 
 60 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PAItVULORUM. 
 
 Campar, or pleyar at foottballe.' 
 
 Pediliisor, pecUpilnsor. 
 Campyn'. PedlpUo. 
 Campyxge. Pedipiludkim. 
 Campyon, or champyon. Athleta, 
 
 pugil, campio, cath. 
 Cancellynge, or strekynge owte 
 
 a false word. Obelus, c. f. 
 Cancet, soore or kankcre (cankyr, 
 
 K.) Pustula, UG. in puteo, 
 
 cancer, c. f. 
 Candylle (candell, p.) Ccmdela. 
 Caxdelere.- Candelarius, can- 
 delabra. 
 Caxdylrysche (candelrushe, k.) 
 
 Papirus, cath. 
 Candelbem' (candell beme, p.) 
 
 Lucernarmm. 
 Candelstykke. Candelabrum, 
 
 lucernarium, c. f. 
 (Canel of a belle, k. Canellus.) 
 Canel, spyce. Cinamoniuin, amo- 
 
 mum. 
 
 Canel, or chanelle (in the weye, 
 
 II. in the strete, p.) Canalis, 
 
 (^CKjuagium, p.) 
 Canvas, clothe. Carentinilla, 
 
 necc. Dice, canabeus, canalbus, 
 
 canabus, kylw. canabasium. 
 Canker, sekenesse. Cancer. 
 Cankyr, worme of a tre. Teredo, 
 
 UG. in tero, termus, termes, c. F. 
 Cannyn', or grucchyn' (canyyn or 
 
 grochyn, K. chanyyn, h. canyen, 
 
 p.) Murinia-o, remurmuro (^ca- 
 
 niso, p.) 
 Canonyzyde. Canonizatiis. 
 Canonizacion. Canonizacio. 
 Canope.5 Canopeum. 
 Cantel,* of what cuer hyt be. 
 
 Qnadra, UG. minutal. 
 Cantyn', or departyn'. Partior, 
 
 divido. 
 Cappe.5 Cappa, jiilleum, catii. 
 
 Dice. Campedulum, c. f. (^capa, 
 
 K. caracalla, p.) 
 
 ^ Forby and Moore have given ample illustrations of the nature of the game at ball 
 called to this day in Norfolk and Suffolk, camping : the former agrees with Ilay, in de- 
 riving the word from the A. Sax. c?Lm\n-An, praliari. The camping-land appropriated 
 to this game occurs, in several instances, in authorities of the fifteenth century ; in 
 Cullum's Hawsted, mention is found, in 14GC, of the campiug-pightle. 
 
 - This word seems to be taken from the French chandelier, a candlestick : cande- 
 larius signifies properly a maker of candlrs. See hereafter chawndelerb. 
 
 3 " Canopeum, reticulum stibt He factum de canabo. Canopeum, a gnate nette, rete 
 quo culices vel mvsce excludnniur.^' dict. wilbr. The Canope alluded to in the 
 Promptorium, was very probably the Umbraculum under which the Sacred Host was 
 carried in the jirocession on Palm Sunday. " Canapy to he borne over the sacrament, 
 or ouer a Kynges heed, jiulle, del.'''' palsg. See the word canapeum in Ducange. 
 
 * " Minutal, a lompe of brede, or cantel." ort, voc. " Cantel of bredde, cantel or 
 sliyuer, c/iantean.'" i'ai.sg. 
 
 "Of Florentys scheld a kantell 
 
 He cleft thonryght." Octouian, line 111.3. 
 
 The term occurs also in "the Anturs of Arther at the Tarnewathelan." Hall, in his 
 account of the marriage of the Princess Mary to Lewis XII, at Paris, in 1.514, describes 
 the entry of the Dauiiliin, whose " apparell and bardos were doth of golde, cloth of 
 syluer, and crymsyn velutt Icanteled together." Hall's Chron. G Hen. VIII. Roquefort 
 gives " Cliantcl, vn morccau de jiaiu," from canlellus. See Ducange, and Mon. Angl. 
 i. 1 1 1. In Norfolk, to cant is to set a thing up on edge ; see Forby, Moore, and Nares. 
 '' The priestly vestment generally known as the cope is here intended. " Capa, a
 
 PROMJ'TORIUM PAKVULORUM. 61' 
 
 Cappe, or hure, for clerkys.' 
 
 Tena, catii. c. f. 
 Cappe of a fleyle.^ 3Ieditentum, 
 
 COMM. 
 
 Capytle, or chapytle, or captur 
 (capytyll or chapytyll, p.) Ca- 
 pitulum. 
 
 Capul, or caple, horse.^ Caballtis, 
 
 c. F. 
 Capvne or capone. Capo, cath. 
 
 gallinacius. 
 Capteyn. Capitaneus. 
 Caranye, or careyn'.^ Cadaver. 
 Care-avvey, sorowles (carawey 
 
 cappe or a cope ; caracalla, a sclauyn or a cape." dict. wilbr. " A cope.'' ort. 
 Pilleum, according to the Catholicon, signifies a garment made of skins, but in its more 
 usual sense, a covering for the head. In early times the cappa was an ordinary upper 
 garment worn by ecclesiastics indiscriminately, and Ecgbert, Abp. of York, ordained 
 in the eighth century that none of the cleigy should appear in the church "sine co- 
 lobio vel cappd." Of the various modifications of this vestment, and the names by 
 which they were distinguished, a detailed account will be found in Ducange. At a later 
 period the cope was a vestment reserved for occasions of ceremony : when worn by 
 prelates and dignitaries, tlie richest tissues were chosen, and covered with a gorgeous 
 display of jewels, orfrays, and embroidery ; but its use was not confined to them, for 
 with the exception of the priest officiating at the altar, who was vested in the sacred 
 garments appropriated to the service of the mass, the cope appears to have been worn 
 by all the assisting clergy, and even the choristers. In A. Sax. the name cappa, or 
 cteppa, was adopted from the Latin, probably as early as the mission of St. Augustine, 
 A.D. 601 ; and a cappa oloserica, one of the gifts of Gregory the Great, was preserved at 
 Canterbury until the Reformation. See hereafter coope, cnpa. 
 
 ' The use of a small cap by the clergy as a covering of the tonsure is one of con- 
 siderable antiquity, it was usually termed the coif, coypha, and this term occurs here- 
 after in the Promptorium. This was identical, as Joh. de Athoaa asserts, with the 
 tenm or infuld', but these appear more prof)erly to have been lappets appended to the 
 coif, and which occasionally were fastened under the chin. At various periods, when 
 the clergy, disregarding strict propriety in demeanour and dress, became assimilated in 
 externals to the laity, the coif was specially decried by the Church. Thus in the Council 
 of London in 12G7, the Legate Othobonus ordained that the clergy should never appear 
 in public with the coif, except in travelling, because thereby the corona, or circlet of hair 
 left by the tonsure, was concealed, and therein '■^ pracipue deponitio terrenorum, et 
 reyalis sacercloiii dignitas designantur.'''' See Lyndwode, Proviucialc, p. 88. Hure, 
 howe, or howfe, are synonymous, and are derived from A. Sax. liufa, cidaris. See 
 hereafter howe or hure, heed hyllynge, and hwyr, cappe. 
 
 * • "Cappe of a flaylle, cappa." cath. axgl. "Cappe of a flayle, liasse d'nn 
 flaiau." PALSG. 
 
 3 This word, which, as Skinner observes, is evidently a corruption of caballus, is 
 used by Chaucer : the Cambridge Scholar exclaims, when the ^liller lets his horse loose, 
 
 " Why ne hadst thou put the capell in the lathe." Reve's Tale. 
 
 " The kny3t kache3 his caple and com to the lawe." Gawayn and the 
 
 Green Knyjt, lin. '2175. 
 
 " Capull, a horse, roussin." palsg. Cotgrave explains roussin to be "a curtail, a 
 strong German horse." Elyot gives " Caballus, a horse ; yet in some partes of England 
 they do call an horse a cable." 
 
 ■• This word is written by R. of Gloucester and P. Ploughman caroyne, by Chaucer 
 careyne. In the Wicliffite version likewise, Ilebr. iii. 17, is rendered, " Whether not 
 to hem that synneden, whos careyns weren cast doua in desert ? " It is taken from 
 the French ^' caroigne, cudavre." roqi'iu'.
 
 62 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 sorweles, h. caraway, p. care- 
 
 awaye, w.) Tristicia procul. 
 Caraway herbe. Caru-y, sic 
 
 scribitur in campo jiorum. 
 Carde, wommanys instrument. 
 
 Cardus, c. f. discerpicidum. 
 Carde maker. Cardifactor. 
 Cardyn' wolle. Carpo. 
 Cardenale (cardynall, p.) Car- 
 
 dinalis. 
 CARDYACLE(car(iyakyll, p.) Car- 
 
 diaca, ug. in Cardyan. 
 Care. Tristicia, mesticia, dolor. 
 Care, of hert-besynesse (hertlybe- 
 
 synesse, p.) Solicitudo. 
 Caryn' jTi' herte. Solicitor. 
 Carre, carte. Carriis, c.F.currus. 
 Carre, orlytylle carte j^atoonehors 
 
 drawj'the. Monocosmus, cath. 
 Caryare. Vector, vectitor. 
 Caryage. Vectura, portagittm, 
 
 cariagmm. 
 
 Caryynge (cariynge, p.) idem est. 
 Caryn', or cary (caryen, p.) 
 
 Veho, transveho. 
 Caryynge vesselle, or insti-ument 
 
 of caryynge. Vector ium, cath. 
 
 Cartehowse (carfax, or carfaus, 
 
 H. p.*) Quadriviiim. 
 Carkeys. Corpus, cadaver. 
 Carle, or chorle.* Rusticus. 
 Carle, or chorle, bondeman or 
 
 woman. Servus nativus, serva 
 
 nativa. 
 Carlok, herbe.^ Eruca. 
 Caral, songe (caroll, p.)^ Pali- 
 
 nodium, ug. inpaluri (^psalmo- 
 
 dium, psalmodinacio, k.) 
 Caroolyn', or synge carowlys 
 
 (carallyn, p.) Psalmodio, (pal- 
 
 linodio, p.) 
 Carolynge. Palinodiacio. 
 Carp ARE. Fahidator, garula- 
 
 tor, garnla. 
 Carpyn', or talkyn'.* Fahulor, 
 
 confahulor, garrulo. 
 Carpe, fysche. Carpus. 
 Carpynge. Loquacitas, garxi- 
 
 lacio, coUocutio. 
 Cart. Biga, reda, quadriga. 
 Cartare. Bigarins, redarius, 
 
 auriga. 
 
 Cartyn', or lede wytho a carte." 
 Carruco, cath. 
 
 ' The Harl. IMS. gives licre cartehowse, which appears wliolly erroneous. The 
 word does not occur in the MS. at King's College. Skinner derives the name of the 
 Carfax at Oxford from the French carrefour, or possibly from quaire faces : another 
 derivation has been proposed, from quatre votes. See an article on the Oxford Carfax, 
 in the Antiq. Repert. iii. i.'G7. 
 
 2 " Harke howe the fat carle puffeth, le gros vilam." pai.sg. A. Sax. ceorl, carl- 
 man, rvsticus. 
 
 ^ According to Gerarde, carlock, charlocke, or chadlocke, is a sort of wild rape or 
 turnip, rapistrum arvorum, now known as the sinapis arvensis. In Arderne's Practica, 
 however, aubfoyn, which is projjcrly the cornflower, is rendered karloke, Sloan. MS. 
 .^6. A. Sax. cerlice, raputn sylvestre. " Ervca, a colcworm or a carlok.'' out. voc. 
 
 ■• " A caralle, corea, chorus.'''' cath. angl. " Carole a song, cai-olle, chanson de 
 Aoi'l." I'ALSG. A. Sax. kyrriole, a chanting at the Nativity. 
 
 * Palsgrave gives the verb, " to carpe, Lydgate, this is a farre northen verbe, cac- 
 queter.'^ Gower uses it, Conf. Am. lib. vii. 
 
 " So gone thei forthe, carpende fast 
 On this, on that." 
 
 * The Promptorium docs not give again the verb to lead, as it is here used, in the
 
 PROMPTORIU.M PARVULORUM. 
 
 63 
 
 (Casard, netes donge, p. casen, 
 
 w.' Bozetum.^ 
 Cast, or castyd. Jactatus, pro- 
 
 jectus. 
 (Caste downe, k. p. Prostra- 
 
 tus, projectiis.) 
 Castyn', or brakyn' (as man owt 
 
 the stomack, k.)- Vomo, evomo. 
 Castyn' a-vay'. Ahjicio, projicio. 
 CASTYN'jOr throwyn'. Jactojacio. 
 Castyn' downe. Dejicio. 
 Caste for to goon', or pui-pose for 
 
 to don' any othyr thynge (caste 
 
 for to go, or any other thinge 
 
 done, p.) Tendo, intendo, cath. 
 Caste lootte. Sorcior. 
 
 Caste warke (werkys, k.) or dy3- 
 posyn'. Dispono, propono. 
 
 Castynge, or a caste. Jactus, 
 jactura. 
 
 Castynge downe, or a-wey. Pro- 
 jectio. 
 
 Catte, beste. Cattus, mureligus, 
 
 pilax, CATH. 
 
 Catelle (catal, k.) Catallum, 
 
 census, cath. 
 Catyrpel, wyrm' amonge frute.^ 
 
 Erugo, UG. 
 Caton', or Catvn' (propre name, 
 
 p.)* Cato, cath. 
 Caucyon, or wedde.'^ Cautio, 
 
 cath. 
 
 signification of to carry. Caxton says, in the Boke for Travellers, " Richer the carter 
 shall lede dong {mettra) on my land, whan it shall be ered, and on my herber {courtil) 
 whan it shall be doluen." 
 
 ' '' Casings, stercus siccumjumentorum, quod panpe7-es agiri Lincolniensis ad iisum 
 foci col ligunt ; a Teut. Koth, fimus, q.d. cothings." skinner. In the North, ac- 
 cording to Brockett, casings, or cassons, are cow-dung dried for fuel. It is still the 
 usage in the neighbourhood of Lynn to employ cow-dung for this purpose. Richards' 
 Hist. i. 80. 
 
 - The Wicliffite version renders ii. Pet. 2, 22, " The hounde turnyde agen to his 
 castyng." In Sloan. MS. 100, f. 5, b. is given the following prescription: "For 
 castinge. For hem that may not browke her mete. Take centorie, and sethe it in watir, 
 and lete the sike drink it leuc warm iii dales, and he schal be hool, for this medicya 
 spourgith the brest, and the stomak." 
 
 2 " Catyrpyllar, worme, chatte pelleuse.'^ palsg. 
 
 ■» In the middle ages a metrical system of ethics, entitled " Dinticha de moribus ad 
 Jilium," attributed to Dionysius Cato, or Magnus Cato, had attained tlie highest degree 
 of estimation. It was illustrated by the comments of the most learned men of several 
 centuries, and served as a manual for the instruction of youth. It is not certain who 
 was the author; a translation from the Latin was made about 1480, by Benedict Burgh, 
 Archdeacon of Colchester, for the use of his pupil Lord Bourchier; and in 1483 Caxtou 
 published his translation from a French version, entitled " The Booke called Cathon." 
 Chaucer frequently quotes Cato : see Miller's Tale, 3227, Marchaunt's Tale, 9261. 
 Caxton says in the Boke for Travellers, " George the booke sellar hath doctrinals, 
 catons, oures of our Lady, Donettis, partis, accidents." See Warton's Hist, of Eng. 
 Poetry, ii. 166. Dibdin's Typogr. Antiq. i. 195. 
 
 5 Caucyon may here signify a pledge, as in Palsgrave, "causion, pledge, caution." 
 See hereafter wedde, or thynge leyyd yn plegge. The Catholicon, however, explains 
 cautio to be a simple promise, without oath, pledge, or surety, but idonea cautio, im- 
 plied those additional securities. It is further interpreted to be a writing, as Papias 
 says " cautio est breve recordationin cliirographum. TJnde in Evang. Luc. : Accipe 
 cautionem tuam." la the Wicliffite Version tliis passage is rendered " and he seide to 
 him, take thy cauciouu and wryte fifty," Luke xvi. 6.
 
 64 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Cawdelle.' VitelUum, caldea- 
 rium, cahleUum, et hoc nomen 
 hahetur in commenfario Johan- 
 nisde Gara (puis, ojhsium, p.) 
 
 Cawdron, vesselle (cavdryn, h.) 
 Cacabus, caJdaria, lebes, cath. 
 
 Cawcewey (cavuce, k. h. cawcy 
 wey, p.)^ Calcetum. 
 
 Cawse (skyll, K.) or enchesone 
 (cause or cawze, h.) Causa. 
 
 (Cavtele, or sleyte, k. h. caw- 
 tele or sleight, p.' Cautela.^ 
 
 Cee. 3Iare,fretum, pontus. 
 
 Cek, or cekclothe,or poke. Saccus. 
 
 Cec, or seeke (ceke, or sekenes, 
 p.) Injirmus, eger, languidus. 
 
 Cechelle, Saccellus. 
 
 Cecyn'. Cesso. 
 
 Cecynge (cecenynge, h. p.) CeS' 
 
 sacio. 
 Ceede (ced, H.) Semen. 
 Ceede of corne, as kyrnel.^ Gra- 
 
 num, semen. 
 Cedyn', as corne or herbe. Se- 
 
 mento, cath. 
 Cedyr, drynke. Ckera. 
 Ceed lepe, or hopyr.* Satorium 
 
 (^satitolum, h. p.) 
 Cedyr, tree. Cedrus. 
 Cege of (for, p.) syttynge. Se- 
 
 dile. 
 Cege of enmyes a-bowte a castelle 
 
 or cyte. Obsidium. 
 Cegge, or wylde gladone." Ac- 
 
 cor us. 
 Cegge, or stare." CarLv, c. f. 
 
 1 " Caldarium, a caM'deM." ort. voc. Palsgrave render it c/iflwtZeaM, which according 
 to Roquefort was " bonillon quUm donnoif aux ipoux le matin du lendemain des noces, 
 calens jusculum.'' In Caxton's Boke for Travellers, occur as " Potages. Caudell for 
 the seke, chaudel. Growell and wortes." Skinner and Junius interpret it to be 
 merely a spicj' drink, but in the ancient terms of cookery cawdel signifies generally 
 anything stewed down to a. purie ; see in the Forme of Cury, pp. 24, 27, " chykens in 
 cawdel, cawdell ferry;" and in Cott. MS. Julius, D. v^iii. f. 100, " Caudelle of 
 samone, caudelle of muskles." See further calenum, in Charpentier. 
 
 - Cawcewey is derived directly from the French chavsste, a word taken, as Menage 
 and other writers have observed, from the Latin calciatft, so called, as some conjecture, 
 from its being continually trodden, via calcata, but probably rather from the mode of 
 forming such a road, with stones imbedded in mortar, via calceafa, from caljc, lime. See 
 Spelman, Ducange, and Kennet, under the word ca/cea. There was a causeway at Lynn 
 leading to Gaywood, on which was situated the Hospital of St. Mary Magdalen, and 
 among the benefactors to the Hospital of St. John Bajjtist occurs Ufketel /Hius 
 sanctimonialin de Sceringes, who grants " tot am terram in Liiine super catcetam." 
 Mon. Ang. vi. 648, new edit. Palsgrave gives " Causey in a bye way, c/iansee." 
 
 3 Cotgrave renders " carifelle, a wile, cautell, sleight, guilefull devise, subtilty." 
 Fabyan relates that in 1448, the town of Pont-de-1'arche was taken by the " cautele " of 
 the Frenclmien, who introduced two men disguised as carpenters; and Hall, speaking 
 of the same occurrence, calls it " a praty cautele and slighte imposture." In Elyot's 
 Librarie occurs " Offucife, cawtelles, crafty wayes to deceyue." 
 
 ■• See hereafter kyrnel of frute, yranum. 
 
 » In Norfolk the basket carried by the sower, is still called a seed-lep. forby. 
 A. Sax. s<ed-leap, utmiriatoris corhis. See hereafter hopur, and SEEnLEP. 
 
 •■' See hereafter segge of the fene, or wyld gladone. A. Sax. secj;, yladioluH. Narcs ex- 
 plains segs to be the water flower-de-luce. " Glaijenl de riviere, sedge, water flags." cotgr. 
 
 7 The name sedge is now applied indiscriminately to the genus carcx, which probably 
 from the stifl'ness of its growth was called also stare. In Su. G. it is denominated starr,
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 65 
 
 (Cege, or preuy, p. Latrina, 
 
 cathacumba.) 
 Ceyle of a schyppe, or mylle. 
 
 Velum, carbasm. 
 Ceyl yeude. Antenna, c. f. 
 Ceylyn vpon' watyr. Velifico. 
 Ceylynge. Velijicacio. 
 (Cek, supra in cec, p.) 
 Ceekenesse. Injivviitas, egri- 
 
 tudo. 
 Cekyn', or wexe seke. Infirmor, 
 
 egroto. 
 Cekyn'. Quero, inquiro. 
 Cekyn', or serchyn'. Scrictor. 
 Ceel (ceall, p.) Sigillum. 
 Ceele, i. soldo (celde, h. p.) Ven- 
 
 ditus. 
 CeeldAxM (celdom, p.) Raro. 
 Ceel, fysche. Porcus marinus. 
 Cele, or ceele, tyme.' Tempus. 
 
 Ceelle, or stodyynge howse (cell 
 
 or stody hows, p.) Cella. 
 CKLER.Cell((riu)7i,p)'0})iptuarinm. 
 Celerehe of ])e howse. C'eUerar- 
 
 ius, promus (promptuarius, p.) 
 Celydony, herbo. Celldonia. 
 Celyn' letters. Sigillo. 
 Ceelyn' wythe syllure." Celo. 
 Cellyn'. Vendo. 
 Cellynge. Vendicio. 
 Celwylly, infra quere in sel- 
 
 WYLLY. Ejfienatus. 
 Ceem, of a clothe (or other lyke, p.) 
 
 Sutura. 
 Ceme, or quarter of corne. Quar- 
 
 terium. 
 Cemely, or comely yii syghte. 
 
 Decens. 
 Cemely, or on seemely wyse 
 
 (comly wyse, p.) Decenter. 
 
 Isl. stor, " quum herba sit perquam rigida." ihre. See hereafter segge, star of the 
 fenne, and stare. 
 
 1 Ray in his East Country Words, and Forby, have recorded the use of the word seal, 
 signifying time, or season, from A. Sax. stel, opportunitas. barlysele has occurred 
 already in the Promptorium. See hereafter seel, tyme. 
 
 2 The Catholicon explains celo to signify sculpere, pingere, and celamen or celatura, 
 sculptured or painted decoration. Lydgate in the Troye Boke uses the word celature 
 to describe vaulted work of an elaborate character. It appears doubtful whether the 
 verb to cele, and the word ceiling, which is still in familiar use, are derivable from c(elo, 
 or may not be traced more directly to cwluni and the French del, signifying not only 
 vaulting or ceiling, but also the canopy or baldaquin over an altar ; the hangings of 
 estate over a throne, which are sometimes termed dais, from the throne being placed in 
 the part of the apartment to which that name properly belonged ; and lastly the canopy 
 of a bed, "ceiler for a bedde, del de lit.'' palsg. Gervase of Dover uses the term in liis 
 graphic description of the conflagration of Canterbury Cathedral in 1174, occasioned by 
 sparks having been carried by the wind, and lodged between the roof and the interior 
 vaulting of the church ; " cceluin inferius cgregie dej/ictum, xuperiiis vera tabulcB 
 plumbecB ignem interiits accensum celavcnint." Twysden, Hist. Angl. Script. 1 J8i). 
 
 Thomas Stubbs, among the benefactions of Aldred, Archbishop of York 10(jI — 1070, 
 records that " totam ecclesiam a presbyterio usque ad iurriin ab antecessore stto con- 
 structam, superius opere pictorio quod cwlum vacant, auro multiforiniter intenuiato 
 mirabili arte construj.it." ibid. 1704. The word had a still further signification, de- 
 noting, not merely the decoration of the vaulting or roof of a chamber, but also the 
 wainscot-work upon the walls. Thus Horman says, " These wallys shal be celyd with 
 cyprusse. The rofe shal be celed vautwyse and with cheker work." See hereafter 
 SYLURE of valle, and selyn wythe sylure. 
 
 CAMD. .SOC. K
 
 G6 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Cemelynesse. Decencia. 
 Cemy, or sotelle (subtyll, p.) 
 
 SubtiUs. 
 Cemely, or sotely. Siihtiliter. 
 Cemelyn', or lykyn' (cemlyn, ii. 
 
 cemblen, p.) Assimulo. 
 Cemyn, schowyn or apperefi'. Ap- 
 
 pareo. 
 Cemyn, or becemyn. Decet. 
 Cemynge, or a cemys (or cemys, 
 
 p.) A2)parencia. 
 Cemynge, or hope(n) schowynge 
 
 (opyn, K. H. open, p.) Appm^ens. 
 Cense, or incense, or rychelle. 
 
 Incenstim, thus. 
 Censere. Thurihulum, ignibu- 
 
 lum, CATH. 
 
 Censyn', or caste ]>e sensere. 
 
 Thiirijico. 
 (Censinge, p. Thurijicatio^ 
 
 C en DEL. Sindon. 
 Cendyn' by massage. Mitto. 
 Cendynge. Missio. 
 Cene, or besene. Apparens, ma- 
 nifest us. 
 Ceene of clerkys.' Sinodus,CATH. 
 
 (^A sancto sinodo redeunt burse 
 
 sine nodo, p.) 
 Cengylle (cengylly, h. p.) Sin- 
 
 gularis. 
 Ceny, or tokyn. Signmn. 
 Ceny, or tokyn of an in or ostrye.^ 
 
 Texera, cath. tessera, c. f. 
 Centence. Sentencia. 
 Ceptyr, or mace. Ceptrum, 
 
 clava. 
 Ceercle. Circulus, girus, c. F. 
 Cercle, clepyd the snayle, as of 
 
 pentys, and other lyke.^ Spira, 
 
 UG. in spacium. 
 
 ' " A seyne, sinodus, est congregacio clericornm.^' cath. angl. Ceene or a synod 
 is from the French " nenne, assemblie tie gens d^Eglise; de ccenaculum, lieud'assem- 
 blie, suivant liarbazan.^' roquef. Sene is explained by Cotgrave to be " a Synod or 
 assembly of curates before their Ordiiiarie or Diocesan." "Cene of clerkes, con- 
 uocation." palsg. In the Legenda Aurea mention is made of the " Ceene of 
 Calcydone." f. xxvi. 
 
 2 Tfissera is rendered in the Ortus " a dyce," and texera has the same meaning ; the 
 Catholicon, however, gives another explanation, " Texere dicuntur lapides quadrati ad 
 modum f alarum, mule pavimenta sternuntur.'''' There can be little doubt that the token 
 of an inn, here referred to, is the ancient sign of the chequers, scaccarinm, the chess- 
 board or playing tables. It has been questioned whether this symbol denoted in England, 
 as it did where it occurs at Ponii)eii, a house of entertainment where play was practised, 
 or rather had its origin in the painted lattices at the doors and windows, which, as has 
 been affirmed, were part of the external indications of an hostelry as late as 1/00 ; the 
 ordinary use of such lattices is mentioned by Harrison in his description of England. " Of 
 old time our countrie houses in steed of glasse did vse much lattise, and that made either 
 of wicker or tine rifts of oke in checker-wise." B. ii. c. I'i, in Iloliushed. Among the 
 deeds and benefactions of Thomas Chillenden, Prior of the church of Canterbury from 
 1390 to 141 1 , it is recorded in the obituary, " in civitaie Cantuaria ummi I/ospUiumfa- 
 mosurii, vocalum le Cheker, ^lobilitcr adijicavit ; in eadern civilate Hospilhini de la Crowne." 
 ANG. SACRA, i. 143. The " red lattice " is a term often used to signify an ale house ; 
 Shakespeare alludes to it. Hen. IV. pt. ii. ; it occurs in Marston, Chapman, and other 
 early dramatists, and Massinger speaks of the " red grates next the door " of a tavern. 
 Of this and other inn-signs see Brand's Popular Antiqu. ii. 247, Gent. Mag. xl. 403, 
 Ixiii. .Wl, Ixiv. 797. 
 
 •' The term helix was applied to denote the volute of a capital, but here it seems pos- 
 sible that the term relates to a spiral or newel-staircase. There was however, a military
 
 PUOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 67 
 
 Cergyn, *Mjora m cekyn'. Scru- 
 
 tor, rimor. 
 Ceerchynge (cergyn, k. cerg- 
 
 ynge, h. p.) Scrutinium, per- 
 
 scrutacio. 
 Ceriawnt. Indagator. 
 Ceriawnt of mace. Apparitor, 
 
 angarius, cath. 
 Ceryn' and dryyn', as trees or 
 
 herbys. Areo, marceo. 
 Cereioavre (ceriore, k. ceriowre, 
 
 p.) Scrutator, perscrutator. 
 Ceryows. Seriositas. 
 Certayne, or sekyr. Certus, se- 
 
 curus. 
 Certenly. Certe. 
 Cervawnte. Servus, vernaculus. 
 Ceruycyable (ceruysable, p.) 
 
 Servilis. 
 Ceruycyable, or redy alle waye. 
 
 Obsequiosiis. 
 Ceruyce. Servicium, ohsequium. 
 Ceruyn'. Servio, famulor. 
 Cessyone. Cessio. 
 Cesterne, or cysterne. Cisterna, 
 
 c. F. 
 Cesun', or tyme. Tempus. 
 Cesone in londe, or o]jyr go(o)d 
 
 takynge. Seisina. 
 (Cesyn, aupra in Cecyn, p.) 
 Cesyn' (cesun, p.) or welle aray 
 mete or drynke. Tempera. 
 
 Cesun, or yeve sesenynge yn 
 
 londe, or other goodys. Cesino. 
 Cesonyd, yn tyme (cesynde in 
 
 tyme, or other suche lyke, p.) 
 Teinpestus, teinpestivus, UG. 
 Cette, or putt. Positus. 
 Cettyn', or puttyn' (plantyn, p.) 
 
 Planto. 
 (Cettyn, or putten, p. Pono.) 
 Cettynge, leynge, or puttynge. 
 
 Posicio, collocacio. 
 Cettynge, or plantynge. Plan- 
 
 tacio. 
 Cetewale, herbe (cetuall, p.) 
 
 Zedorium, Dice. 
 Cethyn' mete. Coqxio, decoquo. 
 Ceware at mete.' Depositor, 
 
 dapifer, sepulator. 
 Cevve. Sepulatum. 
 Cewyn' (yn halle, p.) Cepulo. 
 Cevene, numbyr. Septem. 
 Cevyn hundryd. Septingenti. 
 Cevyntene. Sejitemdecem. 
 Cevyntye. Septuagitita. 
 Ceventymes. Septies. 
 Cexe. Sex. 
 
 Cex hundryd. Sexcenti. 
 Cexty. Sexaginta. 
 Cextene. Sedecim. 
 Cexteyne (cyxten, j. n.) Sa- 
 
 crista, cath. 
 Cextrye. Sacristia. 
 
 engine, a variety of the testudo, used in battering walls, to which the name of the snail 
 is given in the curious version of Vegecius, made at the bidding of Sir Thomas of 
 Berkeley, 1408. " The gynue that is clepede the snayle or the welke, is a frame made 
 of goode tymber, shaped square, keuerede and hillede alle a-boute wytlu^ rawe hides, or 
 wythe feltes and heyres, for drede of brynnyng. This gynne hath wythe in hym a grete 
 heme meuabely hangede wythe ropes, the whiche heme may wythe draughte of men 
 wythe-in be drawe bacward, and let fle wythe his owenepais forewarde to the walle, and 
 so astonye and shake the walle. Tiiis gynne is cleped he snaile, for righte as ho snaile 
 hath his hous oner hym where he walkethe orrestethe, and oute of his hous he shetethc 
 his hede whan he wolle, and drawethe hym inne a-yene, so doth this gynne." B. iv. c. 
 xiv. Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. f. K)."). 
 
 > See hereafter skware, bkw, and sewyn.
 
 68 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Quere plura vocabnla haben- 
 
 cia in prima sillahd htinc so- 
 
 num C, in S litterd, ubi E 
 
 sequitiir immediate S. 
 Chace of tenys pley, or o))yr 
 
 lyke. Sistencia, obstaculum, 
 
 obicuhim {fifga, P-) 
 Cacchyn' a-way (chas away, p.) 
 
 Ftigo, agito, abigo, effugo. 
 CHACYXGEa-wey. Fugacio, abac- 
 
 tio, effiigacio. 
 CiiAFFE. Palea. 
 Chaff ARE.^ Mercimonium, mer- 
 
 catum, coimnercium. 
 Chaffaryx'. Negocior, mercor, 
 Chafferyxge. Mercacio, mer- 
 
 catns, negociacio, negocium, 
 Chaffexette, to take byrdys. 
 
 Reciaculum, comm. 
 Caffynche, byrde (chafFynche, 
 
 K.) Ftivfurio, c. f. 
 CnAYYii%ov\niiyi\.Calefacio,frico. 
 
 (Chafyn, or rubbyn, k. h. p. 
 
 Frico, confrico.^ 
 CuAFY'XGE. Confricacio. 
 CiiAFOWRE, panne (to make hot 
 
 handys, h.) Scutra, cath. 
 Chafowre, to make whote a 
 
 thynge as watur. Calefacto- 
 
 rium. 
 Chayere (chay3er, h.) Cathe' 
 
 dra. 
 Chalaunge, or cleyme (chalenge, 
 
 p.)^ Vendicacio. 
 Ciialengyn', or cle}-myn'. Ven- 
 
 dico. 
 C II AL exgyn', or vndyrtakyn'.^/?^- 
 
 prehendo, deprehendo. 
 Cii AL axgy'Nge, or vndurnemynge. 
 
 Tmproperinm, vituperium, 
 Chalys. Calix. 
 CiiAi^KTi, supra ?'ncALKE(cals, k.) 
 Ciialux (orclialone, k. ii.) bedde 
 
 clothe. ^ TJiorale, chalo. 
 
 ' Chaffare or merchandise is a word derived by Lye from the Alamanuic chauphen, 
 emere. See Junius. Gautier de Bibelesworth says, 
 
 " La lyure (a pound) sert en marchainidi/e, (chaffare) 
 
 Mais le lyure (he bok) nous aprent cleryt/." Arund. MS. 220. 
 
 It occurs not unfrequently in Chaucer and Gower. In 1441 a complaint was made by 
 the King's tenants of the forest of Knaresborough, that the Archbishop of York pre- 
 vented their coming to Ripon, " so that none might utter their caffer, wherewith to pay 
 his (the King's) farme att tearmes accustomed." Plumpton Corrcsp. p. liv. " Chaffre, 
 ware.'' palsg. 
 
 - " Caleiif/e, dispute, contradiction, cotitcstatum." roquef. " Chalenge or cleyme." 
 PALSG. In the \\ icliffite version, Jerem. vii. 6' is rendered, " If ye maken not fals 
 caleng to a conielyng, and to a faderless chikl, and to a widewe." 
 
 •* The distinction is here clearly made between the two significations of the verb to 
 challenge. Thus also Cotgrave explains " Chalanyer, to claime, challenge, make title 
 unto : also to accuse of, charge with an offence." Robert of (iloucester, Brunne, and 
 Chaucer use the word in tlie former sense. " To chalange, vntdicare, caliniipniari. A 
 chalange, calumpnia.^' ca'ih. angi.. " Culanger, accuser, disputrr, detnander, elrcen 
 coutjuerance.^^ rouukk. " The tribune dredde list the iewis wolde take him bi the 
 wale and sic him, and aftirward he myght be chalengid as he hadde take money." 
 Wicliffite vi-rsion, Dcdis, c. 2.'i. 
 
 ■• Chalo or chalnnus is exjilaincd by Ducange to be "pars supelleclilis Iccti, straguli 
 species." In the Mon. Angl. li. 7-0, chaluns are thus mentioned, " ant pannos pictos, 
 fjui locantii.r chaluns, loco lectistcniii." T!ie word occurs in Chaucer, Reves Talc.
 
 FROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 69 
 
 (CiiAMELL, best, K,p. Camelus.) 
 (Champyox, or campyoii, k. p. 
 
 Campio, atleta, pug'd.) 
 (CiiAMLOT, clothe, p.) 
 Chanelle (or canell, p.) of a 
 
 strete. Canalis, aquagiinn, c. f. 
 Chanone. Chanonicus. 
 Chape of a schethe (sheede, k. 
 
 schede, n.y Spirnla. 
 Chapell. Cupella. 
 Chapeleyne. Cajiellanus. 
 Capelet (chapelet, k, h.) Ca- 
 
 pellus. 
 (Chapyttyl, k. chapytle, h. cha- 
 
 petyll, p.^ Capitulum.) 
 
 Chapman.^ JVegociator, merca- 
 tor. 
 
 ClIAPMANHODE. Merciltus, UG. 
 
 Charcole (or charkole, p.) Carbo. 
 CiiAKE.^ Curriis, (juadrigd, pe- 
 
 torica, c. f. piletituin, c. F. bel- 
 
 gigci, COMM. (y-eda, p.) 
 Charge. Cura, onus. 
 Ch ARGYD wythe byrdenys, or o]jyr 
 
 lyke. Onnstus, oneratus. 
 Charyawnt. Onerosus. 
 Chargyx wythe byrdenys, or o])yr 
 
 ]?\Tigys. Onero. 
 Chargyn', or gretely sett a thynge 
 
 to herte. Penso. 
 
 " And in his owen chambre hem made a bedde 
 With shetes and with clialons faire yspredde." 
 
 Tyrwhitt thinks they were probably so called from having been made at Chalons. 
 
 chalone, amphifapetmn." cath. angl. 
 
 In an Inventory taken at the Hospital of St. 
 " /?i Vhoro, Unum frontale de Chalonns." 
 
 Edmund, Gateshead, 1325, there occurs, 
 Wills and Invent. Surtees Society, i. 22. 
 
 1 " Chape of a knyfe, vomellus.^' cath. angl. " Chape of a shethe, bouteroUe de 
 gayne. To chape a sword or dagger." palsg. The word is derived from the French 
 chappe, which Cotgrave explains to be " the locket of a scabbard,'' but Skinner more 
 correctly " vagiiKe nmcroferreus.'''' The chape of a sword was a badge assumed by the 
 De la Warr family, in memorial of the part taken by Sir Roger de la "SVarr, at Poitiers, 
 I35G, in the capture of John King of France, when he took possession of the royal 
 sword. 
 
 2 " A chapitrye, capitulum." cath. angl. 
 
 3 " A chapman, 7tegociator, et cetera uhi a merchande. A chapmanry, negociacio. A 
 chapman ware, vendibilis. To chappe, mercari, nundinari, negociari." cath. angl. 
 " Chapman, marchant, challant.'^ palsg. Ang. S. ceapman, mercator. 
 
 ^ The term chare seems to have been the earliest appellation in England, of vehicles 
 used to convey persons of distinction. It has been derived from the Anglo-Saxon 
 cyran, vert ere, but probably we derived both the vehicle and its appellation from France, 
 where, as early as 1294, the use of the char had become so prevalent that it was for- 
 bidden to the wives of citizens by an ordinance of Philipjie le Bel. A description of 
 the rich chare prepared for the Princess of Hungary, will be found in the Squyr of low 
 degree, Ellis's Specimens, vol. i. ; and is beautifully illustrated by an illumination ia 
 the Louterell Psalter, executed in the reign of Edward II. See Mr. Rokewode's valu- 
 able paper in the Vetusta Mon. vol. vi. i)late xx. A variety of representations are 
 also given by Mr. Markland, with his remarks on the early use of carriages in England, 
 Archseol. xx. 443. The ai)i)ellation chare continued in use in the Kith century. 
 Horman says, " the quyene came in a chare, pilento. He came in a chare or a wagen.'* 
 It occurs in Hall and Fabyan ; and in Strype's Memoirs, Edward VI. lo57, is men- 
 tioned a " chair drawn by six chariot horses.''
 
 70 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Chargyn', rekkyn' or yeve tale 
 ( reeky n or jeuyn tale, ii. rechen, 
 or gyue tale, p.) Curo. 
 
 Charyett, supra in chare.' 
 
 Charyetter. Aurigarius, qua- 
 drigarius, cath. redarius. 
 
 Charyn a-way, supra in cac- 
 chyn'.' 
 
 Charyn, or geynecopyn' (a3en- 
 stondyn, K.) Sisto, cath. 
 ohsto. 
 
 Charyowre, vesselle.^ Cati- 
 niim. 
 
 Charyte. Caritas. 
 
 Charkyn', as a carte, or barow, 
 or ojjyr thynge lyke.^ Arguo, 
 UG. alii dicunt stridere. 
 
 Char let, dyschemete.^ Pepo, 
 
 KYLW. 
 
 Charlys, propyr name. Carolus. 
 Charme. Incantacio. 
 Charmyd. Incantatus. 
 Charmyd, or bygylyd, or for- 
 spekyn. Fascinatus, cath. 
 
 or 
 
 for- 
 
 Charmyn'. Tncanto. 
 Charmyn', begylyn', 
 
 spekyn'. Fascino. 
 Charmynge, idem ^-moc? charme. 
 CHARNEL,or chernel. Carnarium. 
 Chartere. Carta. 
 Chaaste. Castus. 
 Chastyzed. Castigatus. 
 Chastyzyn'. Castigo. 
 Chastysynge. Castigacio. 
 Chastysowre. Castigator. 
 Chastysowre ))at beryth an 
 
 instrument of chastysynge, to 
 
 make pees. Castifer. 
 Chastyte. Castitas, pudicicia. 
 Chateryn'. Garrio. 
 Chavylbone, or cbawlbone 
 
 (chaule bone, p.)^ Mandihula. 
 Chawmbyr, or chambyr. Ca- 
 mera, thalamus. 
 Chawmbyrleyne. Camerarius, 
 
 cuhicularius. 
 Chawnce, or happe. Fventus, 
 
 casus. 
 
 * " Basterna, est theca manualis vel iiineris, a carre, or a chareot, or horslytter." 
 CRT. voc. In the Catholicon 5fl«^er«a is explained to be '^ veAiculus itineris, quasi 
 vesterna, quia moUibus vestibus sternitur, et a duobus animalibus trahitur, ubi nobiles 
 femine deferuntur.'^ " Charryet, chariot, branlant.'^ falsg. 
 
 - "To chare, ubi to chase." cath. angl. A. Sax. cerran, vertere. 
 
 •* " Paropsis, discus, sive vas ex omni parte habens latera equalia, a platter, or a 
 dobler, or a charger. Lanx, laius discus, a ch&rger." ort. voc. "Charger, a great 
 ])\atter, unff (/rant plat." palsg. " One swanne is ynoughe to fyll a charger. This 
 fysshe fylleth a charger, namozanum applet.'^ horm. 
 
 ■» Gower uses this word to express the creaking of a door, Conf. Am. lib. iv. 
 
 " There is no dore, wliich maie charcke." 
 
 Compare ohyrkyn, sibilo, cherkyn, or chorkyii, or fracchyn as newe cartys or 
 plowys, strideo. Ang. Sax. cearcian, stridere. 
 
 •' In the Forme of Cury, p. 27, will be found directions for making " charlet, and 
 charlet yforced." It appears to have been a kind of omelet, sometimes compounded 
 with minced pork. Pegge derives the term from the French cAajr. Pepo is explained, 
 however, in the Ortus, as " herba quedam, i. melo, or mortrews, et est similis ciicur- 
 tjite." 
 
 " " A chafte, a chawylle, a chekebone, maxilla, mala, faux, mandubila, mandula, 
 mola." CATH. angi.. " Chawe bone, machonere.^^ i>ai.s«. In the Latin-English 
 Vocabulary, iiarl. MS. 1002, f. 140, occurs the word " brancus, a gole, or a chawle."
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 71 
 
 Chauncel. Cancellus, cath. 
 Chaunceler. Cancellarius. 
 CHAUNCEMELE(chavnccmely, K.)i 
 
 Subtelaris, c. f. cath. 
 Chauncepe, or schoynge home 
 
 (chaucepe, p.)- ParcopoUex, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Chauncerye. Cancellaria. 
 Chawndelere.3 Cerarius,CA.'Y\i. 
 Chawngyx'. Muto, permuto. 
 Chawngyn', or roryn', supra in 
 
 barteryn', et infra in roryn'. 
 Chawngyxge. Mutacio, per- 
 
 mutacio, commutacio. 
 Chawngynge, or yeuynge (ro- 
 
 ryng, k. h. roringe, p.) oone 
 
 thinge for a-nothere.^ Cambium, 
 Dice. 
 
 Chawniore of money (chaungere, 
 p.) Camhitor, camsor (camp- 
 sor, p.) trapezeta. Dice. 
 
 Chawnterye. Cantaria. 
 
 Chawntynge.^ Discantus, can- 
 tus organicus. 
 
 Ciiavvnton'. Discanto, organiso. 
 
 Chawntowre. Cantor. 
 
 Cawepys, or chavepys, or stran- 
 gury, sekenesse. Stranguria. 
 
 Chep, or hap (chefe, p.) For- 
 tuna, eventiis. 
 
 Chefe, or princypale. Precipuus. 
 
 Chek. Scactifactio , scaccatus. 
 
 ^ " Subtelaris, vnder the liele." ort. voc. A similar explanation is given in the 
 Catholicon, with this addition, " Sot ular autem vel sotularis nihil aliud est, ut dicit 
 Magister Bene, sed aliqui contrarium dicunt.'' 
 
 • The Catholicon gives the following explanation, " Parcopollex, i. tramelhim," which 
 is properly a thimble : chauncepe appears to be a corniption of the French chaxissepied. 
 
 3 Of the office of the chandeler in the household of a great lord, see the curious 
 poem appended to the Boke of Curtasye, written about the time of Henrv VI, Sloane 
 MS. 1986, f. 46, b. 
 
 " Now speke I wylle a lytuUe whyle 
 Of the chandeler wyth-outen gyle, 
 That torches and tortes and preketes con make, 
 Perchours, smale condel, I vndertake." 
 
 Chandler signified not only the maker of candles, but the candlestick, from the French 
 ctiandelier. Thus in the Legenda Aurea mention occurs of a " chaundeler or candyl- 
 stycke," f. vii. b. See above candelere, and the word chandler in Jamieson. 
 
 * See hereafter rooryn or chaungyn on chaffare for another, cambio. 
 
 •'• It has been stated that the usage of chanting in the English churches was intro- 
 duced by Osmund, Bishop of Sarum, 1090; but we learn from Bede that Benedict, 
 Abbot of Weremouth, brought Abbot John, the arch-chanter, from Rome to this 
 country, about A.D. 678, at which j)eriod Archbishop Theodoric, a Greek by birth, 
 made a visitation of tlie whole island, and caused instruction to be given in the art 
 " sonos cantandi in ecctesin,^' until then known only in Kent. Bede states even that at 
 an earlier period in the same century Paulinas left at York James the Deacon, who was 
 '^ cantandi in ecclesid peritissimus,'' and who "magister ecclesiasiice cantionis jiuta 
 morern Romanorum, sen Cantuarioriim inultis cffpit e.ristere." Bede, lib. ii. 40. See 
 also lib. iv. 3, and v. 20, and the appendix, edit, by Smith, p. 719. The most impor- 
 tant treatises on the subject of Church Music are those of St. Nicetus in the Vlth cen- 
 tury, and Aurelian in the IXth, subsequent to the great change introduced by St. 
 Gregory. A curious notice of the ancient system of notation has been given among 
 the "Instructions du Comite Historiqtte. Collection de documents int^dits." 18.^9. 
 Chanting or " deschaunt " was among the practices violently opposed by Wickliffe, as 
 was all Church-melody by the innovators of a later period.
 
 72 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Cheke. MajciUa,fans,gena, main. 
 Chekebone, supra in chavylbone. 
 CiiEKEXVD, or qwerkenyd (chowk- 
 
 ed 01* querkened, p.) Suffbca- 
 
 tus, strangulatus. 
 Ciiekenynge (chowkinge, p.) or 
 
 qwerkenynge. Stiffocacio. 
 Ciiekyn', or qwerchyn' (querken, 
 
 p.) Suffoco. 
 Chekkyn' (checken, p.) Scacti- 
 
 Jico, KYLW. 
 
 Chekkynge (checkj nge, p.) Scac- 
 
 catus, supra. 
 CiiEKYR. Scaccarium. 
 Chekrye, as clo))ys and ojjyr 
 
 thynge (chekered, p.) Scacca- 
 
 riatus. 
 Chekyr, tabulle. Scaccarium, 
 
 stipadium, cath. 
 Chelynge, fysche.' 
 CnEYXE(chene, p.) Cathena,hoia. 
 Cheynyn', or put yn cheynys. 
 
 Catheno. 
 
 Cheep (chep or pryse, k. cliepe, 
 
 p.) Precium. 
 Chepyn'.^ Licitor, UG. in liceo, 
 
 prepalmito. 
 Chepynge, or barganynge. Li- 
 
 citacio, stipulacio. 
 Cheeue. Vultus. 
 Chery, or chery frute. Cerasutn. 
 Cheristone. Petrilla, cerpeta 
 
 {ceripetra, p.) 
 Ciierytre. Cerasus. 
 Ciieryn', or make good chere. 
 
 Hillaro, cvhiUaro, letijico. 
 Cherelle, or charle (churle or 
 
 carle, p.) Rusticus, rustica- 
 
 nus. 
 Cherlyciie or charlysche (chur- 
 
 lisshe, p.) Riisticalis, 
 (Cherlichly, k. cherlyschely, h. 
 
 churlisshly, p. Rusiicaliter.) 
 CiiERLYCHE, or charlyche preste 
 
 (churlisshe prest, p.)* ^go, 
 
 CATH. vel eco, c. f. 
 
 ^ " A kelynge, moms, piscis est.'^ cath. angl. " Morus, quidam piscis, a hadok, a 
 kelynge, or a codlynge." ort. voc. At the inthronization feast of Abp. Nevill, 14G4, 
 there was served " Kelyng, codlyng, and hadocke boyled." Leland Coll. vi. 6. Ac- 
 cording to Hay, the keeling is the same as the cod-fish. 
 
 2 " To chepe, Harare. Che-pe, precium.'" oath. angl. In Caxton's Boke for Tra- 
 vellers a servant who is sent to market is thus directed, " So chepe for us of the ve- 
 nyson, si nous hargaiijney Palsgrave gives the verb " To bargen, chepe, bye and 
 sell, marchander. Go cheape a cappe for me, and I wyll come anone and bye it." 
 Ang. Sax. ceapian, negotiari. The following use of the substantive occurs in the Will 
 of .Sir John Lumley, 1420, " 1 wille hat my brothre William haue he landes and rentys 
 bettir chepe \>en any othir man, by a reasonable some.'' Wills published by the Surtees 
 Society, i. 63. Caxton in the Boke for Travellers says, " he byeth in tyme and at hour, 
 so that he hath not of the dere chepe, du chier marchiet .'''' 
 
 3 " Ut dicit I'apias, Eyones sunt sacerdotes rusdci." cath. In the Glossary of St. 
 Isidore of Seville, who lived in the Vllth century, occur " Econes, sacerdotes riistici. 
 Eyones, sacerdotes rusticorum.'''' The compiler of the Promptorium was a Friar- 
 Preacher, and the insertion of this word may possibly be attributed to the contentious 
 feeling which subsisted between the monastic orders and the secular clergy. Tlie illi- 
 terate condition, however, of the rural or " uplandish " clergy brought them generally 
 into contem])t, and occasioned their receiving the nick-name *' Sir John," and other 
 apj)ellationH of invidious obloquy.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUNf. 
 
 73 
 
 Chersydde (cheryschyd, h. 
 
 cherisshed, p.) Fotus, nutritus. 
 Chersyn'.' Foveo. 
 Chersynge (cherschyng, ii. che- 
 
 risshinge, p.) Focio, nutricio. 
 Chervell, herbe. Cerifolmm, 
 
 apium risns. 
 Cherwyn', or tetyn' (chervyn or 
 
 fretj'n, h. cheruen or freten, p.) 
 
 Torqueo, cath. 
 Chervynge, or fretynge in J)e 
 
 wombe. Torcio, c. F. 
 Chese. Caseus. 
 Chesse.^ Scaccarium. 
 CHESTiSOLi.E.^Fapaver,tadia,c.F. 
 Chesekake. Ortacius, ortoca- 
 
 turia, UG. in tigro (cirtocaseus, 
 
 artocira, p.) 
 Chesefatte. Casearium^fiscina. 
 Chesyn'. Eligo. 
 Chesyn', or cullyn' owte. Elicio. 
 
 Chesynge, or choyse. Electlo. 
 Chesypylle (chesible, p.)' Ca- 
 
 sula. 
 Castany, fruto or tre, idem. 
 
 (chesteyne, p.) Castanea. 
 Cheste. Cista. 
 Cues UN, or cawse (chesen, p.)' 
 
 Causa (^occasio, p.) 
 Chete for the lorde. Caducum, 
 
 c. F. conjiscarimn, Jisca. 
 Chetyn'. ConJiscor,Jisco, UG. 
 Chetynge. Conjiscacio. 
 Ciietowre. Confiscatory cadu- 
 
 carius, cath. 
 Cheuerelle, leddare (cheueler 
 
 lether, p.)*^ 
 Cheuetun, or ledar, or capteyn' 
 
 (chefteyne, p.) Capecerius, 
 
 capitaneus, stratiles, c. f. 
 Chevyn', or thryvyn'J Vigeo. 
 Chew mete. Mastico. 
 
 1 "To cherische or dawnte, blanditractare.'^ cath. ang. 
 
 2 See above chekyr. 
 
 3 Papiever, MS. " A chesse bolle, papaver, cinolus." cath. ang. The Promp- 
 torium gives also chybolle, cinoUus. " Pajyaver est herha somnifera, anglice a che- 
 bole." ORT. voc. " Cheese ho-m\s,flores papaveris hort. ashniUtudine aliqud vasculorum 
 caseaceorum sic dicti.^' skinner. See the words Chasbol and Chesbow in Jamieson. 
 
 •• " A chesabylle, casula, infula, planeta." cath. ang. " Casula, a chesuble." 
 ORTUS. At the Reformation there was still preserved at Canterbury among the vest- 
 ments supposed to have been sent by St. Gregory to Augustine AD. GOl, "casula 
 oloserica purpurei colons awed texturd, et lapidibus superius a parte posteriori oniala.^' 
 Bade, App. p. 691. 
 
 6 The Latin-English Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. gives in relation to suits 
 at law, ^' Cansa, occasio, pretejrtus, cheson.^' See hereafter enchesone, or cause. 
 ^' Acheison, encheison, occasion heiirertse, plainte, querelle.'" ROauEF. In low Latia 
 " acheso, occasio, lis contra jus intentata." duc. 
 
 *• In Sloan. MS. 7.5, f. 211, will be found directions " for to make cheuerel lether of 
 perchemyne," by means of a solution of alum mixed with yolks of eggs and flour ; and 
 also " to mak of whit cheuerel, reed cheuerell," the colour being given by a compound 
 of brazil. " Cheuerell lether, c//et'ero/J«." palsg. 
 
 ' The verb to cheve is used by R. Gloucester and R. Brunne, and likewise in Piers 
 Ploughman, 
 
 " The poore is but feble. 
 And if he chide or chatrc, 
 Hym cheveth the worse." Vision, line 9375. 
 
 CAiMU. ,S()C.
 
 74 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Chevvynge of metys or o]jer 
 ]jynngys. Mastkacio. 
 
 Chew the cood, of bestys (as 
 bestis done whan the rest, p.) 
 JRumino. 
 
 CiiEVESAUXCE.' Providencia. 
 
 Chevystyn', or purveyn' (chevy- 
 schen, h. cheuesshen, p.)'' Pro- 
 video. 
 
 CHYBOLi,E,herbe.Cwo^/M*, KYLW. 
 
 Chekyn'. PuUus. 
 
 Ch(ek)yn' wede, herbe (cheken- 
 wede, p.)^ Hospia, vel hospia 
 major, et minor dicitur oculus 
 Christi, morsris gaUine (Jiispia, 
 
 Chydar. Intentor (^contentor, 
 
 p.) litigator. 
 Chydyn', or flytyn'.* Contendo, 
 
 CATH. litigo. 
 Chydynge. Contendo., Jitigacio. 
 Chykkyx, as corne, orspyryn, or 
 
 sp(r)owtyn.''^jPM/<7o {pupnlo, p.) 
 Chykkyn', as hennys byrdys 
 
 (chycke, as henne byrdes, p.) 
 
 Pipio, pululo. 
 (Chickyng, or spyryng of corne, 
 
 K. sprowtinge of corne, p. Ger- 
 
 minacio, pululatus, pululacio.) 
 Chykkynge, or wyppynge of 
 
 yonge byrdys (chickyng or jip- 
 
 pyng of bryddys, K. H. yepphige, 
 
 P.) Pupulutus, KYLW. jmpu- 
 
 lacio. 
 Chylander, or chylawndur.* 
 
 Chi/ndrus (^chillindrus, K. p.) 
 Chylde. Puer, infans. 
 Chylde, whyle hytcan not speke. 
 
 Proles, soboles. 
 Chylde bedde, or women whan 
 
 )-ey haue chyldryn' (childyng 
 
 or bringyng forthe of childryn, 
 
 K. H.)" Decubie, c. f. puer- 
 
 perium. 
 Chyldehodde. Infancia, pue- 
 
 ricia. 
 Chyyldyn', or bryngyn' furthe 
 
 chylde.® Pario. 
 
 Roquefort gives " Chevir, agir, posseder, jotiir, en has lat. cheviare." " To cheve, 
 brynge to an ende, anc/iieuer.^' palsg. 
 
 ' This word is used by Piers Ploughman, Chaucer, and Gower. " Schift, cheue- 
 saunce, cheuesance.'^ palsg. 
 
 2 In tlie Legenda Aurea, f. 64, b. it is related of Becket, " and the nexte nyglit after 
 he departed in thabyte of a brother of Sympryngham, and so cheuyssed y' he wente 
 ouer see." Fat)yan states that Ilufus said of the Earl of Poytiers, " 1 woU assaye to 
 haue hys Rrldom in morgage, for welle I knowe be must cbeuycbe for money to per- 
 fourme tliat journey " (to Jerusalem). 
 
 3 " Cliekynwede, herbe, movron." palsg. In Norfolk the ahine media according 
 to Forby is called Chickensmeat. Ang. Sax. cicena mete, alsine. klfric. 
 
 * See hereafter flvtin, or chydin. The Cath. Ang. gives "To cbyde, litigare, 
 certare, fit cetera ubi to flyte." 
 
 '' To chick signifies still in Norfolk and Suflfolk to germinate, as seeds in the earth or 
 leaves from the hud. forhy. 
 
 ® L'hiliiidrtis, in French chilandre, palsg. was a name of Greek derivation, applied 
 to some venomous kind of water-serpent. 
 
 " The Etiglisli gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth explains " gysine, childiiig." " There 
 was a woman witli chylde grete vpon her delyueraunce, and at y' tyme of chyldynge she 
 myght not be dejyuercd." Leg. Aurea. " Partus, jmerperium, chyldyng." Vocab. 
 Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. 
 
 * " To childe, parturire, eniti,fetare, parere. Femina vult parere, sed non wit ilia
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUAl. 
 
 75 
 
 Chyldynge, or woman wythe 
 
 chylde.' Pregnans. 
 Chyldys belle. Bulla, brit. 
 
 c. F. nola. 
 CH\LDYSCAPPE.Calamaciiim,VG. 
 Chylle, herbe. Cilium vel psil- 
 
 lium. 
 Chyllyn', or (foi-, p.) colde. 
 
 Frigucio. 
 Chyllynge of tethe or oJ)er 
 
 lyke. Frigidor, cath. 
 Ch(y)mme belle (chyme, h. p.) 
 
 Cimbalum. 
 CHYMYN',or chenken' wythe bellys 
 
 (cljTike bell, p.) Tintillo. 
 (Chymer, k. h. p. Abella, K. 
 
 obella, H. p.) 
 Chymerynge, or chyuerynge, or 
 
 dyderynge. Frigutus. 
 CiiYMNEY. Fumariuin. cath. ca- 
 
 minus, epicaustorium. 
 Chyn'. Mentum. 
 
 CiiYNCHYN, or sparyn' mekylle 
 
 (chinking-e or to mekyl sparyn, 
 
 H.) Perparco, cath. 
 C H YNCH YR,or chynchare(chynche, 
 
 H. p.)- Perparcus, cath. 
 Chyncery (chmchcrye, p.) or 
 
 scar(s)nesse. Parcimonia. 
 Chyne, of bestys bakke. Spina. 
 Chyngyl, or chyngle, bordys for 
 
 helyngys of howsys (shingill, 
 
 howsehillinge, p )^ Sindula. 
 Chyppe. Quisquilie, ug. cath. 
 
 assula, UG. c. f. astula. 
 Chyppynge of ledyr, or clothe, or 
 
 other lyke. Succidia, ug. in 
 
 cedo, presigmen, c. f. 
 Chyrche. Ecclesia (basilica, p.) 
 Chyrchejarde (churcheyerde, 
 
 p.) ' Cimitorium Q)oIiandrum,p.y 
 Chyrcheholy.* Encomia, in 
 
 plur. 
 C hyrchyn, or puryfyen'. Pm>'J/?co. 
 
 parere.^' cath. ang. The Wicliffite version renders Levit. xii. 2, "If a womaa 
 childil> a knaue child, sche schal be vncleene hi vii daies." Cott. MS. Claud. E. ii. 
 
 1 Ang. Sax. cildiung-wif, a child-bearing woman. 
 
 ^ " A chinche, tenajc, (Sj'c. ubi cowatus. Chinchery, tenacitas, ^'c. ubi cowatyse." 
 CATH. ANG. " Tenax, a toughe balder, or chinche." med. Chaucer says in the Tale 
 of Melibeus, " men blamen an avaricious man, because of his scarcitee and chincherie." 
 
 " Bothe he was scars and chinche." Sevyn Sages, 1244. 
 
 R. Wimbeldon said in his Sermon at Paul's Cross, A.D. Li89, " forsoth wete ye, 
 that euerych auouterer, or vncleane man, that is gloton, other chynch, shal neuer haue 
 heritage in the realme of Christ and of God." Fox, Acts and Mon. The word is occa- 
 sionally written chiche, as by Chaucer, Rom. of R. In French, " chice, mes'juin ; 
 chichete, avarice, viletiie." roquef. 
 
 8 Shingles of wood, a covering both light and durable, were probably still, at the 
 time the Promptorium was compiled, in very general use for rooting houses, although 
 the regulations for the dimension of the various kinds of tiles are a proof of their 
 being likewise employed to a considerable extent. See Stat. 17 Edw. IV. c. 4. A.D, 
 1477. The term seems derived from the French eschandole, or Latin srindula, and is 
 occasionally written shindies. See Holland's Pliny, B. xvi. c. 10. Piers Ploughmaa 
 terms Noah's ark a " shynglcde shup,'' an expression that seems to bear some analogy 
 to the Ang. Sax. scide-weall, miiritti tie scimhdis congestns. klfric. See schvngyl. 
 
 ^ In the Seuyn Sages, line 2fa''2.T, the chirehe-hawe is spoken of, Ang. Snx. haj;>i, ayellus, 
 or hej;e, septum. In Cath. Ang. it is termed " akyrke-garthe." Ang. Sax. jeard. i:epe3. 
 
 * " Enieiiia dicuniiir nova/esta, vel dedicationes ecclesiamm." ortus. Ang. Sax. 
 cyric-halgung, church hallowing.
 
 76 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Chyrkyn'.^ Sibilo. 
 Cherkyn', or chorkyn', or frac- 
 
 chyn', as newe cartys or plowys.'^ 
 
 Strideo. 
 Chyrkynge. Sibilatus. 
 CHYRNE,vesselle. Cimhia, cumhia. 
 Chyrne botyr. Cumo. 
 Chyrnynge.^ Cumbiacio. 
 C(n)YRPYNGE, or claterynge of 
 
 byrdys (chirkinge or chateringe, 
 
 p.)' Garritus. 
 Chysel, instrument. Celtis. 
 
 grauel.5 
 
 Acerua 
 
 Chysel, or 
 
 {arena, p.) sabulum. 
 (Chyst, supra in chest, p.) 
 Chyteryn' as byrdys, supra in 
 
 CHATERYNGE. 
 
 C h Y T Y R L Y N G K.^ jScrufellum, scru- 
 
 tum, KYLW. 
 
 Chyualry, or knyghtehoode. Mi- 
 
 licia. 
 Chyveryn', supra in chyllyn'. 
 (Chyueryng, or qwakyng for 
 
 coXAyStipra in chyraeryng, h.p.)' 
 
 1 " And kisseth hire swete, aud chirketh as a sparwe with his lippes." Sompnoures 
 Tale. " To chyrke, make a noyse as myse do in a house." palsg. 
 
 2 See ahove charkyn, as a carte. Ang. Sax. cearcian, stridere. Chaucer uses the 
 term to express generally a disagreeable sound. 
 
 " All full of chirking was that sory place." Knightes Tale. 
 
 3 ChYRRYNGE, MS. 
 
 4 Thomas, in his Italian Gramm. 1548, gives " Buffa, the dispisyng blaste of the 
 mouthe that we call shir|)ing." 
 
 * The Latin-English Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. gives " arewa, gravvell, 
 sabulum, sande, glaria, chesylle, " f. 37, and again, f. 56. " nomina lapidum, 
 glaria, chesylle." The etymology of the name Chesil Bank, in Dorsetshire, a 
 singular bank of pebbles, which extends nearly seven miles S.E. from Abbots- 
 bury, and abuts at C'hesilton on the isle of Portland, is here clearly ascertained. See 
 prefixed to llolinshed's Chron. the description of the Chesill, by Harrison, Descr. of 
 Erit. J). hH. Harrison speaks also of the Chesill at Seaton in Devonshire, where he 
 says " the mouth of the Axe is closed by a mighlie bar of pibble stones,'' p. 59, and 
 copies the account given by Leland, Itin. iii. f. 42, "the men of Seton began of late 
 day to stake and make a mayne wauUe withyn the Haven — and ther to have trenchid 
 thorough the chisille, and to have let out the Ax, and receyvid in the mayn se. But 
 this purpose cam not to effect. Me thought that nature most wrought to trench the 
 chisil hard to Seton Town, and ther to let in the se." In this instance the term chisel 
 seems to accord with the explanation given in the Medulla, " Glarea, aryilla, vel 
 primuin lajjitlps rjuos aqua fluviatilis irahit." llarl. MS. '2'Jr)7. It implies, however, in 
 a more general sense the pebbles on the sliore ; thus in the Coventry Mysteries, p. 56, 
 is the following paraphrase of Genes, xxii. 17. 
 
 " As sond in the see dothe ebbe and flowe, 
 Hath cheselys many unnumerable." 
 
 In the WiclifF.te version this passage is rendered " gravel which is in he brink of J>e 
 see." Aug. Sax. ceosel, glarea, sabuhim. Teut. kesel. In Norfolk chizzly signifies 
 dry and harsh under the teeth, whicti Forby derives from Teut. kiesele, gluma. The 
 Latin-Englisli Vorabuhuy, Harl. i\lS. 1002, f. 147, gives among " perlinencia pistrine, 
 Cantabrurn, ouglict: cliycelle." 
 
 ^ " Chiterlynge, hilla." cath. ang. " Cliyterling, endoile." pai.sg. Horman 
 says, " let us have trypis, chetterlyngis, and tryllybubbys ynough, svjipedita aulicoctia 
 ad na/ietatem.'^ Skinner derives the word from Teut. kutteln, inlestina. 
 
 7 Chaucer writes in the Blake Knyght, " I chiver for defaut of hete,'' and Gower
 
 PKOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 77 
 
 Choyse. Electio. 
 Chosun. Electiis. 
 Chowen, supra in chewen. 
 Chowynge (or chewynge, p.) 
 
 Mastlcacio. 
 Choffe, or chiifFo, charle, or 
 
 chutt (chufFe, cherl or chatte, ii. 
 
 cliel, or chaffe, supra in carle, 
 
 p.)' Rusticus, supra. 
 Chorlysche, or carlysche. Riis- 
 
 ticanus, rusticacio, 
 Cybbe, or kjTi, or lye (akyn, h. 
 
 of kyn, p,)^ Affinis. 
 Cybrede. Banna, in plur. c. f. 
 Cyyd, as clothys J)at be thredbare 
 
 (cyd, ii.y Talaris. 
 Cyyde ofamann, or beste. Latus. 
 Cyftyn'. Cribro. 
 Cyftynge. Cribracio. 
 Cythe. Quere in S literd. 
 Cyynge downe, or swownynge 
 
 (cygliinge or swonynge downe, 
 
 p.) Sincojiacio. 
 Cykylle. Fassilla, vel fassicula 
 
 (Jet Icilla, falcicula, fa Ix, p.) 
 
 Cykyr, fro harme. Securus, 
 
 tuftis. 
 Cykyr or (of, p.) sothefastenesse. 
 
 Certiis. 
 Cykyrly. Tute. 
 Cykyrnesse. Secnritas. 
 Cyllable. Sillaba. 
 Cylke. Sericum {serica, p.) 
 Cylke worme. Bombex, c. f. 
 Cylke woman. Bevacuatrix 
 
 (aurisceca, P.) 
 Cylte, soonde. Ghnea, c. f. 
 Cyluer. Argentum. 
 Cyllowre (cylere, p.)' Gla- 
 
 tura (^celatura, p.) 
 Cyluerde (cyluryd, h. cylered, 
 
 p.) Celutus. 
 
 (CiLUERYN, K. H. P. Avgento.') 
 
 Cymnel, brede.'' Artocopus. 
 Cympylle. Simplex. 
 Cympylxesse. Simplicitas. 
 Cym, propyr name (Cymund, h.p.) 
 
 Simon. 
 Chynchoxe, herbe (cynchone, 
 
 H. P.7 Ceneceon, camadroos.^ 
 
 uses the verb to chever. " Chyueryng as one dothe for colde in an axes, or otherwise, 
 frillenx.''' palsg. 
 
 ' Chuffy, as Forby observes, does not in Norfolk now signify clownish, but merely fat 
 and fleshy, particularly in the cheeks. French, jo(/^«. Palsgrave gives " chuffe, iof/Jfe," 
 which is ex])lained by Cotgrave as " a swollen or swelling cheek ; BouffS, putfed, blown." 
 
 '•^ See hereafter sybbe and sybrede. 
 
 ^ See hereafter syyd, as clothys. Talaris. This term, which is retained in Norfolk, 
 implies commonly merely the length of a garment, " syde as a gowne, defliixus." cath. 
 ANG. from Ang. Sax. sid, anijiltcs, latt(s. The reason of its special application here to 
 clothes that are threadbare is not apparent, unless it were, that garments in such con- 
 dition, losing the swelling folds that new stuffs would form, and hanging close to the 
 sides, give the figure a lengthy and lean appearance. 
 
 ■• See hereafter syy'nge downe. 
 
 * See CEELYN with syllure, and hereafter sy'lure of valle, and selyn. Cotgrave 
 gives " Draperie, a flourishing with leaves and flowers in wood or stone, used especially 
 on the heads of pillers, and tearmed by our workmen drapery or rilery." 
 
 '"' See BREDE twyss bakyn as krakenelle, or symnel, and hereafter symnel. 
 
 7 In a curious MS. herbal of the XVth century, in the possession of Hugh Diamond, 
 Esq. the virtues of this plant are detailed. " Grondeswyle, we clepen in latin seneceoii," 
 p. Gl. It was used as a plaster for " bolnyngs " and sores, " hit wole staunce )'e hoote 
 fotagre, and alle inauere greues of he leggys." By most leeches it was thought dau-
 
 78 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Cyndvr of jje smythys fyre. 
 
 Casuma, c. f. cochiron, Ric. 
 Cyne of (or, p.) a tokyn'. Signum. 
 Cynamum. Cijnamomum. 
 Cynamum, tre. Sinamus, vel 
 
 sinamomicus, cath. 
 Cynne, Peccatum, piaculum, 
 
 crimen. 
 Cyxfulle. Criminosus, peccosus. 
 Cynfully. Criminose. 
 Cynnyn'. Pecco. 
 Cynnynge. Peccamen. 
 Cyngyn'. Cano, canto, psallo. 
 Cyngynge, or (of, p.) songe. 
 
 Cantus. 
 Cyngynge of masse (messys, p.) 
 
 CeJebracio. 
 (Cynke of a lawere, p.' Mei'gulus.) 
 Cynkyn'. Mergo, submergo. 
 Cynkynge. Dimersio, suhmercio. 
 Cynter or masunrv (cyyut of 
 
 masonrye, p.) Cintorium. 
 Cynew, or cenu, of armys, or 
 
 leggys (cynows, p.) Nervus. 
 Cyppyn', or drynkyn'lytylle. Bi- 
 
 bito, subbibo, cath. 
 Cyppynge, of drynke. Subbibi- 
 
 tiira, CATii. in bibo. 
 Cypresse, tre. Cipressus. 
 
 Cyrcumsycyon'. Circumsicio. 
 Cyyr (eyre, or syr, p.) Dominus, 
 
 erus. 
 Cysmatyke. Cismaticus, cis- 
 
 matica. 
 Cysowre. Forpex. 
 Cystyr, by ]je faderys syde 
 
 oonly. Soror, cath. 
 Cystyr, by J>e modurys syde. 
 
 Germana. 
 (Cyte, p.) Civitas, urbs. 
 Cytezeyne (cytesyn, p.) Cives 
 
 (jirbanita^ P.) 
 Cytyr, tre.^ Citrus. 
 Cyttyn'. Sedeo. 
 Cyttynge. Sessio, sedile. 
 (Cyttinge place, or cete, p. Sedile, 
 
 sedes.) 
 Cyve, (or eifte, p.) for come 
 
 clansynge. Cribrum, cribellum. 
 Cyve, for mele. Furfuraculum, 
 
 c. F. 
 Cyuedys, of mele, or brynne (cy- 
 
 uedus, w.) Furfur, cantabi^um, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 C YVER, or maker of sevys (cyvyer, 
 H. maker of cyues, p.) Cri- 
 brarius. 
 
 Cyvys, herbe (cyues, p.) 
 
 gerous to use it internally, although so recommended by Pliny; however, "his erbe 
 algreene, if it be dipped in vy negre, and so y ete — wole abate J>e fretyng of J>e wombe ;" 
 and the touch of the root was accounted a specific for the tooth ache. 
 
 ' The drain of a lavatory seems to be here alluded to, such as that with which the 
 lavacrum or piscina on the south side of the altar was invariably supplied, which 
 allowed the water that had served for washing the sacred vessels, and for the ablutions 
 during the service of the altar, to sink into the earth : or generally in reference to such 
 provisions for cleanliness as are to be observed in most monastic establishments, as 
 especially the lavatories in the cloisters at Chester and Worcester Cathedrals. Mer- 
 ffulus, however, usually signifies the sink of a lamp, wherein the wick was placed. 
 
 '^ The citron was probably introduced into Europe with the orange by the Arab con- 
 querors of Spain, and first received in England from that country. By a MS. in the 
 Tower it appears that in 1SJ90, 18 Edw. I. a large Spanish sliip came to Portsmouth, 
 and that from her cargo Queen Eleanor purchased Seville figs, dates, pomegranates, 15 
 citrons, and 7 poma de orenge. Sec the introduction to the valuable volume on House- 
 hold Expenses in England, prcdented to the Roxburghe Club, by B. Botfield, Esq. p. xlviii.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 79 
 
 Cyvn' of a tre. Surculus, vitu- 
 lamen, cath. 
 
 Cyyd, (cyued, p.) or cythyd and 
 clensyd, as mylke, or o))er 
 lyke (licoure, p.)' Cola t us. 
 
 Cvftyn' (cyuyn, p.) or clensyn'. 
 
 Colo, CATH. 
 
 Cythynge (cyynge, h. cyuynge, 
 
 p.) or clensynge. Colatura. 
 Quere plura vocabula similem 
 
 sonum istis habencia in 8 
 
 literd, ubi I vel Y sequitur hanc 
 
 literam S immediate. 
 Cladde, or clothydde. Vestitus, 
 
 indutus. 
 Clam', or cleymows (gleymous, 
 
 K. H. p.)^ Glutinonus, vis- 
 
 cosus. 
 Clameryn' (or crepyn, p.)Repto. 
 Clamerynge, 01 clymynge. jRep- 
 
 cio, repfura (^reptacio, k.) 
 Clappe, or grete dynne (dynt, p.)' 
 
 StrepituSyfrangor. 
 
 Clapparre (clat, h. j. clappe, p.) 
 
 Percussorium. 
 Clappe, or clakke of a mylle 
 
 (clat, H. clatte, p.) Taratan- 
 
 tara, UG. in fardo, cath. ba- 
 
 tillus. Dice. c. F. 
 (CLAPYRof abell, K. H. p. Ba- 
 
 tillus, c. F. Dice.) 
 Clappyn', or knokkyii'. Pnlso. 
 Clappyn' hondys to-gedyr for iov, 
 
 or for sorowe. Complodo, c. f. 
 (Clappynge, H. p. Percussio.) 
 Clappynge, or clynkynge of a 
 
 belle. Tlntillacio. 
 Claret of a tunne (cleret, p.) 
 
 Ductilium. 
 Claret, or cleret, as wyne. Se- 
 
 miclarus. 
 Claret, wyne (clarey, K. clarry, 
 
 p.)' Claret um. 
 Claryfyyn'. Clarijico. 
 Claryn' wythe a claryone (clary- 
 
 yn, K. p.) Clango. 
 
 1 " Colum, a mylke syhe, or a clansynge syfe." med. See hereafter syynge, or 
 clensynge. 
 
 '^ " Clammy, as breed is not through baken, pasteru:.^'' palsg. See hereafter gi.ey- 
 Mows or lymows. In Norfolk meat over-kept is said to have got a clam ; and to clam 
 signifies to stick together by viscid matter, forby. Ang. Sax. clam, iufum, claemian, 
 linera. 
 
 3 " They that serche the ende of a mannys lyfe by nygrymanciars be payed at a 
 clappe, clade invo/vutitur." horm. 
 
 * The French term clai-e seems simply to have denoted a clear transparent wine, but 
 in its most usual sense a compounded drink of wine with honey and spices, so delicious 
 as to be comparable to the nectar of the Gods. 
 
 " For of the Goddes the vsage is, 
 That who so him forsweareth amis, 
 
 Shall that yeere drinke no clarre." Chaucer, Rom. of Rose. 
 In the original Romance pigment, clari, and rin paree are named together, and in the 
 Merchant's Tale Januaric is said to indulge in consoling spiced drinks, " Ipocras, 
 clareie and vernage.'' Barth. Anglicus gives a description of the mode of compounding 
 claret, lib. 19, de propriet. rerum, c. ."iG ; and recipes '' ad faciendum claretuni" occur 
 in Sloan. MSS. 1986', f. 14, b. and 3r)48, f. 105. The following directions are found 
 in Sloan. MS. 2.584, f. 173. "To make Clarre. Take a galoun of honi, and skome it 
 wel, and loke whanne it is i soden )'at her be a galoun ; hanne take viii galouns of red 
 wyn, l>an take a pounde of pouder canel, and half a pounde of pouder gynger, and a 
 quarter of a pounde of pouder peper, and medle alle )>ese J'ynges to geder, and he wyn ;
 
 80 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Clarine, trumpett (claryon 
 
 trumpe, P.)* Lituus, sistrum, 
 
 c. F. 
 Claryowre, or clarenere (clario- 
 
 nei-e, K. h. p.) Liticen, beUicrepa. 
 Claw, or cle of a beste. Ungida. 
 Clawyn', or cracchyn' (scratche, 
 
 v.^ ScaIpo,scratOygrado,CATU. 
 Clawynge. Scalpifacio. 
 Clawse, or poynte (or clos, p.) 
 
 Clausula (jclausa, p.) 
 Clavsure, or clos (clawser, p.)^ 
 
 Clausura. 
 Cley. Argilla, gUs. 
 CLEYSTAFFE(cleykestafFe,K.H.P.)^ 
 
 Camhusca (cambuca, c. F. 
 
 H. p.) 
 Cleyme, or chalaunge. Vendi- 
 
 cacio, clameum. 
 
 Cleymare. Vendicator. 
 Cleymyn, supra in ch alengyn'. 
 Cleymynge, supra in cleyme. 
 Cleypytte. Argillarium, c. f. 
 Clenchydde (clenched, p.) Re- 
 
 tusus, repansus, cath. 
 Clenchyn'. Retundo, repando, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Clenchyn' a-5en' (inwraw speche, 
 K.) or chaueryn' 3-3611', for prowde 
 herte.'' Obgarrio, cath. 
 
 Clenchynge. /?6^«nc»o,repan«o. 
 
 Clene.^ ^fundus, puriis. 
 
 Clennesse. Mundicia, puritas. 
 
 C LENS YD, as lycoure (or tryid, 
 K. syyd, H. fyed, p.) supra in 
 
 CYEDD. 
 
 Clensyd, or made cleene. Mun- 
 datus (jpurijicatus, p.) 
 
 and do hym in a clene barelle, and stoppe it fast, and roUe it wel ofte si^es, as men 
 don verious, iii dayes." Palsgrave gives " Clarry wyne, clere.'^ In Norfolk at the pre- 
 sent time any kind of foreign red wine is called claret. 
 
 ' " Clarine, c/ero«.'' palsg. Horman says that "a trumpette is streyght, but a 
 clarion is wounde in and out with an hope." This instrument received its name from 
 its shrill sounds : it was called in low Latin clario, and Knyghton mentions " clarriones 
 et tuba-,'' as sounding the onset at Cressy, and speaks of them also in his account of 
 the siege of Paris, by Edward III. A.D. 13G0. 
 
 2 The verb to scratch, derived by Junius from the Danish, kj-atse, or the Flemish, 
 kratsen, was formerly written cracche : see hereafter cracchyn. Chaucer speaks of 
 " cratchingeof chekes," and Piers Ploughman says, 
 
 " Al the clergie under Crist 
 
 Ne myghte me cracche fro helle. 
 
 But oonliche love and leautee." Vision, G86G. 
 
 3 This term is derived from the Latin, or more directly, perhaps, from the French, 
 " closier, petit clos fenn6 de fiaies." iiouuef. Horman says, "these byrdis muste be 
 kepte in with a rayle, or a closer latis wyse, clathro," See closere of bokys or oher 
 lyke. 
 
 4 Camhuca is rendered in the Medulla Grammatice, " a buschoppys cros, oracrokid 
 staf." See hereafter croce of a byschope. The term cley-staffe seems to be taken 
 from the similarity of the head of the pastoral staff, in its simjilest form, resembling the 
 ancient lituus, to the claw of an animal, which here, as by Gower, is written cle. " Cley 
 of a beste, ungula.^' catu. ang. Li Norfolk the pronunciation cleyes is still retained. 
 
 ■'' Chaueryn may be here the same as charyn, or gcynecopyn, which occurs pre- 
 viously. 
 
 " Clean formerly signified, not merely external, but also intrinsic purity. " He gave 
 a senser, and a shyp of clcnc syluer, aryento puro.^' iiorm.
 
 PROMPTOniUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 81 
 
 Clensyn', or make clene. Mundo, 
 
 puri/ico (^purgo, depuro, K. p.) 
 Clensyn', supra in cyftyn'. 
 
 {Colo, p.) 
 Clensynge, or powregynge (pur- 
 
 chinge, p.) Purificacio. 
 (Clensynge, or cyyinge, h. cif- 
 
 tinge, p. Colatura.) 
 Clenzon', or declenson' (clensen, 
 
 p.) Declinacio. 
 Clepyn', (or callyn, k.)' Voco. 
 Clepyn' be name. Nuncupor, 
 
 nuncupo. 
 Clepyn' a-jene (ageyne, p.) Re- 
 
 voco. 
 Clepyn' yn to a place. Invoco. 
 Clepyn owte. Evoco. 
 Clepyn' to-gedyr. Convoco. 
 Clepe to mete. Invito. 
 Clepynge, or callynge. Vocacio. 
 Cleppyn', or clynchyn'(clippyn or 
 
 clynkyn, p.) Tinnio, UG. 
 (Clepyng, k. cleppynge, or clyn- 
 
 gyiige of a bell, h. clinkinge, p. 
 
 Tintillacio.) 
 Clere, as wedur ys, bryghte (or 
 
 brygth, k.) Clarus, serenus. 
 Clere, as watur, or ojjer licour. 
 
 Limpidus, perspicuus. 
 Clere of wytt, and vndyrstond- 
 
 y(n)ge. Perspicax, c. f. 
 
 Clergy, or cumpany, or (of, p.) 
 
 clerkys.'^ Clerus, clericatus, 
 
 clerhnonia. 
 (Clerge, or conyng of ofFyce of 
 
 clerkys, k. clergie, or office of 
 
 clerkes, ii. clergie of office, p.* 
 
 Clericatus.^ 
 (Clergyse, k. p. Clerimonia.) 
 Cleryn', or wex (clere or, p.) 
 
 bryghte, as wedur. Sereno, cla- 
 
 reo. 
 Cleryn' fro drestys. Desicco 
 
 {dejico, K. p. CATH.) 
 
 Cleryn', or make clere a thynge 
 
 })at ys vnknowe (was vnknowen, 
 
 p.) Clarifico, manifesto. 
 Clerke. Clericus. 
 Clerke of cowntys (a cownt, p.) 
 
 Competista. 
 Clerkely. Clericaliter. 
 Clerely. Clare (jperspicue, p.) 
 Clerenesse. Claritas, perspi- 
 
 cacitas. 
 Clerenesse of wedyr. Sere' 
 
 nitas. 
 Clyte, or clote, or vegge (clete 
 
 or wegge, k.) Cuneus, c. F. 
 Clyffe, or an hylle (clefe of an 
 
 hyll, p.) Declivum. 
 Clyff, clyft, or ryfte.' Sisstira, 
 
 rima. 
 
 1 The verb to clepe is commonly used by Robert of Gloucester, Chaucer, Gower, and 
 other ancient writers ; but as early as the commencement of the XVIth century it ap- 
 pears to have become obsolete, for Palsgrave gives " I clepe or call, je huysche. This 
 terme is farre Northern." Ang. S. cleopian, clamare. Forby gives the word as still 
 in use in Norfolk, 
 
 2 " A clerge, clerus, clerimonia." cath. ang. 
 
 3 The word clergy, signifying erudition suitable to the office, in the sense given to 
 the word in the King's Coll. MS. of the Prouiptorium, is thus used also in Piers Plough- 
 man's Vision, 
 
 *' I asked hir the liigh way where that clergie dwelt." 
 See the word clargie, in Jamieson. " Cleryie, science, litlerature, savoir." roquef. 
 
 4 Clift occurs in the gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth, to denote what is termed the 
 fork of the human figure, in the following passage, Arund. MS. :2'J0. 
 
 CAMD. SOC. M
 
 82 
 
 PROIvrPTORlUM PAUVULORUM. 
 
 Clykett.' Cliiorium, clavicula, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Clymare. Scansor. 
 Clymyn'. Scando. 
 Clymynge. Scansio. 
 Clyxgyx', or styrkyn' (shrynke, 
 
 p.) Rigeo, C. F. CATH. 
 
 Clynyn', or declynyn'. DecUno, 
 
 CATH. (vario, p.) 
 (Clyne, or bowe downe, p. 
 
 Declino, inclino.^ 
 Clynkyn, svpra in clyppyn' 
 
 (clynkyn, sxtpra w chymyn, k.) 
 Clynkyxge of a bell, stipra in 
 
 clappynge (chiigkjaige, k.) 
 Clyppare. Tonsor, tonsatrix. 
 Clyppyn'. Tondeo. 
 
 Clyppynge.^ Tonsura. 
 Clyppyce of J)e sonne or money 
 
 (clypse, K. p.)3 EcUpsis. 
 C L Y V Yx' or parte a-sundyr, a(s) men 
 
 doone woode. Findo (scindo, p.) 
 Clyuyxge, or departynge (cleu- 
 
 jTige, p.) Scinsura (fissura, p.) 
 (Clyue, or ryue by the selfe, p.* 
 
 Rimo, risco.) 
 (Cliuyn to, K. cleve to, p. Ad- 
 
 hereo.^ 
 Clyuynge to, or fastenynge to a 
 
 )5ynge (cleujTige, p.) Adhesio. 
 Clokerre, or belfray supva (clo- 
 
 cherre or belief rey, K. clocher, 
 
 p. clocke hous, w."" Ccnnpanile, 
 
 K. classicum, p.) 
 
 " Quisses (l^ejes) 7iaffes (bottokes) one la fourcheure (l>e clift) 
 Fount graunt eyse ptir chiuauchure (vor ridinge). " 
 
 Clough, a deep fissure or ravine, is a name still retained at Lynn, at a spot described 
 by Forby. Ang. Sax. c\onf^\\,fis,stn'a ad montis clivum. See also cleucli and cleugh in 
 Jamieson, and Brockett's Northern words. 
 
 ' " A clekett, c/atus." cath. ang. " Clyket of a dore, clicquef/e.^' palsg. The 
 French term cliquet, in low Latin dlquetus, seems properly to have signified a latch, 
 " pensidus versatilis, Gall, loquei." duo. Thus the gloss on Gautier de Bibeleswortli 
 renders it. 
 
 " Par cliket et cerure, (lacche and lok) 
 
 Ert la mesonn le phis sure." Arund. MS. 220, f. 302, b. 
 Chaucer, however, uses the word in the sense that is here given to it, " clavicula, a 
 lytel keye." ortus. Thus in the Merchant's Tale, 
 
 " he wold suffre no wight here the key, 
 
 Sauf he himself, for of the smal wiket 
 He bare alway of silver a cliket." 
 - "A clippynge, tonsura. A clippynge howse, tonsorium.'" cath. ang. In Norfolk 
 to clij) signifies now to shear sheep, and tlie great annual meeting at Holkham was 
 oomnionly termed the Holkham clip or clipping, forby. 
 
 3 " he clippys of j>e soiie and nioyne, eclypsis. To make cli])pys, eclipticare." cath. 
 ANG. Chaucer, comparing the course of love to that of the moon, says that it is like 
 the planet, 
 
 " Now bright, now clipsy of manere. 
 And wliilom dimme and whilom clerc.'' 
 
 "i The verbs from clyui:, to cowryn, are oniittid in tiie Harleian MS. and are here 
 given chiefly from the MS. at King's College, Cambridge, and Pynson's edition. 
 
 * Tliis term is derived from tlie French clocher, or the low Jjatin clocherinm. It 
 occurs in the accounts of the Chamberlain of Norwich, among charges for the celebra-
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 83 
 
 Clodde.' Gleha. 
 
 (Cloddyn, or hrekyn cloddes, k. 
 
 Occo.^ 
 Clogge. Truncics. 
 Cloystyr. Claustrum. 
 (Clokkyn as heniiys, K.clocke, p. 
 
 Cvispio,fflgu lo.) 
 Clokkynge of hciinys. Crisjii- 
 
 atus, c. F. in crispat. 
 Clokke, Horisoniumjiorologium, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Clooke (cloke, p.) Armilaiisa, 
 
 (^collobiiim, p.) 
 Cloos, or boundys of a place 
 
 (clos, p.) Cejjtum, ambitus. 
 Cloos, lybrary. Archyvum, c. f. 
 Clogs, ar j-erde (or, p.) Chiusura. 
 (Closyn, or schettyn, k. shette, p. 
 
 Claudo.') 
 (Closyn streytly, k. Detrudo.) 
 (Closyn abowtyn, k. aboute, p, 
 
 Vallo.) 
 
 (Closyn in, k. Includo.) 
 (Closyn oute, or schettyn owt, 
 
 K. E.vchido.) 
 Closett, Cfatisella, clausicula. 
 (Closed. Clausus, p.) 
 Closyd, clausyd, or closyd yn'.* 
 
 Inchi.sii.s-. 
 Closyd owte. Exclusus, seclusus. 
 Clospe. Offendix, Jirmacidum, 
 
 signaciclum, catii. 
 Closere (closure, p.) of bokys, 
 
 or ojjer lyke.' Clausura, con- 
 
 pertorium. 
 Clote, herbe. Lappa hardana, 
 
 c. F. lappa rotunda (glis, p.) 
 (Cloteryn, as blode, or other 
 
 lyke, K. cloderyn, p. Coagulo.) 
 Clothe. Pannus. 
 Clothe woudon' (wouyn, k. n. p.) 
 
 with dyviers colours. Stroma, vel 
 
 pannus stromaticus, cath. 
 Clovvchyn', or clowe (clowchun, 
 
 tion of the exequies of Henry VIII. A.D. 1547, where a payment appears " to the 
 Clarks of Cryste Cliurche, for ryngyng the cloclier bells." Blomf. Hist, ii 155. 
 
 ' " A clotte, cfispb;, occnrium. To clotte, occare. A clottynge malle, occatoiiurn." 
 CATH. ANG. " Occo, glehds frangere, to clotte.'' ortus. In the Medulla, Harl. 
 MS. 2257, occur '■'■ ylebarius, a clotte mailer. Gleba est durus cexpe.s cum herbd, an 
 harJe klotte.'' Palsgrave gives the verb to clodde as signifying the formation, and not the 
 breaking up of clods. "To clodde, go in -to heapes, or in to peces, as theyerthe dothe, 
 amonceler. This j'erthe clotteth so faste that it must be broken. To clodile, figer^ 
 furlier, congelcr.'^ Compare ci.oteryn. 
 
 - A note, copied by Hearne from a copy of the Promptorium, states that the com- 
 piler of the work was '^fraler Ricardus Fraiinces, inter quatnor parietcs pro C/irnto 
 jHc/«.vM6'." See Hearne's Glossary to Langtoft's Chron. under the word Nesshe. If, 
 liowever, it had been true that he had belonged to the order of Anchorites, who 
 were called inclusi, or recliisi, it seems probable that some indication of the fact would 
 have here occurred. The dwelling of the Anchorite, domus inclu.\-i, or clunoHum, ap- 
 pears to have often immediately adjoined the church, and is doubtless in many instances 
 still to be distinguished. The ritual for his benediction will be found in Martene, 
 Antiq. Rit. lib. iii. c. 3. Palsgrave tjives the vcri) " to close up in a wall, or bytwenc 
 walks, emmurer. Cannest thou fynde in thy herte to be an Auker, to be closed up in 
 a wall .' " See hereafter recluse. 
 
 3 Compare clausuke, or clos. Jamieson gives closeris, enclosures, and closerris, 
 which he conjt;ctures may signify clasps. In Norfolk Forby observes that the cover of 
 a book is called dodger, whirh he supposes to be derived from the French, clotier, as 
 the term codger is corrupted from co.\-icr, a cebler.
 
 84 
 
 PROMPTOUIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 H. clewe, p.) Glomus, globus, 
 
 Dice. glomicUlus, UG. in garma. 
 Clowde of ))e skye (clowde, or 
 
 skye, K. H.)i Nuhes, nubecula. 
 Clowdy, or fulle of clowdjs 
 
 (sk\ys, K.) Nubidus. 
 Clowe of garlykke (cloue of gar- 
 
 lek, or other lyke, p.) Costula. 
 Clowe, spyce. Gariofolus. 
 Clowys, water schedyiige (clowse, 
 
 watyrkepyng, k. clowze, ii. 
 
 clowse, water shettinge, p.)^ 
 
 Sinogloatorium. 
 Clowte of clothe (cloute or 
 
 ragge.) Scrutum, panniculus, 
 
 pannucia. 
 Clowte of a schoo.' Pictasium, UG. 
 (Clowtyn, k. Sarcio, catii. re- 
 
 broceo, repecio.) 
 (Clout disshes, pottes, pannes, p. 
 
 Crtisco.J 
 Clowter, or cobelere. Savtorius, 
 
 reb)-occator (^pictaciarius, p.) 
 Clowter of clothys. Sartorius, 
 
 sartor', sartru-. 
 Clowtyd, as clothys. Sartus, 
 
 repeciatus- 
 Clowtyd, as shoone, or ojjcr 
 
 thyngys of ledyr. Pictaciatus, 
 
 rebroccatus. 
 Clowtynge of clothys. Sartura. 
 Clowtynge, or coblpige. He' 
 
 broccacio. 
 (Clowtynge of shone, k. Pic- 
 
 tacio.) 
 (Clothyn, k. Vestio, induo.') 
 (Clojjid, *Mjt)r« in cladde, k. h.) 
 Clothynge, dede. Induicio. 
 Clotiiynge, or garment. Indu- 
 mentum, vestimentum. 
 Clubbyd staife (clubbe, staffe, 
 
 H. p.) Fust is, CAT n. 
 Clubbyd, or boystows. Rudis. 
 Clewe, supra in clowchynge.'' 
 Clustyr of grapys (closter, p.) 
 
 Botrus, racemus, UG. 
 Coo, byrde, or schowhe.* Mone- 
 
 dula, nodula. 
 Cobler, supra in clowtere. 
 CoBYLLSTONE, or cherystonc. Pe- 
 
 trilla (^ceripetra, lapis cerasi- 
 
 nus, ceramus, p.) 
 
 COCATRYSE. BasilisCUS, COCO' 
 
 drillus. 
 CocuR, boote (cokyr bote, h. p.**) 
 Ocrea, coturnus, kylw. c. f. 
 
 ^ Compare hereafter skye, nubes. The word skye is thus used both by Chaucer and 
 Gower, to signify a cloud. Ang. Sax. skua, ximbra, fsu. G. sky, nubes. 
 
 - Clawys, MS, " A clowe of flode3ate, */Hy/oc(7(vrtMw, ynrgustium .'" cath. ang. 
 The term clowys appears to be taken from the French ecluse. See the word clouse, 
 in Jainieson. 
 
 3 " A clowte of yrne, crvsta, crusta ferrea, et cetera ubi plate." cath. ang. In 
 Norfolk the terms cleat and clout signify an iron plate with which a shoe is strengthened. 
 FORBY. Ang. Sax. cleot, c\ut, pittaciitm, lamina. Palsgrave gives the verb "to cloute, 
 carreler, rateceller. I had nede go cloute my shoes, they be broken at the heles." 
 
 •• " To wynde clowys, (jlomerare.'" cath. ang. A. Sax. cleow, glomus. 
 
 * The chough or jackdaw, called in the Eastern coimties a caddow. See before 
 cadaw, or keo, or chowghe, and hereafter koo, bryd, or schowghe. " Monedula, coo." 
 Vocab. Harl. MS. 1.087. " A \ia, monedula." cath. ang. " iVbrfw/w*, a kaa." ort. 
 voc. Ang. Sax. ceo, comix. 
 
 •"' TIh! coarse half-boot used by rustics was called a cocur, and the term cocker is 
 still used in the North of England, but properly signifies gaiters or leggings, and even
 
 rnOMPTORIUM PAIIVULORUM. 
 
 85 
 
 -7C CoKERYNGE, oi* grete chers- 
 chy(n)ge (ouer greate cherys- 
 shiuge, 1'.) Focio, nutricio, 
 carefocus {carifotus, p.) 
 (CoKERYN, p. Carifoveo.y 
 
 (COKYRMETE, K. H." Ccnum, 
 lutum, CATH.) 
 
 Co DDE, of frute, or pesecodde. 
 Siliqua. 
 
 CoDDE, of mannys pryuyte (preuy 
 membris, p.) Plga, mentula 
 {testicuJiis, fiscus, p.) 
 
 CuDDE, of bestys chewynge (cod 
 of bestys, or chewynge, p.) Ru- 
 men. 
 
 Code, sowters wex (coode, 11. p.)' 
 
 Coresina (cer'isina, P.) 
 CoDDYD CORNE (coddis, P.) Lu- 
 
 gumen. 
 CoDLYNGE, fysche. Morus, et 
 
 nota quod sic dicitur quia 
 
 morose nature fertur. 
 CoDULLE, fysche.' Sepia,VG.bel- 
 
 ligo (Jolligo, p.) UG. in lolium. 
 Cofyn'.s Cojjhynus, c. F. 
 CoFUR. Cista. 
 CoGGE of a mylle. Scariohcdlum, 
 
 (dicc. p.) 
 (CoGGYN a mylle, p. Scario- 
 
 ballo.) 
 
 coarse stockings without feet, used as gaiters. In a MS. of the Medulla in the Editor's 
 possession, CM//*one?<s is rendered " a carl stoghe," (in the Ortus "a chorles shoo,") 
 ■with this additional explanation, " vel a Cokyr, nt (licit Camjms Jiorum." Piers 
 Ploughman speaks of his " I'okeres,'' Vision, line 3915, and they may be seen in the 
 curious drawing in a MS. of the Poem in the Library Trin. Coll. Cant, an engraving 
 from which is given in Shaw's Dres>es. Elyot gives " Carpatince, ploughmen's bootes 
 made of vntanned lether, they maye be called cokers. Peronutus, he that weareth 
 rawe lether shoen, boteux, or cokars lyke a ploughman." Librarie, 1542. 
 
 1 Junius compares this word with the Dutch, kokerillen, celebrare hilaria, but Lye 
 is inclined to trace its etymology to the Welsh, cocr, indulgens. The use of the term 
 is fully illustrated by Palsgrave. "To coker, cherysshe to moche, miynotter. This 
 boye canne never thriue, he is cokered so moche. To coker, bring up with daynty 
 meates, affriander, affrioller. Coker hym up thus in his youthe, and you shall haue a 
 fayre caulfe of hym shortly." See below, cookerynge mete. 
 
 - This singular term was given most erroneously in the printed editions of the Promp- 
 torium ; Pynson printed it Ckyrmete, Julian Notary Chyimete, and W. de Worde Chy- 
 mette. It appears to relate to the kind of rustic boot called here a cocur, and cokyr ; 
 but the whimsical application of such a term to clay is wholly unaccountable. 
 
 3 Among numerous substances, resin, grease, and herbs, mentioned in the curious di- 
 rections for making a good " entreet," or plaster to heal wounds, occurs " Spaynisch 
 code." Sloan. MS. 100, f. 17. 
 
 * Elyot renders " Sepia, a fyshe called a cuttell. Loligo, a fyshe whiche hath his 
 head betwene his fcete and his bealy, and hath also two bones, oone lyke a knyfe, the 
 other lyke a penne." The Sepia officinalis, which is found commonly on the coasts of 
 Britain, is not properly a fish, but belongs to Cuvier's great division of Molluscous 
 animals, and the class of Ciphalopodes. Ang. Sax. cudele, sepia. See hereafter, coti'll. 
 
 5 The primary meaning of the word cofyn seems to have been, as in Latin and Frencii, 
 a basket, and is thus used in the Wicliffite version, which renders Matt. xiv. 20, " Thei 
 token the relifis of broken gobetis, twelve cofyns full." Elyot renders " Tibiii, a bas- 
 kctte or coffyn made of wyckers or bull rushes, or barke of a tree ; such oone was Moyses 
 put in to by the daughter of Pharao." Tbe term also implied a raised crust, as for a 
 pie, or a custard, and occurs in tiiis sense in Shakespeare. See also the Forme of Cury, 
 pp. 72, 83, 8'J. Palsgrave gives " Coffyn, grant l/oiste."
 
 86 
 
 PROKIPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 CoGBOOTE (cokbote, p.) Scafa. 
 Coy, or sobyr. Sobrius, modestus. 
 CovFE, supra in cappe.' Tena, 
 
 corocalhtm (carocallum, p.) 
 
 capicella, comm. kylw. 
 Coyly, or sobyrly. Modeste. 
 (CoYYN, K. p.' Bhoidior.) 
 CoYNGE, or st(y)iTiige to vverkyn' 
 
 (sterynge to done a werke, K. 
 
 styringe, p.) Instigacio. 
 CoYTER, or caster of a coyte. Pe- 
 
 freludus (^petriludarhis, K. p.) 
 CoYTE. Petreluda. 
 (CoYTYN, K. Petriludo.) 
 
 C'OKKEBYRDE. GulluS. 
 
 CooKE (coke, K. p.) mete dytare. 
 Cocus, CO <i u in ariits. 
 y CoKKROWYNGE, tymc (cokcrow, 
 tyme, k.) GaUiciniimi, gaUi- 
 cantus, UG. in castrio. 
 CoK BELLE. Nola, ccimjianella, 
 bulla, BRIT. 
 
 CoKNAY (cokeney, k.)^ Cari- 
 fotus, cucunellus, fotus, c. f. 
 delicius, et sunt nomina deri- 
 soriejicta, et inventa (Jauticius, 
 carenutus, coconellus, k. lu- 
 cimelhcs, p.) 
 
 CoKYR, botew, supra. Cocuriis. 
 
 CoKERELLE. Gallus {galUmellus, 
 gallulus, CATH. gal/inacius, p.) 
 
 COOKERYNGE METE."* Carificio. 
 
 CocLE, fysche (cokyll, p.) Cuclea. 
 CoKYLLE, wede.* Nige/la, lol- 
 
 Uum, zizannia, cath. {gitt, p.) 
 CoKOLDE. Nineriis. 
 CoKKYs combe. Cirrus. 
 College. Collegium. 
 CooLDE (colde, p.) Frigidus. 
 CooLDE, substantyfe. Frigus, 
 
 algor. 
 CooLDER, schuldere (coldyr, 
 
 K. II. p.) Pefi'osa, jietro. 
 Cole of fyre, brymiynge. Prima, 
 
 ' " A coyfe, pillhis, pUkolns, apejv, galenis. Versus, PiUitts est juvenum, pereyri- 
 numque yalenini.'''' cath. ang. See above, the note on cai'pk, or hure. 
 
 2 Chaucer uses the verb to " acoie," in the sense of making quiet ; in Spenser it sig- 
 nifies to caress, and also to daunt. Palsgrave gives " to coye, styll, or apayse, ac- 
 quoyser.^' The derivation is evidently from the French rjnot, quietus, now written coi. 
 
 3 " A coknay, arnbru, mammotroplnis, delic'nis. Versus, Delicius qui deliciis a 
 7naire nutritur." cath. ang. The term coknay ai)pcars in the Promptorium to imply 
 simply a chih) s])oiled by too much indulgence ; thus likewise in tlie Medulla, " Mam- 
 motrophus, qui iliu suyit. Mcmmotrupfius mammani lonyo qui tempore serr at, Kokenay 
 (licaiur, noster sic sermo notaiur." There can be little doubt that the word is to be 
 traced to the imaginary region " ihote Cokaygne,'' described in the curious poem 
 given by Ilickes, (iramm. A. Sax. p. 231, and aj)parently translated from the French. 
 Compare " le Fabliaus de Coquaiyne.'" Fabl. Barbazan et Mron. iv. 175. Palsgrave 
 gives the verb " To bring up lyke a cocknaye, miynotter ; " and Elyot renders " delicias 
 
 facere, to play the cockney." " Dodeliner, to bring vp wantonly, as a cockney." 
 Hollyband's Treasurie. See also Baret's Alvearie. Chaucer uses the word as a term 
 of contempt, and it occasionally signifies a little cook, coquinafor. See further in 
 Douce's Illustrations, King Lear; and Brand's Popular Antiquities, notes on Shrove 
 Tuesday. 
 
 4 This word occurs here as a substantive. See above, cokkryngk. 
 
 ■'^ " Cokylle, quedam aboriyo, zazaimia." cath. ang. It would seem that Chaucer 
 considered the term Lollard as derived from lollium. See hereafter, lollarde. 
 
 '' Colder in the dialect of Norfolk signifies " broken cars of corn mixed with frag- 
 ments of straw, beaten off by the flail ;" and in Suffolk the " light ears and eliaff left in 
 the caving sieve, after dressing corn, " arc termed colder, or cosh." See Forby, and
 
 FROMPTORIUM PAR VULORU^r. 
 
 87 
 
 Cole, qwenchyd. Carbo, catii. 
 CooLDE (cole, p.) or sum-what 
 
 colde. AJgidus, c. f. 
 (Cole, or sumwhat colde, k. p. 
 
 Algor.) 
 (CoLYN, or kelyn, K. F'rigefacio.) 
 CoLLERE. CoUare, collarium. 
 CoLLER of howndys. Millus, 
 
 CATH, i)i millo. 
 CoLLER of horsys. Epiphium. 
 CoLLER of a garment. Patugium, 
 
 CATH. UG. in pateo. 
 
 CoLLER, or lyue(rey) (of leuery, 
 K. of lyvery, h. p.)' Torques. 
 
 COLLERYDE. TovqUUtuS. 
 
 Colette, propyr name (Collet, 
 
 p.) Colecta. 
 CooLYD, of heete. Frigefactus. 
 Colyke, sekenesse. Collica pcis- 
 
 sio. 
 CoLYER, or colyfere (coly5er, it. 
 
 coler, p.) Carbonarius. 
 CooLYNGE. Frigefaccio, refri- 
 
 geracio, refrigerium. 
 
 Moore. Pe^ro signifies the clippings of stone. " Petrones sunt pardcule que abscin- 
 duntur cle petris.^'' cath. 
 
 ' The usage of distributing year by year a robe, or some external token of adherence 
 to the service or interests of the personage by whom such general retainer was granted, 
 appears to have commenced during the Xllltli century. The gift, whether a robe, a 
 hood, or other outward sign, was termed a livery, liberata, and the practice was carried to 
 so pernicious an extent, that various statutes passed in the reigns of Edward III. Ri- 
 chard II. and Henry IV. by which the use of liveries was restricted or regulated. Mr. 
 Reltz, in his curious article on the Collars of the King's Livery, Retrosp. Review, N. S. 
 ii. 500. states that the first instance on record of conferring such marks of distinction 
 in England is in 1390, when Richard II. distributed his cognisance of the white hart, 
 but the assertion copied from Anstis, that it was pendant from a collar of broom-cods, 
 does not appear to rest on any authority. This collar was, however, presented in 1393 
 to Richard II. and his three uncles by Charles VI. King of France, whose cognisance it 
 was. Such a "colore del livere du Roi de Fraunce'" is mentioned in the Inventories of 
 the Exchequer Treasury, vol. iii. 357. See Mr. J. G. Nichols's interesting observations 
 on the Effigies of Richard II. and his Queen, Archaeol. xxix. 46. The earliest notice 
 of collars of livery, that has been observed, occurs in Rot. Pari. iii. 31.3, where it ap- 
 pears that when John of Gaunt returned in 1389 from the wars in Spain and Gascony, 
 Richard took his uncle's " livere de coler " from his neck, and wore it himself; that it 
 ■was also worn by some of the King's retinue ; and that Richard declared in Parliament 
 that he wore it in token of affection, as likewise he wore the liveries of his other uncles. 
 It is not improbable that this livery of the Duke of Lancaster's was the collar of letters 
 of SS, subsequently adopted by Henry IV. as his livery, the origin of which is still 
 involved in obscurity. This device had been in use many years before his accession, 
 and as early as 137 H Sir John de Foxle, whose will is preserved in Bishop Wykeham's 
 Register at Winchester, bequeathed " Mouile auri, cnm S li/ei-d xculpld et innelild in 
 eodem.'^ The livery of Henry V. during the life-time of his father, was a swan, adopted 
 doubtless in token of his descent from the Bohun family ; the Stat. 2 Hen. IV. c. 21, 
 contains a clause " que Monseigneur le Prince purra doner sa honorable liveree del 
 eigne as neiynexirs et a ses meiynalx genlilx ; " and such were probably the " Colers 
 d'argent de la livere die Roy,'" whicli are enumerated in tlie Inventories of the effects of 
 Henry V. taken at his decease, 1423. Rot. Pari. iv. 214. Henry VI. used a collar 
 formed of broom-cods and the letter S alternately, and Edward IV. adojjted as his li- 
 very a collar of suns and roses, to which a white lion was appended. There is no evi- 
 dence that collars of livery were ever distributed by subjects, excepting the Princes of 
 the blood.
 
 88 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 (CoLYSSHE, disshemete, p.)' 
 CoLYTTE.'^ AccoUtus, cerofeva- 
 
 rius, CATH. 
 
 CoLMOSE, byrde.3 Alcedo. 
 CoLLOPPE. Frixatura, UG. in 
 
 frigo, asset, neccii. carbona- 
 
 ciu7ii, KYLW. carbonella, UG. 
 CoLOWRE. Color. 
 CoLORYD. Coloratiis. 
 (CoLORYNjK.colowren, p. Co/oro.) 
 CooLE RAKE (colrake, h. p.)* 
 
 Restellum, batillum, cath. c. f. 
 CoLTE (or fole, p.) yonge horse. 
 
 PuUus. 
 CoL\\'YJi(co\ov{ AQ,v.yCarbonatus. 
 CoLWYNGE (colowynge, p.) Car- 
 
 honizacio. 
 CoLUiMBYNE, herbe. Columbina. 
 CoLUMNE of a lefe (of a boke, p.) 
 
 Columiia. 
 Combe, for kemynge. Pecten. 
 
 Combe, or other lyke of byrdys, 
 
 supra in cokkys. 
 Combe, of curraynge, or horse 
 
 combe. Strigilis, c. F. 
 Combe, of hony. Favus. 
 (CoMAWNDYN, or byddyii, K. 
 
 Mando,juheo, impero, hortor.) 
 CoMMAWNDEMENT. Mandutum, 
 
 preceptum. 
 CoMMAWNDEMENT of a kynge. 
 
 Mundiburdium. c. f. {edictum, 
 
 CoyiMAw^BOVn. Preceptor, man- 
 dator. 
 
 (CoMBYNYN, or copulyn, K. 
 coplyn, p. Combino, copulo.^ 
 
 Comely, or semely in syghte. 
 Decens. 
 
 Comely, or semely, or well far- 
 ynge in schappe. EJegans. 
 
 Comelyd, for colde.^ Eviratus. 
 
 ' " A culice, morticium.^^ cath. ang. In the collection of Recipes, dated 1381, 
 printed with the Forme of Cury, will be found one " for to make a C'olys," which was 
 a sort of invigorating chicken broth. See p. 94, and Preface, p. xvii. where will be 
 found references for further information on the subject. The term is French. Cotgrave 
 gives " Coulis, a cullis or broth of boiled meat strained, fit for a sick body." See the 
 words collice in Junius, and cullis in Nares' Glossary. 
 
 - Of the minor orders in the Christian church, the fourth is that of acolyte, suc- 
 ceeded immediately by that of subdeacon, the first of the greater orders. The functions 
 of the acolyte, consisting chiefly in attendance on the services of the altar, will be found 
 detailed by Martene, or Ducange. By the writers of the XVIth century the orders of 
 " benet and colet '' are mentioned not infrequently together. See above benett, ordyr, 
 Exorcinta. " AccoUlits, neiviens in missd habens ordinem, a collect. j4cholitus Grece, 
 ceroferarius Latine, a colet.'' ortus. 
 
 3 " A collemase, alcedo.''' cath. ang. " Alcedo est quedam avis que ceteris avilua 
 sedulius alit pullos. .(4»^//ce, a seemewe." ortus. Ang. Sax. colmase, parw/a. 
 
 * " A colrake, Irulla, verriculum.^' cath. ang. Elyot gives "■ Rutabulum, a coole 
 rake to make cleane an oven." See Comenius, orbis sensualium, by Hoole, p. 113. 
 
 * "To colowe, make blacke with a cole, charhonner .'' palsg. Forby gives the verb 
 to collar, as used in Norfolk in the same sense. In other parts of England the expres- 
 sion to coUowe or colly is retained. Shakespeare in Mids. Night's Dream applies the 
 epithet " colly 'd " to the night. See Nares. 
 
 ^ See above the note on a-comklyd for coulde. Cumbled still signifies in Norfolk 
 cramped or stiffened with cold ; cumbly-cold denotes great severity of weather. See 
 Forby, and the word cumber, or benumbed with cold, in Jamieson. In the Wicliffite ver- 
 sion a-clumsid occurs iu the aame sense : " We herden \>^ fame l^erof, our hondis ben
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORU!\r. 
 
 89 
 
 COMELYDNESSE. EviraClO. 
 
 Com LYN ESSE, or seemelynesse. 
 
 Decencia, elegancia. 
 CoMELYNGE, new cuiii man or 
 
 woman.^ Adventicius, inquilinus. 
 (CoMENDYN, orgretyn, k. recora- 
 
 ende, p. Recommendo, com- 
 
 mendo.) 
 (CoMENDYN, or preysyn, K. Lau- 
 
 do, commendo.^ 
 
 COMERAWNCE. VeXUcio. 
 
 (CoMERous, p. Vexativus, vexu- 
 
 lentus.) 
 Comet sterre, or blasynge sterre. 
 
 Cometa, vel stella comata. 
 Comyn', seede. (Ciminum, p.) 
 CoMYNGE TOO. Adventus. 
 Comys, of malte (comys, p.)^ 
 
 JPauIulata, kylw. (^puhdata, 
 
 K. p.) 
 (CoMUNYX, or make comowne, k. 
 
 comon or make comon, p. Com- 
 
 mu?iico.) 
 (CoMOUNE, or talke with another 
 
 in cumpany, or felawshepe, ii. 
 
 comon, p. Communico.^ 
 CoMOVVNTE (comnavnte, k. coue- 
 
 naunte, p.)^ Communitas. 
 
 Comowne. Communis. 
 CoMOWNLY. Communiter. 
 Comowne, pepylle. Vulgus. 
 Comowne j^ynge, or comown 
 
 goode. Res puhlica. 
 Compere, falawe (compyrc, p.) 
 
 Compar, coequalis. 
 CoMPLAYNTE. Querimoiiia, 
 
 COMM. querela. 
 CoMPLEXiONE. Complexio. 
 CoMMUNYONE (the, P.) sacrament. 
 
 Communio. 
 (CoMPOSTYN, or dungyn, p. 
 
 Stevcoro.^ 
 CoNABLE, accordynge.* Compe- 
 
 tens. 
 CoNABLY, or competently.' Com^ 
 
 petenter. 
 CoNCEYTE. Conceptus. 
 (CoNCEYUYN, K. Concipio.) 
 CoNCEYUYNGE. Concepcio. 
 
 (CONIECTEN, p. MolUor.) 
 
 Consent, or grawnte. AssensT.is 
 
 (consetisus, p.) 
 (Concentyn, or grawntyn, K. 
 
 Consencio, assencio.) 
 Conscience. Consciencia. 
 Condycyone. Condklo. 
 
 a-clumsid, tribulacioun haj) take us," Jerem. vi. 24 ; and the expression " thou clom- 
 sest for cold " is found in the Vision of Piers Ploughman, line 9010. " Clumsyd, eri- 
 ratus. Cumbyrd, ubi clumsyd." cath. ang. In the curious translation of Vegecius, 
 Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. it is said that a fleet should not venture to sea after tlic au- 
 tumnal equinox, when " the see is looke and shit up, and men bethe combered and 
 clommed with colde." B. iv. c. 39. 
 
 1 In the Wicliffite version the following passages occur : "A comelynge which 
 is a pilgrim at 50U." Levit. xviii. 2(j ; " Most dere I biseche you as comelingis and 
 pilgryms." 1 Pet. ii. 11. The following expression occurs in Trevisa's translation of 
 Higden's Polychronicon, in reference to the use of the French language in Britain ; 
 " the langage of Nonnandie is a comlynge of another lande, " in the original " adveii' 
 titia." '^ ^ccida, ^nfflice a comlynge.'' oktus. '^Accola, advena, a comelinge." 
 MED. GRAMM. " A cunilynge, advena." cath. ang. Ang. Sax. cumling, advena. 
 
 • " Cummynge as malte, t/erminaiun.'' cath. ang. 
 
 3 '^ \ commontye, vulgus, popiilus, geim, pleOs.'^ cath. ang. 
 
 * Jamieson derives the word from the Latin conabilis, what may be attempted with 
 prospect of success. 
 
 CAMD. SOC. N
 
 90 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 (CoxYN, or hauyn conynge, K.^ 
 
 Scio.) 
 CoN'FEssYOXE. Confessio. 
 Con fectyon' of spyces (confexion, 
 
 H. p. spysery, K.) Confeccio. 
 CoNFLYCTE of verre (or werre, 
 
 K. p.) Conjlictus. 
 C o N F us Y'o N E, or schame. Confusio . 
 
 (CONGELLYN, K. Congelo.) 
 
 CoNY'. Cuniculus. 
 CoxYYS hole. Cumis, cath. 
 {caniay p.) 
 
 CuNNYNGE, or scyence.' Sciencia. 
 (Conynge, or wytt, k. wytty, p. 
 
 Sciens.^ 
 CoNNYNGERE, Or connynge crthe.^ 
 
 Ctinicul avium. 
 CooNYONE, or drowtly (conione or 
 
 dwerhe, k. conione or dwerwe, h. 
 
 congeon or dw erfe, p.)^ Sessillus. 
 CoYNOWRE, or coynesmytare.* 
 
 Nummidar'ms. 
 Coniuracyon', or coniurjTige. 
 
 Conjuracio. 
 
 ' "To cone, to cunne, scire.'" cath, ang. " Cognoscere, scientiam habere, to 
 conne." orti's. To conne is used in this sense by Chaucer, and in the Wicliffite ver- 
 sion, 1 Cor. ii. 2, is rendered thus, " I deeme not me to kunne ony thing." Caxton 
 remarks in the Boke for Travellers, " It is a good thyng to conne a good craft, 
 scavoir." So likewise in the Legenda Aurea, f. 92, b. " O who sholde conne shewe 
 hereupon the secretes of thyne herte I " Palsgrave gives " to konne, learne or knowe, 
 scavoir. I can konne more by herte in a day, than he can in a weke ; " and " to conne 
 thanke, or can one good thanke, scavoir Ion grL^^ " Thou shalt kua me thanke." 
 HORM. See Jamieson. Ang. Sax. connan, scire. 
 
 2 " A connynge, scientia,facnltas." cath. ang. " Connynge is of that thou haste 
 lerned the memory or mynde, and reteyneth that thou sholdest forgete." Legenda 
 Aurea, f. 53. Ang. Sax. cunning, e.vperientia. 
 
 3 This word is used by Lydgate in the Concords of Company, Minor Poems, p. 174. 
 
 " With them that ferett robbe conyngerys." 
 
 Among the Privy Purse expenses of Henry Vll. is a payment in 1493, " for making of 
 the Conyngerthe pale." Horman observes that " warens and conygers and parkis 
 palydde occupie moche grounde nat inhabitaunt, leporaria sive lagotrophia.^' Elyot 
 gives " Vivarium, a counnyngar, a parke ; " and Thomas, in his Italian Grammar, 
 1548, uses the word to denote a pleasance, or enclosed garden, " Horti di Venern, the 
 womans secrete connyngers." " Cony garthe, garenne. Cony hole or clapar, lais- 
 niere, terrier, clappier." palsg. In the Paston Letters, iv. 4iiG, the term " konyne 
 closse '■ occurs in the same sense. In almost every county in England, near to ancient 
 dwelling places, the name Coneygare, Conigree, or Coneygarth occurs, and various con- 
 jectures have been made respecting its derivation, which, however, is sufficiently obvious. 
 See Mr. Hartshorne's observations on names of places, Salopia Antiqua, p. 258. 
 
 '' Coinoun, or konioun, occurs iu Kyng Alisaunder, and is explained by Weber aa 
 signifying coward, or scoundrel, from the French coion, which has that meaning. 
 
 " Alisaundre 1 thou coinoun wode." line 1718. 
 " Pes! quoth Candace, thou konioun ! " line 7748. 
 Here, however, the word seems merely to signify a dwarf. See hereafter dwerowe. 
 
 ° The first record of a mint at Lynn, wlu-re tlie Proniptorium was compiled, occurs 
 in 9th John, 1208, but there was possiljjy one in earlier times, and the name occurs oa 
 the coins of Edgar. Parkins supposes tliat it fell into disuse about 134-1, IB Edw. III. ; 
 and he states that the Bishop of Norwich had also a mint there, but the fact is ques- 
 tlouible. See Blomefield's Hist. Norf. iv. p. 582, and Ruding's Annals of the Coinage, 
 U. J 98.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 91 
 
 (CONQUERYN,K.Con(7Mero,CATH.) 
 
 CoNQUESTE, or conqueryiige. 
 
 Conquestus. 
 CoNSTYTUCYONE. Constitucio. 
 
 (CONSTREYNYN, K. Compello, 
 
 cogo, coarceo, arto, urgeo.^ 
 
 CONSTREYNYNGE. CodCcio, Cir- 
 
 tacin, compulsio. 
 CoNSTRUARE. Constructor. 
 Construccvon', or construynge. 
 
 Construccio. 
 (Construyn, k. h. Construo, 
 
 CATH.) 
 
 CoNTAGYOWs, or grevows to dele 
 
 wythe. Contagiosus. 
 CoNTEMPLACYOXE. Contemplci- 
 
 cio. 
 (CoNTEYNYN, haupi or kepyn 
 
 wit-innyn, K. kepe within, p. 
 
 Contmeo.) 
 CoNTEYNYD (or withiii holdyn, h. 
 
 holde, p.^ Contentus. 
 
 CoNTEYNYNGE. Contincncia. 
 Contra RYOws. Contrarius. 
 Coxtraryowsnesse. Contra- 
 
 rietas. 
 CoNTRYCYOx, or sorow for synne. 
 
 Contricio. 
 CoNTYNUALLY, or allway (con- 
 
 tynuyngly, p.) Continue. 
 CoNTYNUYD, kepte wythe-owte 
 
 cessynge (brekynge, v.) Con- 
 
 tinuatus. 
 (CoNTYNUYN, lestyii, or abydyn, 
 
 K. Continuo.) 
 Contynuynge. Continuacio. 
 CoppE, or coper of a other thynge 
 
 (top of an hey thyng, k. coppe of 
 
 an hye thinge, p.)i Cacumen. 
 CooPE (cope, K.H.cape, w.)^ Cupa. 
 CoPEROSE. VUriola. 
 CoPORNE, or coporour of a thynge 
 
 (coperone, k. h. coperun, p.)^ 
 
 Capitellum. 
 
 1 The Latin-English Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 1587, gives ^' siimmiias, coppe," 
 namely, of a steeple. In the Wicliffite version, Luke iv. 29 is thus rendered, "And 
 they ledden him to the coppe of the hil, on which her cytee was bildid, to cast him 
 down." The crest on a bird's head likewise was thus termed, " Cop, cirrus, crista, 
 est avium ut ffalli vel alaude.''' cath. ang. The gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth ex- 
 plains ^^ geliue hupte, coppede hen;" and Elyot gives " Stymphalide, a coppe of 
 fethers, whiche standeth on the head of a byrde." In Norfolk, the term copple-crowa 
 still has this meaning, llorman says, " Somtyme men were coppid cappis like a sugar- 
 lofe," and uses the term " a cop heedyd felowe, cilo,'' which is explained by Elyot as 
 having a great round forehead ; and again, " Homer declaryng a very folysshe and aa 
 baskard felowe under the person of Thersyte, sayth that he was copheeded lyke a gygge, 
 vertice acuminata." Cotgrave renders " piynon, a finiall, cop, or small pinnacle on the 
 ridge of a house." The epithet is applied to the pointed siioe, or poleyn, in fashion 
 in the XVth century. " Milieus, a copped shoo." ortus. Ang. Sax. cop, aper. 
 
 2 See above cappe, capa; this sacred vestment commonly called a cope, the wearing 
 of which has fallen into disuse, excepting at coronations, is by the Canons of the Re- 
 formed Church directed to be worn at the celebration of the communion in cathedral 
 and collegiate churches. See Queen Elizabeth's .Vdvertisements, A. I). lotJ4, Wilkins' 
 Cone. IV. p. 248, and the Ecclesiastical Constitutions, or Canons, A. D. 1604, ibid, 
 p. 383. 
 
 s The Catholicon explains capitellum as signifying merely the capital of a column, 
 but in the Medulla it is rendered " summa pars capitis ; '' and in this sense, coporne 
 signifying the apex or pinnacle, the work with wliich a tower, or any ornamental con- 
 struction, is crowned, may perhaps be regarded as a diminutive of coppe. The term 
 occurs in a curious description of a castle, written about the time of Richard II.
 
 02 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Copy of a thynge wretyn'. Copia. 
 (CoPYYN, K. Copio.) 
 Copy YD, Cojnatus. 
 CopYOwsE, or plentevows. Co- 
 
 piosus. 
 CoPYR, metalle. Cuprum, 
 CoRAGE, or craske (cranke, p.)' 
 
 Ci assu s, CO r agios us. 
 CoRAGENEssE, or craskencsse (co- 
 
 ragiowsnesse, or cranknesse, p.) 
 
 Crassitudo. 
 CoRALLE, stone. Corallus. 
 CoRALLE, or drasse of come 
 
 (coralys or drosse, k . p. coralyys, 
 
 or dros, h.)* Acus, ug. c. f. 
 
 rusculum, ruscus vel ruscunii 
 
 UG. in ruo, cath. 
 
 CoRBELL of a roffe. Tigillus, 
 
 KYLW. 
 
 CoRCET, or coote. Tunica, tu- 
 
 nicella, c. F. 
 CoRCY, or corercyows.^ Corpu- 
 
 lentus. 
 CoRCYowsE, or grete belyydde. 
 
 Ventricosus. 
 CoRCYOWSNESsE. Covpxdencia. 
 CooRDE, roope. Cordula. 
 CoRDYD, or accordyde. Concor- 
 
 datus. 
 CoRDWANE, ledyr (cordwale le- 
 
 thir, K.)^ Aluta. 
 
 CORDWANER. Alufavius. 
 
 CooRDONE (cordone, p.)'' Nicetri- 
 um (nicetorium, p.) amteonites. 
 
 " Fayre fylyolej that fy^ed, and ferlyly long, 
 With coruon coprounes craftyly sleje." 
 
 Gawayn and the Greue Knyjt, line 797. 
 
 A round tower apjiears to have had the appellation of a fyell, a phioll, or fylyole, not 
 as lluddiman conjectures, from Jiola, a vial, but from p/iala. " Fala, a tour of tre." 
 MKP. ORAMM. In the description of Belshazzar's feast, in another poem of the same 
 time, cited by Sir F. jMadden in his notes on Sir Gawayn, it is said of the covered cups 
 wliich were fasliioneil like embattled castles, 
 
 " Tlie coperounes of the canacles, that on the cuppe reres, 
 Wer fetysely formed out in fylyoles longe." 
 
 Cott. MS. Nero, A. x. f. 77. 
 
 ' See hereafter CRASKE, or fryke of fatte, a word which seems to be derivable as a 
 corruption from cra.ssus, or the French eras. Crank, which occurs here in the printed 
 editions of the Promjitorium, usually signifies sickly or feeble, but in Kent and Sussex 
 it has the sense of merry or brisk ; tiie reading is, however, questionable, as the word 
 crank does not occur in these editions subsequently, but craske, as in the MSS. 
 
 2 " /Jcus, coralle." Vocab. Harl. MS. 15^7. " Curailles de maisons, the dust, filth, 
 eweejiings, or cleansing of houses.'' cotg. See draffe hereafter. 
 
 3 " Corsy, c(//;/>i</e«/?M." CATii. ANG. " Corcyfe, co/7>.vk. Corsyfe, to full of fatnesse, 
 corsv, corpulent.^' i'alsg. Elyot gives "■ Pirupiis, he that is fat, corsye, unweldye." 
 
 ■• Chaucer, in the Rime of Sir Thoj)as, mentions " liis shoon of cordewane ;" and 
 in the JJoke for Travellers Caxton speaks of " hydes of kyen wliereof men make letlier ; 
 of fellis of glieet, or of the bukke make men good cordewan ; of shepes fellis may be 
 made the basenne.'' The kind of leather to which this name was applied was originally 
 prepared at Corduba, and thence, according to Junius and INIenage, received the ap- 
 pellation. 
 
 ^ Tiie Medulla gives " Mcc/rwm, tokene of overcomynge." Harl. MS. 'A'.'>7. The 
 f 'atholieon gives tiie following ixplaniilion, " dicuntiir Nicelvriu Jitnteriu, ijme i/cn- 
 tdbanl allitcta:, facta de nuunnitatibun anuorum, qua' u viclis accepera7U." Sec Du- 
 cange.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 93 
 
 c. F. victoriale. c. f. elicit sic, 
 
 Nicetoria sunt et victo- 
 
 rialia nicetoria sunt ornamenta. 
 
 Core, of frute. Artda. 
 
 Cory, schepherdys howse.' Ma- 
 gale, mapale, cath. 
 
 CoRYOWRE. Coriarins, cerdo. 
 
 CoRYOwsE, of crafte. Curiosus, 
 {cirtijiciosus, p.) 
 
 CuRYosTE, or curyosite (coriouste, 
 P.) Curiositas, artijiciositas. 
 
 CoRKTRE. Suberies, VG. in suo. 
 
 CoRKBARKE. Cortex, UG. in stio. 
 
 CoRMERAWNTE. Covvus mavi- 
 nus, KYLw. cormeraudus, mor- 
 plex, c. F. 
 
 CoRMUSE, pype (cornymuse, p.)' 
 Cormusa. 
 
 CoRNE. Granum, gramen. 
 
 CoRNE, whyle hyt growythe. Seges. 
 (CoRNE, that is grene, p. Bla- 
 
 dwn.) 
 CooRNE, or harde knott in jje 
 
 flesche. Cornicallus. 
 (Cornel, h. p. Frontispicium.) 
 CoRNERE (or hyrne, h. p.) An- 
 
 guliis. 
 Corner YD. Angulatus. 
 
 CORONALLE. Corollu, COMM. 
 
 CATH, coronulla, UG. 
 CoRowNE (corone, K.) Corona. 
 CoROWNYDE. Coronatus. 
 (CoROWNYN, K. p. Corono.') 
 CoROWNYNGE, OF coronacyon. 
 
 Coronacio. 
 CoRPHUN(corpchunherynge, H.p.) 
 CoRPORASsE, or corporalle.^ Cor- 
 
 porale. 
 
 1 la N. Britain a temporary building or shed is called a corf, or cprf-house, signi- 
 fying, as Janiieson observes, a hole or hiding place, Ang. Sax. cruft, crypta, or perhaps 
 approaching most nearly to Isl. korbae, tuyuriolum. The floating basket used on the 
 Suffolk coast to keep lobsters, is called, as Forby states, a corf or coy ; and it seems 
 possible that this appellation may have been given to the shepherd's hut, from its being 
 formed with wattles, like a rudely-fashioned basket. Caxton, in the Boke for Tra- 
 vellers, calls a basket a " corfFe, or mande." 
 
 ■-^ A distinction seems to be made in the Promptorium between the cormuse and 
 the BAGGE-PYPE, joan(f?<ea, a word which has occurred previously. Chaucer speaks 
 of the great multitude that he saw in the House of Fame, 
 
 " That made loud Minstralcies 
 
 In cornmuse and shalmies." Book iii. 
 
 In the Romance of the Rose he describes the discordant sounds produced by Wicked 
 Tongue " with horuepipes of cornewaile, " evidently identical with the cornmuse. 
 Palsgrave renders " Bagge-pype, comemuse,'''' in low Latin, " coniemusa, vox ab 
 Italis et His2)anis usurpata, uter sx/mphoniacus.'' duo. Hawkins has given in the 
 Hist, of Music, vol. ii. 4.53, a representation of the cornamtixa or bagpipe, copied from 
 the Musurgia of Luscinius, published at Strasburg, 1530. Dr. Burney observes that 
 " the cornmuse was the name of a horn or Cornish pipe, blown like our bagpipe." 
 Vol. ii. 270. This instrument appears to have been in favour as an accompaniment of 
 the dance. Roquefort gives it another appellation, eslive; and in the list of Minstrels 
 who played before Edward I. in 130fa', when Prince Edward was knighted, are found 
 Hamond Lestivour, and Gefi"rai le Estivour. See the volume presented to the Ilox- 
 burghe Club by Mr. Botfield, on Manners and Household Exjienses in England, p. 14'.'. 
 3 The term corporas, corporalis palla, denotes a consecrated linen cloth, folded and 
 placed upon the altar in the service of tlie mass, beneath the sacred elements. Its 
 symbolical import, allusive to the fine linen iu which the body of Christ was wrapped,
 
 94 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 CooRS, dede body (corse, k.) 
 
 Funus. 
 CooRs of sylke, or threde (corce, 
 
 p.)' Textum. 
 CoRsouRE of horse.^ Mango, c. v. 
 CowRTE. Curia. 
 
 COORTYOWRE. DeCUrio, CATH. 
 
 curialis, curio, UG. in cordia. 
 CoRUUN, or kutte (corvone, k. 
 
 corued, p.) Scissus (^sculptus,v.^ 
 CooTE, lytylle howse (cosh, k. 
 
 cosche, H. cosshe, p.)^ Casa, 
 
 tugurrium, capana (^gurgus- 
 
 tiurn, te.ges, K. p.) 
 Coosyn', or emys sone (cosyng, 
 
 K. cosyne, p.) Cognatus, cog- 
 
 nata. 
 CosYN, of ii systerys, awntys son' 
 
 or dowgtitur. Consohrinus, con- 
 
 sohrina, UG. in sereno. 
 CosYNAGE. Cognacio. 
 CosYNES, bredcrys chyldrynne. 
 
 Fratruelis, c. f. (fraternalis. P.) 
 CoscHYNE. Sedile, Ric. 
 CoosTE, or costage. Expense, 
 
 sumptus, impendium, cath. 
 (CosTYN, or do cost or spendyn, 
 
 K. Exspendo, impendo.) 
 CoosTEjherbe.* Costus (^coosta,v.) 
 
 cujus radix dicitur costum, c. f. 
 CosTE of acuntre. Conjinium, ora. 
 Costard, appuUe. Aniriarium 
 
 (^quiriarium, k. p.) guirianum, 
 
 KYLW. 
 
 CoosTRE of an halle (costere, H.)* 
 Suhaulewn, cath. in auleum. 
 
 is fully explained by Durandus. See Lyndwood's Observations on the Constitutions of 
 Abp. Walter Reynold, 1322, p. 23.'). The Constit. of the Bishops of Worcester in 
 1229 and 1240, required that in every Church should be provided " duo paria corpo- 
 ralium," and the .Synod of Exeter in 1287, ordained that in every Church should be 
 ^' duo corporalia cum repositoriis." Wilkins, Cone. i. 623, 666, ii. 139. The reposi- 
 toriuni, or case wherein the corporas was enclosed, when not in use, was richly em- 
 broidered, or adorned with precious stones ; it was termed likewise theca, capsa, or 
 bursa corporalium . See the inventories of the gorgeous vestments and ornaments at 
 St. Paul's, 1295, Mon. Angl. iii. 321. " Corporale, alba palla in altari, Anglice, a 
 corporalle." ortus. " A corparax, corporate.''' cath. ang. " Corporas for a chedes, 
 corporeau."' palsg. 
 
 ' " Corse of a gyrdell, ^/s*M. Corse weauer, ^mw/jer." palsg. See hereafter seynt, 
 or cors of a gyrdylle. 
 
 * " A coyseyr of hors, mango. To coyse, alterare, et cetera ubi to chawnge.'' cath. 
 ANG. To cose signifies in N. Britain, according to Jamieson, to exchange or barter. 
 In Octovian a dealer in horses is termed a " corsere." See Weber's Metr. Rom. iii. 
 191. Horman says, " Corsers of horses ('»Maw^o«e.\') by false menys make them loke 
 fresshe." " He can horse you as well as all the corsers in the towne, courtiers de 
 chevaulx.'" palsg. 
 
 3 As COOTE occurs hereafter in its proper place, the reading of the Harl. MS. ap- 
 pears here to be corrupt. " Cosshe, a sorie house, caverne.^' palsg. In the Craven 
 dialect cosh still has this signification. 
 
 * Of the various virtues of coste, which is the root of an Indian plant, the early 
 writers on drugs give long details, and Parkinson has represented it at p. 1582 of bis 
 Herbal. In Mr. Diamond's curious MS. on the qualities of plants and spices, two 
 kinds of coste are described, both brought from India : " he oone ys heuy and rede, l>e 
 toher is li3t and nojt bittere, and somedel white in colour ; " and it is recommended to 
 make an ointment of coste ground small with honey, excellent to cleanse the face of the 
 freckles, and " a suffreyn remedie for sciatica, and to \>c membris hat ben a-stonyed." 
 
 ^ The Catholicon explains aw/cMm as " cortina, quia in aulis extendi solel." The
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 95 
 
 COSTELEWE (cOStfuU, K. COStleW, 
 
 H. costuous, w.)' Sumptuosus. 
 (CosTYN ouyr )je cuntre, k. coos- 
 
 tyn on the countre, p.- Trans- 
 
 patrio.) 
 CosTRED, or costrelle, grete bo- 
 
 telle (costret, or hotel, k.)' 
 
 Onopherum, Dice. c. f. aristo- 
 
 phorum, catii. 
 CooTE, byrde (cote, hrydde, K.) 
 
 MergusifuUica, UG. mer. 
 Cote akmvk'e..' Baltheus, c. f.ug. 
 
 hangings with which the side-walls of a hall were garnished, previously to the more 
 general use of wainscot, appear to have been termed costers. The name was applied 
 likewise to hangings, either in a church at the sides of the choir, or in a hall near the 
 high table, as a kind of screen, or even to the curtains of a bed. In tlie Register of the 
 ornaments of the Royal Chapel at Windsor, taken 1385, 8 Ric. II. under the head of 
 " Paniii," several are enumerated. " Duo costers panni magni de Velvetto, pro prin- 
 cipalibus diebus, rubei et viridis coloris, cum magnis imaginibus stantibus in taberna- 
 culo.'' Mon. Ang. T. iii. part 2, p. 81. Ralph Nevill, Earl of Westmorland, bequeathed 
 in 1424 to his wife a third part of his estate, '^ cum uno lecto de /4rras operato cum 
 aufo, cum costeris eidem pertinentibus et concordantibus ; " and to his son Ricfiard 
 another bed of Arras, " cum costeris paled de colore rubeo viridi et albo, qui solebant 
 pendere in magnd camerd infra casti'um de Sherifhoton.'''' Madox, Forrnul. p. 432. 
 
 1 Chaucer, in the Persones Tale, makes great complaint of the " sinneful costlewe 
 array of clothing," occasioned by the extravagant fashions of the time of Richard II. 
 In the Stat. 3 Henry VII. c. 2, against murderers, it is stated that " he that will sue 
 eny appell must sue in propre persone, which sute ys long and costlowe {costeouz, Fr.) 
 that yt makyth the partie appellant wery to sue." The Cath. Ang. gives " costy, 
 sumptuosus," and Palsgrave, " costyouse, sumptueuj;." 
 
 2 Chaucer uses the verb to costeie in the sense of the French costoier, to pass along- 
 side ; as in the complaint of the Black Knight, line 36. 
 
 " And by a riuer forth I gan costeie." 
 Palsgrave gives the verb " to coste a countrey or place, ryde, go, or sayle about it, 
 costier or costoyer. To hym that coulde coste the countray, there is a nerer way by 
 syxe myle." 
 
 3 Chaucer, in the Legend of Hypermestre, relates that her father Danao gave her 
 " a costrell " filled with a narcotic, in order to poison her husband Lino. "A cos- 
 trelle, oneferum, et cetera ubi a flakett. A flakett, flacta, obba, uter, et cetera ubi a 
 potte." CATH. ANG. A MS. of the XlVth century, which gives the explanation of 
 words that occur in the Missal, contains the following interpretation : " I ter, Atiglice 
 a hotel, sedcollateralis, Anglice, a costrelle. De cute diets utres, de ligno collaterales." 
 M. Paris gives a curious relation of poison discovered in the year 1258, concealed in 
 certain vessels, " (jute costrelli vocantur.'^ Costerelium or costeretum, in old French 
 costeret, signified a certain measure of wine, or other liquids ; and a costrell seems to 
 have been properly a small wooden barrel, so called because it might be carried at the 
 Bide, such as is carried by a labourer as his provision for the day, still termed a costril 
 in the Craven dialect. 
 
 * Balt/ieus, which properly implies the girdle or mark of knightly dignity, the cingulum 
 militare, is here used as signifying a kind of military garment. Compare hereafter 
 DOBBELET, garment, baltheus. The Cath. Ang. gives "a cotearniour, insignium.''' 
 The usage of wearing an upper garment, or surcote, charged with armorial bear- 
 ings, as a personal distinction in conflict, when the features were concealed by the 
 aventaille, commenced possibly in the reign of John, but was not generally adopted 
 before the time of Henry III. A portion of the armorial surcote of William de For-
 
 96 
 
 PROiMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 CooTE, lytylle howse, supra. 
 
 COTERELLE.' GuVgUStinUS, tUgtlV- 
 
 rinus, tugurrlna, gurgicstina, 
 coterellus, coterella, et hec duo 
 nominate fa sunt. 
 
 CoTELERE. Cultellarius. 
 
 CoTHE, or s\vownynge.2 Smcopa, 
 sincopes, c. f. 
 
 (CoTUL, fisshe, K. H. cotuU or 
 coduU, fisshe, p.s Cepia.^ 
 
 CoTUNE (coton, p.) Bombicmum. 
 
 CowE, beste. Vucca. 
 
 Coward, hertlesse. Vecors, iners. 
 
 CowARDNESSE (cowardise, k.) 
 Vecordia, inercia, cath. 
 
 CowcHE. Cuhile, grabatum, c, F. 
 media pi'oductd ; grahatum, me- 
 dia correptd, Anglice a barme, 
 
 or lappe, unde versus, Pro gre- 
 
 mio grahatum, pro lecto pone 
 
 grahatum. 
 (CowcHYN, or leyne in couche, k. 
 
 lye in cowche, p. Cuho.^ 
 (CowcHYN, or leyne thinges to- 
 
 gedyr, k. Colloco.^ 
 CowDE.* Frustrum, congiarium, 
 
 UG. (frustum, p.) 
 Covey of pertrychys (couc, or 
 
 couy, H. p.) Cuneus,vel cohors. 
 
 (COWEYTYN, K. Cupio, opto, 
 
 glisco, cojicupisco, cath.) 
 CovETYSE. Cupid it as, cupido. 
 CovETYSE of ryches (coveytyce, 
 
 H.) Avaricia. 
 CovETOwsE. Cupidus. 
 Co VETO ws of (great, p.) worldely 
 
 tibus, Earl of Albemarle, who died 1260, still exists, and an engraving of it is given in 
 the Vetusta Monum. VI. plate 18. Among the earliest representations may be men- 
 tioned the effigies at Salisbury of William Longespee, who died 1266', and of a knight of 
 the De I'lsle family at Rampton, Cambridgeshire. See Stothard's Monumental Effi- 
 gies. Sir Thomas de la More relates that the Earl of Gloucester was slain at Bannock- 
 burn, 1314, in consequence of his neglecting to put on his insignia, termed in the Latin 
 trsLnslsition " tof/arn proprice armaturce." Chaucer relates that the heralds after the 
 conflict distinguished Arcita and Palamon by their " cote armure," as they lay in the 
 " tas " severely wounded. Knight's Tale, 1018. An early instance of the use of the term 
 coat-armour occurs in the Close Roll, 2 Edw. III. 1328, where the King commands the 
 keeper of his wardrobe to render up " omnes armaturas, tam cotearmurs quam aliax,'' 
 which had belonged to Bartholomew de Badlesmere, deceased, for the use of Giles his 
 son, to whom the King had given them. Rymer, iv. 371. During the reign of Edward 
 III. the surcote gave place to the jupon, and this was succeeded, about the time that 
 the Promptorium was compiled, by the tabard, the latest fashion of a garment armorially 
 decorated, and the prototype of that which is still worn by the heralds and pursuivants. 
 
 ' The inferior tenants, or occujiiers of cottages, are termed in the Domesday Book 
 cotarii or coscets, in Ang. Sa.\. cotsseta, casa; habitator, in French cotarel, or costerel. 
 Ducange and Spelman make no distinction between cotarelU and cotarii, but Bp. Ken- 
 nett thinks there was an essential difference, and that the coterelle held in absolute 
 villenage. See his Glossary, Paroch. Ant. 
 
 2 Sir Thomas Browne mentions cothish among words peculiar to Norfolk, and Forby 
 gives cothy as the word still used, signifying faint or sickly. In Bishop Kennett's 
 Glossarial Collections, Lansd. MS. 1033, is given " cothish, morose. Norf." Ang. Sax. 
 cothe, morbus. 
 
 •* See above codullk, fysche. Sepia. 
 
 < This word ap[)ears to signify a piece or a lump of meat ; congiarium is in the 
 Catholicoa explained to be ^'frustum curnis undique equatutn.^' Miusheu states
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 97 
 
 goodys, or other rj'ches (werdli 
 good, K. wordly, r.) Avarus, 
 cupicUnarius, c. f. 
 
 CovETOws of workk'ly ryches 
 (wordli worchyp, k. worldly 
 worshippes, p.) Ambiciosns. 
 
 Coo VENT (couente, p.)' Conveiitus. 
 
 CouERCLE (coverkyl, h.) Oper- 
 culum, coopercuhim. 
 
 CouERTOWRE. Coopevtorium. 
 
 CoGHE (cough or horst, p. cowhe, 
 or host, H. w.)^ Tussis. 
 
 (CowYN, or hostyn, k. cowhyn, ii. 
 cowghen, p. Tussio, ticssito, 
 
 CATH.) 
 
 CowiiERDE. Vaccarius, vaccaria 
 
 (bubulcus, p.) 
 CouERLYTE,clothe.C'oo/>^)'^rt)'m?n. 
 CoowLE to closyn mennys fow- 
 
 lys.2 Saginarium, cavea, cath. 
 CowLE, vesselle (for to sette ves- 
 
 sell, p.)* Tina, cath. 
 CowLE, or coope (cope, ii. 
 
 coupe, p.)"" Capa. 
 CowLE, munkys abyte. CucuUa, 
 
 cucullus, c. F. 
 CowLE TRE, or soo tre.'' Fa- 
 
 langa, vectatorium, catii. 
 CowME of corfie. Cumha. 
 Cow(m)fory, herbe (cowmfory, 
 
 that " cowde is an old English word, signifying a gobbet, morcell, or peece of any 
 thing cut out," but he appears to have taken it from the Promptoriuui, and Skinner 
 gives it on his authority. Possibly covvde may have some analogy with cud, which in 
 the Promptorium is written cood. See above chew the cood. Ang. Sax. cud, rumen. 
 
 1 " A couent, conventus, conventiculus.^' oath. ang. The derivation of the word is 
 here evidently from the French, convent, and not from the Latin : and the orthography 
 of the name Covent Garden thus appears to have the sanction of ancient authority. 
 
 2 Among the virtues of " horhowne," as stated in a translation of Macer's Treatise on 
 Plants, MS. XVth Cent, belonging to Hugh \V. Diamond, Esq. is the following: " J^ia 
 erbe y-dronke in olde wyne helpij) ]?e kynges hoste, and J'e comone coghe eke." In 
 another place a decoction of roots of " skyrewhite " is recommended to heal " J>e 
 chynke and t^e olde coghe." Skinner says the hooping-cough was termed in Lincoln- 
 shire kin-cough, and derives the word from the Belg. kicnkhost, and the verb kinchen, 
 difficttUer spirare. See hereafter hoose, or cowghe, and hostyn. 
 
 3 " Coupe or coule for capons, or other poultrie ware, caige aux c/iappons." palsg. 
 The name was probably assigned in consequence of a supposed similarity to a monk's 
 cowl, whence likewise the name has been given to the covering of a chimney. Ang. Sax. 
 cuhle, cuculla. Elyot gives " scirpea, a dounge potte, or colne made with roddes." 
 
 4 The cope was originally worn with a hood, which at a subsequent time was repre- 
 sented only by embroidery on the back. Hence, probably, this garment was sometimes 
 termed a cowle. Chaucer repeatedly terms the monastic habit a cope. See the descrip- 
 tion of Huberd the Frere, who was not like a " cloisterere," 
 
 " With thredbare cope as is a poure scolere. 
 Of double worsted was his semicope. 
 That round was as a belle, out of the presse.'' 
 
 ^ " Tina, vas vinarium amplissimum.'^ ortus. In the accounts of the church- 
 wardens of "Walden, in Essex, occurs a charge in i?T Hen. VI. 1448, for a " cowle pro 
 aqnd lenedictd, x.d." Hist, of Audley End, by Lord Braybrooke. In Esse.x the term 
 cowl is applied at the present time to any description of tub. See Kennett's Glossary, 
 nnder the word cowele ; he supposes it to be derived from cucula, a vessel shaped like 
 a boat. 
 
 •^ " Phalangaest hasia, vet quidam baculus ad portandaa cupas, Anglice a stang, or a 
 CAM. .SOC. O
 
 98 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 K. P.) ConsoVula major, et 
 
 •minor rf«cj7e<rclaysy (dayseys, p.) 
 CoMFOKTE. Cunxolacio, confor- 
 
 tacio, consolamen. 
 CoMFORTOWRE (coiifortoure, p.) 
 
 Consolator (coiifoi'tutor, k.) 
 (CowMFORTYX, OF cunifortyii, K. 
 
 conforten, v.Conforto, consolor.) 
 CowNSELLE. Consilium. 
 CowNSELLE, or prciiey thynge to 
 
 know. Secretum,c. F.misteriuin. 
 CowNSELHowsE. Concioncibtc- 
 
 lum, co7isiliabulum, cath. 
 
 Cow(n)sellou r. Consiliurius. 
 (CowNSELYN, or aske counsell, 
 or gyue counsell, k. Con- 
 sul o.^ 
 
 (COWNTYN, K. ComputO.) 
 
 CowNT ROLLARE (countrolloure, 
 
 p.) Contrcu-otidator. 
 CouNTESE. Comitassa. 
 
 COWNTYNGE. Computucio. 
 COWNTYNGE BORDE, or table. Ta- 
 
 ■pecea, tapeceta, UG. in torreo 
 
 (trapecea, p.) 
 C o WN T o \v R E. ' Comp lica to rium . 
 
 culstafFe." ortus. " Courye, a stang, pale-staffe, or cole-staffe, carried on the shoul- 
 der, and notched for the hanging of a pale, at hoth ends." cotgr. In Caxton's Mir- 
 rourof the World, c. 10, A. D. 1481, it is related that in Ynde " the clustres of grapes ben 
 so grete and so fulle of muste, that two men ben gretly charged to bere one of them only 
 vpon a coIestatF." In Hoole's translation of the Orbis sensualium by Comenius, 1658, 
 is given a representation of the cole-stafF (eernnma) used for bearing a burden between 
 two persons, p. 135 ; and again at p. 113, where it appears as used by brewers to carry 
 to the cellar the newly-made beer in " soes," or tubs with two handles {labra), called 
 also cowls. In Brand's Popular Antiquities, ii. 107, will be found an account of the 
 local custom of riding the cowl -staff, or stang. 
 
 ' At the period when the Promptorium was compiled, calculations were usually made 
 by means of the abacus, or counting-board, and counters, which were chiefly the pieces 
 of base metal to which the name of Nuremburgh tokens has commonly been given. The 
 " augrim stones'' mentioned by Chaucer iu the Miller's Tale, where he describes the 
 clerk of Oxford's study, jirobably served the same purpose. Palsgrave gives " counters 
 to cast a count with, iect, iecton." The science of calculation termed algorism had, 
 however, been partially introduced. See above awgrym. The term counter signified 
 also the table on which such accounts were cast, and even the couuting-house, in which 
 last sense it occurs in Chaucer, where it is related that the Merchant's wife went to call 
 her husband, 
 
 " And knocketh at his countour boldely." Shipman's Tale. 
 
 A curious representation of the counter-table occurs in drawings of the time of Edward 
 II. in Sloane MS. 3')«3. In a letter from Margaret Paston to her husband, about 145f), 
 regarding some alterations in his house, is the following j)assage : "1 have take the 
 measure in the draute cham'yr, as ye wold yo' colors and yo"' cowntewery shuld be sette 
 for the whyle, and y'' is no space besyde the bcdd, thow tlie bedd wcr rcmevyd to the 
 dore, for to sette bothe yo' bord and yo'' kofors ther, and to have space to go and sytte 
 besyde." Paston Letters, iii. 3'J4. At a later time there appears to have been a jjiece 
 of ordinary furniture in the liall of a mansion termed a counter, probably from its re- 
 semblance to the taljle properly so called. In the Inventories ]»rinted by the Surtecs 
 Society, mention fre<iuently occurs of the counter and the counter-cloths ; as likewise 
 of " doble counters, counters of the myildell bynde, Flanders counters with their car- 
 pets." Wills and Invent, i. 133, lo4, l':>8.
 
 PIlOMPTOniUM PARVULOKUM. 
 
 99 
 
 -/^ (COWNTINGE HOWS, P.' Com- 
 
 puforia.) 
 
 CoWNTYSE (cOWntC, K. COllIlt, P.) 
 
 Compotus (^racio. P.) 
 CowNTVRFETE, what SO hyt be. 
 Conformale. 
 
 (COWNTYRFETYX, K. CorifigUVO, 
 
 conformo.) 
 Cow srYRFE.T\-soK.C()nfor}uacio. 
 
 COWYNTYRPEYCE (pcys, K. poys, 
 
 p.) Htjstimentian, libramentum. 
 
 COWNTYRTALY.' ^?i/<COjOrt,CATH. 
 
 CowNTERE (countour, P.) Com- 
 piitarius (^computaf.oruim, p.) 
 
 (Counter', p.^ Computator, com- 
 potista.^ 
 
 (COWNTRYN SOngC, K. ill SOllgC, P. 
 
 Occenfo, c. f.) 
 CowNTERYNGE yn soTige. Cun- 
 
 centus, c. f. (^occentus, k.) 
 CowpARE. Cuparius. 
 CowPE, orpece.' Crater (cuppa, p.) 
 CowPYLLE, of ij thynggys. Co- 
 pula (cupla, p.) 
 
 (COWPLYN, K. Copillo.) 
 
 CowpLYD. Copulatus. 
 (CowRYX, or strcchyngo, K. curyn, 
 
 or astretchyn, p. arctchyn, j. n. 
 
 Attingo, CATii.) 
 
 Covv(r)cer, horse (cowscro, k. 
 
 courcer', p.) Succunarius, gra- 
 
 darius, catii. 
 CowRSE. Cur.iu.i. 
 CowRSEof mete. Missorium, uo. 
 
 in fero, vel cur.sns ferviilorum. 
 CowuKS of frute yn ))e endc of 
 
 mete (cowrs, k.) liellarium, 
 
 CATII. collihium, hnponen- 
 
 tiim. 
 Cows LOPE, hcrbe (cowslek, or 
 
 cowslop, P.) Herha petri, heiba 
 
 ])aralisis, liguxtra, K\\.\\. (vac- 
 cinia, p.) 
 Cowus of ordyr, or rewe. Series. 
 Crabbe, fyscho. Cancer. 
 Crabbe, appuUe or fruto. Maci- 
 
 aniim. 
 Crabbe, tre. Acerhus, macianus, 
 
 arbutus. 
 Crabbyd, awke, or wrawe (wray- 
 
 warde, w.)"" Cercniicus, bilosus, 
 
 cancerinus. 
 (Cracche, or manger, sitpra 
 
 in CRYBBE.) 
 
 Cracciiyn', sjipra in clawyn' 
 (cramsyn, p.)' Scalpico. 
 
 Cracciiynge (cratchingc, p.) 
 ScuJptura. 
 
 1 " A cowntynge j)lace, libraioriiim." cath. ang. 
 
 2 " A cownter, an/icopa." cath. ang. 
 
 3 See above ci.erkk of cowiitys. The appellation wliich occurs in Chaucer's de- 
 scription of tiie Frankelcin was placed by Tyrwhitt among his words not understood. 
 
 " A sbereve had he ben, and a countour." Cant. Tales, Prol. 
 
 A countour appears to have been one retained to defend a cause or plead for another, 
 in old French, confer. See the Stat. .'J Edw. I. c. C4, aijain.-t deceit or collusion by 
 pleaders, " serjnunt, contour, on autre,'' who being convicted, should suffer imprison- 
 ment, and never again be heard " ew la Court le liei/, a confer pur nutlut/." It may, 
 however, be questionable whether Cliaucer used the term in this sense, and it seems 
 jiossible that escheator may be meant ; the otiiec like that of siieriff was held for a 
 limited time, and was served only by the gentry of name and station in their county. 
 See hereafter pece, cuppe. 
 
 Sec above awke, or angry, and hereafter wraw, froward. 
 " See above the note on tlawyn', or cracchyn". In the history of St. Eutropc it is
 
 100 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Crafte. Ars, artificium. 
 Crafty. Artijiciosus (arfatus, p.) 
 Craftynesse. hidiistria. 
 Craftyly. Artijiciose, arcite. 
 Craggestone (crag stone, p.) 
 Riipa, scopula, cepido, cath. 
 
 Crakke, or dyn. Crepitus, fra- 
 
 gor 
 
 c. F. 
 
 Crakenelle, brede.i Creputel- 
 lusyfi'agineUus (cirtocopus, k.) 
 
 Crakkyn', as salt yn a fyre, or 
 o|)er lyke. Crepito. 
 
 Crakkyn', or schyllen nothys 
 (shill notes, p.) Excortico, 
 enuculo, enucleo, kylw. 
 
 Crakkyxge. Ci'epoi\ c. f. 
 
 Crakyxge, or (of, p.)boste.^ Jac- 
 tancia, arrogancia. 
 
 Crampe. Spasmus, cath. 
 
 Cramzyn', supra in cracchyx' 
 (cramsyn, *?</»'« jnclawyn, h. p.) 
 
 Cramsynge, supra in cracch- 
 
 ynge (cratcliinge, p.)^ 
 Crane, byrde. Griis. 
 Crayne, or crayues (crany or 
 
 craues, p.) Rima, rimulay 
 
 risCUS, CATH. 
 
 Cranyyd. Rimatus. 
 
 Cranyyn'. Rimo. 
 
 Cranke, instrument,* Cirillus 
 
 {girgillus, K. H. p.) 
 Cranke of a welle. Haustrum, 
 
 haustra. 
 Crappe, or gropys of corne.* 
 
 Acus, CATH. cribaUum, c. F. 
 Craschyn', as tethe Tcrayscliyn, 
 
 H. crasshen teethe, p.)^ Fremo, 
 frondeo (strideo. P.) 
 Cracchynge of tethe, or grynn- 
 
 ynge (crashynge, k. craskinge, 
 
 P.) Stridor, fremitus. 
 Craske, or fryke of fatte (crask, 
 
 or histy, K.)" Crassus. 
 
 related that " she ran to hym y' had slayne her broder, and wolde haue cratched his 
 eyen out of his heed." Legend. Aur. f. ol, b. Palsgrave gives the verb "to cratche 
 violently with ones nayles, yr«/i^ne»-." "lie crached me ciirsedly about the chekis, 
 unynibus laceravif." The Promptorium gives also cramzvn' in the same sense. 
 
 1 The kind of biscuit which still bears tliis name was in France called craquelin ; 
 Skinner gives also Belg. craeckelinck. " I'astilla, a cake, craknel or wygge." ortus. 
 See above brkde twyys bakyn, as krakenelle, or symnel. 
 
 2 " Jacto, id est ffloriari, eroijare. Anylice, to boost, or crake. Jactor, a craker." 
 ORTUS. " Craker, a boster, bubancier. To make auaunte, boste or crake. When he 
 is well whyttelled, he wyll crake goodly of his manhode ; quand it a bieii ben, ilsevante 
 goryiasement.'^ palsg. Forby gives this word as still in use in Norfolk. See Jamieson's 
 Dictionary. 
 
 3 Cransynge, supra in crecchitnge, ms. 
 
 4 Giryillus signifies a kind of reel for winding thread. " Giryillum, ^Inglice, a haspe, 
 or a payre of yerne wyndle blades." ortus. Ang. Sax. cranc-staif, a weaver's instru- 
 ment. 
 
 •'' In low Latin the word crappce is used in this sense, " aljectio hladi, ut crappce — 
 recolliyafur." Fieta, lib. ii. c. 82. Ducange gives also crapinum, which he derives 
 from Bel'^. krappen, e.t'CH/<?re. " Crappes, «c?<*." cath. ang. *' Crapin, criblure, 
 Ic bled qui tombe du van.''' roquef. 
 
 ^ " To crasshe with my tethe togyther, grincher. To crasshe, as a thynge dothe that 
 is cryspe or britell bytwene ones tethe, crenper." i'ai.sg. 
 
 ^ This word is given by Skinner among the ancient words, "Crask, Authori Dli-l.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 101 
 
 Crauare. Procax, pecultus, 
 
 peculta, CATH. 
 Crauas, supra in crany. 
 Crawe, or crowpe of a byrde, or 
 
 ojjer fowlys. Gabus, vesicula, 
 
 CATir. 
 
 Crawyn' (cravyn, k.) Proco, 
 
 procacio, rogito, cath. 
 Crawynge. Procacitas. 
 Cracoke, relefe of molte talowe 
 
 or grese (crauche, k. crawke or 
 
 crappe, H. p.)i Cremium (^quod 
 
 restut in frixofio, K.) 
 Crede. Sijmbolum, catii. 
 C red el, or cradel. Crepimdium, 
 
 cunahulinn, cuna, crocea, c. f. 
 Credel boxde, or cradel bonde. 
 
 Fascia, fasciale, CAXii. quicia 
 
 {inicia, v.) 
 Crekyx' (as hennes, p.) supra in 
 
 CLOKKYx'. Gmcillo {crispo, p.) 
 
 Crelle (creke, H. p.) baskett or 
 
 Icpe.^ Cartallus, sporta. 
 CREMEofmylke.(y?<«cci<OT, UG.C. F, 
 Cremyn', or remyn', as lycour.3 
 
 Spumat. 
 Cre.mmyd, or crammyd, or stufFyd. 
 
 Farcinatus. 
 Cremmyn', or stuffyn'. Farcino, 
 
 repleo, cath. 
 Cremmynge, orcrammynge. Far- 
 
 cinacio. 
 Crepere, or he ]>at crepythe. 
 
 Reptor. 
 Crepyn'. Repo, UG. 
 Crepynge. liepcio,r€ptura. 
 Crepawnde, or crapawnde, pre- 
 
 cyous stone (crepaud, p.)' Sma- 
 
 ragdus. 
 Crese, or increse (cres, or incres, 
 
 K. p.) E.vcrescencia {incremen,' 
 
 turn, p.) 
 
 Angl. ajmd quern solum occurrit, exp. jnnguis, obesus, q, d. crassius, a Lat. crassns." 
 It is perhaps more directly corrupted from the old French word eras, wliich has the 
 same signification. 
 
 ' In a ]\I.S. of the Medulla in the Editor's possession cremmm is rendered " a cra- 
 conum of grece or talwhe." " Extrema crematio cepi, vel illud quod relinquiiur vstum 
 in frixorio."' ortus. "A crakane, cremium.^' cath. ang. The term cracklings, 
 which occurs in the Scotch Acts, James VI. is explained by Jamieson as signifying the 
 refuse of melted tallow; Su. G. and Isl. krak, qnisquilice, from krekia, to throw away. 
 Tallow craps has a like meaning in the Craven dialect. 
 
 - Creel is given by Moore as a word not frequently used in Suffolk ; Forby does not 
 mention it, but it occurs in the Craven dialect, and signifies an ozier basket, or crate. 
 See Jamieson's Dictionary. Roquefort explains creil as signifying a hurdle, craticula. 
 Lepe occurs hereafter. 
 
 3 See hereafter kkmyn, as ale, or other lycoure. 
 
 ■♦ Precyoustone, ms. " Craj)aude, a precious stone, crapaudine.''^ palsg. Cotgrave 
 explains crapaudine as signifying the stone chelonitis, or the toad-stone. The precious 
 stone found, as it was asserted, in the head of a toad, was supposed to possess many 
 virtues, and especially as a preservative against poison. On some of these stones, ac- 
 cording to Albertus Magnus, the figure of the animal was imprinted ; these were of 
 a green colour, and termed crapaudhia, boing possibly the kind here called smaragdus, 
 a name which properly denotes the emerald. These stones were known also by the 
 aj)pellations borax, broutia, cbe/uuiti-i, nise, batrachiles, or ceraunia. In the Metrical 
 Romance entitled Eniare is described a rich vesture, thickly set with gems, rubies, 
 topaze, " crapowtes and nakette; " the word is also written '* crapawtes." More de- 
 tailed information on this subject will be found in Gcsner, dc ijuadrup. ovip. ii. G.
 
 102 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Cresyn', or encresyfi'. Accrescd. 
 Cressaunt.' Lunula, cath. 
 
 UG, 
 
 Cresse, herbe. JVarstuvcium. 
 Cresse, seede. Gardanum. 
 Cressyt.* Crucibollum, c. F. 
 Creste, on an hede. Crista. 
 Creste, or a werke.^ Anaglijjha, 
 
 c. F. 
 Creste, of a byrdys hede. Cirrus. 
 
 Creyste, of londe eryyde (of a 
 
 londe erryed, p.)' Porca, cath. 
 Crestyn*, or a-rayyn' wythe a 
 
 creste (or sette on a creest, p.) 
 
 C)'isto. 
 Creues, supra in crany. 
 (Creveys, fyssbe, k. creues, p.^ 
 
 Polipus.^ 
 Crye. Clamor, vociferacio. 
 Crye of schypmen, that ys clepyd 
 
 See also Doiice's Illustrations of Shakspeare, As you like it, Act 2, Sc. I. ; and the 
 word toad-stone in Naies' Glossarj'. 
 
 1 " A cressent a-bowte y"^ nek, torqties, iorquis, lunula." cath. ang. Lunula is 
 explained in the Ortus to be an ornament for a woman's neck, shaped like the moon. 
 " /Inglice, an ouche, or barre." 
 
 2 " Uatidiix, a cressed, qnoddam vas in quo ponuntur prune." ortus. "Acressctt, 
 hatillus, ci~ucibnl>im, lucubrum. A crosser, crucibulum, htcubrum." cath. ang. A 
 curious representation of the cresset of the time of Henry III. occurs in one of the 
 subjects from the Painted Chamber, engraved in the Monuni. Vetusta, vol. vi. where 
 Abimelech is pourtrayed attempting to set fire to the tower of Thebes. Gower relates 
 that in Gideon's little troop every man had 
 
 " A potte of erthe, in which he tath 
 
 A light brennyng in a cresset." Conf. Am. lib. viii. 
 This word is derived from the French, " eras set, lampe de nuit.''^ roq.uef. See 
 Douce's Illustrations of Shaks])eare, and the representations of ancient cressets there 
 given. Hen. IV. Part I. In Queen EUzabeth's Armoury at the Tower, there is one 
 affixed on a long spear-headed pole. "Cresset, a \yght, Jiamljeau, /allot." palsg. 
 " Fahtt, a cresset light (such as they use in Playhouses) made of ropes wreathed, pitched, 
 and put in small and open cages of iron." cotgk. 
 
 3 " Anaijlypha dicuntur eniinenfes pictura, sicut sunt infrontispiciis ecclesiarum, et 
 in aliis altis locis. Anglice, horde of painters.'' ortus. The finishing which sur- 
 mounts a screen, roof, or other ornamented part of a structure, was called a crest, such 
 as is seen at Exeter Cathedral on the high-ridged roof. Tlie Stat. 17 Edw. IV. c. 4, 
 comprises an enactment respecting tlie manufacture and dimensions " rfe tewle, ap- 
 2)ellez pleintik', atitrement nosmez thaktile, roftile, ou crcstile," the prescribed length of 
 the last being 13 in. the thickness five-eighths, with convenient deepness acxordyng. 
 Crest-tiles, pierced with an ornanflental open pattern, were to be seen on tlie roof of the 
 ancient hall of the Temi>lars, at Temple Balsall, Warwickshire. In Hall's Chron. are 
 described ' crestes karued wyth viiiettes and trailes of sauage wooike," wiiicli orna- 
 mented the Han(|ueting-liouse prepared at Greenwich in 15'i7. Reprint, pp. (fOG, 722. 
 " Crest of a house, voypcau de la maison.^' palsc;. The Glossary of Arcliitecture cites 
 several autliorities, in wliicli the use of tlie term crest occurs. 
 
 ■« See above balkk of a londe eryd. " Porca est terra ilia que eminet inter duos 
 
 SulcOS." ORTUS. 
 
 * In the Medulla polipus is rendered " a schrympe," and in the Ortus " a lepeste," 
 or lobster; but tiic fish here intended is |irobably tlie craw-lish, Cancer /Jstacus, Linn. 
 wbirli still bears the name in the North of England, and Jaoiicson gives it the ap- 
 peilalion crevish. " Creues, a fysshe, escreuive." pai.sg.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 10:3 
 
 haue howe (halowe, p.)' Ce- 
 
 leuma, c. F. 
 Crye, or ^retc noysc among the 
 
 peple (in the people, p.) Tu- 
 
 multus. 
 Cryar, ho ))at cryethe yn. a mer- 
 
 ket, or in ateyre. Declaiaator, 
 
 preco, c. F. (^proclamator, p.) 
 Cryyn'. Clamo, vocifero. 
 Crybbe, or cracche, or manger 
 
 (cribbe or bose, 'k.)2 Prese- 
 
 pium, presepe. 
 Cryke of watyr. Scatera. 
 Crykke, sekenesse (or crampe, 
 
 H. p.) Spasmus, secundum 
 
 medicos, tetanus, UG. in teter. 
 Crykette. Salamandra, cril- 
 
 lus, COMM. (^grillus, p.) 
 
 Crympylle, or rympyUe. Ruga. 
 Crympled, or rympled. Rugatus. 
 Crymplyn', or rymplyn'. Hugo. 
 Crypylle (cripil, k. crepyll, p.) 
 
 QuadripUcator, cath. claudus, 
 
 contravtus. 
 Crysme (holy, p.) oyle, Ci'isma. 
 Cryspe, as here, or o))er lykc.s 
 
 Crispus, KYLW. 
 Cryspiieed, or cryspenesse. Cris- 
 
 pitudo, CATH. 
 
 Cryste (Criyst, xpc, k.) Cristus. 
 Crystalle, stone. CristaUiis. 
 Crystyndame.* Cristianitas, 
 
 Cristia n ismus. 
 Crystex manne or womanne. 
 
 Cristianus, Cristiana. 
 Croce of a byschope.' Pedum, 
 
 1 " Celeiima est clamor nauticus, vil vantus, ut heuylaw romylawe." ortus. See 
 hereafter halow, schypmannys crye. 
 
 2 In the Legenda Aurea the manger in which our Saviour was laid is termed a 
 crybbe or racke ; in the Wicliffite version it is called a cratche, Luke xi. 7. " Cratche 
 for horse or oxen, creche.''^ i'alsg. " Creicke, a cratch, rack, oxe-stall, or crib." 
 COTG. See Nares's Glossary, uooc, or boos, occurs previously. 
 
 3 " Cryspe as ones heer is that curleth, crf.«/;e, crespeleux.'' palsg. In the Cath. 
 Angl. is given " A crys])yngeyrene, actis, calamistrum.^' 
 
 4 Herman uses this word in the sense of the common term Christening; "I was 
 called Wyllyam at my Christendome, die lustrico.''' So likewise in the Cath. Angl. 
 "A crystendame, baptisynus, baptmna, Christianitas.'^ 
 
 ^ The pastoral staff with a curs'ed head, to which the appellation cleystaffe has been 
 given previously in the Proniptorium, was called croce, crosse, croclic, or crutch, words 
 derived from the French croce or croche. " Croce, littnis, ce tiom vintt de croc, pource 
 qu'tine croce est crochue.'" nicot. In Piers Ploughman's Vision, line .")08!», it is said 
 that Do-best " bereth a bisshopes crosse," with one extremity hooked : and at the con- 
 secration of a church, according to the Legenda Aurea, " the bysshop gooth all aboute 
 thre tymes, and at euery tymc thathecometh to that dore, heknocketh with his crosse," 
 in the Latin original, " bactilo jjastorali." Chaucer uses the word croce. " Crosse for a 
 bysshoppe, crosse." falsg. " I'edum, croche." ^'ocab. koy. ms. 17 C. xvii. 
 "" Cambuca, a crutchc." outcs. "A cruche, cambuca, pedum.''' cath. angl. A 
 costly " cruche " occurs in the Inventory taken at Fountains Abbey, and publislicd by 
 Burton. In Ang. Sax. cruce signifies both a cross and a crook, and from similarity of 
 sound between cross and croce, words perfectly distinct in their derivation, some con- 
 fusion of terms has arisen, especially as regards the usual acceptance of the word crosier, 
 which has been supposed to be incorrect. Crosier, however, properly signifies the pas- 
 toral staff, or croce, the incurved head of which was termed in French cronseroii, part 
 of the insignia of liishojts : thus in Brooke's Book of Precedents it appears, that at the
 
 104 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM- 
 
 KYLw. Dice, camhiica, c. f. 
 
 KYLW. crocea. 
 Crocere.1 Crociarius, camhti- 
 
 carius, crucifer, cath. peda- 
 
 rius, KYLW. cruciferarius. 
 Crochett of songe. Semimi- 
 
 nima (siinpla, p.) 
 Croke, or scheype hoke (crotche, 
 
 H. P. croche, w.) Pedum., c. F. 
 
 UG. camhuca {podium, p.) 
 Crokyd, or wronge. Curvus, 
 
 (^rejlexus, tortus, p.) 
 Crokyd (or lame, p.) supra in 
 
 CRYPYLLE (claudus, tortus, K.) 
 Crokyn', or makyh' wronge. 
 
 Curbo (curvo, K.) 
 
 Crokyn' (cromyn, k. h. p.) 
 
 Unco, CATH. (vinco, k.) 
 Crombe, or crome (crowmbe, p.)* 
 
 Bucus, c. F. (iinccns, k. p.) 
 
 arpax, c. f. 
 Cronycle, or cronykylle. Cro- 
 
 nica, historia. 
 Cronyclere. Cronicus, histo- 
 
 ricus, c. v .(Jiistoriagraphus, k.) 
 CKOP^,supra j/i CR AWE of a byrde. 
 
 i^Cahus, vesicula, k.)^ 
 Croppe of an erbe or tree.* 
 
 Cima, coma, capillamentum, 
 
 CATH. c. F. 
 
 Croppe of corne yn a yere (3ere, 
 K.) Annona. 
 
 marriage of Philip and Mary in 1554, the Bishops present had their " crosiers carried 
 before them.'' Lei. Coll. iv. 398. Fox says that Bonner, who was then Bishop of 
 London, at the degradation of Dr. Taylor in 1555, would not strike him with his 
 " crosier-stafF'' u)ion tlie breast, lest he should strike again. Minsheu says that 
 " croce is a shejiherd's crooke in our old English ; hence the staffe of a Bishop is called 
 the crocier or crosier.'' 
 
 1 " A croser, cruciferarius, crucifer,^' cath. ang. In the relation of the mar- 
 tyrdom of St. Thomas of Canterbury it is said that " one Syr Edward Gryme, that was 
 his croyser, put forthe his arme with the crosse to here of the stroke, and the stroke 
 smote the crosse on sender." Legenda Aur. At the first progress of Henry VIL after 
 his coronation, during the solemnities at York, the Archbishop's " suft'ragan was croyser, 
 and bar the Archebisshops crosse." Lei. Coll. iii. 192. It appears, however, by the 
 Promptorium, that the appellation crocere denoted also the bearer of a pastoral staff, 
 or crosier. In this sense Higins, in the version of Junius' Nomenclator, 1585, renders 
 " lituns, a crosier's staffe, or a Bishop's stafle." 
 
 - This word, signifying a staff with an hooked end, is still retained among the pro- 
 vincialisms of Norfolk and Suffolk, and is traced by Forby to the Belg. crom, uncus. 
 Tusser speaks of a " dung-crome," and Jamieson gives crummock, or crummie-staff, a 
 stick with a crooked head. Ang. Sax. crumb, curvus. 
 
 * Forby gives crop, as the name applied to the craw of a bird, Teut. krop, stomachus ; 
 according to Jamieson it signifies the same in N. Britain, and also the human stomach. 
 Ang. Sax. cropp, gutturis vasicnla. 
 
 '• " A croppe, cima.'''' cath. angl. Chaucer uses this word repeatedly, signifying 
 the topmost boughs ; so likewise Gower, alluding to the confused state of affairs in the 
 latter part of the reign of Richard II. says, 
 
 *' Nowe stante the croppe vnder the rote, 
 
 The world is chaunged ouerall." Conf. Am. Prologue. 
 
 Crap has the same signification in theNorth, as given by Jamieson. Ang. Sax. crop, cima.
 
 PRONrPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 105 
 
 Croppere, or crowpyn' (croper, 
 
 K. p.) Postela, subtela, cath. 
 Cropon' of a beste (croupe or 
 
 cropon, II. p.) Clwnis. 
 Crosse (cros, k. h.) Crux. 
 Crossydde. Crncesignntus. 
 Croppe of a tre or other lyke(crote 
 
 of a turfe, k. h. p.) Glehi- 
 
 cula, gfebtila, catii. glebella. 
 Crowde, instrument of musyke.' 
 
 Cho7'us. 
 Crowde, barowyr. Cenivectorium. 
 
 JVota supra ill barowe. 
 Crowde wythe a barow.' Cine- 
 
 vecto. 
 Crowdyn', or showen (xowyn, h. 
 
 sboue, p.) Impello. 
 Crowdynge, caryynge wythe a 
 
 barowe. Cenivectura. 
 Crowdynge, or schowynge. Pres- 
 
 sura, puhio. 
 Crowe, byrde. Corvus. 
 
 Crowefote, herbe. Amarusca, 
 
 vel amarusca emeroydarum^ 
 
 pes cnrvi. 
 Crowen, as cokkes. GaJUcanto. 
 Crowken, as cranes. Gruo. 
 Crowken, as todes, or frosshes 
 
 (froggis, p.)'' Coa,vo. 
 Crown E, or corowne. Corona. 
 Crownere, or corownere. Co- 
 
 ronator. 
 C(r)owper, supra in crowpon'. 
 Crowse, or cruse, potte (crowce, 
 
 or crwce, p.) Amula, c. F. 
 Curde (crudde, k. h. p.)* Co- 
 
 agulum. 
 Cruddyd. Coagulatiis. 
 Cruddyn'. Coagulo. 
 Cruel, man or beste. Crudelis, 
 
 severus, hnicidentus. 
 Cruel min(i)ster. Satelles, UG. 
 Cruelte. Crudelitas, scveritas. 
 Cruett.' Ampulla, j^Jiiola. 
 
 ' The crowde appears to have been a six-stringed instrument resembling a fiddle, 
 called in Wales crwth, and in Scotland cruit. Fortunatus, Bishop of Poitiers, who 
 wrote at the close of the Vlth century, enumerating tlie kinds of music peculiar to 
 different countries, uses this expression, " Chrotta Brilanna placet.'" Carni. lib, vii. 
 c. 8. In the Wicliffite version. Judges xi. 34 is thus rendered, " Forsol'C whanne 
 lepte turnede a3en — his oon gendrid doujter cam to him wih tympans and croudis." 
 The word occurs again, Luke xv. '25. " Coralla, a crowde. Coraldua, a crowdere." 
 Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. " A crowde, corvs, lira ; Corista, qui vel que canit in eo." 
 CATH. ANGL. " Croude, an instrument, rebecq. Croudar, iouevrde?-ebccq.'^ palsg. The 
 Englii-h interpretation of the Equivoca of Joh. de Garlandia gives " c/ioru.s, croutbe." 
 
 '■^ Of the barrow, called in the Romance of Sir Amiloun a " croude wain," and still 
 called in the Eastern Counties a crud-barrow, some notice has been taken under the 
 word BAROWE. The use of the verb occurs in the following passage, after the descrip- 
 tion of the leprous knight being placed in the barrow, 
 " Then Amoraunt crud Sir Amiloun 
 
 Thurch mani a cuntre vp and down." Amis and Amiloun, 
 
 Moore gives the verb to crowd as signifying in Suffolk to j)ush or shove. 
 
 3 This term, as well as several others of synonymous meaning, appear to be onoma- 
 
 topeias, and to be traced to their similarity of sound to the noise which they express. 
 
 The Medulla explains coa.r to be " vox ratiantui, croudynge of pndokys." Palsgrave 
 
 gives " to crowle, cro?//7/ec. My holy crowlctli, I wcne there be some padokes in it.'' 
 
 Horman says, " his bely maketh a great crowlynge, paiitur l/ot/iori/f/moii."' In N. 
 
 Britain to croud, according to Ruddiman, signifies the noise of frogs. See Jamieson. 
 
 * * "A.cniAi\e,/nit(!ucfa,c()a{/i//iiim.''' oath. angi.. "C'ruddesofmylkc, »jfl//e.«." palsg. 
 
 * The vessels which rontainod the wine and water for the service of the alt.nr were 
 
 CAM. sor. P
 
 106 
 
 PROMPTORIL'Nf PARVULORUM. 
 
 Crumme. Mica. 
 
 Crumm' brede, or o})er lyke (crum- 
 
 myn, k, h.) Mico. 
 Cruschylbone, or grystylbone 
 
 (crusshell, p.)'- Cartilago. 
 Cruschyx, or quaschyn'. Qiiasso. 
 Crusshyn' bonys. Ocillo, UG. 
 Cruskyn', or cruske, coop of erj;e.' 
 
 Cartesia. 
 Cruste. Crustum, ug. 
 
 Cu, halfe a farthynge, or q. (cue, 
 p.y Calcus, c. F. minutum, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 CuFFE, glove, or meteyne (mytten, 
 p.) Mitta (ciroteca, j.) 
 
 CuKKOw, byrde(cukhew,bryd, k.) 
 Cuculus. 
 
 CuKKYNGE, or pysyngG vesselle. 
 Scaphium, ug. in scando. 
 
 CuKSTOKE, for flyterys, or schy- 
 
 called cruets, ia Latin pkialce, urcenli, anmhtlcc, in French burettes, chennettes, &c. 
 The Constitutions of Waltei" de Cantilupe in 1240 require that in every church there 
 ehould be " duce phialce, una vinaria, altera aquaria ; " and at the Synod of Exeter in 
 1287 it was ordained that there should be " ires pkialce." Wilkins, Concil. i. 666, ii. 
 139. Among the costly bequests of the Black Prince in 1376 to our Lady's altar at 
 Canterbury, are mentioned '' deux cruet z taillez come deux angeles, pur servir cimesme 
 I'autier perpetzielement.'' Horman, under the head of things sacred, says, "Have 
 pure wyne and water in the cruettes, amulis.''^ 
 
 ' In Norfolk, according to Forby, crish or crush signifies cartilage, or soft bones, 
 and in Suffolk crussel or skrussel has a similar meaning. Ang. Sax. gristl-ban, 
 
 3 This term is derived from the old French word creusequin, which signifies a drink- 
 ing cup. In a MS. Inventory, dated 1378, 1 Ric. II. in the possession of Sir Thomas 
 Philli[)ps, are enumerated " tin petit cruskyn oue tepee et le couercle d'' argent enorre 
 et eym\ Un cruskyn de terre yarnis d'argent, &fc. Un pot d''argent hlanc au guyse 
 d'un cruskyn, oue le couercle sanz ponielle. Un cruskyn de terre couere de quir bende 
 en la sumete d^or et le couercle d'or." Among the " pertinencia promptuario,'" in 
 Vocab. Harl. MS. 1002, occur *' cornua, home cn^pe, picarius, cruskyn." 
 
 3 The smallest Anglo-Saxon coin was the etyca, of which two were equal to a far- 
 thing. Ruding observes that the stycas appear identical with the " minuta," Domesd. 
 i. f. 268, and the passage rendered in the Saxon Gospels, "twejen stycas,'' is in the 
 Wickliffite version, " tweie mynutis, that is a farthing.'' Mark, xii. 42. See mynutk 
 hereafter. In Buncombe's Hist, of Reculver is given a mortmayn grant, dated 13 
 Henry VI. 1435, in which half a farthing is named as a portion of rent paid to the 
 Hospital of Herbaldowne, namely, " xxv schelynges, and the halfin dell of an fferdyng 
 of rente, and rente ^eldynge of a quat' of berr', and an henne and a half, a certell (sar- 
 cella) and )'e iij parte of a certell," &c. Bibl. Top. i. 151. At the time ho\>rever that 
 the Proriiptorium was compiled it does not appear that there was actually a coin of 
 this value ; the mite, as well as its equivalent, called here a cu, were merely terms 
 retained in calculation, and the latter was commonly used at Oxford at a much later 
 period. It is thus explained by Minsheu, who completed his first edition in that 
 University. " A cue, i. halfe a farthing, so called because they set down in the 
 Battling or Butterie bookes in Oxford and Cambridge the letter q. for halfe a farthing, 
 and in Oxford when they make that cue or q. a farthing, they say, Cap my q. and make 
 it a fartliing, thus q". But in Candjridge they use thi.s letter, a little s. for a farthing, 
 and when they demand a farthing bread or beare, they say a seize of bread or beare. 
 Latin, calrus, a cue of bread." Tho abbreviation (j. did not, it plainly appears, always 
 stand as at present for qundrans, a fartliing, but denoted a value of only half that amount ; 
 and it seems possible that cue or q. may have been an abbreviation of " calcus, qvarta 
 pars oboli.'' ortus. The term cue occurs in Beaumont and Fletcher. See Nares's 
 Glossary,
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 107 
 
 derys (cukstoUe, k. cucstool, 
 H.)' Turbuscetum, cadurca. 
 Cullyn' owte. Segrego, fego, 
 separo (^eligo, K.) 
 
 CuLLYNGE, or owte schesynge 
 (owtclesyng, k. chesyng, h. 
 chosinge owte, p.) Separacio, 
 segregacio. 
 
 1 " Terbichetum, a cokstole." ortus. " Cokestole, cuckestole, selle a ricaldes." 
 PALSG. The earliest mention of this mode of punishing female offenders occurs in the 
 laws of Chester in the time of Edward the Confessor, as stated in Domesd. i. f. 262, b. 
 The fine for using false measures was fixed at 4 shillings ; " similiier ntalam cei'visiam 
 faciens, aut in cathedrd ponebatur stercoris, aut ii'j aol. dabat prepositis." It wa3 
 called in Ang. Sax. " scealfing-stol, sella urina/oria, in qud rixosa mulieres sedentes 
 aguis demergebaniw." somner. The pillory for male offenders, and cucking-stool for 
 females, were essentially appendant to the view of frank-pledge, or Leet : inquest was 
 ordered to be made respecting the sufficient provision of both, by the Stat, assigned to 
 51 Hen. III. c. 6; and among the " Capiiula Escaetrie," one of the duties of the 
 Escheator is declared to be inquiry ^' de pilloriis et iumbrellis sine licentid Regis le- 
 vaiis.'^ Stat, of Realm, i. 201, 240. It was termed, perhaps from its resemblance to a 
 warlike engine so called, trebuchet, or trebnchetum. See hereafter trf.bget for werre. 
 By Bracton it is spoken of as tymborella, and in the Statutes tumbrellus, appellations 
 likewise derived from its construction. An instance of the jealousy with which any un- 
 authorized assunaption of this manorial right of punishment was repressed, occurs in 
 the Chron. of Jocelin de Brakelond, p. 38, where it is related that about 1190 certain 
 encroachments were made on the privileges of the Abbot of St. Edmund's Bury, in the 
 manor of Illegh ; " levaverunt homines delllega quoddam trebuchet ad faciendamjusti. 
 clam prufalsis mensuris panis vel bladi 7nensurandi, unde conquestns est abbas." This 
 punishment was chiefly inflicted in early times on brewers, who are spoken of always as 
 females, for any transgression of the assize of ale, " Braciatrix {paciatur) trebuchet urn 
 re/ cas^j^a^or/MW ;" in Scotland it was used in like manner. Stat, of Realm, i. 201, 
 and Skene's Reg. Majest. It became subsequently the punishment of scolds, and 
 women of immoral or disorderly life ; thus in the town of Montgomery such offenders 
 were adjudged to suffer the penalty " de la Goging-stoole," as appears by a MS. cited 
 in Blount's Tenures ; in the Leet Book of Coventry mention occurs in 1423, of the 
 '•cokestowle made apon Chelsmore grene to punysche skolders and chidders, as y" law 
 wyll : " and items of account are found so late as 1623, which show that the punish- 
 ment still continued to be used in that city. Of the "coke-stool " at Norwich, which 
 was to be provided by the gild of St. George, see Blomf. Hist. ii. 739 ; an account of 
 expenses connected with another at Kingston-on-Thames is given in Lysons's Env. 
 i. 233 ; and in Lord Braybrooke's Hist, of Audley End, p. 261 , are mentioned payments 
 so late as the year 1613, at Saffron Walden, where the scene of such punishments at the 
 end of the High Street is spoken of in 1484 as the " cokstul hend.' In 1555 .Mary 
 Queen of Scots enacted that itinerant singing women should be put on the cuckstoles 
 of every burgh or town ; and the first Homily against contention, part 3, published in 
 1562, sets forth that " in all well ordred cities common brawlers and scolders be pun- 
 ished with a notable kind of paine, as to be set on the cucking-stole, pillory, or such 
 like." An original cucking-stool, of ancient and rude construction, was preserved in 
 the crypt under the chancel of St. Mary's, Warwick, where iiiay still be seen the three- 
 wheeled carriage upon which was suspended by a long balanced pole a chair which could 
 readily be lowered into the water, when the cumbrous vehicle had been rolled into a 
 convenient situation. This chair is still in existence at Warwick. Another cucking- 
 stool, differently contrived, may be seen at Ipswich in the Custom House ; it appears 
 to have been used by means of a sort of a crane, whereby the victim was slung into 
 the river, and is represented in the Hist, of Ipswich, published 1830, and Gent. Mag. 
 Jan. 1831. More detailed information on this curious subject will be found in the
 
 108 
 
 PROiMPTORIUM PARVULORUM, 
 
 CuLME of a smeke (of smeke, 
 
 H. p.) Fuligo. 
 (CuLPOWN, K. culpyn, h. p.)' 
 
 Cidpum, scissura. 
 CuLRACHE, smerthole, herbe (cul- 
 
 ratche, ii, p.)- Persiccaria. 
 (CuLTER'for a plowe, p. Culfrum.') 
 Cum, or come (cvmnj'n, k. cvmne, 
 
 II.) Venio. 
 CuiM AFTER,orfolow(cvmTiynaftyr, 
 
 K. cvmne, ii.) Succedo, sequor. 
 Cum downe. Descendo. 
 CvM YN. Tngredior, introeo. 
 Cvm' too. Advenio. 
 CuMLY (or semelvj p.) supra in 
 
 COMELY. 
 
 CoMLY, or cumlywyse. Decenier, 
 
 (CuMLiNGE, or newe come, k. p.^ 
 
 Adventicius, UG. inguilinus.) 
 
 (COMMAWNDEMENT, K.H.F.MaU- 
 
 datum, preceptum.^ 
 
 CUMNAWNTE (comiiawilt. K. CU- 
 
 naunt, p.)* Pactum, fedusy 
 
 convencio. 
 (CuMNAWNTEbrekere, k. Pidi- 
 
 fragus.^ 
 Cumnawxtyn', or make a cum- 
 
 nawnte. Convenio., pango. 
 CuMPANY. Comitiva, agmen, 
 
 turha, turma, conturhernium, 
 
 cetus (^conve7itictilum, proprie 
 
 malorum, p.) 
 
 Glossaries of Ducange, Spelman, Blount, and Cowel ; as also in Brand's Popular Antiqu. 
 ii. 441. The term tlyterys, here applied to contentious persons, does not occur again 
 in the Pron)ptoriuin. but only the verb flytin or chydiii. See hereafter kukstole. 
 
 ' Culpon, derived from the Latin colpo, or the French coupon, a shred, or any por- 
 tion cut off, is a term not uncommon in the early romances. 
 
 *' Al to peces thai hewed thair sheldes, 
 
 The culpons flegh out in the feldes." Ywaine and Gawin, 641. 
 lloveden, sj)eaking of the livery allowed to tlie King of Scotland at the court of King 
 Richard in 1194, says he had " 40 t/rosKOs longos colpones de dominicd candeld Rer/is." 
 Chaucer says of the long hair of the Pardoner, which hung " by vnces " on his shoulders, 
 " Full thinne it laie, by culpons one and one." Cant. Tales, Prologue. 
 
 ' Culpon that troute " is given as the proper term of the art, in the " Boke of 
 Kerving," I.jOS. " Culpit, a large lump of any thing." forby. 
 
 2 The Persicaria hydropiper, Linn, was called culrage, from the French, " curage, 
 mirage, the hearbe water-pepper, arse-smart, killridge or culerage." cotgr. Its 
 aj)hrodisiac properties are thus alluded to by Piers of Fulham, 
 
 " An erbe is cause of all this rage 
 
 In our tongue called culrage." Ilartshorne, Melr. Tales, 133. 
 
 3 See COMELYNGE. Sir Ywaine, when he had long time left the lady whom he had 
 espoused in a foreign land, is called by her messenger, " an unkind cumlyng." Ywaine 
 and Gawin, 1627. " Komelynge " occurs in Rob. of Gloucester ; "comlyng," R. Brunne. 
 
 ■' Cumnawnte or comenaunt are perhaps corruptions of the French cotirenaut. In 
 Sir John Howard's Household IJook, entries frequently occur of agreements made with 
 domestics or artificers, always exjiressed by the term comenaunt. In 1464 his steward 
 made the following note : " My master ma<le comenaunt at Fressefeld with .... 
 Carpenter, y' lie sc-halle be wyth hym this xii monyth, and lie shalle have in niony xxx,v. 
 and a gowne, and his comenaunt begynnith the iiii. yer of the Kynge, and the ne.xt 
 Monday before myhelmesse." Household Expenses in England, presented to the Rox- 
 burglie Club by B. Botfield, Esq. Palsgrave gives " coninant, appoyntmcnt, convennnt. 
 To c imnaunt, conuenancer ; that that I comnaunt with you shall be jiarfourmed." 
 Compare breke cuuenant above, p. 50, in which instance, if the correct reading he
 
 PROiMPTOKIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 109 
 
 CoMPANYABLE, or felawble, or 
 
 felawly. Socialis. 
 (Cum PAS, or sercle, p. Giriis.) 
 Cum PASSE, instrument. Circi- 
 
 nus, circulus, machina. 
 CuMPASSYN'(cvmpac}'n, k.) Cir- 
 
 cino. 
 CuMPLYNE.' Completorium. 
 CuNDYTE of watyr. Conductus, 
 
 aqueductus, oquagium, c. F. 
 CuNE, or money (coyne of mony, 
 
 K.) Nummismn, assarium, c. f . 
 CuNNE, or to haue cunnynge (cun, 
 
 supra in cone, p.) Scio. 
 (Cunnynge, k. p. Sciencia,) 
 CuNGE, or yeve leve (cungyfi, or 
 
 zeue leue, k. h. p.)^ Licencio. 
 
 CuNGYR, fysche. Congrus, comm. 
 Coniuryn', or cuniowryh'. Con- 
 
 j'ltro, adjuro, exorcizo. 
 CuNiUKYD, or con(iu)ryd. Con- 
 
 juratus. 
 CuNiuRYNGE, or coniurynge. 
 
 Conjuracio. 
 C UNSTABLE. Coristcihularius. 
 CuNTENAWNCE (or chere, p.) 
 
 Vultus. 
 CuNTUE. Patria. 
 CoNTREMANN, or womann'. 
 
 Compatriota (patriofa, k. p.) 
 CuPPE. Ciphus, patera, cuppa. 
 (CuppE of erthe, p. Carthe- 
 
 sia.y 
 CuPBURDE.3 Abacus, c. F. 
 
 7n 
 
 conuenant, it will accord perfectly with the French word. In the Romance of Sir 
 Amadas, " conande " occurs in the sense of a covenant : 
 
 " The conande was gud and fynne." Weber, Metr. Rom. line TOO. 
 In Mr. Robson's edition the word is printed " couand," possibly a contraction of 
 " couenand," which is found in the context. See stanzas 63, 64, the Anturs of Arther, 
 St. 10", and Avowynge of King Arther, s. 38, where occurs the same word " couand." 
 
 ' Compline, called in Latin Completorium. completa, or compleuda, " quod ccetera 
 dim-na officio complet et claudit,''' dug. is the service with which in monastic estab- 
 lishments the day closed, after which, by the rule of St. Benedict, all converse was 
 forbidden. It was called in Ang. Sax. uiht-sang, xiespertina caiitio, completorium, and 
 Abbot yl^lfric speaks of it in his pastoral Epistle translated from Latin into the lan- 
 guage of England, by order, as he states, of Abp. Wulstan. The seven canonical hours, 
 that the four synods had appointed for daily services of praise to God, are in this 
 epistle stated to be matins with the after song appertaining tiiereto, prime, tierce, sext, 
 none, vespers and compline (niht-sang). Ancient Laws and Institutes, ii. 377. See 
 also the Regularis concordia Angl. nationis monachorum. Amalarius says, " comple- 
 torium ideo dicihtr quia in eo completur quotidianus umts cibi vet poius, seu locufio 
 communis.'' De Eccl. Offic. lib. iv. c. 8. The hour of compline is stated by Fuller, 
 in his Churcii History, B. vi. '278, to have been at 7 o'clock, but in Davies" rites of 
 the Church of Durham, it is fixed at an earlier hour. 
 
 - Cl'nte, MS. The verb cungyn is evidently derived from the low Latin congeare, 
 and French ctmgeer, signifying to send away, to give license to depart. 
 
 3 In the Commentary on the Equiv. Vocab. Interpret, of Job de Garlandia nfiaci/s is 
 explained to be the marble table whereon, in the feasts of the ancients, the cups were 
 placed, " upud ttioderuos Jit de alii)/ lapidiljus, sire de liffrtis arlificiose conjunctis, ei 
 vacatur a cupborde." The cujiboard was, in the more common sense of the word, an 
 open buffet, whereon a rich display of plate was made, such as Hall and other chron- 
 iclers describe frequently. It was also sometimes closed with doors, as usual at the 
 present time ; such as in tlie will of Klizabeth Drury, in 1I7"), is culled a " cupbord 
 with two almeries." Rokewode's Hund. of Tliingoe, '2H4. Tlic livery cupboard, often 
 mentioned in accounts and ordinances of household, was ojn-n, and furnished wiih
 
 110 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Currayyn' horsys, or o|>er lyke. 
 
 Strigillo. 
 Currayyn' ledyr. Cociodio, 
 
 KYLW. {corradio, p.) 
 CuRSER, or cow(r)ser. Equus 
 
 caballus. 
 Curate. Curatus. 
 Cure, or charge. Cava. 
 
 CuRFu.' Ignitegium. 
 Curyn', or hyllyn' (cuueren, w.) 
 Operio, cooper if), tego, vela, 
 
 CATH, 
 
 Curyn', or heelyii' of seekenesse 
 (holyn, K. H.) Sano, euro. 
 
 CuvERYNGE, or hyllynge, or 
 thynge |;at hyllythe (curyng, 
 
 shelves, whereon the ration called a livery, allowed to each member of the household 
 was placed ; and in well ordered families every dormitory appears to have been supplied 
 nightly with a substantial provision. In the contract for building Hengrave Hail, in 
 1538, is the following clause ; " the hall to have ii. coberds, one benethe at the sper 
 (screen) with a tremor, and another at the hygher tables ende without doors." Pals- 
 grave gives " cupborde of plate, or to sette plate upon, buffet: cupborde to putte meate 
 in, dressoiier. INIethinke my cupborde is ungarnysshed, nowe I wante my salte celler." 
 Cotgrave renders " 5?/^e/, a court-cupboard, or high standing cupboard ; also a cup- 
 board of plate. Dres.soir, a court cupboord (without box or drawer)." 
 
 ' The origin of the curfew in England is generally ascribed to the Conqueror, by 
 whom it was imposed in token of servitude, but the assertion seems to rest oa no suf- 
 ficient authority, and no mention of the usage occurs in the Stat, de nocturnis custodiis. 
 Ancient Laws and Instit. i. 491. Dr. Henry observes that the custom prevailed, 
 at the time of the Conquest, in France, and probably in all the countries of Europe, 
 and was intended merely as a precaution against fires, at a time when cities were con- 
 structed chiefly of wood. It has been stated also that the custom was abolished by 
 Henry II. The Statutes of the City of London, 13 Edw. I. enjoin that no one shall 
 be found in the streets " apres coeverfu persorie a Seint Martyu le grantif." Stat, of 
 Realm, i. 102. Couvre feu, or carfou in France was rung at 7 in the evening, but in 
 some places at a later hour in summer, and there was also a bell at daybreak. See 
 Pasquier, iv. 18, and Menage. In England the hour of ringing the curfew was eight, 
 Wats, however, gives nine as the hour in summer ; that hour is so named in " the 
 Merry Devil of Edmonton," and it was the customary time in Scotland, as appears 
 by Act Pari. 13 James I. 1419, but subsequently was altered to ten. The usage of the 
 curfew is still retained in the Universities, and many towns and villages in England, as 
 is likewise the custom of ringing a bell at day-break, or four o'clock. At Lynn, where 
 the Promptorium was compiled, the largest bell of the jirincipal churches is still tolled 
 at si.x, both morning and evening, and serves as a signal to labourers and artizans. The 
 salntatio amjelica, commonly called the anyelus, was recited daily morning and evening, 
 " ad pulxationem if/nitei/ii,^' an institution ascribed to St. Bonaventure, but more 
 probably, as Ducange observes, to Pojie John XXII. at the Council of Sens, 1320. 
 In the Statutes of Lichfield Cathedral, it is ordered as follows: '' Kst autem igiiite- 
 yium qudlibct nnnte per annum puhandnm. hord septimd post meridiem, exceptix illis 
 festis qnihus inatulinii; dicunlur pont cmnpletoriuin.'''' In the Institutions of Guarin, 
 Abbot of St. Alban's, who died 1195, the curfew is called pyri/er/i urn. Matt. Paris. The 
 Medulla renders " iffnitrt/htm, a coure feu,'' in the Ortus ''a fyrepanne,'' alluding 
 perhaps to such an implement for extinguishing the fire, as is represented in Antiqu. 
 Repert. i. 89, and which was afterwards in the possession of Horace \\'al])ole at Straw- 
 berry Hill. " Courefewe, a ryngyng of belles towarde euenyng, couurefev." palso. 
 In the Romance of the Seuyn Sages the word is repeatedly written " corfour bell." 
 Vlth Tale. " Curfnr, if/nilef/inm.'' cath. angl. See curfure in Jamieson. Spelman 
 gives the Ang. Sax. curfu-bell, but it is not found in Lye. See further on this subject 
 Brand's Pojiular Antiqu. ii. KUi, and Barrington on the Anc. Stat. 133.
 
 PROM PTO RUM HAHVUl.ORUM. 
 
 Ill 
 
 K. H.) Operculum, velamentum, 
 
 velamen, tegimen. 
 CuRYNGE, or heelynge of seke- 
 
 nesse. Curacio, sanaciu. 
 CuRYNGE, or recurynge of seke- 
 
 nesse. Cunvalescencia, 
 CuRLYD, as here. Crispus. 
 CuRLYNGE of here. Crispitudo. 
 Curlew, byrde. Coturnuv, or- 
 
 togameter., ortogametra, c. F. 
 CuRCE. E.vcommunicatio, ana- 
 thema, mulecUctio. 
 (CuRSYD, K. Excommunicatus, 
 
 maledictus.) 
 Cursyn'. Excommunico, ana- 
 
 thematizo, cateziso, maledico. 
 
 CURTEYSE 
 
 curialis. 
 
 Curtesy. 
 
 Facetus, urbanus, 
 Facecia, urhanitas, 
 
 cioialita^. 
 CuRTEYNE. Ciirtina. 
 Curt L AGE, or gardeyn'. Olera- 
 
 rium, curtilagium,. 
 Cus,or kysse. Oscuhim, basitim,c. F. 
 CuscHONE (cusshyn, p.) Cus- 
 
 cina, supinum. 
 CusTU.M, or vse. Consuetudo, ritus. 
 CusTUM, kyngys dute. Custuma, 
 
 (usucaptio, p.) 
 
 CUSTUMABLE. SoUtuS, COUSHetUS. 
 
 CuSTUMABLY. CoHsuete, solite. 
 CusTUMMERE. Custumarius, usu- 
 
 captor, c. F. consuetudinarius. 
 CuTTE a-sundere. Scissus. 
 Cut, or lote. Sors. 
 Cuttyn' (cutte, or cutton, p.) 
 
 Scindo, seco, cath. 
 C utt y yn' a-way. Abscindo, reseco, 
 
 amputo. 
 Cutte vynes. Puto, c. f. 
 Cuttynge of vynys. Putacio. 
 CuTTYNGE. Scissura. 
 Cuttynge, or a-voydaunce yn any 
 
 materyalle thynge, (mater', p.) 
 
 or refuse. Resecam,en, putamen. 
 Cuttpurs. Burscida, et inde 
 
 burscidium, actus ejus, cucufri- 
 
 dramus. 
 (Cut pursinge, p. JBwcidium.) 
 
 Daffe, or dastardj or he }>at 
 
 spekythe not yn tyTiie.' Oii- 
 
 durus, cath. 
 Daggare, to steke wythe men'. 
 
 Pugio (clunabulum, armicu- 
 
 dium, p.) 
 Dagge of clothe. Ftactillus, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Daggyde.'' Fractillosus. 
 
 • This term of reproach occurs in Piers Ploughman and Chaucer, 
 " Thou dotest daffe, quod she, dulle are thy wittes." 
 Chaucer uses the expressions, " a daffe, or a cokenay,'' in a similar sense, and "be- 
 daS"ed," made a fool of, 
 
 " Beth not bedaff"ed for your innocence." Clerkes Tale. 
 In the " seconde fyt of curtasie " occurs the following advice : 
 
 " liPt not J>e post be-cum I'y staf. 
 Lest i?')a be ciillet a dotet daf." Sloane MS. 1986, f. 28, b. 
 
 2 Draggyde, MS. daggyd, k. :v Chaucer, among the costly fashions of tlie reign of 
 Richard II. which are satirized in the I\tsou's Tale, speaks of " pounsed and dagged 
 clothing; " this cvistom of jagging or foliating the edge of a garment had commenced 
 in the previous reign, and is curiously represented in the History of the Deposition of
 
 il:> 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVUr,ORU\r. 
 
 Daggyn'. Fifictillo. 
 
 DAGGySWEYNE.'Zorf/.r,CATH.C.F. 
 
 Day. Dies. 
 
 Day be day, or ouery day (oi* 
 daily, or euery day, p.) Quo- 
 tidie. 
 
 D A yyn', or wexyn day (dawyn, k.)'^ 
 Diesco. 
 
 Days rawarde or hyre, or oj)er 
 lyke. Diarium, c. f. 
 
 Daysy', flowre. ConsoUda mi- 
 nor, et major dicitur confery 
 (cownfery, k.) 
 
 Dale, or vale. Vallis. 
 
 Dayly, or pley (daly, K. p.)^ 
 
 Tessura, c. f. (^alea, decius, K.) 
 Dalyaunce. Confabulacio, col- 
 
 locucio, colloquium. 
 Dal yyn', or talkyn'. Fahulor, 
 
 confahidor, colloquor. 
 D A L K E.* Vallis (supr'a in dale, p.) 
 Dallyn, or hallosyn (halsyn, k.) 
 
 Amplector. 
 Dallynge, or halsynge. Am- 
 
 ple.vus. 
 (Dalmatyk, k. p.)5 Dahnatica. 
 
 Richard, Harl. MS. 1319. Archseologia, vol. xx. Chaucer uses also the diminutive 
 dagon ; thus in the Sompnoures Tale the importunate Friar, vpho went from house to 
 house to collect anything he could lay hands upon, craves "a dagon of your blanket, 
 leve dame." Ang. Sax. " daj;, anything that is loose, dagling, dangling." somn. 
 
 ' A bed-covering, or a garment formed of frize, or some material v?ith long thrums 
 like a carpet, was termed a daggysweyne; lodix is explained in the Ortus to be " quiC' 
 quid in lecto supponitur, et projrrie pannusvillosus, Aiiglice a blanket." Hormansays, 
 '' my bed is covered with a daggeswaine and a quylte {gausape et centone) some dags- 
 ■waynys haue longe thrumys {fractillosj and iagg^ on bothe sydes, some but on one." So 
 likewise Elyot gives " Gausape, a mantell to caste on a bed, also a carpet to lay on a 
 table, some cal it a dagswayne." Andrew Borde, in the Introduction of Knowledge, 
 1542, puts the following speech in the mouths of the Frycelanders : 
 " And symple rayment doth serue us full well, 
 With dagswaynes and roudges we be content." 
 Harrison relates in the description of England, written in Essex during the reign of 
 Elizabeth, that the old men in his village used to say, " our fathers (yea and we our 
 selues also) haue lien full oft vpon straw pallets, on rough mats couered onelie with a 
 sheet under couerlets made of dagswain, or hopharlots (I vse their owne termes) and a 
 good round log vnder their heads instecd of a bolster." Holinshed, Chron. i. 188. 
 
 2 " Thedayng of day," Anturs of Arther, edited by Mr. Robson, st. 37- See dawyn. 
 
 3 The Council of Worcester, in 1240, ordained regarding the Clergy, "nee ludant 
 ad aleas vel ta.rillos ;''^ the \aiteT game was probably the same which is here termed 
 DAYLV, but in what respect it differed from ordinary dice-play has not been ascer- 
 tained. Ducange supposes it may have been the same as the French " trictrac, ludus 
 scrupnlorurn." Herman says that " men plcy with 3 dice, and children with 4 dalies, 
 astragulis vet talis. Wolde God I coude nat playe at the dalys, aleam. Cutte this 
 flesshe into dalcys, tessellas.'^ 
 
 * Delk, according to Forby, signifies in Norfolk a small cavity either in the soil, or 
 the flesh of the body. In this last sense the gloss on Gautier de iJibelesworth inter- 
 prets the expression " a?« cool troueret lafosset, a dalke in Jjc nekke." Arund. MS. 
 220, f. 297 , b. 
 
 ^ The dalmatic is a sacred vestment, so named, according to St. Isidore, from its having 
 originated in Ualmatia, and was introduced into the C'hristian church by St. Silvester, 
 P.P. in the 4th century, as stated by Alcuin, who describes it as "rw/zwcn/t^rw ?w wJorf»/m 
 criicif, liaben.i in sinislrA sii^i parte fiiiit/riax, de:rlrA iin carente, inconsntite, et cum
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 113 
 
 Dame, ov hye bankys (dam or 
 heybanck. k.) Agger (stag- 
 num, K. p.) 
 
 Damage, or harme. Dampnum. 
 
 Damasyn', tre. NLva. 
 
 Damasyn', frute. Pruninn Da- 
 mascenwn, coquinella. 
 
 (Dame, k. p. Domina.) 
 
 Dames ELL E. Domicella. 
 
 Dampnacyone. Dampnacio. 
 
 Dampnyd. Dampnatus. 
 Dampnynge, idem est quod 
 
 dampnacio. 
 Damxyn'. Dampno, condempno. 
 Dapyr, or praty.' Elegans. 
 Daryn', or drowpyii', or prively to 
 
 be hydde (priuyly to hydyn, K. 
 
 prevyly ben hyd, H.)' Latito, 
 
 lateo, cath. 
 Daryxge, or drowpjTige (drou- 
 
 largis manicis '" It was specially appropriated to the deacon, who was vested there- 
 with at the time of his orJiuation, and therefore St. Stephen and St. Laurence, who 
 were deacons of the Church, are always represented as wearing this vesture. A very 
 interesting portraiture of the former will be found in a MS. of Xlth cent. Calig. A. 
 XIV. In early times the dalmatic was ornamented with longitudinal bands, called 
 clavi, which were either of gold, as in the illumination just mentioned, or purple ; 
 " Dalmata, iwsitis sacerdutalis Candida cum clavis j^urpureis.''' Gloss. S. Isid. Orig. 
 Hence the epithets auroclavus, chrysoclavus, and purpurcl clavatus. To these bands 
 were attached at intervals the. playzdai, as exhibited in the illumination of the Bible of 
 Charles the Bald at Paris, executed in the IXth century, engraved in Montfaucoa 
 Mon. Franc, torn, i, and the splendid work published by the Comte Bastard. See also 
 the curious German Missal, Xth cent. Harl. MS. 2908, and the illumination in Cott. 
 MS. Claud. A. iii. supposed to represent St. Dunstan. In the Ang. Sax. Inventory 
 of sacred ornaments given by Bp. Leofric to the church of Exeter about A.D. 1050, 
 occur " 2 dalmatica, 3 pistel roccas." Mon. Angl. i. 222. These last were probably 
 tunicles, vestments appropriated to the order of subdeacon, as was the dalmatic to that 
 of deacon ; in effigies and representations that exist in England of ecclesiastics in pon- 
 tificalibus, both vestments are almost invariably exhibited. The Legate Ottoboni or- 
 dained, A.D. 1268, that if any Prelate neglected to punish the immoral conduct of his 
 clergy, " Episcopus a dalmatica, ttiniccp, et sandaliorum usu sit suspensus donee 
 duxerit qua utatuta sunt exequenda.'" Wilkins, Cone. xi. 5. 
 
 ' Drapyr, or party, MS. dapyr, or praty, k. p. Palsgrave gives " daper, proper, 
 mignon, godin ; da|)yrnesse, propernesse, mignofterie.''' 
 
 2 A very usual sense of the verb to dare, in the old writers, is to gaze about, or stare ; 
 Palsgrave gives " to dare, prye or loke about me, je advise alentour. What darest 
 thou on this facyon, me thynketh thou woldest catche larkes ? '' 
 
 " With woodecokkys lerne for to dare." Lydgate, Minor Poems, 174. 
 
 The same signification has been assigned, by Tyrwhitt and the commentators on 
 Chaucer, to an expression occurring in the Shipman's Tale, the true import of which 
 appears above to be made clear. Dan John rallies the old merchant's wife on the slug- 
 gishness of her spouse : 
 
 "an olde appalled wight, 
 
 As ben thise wedded men, that lie and dare, 
 
 As in a fourme sitteth a wery hare." 
 
 Chaucer appears evidently here to use dare in the sense given to the word in the Promp- 
 torium of lying concealed, as an animal in its den, which is termed hereafttr dwf.re, 
 or dowere. " Dilatesco, to bigiuuc to dare. Lateo, to lurk." med. Cotgrave gives 
 " blotir, to squat, ly close to the ground, like a daring larke, or affrighted fowle." 
 CAMD. .SOC. (i
 
 114 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 kynge, h. droukinge, p.) Lici- 
 
 tacio {latitatio, k. h. p.) 
 Darte. Jaculum, telum, spicu- 
 
 lum (spilum, p.) 
 Darn, or dui*n (darun, daren, or 
 
 dom, p.) Audeo. 
 Das YD, or be-dasyd. Vertiginosiis. 
 Dasmyn', or messen as eyys (da- 
 
 sjTi, or myssyn as eyne, h. 
 
 iyen, p.)' Ccdigo. 
 Dastard, or duUarde.'^ Duri- 
 
 buctius (yel duribuccus, p.) 
 Date, frute. Dactilus. 
 Date, of scripture. Datum. 
 Dawber, or cleymann'. Argil- 
 
 larius, bituminarius, kylvv. 
 
 Unitor (liitor, p.) 
 Dawbyn'.^ Limoi tnuro {hanni- 
 
 no, p ) 
 Dawnxe. Tripudium. 
 
 Dawnce yn a sorte (in sercle, p. 
 
 cercle, h.) Chorea. 
 Dawncere. Tripudiator, tri- 
 
 pudiatrLv. 
 Dawnceledere. Coralles. 
 Dawncynge, idem est quod 
 
 DAWNCE. 
 
 Dawncynge pype. Carola. 
 Dawncyn'. Tripudio, salto. 
 Daunge(r), or grete passage 
 
 (dawnger, k. or streyte passage, 
 
 p.) Arta via. 
 (Dawngere, k. daunger', p. 
 
 Domigerium.^ 
 Dawngerowse (or strauge, p.) 
 
 Daungerosiis (^domigeriosus, 
 
 K. p.) 
 Dawyn', idem est quod dayyn' 
 
 (dawnyn or dayen, p.)* Aurora, 
 
 cath. 
 
 ' The derivation of this word appears, according to Skinner and Junius, to be from 
 Ang. Sax. dwaes, Aeies, stultus ; the Teut. daesen, insanire, phantasmate turbari is 
 more closely assimilated to it. In the Wicliffite version Gen. xxvii. 1 is rendered 
 thus: " Foresothe Isaac wax eld, and hise i^en dasewiden." The word is repeatedly 
 used by Chaucer. 
 
 " Thin eyen dasen, sothly as me thinketli." Manciple's Pro!. 
 
 2 " Duribuccus, )>atn eueropenel>his moul', a dasiberde." med. " A daysyberd, duri- 
 buccus.^' OATH. ANGL. " Dastarde, es/oMrrfy, itt^arm." PALSG. SeeoAFFE and dul- 
 
 LARDE. 
 
 3 Palsgrave gives the verbs "to dawbe with clay onely; to daube with lime, plaster, 
 or lome, that is tempered with heare or straw. Dsiuher, placquenr.'' Forby states that 
 a dauber in Norfolk is a builder of walls with clay or mud, mixed with stubble or short 
 straw well beaten and incorporated, and so becoming pretty durable ; it is now difficult 
 to find a good dauber. This mode of constructing fences for farm-yards and cottage 
 walls is much used in Suffolk, as appears by Sir John Cullum's account of the process, 
 Hist, of Hawsted, 195, and Moore's explanation of the term " daabing." The proverb 
 given by Ray, " there's craft in dawbing " would make it appear that this mode of 
 construction was once more generally known ; in the western counties it is still in con- 
 tinual use, being known by the appellations cob, or rad and dab, a curious article on 
 which, and on the use of concrete in building generally, will be found in Quart. Rev. 
 vol. Iviii., 524. 
 
 4 " To dawe, diere, diescere, diet, impersonate." oath. angl. Tkis verb is used 
 by Chaucer : 
 
 " Thus laboureth he, till that the day gan dawe." Marchant's Tale. 
 
 Palsgrave gives " to dawe as the day dothe, adjourner, I'aiihe se crifve. To dawe from
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORU.Nf. 
 
 llo 
 
 Dawnynge of the day. Ante- 
 lucanum, c. f. mer. ante luca- 
 nus, qui surgit ante lucem, c. F. 
 
 UG. 
 
 Dawntyn', supra in chersyn'.' 
 Daw(n)tynge, or grete cher- 
 
 synge (dauntinge, or greate 
 
 cherisshinge, p.) Focio, cath. 
 DEBATE.Z)menao, sedicio, cath. 
 Debate maker, or baratour." 
 
 Incentor, cath. 
 Deceyte, or begylynge. Fravs, 
 
 decepcio, dolus, meander, c. f. 
 Deceyuable (deceywabyi, k.) 
 
 Decepto rius, fraudu len tus, fa l- 
 
 lax. 
 T>^CY.WAR.Fraudator,tiptes,c.v. 
 Deceyvyn'. Decipio, fraudo, 
 
 de.fraudo, fallo {supplanto, p.) 
 Dede, or detiie, substantyue. 
 
 Mors, letian, interitus. 
 Dede, adiectyue. Jlortuus, de- 
 functus. 
 
 Dede, or werke. Factum (ciccio, 
 
 Dedely. Mortalis. 
 Dedely. 3Iortaliter, letaliter. 
 Dedely exmy. Hosticus, c. f. 
 Dedelynesse. Mortalitas. 
 Dyffamyn' (or defamyn, p.) 
 
 Defamo, dlffamo, cath. 
 Deffe. Surdus. 
 Defawte. Defect us. 
 Defawty. Defectivus. 
 Defence. Defencio, tuicio, ?hm- 
 
 nimen, munimentum, tutela- 
 Defexsyn'. Defensn, mttnio. 
 Defensowre (defeiidour, k. p.) 
 
 Defensor. 
 Defendyn'. Defendo, tego, jiro- 
 
 tego, tuto, tutor, tueor, cath. 
 Defendyn', or forbedyn'. Pro- 
 
 hibeo, inhiheo. 
 Defyyx' (or broken, p.) mete or 
 
 drjTike.3 Digero. 
 Dyffyyn', or Ttterly dyspysyn'. 
 
 swounyng ; when a dronken man swouneth, there is no better medecyne to dawe hym 
 with, than to throwe maluesy in hys face. To dawne or get lyfe in one that is fallen in 
 a swoune ; I can nat dawne hym, get me a kaye to open his chawes." Compare d ayyn, 
 or wexyn day. Ang. Sax. dagian, lucescere. 
 
 ' Dawncyn', MS. "To dawnte, l^laridiiractare." cath. angl. In N. Britain to 
 dawt has the same signification. See Jamieson. In the vision of Piers Ploughman to 
 daunt appears to mean to tame by kind treatment ; the allusion is to the dove which 
 was trained by Mahomet to come to his ear for her food. 
 " Thorugh his sotile wittes 
 
 He daunted a dowve.'' Vision, line 1042. 
 
 In Norfolk to daunt is used in the sense of knocking down, Fr. dnmpter, as by Pals- 
 grave, " To ilawnte, mate, overcome, _/e matte. Lydgat. This terme is yet scarsly 
 admitted in our comen spetche." 
 
 - See BARATOWRK. In " the Charge of the Quest of Warmot in cucry Warde," 
 given by Arnold, in the Customs of London, p. 90, inquiry is ordered to be made " yf 
 ther be ony coinon ryator, barratur, &c. dwelling wythin the warde." The term is 
 taken from the French, baraieur, in low Latin, harattrriiii, which have the same 
 meaning. 
 
 ^ " To defy, degere, degerere. A defiynge, dige.itio." cath. ang. This word 
 occurs in Piers Ploughman, where repenting Gluttony makes a vow to fast, and that 
 " Shal never fyssh on Fryday 
 
 Defyen in my wombc." line 3253. See
 
 116 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Vilipendo, Jloccipendo, sperno, 
 aspernor, aporio, c. f. 
 
 Defyynge of mete, or drynke.' 
 Digestio. 
 
 Defyynge, or dyspj'synge. Vi- 
 lipendo, floccipencio. 
 
 Deffenesse. Surdifas. 
 
 Deffe nettylle. Archange- 
 lus. 
 
 Defowlyd. Deturpattis, macu- 
 
 latus, feculentus (dehonestatus, 
 
 Defowly'n', or make fowle. In- 
 quino, deturpo, violo, polluo. 
 
 Defowlynge. Deturpacio, ma- 
 culacio. 
 
 Deffe, or duUe (defte, k. deft, 
 H. p.)- Ohtusus, agrestis, 
 Aristotelis in politicis (^ebes, P.) 
 
 Deye.^ Andt'ochia, c. F. 
 
 See also line 457. In the same sense it is used in the Wicliffite version, and by Gower. 
 To defy has also the signification of dissolve ; thus Master Langfrank of Meleyne in 
 one of his prescriptions, directs certain substances to be compounded, and "make 
 pelotes, and defy one of heme in water of rewe." MS. in the possession of Sir Thomas 
 Phillipps. See fyin, or defyiu mete and drynke. 
 ' Drynge, ms. 
 
 2 Jamieson observes that deaf signifies properly stupid, and the term is transferred in 
 a more limited sense to the ear. It is also applied to that which has lost its germi- 
 nating power : thus in the North, as in Devonshire, a rotten nut is called deaf, and 
 barren corn is called deaf corn, an expression literally Ang. -Saxon. An unproductive 
 soil is likewise termed deaf. The plant lamium, or archangel, known by the common 
 names dead or blind nettle, in the Promptorium, has the epithet dkffe, evidently 
 because it does not possess the stinging property of the true nettle. 
 
 3 " Androchia, a deye." Vocab. Hurl. MS. 1002. " A deye, /Indrochius, androchea, 
 genatariiis, (jenetharia. A derye, androchiarium, bestiarium, geyietheum.'''' cath. 
 AXG. The data is mentioned in Domesday, among assistants in husbandry, and the 
 2d Stat. 25 Edw. III., A.D. 1351, occasioned by tlie exorbitant demand for wages made 
 by servants after the pestilence, enacts that " chescnn charelter, earner, chaceour den 
 carries, berc/ier, porcher, deye et ions metres servantz " should be content with such 
 rate of wages as had been previously usual, and serve not by the day, but the year, or 
 other usual term. The term is again found in Stat. 37 Edw. III., A.D. 1363, c. 14, 
 " de rictu et vestifu," which defines the homely provision and attire suitable to the estate 
 oi " I /laretters, &c. hovers, vachers, herchers, porchers, dcijcs, et touz auires (/ardeifiz 
 des bcstes, hatours des bleez, et toutes maneres des (jentz d' estate de tjarson, cntcndantz 
 it hiistjaiidrie,^'' not having goods or chattels of AOs. value. The word is rendered here 
 in the translations " deyars," and " dairymen," and by Kelham is exj)lained to signify 
 drivers of geese. Tiie Stat. 12 Ric. II. c. 4, A.D. 1388, fixes the wages of all servants 
 for husbandry, and rates the porcher, femme laborer, and deye at vj*'. each by the year. 
 The word is here translated " deye " and " deyrie woman." In the Stat. 23 Hen. VI. 
 c. 12, by which the wages of such servants were assessed at double the previous rate, 
 the term deye is no longer used. It appears by Flcta, 1. ii c. 87, de caseatrice, that the 
 androchia was a female servant who had the charge of all that pertained to the " dai/ria,^^ 
 and of making cheese and butter. A more detailed account of her duties is given by Alex. 
 Neccham, Abbot of Cireftcester, A.D. 1213, in his Sitnwia de nomhtibvs utensilinm. 
 " Assit el andro(/ia (vne baesse) que gallinis ova sripponat pnllifiraneia, et atiseribns 
 acera svlislernat ,• rjne nynellos viorbidos, non dico (inriicilos, in smi teneritatc lade 
 
 foreut alieuo. Vitiilos avtvra et snbrnmos (sevlement dentez) ablactalos iiiclusos 
 teiient in parf/nln ju.rta fenile. Ciijns indumenta in festivis diebus sint niulrminles 
 serapelline (peli/saiiisj rccinium {riueroket) lerislrum. lliijus (androyic) aiilem usus,
 
 PROMPTOUIUM PAUVULORUAr. 
 
 117 
 
 Deyyn'. 3forior, obio, interio, 
 decedo. 
 
 Deyynge (deying, sicpra in dethe, 
 K.) Defunctio. 
 
 Dente (deynte, K. ii. p.) Lauticia, 
 c. F. 
 
 Deynte mete. Oupes, cupium, 
 CATH. (delicie, K.) 
 
 Deyrye (deyery, k.) Androchi- 
 anum, kylw. vaccaria, andro- 
 chiarium (androchiatorium.^ 
 
 Deky'n'. Diaconus; levita. 
 
 Dele, or parte.' J'orcio. 
 
 Delare, or he ]>at delythe. Dis- 
 tributor, partitor. 
 
 Delare, or grete almysse yevere 
 (elmes3euer, k. grcate almes 
 gyuer, p.) Rogatorius, c. f. 
 
 Del YC ATE, or lycorowse. Deli- 
 catus (Jautiis, p.) 
 
 Delyce, or deyntes.' JJelicie. 
 
 Delycyowse. Deliciosus, delica- 
 tus. 
 
 T)el\'s' aXmesse? £!rogo, distribico. 
 
 Delytyn', or haue lykynge. De- 
 lector, delecto, c. F. catii. 
 
 Delyuerer. Liberator, delibe- 
 rator. 
 
 Delyueraun'ce. Liberacio. 
 
 Delyueryd. Liberatus, erutus. 
 
 snbulcis colustrum et hubulcis et armeiitariis, Domino antem et suis collateralibus in 
 obsoniis (supers) oxigallum sive quactum in cimbiis ininist rare , et catidis in abditorio 
 repositis pitigue serum cum pane ,fu(fu7-eo porriffere.^' Cott. M.S. Titus, D. xx. f. 1.") b. 
 The French interlinear gloss which gives here baesse, signifying a female servant of an 
 inferior class, is not contemporary with the MS. This account satisfactorily illustrates 
 Chaucer's description of the poor widow who lived on the produce of her little farm, 
 her three sows and kine, and one sheep ; her fare was milk and brown bread in plenty, 
 " Seinde bacon, and sometime an ey or twey, 
 
 For she was as it were a maner dey." Nonnes Priest's Tale. 
 The deye was sometimes a male servant ; thus in the commentary on Necchara it is 
 stated that '^ androgia dicitur ab andros, vir, et genet, mulier, quia id officium eaer- 
 ctur a viro et muliere,'' and Bp. Kennett cites the " computus Henrici Deye et uxoris 
 de exitibus et provenentibvs de dayri.'" A. D. 1407. See the word kevere in his Glos- 
 sary. Palsgrave gives " dey wyfe, nieterie,^' i. e. metayere, and Shakespeare si -iks 
 of the "day woman," Love's Labour's Lost, i. sc. 2. See Douce's Illustrations. 
 Jamieson has discussed the obscure etymology of the word dey. In Gloucestershire 
 and the neighbouring counties day-house signifies dairy house, and many instances are 
 met with among names of places. See Hartshorne's Salopia Antiqua. 
 
 ' See hereafter i:y;tyndkle, mesure, and halvuxdel. In the Rot. Pari. A.D, 
 142.'^, mention is made of a " thredendels, or tercyan," 84 gallons of wine, or the 
 third part of a " toncl." The Ortus gives " sepile. somdeleofte; sobrialus, somdele sober." 
 In the Legenda Aur. occurs the word " eueryduale," which is rendered by Palsgrave "tout 
 tant qu'il y a." He gives also " by the halfe deale, la moitit ; any deale, youtte ; neuer 
 a deale, riens qui soyt ; somdele grete, small wyse, quelque peu." Aug. Sax. ihel,/>ar*. 
 - In the Legenda Aur. it is related of St. Genevieve, that " in her refeccyon she had 
 no thynge but barly bread, and somtyme benes, y'^ whiche soden after xiiij dayes, or 
 thre wekes she ete for all delyces.'' 
 
 * "To dele, distribuere, dispcrgere, erogare." cath. ang. This verb in its primary 
 use has the sense of division or separation. Thus the Gloss on Gautier de Bibeles- 
 worth, 
 
 " Car par boieiiger (baker) est seueree (to deled) 
 
 Lajtur, enfourferc (bran) ainz demoree." Arund. MS. J'-O.
 
 118 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Delyvere (or quycke, in bey- 
 
 nesse, p.)' Vivnx. 
 Delvveryn'. Lihero. 
 Delyveryn, or helpyn' owte of 
 
 wooe. Eruo, eripio. 
 Deluar, or dyggar. Fossor. 
 DelvynV Fodio. 
 Delvynge. Fossuraifossatura. 
 Delvyn' vp owte of the erthe. 
 
 Effbdio, CATH. 
 
 Demar (or domes man, p.) Ju- 
 
 dinator (^ judex, p.) 
 Demyn'. Judieo, dijudico. 
 Demynge, or dome. Judicium. 
 Den, hydynge place. Spelunca, 
 
 latibulum, specus. 
 
 Den, or forme of a beste. Ltts- 
 
 trum, UG. 
 Deene, or denerye (dene of de- 
 
 nerj'e, k.) Decamis. 
 Denerye. Decanatus. 
 Denyyn', or naytyn'. Nego, de- 
 
 nego. 
 Dentyn', or yndentyn'. Indento. 
 Departyn'.^ DividOfpartior. 
 DEPARTYN'a-sundyr yn'todyuerse 
 
 placys. Separo. 
 Depe. Profundus. 
 Depenesse. Profunditas, alti- 
 
 tudo. 
 Depenesse of vatur (watyr, k.) 
 
 Gurges. 
 
 ' This word appears to be taken from the French, delivre, and is very frequently 
 used in old writers. " Industris, sleyghe, bisy, or deliuur." med. gramm. 
 
 ♦' Deliuerly he dressed vp, er the day sprenged." 
 
 Gawayn and Grene Kny3t, 2009. 
 
 Palsgrave gives " delyuer of ones lymmes, as they that prove mastryes, souple ; de- 
 lyver, redy, quicke to do anything, agile, delivre; delyuernesse of body, sonplesse." 
 Thomas, in his Italian Grammar, renders " snello, quicke, deliuer." beyn, or 
 plyaunte, has already occurred, and bain is still used in Norfolk in the same sense ; the 
 word has also, as shown by Jamieson, the sense of alert, lively, active, or of prepared, 
 made ready, as has been observed above in the note on baynyd, as benys or pesyn. 
 
 ^ The verb to delve, Ang. Sax. delfan, appears to have become obsolete in Norfolk, 
 and is now rarely used in Suffolk, but the substantive delf, a deep ditch or drain, is 
 still retained. The verb occurs frequently in early writers. In the Legenda Aur. 
 occurs this expression, " I have dolphen in the depe erthe; " and it is related that 
 when St. Donate conjured his wife, after her death, to reveal where she had concealed 
 some treasure, "she answered out of the sepulcre, and sayd, at the entre of the hous, 
 where I dalue it." In the Wicliffite version, 2 Chron. xxxiv. 10, the expression occurs, 
 " stonys hewid out of J'e delues (e^er quarreris)." Cott. MS. Claud. E. ii. " Attri/ie- 
 della, a gold delfe." Vocab. Ilarl. MS. 1002. Delph and delf occur not infrequently 
 as names of ))laces in the fenny districts of the Eastern counties. 
 
 3 "To departe, abrogare, disjttngere, separare. T)e\'>a.rtia.hy\\e, divisibilis. To departe 
 membres. To departe herytage, /lerecescere. Departyd (or abrogate) abrogntus, dis- 
 plosus, phariseus, scinmaticus. A departynge, haresis, ditmio, scixma,'' itc. oath. 
 ANG. In the will of Lady Fitzhugh, A.D. 1427, is the bequest, "I wyl yat myn 
 howsehold s'uantz haue departed emag theym a C. marc." Wills and Inv. Surtees 
 Soc. i, 75. So it is said of (Jlirist in the Legenda Aur. " he shall departe the heete of 
 the fyre fro the resplendour and bryghtnesse." Palsgrave gives the verb, " to departe, 
 deuyde tliynges asonder that were myxed or medled together ; departe this skayne of 
 threde, dhnipsler. Departe or distribute the partes of a thynge to dyuers persons, mes- 
 parlir." Fr. drpnrlir, to separate or distribute, in low Latin, disjieriire.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 119 
 
 Depose (depos, or weed, ir. wed, 
 
 p.) Depositum. 
 Depriven' or putt en' a-wey a 
 
 Jjynge, or takyn' a-way fro 
 
 a-nodyr. Privo, deprivo. 
 Dere. Cams. 
 Derynge, or noyynge.' Nocu- 
 
 laentum, gravamen. 
 Derke, or merke. Tenebrosus 
 
 obsciirus (^teter, caliginosus, p.) 
 DerkeNesse. Tenebrositas. 
 Derkyn', or make derke or merke. 
 
 Obscuro, CATH. obtenebro. 
 Derlynge. Carus, cava. 
 
 DERLouRTHY,^Wem est quoclDEnr. 
 
 (derworthy, K.) 
 Dernel, a wede. Zizania, catii. 
 
 loUium. 
 Derthe (or derke, p.) Cariscia, 
 
 c. F. 
 Derthyn', or make dere. Ca- 
 
 risco, carioro. 
 Dese, of hye benche (desse, or 
 
 heybenche, K. dees, h.)' Siib- 
 
 sellium, c. f. clindimus, or- 
 
 cestra, uo. c. F. 
 Descrynge (descryyngo, k. ii.) 
 
 Descripcio. 
 
 ' The verb to dere, or hurt, is commonly used by Chaucer, and most writers, until 
 the XVIth century, 
 
 " Fyr ne sclial hym nevyr dere." Coer de Lion, 16.38. 
 Fabyan observes, under the year 1194, " so fast besyed this good Kyng Rycharde to 
 vex and dere the infydelys of Sury." Palsgrave gives " to dere, orhurte, or noye, nuire ; 
 1 wyll never dere you by my good wyll. To dere, grieve, blecer ; a lytell thynge wyll dere 
 hym.'' Sir Thomas Browne mentions dere among vpords peculiar to Norfolk, in which 
 county it still has the sense of sad or dire. See Jamieson. Ang. Sax. derian, 7wcere, 
 derung, lasio. noyvnge occurs hereafter. 
 
 2 The term dese, Fr. deis or daix, Lat. dasium, is used to denote the raised platform 
 which was always found at the upper end of an hall, the table, or, as here in the Promp- 
 torium, the seat of distinction placed thereon, and finally the hanging drajiery, called 
 also seler, cloth of estate, and in French del, suspended over it. With regard to its 
 etymology, various conjectures have been offered by Uucange, Menage, and others. 
 See also Jamieson's Dictionary. Matt. Paris, in his account of the election of John de 
 Hertford, Abbot of St. Alban's, A.D. 1235, and the customary usages uu iin, ^.. -'•'^n, 
 says, " solus in refectoi-io prandebit (electus) supremus, habens vastellum, Priore pran- 
 denfe ad magnam nieusam quam Dais rulgariter appellamus.'" Ducange suggests that 
 vastellum may here mean a canopy or hanging dais, from Ang. Sax. vatel, legmen, um- 
 braculum. Chaucer, in his Prologue, describes the haberdasher and his companions, 
 members of a fraternity, and having the appearance of fair burgesses, such as sit " at a 
 yeld hal, on the hie deys." Gower speaks of a king at his coronation foast, " sittend 
 upon his hie deis." In the Boke of Curtasye, Sloane MS. 19^0, f. 17, written 
 about the time of Heniy VI. a person coming into the hall of a lord, at the time of first 
 meat, is advised not to forget 
 
 " ^e stuard, countroUer, and tresurcre 
 Sittand at de deshe )>ou haylse in fere.'' 
 
 In the ceremonial of the inthronization of Abp. Nevill, A.D. 14()4, after the Lord and 
 the strangers had entered, the marshal and other officers were to go towards the " hygli 
 table, and make obeisance, first in the midst of the hall, " and agayne before the hygh 
 dease." Leland, Coll. vi. 8.
 
 120 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Descryyn'.' Descriho. 
 Desert, or meryte.^ Meritum. 
 Deservyn', or worthy to haue 
 
 mede or magre (be worthy to 
 
 havyn, k.) Mereor, cath. 
 Deserte, or wyldernesse. De- 
 
 sertum, solitudo. 
 Desyre, or yernynge (3ernyng, 
 
 H.) Desiderium, optacio. 
 Desyryde. Desideratus, optatus. 
 Desyryn'. Desidero, opto, af- 
 
 fecto, appeto. 
 Deske. Pluteinn, quere infra in 
 
 lectron' (^ambo, K.) 
 Despyse (despyte, k. ii. p.) 
 
 ContemptiLs, despeccio, impro- 
 
 perium. 
 Despysyn'. Despicio, sperno. 
 Desteyne (or happe, k. destenye, 
 
 II.) Fatum. 
 Destroyere. Destructor, dissi- 
 
 pator. 
 Destroyyde. Destructus, dis- 
 
 sipatus. 
 Destroyyn'. Destrno, dissipo. 
 Destroyyn' a cuntre (or fecldis, 
 
 p.) Depopu/or, depredo, de- 
 
 vasto. 
 Destruccyone (or destriynge, 
 
 K.) Destruction dissipacio. 
 Dette. Debitum. 
 Dettere (dettoure, k. p.) Debitor. 
 
 DETRACCYON',orbagbytynge(bak- 
 
 bytynge, k.) Detraccio, oblo- 
 
 quium. 
 Detractowre. Detractor, ob- 
 
 locutor. 
 Dew'e. Hos. 
 Dewle, or devylle. Diabolus, 
 
 demon. 
 Devyce, purpose. Seria, kylw. 
 Devydyn', supra in departyn'. 
 (Dev^yden, or cleuen asunder, p. 
 
 Findo.) 
 Dewyn', or yeve dewe. Roro, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 (Deuvnite, k. II. Theohgia.) 
 T)ew lappe, syde skyn' vndur a 
 
 bestys throte. Peleare, cath. 
 Deuocyone. Devocio. 
 (Devere, or dute, k. ii. deuour, p.) 
 
 Diligentia, debitum, opera.) 
 Devowrar. Devorator. 
 Devowryn'. Devoro. 
 Devowte. Devutus. 
 Dyamawnte, or dyamownde. 
 
 Adamas. 
 Dyale, or dyel, or an horlege 
 
 (dial, or diholf of an horlage, K. 
 
 orlage, p.) Horoscopus, c. f. 
 Dycare (dyker, n. p.) Fossor. 
 Dyce. Alea, tessera, taxillus. 
 Dyce play (dicepleyinge, k.) 
 
 Aleatura. 
 
 ' This verb is directly taken from the old French de.s-crier, and is by some writers 
 used to denote the enuntiation, or distinction generally of the combatants by their coat 
 armour, either previously to entering the lists, or at other times, duties which devolved 
 upon the heralds. 
 
 " Herawdes goode descoverours 
 
 Har strokes gon descrye." Lybeaus disconus, line 926. 
 
 In the Vision of Piers Ploughman occurs an allusion to the usage that heralds of arms 
 " discryued lordes." Palsgrave gives " to descryue or descrybe or declare y'^ facyons 
 or maners of a thynge, i/flAonner ; Ptolemye hath discryued y*^ worlde.'' 
 2 Uesf.eit, MS. Desert, h. deserte, p.
 
 PRO^rPTORIUM PARVUI.ORIJM. 
 
 121 
 
 Dyce pleyare. Aleator, aleo. 
 DYCYN',or pley wythe dycys.^/^o. 
 Dycyn', as men do brode, or o})er 
 
 lyke (or make square, p.) 
 
 Quadro, 
 Dyderyn' for colde.' Frigucio, 
 
 rigeo. 
 Dyderynge (for colde, p.) Fri- 
 
 gitus. 
 (Dydoppar, watyr byrde, infra 
 
 in DOPPAR.) 
 Dyciie, or dj'cyde. 
 Dyffynyn, or deme for sekyr. 
 
 Diffmio, CATH. 
 Dyggyn', supra in delvyn'. 
 Dyke. Fossa, fovea, antrum. 
 Dyken', or make a dyke. Fossa. 
 Dylle, herbe. Anetum. 
 
 Dymme (or dyrk, k.) Obscurus. 
 Dymme, or harde to vndyrstonde. 
 
 Misticus. 
 Dymmyn', or make dymme. 06- 
 
 scuro. 
 Dyrkenesse. Obscuritas. 
 Dyne, or noyse. Sonitus, stre- 
 
 pitus (^crepitus, k.) 
 Dyner. Jantacidum, cath. 
 
 (prandium, p.) 
 Dygnyte (or worthynesse, p.) 
 
 Dign itas, prob it as. 
 Dynyn'.^ Jantor, janto, catii. 
 Dyndelyn'.3 Tinnio. 
 DYPPYN'yn lycour. Intingo,CATH. 
 Dyppy'nge yn' lycore. Intinctio. 
 Dyryge, offyce for dedemen" 
 
 (dyrge, p.)* Exequie. 
 
 ' " To dadir, /)'/y?/c/o, e/ ce/ej'a «Si to whake." cath. angl. '^ Barloter defroid, 
 to chatter or didder for cold, to say an ape's Paternoster.'' cotgr. Skinner gives this 
 word as commonly used in Lincolnshire, "a Belg. sitteren, prce fi'igore tremere." 
 The Medulla renders ^'frigucio, romb for cold." In the Avowynge of King Arther, 
 edited by Mr. Robson, to " dedur " has the sense of shaking, as one who is soundly 
 beaten ; and in the Towneley Mysteries, Noah's wife, hearing his relation of the ap- 
 proaching deluge, says, 
 
 " I dase and I dedir 
 
 For ferd of that taylle." p, 28. 
 
 " Didder, to have a quivering of the chin through cold." forby. See Brockett's 
 Glossary, the verb dither in the Dialect of Craven, and Hartshorne's Salopian 
 Glossary. 
 
 2 Dymyn', MS. 
 
 3 This verb is given in a somewhat different sense, namely, of suffering acutely, " to 
 dindylle, condoiere." cath. angl. Brockett gives to dinnel, or diiidle, to be atfeoted 
 with a pricking pain, such as arises from a blow, or is felt by exposure to the tire after 
 frost. In the Craven dialect to dinnle has a similar signification. Langhani, in the 
 Garden of Health, 1 ")79, recomniends tlie juice of feverfew as a remedy for the '* earea 
 ache, and diudling." Dutch, tintclen, to tingle. 
 
 * The office for the dead received the name of dyrygk, or dirge from the Antiphon 
 with which tlielirst nocturne in the mattens commenced, taken from I'salin.i, v.H, " Dirigc, 
 Domine Deus nieux, in conspectn liiu riain vipam.'^ In 14'-'l, Joanna, relict of Sir Thos. 
 de Heragrave, directed daily mass to be said for his and her own souls, and the nnni- 
 versaries to be kept with a solemn mass, " cum placebo el dirige." Among the 
 " coosts laid out at the monthcs mynde" of Sir Thos. Kytson at Hengravc, I.MO, occur 
 payments " to M' p'sson for dirige and masse, ij.v. ; to iiij prist.s for dirige and masse, 
 \V]d. ; to the dark for dirige and masse, xijr/." Uokcwodes History of Hengravp, 
 •)'-', 112. Tlie name is rttiiined in the Primer set forth in English by injunction from 
 Henry VIII. in 154(5 ; and this Dirige, fioni wliich portions have been retnined in the 
 CAMD. SOC. R
 
 122 
 
 PRO.MPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Dysbowaylyn'. Eviscero, ex- 
 enter o, UG. in enteria. 
 
 Dysbowalynge. Evisceracio. 
 
 Dysshe. Discus, scuteUa. 
 
 Dysshe berer at mete. Disco- 
 ferns, CATH 
 
 Discibarium. 
 or debate. Dis- 
 
 Exonero (^deo- 
 
 Discipulus. 
 Discordia, discor 
 
 Dysshe mete. 
 Dyscencyoxe, 
 
 cencio. 
 Dyschargyn'. 
 
 nero, p.) 
 Dyscyple. 
 Dyscorde. 
 
 dancia. 
 Dyscorde yii songe. Disso- 
 
 nancia. 
 Dy'scordy'n'. Discordo, discrepo. 
 Dyscordy'n' yn' sownde, or syng- 
 
 ynge, Dissono, deliro, c. f. 
 Dyscowmfytyn'. Confuto, su- 
 
 pero, vinco. 
 Dyscowmfortyn' (disconforten, 
 
 J.) Disconforto. 
 Dyscrecyoxe. Discrecio. 
 Dyscrete. Discretus. 
 Dyscurer, or dyscowerer of 
 
 cownselle (discuerer, k.) Ar- 
 hitrer, anubicus, cath. in anu- 
 bis. 
 
 Dyscuryn' cowncelle, supra in 
 bewreyyn'. 
 
 Dyscurynge of cownselle. Arbi- 
 trium,annbicatus(^reveIacio,vi.) 
 
 Dyscherytyn', or puttyn' fro he- 
 rytage, Exheredo. 
 
 Dy'sese, or greve. Tedium, gra- 
 vamen, calamitas, angustia. 
 
 Dysesy'n', or grevyn'. Noceo, 
 cath. vexo. 
 
 Dysmembryx'. Dissipo, dispergo 
 (^exartuo, P.) 
 
 Dysovvre, J)at cannot be sadde.' 
 Holomochus, Aristoteles in 
 ethicis, nuguciihis, nugax {bo- 
 nilocus, K. bomolochus. P.) 
 
 Dyspensyn (disperagyn, K. dys- 
 pagyn, p.) 
 
 Dyspexsyn'. Dispense. 
 
 Dyspexdyn'. Expendo. 
 
 Dyspexsox, be auctoryte, of po- 
 nawnce. Di^petiso. 
 
 Dysparplyx' (dispartelyn, k. 
 
 burial service of the Reformed Church, appears to have been only a service of me- 
 morial, to be used even on occasion of " the yeres mynde " of the deceased, and com- 
 prises a prayer for departed souls in general. " Dirige, seruyce, viffiles." palsg. 
 Horman says, " he must go to the dirige feste, ad silicei-nium,'' which is mentioned 
 by Harrison in his description of England, written in the reign of Elizabeth, where he 
 alludes to the changes that had taken place in religious observances ; " the superfluous 
 numbers of idle waks, guilds, fraternities, church-ales, helpe-ales, and soule-ales, called 
 also dirge-ales, with the heatlinish rioting at bride-ales, are well diminished and laid 
 aside.'' B. ii. c. i. Uolinsh. vol. i. There occur items in the Hengrave accounts, 
 already cited, which sliew the feasting that took place on that occasion. 
 
 ' By Gower and other writers dysour is used as signifying a tale teller, a convivial 
 jester ; 
 
 " Dysours dalye, reisons craken." K. Alisaunder, 6991. 
 
 Palsgrave renders " dissar, a scoffar, sai'^/yb/," and Horman says, "he can play the 
 desard with a contrefet face j)roprely, morionem representat.'" Elyot gives " Panto- 
 mimtts, a dyssard which can fayne and counterfayte euery mannes gesture. Sannio, a 
 dysarde in a playe or disguysynge ; also lie whiclie in cuuntenaunce, gesture, and 
 mancrs is a fole.'' Ang. Sax. dysian, iueptire.
 
 PROMPTORIUM I'ARVULORUM. 
 
 123 
 
 dysparlyn, ii. p.)' Dissipo, 
 
 dispergo. 
 Dysplesaun(c)e (displesawnce, 
 
 K. H.) Displicencia. 
 Dysplesyd. Displacatus, im- 
 
 precatus, mahplacatus. 
 Dysplesyn'. DispUceo. 
 Dyspoylyn, or spoylyn'. Spolio. 
 Dyspreysyn', or lackyn'. Culpo, 
 
 vitupero. 
 Dysputacyoxe, Disputucio. 
 Dysputyn'. Disputo. 
 Dystawxce of place (or space, 
 
 p.) betwene ij thyiigys. Dis- 
 
 tancia. 
 Dy'stauxce, supra m debate, 
 
 vel dyscorde (discidia, p.) 
 Dystemperyn'. Distempero. 
 (Distempred, p. Distempera- 
 
 ttis.) 
 Dystrobelar of pe pece (^dis- 
 
 turbeler, or distroyere of peas, 
 
 K.) Turbator, perturhator. 
 Dysturbelyn' (distroublyn, p.)' 
 
 Turho, conturbo. 
 
 Dystrobelynge of pece (dis- 
 turbelynge, K.) Disturbium, 
 turbacio, conturbacio. 
 
 Dysplayyn' a baner of armys of 
 lordys, or o})er lyke. Displodo. 
 
 Dysvsyn' a-5enste custome. Ob- 
 soleo, di^suesco. 
 
 Dysvsyn, or mysse vsyn a-3enste 
 resone. Abutor. 
 
 (Dysjese, k. dyseje, h. Te- 
 dium, calamitas.) 
 
 Dytane, hcrbe. Diptanus. 
 
 (Dytare, vide infra koke, raetp 
 dytare.) 
 
 Dyte (dytj-e, p.) Carmen. 
 
 Dyiityn'.3 Paro, preparo. 
 
 Dytyn' or indytyn' letters and 
 speche (scripture, K.) Dicto. 
 
 Dytyx", or indytj'n for trespace. 
 Indicto. 
 
 Dytyxge, or indytynge of tres- 
 pace. Indictacio. 
 
 Dyty'nge, or indytynge of curv- 
 owse speche, Dictamen. 
 
 Dyswere, or dowte.-> Dubium. 
 
 1 In the Wicliffite version, disperplid, disperpriled, disparplid, and disparpoylid, 
 occur in the sense of dispersed. In the curious version of Vegecius, attributed to 
 Trevisa, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. the danger is set forth of surprise by an ambush, while 
 the host is unprepared, some employed in eating, " and somme disperbled and de- 
 partede in ol>er besynes." B. in. c. 8. In a sermon by R. Wimbeldoii, as given by 
 Fox, A.D. 1389, it is said that " by Titus and Vespasianus Jerusalem was destroyed, 
 and the people of the Jewes were disparkled into all the world." Palsgrave gives " to 
 disparpyll, Lydgate, same as disparke, escarter, disparser. They be disparkled nowe 
 many a mile asonder." See hereafter sparplyn. 
 
 * This verb is used by Chaucer, and occurs in the Wioliffite version. " And they 
 seynge him walkinge on the see weren disturblid." Matt. xiv. 2G. So also in the 
 version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. it is said that a youns; soldier should be 
 taught " that he destrowble nat the ordre of ordenaunce." The Mayor of Norwirh, 
 on being sworn, made proclamation " that iche man kepe the pees, and that no man 
 disturble, ne breke the forseid pees, ne go armed.'' A.D. N'.M. Blomf. Hist. ii. lOO. 
 
 * In the Household Book of Sir John Howard, A.D. 14(J7. among expenses incurred 
 for one of his retinue, is entered this item, " My Lady paid a surgeone for dytenge of 
 hym, whan he was hurte, \'2d.'^ Palsgrave gives the verb in its more usual sense, " to 
 dyght, or dresse a thynge, hahiller. A foule woman ryelily dyght, semeth fayre by 
 candell lyght." Ang. Sax. dihtan, ilis/)onere. 
 
 * The place in which this word is found in the alphabetical arrangement seems to
 
 124 
 
 PROMPrORIUM PAnVULORUM. 
 
 Dyuerse. Diversus, i^arius. 
 Dyversvn', or vavyii' (varyen, p.) 
 
 Diversijico, vctrio. 
 Dvuersvte. Diversitas^ varie- 
 
 tas. 
 DvuERSE WYSE, Or on dyuers 
 
 maner. Varie, multipharie, 
 
 divershnode. 
 Dyvyn' vnder }>e weter. Suh- 
 
 nato, CATH. 
 
 Dyuynyte (or deuynite, j.) 
 
 Theologia. 
 Dyyn' clothys, or letyn' (dye, or 
 
 lyt clothes, p.) Tingo. 
 Doo, wylde beste (beste of the 
 
 wode, H. P.) Dama (^capra, p.) 
 DoAR, or werkare. Factor, actor. 
 DoBELER, vesselle (dische ves- 
 
 selle, K.)' Parapses. 
 DoBBELET, garment.-' J3igera, 
 
 indicate that it was originally written dywere, or divere, which may be derived from the 
 old French, " divers, inconstant, bizarre, incommode.'''' roquef. It occurs, however, 
 written as above, in a poem by Humphrey Brereton, who lived in the reign of Hen. VII. 
 which has been ))rinted under tlie title of " the most pleasant song of Lady liessy, 
 eldest daughter of King Edw. IV," 
 
 " That time you promised my father dear, 
 To liirn to be both true and just. 
 And now you stand in a disweare, 
 Oh Jesu (Jlirist, who may men trust ! '' 
 
 ' "A dublar, diialis, et cetera ubi a dische." cath. ang. The Medulla gives the 
 following explanation of Parapsis, '^ jirojirie est discus sii^e ims fjuadranyulum, ex 
 omni parte habens latera equalia, a dobuler." Tlie term is derived from the French 
 doublier, a dish ; it occurs in Piers Ploughman, and is still retained in the Cumberland 
 and Northern dialects. See Ray and Brockett. 
 
 '■^ It appears that the compiler of the Promi)toriura assigned to haltheus, which pro- 
 perly signifies the cingulnm militare, the unusual meaning of a garment of defence. 
 Thus COTK ARMURE jjreviously is rendered baltheus. The Catholicon explains " rfi- 
 plois, duplex vestis, et est vest is tnilitaris,'''' but it does not a])pear to have been ori- 
 ginally, as it subsequently became on the disuse of the gambeson, a garment of defence. 
 The diiblectus mentioned in the Constitutions of Fred. 11. King of Sicily, in the XI Vth 
 century, was a garment of ordinary use by nobles and knights, as were also, it is pro- 
 bable, the rich garments provided for John II. of France, in 1352, when Stephen de 
 Fontaine, his goldsmith, accounts for the delivery of " nn fin drap d'or dcdamas, etun 
 Jin camocas d' out rerncr, pour faire deux doubles.^' At tliis jieriod wadded defences 
 were made in Paris by the armuriers , and the tailors were divided into two crafts, 
 pourpuiniiers and douhletiers ; it was only in 13.')8 that the Regent Charles, on account 
 of the use of the doublet becoming general, permitted the tailors to exercise also the 
 cr&i't o( dotibletiers. See the Reglemens sur les Mcjtiers, edited by Depping, p. 414. 
 Shortly after, however, the doublet appears as a military defence ; " 25 doulilettes, 24 
 jakkes,'' and other armours, are enumerated among the munitions of Iladlegh Castle 
 granted in 140.") by Henry IV. to his son Humfrey. Ilymer, viii. .'i84. The importance 
 at this time attached to the manufacture of this kind of armour ajipears by the ])rivileges 
 concedt;d in 1407 to the '^ armurariis linoarum armalurarum cir.ilaiis Jyondonie." 
 Pat. 9 Hen. IV. confirmed IM Hen. VI. and 5 Edw. IV. It is related that the Duke 
 of Suffolk, when murdered at sea in 1450, was attired in a "gown of russette, and 
 doblette of velvet mayled ;" Paston Letters, i. 40; and in the curious inventories of 
 the effects of Sir John Fastolf, at Caistor, in Norfolk, 145!), occur " j dowblettis of red 
 ftlwet ui>pon fehvct ; j dowbelet of rede fehvet, lynyd with lyncn clothe." Archeeol. xxi.
 
 PROMPTOKIUM PARVULOUUM. 
 
 125 
 
 UG. hallhens, diplois, cath. 
 
 anahatrian. 
 Dobelyn', or dublyn'. Dupplico. 
 DocERE of an halle (dosere, K. 
 
 docere, h. p.)' Dorsorium, 
 
 auleiim, cath. c. f. 
 DoDDYD,wythe-o\vte hornysse(wit 
 
 owtyn homys, k.)'^ Decornutus, 
 
 ijicornutus. 
 DoDDYx' trees, or herbys, and oj^er 
 
 lyke. Decomo, capulo, cath. 
 DoDDYD, as trees. Decomatus, 
 
 miculus (mutilus, P.) 
 DoGGE. Catiis. 
 DoGGE, shyppe-herdys hownde. 
 
 Gregarkcsy cath. 
 
 DoGGYD. Caninus. 
 
 DoGGY'DE, malycyowse. Mali- 
 
 ciosus, perversus, hilosus. 
 Doron'.'* Degener. 
 DooKE, byrde (doke, K. fowle or 
 
 birde, p.) Anas. 
 DooKELYNGE (birde, p.) Anati- 
 
 nus. 
 DocKEWEDE. Padella {jpara- 
 
 dilla, p.) 
 Doket, or dockyd by ))e tayle. 
 
 Decaiidatus, caudd deciirtus. 
 Dockyd, lessyd or obryggyd. 
 
 Abbreviutus, minoratus. 
 Dokkyn', or smytyn' a-wey the 
 
 tayle. Decando. 
 
 253. See further Sir Samuel Meyrick's valuable observations on military garments 
 worn in England, Archaeol. xix. 228. At a later time the doublet seems again to have 
 become a vestment of ordinary use, the military garment which resembled it being 
 termed a coat of fence. " I wyll were a cote of defence for my surete, loricd litithed." 
 HORM. Caxton says " Donaas the doblet maker hath performed my doublet and my 
 jaquet, mon poiirpainte, et mon -p alloc que.'''' Book for Travellers. 
 
 1 DoRCERE, MS. ; but this reading is evidently erroneous, and the word is derived 
 from the French, dossier, or Latin, dosserium. See DossE, and Dorcere, which 
 occurs afterwards in its proper place. In a Latin-English Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 1002, 
 f. 144, occur '' auleian, scannariiim, a dosure ; " and another makes the following 
 distinction : " anabaltim, hedosour, dorsorhim, syd-dosour." Roy. MS. 17 C. XYIL 
 The term occurs in the Awntyrs of Arthure, 431, where a costly pavilion is described ; 
 
 " Pighte was it prowdely, withe purpure and pauUe, 
 
 And dossours, and qweschyus, and bankowres fuUe bryghte." 
 Sir F. Madden explains it as signifying liere a cushion for the back, but in its usual 
 sense it seems to denote the hangings or "hallyngs'' of tapestry, which, before the 
 use of wainscot, were generally used to cover and adorn the lower part of the wall of a 
 chamber. Chaucer uses the word " dosser " in a different sense, speaking of sallow 
 twigs, which men turn to various uses, 
 
 " Or maken of these paniers, 
 
 Or else hutches and dossers." H. of Fame, iii. 850. 
 
 Panniers are still called, in many parts, dosses, dorscls, or dorsers. See Ray and 
 Moore. HoUyband renders " Itolle, a basket, a dosser." 
 
 * Dodded is used in the North in this sense ; see Brockett, and the Craven Dialect. 
 Jamieson gives doddy and dottit with a similar signification. In Norfolk doddy still 
 means low in stature. Phillips lias dodded, lopped as a tree, and in Suffolk scathed 
 or withered trees are called dooted, in the North, doddered, words which ajipear to be 
 derivable from the same source. Skinner suggests " Belg. dodde, caulis./iis/is.fta.iillus." 
 
 s Tills word does not occur in the other MS.S. ; the reading is probably corrupt, and 
 from the place in which it occurs, dooon' may he suggested as a correction. Tliis 
 term of conteni|)t seems to be derived from the French " Dof/uiu, brutal, hargncuj;.'" 
 RoauEF. See Dugon in Jamieson's Dictionary.
 
 126 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 DoKKYN, or shortyn. Decurto, 
 
 ahhi'evio, capulo, c. f. 
 Dole, merke.' Meta, tramariela. 
 Dole, or dolefulnesse. Dolor, 
 
 dolorositas (lamentacio, p.) 
 Dole, or almesse yevynge (doole 
 
 of almesse, p.) Roga, cath. 
 
 erogacio. 
 
 DOLEFULLE. DoIoVOSUS. 
 
 DoLFYNE, fysche. Delphinus. 
 Doll YD, sum what hotte (or 
 
 sumdyl hot, k.)^ Tepef actus. 
 Dollyn' ale, or oJ)er drynke. 
 
 Tepefacio. 
 (Dollynge, k. doolynge, h. Te- 
 
 pefactio.) 
 Dome. Judicium, examen. 
 Dome iiowse. Pretorium. 
 Domes manne (domysman, k.) 
 
 Judex, CATH. 
 
 Doon', or werkyn'. Facio, ago. 
 DooN A-WEY. Aufero, deleo. 
 Doon' awke (donamys, k. h. p.) 
 
 Sinistro, cath. (rnalefacio, 
 
 protervio, p.) 
 Do gyle, supra in begyle. 
 Do GOODE. Benefacio. 
 Do LECHERY. Fomicor (luxu- 
 
 rior, p.) 
 Do mawmentrye. Ydolatro. 
 Doon' of clothys. Exuo. 
 Doo glotynye. Crapulor. 
 Do ON CLOTHYS, or clothyn'. 
 
 Indue, vestio. 
 Doon' owte, or qwenchyrj' (lijth, 
 
 k. lyth, H.) Extinguo. 
 Do TO wetyn', or knowyn'. In- 
 
 time, innotesco, innoteo. 
 Do wronge a-jene resone (ayenst 
 
 reason or lawe, p.) Injurior, 
 
 prejudico. 
 DooN wykyddely. Nequito, cath. 
 Doon' or fuUe wroste (done or full 
 
 wrout, H. wrought, p.) Factus, 
 
 completus, perfectus. 
 DoNET.^ Donalus. 
 
 ' Agnes Paston writes to ber son Edmund, the lawyer, respecting the dispute as to a 
 right of way, between his father and the Vicar of Paston, who had been " acordidde, 
 and doolis sette howe broode tlie weye schuld ben, and nowe he hath pullid uppe the 
 doolis, and seithe he wolle maltyn a dyche ryght over the weye." Paston Letters, iii. 
 32. Forby gives this word as still used in Norfolk, the mark being often a h)w post, 
 called a dool-post ; it occurs also in Tusser. Bp. Kennett states that landmarks, or 
 boundary-stones, are in some parts of Kent called " dowle-stones," and explains dole 
 or doul as signifying " a bulk, or green narrow slip of ground left unplowed in arable 
 land." See his Glossarial Collections, Lansd. MS. lO.'J.'i. Queen Elizabeth, in her 
 Injunctions, 15.59, directs that at the customary perambulations on the Rogation days, 
 the admonition shall be given, " Cursed be he which translatetii the bounds and dolles 
 of his neighbor." Wilkins, Cone. IV. 184. Ang. Sax. diclan, dividere. 
 
 2 " Dollyd, defrutun." cath. ang. The Medulla renders " tepefacio, to make leuke." 
 
 3 The grammar most universally used in the middle ages was that composed by 
 yElius Donatus in the IVth century, and the term Donet became generally expressive 
 of a system of grammar. See Warton's Eng. Poet. i. '281, Clarke's Bibl. Diet. iii. 144. 
 It was printed among Gramni. Vet. Putsch, p. 173.5. The rich hall prepared for the 
 education of the son of the Emperor was decorated with symbols of grammar, musick, 
 astronomy, geometry, arithmetic, rhetoric, and physic. 
 
 " Therinne was paint of Donet thre pars. 
 
 And eke alle the seven ars." Seuyn Sages, 181. 
 
 Allusions to Donet occur in Chaucer, and Piers Ploughman. In Sir John Howard's 
 Household Book is a payment, I4<)6, " fore a donet for master Gorge, 12rf." and
 
 PROMPTORIU.M PARVULORUM. 
 
 127 
 
 DoNGE, matrasse.' Culcitra, ma- 
 
 tracia, lodex {^fultyum, p.) 
 DoNGE, mucke. Fimiis,letamen. 
 DoNGE CARTE. Titubatovium. 
 DoNGE HYLLE. Stei'qtdlinium, 
 
 Jimariurn, forica, 
 DuNGEN, or mukkyii' londe. Fimo, 
 
 pastino, brit. 
 DoppAR, or dydoppar, watyr 
 
 byrde."" 3Ierguh(S. 
 (DOPPYKGE, H. p.)^ 
 DoRCERE.' Anabatrum. 
 
 Do RE. Ostium. 
 
 DoRLOTT.' Trica, caliendrum, 
 
 c. F. 
 DoR.MAWNTE tre (dormawntre, 
 
 K./ Trabes. 
 DoRMovvsE, beste. Glis. 
 DoRTOWRE. Dortorium. 
 DosEYNE. Duodena. 
 (DossE, K. p." Dossorium.) 
 DoTARDE (or dosell, p.) De- 
 
 sipio, deceps. 
 DoTELLE, stoppjTige of a vesselle 
 
 Caxton mentions it as one of the books in greatest demand, " George the booke-sellar 
 hath doctrinals, catons, cures of our lady, Donettis, partis, accidents." Book for Tra- 
 vellers. " Donett, Dojiahis, a Donett lerner, Donafisfa.'' cath. ang. 
 
 ' In the Inventory of Effects of Sir John Fastolfe, at Caistor, 1459, there appear 
 the following items in his own chamber: "j fedderbedde, j donge of fyne blewe, 
 i bolster, ij blankettys of fustians, j purpeynt," &c. Archaeol. xxi. 268. A previous 
 entry mentions a "donge of purle sylke." 
 
 - The little Grebe is still known by the names didapper, dipper, or dobchick, the 
 Alergulus fluviatUis of the older naturalists, Podicep.s ininor of Temminck. Ang. Sax. 
 dop fugel, meryus, dufedoppa, pelicanus, according to the sense in which the word 
 occurs Ps. ci. 7, in the Lambeth Psalter ; but its derivation from dufian; immergere, 
 would make the appellation inappropriate to that bird. 
 
 ^ Forby and Moore mention the word dop, as used in East Anglia at the present day 
 to denote a short quick curtsy. Ang. Sax. dojipetan, mersare. 
 
 * '* Auleum, dorsa7-iu7n, coriina, anabatnmi, anastrum, dosure or curtayne ; colatc- 
 rale, syd-dosour." Roy. MS. IT C. XVII. " A dorsure, domormm." cath. ang. 
 " Anabatrum, a cortyne. Auleum, an hangyn, i. indumentum aule, cortina, or a cor- 
 tyne." ortcs. M. Paris speaks of the " dosnale, give tapesium in quo passio S. Albani 
 figuratur,''' given to St. Alban's by Abbot Richard, who died 1119. Among the cloths 
 of arras and tapestry work belonging to Sir John Fastolfe, at Caistor, enumerated in 
 the curious inventories taken about the year 1459, occur several "hallyngs'' of ta- 
 pestry and worsted, a term probably synonymous with dorsure. Archseol. xxi. 259. 
 See above, docere. 
 
 5 Dorlott is taken from the French dorelot, which signifies an ornament of female attire 
 generally, but here seems to denote particularly the elegant network, frecjuently enriched 
 with jewels, in which the hair was enclosed, termed akelle, caul, or crepine ; or the head 
 dress called a volipere, which is mentioned by Chaucer. " Trica, plicatura rel nexus 
 capillorum." ORTVS. " Crt/!e/i(/ri//«, a voliper." med. gramm. In 1,?94 Johanna Laburn 
 of York bequeaths " j kyngll, j dorlot, j armari . . . best volet yat se bat, and a red hude 
 singill." Testam. Ebor. i 19(). Cotgrave gives " rfor/o/, a jewel or pretty trinket, as 
 a chain, brooche, aglet, button, billement, &c. wherwith a woman sets out her ap- 
 parel ; '' and by the Statutes of the trades of Paris in 14t),i it appears that the craft of 
 doreloterie consisted in making fringes and ribbons both of silk and thread. See Ro- 
 quefort and Charpentier. 
 
 * A dormant or sleeper is a main beam tliat, resting upon the side walls, serves to 
 support the joists, or the rafters of the roof. It is called in Norfolk a dormer. " Treine, 
 a dorman or great beame." cotgr. 
 
 " Uoss is at the jiresent time the name given in Norfolk and Sufl'olk to a hassock.
 
 128 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 (dottel, H. dosscU, p,)i Du- 
 
 cillus, duct'ddus, c. F. 
 DoTRELLE, byrde. I^ingus. 
 DoTRELLE, fowle, idem quod 
 
 DOTARDE.^ 
 
 DoTYXGE. Desipiencia. 
 
 DoTONE. Desipio. 
 
 Doton', oi" dote for age. Deliro, 
 
 CATH. in lira. 
 DowE, paste for brede. Pa.<ffa, c. F. 
 DowRE, wedowys parte (dovvary, 
 
 K. p.) Dos (vel perdos, p.) 
 DowcET mete, or swete cake mete 
 
 (bake mete, p.)^ Dulceum, 
 
 c. F. (^ductileus, p.) 
 
 Dove, culuyr byrde (dowe brid, 
 
 K. dowue, p.) Columba. 
 Dove, yonge byrde. CohunheUa. 
 DowYs hoole, or dovys bowse, 
 
 Columhar, cath. 
 Dower yn the erthe (dovwere, h. 
 
 douwir, p.) Cuniculus. 
 Dow me, as a man or woman. 3/«^/tt*. 
 DowNE (of, p.) federys.* Pluma, 
 
 plicmula, jiluviella, UG. 
 Downe, or downewarde. Deorsum. 
 DowNE GATE, or downe goynge. 
 
 Descensus. 
 DowNE GATE of ])e siinne(ormone, 
 
 H.) or ojjer planettys. Occasus. 
 
 such as is used in church, and panniers are in some places called dosses. See 
 
 DOCKRE. 
 
 ' This name for a faucet appears to be a corruption of ductulus, which in the Latin- 
 English Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. is rendered "dosselle,'' as the word is more 
 commonly written, from the French dosil, doticil, or according to Cotgrave, " floisll, a 
 faucet." Among the pertinencia proitiphiario, in another Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 
 1002, is given " clipsidra, a doselpyn." In the Seuyn Sages, it is related how Ypo- 
 cras pierced a tun in a tliousand places : 
 
 " And tho he hadde mad holes so fele, 
 In ech he pelt a dosele." line 1150, 
 
 See dottle in Jamieson's Dictionary, dossel. Craven Dialect. 
 
 2 This word appears here to signify a foolish jierson, not the stupid bird common in 
 Lincolnshire and the neighbouring counties, the Charadriiis morinelhis , and the re})e- 
 tition caused by the word " fowle " is probably liere an error. " A dotrelle, denipa." 
 
 CATH. ANG. 
 
 3 In the Forme of Cury doucets are not named, but "daryols,"p. 82, seem almost the 
 same; directions are given in the following recipe, which is taken from Harl. MS. 279, 
 f. 41, b. under the head of " Bake metis, vyainidefurniz. Doucetez. Take creme a gode 
 cupfulle, and put it on a straynoure, J'anne take 3olkys of eyroun, and put her-to, and a 
 lytel niylke ; j)en strayne it J^orw a straynoure in-to a bolle ; )>en take sugre y-now and 
 jiut )>er-to, or ellys hony for dcfaute of sugre ; I'an coloure it wit safroun ; han take )'in 
 cofyns, and put in )>e ovynne lere, and lat hem ben hanlyd ; j^an take a dyssche y-fas- 
 tened on J^e pelys ende, and pore l^in comade in-to Jjc dyssche, and fro J'e dyssche in-to 
 \>& cofyns, and whan hey don a-ryse wel, take hem out, and serue liem forthe.'' Among 
 the election expenses of Sir John Howard at Ipswich, 14()7, appears the item in his 
 household book, " viij l)oshelles of flour for dowsctes;'' and in the first course at 
 dinner in Sir John Nevile's account of the marriage of his daughter to Roger Rockley, 
 in ir)2fi, ajjpear " dulcets, ten of dish." Palsgrave gives " douscttc, a lytellflawne, da- 
 riolle." 
 
 •» Dow.MK, MS. and k. downe, p.
 
 I'HOMI'TOUIU.M I'AKVUI.OKUNf. 
 
 129 
 
 (DovvpAU, bryd, k. dooper, ir. 
 3Iergus.) 
 
 DowRYs, or dowryble (dowryhbe, 
 K. dovrybbe, ii.)' Sarpa, 
 casta pasthalis, c. i-'. (^costujias- 
 tcdis, p.) 
 
 DowcE EGYR,or sowre an(d) swete 
 menglyd to-gedyr (dowe soure 
 and swete togedyr, k. dovsegor, 
 H. menkt togeder, p.)- Mulsus, 
 c. v.musus, c. F. dulce amarum. 
 
 DowTE. Duhium. 
 
 Dowtyn'. Dubito, CATH. {^Iie- 
 sito, p.) 
 
 Dowty'n' bothe partyes a-lyke. 
 Ambigo. 
 
 DowTY'NGE. Dubitacio, dubietas. 
 
 DOWTEFULLE. Dubiii.t, (imbi- 
 
 guns. 
 DowTELES. Indubius, sine dubio. 
 DowTELESLY. Indubie, procul- 
 
 dubio. 
 DowsTY, bolde, or hardy (dowty, 
 
 K. II. P.)^ Aiidax. 
 Do.sTER (dowtyr, k. doughter, p.) 
 
 Filia. 
 
 DOSTYR IN LAWE. NurUS. 
 
 Dowe trowe (trowghe, p.) Pis- 
 
 tvalla, alveus. Dice. 
 Draplyd (drablyd, k.) Palu- 
 
 dosus, CATii. {lutulentus, p.) 
 Drabelyn' (drakelyn, p.)* Pa- 
 
 liido, traunlimo (^sic.) 
 Draffe.'' Segestariuiii, drascum. 
 
 1 A rybbe is an household implement, which probably received its name from its 
 form, a kind of scraper or rasp used in making bread ; thus Palsgrave renders " dow- 
 rybbe, ratisseur a pas/e.'" The term occurs in the gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth. 
 
 " Vostre paste dount pestrez, (kned \A douw) 
 
 De rm rastuer (a douw ribbe) le avge (a trow) moiendez, 
 Le rastel (a rake) e le raster 
 
 Sount dluerses en lour mesier." Arund. MS. 220, f. 299, b. 
 Hence it appears to have served for scraping and cleansing the kneading trough. An- 
 other implement, termed likewise a rybbe, was used in the preparation of flax. See 
 hereafter rybbe, and rybbyn flax. 
 
 2 In the Forme of Cury, p. 20, will be found recipes for egurdouce, a compound of 
 the flesh of rabbits or kids with currants, onions, wine and spices ; and for egurdouce of 
 fysshe, pp. G3, 113. Directions are also given for concocting " an egge dows," which 
 seems more to resemble the mixture alluded to in the Promptorium, being composed of 
 almonds, milk, vinegar, and raisins. Mulsus signifies a kind of mead, and dowce egyr 
 was probably much the same as oximel. 
 
 •' " Dughty, n/ji worthy." cath. axg. A. Saxon, dohtig, instruclus. 
 •» This word is still used in Norfolk, in the sense of to draggle, and a slattern is 
 called a drabble-tail. Ang. Sax. i.\rdhhe, faces. 
 
 * Draffe, or chaffe, is a word that occurs in Chaucer: 
 
 " Why shuld I sowen draf out of my fist, 
 
 Whan I may sowen whete, if that me list." Persone's Prol. 
 In the Reve's Tale the scholar John complains of being left to lie in liis bed ''like a 
 draf sak." So likewise in Piers Ploughman's Vision, where allusion is made to casting 
 pearls to swine, it is said that 
 
 " Draf were hem levere, 
 
 Than al the precious perree." line oGl7. 
 In the Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. occurs under the head " ad bratorium per- 
 finencia, drayitim, draf;'' and in the Cath. Ang. " draf, seijitterium, acinatum, bra$i. 
 CAW. soc. S
 
 130 
 
 VROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Draffe, or drosse, or mater 
 
 stampvd. PUumen. 
 Dragauxce, herbe (dragans, p.)' 
 
 Dragancia, c. f. basilica, dra- 
 
 centra, c. f, 
 Dragge (dragy, k. dradge, H. p.)^ 
 
 Dragettim. 
 Dragge, menglyd corfie (drage, 
 
 or mestlyon, p.)^ Mixtio {rnix- 
 
 tilio, P.) 
 Draggyn', or drawyn'. Trajicio, 
 
 cath. 
 DRAGGYNGEjOrdrawynge.T'rcrc^w.?. 
 Dragone. Draco (veldrago, p.) 
 
 Drake, byrde. Ancer,vel ancer 
 
 anatinus. 
 DRAMEjWygtite. Drama, dragma. 
 Drane. Fucus, kylw. 
 Draper. Pannarius, kylw. 
 Drawke, wede.* Drauca, c. F. 
 
 in loUium. 
 Drawyn', or drawe. Tralio. 
 Drawyn' a-longe. Protraho. 
 D(r)awyn' a-wey. Abstraho. 
 Drawyn' a-3ene (agayne, p.) 
 
 Retraho. 
 Drawe forthe owte of ])e ovyne. 
 
 Effurno. 
 
 puryhtm." " Ser/isterhim, Anylice, droife." ortus. " Draffe, dracque.'^ pat.sg. 
 An^. Sax. drof, sordidus. Matt. Paris has given a cliarter of Guarin, Abbot of St. 
 Alban's, dated 1194, in which tlie word drascum occurs, which appears to signify the 
 grains that remain after brewing, called in French drasche, or drague. Compare 
 CORALLE, or drasse of come, and drosse. 
 
 1 Numerous virtues are ascribed by Macer and other writers to the herb dragaunce or 
 nedder's tongue, called also dragon wort, addyrwort, or serpentine, arum or aron. See 
 Roy. MS. 18 A. VI. f. 73. Macer says that " water of dragaunce ys gode to wasshe 
 venome soris," and it appears to liave been yearly distilled in the household of the Earl 
 of Northumberland, 1511. See Antiqu. Rep. iv., 284. " Dragence, or nedder gryffe, 
 dragancia, basilisca, herba serpentina.'''' cath. ang. 
 
 2 This word is taken from the French dragee, a kind of digestive and stomachic 
 comfits anciently much esteemed. Chaucer says of the Doctor of Phisike, 
 
 " Ful redy hadde he his apothecaries. 
 
 To send him dragges, and his lettuaries." Cant. Tales, Prol. 
 
 ' In the Xlllth century the grains chiefly cultivated in England, as appears by the 
 accounts of the bailiff of the royal manor of Marlborough, Rot. Pip. 1 Edw. I., were 
 wheat, " berecorn, dragg," or a mixture of vetches and oats, beans and pease. The 
 regulations for the brewers of Paris, in 1254, prescribe that they shall brew only " de 
 grains, c'tst u savoir, d'orge, de niestuel, et de dragie ;'" Reglemens sur les Arts, ed. by 
 Depping. Tusser speaks of dredge as commonly grown in the Eastern counties. 
 
 " Sow barly and dredge with a plentiful hand." 
 " Thy dredge and thy barlie goe thresh out to malt." 
 Bp. Kennett, in his Glossarial collections, Lansd. MS. 1033, mentions " dredge mault, 
 malt made of oats mixed with barley malt, of wliich they make an excellent fresh quick 
 sort of drink," used in Staffordshire. " Dragee attx c/tevatia,-, provender of divers sorts 
 of pulse mixed together." cotgr. See mestlyonk, or monge corne. 
 
 ■• " Drake, or darnylle, zizaunia." cath. ang. The gloss on Gautier de Bibeles- 
 worth makes a distinction between these two weeds : 
 
 " Le yueray (darnel) i crest, et le betel (drauke)." 
 
 Gerard assigns the name to a species of bronius sterilis, which he calls small wild oats, 
 in Brabant called drauich, and Skinner suggests that tlie name maybe derived " a Belg. 
 Avongh, sicctts, fiuia et uclu et potentid siccurn est.'" Drawke or drake is well known 
 iu Norfolk uud Sufifolk, and Forby says it is the common darnel grass, loliumperenne.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 181 
 
 Drawe fowlys, or dysbowaylyn'. 
 
 Excaterizo, necc. eviscero, ug. 
 
 (exentefo, p.) 
 Drawe lotte. Sorcior. 
 Drawyn' owte. Extraho. 
 Draw en' owt of the shethe (shede, 
 
 K. p. schede, h.) Evagino. 
 Drawe to. Attraho. 
 Drawyn' or steryn', entycyn' to 
 
 goodenes, or badnes (styren or 
 
 meuen, p.) Allicio. 
 Drawe watur, or o]>er lyke. 
 
 Haurio. 
 Drawe vp by ))e rote. Eradico, 
 
 evello. 
 Drawte, or puUe. Tractus. 
 Drawte of drynke (draught, p.) 
 
 Haiistus. 
 Drawte of watyr owte of a welle, 
 
 or o]>er lycoure owte of a wes- 
 
 selle, idem est. 
 Drawe brygge (drawte brydge^ 
 
 p.) Supey'fossorium, pons trac- 
 
 tiUs,pons tractativus, pons ver- 
 
 satilis, COMM. 
 Drawte welle. Ha(u)rium, ug. 
 
 in haurio. 
 Drede. Timor, pavor, terror. 
 Dredefulle. Timidus, pavidus. 
 Dredefulle and vgely (vgg)y, 
 
 p.) Terribilis, horribilis. 
 
 Dredefulnesse, idem est quod 
 
 drede. 
 Dredefulnesse, and horrybyl- 
 
 nesse. Horribilitas, terrihilitas. 
 Dredyn'. Timeo, metuo,formidoy 
 
 vereor, paveo. 
 Dreggys, or drestys. Fex. 
 Dreggy (dresty, p.) or fulle of 
 
 drestys. Feculentus, c. f. 
 Dreggys of oyle (drestis, p.) 
 
 Amurca, cath. 
 Dreggys, orlyys of wyue (drestis 
 
 or lese, p.) Tartariim, c. f. 
 Dreeme. Sompnium. 
 Dremare. Sompniator. 
 Dremyn', or dretchyn' yn slepe. 
 
 Sompnio. 
 Dremynge. Sompniacio. 
 Dreme redare. Sohitor, cath. 
 Dressyn'. Z)/rjg-o, rictonnor (^sic) 
 
 KY'LW. 
 
 Dressynge. Directio. 
 
 Dressynge knyfe. Mensacula, 
 Dice. 
 
 D RES SURE, or dressynge boorde. 
 Dressormm, directorium. 
 
 (Drestys, drestys of oyle, drestys, 
 or lyys of wyne, supra in dreg- 
 gys, K.)' 
 
 (Dretchyn' jti slepe, supra in 
 dremyn'.)* 
 
 1 The Medulla renders "fecula, n little traist, fecnletittts, fulle of traiste," (Harl. 
 MS. 2257) ; in the Ortus, " dregges." Amurca is explained by Elyot to mean "the 
 mother or fome of alloyles," in Harl. MS. 1002, " drastus." Palsgrave gives " dresty, 
 full of drest, lieitx." Horman says " the drastys (Jloces) of thewyne be medicynable." 
 Ang. Sax. dresten, faces. 
 
 - This verb is used by Chaucer, and other writers, in the sense of being disturbed by 
 dreams. 
 
 " This chaunteclere gan gronen in his throte, 
 
 As man that in his dreams is dretched sore,'' Nonne's Priest's Tale. 
 ** And if it so bytide this nyght. 
 That the in slepe dreche ani wight, 
 Or any dremis make the rad, 
 
 Turn ogayn, and say I bad.'' Ywaine and Gawin, line 480. 
 It has also the sense of to delay or hinder, in several passages of Chaucer and Gower.
 
 132 
 
 PROMPJORIUM PAUVULORUM. 
 
 Dry fro moysture. Siccus. 
 Drye, or seere. Aridus. 
 Dkye, as kyne (nete, r.) or bestys 
 
 J)at wylle gyfe no mylke (yeue, 
 
 p.) Exuheris, UG. 
 Dryfte, or drywynge of bestys.' 
 
 Minatus, 
 Dryyn'. Sicca, desicco. 
 DRYLLE,orlytylle drafte of drynke 
 
 (draught, p.) HaustiUus. 
 Drynesse. Siccitas, ariditas. 
 Drynke. Potiis, pocidum, j^ocio. 
 Drynkare. Potator,hibc(.r, hibo. 
 Dry n k y n'. Biho, poto. 
 Dryxkyn' a-3een' (ageyne, p.) 
 
 liehiho^ rejtoto. 
 Drynkyn' a-bo\vte (drynkyn- 
 
 alowt, K. rWowX^, v.^ Ebiho,e2ioto. 
 Drynkelyn' (dryiiklyn, ii. 
 
 drenchyn, p.) Mergo, fitibmergo. 
 Drypi'E, or dro])? (drepe, p.) 
 
 G'utta, stiUa, cadula, c. r. 
 
 Dryppyn', or droppyn'. Stillo, 
 
 gutto. 
 Dryppynge, or droppynge. Stil- 
 
 lacio. 
 Drye scabbe. Impetigo, UG. 
 Dryte (or, p.) doonge.'^ Merda, 
 
 stercKS (menda, p.) 
 Dryvylle, serwa\vnte.3 Ducti- 
 
 cius, ducticia. 
 Dryve bestys. Mino, c. f. cath. 
 T>KWS's, supra in constreynyn. 
 Dryvyn', or constreynyd. Co- 
 
 actus, constrictus, astrictus. 
 Dryvyn', or ledde. Ductus. 
 Dryvynge, or cathchynge (chas- 
 
 inge, p.) Minatus. 
 Dryvynge, or constreynynge. 
 
 Compidsio, coactio, constriccio. 
 Drobly, or drubly (drobely, p.)* 
 
 Turbulentus, turbidus. 
 Drobly, of drestys. Feculentus, 
 
 c. F. 
 
 See also Piers Ploughman's Crode, vlicre the baneful conduct of the Friars is exposed, 
 who desert the rule of their order and " dreccheth the puple," lin. f)24, 1004. Ang. Sax. 
 dreccan, turhare. Sec Jamieson. 
 
 ' The drift of the forest, nij'datio animalium in forests, is a legal term which 
 implied a view taken of the cattle feeding in the chase, forest, or waste, at certain 
 seasons when they were driven into an enclosure, in order to ascertain whose they were, 
 and whether legally commonable. The Stat. 32 Hen. A'lll. c. 13, among various 
 clauses, devised fir the im])ii)vement of the breed of horses, directs the drift to be 
 made at Michaelmas, and otiicr convenient times, and under-sized horses to be de- 
 stroyed. Tiie word is \ised by llonnan metaphorically, in its more ordinary accej)tation, 
 " svibtyie (h-yftis (callida cousi/ia) ought nat to sette a iudge out of the ryght wey." 
 Elyot renders " udpvlsns, the dryfte of shepe to the water" 
 
 2 "To dryte, cacare, egerere.''^ cath. ang. In the Wicliffite version, Phil, iii., 8, 
 is thus r( ndered ; " I deme alle thingis as drit ; " and the word occurs also in Wicliffe's 
 " Object ions fjf I'^reres. Freres setten more by stinking dritt of worldly goods, then 
 they don by vii-tues, and goods of bliss." See Jamieson's observations on the etymo- 
 logy of the verb to drite, eaonerare ventrein. Ang. Sax. t^edrilan, cacare. 
 
 ** Horinan speaks of " a dryuyl or a drudge : he is a very dryuell, slerqvirnihtm.'" 
 Junius gives in this sense " drivell or droile, tnanfigin, fjiii tdiujue capuhus abacltifiqne 
 fat. Belg. drevel.'' See droile in Jamieson's Dictionary. Tusser, in his Points of 
 Huswifery, speaks of an under servant in the dairy termed a droy, or droie, whose duties 
 appear to have been similar to those of the dkyk, described in the note on that word. 
 " Hood droy to serve hog, to help wash, and to milk. 
 More needful! is truly, than some in their silk." 
 
 * Chaucer, in the Personc's Talc, says, " he is like to an hors, that seeketh rather
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 133 
 
 Dromedary, beste. Dromeda- 
 rius (dromedus, c. F. i'.) 
 
 DuopE, supra in dryppe. 
 
 Dkopsye, sckcnesso. Idropis. 
 
 (Dropsy man or woman, p. 
 YdrnpicuS') 
 
 (Droppyng, supra in drippyng, 
 
 K.) 
 
 Droppynge of flesshe, or fyshe yn' 
 J)e rostynge. Cadula, c Am. c.F. 
 
 Drosse of corne.' Acus, cribal- 
 Jum, ruscum, cath. 
 
 Drosse of metalle. Scorhtm, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Drosse, or fylthe where of hyt 
 be (qwat so it be, k.) Ruscum, 
 rusculuni, cath. 
 
 Drotare (droot, p.) Traulus, 
 
 traida. 
 Drotyn' yn' speche.^ Traulo, 
 Drotynge. Truidatus. 
 Drotyngly. Traule. 
 Drove of bestys. Armentum, 
 
 polia, CATH. 
 
 (Drowpyn', or prively to be hydde, 
 
 supra in daryn'.)^ 
 Drow'te. Siccitas. 
 Drubly, supra in drobely.* 
 Drubblyn', or torblyn' watur, or 
 
 other lycourc. Turbo. 
 Drublynesse. Turhulencia, 
 
 fecidencia, cath. 
 Drunkon'. Ebrius, tenmlentus. 
 Drunkelew.5 Ebriosus. 
 
 to drink drovy or troubled water, then for to drink water of the clere well.'' " Drovy, 
 titrbidus, turbulent us. '^ cath. ang. " Turljidus, troubli, drobli, or dark." med. 
 GRAMM. " Ihirbnlentus, i. tion lucidvs, drouy." ortus. Bp. Kennett, in his Glos- 
 sarial Collections, Lansd. MS. 1033, gives " dravy or druvy, Bor. dru'vy, Northumb. 
 drevy, thick, muddy as the water is. Sax. drefend, turbidvs." Forby mentions drovy, 
 used in Norfolk as an epithet of loathing, on account of filthiness of the person. Ang. 
 Sax. drof, aenostis. 
 
 ' Higins, in his version of Junius's Nomenclator, renders " vannus, a van wherwith 
 corne is clensed from chaffe and drosse against the wind." Ang. Sax. Ciros,f<ex', sordes. 
 At Hengrave Hall, in Suffolk, in 1G04, is entered in account a delivery *' for the swine, 
 of dross wheat." Hist, of Hengrave, 207. 
 
 ^ This term, implying difficulty of speech, or stuttering, has not been met with else- 
 where. Till' Ortus renders " traulus, a ratelei-e," a word equally unnoticed by Glos- 
 sarists, which occurs also in Cath. Ang. " To ratylle, traulare : a ratyller, traulus." 
 
 3 In the Anturs of Arther, where a description occurs of the King and his court 
 going forth to the chace, it is said, 
 
 " The dere in the dellun, 
 
 Thay droupun and daren." Ed. by Mr. Robson, p. 3. 
 
 * " Turbidus, troubli, drubli, or darke." med. In the Ortus and Cath. Angl. drouy 
 occurs in the same sense; Jamioson gives droubly and driimbly ; and the verb to 
 drunible, signifying to be confused, is used by Siiakespcare. See Nares. 
 
 * This word is used repeatedly by Chaucer, and occurs in Piers Ploughman and the 
 Wicliffite version. 
 
 " Irous Canibiscs was eke drotikelew, 
 
 And ay delighted him to ben a shrew.'' Sompnoure's Tale. 
 Horraan uses the word " dronklcu, dronkeleu.'' In a curious treatise on Obstetrics 
 of the later part of the XVtii century, .\d(l. MS. l'J,ll),=), are i)nrticular instructions for 
 the selection of a nurse, anumg whose ncomincndations are " Kit sche be wvsse and 
 well a-vyssyd, and hat schc lof he cliyUie, ami hat sche bo not dronkeleche.'"
 
 134 
 
 PROMPTORIUiM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Druxkeshepe.* Ebrietas. 
 DwALE, herbe.^ Morella somp- 
 nifera, vel morella movt'ifera. 
 
 DUBBYLLE. Duplex, duplus. 
 
 (DuBLER, supra in dobeler, 
 
 K. H. Parapsis, P.) 
 (DuBLET, supra in dobbelet, 
 
 K. H. Baltheus.) 
 (DuBBYL garment, k. Diplois.) 
 DuBBYLMAX, or false and de- 
 
 ceyvable. Dtiplicariiis, Dice. 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Dubbylle toxgyde. Bilins^uis. 
 JJUBLYX , supra in dobelyx , 
 
 et duplOf CATH. gemino. 
 Dubbyx', or make knyghte. In- 
 
 signio. 
 
 Dudde, clottle/' A7nphibalus, c.F. 
 
 hirrus, cath. c. f. kylw. 
 Dwellare. Incola, mansiona- 
 
 rius, c. F. 
 Dvvellyn'. Maneo, commoror. 
 Dwellyx'j or longe lettyn' or 
 
 taryyn'. Moror, pigritor. 
 DvvELLYXGE, placB. Muncio, 
 
 habitaculum. 
 DwELLYXGE or (longe, p.) tary- 
 
 ynge. Mora. 
 DwEROWE (dwerwh, k. dwerwe, 
 
 H. p. dwerfe, w.)' Nanus, c. f. 
 
 sessiUus, CATH. et ug. in sedeo. 
 Dvvyxyn' a-wey (dwyne or va- 
 
 nysshe away, p.) Evaneo, eva- 
 
 nesco. 
 
 ' Gower, speaking of the vices that spring from original sin, saj's, 
 " Wherof the first is dronkeship, 
 
 Whiche beareth the cuppe felauship." Conf. Am. lib. vii. 
 " Drunkechepe, ebrietas, vinnlencia, &c." Harl. MS. 1002, f. 173, b. 
 
 • Chaucer makes repeated allusion to the somniferous qualities of the night-shade, or 
 dwale, the Atropa belladonna. 
 
 " Arise (quod she) what haue ye dronken dwale? 
 Why slepen ye ? it is no nitertale." Court of Love. 
 
 A strange effect is attributed to this plant in a volume of miscellaneous collections, 
 once belonging to William Worcestre, Sloane MS. 4, p. 2. " For to take alle maner 
 of byrdys. Take whete, or other corne, and take guse of dwale, and menche j^e come 
 i>er yn, and ley yt her he byrdys hawntene, and when they have eten J'er of, |>ey shalle 
 slepe, J^at ye may take hem with yowre handys." Higins, in the Version of Junius's 
 Nomenclator, gives " Solanum let ale, banewoort, dwall, or great nightshade." 
 
 3 " ^/m/z/iiia/M*, a sclaveyn, a faldynge, or a dudd.'' med. gramm. '^ Lacerna est 
 pallium fimbrialum, a coule, or a dudde, or a gowne." Harl. MS. 2257. According to 
 the explanation given of birrus, the garment called a duduk seems to have been a coarse 
 wrapper or dreadnought, probably the same as the Irish mantle made of raw wool, which 
 ■was in request in England as late as the time of Charles 1., as appears by the Custom- 
 house rates. " Dirrum, veslis pilosa seu grossa, a schypper's mauntel.'' ortus. Forby 
 gives to duddle up, or wrap up with clothes; in the North, as well as other parts of 
 England, rags or clothes in general are called dudds ; and Grose mentions a square 
 in Stourbridge fair, where linen cloth was sold, called the duddery. See Jamieson. 
 
 * By early writers this word is written very variously, but approaching more or less 
 to the Ang. Sax. dweorg, dwcorh, nanus, which in the valuable fragment of .(^ilfric's 
 Glossary, discovered by Sir Thomas Phillipps, in the Chaj)ter Library, Worcester, is 
 written " dwseruh." Thus the gloss on G. de Bibclesworth, " /eo vet/ ester un petit 
 net/m (dwerouh).'' Arund. MS. 220. In Lybeaus Disconus " dwerk " occurs re- 
 peatedly, and in King Alisaunder we read of " durwes, the leynth of an elne." In 
 Synonym. Harl. MS. 1002, f. 173, occurs the word " dwarof," and in Cath. Ang.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 135 
 
 (DwFHOwus, K. dufhows, p. Co- 
 lumbaria.^ 
 Duke. Dux. 
 DucHEssE, Ducissa. 
 DuLLE of eggQ. ( Obtusus, K. p.) 
 (DuLLE of wytte, k. p.) Hebes. 
 DuLLARDE (dullare, k.) Duri- 
 
 buccius, CATH. agrestis, Aris- 
 
 toteles in ethicis. 
 Dullyn', or make duUe yn wytte. 
 
 Hebeto. 
 Dullyn', or make dulle in egge 
 
 toole. Obtundo. 
 Dullyn', or lesyii' the Qgge. 
 
 Hebetesco, c. f. 
 Duly. Debite. 
 
 'DwL,Y,oviro?,iy\Y.Secure,Jirmiter. 
 Dulnesse of egge. Obtusitas. 
 DuLNEssE of wytte. Hebetudo. 
 (Dum, k. p. dovm, H. Mutus.) 
 DuMNESSE. Mutitas, taciturnitas. 
 DuNCHE, or louche (luuche, H. p.) 
 
 Sonitus, strepitus (^bundum, 
 
 bombus, p.) 
 Dunchyn', or bunchyn'. Tundo. 
 (DvNCHE, K. (dunchinge, or 
 
 lunchinge, p.) Tuncio,pe7'cussio. 
 DuNNYD of coloure. Subniner. 
 Dunnyn' in sownde (in songe, h.) 
 
 JBundo, c. F. 
 
 Dunnynge of sownde. Bunda, 
 
 c. F. bombus, c. r. 
 Dewe offyce, or seruyce of dett 
 
 (dv, K. due, p.) Munium, cath. 
 (Duary of wedowys, k. p. Dos.) 
 (Do were, or deen, h. dwer', p. 
 
 duer, w. Cuniculus, cath. 
 Dwresse, or hardenesse (duresse, 
 
 p.) Duricies. 
 Duryn', or induryii", or lastyii'. 
 
 DurOi perduro. 
 DuRN, supra, idem est quod 
 
 darn (durn or dare, p. Audeo.) 
 DusTE. Pulvis. 
 (Dusty, p. Pulverulentus.) 
 Dustyn'. Pulverizo. 
 DwTE, supra in dette (dvte or 
 
 dette, K. dutye, p. Deb i turn.) 
 
 Ebbe of the see. Rejluxus, sa- 
 
 laria, kylw. ledo, cath. 
 Eban', tre. Ebanus. 
 Ebbyn', as the see. Rejluo, sa- 
 
 lario, cath. 
 Ecco, sownde. Ecco. 
 Edgrow, gresse (edgraw, herbe, 
 
 K. ete growe, gresse, h. p.)' 
 
 Bigermeri, regeruien. 
 E DD Y R, or neddy r, wyrme. aSV/'jo^ti*. 
 
 " a dwarghe, tantillus.''' See duergh and droich in Jamieson's Dictionary. In the 
 Catholicon is given the following explanation : " ScssUliis, i. parvus staturd, quia nan 
 videtur stare, sed sedere ,- " and the Ortus gives " Na7ius, a dwarfe, or a Ijteil Turke.'' 
 Compare coonyonk, or drowtly. Up. Kennett gives the word " dwerowe " as of local 
 use, but in the Eastern counties it appears to be no longer known ; in his Glossarial 
 collections, Lansd. MS. 1033, is the term " durgan, of short or low stature, as, he is 
 a durgan, a meer durgan, a durganly fellow. Isl. duergur, Kiliano, dwcrgh. West- 
 m(orland) a dwarwh." 
 
 ' The ^leduUa explains biyermen to be the mixed grain called in the Prom; torium 
 MESTLYONE, but it seenis here to signify after-grass, or after-math, still called edgrow 
 in some parts of England. Bp. Kennett mentions the word in his Glossarial collections, 
 Lansd. MS. 1033. " Eddish, roughings or after-math in meadows, but more properly 
 the stubble or gratten in corn-fields, from Sax. edisc, quod post messem in canipis re- 
 linquitur. This word is in some southern parts corrupted into ersh, and in Surrey into
 
 136 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Efte (oi- also, P.) Eciam. 
 
 Egge (edge, p.) Acies. 
 
 Eggyd TOOLE on bothe sydys. 
 
 Anceps. 
 Eggyd, as teethe for sowre frute. 
 
 Acidus, c. F. CATH. stupefac- 
 
 tus. 
 Eggyd, or steryd, or entycyd to 
 
 doon' a dede (steryd to gode or 
 
 bad, p.) Instigatus, incitatus. 
 Eggyn, as tejje for sowre mete.' 
 
 Obstupeo. 
 Eggyn, or entycyn' to doon' 
 
 welle or yvele (eggen, or styre 
 
 to gode or yll, p.)* Incito, 
 
 provoco. 
 
 Agrimo- 
 
 Egyl, byrde. Aquila. 
 Egyr, or egre.3 Acer. 
 Eg.ment, or sterynge. Incitamen- 
 
 tum, instigacio. 
 Egyrymonye, herbe. 
 
 nia, c. F. 
 Ey (or e^ge, p.) Ovum. 
 Eye. Ocuhis, talmus. 
 Eye lede. Supercilium, cilium, 
 
 jjalpebra. 
 Eyldynge, or fowayle (fowaly, 
 
 K. fewaly, p.)' Focale. 
 Eylyn'. (^Ohsto,v.) 
 Eymbre, bote aschys (ej'mery or 
 
 synder, bote asshes, p.) Pruna. 
 Eyjthe (eyght, p.) Octo. 
 
 esh, as a wheat esh, a barley esh. In Cheshire eddgrew, eddgrow, eddgrouth, from the 
 Saxon preposition ed (which in cornposition denotes allwaie again, as re in the Latin,) 
 and 3;rowan, germinare, crexcere." This word is not noticed by Mr. Wilbraham, and 
 it does not appear in the East Anglian Glossaries ; in Shropshire, according to Hol- 
 loway's Provincial Dictionary, the after-grass is called " edgrew,'' or as stated by Mr, 
 Hartshorne, " headgrove, or headgrow." Salopia Antiqua. The common appellation 
 botli in Norfolk and Suffolk is eddish, Ang. Sax. edisc, grainen serotimim, but it is 
 also termed rawings, roughings, or rowen, a word used by Tusser and noticed by Ray, 
 which may be a corruption of the older appellation edgrow. See Forby and ]\Ioore. 
 Tusser uses the words eddish and etch to signify a stubble, or land that has jiroduced a 
 crop. In a copy of the Practica of John Arderne, Sloane MS. 56, p. 3, are some names 
 of j)lants in French and English, among which occurs " weMillone, i. edgrowe." 
 possibly some herb of autumnal growth, abounding in the after-grass. The Medulla 
 gives "fru/ea:, a styke, a yerde, and buske, vnderwode, or eddysche." 
 Horman says, " my tethe edge with eating of these codlynges." 
 
 2 The verb to egg, from Ang. Sax. eggian, incitare, occurs in this signification in R. 
 Brunne, Piers Ploughman, and Chaucer, who uses also the substantive ; 
 
 " Soth is it, that thurgh womannes eggement 
 
 Mankind was lorne, and damned ay to die." Man of Lawe's Tale. 
 
 3 The old writers give to the word eager the significations of sour, and of fierce ; the 
 first from the French " aiyre, eager, sharp, tart, biting." cotgr. " Exacerbo, to 
 make eygre." ortus. Palsgrave gives " Egernesse, bytternesse. Egar, fiers or mody 
 as a wild beest is,ye/." 
 
 " He hente a spere with egre mode." Octovian, line 1653. 
 " And sclendre wives, feble as in bataille, 
 
 Beth egre as is a tigre youd in Inde." Gierke's Tale. 
 
 •♦ In the dialects of the Nortli, as observed by Ray, any kind of fuel is called eldin, 
 and the term is applied to the brush-wood of which fences are made. See Brockett, the 
 Craven Glossary, and Jamieson. Ang. Sax. ield, if/nix, a:lan, accendere. The word is 
 given by Bp. Kennett among his valuable glossarial collections, Lansd. MS. 1033.
 
 PROMPTOUIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 137 
 
 EY3TENE (oyghteno, p.) Octo- 
 clecim, vel decern et octo, secun- 
 dum correcciones fratrum pre- 
 dicatorum. 
 
 EY3THE HUNDRYD. Octingenti. 
 
 EY5TY. Octoginta. 
 
 Eyjthe tymys. Octies. 
 
 Eyjtyxdele, mesure (eyht}Tidyl, 
 K. eyghtydcll, j. w.)' Saturn, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Eyar, element (eyre, p.) Aer, 
 
 ether, ethera, cath. 
 Eyyr, or herytage (eyre, p.) 
 
 Heres. 
 Eyther, or bothe. Uterque. 
 Ele, fysche. AnguiUa. 
 
 Elbowe. Cubitus, kylw. 
 Elde, or olde, for-weryde (eeld, 
 
 or worne, p.) Vetustu^, de- 
 tritus, inveteratus. 
 Eelden', agyn,' supra in A, et ve- 
 
 terasco. 
 El(d)fadyr. Socer. 
 Eldyr, or hyldyr, or hilleme tre 
 
 (hillar, k. hyltre, or elerne, h. 
 
 elder, or hyltre, or elorne, p.)^ 
 
 Sainhucus. 
 Elde man, or woman. Senex^ 
 
 annosus, veteranus, grandevtis, 
 
 longer us. 
 Eld modyr (elmoder, k. p.)' 
 
 Socrus. 
 
 ' Half a bushel is given hereafter as the same measure which is here intended ; and 
 the term eyjtyxdele seems to be derived from its being the eighth part of a coom, or 
 half quarter, which has already occurred, cowme of corne, cumba. Compare dele, and 
 HALVDNDEL. Ang. Sax. dx\,pars. Bp. Kennett, in his Glossarial collections, Lansd. 
 MS. 1033, mentions another local name for the same measure, "a tofet, the measure 
 of half a bushel, Kent ; some say two fats. Sax. fat, or fset was the same measure as our 
 peck." 
 
 2 Agan, MS. The word elde, still retained in the Northern dialect, occurs often as a 
 substantive in old writers. Thus in the Wicliffite version, 3 Kings, xv., 23 is thus 
 rendered, " Asa hadde ache in feet in )>e tyme of his eelde ; " and it is commonly 
 used in Piers Ploughman. See Chaucer's description of '• Elde " personified, Rom. of 
 Rose. " Senectus, helde ; senex, haldman." Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. ''Elde, 
 senecta, senittm, annositas.'" cath. ang. In the version of Vcgecius, Roy. MS. 18 
 A. XII., it is said that military exercises "must be vsede before in yongthe, or the 
 body be made slewthefuUe by age and elde." B. i, c. 4. Ang. Sax. eld, steneciiis. 
 
 3 In Norfolk, according to Forby, the elder tree is still called eldcrn ; " sajubucus, 
 an eldrun,'' Harl. MS. 1002. Gautier de Bibelesworth says, 
 
 " Mes destcean (of ellern, MS. Phill. hildertre, Aruud. MS.) lemfet suheans, 
 Vh manyer ke est bans et beans Cwih milke.)" 
 
 In Worcestershire the elder is termed ellern, and Piers Ploughman speaks of it thus : 
 
 " Impe on an ellere. 
 And if thy appul be swete, 
 
 Muchel merveille me thinketh." Vision, line 5171. 
 " Un se/iu, an ellir tree." Harl. MS. 219. Ang. Sax. ellarn, ellen, sambue'is. In the 
 North the alder is called an eller, whence several names of places, as Ellerbcck, EUer- 
 burn, &c. in Yorkshire, are derived. Ang. Sax air, alntis. " An ellyrtre, n//)i/s; n/- 
 netum est locus ubi crescuni.'^ cath. ang. In the Ortus is given another name of 
 the elder, " sambucus, burtre. or hydul tre." 
 
 I " An elfadyr, socer; an eldmoder, socrus." cath. ang. In the North an ell-mother, 
 or eld-moder, signifies a mother in law, or step-mother, but, asJamieson observes, must 
 C AMD. SOC. T
 
 138 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Eldwomann'. A71US, vetula. 
 
 Elebre, herbe (elcbyr, k. p.) 
 Eleburns. 
 
 Elefauxte, or olyfaunt, beste. 
 Elephas, elephcmtus, cath. 
 barj'tis. 
 
 Element. Elementum. 
 
 Eleuyx'. Undecim. 
 
 Elfe, spryte.' Lamia, cath. 
 et UG. in lanio. 
 
 Elyer, or elger, fyscharys instru- 
 ment.^ Anguillaris, fuscina, 
 c. T.J't'agidica dentata, kylw. 
 
 Elyce, propyr name (Ely, k. p.) 
 
 Helias. 
 Elm, ti'e. Ulnus, c. 7.(iilnnis, K.) 
 Elmes, supra in A, al.mes. 
 (Elmesfulman, p. Elemosina- 
 
 rius, elemosinaria, rogatariusS) 
 (Elmes hows, p. Proseuca, 
 
 cath.) 
 Elxe, or elle (mesoure, p.) Ulna, 
 
 KYLW. 
 
 Eloquent, or welle spoke man or 
 woiran. Eloguens, dicosiis, UG. 
 Elsyn' (elsyng, k.)^ Sibula. 
 
 have properly denoted a grandmother, from Ang.-Sax. ealde-moder, avia. John Heworth 
 of G;iteshead bequeathed, in 1571. his best horse to his father in law, and adds, " Item, 
 I gyve vnto my eldinoder, his wyffe, my wyffes froke, and a read petticote." Wills and 
 Inv. published by the Surtees Soc. i. 352. 
 
 1 The Catholicon explains lamia to be a creature with a human face, and the body 
 of a beast, or, according to a gloss on Isai. xxsiv, 14, a sort of female centaur, which 
 entered houses when the doors were closed, as old wives' tales went, and cruelly used 
 the children, whence the name, '^ quasi lania^a laniaiido jmeros." The ancient leeches 
 have given in their books numerous charms and nostrums for the relief of children 
 " taken with elvys ; '' among which may be cited the following from a curious medical 
 MS. of X\'th cent, in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps. " For a chylde that ys 
 elfe y-take, and may nat broke hys mete, that hys mouthe ys donne {sic.) Sey iij tymes 
 thys verse, Beaia mnier miaiere, iit^'C. In the worcliyppe of God, and of our Ladi, sey 
 iij pater noster, and iij aueys, and a crede ; and he schal be hole." In Sloane MS. 73, 
 f. I'Jo, it is directed to " take J>e roote of gladen and make poudre J>erof. and 3eue he 
 .sike bo)>e in his metes, and in hise drynkis, and he schnl be hool wij^inne ix dayes and 
 ix nyjtis, or be deed, for certeyn." William Langliam, practitioner in physic, recom- 
 mends this same remedy in his Garden of Health, 1579 ; and orders the root and seeds 
 of the peony to be hung about children's necks, as a charm against the haunting of the 
 fairies and goblins. The term elf is not, however, applied exclusively to mis- 
 chievous spirits, but to fairies generally, ."^ee in Brand's Fo|nilar Antiquities detailed 
 observations on the Fairy ^lytliology. " An elfe, lamia, eumenis, dicta ab en, quod 
 est bonvm, el yiiene, de/eclus. Elfe lande," (no Latin word) cath. ang. Horman 
 seems to speak of elves as a sort of vampires : " No man stryucth with deed men but 
 elfis, larua ; " and Palsgrave give " elfe, or dwarfe, nain." Ang. -Sax. elf, lamia. 
 
 * This instrument seems to be the same wliicli in East Sussex and Kent is known by 
 the appellation of an eel-shear, but in other (larts better known as an cel-sj)ear. 
 
 •* This word occurs in the gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth, Arund. MS. 220, where 
 a buckled girdle is described : 
 
 " Ecu isi/ doi/l Ip hardilovn (he tunnge) 
 
 I'asser par tni de subilovn (a bore of an alsene)." 
 
 " An elsyne, acu8,snhttla." cath. ang. " Sibnia, an elsyn, an alle, or a bodkyn." 
 ORTUS. In the Inventory of the goods of a merchant at Newcastle, A.D. 1571, occur 
 " vj doss' elscn lieftes, 12f/. j clowte and J a c elson blades, viij«. viij^Z. xiij clowtes of 
 talier nedles," \c. Wills and Inv. j)ublished by the Surtees Society, i., 3C1. The term
 
 PROMPTORIU.M PARVULORUM. 
 
 139 
 
 Elle wANDE(elwonde, p.) Ulna. 
 Eem, faderys broj^er. Patruus, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Eem, moderys brothere.' Avim- 
 
 Culus, CATH. 
 
 Embyrday (embyr, or embyrdav, 
 
 H. p.) A)igarium, vel quatuor 
 
 temporum. 
 Emme, propyl* name. Emma. 
 Emerawxtys, or emerowdys. 
 
 Emorrois, cath. 
 Emperowre. Imperatov. 
 Emty. Vacuus. 
 Emty'nge, or a-voydynge (voyd- 
 
 inge, p.) Evacuacio. 
 Enchesone, or cause (enchesyn, 
 
 K. H. enchesen, p.)' Causa. 
 Encrecyn'. Accresco, augmento, 
 
 augmentor, cath. 
 
 Encres, or incres. Incrementum, 
 augmentum, augmentacio, ex- 
 crescencia. 
 
 Eende. Finis. 
 
 Ende, dooke byrde.' Anas. 
 
 Eendyd. Finitus, terminatus. 
 
 Eendyn', or makyn' a(n) ende. 
 Finio, consummOfdesino, cath. 
 
 Endykge. Finicin, ti-rminacio. 
 
 Endytyd, or indytyd for trespas 
 (of trespas, p.) Indictatus. 
 
 Endytyd (orindityd, k.) as scrip- 
 ture and speche.^ Dictatus. 
 
 Endytyn', or iudytyn' scripture 
 and feyre spechc. Dicto. 
 
 Endytyn' or (inditen of, p.) tres- 
 pace. Indicia. 
 
 Endytynge, orindytynge of feyre 
 speche, or scripture. Dictamen. 
 
 is derived from the French alene ; " elsoa for cordwayners, alesnc.''^ palsg. In 
 Yorkshire, and some other parts of England, an awl is still called an eisen. 
 
 * The Anglo-Saxon word earn, avunculus, is commonly used by Chaucer, Gower, and 
 all the earlier writers, and is not yet obsolete in the North of England. It is related 
 in the life of St. Peter of Melane, that " one his erne whiche was an heretyke de- 
 maunded of his lesson, and the chylde sayd to hym, credo; — his uncle sayd to hym 
 that he sholde no more say so.'' Legenda Aur. " An eme, avunculus, pat rims. Versus, 
 Patruus a patre pendet, avunculus ex geultrice. An eme son or doghter, pntruelis, ex 
 parte patris ; consobrinits, ex parte matris." cath. ang. Bp. Kennett gives in hi.s 
 Glossarial collections, Linsd. MS. 10 ?3, the following use of the word earn, noticed 
 likewise by Grose : " Earn, an unkle, Bor. This term in the North is familiarly 
 a|'i>licd to a gossip, and indeed to any friend or neiglibour; so is the word unkle in 
 Worcestershire, and adjoining parts, where mine unkle or my nuiikle is a common 
 appellation, as mine earn in the North. Ex ore viri doctissimi G. H." 
 
 ^ This word is derived from the French *'■ acheison, encheison ; occasion /leureuse, 
 
 loisir, cause de bonheur, dessein," &c. roquef. " Enchesun, causa, occasio, accio, 
 
 eventus, casus, racin." Synonym. Harl. M.S. 1002. See chesun, and cawsk, or 
 
 enchesoue. It is used by Wiclirte, and many early writers. Occleve saysof St. Margaret, 
 
 " But understandeth this, I onely commend her nought, 
 
 By encheson of her virginitie." Letter of Cupide. 
 
 •* This appellation of a duck, which now seems to be quite obsolete, is the .\ng. 
 Saxon ened, anas, in Dutch, eend ; it occurs in the glosses on Gautier de Bibelesworth. 
 " Zlusi a il ane (enede) et plounczoun, (douke) 
 
 Qe« riuere ont lour mansioun (woning.) " MS. at Middle Hill. 
 And in another passage, " de naturell noyse des oyseaus, it is said, 
 " En marreis ane iaroille (enede quckcth ) " 
 
 * Endytyd, or yid ms. The scribe has left a blank on actount of a defect
 
 140 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Endytynge (or indytinge, k.) of 
 
 trespace. Indictacio. 
 ExDYVE, herbe. Endivia. 
 Endles. Injinitus, interminahilis. 
 Ende mete, for dookelyngys (end- 
 mete.. H. p. edmette, j. eumotte, 
 
 w.) Lenticula, kylw. 
 Engynne, or ingyne. Machina. 
 Englysshe speche. AngUcum, 
 
 (ydwma, p.) 
 Excjlysheman, or woman. An- 
 
 glicus. 
 Englonde. Anglia. 
 Enhawncyn', or ynhawnsyn' (in- 
 
 hamiten, p.) E.vtollo, exalto. 
 Enyoyen', or make ioy (enioyn, 
 
 K. cnioyen, p.) E.vulto, gaudeo. 
 Enyyntysciien, or wastyn' (en- 
 
 yntyschyn, h.) Attenuo, e.ri- 
 
 nanio. 
 Enyn', or brynge forthe kynde- 
 
 lyngys.' Feto. 
 Enaiy. Initniciis, hostis, emulus. 
 (Ex.myte, F.Tnimicifia, hostiliias.) 
 Enoyntyd. Liunctus. 
 Enoyntyn', (or innoyntyn, k.) 
 
 supra in anoyntyn'. 
 Enoyntyn', or gresyn', or ley yn' 
 
 to a tliynge softc materc. Linio. 
 Enoyntynge. Inunctio. 
 
 Entyrferyn'. Intermisceo. 
 Entyryd, or intyryd, as dede 
 
 men. Funeratus. 
 Entyryn' (or intyryn, p.) dede 
 
 men'. Funero, c. f. infunero, 
 
 c. F. 
 Entyrement, or yntyrment. 
 
 Funevale. 
 Entyrme(n)tyn' (entermentyn, 
 
 K. p.) Intromitto (yel inter- 
 
 initto, K.) 
 Entyrmentynge. Intromissio. 
 Entyrmentowre (entermetoure, 
 
 p.) Intromifisoy, intromissatrix. 
 Entre. Introitus, ingressus. 
 Entryd, or brownie yn. Induc- 
 
 tus, introductus. 
 Entryn' yn to a place. Introio, 
 
 intro. 
 Envye, or invye. Invidia, invi- 
 
 dencia. 
 Envyows, or invyowse. Invidus. 
 Eran ye, or spyde(r), or spynnare.' 
 
 Aranea. 
 Erbe. Herha. 
 Erbe Ion', or Seynt lonys worte. 
 
 Perforata, fuga demonuviy 
 
 ypericon. 
 Erbare.^ Herbarium, virida- 
 
 rium, viridale. 
 
 in the MS. from which his transcript was made; this appears to be supplied by the 
 reading of the King's MS. 
 
 ' The verb to ean or yean, which is commonly applied only to the bringing forth of 
 lambs, here appears to have had anciently the more general signification of the word from 
 wliich it is derived, Ang. Sax. eanian, eiiiti, parttaire. See Somner, Nares, and 
 Richardson. 
 
 -' In the Latin-Engli.-h Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. occurs among " nomina 
 vermium, aranea, nerane ; " the Medulla gives " muscararicHs, a litelle l)oste that 
 sleethe the flyc, the erayne ; '' and the Catholicon Angl. " ]{!rane, aspyder or an atter- 
 copp, aranea.'^ Ray mentions arayn as the name given to tlie larger sorts of spiders ia 
 Nottinghamshire, and the word aran, orarain, is still in use in Yorkshire. SeeARAYNVK 
 and si'VNNARi;. 
 
 •' A garden was termed an EanAni:, or herber, from the French hrrhier, and the 
 appellation must not be here confounded with arbour, tlie derivation of which is jiro- 
 bably from Ang..Sa.\. herberga, tnitniio. Chaucer, however, seems to use the word
 
 PROMPTOKIUM PAUVULORUM. 
 
 141 
 
 Erchebuschoppe. Archiepis- 
 
 copuft, archipresul. 
 Erciiedekexe. Archidiaconus. 
 Erchepreste. Archipresbyter. 
 Erye, or crthe (erde, k.)' Terra, 
 
 hicmus, tellus. 
 Eryyn', or of the erthe. Terrenus. 
 Erthe qvvake, or erj^e dene (er- 
 
 dyn, or erde qwave, k. erthdyn, 
 
 p.)'^ Terremotus, sisimus, c. f . 
 Ernde, or massage (erdyn, k. ii. 
 
 erden, p.) Negociuin, nuncium. 
 Ere of a beste (man, k.) Auris, 
 
 auricula. 
 Ere of corne. Spica. 
 Ere of a vesselle. Ansa. 
 Erysy. Herisis. 
 
 Erytyke. Hereticus, heretica. 
 Eryar of londe. Arator, glebo, 
 
 c. F, georgicus, c. f. 
 Eryday, or eueryday. Quotidie. 
 Eryyn' londe.^ Aro. 
 Eryynge of londe. Aracio. 
 Ekytage. Hereditas. 
 Erle, lorde. Comes. 
 Erldam. Comitatus. 
 Erly, or by-tymys yn J)e morn- 
 
 y(n)ge. 3Iane (^tempestive, p.) 
 Eerlonde (Erlond, k.) Hiher- 
 
 nia, Tanatos, c. f. 
 Ermyne for forowrys (ermyns or 
 
 furre, p.) Erminius, c. F. 
 Ermytage. IIer(e)mitorium. 
 Ermyte (eremyte, p.)^ Ileremita. 
 
 herber iu both significations. " Viretum, loctis pascuaiis virens, a gres3erd, or an 
 herber." med. " An herber, //eriariMW!." cath. ang. ^' Herbarium, an herher, iiLi 
 crescunt herbe, i-el ubi /ladundmit, ov a gardyu.^^ ortus. Caxton saj's, " Richer tlie 
 carter shall lede dong on my land whan it shall be ered, and on my herber (court'il) 
 whan it shall be doluen.'' Book for Travellers. Hall describes a curious pageant ex- 
 hibited at the entry of the Emperor Charles Vth into London, A.D. 1522, part of wliich 
 was " a quadrant stage where on was an herber full of roses, lyllies, and all other flowers 
 curiously wrought, and byrdes, beastes, and all other thynges of pleasure.'' Chron. 14 
 Hen. VIII. 
 
 ' It has been observed under the word blo erye, that the reading of the MS. may 
 perhaps be considered as corrupt, by an error of the scribe, who wrote y for \> ; but it 
 must be observed that similar errors are of very rare occurrence in this MS. and that 
 the words are here placed in their proper order, as written with a y, whilst erthely 
 will bo found in its place afterwards, the letter )> being in the Anglo-Saxon alphabet 
 usually j)laced at the end, and in the Promptorium next after w. In an early MS. of 
 the Medulla Grammatice, in the Editor's possession, which is equally free from the use 
 of the character y instead of )>, which towards the later part of the XVth century became 
 very general, occurs the word " ijliteus, eryen." 
 
 - " An erthe dyne, terremotus, or an erthe qvake." oath. ang. Mention occurs 
 of " erthequaues " in the Legenda Aur. f. xxv. Ang.-Sax. eorJS-dyn, terr<E moius, 
 cwacung, tremor. Robert of Gloucester uses the words erj'gryj>e, and orthegriue, 
 signifying an earthquake. 
 
 3 " To ere, tibi to plughe." catii. ang. Palsgrave gives the verbs to ere, or to erye 
 land, in the sense of ploughing; " he hath eared his lande, God send hym goo<l innjug. To 
 erye the yerthe, labourer." Harrison, in his description of Britain, B. ii., c. 24, 
 speaking of the numerous antiquities turned up by the plough, says that " in the be- 
 ginning of the same Kings dales (Henry VIII.) also at Killeie a man found as he eared, 
 an arming girdle harnessed with pure gold," with spurs of gold, and other precious 
 things, of which part were in tlie possession of one Dr. Ruthall. llolinsh. Chron. i., 217. 
 Ang.-Sax. erian, arare. 
 
 4 From the Anglo-Saxon times until the Reformation, hermits, us well as anchorites
 
 142 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Ernest, ^?</)ramARNEST,hansale; 
 
 et n(^ryra, arabu, strena. 
 
 Ernest, ceryowste (or arnest, k.) 
 
 Soiositas. 
 Ernestly. Seriose. 
 
 Ernyn', as horse (eerne, p.)* 
 
 Cursito. 
 Ertare, Irrifator, irritatrix. 
 Ertyn'. Irrito. 
 Ertynge. Irritacio. 
 
 or recluses, were a numerous class in England ; many curious particulars regarding 
 them have been brought together by Fosbroke, in his British Monachism, p. 503. The 
 essential difference between the hermit and the ankyr, or recluse, the terms occurring in 
 the Proniptorium, appears to be defined by Giraldus ia his epistle to Abp. Langton, 
 where he makes use of the following expression: '■^ Her emit m solivagi — Anachoritce 
 coticiusi.''' Ang. Sacra, ii., 43t). They had both, however, a fixed dvv-elling-place, al- 
 though differing in certain conditions ; the establishment of an hermitage was among 
 those acts which informer times served to testify, in a signal manner, of the ])iety of 
 the founder, or his gratitude for divine protection. Thus it appears by Pat 1 Hen. IV. 
 that, having landed in Ilolderness, on his return after many years of banishment, and 
 been seated on the throne, one of the first acts of that sovereign was the precept " de 
 heremitafjio adificando apnd quendam locv.m vocafum llavenescroshourne, in quo Rex 
 ultimo srio adrenttc opplicuit.^'' A curious evidence of the high respect and estimation 
 in which recluses and hermits were held at this period, is afforded by the will of Henry, 
 Lord de Scrop, A.D. 1415, whose bequests in their favour are singularly numerous and 
 detailed. Rymer, ix , 275. 
 
 1 The verb to erne or yerne, signifying to hasten, or run as an animal, Ang. -Sax. 
 yrnan, currere, has not been sufficiently distinguished from the verb to yearn, Ang. -Sax. 
 jeornian, desiderare, expressive of anxious longing or deep affection. The former 
 occurs in several of the old romances; thus it is related of the wonderful long-legged 
 race that Alexander found running bare-foot in the Indian forest, 
 
 " Every wilde dere astore, 
 
 lly mowen by cours ernen tofore," K. Alls, line 5003. 
 
 So also of the King of Navarre, when he charged forward to meet the Soudan's cham- 
 pion, 
 
 " Ypon a stede he gan yerne 
 
 With sper and scheld." Octouian, line 965. 
 
 See also line 1934, where it is written " erne." It expresses also the strenuous move- 
 ment of the sailor. 
 
 " The maryners awey gonne skyllc, 
 And yorne awey, with good wylle 
 
 Well hastily." Ibid, line 561. 
 
 In Piers Ploughman's Vision it is used to signify the flow of water, or running of tears. 
 
 " And then welled water for wicked workes, 
 Egrely ernyng out of men's eyen." Passus 20. 
 
 Laneham, in his curious account of the reception of Elizalieth at Kenilworth Castle, ia 
 1575, uses the word in describing the eager course of tlie stag-hound ; " tlie earning of 
 tlie hooundsin continuauns of their crie, y*^ swiftnes of the deer, the running of footmen, 
 the galloping of horsez . . . mooued pastyme delectabyl." Bishop Kennett, in his 
 Glossarial Coll. notices the sense of the word to earn, as used in the North, which is 
 given also by Brockett and Jamieson ; " to cam, to run as chees dotii. Earning, chees 
 rennet, Bor. from Sax. yrncn, currere.^' Lansd. MS. 10J3.
 
 FROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 143 
 
 Erwygle (erewygyll, p.)' Au- 
 
 realis, UG. in aiiris. 
 Ertiielv. Terrene. 
 Erthly (or of erthe made, p.) 
 
 Terrenus, terrestris. 
 Ees, fyschys mete on a hoke (or 
 
 boyght for fisshcs, p.)^ Esca, 
 
 escarium, kylw. 
 'EscuE,tre.Fractinusffrn.rtmts,p.) 
 Escii KEY, frute. Clava, c. f. 
 
 in fractinus, 
 EsE, or cowmfort. Levamen, 
 
 consolamen. 
 EsE, or reste. Quies (requies, p.) 
 EsY. Quietus. 
 
 EsY, orsoft,aswedyr. TranquiUus. 
 EsY, or softe yn' sterynge. Lentus. 
 EsYLLE.3 Acetum. 
 EsYLY. Qniete, tranquilJe. 
 EsYLY, or sokyngly. Sensim, 
 
 paidatim. 
 Esyn' of charge, or grevowsnesse. 
 
 AUerio. 
 Esyn', or cukkj-n', or schytyn' (or 
 
 voydyn as man at priuy place, 
 
 K.cuckyn, h. kackyn, p.) Ster- 
 
 coriao, merdo, egero, cath. 
 
 Esyn' yn herte, of hevynesse. 
 
 Quieto, delinio. 
 EspE, tre. Tremulus. 
 Est. Oriens. 
 Eesterne. Prischa. 
 Estwarde. Orientalis (orien- 
 
 taliter, p.) 
 Est wynde. Earns. 
 Etyn'. Mandiico, comedo, ves- 
 
 cor, cATii. mando, prandeo, 
 
 edo. 
 Etynge. 3Ianducacio, commestio. 
 Etynge iiowse. Pransorium, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Etynge appulle tre. Esculus. 
 EwARE.^ Aquari7(s ?'el (aqna)ria. 
 Evenyn', or make evyii.' Equo, 
 
 coequo, adequo. 
 (EuEN in menynge, or clothynge, 
 
 p. Uniformis, et inde uni- 
 
 formiter.') 
 Evyn', a-lyke. Equiis, equalis. 
 EvYNHooDE(evynhede,p.) Equa- 
 
 litas, equitas. 
 EvENEHOLDE, or euenelde (even- 
 
 olde, K. euyn olde, p.)'^ Coevus, 
 
 coetaneus. 
 
 ' The earwig is still, according to Forby, called eriwiggle in Norfolk, but it appears 
 to be only a local corruption, as the word is usually written more conformably to its 
 Ang. Saxon original, ear-wij^a, vermis auricttlaris. Thus in a Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 
 1002, is found " auriolits, Anglice a jerwygge ; " and Palsgrave gives " Erwygge, a 
 worme." See arwygyll. 
 
 - Tliis curious word appears to be a Latinism ; but is, perhaps, more directly taken 
 from the old French, " Esclie : appdt, amorce ; esca." roquf.f. 
 
 3 This word is used by Chaucer and Lydgate, who in tiie Troy Book speaks 
 
 " Of bitter eysell, and of eager wine." 
 "Acetum, ayselle or bytter wyne." mk». c.iiamm. "Acetum, aysyl, or vinegre." 
 Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. " Acetum, ayesell ; Oxir/aiiis, aysell nienged." oRTts. It 
 occars also in the Forme of C'ury. Aug. -Sax. eisile, aisil, acetum. 
 
 * This word usiiUy signifies a vessel for water; "ewer to wusshe with, ai(/uier,'^ 
 PALSG. ; its meaning seems here to be transferred from the ewer to tiie person by 
 whom it is carried. The Medulla gives " aquarius, aquaria, a waturberere." Ang. 
 Sax. hwer, huer, cacabus. Among the domestics of tlu' Karl of K-ssex, mentioned in 
 his will, i:5Gl, occurs " Davy, q'cst IJarbcr ct Kwer." Nichols' Roy. \\'ills, oil. 
 
 * " Evyn eldes, coetaneus, cuerus, colectaneus, equerus.''' cath. ano. '' Coetaneii*,
 
 144 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 EvENYNGE, \>e laste parte of ])e 
 
 day. Vesper, vespera, cath. 
 
 sero, UG. in sereno. 
 EvESE, or evesvnge of a howse.' 
 
 Stillicidium, imbrex, imbricium, 
 
 CATH. domiciliuin. 
 Every day. Quotidie. 
 EvESTERRE. Esperus, vesper, 
 
 CATH- 
 
 EvYDENs. Evidencia. 
 
 EvYL. Malus. 
 
 EvYL, or sekenesse. Tnjirmitas. 
 
 EvYL HAPPE, or evyl chefe.'^ In- 
 fortunium, diffbrtunium. 
 
 EuER LASTYNGE. Sempitemus, 
 perpetuus, perhennis, eternus. 
 
 EVYRLASTYNGNESSE. EtemitoS, 
 
 perjjetuitas, j)er}iennitas. 
 
 EuERMORE Eternaliter, per- 
 petue, perhemiiter (^semper, K.) 
 
 Ex, instrument. Securis. 
 
 Examyn', or apposyn', or a-sayyn 
 (posyn, H. posen, p.y Examino, 
 
 ExAWMPLE. Exemplum. 
 
 ExAWMPLERE. Exemplar. 
 
 Exawmplyn'. Exemplifico, ex- 
 emplo, CATH. 
 
 Executowre. Executor, exe- 
 cutrix. 
 
 Excess E, or owterage. Excessus. 
 
 ExcESSE of drynke. Biberct, uG. 
 
 ExcESSE of etynge- Peredia, VG. 
 
 ExcLUDYD, or put owte. Ex- 
 clusus. 
 
 ExcLUDY'NGE, or puttyngc owte. 
 Exclusio. 
 
 unius et ejusdem efaiis, euen olde." ortus. Herman says, " lyke as I se my son do 
 for his frende and euen3elde (equalis) and help hym in his maters, so it is right that we 
 olde men shuld help and do eche for oder." Ang.-Sax. efen-eald, coevus. 
 
 ' The term evesynge, from the Ang.-Sax. evesung, tonsura, evese, margo, occurs in 
 the Gloss on G. de Bibelesworth ; MS. at Middle Hill. 
 
 " Et ceueroundel (sparewe net) « la ceuerounde (at \>e euesinge) 
 Prent le munnhoim et le arounde (swalewe).'' 
 
 " Seuernnder a la severunde (a serundel at \>e eueses) " Arund. MS. 2'iO, f. 301, b. 
 It would seem hence that it was usual to take small birds, as the mitskeron, or sparrow, 
 and the swallow, by means of a net adjusted to the house eaves ; they probably served, 
 as they do still in Italy and Southern Europe, as articles of food. In Piers Ploughman's 
 Vision are mentioned " Isykles in cvesynges;" and in the Creed " Orcheyarde and 
 erbers evesed wel clene ; " in which instance the word seems to be used precisely in the 
 sense of the Ang -Saxon verb efesian, tondere, unless it may signify that the erber, or 
 garden of herbs, was neatly hedged in. The Medulla renders " intonsus, vnevesed. 
 Antipopfiara, an evesynge." In the North of England the eaves are called casings. 
 " Severonde, the eaue, eauing, or easing of a house." cotgr, 
 
 - The word chefe, signifying chance or fortune, has occurred already, but in the MS. 
 is written, as it would seem erroneously, cnEi*. It appears to be taken from the French, 
 chrf, chief, which, according to Roquefort, implies not only the head, or the commence- 
 ment of a thing, but the end, issue, or extremity. Chaucer, in the Merchant's second 
 Tale, speaks of " the boncheff and the myscheff ; " and in the account of William 
 Thorpe's examination by Abp. Arundel in 1107, published by Fox from a contemporary 
 authority, it is related that he said, " if I consented to you to doo hoere after your will 
 for boncliefe or mischefe that may befall me in this life, I deme in my conscience that 
 I were worthy herefore to be cursed of God." 
 
 •' The verb apposyii', which does not occur in the Ilarl. MS. it\ its proper place
 
 PRO.MPTORIUM PARVULORLM. 
 
 145 
 
 Excusable. Excusabili^. 
 Excusacyon'. Excusacio. 
 Execs YD. Excusatus. 
 ExcusYx'. Excusn. 
 ExEMPTYDE (exempt, p.) Ex- 
 
 emptus. 
 (ExEMPCiox, K. p. Exempcio.) 
 ExYLYD. Extorris, c. f. ug. 
 Exylyn', or banyshen'. Bannio, 
 
 rehgo, UG. (^exulo, k.) 
 ExPERYMEXT. Experimentum. 
 ExpERTFULLE, be dede know- 
 
 ynge (expert full knowen, k. p.) 
 
 Expertus. 
 Exposycy'on', or expownynge. 
 
 Exposicio. 
 ExPRESSY'x', or spekvn' owte 
 
 opynly (shewen openly, p.) Ex- 
 
 primo. 
 Extorcyon'. Extorcio, exactio, 
 
 angaria. 
 
 EXTORCYONERE. ExtOVtor, CX- 
 
 actor, predator, angarius, brit. 
 ExuLTRE, or ex tre, supra in A, 
 
 AXILTRE. 
 
 Fable, or tale (fabyll, p.) Fabula. 
 
 Face. Eacies. 
 
 Faceet, booke (facet, K. faucet, 
 
 p.) Facetus. 
 Facyx', or shewyn' boolde face. 
 
 Effrono, CATH. 
 Faculte. Facultas. 
 Facuxde, or fayrnesse of speche.' 
 
 Facundia, eloqiiencia. 
 Fadyx', or lese the colowre. 
 
 3Iaiceo. 
 Fady'R. Pater, genitor. 
 Fadyr yx lawe. Socer. 
 Fadyr and modyr yn' one worde. 
 
 Farens. 
 Fadyrkyx', or modyrkyn' (fadyrs 
 
 or moderys kin, k.) Parentela. 
 Fadyrlesse chylde. Orphanus, 
 
 c. F. 
 Fader qwellare. Patricida. 
 Fadme, or fadyme.- Ulna, cath. 
 
 in brachiion, lacerta. 
 Fad.myx' (fadomyn, p.) Ulno, 
 
 cath. in brachium. 
 Fademyxge. Ulnacio. 
 
 alphabetically, has here the same signification as that in which it is used by Chaucer, 
 and many of the old writers, namely, of putting to the question, or examining judicially. 
 " May I not axe a libel, Sire Sompnour, 
 And answere ther by my procuratour, 
 To swiche thing as men wold apposen me ?" Frere's Tale. 
 
 " I appose one, make a tryall of his lernyng, or lave a thyng to his charge. I am nat 
 to lerne nowe to appose a felow, aposer.'' palsg. 
 
 1 Chaucer, in the Assembly of Fowls, uses the word facond both as a substantive and 
 an adjective, as in French, "Facond, eloquent ; faconde, eloquence.^' RoavEF. So 
 also he says of Virginia, 
 
 " Tho she were wise as Pallas, dare I saine, 
 (Her facond eke full womanly and plaine) 
 No counterfeited termes at all had shee 
 To seeme wise." Doctor of Physic's Tale. 
 
 In the Golden Legend it is said that " ilartha was ryght faconde of speche, and 
 curteys." 
 
 2 The ancient Anglo-Saxon measure of six feet, f8e^■em, ulna, the space of both arms 
 extended, was, at the time the Promptorium was compiled, still used as a measure of 
 length, and subsequently more exclusively applied to depth. Herman says, that " in a 
 
 camd. soc. u
 
 146 
 
 PROMPTORIUiM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Fagyx', or flateryn'.' Adidor. 
 Fagynge, or flaterynge. Adulacio. 
 Fagott. Fassis, strues, cath. 
 Fayxare, or flaterere. Adulator. 
 Fayne, or fayne {sic.y- Lihens. 
 Fayre yn' bewte. Pulclier, ve- 
 
 nustus, decorus, heUus, c. f. 
 Fayre cn\hV)EJ^Ephebiis,epheba, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Fayre, mery wedur or tyrae (fayir 
 
 as wedyr, K.) Atnenus. 
 Fayre spekar. 0)-atot% retor. 
 
 Fayre speche. Lepos, cath. 
 
 c. F. rethorica. 
 (Fayirnesse of speche, k. Fa- 
 
 cundia.) 
 Fayrnesse of bewte. Decor, ve- 
 
 nustas, pulcritudo, species, 
 Fayrnesse of wedur, and tyme. 
 
 Amenitas. 
 Faytowre.-* Fictor, simulator, 
 
 simulatrix. 
 Faytowrys gresse, or tytymal 
 
 (faytours grees, p.) Titimallus. 
 
 man that is of laufull stature, the lengthe fro the toppe of his heed to his hele, and fro 
 the both toppys of his niyddell fyngers, whan he makethe a vadome, is all one." 
 
 1 " To fage, aibdari, assentari, blandiri, blandijicare, delinire, palpare. A fagynge, 
 ilandicia. Fagynge, hlandtis." cath. ang. Tiiis word is derived from the Ang. -Sax. 
 fae^nian, fsesenian, gaudere, which has also the signification of flattering. Hardyug, 
 relating the guileful practices of Vortigern on the weak King Constaunce, says, 
 
 " Such subtyle meane to fage the Kyng he fande." Chron. c. Ixvi. 
 
 Coles gives " fage, a merry tale." Palsgrave gives the verb " I fagge from the trouthe 
 (Lydgate) ; this ternie is nat in our comen use." It may be questioned whether Drayton 
 does not use the verb to fadge in this sense ; but it is explained by the Glossarists as 
 signifying only to agree, or accord ; Ang.-Sax. if^^w,j%iiigere. 
 
 " With flattery my muse could neuer fadge." Pastorals, Eel. 3. 
 
 2 It would at first sight appear from this reading of the MS. as also from a word that 
 occurs subsequently, Forjktyn, or forjetyn, that the initial ff must have some special 
 power of its own, and not merely represent the capital F. None such, however, can be 
 assigned, and the readings are, probably, in both instances corrujjted by the scribe. In 
 the present case the correction appears to be fayne, or fawne, and in the second the 
 true reading may be For^etvn, or forgetyn. " Fayne, ubi mery. Alacer, apricus, di- 
 lectabilis, hilfiris, letus." cath. ang. Ang.-Sax. fiej^en, latus. See fawn'. 
 
 3 The appellation fair child, beljil.s, or befyce, which has occurred previously, was 
 one of endearment or courtesy, afterwards used only to signify a son-in-law. Instances 
 of its use are not infrequent ; thus in Piers Ploughman's Vision, when Joseph relates 
 to his father his dream that the sun, moon, and stars " hailsed hyni all," 
 
 " Beau fitz, quod his fader, 
 For defaute we shullen, 
 I myself and my sones, 
 Seche thee for neede." line 4819. 
 
 4 A Faytowre was, as it seems, a conjuror, or a quack-salver, so called from the 
 French /aiVeor, orfaiturier, a sorcerer; and thence the name was applied to itinerant 
 pretenders to such skill, to mendicants, and gcnfially to idle livers. " Failard,J'aiteor, 
 vn jxirresneux." i.acombe. The plant called quack-salvcr's turbith or spurge, the 
 Tithymalus or Esula of the old botanists. Euphorbia, Linn, was much employed in 
 homely physic, as also by the empirics in former times. Its virtues are detailed by 
 Gerarde and Parkinson. See titv.maj.j.i;. The MS. has similator, as also shnilacw.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 147 
 
 Fayterye (faytre, ii. p.) Fictio, 
 
 simulacio, Jicticiiitn. 
 Faytowre, jjatfeynythe sekenesse 
 
 for trowantyse (trowandyse, p.) 
 
 Vagius, UG. 
 Fal. Casus, lapsus, ruina. 
 Fallare, or he ]jat oftyn' tyme 
 
 fallythe. Cadax, cath. ca- 
 
 ducus, cadabundus, ug. 
 
 Faldynge, clothe.' Falinge, 
 amphibalus, c. F. hirrus, c. f. 
 
 Falyyx', or faylyn'. Deficio. 
 
 Faylynge, or fawte (falyynge, p.) 
 Defectus. 
 
 Falle, or mows trappc- Musci- 
 pula, decipula. 
 
 Fallyn', or ovyr throwyn'. Cado, 
 
 ruo, CATH. 
 
 ^ Compare ROW CLOTHE, as faldynge and other lyke, which occurs hereafter. The 
 term faldyng, signifying a l<ind of frieze, or rough-napped cloth, is derived by Skinner 
 from Ang.-Sax. feal d, ^>/ica, because coarse wrappers or mantles were usually made of 
 it. Chaucer describes the West Country shipman as clad 
 
 " In a goune of falding to the knee." Cant. Tales, Prol. 
 Nicholas, the Oxford clerk, had his books, and appliances of science, 
 
 " On shelues all couched at his bed's hed ; 
 His presse icouered with a faldyng red. 
 And all aboue there lay a gay Sautrie." Miller's Tale. 
 Nich. de Schirburn, an ecclesiastic of York, bequeathed, in 1392, ^^ tunic am de nigra 
 faldyng tineatam ; " and Ric. Bridesall, merchant of the same city, makes this devise ; 
 " lego patri meo meam armilamam, videlicet faldyng clok." Testam. Ebor. i. 173, 174. 
 '^Amphibalus, a sclaveyn, a faldynge or a dudd." med. gramm. ' "A faldynge, 
 amfihibalus. A faldynge, plicacio, convolucio." oath. axg. This kind of cloth was 
 supplied, probably, from the North of Europe, and identical with the woollen wrappers 
 of which Hermoldus speaks, " guos nos appellamus Faldones;" Chron. Slav. i. c. 1 ; 
 called by Adam Bremensis " Paldones." Frieze received its name from Friesland, and 
 the rough garments of that country are called by Andrew Borde " dagswaynes,'' as has 
 been noticed above in the note on that word. The Polonie of Scotland may have re- 
 ceived its name from its Polish origin ; see the curious observations on that word ia 
 the Supplement to Jamieson's Dictionary. These garments, as also the Irish mantles, 
 much in request so late as the reign of Charles I. as appears by the Custom-house 
 rates, were, probably, the same as the faldyng ; the last were usually imported in pairs, 
 upon which the duty, as rated in l.i.'jS, was .')*. and by the Kytson Household Book it 
 appears that in l/)73 the price of "a coople of Irish mantells" was 43.v. History 
 of Hengravc. " Endromis, vestis villosa de arietis pelUbus facta, vel pallium forte 
 vil/osum, 6^-c. an yrysshe mantell." ortus. " Bracca, that kynde of a mantell whiche 
 nowe commeth out of Ireland, or a longe garment made of roughe frise." ei.yot, 154'i. 
 Fallin signifies in Irish, according to Lluyd, a mantle, and the term appears to be iden- 
 tical with that used by Giraldus ('amb. in his description of the Irish, composed in 
 1185; " capuliis modicin assuflti sunt et arctis, trans htimeros deorsum, cubito tenus 
 
 protensis sub quibus jilialingis laneis quoque, palliorum vice, utuntur." Topog. 
 
 Hibern. 1. iii. c. 10. The fashion of the ;u/(a//H(/i/.v is exhibited in marginal drawings 
 in a valuable contemporary MS. of Giraldus, in the possession of Sir Thomas Pliillipps ; 
 and it is described by the appellation coccula in the Life of St. Cadoc, MS. Laudav. 
 Ecd. as cited by Spelman, under that word. Sec further Tyrwhitt's Chaucer, and 
 Ledwich's Antiquities of Ireland, 2G7. 
 
 " See hereafter .mowskalle. " A felle for myse, decipula. A mowse felle, mus- 
 cipnla.'' OATH. anc. .^ng.-Sax. miis-fealle, muscipula.
 
 148 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Falle downe to jje growTide, to 
 
 cion' worschyppe. Procido. 
 Fallyn', or happyn'. Accidit, 
 
 even it. 
 Fallyxge downe, idem est quod 
 
 FALLYNGE evylle, or londe 
 
 yvelle.^ Epilencia, vel morbus 
 
 caducus. 
 False. Fctlsus. 
 False, and vntrosty. Perjidus, 
 False, and deceyvable, and yvel 
 
 menynge. Versutus, vefsipellis, 
 
 UG. in verto. 
 Falsheed. Fahitas. 
 Falsheed yn' boke, for yvel wryt- 
 
 ynge. Menda, cath. c. f. ug. 
 Falsyn', or make false. Falsijico. 
 
 False modder, or wenche.^ Ca- 
 
 risia, cath. 
 False wryter. Plastographus, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 False wrytynge. Plastogra- 
 
 phia, CATH. 
 Faltryn' yn ])e tunge. Cespito, 
 
 vel lingua cespitare. 
 Falwe londe (falowen, p.) 
 
 Novo, CATH. 
 
 Falow, londe eryd. JVovale, vel 
 novalis, cath. (ug. in neos. P.) 
 
 Fame, or loos of name."^ Fama. 
 
 Fann to dense wythe corne.* 
 Vannus, cath. 
 
 Fane of a stepylle, or o])er lyke.^ 
 Cherucus, ventilogium. 
 
 ' " I'C falland euylle, epilencia, comicius vel comicialis, morbus eadncvs, noxa, 
 gerenoxa." cath. ang. Epilepsy, or the falling sickness, appears to have been in 
 former times a very prevalent disorder, and had nunaerous ajipellations ; Cotgrave and 
 Sherwood give the following, in French, " le mal caihiqne, mat de terre, le mal S. 
 Jean, le gros mal, le haul mal, mal d'Alcide, mal des cornices, mal de Mahomet, mal 
 de S. Valentin, maladie de S. Jenn^ viaulubec, malubec.''' See londe ivyl. 
 
 2 Mawiher, in the East Anglian dialect, still signifies a girl, according to Forby and 
 Moore ; the explanation of the word carisia given in the Catholicon, has been adoi)ted 
 in the Ortus, " Carisia dicitur lena i^etvs el litigiusa, unde et fallaces ancille, quia 
 veritnte caient, Anglice, false seruauntes," See moder, servaunte. 
 
 3 See Loos, or fame. 
 
 * "A fanne, capisterium, pala, vannus, veiililabrnm.^' cath. ang. Ang. -Sax. fann, 
 ventilabrum. The ancient form of this implement, explained in the Catholicon to be 
 *' ihsltumeiitvm de vimine fachtm, in mrnhn/i scuti, cribrum,^' has undergone little 
 change during several centuries, as exhibited on the sepulchral brass at Chartham, in 
 Kent, representing Sir Robert de Setvans, or de Septem Vannis, who died in l.'JOG. 
 The fan, or van, here appears both on the armorial surcoat, and the ailettes ; the 
 bearing, which is a curious example of the arma cantanlia, or amies parlantes, appears 
 to have been, not seven vans, but three, as given in the Roll of Arms, t. Edw. II. 
 Cott. MS. Calig. A. xviii. A faithful representation of this curious memorial has 
 been given by Messrs. Waller in their valuable Series of Monumental Brasses. 
 
 * " A fayne of a schipe, cheruchus, et cetera ubi a wedercoke." cath. ang. Ang. 
 Sax. fana, vexillum. Chaucer uses this word repeatedly, 
 
 " O stormy peple, unsad and euer untrewe, 
 
 And undiscrete, and changing as a fane ! " Gierke's Tale. 
 
 Among the costs of the construction of a dormitory, at Burcester Priory, in 1424, is a 
 charge for " truncis de ferro, cum ij ventilogiis, viz. Vanys de tyn, ponendis super 
 utrumqxie finem dormitorii ;'' Kennett's Paroch. Ant. ii., 2.i4; and in the accounts of 
 Thomas Lucas, Solicitor-Gen. to Henry VII. for the building of Little Saxham Hall,
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. l49 
 
 Fangyn, or latchyn (lachyn or 
 hentyn, k. n.y Apprehendo. 
 
 Fanne corne, or o))er lyke. Van- 
 no, CATH. 
 
 Fantasy, or fantaii. Fanta^ma, 
 
 fantasia, cath. 
 Fanvn', or fallen' (fanon, p.)- 
 
 Fanula,Dicc.inanijjulus, CATH. 
 
 in 1507, is the entry, " a vane for my vise (winding stairs) ; iv vanys for my bruge." 
 Rokewode's Hist of Suff. 151. Chaucer, in the Manciple's Piologue, alludes to the rural 
 sport of justing " at the fan," in some MSS. " van ; " which has been e.\i)lainecl as sig- 
 nifying a kind of quintain, so termed from its revolving like the fane of a weather-cock. 
 In the curious version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. a passage occurs, however, 
 which would lead to the supposition that Chaucer's allusion refers to a rural conflict, 
 with the winnowing fan, by way of shield ; it declares " how olde werriours were wont 
 to iuste with fannes, and pley with the pil, or the pale ; " and that tyros or young sol- 
 diers ought to have " a shelde niadeof twigges sum what rounde, in maner of a gredryn, 
 the whiche is clepede a fanne — and therwitii they sholdebaue maces of tree." B. 1, c. xi. 
 See QUYNTYXE hereafter. 
 
 * To fang or seize, Ang.-Sax. fang, captura, fangen, captus, is a verb used by R. 
 Brunne, and various writers, as late as Shakespeare. See underfongyn, and latchyn 
 hereafter. 
 
 "^ The etymology of this appellation of the sacred vestment, termed also the maniple, 
 is uncertain ; the Latin joaww?/* has been suggested, the German Fahne, or the Ang. 
 Saxon word of the like signification, fana, vexillum. The resemblance of the maniple 
 to the penon on the lance, called in France fanon, or p/tanon, is obvious. The word 
 can hardly, however, be of Ang. -Saxon derivation, as in ^^Ifric's Glossary, written 
 towards the close of the Xth cent, the maniple is termed " niamialis, -handlin ; " and 
 among the gifts of Bishop Leofric to Exeter Cathedral, about 1050, are mentioned 
 "iv subdiacones handlin." MS. Bodl. Auct. D. 2,16. Leo IV. P.P. towards the 
 middle of the IXth cent, ordained thus, " 7ut/lus catifet sine amicfu, sine alba, .stold, 
 fanone et casuld;'' and a contemporary writer, Rabanus Maurus, says, " quarinm 
 sacerdotis indumtntum mappida sive manlile est, quod vulgo fanonem vacant.'''' Inst. 
 Cler. c. 18. The original intention and use of the maniple is explained by Alcuin and 
 Amalarius, writers of the same period, as follows: ^^ Mapptila, que in sinistrd parte 
 gestiitur, qua piluiiani oculoruni et narium detergimus."' Shortly after, however, the 
 rich and massy ornament bestowed upon the fanon rendered it unsuitable for its original 
 purpose. A specimen discovered at Durham, in the tomb attributed to St. Cuthbert, 
 is still preserved there ; it is elaborately ornamented with needle-work, on a ground 
 woven with gold, and was wrought, as appears by inscriptions upon it, by direction of 
 ./Elfleda, Queen of Edward the Elder, for Frithelstan, consecrated Bp. M inchester 
 A.D. 905. It was probably brought to Durham, with other precious gifts, by Athelstan, 
 the successor of Edward, in 934. This fanon measures 2>2i in. exclusively of a fringe 
 at the ends, 1^ in. deep ; and its breadth is -'J in. Elaborate drawings of this inte- 
 resting relic, and of the stole discovered with it in 1827, arc in the posses.sion of the 
 Society of Antiquaries. They are both ornamented with figures of saints, by which, and 
 other representations, it appears that the fanon was at that period worn loosely thrown 
 over the back of the hand, as on the Bayeux Tapestry in the representation of .\bp. 
 Stigant ; but subsequently it was attached closely round the wrist. In a few instances 
 the fanon appears carried on the right, instead of the left liand, an examiile of wliich 
 occurs in the Bible of Charles the Bald, MS. of the IXtb cent. See Montf. Mon. 
 Franc. 1, pi. xxvi. The fanon was usually of the same suit, de eddent sectd, as the 
 stole, and the parures of the amice and the alb ; the material of which they were formed 
 was most costly, .\mong the gifts of Will, de Elintune to Rochester, it is recorded,
 
 150 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Fardel LE, or trusse. Fardellus. 
 Fare, or boost. Juctancia, ar- 
 
 rogancia. 
 Fare, or ledynge of lyfe. Valitudo. 
 Fare, of schepemen be ))e see. 
 
 Navigium. 
 Fare makere, or bostowre. Jac- 
 
 tator, philocomjms, c. f. 
 (Fare well, p. Vale, valete.) 
 Fare welle, or elle mon' («c) 
 
 (badly, k. p.) Valeo, c. f. 
 Faryn' owte of ])e cuntre. De< 
 
 patrio. 
 Faryn' ovyr jje see, or watur (on 
 
 the see, p.)' Meo, transmeo, 
 
 navigo. 
 
 Farcyd, as metys. Farcitus. 
 
 Faarce mete (farsen, p.) Farcio, 
 farcino, cath. 
 
 Farsure. Farsura , farsumen. 
 
 Fart. TriiUa, bombus, cath. 
 
 Fartare. Pedo. 
 
 Fartox'. Pedo, CATH. 
 
 Yartysge. Peditura,bombizacio. 
 
 Facelyn', as clothys (faselyn, p.)^ 
 Vi/lo. 
 
 Fasy'lle of a clothe (or other 
 lyke, p.) Fractillus, c. f. (vil- 
 lus, cath. p.) 
 
 Fassyoxe, or knowlechynge (fa- 
 cyon, p.) Fassio, confessio, 
 
 Fassyone, or factyone, forme of 
 
 " dedit sfolam et fannm de nigrd pnrpurd — de viride ciclade — de albd pitrpurd,^' &c. 
 Reg. Roff. 119. They were ornamented with gems, pearls, and goldsmith's work, as 
 appears by the inventories of the treasuries at Old St. Paul's and Lincoln, printed by 
 Dugdale. It must be observed that some distinction seems to have been made in Italy 
 in the Xlth cent, between the fanon and the maniple, but its precise nature has not 
 been ascertained. See the account of the gifts of Abbot Desiderius, Chron. Monast. 
 Casin. Murat. iv. 429,487. " Fannell for a preeste's arme, /a?jOM." palsg. " Fanon, 
 a fannell or maniple, a scarfe-like ornament worne on the left arme of a sacrificing 
 Priest." COTG. 
 
 ' To fare, Anj?.-Sax. faran, ire, is a verb frequently used by the earlier writers, as 
 R. Brunne, Rob. of Gloucester, Langtoft, and Chaucer. 
 " Ten thousand prest and yare. 
 
 Into batail for to fare." K. Alisaunder, line 1188. 
 
 Sir Thomas de la More, in his Life of Edward II. relates that at Bristol, on the way to 
 Berkeley Castle, Thomas de Gorney put upon his head a crown made of hay, and the 
 soldiers " ironid nimis acerbd dixerunt, fare forth Syr Kynge." Ed. Camden, p. 602. 
 Minot, speaking of the journey of Edward III. into Brabant, in 1338, says, 
 
 " Unto France fast will he fare, 
 To confort hym with grapes." 
 
 Various significations of this verb are given by Palsgrave, " I fare, I go a iournay. I 
 fare with one, orentreate hym well or yuell. I fare, I playe at a game so named at the 
 dyse. I fare, I resemble another thyng in my dealing. I fare, I take on, as one doth y' is in 
 sorowe. " Occasionally it is used in the sense of compelling to go ; thus, in the Towneley 
 Mysteries, Herod, enraged at the birth of Christ, declares, 
 " Under my feete I shalle thaym fare. 
 
 Those ladys that wille (not) lere my lare." p. 120. 
 
 2 Palsgrave gives the verb " I fasyll out, as sylke or veluet dothe, le raule ; my 
 sieve is fasylled, rawe/ee. Fasyll of clothe, ca*«ure." ? Ang.-Sa.\. fxs, fimbria. The 
 term to ravel, now generally used in this sense, thus appears to be derived, not from 
 the verb to reave, or tear away, as it has been supposed, but from the French.
 
 PROMPTOKIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 151 
 
 makyr\ge.Fo7'ma,formefactura, 
 
 fonnefactio. 
 Fast, or bowndyn', or festyd. 
 
 Vinctus, ligatiis. 
 Fast, or festyd be clevynge to, or 
 
 naylyngc. FLrus, conjixus. 
 Faste of abstynence (or fastynge, 
 
 K.) Jejuniiim. 
 Fast A RE. Jejunatov^jejunatrix. 
 Fast gonge, or schroffetyde, or 
 
 gowtyde (fastyngon, p.)' Carni- 
 
 privium (et carnibrevium, p.) 
 Fastyn'. Jejuno. 
 
 Fastynge. Jejunus, impransus, 
 
 c. F. 
 Fastynge, idem r/uod faste. 
 Fate, vesselle.^ Cuva, c. f. cupa 
 
 vel cupus, c. F. Dice. 
 Fat, or fet. Pinguis. 
 Fat fowle, or beste, mestyde 
 
 to be slayne (masted, p.)^ Al- 
 
 tile, ug. in alo. 
 (Fatyn, or lesyn colour, k. Mar- 
 
 ceo.) 
 Fa TN ESSE. Pinguedo, crassitudo, 
 
 adeps. 
 
 ' " Fastyngange, camiprivinm.^^ cath, ang. Palsgrave gives "at fastyns, at 
 Fastyngonge, « Quaresme prenarit.''' Blount, in his Dictionary of Hard Words, 1680, 
 gives " fasguntide " as a Norfolk word, which Forby considers as now obsolete. In 
 the statement made by the citizens of Norwich respecting a riot that occurred in 1441 , 
 termed Gladman's Insurrection, they declare that it originated in the circumstance that 
 the said Thomas Gladman " on Tuesday, in the last ende of Cristemesse, viz. Fastyn- 
 gonge Tuesday, madeadisi)ort with his neyghbours, coronned as Kyng of Cristemesse." 
 Blomf. Hist. ii. 111. A detailed account of such local usages at Shrove-tide will be 
 found in Brand's Popular Antiqu. vol. i. Hardyng, relating the conflict between the 
 Yorkists and Queen Margaret, which closed with the battle of St. Alban's, Shrove 
 Tuesday, Febr. 17, 1461, says, 
 
 " And southward came thei then therfore 
 
 To Sainct Albones, vpon the fastyngange eue {al. fastirne.)" Chron. c. 2.37. 
 
 The term is compounded from Ang.-Sax. fsesten, _;e;MniM»i, and Sonj, iter, or going, 
 the commencement of Lent. " Caresme prenant, Fastnes, or Shrove Tuesday.'' 
 
 COTG. 
 
 2 " A fatte, cupa, cuva. A fattmaker, cuparius." cath. axg. "Cupa, a coupe, 
 or a fatte, or stope." ortus. " Fatte, a vessel, quevue. Fatte to dye in, auiier h 
 taindre.^' pai.sg. " Cut-e, an open tub, a fat, or vat." cotg. Ang.-Sax. fset, fat, ra*, 
 Caxton, in the Book for Travellers, enumerates " thinges that ben vsed after the hous, 
 — platers, disshes, saussers, sallyers, trenchours ; these thinges shall ye fyude of tree, 
 and of erthe. Now after, a disshe fat {esculier) where me leyeth therin tlie forsaid 
 thinges, and the spones of tree." There was a local measure of grain, called a fat, 
 identical with the cupa, cupus, or cuva, and which contained a quarter, or 8 bushels. 
 The Stat. 1 Hen. V. c. 10, recites that it had been ordained that there should be only 
 one measure, namely 8 bushels to the quarter ; but that the purveyors of the Crown 
 ■were accustomed to take !), and the merchants and citizens of London take of all sellers 
 the same quantity, as a quarter of wheat, "par un meiiure use deitis la dicte Citee, 
 appelU le faat, ove un busnell mys sur le dit faat." The word coupe does not occur in 
 the Promptorium, in the same sense as f.\te, but is so given in the Ortus and the 
 Cath. Ang. " A cowpe, cw;>fl. A cowper, cj/ziari/zs." Caxton says in the Book for 
 Travellers, " Paule the couper maketh and formaketh the keupis (refaict les cuties.)" 
 
 3 See Mastyn beestys, hereafter. Ang.-Sax. mtestan, saginare.
 
 152 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Fawcett.' Clipsidra. 
 Fawchun, knyfe or swerde.^ 
 
 Machera, c. F. et cath. semis- 
 
 pata, UG. 
 Fawkenere (fawconer, p.) Fal- 
 
 conarius. 
 Fawkon', hawke. Falco. 
 Fawn', supra, idem quod fayne. 
 Fawnyn' as howndys. Applaudo, 
 
 hlandior. 
 Fawnynge of howndys. Plausus, 
 
 applausus. 
 Favoryn'. Faveo. 
 Favowre. Favor. 
 Fawte, or defawte. Defectus. 
 Fawty, or defawty. Defectivus. 
 FAWTOUR,ormeyntynore. Fautor. 
 Fee. Feodus. 
 Febylle, or weyke. Debilis, im- 
 
 hecillus, BRIT. 
 Febylle, or lytylle worthe. Exilis. 
 
 Febylnesse, or weykenesse. De- 
 
 bilitas. 
 Febylnesse, or lytylle of valure. 
 
 ExiUtas, invalitudo. 
 Feblyn', or make feble (febelyn, 
 
 p.) Debilito. 
 Fedde wythe mete. Pransus, 
 
 pasties. 
 Fedyn' wythe mete. Cibo, pasco, 
 
 eSCO, CATH. 
 
 Fedynge, or fode. Pastum, ali- 
 mentum, alimonia, vicius. 
 
 Feede chyldryn' wythe pappe 
 mete. Papo, c. f. 
 
 Fedyr. Penna^ plitma. 
 
 Fedyrfu, or fedyrfoy, herbe. 
 Febriffuga. 
 
 Federyn'j or feteryn'. Compe- 
 
 dio, CATH. 
 
 Federys, or feterys of pryson* 
 (fettirs, p.) Compes. 
 
 ' Clepsidra is explained in the Ortus to be the same as " docillus, Anglice a perser 
 or a spygote." See dottell, dossell, above. " Faucet, to drawe v;yne, faucet, hroche 
 d estovper le vhi." palsg. This word is derived from the French, ya?</ce/. 
 
 * " A fawchone, riimphea, framea, sjjata.'" cath. ang. This appellation of a 
 sword with a curved blade is taken from the French yhwc/^ow, a diminutive oi fmioc, 
 from tlie Latin falx. Thefauchon is frequently mentioned by Guiart, who wrote at 
 the close of the Xlllth cent, and seems to have been identical with the. f also, often 
 named at tiiat period, and theya^ceo, which is included among weapons that monks 
 were forbidden to bear by the Stat. Cistert. Ord. A.D. 1202. An early instance of the 
 use of this weapon occurs in the curious designs of t. Edward I. discovered in the 
 Painted Cliamber at Westminster, given in the Vetusta Monumenta. When Launfal 
 is assailed by the lords of Lorabardy, in unequal conflict, 
 
 " Sir Launfal brayde out hys fochon, 
 
 And, as ly3t as dewe, he layde hem donne." 
 
 Launfal Miles. Cott. MS. Calig. A. ii. 
 
 It must be observed, however, that the fauchon and falso seem occasionally to be 
 named with long-handled weapons, and that the falchion U)ay occasionally have been a 
 kind of bill, with the curved or scythe-shaped blade, whence the name was taken. 
 Chaucer uses the word as signifying a sword, and in Piers Ploughman's Vision allusion 
 occurs to St. Paul, keeping tiie gate of heaven with his " favvchon." Palsgrave gives 
 " Fawchyon, a wepen, marguy baston de ivif ; " and Cotgrave, " Malcus, a faulchion, 
 hangar, wood-knife."
 
 PRO^fPTORIU^I PARVULORUNf. 
 
 153 
 
 Feffyd. Feofatus (feofactus,v.) 
 Fefement. Feofamentum. 
 Fefowre. Feofatus. 
 Fetche, corne, or tare (fehche, 
 
 K.) Vicia, UG. in vincio, cro- 
 
 bus, c. F. 
 Fetchyn, or fettyn'. Affero. 
 Fetchynge, or fettynge. AUa- 
 
 tura. 
 (FEYAR,orfo\var,t?j/>'a in goonge 
 
 FYRMAR.)' 
 
 Feynare (feynour, p.) Fictor, 
 
 simulator. 
 Feynyd. Fictus. 
 Feynyd thynge. Ficticium. 
 Feynyd sleythe of falshede (feyn- 
 
 }Tig, sleithe, h. feyned sleyte, p.^ 
 
 Com(m)entum, cath. c. f. 
 Feynyn'. Fingo. 
 Feynyn' yn syngynge, or synge 
 
 lowe.^ Succino, cath. 
 Feynynge. Fictio, simulacio. 
 Feynt. Segnis. 
 Feynt hertyd. Vecors. 
 Feyntnes of herte, or coward- 
 
 nesse (fejiityse of herte, or cow- 
 
 ardyse, k. p.) Vecordia. 
 (Feyxtyn, k. II. feynten, p. feote, 
 
 J. feyte, w.)' Fatesco. 
 
 Feyntenesse, or feyntyse (feble- 
 
 nesse, p.) Segnicies. 
 Feynt LY. Segniter. 
 Feyyr, or feyre. Nundine. 
 Feyghte, or fyghtynge (feyt, or 
 
 feytyng, k.) Pugna, certa- 
 
 men. 
 Feyghtare. Pugnator, certovy 
 
 certator. 
 Fegiitare, or baratowre (feyter, 
 
 p.) Pugnax, c. F. 
 Feyghtyn' (feytyn, k. feythtyii, 
 
 H.) Pugno, cath. hello, di- 
 
 mico. 
 Feythe. Fides. 
 Feythe breke(r), or comnant 
 
 (breker.) Fidifvagusjidifragu, 
 
 Feythfulle and trusty. Fidelis. 
 
 Feythefulnesse. Fidelitas. 
 
 Felle, or fers.' Severus, ferus, 
 
 Jellitus,ferox (bilosus, J'elleus, 
 
 atrox, p.) 
 Fela, or felowe (felawe, p.) So- 
 
 cius (^consors, p.) 
 Fela, or felow at mete. Sodalis. 
 Fela, or felow yn' travayle. So- 
 
 cius. 
 Fela, or felow yn offyce. Col- 
 
 lega, cath. 
 
 > The word feyar, introduced here on the authority of Pj^nson's edition, is derived 
 from the verb to fie or fey, used by Tusser, and still known in the East Anglian dialect. 
 " Escureur, a scowrer, cleanser, feyer." cotg. See fyi.v, and fowau. 
 
 - Palsgrave says, " I feyne in syngyng, le chante a basse voi/x. \\'c may nat synge 
 out, we are to nere my lorde, but lette us fayne this songe." 
 
 3 In the version of Vegecius attributed to Trevisa, it is recommended that the host 
 in marches " be not highely fayntede with iourneyeng of weyes in the heteof the day,'" 
 but in summer should rest from " vndren' to myde ouernone." B. iii. c. '2. 
 
 ^ " Felle, acer, acerbus, asper, atrox, aus(erus,/eroj\ &c. To be felle, barbarizare, 
 sevire. To make felle, ferare. Felly, acriter. A felines, atrocitas, rigor, Ike." 
 CATH. ANG. " Fell or fierse, as a person is for modynesse. Fyers, fell, rigoreu.v,fier. 
 Fell, orfelonyshe,/e/onne?w. Felaesse.rfcs/v/Verie." palsg. Ang.-Sa-x. fell, cruf/e/i*, 
 felnys, crtidelitas. 
 
 CAM. SOC. ^
 
 154 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Felow yn' walkynge by ]>e way 
 (in iourney, p.) Comes. 
 
 Fela, orfelow in scole. Consors. 
 
 Socius in periculo, coUega in 
 officio, comes in itinere, consors 
 in premio, sodcdis in mensd, vel 
 in sede ; hec UG. in sagio. 
 
 Felowys, y-knytte to-gedyr in 
 wykydnesse. Complices, c. F. 
 complex, UG. in plico. 
 
 Felowly. Socialiter, sodaliter. 
 
 Felyschepe (felowshepe, p.) So- 
 cialitas, societas, contuherniiim. 
 
 Feelde. Ager, campus, rus, 
 arvum. 
 
 Feldefare, byrde (felfare, p.) 
 Ruriscus. 
 
 Feleable. Socialis. 
 
 (Feelabyll, p. Sensibilis.) 
 
 Felyn'. Sencio. 
 
 Felyn' wythe handys, or gropyn. 
 
 Palpo. 
 Fellyn', orcastyn' downe (fallen, 
 
 p.) Prosterno, dejicio. 
 Feloxe, soore.' Antrax, c. f. 
 
 carhunctdus, c. F. 
 Felone, thef. Scef.estus. 
 Felonye. Scelus. 
 Feelte, or qwylte.^ Filtrum, 
 
 CATH. c. v.fnltvum, kylw. 
 Feltryke, herbe.^ Fistra, fel 
 
 terre, centaurea. 
 Felwe of a qwele (whele, p.) 
 
 Cantus, c. F. CATH. timpanu7n, 
 
 CATH. circumferencia. 
 Femel, no male. Femella. 
 Fe.melle. Feminius. 
 Femvnyne, or woman lyke. Mu- 
 
 liebris ffemininus, p.) 
 Fenne.-* Lahina, palus, cath. ug. 
 
 ^ " CarJ?mcM/w«, the felone." ortus. " Felon, a sore, ewYraci/." palsg. " Furun- 
 culus, a score called a felon ; also a soore callid a cattes bear, whicliebreketh out in the 
 fingers with great wheales and nioche peyne. Tayax, a felon, whiche happenelh ou a 
 mann's fynger." klyot. Baret gives " A fellon, vncomme, or catte's haire ; a bile or 
 sore that riseth in man's bodie,yMruwc?</«*; Bossette dure, ou froncle, vng clou. A 
 fellon, or impostumation vnder the rootes of the nailes, paronychia ; " and Cotgrave, 
 " Furuncule, a fellon, or whitlaw ; Panary, a felon, or whitlaw, at the end of a finger." 
 Gerard recommends as a remedy the Per*/ca/"ia Ayrfro^j?;;/^, or arsmart, which, "bruised 
 and bound upon an imposthume in the ioynts of the fingers (called among the vulgar 
 sort a fellon or vncome,) taketh away the paine." Elyot explains the term uncome as 
 follows : " adventitiwi morbus, syckenes that cometh without our defaute, and of some 
 mnen is callyd an vncome.'' 
 
 2 The Catholicon explains ^///-j/w to be so called "quia ex fiUs, i. pilis animalium 
 fiat," and the Ortus renders "yultrum, illud rjuod ornat ledum, site lecti apodia- 
 menium." The term felt appears to have signified, at a very early period, a material 
 formed of wool, not woven, but comj)acted together, suitable even for a garment of 
 defence, so that the gambeson is sometimes terxnuA felt rum . " Centrum velfiltrum, felt." 
 Gloss. ^Ifrici. la Norfolk a thickly matted growth of weeds spreading by their roots, 
 as couch-grass, is termed a felt. 
 
 ^ This herb is the small centaury, which was calledyV/ terre, and in Dutch Eerdegall, 
 from the excessive bitterness, and possibly the deep yellow colour of its juice, which 
 in some countries was used by women to dye their hair, when yellow hair was the pre- 
 valent fashion. By modern botanists it is known as the Erythro'a cevtaurium. Fel- 
 tryke appears to be merely a corruption of the Latin name ; Cotgrave gives " Sacotin, 
 feaver-wort, earth-gall, common centory." 
 
 * Fenne has occasionally, as the Ang.-Sax. fenn, the abstract signification of mire.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PAUVULORUM. 
 
 155 
 
 Fence, or defence of closjiige 
 (clothinge, p.) Defensio, muni- 
 cio, defensaculum, ug, injenso. 
 
 Fence, defence fro enmyes. Pro- 
 teccio, defensio. 
 
 Fencyd, or defencyd. Defensus, 
 munitus, defensatiis, ug. 
 
 Fensyn', supra in defencyn'. 
 
 Feende. Diahohts, demon. 
 
 Fexdowrk, or defendowre. De- 
 fensor, j)rotector. 
 
 Fenestkalle.' FenestreUa,fe- 
 nestrale. 
 
 Fenkylle, or fenclle.- Feni- 
 cufum, c. F. vel feniculus, 
 Dice, (rnaratrum, p.) 
 
 Thus in tbe version of Vegecius, Roy. j\IS. 18 A. XII. it is related that Scipio bid his 
 Spanish prisoners cleanse and dig ditches, " with this reprouable scorne ; ye ben 
 worthy, he saide, to be blottede and spottede, foulede and defoulede with fenne and 
 with drit of water (luiu inquinari) and of blode, )>3X in tyme of werre ne were not, ne 
 wolde nat be bespreynt ne be wette with ennemyes blode." B. iii. c. 10. 
 
 ' Before the general introduction of glazed windows, their place was supplied by 
 framed blinds of cloth or canvas, termed fenestralls, which are mentioned in the 
 accounts of the executors of Queen Eleanor, A.D. 1291, as follows: "-^ pro canabo ad 
 feneatrallas, ad scaccarium Regina; apud Wcstmonasterium, iijd." Household Expenses, 
 presented to the Roxburghe Club by B. Botfield, Esq. p. 133. " Fenestrall, c/tassis 
 de toille, on de paiipier (papier.)'' palsg. Herman says that " glasen wyndowis 
 let in the lyght, and kepe out the winde ; paper or lyn clothe straked acrosse with 
 losyngys make fenestrals in stede of glasen wyndowes. I wyll have a latesse (clathrvm) 
 before the glasse for brekyuge. I have many prety wyndowes shette with leuysgoynge 
 up and downe {canestelltB qua attolli et demitti possunt)." Not long subsequently to 
 the time when Horman wrote, glazed windows became so generally in use that the 
 fenestrall was laid aside. Harrison, who wrote his description of England about 1579, 
 speaks of " lattise made of wicker, or fine rifts of oke in chekerwise," formerly much 
 used in country houses instead of glass, as being then obsolete. He speaks of the use 
 of horn, selenite, and berill, for glazing windows, observing that of the last "an 
 example is yet to be scene in Sudleie castell ; " and states that glass had become so 
 cheai) and plentiful, being imported from Burgundy, Normandy, and Flanders, as well 
 as made in England, of good quality, that every one who chose might have abundance. 
 B. ii. c. 12. Holiush. Chron. i. 187. Leland noticed "the Hawle of Sudlcy Castle 
 glased with rownd Beralls." Itin. iv. f. 170, a; viii. f. 74, b. 
 
 2 "Fenelle, or fenkelle,y«i/cM/M»i, rnaratrum." cath. ang. The numerous virtues 
 of this herb are thus summed up in the King's Coll. MS. of the Promptorium : 
 
 " Bis duo dat rnaratrum, febres ftirjat atque venerium, 
 Et puryat stotnacum, iic reddit lumen acutum.'' 
 Macer gives a detailed account, in which the following remarkable passages occur : 
 " )>e edderes wole ete fencl, when her yen dasnyl), and so she getih a-yene her clere 
 sighte ; and I'er J>oroghe it is founde and prevcd hat fenel del' profit to mannis yene : 
 i>e yen hat ben dusked, and dasiiih, shul be anoynted wit he ius of fenelle rotis medeled 
 wit hony ; and his oynement shalle jiut a-way alle l>e dascwenesse of hem, and make 
 hem bryjt." The virtue of fennel, in restoring youth, was a discovery attributed 
 likewise by Macer to serpents ; " ['is prouih auctours and filisoferis, for serpentis whan 
 men (aiV) olde, and willeth to wexe stronge, myghty, and yongly a-yean, Ki gon and 
 eten ofte fenel, and hei become yonghche and myghty." MS. in the possession of H. W. 
 Diamond, Esq. Fknkyllk is obviously a corruption of the Latin name; this herb is 
 still called in German Fenchel, and in Dutch Vcnckcl. In Tiers Ploughman's Vision 
 mention occurs of 
 
 " A fcrthing worth of fynkcl-scde for fastynge dales."
 
 156 
 
 PROiMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Fenkylle, or fenelle seede. Ma- 
 
 ratrum, c. f. 
 Fente of a clothe.' Fihulatorium, 
 
 c. T.Jiiitbria. 
 Feer, or ferdenesse. Timor, 
 
 terror, et cetera in D, drede, 
 
 dredefuUe. 
 (Ferdfull thinge, quat so it be, 
 
 K. p. Terrihilum, c. F.) 
 Fer, or fer a-way. Alonge, procul, 
 
 eminus, longe. 
 Fersse (feers, p.) idem quod 
 
 FELLE, supra. 
 
 Fercehede. Ferocitas, severitas. 
 Fery over a watyr. Pormeus, 
 
 CATH. UG. in neo. 
 Feryage. Feriagium, naulum, 
 
 potomium, c. F. cath. 
 FeryxYlle. Ferialis. 
 Feryare. Pormeus, cath. 
 Feryboot. Portemia, c. f. 
 Feryn', or make a-ferde.- Terreo, 
 
 perterreo. 
 Fery place, idem quod fery. 
 Feerme, a rent. Firma. 
 Ferme, and stabylle. Firmus, 
 
 ^ In the Assembly of Ladies, a poem attributed to Chaucer, Attemperaunce is 
 described as arrayed in a blue gown of cloth of gold, in tabard-wise, purfled, or trimmed 
 with fur, and set with pearls and diamonds. 
 
 " After a sort, the collar and the vent, 
 
 Like as armine is made in purfeling, 
 
 With great pearles full fine and orient. 
 
 They were couched all after one worching." 
 The glossarist interprets vent as signifying " the fore-part ; " but this does not suffi- 
 ciently explain the term. In the Xlllth Cent, the fent or vent appears at the collar of 
 the robe, both in male and female costume, being a short slit closed by a broocli, and 
 ■which served for greater convenience in putting on a dress so fashioned as to fit closely 
 round the throat. This is shown by the effigies at Fontevrault, engraved by Stothard, 
 and especially by those of Queen Bercngaria, at the abbey of I'Espan, and of Richard L, 
 recently discovered at Rouen. Archaeol. xxix. pi. xxi. In these instances it is suffi- 
 ciently apparent why the fent should be termed, as in the Promptorium, fihulatorium ; 
 but at a later period being considerably prolonged, the opening of the robe in front ex- 
 tending often mucii below the waist, a brooch was no longer sufficient to close it. At 
 the period when Chaucer wrote, the fent was trimmed with rich furs, and the fastenings 
 were ornaments of chased work, jewelled, of a very splendid description. They are 
 termed in inventories " attachei/," and exhibited on the effigies of Lady Mohun, and of 
 Joan of Navarre, Queen of Henry IV., at Canterbury. The less richly decorated effigy 
 of Queen Philippa, at Westminster, presents an example of the fent, simply closed by a 
 lace ; and the combination of furs and jewels in this part of costume appears in many 
 MS.S. which have furnished Strutt with examples, among wliicli may particularly be 
 mentioned Roy. M.S. IG G. V. See Strutt's Dresses, pi. xciv. The propriety of ap- 
 plying to the fent thus purfled and adorned, the term Jiml/ria, as in the Promptorium, 
 is evident, as likewise limhiis, which is given by Ducange, on an ancient authority, as 
 synonymous y;\i\\ Jihulatorivm. In the Wardrobe of Sir John Fastolf, A.D. 14.5f), there 
 was " j jakket of red felwct, the ventis bounde with red lether." Archeeol. xxi. 233. 
 " Fente of a gowne, fente.^^ palsg. 
 * The xise of the verb to fear, in an active sense, is not uncommon. 
 
 *' Tliat rybaude fcred me with his loke, 
 
 That confort to me coude I none take." (astell of Labour, 1500". 
 " AlHlerrere, i. peuilua terrere, /4nylicc, to fayr. Terreo, i. terrorem infvrre, to feere.'* 
 ORTis. " I fcart: one, I make Iiym afrayde. I fearc awaye, skarre away, as we do 
 beestcs or byrdcs, f/ec/«awc/." palsg. Ang. -Sax. fairan, /crrcrf. See fesvn'.
 
 I'HOMPTORIUM PAKVULORUM. 
 
 157 
 
 ralus, unde dicitiw in Uterd 
 attornatus, ratum et gratum, 
 ferme and stabylle, cath. 
 
 Fermerye. Injirmaria, infir- 
 mitorittm. 
 
 Fermyn', or take a {jyiige to 
 ferme. Firmo, eel ad Jirmam 
 accipio. 
 
 Fermowre. Firmarius. 
 Ferrowre, smythe.' Ferrarius, 
 
 CA'VH. ferrator, com.m. 
 Feertyr (fertyr, K. fert', i'. 
 
 fcrtur, J.)- Feretrum. 
 Fervexte. Fervens, f'ervidus. 
 Feruently. Ferventer. 
 Feruowre. Fervor. 
 
 1 In the will of the Earl of Essex, 1361 , occur bequests " a Me.ifre Thomas leferour, 
 V. marcs ; a un garsoii pur le ferour, a:x'S. ; a un garson feurer, i. marc.^' Royal 
 Wills, p. 50. Elyot renders " veterinarius tnedicus, a horseleche, or terror," now 
 called corruptedly a farrier. In the version of Pliny, by Holland, it is related that the 
 Empress Poppsea "was knowne to cause her ferrers ordinarily to shoe her coach 
 horses, and other palfries, &c. with cleane gold." B. xxxiij. c. 11. In the order of the 
 Pageants of the Play of Corpus Christi, at York, 14ir), are enumerated among the 
 various trades, "smythes, fevers." Sharpe's Coventry Mysteries, p. 1.37. This last 
 appellation is taken directly from the old French, /evre, febvre, or ferre, a black- 
 smith. 
 
 2 Among the appliances of a sacred nature, there were feretra of two kinds ; first, 
 the bier for carrying the corpse to the grave, "feretrum, bsere," Gloss. iElfric, thus 
 mentioned in the laws of Henry I., " amici extrahant rnortuum, deferentcs in fere- 
 trum, et portantes eum ad ecclesiam." By the Constitutions of Will, de Bleys, 
 1229, and Walter de Cantilupe, 1240, Bishops of Worcester, as also of Abp. 
 Peckham, 1280, among the ornaments and requisites to be provided in every church, at 
 the charge of the parishioners, was included '■^ fereirurn competens ad sepulturam mor- 
 tuoruin.^' Wilkins, i. 623, 666 ; ii. 49. In its secondary sense yi?;e/r(/»H signitied a 
 portable shrine, containing the relics of saints, and carried in processions on a frame 
 similar to the ordinary bier; and also stationary shrines of similar fashion, but which it 
 was not customary to display as gestatory ornaments, such as those of St. Cuthbert at 
 Durham, or St. Thomas of Hereford, in the cathedral there. It is recorded in Reg. 
 Roff. 120, that " Willielmus Rex /4ngUe magnus, in articulo nwrtis (10H7) dedit — 
 feretrum, cum altari gestatorio deargentato, et pallium cum leonibus." In 13.55, Eliza- 
 beth de Clare, daughter of Gilbert Earl of Gloucester, made the following bequest : 
 " Je devise a Seint Thomas de Hereford un ymage de n're dame, d' argent surorri, 
 d'estre tac/ic siir son Jiertre." Roy. Wills, p. 31. In the ancient documents relating 
 to the shrine of St. Cuthbert the term feretrum implies, as Mr. Raine states, not the 
 shrine itself, but the quadrangular space or oratory wherein it stood : the keeper had 
 the title offeretrarius. See Raine's Saint Cuthbert. Amongst numerous representations 
 of theferetniM may be mentioned the procession of St. Alban's shrine, in the MS. of M. 
 Paris, with drawings, supposed to be by his own hand, Cott. MS. Xero, D. i. ; Strutt's 
 Manners and Customs, i. pi. Ixiv. One occasion on which it was customary to carry 
 the feret ra in procession, was at the parochial perambulations iu Rogation week, a full 
 account of which will be found in Brand's Popular Antiqu. vol. i. llorman, in his 
 chapter of sacred matters, says, " We two niuste beare the feretrum {lensam gcxtare) 
 a procession in the gauge dayes." The term " fertre " occurs in Langtoft's Chronicle ; 
 and in the Golden Legend mention is made of the " fyerte," or shrine of St. .Vlphey, 
 f. 117,b. "rierte,Jiertre,Jictre: C/kixso, relif/uaire, Orancard." Rouvv.y. Tiic term 
 feretrum in the MS. Ordinar. Ecc. Rotom. signifies the pyxis, wherein the consecrated 
 
 liucharist is deposited.
 
 158 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Fertiiyn', or ferthynge. Qua- 
 
 drans. 
 Fesawnt, byi'de.' Fasianus, or- 
 
 nix, CATH. 
 
 Fesyn', idem quod fekyW, supra? 
 
 Fest, or teyynge (festnynge, p.) 
 Ligamen. 
 
 Fest, or teyynge of a schyppe, or 
 bootys (festnynge, p.) Scala- 
 mux, CATH. jironexium, c. f. 
 Testis, c. F. 
 
 Feeste of mete and drynke. Fes- 
 tiim, convivimn. 
 
 Feest, or fedynge of mete and 
 drynke in holy chyrche/^ -^go-- 
 pes. Nota, de Agape in Jure., 
 distinctione .rlij'., Si qnis ; et 
 Raijmundus, lib. 3, tit. 4. 
 
 Festyd, or fed wythe goode mete 
 and drynke. Convivatiis, cath. 
 
 Festyd, or teyyd fast to a thynge. 
 FLvus, conjixus. 
 
 Festyn', or cleve to. Figo, af- 
 
 Jigo, conjigo. 
 Festyn', or byynd to-gedyr. Ligo, 
 
 alligo (^colligo, p.) 
 Festyn' (within a thinge, p.) or 
 
 knyttyn' yn' to a thynge, or 
 
 gryffyii', or ojjer lyke. Insero. 
 Festyn', or make feestys, and 
 
 feede men'. Convivor, cath. 
 Festynge to a thynge (festnyng 
 
 to, p.) Conjixio^fixura. 
 Festynge wythe mete and drynke. 
 
 Convivatus, convivatorium, 
 
 cath. 
 Feestryd, as wowndys (as sores, 
 
 p.) Cicatricus. 
 Feestryd wownde. Cicatrix. 
 Feestryn', as wowndys, or sorys. 
 
 Sanio. 
 Fees trynge of wowndys. Cica- 
 
 tricatio, cicatricatus. 
 (Festu, infra in fyschelle.)-* 
 
 ' The pheasant was brought inlo Europe from the banks of the Phasis, in Colchis, 
 according to Martial, by the Argonauts ; it was highly esteemed by the Romans, and 
 possibly introduced by them into England. In default of positive evidence as to its 
 existence here in early times, it can only be stated that about the time when the Promp- 
 torium was comi)iled, it had become sufficiently abundant in East Auglia. Thus in the 
 Howard Household Book, amongst the costs incurred at I})swich, in 1407, " wliane Syr 
 John Howard and Mastyr Thomas Brewse were chosen knyghtes of the shyre," occurs 
 the item, "xij fesawntes, pryse xij.9." Household Expenses, presented to the Roxburghe 
 Club by B. Botfield, Esq. p. 3y,9. " Oniix eat y alius vel gallina silvestris, Ant/lice a 
 fesande or a werkok." ortus. " A fesande, fasianns." cath. ang. 
 
 2 R. Brunne uses the word "fesid," which Hearne explains as meaning whipped or 
 beaten (p. li)'2.) Ang. -Sax. {iisiai\,fuffarc. 
 
 3 The love-feasts, or ciyinrai of the primitive Christians, were held in the churches ; 
 but this usage was suppressed by the Council of Constantinople, A. D. ()91 , and discoun- 
 tenanced by Gregory the Great, in his Letter to the British converts. It is prol)able 
 that the author here refers solely to the primitive custom. There is no evidence that 
 the practice of feasting in churches had been retained in any part of England ; but it 
 a])pears probable that the aynjie of the earlier times gave rise to the church-ale, of 
 wiiich, and of wakes, frequently celebrated near the precinct of the church, a full 
 account will be found in Brand's Popular Antiqu. See the Hierolexicon D. Macri, 
 Ducange, and Spelman, v. Ayape. 
 
 * In Piers Ploughman's Vision, line (ilH.'J, where allusion is made to Matth. vii. 3, 
 the mote in the eye, fesltica, is termed " festu." The Medulla likewise renders 
 "/esluca, a festu, or a lytul mote." The name was applied to the straw, or stick
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 159 
 
 Fet, or fatte, as flesshe and ojjer 
 lyke. Pingiiis, crassus, ohesus, 
 
 Feteryd. Compeditus. 
 
 Feteryn', sitjjra (m federyn'.) 
 
 Fetyce, or praty.' Parvunculus, 
 elegantulus. 
 
 Fettynge, supra in fetchynge. 
 
 Fetyr (of prison, p.) supra in 
 FETHYR (sic, sed rectius fe- 
 derys) et pedica, c. F. 23^diw, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Fetyrlokke. Sera compedi- 
 talis (sera cornpedita, p.) 
 
 Fettnesse, supra in fattenes, 
 et popa, sagina. 
 
 Fewe. Paucus, paucuhis. 
 
 Fewenesse (or scassenes, k.) 
 Paucitas, paucedo. 
 
 Fewte. Vestigium. 
 
 (Fewte, or omage, ii. fewtye, or 
 
 homage, v? Omagium.) 
 (Fewte, k. PideHtas.) 
 FyJ* Vath, racha (vaa, p.) 
 Fy(a)l, or fyoUe (fyall, or cruet, 
 
 n. p.) Fiala, cath. 
 Fydyll, or fyyele (fyyil, k.) 
 
 VieUa,fidicina, vitula, cath. in 
 
 vitulus, et Dice, vidula, kylw. 
 Fydelare. Fidicen, cath. vitu- 
 
 lator, UG. 
 Fydelin, or fyielyn' (fetelyn, k.) 
 
 Vitu/or, Dice, catii. in vitulus. 
 Fyftene. Quindecim. 
 Fyfty. Quinquaginta. 
 Fygge, or fyge tre. Ficus. 
 Fygure, or lykenesse. Figiira. 
 Fyin, or defyin mete and drynke 
 
 (fyyn, K. h. p.)-* Digero. 
 
 used for pointing, in the early instruction of children : thus Palsgrave gives " festue to 
 spell ■vii\.\\,festev.'^ Occasionally the v?ord is written with c or k, instead of t, but it 
 is apparently a corruption. " Festii, afeskue, a straw, rush, little stalk, or stick, used 
 for a fescue. Toucke, a fescue ; also, a pen, or a pin for a pair of writing tables." 
 
 COTG. 
 
 ' Chaucer uses the word fetise, and fetisely, in this sense ; it is apparently derived 
 from the old French y^/w, or fait eis. Palsgrave gives " featysshnesse, propernesse, 
 feactise ,■ " as also the synonymous word " feate, or proper of makyng, godin, yodinet, 
 coint, mij/Hon ; fetly, nycely, coyntement. I haue apted them together the fetlyest 
 {le plus yenliment) that euer you sawe. Feted, fetered, or well shapen of the lymmes, 
 aliynL It is as well fetered a chylde as euer you sawe. You neuer set your eye upon 
 a fayrer fetered woman, mieulx aliynee.'^ Horman likewise speaks of " the feat con- 
 ueyans of a speche that soundeth well to the eare, aryutia plausibilis sermonis. She 
 wereth corked slippers to make hir tal and feet." 
 
 2 " Homayhim, idem est fjitod JideiUas, a fea.xite.''' ortus. William Paston writes, 
 in 1454, of Thomas Bourchier, Bp. of Ely, who was translated in that year to Canter- 
 bury, " My lord of Ely hathe do hys fewthe." Paston Lett. iii. '.'22. The word is 
 taken from the French "/eauKv, /eaufe ; fidilite, foi, comtatice." roquef. It is 
 commonly taken for the oath of allegiance in tlie feudal system : 
 " When thise Bretons tuo were tied out of this lond, 
 
 Ine toke his feaute of alle that lond helde." R. Brunne. 
 
 * In the Wicliffite version occur the following passages : " he that seith to his 
 brother, Fy {al. fugh) schal be gilty to the counsell." Matt. v. '22. " And as thei 
 passiden forth, thei blasfemeden him, movynge her heddis, and seiynge, Vath, thou 
 that distriest the temple," &c. Mark xv. '-*!). 
 
 ■• This word, in the MSS. and in Pynson's edition, occurs among the verbs between 
 FYiSTYN and FLAPPYN, which is perhaps an indication tliat it had been originally
 
 160 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Fykin a-bowte, infra in fyskin. 
 Fykynge a-bowte in ydylnes. Dis- 
 
 cursus, vagatus. 
 Fylberde, notte. JFilhim, Dice. 
 (FiLBERDE, tree, p. Phillis.) 
 Fyle. Lima. 
 Fylin wytlie a fyle. Limo. 
 Fylyn', idem quod fowlyn, sit- 
 
 pra in D. 
 Fyll wythe mete. Sacio, sa- 
 
 turo, 
 Fylle, or fylly(n)ge of mete, or 
 
 drynke. Sacietas, saturatio. 
 Fyllyn'. Iinpleo, repleo. 
 
 Fyllynge. Tmplecio, replecio. 
 Fylzofyr (fillosofere, k.) Phi- 
 
 losophus. 
 Fylette.^ Victa, ug. in vincio, 
 
 philacteriiim. 
 Fylme of a uotte, or o})er lyke. 
 
 Follicuhis, gallicula, c. f. 
 Fylowre, of barbowrs crafte (fil- 
 
 lour of barborys crafte, K.)- 
 
 Acutecula, Jilarium, kylw. 
 
 {cicuteUa, K.) 
 Fylthe. Sordes, spurcicia, lino, 
 
 CATH. turpitude, lahes, putre- 
 
 do, pus. 
 
 written FY31N. To fie or fey now signifies in East Anglia, as in Craven and Hallam- 
 sbire, to clean out, as ponds or ditches ; it is thus used by Tusser, and also to express 
 the cleansing of grain. 
 
 " Choiced seed to be picked, and trimly well fy'd, 
 
 For seed may no longer from threshing abide.'' August's Husbandry. 
 " Escurer, to scowre, fey, rinse, cleanse.'' cotg. Bp. Kennett, in his Glossarial Coll. 
 gives "to fea, fey, feigh or fow, to cleanse or empty, as to fea a pond, a privy, &c. 
 Dunelm. Isl. fcCgia, mundare, eluere ; whence to feag, by metaphor, applied to whip- 
 ping or correcting, as, He feag'd him off." Lansd. MS. 1033. In the Wicliffite 
 version, Ueut. xxiii. 13 is thus rendered, " {^ou schalt here a litil stake in )'e girdil, and 
 whanne \>o\x hast sete, i>ou schalt digge bi cumpas, and hou schalt hile wi)' er^^e j'ingis 
 defied out, where Jjou art releuyd ; " in the Vulgate, " egesta humo operies." See 
 dekvyn', and fkyar. 
 
 ' Johanna domina de Roos bequeaths, in 1394, " tinam longam feletam de rosis de 
 per',^c.^' Testam. Ebor. i. 203. " Nimbus, J'asciola transversa ex auro insula in 
 lintheo, quod est in f route feminarum, a felet." ortus. " Fyllet for a mayden's heed, 
 frontcuu.^' palsg. " Frontean, a fillet, frontlet, forehead cloth." cotg. In a letter 
 written about 1465 to Sir John Paston occurs the request of a lady, who " wuld fayne 
 have a new felet." Paston Lett. iv. 176. 
 
 2 Fylowre, or barbowrs crafte. ms. " Afiloure, affilatorium ,• to filoure, affilare." 
 CATH. AND. The term affilatorium occurs with the signification of a hone, in the Usus 
 Ant. Ord. Cisterc. c. 85. The imjilement so called seems to have been identical with 
 that now called a steel, in French fusil, which is rendered by Cotgrave " the Steele, 
 wherewith a butcher whets his knives." A reseml)hince in form to the sjjindle or 
 spoole used in spinning was probably the origin of the ajipellations ¥\ i.ov; k\z, Jilarium, 
 waA fusil. In the Boke of Curtasye a " fylour" appears to signify a rod, as that upon 
 which a curtain may be hung, moveably, by means of rings. Tlie word occurs in the 
 directions for the grooms of the chambers, regarding making the })allcts, and two beds 
 ot greater state, for lords, 
 
 " That henget shalle be with hole sylour. 
 With crochettes and loupys sett on lyour, 
 Tho valance on fylour shalle licnge with wyn, 
 iij curteyns stre)t draweu withiune." Sloaue MS. 1986.
 
 PROMPTOKIUM PAnVULOnUM. 
 
 IGl 
 
 Fylthe of mannys nose, snotte. 
 
 Polipus. 
 Fylthe of mannys fete. Petor. 
 Fymterre, horbe. Fumus terre. 
 Fynche, byrde. Furfurio, c. f. 
 Fyyndare of thynge loste. In- 
 
 vento7', inventria;. 
 Fynde thingys loste. Invenio, 
 
 reperio, comperio, 
 Fynde coste. Exhiheo. 
 Fyndin, hclpyn', and susteinyn' 
 
 hem |)at be nedy (fynde theym 
 
 that ar nedy, p.) Sustento. 
 Fyyndynge of thynge loste. In- 
 
 vencio, repericio. 
 Fyyndynge, or help\Tige in bo- 
 
 dyly goodys at nede.^ Exhi- 
 
 bicio, suhvencio. 
 Fyne, or ryght goode (fyyn, p.) 
 
 Egregius, excellens. 
 Fyne wyne.- Falernum, cath. 
 
 Fyne, of bondage. Finnm. 
 Fynne of a fysche. Pinna. 
 Fyngyr, Digitus. 
 Fyngyrlynge of a glove. Di- 
 
 gitabulum, cath. 
 Fyr, tree. Abies. 
 Fyyr. Ignis, rogus, focus, pir. 
 Fyyr forke. Ticionarium,CATU. 
 
 pala, arpagio ; hec in Jii.storid 
 
 scolasticd de rnsis templi. 
 Fyyr iierthe. Focca-ium, cath. 
 
 ignearium, c. F. 
 Fyyre yryn', to smyte wythe 
 
 fyre. Fugillus, cath. pirici- 
 
 dium, Dice. KYLW. 
 
 Fyyr stok, infra in herthe 
 stoke. 
 
 Fyyr stone, for to smyte 'wythe 
 fyre. Focaris, UG. in laos, vel 
 focare, cath. ignarium, c. f. 
 
 FiRBOME, supra in bekene.-^ 
 
 1 The Privy Purse Expenses of Henry VII. comprise an entry in 1493, "to Dr. 
 May for th' exebucon of Thos. Phepo," who appears to have been King's scliolar at 
 Oxford; and the allowance is subsequently termed "the finding, 2 li." Exc. Hist. 
 The term exhibition, or allowance of money, taken from the Latin, which in medieval 
 times had the same signification, is used in this sense by Shakespeare and B. Jonson. 
 as likewise still retained at the Universities. 
 
 - The Medulla renders " Falernum, wyn al|)urbest." MS. in the Editor's possession. 
 
 3 The practice of maintaining beacons, to give warning of approaching invasion, is one 
 that may be traced in Britain to the most remote times. The term itself is Anglo- 
 Saxon, beacen, signum, beacne torr, specula. The right of erecting beacons was one 
 of the exclusive privileges of the Crown ; and a tax for their maintenance, termed l/e- 
 conayium, was levied upon every hundred. At an early time, as Coke observes, the 
 beacon was merely a stack of combustibles prepared on an elevated spot, or a rock ; 
 Ang.-Sax. beacenstan, /;/<fl7-MS; subsequently to the time of Edward III. as he states, 
 " pitch-boxes, as now they be, were, instead of those stacks, set up;'' that is, a kind 
 of large cresset, raised on an upright pole or beam: hence the appellation kiruomk, 
 Ang.-Sax. beoni, trabs. Blount cites the " Ordinatio pro vigiliis observandis a Lijnne 
 usque YarmoutJi, t. Ediv. H. Quod levari ei repararl facialis signa et firebares super 
 mantes altiores in qunlibet htindredo, ifa quod tola patria, per ilia signa, quotiescumque 
 necesse fuerit , premuniri potest ; " which is rendered by Stowe, " He ordained biken- 
 ings or beacons to be set up." A.D. l.'5'J(). The care with which these signals were at 
 all periods provided, appears by numerous evidences in the ])ublic records. In 141,") 
 Henry V. on his departure for France, provides for the safety of the realm, and directs 
 the provision of " signa vocata bekyns in loots consuetis.'' Rynier, ix. -o5. Hall 
 relates that when Richard III. with false confidence, disbanded his forces, he issued 
 
 CAMD. SOC. Y
 
 162 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 FvRiN, or sette on a fyre, or brin- 
 
 nyn. Ignio, cath. comburo. 
 FyrmaiMEnt, or walkyn'. Flr- 
 
 mamentum. 
 Fyrrys, or qwyce tre, or gorstys 
 
 tre.i JRuscus. 
 Fyrste of alle. Primus. 
 Fyrste, or be-forne. Prhno. 
 Fyrste BE-cordyi'.Primogenitus. 
 Fyrste be-getynge. Primoge- 
 
 nitura. 
 FyyrEj sharpe brusche (firre, 
 
 whynne, k. fyir or qwynne, p. 
 
 whynne, j.)^ Saliunca. 
 Fyscare a-bowte ydylly. Dis- 
 
 cursor, discursatrix, vagulus 
 
 vel vagator, vagatrix. 
 FisKiN a-bowte yn ydilnesse.^ 
 
 Vagor, giro, girovago. 
 Fysche. Piscis. 
 Fyschare. Piscator, favissor, 
 
 CATH.et nota ibi honam causam. 
 Fyscharys boote. Phaselus, 
 
 COMM. oria, c. f. 
 
 strict commands that on the coast, and the frontiers of Wales, strong ward should be 
 kept according to usage ; " for the custome of the countreyes adjoyning nere to y= 
 see is (especially in the tyme of war) on euery hill or high place to erect a bekon with 
 a greate lanterne in the toppe, whyche maie be sene and discerned a great space of. 
 And when the noyes is once bruted that the enemies approche nere y'= land, they so- 
 deinly put fyer in the lanthornes, and make showtes and outrages from toune to toune, 
 and from village to village." 3 Rich. III. This kind of signal, of which representations 
 will be found in Archseol. i. pi. i. xv. pi. xii. was likewise termed a standard : " A 
 bekyn or a standarde, statela.'"' oath. ang. It was taken by Hen. V. as a badge, 
 and appears among the sculptures of his chantry at Westminster. " Beakyn, fe.n au 
 guet.'" PALSG. The elevation whereon it was placed was sometimes termed a tote-hill ; 
 see that word hereafter. 
 
 1 Ruscus is properly the plant with sharply-pointed leaves, called butcher's-broom, 
 but that wliich is here intended appears to be the Ulex Europams, Linn, called com- 
 monly furze or gorse. In the Wicliffite version, Isai.lv. 13 is thus rendered: "A 
 fir tre schal stie for a gorst (e^er firse) and a myrte tre schal wexe for a nettil." Claud. 
 E. II. In 15 Hen. YI. 143G, licence was given to Humfrey Duke of Gloucester to 
 inclose 200 acres of land, " pasture, wode, hethe, virses, and gorste {bruere et jamp- 
 wo>v/»!)," and to form thereof a park at Greenwich. Rot. Pari. iv. 498. " Ruscns, 
 Anglice, firsun." Harl. MS. 1002. " Fyrsbusshe, ionmarm." palsg. Ang.-Sax. 
 fyrs, (jenista, rhamnus. 
 
 2 Salinnca has occurred already, as the name of an herb called caltrap. Cotgrave 
 renders " chatmsettape, the starre thistle, called also the calthrop ; " but although the 
 name may have occasionally been so assigned, from its being Imrtful to the foot, yet ac- 
 cording to Parkinson the herb called land caltrops, tribulus teri-estris, was not of the 
 thistle species. The naliunca again is, according to the same author, a kind of spike- 
 nard, whereas in the Medulla it is stated, " Salinnca dicitur vulf/ariter in Gallico carr- 
 kerepe, (? carchiofe, an artichoke,) a qwynne." Harl. MS. 22r)T. In the Ortus it is 
 rendered " a wynne or grost." 
 
 3 This word does not appear, by the East-Anglican Glossaries, to be still in use ; it 
 occurs, however, in Tusser's lessons for waiting servants. 
 
 " Such serviture, also, deserveth a check. 
 
 That runneth out Asking with meat in his beck." 
 
 " I fyske, iefretillc I praye you se howe she fysketh aboute.'' palsg. " Trotiere, 
 a raumpe, fisgig, Asking huswife, raunging damsell." cotg. Compare fykin a-bowte, 
 and see Jamieson's remarks on that word. It occurs in R. Coer de Lion, 474.').
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 163 
 
 Fysch sellare. Piscarim, pis- 
 
 caria, ug. in pasco. 
 Fyschelle of fyschew, or festu.' 
 
 Festuca. 
 Fyschyn". Piscor, cath. 
 Fyschynge. Piscacio, piscatus. 
 Fysch leep.- Nassa, c. f. 
 FissHE PONDE. Vivarium, cath. 
 Fysy'cian', or leche. Medicus, 
 
 Jisicus. 
 Fysxomye. Phisonomia. 
 Fyste of an hande. Pugnus, 
 
 CATii. (^pngiUus, p.) 
 Fyyst, stynk. Lirida. 
 Fyistyn' (fyen, w.) Cacco, c. f. 
 
 liiido. 
 Fyystynge. Liridacio. 
 Fyt, or mete. Eqiius, congvuus, 
 
 UG. in grus. 
 Fyton', or lesyiige (fycon', k. 
 
 fyttyn, s. fytyn, p.)^ Mendaciiun, 
 
 mendaciolum, cath. 
 
 Fyve.'I Quinque. 
 Fyv'e huxdryd. Quingenti. 
 Fyvere (sekenesse, p.) Fehris. 
 Fyvere, agu. Querquera, cath. 
 
 et UG. in quero. 
 Fythil, supra in fedyi.i.e. 
 Flagge of J)e erthe, vide in T. in 
 
 turfe.^ Terricidium (^cespes, 
 
 cath. et c. F. s. gleba, p.) 
 Flayxe, or flawyn'. Excoriatus. 
 Flake (or hame, K.) Fioctus, 
 
 UG. injlo (squa772a, P.) 
 Fl akette, botelle.''7^/«.9co, /?fl.?ca. 
 Flanke, or leske. Ylium, kylw. 
 
 inguen, cath. 
 Flappe, or stroke. Ictus (fla- 
 
 gellum, K.) 
 Flappe, or buffett (flap bofet, p.) 
 
 Alapa. 
 Flappe, instnimeiit to smyte 
 
 wythe flyys. Flabellum, Dice. 
 
 muscarium, c. F. 
 
 ' According to the Medulla the term fyschelle is synonymous with fysch leep ; 
 " Nassa, quoddam instrumentum ex viminibus et cirpis, tanquam rhete, contextum, ad 
 capiendos pisces, a pyche or a fysshelle.'' So also it is related in the Golden Legend, 
 " Than they put hym in to a lytell fysshell or basket well pytched, and set it in y' see, 
 and abandouned hym to dryue wyder it wolde." f. 99, b. " Fiscelle, petit panier de 
 jonc,Jiscella.''' roquef. Fyschew signifies a reed, or supple rod, as osiers, &c. 
 
 '^ See hereafter leep for fysche kepynge. Ang.-Sax. leap, corbis. 
 
 3 '* Fytten, mensonge." palsg. In Wiltshire fitten signifies a pretence. 
 
 * Feve, MS. 
 
 * In Norfolk, according to Kennett, Ray, and Forby, the upper turf pared off to 
 serve as fuel, is termed flaks or flags. The repetition of this word below, flachse, 
 drye wythe he gresse, is ajijiarently a corrupt reading. In the North such sods of turf 
 are called also flags, or flaws, or flaughter. .See Jamieson and Mrockett. " A flaghte, 
 w6i a turfe. A flagiite (or flyghte) of snawe,_/focc«A'." cath. ang. Dan. flager, Teut. 
 vlaeghen, deglubere ; Isl. flaga, exscindere glebam. 
 
 " This word, as also Ang.-Sax. flaxe, the French Jiac, or flache, &c. appear to be 
 directly taken from the low Latin_/?ac/ff, adopted probably from the Greek. In William 
 and the Werwolf a certain clerk is mentioned who came to Rome " wih tvo flaketes of 
 ful fine wynes," written also "flagetes," p. 68. *' Flacta, a flakette. Obba, genua 
 calicis, a bottell, a flaket." ortus. " A costrelle, oneferum, iVC. ubi a flakett. A 
 flaket, _/fac/a, obba, liter, lyc. wit a potte." cath. ang. "A flaget, Jiacoii." palsj:. 
 The term does not a]ipear to be retained in Norfolk, as in the North. " .\ flacket, 
 flasket, or flask ; bottle made in fashion of a barrel. Bor. Flaskin, a wooden bottle, or 
 little barrel which labourers use for beer. Yorkshire." Kennett's Gloss. Coll. Lansd. 
 MS. 1033.
 
 164 
 
 PROMPTORIUM -PARVULOUUM. 
 
 FLAPPYN'wythe a ^n'^'^e.Flahello. 
 Flasshe, watyr.' Lacima, cath. 
 Flatt. Bassus, v el planus. 
 Flagge, drye wythe J)e gresse.^ 
 
 Globa, UG. in globus. 
 Flaterare, svpra, idem quod 
 
 FEYNARE. 
 
 Flateryd. Adulatus. 
 Flateryn', Adulor. 
 Flaterynge. Adulacio. 
 
 Flatnesse. Planicies. 
 Flawe, supra in flake. 
 Flawyn', supra in flayn'. 
 Flawme, or lowe. Flamma. 
 Flawne, mete.^ Fkimicia, Dice. 
 Jiato, Dice. coMM. opacus, ar- 
 
 tocasins (apacus, s.) 
 Flax. Linum. 
 Flathe, 01' flathe, fysche (flay, or 
 
 flacch, fysch, s.)"* (^K)agadies. 
 
 ' The term flash, signifying a shallow pool, does not appear to be now retained in 
 Norfolk ; but it occurs in names of places, as Flash-pit, near Aylsham. In low Latin 
 flacliia,flasca,3.nAjiaco, in old French yiacke or Jlesque, have the like signification. A 
 supply of water from the locks on the Thames, to assist the barges, is termed a flash, 
 and in Sussex loose water-soaked groimd is called flashy. Plot speaks of the " flashy 
 over-watery taste'' of some white fruits. Hist. Oxf. 156. See plasche, or flasche 
 where reyne watyr stondythe, and pyt, or flasche. 
 
 ^ This word, placed here out of its proper alphabetical order, whereas flagge of \>e 
 erthe has occurred already, has been retained as found in the MS., on account of the 
 uncertainty whether it is an interpolation, or a vitiated reading. Possibly the correct 
 reading may be flawe, a term synonymous with flagge, a sod of turf. Blount, in his 
 Law. Diet. V. Turbary, cites a charter in which " turbaria bruaria — a flaw-turf, or 
 heath-turf," is mentioned. In the North the words flaw and flaughter are still com- 
 monly used in this sense. See Jamieson and Brockett. 
 
 3 " A flawne, o;>ac?<w." cath. ang. " Flatoti, a flawne. Artocira, a flawne, i. 
 cibus f actus ex pasta el caseo, Layanum est latus pants et tennis oleo linitus, quasi 
 o/eoy??\rw*, a pancake, a flawne." ortus. " Flaune meate,_^awe^,^aM,^«ow. I loue 
 well a flawne, but and it be well sugred I loue it the better.'' palsg. Caxton says in 
 the Boke for Travellers, " Of mylke and of egges men make flawnes (Jlans), of mylke 
 soden with the flour men make printed cakes {/'astons)." Recipes for making flawnes 
 will be found in the Forme of Cury ; " Flawnes for Lentyn," Ilarl. MS. 5401, f. 19,3, 
 2()i,' ; and " flathons," under the head of " Vyaundcfurnez," Harl. MS. 279, f. 42, b. 
 The following directions " for flaunes " are found in the poem entitled " the sly3tes 
 of cure." 
 
 " Take new chese, and grynde hyt fayre 
 In morter wyth egges, wyth out dyswayre ; 
 Put powder J'crto of suger I say, 
 Coloure hyt wyth safrone ful wele )'0U may ; 
 Put hyt in cofyus hat bene fayre, 
 And bake hyt forthe y the pray." Sloane MS. 1.986, f. 87. 
 
 In the North the word is still in use, as Bp. Kennett noticed in his Glossarial Collec- 
 tions, Lansd. MS. 1033. " Flaun or flawn, a custard. Bor. As flat as a flawn, prov. 
 Sax. flyna, flsena, artoloyanum.^' 
 
 '* This must not be confounded with the general appellation of flat fish ; the ray or 
 scatc was formerly called rLATiiic, or, according to Willughby and Hay, flaire, still 
 retained in the name of the sting-ray, called in some places the fire-flaire. In N. 
 Britain it is known as the fire-flaw, according to Jamieson. Harrison, in his description 
 of England, uses the name flath, evidently as denoting the ray or scatc. In the account
 
 FROMl'TORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 165 
 
 Flee. Pulex. 
 
 Flear of beest. Excoriator. 
 
 Flea RE, or rennare a-wey. Fu- 
 
 gitivus, fugitiva. 
 Fled, or mevyd. Amotus. 
 Flegge, infra in S. idem quod 
 
 SEDGE. 
 
 Flecchere (fletcher, H. p.) Pe- 
 
 tularius, flectatins. 
 Fleyke, or hyrdylle (fleko, s. hir- 
 
 dell, p.)' Plecta,Jlecta, cratis, 
 
 c. F. 
 Fleyl. Flagellum, comm. ug. 
 
 r. in T. (tribuhan, cath. p.) 
 Fleyl cappe. Cappa, Dice, me- 
 
 ditentum, comm. ug. r. in T. 
 
 Fleyl staffe, or honde staffe 
 (handyll, ii. p.) 3Ianutentum, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Fleyle swyngyl.2 Virga, Dice. 
 
 cATii. tribulum, cath. comm. 
 Fleynge a-way. Fuga. 
 Fleynge of beestys. Excoriacio. 
 Flekeryn', as ionge byrdis. Vo- 
 
 lito, nideo. 
 Flekeryn', or waveryn' yn vn- 
 
 stabyllu horte (flykcr, p.) Nuto, 
 
 cath. 
 Flekerynge of byrdys. Volitacio. 
 Flekerynge, or wauerynge yn 
 
 an vnstable hex't. Nutatus, va- 
 
 cillacio. 
 
 of fish usually taken upon our coasts, he observes that "the flat are divided into the 
 smooth, the scaled, and the tailed. — Of the third (are) our chaits, maidens, kingsons, 
 flath, and thornbacke ; " and the larger species, as he states, were dried, and formed a 
 kind of export into other countries. B. iii. c. 8, Holinsh. i. 224. The correct reading 
 of the word above is probably FlaJ'e, or flaye, fysche. 
 
 * " Crates est instrumentum ex virg'is, a fleke." med. " A fleke, cratis, craticula." 
 CATH. ANG. This word is used by R. Brunne, as also the verb to fleke, or cover with 
 hurdles, which occurs in his account of the construction of a temporary bridge. 
 
 " Botes he toke and barges, }>e sides togidere knytte, — 
 \>ei fleked ham ouerthuert, justely for to ligge." p. 241. 
 
 " Botes and barges ilkon, with flekes mak J>am tighte." p. 321. 
 
 Hardyng relates the singular escape of Sir James Douglas, who had been hemmed in 
 by Edward III. in Stanhope Park, and by means of hurdles, which, to prevent pursuit, 
 his men drew after them as they went, passed over a quaking and miry moss. 
 
 " But James Douglas their flekes fell dyd make, 
 Which ouer the mosse, echeone at others ende, 
 He layde anon, with fagottes fell ouer the lake." Chron. c. 178. 
 
 In a satirical poem, put forth in l."».JO against the liberty of religious discussion, the 
 services and preachers of the Reformed C'liurch, entitled " An old Song of John No- 
 body," printed in the Appendix to Strype's Mem. of C'ranmer, it is said of those who 
 with ignorant assurance set thensselves up as expounders of the Gospel, 
 
 " More meet it were for them to mylk kye at a fleyke." p. i;{8. 
 Ilorman says, " Ley this meate in trayes and flekis, conc/ias sire aliidos,^' {? alucos) 
 where the term may signify a shallow wicker basket, in some parts termed a flasket. 
 " Alucus, vas faction ad modtim alvei, a troiighe." ortus. In the North hurdles are 
 still called flaiks ; see Jamieson. 
 
 1 Svvyngyl fleyle, MS. "Ai\ay\e,fla(/cl!iim,iri/)iiliis, trilndum. W-rsiis. Tret (ri- 
 bulo partes, mauutentum, cappa, flay ell inn. AJiniiitcnlian, a hand stafl'e, cappa, a cape, 
 flar/ellum, a svicv/elle. \sv/evy\\e,lril/ulum." cath. ano. See hercdfter swkngyl.
 
 166 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Flemmynge. Flandriciis, Flan- 
 
 drica (^Flamingus, p.) 
 Fleen, or flee bestys. JS.vcorio. 
 Fleen enmyes, or grevowsnesse. 
 
 Fiigio, CATii. affugio, confugio. 
 Fleese of wulle. Vellus. 
 Flesche. Caro. 
 Flescije flye. Musco, cath. 
 Flesche hooke. Creagra, fus- 
 
 cina, CATII. tridenSi cath. 
 
 fuscinula. 
 Fleschy, or made alle wythe 
 
 flesche. Carneus. 
 Fleschy, or sum dele made wythe 
 
 flesche. Carneatus, 
 
 Fleschly. Carnaliter. 
 Fleshly, or fuUe of flesshe. 
 
 Carnosus, carnidentus, cath. 
 Fleschlynesse. Carnalitas. 
 Flet, as mylke or oj^er lyke (oJ)er 
 
 licour, K. flett of mylke, h. p.)^ 
 
 Despuviatus. 
 Fleet, Jje watyr of ]je see comythe 
 
 and goythe (flete, there water 
 
 Cometh and goth, h. p.)^ Fleta, 
 
 Jbssa, estuarium, c. F. 
 Flete of schyppys yn ]je see. 
 
 Chtssix, c. F. 
 Fletyn' a-bovin (fletyn, or hovyn, 
 
 H. houen, p.)-^ Super7iato. 
 
 ' To fleet, or skim the cream, is a verb still commonly used in East Anglia, and the 
 utensil which serves for the purpose is termed a fleeting-dish. " I flete mylke, 
 take away the creame that lyeth above it whan it hath rested." palsg. ^^ Esburrer, 
 to fleet the crearae potte ; laict esburre, fleeted milke ; maigne, fleeted milke, or 
 whaye." Hollyband's Treasurie. " Escremi, fleeted, as milke, uncreamed." cotg. 
 Ang.-Sax. flet,_/?&* lactis. A celebrated Suffolk cheese, made of skimmed milk, is 
 called flet-cheese. Tusser, in his lesson for the dairy maid Cisley, on bad qualities of 
 cheese, says, 
 
 " Gehazi his sickness was whitish and dry, 
 
 Such cheeses, good Cisley, ye floted too nigh." 
 
 * The term fleet, signifying a channel, an arm of the sea, or water-course, occurs not 
 infrequently in several parts of England, as Northfleet and Southflect on the Thames, 
 the Fleet-ditch, London, IIolt-Fleet on the Severn, near Worcester, Fladbury, an- 
 ciently Fleotbury, and Twining Fleet, on the Avon. On the coasts of Norfolk and 
 Suffolk the name is common, and properly, according to Forby, though not invariably, 
 implies a channel filled by the tide, and left at low water very shallow and narrow. At 
 Lynn, where the Promptorium was compiled, there are several channels so called, as 
 White Friars' Fleet, and Purfleet. The grant of the possessions of the Gild of the 
 Holy Trinity, Lynn, by Edward VL A.D. 1548, alludes to rents laid out in " repairing 
 of banks, walls, fletes, and water-courses in Lenn." Blomf. IV. 598. "Flete where 
 water cometh, hreche." palsc;. Ang.-Sax. fleot, sinus. In the North, as Bishop 
 Kennett notices in his Glossarial Collections, fleet signifies water, as in the ancient song 
 over a corpse. 
 
 *' This ean night, this ean night, 
 
 Every night and awle. 
 Fire and fleet, and candle light, 
 
 And Christ receive thy sawl." Lansd. MS. 1033. 
 
 3 " To flete above ye water ; his cappe fleteth aboue the water yonder a farre hence." 
 PALSG. " Naviger, to saile, to fleete." Hollyband's Treasurie. Harrison, in his de- 
 scription of England, speaking of Lyme Regis, Dorset, says, " the Lime water, which 
 the townsmen call the Buddie, commctli . . . from the hils. Acting (qion rockie soil, and 
 so falleth into the sea." Ilolinsh. Ciiroa. i. 58. Ang.-Sa.x. flcotan, flucluare. See 
 MOWN, which has a like signification.
 
 PROMPTOHIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 167 
 
 Fletyn', or skomyn' ale, or 
 pottys, or o|)er lycoure that ho- 
 vyth.e.Despumo,e.vspumo,CATH. 
 
 Flete mylke only. Dequacco, 
 exquacco. 
 
 Fletynge of lycowre. Spumacio, 
 despumacio, cath. 
 
 Flew, or scholde, as vessell, or 
 oJ)er lyke (scold, s. flwe, or 
 sholde of vessels, p.)' JBassus. 
 
 Flew, complexyon' (flewme of com- 
 pleccyon, K. flwe, p.) JFfegma, 
 CATH. et c. F. 171 ventriculus. 
 
 Flewematyke, Flegmaticus, UG. 
 
 Flewme, idem quod flew, supra, 
 et sperma. 
 
 Flyare. Volator. 
 
 Flye. Musca. 
 
 Fly flappe, supra, idem quod 
 FLAPPE. Muscarium, cath. 
 c. F. et UG. 
 
 Flygge, as bryddys.2 Maturus, 
 volatilis. 
 
 Flygxesse. Maturitas. 
 
 Flyyn', as birdys. Volo. 
 
 Flyyn' a-wey. Avolo, evolo. 
 
 (Flikerynge, supra in fleker- 
 
 YNGE, K.) 
 
 Flykke of bacon'. Perna, pe- 
 taso, baco. 
 
 Flynt, stone. Silex. 
 Flyghte, fleynge a-way. Fuga, 
 
 effugium, c. f. 
 Flyghte of byrdys. Avolatus, 
 
 evolatus. 
 (Flytere, supra in cukstoke.) 
 Flytix, or chydifi.'^ Contendo, 
 
 cath. 
 Flyttin, or remevyn (away, p.) 
 
 Amoveo, transfero. 
 Flyx, or flux, sekenesse. Fluxus, 
 
 dissenteries. 
 Flode. Flumen, Jluvius, dilu- 
 
 viwa,Jluctus. 
 Flo DEC ATE of a mylle. Sino- 
 
 glociforiion, Dice. 
 Floke of bestys. Grex. 
 Floke, or heerde of bestys, what 
 
 so they be. Polia, cath. 
 Flokkyn', or gadyr to-gedyr. 
 
 Aggrego, congrego. 
 Flokkys of wuUe or o))er lyke. 
 
 Floccus, CATH. (fuJtrum, p.) 
 Flore (or growTide, infra.) Area. 
 Florschare (florissher, p.) Flo- 
 
 rator. 
 Florschyn' (florisshen, p.) Flo- 
 
 reo, CATH. floresco. 
 FLORYSCHYN'bokys.i^/o>-o, kylw. 
 Florschyxge. Floratus. 
 
 ^ According to Forby, flue, as well as fleet, has in Norfolk the signification of 
 shallow, as a dish, or a pond. In the North, a flaw peat or flow signifies a watery 
 moss ; Isl. flaa, palus. See schold, or schalowe. 
 
 " Margaret Paston in a letter to her husband in 14G0, describing the vain hopes ex- 
 cited amongst the partizans of Henry VI. says, " Now he and alle his olde felaweship 
 put owt their fynnes, and am ryght flygge and mery, hoping alle thyng is and schalbe us 
 they wole haue it." Paston Letters, iv. AVI. " Fiyggenesse of byrdes, plumetsettK" 
 PALSG. In Norfolk birds ready to fly are still said to be fligged, and in some parts of 
 England are called fliggurs. Ang.-Sax. fliogan, volare, flyge./i/^fi. 
 
 ^ " To flytte, a//t'/-ca/-/, certare, /ifif/are,af/jiirgare, catazizare." cath. ang. " Li- 
 tigo, Anglice to stryfFor flyte." ortus. Ang.-Sax. flitan, certare. 
 "In peese thou etc, and ever eschewe 
 To flyte at borde, that may the rewe." 
 
 Boke of Curtasye, Sloane MS. 1980".
 
 168 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Flotyse, or flotyce of a pott or 
 other lyke. Spuma, cath. c. f. 
 
 FlOT GRESE.l l/lva, C. F. 
 
 Flowyn', as the see. Fluo, cath. 
 
 (venilio, cath. s.) 
 Flowynge of ]>e watur (see, p.) 
 
 Fluxus, venilia, cath. kylw. 
 Flowre of tre, or herbe. Flos. 
 Flowre of mele. Farina, simila, 
 
 UG. in similis, pollen, cath. c.f. 
 
 FLO\VRYN',«'f/em</?<0C?FLORSCHYN, 
 
 supra, et flora, cath. 
 
 Flowte, pype. Cambucus, kylw. 
 ydranla, calamaula. Versus. 
 Pastor sub cauld bene cantat 
 cum calamaula. The scheperd 
 vndyr ]>e folde syngythe well 
 wythe hys gwgawe )je pype. 
 ( Flatorium, k. p.) 
 
 FLOWTYN'jOr pypyn'. Calamiso, 
 flo. 
 
 Flwe, nette (flw, k. flewe, p. 
 flowe, w.)- T^-a^wm, c.F.CATir. 
 
 Yovn£..Alimentum, alimonia, victus. 
 
 FoDYNGE, or norschynge (fodin- 
 
 ynge, p.) Fomentum. 
 FoDDUR, bestys mete, or forage 
 
 (foodyr, p.) Farrago, cath. 
 
 c. F. et UG. infrugo, pabulum. 
 FooYNE, furrure. Loero, necc. 
 
 et Dice, bacre, necc. et dicc.^ 
 FooLE. Stultus, fatuus, babur- 
 
 rus, babiger, c. f. 
 Foo(l)de of shepe. Ovile, caula. 
 Folde clothys, or other lyke. 
 
 Plica, cath. 
 Foldyn' a-bowtin (abowtyn, k. 
 
 abowte, p.) Circumplecta. 
 Foldvn' in aniiys. Amplectar. 
 Fooldyn', or put beestys in a 
 
 folde. Caula, incaulo, inovilo. 
 Foldyn' vp. Complico. 
 FoLDYNGE of clojjys, and ojier 
 
 lyke, Plicacio, plicatura. 
 FoLDYNGE (of shepe, p.) or put- 
 
 tynge in felde (*<c.) Incatilacio. 
 FoLE, yonge horse. Pullus. 
 Folett (idem quod folte, infra, 
 
 ' Gerard describes the Gramen fluviatile, flote-grasse, or floter-grassc, which grows 
 in waters ; and Skinner supposes the name to be derived, " q. d. flood grass." It 
 appears to have been also called wreke, or reke. See wrek of a dyke, or a fenne, or 
 stondyng watyr, ulva. 
 
 2 The Catholicon explains ^raywrw to be " f/enns reti.i piscatorii, quod aliter verri- 
 cttlutn a verrendo dicUur ; '' according to the Ortiis, " traguin, a draught nette." In 
 1391 Robert de Ryllyngton, of Scarborough, bequeathed to his servant " j flew, cum, 
 warrap et flot," directing his two boats to be sold, and the price bestowed for the wel- 
 fare of his soul. Testam. Ebor. i. 157. " Flewe, a nette, retz apecher.'' palsg. See 
 TRAMAVLE, gretc nette for fyschynge. Tragnm. 
 
 ' The KoovNE appears to have been the same as the polecat or fitchet, or according 
 to Ray the martin was sometimes so called. " Fowyng, hetst,foytie. Foyns, a furre, 
 foynnes.'^ palsg, " /?OMJ«ne,yoyew«e, a foyne or polecat," cotg. ioero is the name 
 of a small animal, called in old French lairon or Icrot, the fur of which was highly 
 esteemed. John de Garlandia says in liis Dictionary, " Pelliparii — corius vendunt 
 urlax dc HubcUino cl laierone" rendered in the gloss " laiero7ie, Gallice lairo)is." In 
 the Inventory of the wardrobe and jewels of Henry V. taken in N'23, at his decease, 
 are mentioned " gounes de noitr damask furrez de sides de fognos et niar/erons," and 
 the value of this kind of fur is ascertained by the following entry : " iij pones defoynes, 
 chaHcun conV c. besie!i,pris le pec' xd. xijli. xs. ; " the martcron being more costly, 
 '' invi le l/eslexijd.'' Rot. Pari. iv. 236.
 
 PROMPTORIUiM PARVULORUM. 
 
 169 
 
 et FOPPE.) JFattcellus, stoUdus, 
 foUus, UG. in fovea (hardus., P.) 
 
 FooLE iiARDY,ortobebolde (foole 
 herdy, or to bolde, s.) Teme- 
 rarius, cath. et UG. in audax. 
 
 FoLE HARDYNESSE. Temeritcis, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 FoLY. Fatuitcts, stoliditas, stul- 
 
 ticia. 
 FoLKE. Gens, plebs, popuhis. 
 FoLTE, idem quod folet, supra 
 
 {et FOPPE, inft'a.y 
 Foltyn', or doon as a foole (folyn, 
 
 K. fooltyn, II.) Stultiso, cath. 
 
 infatuor. 
 FoLTRYE. Fatuitas, stoliditas, 
 
 foUicia, UG. in foveo, insipien- 
 
 cia, baburra, c. F. 
 FoLWARE, or he that folwythe 
 
 (folovver in steppys of anothir, 
 
 K.) Sequax, secutor. 
 FoLWARE, or serwante folowynge 
 
 hys mastyr, or souereyne. Pe- 
 
 dissequus, vel pedissequa, as- 
 
 secJa, c. F. 
 FoLWARE, jTi' manerys, or condy- 
 
 cyons. Imitator, cath. 
 Folwyn'. Sequor. 
 Folwyn', in felaschyppe. Co- 
 
 mitor. 
 Folwyn', in maners and condy- 
 
 cidns. Imitor, sector. 
 Folwyn', or suyii' yn' purpose. 
 
 Prosequor. 
 FoLWYNGE of steppys. Sequela. 
 FoLWYNGE of manerys, or con- 
 
 dycyons. Imitacio. 
 FooME of lycoure. Spuma, cath. 
 FoM AN, or enmy (foo, p.) Inimicus, 
 
 inimica, emulus, host is. 
 FoMEREL of an halle.- Fuma- 
 
 rium. 
 Fomyn'. Spumo. 
 Fondyn', or a-sayyn'."^ Attempto. 
 
 ' " A folte, bias, hainrrus, blatits, bardus, nvgator, garro, inepfus, morio.'^ cath. 
 ANG. Roquefort gives "folefe,foleton, S,-c. extravagant, f on. , sot, tifonrdi ; volaficus." 
 ToTTE occurs hereafter as synonymous with folte. See also amsotte, and sotte. 
 
 ^ In the M edulla y«>warm?« is rendered " a chymene or fymrel." The term is de- 
 rived from the Latin, " Fumerale, Anylice a fumerell. Fumcralis, idem est.'" ortus. 
 " A chymney, camimts, epicasterium, fumerium, fumerale." cath. axg. The term 
 chimney seems, however, not to have been originally synonymous with fomerel, but to 
 have signified an open lire-place, or chafer, such as the ' ' chy mney e with charecole ' ' in the 
 pavilion prepared for the conflict of Syr Galleroune with Gawayne. See the Awntyrs 
 of Arthure. Thus also in the will of Cecilia do llomeldon, 1-107, is the bequest, " lego 
 unum magimm cambium deferro Abbalftice de Durliam." Wills and Invent. Surtees 
 Soc. i. 45. In Gawayn and the Grene Kny3t, however, composed about the same 
 period, "chalk whyt chymnees " are described as appearing upon the roof of the 
 castle. The FOMKREi, was a kind of lantern, or turret open at the sides, which rose 
 out of the roof of the hall, and permitted the escape of the smoke ; it had sometimes 
 the appellation of the lover, a word which occurs hereafter ; thus Withal, in his Dic- 
 tionary, mentions the " lovir or fomerill, where the smoake passeth out." Among the 
 disbursements of Thomas Lucas, Solicitor-General to Henry VII., for the erection of 
 Little Saxbam Hall, in 150", occurs a payment " to the plommcr for casting and 
 working my fummerel of lede ; " and it ajipears to have been glazed like a lantern, for 
 there is a i)ayment to the glazier " for .'50 fete glas in my fummerelle." Rokewode's Hist, 
 of Suff. pp. 149, 150. In the Book of Wolsey's Expenses at Christ Church, Oxford, 
 is an entry relating to the " femerell of the new kitchen." Gutch, Coll. Cur. i. i.'04. 
 
 3 The Medulla gives " Conor, to streyne or fonde,'' rendered in the Ortus, " to 
 CAMD. SOC. Z
 
 170 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 FoNDYNGE, or a-saynge. Attemp- 
 
 tacio. 
 FoxEL, or tonowre.' Ficsorium, 
 
 infusorium, c. F. 
 FoppE, supra, idem quod folet. 
 Forbedyn' (orforfendyn'.) Pro- 
 
 hibeo, inhibeo, veto, interdico. 
 FoRBEDYXGE (or forbode, or fore- 
 
 fendynge, infra.^ Prohibicio, 
 
 inhibicio. 
 Fo R-B Y a place, or o J)er }>}Tigy s . Pe r. 
 FooRBYSCHOWRE. Eruginatov, 
 
 Dice. 
 
 FORBYSCHYD. Furbitus, BRIT. 
 
 in luna, ut patet ejus versus. 
 
 Forbyschyn'. Erugino, cath. 
 FoRBODE, idem quod forbyd- 
 
 DYXGE, supra. 
 Forcelet, stronge place (forslet, 
 
 H. p.) Fortalicium, munici- 
 
 jjium. 
 FooRCERE (forcer, k. p.) - Cis- 
 
 tella, teca, cUtella, scrinium, 
 
 Dice, forcerium, comm. 
 FooRCYD, as mennys beerdys (or 
 
 pollyd, itifra.) Capitonsus. 
 FooRCYD, as wulle. Tonsus. 
 Foorcyn', or clyppyn'.'^ Ton- 
 
 deo. 
 FooRCYXGE. Tonsura. 
 
 constrayne or fande." " To fande, cohaW, n«7i, et cetera ubi to be a-bowte warde." 
 CATH. ANG. Minot relates that David Bruce 
 
 " Said he sulde fonde 
 To ride thurgh all Ingland." Poems, viii. p. 39. 
 
 The word is used by Rob. Brunne and Rob. of Gloucester in the same sense. Ang.-Sax. 
 fandian, tentare. 
 
 1 Conowre, MS. See hereafter tonowre of fonel. In Norfolk, according to Forby, 
 the term in ordinary use is tunnel, Ang.-Sax. tsenel, canistrum. The word funnel ap- 
 pears to be derived fvomfundulus, " quasi fundle," as Junius observes. '^Infusorium 
 est quoddum vasculum per quod liquor infundiiur in aliud vas ; vel est vas in quo est 
 oleum quod ponitur in lucernis, a fonell dyshe (al. tonnell dysshe.)'' ortus. 
 
 - Junius thinks that this term was borrowed from the Italianybrcfere, which is ren- 
 dered by \V. Thomas, in his Italian Grammar, 1548, " a forsette, or a little coafer ;" 
 and by Florio, " a forcet, a coffin, a casket, a cabinet, &c." It may be remarked that 
 the most elegant caskets of the Middle Ages, usually of bone or ivory, curiously carved 
 and painted, are, with few exceptions, of Italian workmanship ; but as Flanders also 
 furnished these and numerous other ornamental appliances, the origin of the name 
 forcere may perhaps be sought in the Belg. fortsier, a banded coffer. The importation 
 of " ascune manere V!a.v& depeinte, forcers, caskettes, &c." was forbidden by stat. 3 
 Edw. IV. c. 4, A.D. 1463. In William and the Werwolf it is related that the Queen 
 sought by means of a ring to charm the monster. 
 
 " Sel'e feiHi of a forcer a fair bok sche raujt, 
 And radde )jer on redli ri3t a long while." 
 Chaucer says in " Za belle Dame sans Alercie," 
 
 " Fortune by strength the forcer hath vnshete, 
 
 Wherein was sperde all my worldly richesse." v. 65. 
 Caxton, in the Book for Travellers, says, " The joyner made a forcer for my loue, her 
 cheste, her scyrne, unf order, sa luysel, son escrin. Set your jewellis in your forcier, 
 that they be not stolen." Palsgrave gives "fo(r)sar, or casket, escrain; fo(r)cer, a little 
 cofer, cofret," andcoffref is rendered by Cotgrave " a casket, cabinet, forset, (.vie) &c." 
 3 Tliis word is taken from the French forces, shears for clipping wool or cloth.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 171 
 
 FoRSYGHTE (forsy3t, K. forsyth3, 
 H.) Previsio, previsus. 
 
 FoRCLYD (or fvrclyd, infra; for- 
 kelyd, p.) Furcatus. 
 
 Fordon', or dystroyn'.^ Destruo. 
 
 FoRDERYN',orfortheryn',toincres, 
 or a-\antage (fordryn, or forthyn, 
 K.) Promoveo, proveho. 
 
 FoRDERYx', in spedynge (forthren, 
 p.) E.vpeclio, acceJero. 
 
 Fore, or forowe of a londe. Sul- 
 cus, CATH. lira. 
 
 FoRELLE, to kepe yn a boke.^ 
 
 Forulus, CATH. BRIT, inforiis. 
 FoRESTE. Foresta, indago, c. f. 
 FoRETTE, or ferette, lytyll beste. 
 
 Furo, c. F.furetus, vel furun- 
 
 culus, c. F. 
 For evyr. Semper, eternaliter, 
 
 perpetue. 
 Forfexdyn', idem quod for* 
 
 BEDYx', supra.^ 
 Forfexdynge, idem quod for- 
 
 BEDYXGE. 
 
 Fojo-ce/e?', to clip or shear. See roquef. The stat. 8 Henry VI. c. 20, forbids the 
 fraudulent practice termed forcing wool, reciting the loss in the customs arising from 
 those who " clakkent et forcent les bones lains du roialme, pui- cux carter dehors dicelle 
 en estraunges jiaiis ; ordinez est quenulle estraunger ne face forcer clakkcr 7ie harder 
 nulls maner des leins, pur carter /tors du roialme,^' upon pain of forfeiture, with a 
 penalty of double the value, and imprisonment. Stat, of Realm, ii. 2oG. 
 
 ' This verb, Ang.-Sax. for-don, perdere, occurs in the Vision of P. Ploughman. 
 
 " Alias ! that drynke shal for-do 
 
 That God deere boughte." line 5284. 
 
 In the Golden Legend it is said in the Life of Becket, that Henry II. " wolde fordoo 
 suche lawes as his oldres hadde vsed to-fore hym.'' Palsgrave says, " What so euer 
 he do on the one day, on the morowe I wyll fordo it, defaire.'" 
 
 ' Jocelyn de Brakelonda relates in his Chronicle, p. 84, that Abbot Samson ex- 
 amined the relics of St. Edmund in 1 198, and when the shrine was closed up, '^ positus 
 est sttper loculiimfortilus quidam sei-icits, in quo depositafuit scedula Anglice scripta, 
 continens quasdam salutacioiies Ailirini Monac/ti," with a meraori:il of the opening of 
 the shrine, which was subscribed by all who had been present. Poruli, according to 
 Papias, are " theccevel cista; librornm, tabularum, vel aliarum rertan, ut spat<e ; dict<p, 
 quod deforis tegant ;'' in French, fourreau, or fourel, has the like meaning. Horman 
 says, "I hadde leuer haue my boke sowed in a forel {consuatur in cuculli invo- 
 lucro) than bounde in bourdis, and couerede, and elapsed, and garnysshed with 
 bolyens." Jennings, in his Observations on the Dialects of the West, states that the 
 cover of a book is still termed a forrel. Palsgrave gives " coueryng for a book, chemi- 
 sette,'^ a term which appears to be synonymous with forelle, and which has been ex- 
 plained by Charpentier, ?'. Camisia libri. In an Inventory taken at Notre Dame, 
 Paris, in 1492, is mentioned " ung petit messel, convert de cuir rouge, garni d'une 
 chemisette de chevrotin rouge.'''' Two of the mourners, whose figures are seen around 
 the tomb of Richard Beauchamp, at Warwick, hold each a book, wrapped in the forelle, 
 or chemisette ; see Stothard's Monumental Effigies. Its fashion is more clearly ex- 
 hibited in a picture at Munich, by Schorel, which has furnished the subject of a plate 
 in Shaw's Dresses and Decorations. 
 
 3 This verb is derived from the Ang.-Sax. for, which often gives in composition the 
 sense of privation or deterioration, and fandian, tentare. " God forfende it ! " p.\lsg. 
 To forhinder, signifying to prevent, is retained in the Easl-.\nglian dialect, according 
 to Forby. Many other words similarly compounded have become wholly obsolete, se-
 
 172 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Forfetyn'.' Forefacio, delin- 
 
 quo. 
 Forfetyxge, or forfeture. Fore- 
 
 faccio,forefactura. 
 Forfetowre. Forefactor. 
 FooRGE of sraythys. Fahrateria, 
 
 CATU.fabrica, catii. comm. 
 Forgyn'. Fahrefacio. 
 Formed. Frons, sinciput. 
 (FoRHELY'N, K. 11. P. for-hyllyn' 
 
 cowncel, s.'- Celo.^ 
 FoR-HUNGRYD, and an-hungryd.^ 
 
 Fcmielicus. 
 FoRKE. Furca, pala. 
 For-latyn', or leve desolate. 
 
 Desolo. 
 Forlatyn'. Desohdus. 
 Forlate place. Absoletus, c. f. 
 Forme. Forma. 
 FooRMEjlonge stole. jiS'/>owf/rt, Dice. 
 FooRME of an hare, or o])er lyke. 
 
 Lustrum, KYLW. 
 Foormyd. For mains. 
 Foormyn', or makyn'. Formo. 
 
 FooRMYNGE, or makynge. For- 
 
 macio. 
 FooRMYNGE, or techynge, or in- 
 
 formynge (or infourmynge of 
 
 techinge, p.) Instruccio, in- 
 Jbrmacio. 
 FoRMOWREjOr grubbynge yryn' of 
 
 gravowrys.-* Scrojina, cath. 
 
 runcina, c. f. 
 FoRNE parte of a thynge (fore 
 
 part, p.) Anterior pars. 
 FoRNE parte of a schyppe, or for- 
 
 schyppe. Prora. 
 For-sakyn'. Desero, reUnquo, 
 
 derelinquo, renuo. 
 FoRSAKYN',anddenyyn'. Ahnego. 
 Forsakyn', and refusyn'. Ab- 
 
 renuncio, refuto, recuso. 
 Forsakyn', or refusyd. Refutatus. 
 For-sakyn', or lefte. Derelictus, 
 
 relictus, cUmissus. 
 FoRSAKYNGE, or refiisynge. Re- 
 
 futacio, c. F. derelictio, desercio, 
 
 dimissus. 
 
 veral of which are given by Palsgrave, as the following; "To forbreake, Lydgate ; to 
 forilerke, make derke ; to fordevve, sprinkle with dewe ; to fordreynt, Lydgate, drowne ; 
 to fordull, u.ake one dull of wyt ; to forlye, as a nouryce dothc her chylde whan she 
 kylleth it in the nyght ; to forwaye, go out of the waye, Lydgate ; to forwery, &c." 
 
 1 Chaucer, Gower, and the early writers generally, use tlie verb to forfeit in its pri- 
 mary sense of committing a transgression ; in French forfaire has the same significa- 
 tion. ^^ Forisfacio, id est offendere vel 7iocere, to forfeyte." outus. "What have I 
 forfayted against you ? " i'alsg. 
 
 2 Ang.-Sax. forhelan, celare. See hvllyn. 
 
 3 llardyng relates the honours that were falsely paid to the remains of Richard IL 
 
 " Fro Poumfret brought with great SDlemjinyte, 
 
 (Men sayde forhungered lie was) and lajjped in lede. 
 
 At Poules his masse was done and diryge." Chron. c. 200, 
 
 4 The Catholicon gives the following explanation : ^' A .scrohs dici/iir scrofiiia, qnnd- 
 dam instnimentnm curpenfarii, r/uia henmdo Hcrobem facial .'''' " Runcina est (jnoildam 
 arlificinmfabri lif/narii gi'acile et recurvum, quo cavantiir tabule lit una altera alleri 
 canncctalur ; /^/////ke, a grypjiynge yron." ohtus. Palsgrave gives the term " for- 
 mowr, or gruldyng yron," which appears to signify a gouge. See gkowpyn' wythe aa 
 yryn, as gravowrys, runco.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PAUVULORUM. 
 
 173 
 
 FoRSOTHE. Vere,utiq7ie, quinimo, 
 
 profecto, siquiclem, Amen. 
 FoR-SPEKYx', or charmyn'.' Fas- 
 
 cino, CATH. 
 
 FoRSTERE, or fostere. Foresta- 
 rius, indagarius, indago, vel 
 indagator (yiridarius, p.) 
 
 FoRSWERERE, or he ))at ys oft 
 forsworon'. Lahro, c. f. 
 
 Forsweryn'. Perjuro. 
 
 FoRSWERYNGE. Pevjiivium, per- 
 juracio, ohjia'acio. 
 
 FoRswoRNE. Perjurns. 
 
 FoRTHYNKYNGE of dede doiie. 
 Penitiido, cath. 
 
 Forthynkyn'.- Penitet, hio,VG. 
 
 Forthegate. Transitus, pro- 
 
 feccio. 
 Forth egone. Profectus. 
 FoRTHYRST. SUibundus, siciens. 
 Fortopppe. Aqualium, catii. 
 
 calvaria, cath. et c. f. 
 Fortune, or happe. Fortuna, 
 
 eventus, casus. 
 Forwarde, or cumna^vnt/^ Co?i- 
 
 vencio, pactum. 
 Forwarde, or more vttyr. Ultra, 
 
 ulterius. 
 Forwhy (forqwhy, h.) Quin 
 
 (quia, quoniam, p.) 
 For the nonys (nones, w.y 
 
 Idcirco, ex proposito. 
 
 ' " Facina, a forspekere, or a tylstere {al. tylyere). Fascino, to forspeke or ouersee." 
 MED. GRAMM. " To forspeke, fascinare, incantare : a forspekynge, fascinacio, 
 /^acinus." cath. ang. Palsgrave says, " I forspeake a thyng by enchauntementes. 
 Some witche hath forspokea hym, qiielque vauduyse la en ch ante.'''' W. Turner, in his 
 Herbal, loG2, says that "there are sum date trees in whose fruite is a stone bowyng 
 after y"^ fasshon of an half moon, and thys sum polyshe with a toothe, with a certayn 
 religion agaynst forspekyng and bewitchyng." The Ang. -Sax. for-spsec has merely 
 the signification of a preface, fore-speca, prolocutor ; by Shakespeare and other writers 
 to forespeak is used with the sense of forbidding. The use of the word in the sense of 
 fascinating or charming arose probably from a superstitious belief, which is not extinct 
 at the present time in North Britain, that certain persons had the power of injuring or 
 bewitching others by immoderate praise. See Jamieson's observations upon this word. 
 
 2 Richard Earl of Arundel, having made in Parliament certain complaints against 
 John of Gaunt, which were answered by Richard II., the Earl was obliged to make 
 before the House an apology which was enrolled, wherein he thus expresses himself: 
 " Hit forthynketh me, and byseche yowe of your gode I^ordship to remyt me your 
 mau-talent." Rot. Pari. in. 314, A.D. 1393. "To rewe, penitere, is,-c. uhi to for- 
 thynke. A forthynkynge, compunccio, contricio, penitencia.'' cath. ang. 
 
 ^ In the romance of Richard Coer de Lion it is related that Saladin made a treaty 
 with him that for three years pilgrims should have free access to the holy city. 
 
 " The next day he made forewarde 
 
 Of trewes to the Kyng Richard." line 711.^. 
 
 In Sir Amadace the \Vhite Knight makes an agreement in these terms ; 
 " Butte a forwart make I with the, or that thou goe, 
 That euyn to part be-twene vs toe, 
 
 The godus thou base wonun and spedde." Stanza 42. 
 See also the Avowynge of King Arther, stanza 35; Cant. Tales, Prologue, 831, 85-J. 
 Ang. -Sax. fore-weard, pacttim. 
 
 4 << Ynr y"^ naynste, abintenfo." cath. ang. Various are the conjectures that have 
 been made with regard to the derivation of this phrase. See Tyrwhitt's note on Cant.
 
 174 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 F0R3ETARE (forgeter, p.) Im- 
 
 memor, obJitor. 
 FoR-3ETVLLE, 01" fretefulle (forget- 
 ful!, p.)' Obliviosus (^letenus, p.) 
 FoR5ETyN'. Obliviscor, necligo. 
 FoRYETYN'lessonys, or other loore 
 
 and techyngys. Dedisco, cath. 
 
 in disco. 
 F0R-5ETYN' or for-3etyn' (sic.y^ 
 
 Oblitus. 
 F0R-3ETYNGE. Ohlivio. 
 For-yevyn' trespace, or dette 
 
 (forgeuen, p.) Indulgeo, re- 
 
 mitto, condono. 
 For-yevenesse (forgyuenesse, p.) 
 
 Venia, remissio. 
 Foryevynge, idem quod for- 
 yevenesse, stipra. 
 FooRDE, passage ouer a water 
 
 (forthe or water passinge, p.) 
 
 Vadum, CATH. 
 Forth ERYNGE, or promocyon 
 
 (forthe, or fortheringe, p.) Pro- 
 
 mocio. 
 
 Fostere, supra, idem quod for- 
 
 STERE. 
 
 Foot. Pes. 
 
 Foot be foot. Pedetetim. 
 FooTE, mesure. Pedalis, cath. 
 FoTYNGE. Peditacio. 
 FoTYNGE, or fundament. Fun- 
 
 damentum. 
 FoT MANN, or he ]>at goythe on 
 
 foote. Pedester, pedes, c. f. 
 Foot stappe. Vestigium. 
 FoTE steppe, of a mann only. 
 
 Peda, cath. et kylw. 
 FowAYLE (or fowaly, p.)^ Fo- 
 
 cale. 
 FowAR, or clensare.'* 3Iundator, 
 
 emundator, purgator, munda- 
 
 trijc, puvijicatrix. 
 FowARE, or clensare of donge, as 
 
 gongys, and o])er lyke. Fi- 
 
 marius, oblifor, c. f. 
 FowER, orfewelere, or fyyr maker 
 
 (fovwer, H.)'^ Focarius, velfo- 
 
 caria, focularius. 
 
 Tales, V. ,381 ; Jamieson's Diet. v. Nanes ; and Sir Frederick Madden's glossaries 
 appended to William and the Werwolf, and Syr Gawayn. In the last he retracts the 
 opinion previously expressed, and is disposed to conclude that the original form of the 
 phrase was the Saxon " for than anes." It implies occasion, purpose, or use ; thus 
 Palsgrave gives " for the nonest, de mesmes ; for the nones, tj propos, a escient. C'est 
 nn gallant de mesmes, et de fait apcnce. This dagger is sharpenned for the nones, 
 affille (out a esciant." Horman says, " he fayned or made hymselfe sicke for the nonis, 
 deditd operd. He delayeth the matter for the nonys, de industrid. It is a false mater 
 deuysed for tlie nonys, deditd operd conficta.^' Occasionally, as in the following in- 
 stance, it is used ironically : " You are a cooke for the nones, wyll you sethe these 
 roches, or you haue scaled them? vous estes ting cidsinier de mesmes," Sic. palsg. 
 " He is a popte fole, or a starke fole, forthe nonys, hnmofatuitate nionsirabilis.^' horm. 
 ' The word fretefulle seems here evidently a corrupt reading, which is corrected by 
 Pynson. For letentis should probably be read letheus, " i. odlwiosus." jiRTva. 
 
 2 The correct reading, probably, is here either i-oryetyn, or for3etyn ; or possibly 
 forgetyn. See the note on the word fayne. 
 
 3 See eyldynge, or fowayle. In the Romance of Richard Coer de Lion this word 
 seems to have the more general sense of provisions, or needful supplies. When Richard 
 arrived at Cologne the heads of the city issued the command, 
 
 " No man selle hem no fowayle." line 1-171. 
 
 ♦ See FEYAR, FYiN, and goonge fyrmar. The appellation Fowar occurs as a 
 surname in the Issue Roll of tlie Exch. 44 Edw. III. " Will. Fowar, falconer." 
 
 * " Focarius, a fuclcrc, or makere of fyrc." medulla. See Nares, v. fueler.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 175 
 
 FowYDjOrdensyd.MundafuSfpur- 
 
 gatus; purijicatus, emundatus. 
 Fowyn', or make clene.^ Mundo, 
 
 emuiido, purgo, puvijico, 
 FowYNGE, or clensynge. Emun- 
 
 dacio, purgacio, purijicacio. 
 FowYR. Quatuor. 
 FowRE TYMES. Quttter. 
 FowLE, bryd. Avis, volucer. 
 FowLE, of fylthe. Turpis, vilis, 
 
 sordidus. 
 Fowl, on-then de, or owte caste 
 
 (vnthende, p.) Ahjectus. 
 Fowl ARE. Auceps, avicularius. 
 Fowlyn', or take byrdys. Au- 
 
 CUpor, COMM. 
 
 Fowlyn', or defowlyn' (defylen, 
 p.) Tiirpo, deturpo, maculo, 
 coinquino,Jedo, poUuo. 
 
 FowLYNGE, of fylthe. Detur- 
 pacio, pollucio, sordidacio. 
 
 FowLYNGE, or takynge of byrdys. 
 Aucupium, UG. in aueo. 
 
 FoowNE, beeste (fown, k. h.) 
 Hinnulus, vel innulus, cath. 
 
 FowNDER of a place. Fundator, 
 
 FowNDOWRS (fowndowresse, h. 
 foundresse, p.) Fundatriic. 
 
 FowNDRYD, as horse. 
 
 Fownderyn' (fowundryn, v.)- 
 
 FoWNDRYiVGE. 
 
 Fowre, supra (i7i fovvyr.) 
 FowRE corneryd. Quadran- 
 
 gulus, qiuidr angular is. 
 Fowre folde. Quadruplus. 
 Fowre fetyd (fotyd, k. foted, 
 
 J'.) Quadripes. 
 Fowre hundryd. Quadringinti. 
 Fowre square (fowre scware, or 
 
 fowre sware, h.) Quadrics. 
 Fowre square stone. Tessel- 
 
 lum, c. F. (^peretalum, p.) 
 Fowrthe, or thefowrte. Quartus. 
 FowRETENE. Quatuordecim. 
 Fowre tymes. Quater. 
 (FouRTY, p. Quadraginta.^ 
 FowRTY tymes. Qiiadragesies. 
 FowRTNYGHT. Quindena. 
 Fox, beeste. Vulpes, cath. 
 FoxYSHE (foxich, K.) Vulpinus. 
 (Fracchyn', supra in cherkyii', 
 
 as newe cartys ; frashin, s.)^ 
 Frayle of frute (frayil, k.) Pa- 
 
 lata, CATii. carica, cath. et 
 
 UG. in coposA 
 Frayyn', idem quod feryn', 
 
 supra (fraiyn, or afrayn, k. 
 
 afrayin, p.) 
 
 ' " I fowe a gonge, ie cure un retraict, or ortrait. Thou shalte eate no buttered 
 fysshe with me, tyll thou wasshe thy handes, for thou hast fowed a gonge late.'' palsg. 
 Forby gives the verb to tie, fey or fay, as still used in Norfolk in this sense. See fyix. 
 
 - Palsgrave gives the verb " to fownder as a horse, trihucher.'''' Dr. Turner, in his 
 Herbal, 1562, makes use of the term in allusion to ailments of the human body, where 
 he says that Pyrethrum " is excellently good for any ])arte of the body y' is fundied or 
 foundered." In his treatise of baths and mineral waters, he says that the baths of 
 Baden, in High Germany, " heate muche membres that are foundre or fretished wyth 
 cold, and bringe them to theyr naturall heate agayne ;" and that the Pepper bath has 
 virtues to restore " limbs fretished, foundered and made numn^e wyth colde." 
 
 3 This word appears to be now only retained in the Nortii Country e.vpression to 
 fratch, signifying to scold or quarrel. It seems to be derived from A.S. freoi!)an,y/vcare. 
 Compare Jamieson, v. Frate. 
 
 4 "The Catholicon gives the following explanation : '* A pahts dicitur palata, quia fit 
 de palis, et palate sunt masse que de recentibus ficubiis complngi solent, quas inter palas
 
 !76 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Frakine (fraken, k. frakne, h. 
 
 freken, p.)' Lentigo, c. f. len- 
 
 ticida, c. F. 
 Frakxy, or fraculde (frekeny, p.) 
 
 Lentigi{n)osus. 
 Fraknyd, idem quod frakny. 
 Frame of a worke. Fahrica. 
 Framyd. Dolatus. 
 
 Framyd tre. Assa, vg. etc Ain. 
 
 cadia. 
 Framyn' tymbyr for howsys (or 
 
 hewyn, p.)- Dolo. 
 Framynge of tymbyr. Dolatura. 
 Framyxge, or afframynge, or 
 
 wynnynge.'^ Lucrum, emolu- 
 
 rnentum. 
 
 ad solem siccant ," and carica properly signifies dates preserved in a similar naanner. In 
 the Romance of Coer de Lion are mentioned, among provision for the army, 
 
 " Fyggys, raysyns in frayel." line 1549. 
 
 "A frayle of fygys, palata.^' cath. ang. " Frayle for fygges, cabas, cabache.^' 
 PALSG. Minsheu would derive the term ^'' afragilitate," and Skinner from the Italian 
 fragli ; but it more closely resembles the old French " Fraiaus, frayel ; cabas, yanier 
 <fe Jonc." ROQUEF. In Suffolk, according to iNIoore, a flexible mat-basket is called a 
 frail. See Bp. Kennett's and Nares' Glossaries. 
 
 * Chaucer makes use of this word in his description of the King of Inde. 
 
 " A fewe fraknes in his face y-sprent, 
 
 Betwixen yelwe and blake somdel y-meint." Knight's Tale. 
 
 IntheglossontheEquivocaofJoh.de Garlandia it is said, " le7iticula est quedam 
 macula in facie hominis, Anglice a spotte or frecon : lenliculosvs, fraconed.'' " Frecken, 
 or frecclns in oue's feice, lentile, bratid de Judas.^^ palsg. Forby observes that the 
 word freckens is still used in Norfolk. A. S. frsecn, tiirpitudo. 
 
 2 Previously to the XVIth cent, the ordinary mode of constructing houses in the 
 eastern counties, as likewise in other parts of England, was by forming a frame of wood, 
 or skeleton structure, the intervals or panels being afterwards filled up with brickwork, 
 lath and plaster, or indurated earth, by the process called in Norfolk dawbing. Such 
 constructions are usually termed timbered houses, or, in Shropshire, Cheshire, and 
 neighbouring counties, where they are found highly ornamented, black and white 
 houses. Harrison, who wrote his description of England about A.D. 1579, being re- 
 sident in Essex, observes that " the ancient manours and houses of our gentlemen are 
 yet and for the most part of strong timber, in framing whereof our carpenters haue 
 been, and are, worthilie preferred before those of like science among all other nations. 
 Howbeit, such as be latelie builded are comonlie either of bricke or hard stone, or 
 both." B. ii. c. 12, Holinsh. Chron. i. 188. It is from this period that a marked 
 change in the costly and ornamental character of domestic architecture in England is to 
 be dated ; previously, with the exception of some parts where the abundant supply of 
 stone occasioned a more frequent use of such solid materials, houses were ordinarily of 
 framed work. Palsgrave says, " My house is framed all redye {charpente), it wanteth 
 but setting up." Among the disbursements for building Little Saxham Hall, A.D. 
 1507, by Thomas Lucas, Sol. General to Henry VII. occur payments "to the joy- 
 nours for framyng of G chambres, 25». For framyng of my great parlour and great 
 chambre, 10«." Rokewode's Hist. Suff. 147. The stat. 37 Hen. VIII. c. G, 1545, 
 recites that certain novel outrages had of late been practised, such as "the secret 
 burnynge of frames of tymber prepared and made, by the owners therof, redy to be 
 sett up, and edified for houses." This misdemeanour was made felony. 
 
 3 Forby gives the verb to frame, as meaning in Norfolk to shape the demeanour to an
 
 I'ROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 177 
 
 Frank, kepynge of fowlys to 
 make fatte.' Saginarium, Dice. 
 
 Frankyd. SaQuiatus. 
 
 Frankynge. Sao-inacio. 
 
 Frankincens. Olibanum, fran- 
 cum incensum, c. f, {thus, p.) 
 
 FRANKELEYNE-T/C'^er^/ziM*, KYLW. 
 
 Fraunce, londe. Francia (Gal- 
 lia, p.) 
 
 Frawnciiemul, puddynge (fraun- 
 chem, p.)- Lucanica, c. f. 
 
 Fraunchyse (francheyse, k.) 
 Liber tas, territorium. 
 
 Free. Liber. 
 
 Fredam. Libertas. 
 
 Fre hertyd in yeftys (in 5iftys, 
 
 K, free of giftis, p.) Liberalis. 
 Freyl, and brokulle, or brytyllo 
 
 (febyl, K. febyll or brekyll, p.) 
 
 Frag His. 
 Freylneesse. Fragilifas. 
 Freythe of caryage (freyt, or 
 
 freythe, k. freight, or cariage, 
 
 p.) Vectura, nabulum, c. f. et 
 
 UG. trajectio, cath. 
 Freyhte, orfeer (freyt, or fer, k. 
 
 freyth, h.) Timor, pavor, terror. 
 Freytowre. Refectorium, 
 
 occasion of ceremony. In N. Britain it has the signification of succeeding, and is de- 
 rived by Jamieson from A. S. fremian, valere, prodesse. In the Craven dialect it im- 
 plies making an attempt. 
 
 ' The word frank appears to be derived from the old French. Cotgrave gives 
 " i^ranc, a franke or stie to feed and fatten hogs in;" and Florio renders Saghiario, 
 " a franke, or coupe, or penue ; a place where beasts or birds are fatned." Ital. Diet. 
 Harrison, in his description of England, speaking of the mode of making brawn, say=, 
 " it is made commonlie of the fore part of a tame bore, set vp for the purpose by the 
 space of a whole yere or two, especiallie in gentlemen's houses (for the husband meu 
 and farmers neuer franke them for their owne vse aboue three or foure moneths), in 
 which time he is dieted with otes and peason," &c. B. iii. c. i. Holinsh. Chron. i. 22'-2. 
 This verb is used by Shakespeare, and repeatedly by Holland, in his translation of 
 Pliny. See Nares' Glossary. 
 
 - Lutanca, ms. " A franchemole, lucanica.''' ca.th. ang. The Catholicon observes, 
 " Lucanica — qtioddam yenus cibi, et ut dicunt sahucia, quia jjrinio in Litcanid est facia." 
 It is a term of French derivation; Cotgrave gives " Fratic/iemulle d' un mouton, a sheepcs 
 call or kell," and it seems to have signified a viand much the same as the haggis. Di- 
 rections for compounding it will be found in the " Kalendare de leche metys," Harl. 
 MS. 279, f. 32. " Nym eyroun with ^e whyte, and gratid brede, and chepis talow. 
 Also grete as dyse nym pepir, safroun, and grynd alle to-gederys, and do in j>e wombe 
 of Jjc chepe, hat is he mawe, and sethe beta wyl, and serue forth." See also the Forme 
 of Cury, p. 9.'). The following metrical recipe "for frauuche mele " occurs in the 
 " Crafte of Cure," Sloane MS. 1986, f. 85. 
 
 " Take swongene eyrene in bassyne clene. 
 And kreme of mylke j-at is so schene, 
 And myyd bred hou put J>er to. 
 And powder of peper hou more do. 
 Coloure hyt with safrone in hast. 
 And krcmelyd sewet of schepe on last ; 
 And fylle |>y bagge hat is so gode. 
 And sew hyt fast, sir, for |'o rode. 
 Whenne hyt is sohun I'ou sclialt hyt leche, 
 And broyle hyt on gredel as I the teche." 
 
 CAMD. SOC. 
 
 2 A
 
 178 
 
 PROMI'TORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Frely. Lihere, gratis. 
 Fremanx. Liber, libera. 
 Fremann, made of bonde (manu- 
 
 misyd, k.) 3Ianumissus, coJi- 
 
 bertu.9, mannmissa, coliberta, 
 
 c. F. libertus, cath, 
 Fremyd, or strawnge (frend, or 
 
 strange, K. fremmed, n.i*.)' Ex- 
 
 traneus, alienus, externns, uo. v. 
 Freend. Amicus, arnica. 
 Freendfulle. AmicabiJis. 
 Freendly. Amicabiliter. 
 Frenesse of hert, or lyberalyte. 
 
 Liberalitas. 
 Frexesy, sekenesse. Frenesis, 
 
 mania. 
 Frenetyke (frentyk, K.) Fre- 
 
 neticus, maniatus. 
 Frenge, or lyoure. Tenia, glossd 
 
 3Ierarii (orarium, K.) 
 
 Frenschyppe (frenchcpe, h.) 
 
 Amicicia, amicabi/itas. 
 Frere (fryer', p.) Frater. 
 Frees, idein quod freyl, supra 
 
 (fres, or freel, k. or brokyl, or 
 
 broyyl, ii. broyle, p.)- 
 Fresche. Fecens, frisciis. 
 Fresche, ioly and galaunt (fresshe 
 
 and gay, p.)-^ Pedimitiis, cath. 
 Freschly, and newly. Kecenter, 
 
 noviter. 
 Freschly, or iolyly, and gayly. 
 
 Gaudiose, friscose, rcdimite. 
 Fresyn', froste. Gelat, c. f. 
 Fresynge, or froste. Geliditas, 
 
 CATII. 
 
 Freste, or to frest yn byynge or 
 borowynge (frest, or frestynge, 
 K.) 3Iutuum. 
 
 Frestyn', or lende to freste 
 
 ' Fremyde is a word used by most of the older writers. 
 
 " Sal neuer freik on fold, fremmyt nor freynde, 
 
 Gar me lurk for ane luke lawit nor lerd." Golagros and Gawane, 1079. 
 " Mony klyf he ouer clambe in contraye3 stiaunge, 
 
 Fer floten fro his frendej fremedly he rydes." 
 
 Gawayn and G. Knyjt, 714. 
 
 It occurs in Rob. of Glouc. and Chaucer ; and signifies both strange, as regards 
 country, and alien, as to kindred. 
 
 " Whether he be fremd, or of his blod, 
 The child, he seyd, is trewe and gode." Amis and Amiloun, \D',)0. 
 
 " Those children tliat are nursed by frembde men's fires are, for tlie most part, more 
 liarde and strong then they be whicli are daintily brought up in their owne fatliers 
 houses." Precious Pearle, translated by Coverdale, A.D. Ifj^iO. " Fremmyd, e.z7erM*, 
 externus. To make fremmyd, extertninare.'^ cath. ang. " Eater, the last, frem- 
 mede, or strange." milDulla. " iils^rawye, separated from, growne frcmme or out of 
 knowledge, and acquaintance. Eslrangier, a stranger, alien, outlander, a fremnie 
 bodie, that is neither a dweller with, nor of kinne vnto us." cotg. Ang. -Sax. frcmed, 
 alienuH. 
 
 '^ Compare brokdol, or frees, where possibly the correct reading should be brokyl ; 
 and si'ERE, or fres. 
 
 ^ Chaucer and Gower use tlie word fresh in the sense of handsome, or ornamented ; 
 Ilormau says, " the buyhlynge is more fresshe than profitable, rnajoris ostentationis est 
 quam uat/.s. Our churche hath a sliarpe steplc with a fiesshe top, cum nrnnto fasiiyio.^' 
 So likewise Palsgrave gives " fresshe, gorgyouse, gay, or well hei!CiMi,fri.sqiie,r/aiHar(."
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 179 
 
 (frestyn, or leendyn, h.)' Presto, 
 
 comodo, accomodo, mutuo. 
 Fretyn', or chervyii' (choruyn, 
 
 H.) Torqueo, catii. 
 Fretyn', or weryn', as metalle be 
 
 ruste (or knawyn, ii. gnawen, 
 
 p.) Corrodo, demollio. 
 Fretynge. Corrosio. 
 Fretynge, payne yn' J)e wombe. 
 
 Torcio. 
 Fryyd. Frixus, confrivua. 
 Fryke, or craske, or yn grete 
 
 helthe. Crassus. 
 Frykenesse. Crassitudo. 
 Fryyn' yn a pann'. Frigo,frixo, 
 
 c. F. 
 Fryynge. Frivatura, catii. 
 Fryynge pann. Surtago,Jri:f- 
 
 orium, cath. 
 Frys A RE, or he ))at frysythe clothe. 
 
 Villator. 
 
 Fryse, or frysyd clothe. Pannus 
 
 villatus. 
 Fryse clothe. Villo. 
 (Frysed, as clothe, p. Villatus.^ 
 Frysynge of clothe. Villatura. 
 Frytowre, cake. Lagana. {La- 
 
 gana sunt lata jicines sarta- 
 
 gine plagd. K.) 
 Fro a-bowyn' (fro abovyn, k, 
 
 from aboue, p.) Desuper, de- 
 
 sursum. 
 (Fro be-nethyn, k. ii. from be- 
 
 nethe, p. Deorsion.) 
 Fro fere (fro far, p.) Eminits, 
 
 de longe. 
 Frogge, or froke, munkys abyte 
 
 (frok, monkes clothinge, j. w.) 
 
 F locus, in Jure, libro vj. 
 (Froke, monkes habyte, k. p. 
 
 frogge, II. Cuculla, culla, 
 
 cath.)2 
 
 ' Ray gives among his N. Country words " to frist, to trust for a time." A.S. 
 fyrstan, inducias facere. Jamieson explains it as signifying in the primary sense to 
 delay, or postpone, and thence to give on credit, to grant delay as to payment. Germ, 
 fristen, prorogare tarn-pus agendi. " To friste, induciare.^' cath. ang. 
 
 ■^ " A froke, cuchUks." cath. ang. There is much ambiguity in the use of the 
 term yrocc?(s, the monastic frock, which occasionally appears to have been confounded 
 with the cuculla, although properly a distinct garment. At the General Council at 
 Vienna, 1312, Clement V. defined the cuculla to be along, full, and sleeveless garment ; 
 the_;?oec?<.v, considered identical with froccus, to be a long habit, with long and wide 
 sleeves. They are evidently distinguished by Ingulph, who statesamong the ordinances 
 of Egelric, Abbot of Croyland from 975 to 992, " Induit onini anno totum conventum 
 cum sectd sud de tunicis, omni altera anno de cucullis, et omni tertio anno defroccis.''' 
 Rerum Angl. Script, i. 54. The distinction appears likewise to be made by M. Paris, 
 where he speaks of the unbecoming changes in monastic attire, introduced at St. Alban's 
 during the time of Abbot Wulnoth, towards the close of the Xth cent. So also in the 
 enumeration of garments allowed by custom to each monk of Glastonbury, at the latter 
 part of the Xlth cent, it is stated, " tmusqnisque fratrxim ij cucullas, et ij froccon, et 
 ij stamina, et ij femoralia habere debet, et iv caligas, et peliciam novam per singnlos 
 annos.^' G. de Malmsb. de Anticpi. Glast. Hearne, ed. Domerham, i. 1 19. At an early 
 period the cowl appears to have been portion of a sleeveless garment which sometimes was 
 a mere cape, but occasionally reached quite to the heels, and was worn over the long, 
 full, and sleeved habit termed a frock. See the illustrative plates in Murat. Script. 
 Ital. i. part 2, Chron. Vulturnense ; Mabill. Ann. Bened. i. 121. At a subsequent time 
 it seems that these garments ceased to be distinct, and tlie long dress of the monk, having 
 the cowl attached to it, was termed indifferently //-occf/.v, frocca, a.m\ floccics, or cuculla. 
 Further information on this subject will be found in Ducange.
 
 180 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Frogge, or frugge, tode. Bufo. 
 
 Froiiens forewarde. Amodo, de- 
 inceps, acfenus, decetero. 
 
 Frohexs (frohethyn, k. fro heyin, 
 H. fro heyine, s. fro heym, p.) 
 Hinc, dehinc (abhinc, k.) 
 
 Fro NY (or fro nere, k. p.) Co- 
 mimis. 
 
 Front, /f/em qiiodvoB.WE.T), supra. 
 
 Fro YD custummere )jat byythe of 
 a-nother, as 5erne byers (froth 
 custumnare, \aX byy|> off a-nodor, 
 as 3arne byars, s.)' 
 
 Froyse.- Frixura, cath. Ver- 
 sus, Frixu nocent, elijca ju- 
 vant, assata coartant. Hec 
 c. F. 
 
 Froke, or frosche (frosh, k. 
 
 froske, or frosche, H. s. p. or 
 
 frogge, w.)^ Rana. 
 Frost. Gelu. 
 Frothe. Spuina, catii. spu- 
 
 inula, KYLW. 
 (Frowarde, s. p.) Contrarius, 
 
 perversiis, protervus. 
 Frowardnesse. Perversitas, 
 
 contrarietas, protervitas. 
 Fro WYTHE yn'. Abmter,deintus. 
 Fro wytiie owte (fro wit owtyn, 
 
 K.) Ab extra. 
 Frownar. Fruncator, cath. 
 
 in nario, rugator. 
 Frownce of a cuppe.-* Fronti- 
 
 nella {frigium, p.) 
 Frownyn'. Frunco, cath. in 
 
 subsamno, sanno. 
 
 1 A satisfactory interpretation of this word has in vain been sought. The practice of 
 buying up woollen yarn for exportation was carried to a great extent in Norfolk, and 
 other parts of England. It was highly injurious to the interests of the cloth-workers, 
 and occasioned loss to the revenue. Many enactments appear in the statutes to protect 
 both the weavers of Norfolk, and the customs, against the crafty proceedings of merchants, 
 both strangers and denizens, " regrators and gatherers of woll." See particularly stat. 
 23 Hen. VI. c. 2 ; 7 Edw. IV. c. 3 ; 4 Hen. VII. c. 11 ; 83 Hen. VIII. c. 16. Perhaps 
 froyd may imply the artful diligence with which covetous traders persisted including the 
 statutes, and robbing the staple manufacturers of Norfolk. Jamieson explains " frody " 
 as signifying cunning ; Teut. vroed, inclustrius, aitentus ad rem. In the North, ac- 
 cording to Crockett, froating means anxious unremitting industry. 
 
 - A pancake is called in the Eastern counties a froyse, a term derived, as Skinner 
 conjectures, either from frixare, or the French froisner, because the substances of 
 which it is compounded are beaten up together. Forby gives, as a Norfolk j)roverb, 
 the following phrase : "If it won't pudding, it will froize ; " if it won't do for one 
 purpose, it will for another. See ancient recipes in the F'orme of Cury, p. 9G ; and the 
 " Kalendare de Leche metys. Froyse out of Lentyn. '' Ilarl. MS. 299, f. 3G. " Froyse 
 of egges, uovte d'oerfz.'" palsg. VouUe d'amfs is the ancient appellation of an omelet. 
 " Fritilln, a froyse or pancake." i;lvot. 
 
 3 A small frog, according to Forby, is called in Norfolk a fresher. The distinction 
 which appears to be here made between krogge, tode, and raoKK, or frosche, is pos- 
 hibly dialectical ; they seem properly, however, to be synonymous, the former derived 
 from A.S. frogga, rana, while th(! latter assimilates more nearly to the Germ, frosch, 
 Dan. frosk, a frog. Toodk, fowh- wyrme, occurs hereafter. " Rana, a froske, or 
 Irogge." ORTUS. " A froske, ofjrednla, rana, rvbcia, ranvln." cath. ang. In the 
 Golden Legend, in the Life of St. Peter, is a relation of the deceit ])ractis(al ujion Nero 
 by his physicians, when he ordered them, " Make ye me w' chylde, and after to be 
 delyuered, y' I may know what payne my moder sutfred : which by craft they gaue to 
 hym a yonge frosshe to drynke, and it grewe in his bely.'' 
 
 4 This term appears to signify the kind of ornament wliich in modern goldsmith's
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 181 
 
 Frownyn' wythe the nose. Nusio, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Frownynge. Fruncacio, catii. 
 
 in suhsamno, riigacio. 
 Frownt, or frunt of a churche, or 
 
 o])er howsys. Frontisplcmm, 
 
 C. F. CATH. 
 
 Fruce, or frute. Fructus. 
 Frutuose, or fulle of frute (fruc- 
 
 tuowse, K.) Friictuosus, uber. 
 Frumpylle. Ruga, rugula. 
 Frumplyd. Rugatus, riigulutus. 
 Fruxtelle of ail awtere.' Frun- 
 
 tellus. 
 
 work is called gadrooned, from the French " goderonne, a fashion of imbossement used 
 by goldsmiths, and termed knurling." cotg. France implies a wrinkle, crumple, or 
 gather, generally in allusion to dress, as in the Vis. of Piers Ploughm. 8657. " Froun- 
 syng, froncement .'' palsg. Frontinella is not explained by Due. and in the Ortus is 
 rendered " the pyt in the necke ; " it seems, therefore, to mean a wrinkled or irregular 
 depression of surface. Possibly the correct reading may be froncinella. Fronciatus, 
 i. rugatus, Due. 
 
 1 " A fruntalle,/ro??<a^e." oath. ang. The frontal of an altar is defined by Lynd- 
 wood to be '■'■ apparatus pendens in fronte altaris, qui apparatus alias dicitur Palla." 
 Provinc. 252. The synod of Exeter, A.D. 1287, ordained that in every chmxh the pa- 
 rishioners should provide '^fronfellum ad quodlibet altare.^'' Wilkins, ii. 139. Abp. 
 Winchelscy, in his Constitutions, A.D. 1305, prescribes that provision be made of 
 ^'frontale ad maynvm alfare, cum triltus iueltis.'^ Lyndw. 252. The frontal must not 
 be confounded with the permanent decoration of the fore-part of the altar, properly 
 termed tabula, or tablenieniiim, which was formed either of sculptured or painted work, 
 and sometimes of the most precious metals, chased, enamelled, and set with gems, as 
 was that in Winchester cathedral, described in the Inventory given by Strype, Life of 
 Abp. Parker, App. 187. The frontal was formed of the most costly stuffs, and often, 
 if not properly by prescribed usage, was of the same suit or colour as the vestments 
 used at the same time in the service of the altar. As there were both the tabula fron- 
 talis, and superfrontalis, which last seems to have been identical with the retro-tabula, 
 ov post-tabula, so likewise there were the pannvs frontalis, and siijierfrontalis, the 
 second being in both cases the decoration placed above the altar, and attached or ap- 
 pended to the wall or screen against which it was placed. The inventory of sacred or- 
 naments in the Wardrobe Book of 29 Edw. I. A.D. 1300, enumerates " Duo front alia 
 broudata major a et minora, de una sectd," p. 350; identical, probably, in purpose 
 with those termed "■frontella ij pro altar e, unum videlicet superius, e.t aliud inferius 
 pro eodem,"^ which were purchased by John de Ombresley, Abbot of Evesham, from 
 the executors of Will, de Lynne, Bp. of Worcester, who died in 1373. Harl. MS. 3763. 
 In Pat. 3 Hen. VI. these ornaments are again difterently termed. Among various gifts 
 to churches in France delivered by the executors of Henry V. it appears that they sent 
 to St, Denis " unam altam frontellam, et unam bassam frontellam de velvet, rubeas, 
 cum foliis aiireis brouderatas." Rym. x. 346. In the inventory of the gifts of Abp. 
 Chicheley to All Souls' Coll. A.D. 1437, there appears to be a distinction between the 
 tQTxns frontale and frontellum, as it enumerates, among many others, "j frontale et 
 svffrontale de btodio velvet operatum cum stellis, patibulo, et solutatione ; j front elltnn 
 de blodio velvet cum foliis quercinis aureis ; vj frontys, et ij suft'rontys itnius secltp, 
 steynid, jy»-o secundis altaribus," tkc. Gutcb, Coll. Cur. ii. 262. The precise difference 
 is not apparent, but each secta, or fotus apparatus for an altar, comprised, according to 
 this document, the ^'frontale, svffrontale, frontelluui, ij curtince, j des-cloth, j teca," 
 or corporas case : possibly frontellum may be only a diminutive of the other term. 
 Ducange gives the term " refrontale, apparatus altaris,^' the same, probably, as the 
 pannus superfrontalis ; as likewise the tabula suprafrontalis was, as has been observed 
 termed also retro-tabula.
 
 182 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 (Frute, p. Fructus, sitjjva in 
 
 FRUCE.) 
 
 Frutyn', or brynge forj^e frute. 
 
 Fruct'ifico. 
 FuL. Plenus, repletus. 
 FuL of wynde. Ventosiis. 
 FuLLE of wordys. Verhosus. 
 
 FULLARE. FuUo. 
 
 FuLE of golde, qiiod dicitur gold- 
 fule (goldfoyl, K.) Srateurrit 
 vel bratea, in plur. cath. 
 
 Fulfylln', or fyllyn'. Impleo, 
 repJeo. 
 
 Fulfyllyn', or make a-cethe in 
 thynge Jjat wantythe (makyn 
 a-set for jjyngys ]>bX wantun, s.) 
 Siipleo. 
 
 Fulfylle wythe mete. Sacio, 
 saturo. 
 
 FuLLE clothe. Fullo, catii. 
 
 FuLLYNGE. Fidlatura. 
 
 FuLMARE, best (fulmard, ii. p.)' 
 Pecoides, nice, fetontus, jietor. 
 
 FuLNESSE. Replecio, implecio. 
 
 FuLNESSE of mete (or fulsuncsse, 
 infra.) Sacietas, satztracio. 
 
 FuLNESSE of sownde. Sonoritas. 
 
 FuLNESSE or plente (fulsunesse, 
 K. H. p.) Huhunduncia^copia, 
 
 (Fulsunesse of mete, k.p. Saci- 
 etas.) 
 
 FuMETER, herbe. Fumus terre. 
 
 (Fumrell of an hows, k. p. sitpra 
 in fomerell. Fumarimn.) 
 
 Fundament, or grownde of a 
 byggy(n)ge (byggyn, K. be- 
 gynnynge, H. p. ) F undamentum. 
 
 Fundament, or grownde. /^«?2<^MA\ 
 
 FuNDELYNGE, as he })at ysfownd- 
 yn', and noman wote ho ys hys 
 fadur, ne hys modyr. Liventi' 
 cius, inveiiticia, aborigo, UG. 
 
 FuNKE, or lytylle fyyr.'-' Igniculus, 
 focidns. 
 
 FuNT, or fant. Baptisteriumy 
 fons baptismalis. 
 
 FuRBYSciiowRE, idem quod 
 FORBYSCIIOUR, siipra. 
 
 (FuRCLYD, supra in forclyd, ii. 
 furcled, supra in forded, p.) 
 
 Furgon' (furgont, k. furgun, or 
 fyre forke, p.)-* Rotabulum, 
 
 1 " A fulmerd, fetoncrus."' cath. ang. The polecat is commonly called in the 
 North a foumart. See Jamieson, Brockett, &c. The Acts of James II. King of Scots, 
 A.D. 1424, regulate the export of " fowmartis skinnis, callit fithowis." Tlie foumart 
 appears, liowever, to be distinct from the fitchew : in the Boke of St. Alban's, among 
 " bestys of the chace of the stynkynge fcwte," are named "the fulmarde, the fyches, 
 &c. and the pulcatte.'' Harrison, speaking of indigenous animals, and the hunting of 
 foxes and badgers, observes, " I might here introat largclie of other vermine, as the 
 polcat, theminiuer, the weasell, stote, fulmart, squirrill, fitchew, and such like." Descr. 
 of Eng. B. iii. c. 4. Isaac Walton mentions "the fitchet, the fulimart, tlie polecat," 
 &c. Comj)]. Angler, i. c. 1. See hereafter polk at (pulkat, ms.) idem quod fulmere. 
 
 * Forby gives funk as signifying touchwood. Tiie word may be derived from Germ, 
 funk, Dan. funke, scintilla. R. Brunne uses the phrase " not worth a fonk," seeming 
 to imply a brief existence, evanescent as a spark ; Langt. Chron. p. 171. In another 
 passage he relates that King John vowed vengeance upon Stephen Langton, and the 
 monks who had chosen him Archbishop, against the royal pleasure. 
 
 " Bebetenalle fonkes, or in prison Jjam bin de." p. 211. 
 Gower describes the amorous Perithous and Ipotasie as having drunk 
 " Of lust that like firie fonke." Conf. Am. lib. vi. 
 
 3 '< Furgone for an ouyn, r/at'Wrep.'' fals-.g. Cotgrave gives ^'•Fonrgon, an oven-
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 183 
 
 UG. in ruo, vertibulum, cath. 
 arpagio. Vide alia in fyre 
 
 FORKE. 
 
 FuRRODE (furryd, k.) Furrcdus. 
 Furryn' wythe furre. Furro, 
 
 penulo, KYLW. 
 FuRRYNGE, Furratura {pelli- 
 
 catura, k.) 
 FuRLONGE. Stadium. 
 FuRMENTY, potage. FrumPMti- 
 
 ciiim. 
 FuRXEYS. Furnus,fqrnax, cath. 
 
 fornaculat kylw. 
 Fur ST, or fyrst. Primus. 
 FuRST BEGOTox'. Pvimogenitus. 
 FuRSTE frute, or fruce. Primicie. 
 FuRWRE, or furrure (furre, K. 
 
 furwur, II. furi'our, or furringe, 
 p.) Penula, Dice, furratura, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 FusTYAN, clothe (orfusteyn, h.p.) 
 
 Furesticus, Dice. 
 FuTE, odowre.' Odor, vel odos, 
 
 olf actus. 
 
 Gabbar (or lyare, infra-Y' 3Ien- 
 daculus, mendacula, menda.v. 
 
 Gabyl, or gable, pykyd walle."^ 
 Murus conalis (gabyll wall, or 
 pyke wall, murustenalis, p.) 
 
 Gabbyn'. Menticulnr, mencior. 
 
 Gabbynge, or lesynge (lye, p.)"* 
 Mendacium,mendaciolum,c AT n. 
 
 forke, tearmed in Lincolnshire, a fruggin," &c. This word is still in use in the North. 
 See Brockett, v. fruggan. " A frugon, vertibulum, pala, fui'ca ferrea.^^ cath. ang. 
 
 ' The fute is the scent of a fox or beast of chace. Compare fewte,, vestigium, which 
 occurs previously. In Will, and Werwolf, when the monster returns to his dea and 
 discovers that the shepherd has carried the child away, he is sore grieved, 
 " And as J>e best in his bale her a-boute wente, 
 
 He found ^e feute al fresh where ior\> W herde 
 
 Had bore l»an barn beter it to 3eme. 
 
 Wi3tly he werwolf han went bi nose, 
 
 Evene to j^e herdes house, and hastely was J>are.'' p. 4. 
 
 See also pp. 2, 79 ; Gawayn and the Grene Kny3t, 1425; the Boke of St. Alban's, 
 and Malory's Morte d' Arthur, B. 18, c. xxi. It seems probable that the term feuterer 
 may be hence derived ; but the Glossarists have supposed it to be a corruption of 
 vanltrier, a keeper of the dog called in French " vaultre, a mongrel between a hound 
 and a maistifFe ; fit for the chase of wild bears and boars.'' cotgr. Bp. Kennett no- 
 tices the term in his Glossarial Coll. Lansd. MS. 1033 : " A feuterer, a dog-keeper ; 
 the word is corrupted from vautrier, Fr. vaultrier, Lat. veltrarius, one that leads a 
 lime-hound, or grey-hound for the chace." In a vocabulary written in the latter part of 
 the XVthcent. Harl. MS. 1002, f. 142, after " haywarde, parcare," &c. occurs " Fede- 
 rarins, a fewterer." Nares cites several passages in which this term is used. 
 
 2 Sir John Maundevile, speaking of false diamonds, says, " I schal speke a litille 
 more of the dyamandes, alle thoughe I tarye my matere for a tyme, to the ende that 
 thei that knowen hem not be not disccyved be gabberes (Fr. barratours) that gon be the 
 contree, that sellen hem.'' 
 
 3 " A gavelle of a howse, fronlispiciian.'^ catu. ang. Rob. of Glouc. uses the 
 word gable in the sense of high. See Bp. Kennett's Glossary, v. Gabulnm. 
 
 •» In Wickliffe's Confession given by Knyghton, he declared respecting the real 
 presence, that " before the fende fader of lesyngus was lowside, was never this gabbyng 
 contryvede." Decern Script, col. 2(j50. Ang. -Sa.\. jabbung, derisio, or delusion by 
 way of mockery and jesting.
 
 184 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULOUUM. 
 
 Gad, or gode (gadde or qhyp, h. 
 whyppe, p.) Gerusa, kylw. 
 scutica, c. F. 
 
 Gad, to mete wythe londe (gadde, 
 or rodde, p.) Decempeda, cath. 
 pertica, c. F. 
 
 (Gaderyd, k. Congregatus.^ 
 
 Gaderyn'. Colligo, lego. Ver- 
 sus. Fur legit es,Jlores virgo, 
 viator iter. 
 
 Gaderyn' tresowre. Thesaurizo, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Gaderynge to-gedur. Colleccio, 
 congregacio. 
 
 Gagelyn', or cryyn as gees. 
 Clingo. 
 
 Gagelynge of geese, or of gan- 
 ders. Drcmcitus (^drdcticiis, p.) 
 
 Gaggyn', or streyne be the jjrote. 
 Suffoco. 
 
 Gay% Ornatits. 
 
 Gayler, or iaylere. Gaolarius, 
 carcerarius, cath. pretor. 
 
 Galache, or galoche, vudyr 
 solynge of mannys fote (galegge, 
 or galoch, s. vndirshone, k. 
 vnderschoyinge, h.)^ Crepitum, 
 crepita, c.v .ohstringillus, cath. 
 
 1 Snnt obstringilli qui per plantas consitti sunt, et ex supcriori parte corrigid con- 
 trahuntur.^'' cath. The galache was a sort of patten fastened to the foot by cross 
 latchets, and worn by men as early as the time of Edw. III. Allusion is made to it by 
 Chaucer. 
 
 " Ne were worthy to unbocle his galoche." Squire's Tale, 10,869. 
 
 In the inventory of the effects of Hen. V. taken A.D. 1423, mention occurs of "jpeir 
 de galaf/esfaiiz d'e,s(rei/n, ivd. j" but it is not easy to understand how straw should 
 be a proper material for the purpose. See Rot. Pari. iv. 329. In Sir John Howard's 
 Household Book, A.D. 140.'>, p. 314, are named both galaches and pynsons, which 
 last are in the Promptorium explained to be socks. See Household Expenses in England. 
 This kind of shoe was occasionally an article of luxury and ostentatious display, which 
 probably suggested the allusion that occurs in the Vision of Piers Ploughman, where 
 one is described as coming eagerly, as if to be dubbed a knight, 
 
 " To geten hym gilte spores, 
 
 Or galoches y-couped.'' line 12,099. 
 
 The term "ycouped" seems to imply the extravagant fashion of the long-peaked toe : 
 " Milieus, a coppid shoo." ortus. In the reign of Edward IV. a statute was passed, by 
 which the higher classes alone were permitted to wear shoes, " galoges," or boots, with a 
 peak longer than 2 inches (Rot. Pari. v. 505, 566 ; Stat, of Realm, ii. 415) ; but, from 
 certain allusions in ancient romance, it would seem that the fashion was, by the usage of 
 a much earlier period, jiermitted to none under the degree of a knight. See Sir Degore, 
 700 ; Torrent of Portugal, 1 193, &c. The curious drawings in Cott. MS. Julius, E. iv. 
 (t. Hen. VI.), one of which, representing King John, has been given in Shaw's Dresses, 
 exhibit the galache in its most extravagant form. " Solea, a shoe called a galage or 
 paten, whiche hathe nothynge on the fete, but onely lachettcs.'' ei-yot. " Gallozza, 
 a kind of wooden patins, startops, gallages, or stilts. Cospi, wooden pattins, or pan- 
 tofles, shoes with wooden soles, startops or galages,'' etc. flouig. " (ialoc/ie, a 
 woodden shoe or patten made all of a peece, without any latchet or ty of leather, and 
 worne by the poore downe in winter.' cotg. See Spenser, She])li. Cal. Febr. and 
 Sept. In the Wardrobe Hook of Prince Henry, A.D. HiOT, are mentioned " 1 pair of 
 golossians, (is. 16 gold buckles witli pendants and toungs to buckle a pair of golosses." 
 Archaeol. xi. 93.
 
 PROMPTORIUM pARVULORUM. 
 
 185 
 
 Galawte.' Lessivus. 
 
 Galle of abeeste./'V/, 5///*, catit. 
 
 Galle of appulle, or ojjer frute 
 
 (galle, oke appyll, p.) Galla. 
 Galle, soore yn mann' or beeste. 
 
 Strumus, marisfa, c. f. 
 Galeye, schyppe. Galea. 
 Galyn, as crowys or rokys.- 
 
 Crocito, KYLW. crosco. 
 
 (GaLYNGALE, «(/CT>^ J«OC? GANYN- 
 
 GALE, infra.^ 
 Gally'd (gaily, s.) Strumosns. 
 Gally'n, or make gallyd. Strumo. 
 Gallynge. Strumositas. 
 (Galloche, supra in gal ache. 
 
 Callopediuni, p.) 
 
 Galone, mesure. Lagena, galo, 
 
 Dice. 
 Galwe trees (galowe, p.) Furce, 
 
 plur. vel furca, galofuvcium, 
 
 KYLW. 
 
 Galte (or gylte) swyne. Ne- 
 
 frendus, catii. 
 Game, pley. Ludus, jocus. 
 Gamme of songe. Gamma. 
 Ganynge, or janynge.-^ Oscita- 
 
 tUS, KYLW. 
 
 Gandyr, byrde or fowl. Ancer. 
 Ganyxgale, or galyngale, spyce.^ 
 
 Galanga. 
 Ganneker (ganokyr, s.)^ Ga- 
 
 nearia, UG. in capio, ganeo, UG. 
 
 1 This word occurs in the Harl. MS. alone, and possibly the correct reading may 
 be GALAWNTE. " Gallaunt, a man fresshe in appareyle." palsg. Ang.-Sax. gal, 
 libidinosiis. For lessivus should probably be read lascivus, i. e. " petulans, luxurians, vel 
 superbe se agetis, ioly or wanton." ortus. 
 
 2 By Chaucer the nightingale is said to "cry and gale," Court of Love, 1357 ; in 
 which sense the word may be derived from the Ang.-Sax. Jalan, canere. Jamieson 
 gives to gale, or gail, to cry with a harsh note, a term applied to the cuckoo ; and to 
 galyie, to roar or brawl. According to Forby, to yawl signifies, in Norfolk, to scream 
 harshly, as the cry of a peacock; and Moore gives yalen, to cry as a fretful child. 
 " Japper, to bark or baye like a dog, to yawle, to bawle. Ho'ualler, to yawl, wawl, to 
 cry out aloud. Moiianer, to mawle, yawle, or cry like a little child." cotg. Ang.- 
 Sax. jyllan, siellan, stridere. 
 
 3 "To gaue, fat iscere. Mare, inhiscere. To gayne, oscitare." oath. axg. "I 
 gane, or gape, I yane, ie bailie. He ganeth as he had not slepte ynoughe." p.\lsg. 
 Ang.-Sax. j;anung, oscitatio. In the gloss on G. de Bibelesworth the verb to galp 
 occurs, " far trap veiller horn bailie, galpeh." See also the Vis. of P. Ploughm. 
 8,214; Cant. Tales, 10,664, 16, 9>i4. Herman renders "he that galpeth, oscitans." 
 
 •' Among the spices used in ancient cookery, the powder of galingale is frequently 
 named, as may be seen in the Forme of Cury. It was the chief ingredient in galen- 
 tine, which, as Pegge supposes, derived thence its name. It was also employed in me- 
 dicine, as a cardiac and cephalic. In the version of Macer's Treatise on Spices, MS. 
 in the possession of Hugh W. Diamond, Esq. it is stated that " Galyngale resoluej? \>e 
 fleume of \>e stoniak; hit helpij' he deiestione ; it do)> amende he sauour and odour of he 
 mouthe if it be eten." He further attributes to it virtues of a ciirmiiiative and aphro- 
 disiac nature. It occurs among spices mentioned in the Household Roll of the Countess 
 of Leicester, A.D. 1265 ; " provj lib. Galingalium, ix.s.^' (Manners and Expenses of 
 England, p. 14.) Chaucer makes allusion to its culinary use. Cant. Tales, 38.'5. The 
 annual provision of spices for the household of the Earl of Northumberland, A.D. 
 1512, comprised " Galyngga, j quarteron." According to Parkinson, the real galingale 
 was the root of a Chinese plant, of which he gives a representation ; but it appears that 
 the root of the rush called English galingale, Cyperus lonyns, Linn, was much used in 
 place of it, both as a drug and a condiment. 
 
 * Ganeo is explained by Ducange to signify " gulosus, popinator, tabcrnio:" in 
 CAMD. SOC. 2 B
 
 186 
 
 PROMPTORIUAf PARVULORU.Nf. 
 
 Gante, byrde.' Bistarda, c. f. 
 Gap of a walle. Intervallum, 
 
 intercapedo, UG. in valeo, et 
 
 CATH. capedo, c. f. 
 Gapyn'. Ilio, oscito, UG. 
 Gapynge. Hiatus, hiacio. 
 Garbage of fowlys (or gyserne, 
 
 infra.) Entera, XECC. vel en- 
 
 teria, c. f. vel exta, necc. c. f. 
 
 profectum, ug. v. 
 GAGE,lytylle belle (lytyll bolle, s.)- 
 Gaarce. Scarificacio, necc. 
 
 sesura, c. f. inscisio, scissura. 
 
 G A a rc y D . Scarijtca ttis, inscissus. 
 Gaarcyn'.^ Scarificoi c. f. ug. v. 
 
 et KYLW. 
 
 Garcynge. Scarificacio, inscisio. 
 Gardeyne. Ortus. 
 Gardenere. Ortolanus. 
 (Gardere, infra in gartere.) 
 Garfaxgyl, or elger.-^ Anguil- 
 
 laria, anguillare. 
 G arfysche (or hornkeke, z«/*r«.)* 
 Gargulye, yn' a walle.^' Gor- 
 
 gona, c. f. gurguUo {gargtdio, 
 
 P.) 
 
 French, " ganeon ; ivrogne, debaiiche.'^ roquef. The Proclamation of the Mayor of 
 Norwich, on coming into office, set forth " tliat all Brewsters and Gannokers sella a 
 gallon ale, of the best, be measure a-selyd, for Id. ob. and a galon of the next for Id.'' 
 A.D. 1424. Blomf. ii. 100. 
 
 1 The bird now called gannet, or Solan goose, sula alba, abounds only on the Bass 
 Island, in the Firth of Forth. In the Exch. Roll of Normandy, A.D. 1180, p. 57, an 
 entry occurs " pro pasfu gantaniin que venerunt de Anglid, et pro Lv. de illis ducendis 
 ad Argeniomum, et Ix. ad Burum, vili. iijso. et ixd." Giraldus mentions the gante 
 among the birds of Ireland ; " Aucce minores albce {qucE et gantes dicuntur) et gre- 
 gatim in multitudine magna, et garruld venire solent, in hos terrarum fines rarius 
 adveniunt, et tunc valde rare.'''' Top. Hib. i. c. 18. Ang.-Sax. janot, y><//ca. 
 
 2 The reading of the Winchester MS. is probably here correct. In Norfolk a gage 
 is, according to Forby, a bowl or tub to receive the cream, as it is successively skimmed 
 off; so called, as he observes, from its use as a gauge, to show when a sufficient 
 quantity has been collected to be churned. The word does not occur in the other MSS. 
 
 3 In a treatise of the seasons, printed with Arnold's Chron. p. 172, it is recom- 
 mended that in winter " men shulde lete them bloode in ther bodys by garsinge, but 
 not on veynes, but if it be the more nede ;" meaning the operation of cupping, called in 
 the Promptorium boyston'. "To garse, scarificare." cath. ang. " C(esura, a 
 cut, a garse, an incision." elyot. 
 
 ■• Tlie term angylle, to take wythe fysche, meaning a fishing rod, has occurred 
 already, as also elyer, or elger, which appears to be an eel-spear. " Contus, an algere, 
 a shaft, a dartt, a poUoure. Fuscina, a hoke for fysshe, an algere." med. ms. 
 cant. The word garfangyl seems wholly obsolete ; possibly the first syllable may 
 be traced to Ang.-Sax. %&r,jaculum, or the implement may be a kind of spear used 
 in taking the garfysche. 
 
 '' Sir T. Brown, in his account of the fishes of the Norfolk coast, mentions the gar- 
 fish, or greenback {Enox belone, Linn.) Harrison mentions it among fish usually 
 taken; " Of the long sort are congers, eeles, garefish, and such otlier of that forme." 
 Descr. of Eng. Holinsh. Chron. i. 224. " TVompette, the needle-fish, garre-tisli, horne- 
 beake, home-fish, or piper-fish. Aiguille, a horne-backe, piper-fish, or gane-fish. 
 Esguille, a small fish called a horne-beake, snacot-fish, gane-fish. Orphie, the horne- 
 kecke, piper-fish, garre-fish." cotg. The appellation is doubtless taken from its 
 peculiar form ; Ang.-Sax. jar, ^'acM/«»«. Jamieson states that at Dundee the porpoise 
 is called gairfish. 
 
 8 Will, of Wore, uses the term gargyle ; Itin. p. 282. This appellation of tlie
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 187 
 
 Garytte, hey solere.' Specula, 
 c. F. pergamium, UG. in gamio. 
 
 Garlekke. Allium. 
 
 Garlonde. Sertnin. 
 
 Garmente. Indumentum, vesti- 
 mentum. 
 
 Garment of grete valure (or 
 robe, p.) 3Iutatorium, cath. 
 
 Garment of clothc,made of dyuers 
 clothys (colours, p.)/'aHMc««,c.F. 
 
 Garnysciie of vesselle (gaxniche, 
 K.)- Garnitum, 
 
 quaintly-fashioned water-spouts in the forms of men or monsters with yawning mouths, 
 of which medieval architecture presents so endless a variety, is taken from the French. 
 " Gargyle in a wall, gargoUle.'" palsg. See also Roquefort, v. GarguUe. Horman 
 says, " Make me a trusse standing out upon gargellys, that I may se about : podium, 
 suggestum, vel pulpitum, quod mutulis mnitatur. I wyll haue gargyllis under the 
 beamys heedis : mutulos, sivepioceres, 8fc." Elyot renders ^^frumen, the vppermoste 
 parte of the throte, the gargyll." A remarkable application of the gargoyle in archi- 
 tecture occurs on the south side of Notre Dame, at Paris ; all the piscinas of the apsidal 
 chapels surrounding the choir on that side being furnished with external gargoyles, 
 •which are fashioned like the upper parts of a lion, or dragon, and answer the purpose 
 of the ordinary interior drains, which served to allow the water used in ablutions at the 
 altar to pass into the earth. Their date is of the Xlllth cent, and nothing of a similar 
 kind has been noticed in this country. 
 
 1 In the Creed of Piers Ploughman is a curious and graphic description of a monas- 
 tery, with its numerous and stately buildings, 
 
 " With gaye garites and grete, 
 
 And iche hole y-glased." line 425. 
 
 A GARYTTE was, in the original sense of the term, a watch tower, or look-out, on the roof 
 of a house, or castle wall, called garita, in French guerite. In the version of Vegecius, 
 Roy. MS. 18 A. xii. it is said of the defence of a camp, and keeping watch by night, 
 " it is nat possible algate to haue highe garettes, or toures, or highe places for watche 
 men, therfor it nedethe to haue out watche." B. iii. c. 8. C'axton, in the Book for 
 Travellers, says " of thinges that ben vsed after the hous, — liit behoueth to the cham- 
 bres, loftes, and garettis, solliers, greniers.'''' Cotgrave explains ^a/'i7<e, or guerite, to 
 be a place of refuge from surprise, made in a rampart ; a sentry, or watch-tower ; and 
 " totirel a cul de lampe, a small out-juttyng garret, or tower like a garret, on the top of 
 a walle.'' See solere hereafter. 
 
 2 A garnish signified commonly the set or service of pewter, and likewise, in more 
 stately establishments, of more precious material. Previously to tlie introduction of 
 fictile ware of an ornamental description in the later part of the XVIth cent, the ordinary 
 service of the tables of our ancestors was on vessels of pewter, the silver plate being for 
 the most part reserved to decorate the cup-board, or buffet. Harrison, in liis descrip- 
 tion of Eng. written about 1580, s))eaking of the great skill to which English pewterers 
 had attained, says, " Such furniture of household of this mettall, as we commonlie call 
 by the name of vessell, is sold usuallie by the garnish, which dooth conteine 12 platters, 
 12 dishes, 12 saucers, and those are either of siluer fashion, or else with brode or narrow 
 brims, and bought by the pound, which is now valued at six or seuen pence, or perad- 
 uenture at eight pence. In some places beyond the sea a garnish of good flat English 
 pewter of an ordinarie making, ... is esteemed almost so pretious, as the like number 
 of vessels that are made of fine siluer, and in maner no lesse desired amongst the great 
 estates, whose workmen are nothing so skillful in that trade as ours." ll(dinsh. C'hron. 
 i. 237. In the inventory of the college of Bishop's Auckland, A.D. 14i)H, the silver 
 plate having been described, there are enumerated " xx pewder platers, xij pewdcr 
 dishes, viij salsers, j garnishe of vessell." Wills and Inv. Surt. Soc. i. 101.
 
 188 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PAUVULORUM. 
 
 Garnyschyd. Garnitus. 
 Garnyschyn' vesselle. Garnio, 
 
 garniso, j)olio. 
 Garnyschyn' pursys, and o))er 
 
 lyke. 
 Garsone, stronge place (gary- 
 
 zone, or garzone, strong holde, 
 
 H. garyson, or garson, p.) Mu- 
 
 nicipium. 
 
 c. F. 
 
 Gartere, or gardere. Suhligar, 
 
 c. V. peUiper, cath. 
 Garteryn'. Subligo (obligo, k.) 
 Garwyndylle (garwyndyl, or 
 
 5arn\vyndyl, s. garwyngyll, p.)^ 
 
 GirgiUus, CATH. 
 Gaspyn'. Exalo, hisco, c. f. 
 Gaspynge, idem quod gapynge, 
 
 Gate, or wcy. Via, iter. 
 Gate, or 3ate (yate, p.) Porta, 
 foris, fores, cath. {jamia, p.) 
 Gate downe. Descensus. 
 Gate downe, or downe gate of J)e 
 
 sunne, or any ojjcr planete.^ 
 
 Occasus. 
 Gate schadylle (gateshodel, 
 
 K.H. gate shodil.p.) Compituin, 
 
 CE.cUnium, UG. in clino. 
 Gate ,scHADYL,yn-to twey weyys. 
 
 Bivium. 
 Gate schadyl, yn-to iij weyys. 
 
 Trivium. 
 Gate schadyl, yn-to iiij weyys 
 
 (or a carphax, h. p.)"^ Quadri- 
 
 vium. 
 Gawde, or iape.-i Nuga. 
 
 ' '^ A (/yrus dicitur gyrgillus, instrumenttim femineum, quod alio ■nomine dicitur 
 volutorium, rjnia vertendo in yyrum inde fila devolvuntur. Filum de colo ducitur in 
 fusum ; a fuso in alabrum, vel traductorium ; ah alahro in gyryillmn vel devoluto- 
 riunt ; a yyrgillo in (jlomicellum.''' cath. ^^ Girgtllum, Anglice & haspe, or a payre 
 of yerne wyndle blades." ortus. "A garwyndelle, devolutoriiim, girgillns." cath. 
 ANG. " Yarne wyndell, tornette." palsg. " Tournette, a rice, or yarwingle to wind 
 yarne on. Travouil, a rice or a turning reele." cotg. See ^arxe wyndel. 
 - Palsgrave gives " At the sonne gate downe, sur le soleil caiichani.^' 
 3 " A gateschadylle, hivium, diver si clivium, compitnm.^' cath. ang. From the 
 Ang. -Sax. sceadan, se;;a?-are, is derived the obsolete verb to shed; " Uisc7'imino, to 
 shedde and departe." med. ms. cant. " To shede one's heed, parte the heares 
 euyn from the crowne to the myddes of the forehead." palsg. Chaucer says of the 
 Clerk Absolon, 
 
 " Full straight and euyn lay his jolly shode." Miller's Tale. 
 
 Hence also seems to be taken the term gate schadylle, the division of a road into 
 two or more directions. It appears to be wholly obsolete, and unnoticed by the Glos- 
 sarists. See Carfax (cartehouse, ms.) above, p. G2. 
 
 * In the Romance of the Seuyn Sages, the Emperor had given ear to the false ac- 
 cusation brought against Florentine by his step-mother ; but the truth was at length 
 made known. 
 
 " A! Dame, said the Emperowre, 
 Thou haues ben a fals gilowre, 
 For thi gaudes, and tliy gilry, 
 I gif this dome that thou sal dy." line 3957. 
 
 Mr. Weber has printed the word here gandc, to which he gives the sense of a wile 
 or mischievous design. Minot, in his j)oem on the Battle of Halidon Hill, says, 
 
 "The Scottes gaudes might nothing gain." 
 Chaucer uses the word in the signification of a trick, or joke. See Pardonere's Talc,
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 189 
 
 Gawdy grene. Subviyidis. 
 Gavel of come.' Geluma, tna- 
 
 nipulatum, c. f. manijnilare, 
 
 CATH. merges, kylw. 
 Gavelyn' conie, or o])er lyke. 
 
 Manipulo, cath. mergito, 
 
 KYLW. 
 
 Gawgyn' depnesse. Dimentior, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Gawgynge of depenesse. Dl- 
 
 mencionatus. 
 Gawl, fowayle (gavl, or gawyl, 
 
 wode or fowayl, h. p.)'-^ 3Iirtusy 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Gawncely, sauce (f)or gose 
 
 flesche (gawnsely, saunce, k. 
 
 gavcely, s. gawnly, p.)-^ Aj)- 
 
 lauda, KYLW. 
 Gawnt, or lene. Maciolentics, 
 
 {iniaeer, p.) 
 Gawnte, or swonge (or slendyr, 
 
 K.)-i Gracilis. 
 Geawnt. Gigas. 
 Geffrey, pi'opyr name. Gal- 
 
 fridus. 
 Geyne, redy, or rytlige forthe 
 
 (ryjht foiih, s.)-'' Directus. 
 Geynebyyn', or byyfi' a-jene." 
 
 Redimo. 
 Geynecowpyn', or chasjai', or 
 
 12,323, and Troil. B. ii. It implies also an ornament or toy of little value. Sher- 
 wood gives "a gaude, babiole,'' which Cotgrave renders "a trifle, whim wham, guigaw, 
 or small toy for a child to play withal.'' See Jamieson, and Nares, v. Gaud. 
 
 1 To gavel signifies in Norfolk, according to Forby, to collect mown corn into 
 heaps, in order to its being loaded. '' lavele?-, to swathe, or gavell corn; to make 
 it into sheaves, or gavels.'' cotg. Moore gives the word likewise as used in Suffolk. 
 ' The Myrica gale, Linn, sweet gale, or bog myrtle, grows in boggy places in 
 many parts of England, and before drainage had been carried to any extent in the 
 fenny Eastern counties, it was probably found in sufficient abundance to be commonly 
 used as fuel. Gerarde says that the Myrtus Brabanticus, gaule, sweet willow, or 
 Dutch myrtle, grows plentifully in sundry places, as in the Isle of Ely, and the fenny 
 places thereabouts; "whereof there is such store in that countrey, that they make 
 fagots of it, and sheaues, which they call Gaule sheaues, to burn and heat their 
 ovens." He mentions also that it was used to give an intoxicating quality to beer or 
 ale, as it is still employed in Sweden. 
 
 3 " Gaunselle, applauda." oath. ang. The composition of this sauce is thus given 
 in Arund. MS. 344 ; printed in Household Ordin. 441 ; and Warner's Cookery, 65. 
 " Gaunsell for gese. Take floure, and tempur hit with gode cowe mylke, and make hit 
 thynne, and colour hit with saffron ; and take garlek, and stamp hit, and do therto, and 
 boyle hit, and sew hit forthe." Caston says, in the Book for Travellers, " Nycholas 
 the mustard maker hath good vynegre, good gauselyn, gausa'illiede.'''' The term is evi- 
 dently derived from '' yansse d'aif, a clove of garlick." cotg. The Ortus explains 
 '^ applauda vel appluda, dicitur sorbiliuncula ex paleis facta, (a gaunselle," med.) 
 This Latin word properly means chaff of corn, or husks, but here is taken in reference 
 to the gausses, or husk-like covering of the garlic. 
 
 "* Ray mentions gant, slim or slender, among South and East country words. Forby 
 gives ganty-gutted, lean and lanky ; and Moore says that gant signifies scanty in Suffolk. 
 Ang. -Sax. j;ewant, part, of the verb j;ewanian, tabescerc. See swonge hereafter. 
 
 5 In the Eastern counties gain signifies handy, convenient or desirable, and in the 
 North near, as " the gainest road,'' which seems most nearly to resemble the sense 
 here given to the word. See Brockett, Jamieson, and Ilartshorne's Glossary. 
 
 6 In the later Wicliffitc version Exod. vi. (i is thus rendered ; " y am I'e lord hat
 
 J 90 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PAHVULORUM. 
 
 stoppyn' in pafe (gcynstoppyn 
 
 of pate, K. II. goynj covvpyii, 
 
 or charyn, s.)' Sisto, CA rir. 
 Gklokhk of" bcostys. Castrator. 
 Geldyn'. Castro, testiculo, catii. 
 
 emascido, catii. 
 Gei-dyncje of beostys, or fowlys. 
 
 Cdstracio. 
 Gkldynge, or peldc horse (pelt 
 
 horse, k.p.) Canterins, catii. 
 
 Cdnterinus, uo. in cava, et c. v. 
 
 vel equus castratus. 
 Jlic Cdute (lUcndat Irclor varifi- 
 
 (dones soni hujus litcre (i. cum 
 
 videlicet E. vel I. sequitur im- 
 
 mediata. 
 Gem.f,, or f?clly. Cielidum, c. v. 
 
 (congelidurn, i'.) 
 Gellyn, or conf^ellyn' (to-godyr, 
 
 K.) Gchd, cimgchtl. 
 Geli>yi) (or coiigellyd, k.) Con- 
 
 gellatns. 
 Gelows, or gehice. Zclofipus, 
 
 CATII. 
 
 (lELUSYE (gelowsye, K.) Zelo- 
 
 tijna, CATir. 
 (lEj/r. Castratus. 
 (lELT MANN. Spado, cunuchus. 
 ( i EM ET H Y E. (I'eo/ii elrid. 
 Gencyane, or bahhiiony. Gen- 
 
 ciatia. 
 (jenuyr. Genus. 
 Gendryn*. Geneva, gigno. 
 
 (CiENERal, k.s. p.) Gen(ev)alis. 
 
 (lENTYi,. Gcnerosus. 
 
 (ikniyl, of awncctrye (of an- 
 
 sware, .s.)'-' Ingenuns, c. v. 
 (jENTYL,andcurteyse.6'«//iw,cATii. 
 
 ( ir HYT YLM ANN. GeneVDSUS. 
 
 (iKNTii.woMAN. Generosa. 
 (lENTYL, be fadyr and modyr. 
 
 Ingenuus, U(;. v. in N. 
 Gentry. Genevositas. 
 (ir'-NTKY, of nortnre and maners 
 
 (goiilibios, K. gentyll, p.) Co- 
 
 tultas. 
 Gentry, of awncetrye (gentilnes, 
 
 K. gentry of awncctrye, p.) In- 
 
 genuitas. 
 (ierfaucun (gcrfawkyn, K. p.) 
 
 I/(!) odius. 
 Germawnder, herbc. German- 
 
 dra. 
 (JEKMYYNE, pro])yr name. Ger- 
 
 inanns. 
 (xEiiNERE, liowscof cornckepyngc. 
 
 Granavium. 
 CJektiie, liors gyrdylle (liors 
 
 gyrdyng, ii.p.) Cingnla, CAT n. 
 
 cingulus est hominurn, UG. 
 (i ESS A RE (or a sojjosare, k.) /iV 
 
 tiniatov. 
 Gessyn', or aniyn. nstimo, ar- 
 
 hitror, opinor. 
 Gkssynge (or vvenyn, k.) Esti- 
 
 macio. 
 
 sclinl lede out 50U of l>c prisoun of Egipcians, and y sclial dclyucro fro scrunge, and y 
 Bchal ii-jcn bie in an hij arm ; '' in tlic earlier, " forhigge in an ()ucrj)assynge arnu; ; " 
 " ri'dimam in /jrac/iio e.icelno.^' Viilg. In tlio Golden Legend it is Kaid, " We liavc 
 grete nede of a doctour, or leelun-, of aycnijyer, of a delyuerer," ^c. Compare a-gayn- 
 iivi'.ii, or a raumHoniere, and iivvn' a-jen'. 
 
 ' (Jompare ciiAiiYN, or geyneeowpyn'. Kay gives among Soiitli and Kast country 
 words, " to gaineope, to go cross a field tlu^ nearest way to meet with sometiiing." lu 
 tlir I'romptoriuni it signifies opjxjsition, in both instances from Ang.-Sox. Sean, ohviam, 
 udrcrxtm, and cca])ian, vcijoliari. 
 
 2 Gi'-NiyL, or awncctrye, ms. of auncctry, k. r. So also, gentry, or awncctrye, MS.
 
 PROMPTORTUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 101 
 
 Nota in hoc capitido muJtipIicem 
 sonum, et soni mutacionem 
 hujus liter e G. et ideo bene 
 caveas quod sonat per 1. literam. 
 
 Gest, strawngere. Hospes. 
 
 Geeste, or romawnce. Gestio 
 (gestllS, CATII. p.) 
 
 Gestyn' yn romawnce.^ Gestio, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Gestynge, or romawncynge. Ges- 
 tic u la tus, rytkmicatus. 
 
 Gestowre. Gesticidator. 
 
 Get, or gyn' (gett, or gyle, k. 
 gette, or gyty, s.) 3Iachina. 
 
 Get, or manor of custome.- Mo- 
 dus, consuetudo. 
 
 Geete, or blake bcdys (gett for 
 bedys, K. s. p.)-'* Gagates, pJur. 
 
 1 It would hence appear that the recital of gests, the deeds of conflict or gallantry, 
 which was the proper business of the gestour, was accompanied by appropriate action, 
 or gesticulation. " Gestire, i. gestus facere, scilicet diversis modis agifare, gaudere, 
 luxuriari, S(c.'" oath. Hearne stated erroneously that gests were opposed to romance, 
 Chron. Langt. pref. p. 37 ; a mistake which Warton has properly corrected. Chaucer 
 uses " to geste," to relate gests; and "to tell in geste ;" Cant. T. 17,354, 13,861; 
 and these passages apparently imply that gests were chiefly written in alliterative 
 verse. He calls the Gesta Romanoritm, "the Remain gestes." See Tyrwhitt's notes 
 on Cant. T. 17,354, 13,775, and Warton's Eng. Poetry. "Gest, a tale. Gestyng, 
 bourde, bourde.^' palsg. 
 
 - Palsgrave gives "gette, a custome; newe iette, guise nouvelle.^^ This phrase 
 occurs often in the old writers. In a poem on the dissolute lives of the clergy, in the 
 reign of Edw. II. Polit. Songs, ed. Wright, p. 329, some, it is said, 
 
 " Adihteth him a gay wenche of the newe jet." line 118. 
 " Yit a poynte of the new gett to telle wille I not blyn, 
 
 Of prankyd gownes, and shulders up set, mos and flokkes sewyd wyth in.'' 
 
 Towneley Myst. 312. 
 Chaucer says the gay pardoner thought he rode " al of the newe get," or fashion; 
 and he also uses the word in the sense of crafty contrivance, where he relates the deceit 
 practised by the Alchemist, by means of a stick filled with silver filings. 
 " And with his stikke above the crosselet, 
 That was ordained with that false get, 
 
 He stirreth the coles." Chan. Yem. T. 16,745. 
 
 ' It appears that in former times great virtues were attributed to jet. Alex. Nec- 
 cham, Abbot of Cirencester, who died A.D. 1'217, says in his work De Rerum Naturii, 
 "Gagates ... aqud ardet, oleo restinguitur : aitritu calefactus applicata deiinet, 
 atgue siiccinurn ; ydropicis ilium portantibus beueficium presfat.'^ lib. ii. c. 97, Roy. 
 MS. 12 G. XI. f. 53. The observation of the electric properties of this mineral led 
 him in the succeeding chapter to make some detailed remarks " de vi atlractivd," 
 among which will be found a notice of the use of the magnet by mariners. In Trevisa's 
 version of Barth. de propr. rerum, are the following observations : " Gette hyght 
 gagates, and is a boystous stone, and neuer the less it is precious." It is best and most 
 abundant in Britain, of two kinds, yellow and black, both of which have by friction the 
 power of attracting light substances. It drives away adders, relieves fantasies, and has 
 virtues against the visits of fiends by night. " And so if so boj'stus a stone dothe so 
 greate wonders, none shuld be dispisid for foule colour without, while the vertu that is 
 hid within is vnknowe." lib. xvi. c. 49. It was also regarded as a test of virginity, and 
 rendering signal aid in parturition ; these, and other properties, are noticed in Caxton's 
 " Boke callid Caton," sign, e, viij. Even in the XVIth cent, it was valued for certain 
 medicinal qualities ; for Dr. Turner, Dean of Wells, says in his Herbal, 156'.', " Miscel
 
 192 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM, 
 
 Getare of goodys. Adqui- 
 
 sitor. 
 Gettare.^ Gestulator, gestu- 
 
 osus (gesticulatoi', k. h. p.) 
 Getee of a solere (gete, k. h. p.)- 
 
 Techa, procer, c. F. ineniana, 
 
 c. F. vel menianum, catii. (hec- 
 
 theca, K. theca, cath. p.) 
 Getyn', oi* haue be prayere. Im- 
 
 petro. 
 Getyn' 01" wynnyn'. Lucror, ob- 
 
 tineo, c. F. vel optineo, c. f. 
 
 (Getyn, or begetyn, k. p.Genero.) 
 Gettyn'.^ Vei^no, lassivo, ges- 
 
 ticulo, c. F. gestio, cath. c. f. 
 
 gesticulor, UG. v. 
 Getynge, or hauynge by wyn- 
 
 nynge. Lucrum, adquisicio. 
 Gettyngeui iolyte. Gestus, cath. 
 Gettyngly. Gestuose, cath. 
 (Giawnt, supra in geaunt, k.) 
 Gybbe, horse.'^ Mandicus, kylw. 
 
 et c. F. mandimim, ug. in 
 
 rnando (^manducus, s.) 
 
 burde lyme melteth a swelled milt, if it be sodden, and layd to wyth a gete stone, or the 
 Asiane stone." Beads, used for the repetition of prayers, were frequently formed of 
 this material ; thus among the gifts of Philip le Hardi to his daughter, on her marriage 
 with the King of Bohemia, AD. 1393, occurs, " Item, j paternostres de perles et de 
 jayet, ou il y a xxxvj grosses perles, et ix enseignaulx d'or." Hist, de Bourg. iii. 
 Alianor Duchess of Gloucester bequeaths, A.D. 1399, *' un pare de paternostres d'ore, 
 cont' XXX aviez, et iiij gaudes de get, qe fuerent cc mon seignour et mari." Royal 
 Wills. See also Testam. Ebor. i. 381. There is evidence that by some persons such 
 beads were superstitiously regarded as gifted with extraordinary virtue ; and to this 
 belief Bp. Bale a))pears to make allusion, Kynge Johan, p. 39. 
 
 " Holy water and bredde shall dryve awaye the devyll; 
 Blessynges with blacke bedes wyll helpe in every evyll." 
 
 * Palsgrave gives " Gettar, a braggar, fringuereau. lettar, a facer, yhcer, braggart. 
 lettar of nyght season, brigveur ;'''' and Cotgrave, " Fringuereati, a. letter, spruce 
 minion, gay fellow, compt youth.'' Com])are hereafter schakere, or gettare : lascivus. 
 
 2 This term denotes the singular projection of the solars or upper stories in old tim- 
 bered houses, of which most picturesque specimens are still seen at Chester, and other 
 towns. " Proceres dicuntur capita irabium que eminent extra parietes. Hecteca 
 dicitur solarium dependcns parietibus ce7iacuH.'' ortus. The Catholicon explains 
 menianum to be the same as solarium, so named from INIenianus, who made in the 
 Forum certain convenient places for beholding jiublic spectacles. " Meniana, buildings 
 outward in prospectes and galeries, especially when they be so builded that the edifice 
 iutteth out in length from the piller or other part of the house, wlierin the building 
 especially resteth ; buildings of pleasure hanging and iutting out." cooper. Horman 
 says that " buyldynge chargydde with iotycs (mamiana a'dificia) is parellous whan it is 
 very olde." In Macbeth, act I. sc. vi. Shakespeare makes use of the term "jutty" 
 in this sense, where Bancjuo commends the position of Macbeth's castle. Florio, in his 
 Ital. Diet. I.'jDB, gives " Barbacane, an outnooke, or corner standing out of a house, 
 a jettie. Sporto, a porch, bay-window, or out-butting, or jettie of a house, that jetties 
 out farther than anie other part of the house." Cotgrave renders " surpcndue, a iettie, 
 an outiutting roome. Soupendue, soupente, a pent-house, iuttie, or part of a building 
 that iuttieth or leaneth ouer the rest." Steevens cites an agreement made by P. Hens- 
 lowe for building a theatre in 1599, with " a juttey forwards in eyther of the two upper 
 stories." 
 
 3 See Ieitvn, hereafter. 
 
 •4 Festus and Papias state that certain monstrous images that were exhibited in the 
 games of the circus, or on the stage, were termed by the Romans, manduci. Cooper
 
 PROMPTORIUM PAnVULORU^^. 
 
 193 
 
 (Gybbe, infra in knobbe yn a 
 
 beestys backe or breste.)' 
 Gybelet, idem quod garbage. 
 Gybelet of fowlys. Profectum, 
 
 UG. V. 
 
 Gybet. PatihuJum, cuhifm'cium. 
 Gybonn, or Gylberdo, propyr 
 
 name (Gybbon', or Gylbert, s.) 
 
 Gilhertus. 
 Gyde, or ledare. Ductor, duc- 
 
 trix. 
 Gybelot (gyglot, s.)- Ridajc. 
 
 Gyylde, or newe ale (gile, k. 
 
 gyyl, H. gyle of nw ale, s. gyle, 
 
 p.)'' Celium, vel celia, c. f. 
 Gyylde. Gilda, fraternitas. 
 Gylde HALLE, dome howse. 
 
 Pretorium, catii. 
 Gyldyn' wythe golde. Deauro. 
 Gyldynge wythe golde. Deau- 
 
 racio. 
 Gyyn', or ledyn'. Duco, 
 Gyyn', or wyssyn' (dressyn, s. 
 
 wysshen, p.)-* Dirigo. 
 
 gives " Manduces, images carried in pageantes with gi-eat cheelces, wide mouthes, ar.d 
 making a great noyse with their iawes." The Ortus renders " Mandicus, a gaye 
 horse," and Forby gives the following explanation of the term; " Jibby-horse, a 
 showman's horse decorated with particoloured trappings, plumes, streamers, &c. It 
 is sometimes transferred to a human subject." In the MS. the word mandicum is 
 placed under gybelet ; but its proper place is here. See Uguc. Vocab. Arund. MS. 
 508, f. 141, b. 
 
 1 This word seems to be taken from the Lat. gibbus. " Gibbe, a bunch or swelling, 
 a hulch, anything that stands poking out." cotg. 
 
 - Compare gygelo(t) in the next page. The words are retained as found in the MS. 
 and the reading seems here to be an error, which is corrected by the Winch. MS. 
 
 3 Forby gives " gyle, wort. Ang.-Sax. Sylla, stridere, or Teut. ghijl, cremor cere- 
 visii." Ray has gail or guile-fat, among N. Country words, and it is given also by 
 Brockett and Jamieson. " A gilefdtte, acromellariurn." cath. ang. In 1341, Thos. 
 Harpham, of York, bequeaths " unatn cvnam, qua vacatur maske-fat, et ij parras 
 mmas quae vocantur gyle-fatts." Testam. Ebor. ii. 2. The term occurs repeatedly in 
 the Wills and Invent, printed by the Surtees Soc. ; and in the Invent, of Jane Hall, 
 Durham, 1567, a distinction is apparent between the " gile-howse," and the brew- 
 house, the former being perhaps the chamber where the wort was set to cool. See 
 vol. i. 279. In the accounts of the building of Little Saxham Hall, 1507, it is called the 
 " yele house." Rokewode's Suff. 14G. See Invent, of Sir John Fastolfe's effects, 1459, 
 Archseol. xxi. 277 ; Unton Invent, pp. 3, 13 ; and Hartshorne's Shropshire Gloss, v. lUfit. 
 
 J In medieval Latin giiiare signifies to lead or conduct in safety, to instruct, " quasi 
 viare,^' according to Ducange. In the Ward. Book of 28 Edw. I. there is a payment 
 '^ provadiis unius Lodmanni conducti pro navi guiandd inter Kircudbrith et Karla- 
 veroi." p. 273. Roquefort gives ^'griier: mencr, guider, conduire u la guerre, gou- 
 rerner," &c. Chaucer uses the verb to gie, Cant. T. 15,604, 15,627. Gower says of 
 the education of Alexander by Aristotle, 
 
 " But yet he set an examplayre, 
 His body so to guye and rule. 
 That he ne passe mot the rule." Conf. Am. lib. vii. 
 
 See also the Vis. of P. Ploughm. 1257. R. Brunne uses both the verb, and the noun 
 " gyour," a leader ; and in the Romance of K. Alis. 6023, " divers gyours, and sump- 
 teris " are mentioned as attending on his Eastern expedition. " Comniino, to Icde, or 
 to gye." MED. Palsgrave gives the verb, " I gye, or gyde, Lydgate." 
 
 CAMD. SOC. 2 C
 
 194 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Gyyn', or rewlyii'. Rego. 
 Gyle, or deceytc. Fraus, decepcio. 
 Gylle, fowle clothe (fulclothe, 
 
 H.p.)' 3/elota,vel melotes, CATH. 
 Gylle, lytylle pot. Gil/a, vel 
 
 gillus, vel gifhingulus. Hec ha- 
 
 hentur in vitis patrum. 
 Gylle of a fysche. Brancliia, 
 
 senecin, catii. 
 Gyllyn', or gylle fysche. Ex- 
 
 entero, c. f. et ug. in stateo. 
 Gyllynge of fysche. Exente- 
 
 racio. 
 Gygelo(t), wenche (gygclot, 
 
 wyiich, s.)"-^ Agagula. 
 Gyllofre, herbe. Gariophilus 
 
 (galiofolus, s.) 
 
 (Gyllofyr, clowe, k. p. Garie- 
 
 ph,olus\) 
 GYLTEwythe golde. Deauratus. 
 Gylte, swyiie, idem quod galte, 
 
 supra? 
 Gylte, or trespace (gylt, or de- 
 
 faute, p.) Culpa, reatus. 
 Gylty (or defawty, k. fauty, p.) 
 
 Reus, conscius, culpandus (cul- 
 
 pabilis, p.) 
 Gyltles. Immunis, inculpan- 
 
 dus (^incufpabilis, p.) 
 Gymelot. Penetral, ug. v. pe- 
 
 netrale, catii. 
 Gymowe of a sperynge (gjTnmcw, 
 
 K. gymcw, s. H.)-* Veri{i)nella, 
 
 gemella. 
 
 ' Tlie explanation of the word Melotes given in tlie Catliolicon will be found in the 
 note on the word barnyskyn, which seems to signify a coarse apron. 
 
 2 Forby derives the East-Anglian appellation gig, a trifling, flighty fellow, from 
 Ang.-Sax. S^Kas, nuyE. In the North giglet still signifies a laughing girl ; the word 
 occurs in " the Northern Mother's blessing," in admonition to her daughter, 
 
 " Go not to the wrastling, ne shoting the cock, 
 As it were a strumpet or a giglot." 
 
 "Quomagisjelosamv/icrmai/ishcxin-iosa, y'^ fayrare woman y^ more gyglott." De 
 Reg. Gramm. Sloane MS. 1210, f. l.>4. See Junius, v. Giglet. Compare gvbelot 
 above, a word occurring in tlie Harl. MS. alone, and probably an erroneous reading. 
 
 3 " A gilte, «<eW«." catii. ang. A gilt, or gaut, signifies in the North a female 
 pig that has been spayed ; see Grose, Brockett, and Jamieson. Bp. Kennett, in his 
 Glossarial coll. gives " gaits and gilts, boar-])igs and sow-pigs, Bor. from old Dan. 
 gaMtk, pot'cvs. Sax. jilte, AJ<j7/rt." See York^-h. Dial. p. 39. Any female swine is 
 called a gilt in Staff. Lansd. MS. 1033. See Ilartshorne's Shropshire Glossary. 
 
 * This word is still iised in Norfolk, jirecisely in the sense that it has here. Forby 
 gives " Gimmers, small hinges, as those of a box or cabinet, or even of the parlour 
 door." A sperynge here denotes tliat by which a place is closed up, as a door or 
 window, the lid of a chest, &c. The derivation of the word is doubtless from the 
 French, gimeaujc, twins ; and the term applies properly not only to a hinge, composed 
 of two |)ortions, of exactly similar form and size, jointed together, but to anything else 
 which is formed of twin-pieces of like dimension, united in any manner, either as a 
 hinge or odiervvi.se. In the version of Vegecius attributed to Trevisa, an exjiedient is 
 described, to be used in a besieged fortress, against the battering ram : " Somm hathe 
 an iren, made as it were a peire tonges, i-iemewde as tonges in the myddes," by which 
 the head of the ram is seized, and turned aside. B. iv. c. 23. Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. 
 Among the disbursements for building Little Saxham Hall, A.D. l.'iOT, under smith's 
 work are mentioned " iij pair of jemews for almerys," or cupboards, as many for portal 
 doors, and a pair for the buttery windows. Rokewode's History of Suft". pp. 14(j, 149. 
 Ray, among N. country words, gives " Jimmers, jointed hinges, in otiier parts called 
 wing-hinges; " and the term occurs in the Craven dialect, with the observation, that
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORIJM. 
 
 195 
 
 (Gyn'j idem quod get, svpra.y 
 Gyngelyn' in sowndynge. lie- 
 
 sono. Dice. 
 Gyngelynge of gay barneys, or 
 
 ojjer thyngys. Resonancia. 
 Gyxgere. Zinziher, cath. 
 Gypcyere (gypsere, K. gypcer, 
 
 H. p.)2 Cassidlle. 
 Gyrdylle. Zona, cingulum, 
 
 CATH. succentorium. 
 
 Gyrdyn'. Cingo,succmgo, cath. 
 uhisic hahetur; accingimur hel- 
 laturi, precinginiur itnri, et 
 succingiinicr ministruturi. 
 
 Gyrdynge. Succinctio. 
 
 Gyse. Forma, modus. 
 
 GYSERXE(of fowlos, P-) idem quod 
 
 GARBAGE, SUpva. 
 
 Gyserne, wepene (wepone, k. 
 vepne, H.)-^ Gesa, cath. 
 
 " being often formed like the letter H, they are called H, jiramers." In the Ortus the 
 term denotes a pair of forceps, " Vertinella est forceps medici, a sclyce, or a gemowe ; " 
 and it frequently occurs as the name of a kind of ring formed of two interlinked portions, 
 •which could be united into one connected ring, and frefjuently used as a token of be- 
 trothal. See Nares, Brand's Popular Ant. and Archseol. xiv. 7. Palsgrave has " Gymewe 
 of a gyrdell, crochet d'une trousmre. Gymell song, jumeau ; " and Higgins, in his edi- 
 tion of Huloet's Diet, gives " Giraow (or gemoll) a little rynge to wcare cm the fynger. 
 Gimmow (or gemoll) or rynge to hange at one's eare, as the Egyjjtians have, Stti/off- 
 nium, inauris. Gimmo'^' oi di dioor, Vertibulum, cardo ; le r/ond d'un htiis." "■ Quin- 
 quaillerie, all kinds of small yron worke, as padlockes, snuffers, gimmers, or hindges 
 for doors, &c. Alliances, gimmoules, or gimmoule rings. Souvenance, a ring with 
 many hoops, whereof a man lets one hang down, when he would be put in mind of a 
 thing. Verge, a plain hoope, or gimmall, ring. Membre d'esperon, the gimmew or 
 ioynt of aspurre." cotg. " Gemmew ring, *o?'re?i«?i!ce." sherw. " Annulus purus, 
 an hoope ring, a gimmall, a plaine ring without a stone." Junius's Nomenclator, by 
 Fleming. 
 
 1 A gin signifies, according to the old writers, a cunning or deceitful device, and 
 thence an ingeniously constructed machine of any kind. Chaucer uses the word in 
 both senses ; thus the crafty trick of the Alchemist, which is termed " a false get," as 
 has been observed in the note on the wurd get, is called also " a false gin." In the 
 Squire's T. it is related that the magical steed of brass would bear its rider at pleasure, 
 
 " And turne again with writhing of a pin ; 
 He that it wrought, he coude many a gin." 
 
 In the Golden Legend, the wiles of Satan are termed " gynnes of templacyon." Life of 
 St. Bernard. In the Romance of Coer de Lion warlike machines are termed gins ; as 
 they are continually in Trevisa's version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. " Troclea, 
 the gyn, whyche is called a crane." f.lyot. See Hartshorne's Shropshire Glossary. 
 *' Ejcostra, a vice or gin of wood, wherewith such things as are done within, out of 
 sight, are shewed to the beholders, by the turning about of wheeles." Junius's No- 
 menclator, by Fleming. 
 
 2 This word is a corruption of the French " Gibbeciere, a pouch, bag, poake, budget," 
 COTG. properly such as was used in hawking, &c. but commonly worn by the merchant, 
 or with any secular attire. Chaucer says of the Frankelein, or country gentleman, 
 
 " An anelace and gipsere all of silke 
 
 Hing at his girdle, white as morow milke." 
 
 In the Invent, of valuables, the property of Henry V. A.D. 1423, is enumerated "j 
 yipcer de noier velvet, ijarn'iz d'ur, pris, 66s. 8rf." Rot. Pari. iv. '215. 
 
 3 "A gesarne, ffesa." cath. ang. " Ccsa, gysserne." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII.
 
 196 PROMPTORIUM PAKVULORUM. 
 
 Gyyste, balke.' Trabes, trahe- 
 
 Cula, COMM. 
 
 Gyterne.- Samha, citoUa, Dice. 
 quinterna. 
 
 Gesa is, according to the Catholicon, "genus armornm quod Gallice dicitur gisarma, 
 a gero, vel cesa, a ccedendo : et sunt gese vel cese Gallonim, pila Romanorum.'''' In the 
 curious Dictionary of John de Garlandia, printed in the Collection of documents re- 
 lating to French history, Paris, 1837, there is an enumeration of weapons and engines 
 of war, used at the siege of Toulouse, in 1218: the writer says that he saw ^^ secures, 
 bipennes, cai/iagesa Gallicorum, cafheias et pugioiies, cum dolonihus, avflancias Anglic 
 eorum (anelacias, al. ms.) pi/a Romanorum, ifc." The MS. at Rouen gives the fol- 
 lowing reading, ^' secures Dachas, jfisa Gallicortcm.^' But, although the gisarme seems 
 in these passages to be appropriated as a Gaulish weapon, Wace, in the Roman de 
 Rou, written about 1160, repeatedly describes the English in Harold's army as 
 armed with sharp gisarmes and hatchets, whereas their opponents fought with long 
 lances and swords. See lin. l'i,908, 12,928, 13,437. It may be observed, however, 
 that on the Bayeux tapestry the Saxons are represented as combating with the heavy 
 axe, but no weapon appears which resembles the gisarme. In the Royal mandate, 3G 
 Hen. III. 1252, printed by Wats at the end of his edition of M. Paris, the sheriffs are 
 commanded to assemble all persons from the age of 15 to 60, and cause them '^jurare 
 ad arma," according to the amount of their lands and chattels ; those who were rated 
 under 40 shillings land, or from 40 shillings to 10 marks chattels, " jurat i sunt ad falces, 
 gisarmas, cultellos et alia arma minuta." From this document, and the stat. Wint. 
 13 Edw. I. c. 6, 1285, it is apparent that the gisarme was one of the weapons in ordi- 
 nary use among the inferior ranks of the English army. See Stat, of Realm, i. 97. A 
 curious description of the conflict of the King of Niniveh, armed with " gysarme and 
 sweord bothe," occurs in the Romance of Kyng Ahs. line 2302. See also Havelok, 
 2553 ; Ritson's Metr. Rom. ; Chaucer, R. of Rose, 5978. The gisarme was used la 
 England as late as the battle of Flodden, 1513 ; it was of two kinds, according to Sir 
 S. Meyrick, namely, the glaive gisarme, and the bill gisarme ; the distinctive mark of 
 the weapon being a spike rising at the back, as may be seen in Grose's Armour, pi. 28, 
 and Skelton's Illustr. of the Armoury at Goodrich Court, ii. pi. 84, 85. 
 
 ' This seems to be the same word which is now written joist, derived from the 
 French giste, and denoting a beam, so called from gisir, to rest, to lie along. " Gyst 
 that gothe over the florthe, solive, giste." pai.sg. " Trabes, a traho, quia de und 
 jiarte parietis ad aliam traliitur, a heme, or balke of a house.'' oktus. 
 
 - The gyterne, getron, or cittern, Fr. giiiteme, was a stringed instrument, which 
 seems, from the repeated mention that is made of it by Chaucei', to have been much in 
 favour, probably as an accompaniment to the voice. In the I^at. Eng. vocabulary, Roy. 
 MS. 17 C. XVII. are given ^' giga, getyrne : gigator, getyrner." f. 43, b. Amongst 
 the curious representations of musical instruments in Sloane MS. 3983, t. Edw. II. 
 f. 13, the harp is called ^' giga vel lira,'''' but the same is named ^'■arpes,'" f. 4, b. ; 
 with the former there is seen an instrument with five strings, and the head recurved, 
 which perhaps exhibits tlie form of the gyterne at that early period. In default of any 
 positive information on the obscure subject of the early history of music, it may be 
 stated, conjecturally, that the gyterne is the instrument which was held in an horizontal 
 position, and played either by hand or with a plectrum, as may be seen in almost every 
 representation of the angelic choir, whether in sculjjture, painted glass, or illuminated 
 MSS. The minstrels' gallery on the N. side of the nave, at Exeter Cath., sculptured 
 in the reign of Edw. III. may be noticed as a remarkable instance. In Hawkins' Hist, 
 of Music, iv. 113, a figure is given of the cittern, from Mersennus, Harmonic Univer- 
 »elle, IG3(i, which represents an instrument with six strings, differing from the Spanish 
 guitar in the pear-shaped form of the belly. It was little esteemed, and chiefly used iji
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 197 
 
 Gytone.1 Conscisormm, kylw. 
 
 Gyvys, or foterys of presone 
 (fettirs of prison, p.) Compes. 
 
 Glacyn, or make a ]'y(n)ge to 
 shyiie.- Pernitido, polio. 
 
 Glacynge, or scowrynge of bar- 
 neys. Pernitidacio, perluci- 
 dacio. 
 
 (Glasixge in scornynge, ii. p. 
 Intulacio.) 
 
 Glacynge, or wronge glydynge 
 of boltys or arowys (glansyng, 
 s. glaunsinge of shetinge, p.) 
 Devolatus. 
 
 Glad, ormery. Jocundus,letus, 
 
 hillaris. 
 Glad, and gretely mery. Jo- 
 
 cosus, gaudiosus. 
 Gladyn', or cheryn'. Hillaro, 
 
 ejchillaro, letijico. 
 Gladly, or ble]>ely.-^ Lihe7iter, 
 
 hillariter, letanter (yoluntarie, 
 
 Gladly, or ioyfully. Gaudiose, 
 
 gaudenter. 
 Gladnesse. Jocunditas, hilla- 
 
 ritas, leticia. 
 Gladone, herbe."* Gladiolus, 
 
 places of lewd resort, or barbers' shops. See Nares, v. Cittern. Elyot renders "fidi- 
 cula, a rebecke, or a gytterne ; '' and Fleming, in his version of Junius, gives " lyricus, 
 lyricen, fidicen lyrce, a player vpou the lute or cyterne." " A gitteme, c'mtre, qniteme, 
 giteriie, guiterre. A small gitterne, mandoi-e.''' sherw. 
 
 ' A GYTONE, or guidon, is the name of a sort of banner, or streamer, called in Latin 
 guido, which Ducange derives from guida, a guide. Guidon has been supposed to be a 
 corruption oi guide-homme ; and is written " guydhome '' in Harl. MS. 2258, where it 
 is stated that its length was to be 2^ or 3 yards : " euery standard ^nd guydhome to 
 have in the chief the crosse of St. George, to be slitte at the ende, and to conteyne 
 the creste or supporter, with the posey, worde, and device of the owner." From Harl. 
 MS. 838, it appears that every baronet or superior estate should display a banner, if he 
 were chief captain ; every knight a pennon, and " euery squier or gentleman his getoun 
 or standard." It is also directed that both the last should be slit at the extremity, 
 whence probably the getoun was called conscisorium, as given above. In the contempo- 
 rary poem descriptive of the siege of Rouen, A.D. 1415, it is said, 
 
 " There was many a getoun gay, 
 With mychiUe and great array.' 
 
 line 1214. 
 
 See Sir Fred. Madden's note on this line, Archseol. xxii. 396 ; and Retrosp. Rev. i. 51 1, 
 N.S. It appears that a gytone was not only carried in the field, but attached to the 
 mast of a ship ; thus, in a bill of expenses for the Earl of Warwick, A.D. 1437, is a 
 charge, " Item, a gyton for the shippe, of viij yardis longe, poudrid full of raggid 
 staves, for the lymmyng and workmanship ij *.'' Dugd. Warw. In the Will of John, 
 Baron de Graystok, A.D. 143(}, is this bequest: " lego pro mortuario meo optimum 
 equum cum totd armaturd men, cotearmour, penon, et gyton', &c.'\Wills and Inv. i. 85, 
 Surtees Soc. Palsgrave gives " Guyderne, a baner in a felde, guidon: Gyderne, 
 guidon:^' and Cotgrave has " guido7i, a standard, ensigne, or banner, under which a 
 troop of men of arms do serve ; also he that bears it." 
 
 - This word seems to have implied not only to furbish arms, or armour, but, by 
 means of some kind of varnish, to preserve the polish from rust. Sir John Paston 
 gives the following direction ; " As for my byll that is gylt, I wolde it were taken head 
 to ; there is von in the town can glaser weel I nowe, and ellys late it be weel oylyd.'* 
 Palsgrave gives the verb " I glase a knyfc to make it bright ; ie/ouibis.^' 
 
 3 Bleyely, MS. 
 
 4 " Gladyne, gladioltis, quedmn /icrOa." c.vth. ang. The name gladwyn now de-
 
 198 
 
 PROMPrORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 c. F. accorus, accolus, c. f. iris, 
 
 C. F. 
 
 Glads UNESSE, idem quod glad- 
 
 NESSE (gladsunncsse, ii.) 
 Glarvn', or bryghtly shynyn' 
 
 (bryt shynyn, K.) liiitllo (^elu- 
 
 cido, elumino, P.) 
 Glasse. Vitrum. 
 Glasse wryte (glaswrygh, k. 
 
 wryth, H. wryjthe, s.) Vitraritis. 
 Glasy, or glasyne, or made of glas 
 
 (glasyn of glasse, p.) Vitreus. 
 Glasyn' wythe glasse. Vitro, vel 
 
 vitrio. 
 Gleyme, or rewme.' Reuma. 
 Gleyme of knyttynge,or byy(n)d- 
 
 vnge to-gedyrs (kuttynge or 
 
 byndinge, H.cuttinge, v.yLimus, 
 
 gluten, glucium. 
 
 GleYxMOWse, or fuUe of rewme. 
 
 Reumaticus. 
 Gleymyn', or yngleymyn'. Visco, 
 
 invisco. 
 Gleymows, orlymows. Limosus, 
 
 viscosus, ghitinosus. 
 Gleymowsenesse, or lymow(s)- 
 
 nesse. Limositas, viscositas. 
 Glemyn, or lemyn', as fyyr. 
 
 F knit mo. 
 Glemyn, or lemyn', as lyghte. 
 
 Radio. 
 Glemynge, or lemynge of lyghte 
 
 (lyjth, K.) ConJiagracio,Jiam- 
 
 inacio. 
 Gleyke of eyryne, or oj^er lyke 
 
 (glcycre, k. gley3yr of eyre, ii. 
 
 gleyjyer' of eyr', p.)-* Glarea, 
 
 c. F, 
 
 notes only the Irisfcetidlsfsimn, Linn., but probably the more common species, 7m 
 Pseud-acorns, may be here intended. In Mr. Diamond's MS. version of Macer, it is 
 said, "Gladen is y-clepid in Englisshe, iris ia Latin, for his floure hah a colour like )?e 
 raynebowe . . Take he rootis of his erbe, and kyt hem in rounde gobetis, and ryfe hem 
 vpon a hrede, so hat none of hem touche oher, if hou wilt drye hem." The virtues of 
 this root are numerous, taken with wine, mead, or vinegar ; the following is curious, as 
 a cosmetic. " Do take ij parties of his pouder of gladen rotys, and he iij part of he 
 poudre of ellebre, hat some men clepen clotfynnge, and medele bohe hise poudres to-gider 
 in hony. A plaster of his wole purge and dense he face of frekelis, also it wole resolue 
 the pockys, and whelkys of \>e face." Elyot renders " A'l/ji/iium, an herbe lyke the 
 blade of a sworde, gladen ; it is also called Xyris ; '' and Cotgrave gives " Glaijeul, 
 corne-sedge, corn-gladen, rit;ht gladen, gladen, glader, sword- grasse.'' 
 
 1 In a medical treatise, Cott. MS. Jul. D. viii. f. 119, b. a jiottage composed of 
 gentian, tormentil, fennel, and honey, is directed to be given " for a gleymede stomak, 
 hat may nojt kepe mete." 
 
 2 Byy(n)dynge to-gedyys, MS. " FiACM.y, gleme, or lyme." ortus. Compare clam', 
 or cleymows ; where the other MSS. read gleymous. " Visqucnx, clammy, cleaving, bird- 
 lime-like, lotteux, claggy, clammy, cleaving. Glazeux, clammy, fat, clayish." cotg. 
 
 3 " I.a ylaire d'un wuf, the white of an egge. Aubin d'vn (Evf, the white or gleare 
 of an egge." cotg. In the Cant. Tales, the Chanon's yeoman, enumerating the num- 
 berless requisites employed in alchemy, mentions 
 
 " Unsleked lime, chalke, andgleire of an eye." 
 
 In a curious MS. in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps, concerning the craft of 
 limning, is the following recipe. " To couchegold : takegleyere, andsatteroun grounde, 
 and couche on thy golde, whyle hit is moyste.'' Fox relates that one Margery Backster, 
 being accused of heresy, thus declared her opinion of images ; " lewd wrights of stocks 
 hew ttud forme such crosses and images, and after that, lewd painters gleere them with
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 199 
 
 Glenar of come. Spicator, con- 
 
 spicatur, spicatrix. 
 (Glene, k. h. p.i Spicatum, 
 
 CATH.) 
 
 Glenynge. Conspicacio, 
 
 Glyare, or gogulej^e (g-loyere, or 
 gogyl eye, s. gogyll iye, v.f 
 Liitms, c. F. strabo, c. f. et 
 CATH. strabiis, cath. straba, 
 hirquicallus, cath. et UG. v. 
 
 Glydare. Serptor, serptrix, 
 c. F. (gradifoi; p.) 
 
 Glyderyn'. Rutilo. 
 
 Glydyn'. Serpo (gradior, p.) 
 
 Glydynge. Serpcio, gressus. 
 
 (Glyynge, k. h. p. Strabositas.) 
 
 Glymeryn'. Radio. 
 
 Glymerynge of lyghte (lyjt, k.) 
 Lucubrum, c. f. et cath. 
 
 Glystery, or glystere(glisere, k.) 
 Glisterium, glistere, c. f. 
 
 Gloffare, or devowrare.^ De~ 
 vorator, vorator, lurctis, UG. in 
 ambrosia. 
 
 Gloffynge, or devowrynge. De- 
 voracio, voracio, lurcatus. 
 
 Gloryfyyn'. Glorijico. 
 
 Gloryyn', or wythc onclene jjynge 
 defoylyn' (wyth ony on-clene 
 thyng defowlyn, s. with foule 
 thinge to defylyn, p.) Ma- 
 cula, deturpo. 
 
 Glory:owse. Gloriosus, 
 
 Gloryowsnesse. Gloriositas. 
 
 Glosare of textys. Glosator. 
 
 Glosar, and flatererc. Adulator. 
 
 Glose of a boke. Glosa. 
 
 Glose textys, or bookys. Gloso. 
 
 Glosyn', or flateryn'.-* Adulor, 
 blandior, cath. 
 
 Glosynge, or expownynge. Glo- 
 sacio. 
 
 ' " Arista est sfica, an ere of corne or a glene." 
 " A glene, arista, conspica. Gloy, spicamanium 
 
 colours.'' The French word glaire has also, according to Cotgrave, the signification of 
 " gravell, sand, and small pible stones, or sand mingled with stones ; also a whitish and 
 slimy soil," in Latin glarea ; hence it is said in Caxton's Mirrour of the World, part ii. 
 c. 8.5, that " by Acres the cyte is founden a maner of sande, and there is founden also 
 of the glayre of the see, whicheben medled to gydre, and of thyse twomyxtyons is made 
 good glasse and clere." Bosworth deiives i^lare from A.-S. "^Isere, pelliicidum quidvis, 
 
 ORTUS. " An eveneof corne." med. 
 OATH. ANG. A glene seems to be 
 here put for that which is gleaned, from the Fr. glune, the corn left for the gleaner. 
 " A glean, a handfuU of corne gleaned and tied up by the gleaner, or reaper. Kent." 
 Bp. Kennett's Gloss. Coll. Lansd. MS. 1033. The Medulla gives, " Conspico, to 
 glene, or els to gadyre songles. Aristor, i. colligere spicas, to glene, or to gadre 
 songles." MS. Cant. Mr. Wilbraham gives songow, used in this sense in Cheshire. 
 
 2 Gogyrleye, MS. " A gleer, Innus, straho, obUqvus." oath. ang. Skinner gives 
 the verb to gly as used in Lincolnshire, signifying to squint, or look askance, possibly, 
 he observes, from Ang. -Sax. J^lowan, candescere, " q. d. incensis et pra ird flnmman- 
 tibus octdis conspicere."' See Jamieson, v. Gley. Compare GOGtiLKVE, hereafter. 
 
 3 In the Vision of Piers Ploughman the word " glubbere " occurs in this sense, line 
 5274 ; " y-glubbed," line 3165, meaning gorged with liquor ; and in the Crede, " glop- 
 pynge of drynke," line 184. 
 
 •• " To glosse, ?/Si to fage. To glose, glosare, glosulare." cath. ang. The verb 
 to glose occurs in this sense in the later Wicliffite version, in which Judges xiv. 15 is 
 rendered " glose thin hosebonde {/j/andire viro ti(0." Vulg.) In the earlier version 
 this verse is thus given, " faage to thi man, and meue hym that he shewe to thee 
 what bitokeneth the probleme." This signification of fagyn' has been noticed above.
 
 200 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Glosyxge, 01- flaterynge. Adu- 
 
 lacio. 
 Glotone. Ghito, CATir. epulus, 
 
 KYLW. epulo (voraa;, nebidn, p.) 
 Glotonye. Gula, crapula. 
 Glovare. Cirothecarius. 
 Glove. Cirotlieca. 
 GLOWYN',as hoote yryne. Candeo, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Glowynge of hoote fyre, or yryn, 
 or ojjer lyke (of hote fyre yron, 
 p.) Candor, cath. corusca- 
 
 €10, CATH. 
 
 Glu, of festyiige. Viscu.t. 
 Glu, or mynstralcye (glw, k. gle, 
 
 p.)' Musica, artnonia, c. f. 
 Glwyn'. Visco. 
 Gluynge to-gedyr. Congluti- 
 
 nacio, conviscacio, cath. 
 Gluynge matere, as paste, or 
 
 o]>er lyke })at gluythe ij thyngys 
 
 to-gcder. Gluten, c. f. glu- 
 
 tinum, c. F. 
 
 Gluman, or mynstral (glwman, k. 
 
 gleman, p.) Musicus, musica. 
 Gluscare, idem quod glyare.2 
 (GluskyngEjiV/^w? «/moc?glyenge, 
 
 K. p. Strahositas.^ 
 (Gnaste of a candel, infra in 
 
 KNAST.) 
 
 GNASTERE(gnachar,K.)i^rewiifor. 
 Gnastyn' (gnachyn, k.)3 Fremo, 
 
 strideo, cath. 
 Gnastynge (gnachynge, k.) 
 
 Fremitus. 
 GNAWYN',orgnavyn, or fretyn' vn- 
 
 gentely wythe tethe (wheten with 
 
 the teethe, p.) Rodo, corrodo. 
 Gnawynge, or fowle bytynge. 
 
 Corrosio. 
 Goo A RE. A'inhulator, viator, 
 
 amhulatrix. 
 Go A RE on fote, idem quod fote- 
 
 MANN, supra in F. 
 GoBET, kimpe. Frustrum, massa. 
 Gobet, parte.'* Pars. 
 
 ' Glu, or glee, denotes properly, as Sir "W. Scott observes, the joyous science of the 
 minstrel, which was called in Ang.-Sax. J5I15. and the musician j;lij;man, an appellation 
 that denoted also the player, or joculator. See Bp. Percy's Essay on Minstrels, Sir 
 Tristrem, Havelok the Dane, Jamieson, &c. In the vision of Piers Ploughman a sin- 
 gular comparison occurs, doubtless used proverbially, as an analogous expression is at 
 the present time. Gloton, having drank deep, till his legs totter, is said to go 
 
 " Lik a gle-mannes blcche, 
 Som tyme aside, 
 And som tyme arere." line 3180. 
 
 2 Glustare, MS. Forby explains glusky as signifying sulky in aspect. 
 
 3 ^' Strideo, fortiter sonare, horribilem sonnm facere, to gnayste. Stridor, gnast- 
 ynge." CRT. ""To gnaste, fremere, est fnrorcm mentis 7i>ique ad vocis tumultum ex- 
 citare ! frendere, est j)roprie dentes concjitere. A gnastynge, /"rewor, est hotnimim, 
 
 fremitus bestiarum.'''' cath. ang. " To gnaste or gnasshe with the tethe, grincer. 
 GnSistyng oi t\w,tet\\e, strideur, grincement.'^ palsg. In the Wicliffite version this 
 word is of frequent occurrence. 
 
 4 The word gobbet formerly implied not only a lump, but generally a piece or por- 
 tion of anything. In the Wicliffite version, iv. Kings, 20, 7, is thus rendered ; " And 
 Isaie seide, bringe ^e to me a gobet of tigis {massani ficoruni, Vulg.) ; and whan \>e\ 
 haddcn brou3t it, and hadden puttc it on liis bocche, he was heclid." Among the curious 
 relics that were carried about by the Pardoner,
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 201 
 
 GoBET, of a thynge kutte (of 
 
 cuttyng-e, k. p.) Scissura. 
 GoBET, of a broke thynge (of hole 
 
 thinge, p.) F ragmen, frag- 
 
 me7itum,, c. f. 
 GoDDE. Deus. 
 GooDE. Bonus. 
 GoDE, idem quod gade, supra. 
 GoDFADYR.' Patrinus, cath. 
 
 (patrius, compater, k. p.) 
 GoDHED. Deltas. 
 Goodly. Benignus, benevolus. 
 GooDELY, adv. Benigne, bene- 
 
 vole. 
 GooDLYNESSE. Bemgmtas, be- 
 
 nevolencia. 
 
 GoDMODYR. Matrina, materna, 
 
 CATH. 
 GoDDOWTER. Filiola, CATir. 
 Godson', or gosson' (godsune, or 
 
 gosson, s. cossone, h.) Filiolus, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 GooDE WYNE. Temetum, cath. 
 God 3ATE (God3ote, k. Good3oth, 
 
 h. Godwolde, p.)^ Utinam. 
 GoGULEYE, supra, idem quod 
 
 GLYARE (gogyleyid, limus, 
 
 strabo, K. gogelere, s. gogyl 
 
 iye, p.)^ 
 GoiONE of a poleyn' (goyvn off a 
 
 polene, harl. ms. 2274.)"* Ver- 
 
 tibulum, c. F. cardo. 
 
 Cant. T. Prol. 
 in Egypt, "and 
 
 thoglie 
 
 " He saied, he had a gobbet of the saile 
 That Sainct Peter had, when that he went 
 Upon the sea, till Jesu Christ him hent." 
 
 Sir John Maundevile says of the apples of Paradise, growing 
 
 566 kutte hem in never so many gobettes or parties, overthwart, or end-longes, evere- 
 more 3ee schulle fynden in the myddes the figure of the Holy Cros." p. 60. " Gleba, a 
 gobet of erthe." med. " Gobbet, a lumpe, or a pece, monceau, lopin, chanteau.'" 
 PALSG. The derivation appears to be from " Gohemi, a bit, gobbet, or morsell.'' cotg. 
 
 1 " A goffe, nbi a godefader. A gome, nbi a godmoder." cath. ang. In the North 
 goff signifies a fool, according to Brockett and Jamieson. Cotgrave gives " cotnmere, 
 a she-gossip, or godmother, a gomme,'' but the term appears to be now obsolete. 
 
 2 The interjection Goddot, Goddoth, occurs frequently in Havelok the Dane : Sir F. 
 Madden, in his Glossary appended to that curious poem, supposes it to be a corruption 
 of God wot ! formed in the same manner as Goddil for God's will, in Yorkshire and 
 Lancashire ; a conjecture which appeared to be confirmed by the following passage, 
 where it is related that Havelok made a vow to found a priory, 
 
 " And therof held he wel his oth. 
 For he it made, God it woth ! " line 2.^)27. 
 The word, it is further observed, appears to have been limited to Lincolnshire or Lan- 
 cashire, and a single instance of its occurrence is cited from a poem written in \he 
 former county, t. Edw. L From the form, however, of the word, as it occurs in the 
 Promptorium, the derivation appears to be more obviously from A.-S. j;eatan, concedere. 
 
 3 This term occurs in the Wicliffite version, Mark ix. 4(J ; "If thin yghe sclaundre 
 thee, caste it out ; it is bettre to thee to entre gogil-yghed (luscum, Vulg.) into the 
 rewme of God, than have tweyne yghen," &c. Palsgrave gives among the adverbs, " a 
 goggell, en louchet. Goggle-eyed man, lovc/ie.''' Junius thinks it may be derived from 
 A. -S. scej;l ej;ede, strabo. 
 
 4 In some parts of England a piece of projecting iron at each end of a roller, which 
 connects it with the frame, is still called a gudgeon, from the Fr. " gonjon, the pin 
 which the truckle of a pulley runnetji on ; also the gudgeon of the spindle of a wheele." 
 COTG. Among the expenses of Thos. Lucas, Sol. Gen, to Hen. VII. in building Little 
 
 CAMD. .SOC. 2 D
 
 202 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 G(o)iONE, fysche. Gohius, gohio. 
 
 (golnvs, p.) 
 GoLDE. Aurum. 
 GooLDE, herbe.' Solseqnium, 
 
 quia seq^dtur solan, elitropium, 
 
 calendula. 
 GoLDEFYNCHE, byrde. Cardu- 
 
 elis, KYLW, 
 GoOLDFUYLE,5Mpro(mFULE,gold- 
 
 fule, K.) Bratea, inplm\CATii. 
 GoLDSMYTH. Auvifabev. 
 GoLET, or throte. Guttuv, gluma, 
 
 gula. Dice. 
 GoLFE of corne.^ Archenium, 
 
 KYLW. et COMM. acervus {ar- 
 
 conium,K. arthonium, tassis, p.) 
 GoLYoN, garment (clothe, p.)-* 
 
 Gunella, gunellus. 
 Golvyn', or golvon'. Arconiso. 
 GcME yn'mannys mowthe (goomys, 
 
 s.) Gingiva, vel gingive, plur. 
 Goon'. Ainbulo, jjergo, vado, io, 
 gradior (ineo, eo, transio, p.) 
 
 Goon a-bowtyn', or w(h)yryllyn 
 
 (wyrlyllyn, s.) Circino. 
 Goon a-forne. Precedo. 
 (Goon aftyr, s. Succedo.) 
 Goon a-wey. Hecedo, discedo. 
 Goo be-hynde, or folow (gon be- 
 
 hyndyn, or folwyn, K.) Se- 
 
 quor (i'etrogradior, p.) 
 Goo downe. Descendo, cath. 
 Goo foorthe. Procedo. 
 Goo forthe yn a iui'iieye. Proji- 
 
 ciscor. 
 GooN yn to a place. Tntroio, in- 
 
 gredior. 
 Goon on fote (gon afote, k.) Pe- 
 
 dito, c. F. 
 Goon owte. Exio, egredior. 
 Goo slowly. Lento, c. f. 
 Goo to, and be-gyii' a dede. Ag- 
 
 gredior. 
 Goo to pryvy, or to shytyii. 
 
 Acello. 
 Goo wronge. 
 
 Devio, deliro. 
 
 Saxham Hall, A.D. 1507, are these items among smiths' work ; " for goions and colars, 
 ■with ij stircppis for my bruge, weiyng aCi lb.'' These were probably for suspending a 
 drawbridge. Rokewode's SufF. p. l.'iO. 
 
 ' The plant here intended is perhaps the corn marigold. Chrysanthemum segetum, 
 Linn, called in the North, goulans, guilde, or goles, and in the South golds. See Ray 
 and Jamieson. The virtues of " gowlde " are detailed in the curious metrical treatise 
 of herbs, Sloane MS. I571,f. 26, b. Dr. Turner says that " RaymncnliiK is called in 
 English crowfoot or kingeux, or in some places a gollande." Herbal, part ii. Nares 
 states that gold is the cudweed, or mothwort, Gnaphalinm Germaniciim, Linn. 
 
 ^ A rick of corn in the straw laid up in a barn is called in Norfolk, according to Forby, 
 a goaf; every division of the barn being termed a goaf-stede : to goave signifies to stow 
 corn therein. See also Ray and Moore. Tusser uses the verb to gove, to make a mow 
 or rick ; see August's Husbandry, st. 2.'J. In a short Latin-Eng. Vocabulary of XVth 
 cent, written apparently at Creak, in Norfolk, Add. MS. ]2,1.9r), occur " Gelimo, to 
 golue. In y e limum, ^o\fe.^' Palsgrave gives " goulfe of corne, so moche as may lye 
 bytwene two postes, otherwyse a baye." 
 
 •' Roquefort gives "■ yolcon, sorle d'habit de guerre;'^ but in the Promptorium golyon 
 and gown seem to be almost synonymous, both being rendered by the Latin gunellus, 
 a diminutive of yunna. The term is used by Gower, where he relates the exchange of 
 garments made by Hercules and lole, in order to deceive Faunus. 
 " He hath hir in his clothes clad, 
 And cast on hir hisgolion, 
 W'hiche of the skin of a lion 
 Was made." Conf. Am. lib. v.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 203 
 
 GoONGE, preuy.' Cloaca, latrina. 
 GooNGE fyrmar (gongefowar, 
 
 K. H. s. feyar, p.)- Cloacarius, 
 
 latrinarius, comm. 
 Goo(N)GEhooIe. Gtcmphus,i<iECC. 
 
 Gore, or slory.^ Limus, tesser/ua, 
 
 COMM. 
 
 Goord. Cucumer, cucurhita, col- 
 
 loquintida. 
 GooRE of a clothe."^ Lacinia, c. f. 
 
 ' This woril occurs in the glosses on G. de Bibelesworth, Arund. MS. 220, as the 
 rendering oiforeyn, a place retired, a " withdraught," as it was called, 
 
 " Vn mauei/s vint en maforere (an heuedlond,) 
 Ou par despit fist foreyn hier (gonge.)" 
 
 Hence the term " chambre forene," which is used by Robert of Glouc. In the Seuyn 
 Sages it is related that a father and son went together to commit a robbery, and the 
 father falling into a pit, bid liis son cut off his head, that he might not be recognized. 
 He carried the head away to conceal it, 
 
 " But als he com bi a gong, 
 
 Amidde the pit he hit sloug." line 1315. 
 
 Fabyan gives the following tale, 45 Hen. III. " In this yere fell that happe of the 
 Jewe of Tewkysbury, whiche fell into a gonge vppon the Saterdaye, and wolde not for 
 reuerence of his sabbot day be plucked out ; wherof heryng the Erie of Glouceter, that 
 the Jewe dyd so great reuerence to hys sabbot daye, thought he wolde do as myche to 
 his holydaye, whych was Sondaye, and so kept hym there tyll Monday, at which 
 season he was found dede." The Medulla gives " Birsa, cloaca, a gonge ; " and Pals- 
 grave "Gonge, a draught, ortrait.'" A.-S. Song, sans-?ettl,sanj;-pytte, j;aus-tun, latrina. 
 
 '^ '^ Gonge fdrmer, maister de basses oevurcs, guiytieron, cvrevr d'ortraitz. I ferme 
 a siege, or priuy, i^escure. Neuer come to your newe house, tyll your seges or priuyes 
 be fermed, tant que vons ayez cure les orttraysy palsg. Thomas, in his Ital. Gramm. 
 1548, gives " Piombino, a certein instrument of leade, that the gongfermours use." 
 " Gadouard, a gould-finder, jakes-farmer, feyer of primes. Maistre phy phy, a jakes 
 feyer, who hath often occasion enough to say, phy.'^ cotg. Bp, Kennett gives the 
 following note in his Glossarial Coll. Lansd. MS. 1033 : " To farm, to cleanse or empty, 
 Jior. Oxfordshire ; as, to farm kine, to farm a stable or cow-house ; from Sax. feormian, 
 purgare, whence the cleansers of jakes or privies are in some places called jakes-farmers.' 
 Compare fowar, fowyn, and fyix. 
 
 ^ Flory, MS. Slush and gore are generally mentioned together in Norfolk, as Forby 
 observes, the former expressing the thin, the latter the thick part of the mire. Ang.-Sax. 
 jor, lulum. Brockett gives gor, in the Northern Dialect, 
 
 " For gore and fen, and full wast. 
 That was out y-kast, 
 
 Togydere they gadered, Y wys.'' Lybeaus disconus, line 1471. 
 
 * Lacinia is explained in the Catholicon to be " vestis lacerata, vel ora sive extre- 
 mitas vestimenti ; " to which the following addition is made in the Ortus, " vel nodus 
 clamidis, a hemme of clothe, or a gore, or a trayne." G. de Bibelesworth says, 
 
 " Car par deuaunt avez eskours (lappes,) 
 El d'encoste sont vos yirouns (sidgoren.)'' 
 
 This word is vised repeatedly by Chaucer, and Tyrwhitt observes that its meaning was 
 not intelligible. It seems, however, to imply a slit in a garment, whereby a piece is
 
 204 PROMPTOUIUM VARVULORUM. 
 
 (GoRSTYS TREjOr qwyce tYe,supra 
 
 in FYRRYS.)' 
 
 Goose. Atica. 
 
 GosYS GREs, or camoroclie, or 
 
 wylde tanzy.- Cainaroca, vel 
 
 tanasetum agresle. 
 
 GosHAWKE. Aucipiter, herodius. 
 GosHERDE. Aucariiis, aucaria. 
 GosELYNGE. Ancevulus. 
 GossYP, mann.^ Compater, c. f. 
 (GosYP, woman, s. p. Commater.^ 
 Gospel. Evangelium. 
 
 either inserted or taken away, so as to widen or contract it ; thus the attire of the Car- 
 penter's young wife is described, who wore 
 
 " A barm-cloth, as white as morwe milk, 
 
 Upon her lendes, ful of many a gore." Miller's T. 3237. 
 
 Here it doubtless signifies that her apron was gathered in with numerous plaits, in 
 girding it about her hips. Sir Thopas says, where he relates his dream, 
 
 »' An elf-quene shall my lemman be. 
 
 And slepe under my gore.'' Cant. T. line 13,719. 
 
 Here the expression seems to be one of those conventional phrases of romance of which 
 the meaning cannot be closely defined, and implying ample coverings, garments full and 
 rich. In Emare, the Queen of Galys is said to be " goodly unther gore, — wordy unther 
 wede, — comely unther kelle." Rits. Metr. R. ii. 243. " Goore of a smocke, poynte 
 de ckernise." PAI.SG. " Gheroni, the gores of a woman's smocke, or other lyke garment." 
 W. Thomas, Ital. Gramra. 
 
 ' In the North, and other parts of England, the Ulex Europaus, Linn, or common 
 furze, is called gorse. Ang.-Sax. jorst, erica, rubus. See the note on the word 
 FYRRYS, above. " Riiscus, a gorst, or a furse." med. ms. cant. In the margin 
 is the addition in Somner's hand, of the Ang.-Sax. words, " cneoholen, fyres.'' 
 Cotgravc gives ^^ yenest espitieux, furres, whinnes, gorse, thorne-broom." 
 
 2 The Potentilla anscrina, Linn, or wild tansy, is called in the North, according to 
 Ray, goose-grass, because eaten by geese. The plant, however, most commonly known 
 by the name, is the Galinm aparine, or cleavers, which, as Moore observes, is called in 
 Suffolk " guse-grass.'' Dr. Turner, in his Herbal, 15G1, speaks of " Gooshareth or 
 clyuer." Cotgrave gives " Graleron, the small bur called goose-share, goose-grasse, 
 love-man, cleaver, and claver. liiible, cleaver, goose-grasse, &c." Huloet calls the same 
 plant " goslingweede, ruebu {sic, rubca /) rninor.^' 
 
 3 GossYPMANN, MS. The Baptismal sponsors were formerly called gossips, a term 
 which Skinner derives from Ang.-Sax. God, Deus, and syb, affinitas, as it were " cognati 
 in Deo ; " and by the Canon law marriage was forbidden between persons thus allied, 
 as much as between relatives by blood. In the Lay le Freine, it is related that the 
 knight, to whom two sons were born, sent to greet a knight who was his neighbour, 
 
 " And pray him that he com to me. 
 And say he schal mi gossibbe be." 
 
 It would hence seem that the term eonijjrised not only the co-sponsors, but tlie parents 
 of the child baptized. Verstegan, in liis explanations of ancient words, observes upon 
 " Godsip, now ))ronounced gossip. Our Christian ancestors understanding a spiritual 
 affinity to grow between the parents and such as undertook for the child at baptism, 
 called each other by the name of Godsib, which is as much to say, as that they were sib 
 together, that is, of kin together tlirough God." p. 175, edit. 16."),'). Fabyan says of 
 the repudiation of Ingcbert of Detuiiaik by Philij) Augustus, king of France, " yt was 
 not longe or slu; were from hym deuorced for cause of alyaunce of gossyjired, or other- 
 wise." Part vii. c. 242.
 
 PnOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 205 
 
 GoosTE, Spiritus. 
 GosTELY. Sjjiritualiter. 
 GosTELY mann, or womann. Spi- 
 
 ritualis. 
 GoosTLYNESSE. Spiritualitds. 
 GossoAiER, corrupcyon (gossum- 
 
 myr, or corrupcion, ii. p.)' F'i- 
 
 landrya, lanugo, cath. 
 GooT, beste. Hircus, edus, caj)ra. 
 GoTE, or water schctelys (gootc, H. 
 
 water schedellys, s.)- Aquagiiua, 
 
 sinoglocitorium, c. f. 
 
 ' " Lamtffo, i. lana super poma, vel flos tribuli qui postquam bene siccahis est levi 
 flatu effertur in aerem.'' cath. In the Promptorium an allusion is madeto another and 
 strange supposition regardina; the production of gossamer, noticed by Skinner, namely, 
 that it was formed from the dew scorched by the morning sun, and tlience, as it seems, 
 termed here corruption. It is evident from Cluiucer that this phenomenon had exer- 
 cised the ingenuity of curious observers in ancient times. 
 
 " As sore wondren som on cause of thonder. 
 On ebbe and floud, on gossomer, and on mist, 
 And on all thing, til that the cause is wist." Squiere's T. 10,572. 
 
 An allusion to the anciently received notion occurs in Spenser, who speaks of 
 
 " the fine nets which oft we woven see 
 
 Of scorched dew." 
 
 " As light and thin as cobwebs that do fly 
 
 In the blew air, caus'd by the autumnal sun, 
 
 That boils the dew that on the earth doth lie ; 
 
 May seem this whitish rug then in the scum, 
 Unless that wiser men make't the field spider's loom." H. More. 
 
 Even Dr. Hooke advances a conjecture that the great white clouds seen in summer 
 might consist of gossamer. Microgr. 202. Dr. Hulse and Martin Lister first observed 
 the real mode of its production by a species of spider. See Ray's Letters, 36, 69 ; 
 Lister de Araneis ; and the interesting relation in White's Hist. Selb. The etymology of 
 the word is very obscure ; Skinner suggests ^os*a»2^>i«e, Fr. ^o*«//;rMw, Lat. the cotton 
 plant. Tlie derivation proposed in the Craven Glossary, from its appellation " summer- 
 gauze, hence gauze o' th' summer, gauzamer, alias gossamer," is hardly tenable, when 
 it is considered that the term was probably received in our language long before the in- 
 troduction of the tissue called gauze. An early instance of its occurrence is in the gloss 
 on G. de Bibelesworth, whose treatise was composed in the time of Edw. \. 
 
 " Reyardet cy la filaundre (gosesomer.)" Arund. MS. 220, f. 301. 
 
 " Filiandra, Anylice, gossomer." Lat. Eng. Vocab. Harl. MS. 1002. " Gossommer, 
 thynges that flye in sommar lyke copwebbes.'' palsg. " Coiivraiiles, gossymeare, or 
 the white and cobweb-like exhalations which flye abroad in hot sunnie weather." cotg. 
 In N. Brit, according to Jamieson, it is called also sun-dew webs, or moosewebs. In 
 German, unserFrawen Haar, the Blessed Virgin's hair. See Jamieson, ». Garsummer; 
 and Nares. 
 
 - The Stat. 33 Hen. VIII. c. 33, after setting forth the decayed state of the fortifi- 
 cations of Hull, grants certain duties levied on the importation of fish, to repair and 
 maintain the walls, ditches, and banks, as also " other clowes, getties, gutters, goottes, 
 and other fortresses there," for the defence of the town and haven. Stat, of Realm, iii. 
 872. The stat. 2 and 3 Edw. VI. c. 30, states that the channel of the Camber, near 
 Rye, had become choked up, in part by casting ballast into it, "■ and partely bycause 
 dyuers mershes inncd take in no water to scowcr the chauuell, but Ictt oute thcr fi-eshe
 
 206 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 GoTERE. Aquarmm, imhricium, 
 guttatorium, giittera, cupia- 
 lacium, c. f. aquagkim, UG. v. 
 
 GoTERE vndyr )>e grownde. Ca- 
 taduppa, cataracta, c. F. sed 
 cataracte in plur. sunt fenestre 
 cell, nuhes, vel meatus pluvi- 
 arum, c. f. {cadudirpa, p.) 
 
 GoTERE, ad purgandum feces 
 coquine. Ruder, cath. 
 
 GOOTYS BERDE.^ tS tirillum, CATH. 
 
 et UG. in stujjrum. 
 
 GOOT HERDE, CapCYCUS, C. F. 
 
 GoTOWS mann, or womann' (go- 
 torous, p.) Guttosus. 
 
 Goton', or had be trawayle (gotyn, 
 or get, p.) Adeptus, udquisitus, 
 assecutus. 
 
 GovERNAWNCE. Regimen, gu- 
 bernacio, gubeimaculum. 
 
 GouERNOWRE. Gtibemator, rec- 
 tor. 
 
 GouERNOWRE of moiiy yn an 
 howsholde, vndur a lorde or 
 mayster. Massarius, massaria, 
 CATH. in massa. 
 
 Governyn'. Guberno, rego. 
 
 GovERNE a towne. Villico, vil- 
 
 licor, CATH. 
 
 Gouernyn', and mesuryn' in 
 manerys, and thewys. Moderor, 
 modifico, CATH. 
 
 Gowlare, or vserere.'^ Usura- 
 rius, fenerator. 
 
 Gowle, or vsury. Usura, fenus. 
 
 GowNDE of jje eye.'^ Ridda, al- 
 bugo, c. F. et UG. V. 
 
 GowNE, garment. Toga, epi- 
 togium, Dice, gunellus. 
 
 GowTE, sekenesse. Gutta. 
 
 Gowton', as candelys. Gutto. 
 
 Grace. Gracia. 
 
 (jRACELES. Akaris, c. F.velacaris, 
 c. F. et CATH. ingraciosus. 
 
 water at guttes ;" so that the road for shipping was much injured. Vol. iv. 72. This word 
 is retained in use in several parts of England ; Skinner and Ray give gowts, a word 
 signifying in Somersetshire channels or drains under-ground. Bp. Kennett has the 
 following notes in his Gloss. Coll. Lansd. MS. 1033 : " A wide ditch, or water-course 
 that empties itself into the sea, is called in Romney Marsh a gut, from old Dan. giota, 
 ncrobn : thence gutter, dim. a mill gut, a gote, i. a Houd-gate, Northunib. Ang.-Sax. 
 Seotan, fundere.'"' In the Craven Dialect gote denotes a channel of water from a mill- 
 dam, as doesgoyt in Hallamshire. Jamieson gives goat and got, a small trench or drain. 
 A similar word occurs in old French; " Goute : gouttiere, ajout.'' RoauEF. 
 
 ' GooTYS HERDE, MS. berdc, s. H. r. " Sfirillum, barba capre, et dicitur a stirid, 
 quia pendens ad niodurn stirie, i. f/ude.'' cath. 
 
 - " J)a7nsta, J)anus,R gowlere, an \serere." med. Ms. cant. The derivation appears 
 obviously to be from r/nla, in French (joule or ijole, significative of his rapacious avidity. 
 
 •' Skinner gives the word gound as used very commonly in Lincolnshire, signifying 
 the running or impure secretion of the eyes. It occurs in the glosses on G. de Bibe- 
 lesworth, Arund. MS. 220, f. 297, b. 
 
 " Vostre regardz est (/racious (louelik,) 
 Mes vos oei/z sunt saciouz (gundy ;) 
 Des oeez outez la sacye ()>e gunde,) 
 E de nees la tupi/e (I'c maklrope.)" 
 
 Bp. Kennett, in his Glossarial Coll. Lansd. MS. 10,33, has the following note : " Gunded 
 eyes, Westm. Goundy, filtliy like running sores, Gower. Gunny eyes, Yorksh. Dial." 
 Ang.-Sax. ?;und, jnts, sanies. Skelton describes the " eyen gowndye " of Elynour 
 Rumniing.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 207 
 
 Gracyows. Graciosus, euTcm-is, 
 
 C. F. fit CATII. 
 
 (Graffe, infra in gryffe.) 
 (Graffyn', infra in gryffyn'.) 
 >j Grayle, boke (gray3ylle, harl. 
 
 MS. 2274.)' Gradale, vel gra- 
 
 dalis. 
 
 (GrAME,S. «■«/>•« in WAYTYNGEtO 
 
 don harme.)'-' 
 Gram ARYONE. Gramaticus, gra- 
 
 matica. 
 Gramere. Gramatica. 
 Gramercy. In plurali, has 
 
 grates, accusativo tantum. 
 Grape. Uva. 
 Grape of grete quantite. Bu- 
 
 masta, cath. 
 Grate for brede. Micatorium, 
 
 Dice. 
 Grate for gyngure, or o\er lyke. 
 
 Fricellum,frictellum, ex cath. 
 
 in frico. 
 Grate, or trelys wy(n)dowe 
 
 (treues wyndowe, p.) Cancellus. 
 Grate brede.'* Mico . 
 Grate gynger (grate gynjors or 
 
 oder lyke, harl. ms. 2274.) 
 
 Frictico, CA'VU.(frico,CATH. p.) 
 Gratynge of brede. Micacio, 
 
 micatura. 
 Gratynge of gyngure, and o|)er 
 
 lyke. Frictura. 
 Grave. Momimentum, sepul- 
 
 chrum, tumulus. 
 Grave, solempnely made, or 
 
 gravyn (solenly made andarayyd, 
 
 K. p.) Mausoleum 
 
 c. F. 
 sabulum, 
 
 Gravelle. Arena 
 
 eciam sonde. 
 Gravel pytte. Arenarium. 
 
 ^ A grayle is a service book containing the responses, or gradalia, so called because 
 they are sung in gradibus, or by course. It is thus described by Lyndwood : " Gra- 
 dale — ponitur pro libro inteyro, in quo contineri debent officium aspersionis aqucB 
 benedictce, missarum inchoationes, sive officio, Kyrie, cum versibns Gloria in e.vcelsis, 
 gradalia, Halleluja, et tracttis, sequentice, symbolum cnntandum in Missd, Offerforium, 
 Sanctus, Agnus, Communio, il),'C. qucs ad chorum spectant in Misscc solennis decanta- 
 tione.^' Provinc. iii. tit. 27. At the synod of Exeter, A.D. 1287, it was ordained that 
 certain books should be provided in every parish, at the charge of the parishioners, 
 among which is named the yradale. Wilkins, Cone. ii. 139. It is likewise included in 
 the constitution of Abp. Winchelsey, to the same effect, A.D. 1305. Lyndw. The 
 stat. 3 and 4 Edw. VI. for abolishing divers books and images, enacts " that all books 
 called antiphoners, missals, grails, processionals, &c. heeretofore used for service of the 
 church, shall be cleerelie and vtterlie abolished, and forbidden for euer to be vsed or 
 kept in this realme." 
 
 ■^ This word, which is found in the Winchester MS. only, is frequently used by the 
 old writers. 
 
 " Bithenk hou oft rape wil rewe. 
 
 And turn to grame wel grille." Amis and Amiloun, 657. 
 
 " Lordynges, he saide, y am aschamed. 
 And sore anoyed, and agramed.'' K. Alis. 3310. 
 
 In Havelok the verb to greme occurs, line 442, and the adjective gram, meaning angry 
 or incensed, line 214. See alsoSeuyn Sages, 2703; Cant. Tales, 1G,871 ; and Jamieson, 
 V. Gram. Ang.-Sax. j;rama, molestia, j;remian, irritare. 
 
 ^ It may be observed in the Forme of Cury, and all books of ancient cookery, that 
 " myyd," or grated bread, was continually employed in the composition of a variety of 
 dishes. Palsgrave says, " I holde a penny that I shall grate this lofe, or you can grate 
 a rasyn of gynger ; " that is, a root, racine.
 
 208 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Grave stone. Cippns, cath. 
 Gravyn, or grubbyu yn pe erthe. 
 
 Fodio. 
 Gravyn' ymagys, or o))er lyke 
 
 (imagery, k. p.) Sculpo. 
 Gravyn', or puttyn yn ]je grave, 
 
 or yn j)e erthe.^ Humo, c^c. 
 
 idem quod beryyn', snpra. 
 Gravynge in tymbyr, or metal. 
 
 Scidptura. 
 Gravynge, or delvynge. Fossio, 
 
 fossatura. 
 GRAWNSYRE,faderysfadyr(grawn- 
 
 cyr, s. grauncer, p.) Avus, c. f. 
 Grawnedame, faderys moder, or 
 
 moderys moder. Avia, c. f. et 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Grawnge, or gronge.2 Grangia. 
 Grawnte, or grawntynge.-^ Con- 
 
 cessio,stijiulacio, cmnutus,c ATH. 
 
 in annuo, 
 Grawntyn'. Concedo, annuo, 
 
 constipulor , catii. 
 Graa^owre. Sculpto7\ 
 Gravyn', or beryyd (gravon, or 
 
 biryid, k.) Sepultus, humatus. 
 GRAVYN'of agrawowre.'' Sculptus. 
 Gravyn', or dolvyn'. Fossus, 
 
 conjbssus. 
 Gre, or worthynesse.*^ Gradus. 
 
 ' " To grave, ?<&? to bery. To grave, cespitare,fodere, percolere,/oditare,pastmare. 
 A graver, cespitator, cultor,fossor. A gravynge, cuHura.'^ cath. ang. The verb to 
 grave is used by most of the old writers in the signification of digging, and thence of 
 depositing in the grave. Ang. -Sax. ^rafan, yode?'e. Sir John Maundevile gives a re- 
 lation of the legend regarding the origin of the trees of which the cross was formed ; 
 that when Adam sent 8eth to crave oil of mercy of the angel that kept Paradise, the 
 angel refused to give it, " but he toke him three graynes of the same tree that his fadre 
 eet the appelle offe, and bad hym, als sone as his fadre was ded, that he scholde putte 
 theise three greynes undre his tonge, and grave him so. And of theise three greynes 
 sprong a tree — and bare a fruyt, thorghe the whiche fruyt Adam scholde be saved." 
 p. 14. To grave still signifies, in the North, to break up ground with the spade. 
 
 2 The primary meaning of the word (jramjia, in French grange, or grance, seems to 
 have been a repository for grain, or, according to Uucange, a threshing floor; and 
 thence it implied the farming establislnnent generally, with ifs various buildings and 
 appliances, as it is accurately defined by Lyndwood, in his annotations on the Constit. 
 of Abp. Mepham, Provinc. lib. ii. tit. i. Spelman cites a MS. in which the name 
 Thomas AtelaJ^e, that is, at the lathe, or barn, is said to be in French, Thomas de la 
 Graiinge. The term has even the more extended sense of a hainlet ; that is, probably, 
 the assemblage of dwellings occupied by the dependants of the farm, which, doubtless, 
 forming a nucleus, gave rise to the greater number of villages in ancient times. Pals- 
 grave gives " graunge, or a lytell thorpe, hamtau. Graunge, petit village.^' Huloet 
 makes the following distinctions : " Graunge, or manour place without tlie walls of a 
 citie, Huburbannm. Graunge, or little thorpe, viculns. Graunge, where husbandry is 
 exercised, colonia." 
 
 ^ Grawnte, or grawnte. Confcssio, ms. grawntynge, k. s. p. 
 
 4 Gravyn', or a grawowre, Ms. off a gravowre, s. 
 
 ^ Gre is here given only in the sense of promotion to honour or distinction, in which 
 also the term degree is now used at the Universities. In N. Britain gree has still this 
 signification. So likewise in Chaucer, llom. of the Rose : 
 
 " In thanke thy seruice wol I take, 
 And high of gree I wol thee make." 
 
 It occurs frequently in the primary sense of a step, gri, Fr. " Vlimatum, a goynge fro 
 gre to gre." ortus.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULOKUM. 
 
 ■209 
 
 (Grece, or tredyl, k. ii. or steyre, 
 
 p.' Gtridus.) 
 Gredy of mete (in mete, K.) 
 
 Avidus. 
 Gredy in askynge. Procax, c. f. 
 
 importunus. 
 Gredy, or hasty. Impetuosus, 
 
 festin us. 
 Gredynesse of mete (havinge, 
 
 K. p.) Aviditas, 
 Gredynesse in askj-nge. Pro- 
 
 cacitas, c. f. 
 
 Grehownde Tgresehounde, s.) 
 
 LeporariuSi veltres. 
 Grey of colowre. Gresius, elbus, 
 
 elhidus, cath. 
 GREY,beest.2 Ta^'us,melota,CA'lii. 
 Grey iieryd. Canus. 
 Greyne of corne. Granum. 
 Greyne, or croppe of corne •'' (in 
 
 the jere, K. jere, p.) Annona. 
 Greyxesse of heere. Canicies. 
 Greynys, spyce (spicery, k. p.)'* 
 
 Granum Paradisi. 
 
 ^ The term grece seems to be derived from the plural of gre, a step. It is thus 
 used in the Wicliffite version ; "hou scbalt not stye bi grees {per gradus, Vulg.) to myn 
 auter, lest H filt^e be schewid." Exod. xx. 26. *' ForsoJ'e Esdras J^e writere stood on 
 J'e grees of tree (.svpcr gradmn Ugneum, Vulg.) whiche he hadde maad to speke t'eron." 
 Esd. viii. 4. Compare iv Kings, xxiii. 3, and Dedis, xxi. 35. Sir John Maundevile 
 says, in his relation of the state of the great Chan of Chatay, " the grees, that he gothe 
 up to the table, ben of precyous stones, medled with gold." p. 259. And again, " Ves- 
 selle of sylver is there non, for thei telle no prys there of, to make no vesselle ofFe, but 
 thei maken ther of grecynges, and pileres, and pawmentes to halles and chambres.'' p. 
 263. In the version of Vegecius, which is attributed to Trevisa, among directions how 
 a strong place should be fortified by double walls, the intervening space being filled with 
 earth, it is said that there should be "in the making of the inner walle, at euery fourty 
 or fifty fote of lengthe, esy gresinges fro the playn grounde of the citie up to the walls." 
 Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. f. 100. " Gradus, a grece, a steppe. Grado, to leede, or greys." 
 MED. MS. CANT. " A grecc, gradus ; gradare, i. gradus facere, vel per gradus diicere" 
 CATH. ANG. " Coclea, turnegrece. " Lat. Eng. Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. 
 " Scnmnum, a steppe or grice, whereby a manne gothe vppe into a hygh bedde. ^na- 
 hathrnm, a pulpit or otlier lyke place, whiche standeth on hyghe, wherunto a man must 
 go vp by a ladder or grises." elyot. " Grece to go vp at, or a stayre, degrc." p.'vlsg. 
 " Degri, a staire, step, greese." cotg. See Forby's observations on the word grissens, 
 which still signifies stairs in Norfolk ; Craven Glossary, v. Grees ; and Nares. 
 
 - This name of the badger, which was taken, probably, from its colour, has pre- 
 viously occurred as synonymous with bawstome. The gloss on the Equivoca of John de 
 Garlandia gives the following explanation •. " Taxus, quoddam animal, a brocke or a grey.'' 
 " Graye, a beest, taxey palsg. " Grisard, a badger, boason, brocke, or gray." cotg. 
 " Graio, a gray, a brocke, a badger." florid. See Holland's Pliny, viii. c. 33. 
 
 3 Croppe or corne, ms. ^'^ /Jnnona est seges unius ayini, corne of one yere.'' ortus. 
 
 * " Grayns, granellnm, qvoddam species est.'' cath. ang. The aromatic qualities 
 of cardamoms, and grains of Paradise, were anciently much esteemed. Chaucer says of 
 the amorous Absolon, when he prepares to court the carpenter's wife, 
 
 " But first he cheweth grein and licorise. 
 
 To smellen sote, or he had spoke with here." Miller's Tale. 
 
 They are again mentioned in Rom. of the Rose. Gerarde and Parkinson give represen- 
 tations of the Aleliguette, greatest sort of cardamoms, Grana Paradisi, or Guinea grains ; 
 a pod shaped like a fig, and full of red seed. The true grains of Paradise were brouglit 
 CAMD. SOC. 2 E
 
 1*10 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Grene of colowre. Viridis. 
 Grene place (or herbere, h. p.) 
 Viridium, vel viretum, cath. 
 
 viridarium, comm. 
 Grenehed, or grenenesse. Vi- 
 
 riditas, viror. 
 Grenyn', or growe grene. Vireo, 
 
 CATH. viresco, cath. et c. f. 
 Grennare, or he J)at grynnythe. 
 
 Rinctor. 
 Grennyn' wj'the the tythe, as 
 
 howndys. Kingo, cath. etc. f. 
 Grennynge. Rictus, cath. 
 Grene lynge, fyshe (grenlynge, 
 
 s. grenelynge, p.)' 
 Grees, or fetnesse (gres, K.) Sa- 
 
 gimen,sagi7ia, cath. (^adeps,p.) 
 Gresse, herbe (gres, k. s.) 
 
 Herba, gramen. 
 GRESYN',or anoyntyii wythe grese. 
 
 Sagino. 
 
 Gresyn', as beestys fedy(n)ge 
 
 wythe gres (beestys in pasture, 
 
 K. fede the with gresse, p.)^ 
 
 Depnscor, carpo, cath. her- 
 
 honiso. 
 Gresynge, or a-noyntynge (with 
 
 grece, p.) Saginacio. 
 Gresynge, of beestys fedynge. 
 
 Pastura, caiptura. 
 Greshop. Cicada. 
 Grete, in quantyte. Magnus, 
 
 grossus, grandis. 
 Grete hertyd, and bolde. Mag- 
 
 nanimus. 
 Grete hertyd, not redy to bux- 
 
 umnesse. Pertina.v, injlexihilis. 
 Grete mann, or worthy (man, 
 
 K. p.) Magnas. 
 Grete oothe. Jusjurandum, c. f. 
 Gretyn, or wepyn'.^ Ploro, 
 
 CATii.fleo, lacrimor. 
 
 from the East Indies, but tlie ordinary larger cardamoms seem to have been likewise so 
 named. " Carrfamo»if, graines, or graine of Paradise; also Ethiopian pepper. Ma- 
 niffuet, meleyette, the spice called grains, or grains of Paradise.'' cotg. 
 
 ' The fish here intended seems to be the cod or keeling, Morhua vulgaris, Cuv. 
 which is called the green fish, probably from its colour, but as stated in Willughby's 
 Hist. Pise. p. 16(), from its being taken on the coast of Greenland. It abounds in the 
 Northern seas : a multitude of British and Dutch fishermen are occupied in taking and 
 preparing it for transport to all parts of Europe. It is called also habberdeen. Island 
 fish, or stock-fish. " Morue^ the cod, or green fish. Morn'e verte, green fish.'' cOTG. 
 This green variety, called the Scotch cod, is most common towards the North. 
 
 2 In the Golden Legend, Life of St. Paul, there is a relation that the head of the 
 saint was found by a shepherd, who " set it up by the place where his shepe greased." 
 Palsgrave gives " to grease, or grase, as a horse dothe." The word, as usually written, 
 is more in accordance with the derivation, Ang.-Sax. jjrasian, gramme vesci. Forby 
 gives another signification of tlie verb to graze, as used in Norfolk, namely, to become 
 covered with the growth of grass; in this sense it is given likewise in the cath. ano. 
 " to gresse, herbere, herbescere.'^ 
 
 ' " To grete, plorare, et cetera ubi to wepe." oath. ano. 
 " There was mad muche gredyng. 
 
 Much weoping, much waylyng." K. Alis. 7882. 
 Hampole in the Prick of Conscience terms the day of final doom 
 " be day of gretcyng, and of gouleyng, 
 
 i>e day of sorowe Jjat neuer salle blyne." Harl. MS. 
 
 See also R. Brunne, p. 148 ; the Vision of P. Ploughm. 1029, 1497 
 of Rose; and Jamieson, v. Greit. Ang.-Sa,\. grtedan, grsetan, clamare 
 
 6923, f. 83. 
 Chaucer, Rom.
 
 PROMPTOKIUM PAKVULORUM. 
 
 211 
 
 GRETYN',orsalutyn'.*S'a/'i/.^o,CATH. 
 
 Gretynge, or salutacyon. Sa- 
 lutacio. 
 
 Gretynge, or wepynge. Plora- 
 tus, fletus. 
 
 Gretly. Valde, vehementer, 
 opido. 
 
 Grete too of J)e fote. Allux, c. f. 
 
 Greet wythe chylde. Gravidus, 
 impregnatus. 
 
 Grevawnce, or grevowsnesse. 
 Gravamen, nocumentum, te- 
 dium. 
 
 Grevawn(c)e, or offence, or tres- 
 pace (offence of trespace, k. s.) 
 Offensa, aggra{ya)vien. 
 
 Grevyd, or a-greuyd yn wrethe. 
 
 Aggravatus, attediatus. 
 Grevyn'. Gravo, aggravo, in- 
 
 festo, noceo, cath. 
 Grevows. Nocivus, tediosus, 
 
 gravis (nocuus, K.) 
 Grevowsly. Graviter, tediose, 
 
 nocenter. 
 
 (GrEWELLE, «■/?//•« trtGROWELLE.) 
 
 Gryce, swyne or pygge.^ Por- 
 
 cellus, nefrendis, cath. et c. F. 
 Gryce, whyle hytsokythe. Puher, 
 
 cath. in depubis, nefrendisiVG. 
 
 infrendere. 
 Gryce, precyowse furrure.^ Sci- 
 
 s(i)mus, necc. 
 
 ' " A grise, porcellus, et cete7'a ubi a swyne." cath. ang. " Marcassin, a young 
 wild boare, a shoot, or grice." cotg. Grys occurs repeatedly in this sense, in the 
 Vision of P. Ploughman, 450, 2182, 4353 : in the glossary, Mr. Wright refers to the story 
 of Will Gris in the Lanercost Chron. Skinner cites Gouldman's Diet, as the sole au- 
 thority for the word grice, and proposes as an etymon Belg. griis, cinereus. The word 
 appears to be now obsolete, or retained only in the diminutive griskin. Bp. Kennett 
 in his Gloss. Coll. Lansd. MS. 1033, gives " grice, a pig; Island, griis, vel grys, suc- 
 citlaj " and cites the Yorkshire Dial. p. 42, and Douglas's Virgil. See Jamieson. 
 
 2 Neccham, in his treatise denominibiis uteiisilium, ■Krites as follows respecting female 
 costume : " Camisia sindonis, vel serici, vel bissi, materiam sorciatur (i. capiat.) Pe- 
 nula (pane) muntelli sit ea: scisimis {gris), vel experioUs {ekureiis), sive scureltis, vel ex 
 cuniculis , vel ex laeronibus {leeruns) ; cujus urla (penule) sit ex sabilino, H^'c.'' Cott. 
 MS. Titus, D. XX. with an interlinear French gloss. This kind of fur is mentioned by 
 John de Garlandia, in his Dictionary, among the more costly kinds : " PeUiparii — 
 carius vendunt cisiimim {al. scimum) et urlas de sabellino ;'' upon which the following 
 gloss is given, " cisimus est illiid quod dicitur Gallice vare, et gris.'^ Docum. Inedits, 
 Paris sous Philip le Bel, App. 5,91. The esteem in which it was held appears from M. 
 Paris, who states in his account of the honourable reception of the Tartar envoys by 
 Innocent IV. A.D. 1248, " dedit eis vestes pretiosissimas, quas robas rvlgaritcr appel- 
 lamus, de escarleto prceelecto, cum penulis et fururiis de pellibus raiiis cisimoinm." It 
 is not easy to ascertain with precision what is the animal that supplied this fur ; it 
 appears to be described by Gesner as the Ah/s Ponticus, or Venetus, commonly called 
 varius, and the fur of which was termed by the Germans Grauwerck. The terms gris 
 and voir seem, indeed, to be frequently used as synonymous, but many authorities 
 may be cited from which a distinction is apparent. Much curious information on 
 this subject, and on the use of costly furs in general, has been given by Ducange, 
 in the first dissertation appended to Joinville. Chaucer describes the sleeve of the 
 monk as " purfiled at the bond with gris " of the finest quality. Cant. Tales, Prol. 
 194. Mention occurs of "grey and grys'' in Vis. of P. Ploughm. 10,0tj6. See 
 Jamieson, v. Griece. In the Invent, of the Wardrobe of Hen. V. taken 1423, are enu- 
 merated various garments "/urrez de cristigrey ; " probably a variety of gris.
 
 212 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Grydyryne. Crciticula, craticu- 
 
 lum, CATii. cratis. 
 Gryffare, or graffare. Insertor. 
 Gryffe, or graffe.' Surcidus. 
 Gryffyn', or graffyn'. Insevo. 
 Gryffynge, or graffynge. In- 
 
 sercio, insertura. 
 Gryffown, beest.2 Grifo, grifes, 
 
 c. F. 
 (Gryl, iiiffci in grY-M.)"* 
 Grym, or Sterne (storre, k. stoore, 
 
 II. p.) Austerus, rig id us. 
 Grym, gryl, and horryble. Hur- 
 
 ridus, horribilis. 
 
 (Grymnesse, or stornesse, k. 
 
 stoorenesse, F.Aiisteritas, rigor.^ 
 Grymnesse, or horrybylnesse. 
 
 Horror, horribilitas. 
 
 GrYXDY'k'. 3I0I0, CATH. 
 
 Gryxdynge of a mylle. Mola- 
 
 tura, muUura, UG. 
 Gry'xdyngstone, or mylle- 
 
 stone. Molaris, ug. 
 Gry'ndyngstone, or grynstone. 
 
 Mala, CATH. 
 Grype, byrde.-* Vnltiir. 
 Gryppe, or a gryppel, where 
 
 watur rennythe a-way in a londe, 
 
 ' An engrafted scion is called in Norfolk a greft, or grift, according to Forby, who 
 proposes as an etymon Ang -Sax. jraeft, sculptile. " Grafte, or gryffe of a tree, ente. 
 I gryffe a gryffe, _;'<? ente.^' palsg. 
 
 ■■^ This fabulous animal is particularly described by Sir Jolin IMaundevile, in bis 
 account of Bacharie. " In that contree ben many griffounes, more plentee than in ony 
 other contree. Sura men seyn that thei han the body upward as an eagle, and benethe 
 as a lyoune, and treuly thei seyn sothe that thei ben of that schapp. But o griffoun hathe 
 the body more gret, and is more strong thanne viij. lyouns, of suche lyouns as ben o this 
 half, and more gret and strongcre than an c. egles, suche as we han amonges us." He 
 further states that a griffin would bear to its nest a horse, or a couple of oxen yoked to 
 the plough ; its talons being like horns of great oxen, and serving as drinking-cups ; and 
 of the ribs and wing feathers strong bows were made. See p. 325. Casley observes that 
 in the Cotton Library there was such a cup, 4 ft. in length, silver-hooped, and inscribed 
 " Griphi miffuis dico Ctitlibertu Ditnelmenni sacer ;" another curiously mounted as a 
 standing cup, on an eagle's leg of silver, is still preserved in the cabinet of anticpiities 
 at Paris, in the King's Library, having been brought, at the Revolution, withtlie spoils 
 of the treasury of St. Denis. A curious account of it is given by Doublet, in his history 
 of that abbey, p. 343. From an ancient MS. Invent, of the treasury of Bayeux Cathe- 
 dral, it appears that three such talons were there preserved, and on solemn occasions 
 appended to the altar, as precious rarities. A ^^ come de griffoun'''' is mentioned in 
 the Kalend. of Exch. iii. 170". The egg was likewise preserved as a valuable curiosity, 
 and used as a goblet ; see the lists of the jewels and plate of Edw. III. 13o8, ib'id. 
 pp.171, 172. " Itt!in,j oef de griffon garnis d'argent, odpieet corercle." ThegrifFin 
 was assumed by the Le Despenser family, and the upper part ai)pears as the crest on 
 the helm of Hugh le Despenser, who died 1349, exhibited on his tomb at Tewkesbury. 
 Another strikingly designed representation of this curious animal is seen at Warwick, 
 at the feet of Richard Beauchamp, who died 1439. 
 
 •• R. Brunue uses this word in the sense of stern, or cruel. He says of Rufus, 
 
 " To riche men was he grille, of pouer held no tales." Langt. Chron. p. .02. 
 
 It is thus used by Chaucer. See also Amis and Amiloun, 1275, 1802 ; Towneley Myst. 
 p. 137 ; Covent. Myst. p. 230; Reliqu. Ant. ii. HJ6 ; Jamieson, v. Grylle. 
 
 "» " A gri|)e, griphes, vuKur." catii. ang. This obsolete appellation of the vulture 
 has been derived from Ang. -Sax. Sripa", rapere, but more probably from the Lat. 
 S""W», or the 1 "rcnch. " Grype, a beest, ey/v);^." i-alsg. It must, however, be ob-
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 213 
 
 or watur forowe (a grippull, p.)i 
 Aratiuticiila, cath. ug. in aro 
 {aquagium, K. aquarium, p.) 
 
 Grypyn. Comprimo, ritnolo, 
 CATH. (involo, p.)' 
 
 Grypyn'ge wythe ))e hande, or 
 o])er lyke. Constriciio, com- 
 pressio (striccio, p.) 
 
 Grysyl. Horridus, tevribilis. 
 Grystylle of the nose. Carti- 
 
 lago. 
 Grocere, marchawnte.^ Gros- 
 
 sarius, assecla, c.F. seplesarius. 
 (Grome, s. p.) Gromus. 
 Gromaly, herbe (gromely sede, 
 
 K. p.)^ Milium solis. 
 
 served that the grype and the griffon are frequently confounded. " Gripho, nomen 
 avis, a grype. Griphes iiel [/ripe, genus anhnalis, a grype. Vultur est avis mayna et 
 rapax : ut dicunt, de aere et non decoricubHu concipit, a grype." ortus. " Fuultour, 
 a vulture, geire, gripe, or grap ; a ravenous bird. Griffon, a gripe or griffon." cotg. 
 Holinshed says in the Hist, of the Conquest of Ireland, B. ii. c. 18, that the " griph or 
 geire is a kind of eagle, but such as is ravenous, and feedeth more vpon carren than 
 upon anie foule of his owne preieng ; and for his cowardnesse carieth neither the name 
 nor praise apperteining to the true eagle.'' The egg of the grype, frequently mentioned 
 as a rarity much valued, and used as a drinking-cup, is probably to be referred to the 
 fabulous animal, the griffon, and may have been merely the egg of the ostrich. Gower 
 relates that Albinus kept the skull of Gurmund, which was fashioned as a goblet, 
 " And polysshed was eke so clene, 
 That no sygne of the sculle was sene, 
 But, as it were, a grype's eye." Conf. Am. lib. i. 
 " Hem, un coupe fait d'un gripesei garnisez d'aryent endorrez, steant sur un pee de iij. 
 kenettes, et le coverkel enaymellez dedeinz et dehors ove ij. Veaetts, pois ij. Ib.vj.unc. di.''' 
 List of crown jewels, &c. delivered 1 Hen. IV. 1399. In the same inventory are named 
 sLx " hanaps," or drinking cups called " gryppeshey." Kalend. of Exch. iii. 319, 330. 
 In the will of William Gascoigne, Lord Chief Justice, dated 1419, is mentioned " ciphiis, 
 vocatus a gryp ey, ligatus cu?n aryeiito, et deaurato." Testam. Ebor. i. 393. In the 
 Invent, of Fountains Abbey, taken at the dissolution, and given by Burton, occurs the 
 item, " A grype schill, with a covering gilt, 27 oz.'' 
 
 ' " Aratiunctcla, fossa parva que instar sulci aratur.'^ oath. The term grype occurs 
 in an award, dated 1424, relating to the bounds of lands of the Prior of Bodmin, as 
 follows : " The bounde that comyth thurgh the doune — goyng don to another stone 
 stondynge of olde tyme in the bank of a grype, — and so the diche (called Kenediche) 
 and the gripe, &c." Men. Ang. new ed. from Harl. Cart. 57 A. 35. This word is still 
 used in Sussex, and many parts of England. In Norfolk, Forby states that a trench, 
 not amounting to a ditch, is called a grup ; if narrower still, a grip ; and if extremely 
 narrow, a gripple. See Ray, Brockett, Craven Dial, and Jamieson. A.-S. grep, sulcus. 
 
 2 The Winch. MS. agrees here in giving riniolo, a word not found in the Catholicon. 
 Involo is there rendered " in void ali'juid continere, a void quod est media pars manus.'' 
 
 3 Marchanwte, MS. The original meaning of the term grocer is defined iu the stat. 
 37 Edw. III. 13G3, respecting " Marchamitz nomez grossers," so called because they 
 " enyrossent totes maners des marchandises vendables," and kept them back in order to 
 sell at an improved price. Stat, of Realm, i. 379. In the following century they were 
 established as a distinct trade; seethe " Incorporatio Groceriorum Lond." Pat. 7 Hen. 
 VI. and another patent in tlie year following, "pro custod' mistene Groceries." Before 
 the early part of the XVIth cent, their dealings seem to have become limited to grocery, 
 as now understood: thus Palsgrave gives " grocer, yrossier, espicier." Heplassarius 
 is explained as meaning " negotiator, qui multa venundat." See Ducange. 
 
 * " Grumelle, milium, yramen solis.'' cath. ang. The common gromwell, or grey
 
 214 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Gronge, or grange, place. Gran- 
 gia (^granr.ia, p.) 
 
 Groyne of a swyne (grony, k. h.p. 
 groney, s. grony, or growynynge 
 lyke a swyne, harl. ms. 2274.)^ 
 Rostrum porcinum, scropha 
 porcina, kylw. 
 
 Grony, magry, i7ifra in M. 
 
 Gronyn', as seke menn. Gemo. 
 
 (Gronyyn, or grochyn, k. gronen 
 or grutchen, p. 3Iurmuyo.) 
 
 Gronyn', or grutchyn priuely, 
 quod dicitur (to byd, p.) ^e 
 dyvelys pater noster. Mucio, 
 CATH. musso, UG. in mugio. 
 
 Gronynge of seke menn. Ge- 
 
 mitus. 
 Groynynge of swyne (gronyinge, 
 
 p.)- Grunnitus. 
 Gronyynge, or grutchynge 
 
 (groching, k.) Murmur. 
 Gropyn', or felyn' wythe hande.^ 
 
 Palpo. 
 Gropynge. Palpacio. 
 (Gropys of corne, supra in 
 
 CRAPPE.)-^ 
 
 Groson, or grocyn' vp, or take 
 raony (grete, s.) thyngys to- 
 gedur (or take all, p.) Ingrosso. 
 
 GROTEofmony. Grossus. 
 
 millet, Lifhospernmm officinale, Linn, was formerly esteemed as a remedy for the stone, 
 and other diseases ; according to the observations of Gerard, Parkinson, Langham, and 
 similar writers. Tusser enumerates " gromwell seed, for the stone,'' among herbs 
 which ought to be found in the farmer's garden. See March's Abstract. See also a 
 treatise on tlie virtues of plants, written in XVth cent. Roy. MS. 18 A. VI. f. 76, b. 
 where the following description is given : " Granum solis ys an herbe hat me clepyj> 
 gromel, or lyhewale ; thys herbe hah leuys hat be euelong, and a lytyl white flour, 
 and he hah whyte seede ischape as a ston that me clepyh a margery perl.'' Cotgrave 
 gives " Grernil, ffrenil, the hearb gromill, grummell, or graymill, peare plant, liche- 
 wall ; " and lithosperrnum is thus rendered by Elyot : ''an herb which hath sedes 
 like stones, and groweth in corn, some do suppose it to be grummell.'' The word 
 is derived by Skinner " a granis, sc. lapideis, quae })ro seminibus habet, q.d. ffranile.^' 
 ' Chaucer says, in the Persone's Tale, that " the Proverbe of Solomon likeneth a 
 faire woman that is a fool of hire body, to a ring of gold that is worne in the groine of 
 a sowe." See also the Towneley Mysteries, )). 89. In Norfolk, according to Forby, 
 a hog's snout is called the grunny. Compare the Craven Glossary, v. Groon, and 
 Brockett, v. Groin. " Groyne of a swyne, groyng.'''' palsg. Skinner derives this word 
 from Fr. " Grohi de porceau, the snowt of a hog." cotg. Bp. Kennett gives " grun, 
 the upper lip of a beast, /ior. Island, gron, bovis labrum superius.^' Lansd. MS. 1033. 
 
 2 See the note on grunton', as swyne, hereafter. 
 
 3 " Palpo, i. manibus coiilrectare, to groope. Palpalis, gropeable.'' med. 
 
 " Thise curates ben so negligent, and slow 
 To gropen tendrely a conscience." Sompnoure's Tale. 
 
 " He gropeth unclenly (contractat) children and maydens." horm. " I grope a thyng 
 that I do nat se, or proue a thynge, ie taste. I grope, as one dothe the wall or place 
 whan he gothe darkelyng, ie vas it taston.'' palsg. " Tastonner, to feel, grope, touch, 
 handle, stroke. Fouilkr, to grope, search, feele all over." cotg. Thomas, in his 
 Italian Grammar, gives " tentone, gropyngly, ashe thatgoeth in the derke." Ang.-Sax. 
 gropian, palpare. 
 
 1 The word gropys is given as it is previously found in the MS. ; but the reading 
 is possibly corrupt. The Winchester MS. instead of crappe, or gropys, gives crap, 
 or crappis of corn'. " Acua, chafTe, or craps." med. ms. cant.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 215 
 
 Groton, or ingroton wythe mete 
 
 or drynke(grotyyn,or ingrotyyn, 
 
 K.) Ingurgito. 
 Grove, lytyl wode. Lucus, 
 
 c. F. 
 Gro WELLE, or grewelle,' Li- 
 
 gumen, puis, far inacium, c. f. 
 farratum, ug. in frango, 
 
 grumus, gruellum, comm. 
 Grovelynge, or grovelyngys, 
 
 adv? Supjnne (I'esupine, s.) 
 Grovelynge, nom. Suppinus 
 
 (^resupinus, s.) 
 Growyn', or waxyn'. Cresco, 
 
 CATH. orior, ug. 
 Growyn agyu. Seneo. 
 Growe blynde, or lame. 
 Growe ballyd. Calvesco. 
 Growe blake. Nigresco. 
 Growe bryghte, or clere. Cla- 
 
 resco. 
 
 Growe eld, idem quod growe 
 agyd, supra (growe olde, p.) 
 
 Growe GRENE,tWe/n^l<0(/GRENYN, 
 
 supra. 
 
 GrOWNE HARDE.//i(/Mre*CO,CATH. 
 
 Growe nesche. MoUesco. 
 Growe olde, as clothys or ojjer 
 
 thyngys lyke, jjat weryn' (weryt, 
 
 K.) Veterasco, cath. 
 Growe reede. Ruhesco. 
 Growe sowyr, or sowryn'. 
 
 Acesco. 
 Growe whyte. Alhesco. 
 Growe wood, or ma(d)de (wod, 
 
 K. woode, or madde, or oothe, s.) 
 
 Furesco. 
 Growe yonge. Juvenesco. 
 (Growe wylde, p. Indomesco.) 
 Growynge, or waxynge (or 
 
 spryngynge, infra.^ Crescencia. 
 Grownde.3 Ficndum. 
 
 1 " Puis est cibus ex aqud et farind f actus ; dicitur a pello, quia pellit infirmitatem, 
 y^w^'/ece, gruell or pappe." ortus. " Grewelle, ^wfc. Growelle, r<6J potage." cath. 
 ANG. " Grus, gruell, or water wherein any come is boiled, corne-broth. Orgee, barly 
 gruell." COTG. In Huloet's Dictionary the term is applied to food that is not farina- 
 ceous. " Grewell, Olus, pulmentum, zomas. Grewell, forcet, or stewed broth, offella, 
 offula. 
 
 2 In Norfolk and Suffolk the phrase " to lie grubblings," or with the face down- 
 wards, is still in use. See Forby and Moore ; see also Jamieson, v. Grufeling. " Gru- 
 felynge, supinus. To makegrufelynge, «?<pi«are." cath. ang. " Grouelyng, coucAe 
 « dens.^' PALSG. In theTowneley Mysteries, where Isaac, about to be sacrificed, quakes 
 for fear of the bright sword that was held over him, Abraham speaks thus : 
 
 " Therfor groflynges thou shalle be layde. 
 
 Then when I stryke thou shalle not see." p. 40. 
 
 Horman says that " a full stomacke is digest with watche, and slepynge grouelynge 
 (prond infaciem dormitione.)" Dr. Turner, in his Herbal, directs that date-stones 
 should be planted "groveling.'' In the Romance of Kyng Alis. the word " wombe- 
 lyng" occurs in a like signification, line 5647. Chaucer uses "groff" repeatedly in 
 the sense of prostrate. 
 
 ** And groff he fell all platte upon the ground." Prioresse's T. 13,G"05. 
 3 " A grunde, fundamentum, fundus, grunda, grundatorium." cath. ang. The 
 word ground has in the old writers the sense of the bottom of anything, as the deep or 
 abyss. Ang.-Sax. 5rund./MH<£«A'. Gower uses the expression "a groundless pit," and 
 in the Golden Legend it is related that seven devils were sent to burn the ship in which 
 the relics of St. Stephen were translated, " but the aungell of our Lorde plunged them
 
 216 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Grownde, or flore. Area. 
 
 Grownde of byggy(n)ge, or fun- 
 dament (of a byldyng, s.) J^un- 
 damentum, fundus, c. F. 
 
 GROWNYDyD(growndid, k. ground- 
 ed, p.) Fiindatus. 
 
 Growndyn', or sett a grownde. 
 Fundo. 
 
 Growyndyn' yn a mortere 
 (growndyn, K. s. grounden, p.) 
 Ti-itus, pinsus, CATH. jiiicttus, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Growndyn yn a mylle. Molitus, 
 
 mtiltus, CATH. 
 Growndesope of any lycoure 
 
 (growndynge soppis off lycure, 
 harl. MS. 2274, grownd sope, s. 
 grounsop, p.y Fex, sedimen. 
 
 Growpe, where beestys, as nete, 
 standyn (grovpe of netys stal, 
 K. groupe of a netys stall, h. p.)^ 
 Musitatorium, K yl w. hozetaria, 
 UG. V. (musatorium, k. h. 
 miissatorium, p. suffiisorium, s.) 
 
 G ROWPE,ynaboorde./nc«*^)"a^Mrrt. 
 
 Growpyd, as boordys, or ojjer 
 Jjyngys. Incastratus. 
 
 Growpyn' wythe an yryn, as gra- 
 ve wry s.^ Runco, CATH. in 
 runcina (^incasiro, k. p.) 
 
 (the devils) downe in to the grounde of the see." Hence it also signifies the lowest 
 part of a building, the foundation. Robert Brunne speaks of " he groundwalle hik '' of 
 Berwick Castle (Langt. Chron. p. 210.) ; and in the contract for building Fotheringhay 
 Church, A.D. 1435, the foundations are termed "the ground-werk." Mon. Ang. iii. 
 Sir John Maundevile gives the Greek inscription which was seen on the rock whereon 
 the cross of the Saviour had been set, thus rendered: " Quod vides est fundamenhim 
 (jSao'iy) totuisfidei hiijus nrnndi, that is to seye, that thou seest is ground of alle the 
 feythe of this world." p. 92. Palsgrave gives " grounde, the botome of a foundation of 
 any thyng, fondation.'" 
 
 1 " Grounde soppe in lycoure, pain trempe. Groundes, lyse of any lycour, /ie." 
 PALSG. The term appears to imply a sop or sippet, by which the dregs, still called 
 the grounds, may be soaked up. 
 
 ^ A grup or groop signifies in Norfolk a trench, narrower than a ditch, as has been 
 observed in the note on the word gryppe. In the North the term retains the signifi- 
 cation assigned to it above. See Brockett, Craven Glossary, and Jamieson. Bp. 
 Kennett likewise notes this use of the word : " groop, or grupe, a ditch or trench, es- 
 pecially that which runs across the length of the byer, or cow-house ; Bor." Lansd. 
 MS. 1033. Skinner suggests the derivation from Ang. -Sax. ^roepe, latrina, seals, 
 " Minsorium, a grope." ortus. " A grupe, winsorium."' oath. ang. Gouldman, 
 in his Dictionary, 1G64, gives " a groope in stables and houses, mint hor him, ^' from 
 " minihos, dung or ordure.'' elyot. MiV^o?, stercus. Ugucio gives the same expla- 
 nation which is found in the Catholicon, ^^ minsntorium, locus ad mitigendum, quod 
 recipit urinam.^' The reading of the Winchester MS. agrees with that of the Harl. 
 text, musitatorium, but the word appears to require correction. 
 
 3 " Runco, to grope. Runco, a gropere. Runcina, a wedehoke, and a gropynge 
 yrone." med. ms. cant. "Runcina est quoddam arlificium fabri lignarii gracile et 
 recurvum, quo cavantur tabule,ut una alteri connect atur ; Anyltce, a gryppynge yron." 
 ORTDS. " A grupynge yrene, runcina." oath. ang. This implement, which, as it 
 has been observed in the note on the word formowre, was probably similar to 
 what is now termed a gouge, called by Palsgrave " formour or grublyng yron ; '' and 
 used to form grooves or incisions. A ng.- Sax. grsep, s?/7c«*. Palsgrave gives the verb 
 " I growpe (Lydgate) scul])e, or suche as coulde graue, groupe, or carue : this word is 
 nat vsed in comen spetche."
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 217 
 
 Growpynge. Incastracio, c. f. 
 Grow(p)ynge or gravyngc yryn' 
 
 (growpinge yron, K. p.) Run- 
 
 cina, CATii. scrophina, catii. 
 Growte for ale.' Granomellum. 
 Grubbare in Jje erthe, or ojjer 
 
 thynggys (grovblare, ii. grow- 
 
 blar, p.) Fossor, confossor, fos- 
 
 satrix. 
 Grubbyn' yn the erthe. Fodico, 
 
 CATH. et c. F. 
 Grubynge (grublyng, ir. growb- 
 
 linge, p.) Confossio. 
 
 (Grubbynge yryn of gravowrys, 
 supra in formovvre, et in 
 grow(p)ynge yryn'.) 
 
 Grudgynge of sekenesse. Suh- 
 murmur, cath. 
 
 Grutchare (gruchar, k.) 3Iur- 
 murator, murimiratrix. 
 
 Grutchyd. Murmur atus. 
 
 Grotchynge. Murmur acio, mur- 
 mur, CATH. 
 
 Grutciion (gruchyn, K.)- Mur- 
 viuro. 
 
 Gruntare. Grxmnitor. 
 
 1 In the Ortus fl^rromeWwjw SinA granomellum are rendered "growte;" and idro- 
 mellum is explained thus : ' ' potus ex aqiid et melle, ^nijlice mede or growte.'' " Growte, 
 idromellum, agromelhim, acromellum, granomellum.'^ cath. ang. This term properly 
 implies ground malt, or the first infusion preparatory to brewing, which is thus distin- 
 guished in Harl. MS. 1002, f. 114. " Worte, siromelhtm, sed growte dices agromellum." 
 Ang.-Sax. ^rut, ybr, condimentum cerevisice. In medieval Latin it was called grutum, 
 or grudum ; see in Rokewode's Hist. Suff. pp. 31, 32, a document in which mention 
 occurs oi grudum ordei. In old French malt was called gru, or grust, according to 
 Roquefort ; but Palsgrave gives the word " grout that serueth to brewyng, in Fraunce 
 there is none vsed." G. de Bibelesworth, who wrote in the reign of Edw. I. gives a 
 curiousaccount of the mode of brewing, in which "grout'' occurs as a gloss on tiie word 
 " berzize," which is not found in the Glossaries, and may possibly be a barbarous com- 
 pound of bere, a drink, or ber, barley, and zithum, which, according to Borel, was the 
 Gaulish appellation of beer. The term grout is not used in the detailed account of 
 brewing given by Harrison in the description of England, B. ii. c. G, Holinsh. i. 1(39. In 
 the North, according to Coles, Ray, and the Craven Glossary, grout signifies wort of 
 the last running. Bp. Kennett gives the following note : " Grout, growt : in Leices- 
 shire the liquor with malt infused for ale and beer, before it is fully boiled, is called 
 grout, and before it is tunned up in the vessel, is called wyrt, or wort. A. -Sax. grut, 
 nova cervisia. They have in the West a thick sort of ale, which they call grout-ale, 
 and it is in most places a common proverb, as thick as growt. Kili^in, grauwt, condi- 
 mentum cerevisice." Lansd. MS. 1033. The term was not, perhaps, exclusively 
 confined to denote farinaceous mixtures for the purpose of brewing ; thus land in 
 Addington, Surrey, was held by the serjeanty of making in an earthen pot in the royal 
 kitchen, on the day of coronation, a mess called " diligrout,'' as stated by Blount, 
 in his Jocular Tenures, p. 50. In the Plac. Cor. 39 Hen. III. it is called " le mess 
 de gyron,''' or if compounded with fat, it was termed " maupigyrnun." 
 
 2 In the W'icliffite version the following use of this verb is found, Jos. x. 21 : " No 
 man was hardi to grucche (ej'er to make pryuy noise, mutire, Vulg.) ajcnus l>e sones of 
 Israel.'' Sir John Maundevile speaks of " the welle that Moyses made with his bond 
 in the desertes, whan tlie people grucched, for thei fowuden no thing to drynke." It 
 it said in the Golden Legend, that "when the herte is full of grace, hym oughte not 
 grutche by impacyence." In the Vision of Piers P. and Chaucer's works, the word 
 occurs frequently. " Fremeo, i. ynurmurare, to grudge. JMurmuro, to grutche. Su- 
 surrium dicitur murmuratio, a grutchynge." ortus. " To gruche, dedignari, mur- 
 
 CAMD. SOC. '1 F
 
 218 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Gruntynge. Griinnitus. 
 Grunton', as swyne.' Grunnio. 
 Grute, fylthe.2 Limus. 
 GuGAw/ idem quod flowte, 
 P3'pe, supra in F. ; et gign, 
 
 KYLW. 
 
 GuMME. Gumma, vel gummi, 
 CATH. ei c. F. et UG. in gidta. 
 
 (GuNNE, s.p.)'' Petraria, Dice, et 
 COMM. mangonale, kylw. mu- 
 rusculum, c. f. gunna, et idem, 
 estjictum (inagonale, p.) 
 
 murare, mussare, susurrare. A grucher, «?«s?<rro," &c. cath. ang. Palsgrave gives 
 the verb " I grutche, groudge, repyne, or murmure against a thyng ; ie yrommelle, &c. 
 I haue a greater thruste thaa I was wonte, as sycke folkes tliat be grutched of an axes. 
 I groudge, as one dothe y' hath a groudgyng of the axes, iefrilonne, and iefremis. I 
 groyne, I grutche, or murmure agaynst a thyng, iegrongne, ieffrommelle.^' Skinner would 
 seek a derivation from the French. " Gruger, to grudge, repine, mutter." cotg. 
 
 1 " Grunnio, to groone, as a sowe. Grunnittis, gronynge." med. ms. cant. Ang.- 
 Sax. j;runnan, grtinnire. Herman says that " swyne wode for loue groyneth (subant) 
 and let passe from them a poyson called aprine." Compare groynynge of swyne, 
 above. Palsgrave gives tbe verb " I grunte, as a horse dothe whan he is spored, or as 
 any beest dothe whan hecomplayneth, ie groigne, andte gronce, expressed in I grudge." 
 
 ■' GuRTE, MS. In all the other MSS. as likewise in the printed editions, the word 
 grut is given, which seems to be the correct reading, as appears also by its place in 
 alphabetical order. Ang. -Sax. Sreot, pulvis. 
 
 " The toun dykes on every syde, 
 They wer depe, and ful wyde. 
 Full of grut, no man myghte swymme." R, Coer de Lion, 4339. 
 
 3 Various etymologies have been proposed of the word gugaw, in its ordinary sense ; 
 " Crepundia, toyes or gugawesfor children, as rattels, clappers," &c. Junius, by Higins. 
 " lialiole, a trifle, whim-wham, gugaw, or smsdl toy for a child to play withall." cotg. 
 Skinner suggests Ang. -Sax. Jei^af, ntigce, or heawjas, sinmlachra, or the French word 
 joy ail, but gogne or //oyai/Ze seems more nearly to resemble it, and signifies, according to 
 Roquefort, " bagatelle, plaisanterie. Gogoyer, se rejouir,^^ &c. It would, however, 
 seem that the word is here given as synonymous with flute, and the inquiry suggests 
 itself whether it had originally denoted some musical instrument, and thence been used in 
 a more general signification. According to Roquefort there was a wind instrument called 
 gigue, and this statement corresponds with the observation of Ferrari, that giga, Ital. may 
 be derived from ylypas, a kind of flute. It is singular that, according to Brockett and 
 Jamieson, a Jew's harp is called in N. Britain a gewgaw, but in that instance, as like- 
 wise here, in the Promptorium, it seems probable that the terra is used merely in re- 
 ference to that witli which idle disport may be taken, like trifles in childhood. 
 
 •• '' A gunrie, fimdibalum, muruscuhim. A gunner, fundibalarius , Jundibalista.'^ 
 CATH. ANG. written A.D. 1483. The difficulty of ascertaining with precision the period 
 of the introduction of engines from which missiles were propelled by means of gunpowder, 
 arises chiefly from the circumstance, to which allusion is made by Selden, that the 
 term gun, supposed by Somner to be merely a contraction of mango, or mangona, may 
 have been used to denote some engine of war, long before the application of gunpowder 
 to such purpose. Mr. Douce observes that the earliest mention of " gonnes '' is 
 found in the Romance of Kyng Alisaundcr, line 3208 ; but in his note on that passage 
 he says that it must not be concluded that they were used with powder, as originally 
 they might have been engines of the catapult kind. Weber, Metr. Rom. iii. 30(). The 
 same remark applies to the account of the siege sustained by Kynge Aragus, who
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 219 
 
 GuNNARE, or he ]jat swagythe a 
 gunne. Petrarius, mangonalius. 
 
 Gurnard, fysshe. Gurnardus, 
 gallns marinuSf comm. 
 
 -" ordeyned hym ful well 
 
 With gonnes, and grete stones rounde 
 
 Were throwen downe to the grounde." Syr Tryamoure, 955, 
 
 In the Avowynge of Kyng Arther, a "gunne" is mentioned, the effect of which is 
 compared to lightning, but it is still doubtful whether the term should be understood 
 to imply a projectile impelled by any ignited substance, or merely filled therewith. 
 
 " There came fliand a gunne, 
 And lemet as the leuyn." St. 65, edit, by Mr. Robson. 
 
 It seems very probable that the missile here intended was a tube filled with Greek fire, 
 ox feu volant. In several MSS. of the Practica of John Arderne, a surgeon of emi- 
 nence t. Edw. III. instructions are found for compounding ^'■fewes Gregois" and 
 " f ewes volants : " the latter being a liquid mixture, described as of an oily nature, with 
 which a pipe being filled, and ignited by a match, would fly in any direction. A figure 
 is given in the margin. He proceeds to describe ^'/ewe ^planf'' of another kind. 
 " Pernez j. li. de soufre vif, de charhones de saux, (J. weloghe,) ij. IL, de salpetre, rj. It. 
 si les fetez hien et sotelment moudre sur un piers de marbre, puis bultez le poudre 
 parmy vn sotille couerchief. Vest poudre vault a gettere peloties defer, ou de plom, ou 
 dareyne, oue vn instrument qe Vein appelle gonne." See Sloane MSS. 335, 795. A 
 detailed account of passages in ancient documents or chronicles which throw light on 
 this obscure subject has been given by Sir S. Meyrick, in his Crit. Enquiry, and a paper 
 on the history of hand fire-arms, Archaeol. xxii. ; and likewise by Mr. Archibald, in 
 his description of ancient artillery discovered on the coast of Lancashire, Archaeol. 
 xxviii. It may here suffice to state that gunpowder was known in Western Europe 
 about the middle of the Xlllth cent. ; and that the earliest recorded instance of its use 
 in war, in this country, appears to have been in tlie first expedition of Edw. III. against 
 the Scots, in 1327, when artillery, termed by Barbour " crakys of wer," was employ^ed. 
 See Jamieson. There can be no doubt that Chaucer uses the term " gonne," to signify 
 an engine charged with gunpowder ; as in the following comparison : 
 
 " Swift as a pellet out of a gonne, 
 When fire is in the pouder ronne." House of Fame, B. iii. 
 
 The Household of Edw. III. as appears by the ordinances which commence 1344, printed 
 by the Ant. Soc, comprised " Ingynerslvij. Artellers vj. Gonners vj." Their daily pay in 
 time of war was 6d. The invention of hand fire-arms is assigned by Sir S. Meyrick, on 
 the authority of BUlius, to the Lucquese, in 1430 ; (Archaeol. xxii. 60) yet a prior use 
 of some weapons of the sort seems to be indicated. In an Inventory of the arms and 
 effects of Sir Simon Hurley, taken apparently after his execution, 1388, and now in the 
 possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps, among " petites c/ioses a Baynard Castell," is 
 named "j. petit gonue de feer." In the Pell Records, 1 Hen. IV. 1400, payments 
 appear for " quarell gunnes," at 7*. each ; for saltpetre, sulphur, and wadding ; and the 
 contemporary evidence of Monstrelet shews that " bastons a feu '' were among the arms 
 of the English sent to the relief of the siege of Orleans, in 1428. Hand-guns are named 
 among purchases for the defence of Holy Island, 1446 ; and were used at the siege of 
 Caistor, in Norfolk, about 1459. Paston Lett. iv. 316. In the version of Vegecius at- 
 tributed to Trevisa, and comi)leted 1408, in the account of military engines, allusion is 
 made to "grete gonnes that shete now a dales stones of so grete peyse that no walle 
 may with-stonde them ; as hathe be wele shewede bothe in the Northe cuntre, and eke 
 in the werres of Wales." B. iv. c. 22, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII.
 
 220 PROMPTORIUM I'ARVULORUM. 
 
 G UTTE, or tharme. Viscus, sumen. 
 Gutton'. Exentero. 
 
 Haburyone, or hawberk (habu- 
 rion, K. p. haburgyn, s. habu- 
 riune, harl. ms. 2274.)' Lo- 
 rica. 
 
 Hachet, or hakchyp. Securi- 
 
 Cula, CATH. 
 
 Haddok, fysche. Morius, kylw. 
 Hagas, puddynge (hakkys, pud- 
 
 dyngys, s. hageys, h.)^ Tu- 
 
 cetum, UG. in tundo. 
 Ha ye, net to catche conys wythe 
 
 * The term habergeon appears properly to be a diminutive of hawberk, although here 
 given as synonymous. Wace, in his Roman de Rou, written about 1160, describes the 
 Conqueror as armed, at the battle of Hastings, with a " boen haubert ; " but Odo, his 
 half-brother, Bishop of Bayeux, who could not decorously assume the complete military 
 equipment, and rode with a stafiF merely to stimulate the combatants, provided himself 
 with this partial defence. 
 
 " U}i haubergeon avoit vestu, 
 
 De sor une chemise blanche.^'' T. ii. 220, edit, by Pluquet. 
 
 The precept of Randolph III., Earl of Chester, to his barons, about the close of the 
 Xlllth cent, requires that their knights and free tenants should have " loricas, et hau- 
 lergella,-" and tlie ordinance of Hen. III. 12.52, " svper juratis ad arma,'^ directs 
 that every man, according to the rate of his land and chattels, should arm himself 
 either with the lorica, the haberyetum, called also in this document hanbercus, or the 
 perjmnctum. The stat. of Winchester, 13 Edw. I. 1285, makes the same distinction 
 between the hauberg\ haubei'y eon, d^xiA parpoint, to h& \x%eAhy the three classes re- 
 spectively, according to their assessment. Stat, of Realm, i. 97. From these authorities 
 it is evident that the habergeon was a defence of an inferior description to the hawberk ; 
 and when the introduction of plate armour in the reign of Edw. III. had supplied more 
 convenient and effectual defences for the legs and thighs, the long skirt of the hawberk 
 became superfluous ; from that period the habergeon alone seems to have been worn. 
 This, in its turn, being superseded by the cuirass, was reduced to the mere apron of 
 mail ; but at the time when the Promptorium was compiled, the expensive nature of 
 plate armour caused its use to be restricted, and combatants of the lower classes were 
 content to arm themselves with the brigandine, or the habergeon. The value of three 
 " hauburiounes,"' in 1374, was 13 marks : See Invent, of Edw. de Appelby, Sloane Cart, 
 xxxi. 2. Milan was celebrated for the manufacture of this defence : in a document dated 
 33 Hen. VI. relating to armour delivered out of the Tower, are mentioned " haberg'ons, 
 some of Meleyn, and some of Westewale," that is, probably, Westphalia, or the Wes- 
 terwald, where the iron-works of Solingen have long been in repute. Archseol. xvi, 125. 
 In tiie Inventory of Sir John Fiistolfe's armoury, 1459, are likewise found " iij. har- 
 buryones of I'Milayne." Archteol. xxi. 271. In the Wicliflfite version Goliath is said 
 to have had " a brasun basynet on his heed, and he was clohid wi^ an haburion hokid 
 (e^er mailid, loricd squamatd," Vulg.) " He shal cloj'e rijtfulnessc for an haburioun 
 {pro thorace, Vulg.) and he shal take certeyn doom for a basynet." Sapiens, v. 15. 
 " liilix, lorica (jne contex'itur duobus liciis accurmdatis, a hawbergion ; ita trilix. 
 Paiicerium est lorica, an liaberyon." ortus. "An haberion, lorica; hec t.rilex est 
 lorica ex trilms (liciis) confi.cta." cath. ang. " Haulbergyn of mayle, anlberyon, 
 Aaulberion.''' i'Alsg. See Ducange, v. Ilalslierga ; and Jamieson, v. Awbyrchovvne. 
 
 2 This dish, now considered as almost exclusively a Northern delicacy, seems to have 
 been anciently in more general esteem. A curious metrical recipe is found in the Liber 
 O/re coconn/i, i^\o-dne MS. Ifj^.fs f. 103, " Ornasus, i. tripa vel vetilriculus qui con- 
 line/ alia viscera, a try\H'., or 11 ]to(\ynge, or it. wcsaunt, or haggcs. Tncetum, hagas; 
 iuccterius, hagas maker." oiuus. " Haggas, a podyng, calietle de moulou.^' talsg.
 
 PROiMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 221 
 
 (hay net, p. hanet, w.)' Cassis, 
 
 c. F. 
 Hayyn' for conyys. Cassio, c. f. 
 
 in cassis. 
 Hayl. Granclo, 
 Haylyn'. Grandinat. 
 Hayryf, herbe (harryyf, s.)^ 
 
 Hubea, (*«c) vel rubia minor, 
 et major dicitur madyr. 
 
 Hayyr, or hayre.'' Cilicium. 
 
 Hayht, harry .-^ 
 
 Hakeney, horse. Bajulus, equi- 
 ferus. 
 
 Hakkyn'. Sectulo. 
 
 " Gogue, a sheep's paunch, and thence, a haggas made of good herbs, choptlard, spices, 
 eggs, and cheese." cotg. " Tucetum, a meate made with chopped fleshe, lyke to a gygot, 
 or alowe." elyot. See Jamieson, and Dr. Hunter's Culinafamulatrix Medicina. 
 
 1 Forby explains hay-net as signifying in Norfolk " a hedge net, a long low net, to 
 prevent liares or rabbits from escaping to covert, in or through hedges." See also 
 Moore. In a lease dated 1572, in the manor of Hawsted, Suffolk, the landlord reserves 
 the right of "hawking, haying," &c. that is, rabbit-netting. CuUum's Hawsted, p. 198. 
 " Haye, a net for connes, bourcettes a chasser." palsg. " Tendere plagas , to pytche 
 hayes, or nettes. Casse*, nets which may be called haies." ^lyot. " J'oz'/es, toils, or 
 a hay to inclose or intangle wild beasts in. Pan, a toyle or hay wherewith wild beasts are 
 caught." COTG. The word is doubtless derived from Ang. -Sax. haeg, or heje, 567;/?<»i. In 
 the edition of the Ortus in Mr. Wilbraham's library, clausurais rendered " a closse, or 
 a heye." Haye occurs elsewhere in the sense of an enclosure ; thus in the gloss on the 
 " liber twcatus equus,^' caWed in the Promptorium " Distigins,'' written by John de 
 Garlandia, occurs " Cimitermm, chyrche-haye." Harl. MS. 1002. In the Golden 
 Legend it is said, " he had — foule way thorugh hayes and hedges, woodes, stones, liylles 
 and valeys." f. 68, b. 
 
 - " Harife, rubium minor, herba est.'' oath. ang. The Galium aparine is called in 
 the North, according to Ray, " HarifF and catchweed, goose-grease;" according to 
 Parkinson it was reckoned by the old botanists as a kind of madder ; but he does not 
 give the name hayryf, which is probably derived from the asperity of its stalks. In 
 some places it is called hairough. Palsgrave gives " baylife, an herbe." 
 
 3 '^Cilicium, velamen factum de pilin capramm, A7iglice SLheere." ortus. "An 
 haire, cilicium." oath. ang. " Hayre for parfite men, hayre." palsg. 
 
 " Hastily \>t\ hent hem on hei^resse ful rowe, 
 Next here bare bodi, and bare fot J'ei went." 
 
 Will, and Werw. p. 172. 
 
 In the version of Vegecius is a description of the military engine called the " snayle or 
 yieViHQ (testudo) , a frame of goode tymber, shaped square, keuerede and hillede alle 
 a-boute wythe rawe hides, or with feltes, andheyres, for drede of brynnyng." Roy. MS. 
 18 A. XII. f. lOj. Among the trades, in the order of the pageants of the Play of 
 Corpus Christi, at York, 141.5, " hayresters " are mentioned. Drake, App. In the 
 Golden Legend the term hayre is of frequent occurrence, signifying a garment of morti- 
 fication. St. Thomas clothed himself with an " hard hey re, full of knottes, whiche 
 was his shcrte, and his breche was of the same." And again, during grievous pestilence, 
 " they couered the crosse and the auters with blyssed hayres; and thus we sholde take 
 on vs clothynge of penaunce." In medieval Latin a shaggy garment was termed haira, 
 according to Ducange. Ang.-Siix. ha3ra, cilicium. 
 
 4 Chaucer describes a cart that had stuck in a deep way, 
 
 " The carter smote, and cryde as he were wode, 
 
 Heit Scot ! Heit Brok ! what, spare ye for the nones ? " Frere's Tale. 
 
 In the Eastern counties, according to Forby and Moore, the ejaculation Hait-wo ! or
 
 222 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Hakkynge, or hewynge. Sectio. 
 Hake, fysche. Squilla, glossd 
 
 Merarii. 
 Hale, or tente.' J^apilio, scena, 
 
 CATH. et c. F. 
 Hale, or cyrcle a-bowte ]>e mone. 
 
 Halo, c. F. 
 Halle. Aula, atrium. 
 Half, or halfundele. Dimidius, 
 
 semis. 
 
 Half a buschel, or eytendele (half 
 or a bowndel, boshel, or ethyn- 
 del, s. or tynt, h. p.)^ Saturn, 
 CATH. UG. V. in S. 
 
 Half a ferthynge.^ Calcus, c. f. 
 et variatur q. cum cu (q. vel 
 qu, s.) 
 
 Haly, or be-hatyd.-* Exosus, 
 c. F. 
 
 Halyday (halliday, K.) Festi- 
 
 Height ! is now used only to turn a cart-horse to the left ; and Ree I is given by the 
 latter as a command which causes a movement to the right. Bp. Kennett gives " to 
 hite up and down, to run idly about, North ; Hiting, gadding abroad. Sax. yting, 
 yeregre. In Yorkshire for Gee oo, the carters say Hite and ret^. Height nor ree, 
 neither go nor drive, spoken of a wilful person." Lansd. MS. 1033. See Yorksh. Dial, 
 p. .'j8. Hayht is not found in any other MS. of the Promptorium. Harry appears to 
 be the imperative mood of the word haryyn', which occurs subsequently ; or possibly 
 the out-cry, haro, haroll. Both the ejaculations above given occur in the Towneley 
 Mystery of the death of Abel, p. 9, where Cain and his plough-boy are represented as 
 tilling the ground, and the latter cries to the horses, " Harrer, Morelle, iofurthe, hyte 1 '' 
 ' Among the effects of Hen. V. were " ij. tenies de hloy carde, Sfc. ovec j. porche, 
 etj. aley:' 1423, Rot. Pari, iv, 240. In a letter to Sir John Paston, 7 Hen. VII. it is 
 said respecting preparations for the expedition into France, " y'^' Kyng sendythe ordy- 
 naunce dayly to y'= see syde, and hys tents and alys be a makynge faste ; '' also that great 
 provision was made by the gentry, who were to accompany him, " for hors harnes, tentes, 
 halys, gardyuyens, carts," &c. Past. Lett. v. 412. Among the requisites provided for 
 the Earl of Northumberland, in the French campaign in 1513, at the siege of Therouenne, 
 are named " haylles, tents, and pauillions." Ant. Rep. iv. 3G4. See also Hall's Chron. 
 12 Hen. VIII. p. CIB, last edit. " Hale in a felde for men, tref. Hall, a long tent ia 
 a felde, tente." Elyot gives *' scena, a pauyllion, or haule." The hangings of a 
 chamber, as it has been observed in the note on the word dorcere, were termed ballings, 
 in Latin halcE, al<B, or aulcea. "An hallynge, auleum, anabairum.^' cath. ang. 
 
 2 Compare eyjtyndele, and tynte. Ray, 15p. Kennett, in liis Gloss. Coll. Lansd. 
 MS. 1033, and Grose mention another name for the same measure, in use in the North, 
 namely, " frundele, a measure of two pecks." As it is called ey3tyndele, because it is 
 the eighth part of a coom, so also furundel, or frundele, a corruption of furthindele, as 
 being the fourth part of a bushel. Ang. -Sax. feorSan, quartus. See Cowel's Interpr. 
 V, Furundellnn. The term "eytendele " occurs in the Hist. Eliensis, where it is re- 
 corded of Will, de Longchamp, Bp. of Ely, who died 1197, " ordinavit ut in die anni- 
 versarii siii dentur yanperiius xiij. cytendeles de frumento." Angl. Sacra, i. (J33. 
 
 3 " Halfe a fardynge, calcus, calculus, minulnm." cath. ang. See the notes on 
 the word cu. Sherwood, in his Eng. French Diet. 1032, gives " a cue, la nioitU d'un 
 fardin, mot use seiilement des escoliers d' Oxford." There is a proverbial saying of 
 
 contempt, " I would kick him for half a farthing ;" but the cue seems to have been as 
 imaginary as the bodle, of like supposed value, and in the North familiarly mentioned 
 as if it really existed. See Brockett, and the other North-country Glossarists. 
 
 ' Halo, halah, or healo, signifies in the Northern counties bashful, backward, or 
 fearful. Sec Brockett, Craven, and Hallamshire IJialccts. " Jlonteux, shamefuli, baslifull, 
 helo, modest," &c. cotg. Jamieson gives heily in the sense of proud, Ang.-Sax.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 223 
 
 vitas, vel dies Jestivalis, festale, 
 c. T.Jeria. 
 
 Halyn', or drawyn'. Traho. 
 
 Halynge, or drawynge. Tractus. 
 
 Halywater. Aqua benedicta. 
 
 Halywater berere. Aquabaju- 
 lus. 
 
 Haly water spryngelle, or 
 strencle (haliwatyr styk, k. h.)^ 
 Aspersorium, isopus, media pro- 
 diictd; isopus, media correptd, 
 Anglice ysope, herbe : unde 
 
 versus, Isopus est herba; Isopo 
 
 spargitur unda. 
 Halyvey, or bote a-5en sekenesse, 
 
 as treacle or ojier lyke (haliwey, 
 
 K.)^ Antidotum, cath. salu- 
 
 tiferum. 
 Halke, or hyrne.'' Angulus, la- 
 
 tibulum. 
 Halm, or stobyl (stopyll, p.)-* 
 
 Stipula. 
 Halow, schypmannys crye.^ Ce- 
 
 leuma, c. F. 
 
 healic, excelsus, and the verb to heally, to abandon, or forsake, which seems to approach 
 
 towards the signification of the word given above, be-hatyd. 
 
 1 See STRENKYL, hereafter. " Halywater sprincle, uespillon, aspergoyry palsg, 
 - In La3amon, Arthur says that he would go into Avalon, to Argante the fair, 
 
 *' for heo sculde mid haleweie 
 
 helen his wunden." Vol, ii. p. 546, Madden's edit. 
 
 Compare the corresponding passage, vol. iii. p. 144, where it is said that she should 
 make him all whole with " halewei3e drenchen." " Balsanms est arbor, Gall, haiimere ; 
 balmmu7n gummi est predicH arboris, Gall, baume, Ang. haliwey." SloaneMS. 5, f. 3. 
 " Balsamum, 1<(C. haliwhey." Arund. MS. 42, f. 93. See treacle hereafter. 
 
 ' This word seems to be taken from Ang.-Sax. heal, angulus, or, as Tyrwhitt pro- 
 poses, from hylca, sinus. It is used repeatedly by Chaucer. 
 
 " As yonge clerkys, that ben likerous 
 To reden artes that ben curious, 
 Seken in every halke and every heme 
 Particular sciences for to lerne." Frankel. Tale, v. 11,433. 
 
 * Bp. Kennett has the following note, Lansd. MS. 1033. " Haulm, straw left in an 
 esh, or gratten ; stubble, thatch. Sax. haelrae, culmus, calamus; Isl. halmur, palea." 
 Ray gives " haulm or helm, stubble gathered after the corn is inned." 
 
 5 " Ceteuma est clamor nauticus, vel cantus, vel heuylaw romylawe {ut heue and 
 howe, rombylow," edit. 1518.) ortus. In the MS. of the Medulla in the Editor's 
 possession, " heualow, rummylow." See Ritson's Dissert, on Anc. Songs, p. li. 
 
 " They rowede hard, and sungge ther too, 
 
 Withheuelow and rumbeloo." Rich. C. de Lion, 2521. 
 
 " Your mariners shall synge arowe. 
 
 Hey how and rumbylowe." Squyre of lowe degree. 
 
 It occurs likewise in Skelton's Bowge of Court ; Cocke Lorelle's bote, &c. This 
 cry appears not to have been exclusively nautical, for it forms the burden of a ballad 
 on the Battle of Bannocksburn, 1314, the alternate stanzas of which, as given in Caxton's 
 Chron. terminate thus, " with heuelogh — with rombilogh ; '' or, as in Fabyan, " with 
 heue a lowe — with rumbylow." "A cor et a erg, by might and maine,with heaueand hoe." 
 COTG. Hence seems to be derived the surname of Stephen Runinielowe, Constable of 
 Nottingham Castle, 45 Edw. 111. mentioned in Issue Roll of Exch. 1369. Compare 
 CRYE of schypmen, that ys clepyd hauc howe.
 
 224 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PAUVULORUM. 
 
 Halowyn', or cryyii' as scliypmen 
 
 (halowen with cry, p.) Celewino. 
 Halpeny, or halfpeny. Obolus, 
 
 stips. 
 Halpeny worthe, or hal(f)peny 
 
 worthe (halpworthe, K.) Obo- 
 
 litas, oblata (oboleitas, p.) 
 Hals, or halce, throte (hols, s.) 
 
 Gutiur. 
 Hals, or nekke.' Collum, am- 
 
 plexatorium. 
 Halsyn', or ben halsyd. Am- 
 
 plector, amplexor, cath. 
 Halsynge, or dallynge. Am- 
 
 plexus. 
 Halte, or crokyd.2 Claiidus. 
 Haltyn'. Claiidico. 
 Haltare. Claudicator, clau- 
 
 dicarius, cath. claudicaria. 
 
 Haltynge. Claudicacio, 
 Halwar of holy placys (halowar, 
 H. p.) Consecrutor, dedicator. 
 Halware of holydayes. Cele- 
 
 brator, celebratrix. 
 Halwyn' holydayys. Festivo, 
 
 festo, CATH. {celebro, p.) 
 Halwy'n' holy placys, or holy in- 
 
 strumentys. Con*(?cro {dedico, p.) 
 Halwynge of holy placys. Con- 
 
 secracio, dedicacio. 
 Halwynge of holydayes. Cele- 
 
 bracio. 
 Halvundel (halfundel, K. han- 
 
 dele, s. halucdell, p.)-' Dimi- 
 
 dium, medietas (^medium, P.) 
 Ha ME, thyn skynne of an eye, or 
 
 ojjerlyke (skynne of an hay, s.)"* 
 
 Membranula. 
 
 ' The noun liaise, the neck, and the verb to halse, to embrace, are used by most of 
 the early writers. See R. Brunne, Chaucer, the Vision of P. Ploughman, &c. Ang.- 
 Sax. hals, collum. " Amplexus, a clyppynge, or a halsynge." ortus. " An halsynge, 
 amplexus ; to ha.\se, amplexare. An hailsynge, satutacio ; to hailse, sa^M/ore." cath. 
 ANG. " Halsyng, accollce. I take one in myn armes, I halse him, i'embrasse. Halse 
 me aboute the necke, my sonne, and thou shalte haue a fygge, accollez moy, &c. I 
 haylse or greete, ie salue.^' palsg. The verb to hailse occurs in this sense of 
 saluting in the Vision of P. Ploughman, 4816, 4918. See Jamieson. 
 
 2 Compare crokyd, or crypylle, or lame, above, " Ilalte, cadax, claudns. To 
 halte, claudicare, varicare. An halter, clawlicarius ; dupUcarius, qui ex utrdque parte 
 claudicat." CATH. A^G. Instances of the use of the word "crokyd'' in the sense of 
 lame may be found in Syr Gowghter, line G73 ; Sir Tryamoure, line 228. So likewise 
 in the Wicliffite version " claudum" is rendered " crokid," Matt xviii. 8. 
 
 3 In the version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. it is said that " halfendele the 
 profites (dimidia pars) of the knyghtes sowde shulde be kept vnder the principalle 
 baner." B. ii. c. 19. In a ))etition from the Commons, 1442, it is said respecting the 
 ajjpropriation of a penalty, that " the halvyndele " should belong to the King, and the 
 other moiety to the party suing the offender. Rot. Pari. v. .')4. See al.so Awntyrs of 
 Arthure, 625 ; edit, by Mr. Robson ; Emare, 442 ; Voiage of Sir John Maundevile, 
 pp. 200, 219. Ang.-Sax. healf, dimidium, and dsel, pars. 
 
 * In the relation of the deception practised upon Olympias by Neptanabus, disguised 
 as Jupiter Ammon, it is said, 
 
 Neptanabus his charme hath y-nome, 
 And takith him haums of a dragon, 
 From his scholdron, to his liele adoun. 
 
 K. Alia. 385. 
 
 The credulous Queen having no suspicion of deceit, the magician leaps upon her couch,
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 225 
 
 Ham ME. Poplex. 
 
 Hamur (hambyr, s. hamowre, 
 
 HARL. MS. 2274.) Malleus, 
 
 martellus, c. F. 
 Han, or havyii'. Habeo, pos- 
 
 sideo. 
 Han, or have abhomi(n)acy6n'. 
 
 Abhominor, detestor. 
 HAN,or haue dysdeyne. Dedignor, 
 (Han in mynde, K. have one hi 
 
 mynde, s.) Recordor, memoror, 
 
 memini (^inemoro, commemoro, 
 
 s.) 
 Hande. 3Ianus. 
 Hand barow (handbarwe, k. s. 
 
 H.)' Epiredium, kylw. cath. 
 Hande brede.-' Palmus. 
 Handfulle. Manipidus, vola, 
 
 piigiUus. 
 Handyl of an instrument, what 
 
 so euer hyt be. 3Ianutentum. 
 
 Hande maydyn'. Ancilla. 
 Handlyn', or gropyfi'. Palpo, 
 
 mamctiYccto. 
 Handsum, or esy to bond werke 
 
 (esy to ban hand werke, s. 
 
 hansum, p.) 31anualis. 
 Hand tablys (bandtabyle, s.)-^ 
 
 Pugillaris, CATH. diptica,CATH. 
 
 et UG. in dico. 
 Hand lyme (hand wyrme, s.)^ 
 
 Ciro. 
 Hange manne. Furcillator, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Hangement (orhongTiient, h arl. 
 
 MS. 2274.) Suspendium, sus- 
 
 pencio. 
 Hangyn', by the selfe. Pendeo, 
 
 cath. 
 Hangyn' a thynge on a walle, or 
 
 other lyke. Pendo, suspendo, 
 
 appendo. 
 
 and throws aside " his dra^oun's hame." Ang.-Sax. hama, c?<//s. " Induvie, sXoghes, 
 or the homes of adders." med. ms. cant. Compare flake, above ; where the King's 
 Coll. MS. adds the synonym hame. Eye signifies here an egg. See ey, ovum. 
 
 1 Epirhedinm is in the Ortus explained to be "a whele barowe, or a rounge ; '' but 
 the vehicle here intended is without wheels, and is stiU used in many parts of England. 
 Tusser includes both hand-barrow and wheel-barrow among the husbandly furniture, as 
 detailed in September's husbandry. Among the quaint riddles entitled "the Demaundes 
 Joyous," W. de Worde, 1.511, is this " Demaunde. Whan antecryst is come in to this 
 worlde, what thynge shall be hardest to hymto knowe ? R. Ahande-barowe, for of that 
 he shall not knowe whiche ende shall goo before." " Hande barowe, ciuiere.''' palsg. 
 
 " The substantive brede of measure has occurred already. Ang.-Sax. breed, lati- 
 tudo. Compare wyyd, large yn brede. " Brede or squarenesse, croisure.'" palsg. 
 
 3 " Pinar, a hand table." med. MS. cant. Pugillaris is explained in tlie Ortus to 
 be " tabula maniialis. Pina.r, i. pngillaris, ephimeris, tabula manualin ex pind facta.'''' 
 Tablets, according to the present term, were formerly called a pair of tables, being 
 formed like a diptych of two folding leaves ; by the Rlglemens sur les arts de Paris, 
 t. Louis IX. 1254, it ajipears that they were usually of wood. It is there enjoined that 
 " ecus qui font tables a escrire'' shall not make them of mixed materials, that is, tables 
 " de quoi li un fuelles soit de buis, ct It autre de fanne ; ni mettre arec buis autre 
 maniere de fust, qui ne soil plus chier que huis, c^est a savoir, cadre benus, brisil, et 
 cipres." Documens Inedits, ed. Depping, p. 173. " Payre of writyng tables, tablettes." 
 palsg. 
 
 •• " Hande worme, c'lron."' palsg. Nicot explains it to be a little worm " etigendrS 
 d'humeur acre et advste en diuers endroits de la personiie, mais plus comtnunhnenf is 
 mains, qui range etfait demauger ou il est concrie ; creredo, acarus,^' &c. See Cotgrave. 
 CAMD. SOC. 2 G
 
 226 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Hangvn', or don' the offyce of an 
 hangmann. Furcillo, suspendo, 
 
 CATII. 
 
 Hangyxge. Suspencio. 
 Haxgynge of an halle. Atdeuin. 
 Hangynge of a chyrctie. Pe- 
 
 tasma. 
 Hangynge of an halle, or tente. 
 
 Velarium, UG. v. in A. 
 Hanypere (hamper, k.)' Ca- 
 
 nistriim, cartaUus, catii. 
 Hansale.- Strena, cath. 
 Happe. Fortuna, evenhis, casus, 
 
 omen, c. v. 
 Happe of good spede. Eufor- 
 
 tunium, cath. 
 
 Happe of badde spede (happy or 
 
 bare sped, p.) I)isfortunium. 
 Happy. Fortunatus. 
 Happy, in goodnesse. Felix, 
 
 prosper, faustus, c.F. e^ CATH. 
 Happyly (haply, harl. ms. 
 
 2274.) Forte, forsan,fortuitu, 
 
 Jbrtassis, fortasse. 
 Happyn', or betvdvn". Contins^it, 
 
 CATH. evenit. 
 Happe weel (happyn wel, k.) 
 
 Prosperor, fortuno, eufortuno. 
 Happyn, or betydyii' amysse, 
 
 Disfortuno, in fortuno. 
 (Happyx, or whappyn' yn clojjys, 
 
 infra in lappyn.)^ 
 
 ' " Copliiniis, hamper." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. " Calatiis, a basket, or a hamper, 
 or a panyer." ortus. CartaUus is explained in the Catholicon to be the same as 
 fisce.lla. Compare FYSciiELLE, above. " Hamper, ;;an?>/', closier, escrayn." palsg. 
 " Banne, benne, a maund, hamper, flasket, or great banket. Calathe, a basket, pannier, 
 or hamper of osiers." cotg. The term has been supposed to be a corruption of hand- 
 panier, but, as Ducange observes, v. Hana])erium, it seems to have denoted a large vessel, 
 or place for storing up goblets, hanapi, Ang.-Sax. hnreppa, calix. The hanaper office in 
 the Court of Chancery derives its name from the hanaperiuin, a large basket wherein writs 
 were deposited. Among places of deposit, in which instruments were stored away in the 
 Exchequer Treasury, are named " hanaperla de virgis — oftwyggys." Sir F. Palgrave 
 has given a representation of one, date 3 Rich. II. 1380. Kalend. of Exch, i, pi. ii. 
 See also payments to the keeper '' hanaper ii cancellar' pro hanaper io liyneo emp' pro 
 lit. pat. imjionendis ; " and for the horse that carried it. Lib. Card. 28 Edw. I. p. 359. 
 
 - " Arral/o, i. vadimo7iiuni, nn hnnsiiW ; et propria dicHtir bona arra. Pars arrabo 
 renif. precii, dnm res bona venit, i. vendnntur. Strena est bona sors, Anr/licehansell.^'' 
 ORTUS. " A hanselle, arabo, strena ; to hanselle, strenare, arrare. Eris, arabo, arra, 
 8fC. ubi hanselle. To yife erls, arrare.^' cath. ang. " Hansell, estrayne I hansell 
 one, I gyue him money in a mornyng for suche wares as he selleth, ieestrene,'' palsg. 
 " Esireine, handselled, that hath the handsell or first use of.'' cotg. Ang.-Sax. hand- 
 selen, mancijiatio. It implies generally a delivery in hand, an earnest, the first use of 
 a possession ; and likewise a reward or bribe, as in \'is. of P. Ploughman, 3128 ; and 
 the Poem on the deposition of Rich. II. edit, by jNIr, Wright, p. 30. Sir ¥. Madden 
 explains " honde-selle '' to mean a gift conferred at a particular season. Gawayn and 
 the Grene Kny3t, 60". " Hansell, or a newe yeares gifte, strena.^' huloet. 
 
 ' Forby gives the verb to hap, to wrap up, happing, a covering, and ha])-harlot, a 
 coarse coverlit. Ang.-Sax. hapian, cumulare. The last word is used by Harrison, in 
 a passage which has been cited above, in the note on daggysweyne. See also Huloet, 
 Baret's Alvearie, and Skinner. The verb occurs in King Edward and the Shepherd. 
 " The schepherd keppid his staf ful warme, 
 
 And happid it euer undiir his harme." Hartshorne's Metr. Tales, 71. 
 
 John Paston writes as follows: " I pray yow ye woU send me liedir ij. ehie of worsted 
 for dobletts, to happe rne thys colde wynter." Past. Lett. iv. 01.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 227 
 
 (Happynge, or hyllynge, infra in 
 
 WAPPYNGE.) 
 
 Hararows, or sterne (haraiowus, 
 
 K. haraiows, s. haraious, n. p.)^ 
 
 Austerus, rigidus. 
 Haras of horse.- Eqidcium. 
 Harde yn knowynge, or wark- 
 
 ynge. Difficilis. 
 Harde yn towchjnge, or felythe 
 
 {sic, felynge, s.) Durus. 
 Hardy. Audax. 
 Hardyly'. Andacter. 
 Hardyn', or growyn' harde. 
 
 Dureo, induresco. 
 Hardyn', or make harde. Induro. 
 Hardynesse. Audacia. 
 
 Hardenesse of kno\vy(n)ge, or 
 dede doynge (hardynes of know- 
 ynge of dede, or other thynge, 
 p.) Difficultas. 
 
 Hardxes in towchynge. Duriciea. 
 
 Harde demare, or domys mann 
 wythe-owte mercy (harde, with- 
 oute mercy, p.) Severus, c. f. 
 
 Harde sett (or obstynat, p.) yu 
 wyckydnesse, jjat neuer wylle 
 chawnge. Ohstinatus, pertinax. 
 
 Hare, beeste. Lepus. 
 
 Haryyx', or drawyn'."* Trahicio, 
 pertraho ( protraho, s. traho, 
 ti^dcio, p.) 
 
 Harlotte.'* Scurrus. 
 
 1 ^' Atrox, cruelle or bavyous. Immanis, haraious, grete, cruelle, or dredefulle." 
 MED. MS. CAXT. " Harageus or gret." Editor's MS. Compare the verb haryyx'. 
 
 2 " Equiricia, a harasse of horse." med. ms. cant. " An haras of horse, equaricia, 
 equicium." cath. ang. See DncSiXige, v. Ha7'acium. " Haras, a race; horses and 
 mares kept only for breed." cotg. In the liber vocatus femina, MS. Coll. Trin. 
 Cant. B. 14, 39, under the title of assemblies of beasts, it is said, " Haraz dit homme dez 
 poleynez. Haras sey)> man of coltys." In the Coventry Mystery of the Nativity, a 
 citizen of Bethlehem directs Joseph and Mary in these words : 
 
 " 3ondyr is an hous of haras that stant be the way, 
 Amonge the bestys herboryd may je be." p. 14". 
 
 3 To harry or harr, to drag by force, is a verb frequently used by the early writers, 
 and still used in the North. Hampole says in the Prick of Conscience, 
 
 " And deuylles salle harre hyni vp evene 
 
 In the ayre als he sulde stegh to heuene.'' Harl. MS. 6923, f. 62. 
 
 See Towneley Myst. p. 247. Fabyan says, in his relation of the murder of Bp. Sta- 
 pylton, 1325, " the corps of y'= sayde bysshop, with hys ij. servauntes, were haryed to 
 Thamys syde, where the sayd bysshop bad begonne to edyfye a toure,'' &c. Part. vii. 
 The following passage occurs in Golding's version of Beza's book of Christian ques- 
 tions, 1572 ; " Whereas the same (the will) ought to be ruled by reason, as by a wagon- 
 guider ; yet, notwithstanding, how often doth it harie him headlong awaye ? " Pals- 
 grave gives the verb, " I barye, or mysse entreate, or bale one, ie harie. Why do you 
 harye the poore fellowe on this facyon ? I harry, or carry by force, ie trayne, and ie 
 hercelle. He haryeth hyni aboute, as if he were a traytour." Ang.-Sax. herjian, 
 vastare. Forby gives harriage, signifying confusion. 
 
 •» This term did not originally denote a dissolute woman, but a low fellow, a buffoon, 
 a varlet. See Sir Cleges, line 349 ; Ywaine and Gawin, line 2404 ; Chaucer, and the 
 Vis. of P. Ploughman. Fox speaks of a company of sectarians who were named harlots, 
 in the reign of Hen. III. Acts and Mon. i. 305 ; Lambarde's Peramb. of Kent, 178. 
 " Gerro, a tryfelour, or a harlott." med. ms. cant. " An harlott, bulator, rtisticus, 
 gerro, mima, joculator , pantomima, pnrasitaster, ?tis/ri.r, nugator, scurnUns, manducus. 
 An harlottry, lecacitas, inurhaniias, \c. To do harlottry, ncurrari." catu. ang.
 
 228 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Harme. Dampnum., detrimen- 
 
 tum, dispendium. 
 Harmles. Indempnis. 
 Harm YD. Dampnificatus. 
 HaRiMYn'. Dampnijico. 
 Harneys, or rayment. Para- 
 
 mentztin. 
 Harneys, wepyne. Arma,plur. 
 Harneys, or hustylraent (instru- 
 
 mentys longynge to howsolde, 
 
 K.) Utensile. 
 Harneys for hors. Falere, plur. 
 Harneysyn', or a-rayyn' wythe 
 
 harneys and wepyne (harneysyn 
 
 or armyn, p.) Armo. 
 Harpe. Cithara, lira. 
 Harfyn'. Cithm'iso. 
 Harp stryngys. Fidis, c. f. 
 Harpowre. Citharista, citha- 
 
 reda, liricen, Jidicen, dico. 
 
 Harske, or haske, as sundry 
 frutys (hars, or harske, p.)* 
 Stipticus, poriticus. 
 
 Harowe (harvve, k.) Erpica, 
 CATH. et kylw. traha, c. f. et 
 BRIT. ; et traho (sic) Anglice a 
 slede. 
 
 Harwyn'. Erpico, CATH. 
 
 Hasarde, play. Aleatura. 
 
 Hasarde (sic, s. p.) or hasar- 
 dowre. Aleator, UG. v. aleo, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Hassok.2 Ulphus. 
 
 H A A s T E. Festin en cia, festinacio. 
 
 Haste, yn sodente (hayste, or so- 
 
 dayne, s.)-'* Impetus, 
 Hasty. Festinus, impetuosns, 
 
 preceps. 
 Hastybere, corne (hastybyi*, s.)"* 
 
 Trimensis, c. f. 
 
 1 The Campanula trachelium, Linn, is called by Parkinson throat-wort or haske- 
 Vfort. Skinner gives Hask-wort, Trachelium, forte a sapor c atistero. Compare Dan. 
 Sw. and Dutch, harsk, rank, or rusty. Haskard, coarse or unpolished, appears to be 
 hence derived. Horman says that '' Homer declarying a very folysshe, and an haskard 
 felowe {ignavum) under the person of Tliersyte, sayth that he was streyte in the shul- 
 ders, and copheeded lyke a gygge." Harsh is sometimes written harrish ; thus Dr. 
 Turner, in his Herbal, 1662, says that " dates, if they be eaten, they ar good for the 
 harrishenes, or roujjhnes of the throte ; " and of plums, " they that ar litle ones, and 
 harde, and harrish tarte, ar sterk noughts." " Sorbuin, an harryshe peare." elyot. 
 
 - " Ulp/iiis, hassok." mkd. Forby states that, in Norfolk, coarse grass, which grows 
 in rank tufts on boggy ground, is termed hassock. In tlie foundation charter of Saw- 
 trey Abbey, A.D. 1147, Simon, Earl of Northampton grants certain lands adjoining 
 Whittlesea mere, the boundaries being minutely described : in one place the limit is 
 defined to be " itidirecte per transver.sum marisci, usfjue ad tercium hassooim a firmd 
 terrd inter mariscitm et JIif/f/eneiaiii." The cartulary of Ramsey supplies a repetition 
 of this statement, contained in the attestation of Alex. Maufe regarding the dis])uted 
 limits of the donation made by the l.'arl, iiis lord ; in this document the Latinised word 
 hassocus twice occurs. " Paxtores vero 7i(,s/ri super exteriores hassocos versus Walton 
 inter prat am et mariscnm del/ent stare, et animalia sua usque ad pedes suos ventre per- 
 mittere.^' Mon. Angl. orig. ed. t. i. j)]). 850, 852, 853. Ducange, not being acquainted 
 with the locality, interprets the word as denoting the kind of stone called tufa. In an 
 account relating to the castle of Guysnes, in 14G5, among the miscell. records of the 
 Queen's Reraemb. a statement appears as to the clearing away of " cirparum ac arun- 
 dinum, segges, soddes e( hassokes," which grew to the obstruction of a certain mill- 
 course. The word is still used in N. Britain. See Jamieson. 
 
 3 Haste, yn sodence, ms. Compare sodeynte, hereafter. 
 
 * PoLBEKE is given hereafter as another name of a kind of barley (Ang.-Sax. here,
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 229 
 
 Hastyly. Festinanter. 
 Hastyly, smertly- Impetuose, 
 
 precipitanter. 
 Hastyn', or hyyfi'. Festino, ac- 
 
 celero. 
 Hastyn', or liyyn' yn goynge. 
 
 Propero. 
 HASTYNESSE,zc?^m quod haaste, 
 
 supra. 
 Hastlere, J)at rostythe mete 
 
 (or roostare, iyifra.y Assator, 
 
 assarius, kylw. assaria, as- 
 
 satru'. 
 
 Hatte, hed hillynge. Capellum, 
 
 c. F. vel capellus, cath. 
 Hatte of strawe. Capedulvm, 
 
 UG. V. in C. 
 Hatare, or he J)at hatythe. Osor, 
 
 c. F. 
 Hate. Odium. 
 Hatyn'. Odio. 
 Hatyr, rent clothe (hatere, K. 
 
 hatere, or hatyr, h. p.)- Scru- 
 
 tum, pannucia, c. f. 
 Haterede, idem quod hate, 
 
 (hateryd, idem quod debate, s.) 
 
 hordeum) termed hasty from its being early, and coming to maturity in the third month 
 after it is sown. Gerarde refers the name IVimestre to the Amil-corn, or starch-corn, 
 Tritieum amyleuni, cultivated iu Germany and the Low Countries to make starch ; but 
 according to Parkinson tlie grain here alluded to appears to be the naked barley, Hordeum 
 vernum, which, as he observes, " is not scene or sowne by any almost in this land," called 
 in Germany Zeytgerste, or Titgerste, small barley, or " one for the present." It appears, 
 however, that in Tusser's time the early variety was cultivated in the Eastern counties. 
 
 " Sow barley in March, in April, and May, 
 The latter in sand, and the sooner in clay." March's husbandry. 
 
 * The enumeration of the household of Hen. II. in the Constit. domus Regis, Liber 
 niger Scacc. Hearne, i. 348, comprises " De magna coquind — hosV {osfinrius /) haste- 
 larice,'^ his three men, and the " hastalaritis." The latter seems to be the same as the 
 " hastaio?-,'^ named in the ordinance for the household of Louis XI. 1261, called in 
 French hauteur. See Ducange. Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Essex, among the 
 household servants named in his will, 1361, as " potager, ferour, barber, ewer," &c. 
 mentions " Will, de Barton, hastiler." Roy. Wills, p. 52. Intheiiier cure cocorum, 
 the author thus states the intention of his treatise. 
 
 " Fyrst to 30U I wylle schawe 
 \>o poyntes of cure al by rawe ; 
 Of potage, hastery, and bakun mete, 
 And petecure I nylle for3ete." Sloane MS. 1986, f. 47. 
 The chapter " de cibis assatis, of rostyd mete," comprises a singular dish, termed 
 " hasteletes on fysshe day," consisting of figs, raisins, dates, and almonds, transfixed 
 on a " broche of irne," and roasted ; f. 86, b. Compare Forme of Cury, j). 8. Among 
 the domestic officers of the Earl of Northumberland, loll, was a " yonian cooke for 
 the mouth, who doith hourely attend in the kitching at the haistry for roisting of meat." 
 Ant. Rep. iv. 244. Bp. Percy states that in Shropshire the fireplace is called haister ; 
 and, according to Mr. Hartshorne, an hastener, or hasteler, is a kind of screen lined 
 ■with tin, used for reflecting the heat in roasting. See Salopia .Ant. The derivation is 
 evidently from hasta. " Haste, a spit or broach." cotg. Compare roostare, or 
 hastelere, hereafter. 
 
 2 In the curious song on the Man in the Moon, printed by Ritson, it is said, 
 
 " When l>e forst freseb muche chele he byd, 
 
 be homes bet> kene, is hattren to tereb." Anc. Songs, p. 36.
 
 230 
 
 PROMPTORIUAf PARVULORUM. 
 
 Haue, supra in han. 
 
 Have abhominacyon', and have 
 
 disdeyne, supra in han.) 
 (Havyn in mende, k. or han m 
 
 mynde, supra. Recordor, me- 
 
 moro, memini.) 
 Haue ynvye. Invideo. 
 Have leysere. Vaco. 
 Have mercy. Misereor. 
 Have yn possessyon'. Possideo. 
 Have levyr (have leuer, k. p.)' 
 
 Malo. 
 Have pyte, or ruthe. Compacior. 
 (Haue suspeckte, k. ii. p. Sus- 
 
 picio, CATH. suspecto, cath.) 
 
 Ha we, frute. Cinum, cornum, 
 
 c. F. 7'amnum, cath. 
 Haw^e thorne. Ramnus, cath. 
 
 cinus, cornus. 
 Havene. Partus, hostium, cath. 
 Havene kepare, or gouernare. 
 
 Portunus, c. f. 
 (Hawberk, supra in habu- 
 
 RYONE.) 
 
 Hawke. Falco. 
 Hawkynge. Falconattis. 
 Hav^^ncyn', or heynyn' (hawtyn, 
 
 K. hawnsyn or yn heyyn, s. 
 
 hawten, or heithjTi vp, p.)^ 
 
 Exalto, elevo, sublevo. 
 
 When Philip Augustus fell into the river, in consequence of the breaking of the bridge 
 of Gisors, Marcadeus, a captain in the host of King Richard, according to Langtoft's 
 account, derided him thus ; 
 
 " Sir Kyng rise vp and skip, for Jjou has wette \>i hater, 
 J>ou fisshes not worh>e a leke, rise and go thi ways, 
 For |?ou has wette )>i breke, schent is J^i hernays." R- Brunne, p. 204. 
 
 So likewise in the Romance of Kyng Alisaunder, the word signifies garments, attire : 
 see lines 4264, 7054 ; and the Brahmins are said to live in austere penance, " thinne- 
 lich y-hatered," line 5922. Ang.-Sax. hxttvo, vestitus. In the Vision of P. Plough- 
 man, Haukyn makes the following excuses for his soiled garment. 
 
 " I have but oon hool hater, quod Haukyn ; 
 I am the lasse to blame, 
 Though it be soiled and selde clene : 
 I slepe therinne o nyghtes." line 8900. 
 
 In line 9758, the word *•' haterynge " occurs in the sense of clothing. The explanation, 
 however, given in the Promptorium, may suggest the comparison of the word with the 
 verb, still used in Norfolk, to hatter, or exhaust by fatigue. See Bp. Kennett's Gloss. 
 Coll. Lansd. MS. 1033. " To hatter, to expose to danger, to weary out, or wear out, 
 as a horse by too much riding, or any utensil by too much lending is battered about : 
 Kent. Isl. hxtinr, per iculonus.^' 
 
 1 " 1 haue leuer, Vayme niyeulx, i'aiplus chier. Many men had leuer se a play, than 
 to here a masse." palsg. This word is used very commonly by the old writers. Ang.- 
 Sax. leof, cams, yrutus, coinp. leofra. See lekk, and dere. 
 
 ■2 This verb occurs commonly in a composite form, to en-hance, or in-hance, as in 
 the Vision of P. Ploughm. the Wicliffite version, and Chaucer. The lintel of a door is 
 termed, from its position, the haunce. " Limen signifieth not only the thrashold of a 
 doore, but also the haunse. Superciliutn, the liaunse wliyche is ouer the doore. Hy- 
 perthyron, transumpte, or haunce." klyot. In the Nomenclator of Junius, translated by 
 Iligins, a distinction is made between the Vitruvian terms hyperthyrum, and supercilium,
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 231 
 
 Hawntare. Frequentator,fre- 
 quentatrLv. 
 
 Hawntyn', or ofte vsyn'. Fre- 
 quento. 
 
 Hawntynge. Frequentacio. 
 
 Hawntyngly', or ofte. Fre- 
 quenter. 
 
 Havure, or havynge of catel, or 
 o|jer goodys (havour, or werdly 
 good, K. havre, or hawynge of 
 catel, s. hauyre, or worldly 
 
 good, HARL. MS. 2274.)' Ave- 
 
 num. 
 
 He, or he jjat. Ille, ipse. 
 
 He, thys. Iste, hie. 
 
 Hec, hek, or hetche, or a dore 
 (hecche, k. heke, or hech, s.)^ 
 Antica, CATH.et c. F.ei UG. in an. 
 
 Heed. Caput. 
 
 Hedare, or hefdare (hedare, or 
 hedere, s. hevedare, h. behedar, 
 p.)^ Decapitator, lictor. 
 
 Hedyn', or hefedyn' (hevedyn, k. 
 K. behedyn, p.) Decapito, de- 
 collo (trunco, detrunco, p.) 
 
 Heed borow (hedborwe, k. h. 
 heed broth, s.)-* Plegius ca- 
 pitalis. 
 
 the former being rendered " the transara, or lintell," the latter " the hanse of a door." 
 Cotgrave gives " contrefrontail, the brow peece, or upmostpost of a doore, a haunse, or 
 breast summer." At first sight it may appear doubtful whether heynyn or heyuyn (to 
 heave) be the true reading ; but by considering the position in the alphabetical arrange- 
 ment of the word heynynge, subsequently, the former appears to be correct. Compare 
 Ang.-Sax. hean, evehere. Heithyn may be perhaps traced to Ang.-Sax. hea^o, culmen. 
 In the version of Vegecius, B. iv. c. 19, it is said that the city wall, when a bastile or 
 *' somer castel " is brought against it, should be " enhaunsed " and made higher, and 
 describes the means to be adopted by the assailants " ayenst this highething" of the 
 wall. Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. " I haythe, I lyfte on heythe, le haulce. Hayth this tester 
 {haulcez ce del) a lytell. I heyghten, I set vp a heythe, ie exalse. This balke (tref) is 
 heythened two foote." palsg. 
 
 > In the Romance of Coer de Lion, Tancred says to King Richard that he had heard 
 
 " That thou art comme, with gret power. 
 
 Me to bereve my landes hower." line 1714. 
 
 Weber interprets the word as meaning hire, possession {rythmi (/rafid.) " Havoir " 
 occurs in Chaucer's Rom. of the Rose, line 4720, in the signification of wealth, avoir. 
 Sir John Maundevile, describing the good dispositions of the folk of the Isle of Brag- 
 man, says that they are neither covetous nor envious, " and thei ^ive no charge of 
 aveer, ne of ricchesse : " p. 854, In the regulations for the government of Prince 
 Edward, son of Edw. IV. 1474, is tiiis clause : " We wyll that the hall be ordynately 
 served, and strangers served and cherished accordinge to their haveures." Househ. 
 Ordin. p. *29. In the Golden Legend mention is made of " coueytous men that sette all 
 theyr loue in hauyour, and in solace of y world." See Kennett, and Spelman, v. Avera. 
 
 2 " Antica, a gate, or a dore, or hatche. Est antica domus ingresmts ab anteriori." 
 ORTUS. " An heke, antica." catii. ang. " Ostiolum, hek." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. 
 f. 27. " Hatche of a dore, hecqy palsg. " Guichet, a wicket, or hatch of a doore." 
 COTG. Forby gives " hack, half-hack, a hatch, a door divided across." In the North, 
 a heck-door is one partly latticed and partly pannelled. See Brockett. 
 
 3 See HEVEDARE, hereafter. "A hangeman or anheeder isodiose toloke vpon." horm. 
 •> The head-borough, borwealder, borsholder, or tithing man, was the chief of the 
 
 friborgh or titlung, the subdivision of ten freemen, called hand-boroughs, or franci 
 plegii, who were mutually bound to tlie king for the good conduct of each other, .\ng.-
 
 232 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Heed cyte. Metropolis, cath- 
 
 monopotis, cath. 
 Heed of garlek, lely, or ojjer lyke 
 
 (or of a leke, harl. ms. 2274.) 
 
 Bulbus, KYLW. et UG. in hallo. 
 Heedles. Acephalis, vel ace- 
 
 phalus, cath. 
 Heed waschynge. Capitila- 
 
 vium, c. F. 
 Heedwerke, sekenesse (hedake, 
 
 n.)' CephaUa, catii. 
 Heedwarke sufferere, or he that 
 
 sufferythe heedwarke. Cepha- 
 
 licns, CATH. 
 
 Heft. 3Ianuhrium. 
 Heftyde. Manuhriatus. 
 (Heftyn, infra in helvyn.) 
 Heftynge. Manubriacio. 
 Hedge (hegge, k. s.) Sepes, UG. 
 
 Hedgyd (heggyd, k. s.) Septus. 
 Hedgyn', or make an hedge 
 
 (heggyn, K. s.) Sepio. 
 (Hetche, or hek, p. Antica,c.v.^ 
 H etch YD, as byrdys. Pullifica- 
 
 tus,fetatus, c. f. in alcione. 
 Hey, beestys mete. Fenum. 
 Hey, or heythe (of heythe, k. for 
 
 heyth, s. hey of height, p.) Alius, 
 
 celsiis, excelsus. 
 Hey benche.2 Orcestra, cath. 
 
 orcistra, c. f. episedium (sub- 
 
 sellum, p.) 
 Heyeste. Altissimus, supremus. 
 Heyke, garment (or hewke, 
 
 infra; heyke, clothe, k. hayeste 
 
 garment, or huke, s.)-' Armelus, 
 
 cath. in annelausa, lacerna, 
 
 CATH. levitonare, kylw. 
 
 Sax. heafod, caput, horh, fidejussor. In the Statute entitled Visus Francipleffii, which 
 has been called Stat. IH Edw. II. de tenendd letd, they are termed " chiefs plegges.^' 
 Stat, of Realm, i. 246. The origin of the civil division of the territory into hundreds 
 and tithings has been confidently attributed to Alfred, but, as it .seems, on no sufficient 
 evidence. In the laws of the Confessor this system of mutual suretyshiji is clearly set 
 forth. Anc. Laws and Inst. i. 450. See Spelman, v. Friborga, and Borsholder. 
 
 1 ^']>e\\eAevid.v\ie,cephalia,cephalargla.'^ cath. ang. In the edition of the Ortus in 
 Mr. Wilbraham's library c?j^/ia/M* is rendered " the hedewerke ; " in the ed. 1518, " the 
 heed ache." In a medical treatise by " Maystere Lanfranke, of Meleyn," MS. in the 
 collection of Sir T. Phillipps, No. \'.W\, the following occurs among several prescriptions 
 for the " hede warke. Make lie of verveyn, or of betayne, or of wormode, and there 
 with wasshe Hn hede thryse in J>e weke." See werkynge, or heed ache, hereafter. 
 In Norfolk, according to Forby, "in violent head-ache, the head works like a clock." 
 Ang. -Sa.x. heafod-wserc, cephalalgia. 
 
 2 Compare DESE, of hye benche. " Orcestra dicebatur locus separatus i?i cend, ubi 
 nobiles sedebant." cath. 
 
 •' The following explanations are supplied by the Catholicon : ^' Armelausa vestis est, 
 sic dicta quia ante et retro divisa et aperta sit, in armis tnntuni clansa, quasi armi- 
 clausa ; et (st sclavina. Ab armus (tiumerus) secundum liabnnum dicitur armelus, vestis 
 humeros tantum teyeiis, sicut scnpulare monactiorum. Lacerna est palliutn Jimbriatum 
 quo olim soli milites vtcbantur, H^'c. — dicitur lacerna a latere et a cerno.''' In Harl. 
 MS. 1002, f. I.'i4, leritonarius is rendered " an huke; " in the Ortus it is explained to 
 be '' collobium lineum sine manicis, i. dubnatica, qvali Egypiii monachi utcbantur ; a 
 tabarde.'' It is scarcely possible to define the garment to which, modified by the 
 fashions of different periods, the name of hewke was assigned ; it aj)pears from citations 
 given by Uucange that the huca in the Xlllth cent, was furnished with a hood ; it also 
 seems to have been a military garment, and sometimes even of the number of such as
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 233 
 
 Heyl fro sekenesse. Sanus, in- 
 
 columis, sospes. 
 Heylyn', or gretyfi'. Saluto. 
 Heyl, seyde for gretynge. Ave, 
 
 sa Ive. 
 Heylynge, or gretynge. Salu- 
 
 tacio. 
 (Heynyn, k. h. heighthyn, p. 
 
 supra in hawncyn.' Exalto, 
 
 elevo, sublevo, levo.) 
 Heynynge. Exaltacio, elevacio. 
 Heyncemann (henchemanne, h.)' 
 
 Gcrolocista, duorum generum 
 
 (gei-elocista, s.) 
 Hey stak. Fenile. 
 Heythe (heyght, s. heighte, p.) 
 
 were of a defensive nature, altliou^li not so accounted by Sir S. IMeyrick in his paper on 
 military garments worn in England, Archseol. xix. In the Wardrobe of Hen. V. 1423, 
 occur "^■. heuke noiei-, yarniz d'espanyes d'' argent dorr\ q'estoit a Crmnt Marteyn: 
 pois. viij lb. pris la lb. xaaij. s. en tout, aij. li. avj. s.—j. heu/ce de c/iamelet, ovecj. cha- 
 peron de mesme. — j. heiike d'escarlet: v. hukes de damaxk noier, broc/its d'aryetit,'^ Sfc. 
 Rot. Pari. IV. 225, 236. In an indenture of retainer preserved in the Tower, dated 
 1441, for military service in France under Richard Duke of York, James JSkidmore, 
 Esq. engages to serve as a man at arms with six archers, and to take for himself and his 
 men " liuk' of my seid lord the duk' liv'e." Meyrick's Crit. Enqu. ii. 111. The 
 Ordinance of Charles YII. dated 1448, respecting the equipment of the F rancs-ArcJiers, 
 requires every parish to provide a man armed with '^jacque, on httque de biiyandine." 
 Pere Daniel, IMil. Franc, i. 238. In the Invent, of Sir John Fastolfe's wardrobe, 1459, 
 under the head oi tngce, is the " Item, j. jagged huke of blakke sengle, and di' of the 
 same." Archseol. xxi. 252. In King Ryence's chalenge the heralds are described as attired 
 in " hewkes," and loudly crying for /a/'^e**^. Percy's Rel. iii. 2t). There was also a 
 female attire called Hewke, Belg. huycke, which covered the shoulders and head. In 
 the Acta Sanctorum Juu. vol. IV. 632, a female is described as clothed " in habitu 
 seculari, cum pcplo Braba?itico niyro, Huckam vulyo vacant.'''' Palsgrave gives " hewke, 
 a garment for a. ■wonvin, aurquayne, f roc ; huke, snrqnanie ; " and Minsheu explains 
 huyke, huike, or huke, to be a mantle, such as women use in Spain, Germany, and 
 the Low Countries when they go abroad. Skelton mentions the "huke of Lyncole 
 green " worn by Elinour Rumming. See further in Ducange and Roquefort. 
 
 ' Chaucei' describes the knight as attended by three mounted " henshmen." Flour 
 and the Leaf. The pages of distinguished personages were called lienxmen, as Spelmau 
 supposes, from Germ, hengst, a war-horse, or, according to Bp. Percy, from their place 
 being at the side, or haunch of their lord. In the household of Edward IV. there were 
 " henxmen, vj cnfauntes, or more as it shall please the Kinge," who seem to have been 
 chiefly wards of the Crown, and jjlaced under the direction of a master of henxmen: 
 their mode of living, and education at court, is set forth in the Household Book of 
 Edw. IV. given among the Ordinances published by the Ant. Soc. p. 44. By the 
 Stat. 3 Edw. IV. c. 5, "hensmen, herolds, purceyvauntez, ministrelles, et jotters en 
 lour entrehtdcs " were exempted from the penalties under the statute of apparel. In 
 the household of the Earl of Northumberland, 1511, there were three haunsmen or 
 hanshmen, who are enumerated with " yong gentlemen at their fryndes fynding, in my 
 lord's house for the hoole yere : " the first served as cupbearer to tiie Earl, the second 
 to his lady. On New-year's day they presented gloves, and had Gs. Hd. reward. Ant. 
 Rep. iv. 19<). See further in Pegge's Curialia, Lodge's Illustr. i. 359, and Privy Purse 
 Expensesof Henry VIII. edit, by Sir H. Nicolas. " Henchman, /la/ye d'/ioimeiir, eujant 
 d'honnetir." palsg. ^' Prcetea-tatus assecla, qui Gallice rocatur rn paye d'/ioiiimes ; a 
 page of honour, or a henchman." Junius, by Higins. " A hench-mau, or hencb-boy, 
 page d'Antineur qui niarche dcrant quelque Seigneur de grand ani/ioriie." sherw. 
 
 CAMD. .SOC. 2 II
 
 234 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Altitudo, culmen, cacumen, sub- 
 
 limitas (summitas, p.) 
 Heyward.' Agellarius, c. f. 
 
 abigeus, ug. v. (inessor, k.) 
 (Hek, or hetche, supra in hec.) 
 Hekele (heykylle, harl. ms. 
 
 2374.)- Mataxa, c. f. 
 Hekelare. Mataxatrix. 
 Hekelyn'. Mataxo. 
 Hekelynge. Mataxacio. 
 Hek fere, beeste (or styrke, 
 
 infra.Y Juvenca. 
 
 Heldyn', or bowyn'.'' IncUno, 
 
 Jiecto, deflecto. 
 Heldynge, or holdynge. Tencio, 
 
 detencio, retencio. 
 Heldynge, or bowynge (clynynge, 
 
 K.) Inclinacio, Jleccio, incur- 
 
 vacio. 
 Hele of jje fote. Talus, calcaneus. 
 Heele, or helthe.^ Sanitas, inco- 
 
 lumitas. 
 Helle. Infernus, Tartarus, 
 
 Baratrum, Stix (^Avernus, p.) 
 
 1 The heyward was the keeper of cattle in a common field, who prevented trespass on 
 the cultivated ground. According to the Anglo-Saxon law the haeig-weard was to have 
 his reward from the part of the crop nearest to the pastures, or, if land were allotted, it 
 was to be adjacent to the same. See Anc. Laws and Inst. i. 441. His office is thus 
 noticed by G. de Bibelesworth : 
 
 " Ly messiers (hay ward) ad les chaumps en cure." 
 
 " In tyme of heruest mery it is ynough ; 
 The hayward bloweth mery his home. 
 In eueryche felde ripe is corne." K. Alis. 5756. 
 
 Bp. Kennett observes that there were two kinds of agellarii, the common herd-ward of 
 a town or village, called buhulcus, who overlooked the common herd, and kept it within 
 bounds ; and the heyward of the lord of the manor, or religious house, who was regu- 
 larly sworn at the court, took care of the tillage, paid the labourers, and looked after 
 trespasses and encroachments : he was termed fields-man, or tithing-man, and his wages 
 in 1425 were a noble. " /nc/zwflrzMs, a heyewarde." med. " /wc/M*on'M«, a pynner of 
 beestes {al. pynder.)" ort. " Haiward, haward, qui garde au commun tout le bestiail 
 d'u7i bourgade.'^ sherw. 
 
 2 " Hetchell for flaxe, serancq, serant. I heckell (or hetchyll) flaxe, ie cerance, and 
 ie habille du tin. Am nat I a great gentylman, my father was a hosyer, and my mother 
 dyd heckell flaxe ? " palsg. " Seran, a hatchell, or heach, the iron comb whereon 
 flax is dressed." cotg. Forby gives hickle, a comb to dress flax, or break it into its 
 finest fibres. Teut. hekel, pecten. 
 
 3 " J2<»ewca, a hekefeer beest." ortus. " Hccforde, a yong cowe, ^ewme." palsg. 
 Caxton, in the Boke for Travellers, speaks of " flesshe of moton, of an hawgher {genise,) 
 or of a calfe." See Bp. Kennett's Gloss, v. Hekfore. Ang.-Sax. heahfore, vaccula. 
 Forby notices a bequest of certain " heckfordes " in the will of a Norfolk clergyman, 
 dated 1579, but the modern pronunciation is heifker. 
 
 • " To hclde, w6i to bowe." oath. ang. In tlie Northern Dialects to heald signifies 
 to slope, as a declivity. See Brockett, Craven Dial, and Jamieson, r. Heild. Ang.- 
 Sax. hyldan, iticlinare. Palsgrave gives the verb " I hylde, I leane on the one syde, 
 as a bote or shyp, or any other vessel!, ie encline de cousti. Sytte fast, I rede you, 
 for y'' bote begynneth to hylde." 
 
 ' " Salubritas, holsones, or heell. Saluber, helefull." ortus. " Prosper, hele- 
 fulle, happy, withe-owte tene." med. ms. cant. " Sospitas, firmitas, salvacio, <^c. 
 hele." lioy. MS. 17 C. XVII, " An hele, columiian, edia,fecunditas, valitudo. Hele- 
 ivWi, proiiper,iialutariH." cath. ang. " lieale of body, «a?j/^." palsg. In a sermon
 
 PROMPTOKIUM PAKVULORUM. 
 
 235 
 
 Heelyn', or hoolyn' of sekenesse. 
 
 Sano, euro, medico, medicor. 
 Heelynge, or holynge of seke- 
 nesse. Sanacio, curacio. 
 Helme, or ])e rothere of a schyp 
 
 (helrae of ]>e roder of shyp, s. 
 
 helme, rother of a shyppe, h. p.) 
 
 Temo, CATH. plectrum, cath. 
 
 et UG. in plecto. 
 Helme of armure. Galea, c. f. 
 
 cassis, c. F. et cath. 
 Helpare. Adjutor, adjutrix, 
 
 suffragator. 
 Helpe. Adjutorium, auxilium, 
 
 suffragium.,juvamen, presidium 
 
 (suhsidium, k. p.) 
 Helpyn'. Juvo, adjuvo, auxilior, 
 
 suhvenio, succurro, opitulor. 
 Helpvn' and defendyn'. Patro- 
 
 cinor. 
 Helthe, idein quod hele, supra. 
 Heltyr (or halter, s.) Capistrum. 
 HELTRYN'beestys.Cajoj*#ro,CATH. 
 Helve.i Manubrium, manuten- 
 
 tu7n. 
 HelvYxv', orheftyn'. 3Ianubrio. 
 Hemme. Fimbria, limbus, cath. 
 
 et c. F. lascinia, cath. et c. f. 
 
 ora, orarium, cath. 
 Hemmyn' garmentys. Limbo, 
 Jimbrio, cath. 
 
 Hempe. Canabum. 
 
 Heripyne, or hempy (hempcne, 
 
 or of hempe, k. s. h.) Canabeus. 
 Henne. GaUina. 
 (Henne nest, harl. MS. 2274. 
 
 Ingitatorium.) 
 Henbane, herbe. Jusquiamus, 
 
 simphonica, insana, c. f. 
 Hengyl of a dore, or wyndowe 
 
 (hengyll of a shettinge, K. p.)^ 
 
 Verteb)-a, vectis, cath. et c. f. 
 Hengyl, gymewe (gymmewe, k. 
 
 gemewe, harl. ms. 2274, P.) 
 
 Vertinella, ug. in verro. 
 Heep. Cumulus, acervus, agger, 
 
 globus. 
 (Hentynge, supra in cahch- 
 
 ynge.)^ 
 (Hepar, k. Cumulator.) 
 Heepyd. Cumulatus. 
 Hepyn', or make on a hepe. Cu- 
 
 mulo, accumulo. 
 Hepynge. Cumulacio. 
 Heer (here, k. s. p.) Capillus, 
 
 cincinnus, crinis, cesaries, coma. 
 Heer fyrste growynge yn' mannys 
 
 berde. Lanugo, c. f. 
 (Herbere, h. p. supra in grene 
 
 PLACE.)-* 
 
 'H^.KBY.KiovfK^.Hospiciarius, c. f, 
 et comm. 
 
 given by Fox, as delivered by R. Wimbeldon, 1389, is this passage : " Giesy was smyt 
 with mesilry, for he sold Naaman's heale, that cam of God's grace." Sir John Paston 
 writes thus to his mother : " It'm it lyked yow to weet of myn heelle, I thanke God 
 now y' I am nott greetly syke ner soor." Past. Lett. v. 80, Ang.-Sax. hsel, salus. 
 
 ' " Helue of any tole, wianc/^e. Hafte of any tele, nianche." palsg. This word 
 is given by Forby as still used in Norfolk. See also Moore. Ang.-Sax. helf, manitbrium. 
 
 '^ Forby states that in Norfolk hingle signifies either a small hinge, or a snare of 
 wire, closing like a hinge, by means of which poachers are said to hingle hares and 
 rabbits. "Hinge, or hingell of a gate, cardo,'' &c. baret. Horman says, "This 
 bottell lacketh an hyngill, uter amicino caret." See gymkwe. 
 
 3 See hyntyn' hereafter. " I hente, I take by vyolence, or to catchc, ie happe ; 
 this terme is nat vtterly comen." pai.sg. It is used by Chaucer. 
 
 ■< See the note on the word erbari/:.
 
 235 
 
 PnOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Herberewe (herborwe, k. herbe- 
 row, H. herborowe, p.)' Hos- 
 pirium. 
 
 Herbekuyn', or recejvyn' to 
 hereboroghe (herbergwyn, k. 
 herborowen, p.) Hospital', 
 
 CATii. et si signijicet to take 
 herboroghe, tunc est quasi de- 
 ponens. 
 
 Heere bonue (herbonde, p.) 
 
 Vitta, c. F. et ug. v. in C. cri- 
 
 nale, Dice, discriminale. 
 Heerce on a dede corce (herce 
 
 vpon dede corcys, k. p. heers of 
 
 dede cors, s.)2 Pirama, cath. 
 
 piramis, c. F. et UG. in pir. 
 Heerde, or flok of beestys, what 
 
 so euyr they be. Polia, cath. 
 
 armentum, cath. 
 Heerd MA^a. Pastor, agaso, c.f. 
 
 ^ " An harbar, hospicium, diversorium. An liarbiriour, kospes, hospita. To barber, 
 hospitari. Harherynge, hospifalitas.'" cath. ang, " Herboroughe, /o(//s. Iharbo- 
 rowe, I lodge one in an inne, ie herberge. Herberiour, that prouydeth lodgyng, four- 
 rier.^' palsg. A station where a marching army rested was termed in Ang. -Sax. 
 here-berga, from here, cxercitus, beor^an, munire. In a more extended sense harbour de- 
 noted anyplace of refuge, or hospitable reception. See Vision of P. Ploughm. ; Wicliffite 
 Version, &c. In the Golden Legend it is related that St. Amphyabel " prayed Albon 
 of herborough for the love of God ; whiche Albon without faynynge, as he y' alwaye 
 loued to do hospytalyte, graunted hyra herbevough, and well receyued hym." Caxton 
 says, in the Boke for Travellers, " Grete me the damyselle of your hous, or of your 
 he(r)berow, vo^tre hontel." The verb is used by Sir John Maundevile in the sense 
 both of giving and receiving hospitality ; he says, speaking of Bethany, " there dwelte 
 Symon leprous, and there herberwed our Lord, and aftre he was baptised of the Apos- 
 tles, and was clept Julyan, and was made Bisschopi)e ; and this is the same Julyau that 
 men clepe to for gode herberghage, for our Lord herberwed with him in his hows.'' 
 Voiage, p. 116. The adjective herberous has the signification of hospitable. In the 
 version prefixed to the translation of the parajihrase of Titus by Erasmus, it occurs as 
 follows : " A byssho]) must be such as no man can comi)laitie on — not geuen to filthy 
 lucre, but herberous," &c. Titus, i. 8 ; jiritited by Johan Byddell, t. Hen. VIII. The 
 remarkable n;inie Cold-harbour, which occurs repeatedly in most counties at places ad- 
 jacent to Roman roads, or lines of early communication, seems to have been derived 
 from the station there established ; but of the strange epithet thereto prefixed no satis- 
 factory explanation lias yet been suggested. See Hartshorne's Salopia Anti(jua, p. 25.?. 
 
 2 This term is derived from a sort of pyramidal candlestick, or frame for supporting 
 lights, called hercia, or Iterijiea, from its resemblance in form to a harrow, of which 
 mention occurs as early as the XI Ith cent. It was not, at first, exclusively a part of 
 funeral display, but was used in the solemn services of the holy week ; thus by the 
 statute of the Synod of Exeter, 1287, every parish was bound to provide the "hercia 
 ad lenel/ras.'' Wiikins, Cone. ii. 1.59. In the account of expenses at the death of 
 Thomas, Abbot of .St. Augustine's, Canterbury, l.'i?.^, occurs an item, "pro corpore 
 Jicto, ciini /icmiu.'" W. Thorn, X Script. 21.52. See further the accounts of the ob- 
 setjuies of Anne the Queen of Kic. II. Gough's Sep. Mon. i. 170*, and the will of that 
 u.onarch, in which he directs that for his own interment there should be ])re])ared " iv. 
 hercio! excellentia; convenicntis ref/nli.'''' Rym. vii. 75. In the will of John de Nevill, 
 138(i, it is termed " /lercinm." Madox, Form. 429. The Pat. 1 Hen. V. 141.3, re- 
 counts the orders of the King to Simon Prentout of London, " wex chaundeler," and 
 Thomas (iloucestre, " pir/ori nostro,^' for the provision and transport to Canterbury 
 of tiie " /icrcea'" for the funeral of Henry IV. Rym. viii. 14. The ordinance which 
 regulated the charges by wax -chandlers, stat. 11 lieu. VI. c. 12, comprises a clause to
 
 PRO.MPTOKIUM PARVULORU>r. 
 
 237 
 
 Herre of a locke.^ Cardo, comm. 
 Here, yn' thys place. Hie. 
 Heryn'. Audio. 
 Heryxge wythe eere (hennge 
 
 of here, k. p.) Anditus, au- 
 
 dacio (^andicio, s. p.) 
 Heerynge, fysshe. AUec. 
 Herkyn', and take heede, and ley 
 
 to ]je ere (herkyn to, s.) As- 
 
 culto. 
 HEERX,byrde (heryn, K.s.p.herne, 
 
 HARL. MS. 2274.) Ardea. 
 Herxe panne of jje hed.- Cra- 
 
 neum. 
 
 Hernys, or brayne (hemys, or 
 
 harnevs, s.) Cerebrum. 
 Herowde of armys. Curio, c. F. 
 Hert, wylde beeste. Cervus. 
 Hert, ynwarde parte of a beste 
 
 (myd part, s.) Cor. 
 Hertles, or vnhertv. Vecors. 
 Herthe, where fyre ys made. 
 
 Ignearium, c. v.focai-ium, c. f. 
 
 ignarium, uo. in Ge. 
 Herthe STOK or kynlym' (stocke, 
 
 K. p. kynlyn, a.y Repofoci- 
 
 lium, CATii. vel secundum c. F. 
 
 repofocinium, UG. in fovea. 
 
 except " heroes affaires pw lez nohlez trespassantz." Stat, of Realm, vol. ii. 287. Chaucer 
 appears to use the term hearse to denote the decorated bier, or funeral pageant, and 
 not exclusively the illumination, which was a part thereof; and towards the XVIth 
 cent, it h;id such a general signification alone. Hardyng describes the honours falsely 
 bestowed upon the remains of Richard II. when cloths of gold were offered " upon his 
 hers " by the King and lords. 
 
 " At Poules his masse was done, and diryge. 
 
 In hers royall, semely to royalte." Chron. c. 200. 
 
 A representation is given on the Roll or Brevis mortuorum of John Islyppe, Abbot of 
 Westm. who died 1522, and whose corpse was placed " undre a goodlye Hersse w' 
 manye lights, and maiestie, and vallaunce set w' pencells," &c. which was left standing 
 until " the monethes mynde." Vet. Mon. iv. pi. xviii. " Herce for a deed corse, of 
 silke, ^joi//e. Herse clothe, poille. Herce, a deed body, corps.'' palsg. "He lay 
 in a noble hyrst, or herse, sityyi'sto. There was made a noble hyrst, tumulus.'" horm. 
 In the version of Junius' Nomeucl. by Higins is given " Cenotaphium, a herse, a se- 
 pulchre of honour, a stately funeral." '■'■ Puille, the square canojiy thats borne over 
 the sacrament, or a soveraign prince, in solemne processions ; hence also a hearse, 
 hearse-cloth, laid over the beer of a dead person.'' cotg. 
 
 ' This word is repeatedly used in the later Wicliffite version. " And \>e. herris (ejjer 
 hengis) of he doris of \>t innere hows of \<q hooly of hooly hingis, and of he doris of l^e 
 hows of he temple weren of gold.'' iii. Kings, vii. .50. "As a dore is turned on his 
 herre (eher heengis) so a slow man in his bedde." Prov. xxvi. 14. See also Prov. viii, 
 26; Job xxii. 14. " Cardo, a here of a dore, cuneus qui inforamine vertitur." med. 
 " Har, the hole in a stone on which tlie spindle of a door or gate resteth ; Dunetm. 
 and the harr tree is the head of the gate, in which the foot or bottom of the spindle is 
 jilaced. Harrs, hinges, a door-har ; Westm." Bp. Kennett, Lansd. MS. 1033. Ang.- 
 Sax. heor, hearre, cardo. 
 
 '^ " Cranium, harnepanne." Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. See G. de Bibelesworth. 
 
 " Vous deuet dire moun hanapel (hernepane,) 
 
 Mounfrount, e moun cenel (mi forred, ant ray brayn.)" 
 
 The word occurs also in Havelok, 1991; Coer de Lion, 5293. Ang.-Sax. hrernes, 
 cerebrum, \y,\nr\a, patella. Minot uses the word " hemes," or brains ; p. 10. 
 
 3 The MS., by an error of the scribe, gives repofocilium rejieated twice; and the 
 reading of the Winch. ^NIS. seems still more corrupt, " reposialiuni, c.\th. vel secundum
 
 238 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Herty. Cordialis. 
 Hertyly. Cordialiter. 
 HERTYN",or makyn' herty. Anitno. 
 Hertys lethyr, or lethyri. Ne- 
 
 bris, CATH. 
 Hertys tonge, herbe. Scolo- 
 
 pendria, lingua cervi. 
 Hertlynesse. Cordialitas. 
 Herueste. Autumpnus. 
 Hesyl, tre. Corulus, colurnus. 
 Hespe of threde.' Mataxa, c. f. 
 
 et UG. haspum, c. F. hapsa, 
 
 COMM. Jilipulus. 
 Hespe of a dore.- Pessulum, vel 
 
 pessula, necc. haspa, comm. 
 Hete. Calor, estus. 
 
 Hethe. Bruera, hruare, se- 
 
 cundum quosdam. 
 Hethe, or lynge, fowaly.^ Bru* 
 
 arium. 
 Hetyn', or make hoote. Calefacio. 
 Hetyn', or waxyn' hoote. Caleo, 
 
 unde versus: Per inemet calui, 
 
 sub pannis me calefeci. 
 Hewar. Secator. 
 Hevedare (or hedare, supra.^ 
 
 Decapitator, spiculator (^lictor, 
 
 Hevedyn', idein quod hedon', 
 
 supra A 
 Hevedynge (hedynge, harl. ms. 
 
 2274, hedinge, p.) Decapitacio. 
 
 c. F. repoficilium." The word intended may be retrofocinium, or repofocinium. See 
 Ducange. The Catholicon gives the following explanation : " Repofocilium, id quod tegit 
 iynem in node, vel quod retro iynem ponitur ; super quod a posteriori parte foci ligna 
 pomintur, quod vulyo lar dicitur.'" In Harl. MS. 1738, it is rendered "an herthe 
 stok, or a skrene ; " in the Ortus, " a hudde or a sterne.'' A stock (Ang.-Sax. stoc, 
 truncus) may signify primarily a large log, against which, as a foundation, the fire was 
 piled. The cellarist of St. Edmund's-bury held Hardwick under the Abbey, and was 
 bound annually to provide " iv. Cristmesse stocke," each of 8 feet in length. Liber 
 Celler. Rokewode's Suff. p. 475. Hence, probably, any contrivance whereby the fire 
 was supported, so as to facilitate combustion, an object more perfectly attained by 
 means of andirons (awnderne, supra), was termed the hearth-stock. In Norfolk and 
 Suffolk the back or sides of the fire-place are termed " the stock," and Forby derives 
 the word from Ang -Sax. stoc, locus. See kynlyn hereafter. 
 
 ' A hank of yarn is called in the North a hesp, or hasp, the fourth part of a spindle. 
 Bp, Kennett gives " a hank of yarn or thread, when it comes off the reel, and is tied 
 in the middle, or twisted. So the twist or rope that comes over y*^ saddle of the thiller 
 horse is called the thille hanks ; Dunelm. Perhaps from Sax. hanjan, to tie or twist ; 
 but it comes much nearer to the Isl. haunk, funiculus in circulum colligatus.^'' Lansd. 
 MS. lO.'^.'J. Mataxa signifies the comb which serves for dressing flax, as given above 
 under the word hekele, but implies also a hank of spun thread. See Ducange. 
 
 'i n Pessellum, a lytel lok of tre, a haspe, a cospe, a sclott." med. ms. cant. 
 " Pessulum dicitur sera lignea qud hostium pellitur cum seratur, Anglice a lyteke, or 
 lat(;he, or a snecke, or barre of a dore." ort. " Haspe of a dore, clic/iette.^' palsg. 
 " Agrap/ie, a claspe, hook, brace, grapple, haspe." cotg. In this last sense the word 
 haspa occurs in the Sherborn Cartulary, MS. in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps, 
 where, among the gifts of William the sacrist (Xllth cent.?) is mentioned " Missale 
 cum haspd argented." Bp. Kennett observes that in Kent, Sussex, and Oxfordshire the 
 word is pronounced " haps, to haps a door or cupboard. Ang.-Sax. haeps, sera, fibula.'^ 
 Lansd. MS. 1033. This older form is also retained in Somerset, Wilts, and in N. 
 Britiiin, hasp being the corruption. See Jamieson. 
 
 3 Sowaly, MS. Compare kowayi.k, and lyngk of the hethe. 
 
 ♦ " Decollo, to hefdyn." med. " He was heeded at Towre hyll." palsg.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 239 
 
 Hevene. Celum, polum. 
 Hevenely. Celitus, adv. 
 Hevenly. Celicus, celestis. 
 Hevy to bere (to beryn, k.) 
 
 Gravis, ponderosus. 
 Hevy and grevows. Gravis, et 
 
 idem quod grevows, supra. 
 Hevy in sowle, and herte. Mo- 
 
 lestus, tristis (jnestus, p.) 
 Hevy manne, or womanne, and 
 
 not glad yn chere. Mestificus, 
 
 mestifica, cath. 
 Hevy a-slepe(of slepe, s.p.) Somp- 
 
 nolentus. 
 Hevyly. Graviter, moleste, triste. 
 Hevyyn', or makyn' hevy yn 
 
 herte. Mesti(Ji)co (mesto, P.) 
 Hevyyn', or makyn' hevy in 
 
 vi'yghte. Gravo, aggravo, pon- 
 
 dero, CATH. 
 Hevynesse yn herte. Molestia, 
 
 tristicia, mesticia. 
 Hevynesse of slepe. Sompno- 
 
 lencia. 
 Hevynesse of wyghte. Ponde- 
 
 rositas, gravitas. 
 Hewyn'. Seco, c. F. 
 Hewyn' a-wey. Abscido. 
 Hewyn' downe. Succido. 
 Hevyn', or schoppyii' to-gedyr 
 
 thyngys of dyuerse kyndys. 
 Conscido. 
 Hewynge (or hakkynge, supra.) 
 Seccio. 
 
 Hewke, idem quod heyke, supra 
 
 (hek, K. hevke, s. h.) 
 Hethynne, or paynynne (panym, 
 
 K. p.) Paganus, etnicus. 
 Hethynnesse. Pagania. 
 Hydde. Absconditus, celatus. 
 Hydyn'. Abscondo, c. f. oceulto. 
 Hydynge. Absconsio, latitacio. 
 Hydynge place. Latibulum, ab- 
 
 sconditum, latebra, abditorium, 
 
 UG. in do. 
 Hyde, or skynne (hyyd, or hyde, 
 
 HARL. MS. 2274, P.) Pellis, Cutis. 
 Hyddyr, or to thys place (hyther, 
 
 p.) Hue. 
 Hyddyr warde (hydward, s. 
 
 hytherwarde, p.) Istuc. 
 Hydows (hiddovvus, or gret, K.) 
 
 Immanis, immensus. 
 Hytchyd, or remevyd (hichid, k. 
 
 hychyd, s.) Amotus, remotus. 
 Hytchyn', or remevyri' (hychyn, 
 
 K. hytchen, p. hythen, j. vf.y 
 
 Amoveo, moveo, removeo. 
 Hytchynge, or remevynge (hich- 
 
 ynge, K. hyhchynge, harl. ms. 
 
 2274.) Aniocio, remocio. 
 Hyyn, idem quod hasty^', supra. 
 Hyynge, orhastynge. Festinacio, 
 
 festinancia, properacio. 
 Hylle. Mons, collis, libanus. 
 Hyldyr, or eldyr (hillerntre, k. 
 
 ellernetre, harl. ms. 2274, el- 
 
 norne tre, p.)- Sambucus. 
 
 ^ In Norfolk, according to Forby, to hitch means to change place : " a man is often 
 desired to hitch, in order to make room ; to hitch anything which happens to be in the 
 way. Isl. hika, cedere (loco.)" To hike and to hick are used in a similar sense. To 
 hitch is explained by Johnson as signifying " to catch, or move by jerks," and so used 
 by Pope. Skinner would derive the expression " hitch buttock, hitch neighbours," or 
 " level coyl, (levez le cul,) " used by boys in playing, who bid one another move, and 
 make way for the next in turn, from Ang.-Sax. hicgan, tnoliri, niti, or Fr. hocher. See 
 Jamieson, v. Hatch, and Hotch. Brockett gives to hitch, hop on one foot. 
 
 2 See the note on the word eldyr, or hyldyr, or hillerne tre. Ang.-Sax. ellarn, 
 sambucus. In some parts of England the name hilder is still in use ; and in Germany
 
 240 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Hylly, or fulle of hyllys. Mon- 
 
 tuosus. 
 Hyllyk' (hyllen or curyn, ii. 
 
 coueren, p.)' Operio, coojjerio, 
 
 tego, velo, contego. 
 Hyllynge wythe clothys (hillinge 
 
 of clothes, K. p.) TegumenfMm, 
 
 tegmen, velamen, 
 Hyllynge, or coverynge of what 
 
 thynge hyt be. Coopertura, 
 
 coopertorium, operimentuhi. 
 (Hyllynge, or happynge, infra 
 
 in WAPPYNGE.) 
 
 Hylt of a swerde. Capulus. 
 Hyynde, beste. Damula, damns, 
 
 COMM. 
 
 Hyndyr parte of a beste (party, 
 
 K.) Clunis. 
 (Hynder party of a ship, k. 
 
 hyndyr part, s.) Puppis. 
 Hynderyn', or bacchyn'(bakkyn', 
 
 s.) Retrofacio. 
 Hyndryd, or harmyd. Dampni- 
 
 Jicatus. 
 Hyndryn', idem quod iiarmyn', 
 
 svpra. 
 Hyxdrynge, or harmynge. 
 
 Dampnijicacio. 
 Hyntyd. Raptus. 
 Hyntyn' (or revyii, infra; hyn- 
 
 tyn, or hentyn, k. n. p.)- Rupio, 
 
 {cirripio, p.) 
 
 the tree is called Holder. It was supposed that Judas hanged himself upon an elder 
 tree, and Sir John Maundevile, who wrote in 135G, speaks of the tree as being still 
 shown at Jerusalem. Voiage, p. 112. Of the superstitious notions in relation to this 
 tree, see Brand's Pop. Anticju. under Physical charms. 
 
 ' The verb to hill, and the substantive hilling, ajipear to be in use in many parts of 
 England, but are not noticed in the East-Anglian Glossaries, In the writings of the 
 older authors they occur frequently. See R. lirunne, P. Ploughm. Chaucer, and Gower. 
 " Cooperio, to hyll to-gyder. Tegmentum, a hyllynge, a couerynge.'' ortus. " Tego, 
 to hille ; tegmen, an helynge. Circumamictus, a-bowte helynge, or clothynge. j4rchi- 
 lector, an helyour of a hous. Cooperio, to hule, or keruere (sic.)^' med. ms. cant. 
 " I hyll, I wrappe or lappe, ie couvre : you must hyll you wel nowe a nyghtes, the wether 
 is colde. Hylling, a coueryng, couvertzire. Hyllyng of an house, couverture, tecte." 
 PALSG. " Paliatif, cloaking, hilling ouer, couering, hiding. Palter, to hill ouer," &c. 
 COTG. Ang.-Sax. ht-lan, ce/are. Sir John Maundevile, speaking of the Tartars, says that 
 " the helynge of here houses, and the wovves, and the dores ben alle of wode." Voiage, 
 p. 298. Walsingham calls the rebel "Wat " Walterus helier, vel tyler." Camd. Au- 
 glica, pp. 2.j2, 2G4. In the " Objections of Freres," Wicliffe makes the observation 
 that " Freres wollen not be apeied with food and lieling," that is, clothing. The ac- 
 counts of the churchwardens of Walden comprise the item "fit le klerk de Thaxstede 
 pur byndynde, hyllynge et bosynge de ions lex livercs en le vestiarge." Hist, of Audley 
 End, p. 220. In the version of Vegecius attributed to Trevisa, it is said, " loke thou 
 ordenne ^at the leves of the yates be keuered and hilled with raw hides.'' Roy. MS. 18 
 A. XII. f. 100. Bp. Kennett has the following notes in Lansd. MS. U)33 : " Helings, 
 Stragula, bed-cloaths, vox in usu apud Oxonienses. Isl. hil, tego, hulde, texi ; Sax. 
 helan. Ejusdem originis videtur esse apud Sepientrionales, to hull into bed ; the hulls 
 of come, i. the husks ; a swine hull. i. a swine stie. Aiiglis cliain mediterruneis to hele 
 eat tegere. A coverlet in Derbyshire is called a bed-healing, and in some other parts ab- 
 solutely a healing, and a hylling. Thatchers in Yorkshire are called helliars, and so 
 are the coverers with slat in London, and most parts of England. In old authors the 
 eye-brows are called helings.'' Comjjare fohhklyn, celo, and hattk, hed hillynge. 
 
 - This verb occurs in most of the early writers : see R. Glouc. p. 20 1 ; Vis. P. Plouglim.
 
 PROMPTORIU.M PARVULORUM. 241 
 
 Hype of pe legge. Femur. I Hyre. StipentUum, salarium, 
 
 Hyppynge, or haltynge.i Clan 
 
 (licacio. 
 Hyrdyl. Plecta, Jlecta, cratis, 
 
 c. F. 
 Hyrdys, or herdys of flax, or 
 
 hempe.2 Stuppa, c. f. et ug 
 
 manipnlus, c. f. 
 
 Hyryd man, orservawnte. Con- 
 ductius, conductia, mercenarius, 
 mercenaria (^conducticius, s. p.) 
 
 Hyryn'. Conduco. 
 
 Hyrne.2 Angithis. 
 
 in stips, napta, cath. et c. f. | Hyse, or hys. Suus. 
 
 14,258 ; Chaucer, Knight's T. 906. It is used likewise by Shakespeare. See Nares. 
 
 " Kyng Richard his ax in honde he hente." R. Coer de Lion, 4027. 
 
 ' I hente, I take by vyolence, or to catche, ie happe : this terme is nat vtterly comen." 
 
 PALSG. In the version of Vegecius attributed to Trevisa, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. it is said 
 
 of elephants used in war, " somme ordenned ayenst thies bestes fote menne wele hillede 
 
 aboue wytli plates, havyng on her shuldres and on her helmes sharp pikes, that if \>e 
 
 . olifaunt wolde oughte henche, or catche hem (posset apprehendere), the prickes shulde 
 
 lette hym." B. iii. c. 24. Compare cahchynge, or hentynge ; kyppyn, or hynton ; 
 
 and REVYN, or by vyolence take awey, or hyntyn. Ang.-Sax. hentan, rapere. 
 
 1 Compare the verb ovyr hyppyn, or ouer skyppyn. Hyppynge occurs in the sense 
 of hopping, Vis. of P. Ploughm. 1 1 ,488, and to hip has in the North a like signification ; 
 hipping stones are stoppings at the passage of a shallow stream. The word seems here 
 to be taken from the irregular movement or hopping of the halt person. Gower says 
 of Vulcan, 
 
 " He had a courbe upon his backe, 
 And therto he was hippe halte." Conf. Am. 
 Teut. hippelen, subsilire. Jamieson gives hypalt, a cripple ; to hypa), or hirple, to go 
 lame. In Norfolk to himp and to limp are synonymous. 
 
 2 " &Ywj9a, hyrdes of hempe, or of flax. S'<2<;^o, to stop with hurdes." med. ms. cant. 
 " Extupo, Anylice to do awaye hardes or tawe. Stupa, stub, chaf, or towe." ortus. 
 Amongst the various significations of napta, given in the Catholicon, it is said " napta 
 etiam, sectmdum Papiam, dicitur purgamentum liniV The word occurs in the Wicliffite 
 version, Judges xvi. 9 : "And sche criede to him, Sampson! Fehsteis ben on )>ee, 
 which brak J'e boondis as if a man brekith a t'rede of herdis (filum de sfupd, Vulg.) 
 wrij'un wib spotle." Chaucer, in the Rom. of Rose, describes the dress of Fraunchise, 
 called a suckeny, or rokette, 
 
 " That not of hempe herdes was, 
 So faire was none in all Arras." 
 
 In the original, " ne fut de lourras.^'' In Norfolk, according to Forby, hards signify 
 coarse flax, otherwise tow-hards, in other parts of England called hurds ; and in many 
 places a coarse kind of linen cloth is still termed harden, or hirden. The Invent, of 
 effects of Sir John Conyers, of Sockburne, Durham, 1567, comprises "vij. harden 
 table clothes, iv. s. — xv. pair of harden sheats, xx. *." Wills and Inv. Surtees Soc. i. 268. 
 " Heerdes of hempe, tillage de chamure {? chainvre), estorpes.'^ pai.sg. " Hirdes, or 
 towe, of flaxe, or hempe, slvpa.'' baret. " Gretfes de lin, the hards, or towe of 
 flax." coTG. Ang.-Sax. heordas, stupa. 
 
 3 " Anguliis, & cornere, or a heme. Pentanguhis, of fyue hirnes." med. " Ao 
 hyrne, angulus, gonus.^' oath. axg. The gloss on Liber vocatus Equus, renders 
 " antris, darke hernys." Harl. MS. 1002, f. 113. Rob. Glouc. and Chaucer use 
 this word, which has occurred previously as synonymous with halke. Forby gives 
 
 CAMn. soc. 2 I
 
 242 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Hyssyn', as edderys (heddyr, k. 
 
 nedrys, H. nedders, p.) Sibilo. 
 Hyssynge of edders, or o} er lyke. 
 
 Sihulus (sibihts, s.) 
 Hyt, or towchyd. Tactus. 
 Hyttynge, or towchynge. Tactus. 
 Hyve for bees. Alveare, alvea- 
 
 lium, c. F. apiarinm. 
 Hyvyn', or put yn' hyvys. Apio. 
 Hy)>e, where booty s ryve to londe, 
 
 or stonde.' Stacio, c. F. 
 HoBY, hawke. Alaudarius, ali- 
 
 etus, c.F. et KYLw. (^sparrtis,v.) 
 Hoche, or whyche (husch, s. 
 
 hoche, or hutche, ii. p.)- Cista, 
 
 archa. 
 HooDE. Capicium (^capticium, p.) 
 HoDYD. Capiciatus. 
 Hoodyn'. Capucio (capicio, k.) 
 Hodynge. Capiciahira. 
 HoGGE, swyne. Nefrendis, maialis, 
 
 CATii. et c. F. Hec omnia UG. 
 
 infrendere (^porcus, p.) 
 HooKE (hoke, k. p.) Hamus, 
 
 uncus. 
 IIooKE to hewe wode, or schryd- 
 
 ynge (hoke to hev wyth woode, 
 
 or schraggynge, s.) Sirculus, 
 c. F. (sarculus, s. p.) 
 
 HoKY'D. Hamatus. 
 
 HoL, as pypys, or percyd thyngys 
 (hole, HARL. MS. 2257, hol- 
 lowe, p.}3 Cavus. 
 
 HoLow, as vessellys (hoi, as 
 vesselle or other lyke, k. hole, 
 as vessellys, s.) Concavus. 
 
 HooL fro brekynge (hole, p.) In- 
 teger. 
 
 HooL fro sekenesse (or heyl, h. 
 hole, P.) Sanus, incolumisy 
 sospes. 
 
 Holdyn'. Teneo. 
 
 HoLDYw', or wythe-holdyn'. De- 
 tineo, retineo. 
 
 HoLDYNGE. Tenens. 
 
 HoLDYNGE. Tenax, tencio, de- 
 tencio, retinencia, retencio. 
 
 Hole, or bore. Foramen. 
 
 HooLE, or huske (hole, s. hoU, p.) 
 Siliqua. 
 
 HooLE of pesyn', or benys, or oj^er 
 coddyd frute (hole of peson, or 
 huske, or codde, k. cod frute, p.)"* 
 Techa, CATII. infresus. 
 
 " heme, a nook of land, projecting into another district, parish, or field." At Lynn, 
 where the Promptorium was comjjiled, there is a street called Cold-hirne street, which 
 traverses an angular piece of ground adjoining the confluence of the Lyn and the Ouse. 
 Ang.-Sax. hyrn, angulvs. 
 
 * Hyye, MS. The Winch. MS. agrees here in the reading "hyy," hut it is evident 
 that \iyi>e is more correct. Ang.-Sax. hyt?, partus. Hithe occurs in names of sea 
 ports, and even landing places on rivers, far from the coast. See Forby's observations 
 on this word. Exam|)les are not wanting at Lynn, where a lazar-house is mentioned at 
 the spot called Setchhithe, in H.'JS; in the grant of Edw. VL 1518, it is called Seche- 
 hithe, or the sedt;y landing. Rlomf. Norf. iv. 599. Oxburgh hithe is remote from the 
 main ; Woman hithe and Beck hithe occur near Cromer. 
 
 2 Hutche, ms. By the alphabetical arrangement, the reading, as given from Sir 
 T. Phillipps' MS. seems here to be correct. In the King'sCoU. MS. the word is omitted. 
 See HUTCHE, hereafter. Ang.-Sax. hwaecca, area. 
 
 •' •' Holle, cavus, natnrd coucavtis, arte cuvatus, inani.s. An hollnes, cat^itas.^* 
 CATH. ANG. In Norfolk holl is still commonly used. Ang.-Sax. hoi, cavus. 
 
 ^ In the recipe for ''blaunche perreye " it is directed to " sethe the pesyn in fyne 
 leye," and then rub them with woollen cloth, and " )>e holys wyl a-way." Harl. MS.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 243 
 
 HooLE, or pyt yn an hylle, or 
 
 other lyke (hole, or eryth, s.) 
 
 Caverna, c. f. 
 HooLE of a schyppe (hoUe, k. p.) 
 
 Carina, c. F. 
 (HoLEN, or curen of sekenes, k.s. 
 
 supra in helen, p. Sano, 
 
 euro.) 
 Holyn', or boryfi' (hoolen, or 
 . make hoolys, p.)' Cavo, per- 
 
 Jbro^ terehro. 
 
 Holy. Sanctus, sacer. 
 Y{ohY,hevie\)\y. Celebris,VG.inceIo. 
 (HoLiLY, p.) Sancte, 
 Holy, halwyd place (holyly hal- 
 
 wyde places, s.) Asilum, c. f. 
 Holy hokke, or wylde malowe 
 
 fmalwe, k. s.) Altea, malviscus. 
 Holynesse. Sanctitas, sancti- 
 
 monia. 
 Holm, place be-sydone a watur 
 
 (be-syde a water, s.)^ Hulmus. 
 
 279, f. 25. Skinner derives the word from Ang.-Sax. helan, tegere. " Hull of a 
 beane or pese, escosse. Hull or barcke of a tree, escorce." palsg. " Goiisse, the 
 huske, swad, cod, hull of beanes, pease," &c cotg. Gerarde says tliat Jvena nnda is 
 called in Norfolk and Suffolk " unhuUedotes." In the Craven dialect, the hull is the 
 skin of a potatoe, or the husk of a nut, and to hull signifies to peel off the husk of any 
 seed: in Hampshire the husk of corn is termed the hull. " Pollicula uvarum, the 
 huskes, hulles, or skinnes of grapes. Pericarpium, folliculus, siliqiia, the huske or 
 hull, inclosing the seede." Junius' Nomencl. by Higins. 
 
 ' '^To^ioXe., cavare, perforare, S(c. ubi to thyrle." oath. ang. " Palare, cavare, 
 forare, Anglice to hole, or to bore." Equiv. Job. de Garlandia. A.-S. holian, excavare. 
 
 - The primary meaning of the Ang.-Sax. word Holm appears to be water or ocean ; 
 it implies also a river island, or a level meadow, especially near a stream. It is recorded 
 in the Sax. Chron. A.D. 903, that a great fight occurred between the Kentish men and 
 the Danes " set J>am Holme," but the precise locality has not been ascertained. Holm 
 signifies also an elevated spot, as in the instance of the Steep-holm, so called by way of 
 distinction from the Flat-holm, islands in the mouth of the Severn. Leiand, in his 
 Coram, in Cygn. cant. (Itin. ix. 59,) would derive Dunolmus, Durham, from dune, a 
 hill, and holme, which he interprets thus : " Holme vero eminentis loci, interdum et 
 sylvosi, et aquis clrcumsepti verticem, out eminentiam exprimit." Bp. Kennett has 
 the following remarks : " Homes, properly holms, which signified originally river- 
 islands, or green islands surrounded by running streams ; from a resemblance whereof 
 meadows and pasture grounds are in some places called Homes. A meadow by the late 
 Abbey of St. Austin's, Canterbury, commonly called North-homes ; and a flat pasture 
 in Romney Marsh is yet called the Holmes, &c. An Holm, an island, Westm. ; hence 
 Holme-cultram, Holmby house, &c. Mill-holms, watery places about a mill-dam, from 
 mill, and Sax. holm, which signifies two things, as a hill or rising ground, and a green 
 island, or place almost enclosed with water ; from whence the name of many places 
 almost surrounded with water, as Axholm, Evesholm, corruptly Evesham, &c. The 
 howmes, a green piece of ground near Thirske in Yorkshire, lying between the river 
 Codbeck and the brook called Sewel." Lansd. MS. 1033. In Lincolnshire, as 
 especially near the Trent, the name is frequent; as likewise in Norfolk, and in the 
 vicinity of Lynn, and denotes both low pastures, and elevations of trifling magnitude, 
 but which were perhaps insulated, before draining had been effected. Simon Earl of 
 Huntingdon, who founded St. Andrew's Priory, Northampton, about 1()'4, granted 
 " tres dalos prati, et unttm /lulmuni ;'' and in the donation of H. de Pynkeneye to 
 Canons' Ashby, in 1298, he bestowtnl " totam panturam illam que rocaliir le Hulles, 
 cum dmbus holmis in cainpis Wedone e( Westone." Mou. Ang. i. 680, iii. 292.
 
 244 
 
 PROMPTOIUUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Holme, or holy.^ Ulmua, hussus. 
 Holm, of a sonde yn the see 
 
 (holme of sownde in ]>e see, K. 
 
 holm or sond of the see, harl. 
 
 MS. 2274, of the sonde in the see, 
 
 p.)- Bitalassum, c. f. rel hidmiis. 
 (Holme, or halm, supra, et 
 
 infra in stobul.) 
 HooLNESSE fro brekynge (hol- 
 
 nesse, k.) Integritas. 
 HoLOWNEssE of a vesselle, or 
 
 other lyke wythe-yn forthe 
 
 (holnes, k. of a vessell voyd 
 
 within, H. p.) Concavitas. 
 HoLRYSCHE, or bulrysche (hool 
 
 ryschyn, k. holryschyne, harl. 
 
 MS. 2274.)^ Papirus. 
 HoLSUM. Sahiber, salutiferus. 
 HoLSUMNESSE. Sahihritas, 
 Holt, lytylle wode."* Lucus, vir- 
 
 gultum, vibranum. 
 HooME, or d\velly(n)ge place. 
 
 3Iancio. 
 HooMLY.*'' JFamiliaris, domesticus. 
 
 ' Parkinson gives holm, as a name of the holly: in the North it is called hoUin. 
 K\ig. Sax. ho\tn, aqiiifolium. The Gloss on Gaut. de Bibelesworth renders '^ hous, 
 holyn.'' " Hvssus esf gtcedam arbor que semper tenet viriftitatem, Anglice a holyn.'' 
 ORTUS. "An holyn, hussus ; an holyn bery, /ntssum." cath. ang. It is said of St. 
 Bernard, in the Golden Legend, that after he became Abbot of Clairvaus, " he often 
 made his pottage with leues of holm." Sherwood gives " hollie, holme, or huluer 
 tree, koiix, housson, mesplier saiivage.'' In Norfolk the holly is called liulver, ac- 
 cording to Forby. Compare hulwur, tre, hereafter. 
 
 2 " Bitalassum, a place j^er two sees rennen." med. In the Wicliffite version, Dedis 
 xxvii. 41 is thus rendered : '' And whan we fellen into a place of gravel gon al aboute 
 ■wi}' I'e see {locum dithalassnm, Vulg.) hei hurtleden ]>e ship." Holm seems here to denote 
 the peninsula, or accumulation of alluvial deposit formed at a confluence of waters. It 
 is, however, remarkable that the name does not appear to be thus ajiplied on the Norfolk 
 coast, especially in the neighbourhood of Lynn, where the Promptorium was compiled, 
 and where such deposits are made to a vast extent by the Ouse, and other streams that 
 flow into the Wash. 
 
 3 This name seems to be derived from Ang. -Sax. hoi, caws, and rise, juncus : but 
 as the Scirpus lacnstris, Linn, commonly called bull-rush, has not a hollow but a 
 spongy stem, the proper intention of the term is obscure. 
 
 * " Holt, a wood. It is yet used for an orchard, or any place of trees, as a cherry- 
 holt, an apple-holt, Dunelm. Isl. hollte, salebrce." Bp. Kennelt, Lansd. MS. 1033. 
 Skinner says that holt denotes a grove, or multitude of trees planted thick together, 
 and Tooke asserts that it is the p. part, of Ang. -Sax. helan, to cover, and signifies a 
 rising ground or knoll covered with trees. The word occurs in Cant. T. Prol. line 6 ; 
 Lydgate's Thebes ; Launfal, &c. Among the benefactions of John Hotham, lip. Ely, it 
 is recorded that in 1320 he appropriated, for the distribution of alms on his anniversary, 
 " tenementum vocatum Lythgates, et Barkeres, cum qtiodam aineto rocnto Lythgates 
 liolt." Hist. Elien. Ang. Sacra, i. CA'.i. " Holte, a lytell woode, petit l/oi/s.^' palsg. 
 " Touffe de bois, a hoult, a tuft of trees growing neere a house, and serving for a marke 
 or grace unto the seat thereof." core;. See Jamieson. In names of ])laces it is of 
 occasional occurrence, as the Holt, a wood near Havant, Hants ; Knock-liolt wood, 
 near Tenterden, Kent ; and in Norfolk, according to Forby, a small grove, or planta- 
 tion, is called a holt, as nut-holt, osier-holt, gooseberry-holt, &c. Ang. -Sax boll, lucus. 
 * In the complaint of the Ploughman, t. Edw. Ill , given by Fox, under the year 
 1360, the following version is cited of i. Tim. v. 8 ; " He that forsaketh the charge of 
 thilke that ben homelich with him {suorum, et maxime domcsticorum, Vulg.) hath for-
 
 IMIOMI'TOKIUM PAUVULOKUM. 
 
 245 
 
 (HoMLiMAN, or woman, k. Do- 
 mesticus, domestica,fcnniUaris.^ 
 
 HoMLY, oi- yn homly maiier. Do- 
 mestice, familiariter. 
 
 HooNE, barbarys instrument. 
 
 Cos, KYLW. et Dice. 
 
 HoNY. Mel. 
 
 HoNY cooM (honycom, k.) Favus. 
 
 HoNY SOCLE. Ajiiago, UG. V. 
 in A. {locusta, s.) 
 
 HooPE, vesselle byyndynge (hope, 
 
 K.) Cuneus, circulus, Dice. 
 Hoopyn', or settyfi' hoopys on a 
 
 vesselle. Cuneo. 
 Hope. Spes. 
 Hopyn', or trustyii', or soposyn". 
 
 Estimo, spero, cath. arhitror. 
 HoppE, sede for beyre (bere, 
 
 K. v.y Hmnmiilus, secundum 
 
 extraneos. 
 
 saken his fayth, and is worse than a misbeleued man :'' (in the Wicliffile version, " his 
 owne, and moost of his household men.") Here, and in Gal. v. 10, Wicl. version, the 
 word seems to be used precisely in the sense given to it in the Promptorium ; but it 
 denotes also familiar, by acquaintance, and presuming. " Homely, famylier, through 
 a quaynted, familier. Homelynesse, priuauUi. Homely, saucye, to perte, malapert.^' 
 PALSG. Horman says that " homelynesse {fiducia) comynge of a true harte, is a maner 
 ofvertue," where it seems to imply familiar confidence ; and he uses the word also 
 as follows : " He was homely with her, or had to do with her." 
 
 1 It should seem that the eala, or swatanof the Anglo-Saxons, were not compounded 
 with any bitter condiment, which was essential to the concoction of beer, a drink of 
 Flemish or German origin, and until the XVIth cent, imported from the Continent, or 
 brewed by foreigners only in this country. The Promptorium gives bere, cervisia 
 hnmrmilma, as distinguished from ale, which was not hopped ; Caxton, in the Boke for 
 Travellers, speaking of drinks, makes the distinction, "Ale of England, Byre of Ale- 
 mayne ; " and it appears by the Customs of London, Arnold's Chron. 87, that beer 
 was first made in London by " byere brewars, straungers — Flemyngis, Duchemen," &c. 
 a recipe for making single beer with malt and hops is given, p. 247. It has been as- 
 serted that the use of hops was forbidden by Hen. VI. in consequence of a petition of 
 the Commons, mentioned by Fuller, in his Worthies, under Essex, against " the wicked 
 weed called hops ; "' but no record of the prohibition has been found, and the petition 
 does not appear on the Rolls of Parliament. In the time of Hen. VIII. some prejudice 
 seems to have arisen regarding their use, for among the articles for the reform of sundry 
 misuses in the royal household, 1531, is an injunction to the brewer not to put any hops 
 or brimstone into the ale. Archseol. iii. 157. Hops, called in Dutch Hoppe, Germ. 
 Hopffen, were introduced into England from Artois, between 10 and 15 Hen. VIII. as 
 affirmed in Stowe's Chron. about the time of the expedition against Tournay. Bullein, 
 in the " Bui warke of defence,'' written about 1550, speaksof hops as growing in Suffolk. 
 They are mentioned in the stat. 5 and 6" Edw. VI. c. 5, 1552, as cultivated in England ; 
 Stat, of Realm, iii. 135. Among the privileges conceded to the strangers from the Low 
 Countries, who settled at Stamford, 1572, is a clause regarding the free exercise of 
 husbandry, in which are specified hops, and all things necessary to gardens. Strype, 
 Life of Parker, App. 115. The management of hops was quickly acquired, as appears 
 by the instructions given by Tusser, in March's and June's husbandry, published 
 1557- See also the Treatise by Reyn. Scott, 1574; and Harrison's Descr. of Brit. 
 Holinsh. i. 110. The remarks of Leonard Mascall, in his Art of Planting, under the 
 head of " certeyne Dutch practises," p. 85, edit. 1592, are detailed, and curious ; and 
 he appears to have been conversant with the method adopted in Flanders. The stat. 1 
 Jac. I. c. 18, against the deterioration of hops, shows that a large quantity was still 
 supplied in 1(;03 from foreign parts. See Beckman's Hist, of Inventions, iv. 325, and 
 CuUum's Hawsted, 202.
 
 246 
 
 PROMPrORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 HopPE, sede of flax (hooppe, seed 
 or flax, s.y Sinodtilum, Imo- 
 dium, KYLW. (Jincidulum, v.) 
 
 Hoppyn' as fleys, or froschys, or 
 other lyke. Salio. 
 
 Hoppyn', or skyppyn', infra (or 
 dawnsen, k. p.) Salto. 
 
 HoppYNGE, or skyppynge. Sal- 
 tacio. 
 
 HopuR of a mylle, or a tramale 
 (tramel, s.)- Taratantara, 
 c \T II. farricapsium. Dice. 
 
 HopuR of a seedlepe (or a seed- 
 lepe, HARL. MS. 22TA.) Su- 
 torium, saticulum, UG. v. in S. 
 
 HoRcop, bastarde."^ 3Ianzer, 
 
 spurius, spuria, pelignus, pe- 
 
 ligna (pelinus, p.) 
 HooRD, tresowre (horde, k.) 
 
 Thesaurus, herarium. 
 (HooRDHOWsE, infra in tre- 
 
 SOWRIE.) 
 
 Hore, woman (hoore, h. p.) Me- 
 retrix (pelix, p.) 
 
 Horehowse, supra in B. bor- 
 delle. (Lnpanar, fornia;, p.) 
 
 Horel, or hullowre (hollowr, s. 
 holour, p.)"* Fornicator, li- 
 cantor, leno, rivalis, mechus, 
 fornicatrix, licantrix, mecha 
 (Jecator, K. s. leciatrix, cori- 
 nalis, p.) 
 
 ' This obsolete appellation of linseed occurs in the gloss on G. de Bibelesworth. 
 " Du lyn aiteret le boceaus (hoppen,) 
 
 De canbre auerez les cordeus (ropes.)'' Arund. MS. 220, f. 299, b. 
 
 In the Liber vocatus femina, MS. Trin. Coll. Cant, this passage is given as follows. 
 " Ore alez a semer v're li/nois, 
 Now go)' to sow jour flex. 
 Qar de lynois vous auez lez busceaux, 
 For of flex je haue \>vit hoppes." 
 
 The Ortus gives " apiutn est nomen herbe, ache, or hoppe ; " and in the interpretations 
 by MasterGeoflFrey of Job. de Garland, de Equiv. occur " Coma, /nidus corni, hoppe : 
 comus, quidam arbor, hoppe tre, ut qitidam dicunt.'" 
 
 2 "An hopy r, ferricapsa, eat molendini ; saticulum, satum, seitiinarium." cath. 
 ANG. The proper distinction is here made between tiie hopper, or the trough wherein 
 the grain is put in order to be ground, mentioned by Chaucer, Reve's T. 4009, so 
 termed from the hopping movement given to it, and the seed.leep, which was also 
 called a hopper. " Hopper of a myll, tremye.'^ palsg. " Seminar iitm, vas quo 
 2)onitur semen, a.n hopre.''^ med. It is in this last sense that Perkyn the Ploughman 
 says that he will become a pilgrim, 
 
 " And hange myn hoper at myn hals 
 
 Instede of a scryppe." Vis. of P. Ploughm. line 3917. 
 
 In Lincolnshire, according to Bp. Kennett, a little hand-basket is termed a hoppet ; 
 and in Yorkshire a hopper is " a seed lip, or basket wherein the sower puts his corn." 
 Lansd. MS. \0'S.]. An implement of domestic use, ])robably for prinding grain, is men- 
 tioned among the eflfects of Thos. Arkyndall, of Northallerton, l!:)f>. " A leed and y* 
 stane, xij. rf. A hoppyng tre, vj. </." Wills and Inv. Surt. Soc. i. 104. See tramaly 
 of a mylle, ceed lepk, and seed lepp. 
 
 3 Palsgrave gives " horecoppe,'' without any Frencli word. 
 
 * See hui,lowre. Horell, Towiil. Myst. " Horrell, or whoremonger, concubitor, 
 Ubidinarius." huloet. A dcbauclicd person was called in Fr. kouricur.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 247 
 
 (HoRLEGE, supra in dyale, et 
 
 infra in orlage.) 
 Horne. Cornu, et in plur. 
 
 cornua sunt vires. 
 Horn A re, or horne make(r).' 
 
 Cornutarius. 
 HoRNYD. Corn7itus. 
 Horn keke, fysche (horne stoke, 
 
 s. hornkek, or garfysshe, p.)- 
 Hornpype.3 Palpista, kylw. 
 
 (psalmisfa, s.) 
 Horone, herbe.-* Collocasia, 
 
 marubium, prassa. 
 HoRS. Equus. 
 
 Horsys colere. Eph(ipp)ium, 
 
 co.Nnf. columhar. 
 Horse combe. Strigilis, ug. in 
 
 strideo. 
 Hors, gelt, or gelt horse. Cau- 
 
 terius, cath. 
 Horsbere.-^ Lectica, ug. in lego. 
 
 hajulum, ug. v. in B. {has- 
 
 terna, s.) 
 Horsys barneys. Ep{ip)h,ia, c. f. 
 
 falerum, c. F. 
 Horsys mane. Juba, cath. 
 Horskepare (horsman', s.) 
 
 Equarius. 
 
 ' The art of working in horn was one in which the English were formerly much 
 skilled. In 1464 the horners presented a petition to Parliament against strangers, who 
 came " to understond the konnyng, and feate of makyng of horns." Rot. Pari. iv. 567. 
 " Horner, a maker of homes, co7-we/<ier; horneresser, a woman, cor?ie^/«ere," palsg, 
 
 • " Hornkecke, a fysshe lyke a mackerell." palsg. Esox belone, Linn. Ang.-Sax. 
 horn, cornu, and ceac, gena. See garfysche. 
 
 3 Chaucer, in the Rom. of R. speaks of the discordant sounds of " hornepipes of 
 Cornewaile," which, as it has been remarked in the note on the word cormuse, seem 
 to have been identical with that instrument, called likewise, according to Roquefort, 
 muse, in Latin musa. The rustic dance, to which the name of hornpipe was transferred 
 from the instrument that served as an accompaniment, seems to be described by Jean 
 de Meung, where he relates that Pygmalion took the " insf rumens de CornouaiUe," or 
 " 7nuse," and danced to animate his statue. Rom. de la Rose, 21,874. The horn-pipe 
 is mentioned as a musical instrument by Spenser and B. Jonson. No explemation has 
 been found of the word palpista. 
 
 * The plant here intended is the white horehound, Marrubium vulgare, Linn. A.-S. 
 hara-hune, marrubium. " Horon,a herbe. Horehounde, herbe, langue de chien.'' fxlsg. 
 
 5 The horse-litter, or horse-bere, Ang.-Sax. baere, feretrum, grabatus, was used at 
 an early period in England, and probably introduced from the South. See Mr. Mark- 
 land's Remarks on Carriages, Archseol. xx. 445. Bede relates that Ceolfrid, Abbot of 
 Wiremuth, pursued his journey to Rome, during which he died, A.D. 716, " cum ad 
 hoc per infirmitalem deveniret, ut equitare non valens feretro caballario vehereiur S'' 
 W. Malmsb. relates that the corpse of Rufus was conveyed by the rustics to Winchester 
 "i« rhedd caballarin,^' which in the Polychronicon is termed a " horse bere," and by 
 Fabian a " horse litter." M. Westm. describes the retreat of King John from Swines- 
 head, when, having lost his " bigas, et qnasdam clitellas,'' in the Wash, and falling 
 sick, he was thus carried to Newark, "facta lectica equestri, descendit de palfrido, et 
 ipsam intravit.'" G. de Bibelesworth, who wrote in the reign of Edw. \. says, 
 
 " Pur eyse en litier (on hors bere) horn chiuauche." 
 
 " Bastema est theca manualis vet itineris, a carre, or a chareot, or horse lytter. Lec- 
 iica dicitur currus in quo de/ertur lectus ; et proprie lectus portabilis, a charet or a 
 horslytter." ortus. " Horse lytter, letiere auj: c/ieuavlx." palsg. Horse litters, 
 called by Commenius arcercc or lecticce, carried by two horses, according to the fashion 
 in use in Holland, are represented in the Orbis Sensualium, p. Ill, ed. 1659.
 
 248 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 HoRSMAN, or he jjat rydythe 
 
 (horsys, s.) Equester. 
 HoRSMYNTE, hcrbe. Balsamita, 
 
 mentantrum. 
 HoRscHO (horsissho, k. horsis sho, 
 
 p.) Babatum, kylw. ferrus, 
 
 c. F. (balatmn, k. p.) 
 Horsys tayle. Penis, cath. 
 Hoos (hors, k, hoorse, p.)* Rau- 
 
 cus, UG. 
 (Hoorsnesse, harl. MS. 2274. 
 
 Iiaucoi\) 
 HosE.2 CciUga (osa, cath. s.) 
 HosuN, or don on hosun (hosyn, 
 
 or done on hosun, k.) Caligo. 
 
 HosEBOND (as, K.) weddyd man 
 
 (hosbonde or husbonde, p.) Ma- 
 
 ritus. 
 HosEBOKDE (or husbonde, mfra) 
 
 of (wise, K. p.) gouernaunce of 
 
 an howsholde. Paterfamilias. 
 Hose a RE, or he )jat makythe 
 
 hosyne (hosejere, k. hosiare, s. 
 
 hoser', p.)-^ Caligarius. 
 HoosHEDE, or hoosnesse (hoshed, 
 
 K. hoorshede, or hoorsnesse, p.) 
 
 Raucitas, rancor. 
 HoosE, or cowghe (host, or cowhe, 
 
 K. host, or cowgth, s. boost, 
 
 HARL. MS. 2274.)"* Tussis. 
 
 ^ The reading may seem here to be questionable, but the Winch. MS. agrees in 
 giving hoos. Chaucer writes " horse of sowne," speaking of a hunter's horn. Wachter 
 observes that hoarse seems to lead to Ger. hreis, hieisch, formed from Lat. raucus, but 
 hoos, and hoosnesse, which occurs just below, resemble more nearly the Ang.-SsLX. 
 has, rancns, and hasnys, raucedo. In the Lat. Eng. Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. 
 is given " raucedo, hasnes." Horman says, " he hath a great haskenes, ^rai^i asMwia^e 
 implicatur.''' Compare harske, or haske, above. 
 
 " The precise nature of the article of dress, to which the name hos was given by the 
 Anglo-Saxons, it is not easy to define : it is rendered by Elfric " caliga, ocrea.^' la 
 early illuminations their legs are frequently represented as covered by bands, as it seems, 
 wound around them, and these perhaps were termed hose-bendas, which has been sup- 
 posed to denote garters. The word hose is common to the Dutch, Danish, and Ice- 
 landic languages, and the old French houses, or /tenses, seem to have been identical 
 therewith, P. Warnefridus states that the Lombards used hose (kosis), and wore over 
 them " iubruffos birreos,^' when on horseback. Gest. Longob. iv. c. 23. " Calceo, i. 
 caliya.1 et soiulares induere, to put on hose. Oso, i. osas calciare, to house. Caliga, 
 hose ; calicnla, a lytellhose." ortus. " An hose, caliga. Versus : Sunt ocree calige 
 yuos tibia portal amictus. To hose, calciare, caligare." cath. ang. " Hose for ones 
 legges, chausscs. Hosyn and shossys, cha{u)ssure. Payre of hose from the kne vp, 
 demy chausses. Fnyre of sloppe hoses, braieties a marinier." palsg. In the XVIth 
 cent, the term hose was used to denote the entire nether garment, comprising the upper 
 stocks, or breeches, and the nether-stocks of hosen, or stockings. The directions of 
 Queen Eliz. by proclamation in 1565 are curiously explicit as to the prescribed pro- 
 prieties of this article of dress. Strype's Ann. Vol. i. App. 78. 
 
 ' " An hosyrer (sic) calciator, caligator." cath. ang. " Hosyer, that maketh 
 hostn, cAausgeltier.^' palsg. Sherwood observes on the word "Hosier, chaussetier ; 
 unjourdhui ()6(jO) a Londres on appelle ainsi les cousturiers fjui vendeni les habits 
 d'homme to7is/aits." 
 
 4 " Tnssis, host." Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. "An host, tussis, ■ to host, 
 tussire." cath. ang. " /?a?<ce(Zo, hoocenesse ; raucidus, hooce; raucidulns, sum dele 
 hoce ; raucus, hoost.^' med. Forby gives hoist, a cough. Ang.-Sax. hwosta, /ks«is. 
 
 " Yvresce fait fort home chutouner (creopen,) 
 
 Home aroee (hoo8)./ai7 haul hvpcr (jellen.)" G. de Bibelesw.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUNf. 
 
 249 
 
 Hostyn'. Oscito, UG. V. m H. 
 
 literd. 
 HosTYv', or rowhyn', or cowghyn 
 
 (rowwhyn, ii. rewyn, or cowhyn, 
 
 S.) Tussio, CATH. tUSsitO, CATH. 
 
 Hoot. Calidus, fervichis. 
 
 HOOTT BATHE. Murtetum, CATH. 
 
 et c. F. et UG. in viordeo, et in 
 (plurali, s.) terme, c. f. 
 (HoTYX, or lietyn, supra, p.) 
 
 Hotyn', or make beheste (hotyn 
 
 or behotyn, K. p.)' Promitto. 
 HoTYNGE, or behotynge, or behest 
 
 (behestynge, k.) Promissio. 
 HoTYNGE, or hetynge. Calefactio. 
 Howe, or what (ho\v3, or qwow, 
 
 s.) Quoniodo, qucditer. 
 Howe, or hure, heed hyllynge 
 
 (howue, s. p.)2 Tena, cath. 
 
 capedulum, c. f. sidaris, c. f. 
 
 Compare cowyx or hostyn. The Craven dialect still retains the word hoste, hoarse- 
 ness. See also Jamieson. 
 
 1 Hetyn', MS. " Spondeo, to be-hoote. Sponsor et fidejussor, aheetere." med. ms. 
 CANT. "Promitto, /J?i,y//ce, to behj^ght. P/-oj?«/.y.S7'o, a beheste. Dispondeo, tohe.-\\yg\it, 
 or to plyght trouth. Nutio, a promyse, or liyghtynge " ortus. " To beheste, destinare, 
 vovere, promittere, i^-c. A beheste, policitacio, jiromlssum, votian.'^ cath. ang. 
 Compare BEHOTYN, or make a beheste, above. Ang.-Sax. hata.n, jitbere ; behatan, 
 vovere. In the complaint of the Ploughman, given by Fox, under the year 13G0, it is 
 said, " though we preyen thee but a litle and shortlich, thou wilt thenken on vs, and 
 graunten vs that vs nedeth, for so thou behighted vs somtime :" and again, " thou 
 yhightest some tyme, &c. He (the Pope) behoteth men the blisse of heauen, withouten 
 any payne, that geuen him much money." Hote, signifying a proaiise, is used by R. 
 Brunne ; it occurs in Townl. Myst. p. 46 ; and the verb, thou hete, het or hight, thou 
 didst promise. By R. Glouc. and other writers to hote is used in the sense of to com- 
 mand, or be called. 
 
 2 This term, derived from Ang.-Sax. hufa, cidaris, is used to denote head-coverings 
 of almost every description. In the satirical song on the Consistory Courts, in the 
 time of Edward I. Polit. Songs, ed. Wright, 156, it is said, 
 
 " Furst ther sit an old cherle in a blake hure, 
 Of all that ther sitteth semeth best syre." 
 
 It signifies a cap of estate, as in the bequest of John Earl of Warren, Surrey, and Strath- 
 orne, 1347: " jeo devys a Monsr. Witt, de Warenne mon filz ma hure d'arc/enf dorri 
 pour Strathorne, ove le cercle dUiryent dor re pour ycel.'''' Testam. Ebor. i. 43. Margaret 
 de Knaresburgh devises, in 1397, " flameolam defilo, cumj. calamandro, ac houfe ; 
 pannum de \ak ; te^iam de cerico ; Jlameolain de crispo," &c. Ibid. p. 221. In the 
 Vision of P. Ploughm. 418, allusion is made to the " howves of selk," worn by ser- 
 jeants-at-law ; and Chaucer, in the Revo's Prol. 3909, uses the phrase " set his howve ;" 
 and speaks of " an howve above a call." Troil. B. iii. 775. In 1482, a petition was 
 preferred to Parliament by the craft of " hurers, cappers," &c. against the injurious 
 use of machinery, then introduced to supersede manual labour, by means of a fulling 
 mill, whereby the quality of " huers, bonettes and cappes " was depreciated. See Rot. 
 Pari. vi. 233 ; Stat, of Realm, 22 Edw. IV., where they are termed " hurez, huretz," 
 &c. Caxton says, in the Boke for Travellers, " Maulde the huue, or calle maker 
 (^huuetier) maynteneth her wisely : she selleth dere her calles, or huues {hiities), she 
 soweth them with two semes." " Pileus, a cappe, an hatte, an hove, or a coyfe." med. 
 " Tena tenet et ornat caput mulieris, Anylice a howfe, i. extrema pars ritte, qud de- 
 pendent conifg." ORTVS. " An howfe, tena." cath. ang. " Houe that a chylde is 
 borne in, iaye.^^ palsg. Sir T. Brown, in Vulgar Errors, B. v, c. 11, alludes to the 
 CAMD. SOC. 2 K
 
 250 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Howe, or Heve, propyr name. 
 
 (Howwe, or Huwe, iiarl. ms. 
 
 2274, How, or Hw, s. Hue, p. 
 
 Hew, w.)' Hugo. 
 Hove, or grownd yvy (herbe, p.)- 
 
 Edera terrestris. 
 Hove of oyle, as barme, and ale 
 
 (hove, or holy, as barme of ale, 
 
 s.)3 Amuria, UG. in mergo. 
 HovYL, lytylle howse. Teges, 
 
 CATH. et c. F. (tega, p.) 
 HovYL for swyne, or o)>er beestys. 
 
 Cartahulum, c. f. (^catahulum, 
 
 s.) 
 HowLE, byrde. Buho, cath. 
 Howlyn', as beestys. Ululo. 
 HowLYNGE of doggys, or o|)er 
 
 beestys. Ululatus. 
 
 How LONGE. Quamdiu, quous- 
 
 que, usquequo. 
 How MANY. Quot< 
 Howe mekylle (howemoche, p.) 
 
 Qiumtus, 
 HowNDE. Cams, cath. 
 HowNDE FYSHE. C(mis mavinus, 
 
 COMM. 
 HowNDE FLYE. Chiomia, C.F. vel 
 
 cinifex, couu.t^el cinifes, comm. 
 HowNDYS colere (howndych co- 
 
 lowre, s.) Millus, cath. 
 How oftyn'. Qnoclens. 
 HowsE. Domus, CATH. edes. 
 Howselyn' wythe the sacrament 
 
 (as the sacrament, s.)-* Com- 
 
 munico. 
 HowsHOLDE. Familia. 
 
 superstitious notions in regard to the caul, or membrane wherein the head of a new- 
 born infant is occasionally wrapped, called the silly-how, Ang.-Sax. saeli^, beatus, hufa, 
 ridaris ; Swed. seger hufwa. In Scotland it is termed the haly, or sily-how. See 
 Brand's Popular Ant. ; Ruddiman's Gloss, to G. Douglas, v. How; and Jamieson. 
 Compare hwvr, cappe, hereafter. 
 
 1 " Huchone, Hugo, nomen proprium viri." cath. ang. 
 
 - Ground-ivy, gill, or ale-hoof, Glechoma hederacea, Linn, was anciently esteemed 
 both in medicine and as a condiment used in the concoction of ale. G. dc Bibeleswortli 
 mentions " eyre de boys, e eyre terestre (heyhowe.)" Arund. MS, 220, f. 131. " Edera 
 terrextris ys an herbe )>at me clepyh erth yuye, or heyoue ; " its virtues are detailed, 
 Roy. MS. 18 A. VI. f. 74, b. In John Arderne's Practica, Sloane MS. hG, f. «! , the use 
 of " haihouc, »e/ halehoue, ?;e/folfoyt, ?;(?/horshoue," in the composition of an unguent, 
 called Salus populi, is set forth. Gerard calls it ale-hoof, or tun-hoof, and states that 
 " the women of our Northern ])arts, especially about Wales and Cheshire, do tunne the 
 herbe ale-hoof into their ale.'' Compare tunhove, hereafter. Langham, in the 
 Garden of Health, I.'j/!), details the qualities of " Alehoofe, ground iuie, gilrumbith, 
 ground or Tudnoore ; " and Cotgrave gives " paite de chat, cats-foot, alehoofe, tune- 
 hoofe, ground ivy, Gill creep by the ground." Skinner thought that ale-hoof was de- 
 rived from all, and behofe, uiiliias, from its numerous medicinal properties, but the 
 derivation of the name is possibly from hof, mujnia, in allusion to the hoof-shaped leaf. 
 In the West, the i)lant colt's-foot is called horse's hoof. It is possible that the read- 
 hofe of the Anglo-Saxon herbals is the ground ivy, to which, however, the name eor'5- 
 ifig was assigned. 
 
 ' The reading here seems to require corrc(!tion ; the word does not occur in the other 
 MSS. or in the printed editions. Aniurca is exjiiained by Ugutio, and in the Ortus, to 
 be " inferior/ex olei, dregs of oyle," but Mnria signifies the " superior /ea,' olei;" and 
 iiovK here seems to be ))ut for such impurities as float on the surface. Compare the 
 Tcrb HovYN yn water, or ol-cr lycoure. 
 
 * la the curious directions to the parish priest regarding the instructions which he
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 251 
 
 HowsHOLDARE (liowsalder, k.) 
 Patei' familias, yconomxis. 
 
 Howsyn', or puttyn yn a howse. 
 Domifero, catii. 
 
 Howsyn', or makyn' howsys. 
 {Domijico, CATH. s. p.) 
 
 HowsKEPARE. JEdituus, edituu, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 HowsLEKE, lierbe, or sengrene.^ 
 Barha Jovis, semper viva, ju- 
 barbium, c. F. 
 
 HowEsoNE. Quamtocins, quam- 
 ciciiis. 
 
 Howtyn', or cryyn'. Boo, kylw. 
 
 Howtyn', or cryen as shepmenn 
 (howten, K. p. howen, j. w.)- 
 Celeumo, cath. 
 
 HowTYNGE,crye.^ Boema, cath. 
 et KYLW. Sohowe, the hare ys 
 fownde, boerna, lepus est in- 
 ventus. 
 
 Howhyn' (howghyn, k. howwhyn, 
 H.y Subnervo (^enervo, p.) 
 
 Ho vyn' yn watur, or ojjer lycoure.^ 
 Supernato. 
 
 Hovyn' yn' j^e eyre, as byrdys (as 
 
 was bound to give bis flock in tbe mother-tongue, at least four times in the year, it 
 is said of the wine given to the laity, " Lewede men J^at underfongej' Godys body ne 
 shul nowjt by-leue hat hat drynke hat hey vnderfongeh after here howsel, ys any oher 
 sacrament bute wyne and water for to brynge in he oste he betere." Burney MS. 37G, 
 p. 93. Compare Add. MS. 10,053, f. 109. " Communico, to makecomun, orhousel. 
 Communio, a comunynge, or a houselynge. Ceyia, a souper or a houslynge." ortus. 
 " Oblata, howsell." Harl. MS. 1587. " Eukarialia, howsyll." Roy, MS. 17 C. XVII. 
 " Tohowsylle, commtinicare." cath. ang. In the Accounts of the Churchwardens of 
 Walden, 36 Hen. VI. a charge occurs "pro lavacione j. manuteryii pro hoselynge.'' 
 Hist, of Audley End. In the Golden Legend it is said in the Life of St. John, " he 
 said the masse, and houseled and comuned the people." Ang. -Sax. huslian, Eucha- 
 ristiam celebrare ; husel, panis sacer. 
 
 • " House leke, iombarde," palsg. W. Turner says that " Sedmn magnum is called 
 also in Latin sempervivum, in English houseleke, and of som singren, but it ought better 
 to be called aygrene." Herbal, 1562. See orpyn, hereafter. 
 
 - HowcYN, MS. See the note on halow, schypmannys crye. 
 
 3 HowNTYNGE crye, ms. The alphabetical arrangement indicates an error in this 
 reading, and all the other MSS., as likewise Pynson's edition, read Howtynge, cry ; 
 howynge, W. de Worde, ed. 1516. In the curious Treatise, entitled the Master of the 
 Game, Vesp. B. xii. and Harl. MS. 5086, will be found a detailed account of the 
 proper use of "so how," and all the stimulating cries used in field sports. See also 
 the " huntynge of the haare," in Dame Julyana Bernes' Boke of Huntynge, sign. d. iij. 
 
 ■» To hough, or hock the ham-strings, seems to be derivable from Ang. -Sax. boh, 
 poples, or possibly the etymon heawan, secure, may be preferred. In the Wicliffite 
 version, Josh. xi. 6, it is written " thou shalt hoxe the horses, subnei-vabis," Vulg. A 
 statement in Rot. Pari. vi. 38, sets forth that in a riot in Yorkshire 1472, one Rich. 
 Williamson was " speared, and hough synued." 
 
 * Minot, who wrote about 1350, speaks of the French fleet sent against the English 
 coasts, composed of galleys, carectes, and galiotes, 
 
 " With grete noumber of smale botes, 
 Al thai hoved on the flode." iii. p. 11. 
 In R. Wimbeldoa's Sermon at Paul's Cross, 1389, given by Fox, it is said, "In a 
 tonne of wyne the dreggis dwellen byneth, and the cliere wynehoueth aboue." Compare 
 HOVK of oylc, and klktyn. The verb to hove, in the various senses lierc given, appears 
 to be derived from hof, the past tense of Ang.-Sax. hebbau, eleoare.
 
 252 
 
 PROMPTORIUAI PARVULORUM. 
 
 bryddys, or skyis, or other lyke, 
 K. hovun in eyjire, as byrdys, or 
 askyys, h. as birdis, or askes, 
 p.)' Supervolo, supervolito. 
 Hovyn' on hors, and a-bydyii'.- 
 
 Sirocino, kylw. 
 (HucHE, K. Cista, archa.) 
 HwYR, cappe (hvyr, k. hure, ii. 
 
 huwyr, p. hurwyr, j. w.)^ Tena, 
 
 c. F. et UG. in teneo. 
 HwKSTARE(hukstei-e, k.)** Auxio- 
 
 nator, auxionatfix, auxionarius. 
 HuKSTARE of frute. Colibista. 
 HuLKE, shyppe.'^ Hulcus. 
 HuLLOwRE, idem quod horel, 
 
 supra-^ 
 
 ^ This word is evidently synonymous with hover. The reading " skyis " is question- 
 able, but SKYE occurs hereafter in the sense of a cloud. See the earlier Wicliffite ver- 
 sion, Deut. xxxii. 11, "As an egle forthclepynge his bryddis to flee, and on hem 
 houynge {super eos voittans," Vulg.) 
 
 2 This verb is used in this sense by R. Glouc. p. 218; Chaucer, Troil. B. v. ; Gower, 
 and other writers. Fabyan speaks of Jack Cade, 1450, as " houynge at Blackhethe ;'' 
 and states that at Bosworth, " some stode houynge a ferre of, tyl they saw to the 
 whyche partye the victory fyll.'' In the description of that conflict, as given in the 
 song of Lady Bessy, by Humphrey Brereton, Richard says, 
 
 " I myselfe will hove on the hill, I say, 
 
 The fair battle I will see." page 44. 
 
 •' See the note on howe, or hure, heed hyllynge. 
 
 4 " Auccionarius , a hukstere : Auccio, ekynge : Auccionor, tomerchaunt, and huk.'' 
 MED. " I hucke, as one dothe that wolde bye a thing good cheape, le harcelle and Je 
 marchande." palsg. Junius derives huckster from the Dutch Hoecker, a retailer, 
 because he endeavours to hook, or draw in strangers ; but it seems to be allied to the 
 Ang.-Sax. eacan, augere, because he sells at a higher price than the first dealer. In 
 Friar Michael's Satire on the people of Kildare, written about 1308, the huckster ap- 
 pears to have been a female victualler. 
 
 " Hail be 3e, hokesters, dun bi Jjc lake, 
 
 Wi|' caudles and golokes and )^e pottes blak, 
 
 Tripis and kine fete and schepen heuedes.'' Harl. MS. 913, f. 8, b. 
 
 In the oath of the beadle of the ward, and of constables, according to the Customs of 
 London, is the following clause : " Ye shalbe no regrater of vitale, nor none huxter of 
 ale, nor partiner with none of theym." Arnold's Chron. 93. " Ilucster, a man, qxio- 
 quetier : Hucster, a woman, quoquetierc.''' palsg. " Howkstar that sellcthe meate 
 and (Irynke, cavjio." klyot. ^' Regrateiir, an huckster, mender, dresser, trimmer up 
 of old things for sale. Revendeur, a huckster, or regrator. Maquiynon, a hucster, 
 broker, horse-couiser." cotg. 
 
 * In the version of Vegecius, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. it is said that warfare^ by sea 
 should be suspended after the equinox, when " grete vcssellcs made for the nones 
 (for aventure of mcrchaundise) as carickes, dromondis, hevy hidkis, grete cogges, and 
 shippes of toure,"' may venture forth ; but (he captain, who must lead his troops in 
 " small and light vessels, as galeies, barges, fluynnes, and liidlyngers,'' is dissuaded from 
 the attempt. B. iv. c. 39. W'alsingham relates that in the engagement between the 
 Duke of Bedford and the French, 14Ui, " cepit tres caricas, ct ttnnm fiulkaw, et qua- 
 tuor baliiifjtirias.^' Camd. 394, " Hulke, a shyppe, hevrcque.''' palsg. " Orque, a 
 hulke, a huge ship." cotg. 
 
 ^ This term of rej)roach is used by Rob. Glouc. and Chaucer, W. of Bathe's Prol. 
 5836 ; and again in the I'ersone's Tale, as follows : " If he repreve him uncharitably of
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 253 
 
 HuLwuR, tre (huluyr, k. p.y 
 
 Hulmus, hulcus, aut huscus. 
 HuMLOK, herbe. Sicuta, lingua 
 
 cams (intuba, p.) 
 HuMMYNGE (hunynge, s.) Beuma 
 
 (^secundum Levsay, s.) 
 HuNDRYD. Centum. 
 HuNDRYD tyraes. Cencies. 
 HuNGYR. Fames, esuries. 
 Hungry. Fameliciis, esuriens. 
 Hungryn', or waxyn' hiuigyr 
 
 (wax hungry, s.) Esurio. 
 HuNTARE. Venator. 
 HuNTYNGE. Venacio, venatus. 
 HuNToN. Venor. 
 HuRDYCE, or hustylment (hurdyse, 
 
 H. p. hustysment, k. vstylment, 
 
 s.)2 UtensUe (^suppellex, p.) 
 Hurl, or debate. Sedicio, c. f. 
 HvRLERE, or debate maker. Se- 
 
 diciosus, c. F. 
 Hurlyn', or debatyii'.^ Incursor, 
 
 c. F. 
 HuRLYNGE, or stryfe. Incui'ciu, 
 
 C. F. C07lflictUS. 
 
 HuRTE, or hurtynge. Lesiojesura. 
 Hurt, or hurtyd. Lesus. 
 HuRTUN, or harmyn'. Ledo. 
 Hurt(el)ynge (hurtlynge, k.) 
 
 Collisio, contactus. 
 Hurtelyn', as too thyngys to- 
 
 gedur (herthyn, h. hurcolyn, s.) 
 
 sinne, as, thou holour I thou dronkelowe harlot ! and so forth." In the version of 
 Vegecius, Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. it is said of the selection of soldiers, that "fishers, 
 foulers, runnours, and gestours, lechours, and holours ne shulde not be chosen to 
 knyghthode, ne not be suffred comma nyghe the strengthes, — for this maner of menne 
 with her liistes shulle rather nasshe the hertes of warriours to lustes, thenne hardenne 
 theim to fighte." B. i. c. 7. In the Towneley Myst. the words holard and horell occur. 
 
 " Thise dysars and thise hullars, 
 Thise cokkers and thise boUars, 
 And alle purs cuttars, 
 
 Bese welle war of thise men." Processus talentorum, p. 242. 
 
 " Holier, houlleur ; dibauche, luxurieux.^' roquef. See Ducange, v. /fo/e/-ii. 
 
 1 The holly is still called in Norfolk hulver, and in Suffolk iiulva ; it seems to be the 
 tree which is called by Chaucer "an hulfere," in the Complaint of the Black Knight. 
 Skinner supposes it may be so called from its holding or lasting long, Aug.-Sax. feor, 
 longe, or holding fair, as being evergreen. " Houx, the holly, holme, or hulver tree. 
 Petit hoH.v, kneehulver, butchers broom." cotg. Holland, in his translation of Pliny, 
 speaks of the " holly or hulver tree." B. xxiv. c. 13. 
 
 2 In Coer de Lion " hurdys " are mentioned repeatedly, lines 6127, 39G9 ; " hur- 
 dices," K. Alis. 2785, but evidently signify barricades, palissades, or large shields 
 termed pavises. See Ducange, v. Hurdicmm. It may in the sense above given have 
 been used metaphorically. 
 
 2 In a satire on the studies of the Dialecticians of the times of Edw. I. it is said, 
 
 " Whan menne horlith ham here and there, 
 
 Nego saveth ham fram care." Polit. Songs, ed. Wright, 211, 
 
 " Y was hurlid, and turned upsodoun {imptdsus eversus sitm, Vulg.) ^at y schulde falle 
 doun, and he lord took me up." Ps. cxvii. 13, Wicl. version. John Payne writes to 
 his master, John Paston, regarding the trouble that befell him in Cade's rebellion, 
 1450, " and a-none aftyr y' hurlyng the Byshop Rosse apechyd me to the Quene." 
 Past. Lett. i. 62. Horman says of troublous times, " in that whorlynge of the worlde
 
 254 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 hurchyn togeder, p.y Impingo, 
 coUido. 
 
 Hurron', or bombon as bees, and 
 other lyke (hurryn,or bumbyn as 
 ben, K. hurren or bumbyn or been, 
 or other hke, p.) Bomhizo. 
 
 HusBONDE,iV/e»i qrwd hosebond, 
 supra (husbond of gouernawnce, 
 K. man of gouernaunce, p.- Pa- 
 terfamilias.^ 
 
 (HusBONDE, wedded man, p. 
 Mar it us, J. w.) 
 
 HusBONDYN'jOrwyselydyspendyfi' 
 
 worldely goodys. Dispense, ico- 
 nomico, c. f. vel prudenter dis- 
 pensare. 
 
 HusBONDYS brothere. Liissus, c.f. 
 
 HusKE of frute, or o]jer lyke. 
 CorticiUus,cuUea, vein claudo, 
 folliculus, CATH. et c. F. acinus 
 vel acinum, c. f. 
 
 HusKE, fyshe (husk, fishe, k. h. 
 husk of fyshe, s. p.)-^ Squa- 
 mus, c. F. squarus, cath. 
 
 HusKE of a note. Nuci, UG. in 
 noceo (iiauci, s.) 
 
 {temjtorum novitate) I wiste nat what to do. Hurrelynge, murmura,'" " I hurle, I 
 make a noyse as the wynde dothe, ie Iruys.'''' palsg. 
 
 ' " Collicio, to-gidur hurtlynge. Collisus, to-gidur hurtled." med. The sounds 
 produced by the minstrels at a marriage, described in William and the Werwolf, were 
 so varied and powerful that the hearers might think 
 
 " J^at heuen hastili and erhe schuld hurtel to gader, 
 So desgeli it denede that al )>er)>e quakede." p. 
 
 180. 
 
 This word is of frequent occurrence in the Wicliffite version. " The litil children were 
 hurtlid togidere {colUdebaniur, Vulg.) in her wombe." Gen. xxv. 22. See also Mark 
 ix. 17 ; Dedis xxvii. 41. In the Golden Legend it is said of the final Judgment, " the 
 seuenth sygne, the stones shal smyte and hurtle togyder." It is used by Chaucer, 
 Spenser, and Shakespeare. 
 
 - In the version of Macer's treatise of the virtues of herbs it is said of honysuckle, 
 " if he beehyues be anointed with )'e ius of her leeues, \>e. been schalt not goo a-way ; 
 be housbondes kepe her swarmes in tyme of yere by suche anoyntynge.'' Hardyng says 
 of the taxation imposed by Rufus, which sorely oppressed the commons, 
 
 " A kyng woteth not what harmeth housbandrye, 
 
 Housbande to pill and taxe outrageously." Chron. c. 125. 
 
 " An husband, edituus, iconimus, incola, paterfamilias." cath. axg. " This smythe 
 is a good housbande {mcsiiaiyier), for I herde hym beate with his hamer to daye afore 
 foure of y*^ clocke. Husbande, a Ihriuyng man, »wc.wa^ier. Husbandes house in the 
 countre, or maner place, metayrie." palsg. Ang.-Sax. hus-bonda, domus mayister. 
 
 3 " Sfjiiarus, fjuidam piscis ; et dicitur a nquamd, quia nqttamis acutr/s sit, unde et 
 ejus cute lignum pol it ur." cath. Pennant states tliat the rough skin of the Squalus 
 squat ina, Linn, or Angel shark, was used by the ancients to polish wood and ivory, 
 according to Pliny, ix. c. 12; and that in England the skin of the greater dog-fish, cat- 
 fish, or bounce, Squalus canicula, Linn, called in French rounsete, is applied to the 
 same purpose. Zool. iii. pp. 87, [)9. This last appears to be the species here called 
 the huske. Palsgrave gives " husse, a fysshe, rousette ,'' and Cotgrave explains 
 rousset to be " a little ruddie dog-fish." " Squatina, a soole fysshe with a roughe 
 skynne, wherewith fletchers doo make theyrarrowes smoothe." klyot. In N. Britain 
 the Cyclopterus lumpus, Linn, the luinj), or sea-owl, is called hush-))addlc, in Germ, 
 see-haess, lepuii viariuus. See Janiieson. Com]iare Teut. hesse, cuius.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 255 
 
 Huspylyn', or spoylyn' (spolyyn, 
 H.y Spolio, dispoUo. 
 
 HusTYLMEXT (or hamevs, or hur- 
 dyce, supra.y^ Utensile, supellex, 
 
 HuswYFE. 3Iaterfamilias. 
 
 HuswYFERY. Yconomia. 
 
 Huge, or grete. Magnus. 
 
 (HuTCiiE, or whyche, supra in 
 HOCHE.3 Cista, archa.) 
 
 Iagge, or dagge of a garment."* 
 
 FractiUus, cath. 
 Iaggyd, or daggj'd. Fractillosus. 
 
 ^ To huspil, in the dialect of Shropshire, signifies to disorder, destroy, or knock 
 about. See Hartshorne's Salopia. In old French houspouillier, or harpailleur, im- 
 plies a thievish marauder, " homme qui vole les yens de la campagne, vagabond.'^ 
 ROQUEF. " S^houspiller Vun I'aittre, to tug, lug, hurry, tear one another," &c. cotg. 
 Compare gaspiller, which, according to Menage, has the same origin. 
 
 2 " Suppellectilia, hustelment." med. This term is used in the original MS. by the 
 first hand, in Bodl. Libr. of the earlier Wicliffite version ; " Thou shalt anoynt of it 
 the tabernacjle, &c. and the candelstik, and the hustilmentis of it (utensllia, Vulg.)" 
 Exod. sxx. 28. It occurs in several documents connected with the Eastern Counties. 
 Joanna, relict of Sir T. Hemgrave, made, about 1421, a will under constraint 
 of her second husband, devising to him personal effects and a sum of money, 
 " 1150 marcs, with other jewel and hostelment that were mine other husbands goods 
 and mine," as stated in her protest. Hist, of Hengrave, 93. John Hakone of Wyne- 
 ton makes the following devise in 1437 ; "I wyll that alle necessaries and hustylments 
 longyng to myn howsehold, that is to sey, to halle, chaumbyr, and kechene be disposed 
 to the use of my wife." Norwich Wills, Harl. MS. 10, f. 267. In the Paston Letters, 
 ii. 26, are mentioned " gonnes, crossebows, and quarells, and alle other hostelments to 
 the maneur (of Caistor) belonginge." 146i), 9 Edw. IV. In 1492 Robert Parker be- 
 queaths to his wife all his " hostiliaments, utenselys, and jowellys, to his house per- 
 taining." Cullum's Hawsted, 17. The word seems to be taken from the old Fr. 
 oustillement, roquef. " Outillemens, stuffe, movables, household furniture, or im- 
 plements." COTG. 
 
 2 Sir John Maundevile says of the Ark of the Testimony, " that arke, or hucche, 
 •with the relikes, Tytus ledde with hym to Rome, whan he had scomfyted alle the 
 Jewes." Voiage, p. 102. By Chaucer the word is written " wiche." Caxton, in the 
 Boke for Travellers, says of household stuff, " these thinges set ye in your whutche 
 (Jiuche) or cheste ; your jewellis in your forcier, that they be not stolen." " Archa, 
 a whycche, a arke and a cofyre. Archula, a lytelle whycche. Cibuium, a mete 
 whycche. ('is<a, a whycche." med. " Hutche, a chest, cq/re, AwcAe." palsg. Ang.- 
 Sax. hwsecca, area. 
 
 * Fractillus is explained in the Catholicon to be " cauda vd /ragmen panni /ixsi ; 
 Cauda ornatus pendens ea: inferiori parte : fractillus dicitur etiam villus in tapeto vel 
 alid vesle villosd.'^ Horman says, " he hath a plesure in geagged clothynge, lasciniosd 
 veste : '' and Palsgrave gives " I iagge or cutte a garment, iec/iicquetie, ie deschicquette, 
 ie descouppe. I iagge nat my hosen for thrifte, but for a bragge. He is outher a 
 landed man, or a foole y' cutteth his garments. Iagge, a cuttyng, chicqueture. If I 
 iagge my cappe, thou hast naught to do." This strange fashion, which, as it has been 
 observed in the note on the word dagge, prevailed during the reign of Rich. II. was 
 not disused even in the XYIth cent. It is particularly noticed by Hardyng, who 
 states that it was described to him by the clerk of Richard's household. 
 " Cut werke was greate both in court and tounes, 
 
 Botha in mennes hoddis, and also in their gounes." Chron. c. 193.
 
 256 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Iay, byrde. Gractdus, ut dicitur Iamys, propyr name. Jacobus. 
 
 secundum comrmtnemscolam,sed Iangelere. Gartmlator, gar- 
 
 contrarium dicit c. F. lit patet riilus, cath. garrula, dicax, 
 
 tw/j-a /?i roke, bryde ; v el forte ■ c. F. loquax. 
 
 est equivoctim : garrulus, c.¥. Iangelere, fuUe of wordys. 
 
 Iaylere, or gayler. Ergaster, Semiverhkis, ug. in sereno. 
 
 KYLw. carcerarius. \ Iangelyn', or iaveryii' (iaberyn, 
 
 Iakke of defence, garment (iak of j p.)^ Ga(^r)rulo, blutero, c. f. 
 
 fence, s.)^ Saltheus. I garrio, cath. relatro, ug. 
 
 ' A full account of the defensive armour called a jack is given by Sir S. Meyrick, in 
 bis observations on ancient military garments worn in England, Archaeol. xix. 224. 
 Mention of it occurs as early as 137o, in the will of Thos. de Hemenhale, who devises 
 " unum iakke de rubio worstede." Transcripts from Norwich Registers, Harl. MS. 10. 
 Walsingham relates that Wat Tyler's mob, in the sack of John of Gaunt's palace at the 
 Savoy, 1381, found " vestimentian pi'eciosinshtmm ipshis, quale lacVe^'ocantiis.^' Camd. 
 p. 249. It is mentioned in the will of Henry Snayth, clericus, 1380: "Lego duas 
 loricasferreas, duas bacinetts cum ventall', et duas iakkys conpertas cum J'usV ;^' and 
 in 1391, Margery, widow of Sir Will, de Aldeburgh, bequeaths to her son " utium 
 duplum cum loricd interius opertum cum rubeo correo capne. Item, unum iak de- 
 fencionis opertum niyro velveto.^^ Test. Ebor. i. 113, 150. Sir S. Meyrick questions 
 the authority of Nicot's definition that the jack was an habiliment stuffed with cotton ; 
 in the Catholicon Ang. however, written 1483, is given " a iakke, bombicinium.^' 
 Towards the close of the XVth cent, a less cumbersome defence of a similar nature, 
 termed a jacket, was more in use. Palsgrave gives " iacke, harnesse, iacq, iacque : 
 iacket, seion : iacket without sleues, hocqneton : iacket that hath but four quarters, 
 iacquette.'' Caxton says in the Boke for Travellers, " Donaas the doblet maker hath 
 performed my doublet and my iaquet, mon pourpainie et man paltocque.'^ In the 
 accounts of the Lestrange family, 1532, are the following entries: " Item, paid for ij. 
 pownd of twyn for the lacks. Item, paid for iij. elnes of canvas for y"' lack. Item, 
 paid to the taylour for the wurkemanshippe of iij. lacks, ix..y. iv.rf. Item, paid for 
 twyn for 30ur iacks. Item, paid to Matthew Smith (or the smith) for making of plates 
 for the iackes, w.s. ij. (Z." The kind of jack to which this last entry relates is described 
 in Lily's Euph. Eng. where it is said that the armour of the English consists of " cors- 
 lets, Almaine rivets, shirts of male, iackes quilted, and covered over with leather, 
 fustian, or canvas, over thick plates of yron that are sowed to y same." It seems to 
 have been identical with the brigandine. The jack may even have been occasionally 
 formed with mail ; in Edvv. III. i. 2, Capell's I'rolus. are mentioned "jacks of gymold 
 mail." Thus Florio explains " Giacco, a iacke of maile, made like a corslet, a iacket 
 or shirt of maile. Giachetta, a iacket or shirt of maile :" and Cotgrave gives " laque, 
 a iacke or coat of mail, and thence a iacke for the body of an Irish greyhound, &c. 
 made commonly of a wild boares tanned skinne, and put on him when be is to coap 
 with that violent beast." The sense in which baltheus is used in the Proniptorium is 
 singular ; it signifies commonly a girdle, but here cotk armurk, dobbelet, and 
 PAi.TOK, military garments, are rendered by the term baltheus. 
 
 2 " Dapax, yanglynge, or spekynge of mete." mkd. " To iangylle, ttbi to chater. 
 \:m^\j\\cT,fictHis,polUoqiius, ^'c. ubi chaterynge." cath. ang. " I iangyll, ie babille, 
 iecacqnettc : she iaiigleth lyke a iaye." I'Ai.si;. To jangle occurs in the sense of chat- 
 tering in the Vis. of Piers Ploughm. ; Chaucer, Man of Lawes Tale, 5194 ; Gower, &c. 
 " lanijler, to jangle, prattle, tattle saucily, or scurvily." cotg.
 
 PROMPTOUIUM PAUVULOHUM. 
 
 257 
 
 Iangelyn', or iaveryn' a-jen, J)at 
 ys clepyd clenchyng a-3en 
 (cleiisyng a-jen, s.)^ Oggarrio, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Iangelyn', and talkyfi'. Cu7i- 
 fabulor, fahulor, colloquor. 
 
 Iangelynge, Garrulacio. 
 
 Iangelynge, or talkynge. Con- 
 fahulacio, collocucio. 
 
 Iafe.2 Nuga,frivolum, scur(ryii- 
 tas. 
 
 Iaper. Nugax,niigaculus, catif. 
 
 nvgigerulus, catii. gerro, UG. 
 
 in gero. 
 lAPYN'(or tryflon, mfra.^Trupho, 
 
 illudo, c. F. ludljico (^deludo) P.) 
 Iardyne almauude.'' Amigdalimi 
 
 jardinuin, amigdalum (^jarda- 
 
 num amigdalum, s.) 
 Iaspe, stone. laspis. 
 Iavel."* Joppus, gerro, UG. in 
 
 gero, joppa. 
 
 1 " Oggarrio, i. contra garrire." cath. v. Garrio. Compare clenchyn ajen, or 
 cbaueryii 33611 for prowde herte. 
 
 - Compare gawde, or iape, above. " Nugor, i. nugas facere, trvfare, vel nvgas 
 frequenter dicere, to tryfle, or iape, or lye. Nugax, i. nanus, fatuns, iS^-c. a iaper or fole. 
 JVj/^raciYas, iaperye." ortus. ^'■To m^ei,nugari ; igi\)2LnAe,nugans,nngaculns. lapanly, 
 nugaciter." cath. ang. " I iape, I tryfle, ie truffe, ie truffle, ie me hourde. I dyd 
 but iape with hym, and he toke it in good ernest. Iape, a trifyll, triiffe.^^ palsr. " // 
 n' est pas gas, it is no iape." Harl. MS. 219. It is said of St. Nicholas in the Golden 
 Legend, that " in his yonge age he eschewed y'' playes and iapes of other yonge chyl- 
 dren." Fabyan relates that William Rufus was warned of his approaching end, 
 " but he set all at nought, and made of it a scoffe, or a iape." Horman says, "he 
 bete me cursedly with a rod, as it had ben in iape, vetut per ludum. Leue thy iapys, 
 mitte nugas. At the begynnynge I hadde wente thou haddeste iapyde, putavi te joco 
 fecisse.'^ Junius has detailed the use of this word, especially by Chaucer, and seeks a 
 derivation by comparison with Isl. geip, jactatio. Skinner derives it from Fr. gaber. 
 It appears, moreover, from Speght's Glossary, appended to Chaucer, that, having become 
 of ambiguous import, the word was scarcely admitted in polite parlance ; and this is 
 confirmed by Palsgrave, who gives the verb " I iape a wenche, iefout, and ie bistocqne. 
 It is better to iape a wenche than to do worse." 
 
 3 Gerarde speaks of " a large sweet almond, vulgarly termed a Jordan almond." 
 
 4 Javel or jevel is a term of contempt, which signifies, according to Bp. Kennett, " a 
 rascal or base fellow. 
 
 " Lat be, quoth Jock, and call'd him jevel, 
 
 And by the tail him tugged." Christ Kirk, st. 7. 
 
 Forte a Sax. 'se-ivLW, immu7idus, pro/anus, reus, putidus ; or je-fyll. The liieut. of 
 the Tower, advising Sir Thos. More to put on worse cloaths at his execution, gave this 
 reason, because he that is to have them is but a Javel : to which Sir Thomas replied, 
 Shall I count him a Javel, who is to doe me so great a benefit ? " Lansd. MS. ItKJJ. 
 In Roper's Life of More the term employed is " raskall." Skelton uses the word javeil 
 frequently : it is one of the opprobrious epithets that are put into the mouth of Wolsey, 
 in " Why come ye not to Court?" and occurs in a passage cited by Hearne, and at- 
 tributed to Skelton, Glossary to Langt. Chron. v. Wroken. 
 " These be as knappishc knackes, 
 
 As ever man made. 
 
 For javells and forjackes, 
 
 A jym jam for a jade." Nares 
 
 CAMD. SOC. 2 L
 
 258 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Iawndyce, sekenesse. Hicteria 
 
 (hictericia, k. p. ettericia, s.) 
 Ice, Glacies. 
 IcHE, or ylke. Qiiilibet. 
 Ichyn', or ykyn', or 3ykyn' 
 
 (yekyn, k. 3ichyn, s. ekyn, 
 
 H. p.) Prurio. 
 Idyl. Ociosus. 
 Idelnesse. Ociositafi, ocium. 
 Idyl spekare. Vanidicus, 
 
 vaniloquus, catii. (^gari-ilo- 
 
 fJUUS, K.) 
 
 Idyote, nether fowle no ryghte 
 wyce (idyote, halfe innocent, 
 H. p. idyothe, nodyr foole, 
 noj^er wyse, s.) Idiota. 
 
 Iddyr, or vddyr of a beeste 
 (iddyr, pappe, k. p.) Tiber. 
 
 Iessys, to bynde hawkys wythe 
 (ieshys, to bryng wyth hawkys, 
 s.)* Jactacula, plur. kylw. et 
 COMM. (jactula, v.jacula, w.) 
 
 Iettyn'.- Verno, c. f. et alia 
 supra in G. gettyn'. 
 
 Nares quotes Spenser, and other writers, by whom the word is used, and thinks it may 
 be derived from Fr.javelle, a brush-wood faggot ; a name that might be apjilied to 
 such fellows as Shakespeare calls " rash bavin wits." Holland, in his version of Pliny, 
 speaks of the " javels," stalks, or stems of line or flax. B. xix. c. 1. See further ob- 
 servations in Jamieson. Compare ioppe, or folte, Joppus, and iaper, Gerro. 
 
 ' Jesses or gesses, used in falconry, are thus defined by Nicot : '^ Gects {gets, or 
 ffiez) sont deux petites courroies courtes de peau de chien, une en chaqiie jambe du 
 faulcon pres In serre ; au desnux desquels sont les sonnettes tenans ci une autre petite 
 courroye a part.''' Latham says that " Jesses are those short straps of leather which 
 are fastened to the hawks legges, and so to the Lease by Varvels, Anlets, or such like." 
 The origin of the term is evident, as signified by the Emperor Fred. IL in his treatise 
 de arte Venandi, ii. c. 38; namely, ^'' ob hoc jacti dicuntur, quod cum eis jaciunlur 
 falconen, et emittuntiir ad pradam.''^ They are also called Getti. See Ducange and 
 Menage. In " Uame Julyans Bernes Processe of hawkyng " it is stated that " Hawkys 
 have abowte theyr leggys gesses made of leddyr moost comynly, some of sylke, whyclie 
 Bcholde be noo lenger but that the knottys of theym sholde appere in myddys of the 
 left honde, bytwene the longe fyngre, and the leche fyngre ; by cause the Lewnes sliolde 
 be fastenyd to theym wyth a payre of Tyrettys," &c. St. Alban's Book, sign. b. iij. 
 
 2 This word docs not appear to be retained in the East Anglian dialect. Tusser uses 
 it both in the sense of strutting about ostentatiously, and of actively busying oneself, or 
 bustling to and fro. In the interesting account of his own life, he says that his desire 
 was ease and contentment, and to live uprightly, 
 
 " More than to ride witii pomp and pride, 
 
 Or for to jet in others debt." Stanza 38. 
 
 In his Epistle to the Lady Paget, prefixed to his Book of Huswifery, among the quali- 
 ties of a good housewife, he says that she "should jetty from morning to night." 
 Palsgrave gives tlie following illustrations of the use of this word : " I iette, 1 make a 
 countenaunce witli my legges, ie me iamboye. I wotte nat what his licrte is, but he 
 iettetli horriblye in bis pace. I iette w' facyon and countenaunce to setforthe myselfe, 
 ie braggue. I get, I use a proude countenaunce and pace in my goyng. Se I praye the 
 howe this countrefayte gentilman getteth, comment ce gentyllastre braggue en se pro- 
 menant. I go a ieltynge or a ryottynge, ie raude. Dothe thy father fynde the in the 
 universyte to go a iettyngea nyghtes ? te bailie ton pire exhibition a I'uuiuersile pour 
 alter ruuder .'" Cotgrave gives " Bntre les rues, to let, reuell, or swagger vp and down 
 the streets in the night. lamboyer, to iet, or wantonly to go in and out with the legs. 
 Friiiyuer, to iet or brave it, to be fine, spruce, trimme, to wautonise it," &c. Anciioran,
 
 PROMPTORIUM PAKVULORUM. 
 
 259 
 
 Ikyl (iekyll, w.)' Stiria, UG. in 
 
 stuprum, CATH. et c. f. 
 TcciiE, or jiche (ikche, or jykche, 
 
 s.) Pruritus. 
 (Ikyn, supra in ychyn, h. 
 
 echyn, p.) 
 Ilde, be-twene too freshe waters 
 
 (iyld, s.)2 Amnis. 
 Ilde, londe in the see (iylde, k. ile, 
 
 w.) Insula. 
 (Ilke, or eche, supra in iche, p.) 
 Image. Imago, statua. 
 Image on a grave, in mynde made 
 
 of Jje dcde (in meend of \c ded 
 
 man,s.) Colossus, c. f. et cath. 
 Imagyn'. Imaginor. 
 Imne (impne, ii.imme, p.) Impnus. 
 Imnere. Imnarium. 
 Impare, or graffere (gryffar, K. p.) 
 
 Inserter, surculator. 
 Impe, or graffe (gryf, k.) Sur- 
 
 cidus, novella, cath. novellus, 
 
 cath. 
 Impyd (or graffed, p.) Insertus. 
 Impyn', or graffyti' (gryffyn, k.)-^ 
 
 liisero. 
 
 in the Gate of Tongues, p. 178, says that " one made to avoide his countrey wandereth 
 abroad, and gaddeth and ietteth up and downe, vagatury Ed. 1633. " To jet up and 
 down, vagor, spatior, iolutatim incedere. To jet like a lord, incedo. To jet to and 
 fro, volito. A jetter, gradarius/^ gouldm. Compare gettyn and gettare. 
 
 ' The Gloss on Gaut. de Bibelesworth renders "■ esclarcyl, en ychele.'' Arund. 
 MS. 220, f. 300, b. In Gawayn and the Grene Knyjt, 732, occurs the word " iisse- 
 ikkles :" and by Chaucer it is written " iseickle." " Stiria est gutta fluens, vel 
 cadens congelata, a nykle." med. ms. cant. " Stiria eat gutta frigore concreta 
 pendenn guttatimque stillans, a yokle." ortus. " Stirium, hysehykylle." Vocab. 
 Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. "An i^okelle, stirium.'' cath. ang. Grose gives iccles as 
 a word used in the North ; and it is given in the Craven Dialect, as likewise ice- 
 shackles ; see also Brockett, v. Ice-shoggle, and Jamieson, v. Isechokill. Ang.-Sax. 
 ises-gicel, glacialis stiria. Compare thowe of snowe, or yclys, or yce, hereafter. 
 
 2 An island in the Severn, about 4 miles N. of Worcester, called by Flor. Wigorn. 
 " Beverege," and at the present time Bevere, served as a retreat to tlie people of that 
 city when it was burned by Hardicanute, A.D. 1041, on their resisting the payment of 
 tribute. See the Sax. Chron. Langtoft gives a relation of these circumstances. 
 
 " But ];>o hat fled wi)> J^er godes to J>e ilde of Seuerne, 
 And ^at wer in he ilde duelled J'er for drede, 
 Untill ^e Kyng turned, and his wrath ouer 3ede." R. Brunne, p. 56. 
 
 In another passage, p. 151, he relates that Richard Coeur de Lion took possession of 
 two islands in the Mediterranean, one " that ilde hight Labamare," which is described 
 as situated in the straights of Messina; and another "ilde" called " Griffonie," 
 meaning, perhaps, Sicily. In Kyng Alisaunder the word " ydle," as printed by Weber, 
 seems to be the same word, varying by local pronunciation. 
 
 " Euerych ydle, euerych contrey, 
 He hath y-soughth, par ma fey ; 
 An ydle he passeth y-hote Perfiens." 5908. 
 
 3 The verb to imp, Ang.-Sax. impan, inserere, and the substantive imp, a graft, 
 scion, or young shoot, occur in the Vis. of P. Ploughm. 274G; and are used by Cbaucer- 
 
 Of what kynd of ympe in gardein or in frith 
 
 Ymped is, in stocke fro whence it came. 
 
 It sauourith euer, and is nothyng to blame." 
 
 Ilardyng's Chron. c. 98.
 
 260 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Impynge (or graffinge, p.) In- 
 
 sertura. 
 In, of herboroghe (or herborwe, 
 
 K. inne, p.) Hospicium, diver- 
 sorium, c. F. 
 In AM EL YD.^ Inamelatus. 
 
 See also Seuyn Sages, 574. " Imicio, impynge." med. "An impe, ubi a grafte." 
 CATH. A>'G. " Ympe, or graffe, insita, intscita.'' Vocab. Harl. MS. 1587. "Impe, 
 a yonge springe. Impe or grasse, /;(?6^«/'<7^e." palsg. " £w;;c'a?/, an impe to graffe." 
 COTG. Among the disbursements of Tlios. Lucas, Sol. Gen. to Hen. VII. when Little 
 Saxham Hall was erec^ed, 1507, is a payment " for setting stokkes for grafFes, impesof 
 cherys, damsayns, and filberdes." Rokewode's Hund. of Thingoe, 145. See Nares. 
 
 ' The application of enamel to every description of ornamental work in metal was 
 much used in England from the Anglo-Saxon times, until the XVIth cent. The 
 number of existing specimens is, indeed, small; owing, probably, to the precious 
 metals having been most frequently employed for enamelled works, which have been 
 melted down to form ornaments suited to the successive changes of fashion ; but an- 
 cient wills and inventories, especially the lists of crown jewels printed in the Kalendars 
 of the Exchequer Treasury, afford abundant evidence of the profusion of enamelled 
 jilate and jewellery in England. There may be but insufficient evidence to show that 
 the earliest works of this kind, such as fibulte, and minor personal ornaments, were 
 executed by British artificers ; but the character of ornament which is presented by 
 them, the mention that is made in early records of the skill of our countrymen, and 
 the distinctive term of Opus Anglicannm, to designate their ornamental works in meia!, 
 give to such a supposition a high degree of probability. A specimen of interest pre- 
 served in the Brit. Mus. appears by the legend to have been the ring of Ethelwulf, King 
 of Wessex, from 83G to 858, father of Alfred. See Archseol. vii. pi. xxx. It is of gold, 
 and appears to be properly an enamelled work, the held, according to the ordinary pro- 
 cess of the earlier period, being chiselled out to receive a vitrified metallic compound 
 of a dark blue colour, which was fixed by fusion in the cavities formed by the tool, and 
 set off the design produced by those parts of the metal that had been left in relief. 
 Another mode of workmanship, in some degree analogous, appears in the jewel at the 
 Ashmolean Museum, attributed to Alfred ; a specimen recently discovered in London, 
 Archaeol. xxix. pi. x. and a few other instances. In these a semi-transparent substance, 
 wliich a))])ears to be rather a vitreous paste than a true enamel, tills the spaces in the 
 field of the design, the outline being formed, not by chiselling the solid metal, but by 
 means of thin fillets of gold, attached to the surface of the plate, and serving to detach 
 the variously coloured ])ortions of the design. At a later period the pre eminent skill 
 of the enamellers of Limoges caused their work to be highly esteemed in other coun- 
 tries. It aj)pears that the tomb of Walter de Merton, Bp. Rochester, 1274, was made 
 by Magister Johannes de Limogia, who came to England for the purpose. See the 
 Executor's Accounts, Thorpe's Cast. RofF. 1!)3. At the Reformation this memorial was 
 destroyed ; but the enamelled effigy in Westminster Abbey, representing Will, de Va- 
 lence, who died 1290', if not the work of Jolin of Limoges, affords an interesting spe- 
 cimen of the art practised at that place. The prevailing use of ornaments of this nature 
 ajjpears also from the Constit. of Will, de Bleys, 1221), and Walt, de Cautilupe, 1240, 
 Bishops of Worcester, prescribing, among the sacred ornaments to be provided by the 
 ))arishioners, " ij. ]iijxides, una anjentca, vel ehurnca, vcl de ojiere Leinovitico, hi (jud 
 /lostio! reserventur." Wilk. Cone. i. 6"23, 6G6. Several of these exist ; but the most 
 curious enamelled ornaments of this period, as connected with England, are the small 
 shrines called cqfri Lemovicen.ses , on which is rejiresented the martyrdom of St. Thomas 
 of Canterbury. One of these is in the possession of the Ant. Soc. and another at Here- 
 ford Cathedral. Enamel was likewise made available for the decoration of sepulchral
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 261 
 
 Inamelynge. Inamelatura. 
 Inbrowdyd (inbrowdred, j. w.) 
 
 Intextus. 
 Inbrowdyd clothe (inbrowdred, 
 
 p.)' Frigia, catii. et c. f. 
 Inche. Digitus, pollicium, kylw. 
 
 (pollex, p.) 
 Ingres. Incrementum, excre- 
 
 mentum, cath. excresc(^ens)ia 
 
 (^augmentum, p.) 
 Incresyn', or moryn'. Augeo, 
 
 adaugeo, augmento. 
 Ingres E, or grow or wax more. 
 
 Accresco, cath. excresco. 
 Indawngeryd. Indomigeratns. 
 Indentyd. Indentatiis. 
 Indentynge. Indentacio. 
 Indenture. Indentura, ciro- 
 
 grnphus, UG. in grama. 
 Indyfferent, neyther fuUe of Jjb 
 
 to partye, ne])er of tothere (ne])er 
 
 of ]>e to party, ne of J)e toJ>ei", K.) 
 
 Indifferens. 
 Indyte letterys, as clerkely speke 
 
 (or clerkly spech, s.) Dicto. 
 Indytyd, as clerkly speche (in- 
 
 dy ted or endited of clerkly speche, 
 
 P.) Dictatus. 
 Indvtyd be lawe, for trespace. 
 
 Indictatus. 
 
 (Indityn fortrespas, k. indyte, p. 
 
 Indicto.) 
 Indytynge of clerkly speche 
 
 (as clerkly speche, p.) Dictamen. 
 IxDYTYNGE, or indytcment for 
 
 trespas. Indictacio. 
 Indwyn, and yeve warysone. Doto. 
 Indwynge. Dotado. 
 (Ingyne, supra in engyne.) 
 Inheryte, or receyve in herytage 
 
 (inerytyn, or receyuyn to eri- 
 
 tage, K.) Heredito. 
 Infectyn, orbrynge to sekenesse, 
 
 as menne take wythe pestylence, 
 
 or as leprys done hele menne be 
 
 brethe, or other towchynge (as 
 
 lepers doj> hole men, s-) Injicio. 
 Informyn, ortechyn'. Informo, 
 
 instruo ; et alia sunt infra, in 
 
 kennyn. 
 (Ingroton wythe mete or drynke, 
 
 supra in groton.) 
 Inioynon, or put to, and chargyn' 
 
 to be done (puttyn to a charge 
 
 to be downe, s. inioynen, p.) 
 
 Injungo, impono. 
 Inyoynyd (inionyyd, k. inioyned, 
 
 p.) I)2Junctus. 
 Inke. Encaustum, c. f. vel i7i- 
 
 caustum, cath. attramentum. 
 
 brasses, to a much greater extent, probably, than might be supposed from the few ex- 
 amples that have been preserved. In the XVth cent, the older process of chiselling 
 out the design was abandoned, and a mode of enamelling, wholly superlicial, came into 
 general use ; it appears to have been first adopted in Italy, but was practised for more 
 than a century, in the greatest perfection, at Limoges. Chaucer speaks of " fine ena- 
 maile " and gold " amiled." Rom. of Rose. Spenser uses the word " aumaild," and 
 in some documents the word is written " anelyd." Compare anelyx, or enelyn me- 
 talle, above. Horman says that " goldsmithes use annuelynge, and gravynge, utiintur 
 toreutice .■" and Palsgrave gives the verb " I ammell, as a goldesmyth dothe his worke. 
 Your broche is very well amelled, vustre deuise est fort bleu es^maillie. I enauudl, «'6." 
 See 'Wharton's Eng. Poetry ; Ducange, v. Esmaillator, Limogia, Smallum, Sfc. 
 
 1 Imbkowdyd, MS. " Friffia dicitur quedani t^estis que alio nomine dicitur acu- 
 
 picta." CATH.
 
 262 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Inkehorne. Attramentarium, 
 
 c. F. incaustorium. 
 Inmeuable. Immohilis. 
 (Inniolf, threde to sow wythe 
 
 schone or botys, infra in ly- 
 
 NYOLF. Indula, licinium.) 
 Innocent. Innocens. 
 (Inoynted. Immctus, p.) 
 Inpoysyon, or poysnyn (poysyn, 
 
 K. s. inpoysen or poysen, p.) I71- 
 
 toxico. 
 Inprentyd (imprentid, or im- 
 
 pressyd, K.) Impres.sus. 
 Inprentyn (iraprentyn, k. s.) In- 
 
 primo. 
 Inprentynge. Inpressio. 
 
 (InQ VERYD, «w/)o mWEL TETCHYD. 
 
 Moi'osiis, bene moingeratus.) 
 Insesun, or seson, or worldely 
 
 goodys (iiisesyn in werdligodys, K. 
 
 or sesun some, &c. p.) Insesino. 
 Insyght (insythe, k.) Inspexio, 
 
 circumspeccio. 
 
 (lNSNARLYD,Jw/>-airalNTRYKYD.) 
 
 Inspyracyone. Inspiracio. 
 Instoron' (wythe nedefulle 
 
 thyngys, or astoryn, supra.) 
 
 Instauro. 
 
 Instrument, or toole. Instru- 
 
 mentum. 
 Insuryn', or make suere (svyrte, 
 
 K.)' Assecuro. 
 Intencyone, or mevynge (sic, s. 
 
 intent or menynge, k. p.) In- 
 
 tencio. 
 Interdyte. Interdicttis. 
 Interdite, or interdytement (in- 
 
 terdyten, s.) Interdictum. 
 Interdytyn'. Interdico. 
 Interlarde, of fet flesche (inter- 
 
 layed of fat flesshe, p.) Abdomen, 
 
 KYLW.CATll.C.F.etVG.inhosf.io. 
 
 Interloge of a pley.^ Prelu- 
 
 dium, interludium, cath. 
 Interpretowre, or expownere. 
 
 Interpres. 
 Intycyn, or steryn to doon a dede 
 
 (or tycyn, clc. s.) Incifo, instigo. 
 Intrayle, or yssu of a dede 
 
 becste (intrelise, K. intralyze, H. 
 
 intralyce, p.) Intesti(n)um ; et 
 
 alia infra in issu. 
 Intrykyi), or insnarlyd. Intri- 
 
 catus, illaqueatus. 
 Intrykyn', or snarlyn'.^ Intrico, 
 
 illaqueo. 
 
 * Chaucer uses the word to ensure in the sense of affirming by word of mouth ; it had 
 also that of betrothing, or promising in marriage. " I ensure, I trouthe plyght, as man 
 and a woman togyther, ie fiance. I lierde saye they were maryed, or euer I knewe they 
 were ensured togyther, I insuer by maryage, id. Howe, saye you be they maryed so 
 gone, I wyste nat that they were insured yet. I insuer, ie promayts, ie assure.'" palsg. 
 In Henry Vlllth's Primer, l.'J4.'), in the lesson at matins, the following verse occurs: 
 " The aungell Gabriel was sent from God into a cytie of Galile named Nazareth, to a 
 virgyn which was ensured to a man whose name was Joseph." Luke i. 27. 
 
 '^ On the subject of interludes much information has been brought together by Mr. 
 Payne Collier, in his Hist, of Dramatic Poetry. In the XVth cent, they were much 
 in fashion, and a special clause of exception is made in the Stat, of Apparel, 3 Edw. 
 IV. 1463, in favor of " ministrelles, e( jouers en lour entreludes." It was only in 
 l.')42 that it was enjoined that no plays or interludes should be acted in the churches. 
 " Interlude, moralilc." palsg. 
 
 3 Chaucer speaks of one " that love most entriketh," (Assemblie of Foules) and the 
 word is likewise used by Gower, Conf. Am. IV. It is evidently taken from the French
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 263 
 
 Intrykynge. Illaqueacio, in- 
 
 tricacio. 
 Inveyne, or vayne. Vamis, in- 
 
 vanus. 
 Inveynly, or wythe owte pro- 
 
 fytte (inveyn, or wit owtyn 
 
 profyjt, K. profyth, s.) Vane, 
 
 mvanum, inutiliter. 
 Invenymyn. Veneno, cath. 
 Invye, or envye. Invidia, invi- 
 
 dencia, c. f. 
 
 Invyouse. Invidus, c. f. 
 Invysyble. Invisibilis. 
 (loBBYX wythe the bylle, supra 
 
 in byllyn'.)' 
 Ioglyn' (iogelyn, k. p.) Pres- 
 
 tigior, CATH. UG. et c. f. 
 loGULOWRE (iogulour, K. ioge- 
 
 lowre, p.)2 Miinus, cath. et 
 
 \JG. jjrestigiator, CATH. et UG. 
 
 in magi, et c. f. hisfrio, cath. 
 loGULYRYE, or iogulment (iogul- 
 
 " Intriguer, to intricate, insnare, involve, intangle." cotg. "I entryke, I hynder or lette. 
 He that is entryked {empeschS) with worldly busynesse is nat mete to be a studyent." 
 PALSG. See Ducange, v. Intricare. Ital. " intricare, to intricate, to intangle, to 
 inwrap, to garboile." florio. See snartn, or snarlyii. 
 
 ' To job signifies in the East Anglian dialect to peck with the beak, or with a mat- 
 tock ; and is used in the former sense by Lestrange and Tusser, who directs boughs to 
 be stuck among runcival pease, upon which they may climb (February's husbandry.) 
 " So doing, more tender and greater they wex. 
 If peacock and turkey leave jobbing their bex." 
 Holland, in his version of Pliny, B. x. c. 18, says that birds that "job and pecke holes 
 in trees,'' are of the race of spights, martins, or wood-peckers ; and speaks of " wood- 
 pecks, or jobbers," c. 29. " Becquer, to pecke or bob with the beake. Becqiiade, a 
 pecke, job, or bob with a beake. Hocher, to shake, jog, job, nod." uotg. " Sitta, a 
 bird called a nutjobber." gouldm. Willughby, in his Ornithology, describes the nut- 
 hatch, or nut-jobber, Picus cinerevs. Ash gives to job, in the sense of striking suddenly 
 with a sharp instrument, as the word is used in Shropshire. See Hartshorne's Salopia, 
 
 ^ In Domesday mention occurs of the joctdator and the joculatria; regis, T. i. f. 38, 
 b. and 162: Ang.-Sax. geojelere, />re*/?^2a/o?-. The juggler and the minstrel are, as 
 Wharton observes, frequently confounded together. Music formed a part of the en- 
 tertainments provided by both, and it was not, perhaps, until the XIA'th cent, that the 
 two denominations were properly distinguished. The juggler was called also treget- 
 TOWRE, a term which occurs in the Promptorium. His performances were very varied, 
 comprising sleight of hand, tricks of all kinds, tumbling, and buffoonery. Strutt has 
 collected much information on this subject in his Sports, B. iii. c. iv. Chaucer, in the 
 third Book of Fame, seems to distinguish the jugglers from the minstrels and musicians, 
 and speaks of them as playing with magicians, " tragetours, and Phetonisses, charnie- 
 resses,'' &c. ; but in the Rom. of the Rose he mentions minstrels and jugglers, as if 
 their performances were similar. He repeatedly alludes to the wonderful tricks which 
 were exhibited by them. " Balatro, a yogelowre. Pantomimiis, a iogeloure. Paras- 
 citaster, id.'^ med. " To iugi\]e,j'jculari. A iuguler, gesticuUitor, is;c. ubi a harlott. 
 A iugulynge, gesticulacio,jocamen.'^ oath. ang. Hornian says, " The iugler carieth 
 clenly under his gublettis, jirestigiator scite visum hulijicat cum accept abulia. A 
 iugler with his troget castis {vaframentis) deceueth mens syght." " logelour, batel- 
 lecr. logelyng caste, passe, passe. I iogyW, ie ioue de pas pas. Mathewe iogyled y* 
 cleanest of any man in our dayes. I iuggyll, &c. ie iougle.'' i'ai.sg. In the Northum- 
 berland Household Book, 1511, a reward of O*. 8d. is appointed "to tlie Kyngs iugler, 
 if he haue wone." See Essay on ancient Minstrels, Percy's lU'liques, i. xcii.
 
 264 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUAt. 
 
 rye, k.) Prestigium, cath. et 
 UG. in magi, pancracium, UG. 
 et CATH. mimilogium, UG. in 
 miinus. 
 
 loYE. Gaudium, gloria. 
 
 loYE, and gladnesse yn chere. 
 Leticia , jocunditas, e.vultacio. 
 
 loYE yn herte. Jubilus, jubilacio. 
 
 loY, or pley })at begynnythe 
 wythe sorow, and endythe wythe 
 gladnes (ioye or myrthe ])at be- 
 gynnyt wit sorw, (Src. k.)' Co- 
 media, cath. 
 
 loY, or pley J)at begynnythe wythe 
 gladnesse, and endythe wythe 
 sorow (and grevowsnesse, s. 
 ioye or myrthe \>at be-gynnyt 
 wit gladnes, &c. k.) Tragedia, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 loYN, or make ioy (ioyin, k. s. 
 
 ioyen, p.) Gaudeo, jocundor, 
 
 let or, exulto. 
 loYXYN, or ionyon. Jungo, com- 
 
 pagino, pango, conjungo. 
 
 loYNTE. Junctura. 
 
 loYNTE, or knytty(n)ge to-gedur, 
 what so they be (knyttynge to- 
 gedur of what thyng so it be, 
 K. cutting togeder, p. puttynge, 
 w.) Compago, compages. 
 
 loYNTE, or hole of the knokylle 
 bone (cleped the whirlebone, 
 K. p.) Ancha, c. f. et hie di- 
 citur whyrlebone. 
 
 loL, or heed (ioUe, k. s. p.)^ 
 Caput. 
 
 loLY. Vermis, lascivus, c. f. re- 
 dimitus, gaudiosus. 
 
 loLYTE. Verrumcia, c. F. las- 
 civia, c. F. gaudiositas. 
 
 Ion, propyr name (lone, s. John, 
 p.)"^ Johannes. 
 
 (loNE, proper name, H. p. Jo- 
 hanna.) 
 
 loNYowRE (iojTiour, p.) Com- 
 paginator, pactor, archarius, 
 arcularius, brit. et UG. in 
 arceo. 
 
 ' See PLEY, hereafter. 
 
 2 " Brancus, a gole or a chawle." Vocabulary, Harl. MS. 1002. Skinner gives 
 " Jowl, caput, paruni defiexo scnsu ah A.S. ceole, yaiice*, hoc a Lat. gula ; hinc a jowl 
 of ling nobis appellatur non tantum caput sed etiam (esophagus.^' The term is applied 
 likewise to the heads of other kinds of fish, as the sturgeon. " lolle of a fysshe, teste." 
 PALSG. " A jole of fi&h, fauces piscium. Joll, as of salmon, &c. caput.'" gouldm. 
 Compare chavymjone, or chawlbone. An extraordinary prescription, the chief in- 
 gredient being a fat cat, is gipen in Sloane MS. l.'JTl, f. 4H, b. '* for bolnynge vndur \>e 
 chole." In the Master of Game mention occurs of the " iawle bone " of a wild boar. 
 Vesp. B. XII. f. 34, b. " Bucca, mala inferior, 8fc. the cheeke, iawe, or iowll." 
 Junius, by Higins. 
 
 3 This proper name was anciently used as a term of contempt, especially as applied 
 by the Reformers to the lower classes of the Romish priesthood. See Todd's note on 
 Spenser, Sheph. Cal. May, 309 ; Dr. Wordsworth's Remarks on the Life of Lord 
 Cobham, Eccl. Biog. i. 2G.5. John Bradford, writing to his mother, in 15.53, on the 
 revival of Popery, says, " now let the whoremonger ioy, with the dronckard, swearer, 
 couetous, malicious, and blynd bussard Syr lohn, for y*^ masse wil not bite them, nei- 
 tlier make them to blushe as preaching woulde.'' Martyrs' Letters, p. 292, orig. ed. 
 In Rcliqu. Ant. i. 1, an instance occurs where the priest is termed Sir John, early in 
 XVth cent. ? ^' Ian, as Jeau, John, also a cuckold. " Ian de l/lanc, the consecrated 
 bread, tearmed so by the Calvinists. Ian yipon, a gull, sot, ninny, fop, cokes.'' cotg.
 
 PROMPTORIUM FARVULORUM. 
 
 2G5 
 
 loPPE, or folte.' Joppus, c. f. 
 
 joppa. 
 Topper YE, or foltery. Jopperia. 
 loiiowRE (or iurowre, infra.) Su- 
 
 surro. 
 IoROWRYE(iorory, p.) Susiirrmm. 
 lowEL, or iuelle. Jocale, clino- 
 
 dium, KYLW. (jnonile, p.) 
 JovELERE, or iuelere (ioweller, 
 
 K. p.) Jocalarius. 
 (Iowyn' wythe the bylle,as byrdys, 
 
 supra in byllyn', et in iob- 
 
 BYN. Hostro.) 
 
 lowNCYNGE, or gretc vngcntylle 
 mevynge (iownsynge, or geiitil- 
 mevynge, K. ioyuncynge, s. iont- 
 inge, p.^- Strepitus. 
 
 lowpE, garment.-' Jupa, necc. 
 
 lowE, or chekebone (iovwe, s.) 
 Mandibula. 
 
 lows of frutys, or herbys, or other 
 lyke (iowse or iwse, k.) Jus, 
 succus. 
 
 lowTYS, potagc* Brassica, kylw. 
 vel bfissica, kylw. cum c. f, 
 juta, coMM. (hrastica, p.) 
 
 1 Compare iavel. In N. Britain a bigheaded, dull, lazy-looking fellow is called a 
 Jupsie. See Jamieson. Coles gives " Jobelin, a sot, or fool." 
 
 2 To jounce signifies in Norfolk " to bounce, thump, and jolt, as rough riders are 
 wont to do." FORBY. Shakespeare uses " jauncing " in a similar sense. Rich. II. 
 v. 5. " lancer vn cheval, to stirre a horse in the stable till he swart with all ; or as 
 our to jaunt ; (an old word.)" cotg. 
 
 •* Neccham, in his Treatise de nominibus utensilium, written early in the Xlllth 
 cent, describing the ordinary dress of the master of the family, when at home, says, 
 " perhendiiiaticrus {li asuiurner) jiipam habeat pemdatam (fure) et tunicam (cote) 
 manubiis {munches) et birris (geruns) munitani et manubiatam,''^ &c. Titus, D. xx. 
 f. 7, b. When mounted for the journey he was to wear the capa, with sleeves and 
 hood. The jupa appears to have been a long garment worn by all classes, secular and 
 religious, and both sexes. See Ducange. It was loosely made, for Chaucer uses the 
 comparison " riueling as a gipe ; " but the diminutive term jupo7i seems to imply that 
 the military garment so called, which fitted the person closely, was a kind of jupa. 
 Chaucer mentions the gipon as part of the attire of the knight, Cant. T. Prol. v. 75, 
 and Knight's T. v. 2122. A full account of the jupon, or guippon, will be found in Sir 
 S. Meyrick's Treatise on Military Garments worn in England, Archseol. xix. 236. la 
 Ly beaus Disconus the garment is termed a " gypell." In N. Britain a kind of short 
 cloak for women, as also a wide coat, is termed a jupe. 
 
 ■» Sir John Maundevile says of the monks of Mount Sinai, that they drink no wine, 
 " but jif it be on principalle festes, and thei lyven porely and sympely, with joutos and 
 with dates." Voiage, p. 71. In the Vision of" P. Ploughman, Wrath describes himself 
 as having been cook in a monastery. 
 
 " I was the Prioresse potager. 
 
 And maad hem joutes of janglyng." 2787. 
 
 Gower speaks of Diogenes gathering " ioutes" in his garden ; in the context they are 
 called "wortes." Conf. Am. B.vii. Numerous recipes for preparins joutes occur in books 
 of ancient cookery : in a curious collection in the possession of Sir T. Phiilipps is the 
 following: " Nou greybe we loute Uore, of moui muchel y-wylned. \e oleue bete, 
 and sclarie hokke i-boilled and wel i-bakked in an crouhhe clene y-washon. Hakke 
 ioutes gentil and veire ; do to jeohen ouer N fure grece of pork, hakke saffron, and 
 peopur," cS:c. XlVth cent. MS. Heber, 833G. The metrical recipe in the Liber cure 
 cocorum, Sloane MS. \WG, p. 97, gives a longer list of pot-herbs for compounding 
 
 CAMD. SOC. - M
 
 266 
 
 PnOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Ipocrysye. Ipocrisis. 
 Ipocrite. Ipocrita. 
 Iruepreu ABLE.Irreprehensibilis. 
 Iryne. Ferrum. 
 Irkesoum (irksum, k. p.) Fas- 
 
 tidiosus. 
 I r K ES UM N ES s E. Fastidlum. 
 Irkyn'. Fastidio, accidior. 
 IsYL of fyre.' Favilla, ug. in 
 
 scindo (cATH. p.) 
 IsYLKAKE, or chesekake, oi* ey- 
 
 kake bakyne vndyr askys.'- Fla- 
 
 micia, comm. 
 IsopE, herbe. Isopus. 
 Issu, entre. Ingressus. 
 Issu (or, K. p.) owt-gate. Exitiis, 
 
 egressus. 
 Issu (of) a slayne beoste (flayn, s.)-"^ 
 
 Intrale, vel in plur. intralia, 
 enteria, extum, ug. in suo. 
 
 IvE (ly, s.) Judeus. 
 
 lucE, idem quod iowce, supra. 
 
 (luELLE, supra in iowel.) 
 
 Ivel spekare. Maledicus, c. f. 
 maledica. 
 
 Iewesse. Judea. 
 
 Iuge, or domysman. Judex. 
 
 luGEMENT, or demynge. Ju- 
 dicium. 
 
 Ivy. Edera. 
 
 IvYL, or wykkyd. Mains, iniquus. 
 
 IvYL, or wykkydnesse. 3Ialum, 
 iniquitas. 
 
 [vYL, or sekenesse. Egrihido, in- 
 firmitas. 
 
 luNYPYR, tro. Juniperus. 
 
 joutes, " cole, borage, persyl, plumtre leues, redde nettel crop, maliies grene, rede brere 
 croppes, auans, violet and prymrol." These were to be ground in a mortar, and l)oiled 
 in broth. Compare the directions for " Eowtus of flesshe," and " Jowtus of Almaund 
 mylke," Forme of Cury, pp. 13, 45. Joutes are given under the head of " Potage 
 dyuers," Marl. MS. 279. See also Julius, D. viii. f. 91, 94. Sloane MS, 1571, f 3G,'b. 
 " lowtes, hec Inppates.'''' cath. ang. See Ducange, v. Jutta. Armoric, Joud, puis. 
 ' G. de Bibelesworth, in the chapter on domestic matters, lighting the fire, &c. says, 
 
 " Va (juere brcses en vne teske (a pot schoord.) — 
 Gardcz vos draas de falemecclies (from hiseles.)" 
 
 Arund. MS. 220, f. 302, b. 
 
 The MS. in Public Li])rary at Cambridge, according to Reliqu. Ant. ii. 84, gives the 
 reading ^'^ flamnecches, liuyssels." " Est scintilla proprie accensa, favilla vero ea.'- 
 tincta, a ysel." med. '■' Fa'cilla, i. scintilla, ysyle or sperkell. Versus: Ardet scin- 
 tilla, non ardens esfo favilla.'^ ortus. " A iselle,./ari7/a, or a sperke." cath. ang. 
 Ang. -Sax. ys\e, /avilla. Bp. Kunnett has the following note amongst his Gloss. Coll. 
 Lansd. MS. 10.i.'5 : " Isles, embers, hot ashes. Lane. Easles, in Essex. Icelandic, Eysa, 
 cinis it/nitus.^' This word is still used in N. Britain : see Jamieson, v. Aizle, Eizle, or 
 Isillis. 
 
 2 Eykake is a cake compounded with eggs. Compare ey, ovum. Flamicia signifies 
 a Fr-AWNE. See the note on that word. 
 
 3 In stat. 12 Ric. II. c. 1.3, 1338, it is ordered that the "fi/mes, et autres ordures 
 des issues et entrailles sihien dcs bestes tuez, come des autres corrupcions," cast into 
 the ditches adjoining to towns, shall be removed, under a penalty of X'20. In the 
 English version the word here is rendered " garbage." Stat, of Realm, ii. 59. In the 
 Office of the Celleresse of liarking, the " yssucs of the larder " are explained to be the 
 hidfs, inwards, and tallow of oxen, ike. which were sold, and of which she was cliarged 
 to rcMilcr an account, (^ott. MS. Nero, 1). viii. Mon, Ang. i. 81. " Z,w issues d'vne 
 beste, the head and intrals of a beast." COTO.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 267 
 
 Ivor, or ivery (iwr, or iwery, ii. 
 
 yvory, s. iuyr, p.) Ehur. 
 luRDONE, pyssepotte.' Jto'danus, 
 
 IvRYE, where Ivys dwelle (Iwry, 
 
 s.)^ Judea, Jtulaismus. 
 luRYSDiCTioN (or an auctorite, r.) 
 
 madella, c. f. madula, c. f. urna. Jurisdictio. 
 
 • '^Madula, lordeyne or pisse-potte. " med. "A lordane, madula, madellum, 
 minsarium.'''' cath. ang. Walsingham relates the appropriate punishment imposed 
 upon a quack physician, who was compelled to ride through London with his face to 
 the horse's tail, his neck garnished with " ducE ollce, quas lordanes vulgo vocatnus.'^ 
 A.D. 1382, ed. Camd. 288. Holinshed, who calls him "a coleprophet," terms them 
 " two iorden pots.'' Chron. iii. p. 440. Chaucer speaks of urinals and "jordanes" 
 (Pardonere's Prol.), and if not identical, they seem to have been similar in form. See 
 the marginal sketch in Sloane MS. 73, f. 138, b. where it is said, in the directions for 
 preparing vermillion, "take a good thicke lordan of glas," which, after being well 
 covered with luting, was to be used as a sort of crucible. It is precisely of the same shape 
 as the glass vessel usually held by the leech, or water-doctor, in ancient representations. 
 The word is found in the Vision of P. Ploughman, and is used by Shakespeare. Skinner 
 thinks it is not derived from the name of the river Jordan, but from Ang.-Sax. jor, 
 sordes, and den, receptaculum ; an etymology which has been adopted by the author of 
 the Craven Glossary. The derivation from Armoric, dourden, urina, has also been sug- 
 gested. Blount states that the Jordan was a double urinal, but offers no explanation. 
 
 - The Jewish community being regarded as the property of the Sovereign, is termed 
 in ancient records " Judaismus Regin, Judaismns noster, or commimitas Judoeorum nos- 
 trorum : " and the Jews were bound to reside only in royal cities and boroughs. See 
 " Les Estatutz de la Jeuerie," t. Edw. I. Stat, of Realm, i. 221. They were marked 
 by a badge, and although it does not appear that they were compelled to dwell in one 
 part of a city, appropriated to them , as is the Ghetto in the cities of Italy, yet they 
 seem to have congregated in a district, probably on account of the detestation in which 
 they were held, and it is remarkable, that although more than five centuries have 
 elapsed since they were totally expelled by Edw. I. in 1290, the memorial of their settle- 
 ments in many cities in England is still preserved in the local name of Jewry. M. Paris 
 speaks of the Judaismus at Worcester, which was ravaged by Rob. de Ferrars in 120'4 ; 
 and Rob. of Glouc. says of the great outrage at the accession of Richard, Coeur de Lion, 
 
 " Ther was many a wilde hine, that prest was ther to, 
 
 And wende in to the Gywerie, and woundede, and to drowe," &c. p. 435. 
 
 R. Brunne uses "Juerie" in a like signification. See Chaucer's account of the 
 " Jewerie " in a Christian city in Asia ; Prior. T. 13,419. Besides the Old Jewry in the 
 metropolis, there is still the Jewry at Canterbury. Leland speaks of the street at Win- 
 chester, leading from the High Street to the North Gate, " caullyd the Jury, by cause 
 Jues did enhabite it, and had theyr synagoge there," Itin. iii. f. 71, and says of Warwick, 
 " The suburbe without the East-Gate is called the Smithes streete ; I hard ther that the 
 Jues some tyme dwellyd in it." Itin. iv. f. 1G5, a. In ancient deeds relating to Warwick 
 "theJurye" is mentioned, and the Jury street still exists. At Lynn, where the 
 Promptorium was compiled, the Jews had formed a numerous settlement at an early 
 period, and there is still the Jews' street. Blomf. Norf. iv. 578. In low Latin tho part 
 of a city reserved for the Jews was called Judcearia, Juderia, Jutaria, or Judun. m 
 Yrendi Jnierie, Jnirie, or Juterie ; wherein, in some countries, they were compelled 
 exclusively to dwell. See further of the early settlements of the Jews in England m 
 Dr. Tovey's Anglia Judaica, and Caley's Observations, Archseol. viii. 389.
 
 268 
 
 PROMPTOKIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 luRNALLE, lytylle hoke, Diurnate. 
 luRNEY.^ Dieta. 
 luRXEY, of walkynge. Viagium. 
 I u ROW RE (iurrour, K. p.) idem 
 
 quod lOROWRE, supra? 
 (IvRROWRY, H. p. or iorowrye, 
 
 supra. Sustiriiuia, cath.) 
 lussELLE, or dyschelle, dyshemete 
 
 (iuschel, or dishel, s.)-^ Jussel- 
 
 lum, COMM. 
 
 I us TARE. Hast'dusor. 
 
 lusTYN wythe sperys. Lancino, 
 
 CATH. hastiludo. 
 lusTYNGE. Hastiludus, hastilu- 
 
 dium. 
 lusTE, potte.^ O(e)noferum, c. f. 
 
 (cath. p. Justa, s.) 
 lusTYCE. Justiciarius. 
 Iustyfyyn', or make rygh(t)efulle 
 
 (rythfuUe, k.) Justlfico. 
 luwERE (iver, n. ivvere, s. iuwr', 
 
 p.) Remedium. 
 
 1 Dieta, according to the Catholicon, signifies a day's journey : the term occurs in 
 this sense in Bracton and Fleta, where it is said that " omnis rationahilis dieta constat 
 ex xjc. milliaribus." Chaucer uses the word in tliis sense, Knight's T. 2740 ; Chaucer's 
 Dream, 1945 ; and also in that of a day's work, Rom. of Rose, 579. Journey had also 
 the signification of a day's conflict, in like manner as the expression " the day " is used 
 at present. Thus in the Paston Letters it is said of the Battle of St. Alban's, 1455, that 
 " alie the Lordes that dyed at the jorney arn beryed at Seynt Albanes ; " and the en- 
 gagement is termed " the male journey " of St. Alban's, meaning, apparently, the dis- 
 astrous battle. Vol. i. 108,110. See Jamieson, i>. Jorneye. In Norfolk, Journey implies 
 the time a man is at plough, about six hours ; if he works nine, two Journeys are taken. 
 
 - In the Catholicon susurro is rendered nmrmurator, and susurrium, murmur, latens 
 locntio. Both the English and Latin words are here evidently onomatopeias, and in 
 like manner the sound produced by different birds is termed jurring, or jarring. In the 
 Liber vocatus Femina, MS. Trin. Coll. Cant., amongst the noises of animals, it is said 
 that " Colure ierist, et cok chatint, coluere iurrut, and cok syngejj." To jurre signifies 
 also to strike harshly against any thing, in which sense it is used by Holland, Pliny, 
 B. ix. 30 ; Livy, p. 9'J3. Cotgrave gives " Bocquer, to butte or jurre. Heurter, to 
 knock, push, jur, joult, or hit violently against.'' Jamieson gives jurr as signifying the 
 noise of water falling among loose stones. 
 
 •* Jusselle was a compound of eggs and grated bread, with saffron and sage, boiled in 
 broth. The name seems to have been taken from the ancient dish called Juscellum by 
 Apicius. See directions for making " Jusshell '' in the Forme of Cury, pp. 28, 97 ; 
 Harl. MS. 5401, p. 198. The Liber cure cocorum supplies, under the head de 
 Potaffiis, the following metrical recipe for " lusselle." 
 
 " Take myud bred and eyren J>ou swynge 
 To horn to-gedur wyth out lettyng ; 
 Take fresshe brothe of gode befe, 
 Coloure hyt wyth safron hat is me lefe ; 
 Boyle hyt softly, and in )>o boylyng 
 Do her to sage, and persely 3oyng." Sloane MS. 1986, p. 58. 
 
 Elyot gives " Minutal, a meate made with chopped herbes, a iussell." See Ducange 
 V. t/us.iellum, andJuscellum. " JosscI, an hodge-podge. North." Grose; Craven Dial. 
 4 ppotte, MS. " Obba, qnidam vas liqiiidorum, Aiu/lice a iuste.'' mkd. " Ono- 
 pkoruin, a crostell, or a wyne |)ott('. Junta, olla motiac/ii.'' ortus. According to 
 Ducange the term justa demesuralis occurs in the signification of a certain measure, by 
 which wine was served to the monks. So likewise in the Consuetudinary of Evesham, 
 j)rinfed by Dugdalc from the document in tiic Augmentation Office, the "junta" is
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 269 
 
 Kable, schyppe rope. Curculia, 
 CATH. rudens, c. f. restis, catii. 
 
 Kace, happe. Casus. 
 
 Kace, of closynge.' Capsa. 
 
 Kace, or casse for pynnys (or 
 nedelys, h. p.) Capc.ella. 
 
 Kacchyn' a-wey (kachyn, k.)- 
 
 AbigO, CATH. 
 
 (Kahchynge, or dryuynge, k. h. 
 
 katchynge, p. 3Iinaius.) 
 Kage. Catasta. 
 (Kake, k. h. p. CoUrida, torta.') 
 Kalendere. Calendarium, 
 Kalendys. Kalende, plur. 
 Kallyn', or clepyn'. Voco. 
 Kampyn'.^ Pedipilo. 
 Karde for wuUe. Cardus (c.f. 
 
 dicit quod cardi sunt pectines 
 
 ferrei, P.) 
 
 Kardyn'. Carpo, catii. 
 
 Karyyn'. Veho. 
 
 Quere plura vocabula i>i C. literd, 
 supra, sub hac sillabd Ca in 
 principio dictioyiis. 
 
 Key of a lok. Clavis. 
 
 Key, or knyttynge of ij. wallys, or 
 trees yn an vnstabylle grownde 
 (key of stathe, k. in one stable 
 grounde, p.)-* Loramentum, 
 CATH. et c. F. vel cuya, secun- 
 dum communes cartas. 
 
 Keyage, or botys stondynge. 
 mpatum, UG. in D. 
 
 Kekyyn', or priuely waytyn' 
 (kekyn, k. h. s. p.)-^ Intuor, 
 observo, c. f. (^sjieculor, k.) 
 
 Kelare, vesselle. Frigidai-ium. 
 
 (Kei.are, infra in kymlyne.) 
 
 named as the measure by which drinks were at certain seasons to be served by the cel- 
 lerer. Mon. Angl. i. 149. Roquefort states that the Juste contained about a pint, but 
 the Jida, which Ducange considers as synonymous, is accounted to hold two quarts. 
 
 * Clothynge, MS. and s. The other MSS. and Pynson's edit, give closynge. Compare 
 CASE, of closynge. 
 
 2 Katchyn, MS. See cachyn' a-way. Compare Teut. Ketsen, seciari, cursare. 
 In Arund. MS. 42, f. 11, b. it is said that Cajnllun Veneris " mundefyeh be lunges, and 
 J>e breste, and cacchet" out wykede materes in hem;" aud that " margery perles — 
 wastyn, and fordon, and cacchen out of \>e body wykede humors ; " f. 12, b. 
 
 3 See campyn'. In ancient deeds cited in the Hist, of Hengrave, p. II, mention 
 occurs of " le camping close," near Fornham St. Genevieve, where Montford, Earl of 
 Leicester, was defeated in 1173 ; and the name has been supposed to have some con- 
 nection with that occurrence, but more probably was given to a close apjiropriated to 
 camping, the favourite game of the Eastern counties. Sir Tlios. Brown gives to kamp 
 in his list of Norfolk words. Tusser speaks of the game, in December's Husbandry, as 
 beneficial to grass land. In a publication by M. Stevenson, 1673, entitled " Norfolk 
 drollery," is a poem in reference to this ancient game, and it is fully described by Forby. 
 
 t Loramentum is explained in the Catholicon to mean boarding or frame-work com- 
 pacted together, as in the construction of a ceiling. Stathe, which here is found only 
 in the King's Coll. MS. occurs hereafter, as follows, stathe, waterys syde. Stacio. 
 It signifies a landing-place for merchandise, or quay, and several instances are found at 
 Lynn and Hull. Ducange, v. Caya, rejects Spelman's derivation of this word ; " Kaia, 
 area in littore, e compactis tabtilis trabibusqiie, claviuin instar, fiiinata. Sax. cics," 
 clavis, which, however, here appears to be the correct etymology. " Key to knytte 
 walles toguyder, clef." palsg. 
 
 s Kkuvyn', MS. Compare waytyn, or a-spyyii. Observo. Chaucer uses tlie vert> 
 to kyke in the sense of gazing with a fixed look. Nicholas is thus described, when, to 
 deceive the carpenter, he pretended to be distraught, or in amazement :
 
 270 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Kelyn', or wax colde be hyt selfe 
 
 (kelyn be \>c self, K.) Frigeo, 
 
 CATii. frigesco. 
 Kelyn, or make colde. Frigefacio. 
 Kelle.i Reticulum, retiaculum, 
 
 CATH. et UG. in teneo (reciolum, 
 
 s. p.) 
 Kemyn' here. Como, cath. 
 
 Keme wuUe, or othere lyke. Pec- 
 
 tino. 
 Kemynge of here, or wuUe. Pec- 
 
 tinacio. 
 Kempe eel (^sic, k. h. s. p.)- 
 Kempe of herynge, or spyrlynge. 
 Kempte. Pectinatus, comptus. 
 Kempstare. Pectrix. 
 
 " This Nicholas sat ever gaping upright, 
 As he had kyked on the newe mone." Miller's Tale, 3445. 
 
 Brockett and Jamieson give to keek or keik, to look with a prying eye, to spy narrowly. 
 Su. G. kika, intentis ocuUs videre. Compare Teut. kijcken, Belg. kyken, spectare. 
 
 1 " /?e<icM/a, a lyteU nette or kalle. Reticinellum, a.'kmWe.^' o'rt. '■^ A keWe, reticulum, 
 reticinellum. A kelle knytter, relicularius." cath. ang. The fashion of confining the 
 hair ia an ornamental network, whicli occasionally was jewelled, seems to have obtained 
 in England from the time of Hen. III. until that of Elizabeth, and an endless variety 
 of examples are afforded by illuminated MSS. and monumental effigies. It was termed 
 calle or kelle, a term directly taken, perhaps, from the French cale, Lat. calantica or 
 callus ; and it had also the appellation " creepen," crespine, still retained in Southern 
 Europe to denote the picturesque head-dresses of the females, formed with net-work of 
 coloured silk, and which still present many of the fashions of ancient times. The head- 
 attire of the lovely lady who led in Sir Galrun to the court of King Arthur is thus 
 described (Anturs of Arther, ed. Robson, p. 14.) : 
 
 " Her fax in fyne perrfc was frettut and fold. 
 
 Her counter-felit and hur kelle were colurt ful clene." St. 29. 
 
 Sec Kynge of Tars, 365 ; the Grene Knight, 261 ; Cant. Tales, 6600 ; Troil. iii. 775 ; 
 Townl, Myst. p. 312, &c. In the minute description of the attire of Elizabeth, Queen 
 of Hen. VII. as she appeared before her coronation, 1487, it is said that she wore 
 " her faire yelow hair hanging down pleyne byhynd her bak, with a calle of pipes over 
 it." Lei. Coll. iv. 220. Hall mentions the "kail" worn by Anne of Cleves at her 
 first interview with Hen. VIII. 1547. "Call for maydens, retz de soye.'" i'alsg. 
 Amongst the occuj)ations of the ancient ladies of the court of Elizabeth, Harrison men- 
 tions " caulworke." Descr. of Eng. llolinsli. Chron. i. 11)6. The term caul is a})plied 
 likewise in other significations. Amongst the pertineticia pixcatorurn, Harl. MS. 1002, 
 f. 15.'5, is given " Calle or pu(r)snett, rc</ct</MW2.'' The o^weH^MW* of a slaughtered beast 
 is called in Norfolk the kell. " Kell in a woman's belly, tai/e." palsg. The super- 
 stition respecting the membrane which sometimes covers the head of a new-born infant, 
 termed the caul, and in the North the silly-how, noticed by Grose and Brand, has been 
 mentioned in the note on the word hovve, p. 250. " Ang. -Sax. cylla, uler." skinnkr. 
 - The signification of kempk, as applied to fish, is very obscure. Kemp, from Ang.- 
 Sax. cempa, miles, signifies a knight or champion, and thence implies excellence 
 or superiority, as in strength, or unusual size. See the remarks of Ihre on Su. G. 
 kaempe, ulhleta. " A kempe, xibi a giande.'' cath. ang. Kempe may therefore here 
 denote an eel of the largest size, called otherwise a fausen eel, or a spitchcock. In 
 the version of Junius' Nomenclator, v. Anguilla, Higius observes, " jn'd'f/raudis, a 
 fausen eele, minima, a grigge, media, a scaffling dicitur.'^ See Gesu. dc Aijuat. lib. iv. 
 Palsgrave gives " Kempe eele," without any French word.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 •271 
 
 Keende, or kynrede (kendo, or 
 ken rede, k. or kyndc, p.) Genus, 
 progenies, prosapia, stirps. 
 
 Kende, or kynde of thyngys ))at 
 Godd cowrsly hathe insett ())at 
 God hathe made, k. cursly, ii. jjat 
 God cowrsly msette, s.) Natuva. 
 
 Kende, or kynde, or ft-e (of, k.) 
 herte, and gentylle (fre or ientyll 
 of herte, p.) Gratiis. 
 
 Keendly, or frely (kyndly, or 
 frendly, h. p.) Gr-atanter, 
 mnicabiliter. 
 
 Kendly, after \q. cowrs of kende 
 (aftyr kynde, K, kende, or kindly, 
 or after curtsy of kinde, p.) 
 Naturaliter. 
 
 Kendlynesse of a gentyl herte 
 
 (kendnesse, k. p.) Gratitndo. 
 Kene, or scharpc. Asper, acutu.s. 
 Kenel for \\o\\\\^!i\%.Cantul(irinm, 
 
 cuhile, caniculariuin, kylw. 
 Kenet, hownde.' Heperarius, 
 
 venaticus, caniculics, comm. (/<?- 
 
 porarius, kylw. k. s.) 
 Kenne, or teche.^ Doceo,instruo, 
 
 informo. 
 (Kennyn, or knowyn, k. ii. s. p. 
 
 Agnosco.') 
 Kennynge, or knowynge (tokcn- 
 
 yng, K. kennynggys, or know- 
 
 ynggys, s.)*^ Cognicio, agnicio. 
 Kennynge, or techynge. In- 
 structio, informacio, doctrina. 
 
 1 The kenet is mentioned in the " Maystere of the Game; c. xiij. of rennynge 
 lioundis. There ben also rennynge houndes, some lasse and some moor ; and l^e lasse 
 byn clepid kenettis, and J^es houndes rennen wel to al maner game, and hei servene for 
 al game ; men clepin hem heirers, and euery hounde J'at hajj \>&t corage wil falle to be 
 an heirere of nature with litel makynge," &c. Vesp. B. xii. f. 65. From this passage 
 it might be supposed that harriers were originally so termed as being well adapted for 
 close pursuit, and not from their being specially used in hunting the hare. Roquefort 
 gives " harier ; jjresser, harceler, poufsuivre.^' In " Dame Julyans Bernes doctryne, 
 in her Boke of huntynge," it is said, " Thyse ben the names of houndes. Fyrste there 
 is a Grehoun(de), a Bastard, a Mengrell, a Mastif, a Lemor, a Spanyel, Raches, Ke- 
 nettys, Teroures, Butchers houndes, dunghyll dogges, Tryndeltaylles, and pryckeryd 
 currys ; and smalle ladyes popees that here awaye the flees, and dyuers smale fawtes." 
 Sign. e. ij. \°. ed. 149G. Roquefort gives " chiennet, chenet ; en has Lai. chenetus," 
 as signifying a little dog ; and the term occurs in the satirical Anglo-Norman poem, 
 descriptive of the lady of the XlVth cent, and her dogs, who, as it is said, ''jjtus ad 
 cher un kenet ke nul vache hou tor." Rel. Antiqu. i. 155. 
 
 " La troverez les kenez sayllaunz cum grifiloim, 
 
 E les graunz leverez raumpanz cum li/oim." Harl. MS. 209, f. 7. b. 
 In the ancient romances the kenet is mentioned as used in the chace of the deer, and 
 the wild-boar. See the descriptions of the hunting parties of King Arthur and his 
 knights, in the Anturs of Arther, st. iv. ; Avowynge of King Arther, st. vi. ed. Robson, 
 pp. 2, GO. They here appear to have been led in couples, and used witli the liounds 
 called raches, and berselettes, besides greyhounds. It seems, therefore, that they were 
 the smaller dogs, which served to find the beast of chace, and on that account kenet is 
 here rendered reperarhis. Venaticus is rendered in the Ortus " a sjianycl.' J' A 
 kenit, catiiculus." oath. ang. See also Syr Gawayn and the Grene Knyjt, line 1701, 
 ed. Madden. Palsgrave gives " kenet coloure, ce?jrfrt'." 
 
 - In the Vision of P. Ploughman the verb to kenne repeatedly occurs in this sense. 
 See also Syr Gawayn and the Grene Knyjt, line 14y4 ; TowneUy Myst. pp. 'J, 10. 
 3 Will. Worcester uses the term kenning to denote a distance at sea, pp. 171), 313 ;
 
 272 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 (Keo, or chowghe, supra in 
 
 CADAW, et infra in koo, 
 
 BRYD. 3fonedula.) 
 Kepare, Custos, conservator, 
 
 conservatrix, 
 Kepare of an howse. Edituiis, 
 
 editua. 
 Kepare of an howse, or an howse 
 
 holdare. Paterfamilias. 
 
 Kepyn'. Custodio, servo, conservo. 
 Kepynge. Custodia, observacio, 
 
 observancia. 
 Ker, where treys growyn be a 
 
 watur or a fenn.' Cardetum. 
 (Ker for aldyr, ii. p. A/netnm.) 
 Kerche, or kyrchefe.- Peplum, 
 
 terestrum, cath. Jiameum, c. F. 
 
 Jiameolum, comm. 
 
 and it appears from Leland that 20 miles was accounted as a kenning, probably, as the 
 extreme distance within ordinary sight. " Scylley is a Kennyng, that is to say, about 
 a XX. miles from the very Westeste pointe of Cornewaulle." Itin. iii. f. (j. See also 
 f. 13. In the North, according to Brockett, half a bushel is called a kenning. 
 
 ^ In the Mayster of Game it is said of the Roe, " They hauntene in strange hattes of 
 wood, or in stronge hethys, and somtyme in carres, and comonly in hie contrees." 
 Vesp. B. XII. f. 32, b. John Crane, of Norton Subcors, Norwich, bequeathed to his 
 wife, in 1484, " all the londs, merys, marysses, alderkars,'' &c. in Norton. Transcripts 
 from Registers at Norwich, Harl. MS. 10, f. 195, b. Camden, in his Remains, under 
 Surnames, explains car as signifying " a low waterie place, where alders do grow, or a 
 poole." Car signifies in Norfolk, according to Forby, a wood or grove on a moist soil, 
 generally of alders. Brockett gives carr, flat marshy land, or a small lake. So like- 
 wise Leland, in his description of the N. Riding, says, " there is a praty car or pole in 
 Bishop's Dale."' Itin. v. f. 116. He speaks repeatedly of "low medowes, and morisch 
 ground ful of carres." Itin. i. f. 40, 66, 74. In Lord North's Household Book, 1512, 
 a warrant is given for taking swans from the carre of Arrom, in the lordship of Lekin- 
 field, Yorkshire. See Jamieson, v. Carse, and Kerss. Compare aldyrkyr, in the 
 Promptorium. Su. G. kaerr, Isl. kaer, palus. 
 
 ' The kerchief, derived from the French couvre chief, or crevechi, a covering for the 
 head, the heafod-claS of the Anglo-Saxons, was, until the XVIth cent., almost an in- 
 dispensible portion of female attire. Illuminated MSS. and monumental effigies present 
 an endless variety of the fashions of its arrangement. R. Brunne, describing the flight 
 of the Empress Maud from Oxford across the frozen Thames, 1142, says that she wore 
 only her smock, but her features were decently veiled. (Langt. Chron. p. 122) : 
 
 " Wijjouten kirtelle or kemse, saue kouerchief alle bare vis." 
 
 See Coer de Lion, 1031. Chaucer, in the Man of Law's Tale, calls it a " kercher," 
 and alludes to the usage that the widow should conceal her face with the " coverchefe," 
 as so frequently seen on sepulchral effigies. Wife of Bathe's Prol. 6171. The kerchief 
 was formed of silk, crape, or any thin tissue, which, when necessary, was rendered stiff" 
 by starch. See starch e for kyrchcys. The material termed " plytes " seems to 
 have been imported from Flanders or Germany. Isabella Belgrafe beeiueaths, in 1401, 
 "iij. peces^am', videlicet ij. de serico, et ']. de kryspe ; " and in 1402 the wife of a 
 tanner at York mentions her ^^ flameola de threde ; \].flameola de cipres, et j. lampas 
 volet." In the will of Isaliella de Wyleby, 1415, she devises "Jtameoliwi de krexpe ; 
 j. plice de lawnd ; ]. Jtnmeolum de Pari/.ise ; flanieuluni de Rei/n.t,'^ itc. and to the 
 nursery women of Raby Castle, where she died, '^ rottiliim de flameulo de colon." 
 Testam. Ebor. i. 280, 289, 383. The material called plitcs is named in the Compotus for 
 the collection of the subsidy on importations to Hull, 1400 : " M.Vu]'' flammeoV vac'
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUAf. 278 
 
 Kervare be-forne a lorde.' Esca- 
 rius, CATH. cironomon, dist. 
 
 Kervare, or kuttare. Scissor. 
 
 Kervare, or gravowre. Sculptor. 
 
 KERVYjj'or cutton'. Scindo, cath. 
 seco. 
 
 Kervyn', or gravyn'. Sculpo. 
 
 Kervynge, or kuttynge. Scissura. 
 Kervynge, or gravynge, Sculp- 
 
 tura. 
 Ketyl, or chetyle, or caudrone. 
 
 Cacabus, lehes. 
 Ketylle HAT.2 PeJUrisy VG. in 
 
 pello, galerus, comm. 
 
 plites vaV xxj. /«." Frost's Hist, of Hull. The stat. 3 Edw. IV. c. 5, forbade the sale, 
 after Mich. 1465, of " ascune laime, nifels, umple, ou ascun autre rnanere dez couvre- 
 chiefs doiint le price d^un jjllfe passera a:.s.:" these were of foreign manufacture. 
 " Amiculum, a bende or a kerchyff." med. " Multicium, testis subtilis, a sylken cote, 
 dikerchev, factum de ser'tco.'" ort. In Pynson's Boke to lerne French are given "a 
 kyrcherr, ung kermterchief; a neckyrchiar, ung collerette ; " and Palsgrave has " cour- 
 chefe, quevuerc/iief " Kerchiefe worne with a paste or roUe, tcenia. Kerchiefe 
 worue vpon the head, chekes, or eares,yoca/e.'' huloet. Compare volypere, kerche. 
 
 ' " Cironomon (a keruere) mensis, lectis assistit aleptes (a surgyone, or a chamber- 
 leyne.)" Distigius, Harl. MS. 1002, f. 113. The functions of the h-ertcAea^or, or ecj^V^*" 
 trenchant, at the table of the sovereign or noble, were regarded as of an honourable 
 nature, and regulated by prescribed ceremonial. The details thereof may be learned 
 from the Household Ordinances of the English Court, published by the Ant. Soc. ; the 
 ceremonial of theinthronization of Abp. Neville, 1466, Leland, Coll. vi. ; the order for 
 the government of a nobleman's house, 1605, Archseol. xiii. 315, and similar docu- 
 ments. At the coronation of Hen. IV. the office of carver was claimed by the Earl of 
 Somerset, half-brother to the King, in right of his earldom of Lincoln ; and on ordinary 
 occasions the office was discharged by Bannerets, or Knights bachelors, who were called 
 Knights of chamber, or, in their absence, by the Knights of household. See Liber 
 Niger Edw. IV. Househ. Ord. 32. The Lords Henry Neville and Clinton were the 
 Chief carvers at the court of Hen. VIII. 1526 ; and at all times the office seems to have 
 been held by men of rank, and was conferred by patent. See the Treatise de scissura 
 ciborum, et servicio dominorum diversis teiiiporibits, Sloane MS. 1986, t. Hen. VI. 
 especially the chapter de culte/lis domini, in the Treatise de officiariis in curiis domi- 
 norum, which has been edited by Mr. Halliwell for the Percy Soc. Boke of Curtasye, 
 p. 28, The minor details of the craft are given in the Boke of Kerving, W. de Worde, 
 1508. " Karuer afore a Prince, Escvier trenchant. I kerue as a lordes karuer dothe 
 at his table, le trenche. I put the towell aboute a karuer or seruer's necke, that shall 
 serue a greate man at his table, le encolle la touaille." palsg. The proceeding to 
 which allusion is here made was conducted with ceremony, and was termed arming 
 the carver ; see Leland, Coll. vi. 7 ; Archseol. xiii. 332. At certain times both the 
 carver and sewer performed their services kneeling on one knee, as represented in the 
 illumination which exhibits the death of Earl Godwin at the table of Edw. the Conf. 
 Vitell. A. XIII. Strutt's Regal Ant. pi. 2. 
 
 2 Pe//Jrw appears to have been a helm of leather, which was called also a palet, a 
 word occurring in the Promptorium. By Uguitio it is explained to ha\e been " galea 
 ex corio vel pelle," to which, in the Ortus, is added, '' Anglice, a helme of lether. 
 Ga/era*, a coyfe of lether." lb. Sir W. Langford, in 1411, bequeaths to his son a 
 " haberion," and a " ketill hatte," which is considered by Sir S. Meynck to have been 
 identical with the visored capelline, or steel hat, represented in Crit. Enquiry, ii. pi. 4n. 
 It would appear from the Promptorium that the kettle hat was e.\clusively formed of 
 leather ; it is, however, probable that the name was likewise given to the chapel de 
 fer, or capellus ferren.i , used from the time of Edw. II. until the XVIth cent, the form 
 CAMD. SOC. 
 
 2 N
 
 276 
 
 PROMPTORIUM I'ARVULORUM. 
 
 Kyppyn', idem quod hynton, 
 
 supra (hentyn, k. heuyn, p.)' 
 Kyppyxge, or hyntynge (hent- 
 
 ynge, k. p.) Raptus. 
 Kyptre of a welle.- Telo, c. f. 
 
 et CATH. ciconia, c. f. {te- 
 
 lena, k.) 
 (Kyrchefe, supra in kerche.) 
 Kyrnel of frute.'^ Granum, gra- 
 
 nelhim. 
 Kyrnel of a notte. Nucleus, 
 
 CATH. UG. in noceo, nncuhcs, 
 c. F. 
 
 Kyrnel, or knobbe yn a beeste, 
 or mannys flesche (knoble, s.)'* 
 Granulum, glandula, c. F. 
 
 Kyrvyn', or grubbyn' {svpra in 
 delvyn, K. kyrmyn, s. kyrryn, p.) 
 Fodito, c. F. et CATH. J'odio, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Kyrstyone, or Crystyone, propur 
 name (Kirstiane, k. Kyrstyan, or 
 
 1 The verb to kippe, signifying to snatch up hastily, occurs frequently in Havelok : 
 
 " And Robert kipt ut a knif long, 
 
 And smot him thoru the rith arm." 2407. 
 See also lines 894, 1050 ; and K. Horn, 1208 ; R. Glouc. p. 125 ; R. Brunne, &c. It 
 is still in use in the Northern dialect. See Brockett and Jamieson, v. Kep ; and Bp. 
 Kennett's Coll. Lansd. MS. 1033 : "To kep, or cep, Bor. to catch, as, kep the ball." 
 " To kep, vide to catch." gouldm. Ang.-Sax. cepan, Teut. keppen, cajitare. 
 
 2 The Catholicon gives the following explanation : " Telonem hortulani twcant 
 lignum quo hatiriunt aqnam, a longitudine dictum ; hoc Hispani ciconiam dicunt, quia 
 imiteiur avem illam rostrum levantem et deponentem : hujus lignum modo saepe fit super 
 puteos." Horman says, " the buckette is of fro the swepe or flayle, and failed into 
 the welle ; nrnula ciconie siz^e teloni e.rcidit." The term seems to be derivable from 
 Ang.-Sax. cepan. In the North the hooks by which a pot is suspended, a contrivance 
 somewhat similar to the telo for raising water, are termed kilps, or pot-kelps, according 
 to Ray. " A kylpe of a caldrone, perpendictdum.'" cath. ang. See Brockett and 
 Craven Dialect, v. Kelps. 
 
 3 G. de Bibelesworth says, speaking of eating an apple, 
 
 " La pepigniere (the skore) vous engettez. 
 Si Ics pcpignes (he kurnelles) ne plaiaitez.^' 
 Forby states that kernel signifies, in Norfolk, a grain, as " a kernel of wheat, a kernel 
 of salt." The archaic use of the word, as denoting grain, appears in the Ortus : 
 " Granum, yJnglice corne, a kyrnell. Granellum, graynes, or a lytel kyrnel. Gramino, 
 to borionne or kyrnell. Grano, i. grants implere, to kyrnell." " A kyrnelle, e«?<c/ea, 
 granum, nucleus. To kyrnelle, granare, granescere." oath. ang. In Coverdale's 
 version of the treatise by Wermulicrus, entitled The precious Pearl, 15fi0, f. 80, it is 
 said that " when the corn is threshed, the kernell lieth mixed among the chaffe, and 
 afterward are they disseuered with the fanne or wendle." Plot speaks of corn full of 
 "kernell." Hist. Oxf. p. 245, Compare ceede of corne, as kyrnel. Ang.-Sax. cyrnel, 
 nucleus. 
 
 * " Glatidi'la, nodtts sub cute, a waxynge curnelle." med. In Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. 
 de infirmilatibus, are mentioned " Glandulli, wax kyrnel." " Waxyng kyrnels, glande, 
 glanders, Kyrnell or knobbe in the necke, or other where, ^/awrfre." i'alsg. "• Tolies, 
 a waxynge kernell." ki.ygt. The books of the ancient leeches contain numerous re- 
 medies ; see Boorde's Breviary of Health, c. 14, 75, 1G5, " of carnelles in the flesh," 
 ^c. ; and Langhara's Garden of Health.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 277 
 
 Krystyan, s.) Christina (^Chris- 
 
 i ana, s. p.) 
 K RTYL.^ Txmica, subuncula. 
 Kys, or kus.2 Osculum, hasium. 
 Kyssyd. Osculatus, hasiatiis. 
 Kyssyn' (kysscn, or ben kissed, 
 
 p.) Osculor. 
 
 Kyssynge. Osculacio, osculatus. 
 Kytlynge.3 Catillus, catuncu- 
 
 lus. 
 Kyx, or bunne, or drye weed 
 
 (buniie of dry wed, ii. s. ?.)■* 
 
 Calamus, c. F. 
 Knast, or gnaste of a kandel 
 
 * It would be scarcely possible to define the garments, varied according to the fashion 
 of the day, from the Ang.-Sax. cyrtel, tunica, to the kirtle of crimson velvet provided 
 amongst the Parliament robes of Edw. VI., to which this appellation was successively 
 applied. It denoted garments worn by both sexes : R. Brunne speaks of the Empress 
 Maud as taking flight from Oxford " withouten kirtelle or kemse," p. 122; Chaucer 
 describes the " kirtell of a light waget " as part of the smart attire of Absolon, the 
 parish clerk ; Miller's T. 3322. Walter de Bruge, canon of York, bequeathed in 1396, 
 "j. gounam, cumj. curtill, el j. capucio." Test. Ebor. i. 210. The kirtle, as female 
 attire, seems to have been a close-fitting garment, as appears in the description in Sir 
 Launfal of the two " gentyll maydenes — ilasced smalle, jolyf, and welle ;" and Rob. 
 Henrysoun, f. Hen. VI. says, in the Garment of good Ladies, 
 
 " Her kirtle should be of clean Constance, 
 Lacit with lesum love." 
 
 John Payn relates in his letter to his master, John Paston, that in Cade's rebellion his 
 wife's dwelling was attacked, and the mob " lefte her no more gode but her kyrtyll 
 and her smook." Paston Lett. i. 62. As worn by men, the kirtle seems generally to 
 have been a short garment, and closely girt; but the "kirtell de rouge tarfarin," 
 which formed part of the state robes of the Knights of the Bath, was full, and long- 
 skirted. " A kyrtelle, nl/i a cote. A cote, tunica, tunicella." cath. ang. " Kyrtell, 
 a garment, corpset, surcot, cotelle." palsg. " Kyrtell, cot/ron." Boke to lerne French, 
 Pynson. Duwes, in the Introductory for to lerne French, written for the Princess 
 Mary, gives " the kyrtell, le corset ; the kyrtell, la cotteletle.'" See Strutt's Dresses, 
 ii. 238, ed. 1842 ; Donee's lUust. of Shakespeare, Hen. IV. part ii. ; and Nares. 
 
 - In the WicliflSte version this word is written " cos, cosse," Luke xxii. -18. R. 
 Brunne uses the verb " cussed ; " see also R. Glouc. p. 15. In the North it is still 
 pronounced cus, or kuss ; see Craven Dial, and Brockett. A. -Sax. cos, osculum. 
 Compare cus, p. 111. 
 
 3 " Catulus, a whelpe or a kytlynge." ortus. " A kythynge {sic), catulus, catu- 
 taster.'' cath. ang. In the earlier Wicliffite version, Deut, xxxiii. 22 is thus ren- 
 dered: "To Dan he seith, Dan, keetlyng of a lyon {catulus leonis, Vulg.) shal flowe 
 largely fro Basan." Palsgrave gives the verb to " kyttell as a catte dothe, cfiatonner, 
 Gossyppe, whan your catte kytelleth, I praye you let me haue a kytlynge {cfiatton.y 
 " C/iatonner, to kittle, or bring forth young cats. Caller, to kittle as a cat. Faire ses 
 petits, to whelp, kittle, kindle, farrow,'' &c. cotg. See Holland's Plutarch, p. 1T9 ; 
 Pliny, xxix. c. 4. Forby gives kitling, a young cat. See Ash, the Cheshire Glossary, 
 and Jamieson. 
 
 ■• This word occurs in the gloss, in the chapter on brewing by G. de Bibelesworth. 
 " Allumet amg cele lefrenote {Wkex.y Arund. MS. 220, f. 300. In the Vision of 
 P. Ploughman it is said that glowing embers serve not the workmen in a winter's night 
 so well
 
 278 PROMPTORIUAr PARVULORUM. 
 
 (knast of candelle, k.)' Emunc- 
 tura {secundum Levsay, spi- 
 mictura, s. emictura, p.) 
 
 Knatte. Culex, coMi\r. 
 Knave (or ladde, infra.y Garcio. 
 Knawyn", or gnawyn', or fowly 
 
 " As dooth a kex or a candle, 
 
 That caught hath fir and blaseth." 1 1 ,804. 
 
 In an Herbal, the date of which is perhaps contemporary with the Promptorium, it is 
 said that there are two species of hemlock, " tame and wilde. Tlie 2 spice is cowh 
 ynowli, to mykel, saf fore pore mennys eldynge, and childus pleynge ; |^ey callen it J^e 
 grete homeloc ; the stalkes stonden whit and ser euery3ere. In some centre it is called 
 kex, in some contre wodewhistel." Arund. MS. 42, f. 23. Eldynge here signifies fuel; 
 see EYLDYNGE, above, p. 136. Allusion is made to the use of the stalks of hemlock 
 instead of candles, in Turn, of Tottenham, 201 . " £r2<crt, a humlocke, orakeyclogge." 
 ORTUS. '' Keckes of humblockes, iviatt, Kickes, the drie stalke of humlockes or 
 burres, ivyav. Kixe, iviau." palsg. '' Sagaperium, a gumme or rosyn, whiche 
 runneth out of a kyxe or tree, called ferulay elyot. " Canon de su/s, a kex or 
 hollow stick, or branch of elder, or a pot-gun made thereof. Seffue, Hemlocke, hom- 
 locke, herbe Bennet, Kex." cotg. " Kecks, i. hollow stalks and sticks, cremium.'^ 
 GOUtDM. Holland, in his version of Pliny, B. xxv. c. 7, says that the stem of gentian 
 " is hollow as a kex," and void within ; and of line or flax, B. xix. c. 1 , that " the long 
 buns of the stalkes — will serve very well to maintaine fire under kills and leads." 
 Shakespeare speaks of " hateful docks, rough thistles, kecksies, burs ; " the proverbs, 
 as dry as a kex, as hollow as a gun, or as a kex, are common ; and the word is still 
 used provincially. See Brockett, Craven, Hallamshire, Salopian, Wiltshire Glossaries, 
 &c. " Kexes, kaxes, or kixes, a Fr. G. cirjue, idrumqve a Lat. acuta." skinner. 
 Bunne, given here as synonymous with kyx, is so given likewise previously, p. 5.5 ; 
 ■where bunkyyde, the reading of the MS., appears to be erroneous : the King's Coll. 
 MS. gives Bunne, kyx, but possibly a kid or faggot of buns may be intended. This 
 word occurs in the later Wicliffite version, Isai. i. 31. "And joure strengthe schal be 
 as a deed sparcle of bonys (ether of herdis of flex) ;" in another MS. " bones (eil>er of 
 herdis)," where three of the MSS. give " stobil," and the earlier Version " sparke of 
 a flax top {fav'tUa .stupcp,'''' Vulg.) Ang.-Sax. h\xx\e, fistula. 
 
 > — gnaste, or a kandel. Enamctura, ms. " Emuvgo, id est sordes avferre de naso 
 vel candeld, to snuffe. Emunctorium, a snufFynge yron." ortus. In the earlier Wic- 
 cliflSte version in the Bodl. MS. by the first hand, Isai. i. 31 is thus rendered : " And 
 30ure strengthe shal ben as a gnast of a flax top {favilla stupce, Vulg.) and joure 
 werk as a sparcle {scintilla),^' where the corrected reading of the ordinary copies, 
 instead of " gnast," is " deed sjiarke," in the later version " deed sparcle." " Lic/ii- 
 num, gnaiste or knast of a candell. JJchinvs, gnast of J'e candyl." med. " Lichinus, 
 candell weyke." ortus. In the Winch. MS. this word not only occurs in its proper 
 place, but is repeated at the end of the letter K after the word kuny, as follows : 
 " KNASTE, or gnaste off a candel. Muco. Versus; Est tiasi muco, candcle sit tihi 
 miico." This was perhaps a marginal addition, misplaced by the transcriber. Compare 
 Dan. gnist, Swed. gnista, Icel. gneisti, scintilla. 
 
 2 The term knave long retained the simple meaning of the Ang.-Sax. cnafa, puer : 
 thus, in the Wicliftite version, ^^ peperit filium mascuhim,"' Vulg. is rendered " sche 
 here a knaue child." Apoc. xii. .'). Chaucer says of Griselde, 
 
 " She a daughter hath ybore, 
 
 All had hire lever han borne a knaue child." Clerk's Tale.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 279 
 
 bytyn' (knavyn, or gnavyn, s.) 
 
 Corrodo. 
 Knavynge, or gnavyiige (^sic, s. 
 
 knawynge, k. h. p.) Corrosio. 
 Knee.' Genu. 
 Knedare of paste (or pastare, s.) 
 
 Pistor, et plura alia infra in 
 
 M. mooldare. 
 Knedyn' paste. Pinso, VG.pistrio. 
 Knedynge. Pistura. 
 KxELARE. Genicidator, genu- 
 
 flector, geniculatrix. 
 Knelyn'. Genicular, CATW. ge- 
 
 niculo, CATH. genrijlecto. 
 Knelynge. Genvjlectio, geni- 
 
 culatus. 
 Knyfe. Cultellus, culter (^cul- 
 
 trum, p.) 
 
 Knyllynge of a belle.^ Tintil- 
 lacio. 
 
 Knygmte (knyte, K. knyth, h. 
 kny3ht, s.) 3Iiles. 
 
 Knyghte awnterows (knyht 
 a-ventowrs, s.)-* Tiro, c. f. 
 et CATH. (brit. s.) 
 
 Knyghte-iioode. Milicia, ti- 
 ronia. 
 
 Knytte. Nodatus, nexus, con- 
 nexus. 
 
 Knyttyn' a knotte. Nodo,necto, 
 connecto. 
 
 Knyttyn' yn wylle, or cumnawnte 
 (knyttyn to-gedyr in wyle or 
 comnawnt, k. cvnaunt, h. co- 
 nawnt, s. couenaunt, p.)-* Fe- 
 dero, confedero. 
 
 In Arund. MS. 42, f. 26, it is said of Carduns that it is " on of J>e noblest mete ]>at is 
 for )>e matrice ; wommea desyren it, for it disposith hem to haue cnaue children.'' " A 
 knafe, hie et hec calcula, garcio.'" cath. ang. " Knaue, quocquin, tiillam." palsg. 
 
 1 Kene, MS. kne, k. s. Palsgrave gives the following curious observation, to illus- 
 trate the use of the verb to kneel : " The men of this countray knele vpon one knee 
 whan they here masse, but y*^ frenche men knele vpon bothe.'' 
 
 - In W. Thorpe's recital of his examination by Abp. Arundel, 1407, he states that 
 when cliarged with having preached heresy at St. Chad's, Shrewsbury, he made answer, 
 " As I stood there in the pulpit, busying me to teach the commandment of God, there 
 knilled a sacring bell, and tlierefore mickle people turned away hastily, and with noise 
 ran fro towards me ;" this circumstance called forth the expression which had been 
 construed into heresy. " I knoUe a belle, fe frapp e du batant." palsg. Ang. -Sax. 
 cnyllan, campand signum dare. Bp. Kennett remarks that in Yorkshire a passing 
 bell is called " a sawl-knill, from Ang. -Sax. sawl, anima, and cnyll, catnpance pul- 
 satio." Lansd. MS. 1033. 
 
 3 T)/ro is explained in the Catholicon to be novus miles, noviter electus ad tnilitiam , 
 but implied, perhaps, more properly, the novice in arms, wlio sought occasions for 
 warlike exercise at home and abroad, until his approved prowess should entitle him to 
 the honour of knighthood. See Ducange, tlie Memoirs of St. Palaye, and other writers 
 on chivalry. Scarcely any of the ancient Romances afford a more graphic and stirring 
 picture of the education and adventure of the Tyro than the life of le petit Jehan de 
 Sainlti, written about the period when the Promptorium was compiled. The practice 
 of wandering on the uncertain quest of adventure was by no means laid aside when the 
 novice had won his spurs. '' Knyght of aduentures, c/ieualier errant.'" palsg. 
 
 ■* The verb to knit is used by old writers in the sense of to unite. Thus in Sloane 
 MS. 3548, f. 99, b. is given an extraordinary nostrum " for to knyt synous )>at are 
 brokyne. Take greyte wormes Jjat are called angeltwycthys, and lat hem dry in )>e 
 sunne, and ben beyte hem to powder, and strew J'at powder in he wounde, and yt shall
 
 280 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Knyttyxge to-gedyr. Nodacio, 
 
 connodacio, connexus. 
 KxYTTYKGE, or ioj'nynge, or ra- 
 
 betynge to-gedyr of ij. bordys, 
 
 or o]jer lyke. (^Gumfus, c.f. s. 
 
 gumphus, p.) 
 (Knobbe of a mannys hande, or 
 
 in another part of liim, k. h. 
 
 knoble, s. knoUe, p.)' Callus, 
 
 C. F. CATH. 
 
 Knobbe y^l a beestys backe or 
 breste, )?at ys clepyd a gybbe 
 (knoble, s. knowe, p.) Gibber, 
 
 gibbus, CATH. 
 
 Knobbe, or knotte y(n) a tre. 
 
 Vertex, cath. {cortex, s.) 
 Knobbyd, as hondys or other 
 
 lymmys. Callosus. 
 Knobbvd, or knottyd as trees. 
 
 Vertiginosus, verticosus. 
 Knodon (knedid, k.) Pistiis. 
 Knokyl of an honde (knokil- 
 
 bone, K.) Condilus, c. f. et 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Knokylle bone of a legge. 
 
 Coxa, c. F. 
 Knokkyn' (knollyn, s.) Pulso. 
 Knoppe (or knot, k.)"^ Nodus, 
 
 fibula. 
 Knoppe, or bud of a tre (burge 
 
 of a tre, h. p.) Gemma, c. f. 
 
 (germen, s.) 
 Knotte. Nodus. 
 Knotte yn the fleshe, vndjT the 
 
 skjTine. Glandula. 
 Knotty. Nodosus. 
 Knotty, wythe-in the flesche. 
 
 Glandulosus. 
 Knowyn". Cognosce, agnosco, 
 
 noSCO, CATH. 
 
 Knowynge. Cognicio, agnicio. 
 Knowlechyn', or ben a-knowe 
 
 be constreynynge. Fateor. 
 Knowlechyn', or befi a-knowe 
 
 wylfully. Confiteor. 
 Knowlechynge, or beynge a- 
 
 knowe. Fassio, confessio. 
 Koo, bryd, or schowghe.^ 3Ione- 
 
 knytte to-geder. Probatum est sepissime.'^ Palsgrave gives the following verbs: 
 " I knytte a knotte, le none ; Knytte your purse faste, for their be shrewes a brode. I 
 knyt as a matte maker knytteth, le tys, coniugated in I wayue. I knyt bonettes or 
 hosen, /e lassc. I knyt one vp, I take hym vp, I reproue hym, le reproiiche. I knytte 
 vp a mater, I make an ende or conclusyon of a matter, le determine. I knytte vp a 
 man, I holde hym shorte, or kepe hym from his libertye, le tiens court. ^' 
 
 1 This term is used to denote in general any swelling in the flesh. Chaucer describes 
 the Sompnour's visage, from which no detergent could remove the evidences of surfeit. 
 
 " That him might helpe of his whelks white, 
 
 Ne of his knobbes silting on his chekes." Prol. v. 636. 
 
 *' Knobbe, or rysing after a stroke, bigne. Kyrnell, or knobbe in the necke, or other 
 where, fflandre.^' palsg. Andrewe Boorde, in the Breviarie of Health, 1575, gives a 
 detailed account of the kinds, cause, and cure of nodi, or " knottes, knobbes, knorres, 
 or burres, the which is in man's flesh or fatncsse ;" c. 109. 
 
 2 " A knoppe of a scho, bulla. To knoppe, buUare. A knoppe of a kne, inter- 
 nodium." cath. ang. The word knop, or knob, in its various significations, seems to 
 be derived from Ang. -Sax. cnmp,jufftim, and denotes any protuberance, as a button, a 
 bud, or the head of a sore. "Knoppe of a payre of beedes, horppe. Knoppe of a 
 cuppe, ])omeau de covuerler/ne. Knoppe wede, an herbe." palsg. 
 
 ' See the note on the word coo, above, p. 84. Ang. -Sax. ceo, comix. In the Gloss
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 281 
 
 dula, CATir, ef, c. f. et cetera 
 in C. (nodula, v.) 
 KocAY, priuy. Cloaca. 
 
 KOCATRICE. BasilisCUS, CATH. 
 
 et cetera in C. supra (^coca- 
 
 drilhts, p.) 
 KoK, biyd. Gallus. 
 KoKE, mete dytare. Cocus. 
 KoK EXEY.^ Carinuttis, coconellus, 
 
 vel cucunellus ; et hec duo no- 
 
 mina sunt ficta, et derisorie 
 
 dicta ; deJicius. 
 
 KoKEREL.- Gallulus (galliuicu- 
 
 lus, vel gallinellus, s.) 
 KoKYS cooM. Cirrus, c. f. galla, 
 
 in libro equivocorum? 
 KooTE, garment. Tunica. 
 KoTE, lytylle howse (or coote, 
 
 or cosh, supra.) Tugurrium, 
 
 (casa, p.) 
 KuKOW, bryd (kukhowbryd, K.) 
 
 Cucudis, cucula. 
 KuKSTOLE (for flyterys, or schy- 
 
 derys.)"^ Turbuscetum, cadurca. 
 
 on G. de Bibelesworth, " chomve^' is rendered "a co brid." " Koo, a byrde." 
 PALSG. In the nun's lament for her bird, killed by the cat, all the fowls are enume- 
 rated who are to be bidden to the funeral : 
 
 " the churlyssbe chowgh, 
 
 The route, and the kowgh : — 
 
 At this placebo. 
 
 We may not well forgo 
 
 The countrynge of the coe." Skelton, Philip Sparrow, 
 
 1 " Delicius, pner in deliciis matris nutritus, a cokenay. Collibista, qui recipit 
 munuscula pro nsurd et sen-icio aliqiui, et qui vendit colUbia, et dicitvr a cokenay.'' 
 MED. MS. CANT. The term seems here to signify a little cook. In the Vision of P. 
 Ploughman, line 4371, it had been supposed to have this meaning ; but Mr. Wright, 
 in his Glossary, suggests that it implies some kind of meagre food, as a small cock, 
 which, by comparison with Turnam. of Tottenham, Anc. Poet. ii. 24, and Heywood's 
 Prov. pt. i. 0. xi. seems highly probable. " Coquine, a cockney, simperdecockit, nice 
 thing." COTG. " A cockney, niais, mignot, cailhette. A waspish cockney dame, 
 ffuespine." sherw. " A cockney, or child tenderly brought up ; mammothreptns, 
 vinciolus, pedaffiiim, delitice pr/eri,'' &.c. gouldm. Tusser uses the word in this last 
 sense, as given in the Promptorium : speaking of the nursery, and defects of early 
 training, he says, in his Points of Huswifery, 
 
 *' Some cockneys, with cocking, are made very fools. 
 Fit neither for 'prentice, for plough, nor for schools." 
 
 See the note on the word coknay, p. 8G ; and Fuller's Worthies, London. 
 
 2 In the Household Book of Sir John Howard, in 1466, is the item, " for yonge 
 kokerelles to make of capons, ix.rf." •' Kockerell, cochef." palsg. 
 
 3 The treatise here cited is attributed to .Toh. de Garlandia, and has been printed. 
 MSS. of it may be found in Harl. MS. 4967, art. 18 ; Arund. MS. 52, art. 14, 
 
 4 See the note on cukstoke, p. 107, where the reading cukstolle, according to the 
 other three MSS. is probably more correct. The following observation occurs amongst 
 Bp. Kennett's Coll. Lansd. MS. 1033 : " A goging stool, a ducking stool, or cucking 
 stool, called in Domesday cathedra stercoris, properly a gonging stool, gong stool, or 
 gang stool. Sax. Jong stole, sella faviiliaris, a close stool." That such was sometimes 
 its form is proved by the engraving in Boys' Hist, of Sandwich, which exhibits the 
 cucking-stool and wooden mortar used there for the punishment of scolds ; see pp. 
 500, 785. In a satire on the evil government of the times of Edw. II. it is said, in 
 reference to the corrupt dealings of the assisours, (Polit. Songs, ed. Wright, 345,) 
 
 CAMD. SOC. 2 O
 
 282 
 
 PROMPTOUIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 KuNY, or conye of mone (mony, 
 K. keny of mony, s. kuwn, or 
 koyne of money, p.) Num- 
 isma, c. f. et cath. 
 
 (Kus, xupra in kys.) 
 
 Nota, quod nnilta vocahula vi- 
 dentu7' hie esse jionenda siib 
 literd K. in principio, ut que 
 incipiunt in Ka. Ko. et Ku. 
 que causa hrevitatis emisi ; 
 
 sed querenda sunt in C. literd, 
 vhi A. o. V. sequuntur C. im- 
 onediate. 
 
 Labbe, or he that can kepe no 
 
 counsel (that can not kepyn non 
 
 consel, K.)' Anubicus, unuhica, 
 
 CATH. futilis, CATH. et UG. in 
 
 fundo. 
 
 Labelle.2 Lahelluni. 
 
 " The pilory and the cucking-stol beth i-mad for noht." 
 It seems also to have been called tbewe, as in the Plac. in Itin. apud Cestriam, 14 
 Hen. VII. cited by Blount, it is recorded that George Grey. Earl of Kent, claimed in 
 his manors of Bushton and Ayton, to punish offenders against the assize of bread and 
 ale, " j)er tres vices per amerciamenta, et quaiin vice pisiores per pilloriain, brncia- 
 tores per tumlrellum, et rixatrices per thewe, hoc eat ponere eas svper scabellvm 
 vocalum a cucking stool." In cases where fine was substituted for the cucking-stool, 
 as a punishment, the lord became liable to the forfeiture of his manorial liberties, as in 
 the case of the Dean of Lincoln, in 1384, who fined transgressors of the assize of bread 
 and ale, in certain of his manors in Derbyshire, whereas ^'' pimieiidi sntit per ftiUormm 
 et tuiiibrellum, et non per amerciamenta ;" for that offence, antl the deficiency of pil- 
 lory and tumbrel, his liberties were seized, and forfeited into the King's hands. Pat. 8 
 Ric. II. The tumbrel seems to be occasionally mentioned as distinct from the stool, 
 and sometimes as the same mode of punishment, and from the examination of the stool 
 and its carriage still preserved at Warwick, it is obvious that the two might be used 
 either singly or together, according to local usage, and the nature of the offence. An 
 extent of the manor of Marham, in Norfolk, taken about ihe commencement of the 
 XVth cent, states that W. Beleth, who held the chief manor, claimed '■'habere liber- 
 tat em injurch\ tumhreW , thewe, emendacionem forisfacture pintorum, brasiaturum, 
 meniiur\ galone, weyf, et stray ;" and that the Abbess of Mariiam enjoyed the like 
 liberties. Orig. Roll, in the possession of Sir Thos. Hare, Bart. In the XVlth cent, 
 the punishment of the cucking stool was still fully in use : by the stat. 3 Hen. VIII. 
 c. G, as the penalty of fraudulent practices by carders or spinners of wool, the offender 
 was to be " s«tt upon the pillorie or the cukkyngstole, man or woman, as the case 
 Fhall require." Stat, of Realm, iii. 28. In Mr. Beesly's Hist, of Banbury will be 
 found several netices regarding the pillory, " kockestolj," and tumbrell, in use at that 
 place as late as the reign of Elizabeth. Harrison, who wrote his description of England 
 about 1.57;i, says in the chapter of sundry kinds cf punishments, " scolds are ducked 
 vpon cucking stooles in the water." " Cucke stole, aclie u ribanldes.^'' pajlsg. 
 
 * I/.\ULE, MS. labbe, Ji. s. p. Compare blabbe, or labbe, wreyare of cownselle ; 
 BEWRAYER of counsel, and dyscurer of cownselle. This word is used by Chaucer : 
 " Quod tho this scly man, I am no hibbe, 
 
 Ne, though I say it, I n'ani not life to gabbe." Miller's T. 3506. 
 Compare the Dutch labben , Belg. lapperen, to blab, or gossip. Labb, Dialect of Exmoor. 
 
 ' It is not obvious in what sense this word is here to be taken : the Ortus follows 
 the explanation given in the Catholicon, " labelluni, i. jiarrum labrttm, a lytellelyppe." 
 It appears from citations given by Ducange that lahpllns, lambclluis, or lailelliis, denoted 
 a pendant ornament of dress, or the heraldic label, in which sense it occurs in the grant 
 of a crest, 1324, Rym. vii. 763. See the observations of Upton on the differences of
 
 I'ROMPTORIUM I'ARVULOKUM. 
 
 283 
 
 Labowre. Labor (yellahos, s.) 
 Labowrere. Laboratory labo- 
 
 ratrix. 
 Laboryn'. Laboro. 
 Lace. Fibula, laqueum, Dice. 
 
 {laquear, k.) 
 Lace of an howserofe.' Laqiie- 
 
 area, comm. 
 Lacyd. Laqueatus,Jibiilatus., c.f. 
 Lacyn, or spere wythe a lace, 
 
 Fibulo. 
 Lacynge. Laqueacio, fibulacio. 
 Ladde, or knave. Garcia. 
 Ladde, thwong-e (thounge, k. 
 
 thang, s.) Ligula. 
 Laddyd. Ligulatus. 
 Lady. Domina, Hera. 
 
 Ladylle, pot spone. Concus, 
 
 Dice, cocleur, necc. 
 Ladyn', wythe byrdenys. Onus- 
 
 tus, oneratus. 
 Ladyn', or chargyn' wythe bur- 
 
 denys. Onero, surcino, UG. in 
 
 sarcos. 
 Ladyn', or lay water (say water, 
 
 s. lauyn water, p.)- Vatilo. 
 Laggyd, or bedrabelyd (or be- 
 
 laggyd, supra.^ Labefaclus, 
 
 paludosus., CATH. 
 Laggyn', or drablyii'."^ Palustro 
 
 {labefacio, P.) 
 Latche, or snekke (lahche, k. 
 
 lach, s.)** Clitoriurn, vel pes- 
 
 sufa, necc. (^pesnulum, kyl w. s.) 
 
 arms termed by him /fw^wte, or lalellce ; Mil. Off. iv. p. 255. Fortescue describes 
 the habit of the Serjeant-at-law as consisting of " roba longa, ad instar sacerdutis, mm 
 capitio penulato circa humeros ejus ; et desuper coUobio, cum duobus labelhdis, qualen 
 uti Solent doctores legum in Universitatibus qnibusdam.'' Laud. Legum Angl. V. 51. 
 This hood with labells, as it is called by Dugdale, appears in illuminations copied from 
 Roy. MS. 19 C. IV. and Harl. MS. 4379, in Strutt's Dresses, ii. pi. 80, 112; and ia 
 the latter, the hood being brought up over the head, the use of tlie labels, which are 
 attached together under the chin, is apparent. There was also a furred hood with long 
 labels, worn by ecclesiastics, representations of which are supplied by the Missal of 
 Philippe le Bon, Harl. MS. 2897, the figure of Will, de Rothwell, Archdeacon of 
 Essex, who died 1361, given by Messrs. Waller, in their beautiful series of Sepulchral 
 Brasses, and other examples. Horman says, in the chapter " De fortund iiafd/' 
 of misfortunes and perils, f. 129, " I wyll recompense the with a labell, reponam 
 appendice quddam;" and Palsgrave gives "labell, /lovppe.^' " Hot/ppe, a tuft, or 
 topping; a tassell or pretty lock. Z/awzfieaM, a labell." cotg. "A labell hanging on 
 each side of a miter, iiifula. Labelles hanging down on garlands, or crownes, letnnisci.'^ 
 
 HULOET. 
 
 ' In the Ortus laquear, laqtieare, and laquearium are explained as signifying " Con- 
 junclio trabium in summitate doimts, a seelynge of a howse." 
 
 - " I laade water with a scoup, or any other thyng out of a dytche or pytte, le 
 pinjse de Veave. I lade, I take in water, as a shyp or bote that is nat staunched, le 
 boy de I'caue.''' palsg. Tiiis verb is used by Siiakespeare, Hen. VI. pt. 3, Act ii. 
 In Sussex and Hants, to lade means to take water from a vessel or pond by a scoop 
 or pail, and in Somersetshire the utensil employed for this purpose is termed a lade- 
 pail. Ang.-Sax. hladan, haurire. 
 
 3 Compare be-laggyd. Ang.-Sax. laju, aqua. Ilorman says, " there is rysea a 
 fray amonge the water-laggers, amphorarios." In the Northumberland Household 
 Book, 1511, it appears that the " laggs " of wine, when the cask ran low, were to be 
 made into vinegar. See Jamieson, v. Laggerit. 
 
 4 Compare clykett, clitorium ; and snekke. " Lache, or snecke of a dore, lorquel.
 
 284 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Latch ESSE, or tarryynge (lahches, 
 or teryinge, K. lahchesse, s. 
 latche, p.)^ 3Iora, tarditas. 
 
 Laciiet of a schoo. Tenea, VG. 
 V. in T. 
 
 Latchyd, or speryd wj'the a leche 
 (^sic, lahche, k. s. sperd with a 
 laspe or latch, h.) Pessulatus. 
 
 Latchyd, or fangyd, or hynt, 
 or cawjt (lahchid, or takyn, k. 
 
 fangyd with handes, or other 
 
 lyke, p.) Arreptus, c. f. 
 Latchyn', idem quod fangyn, 
 
 supra in F.- 
 Latchyn, or snekkyn. Pessulo. 
 Latchynge, or sperynge wythe a 
 
 lacche. Clitura, pessulatus. 
 Lay harpe.3 Sambuca, kylvv. 
 
 (^cithera, si/mpho7iia, melos, s.) 
 Laykyn', orthynge )jat chyldryii* 
 
 Latche of a dore, clicquette, locquet. Sneke latche, locquef, clicquette. I latcbe a 
 doore, I shytte it by the latche, le ferme a la clicquette." palsg. 
 
 ' In tlie Vision of P. Ploughman this word signifies negligence, Fr. lachesse. 
 
 " The lord, of hus lacchese, and hus luther sleuthe, 
 By nom hym al that he hadde." 
 
 See also line 4.9T3. Chaucer says in the Persone's Tale, " Then cometh lachesse, that 
 is, he that whan he beginneth any good werk, anon he wol forlete and stint it ;'' and 
 uses the adjective " lache," sluggish or dull ; Boec. B. iv. Gower observes that the 
 first and chief point of sloth is " lachesse,'' which has this property, to leave all things 
 in arrear. Conf. Am. B. IV. See Jamieson, v. Lasche. Palsgrave gives the verb " I 
 latche, I lagge, I tary behynde my company, le tarde, and le tarye." 
 
 - To latch, signifyins; to seize or catch, is a verb the use of which occurs in R. Brunne, 
 p. 120 ; the Vision of P. Ploughm. 1279 ; Crede, 934 ; Cov. Myst. p. 29, &c. Chaucer 
 speaks of a " nette or latch," set by Love to snare birds. In Will, and the Werwolf it is 
 used in tiie sense of embracing : 
 
 " Certes Sire Jjat is soh, sede Will'm hanne. 
 
 And lepes li3tli him to, and lacches him in armes." p. 1G3. 
 
 See also p. 25. In Arund. MS. 42, f. 17, b. it is related how the wood of aloes is 
 obtained, which grows on the mountain tops, near a lake beyond Babylon, and falling 
 into the water, either from age and decay, or blown by the wind, the " folk bat dwellen 
 in \>aX countre, or nere, casten nettys, or ol^er sleyjtes, and lacchyn it, and so it is had." 
 Palsgrave gives the verb " I latche, I catche a thyng that is thro wen to me in my handes, 
 or it fall to the grounde, le happe. If I had latched the potte betyme, it had nat fallen to 
 the grounde." Forby gives to latch as used in Norfolk in this sense ; and Brockett 
 states that it is still retained in the Northern dialect. Ang.-Sax. \?eccSi'a, prchendere. 
 
 ^ CH/iara is rendered, in the Medulla, " a harpe,'' in the Ortus " a lewte ; " and in 
 the latter occurs " cithnriso, to synge with a harpe." Lay harpe seems here to 
 denote the instrument in its use as an accompaniment to the voice. Tlius Chaucer says, 
 
 " Thise old gentil Britons in hir dayes 
 Of diners auentures maden layes, 
 Rimeyed in hire firste Breton tonge 
 Which layes with her i'-.strumentys they songe." Cant. T. 11,022, 
 
 See Tyrwhitt's observations on the derivation of the word lay. Ang.-Sax. ley, canticum. 
 As, however, sambuca is defined by Pupias, and other glossarists, to have the sense of 
 *■' rithara rttntica," lay harp may, possibly, imply the instrument used by the vulvar. 
 The instrument called symphonia, according to Uguitio, was a tamburine.
 
 PROMPTOKIUM PARVULORUM. 285 
 
 pley wytheJ Ludibile, ug. lu- 
 
 dibidum, adluricum, vein adri 
 
 vel adros. 
 Lay, londe not telyd.^ Suhce- 
 
 tinum, c. f. (suhsennnm, kylw. 
 
 s.) 
 Lay, man or woman, no clerke. 
 
 Illiteratus, Icdcus, agramatus, 
 
 c. F. 
 'LAK,or die^diwte. Defectus,dpfeccio. 
 Lake, or stondynge watur. Lacus, 
 
 C. F. et CATH. 
 
 Lakkyn', or blamyfi' (dyspresyn, 
 s.)^ Vitupero, culpa. 
 
 ' Laking, signifying a child's toy, is a word still used in the North, as Brockett 
 observes. In the Towneley Myst. Mak tells the shepherds that his wife brings him 
 every year " a lakan," and some years twins. The verb to liyke, Ang.-Sax. lacan, 
 ludere, and the substantive layke, disport, occur frequently in the old writers. See Sir F. 
 Madden's Glossaries to Will, and the Werwolf, and Gawayn ; Seuyn Sages, 3310; 
 Minot, p. 10 ; Vision of P. Ploughm. line 341 ; Townel. Myst. pp. 96', 102, 141. The 
 local use of the verb is noticed in the Cheshire and Craven Glossaries, as likewise by 
 Brockett. Skinner remarks that it is commonly heard throughout the North, a cir- 
 cumstance which he is disposed to attribute to the Danish occupation. Dan. leeger, 
 ludo. Bp. Kennett gives '' Leikin, a sweet-heart, Northumb. ab A. -Sax. lician, 
 placere.'' Lansd. MS. 1033. 
 
 ^ The Gloss on G. de Bibelesworth gives " ierre frecke, leylond ;'' in the MS. in 
 Sir Thos. Phillipps' collection, " ley3e." " Rns, a leylonde. Ruricola, a tyleare of 
 leylonde." MED. MS. CANT. " iSe/io, a lee lande." ortus. " iVoi'a/e, falowe. Sellio, 
 Anffliceleye." harl. ms. 1002, f. 148. "A leylande, selio, frisca terra. Ley, is- 
 calidus, isqualidus." oath. ang. " Jscolidus, a felde untylde." med. " Lay lande, 
 terre nomiellement labovree." palsg. " Rudetum, lande which hath leyen leye, and is 
 newly put in tylthe.'' elyot. In the poem entitled the Hunttyng of the Hare, it is 
 related how the hare escaped, " and fey r toke up a falow ley," no more to be seen 
 by her pursuers. Ed. Weber, 152. Lay-land, according to Bailey, is fallow or un- 
 ploughed land, and there are many places which have thence derived the name. Ang.- 
 Sax. ley, terra inculta, novate. Forby observes that in central Suffolk a coarse old 
 pasture is called a lay. Compare somyr laylond. Novate. 
 
 3 Compare dyspreysyn', or lackyn'. " F^i7(/;je;j«w, blame or lacke." ort. Tolakk, 
 depravare, ice ubi to blame." oath, ang. In the Vision of P. Ploughman, Envy says 
 that when his neighbour met with a customer, whilst he sold nothing, he was ever ready 
 
 " To lye and to loure on my neghebore, 
 And to lakkehis chaffare." 2736. 
 
 Chaucer uses the word precisely in the same sense, in Rom. of Rose. Fabyan, in 
 " Lenuoy " of his viith part, excuses himself as unable to adapt his Chronicle to the 
 liking of every reader, 
 
 " And specyally to suche as haue theyr delyghtynge 
 Euer wyth dysclaunder moste wryters to lacke, 
 And barke whyle they maye, to sette good wryters a backe." 
 
 " I lacke a thynge, I fynde faute at it, le trouue a redire. I lacke, I wante a thynge, 
 I'ay fautte. I lacke a penne." palsg. Compare Dutch laecken, miiiuere, deterere. 
 Lydgateuses the substantive lack in the sense of dispraise. See his poem to put in re- 
 membrance of virtue and vice, of the diligent and the indolent. (Minor Poems, p. 84.) 
 
 " Of whiche the reporte of both is thus reserved. 
 With lawdc, or lack, liche as they haue deserved."
 
 286 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Lam, or loom, yonge scheep. 
 
 Agnus. 
 Lame.' Clandus. 
 Lamyn, oi" make lame. Acclcni- 
 
 dico (claudico, K.) 
 Lammesse.2 Festum agnorum, 
 
 vel Festum ad v'mcula Sancti 
 
 Petri. 
 Lane. Lanella, viculus (venella, 
 
 K. s.) 
 Lanere.-* Ligula, UG. m tigo. 
 
 Langage, or langwage. Idioma, 
 
 lingua. 
 Langdebefe, herbo. Buglossa, 
 
 cath. lingua hovis. 
 Langelyd, or teyyn' to-gedyr. 
 
 CoUigatus. 
 Langelyn, or byynd to-geder."* 
 
 Colligo (^compedio, p.) 
 Languryn' yn sekenesse (lan- 
 
 geryn, k.)-'' Langueo. 
 LANRET,hauke.7«rc?a}7'M*, KYLW. 
 
 ' Lame was formerly used in a more general sense than at present. In the Golden 
 Legend it is related that a poor man came to St. Loye, " that hadde his honde styffe, 
 and lame." " Lame of onehande, manchet. Lame of all ones lymmes, ^erc/w*. Lame- 
 nesse, mehaygnete.^' palsg. Ang.-Sax. lam, clandus. 
 
 2 On the calends, or first of August, the festival of St. Peter ad vincula, it was cus- 
 tomary in Anglo-Saxon times to make a votive offering of the first-fruits of the harvest, 
 and thence the feast was termed hlaf-msesse, Lammas, from hlaf, panis, and msesse, 
 missa, festum. In the Sarum Manual it is called Benedictio novorum fructuum. 
 " Lammas, a feest, la Sainct Pierre aux lie?ts." palsg. See Brand's Popular An- 
 tiquities. 
 
 3 Compare thownge, or lanere. " Liyula, a laynere, et fascia. Corrigia, a thong 
 of lethur, or a layner." med. "Ligula, a leynerde." Vocab. Harl. MS. 1002. "A 
 lander, ligula, ligar. To ]an^e.re, ligulare." cath. ang. " Lanyer of lether, /fl5?»'e'e." 
 PALSG. " ifln^cre, a long and narrow band, or thong of leather." cotg. Magister 
 Joh. de Garlandiii, speaking in his Dictionary of the trades of Paris in the Xlllth 
 cent, says that the Merchants who dwelt on the great bridge sold " capistra, eC lom- 
 baria, vel lombanaria, lignlas el marsupia de corio porcino vel cervino; " where the 
 gloss is as follows : " lignlce, lanieres, velformechaz.^' In the accounts of Luc is le 
 Borgne, tailor of Philippe de Valois, printed by Leber, is the item, in 13.38, " ij . livres 
 de soie de plusieurs couleuTS, pour f aire lanieres pour le Roy." Charles VI. in 1398, 
 in consequence of a change in the fashion of nether garments, granted licence to the 
 chausettiers of Paris to sell " chausses garnies d'aiguilettes on lanieres.^' Leber, Invent. 
 467. Laniers, usually called points, from the tags with which they were tipped, were 
 much used in ordinary dress, and for attaching the various portions of armour : when 
 so employed they were termed arming points. Archseol. xvii. 2f)6. In Chaucer's bril- 
 liant picture of the preparations for a tournament, the following duties appear to have 
 pertained to the esquires : 
 
 " Nailing the speares, and helmes bokeling, 
 
 Gigging of shields, with laniers lacing." Knight's Tale. 
 
 In Norfolk the lash of a whip is called the lanner, or lanyer, which in Suffolk denotes 
 only the leathern lash. See Forby, and Moore, v. Lanna. 
 
 ■* In tlie North to langel signifies to hopple, or fasten the legs with a tliong. " Lanyels, 
 side-lanycls, hopples for horses. Yorksh. Dial. p. 44." Bp. Kennett, Lansd. MS. 1033. 
 See Grose, Craven Dialect, and Jamieson. To langle, in Norfolk, irajjlies to saunter 
 slowly, as if it were difficult to advance one foot before the other. 
 
 '' Sesekenesse, ms. II. Brunne says that Adelard, King of Wessex, abdicated in
 
 I'KOMPTOUIUM PARVULORUM. 287 
 
 Lanterne. Lanterna, vel la- 
 
 tei'na, Jncerna. 
 Lappe, skyrte (lappe, barme, K.)' 
 
 Gtemium {birrus, c. F. s.) 
 (Lappe of the ere, infra in 
 
 TYPPE. Pinnula, c. f.) 
 
 Lappyn', or whappyn' yn clo])ys 
 (happyn to-gedyr, s. wrap to- 
 geder in clothes;, p.)^ Involvo. 
 
 Lappyn', as howndys. Lambo. 
 
 Lappynge of howndys. Lambitus. 
 
 (Lappynge, infra mwAPPYNGE.) 
 
 favour of Uttred his cousin, " and died in langoure ;" p. 6". Chaucer speaks of Damiaa 
 as one that " langureth for loue." Merch. Tale, 9741. Fr. langourir, roquef. 
 
 ' The word lap, according to many ancient writers, signified the skirt of a garment. 
 Thus G. de Bibelesworth says, 
 
 " Car par deuant avez eskours (lappes,) 
 Et d'en coste sont vos girouns (sidgoren.)'' 
 
 It denoted likewise the hinder skirt, as in Seuyn Sages, 899, where the herdsman is 
 described as picking liaws, and filling with them first his " barm," and afterwards " his 
 other lappe." In Emare also, v. 652, Egarye, being cruelly exjjosed with her child, 
 conceals her face "with the hynther lappes" of her large and wide surcote. See 
 moreover Amis and Aniiloun, 988; Chaucer, Clerk's Tale, 8461. In the Life of St. 
 Dominic, in the Golden Legend, it is related that on a certain occasion, when the friars 
 had little bread, there came two young men, " whiche entred into the refectorye or 
 fraytour, and the lappes of theyr niantells y' henge on theyr necke were full of breed," 
 which they gave to the Saint. " Lappe, or skyrt, jryro?*." palsg. " Gaiew?/*, a garment 
 with two lappes, wherof the one cast backward," &c. elyot. Ang.-Sas. lA^^a., fimbria. 
 The word is also used, by analogy, to denote the lower part of the ear : " A lappe of y= 
 ere, cartilagia, legia.^' cath. ang. Horman says that " yf the lappe of the eare wax 
 redde, there is somewhat amysse. Labo rubesce7ite aliquod peccatum est." 
 
 ^ " Piico, to folde, or lappe. Volvo, to turne or lappe." med. " Obvolvo, to lappe 
 about. luvolutus, i. circumdatus, lapped or wrapped. Involutio, a lappynge in. 
 Epiphio, i. equum totaliter ornare, lappynge of a horse." ortus. " To lap])e, volvere, 
 convolvere. To lapp in, intricare, involvere. A lappynge in,'' &c. cath. ang. This 
 verb is used most commonly in the sense of wrapping, as a garment. See Cheuelere 
 Assigne, p. 101; Wicl. Version, Math, xxvii. 59; Gower, Conf. Am.; Cov. Myst. 
 p. 125. In the Wicliffite version it is written repeatedly " wlappe,"as in Isai. xsxvii. 1, 
 "Whanne Kyng Ezechie hadde herd, he to rent hise cloMs, and he was wlappid in a 
 sak {obvolutus eat sacco," Vulg.) See also Job, iii. 5. ; Mark, xv. 46. John Paston 
 writes to his wife, about 1490, for a plaster of her "fios unguentorum," to be applied 
 to the knee of the Attorney-general, to whom he was under obligation; and bids her 
 write " whethyr he must lape eny more clothys aboute the playster to kepe it warme, 
 or nought," Paston Letters, V. 340. To bi-lappe signifies to surround, or close in. Sir 
 Amiloun in a dream saw his brother Amis " bilappid among his fon " Amis and Amil. 
 1014. Hampole uses the compounded word " umbilupe " (.\ng.-Sax. umbe, ymb, 
 circvm), as in the Prick of Conscience, where he says amongst the pains of hell, that 
 the " vermyne salle vnibelape haim all abowte." Harl. MS. 69-3, f. 94. Latimer, in 
 his Vth sermon on the Lord's Prayer, says, "Note here that our Saviour biddeth us to 
 say, us ; this us lappeth in all other n\en with my prayer." Palsgrave gives the fol- 
 lowing phrases : " Lappe this chylde well, for the weather is colde, enuelopez bien, &c. 
 Lappe this hoode aboute your head, affable: votis de ce cAaperon." " Plisser, to plait, 
 fould, lap up, or one within another, whence also to plash." ootg. To lap is still 
 used in the sense of wrapping, in Warwickshire. Compare wappox, or hyllyii wythe 
 clothys : Tego ; and wappyn, or wyndyn a-bowte yn clothys : Involvo.
 
 288 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULOnUM. 
 
 Lapwynke, or wype, byrde (lappe- 
 
 wynge, k. lapwhyng, s.) t/pipa. 
 Larde of flesche. Larda, vel 
 
 lardum, c. F. 
 Laardere. Lardarium. 
 Laardyd. Lardatus. 
 Lardyn flesche, or other lyke. 
 
 Lardo- 
 Laardynge. Lardacio. 
 Large, hey, longe, and semely. 
 
 Procerus., cath. 
 Large. Largus, amplus. 
 Largyn, or make large. Amplio, 
 
 AmpUJico. 
 Largely. Largiter. 
 Largenesse. Largitas. 
 Larke, byrde. Alauda. 
 Lasche, stroke. Ligula (fici- 
 
 grum, P.) 
 Lasche, or to fresche, and vn- 
 
 savery (laysch, h.)^ Vapid us, 
 
 CATH. insipidus. 
 Lasschyn' (lashyn, supra in 
 
 betyn, k.) Ligulo, verbero. 
 
 Laschynge, or betynge. Verier 
 
 (verheracio, p.) 
 LASTEofalle. Ultimus, novissi- 
 
 mus, postremus, extremns. 
 Laste, save one. PenuUimus. 
 Late, not redyly. Tarde. 
 Late, tyme passyd. JVttper. 
 Late frute. Sirotinus. 
 (Laten, or laton, metall, p. Au- 
 
 ricalcum, electrum.^ 
 Latenere, or latennare (latonere, 
 
 s.) Erarius, cath. aurical- 
 
 caritis. 
 (Lathe, sup>ra in berne.)^ 
 Lathe, for howsys (latthe, k. p. 
 
 laththe for howsynge, s.) Tig- 
 
 nus, vel tignum, com.m. c. f. 
 
 lafha, KYLW. et necc, tigilhim, 
 
 c. F. et necc. 
 Latthyn.^ Latho, kylw. 
 Laatyn', wenyn', or deniyn'."* 
 
 Puto, reor, opinor (reputo, p.) 
 Laatyn to ferme (or ferinyn, p.) 
 
 Loco, c. F. 
 
 ' Lash, or lashy, signifies in Norfolk soft and watery, as applied to fruits. Forby 
 derives the word from Fr, Idche. A lash egg is an egg without a fully-formed shell. 
 Palsgrave gives only " lashe, nat fast, lache. Lasshnesse, laxchete.'^ In the North 
 cold and moist weather, when it does not actually rain, is called lasche. Brockett. 
 
 ■■2 " Horreum est locus ubi reponitur annona, a barne, a lathe. Grangia, lathe or 
 grange." ortus. " Orretim, granar'ium, lathe." Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. 
 " A. Isithe, a pot heca, horreum. '' oath. ang. This word is used by Chaucer, Reve's 
 Tale, 408G. Harrison, speaking of the partition of England into shires and lathes, 
 says, " Some as it were roming or rouing at the name Lath, do sale that it is derived 
 of a barn, which is called in Old English a lath, as they coniecture. From which 
 speech in like sort some deriue the word Laistow, as if it should be trulie written 
 Lathstow, a place wherein to laie vp or laie on things." Descr. of Eng. Ilolinsh. Chron. 
 i. 1.5.'J. Skinner gives Lath as most commonly used in Lincolnshire, and derives it 
 from to lade, because it is loaded with the fruits of the earth. Bp. Kennett notices it 
 also as a Lincolnshire word, and gives the derivation Ang. -Sax. t;elaiSian, congrer/are 
 fruges. Lansd. MS. 1033. It is retained in the dialect of the North. See Hallamshire 
 Glossary. 
 
 3 Latchyn, MS. This verb occurs after late blod; and is not found in the other MSS. 
 
 ■» The verb to lete of, signifying to take account of or esteem, is used by R. Brunne, 
 as in the phrases, " l>er of wel he lete — hci lete of him so lite." Langt. Chron. p. 
 45. In the Vision of P. Ploughm. to lete occurs repeatedly in the same sense, as in
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 289 
 
 Laatyn' huly (latjTi haly, k. h. 
 
 s.p. or asemys, h.p.)' Indignor, 
 
 dedignor. 
 L A T Y n', or levy n (leuyn or letyn, p.) 
 
 Dimitto, relinquo, derelinquo. 
 (Latyn, or demyn in word, or 
 
 hert, s. Arbitror, reor.) 
 Latynt, or sufferyii a thynge to 
 
 been (to be doon', s.) Permitto. 
 Late blod. Fleohotomo, ug. et 
 
 KY1.W. Jlegbotomo, kylw. 
 Latyne (spech, s.) Latinum 
 
 (^Romanum, p.) 
 
 Latonere, or he )jat vsythe 
 
 Latyn' speche (Latonyster, or he 
 
 J)at spekyj) Latyn, s.)^ Latiniita. 
 Laton', metal (laten or laton me- 
 
 tall, p.y Auricalcum, ug. in 
 
 aer, electrum, c. F. 
 Lawe. Jus, lex. 
 Lawe brekare. Legirumpus. 
 Law of Godde. Phas, unde 
 
 versus; Phas lex divina, jus 
 
 est humana potestas, 
 Lawfulle, Legitimus, juri- 
 
 dicus, legalis. 
 
 the line " all that men saine, he lete it soth." See also v. 4132, 9595, &c. Jamieson, 
 under the word Lat, has cited several passages where it is used by the poets of the 
 North. Kng.Sa.x.\?e\.diii,putare,admittere. Compare the provincial use of the verb 
 to lete, or leeten, to pretend or make a show of, given by Junius and Mr. Wilbraham 
 as retained in Cheshire. See also Jamieson, v. Lait and Leet. 
 
 1 Compare haly, or behatyd, Exosus. " Huly, peevish, fretfull. When a man is 
 not easily pleased, or seems captious and froward, he is said to be huly, and a huly 
 man ; Dunebn." Bp. Kennett, Lansd. MS. 1033. 
 
 ' Selden remarks that acquaintance with the Latin tongue was considered such an 
 attainment that Laiinista, Latinator, or Latinarius, became significant of an interpreter 
 in general. Hugo Latinarius is mentioned in Domesday. Latinier, as Roquefort ex- 
 plains it, signified commonly an interpreter, truchement , or dragoman. He cites the 
 Roman de Garin, where mention occurs of a Latinier, whose attainments extended to 
 speaking " Roman, Englois, Gallois, et Breton, et Norman.^' Sir John Maundevile, 
 speaking of the routes to the Holy Land, says of the one by way of Babylon, " And alle 
 weys fynden men Latyneres to go with hem in the contrees and ferthere be5onde, in to 
 tyme that men conne the langage." Voiage, p. 71. In R. Coer de Lion, 24T3, 2491, 
 K. Alis. 7089, the words latymer, latimeris, as printed by Weber, have the same sense. 
 
 3 Latten, a hard mixed metal much resembling brass, was largely used in former 
 times, especially in the formation of sepulchral memorials. The precise nature of its 
 composition does not appear to have been accurately ascertained. It is repeatedly 
 mentioned as a metal of a bright and golden colour ; Chaucer uses the comparison that 
 Phoebus " hewed like latoun." Gower speaks of it as distinct from brass, as it seems 
 properly to have been, although occasionally confounded therewith, and even with 
 copper. ^' Auricalcvm, i. /ex aitri, \a.ten or coper." ortus. ** Auricalcum, Anglice 
 goldefome; Electrinum, latyne." Harl. MS. 1002, f. 149. "Latyn metall, latn." 
 PALSG. Latten was probably obtained from Germany. In the covenants for the work- 
 manship of the effigy of Richard Beauchamp. 1454, by Thos. Stevyns, copper-smith of 
 London, the metal is described as " latten," or " CuUen plate," (Cologne ?) the value 
 of which was lorf. a pound. The remote derivation of the word is very obscure: it 
 was probably adopted in England from the German Letton, or French laiton. Compare 
 Dutch lattoen, Isl. laatun, Ital. ottone, lattone, Span, alaton, laton. Plate tin had also 
 the appellation latten. See Forby and IBrockett, and the remarks of Nares and Jamieson. 
 
 camd. soc. 2 p
 
 290 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Lavendere, herbe. Lavendula. 
 (Lauender, wassher, p. or lasvn- 
 
 dere, infra} Lotrix.^ 
 Lawere, or lawjer. Legista, 
 
 jurista, legisperitus, jurispe- 
 
 ritus, scriba. 
 Lawhyn' (lawyn, k. laughen, p.) 
 
 Hideo. 
 Lawhyn to skorne (lawyn, k. 
 
 lawghen, p.) Derideo, irrideo. 
 LAWGHYNGE(lawhinge, K.^Risus. 
 Lawmpe. Lampas {lampada, p.) 
 
 Lawmpe of glas. Ticendulu'm,c.F. 
 
 Lawmpery. Murena, lampreda. 
 
 Lawmperowne (lamprun, p.) 
 Lampredula, murenula. 
 
 Lawncegay.2 Lancea. 
 
 Lawncent, or blode yrjme (lawn- 
 set, K. lawncot, s.) Lanceola, c. f. 
 
 LAWNCHE,o(r) skyppe. Saltus, vg. 
 
 Lawnchyn, or skyppyn ouer a 
 dyke, or o)>er thyngys lyke (ouer 
 a dyche, p.)^ Perconto,persalto. 
 
 Lawncyn, or stjTige wythe a 
 
 1 This term is used by Chaucer, Legend of Good Women, Prol. 358, and is taken 
 from the French. " Lau(e)ndre, a wassher, lauendiere. Laundre that wassheth clothes," 
 id. PALSG. " Candidaria, lotrix pannorum, a wasshere, and alavyndere." med. " ^/. 
 batrix, candidaria, blecherre, or lawnderre." Vocab. Harl. MS. 1687. "A lawnder, 
 candidaria, lotrix.^' oath. ang. Caxton says, in the Boke for Travellers, " Beatrice 
 the lauendre shall come hethir after diner, so gyue her the lynnen clothis.'' W.Thomas, 
 in his Rules of Ital. Grammar, gives " lauandaia, a launder that wassheth cloathes." 
 See Jamieson, v. Layndar. 
 
 - The precise nature of this weapon, as likewise the etymology of its name, is still 
 questionable ; it was probably adopted in this country from the French, but the deri- 
 vation from the name of an Eastern or Moorish weapon, called zagaye, arzegaxje, or 
 ussagay, seems more reasonable than that which has been proposed, lance aigiie. That 
 it was a missile weapon is apparent from Guill. de St. Andr^, who wrote about the 
 middle of XlVth cent, and speaks of throwing " dardes, javelots, lances-gayes ;'" but 
 Guiart seems to mention the " archegaie " as a thrusting weapon, rather than a mis- 
 sile. Carr6 gives a comparison of the Lance-guaye, or archegaye, of the Franks, with 
 the Oriental zagaye, and considers them as missiles. Armes des Fran^ais, p. 198. From 
 " the Rime of Sire Thopas," which describes him as going forth to ride with " alaunce- 
 gay " in his hand and long sword at his side, it appears to have been a weapon carried 
 for occasional defence, rather than a proper part of equipment for war or the tourna- 
 ment." Cant. T. 13,6"82. The stat. 7 Ric. III. c. 13, confirming the stat. of North- 
 ampton, 2 Edw. III. c. 3, against riding, or appearing in public assemblies, with force 
 and arms, ordains " (je desoremes nulle homme chivache deinz el Roialme armez — ne 
 ovesque lancegay deinz mesme de Roialme; les qiieux lanceyayes soient de tout oustez 
 deinz le dit Roialme, come chose defendue par nostre seigiteur le Roi, sur peine de 
 fnrfaiture dicelx lancegaies, armures, et autres herneys rjuelconqes.'" Compare stat. 20 
 Ric. II. 0. 1 ; Stat, of Realm, ii. 35, 92. In the Rolls of Pari. V. 212, there is a 
 petition for vengeance by the widow of a person who had been murdered in 1450 by 
 a gang of men " arraied in fourme of werre, with jakkes, salettez, longe swerdes, long- 
 debeofs, boresperes, and other unmerciable forbodon wepons," one of whom "smote 
 him with a launcegay thorough the the body, a fote and more." In 1459 there were 
 found in the Great Hall of .Sir John Fastolfe, at Caistor, Norfolk, cross-bows, a boar- 
 spear, a target, "xxj.speris: Item, j. launcegay." Archseol. xxi. 272. "Launcegay, 
 iaueleyne.'^ palsg. 
 
 •' I'erconito, ms. perconfo, p. ; a verb apparently derived from conttis, a pole. " To 
 launch, to take long strides. That long-legg'd fellow comes launching along." fordy.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PAUVULORUM. 
 
 291 
 
 spere, or blode yryne (lawnchyn, 
 
 K. s.) Lanceo. 
 (I^AUXDE clothe, p.) 
 Lavvnde of a wode.' Saltus, UG. 
 
 in salio. 
 Lawnde kepare. Salator, kylw. 
 Lavowre (lawowre, k. lavre, h. 
 
 lawere, s.) Lavatorium. 
 La(u)ryol, herbe (lawryal, K. 
 
 lawryol, s.) Laureola. 
 
 Lawndere (or lavondyre, K. la- 
 
 vunder, ii.) Lotor, lotvLv. 
 Lee of threde.- Ligatura. 
 Labbarde (lebbard, k. s. p.) 
 
 Leopardus. 
 Leece, or lees, of howndys."* Laxa, 
 
 KYLW. veltrea. 
 Leche, uiann or woman.^ Medicus, 
 
 medica. 
 Leche, wy(r)m of ])e watur 
 
 ' Camden, in his Remains, explains laund as signifying a plain among trees. Thus 
 in the account of the hunting expedition, Ipomydon, 383, the Queen's pavillion was 
 pitched at a "laund on hight," whence she might command a view of all the game of 
 the forest. Compare Vision of P. Ploughm. 5028, 10,248 ; Chaucer, Compl. of Black 
 Knyght ; Shakespeare, Hen. VI. pt. i. III. 1. In Cullum's Hawsted a rental dated 
 1509 makes mention of " 9 acres in campo vocato le lawnde." " Indago, a parke, a 
 huntyng place, or a lawnde." ortus. " A lawnde, saltus.^' cath. ang. " Launde 
 a playne, launde.''' palsg. '■^ Lama, a launde or playne. Landa, id." W.Thomas, 
 Ital. Gr. " Lande, a land or launde, a wild untilled shrubbie or bushy plaine." cotg. 
 
 2 Compare LEGGE. Forty threads of hemp-yarn are termed in Norfolk a lea. The 
 "lea "by which linen yarn was estimated at Kidderminster, contained 200 threads. Stat. 
 22 and 23 Car. II. c. 8. 
 
 3 " A lese, laxa.^' cath. ang. " Lesshe for a grehounde, lais, lesse.^^ palsg. In 
 the note on the word fute, p. 133, it was suggested that the term feuterer might thence 
 be derived ; Sir F. Madden likewise, in his Glossary to Gawayn, had explained 
 " Vewter," Gawayn and Grene Kny3t, 1 146, as denoting the huntsman who tracked the 
 deer by the fewte or odour. It seems probable, however, that the derivation given by 
 Blount, Bp. Kennett, and other glossarists, is more correct. The Gaulish hounds, of 
 which Martial and Ovid speak, termed vertagi, or veltres, appear to have been grey- 
 hounds, and hence the appellations veltro, Ital. viautre, vaultre, Fr. Welter, Germ. 
 The Promptorium gives grehownde, veltres, p. 209 ; and from the practice of leading 
 these dogs in couples, the leash appears to have received the name veltrea, here given, 
 a word unnoticed by Ducange. The " ministerium de Veltrarid " is mentioned in 
 Rot. Pip. 5 Steph. In the Household Constitutions of Hen. II. Liber Niger Scacc. 
 i. 356, amongst the stipends assigned to the different officers connected with the chace, 
 is the statement, " Veltrarii, nnunquisque iij.d. in die, et ij.d. hominibus suis ; et uni- 
 cuique leporario ob. in die.''' Blount has cited the Tenure of Setene, in Kent, by the 
 service of providing one veltrarins, to lead three greyhounds, when the King should go 
 into Gascony, as appears by Esch. 34 Edw. I. and Rot. Fin. 2 Edw. II. where the word 
 is written paM^rariMS. V^arious details regarding the duties of the " foutreres," and 
 their fee, or share of the produce of the chace, will be found in the Mayster of Game, 
 Vesp. B. XII. f. 99, 104, b. Of the dogs termed veltres, veltrahi, vertragi, &c. see 
 further in Ducange, v. Canis. At a later time the vaultre was a mongrel hound, used 
 in hunting bears and boars, as Nicot observes, " C'est ttne espece de chien entre allant 
 et mastin, dont on chasse aiur ours et sangliers,'^ The feuterers appear to have been 
 at a later period termed " children of the lesh : '' they were four in number, in the 
 household of Hen. VIII. 1526, as appears by the Ordinances of Eltham. 
 
 * Compare fysyciaS', or leche, p. 163. " A leche, aliptes, empiricus, medicus, cirur- 
 gicus, A leche house, laniena, quia infirmi ibi laniantur." cath. ang. " Leche, a surgion,
 
 292 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 (wurme, h.) Sangiiissuga, 
 hirudo. 
 
 Leche of flesche, or o))er mete.' 
 Lesca. 
 
 Leed, metalle. Pluinhum, 
 
 Leedare, or plummare (plum- 
 bare, s.) Plumharms. 
 
 Led A RE, or gyde. Ductor, di- 
 rector. 
 
 Leedyd. Plumbatus. 
 Leedyn' wythe leed. Plumbo. 
 Ledyn', or wyssyn. Duco, con- 
 
 duco, perduco. 
 Ledyn' a-wey. Ahduco. 
 Ledyn' A-3EN. Reduco. 
 Ledyn yn. Induce, introduco. 
 Ledyn owte. JEdtico. 
 (Leden ouer, p. Transduco.^ 
 
 servrgion, I leche, I heale one of a sore wounde as a cyrurgyen dothe. legueris." palsg. 
 Ang.-Sax. Isece, medicus. The appellation was used to denote those who professed any 
 branch of the healing art, as well as the ladies, who frequently supplied the place of the 
 regular practitioners. Amongst the innumerable treatises of the ancient herbalists few 
 afford a more curious insight into the practices of leech-craft, about the period when the 
 Promptorium was compiled, than Arund. MS. 42. The author, who It ad a herb-garden 
 at Stepney, states that he "knew a lady, ^e lady Sowche, ^e beste Godys leche of Bryjth- 
 lond, in women," and recounts her practice in preparing a nostrum, termed " nerual." 
 f. 22. The fourth, or ring finger, was called the leech finger, from the pulsation 
 therein found, and supposed to be in more direct communication with the heart, as in 
 the tract attributed to Job. de Garlandia, under the title of Distigius, Harl. MS. 1002, 
 f. 115, it is said, " Stat medius (medylle fyngure) medio, medicus (leche fyngure) jam 
 convenit (accordyt) egro.^' In another line the fingers are thus enumerated : " Pollex, 
 index, medius, medicus, auricularis.'' cath. ang. See Brand's Popular Antiquities. 
 
 1 The term leche, which occurs frequently in connection with ancient cookery, had 
 two distinct significations. It denoted such viands as it was usual to serve in slices, 
 probably for the sake of convenience, before the general use of forks. " Lesche, a long 
 slice, or shive of bread, &c." cotg. The nature and variety of dishes thus to be served 
 may be learned from Harl. MS. 279, where recipes are given for 64 different " Leche 
 vyaundys ;" and where the meaning of the verb to leche is evident from such directions 
 as the following : " Brawn in comfyte — leche it fayre wyth a knyff, but not to Hnne, 
 and han jif hou wolt J'ou my3t take l^e rybbys of he bore al bare, and chete hem en- 
 longys J^orw ^e lechys, an so serue forth a leche or to in euery dysshe." f. 27, b. 
 Compare the use of the verb to " leshe," Forme of Cury, pp. 36, 56, 57 ; " yleeslied," 
 p. 18. Compare the " leychedbeefe" as ordered for supper in the dietary of the Prin- 
 cess Cecill, with the item " beefe sliced,'' in the Ordinances of Eltham, Househ. Ord. 
 pp. *38, 181. R. Holme gives this signification, iii. p. 78, and another sense, namely, 
 " a kind of jelly , made of cream, isinglass, sugar, and almonds." p. 83. " White leach, 
 gelatlna amigdalorum.'^ baret. " Leche made of flesshe, gelie.'^ palsg. One leche- 
 meat appears to have formed an ordinary portion of every course, as may be gathered from 
 the bills of fare at various great festivities, Harl- MS. 279, f. 44, and from the accounts 
 of the installation feasts of Abp. Nevill, 1466, Lei. Coll. vi. 6 ; of Abp. Morton, 1478, 
 Arnold's Chron. 239 ; and the coronation banquet of Elizabeth, Queen of Hen. VII. 
 1487, Lei. Coll. iv. 226. The various kinds of " leche " named in these documents 
 appear to have ranged with " suttleties," such as " leche Lumbart gylt, partie gelly, 
 leche porpul, damaske, reiall, ciprus, rube, Florentine," &c. See further the Roll of 
 Cookery appended to the Household Ordinances ; the Liber cure cocorum, Sloane MS. 
 1986 ; and Cott. MS. Jul. D. viii. Skinner interprets brawn lechyd, which is men- 
 tioned in the St. Alban's Book, as signifying '* aper medicatus,aromatis conditus;^' as 
 if the term had some connection with Ang.-Sa.x. Isece, medicus.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 293 
 
 Ledyn to. Adduco. 
 
 (Lede wythe a carte, supra in 
 
 cartyn'. Caruco, cath.)' 
 Leedynge wythe leed. Phmi- 
 
 hacio. 
 Ledyn ge, or wyssynge (wysynge 
 
 in the way, K.gydinge, p.) Du- 
 cat us. 
 Ledyr, or le)jyr, or lethyr (leyre, 
 
 or le))yre, s. leddyr, or lethyr, 
 
 p.)- Corium. 
 Leddere, or ladder. Scala. 
 Leddyr stafe."^ Scalarium, sca- 
 
 lare, cath. 
 Leef of a book, or a ire, or o])er 
 
 lyke. Folium. 
 Leefe of a vyne. Parnpinus, UG. 
 
 in pando. 
 
 Lefe, and dere.'* Cams. 
 
 Lefte, or forsakyn'. Dimissus, 
 derelictus, relictus. 
 
 Left, or thynge jjat ys on the 
 lyfte syde. Sinister. 
 
 Left hande. Sinistra, leva. 
 
 Left hande man (handid man, 
 K. s.) Mancinust cath. 
 
 Lefulle, or lawfuUe. Licitus. 
 
 Leg. Tibia. 
 
 Leg harneys. Tihialia. 
 
 Legge, ouer twarte byndynge 
 (ouer wart, s. ledge, p.)^ Li- 
 gator ium. 
 
 Legende (boke, s.) Legenda. 
 
 Legister. Legista, jurista. 
 
 Legyon' (or legivn', s.) Legio. 
 
 Lechery (lehcherye, k. lechchery. 
 
 ' An instance of this use of the verb to lead has been already given in the note on 
 cartyn', p. 62. Sir John Maundevile uses it in the sense of carrying, generally, as in 
 the following passage : " That arke or hucche, vrith the relikes, Tytus ledde with hym 
 to Rome, whan he had scomfyted alle the Jewes.'' Voiage, p. 102. In the Liber Niger 
 Regis Edw. IV. an ordinance is given that no seller of wheat for the use of the King's 
 house " be compelled to lede or carrye his wheete, pourveyed for this household, 
 towards the Kinges garner," more than the distance of 10 miles at his own cost. 
 Household Ordin, p. 6'8. A municipal regulation, cited in Beesley's Hist, of Banbury, 
 p. 233, prescribed in 15G4, " that no maner of person shall feche, leed, or cary any 
 donge or mucke furthe of the towne, but betwene the fyrst day of May and the feest of 
 Seint Michell th' Arckangell.'' Among the trades enumerated in the order of the pa- 
 geants of the play of Corpus Christi at York, 1415, occur "water leders.'' Drake's 
 Hist. App. " I lede a man or thynge aboute a towne vpon a hardell, or after a horse, 
 Je trayne.'^ palsg. 
 
 2 The marked distinction made by the author, in this and several other instances, 
 between the Saxon character i> and the equivalent expression th, is deserving of notice. 
 It is probable that the reading of the MS. hertys lethyr, or lethyr', as it has been 
 printed, p. 238, is faulty, and the following correction may be suggested, — lej>yr, or 
 lethyr. Ang.-Sax. leKer, corium. Bp. Kennett gives "leer, leather, hence Banda- 
 leers. Leer, corium. Kilian." Lansd. MS. 1033. 
 
 ^ The explanation oi scalare given in the Catholicon defines it as signifying " lignum 
 transversa iti scald positum, quod et hoc inierscalare dicitur." "A ledder staffe, 
 scalare.^' cath. ang. The transverse bars are more commonly termed the rounds or 
 rungs of the ladder. Chaucer speaks of the *' ronges " of a ladder. Miller's T. 3fa'25. 
 
 ■• Lefe, or lief, beloved, is a word which occurs in most of the old writers. Chaucer 
 and Gower use it as a substantive. Ang. -Sax. leof, dilectus. " Lefe, lyefe, dere, cher. 
 Lefenesse, chereti. Lefe or yuell." palsg. 
 
 * In Norfolk a bar of a gate, or stile, of a chair, table, &c. is termed a ledge, accord- 
 ing to Forby. " Ledge of a dore, barre. Ledge of a shelfe, apvy, estaye.''^ palsg.
 
 '294 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 s. letchery, p.) Lux-uria, me- 
 chia,Jvrnicacio, Venus. 
 
 Lechowre (lehchour, k.) J^or- 
 nicator, lectator, Jeno, fornica- 
 trix, lectatrix, mecha, lena (le- 
 cator, p.) 
 
 Leva RE, or werkare wythe stone 
 and mortere.' Cementarius. 
 
 Leyd, or put. Positus. 
 
 Ley for waschyng-e (or lye, infra, 
 leye, k. lye for wesshynge of 
 heddys, s.)^ Lixivium, c. f. et 
 VG. in luxos. 
 
 Leyynge of a thynge. Posicio. 
 
 Leyx', or puttyn (to, s.) Pono, 
 depono (j'epono, s,) 
 
 Leyn' eggys, as hennys (eyryn, 
 K. eyre, s.) Ovo, c. F.pono. 
 
 ' In the accounts of works at the palace of Westminster and the Tower during the 
 XlVth cent, preserved amongst the miscellaneous records of the Queen's Remem- 
 brancer, mention is made continually of " cubaiores,'^ or stone layers. See also the 
 abstracts of accounts relating to the erection of St. Stephen's Chapel, in the reign of 
 Edw. III. printed in Smith's Antiqu. of Westm. In the contract for building Fother- 
 inghay Church, 1425, the chief mason undertakes neither to " set mo nor fewer free- 
 masons, rogh setters ne leye(r)s," upon the work, but as the appointed overseer shall 
 ordain. Dugdale, Mon. iii. lb"4, Collegiate Churches. 
 
 - Lixinum, ms. and s. Uguitio gives lixen, aqua, whence "lixiHum, quia sit ex aqud 
 et cinere." Arund. MS. 508. The early romances and Chaucer's poems afford evidence 
 that yellow or light-coloured hair was in special esteem. The fashion prevailed at a 
 very early period, as appears from the writings of TertuUian, who reproaches Christian 
 women with an affectation of seeking to resemble in this respect those of Germany and 
 Gaul. The art of producing this colour artificially was termed crocnphantea, and is 
 condemned by St. Cyprian and St. Jerome as a sinful vanity, and by Galen as preju- 
 dicial to health. At the time when the Promptorium was compiled this fashion con- 
 tinued in full force, and numerous artificial expedients had been devised for supplying 
 the defect of nature, by means of some vegetable decoction or lie, whereby, with sub- 
 sequent exposure to the sun, the hair might be made to assume the desired colour. The 
 herbals and medicinal treatises of the XYth cent, indicate a great variety of processes 
 which were adopted for colouring or preserving the hair. In Arundel MS. 42, f. 82, 
 the decoction of madder is recommended to make it red, and the juice of sage applied 
 in the hot sun to make it black ; f. 77, b. The virtues of the lily are commended for 
 making hair to grow again, and the oil of hazel nuts as infallible against " mowtynge 
 of here," f. 59 ; and an effectual depilatory " for-doyng Jiere " is given at f. 35. The 
 strangest substances were in request for such purposes : thus in Jul. D. viii. f, 79, b. 
 ^' lixivium de cinere Jimi columbi''' is recommended as an approved remedy against 
 the falling of hair. The extent to which such artificial aids were made available at a 
 later period appears from the numberless prescriptions given by Gerarde, Parkinson, 
 Langham, in his Garden of Health, 1579, and similar writers. See the satirical ob- 
 servations of Bulwer on this subject, in the Artificial Changling, 1653. Herman, who 
 wrote at the commencement of the reign of Hen. VIII. says that " maydens were 
 sylken callis, with the whiche they keepe in ordre theyr heare made yelowe with lye ; 
 comas lixivio rvffatas sive rutulatas. Women chaunge the naturall colour of theyr 
 heare with crafty colour and sonnyng. Some cherisshe theyr busshis of heare with moche 
 kymbeynge and wesshynge in lye. He maketh his heare yelowe bycause he wolde seme 
 lustye ; rutilat capillos ut vegetus appareat. His heare was lyght ambre." Vulgaria, 
 1519. To such practices allusion is perhaps made in the Promptorium by the word heed 
 WASCHVNGK, which will be found above, p. 232. " Lee, lixivium, locium." oath. 
 ANG. Palsgrave gives only " lye to wasshe with, lessiue." Ang.-Sax. leah, lixivium.
 
 PROMPTORIUiM PARVULORUM. 
 
 296 
 
 Leyn to, or put to (leyn to, or 
 
 ley to, s.) Appono. 
 Leyn, or leye waiowre. Vadio, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Leyn to wedde. Pignoro, im- 
 
 pignoro, 
 Leynyn' (lenyn, or restyn, k.) 
 
 Podio, appodio. 
 Le(y)nynge.i Appodiacio. 
 
 Le(y)nynge staffe.2 Calopodium, 
 
 podium, c. F. CATii. 
 Leysere. Oportunitas. 
 Leek, or garleke. Alleum. 
 LEEK,or porret. Porrum, cat n. 
 
 c. F. 
 Leek pottage. Porrata, cath. 
 Leem, or lowe (lawe, u.y Plamma. 
 LemiMan.'* Concubina, amasia. 
 
 ^ Levynge, MS. lenynge, k. 8. p. 
 
 2 Podium is explained in the Catholicon and Ortus to be "baculus super quern innitimur, 
 cum quo sepe terramferimus, a lene." Ducange cites the Usus Ord. Cisterc. c. 68, where 
 by this term is implied ^^ pars fonnce monachicce, cui monacfii, cum procumbunt, inni- 
 tunfur;" and it seems possible that allusion is here made by Friar Geoffrey to the staff 
 which, according to the usage in some establishments, served to give an occasional 
 support during the long services of the choir, an object which was more usually attained 
 by means of the mhericorde, ox formdla. In some of the German churches the use of 
 the leaning staff is still retained, and a remarkable specimen, apparently of German 
 workmanship, now preserved in the De Bruges collection at Paris, was intended, as 
 Lenoir supposed, to answer this purpose. The curious character of its ornaments in- 
 dicates its having been fashioned for some sacred use, and the lion statant, by which it is 
 surmounted, gives it, in some measure, the form of the Tau staff, as it has been termed. 
 Hist, des Arts en France, pi. xxxvii. " Leanyng stocke, appuial." palsg. 
 
 3 Leme, a shining light, Aug.- Sax. leoma, jubar, is a word not uncommonly used by 
 the old writers; see R. Glouc. p. 186'; Vision of Piers P. 12,324; Cant. Tales, 
 14,836. " JV«/yM*, lemynge hat touchethe. J^?</^Mr, lemynge hat brennethe. Casma, 
 brennynge of the leeme of the fyre.'' med. ms. cant. In the Abbbreviata Chronica 
 printed by the Camb. Antiqu. vSoc. from the MS. at Caius Coll. it is recorded, A.D. 
 1402, '■'■ hoc anno apparuit atella comata, Anglice vocata lemyng sterr, prognosticans 
 belhimfuturum, vid. bellum Salopie.^' Fabyan relates that in 7 Will. Rufus "grysly 
 and vncouth syghtes were sene, as hostes of men fightyng in y"^ skye, and fyre lemys 
 and other." Compare glemynge, or lemynge of lyghte, p. 198. See also hereafter 
 STEEM, or lowe of fyre, and stemynge, or lemynge of fyyr. Bp. Kennett notices learn 
 as signifying a flash or blaze of fire, in Durham ; Lansd. MS. 1033 ; and Brockett gives 
 leam, as retained in the Northern Dialect. 
 
 4 Junius derives this term from Ang.-Sax. leof, dilectus, and man, denoting the 
 human species generally, without distinction of sex. Hickes in his A.S. Grammar gives 
 leue-mon, amasius, Norm. -Sax. ; by R. Glouc. the word is written lefmon, p. 344 ; 
 and in the Winchester MS. of the Promptorium leefman' is given as synonymous with 
 specy AL, concubyne, the man. The editor of the Towneley Mysteries would deduce an 
 argument for the antiquity of that work from the fact that lemman occurs therein solely 
 in the primary and simple sense of a person beloved. It is thus used also by R. Brunne, 
 p. 23G ; but it more commonly denotes one loved illicitly, or with mere gallantry, as 
 the word is used by Chaucer and Gower, and applied to either sex. " Bassaris, a mylche 
 cowe, or a prestys lemraande.'* Vocab. Harl. MS. 1002. "A leman, atnaxius, amasia, 
 concubina, /ocaria, pelex ; peJignus, peliyna, filius i-el filia ejus; niulticuba, i/iulfi- 
 gamus, polidamas. A lemanry, concubitus, concubinaius." oath. ang. "Amasius, 
 qui intemperate amat, a lemman, or a louer. Amasia, i. viulier qui amnt sine lege, a 
 lemman. ^-Incuba, i. concubina, vel succuba, a lemman. Concubina est que ad usitvi
 
 296 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Lemyn', or lowyn' as fyyr (as 
 
 lowe of fyre, k. h. F.y Flammo. 
 Lemyn GE, or lowynge of fyyre. 
 
 Flammacio. 
 Lend A RE, or he ])at (lendythe, 
 
 H. s.) a thynge. Fenerator, 
 
 creditor. 
 Leend, lym of a beeste (or ludd- 
 
 ok, infra, lende, K. p.)2 Lumhus. 
 
 Leendyn. Presto, fenero, cath. 
 
 feneror, cath. miituo (concedo, 
 
 H. credo, p.) 
 Lendynge. Mut(u)acio. 
 
 Lene, not fet. Macer, macilen- 
 tus. 
 
 Lenesse, or lennesse (sic, s. 
 lene fleshe, k.) Macies, ma- 
 credo, macritudo, cath. 
 
 Lenyn, or make lene. Macero. 
 
 Leenge, fysche.-^ Lucius ma- 
 rinus (longenus, p.) 
 
 Lengthe. Longitudo. 
 
 LENTE,holy tyme. Quadragesima. 
 
 Leep, or baskett (lepp, k.)'* 
 Sporta, calathus, cordis, cath. 
 et c. F. canistrum. 
 
 Veneris non legitime tenetur, a lemman.'' ortus. " Lemman, concubine, amovrevse." 
 PALSG. Horman remarks that " some loue theyr lemmans (pallacas) better than theyr 
 true wyfe." Compare specyal, hereafter, 
 
 1 Compare glemyn, or lemyn, p. 198. See Gawayn and the Grene Knyjt, 591, 
 1137, &c. ; Vision of P. P. ; Townel. Myst. p. 92. Ang.-Sax, leoman, lucere. 
 
 2 In the later Wicliffite version Job xl. 21 is thus rendered : " His (i. Behemot) 
 strengt'e is in his lendis, (lumbis, Vulg.) and his vertu in the naule of his wombe." 
 See also Judith viii. 6 ; Luke xii. 35. Chaucer describes the milk-white and well 
 plaited "barm-cloth" or apron, worn by the carpenter's wife "upon hire lendes." 
 Miller's Tale, 3238. " A lende, lumbus." cath. ang. " Lumbus, a leynde, vel 
 idem quod ren, a nayre. Lumbifractus, broken lended.'' ortus. Ang.-Sax. lendenu, 
 lumbi. 
 
 3 Caxton, in the Boke of the fayt of armes, ii. c. 16, speaking of things with which 
 a garrison ought to be well supplied, mentions " grete foyson of ling fysshe, and ha- 
 burden.'' In Sir John Howard's Household Book the following item is entered by his 
 steward, A.D. 1465: " My mester payde at Yipswyche viijs. \yd. for xxxij. leenges ;" 
 and in the provision for Hengrave in l(j07 the item occurs, " bought at Sturbige fayre 
 of great organ lynge, xxj." Rokewode's Hengrave, 210. " Lynge, fysshe, colin.'" 
 PALSG. The ling, jisellus longus, received its name from the length of the fish, as 
 Skinner and Willughby suppose ; it was supplied from the Northern seas, and probably 
 retained the name by which it was known to the fishermen in those regions. Teut. 
 linghe, Dutch, leng, piscis ex asellorum genere. Keeling is doubtless of cognate deri- 
 vation ; compare also grene lynge, above, p. 210. 
 
 ■• In the later Wicliffite version the following passage occurs : " Whanne sche myjte 
 not hele, Jeanne sche took a leep of segg, {fiscellam scirpeam, Vulg.) and bawmede it 
 with tar and picche, and puttide the yong child wij^inne." Exod. ii. 3. Compare 
 Dedis ix. 25 ; ii. Cor. xi. 3.3. See also Towneley Myst. p. 329. " Alepe, canistrum, 
 cophinus, corbis, Hfc. ubi a baskyt. A lepe maker, cophinarius, corbio.'' cath. ang. 
 " Cartallum, a basket or a lepe. Cofinus, vas vimineum ad opus servile deputatum, a 
 hande basket. Cofimdus, a lytyll lepe. Corbulus, a lytell lepe or basket.'* oaTOS. 
 " Lepe, or a basket, corbeille.'' palsg. See Jamieson, v. Lippie. Bp. Kennett, in 
 his Glossarial Collections, Lansd. MS. 1033, has the following observations on this 
 word : " Leap, in Yorkshire a large osier basket bore between two men, for the use of 
 carrying corn to be winnowed, &c. called commonly a wheat-leap. Sax. leap, calathus, 
 speciatim seminatoris corbis. A seed leap, or seed lip ; Wilts. A leap, a weel to
 
 PROMPTORIU.M PARVULORUM. 
 
 a97 
 
 Leep, for fysshe kepynge, or 
 
 takynge.' JVassa, cath. et UG. 
 
 in no. 
 Leep, or styrt (lepp, or skypp, k. 
 
 sterte, s.) Saltus. 
 Lepare, or rennare. Cursor. 
 Lepare, or rennar a-wey. Fugax, 
 
 fugitivus. 
 Lepynge, or rennynge. Cursus. 
 Lepynge a-wey. Fuga. 
 
 Lepyr, or lepre (seke, K. p.) man, 
 or woman, or becste. Leprosus. 
 
 Lepyr, or lepre, sekenesse.2Z«7Jj-a. 
 
 Lerare, lernare, or techare. Doc' 
 tor, instrnctor, informator. 
 
 Lerare, or lernare, or he }>at re- 
 ceyvythe lore ()>at takyt infor- 
 macyon, k. takethe lernynge, 
 p.) Discipidus. 
 
 LeryNj or receyue lore ofa-nothere 
 
 catch fisb ; Lancashire. An ozier basket borne between two men for the use of carrying 
 chaff out of a barn is called in Northamptonshire and Bucks a bear-leap. Isl. laupur, 
 scrinium quo lanificex linum servant. A leap or lib, half a bushel ; Sussex. A seed 
 leap, or lib, a basket to carry corn on the arm to sow ; Essex. Lepa, 31 Edw. I. est 
 tertia pars dunrum bussellorttm. Ext. Man. de Terring, com. Sussex.'' Forby gives 
 lep, or lepe, a large deep basket, and seed lep, a basket for the use of the sower, or car- 
 rying chaff to feed horses. IMoore mentions lib, doubting whether the word is still in 
 use in Suffolk. Grose gives leap as a North-country word. Plot speaks of the "cubb 
 or beer-lip " used to make a cavity in a rick, to prevent heating. Hist. Oxf. p. 256. 
 Compare cuelle, baskett, or lepe, above, p. 101, and barlylepe, p. 25. 
 
 ' This term occurs in the later Wicliffite version, in the description of Behemoth : 
 " Shul marchaundis departe him ? wher ^>ou shalt fille nettis wil? bis skin, and a leep 
 of fishis (ffWffusthmi piscium, Vulg.) wijj his heed ?" Job xi. 26. "A lepe for fysche, 
 fiscella, gurgustium.'" cath, ang. " Nassa, quoddam instrumenttim ex viminibus 
 tamquam rhete contextum, ad capiendos pisces, a pyche or a fyshe lepe. Piscina, 
 a chesefat, or a fysshe lepe." ortus. " Lepe to take fysshe, nasse a prendre 
 poyson. Thou cannest nat bringe this leepe (nasse) downe to the botome, except thou 
 tye a stone to it." palsg. " iVasse, a wicker leap, or weel for fish." cotg. "Leaps 
 to take eeles, caudecce .'' gouldm. The stat. 4 Will, and Mary, c. 23, forbids all 
 persons not owners of fisheries to keep " any net, angle, leap, piche, or other engine 
 for the takeing offish." Stat, of Realm, vi. 415. Bp. Kennett observes that the term 
 is in use in Lancashire and in Leicestershire. Ang, -Sax. leap, wassa. Compare fysch 
 LEEP, above, p. 163. 
 
 2 It has been affirmed that leprosy was brought into Europe by the crusaders ; in 
 the Ang.-Sax. vocabulary, however, which has been attributed to j^^lfric, occurs the 
 word " leprosus, hreoflis, o'55e licSrowera." Jul. A. ii. f. 123. In the Assisa de 
 Forestd, which is of uncertain date, but is assigned by Manwood to 6 Edw. L it is 
 enacted that if any beast of chase be found wounded or dead, " caro mittatur ad domiim 
 leprosi, si qua prope fuerit ," or otherwise given to the infirm and poor. Stat, of Realm, 
 i. 244. In Lynn, where the Promptorium was compiled, there were several spital 
 houses, or hospitals of lepers. The most ancient, the hospital of St. Mary Magdalen, was 
 founded in the reign of Stephen by Petrus Capellanus for a prior and twelve brethren, 
 of whom three were to be lepers. See Parkins' account of Lynn, Blomf. Norf. iv. 608. 
 Mackarell, in his Hist, of that town, p. 255, mentions a bequest to the leprous men and 
 women in 1408 ; and Parkins records the devise of Stephen Guybon to every house of 
 lepers about Lynn, in 1432, namely at West Lynn, Cowgate, Herdwyk, Setchehithe, 
 Mawdelyn, and Geywode. The number of these charitable institutions in England was 
 considerable; permission had been granted by Pope Alex. III. in 1179. that leprous 
 persons, being excluded from all communion with their fellow-men, might, wherever 
 
 CAMD. SOC. 2 Q
 
 '298 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVUI.ORUM. 
 
 (betawt of another, k. lenie or 
 
 be taught, p.)' Disco, cath. 
 
 ad disco. 
 Leryn', or techyn' a-nother. Do- 
 
 ceo, instruo, informo. 
 Lerynge, or lernynge, or lore 
 
 (teching, k.) Doctrina, in- 
 
 structio, infuVDiacio. 
 Lees, or false- Pulsus. 
 Lees, for howndys, idem quod 
 
 le(e)ce, supra. {Laxa^letra, 
 
 p. sic, pro veltrea ?) 
 Lesarue \vy(r)m (worme, s.) 
 
 Lacertus, c. f. 
 Lesse. 3Iinus, adv. 
 
 Lesyn', or lese. Perdo. 
 Lessyn, or make lesse. Minuo, 
 
 diminuo, minor o. 
 Leesynge, orlyyiigc(orgabbynge, 
 
 supra; le3ynge, s. liynge, p.)^ 
 
 Mendacium. 
 Lesynge berare. Mendifer. 
 Lesynge, or thyngys loste (of 
 
 thynge loste, s.) Perdicio. 
 Lesynge, or losynge of a thynge 
 
 bowndyn' (boounde, s.) Solucio. 
 Leske (or flanke, supra.y In- 
 
 guen, c. F. 
 Lessone. Leccio. 
 Leste, sowtarys forme. Formula, 
 
 they should form a congregation, have a church for themselves. These hospitals were 
 of the Augustine order, and included amongst the religious houses which were surren- 
 dered 2(j Hen. VIII. The formalities with wldch the seclusion of lepers was effected, 
 and the restrictions imposed upon them, may be learned from the Manuale ad usum 
 Sarum. Ilentzner, who visited England during the reign of Elizabeth, speaks of the 
 English as very subject to the disease of leprosy. "A lepyr, lepra, elefancia, rnissella. 
 A leprus man, leprosus, minellun.'^ cath. ang. Horman says, "He hath made a 
 leper, or a lasar liouse ; hierocomioii co7ididit.'" " Lepar, a sicke man, lasdre. Lasar, id. 
 Lypre, the sickenesse,/a«/e/-2e." palsg. The term mesel is very commonly used to de- 
 signate a leprous person, and appears to be directly taken from the French wf«e/; some 
 writers have, however, sujjposed a distinction to have existed between mesellerie and 
 ladrerie. See masyi., hereafter. 
 
 ' The double signification of the verb to lere occurs in most of the old writers ; R. 
 Glouc, 11. Brunne, and Minot use it in both senses ; Chaucer uses it in that of 
 learning, Frankcl. T. IIOG ; and it signifies teaching. Vis. of Piers P. 4742, 9551; 
 Townel. Myst. p. :i8, &c. Ang. -Sax. Iseran, docere. A rhyming epitaph, inscribed on 
 brass, is found at Grundisburgh, Suffolk, dated 1501, to the memory of a person, 
 
 " Which decessyd, as yee shall lere, 
 The vj. day off September." 
 
 - Les is used by R. Glouc. as an adjective ; as a substantive, lees, a falsehood, occurs 
 more frequently. Lese, Gawene and tiie Carle, 7, 2(J5 ; " Withouten lees," Chaucer, 
 Rom. of Rose, :i!)()4 ; les, leasse, Townel. Myst. Cov. Myst. Ang.-Sax. leas, /«/«<*. 
 
 3 " Nuya, a scorne, a lesynge, a bourde, a trifuUe. Nvyicamis, a singer of lesinges. 
 Feria, lesing, or chirche-werk." med. "A lesynge, mendacium, Sfc. nbi a lee." 
 CATH. ANG. Ang.-Sax. leasung, mendacium. 
 
 ' " A leske, ?7;c/twwrf«V/." CATH. ANG. {'^ Jpocuiidie, i. coitle molles.^^ med.) *'■ No- 
 mina mvinbrorum, men flunkn, my laiikts." Harl. MS. '.'19, f. 150. "Leske by the 
 belly, aijney i'ai.sg. \\\>. Kennett gives " Lisk, tliat part of the side wliich is between 
 the liips and the short ribs. Yorkshire." Laiisil. MS. I03,'{. Skinner gives lesk as 
 most commonly used in this sense in Lincolnshire ; see also lirockett and Jamieson, 
 t. Liik. Compare Dan. and Swed. liuske, Belg. liesch, inyuen.
 
 PROMPTOKIUM I'AHVUI.OKUM. 
 
 ^99 
 
 cXTH.formipedia, Dice, calo- 
 
 pndla, c. F. 
 Leste, novvmbyr, as heryngys, 
 
 and other lyke.' Legio, 
 Leest of alle. 3Iinimus. 
 Lestage of a shyppe.^ Sahurra, 
 
 CATir. et COMM. 
 
 Lestyn, or iuduryn'. Duro, 
 
 perduro. 
 Lestynge, or yndurynge (du- 
 
 rynge, k. p.) Perduracio. 
 Leest wurthy. Eximius {sic, p. 
 
 exUimiis, s.) 
 Letanye. Letania. 
 
 Lette game, or lettare of pley. 
 Prepiludius, c. F. in prepedio. 
 
 Lettyn'. Impedio, prepedio. 
 
 Lettynge. Impedimentum. 
 
 Lettynge, or longe taryynge, and 
 a-bydynge. Mora. 
 
 Lettyk. Littera, grama. 
 
 Letteryd. Litteratus. 
 
 Leterone, or lectorne, deske 
 (lectrone, k. letrone, or lectrun, 
 H. p. leteron, or letervn, s.)-* 
 Lectrinum, lectorium, pluteum, 
 c.F.lectrum,c.F.(piilpituni,c.F. 
 discus, secundum (i. equi, p.) 
 
 ' The stat. Hen. III. de mcnsuris,3Mii the stat. 31 Edw. III. de allece vendendo, ordained 
 that a last of herrings should be accounted by ten thousand, and the hundred by six score, 
 the highest price being fixed at 40*. the last. Stat, of Realm, i. 354. In " the Costis for to 
 make hering at the Coeste," printed with Arnold's Chron. p. 263, it is stated that to 
 make a last " ye shal bye fresh hering out of the ship, x. m. ; vj. score, andiiij. heringis 
 for the c. xij. barellis ful packed is a last of white hering, and xx. cadis rede hering is 
 a last, V. c. in a cade, vj. score iiij. heringis for the c." Of " Rede sprottis — x. cades 
 maketh a last, xij. c. in euery cade." lu the summary of tlie office of the Celleresse of 
 Barking is the " Memorandum, that a barrell of herring shuld contene a thousand her- 
 rings, and a cade oflf herryng six hundretli, six score to the hundreth." Mou. Angl. i. 
 83. " Last of fysshe, xij. barelles, /ay." palsg. A last of unpacked herrings, ac- 
 cording to Coles, is 18 barrels. See Ducange, v. Lasta. 
 
 ■2 " A lastage, or fraghte of a schippe, saburra.^' cath. ang. Sahurra signifies the 
 ballast of a ship, ^^ multitiido lapidum, vet inutilis sarcina nainn, que solet esse de la- 
 pidibns et arena.'" cath. " Lestage, the balast of a ship."' cotg. " A last or lastage, 
 onus, saburra. To lastage, wirfe balast." gouj-dm. The stat. 21 Ric. II. c. 18, re- 
 citing that the beacons and outworks of the town of Calais were decayed, in consequence 
 of the rages of the sea, ordains that ships coming thither fr()m England '''■portent 
 ovesque eux tout lour lastage des bones piers co?ivenables j>ur restii(/^ure de les Beeknes,'' 
 &c. Stat, of Realm, ii. 108. See Ducange, v. Lastagiuni. Of tlie custom exacted for 
 freiglitage, termed lestagium, see Spelman's Glossary. Ang. -Sax. lilsest, onus navis, 
 behhestan, onerare. Belg. lastagie, ballast. 
 
 '■^ The lectern is not named amongst the appliances of sacred use enumerated by 
 ^Ifric, Cott. MS. Julius, A. ii. f. 126, b. ; in the Regula Bened. mention, however, 
 occurs of the riediiij;-scamol. Tlie various uses of the lectern in cathedral or collegiate 
 establishments may be gathered from the ancient rites of Durham, in which it 
 appears that there was a pelican " Icttern '' of brass at the north side of tlie high 
 altar, where the Epistle and Gospel were sung; a second lower down in the choir, 
 in the form of an eagle of brass, used at mattins, or other times when the legends were 
 read; and there was also a " letterne" of wood, like a pul])it, standing and adjoining 
 to the organ over the door of the choir. It seems highly probable, as Mr. Rudge sup- 
 poses, that the while marble desk discovered in 1813 near the site of the abbey church 
 of Evesham, formed part of tlie lectern that was erected about 1218 by Thos. de Mar- 
 lebeig, at that time sacrist, and subsequently Abbot, according to the following record ;
 
 300 PROiMPTORIUM FARVULORUM. 
 
 Lecture (letture, k. lettrure, 
 II. p.) Lectura (Jitteratura, p.) 
 Letuarye. Electuarium, cath. 
 Letuce, herbe. Lactuca. 
 Leve. Licencia. 
 
 Levecel be-forne a wyndowe, or 
 other place.' Umbraculum, c. f. 
 
 Leve(y)ne of dowe (leveyn, or 
 dowe, s. p.) Frtimentum, sima, 
 c. F. (^fermentum, it. s. p.) 
 
 "Fecit lectriciuni retro chorum, quod prius non erat factum in ecclesid Eveshamensi, 
 et legebantur lectio)ies juxta tumbam S. Wilsini." Cott. MS. Vesp. B. xxiv. This 
 lectern is represented in Archseol. xvii. pi. 23. A lectern of marble, resembling such 
 as is quarried in Derbyshire, exists at Crowle, in Worcestershire; it appears to be a 
 ■work of the Xllth cent. Another beautifully-sculptured specimen is preserved in the 
 ancient abbatial house at Wenlock, Salop. In the former instance alone, the arrange- 
 ment whereby the desk was supported on small columns may be ascertained. Of the 
 moveable lecterns of a later period numerous specimens have escaped the ravages of the 
 XVIth and XVIIth centuries. Carved lecterns of wood exist at Bury, Huntingdonshire, 
 date about 1300 ; at Ramsey ; Swanscombe, and Lenham, in Kent ; Hawsted, in Suffolk ; 
 and in many other churches. Those of brass are mostly of the XVth cent, or later 
 date. At Rouen Cathedral an ancient lectern of iron may be seen, which, being hinged 
 together like &faldisto7-ium, and furnished with a socket for a candle on one side, might 
 be folded up when not in use, and laid aside, so as not to encumber the area of the 
 choir. The lectern was adorned with a covering, frequently termed the "des-cloth," 
 of rich material conformable to the suit, or complete vestment, of which it formed a 
 part. In the Inventory of the Church of St. Faith, in the crypt at St. Paul's, 129H, is 
 mentioned " pannus de palad lectrinium." In the Wardrobe 13ook 27 Edw. I. amongst 
 the furniture and ornaments of the royal chapel, occurs " unum manuterginm curtum, 
 sulum de auro et serico, pro lect7-one." p. 352. John of Gaunt bequeathed, 1399, a 
 richly-embroidered vestment of white satin to the high altar at St. Paul's, the " con- 
 vert itre pour la letteron " forming an item in the description, as likewise in that of a 
 vestment of red cloth of gold, wrought with gold falcons, devised by him to the " Mous- 
 tier de N. Dame de Nicole." Test. Ebor. i. 227, 228. " Lectrinum, lecfrum, et legium 
 j)ro eodern, scilicet pro pulpito ; et dicuntur a lego, a pulpyt, or a lectrone.'' ortus. 
 " A lettrone, ambo, descus, lectriiium, orcista." cath. ang. " Lecterne to syng at, 
 levirayn." palsg. See further in Ducange. 
 
 ' The etymology and precise meaning of this word are exceedingly obscure : it is used 
 by Chaucer, in the tale of the Cambridge scholars, who came to the Miller of Trump- 
 ington to have their grain ground, and left their horse under a pent-house or out- 
 building, instead of putting him into the " lathe;" the Miller, to play them a shrewd 
 trick, slipped off the bridle, and let the horse run. 
 
 " He looked up and doune, till he had yfound 
 The clerkes horse, tliere as he stood ybound. 
 Behind the mill, under a lessel." Reve's Tale, 4059. 
 
 Tyrwhitt prints the word " levesell," and its meaning here is less obscure than in a 
 passage in the Persone's Tale, where it again occurs. Chaucer defines the difference 
 between pride in the heart of man, and pride shown in external show and costly array : 
 " But nathelesse, that one of these spices of pride is signe of that other, right as the 
 gaye leuesell at the taverne is signe of the wine that is in the seller." Speght, who had 
 here consulted the Promptoriuni, e,\i>luitis the word as signifying a bush, or a hovel, 
 which is repeated by Skinner, with the suggestion that it may be derived from the 
 French " lais, t^epres, virguHa, additd term. dim. ell." This derivation seems little 
 to the purpose. According to Cotgrave lais, or layes, are trees left as marks in cutting 
 a copse wood. Tyrwhitt in his notes says confidcnUy that the word is derived from
 
 PROMPTORIUiM PARVULORUM. 
 
 301 
 
 Level, rewle. Equicium, (c. f. 
 
 regula, p.) 
 Level, rewle.' Perpendiculum. 
 Levexe, or lyghtciiynge (levyn, 
 
 H. s.)- Fulgur, coruscacio, 
 
 fulmen. 
 Levenesse, or beleveiiesse. Fides. 
 Levenesse, or grete troste (leve- 
 
 iieste, or grette tryst, s. leue- 
 
 nesse or trust, p.) Confidencia. 
 Levyn', or belevyn'.''Crerfo,CATH. 
 Leevyn', or fbrsakyn' (levyn, or 
 
 blevyn, k. h.) Relinquo, de- 
 
 relinffuo, dimitto, desero. 
 Leevyn', sesyn', or be stylle. 
 
 Dimitto, desisto. 
 Lewde, not letteryd. Illitteratus, 
 
 agramatus, c. F. (^incipiens, P.) 
 Lewde, vnkunnynge, or vnknow- 
 
 ynge yn what so hyt be. In- 
 
 scius, ignarus (Jaicus, K. p.) 
 I^EWDENESSE of clergy."* Illitte- 
 
 ratura. 
 Lewdenesse of on-cony nge 
 
 Ang.-Sax. \ek, folium, and set\,sedes, but afterwards confesses himself dissatisfied with 
 that explanation ; yet still holds to the notion that in the second passage allusion is 
 made to the bush, the ancient sign of a wine-shop, and cites Chatterton's Elinour and 
 Juga, attributed to Rowley, where the hunter is said to rouse the fox from. " the 
 lessel." In the Editor's MS. of the Medulla, timbraculum is rendered " an oumbrelle;'* 
 in the Canterbury MS. " an amerelle ;" in Harl. MS. 2270, " an vmbrelle." 
 
 ' Lever, ms. and s. " Leuell, a ruler, 7iiueav.'^ palsg. Ang.-Sax. laefel, Ubella. 
 
 • The lightning, or any sudden gleam of light, is frequently termed by the old 
 writers levene, a word which has been derived from Ang.-Sax. hlifian, rutilare. See 
 Lye, and Jamieson, v. Levin. R. Brunne, describing the engines devised by Richard 
 Coeur de Lion, to throw wild-fire and stones, at the siege of Acre, says that " as leuen 
 |>e fire out schete." Langt. Chron. p. 174. Compare Havelok, 2690; Ywaine and 
 Gawin, Rits. Metr. R. i. p. 17 ; Cant. Tales, 5858 ; Gower, Conf. Am. ; Townel. 
 Myst. pp. 39, 116 ; Cov. Myst. 156. Fabyan relates that in 7 Hen. L " was sene an 
 vncouth starre, whyche nyghtely appered at one howre, and continued so by the space 
 of XXV. days; and fore agaynst that, oute of the Eest parte, appered a great leuyn or 
 heme of bryghtnes, whyche stretched towarde the sayde starre." Spenser uses the word 
 "levin '' repeatedly. " /^tt/^!«r, leuenynge that brenneth. Fulgetriim, a shynynge of 
 leuenynge that brenneth. .^V/^mew, leuenynge, or lyghtnynge." ortus. " To levyne, 
 or to smyte wyth lewenynge, canmatisere, fulgore fulm'inare. A levenynge, casma, 
 fulgur, fulmen, fidget rum, ignis. A leveaynge smyttynge, fulgoratus.'^ cath, axg. 
 
 In the Vocabulary, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. are given " Fulgor, fulmen, lewenynges, 
 Fulgurat, (it) lewnes." Palsgrave gives the verb it " leueneth as the lyghtenyng dothe, 
 il esclere. Dyd you nat se it leuen right nowe ?'' " Leving, rirfe lightning." gouldm. 
 3 The verb to leve is used in this sense by R. Glouc. p. 30 ; it occurs repeatedly in 
 the Vision of P. Ploughman. See also Chaucer, Tale of Melib. ; Gower, Conf. Am. iii. 
 Ang.-Sax. lyfan. concedere, leafnes, venia. 
 
 * Clergy, as it has been remarked in the note, p. 81, signifies erudition, precisely 
 according to the sense of the French clergie; and the word is thus to be understood in 
 the term " benefit of clergy." See Harrington's observations on stat. 4 Hen. VII. 
 The use of the word in this acceptation is, however, a striking evidence of the general 
 ignorance that prevailed amongst all classes, churchmen alone excepted, so that the 
 community might be classed under two great divisions, clerks and " lewede," R. Glouc. 
 J). 4/1 ; or " lered and lewed," R. Brunne, p. 8. It is needless to cite instances of 
 the frequent use of the word lewd in its primitive signification by the old writers. 
 Ang.-Sax. Isewd, lewed, /aic?<*. "Lewde, agramatus, illiteratus, laicus, mecaiiiais.
 
 302 
 
 PUOMPTOUIUM I'ARVULORUM. 
 
 (vnknowynge, p.) Tnsciencia, 
 
 ignorancia, 
 Lewke, not fully bote.' Tepidus. 
 Lewkenesse. Tepor. 
 Lewte, cuppe.- Culusus, comm. 
 Lewte, pot or vessel of mesure. 
 
 Fidelia, cath. 
 Lewte, or lytylle feythe. Fide- 
 
 Cula, CATH. 
 
 Lethy, or weyke (or screte, 
 infra ; leyth, s.)^ Flexibilis. 
 
 Lyare, or gabbare. Mendax, 
 
 mendosus. 
 Lyberalle, or frc in yevynge 
 
 (gyuynge, p.) Liber alis, mu- 
 
 nijicus. 
 Lyberalyte, or frencs of berte. 
 
 Liberalitas. 
 Lyche, dede body.^ Funus, ga- 
 
 bares, c. f, et ug. in Gabriel 
 
 dicit gabaren, vel gabbaren. 
 Lyche, lady or lorde (lysch to 
 
 Vnlettyrde, wJilewde." cath. ang. ^^'LcxiAe of coniycwns, maluays,villayn, maul- 
 yraneux. Leude worde, eH//-e.s«^«. Leude frere, iowrrficaH." palsg, Horman says, 
 "I am not so leude {adeo sum iners) but I knowe or spye wliat thou goest about. 
 This matter is utterly marred by thy leudnes {iynavid.) I make as thougli I sawe nat 
 thy leude paiantis {conniveo tuis inepiiis). Here is leude or naughty wyne (illaiidalum 
 vel spur cum).''' 
 
 > " Lewke, tepidus. To make lewke, tepifacere. To be lewke, tepere."' cath. 
 ang. " Leuke warme, or blodde warme, tiede." palsg. Ang. -Sax. wlac, iepidtis. 
 
 2 Culusus is given only in the Harl. and Winch. MSS. The word is not noticed by 
 Ducange, and possibly is erroneously written for culuUus, which, according to Papias, is 
 calixfctilis. " Fidelia, olla vel ciphus, or a cherne." med. Ang. -Sax. li^, poculum. 
 
 3 " Lentus, slowe and febulle, or lethy, nioyste." med. ms. cant. " Lentesco, to 
 waxe slowe or lethy, i. tardurn esse." ortus. Mich. Munshull also gives in his verbale, 
 Harl. MS. 1002, f. l.U, "lentesco, to wex lethy." " Lethi " occurs in the Vision of 
 P. Ploughm. 5979, and is explained by Mr. Wright as signifying hateful, but its precise 
 meaning is not obvious. In a Treatise on Obstetrics, of the later part of XVth cent. 
 Add. MS. 12,19.'), particular instructions are i;iven " at what age a maydyn may vse of 
 drwrery," and it sets forth the evils arising from the anticipation of the age of puberty, 
 " for trewly and sche vs bat deduyt or hat tyme, on of bes iij. thynges, or elles alle 
 schalle falle to her : owder sche xalle be barcn, or her brethe schalle haf an yll savore, 
 or sche xalle be to lytiiy, or lauy of her body to oIht )>an to here hosbonde ; but for he 
 ij. fyrst 3e xalle fynde medysignus here after, and j'e iij. is vnne curabylle " " Lethe, 
 delyuer of ones lymmes, AO?<;;/e." palsg. Lathy is given by Moore as a Suffolk epi- 
 thet, signifying thin in person. Ang.-Sax. US, tener. Compare lythe, hereafter. 
 
 * Leik, Havelok, 27.93, and liche, Vision of P. Ploughm. signify a living body, as in 
 line 5"j,9.9, where Dame Studie is described as " lene of lere, and of liciie both :" it is so 
 used likewise in K. Alis. 3482. Tliis is perfectly in accordance with the signification of 
 the Ang.-Sax. etymon Wee, corpus, a body, either living or dead. The latter seems, 
 however, to have been the more usual sense of the word. Chaucer, in the Knight's 
 Tale, 29()0, speaks of the " liche-wake " at the burning of the corpse of Arcite. In 
 the North the custom of watching the corpse, termed jyke-wake, is not entirely laid 
 aside : see Brockett, v. Lake-wake, and Jamieson, v. Lyk-waik. It is by corruption 
 termed late-wake; Pennant, Tour in Scotl. i. 112. The term is evidently derived from 
 Ang.-Sax. lie, cadaver, and w.Tcce, riyitiu. A full account of the usages and abuses 
 customary on these occasions will bi- found in IJraiid's Pojiular Antiqu. and Ducange, 
 V. Viyilitp. In the Invent, taken 1421, church of St. John Baptist, Glastonbury, printed 
 by Warner, are mentioned " iij. lyche l)ells ; " in the Invent, of St. Dunstan's, Can- 
 terbury, l.")00, termed " bells for mortuarys." G. Mag. vol. viii. N.S. In the ordinance
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 303 
 
 lady or lorde, s.)' Ligius (do- 
 mimes ligiiis, p.) 
 
 Lych E, man or woniann. (Z/«'^'-«<*, p.) 
 
 Lycoryce (or lycuryce, p.) Li- 
 quericia,c.F. (lingricia, licori- 
 cia, p.) 
 
 Lycure (lycowre, s.) Liquor. 
 
 Lycure, or brothe of fysche, and 
 o|)er lyke. Liqtiamen, c at h. c. f. 
 
 Lyde, wesselle hyllynge (lyde, or 
 lede, p.) Operculum. 
 
 Lyder, or wyly (liyire, or wily, K. 
 lydyr, n. ledyr, s. lydir, p.)- 
 Cautus, et alia infra in wyly 
 (cautulosus, p.) 
 
 Lydron, or lyderon (lydrun, or 
 lyderyn, ii. p. lyderon, or lydron, 
 s.)-* Lidorus. Hec quedaia glosa 
 super correctione Biblie. 
 
 Lye, supra in leye. 
 
 Lye, or lyes of wyne (ly3e, s. p.) 
 Lia, c. F. tartarum, c. f. 
 
 Lyfe. Vita. 
 
 Lyyf, hooly. Devotus, sanctits. 
 
 Lyftyn'. Levo. 
 
 Lyftyn' vp. Suhlevo, pendo, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 (Lyggyn, infra in lyyn.) 
 Lythe, idem quod lym (or 
 membre), infra.^ 
 
 of Abp. Peckham, 1280, which sets forth the articles to be provided by the parishioners, 
 these bells are designated as " campance manuales pro morluis." Wilk. Cone. ii. -19. 
 Of the local use of the term lich-gate, signifying the outer gate of the cemetery, beneath 
 ■which the corpse is placed, whilst awaiting the officiating minister, see the Glossary of 
 Architecture, Cheshire and Shropshire Glossaries. In the West, the path by which the 
 corpse is carried to the grave is known as the leach-way ; in Cheshire it is called the 
 lich-road. Coles gives " lich fowles, carcass bird, scritch-owls, night-ravens." 
 
 1 The term liege is commonly used by the old writers in the two- fold sense which is 
 here given to it, denoting both the cliief and the subject, as bound by the liyantia, or 
 bond whereby they were reciprocally connected. Palsgrave gives only " Lege lorde, 
 souerayn, lier/e." See Spelman and Ducange, v. Ligius. 
 
 ■ Leder, MS. Lither, or Udder, has in the North the signification of idle or sluggish. 
 In the Vis. of P. Ploughman the expression " luther sleuthe '' occurs ; and " lithere " in 
 King Estmere. One of the evils of the times enumerated in the curious lines, Roy. 
 MS. 7 A. VI. f. 38, b. is that " Lex is layde, and lethyrly lukes." Tusser speaks of 
 the unprofitableness of the " litherly lubber." Lyndsay uses the word " lidder " in the 
 sense of backward or shy, whicli approaches more nearly to that assigned to it in the 
 Promptorium. '' Desidieux, idle, lazie, lither, slouthfull. Ignuve, lazy, lither," &c. 
 coTG. "lAther, fingard, festa7-d, faineant, nice, oisif, paresseux.^' sherw. See 
 Brockett, v. Lither, and Jamieson, w. Lidder. 
 
 •• In the description of the march of Alexander's army tlie poet describes the various 
 classes of which the host was composed, high and low, knight and knave, 
 " Mony baroun, ful wel y-thewed, 
 
 Mony ledron, mony schrcwe." K. Alis. 3210. 
 
 Weber explains the word ledron as signifying here a leper, or any mean person. 
 Skelton uses the word, in the poem entitled Sclaunder, and false detractions. 
 " But my learning is of an other degree. 
 
 To taunt theim like lyddrons, lewde as they be." 
 " Laideron, somewhat ugly, pretty and foule." cotg. It must, however, be observed 
 that as lidorus has not been found in the Latin glossarists, it cannot be asserted posi- 
 
 tively that i.YDRoN is to be taken in this sense in the Promptorium. 
 
 4 The term " lithes," occurring in Havelok, 2163, is explained by Sir F. Madden 
 
 as
 
 304 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Lythe fro lythe, or lym fro lym. 
 
 Memhratim. 
 Lyghte, or bryghtnesse (liht of 
 
 brytnes, K. lythj, h. light, p.) 
 
 Lux, lumen. 
 Lyghte, or wyghte (liht of wyhte, 
 
 K. light of weight ormesure, p.)^ 
 
 Levis, 
 Lyght of knowynge, or werkynge. 
 
 Facilis. 
 Lyghte, or J)at jjynge J^atyevythe 
 
 lyghte, as sunne, and candel, and 
 
 o|)er lyke. Liirninare. 
 Lyghte foote (liht fotyd, k.) 
 
 Levijjes, UG. in alo, alipes, c. f. 
 
 acupedius, ug. in acuo. 
 Lyghte handyd. Manulevis, 
 
 alicirus. 
 Lyght hertyd. Letifer. 
 Lyghteyn', or kyndelyii' fj^yr or 
 
 candelys (or lyjtnyn candelys, or 
 
 odyr lyhtys, s.) Accendo. 
 Lyghtyn chargys or byrdenys (or 
 
 wyhtys, K. wettys, s.) Deonero. 
 Lyghteyn', or make wyghtys 
 
 more esy (lightyn burdens, heuy 
 
 weightis, p.) AUevio. 
 Lyghtely, or sone. Leviter. 
 Lyghtly, or esyly. Faciliter. 
 Lyghtenyn', or leuenyn'(lithnyn, 
 
 as levyn, k. lyhtyn, s.) Co- 
 
 Tusccit, fuhnino. 
 
 Lyght(e)nynge (or leuene, p.) 
 
 Coyuscacio, fidgur, fulrnen. 
 Lyghtesum, or fuUe of lyghte. 
 
 Luminosus, 
 Lyghtesum, or esy (lihtsum, k.) 
 
 Facilis. 
 Lyghtesumnesse, or esynesse. 
 
 Facilitas. 
 Lyghtesumnesse, of bryghte- 
 
 nes (or lyht, s,) Luminositas. 
 Lyyn, or lyggyn (lyin, or ligyn, 
 
 K.) Jaceo, CATH. 
 Lyyn' yn, or yn chylde bedde (liyn 
 
 in of childe in childe bed, p.) 
 
 Decuho, c. F. 
 Lyyn, or make a lesynge (ly3yn, 
 
 or gabbyn, h.) Mentior. 
 Lyke. Hoc instar. 
 Lyke, in lykenesse. Similis. 
 Lykdysshe. Scurra, c. f. et 
 
 CATH. papas, UG. in popa. 
 Lykerowse. Amhroninus, de- 
 
 licatus, deliciosus. 
 Lykerowsnesse. DeJicacia. 
 Lykyn', or haue lyste (or plesyn, 
 
 K. p, lykyn or lystyn, s.) De- 
 lector. 
 Lykynge, or luste (lyste, s.) 
 
 Delectacio. 
 Lykynge, or lusty, or craske. 
 
 Delicativus, crassus (delecta- 
 
 tivus, s.) 
 
 signifying the toes, the extreme articulations. In the Grene Knight, 56, the expression 
 " wounded both lim and lighth " is found; and in Syr Gawene and the Carle, 190, 
 " lyme and lythe." The usher of King Arthur's court is described as repulsing Sir 
 Cleges with these discourteous words, 
 
 " I schall the bette euery leth, 
 Hade and body, wythout greth, 
 
 Yf thou make more pressynge." Sir Cleges, 292. 
 See also Cant. Tales, 14,881 ; Townel. Myst.,'J27 ; and the citations given by Jamieson. 
 Ang.-Sax. lit!, arttis. " Oute of lythe, dislocaitis, luxns.'' oath. ang. It should be 
 noticed that the order of the Harl. MS. has been here left unaltered ; possibly the word 
 wag written by the first hand lygthe, as would appear by the alphabetical arrangement.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Ly KEN A RE, or he )jat lykenythe. 
 AssimUator, assimilatrLv. 
 
 Lykenesse. Shnilitudo, effigies, 
 assimilacio, instar, cath. 
 
 Lykenesse, fygure, or forme (fi- 
 gure off forme, s.) Figura, 
 forma. 
 
 Lykenyd. Assimilatus. 
 
 Lyknyn'. Similo, assimilo. 
 
 (Lykxyxge, s. Assimilacio.) 
 
 Lykkare, or he J)at lykkythe. 
 Lecator, UG. (lambitor, p.) 
 
 Lykkyx, as beestys wythetongys. 
 
 Li»gO, CATH. 
 
 Lykky(n)ge of howndys, or o}>er 
 beestys. Lictus, licacio, vel lica- 
 citas : hec omnia ug. in lingo. 
 
 Lykpot fyngyr.^ Index. 
 
 Lyly, herbe. LiJium. 
 
 Lym, or membre (or lythe, supra.) 
 Memhrum. 
 
 Lyme, or mortare. Calx. 
 
 Lyme, to take wythe byrdys. 
 Viscus. 
 
 Lyme jerde. Viminarium, comm. 
 viscarium (yirga viscilenta, s.) 
 
 Lymyn wythe bryd Ijone. Visco. 
 
 Lyme wythe lyme, idem quod 
 wiiYTON wythe Ivme, infra in 
 W.2 (lymyn or whytlymyn, k. 
 qhythlymyn, ii. qwytyn, s.) 
 
 (Lymows, stipra in (jleymows. 
 Limosus, viscosiis, glutinosus.) 
 
 Lyncent, werkyijge instrument 
 for sylke women (lyncet, a 
 werkynge stole, k. h. p.)'* Li- 
 niarium, kylw. 
 
 Lyynde, tre. Tilia, c. f. 
 
 Lyne, or rope. Corda, funiculus 
 (^cordula, p.) 
 
 Ly(n)ge of the hethe (lynge, or 
 hethe, k.)^ Bruera, vel brneria, 
 c. F. mirica, secundum multos, 
 et tim.us secundum extraneos 
 altellos (aliarum terraricm, p.) 
 
 LYYXGE,orgabbynge. J/<?;2(7«cn/m. 
 
 Lyynge, or lyggynge. Jacencia. 
 
 Lyynge yn, of chylde bedde. 
 Decnhie, c. f. 
 
 Lyne, or lynye. Linea. 
 
 Lyne age, or awncetrye. Ejfe- 
 mum, c. F. (^escenium, s.) 
 
 la the other MSS. as likewise in the printed editions, this and the succeeding nouns 
 and adjectives, as far as lyghtesumnesse, or bryghtenesse, are placed differently, 
 being found after lystleshede, as if written lythe, &c. In all the MSS. and the 
 printed editions the verbs are placed between lyspyn and lyvyn, as if written 
 lytenyn, lytyn, &c. 
 
 ' " A lykpotte, index, demonstraiivvs." cath. axg. 
 
 3 — idem qt(od v/hyly, infra in'M. us. See whyton wythe lyme. Calcifico,decalceo. 
 
 3 This word may perhaps be read ly'NCEut. An entry occurs in the Household 
 Book of Sir John Howard, 14b'5, " for a lynset, viij.</." p. 483. " Licia, be thredes, 
 whych sylk women do weaue in lyncelles or stooles." elyot. 
 
 ■* Compare hethe, or lynge, fowaly, p. 238. This name of the Calltina ruiffaris, 
 Linn, occurs in the Tale of Robin Hood, Hartsh. Metr. T. 189. It is still retained in 
 the North, according to Brockett ; but Jamieson states that in Scotland various species 
 of grass growing in mossy ground are called ling. In Arund. MS. 42, f. 23 b. it is said 
 that " in W'ilteshire nere Shaftesbery, is an heth hat groweh ful of I'at (Junipere femel) 
 and of lynk, and l>e lynk is heyere i>a.n l>at, and is faste by an heyh wcy." " Erica, 
 brya silvestris, sweete-broome, heath, or linge." Junius, by Higins. Skinner gives 
 ling as the common appellation of heath in Lincolnshire. Moore says that in Suffolk 
 it signifies the turf of heath or heather. Dan. lyng ; Isl. ling,yrt</cj', species ericee. 
 
 CAMD. SOC. 
 
 'J R
 
 30G 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Lynyd, as clothys. DupUcatus, 
 
 liniatus, garnitus. 
 Lynyn' clothys. Duplo, duplico. 
 Lynynge of clothe. Deploys 
 
 (duplicatura, p.) 
 Lynyne clothe, oi* clojje of flax. 
 
 Lineiis. 
 Lynyolf, or inniolf, threde to 
 
 sow wythe schone or botys 
 
 (lynolf, H. p. to sew wyth shon', 
 
 or bokys, s.)' Indula, c. f. lici- 
 
 niicrn, Dice, et kylw. 
 Lynke, or sawcistre.2 Hilla, 
 
 hirna, c. F. utrumgue UG. in 
 
 hirquits, scdcia, ug. ibidem. 
 Lynx, schauynge of lynen clothe. 
 
 Carpea, secundum sururgicos 
 
 et c. F. 
 
 Lyone (or lyvn', s.) Leo. 
 Lyonesse. Leonissa (vel lea, s.) 
 Lyowre, to bynde wythe precyows 
 
 clothys.^ Ligatorium, redimi- 
 
 culum, CATH. et c. f. (vitta, p.) 
 Lyppe. JLabium, labrum ; et 
 
 nota quod labium est hominis, 
 
 et labrum vasis : hec ug. v. 
 
 in L. 
 Lyquyde, or moyste. Liquidus, 
 
 liquus, c. F. 
 Lyspare. Blesus, hlesa, sibilus, 
 
 sibila, CATH. 
 Lyspyn yn speche. Sibilo. 
 (Lyspynge, k. s. p. Sibilatus, ble- 
 
 sura, CATH.) 
 Lyst, or lykynge (or talent, 
 
 itifra.) Delectacio. 
 
 1 Lignioid, or Uynel, signifies, according to Roquefort, the strong thread used by 
 shoemakers or saddlers. " Lignoid, ligneul, shoomaker's thread, or a latching end." 
 COTG. Brocket gives liniel as a word still in use in the North. Compare Lingan and 
 Lingel, which have the like meaning; Jamieson. " Lyngell that souters sowe with, 
 chefgros, Ugnier. Lynger to sowe with, jjoulcier.^' palsg. This term denotes also 
 a thong or strap. " Lingula, a lachet or lingell. Cohum, a thouge or lyngell, wher- 
 with the oxe-bowe and the yoke are bounden together." elyot. " A lingel, lingula, 
 ligula." GOULDM. See Nares. 
 
 • Forby gives " link, a sausage ; we call two together a latch of links. In some 
 counties a far more correct expression is used, a link of sausages." Links have the 
 same meaning in Suffolk, and Ray speaks of black-puddings, or links, as a term used 
 in the South. See Hops, North C. words. " Andouille, a linke, or chitterling ; a 
 big hogs-gut stuffed witli small guts, cut into small pieces, and seasoned with pepper 
 and salt. Friquenelles, slender and small chitterlings, or linkes." cotg. 
 
 3 Compare frkngk, or lyowre. Tenia. In the third book of the Boke of Curtasye, 
 de Officlarii.s in curiis dominornm, it is said that the garciones, or grooms, were to 
 make pallet beds, and beds for lords, 
 
 " That henget shalle be with hole sylour, 
 With crochettes and loupys sett on lyour." 
 
 Sloane MS. 1986. 
 
 That is, with hooks and eyes sown to the binding of the bed-furniture. In the House- 
 hold Book of Sir John Howard payments appear, in 14G'5, to " the bedmaker at London 
 for x./?'. lyere for the grete costere, v.«." for canvas, and making the " costeres." 
 Househ. Exp. in England, presented to the Roxburghe Club by B. Botfield, Esq. p. 48G. 
 In the Wardrobe accounts of Edw. IV. edited by Sir H. Nicolas, a delivery appears in 
 14iiO, for the office of the beds, of S.'Slb. " corde, and Hour for liring and lowping " of 
 certain hangings of arras. See further in the Indexes to those accounts, and the Privy 
 Purse Expenses of Eliz. of York, \C>o:i.
 
 PUOMI'TOKIUM PAriVULOKUM. 
 
 307 
 
 Lyst, or fre wylle. Arbitrium, 
 
 libitum, 
 Lystare, clothe dyynge (or ly- 
 
 taster of cloj) dyynge, s. lytstar, 
 
 v.y Tincfor. 
 Lyyst of clothe. Forago, cath. 
 Lyyst, or lysure. Stropliium 
 
 (CATH. s.) 
 Lyyste, lysure, or schrede, or 
 
 chyppyngys, what so euer hyt 
 
 be. Pi-eseginen, c. f. 
 Lysty (or lusty, infra.) Delec- 
 
 tabilis. 
 (Lystyly, inft'ci in lustyly.) 
 Lyysterre (lystyr, h. lystore, 
 
 s. listyr, p.)- Lector (delec- 
 
 tor, s.) 
 
 Lystyn, or herkyn'. Asculto. 
 (Lystyn, or lykyn, sujira in 
 
 LYKYN, S.) 
 
 Lystles. Desidiosuff, segnis. 
 Lystles-hede. Segnicies, de- 
 
 sidia, CATU. 2iigi'icict. 
 (Lysure, supra in lyst, s.)'^ 
 Lytere of a bed.^ Stratus, stra- 
 
 torium, c. f. 
 Lytere, or strowynge of horse, 
 
 and other beestys. Stramentum, 
 
 subsisternium, 
 Lytere, or forthe brynggynge of 
 
 beestys. Fetus, fetura, c. f. 
 (LiTH, liht, lihtnynge, lihtsum, 
 
 lihtsumnesse, &c. K. H. s. p. vide 
 
 supra.y' 
 
 1 '• Tincfor, a litster, or heuster." med. Sir Thos. Phillipps'MS. " llnctor, tinC' 
 <n>, a lyster." ortus. " A littester, tinctor, tinrtrix." cath. ang. Walsingham 
 relates that the Commons made a rising in the Eastern Counties, in 1380, at the 
 time of Jack Straw's rebellion, their leader in Norfolk being " rjnodam fmctoi-e de 
 Nurwico, cujus nomen erat Johannes Littestere," who called himself King of the 
 Commons, and was beheaded by the Bp. of Norwich : ed. Camd. 9.63. In the Paston 
 Letters, iii. 424, mention occurs of another Norwich " lyster." The word occurs also 
 in the Towneley Mysteries. At Lynn, where the Promptorium was compiled, the 
 continuation of Broad Street, otherwise Websters Row, is called Lister Gate Street. 
 See Jamieson. 
 
 '^ The reader, who occupied the second place in the holy orders of the Church, is 
 probably here intended. In the Vision of P. Ploughman mention is made of " lymi- 
 tours and listres ;" 2747. Mr. Wright, however, supposes that the word signifies 
 deceivers. 
 
 ^ The term "User" occurs in the Vision of P. Ploughman, 2891, in connection with 
 the " drapiers," or weavers of cloth. " Lisiire, the list of cloth, or of stuffe ; the 
 edge, or hem of a garment." cotg. Palsgrave gives also " Lyste of clothe, lisiere. 
 I lyste a garment, or border it rounde aboute with a lyst, ie bende d'line lisiere. I 
 haue lysted my cote within to make it laste better, am nat I a good housebande ' Lyste 
 on a horse backe, raye. Lyste of theeare, mol de Voraylle." Compare schrede, and 
 STEMYNE, or stodul, or stothe yn a webb3'shonde (in a webbys eend, s.) Forayo. 
 
 * The process of making " litere " for beds is set forth in the chapter on the duties 
 of the grooms, ^' ffarciomtm." Sloane MS. 1986. Boke of Curtasye, ed. Halliwell, 
 
 p. 19. 
 
 5 In the other MSS. the words from lytiie to lyghtestmnesse, given above, 
 pp. 303, 304, are placed here. They are not, however, in all cases written in conformity 
 with this position in the alphabetical arrangement, beins mostly in the King's Coll. MS. 
 written Liht, Lihtsum, &c. ; in Sir Tlios. Phillipps' MS. Lyth3, or bryghtnesse, &c. ; 
 and in the Winch. MS. Lyth, Lyjth, Lyhth, Lyhtsum. These irregularities are to be attri- 
 buted to the second hand, who, writing by ear, vitiated the spelling of the original MS.
 
 308 
 
 I'ROMPTORIUM PARVULORU.M. 
 
 Lytyl, or sumwhatt. Painimy 
 
 modicum, adv. 
 Lytylle, not grete yn quantite. 
 
 Paivus, modicus (^paucus, p.) 
 Lytylle better. Meliusculns. 
 Lytylle chylde. Puerulus, 
 
 piisius, CATii. parvulus, pjtisio, 
 
 jjusillus, c. F. 
 Lytyl feythe (or \e^ie, supra; 
 
 liril fevjt, k. lytyll in feyth, p.) 
 
 Pidecula, cath. 
 Lytylle lyare. 3Iendaculus, 
 
 CATH. mendacula. 
 (Lytyll mayden, p. PueJla.) 
 Lytylle mann. Hotnuneio, ho- 
 
 mullus, homunculus. 
 Lytylle mann, or dwerfe (litil- 
 
 man or dwarw, k. dwerwe, ii. s. 
 
 dwerue, p.) Nanus, c. f. ses- 
 
 silluS, CATH. 
 
 Lytylle thynge. Recula. 
 
 Lytyn' clothys (littyn, k. p. lytyn, 
 
 or lete, s.)^ Tingo. 
 Lytyn', or longe taryyfi'.^ Moror. 
 Lytynge of clothe (littinge, k, p.) 
 
 Tinctufa. 
 Lytynge, or longe taryynge. 
 
 Mora, morositas. 
 
 (LYTSTARE,*?/J»ro mLISTARE, S.) 
 
 Lyvely, or qwyk, or f'ulle of lyyf 
 
 (liyfly, ful of liyf, k.) Vivax. 
 Lyvely, or qwykly (liyfly, k.) 
 
 Vivaciter. 
 LEVELYHEEDE,orqwyknesse(liyf- 
 
 lines, K.) Vivacitas. 
 Lyvelode, or lyfhode (liyflode, 
 
 K.)3 Victiis. 
 Lyflode, or warysone (liyflode, 
 
 K. lyuelode, n. p.)"^ Donati- 
 
 vum. 
 Lyverey of clothe, or o]?er jyftys.^ 
 
 Liber ata (Uberatura, v.) 
 
 1 " Tinyo, to dye, to coloure, or to lytte." med. " To litte, colorare, ivficere, 
 tingere, tinctare. A littynge, tincticra.^^ cath. ang. Ray gives " to lit, to colour 
 or dye : a linendo, sup. Utuni.''^ N. Country words. It is also given by Jamieson, but 
 is not noticed by Brockett, or the other Northern Glossarists. Isl. Hta, tinfjere. 
 
 ^ In the Vis. of P. P. 12,067, the good Samaritan is described as hastily quitting 
 the dreamer, saying, "I may no lengerlette." See also ll,r)24. A.-Sax. latian, /arrfare. 
 
 3 —lyshode, MS. 
 
 •> Compare waryson. Donativum, possessio. The term here implies a pension for 
 services; a largess in money or grain; a dole given to veteran soldiers. '^Dona- 
 tivum, yifte of knyghte. Emericio est liberacio ub officio cum remuneracione, a ware- 
 sone." MED. 
 
 * A livery denoted whatever was dispensed by the lord to his officials or domestics 
 annually, or at certain seasons ; whether money, victuals, or garments. Even in the 
 Saxon times there apjiears to have been a distribution of this nature, the ;qafol-hwitel, 
 saya vectiyalis, of the Laws of Ina, which was, as S]ielman observes, a kind of livery. 
 The term chiefly denoted external marks of distinction, such as the rnba estiiuilis, and 
 hiemalis, given to the officers and retainers of the Court, as appears by the Wardrobe 
 Book, 28 Edw. I. p. .'110, and the Household Ordinances. The practice of distributing 
 such tokens of general adlierence to the service or interests of the individual who 
 granted them, for the maintenance of any private quarrel, was carried to an injurious 
 extent during the reigns of Edw. III. and Rich. II. and was forbidden by several 
 statutes, which allowed liveries to be borne only by menials, or the members of gilds, 
 Ike. See Stat, of Realm, ii. pp. 3, 7-4, {).'$, ITjO, KiT- The " livcrce dcs chapeiovs," 
 often mcntioneil in these documents, was an hood or tippet, which, being of a colour 
 fctrongly contrasted to that of the garuieut, was a kind of livery much in fashion, and
 
 FROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 309 
 
 Lyveresone.' Corroclium, UG. v. 
 Lyvyn', or havyn' lyyf. Vivo, 
 dego, CATii. 
 
 Lyvyr, wythe-yn beestys body 
 
 (lyuyr or leuyr, p.) Epar. 
 Lyvyr worte, herbe. Epatica. 
 
 well adapted to serve as a distinctive mark. Tliis, in later times, assumed the form of 
 a round cap, to which veas appended the long liripipium , which might be rolled around 
 the head, but more commonly was worn hanging over the arm, and vestiges of it may 
 still be traced in the dress of civic livery-men. The Stat. 7 Henry IV. exjjressly per- 
 mits the adoption of such distinctive dress by fraternities, and " les gentz de tnesfer-e," 
 the trades of the cities of the realm, being ordained with good intent ; and to this pre- 
 valent usage Chaucer alludes where he describes five artificers of various callings, who 
 joined the pilgrimage, clothed all " in o livere of a solempne and grete fraternite." 
 Prol. V. 365. By the same Stat, lords, knights, and esquires were allowed, in time of 
 war, to distinguish their retainers by similar external marks, the prototypes of military 
 uniforms. In the metrical paraphrase of Vegecius, entitled " Of Knyghthode and 
 Batayle," Cott. MS. Titus, A. xxiii. f. 22, it is said that ancient usage had ordained 
 three kinds of signs in an army, vocal, semivocal, as trumpet or clarion, and a third 
 which is noiseless, 
 
 " And mute it bight, or dombe, as is dragoun, 
 Or th'egil, or th'ymage, or the penoun, 
 Baner, pensel, plesaunce, or tufte, or creste, 
 Or lyuereys on shilder, arm, or breste." 
 
 In this passage the collar is evidently one of the liveries to which allusion is made. It 
 was much in fashion at the time when the Promptorium was compiled. See coller, 
 or lyuerey, p. 87 ; and the curious dissertations on collars of the royal livery, by Mr. 
 J. G. Nichols, Gent. Mag. 1842. Much information respecting external distinctions, 
 as the original of uniforms, will be found in the Traite des marques iiationales, by 
 Beneton de Peyrins. " A lyveray of c\oVa.e, liberata ; hie et hec liberatalis." oath. 
 ANG. " Lyueray gyuen of a gentylman, liueree." palsg. See Douce's lUustr. of 
 Shakesp. Taming of the Shrew, Act IV. 
 
 1 II Corrodium, a lyuerey in a abbaye." med. Harl. MS. 2257. " A lyveray of 
 mete, corrodium.''' cath. ang. Conredium, corredum, or coi'rodium, implied gene- 
 rally an alimony or allowance, ^' prcebenda monachi vel canonici." duc. Thus in the 
 Custumal of Evesham it is directed that for a whole year after the decease of an abbot 
 or monk, his entire " conredium '' should be allowed, to be given to the poor, for the 
 good of his soul." Mon. Ang. i. 149. The term " livrere — liueray " occurs in this 
 sense of a daily pittance for food, Amis and Amil. 1640, 1659; in the Household 
 Ordinances the daily allowance of meat and drink received by each individual is com- 
 monly termed his livery, and the livery cupboard was the buffet appointed in apart- 
 ments of greater state to receive this provision at certain times. The term corrody 
 implied also more particularly a kind of pension, either for life or in reversion, with 
 which a monastery was charged, granted by the founder to a kinsman or retainer, or by 
 the house for service rendered, or some valuable consideration. The Sovereign instituted 
 corrodies in favour of royal dependants, and Spelman observes that 119 monasteries, 
 charged with one, and in some cases two such corrodies, were, as it may thence be 
 supposed, of royal foundation. The injurious practice by heads of monasteries, who 
 made traffic in such pensions for their own advantage, was restricted by the Constitutions 
 of the Legate Othoboni, in l'2G7 , wliicii forbade tliem to sell and charge their estab- 
 lishments with " liberationes seu corrodia," especially when granted in perpetuity. See 
 further the notes of Joh. de Athona, Constit. Legatin. p. 150, ed. 1679; and Ducange, 
 r. Conredium,
 
 310 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Lyye, or lythe, stylle and softe 
 
 (ly})e, stifle, k. light, p.)' Tran- 
 
 quillus. 
 Lythe, and softe yn felynge. 
 
 Mollis, lenis, cum n. non cum 
 
 V. Anglice, sraothe. 
 Lythe, wythe-owte wynde, and 
 
 calme (lyye, or lythe, s.) Cul- 
 
 mus, c. F. 
 Lyye, or lythe, and calme wedyr. 
 
 Malacia, c. f. 
 (Lythe, and not sharp in taste, 
 
 s. Suavis.^ 
 
 Loburyone, blake or wyghte 
 
 snayle. Limax. 
 Loce, or loos, vnbownidyri'. So- 
 
 lutus. 
 Loche, or leche, fysche.^ Fun- 
 
 clulus, c. F. 
 Locchester, wyrm, idem quod 
 
 LOKEDORE, infra (loccester, or 
 
 lokcester, s.)^ 
 LooDE, or caryage. Vectura. 
 LoDYSMANNE.'* Vector, lator, 
 
 vehicularius. 
 LooF of brede. Panis. 
 
 1 The different significations of the word lythe here given are to be deduced from the 
 Ang.-Sax. h5, tener, mitis. As applied to the elements it occurs in Emare. 
 
 " The wynde stode as her lust wore, 
 
 The wether was lythe on le." 833 ; Ritson, Metr. R. ii. 
 
 In the Seuyn Sages, 2517, when the caldron, which was discovered boiling with seven 
 <' walmes," had been stilled by the directions of Merlin, it is said that the water 
 " bicom faire and lithe." In the sense of soft to the touch lythe is used by Chaucer, 
 Dream, 953 ; H. of Fame, i. 119. " Ly3th, or sotylle, agilis, Itvis, efficax." Vocab. 
 Roy. MS. 17 C. xvii. " Lethe, delyuer of ones lymmes, sotiple. Lythenesse, de- 
 lyuernesse, sovplesse.'" palsg. " fllol, soft, supple, tender, lithe, limber." cotg. Bp. 
 Kennett gives lithe as used in the North in the sense of soft or flexible ; see likewise 
 Craven Dial, and Jamieson. The compound word lith-wake is also used there; Ang.- 
 Sax. lilSewac ; Gloss. yElfr. Jul. A. II. Bp. Kennett cites Davies' Rites of Durham, 
 105, where it is related that the body of St. Cuthbert was found uncorrupted, flexible, 
 and " leath-wake ;" and remarks "jipo^jm* lith-wake, a -Soar, li'5, membrum, et. wace, 
 flewtbilis. A lith-wake man, a clever, nimble fellow. Durham." Lansd. MS. 1033, 
 Compare Craven Dial. " Lith wayke,/e^?'6/7i*." oath. ang. The word occurs in 
 the Hymn to the Holy Ghost, by W. Herebert; MS. in the possession of Sir Thos. 
 Phillipps. 
 
 " Ther oure body is leothe-wok, 3yf strengthe vrom aboue." Rel. Ant. i. 229. 
 
 The verb tolitben, Ang.-Sax. liSian, ZewtVe, is used by Chaucer, Troil. iv. 754; in 
 Arund. MS. 42, f. 42, b. one of the virtues of l/ardana is stated to be that "it lyhyn 
 nayles )>at ben scabbe and sore ;" and of " squylle — if it ben etyn with hony, it lythe^ 
 wombe." f. 53, b. 
 
 2 " /llosa, i. fundnlus, a loche." ortus. Colitis harhata, Linn. "Loche, the 
 loach, a small fish. Lochelte, a groundling, or small-bearded loach. Locher, to shog, 
 shake, shock, wag." cotg. It has been suggested that this fish may have been so named 
 in allusion to its singularly restless habits. 
 
 8 " Loche, the dew snaile, or snaile without a shell." cotg. Menage remarks, 
 " peut-ttre d'etuca. Eruca, ruca, Inca, loche.^' 
 
 * " Plauxtrnm, vehicnbtm duarum rotarum, a lode, or a wayne." ortus. The 
 Lodesman seems to be here the carrier, Ang.-Sax. ladman, fZwc^or. Compare the use 
 of the verb i.edk wythe a carte, p. 292. Possibly, however, the etymon hlad, onus,
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 311 
 
 LooFT, or soler. Solarium. 
 LoGGE, or lytylle howse. Teges, 
 
 CATH. casa (tega, p.) 
 LoGGE yn an hylle (lodge of a 
 
 wareyne, H. p.) Perguluin, 
 
 CATii. UG. in rege. 
 Loggyn', or herberwyn'j or bon 
 
 herbervyd (lodgyn or hai'bor- 
 
 owen, p.) Hospitor. 
 Loytron', or byn ydyl. Ocior. 
 LoK of schyttynge, or sperynge. 
 
 Sera. 
 LoK of hey, or oJ)erlyke. Vola. 
 LoK of hero. Cincinnus, kylw. 
 LoK of wulle. FIoccus, ug. injlo. 
 
 LOKE, 
 
 spery 
 
 ng-e of a dore or 
 
 wyndow (loke of sperynge, as 
 dore or wyndowe, K.)^ Vulva. 
 Loke, or palme of wulle. Palma. 
 
 LoKnoRE, wyrme (or locchester, 
 
 supra.)' Multipes, c. F. (^et 
 
 UG. p.) 
 Loke, or lokynge of J)e eye. 
 
 Visits, aspectus, inspeccio. 
 Lokere. Cistella, cistula, cap- 
 
 cella, CO MM. 
 Lokyn', or seene. Video, respicio, 
 
 aspicio, intuor, contemplor . 
 Lokyn a-bowte. Circumspicio. 
 Lokyn' yn a thynge. Inspicio. 
 Lokynge, idem quod loke, 
 
 supra. 
 Lokkyn', or schette wythe a lokke. 
 
 Sero. 
 Lokkyn', or barryii'. Obsero, 
 
 ug. in sereno. 
 LoKSMYTHE. Serefaher. 
 LoLLARDE.3 Lollardus,Lollarda. 
 
 may be preferred, as expressive of the burden conveyed by him. Lodesman generally 
 signifies the leader of a ship, — a pilot, as the term is used by Chaucer, Legend of Hip- 
 siphile, and by Gower. In the Wardrobe Book 28 Edw. I. p. 273, a payment appears 
 ^^ pro vadiis unius lodmanni conducli pro nave guiajidd,^' apparently bringing supplies 
 to Karlaverok. " Lodesman of a shippe, pilofle." palsg. " Lodesman, a guide, 
 perductor." gouldm. See Jamieson, i\ Ledisman. In Stat. 31 Edw. III. c. 2, a 
 fishing vessel is named, termed a " lode ship." 
 
 1 An evident distinction is here made between loke, meaning apparently the leaf of 
 a door, or shutter, and lock of a door, in its ordinary sense. In both cases the term 
 is taken from Ang.-Sax. loc, claustrum, sera. In the Register of W. Curteys, 
 Abbot of Bury, now in the possession of Edm. Woodhouse, Esq. an Indenture is pre- 
 served, dated 1438, for the performance of certain carpenter's work in the chapel of St. 
 John at Hille, Bury, by John Heywod, of Ditton, Camb. in which the following clause 
 occurs : " And to eythir dore of the same chapel he shal do maken a louke of estriche 
 borde competent.'' It seems here to denote what is commonly called the wicket, or 
 hatch of a door ; valva is rendered in the Medulla " a wyket ;" and this signification is 
 more clearly defined in tlie Ortus : " Valva est ostium, vel porta parva iti. viajori ex- 
 istens." In the Promptorium wicket is given as synonymous with a little window. 
 
 - In the Latin-English Vocabuhiry, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. under A^omina rermium, 
 t. 55, b. is given " AJulfipes, lugdorre." Jamieson states that the Liimbricus maritius, 
 Linn, a worm which is dug out of the sand, and used for bait, is called a lug. The 
 name dor denoted a beetle or chafer, but more properly a drone. A. -Sax. dorn, /kcus. 
 
 3 " /iposiaticus, i. perversus, & renegate or a LoUarde. Hereticus, errans in Jide, 
 an heretyke, or Lollarde." ortus. " Lollar, heretiqiie." The sect of Lollards ap- 
 pears to have arisen in Germany as early as 1309, according to Hocsemius, and the 
 rise of Lollardy in this country during the reign of Richard II. was probably due to 
 the influence of his alliance with Anne of Bohemia. Knyghton states that the " JVi/c- 
 liviani, qui el Lollardi dicti sunf," flourished and increased about 1387; and gives a
 
 dl2 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 LoMBE, yonge schepe. Agnus, 
 
 ague U us. 
 LooME, or instrument (loombe, s.) 
 
 Utensile, instriimentum. 
 LooME of webbarys crafte (of 
 
 webstare, k. p.) Telarium. 
 (LoNCHE, Supra in dunche.^ 
 
 Sonitus, strepitics.) 
 LoND. Terra, tellus (solum, p.) 
 LoNDYD, or indwyd wythe lond. 
 
 Terradotatus. 
 LoNDE fro schyppe, and water. 
 
 Appelln, CATH. applico, cath. 
 LoNDYD fro schyppe, and watur. 
 
 Applicitus, appUcatus. 
 LoNDYNGE fro schyppe, and watur. 
 
 Applicacio, CATH. in plico. 
 Lond i vyl, sekenesse (londe euyll, 
 
 p.)2 Epilencia. 
 Lone, or lendynge. Mut{ii)acio, 
 
 accommodacio. 
 Long, yn quantyte of bodyly 
 
 thyngys. Longus. 
 Longe, yn doynge, or werkynge. 
 
 Prolixus. 
 
 Longe, yn taryynge, or mevynge 
 
 (yn abydyng, k.) Morosus. 
 Longe, yn tyme (or long tyme, 
 
 K.) Diutine, diic, diuturne. 
 Longyn', or desyryn'. Desidero, 
 
 opto, affect 0. 
 Longyn', or belongyii to athynge 
 
 (belongyn to a-nother, k. p. 
 
 been longyn, s.) Pertineo, 
 
 consto, CATH. attineo. 
 Longynge, hertyly desyry(n)ge 
 
 (hertely desyre, s.) Desiderium, 
 
 Optacio, CATH. 
 
 LoYNE of flesche (lony, s.) Lum- 
 
 bus,elumhus, UG. v. in N. literd. 
 LoRDE. Dominus, herus, kirius. 
 Lordly. Dominativus. 
 Lordly. Do^ninanter (doinina- 
 
 tive, p.) 
 Lordlynesse. Dominacio, he- 
 
 rilitas. 
 Lordschyppe. Dominium, pre- 
 
 dium, c. F. et brit. 
 (LoRDscHYPPYN, or been lorde, 
 
 s. Dominor.^ 
 
 summary of their peculiar opinions. Ed. Twysden, col. 2706. Tlie derivation of the 
 name has been much discussed ; some with Chaucer, Lyndwode, and Fox tracing it to 
 lolium, as comparing them to the darnel among the wheat — others to the name of an 
 early promoter of the heresy. The suggestion, however, of Ducange, that it was taken 
 from Lollaerd, mussitntor, seems most reasonable. Gower speaks in his Prologue of 
 " this newe secte of Lollardye.'' 
 
 > In the Harl. MS. this word seems to denote only a sudden or boisterous noise ; but 
 the King's Coll. MS. gives Dvnche, and Pynson's edition Dunchinge, or lunchinge, as 
 signifying tuncio, percussio. In Norfolk, according to Forby, to lunge signifies to lean 
 forward, to throw one's whole weight on anything, to thrust with full force, possibly 
 from the Fr. allomjer. Mr. Wilbraham gives lungeous, ill-tempered, disposed to do 
 some bodily harm by a blow or otherwise. Cheshire Glossary. See also Grose ; Heref. 
 and Shropshire Glossaries. A violent kick of a horse is termed a lunge. Dunsh, sig- 
 nifying a shove or punch, is a word used in Suffolk and N. Britain. See Moore and 
 Jamieson. Compare Teut. donsen, ;^My?iO m dorso percutere ; Su. Goth, dunsa, m/ve/w 
 et fragore procedere. 
 
 'i See FALLYNGE downe, or fallynge yvelle, p. 148. Epilepsy was termed likewise in 
 French le mal de terre, evidently because those afflicted therewith fell and rolled upon 
 the ground. " Caceria, mala vexacio, the londe yuelle." med. ms. cant. " fliau de 
 terre, the falling sickness." cotg.
 
 PRO.MPTORIUM PARVULOKUM. 
 
 •J 1 3 
 
 LooRE, techynge. Doctrina, dog- 
 ma, instructio, hifonnacio. 
 
 LoREL, or losel, or lurdene (lor- 
 dayne, s. lurdeyn, p.)' Lurco, 
 
 C. F. 
 
 LoRYEL, or lorel tree (lory5er, 
 H. lory3ell, p.) Laurus, cath. 
 laurea, cath. 
 
 Los, or lesynge. Perdicio. 
 Loos, or fame.- Fama. 
 Loos, or bad name. Infamia. 
 (Loos, on-bo\vndyn, supra in 
 
 LOCE, s.) 
 LosANGE, or spancle (spangyl, 
 
 K. s. p.)3 Lorcde, Dice. 
 Losyn', or vnbyndyn'. S'olvo. 
 
 ' Compare LD RCA RE, /?<rco; andseethenoteonnjRDEYNE, p.317. Verstegan defines 
 a losel to be " one that hath lost, neglected, or cast off his own good, and so is become 
 lewde, and careless of credit and honesty." Names of Contempt, p. 262. Lorel has 
 been derived from Ang.-Sax. leoran, as likewise losel from leosan, perdcre. Both 
 occur repeatedly in the Vis. of P. Ploughman ; Chaucer, in his version of Boethius, 
 B. i. renders " perdiiissimum — lorell,'' and uses the word in the Wife of Bath's Prol. 
 5855, and Plowman's Tale, ed. Speght, 1601, f. 91. See also Ly beaus disconus, 259, 
 " lorell and kaytyf." In Rich. C. de Lion, 186-1, 1875, the French King speaks of 
 the English as cowards and " losards." In the Boke of Curtesy, t. Hen. VI. the 
 youth sitting at the table of a great man is admonished thus : 
 
 " Ne spit not lorely for no kyn mede. 
 
 Before no mon of god, for drede." Sloane MS. 1986, p. 21. 
 
 Holinshed terms Wat Tyler " a naughtie and lewd lozzell.'' Chron. iii. 432. Skelton 
 uses the word " loselry," and both "lorrell" and " lozell " occur in Spenser, and 
 other later writers. " Lorrell or losell, /efarf, loricart. " palsg. " Loricard, a 
 luske, lowt, lorell, slow-backe. Maschefouyn, a chuffe, bore, lobcock, lozell ; one 
 that's fitter to feed with cattle, then to converse with men. Vastibotisier, a lusk, 
 lubber, loggarhead, lozell, hoiden, lobcock. Avjourd'huy Seigneur, dema'tn singe 
 ord, Prov. To day a goodly lord, to morow an ouglie lozell." cotg. " Lorel, or 
 lossel, i. clown; also fraudulent.'' gouldm. 
 
 " Tooke considers this word as derived evidently from the past part, of Ang-Sax. 
 hlisan, celehrare : it is, however, more probable that it was taken from the French, los, 
 loz, which seems to be always used in a good sense, whereas the English word signifies 
 either praise or dispraise, — renown on account of vice, as well as of virtue. In the 
 sense of praise it occurs, R. Glouc p. 189 ; R. Brunne, p. 25 ; Vis. of P. Ploughm. 7164 ; 
 Cant. T. 16,836; Gower, Conf. Am. In the Tale of Sir Gowghter, 186, it is said 
 that, in consequence of his outrageous and sacrilegious acts, "his lose sprong ful 
 wide ;" see also the tale of the King of Calabria, Seuyn Sages, 1586 ; and Ritson, Met. 
 Rom. ii. 2. Sir John Maundevile uses the word in the hke secondary sense, " 36 
 schuUe undirstonde that in that time there weren iij. Heroudes of gret name and loos 
 for here crueltee." Voiage, 108. Chaucer uses the expression " name of badde loos," 
 Test, of Love, i. 278. " Defamo, to mislose. Fatna, a loos. Infamia, wikkud loos, 
 /n/aw? js, losud." med. " jFa»?a, good lose, or fame." ortus. Compare Fame, or 
 loos of name, p. 148. 
 
 3 Compare spangle, or losangle {sic). Lorale. In the Ortus iora/f is rendered " a 
 lorayne, a brydell," but torum implies any strap or band of leather ; and as at the 
 period when the Promptorium was compiled the fashion of attaching jiendant orna- 
 ments to the girdle and the baldrick, the reins and the trappings of horses, was sin- 
 gularly prevalent, it may perhaps be concluded that losange, or spangle, here denotes 
 these decorations, which were occasionally, but not invariably, of a lozenge form. 
 
 CAMD. SOC. 2 S
 
 314 
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 Losyn', or slakyrj. Laxo,relci.vo. 
 
 Lot. Sors. 
 
 LoTHE, or vnwylly. Involunta- 
 
 rins, insjyontaneics. 
 (Loth ELY, onwilli, k. h. vnwilly, 
 
 p. Involuntarie.) 
 LoTHLY. Abhorninabilis. 
 LoTHSUM, idem quod lotiily. 
 Low, or lowe. Profundus. 
 Low, or ny ]je grownde. Bassus. 
 LovEACHE, herbe. Levisticus. 
 LovARE. Amator, dilector, ama- 
 
 trix, dilectrix. 
 LowcE, wyrme. Pediculus, sex- 
 
 cupes, c. F. et cath. 
 (Lows I, K. Pediculosus.) 
 LowDE yn voyce, or noyze. Alius. 
 LowDE, or yn lowde maner. Alte. 
 
 LOWDEXESSE. Altitudo. 
 
 Love. Amor, dilectio. 
 Lovely, or able to be lovyd. 
 
 Amahilis, diligihiUs. 
 Lovely, or yn lovely vyse (or 
 
 frendly, s.) Amicahiliter. 
 LovYN (or love, s.) Amo, diligo. 
 
 Lowe, or softe pi voyce (or stj-ll 
 
 in voyce, p.) Suhmissus. 
 (Lowe, or meke, h. s. Humilis.) 
 (Lowe, or ny the drestis, h. p. 
 
 dressys, or lyys, s.) Bassus. 
 Low of fyyr (or leeni, supra, or 
 
 steem, ew/}'« ; lowre, s.)^ Flam- 
 ma. 
 Low ELY, or softe yn voyce. Suh- 
 
 misse. 
 LowELY, or mekely. Hiimiliter. 
 LouELY, or semely. Decens. 
 LowNESSE, or mekenesse. Hu- 
 
 tniUtas. 
 LowNESsE, and goodnesse in 
 
 speche (goodlynesse, k. s. p.) 
 
 Affahilitas. 
 LowNESSE, or depnesse 
 
 owtyn heythe, k. h.) 
 
 funditas. 
 LowNEssE, ny the grownde. Bas- 
 
 sitas. 
 LOWYSTE. liifimus. 
 (LovoN, and bedyn as chapmen, 
 
 s.- Licitor, brit. m duntaxat.^ 
 
 (with 
 Pro- 
 
 ' Flamma, J>e leye of fuyr. Flammesco, to belewe. Flammiger, beringe lowe." 
 MED. " A loweof fyre,_/?aw»za." CATH. ANG. This word occurs, Awatyrs of Arthure, 
 vii. 5; it is written "leye" in the Vis. of P. Ploughman, lines 11,7B3, 11,921. Gower 
 uses " loweth," signifying kindleth. In tlie Dialect of the North a blaze is called a 
 low, and the verb to low, or flame, is still in use. See Craven Dial. ; Brockett, and 
 Jamieson. Ray gives lowe as a N. country word, and laye as signifying in the South 
 and East flame, or the steam of charcoal, or any burnt coal. Compare Ang.-Sax. leg, 
 Dan. lue. Germ, hohe, ytamma. 
 
 ^ Brito observes that taxo signifies " Ucilari, imponere precium rei que vendifur .- — 
 ponitur pro licitari, quia licitatores in foro venalia consider antes dicunt, hoc valet 
 tantum.'" Summa Britonis, Add. MS. 10,350, f. 37. "To lowe, nbi to prase. To 
 prayse, preciari, apprcciari, liceri, licitari.^' cath. ang. " Licitor, to sett pryce ; 
 et addere, vet diminuere precium rei. Licitacio, lykynge, or batynge, or bergeynynge." 
 MED. MS. cant. " I alowe, or abate vpon a reckenyng, or accompte made, le aloue, 
 le abats — coniugate in I beate downe." palsg. Bp. Kennett gives " to lothe, to 
 offer in sale, or allow a thing at such a price, as, I'le lothe it you for so much money ; 
 Cheshire. A.S. laiSian, invitare." Lansd. MS. 1033. Jamieson states that to low has 
 the signification of to higgle about a price ; according to the Craven Glossary it is 
 used as an abbreviation of to allow, to grant or give. In the Townl. Myst. p. 177, 
 Pilate bargaining with Judas to betray Jesus, says, " Nou, Judas, sen he sbalbe sold, 
 how lowfys thou hym ?" Dutch, looven, Flem. loven, estimare.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 315 
 
 LoWYN, or mekyii' (or make 
 lowe, or meke, k. ii. p.) Hu- 
 milio. 
 
 LowYN, or make lowe to the 
 grownde (or botme, s.) Basso, 
 
 CATir. 
 
 Lowyn', or flamyn as fyyr. 
 
 Flammo. 
 LowYx', or cryyii', or bellyn, as 
 
 nette. Mugio. 
 
 LowYNGE, or leraynge of fyyr. 
 
 Flammacio. 
 LowYNGE, or cryynge of nette. 
 
 Mugitus. 
 LovEDAY. S ecpiestr a, CAT H.vel 
 
 dies sequestva. 
 LovEDAY MAKERE.' Sequester, 
 
 CATH. 
 
 Lover of an howse.- Lodium, 
 NECC. umbrex. 
 
 1 " JDicitur sequester reconciliator, qui discordes pacificat, et qui certantibus meditis 
 intervenit," ^-c. cath. The term loveday occurs in the Vis. of P. Ploughm. v. 3327, 
 5634; Cant. Tales, Prol. v. 261 ; Test, of Love, i. f. 274, ed, 1602; Gov. Myst. 
 p. 111. See also Rot. Pari. 13 Hen. IV., and Bracton, V. f. 369, where a day fixed for 
 an amicable settlement is termed '^ dies amoris.'" In the Paston Letters, V. 346, the 
 following passage is found : " My lord Skalys hath made a lofeday with the p'or and 
 Heydon, in alle materys except the matere of Snoryng,'' &c. " He is more redy to 
 make a fraye, than a loue daye." horm. " Loueday to make frendes, appointement.'^ 
 
 PALSG. 
 
 2 The received derivation of this term is that suggested by Minsheu, from the French 
 Vouverte, the open turret or lantern on the roof of an house which permitted the escape 
 of smoke. In the article on dialects in the Quart. Rev. Iv. 373, the Icelandic liori 
 foramen pinnaculi domus, is proposed as an etymon ; the sort of cupola with a trap- 
 door which, in the Northern countries, serves the double purpose of a chimney and a 
 sky-light, is called in Norway liore, in W. Gothland liura. Lodium, a word unnoticed 
 by Ducange, who gives only htcanar in the same sense, is explained in the Ortus as 
 signifying " a louer ; dicitur de lux et do, quasi dans lucem." In the Latin-English 
 Vocab. Roy. MS. 17 C XVII. are given ^'Lodium, lucare, impluviare, lowere ;" f. 27. 
 " i^«/war/?<»2, a chymeney or a lovyre. Tmbricium, a gotyre, or a lovyre." med. ms. 
 CANT. In the edition of the Ortus in ]\Ir. Wilbraham's library, lucanar is thus rendered, 
 *' A sloghe, a potte, a louer." " A luvere, fumarinm,fumerale, Ivcar, /odium.'' cath. 
 ANG. In a roll of purchases for works in the Royal palaces, 2 — 5 Edw. I. amongst the 
 miscellaneous records of the Queen's Remembrancer, the item occurs repeatedly, "pro 
 bordis ad louere cum corantis," &c. In the Treatise entitled Femina, MS. Trin. Coll. 
 Cant. B. 14, 40, it is said in the chapter ad edijicandum domes, that it is fittingto make 
 a " good louer {lamueire) and wyndow :'' 
 
 " Louer (amueire) and almarye (ameire) me haj>, 
 At \>e louer fume go)? out. 
 )>at en Fraunce ys amueyre namede, 
 )>at here louer ys apelyt, i. nominattts.^' 
 
 Horman says, " Moche of the showre fell into the louer {imphirium), but moche more 
 into the barton (cavedium.y " Louer of a hall, esclire.'' palsg. " Dosme, a flat 
 round louer, or open roofe to a steeple, banketting house, pigeon house, &c. Tourne- 
 vent, a horse, or mouable louer of mettall on the top of a chimney or house. Trottouer 
 the boord in the louer of a doue-coat for pigeons to alight on." cotg. " A loouer, or 
 tunncll in the roofe, or top of a great hall to auoid smoke. Fumarium, spiratnenfum." 
 BARET. Whital gives among " the parts of housing — The lovir or fomerill, infumi- 
 bulurn,^' &c. This word is used in the Vis. of P. Ploughm. and by Spenser ia the
 
 316 
 
 PnOMPTORlUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 LowMYSHE.' Canicus (^ardulio- 
 
 SUS, C. F. S.) 
 
 LowMYsciiENESsE. Canictttus 
 
 (arduUtas, s.) 
 (LowMiSMAN, or woman, s. Ar- 
 
 dulio, c. F.) 
 LowPYNGE, or skyppyiio-e.2/S'« /'/«*. 
 Lowryn', or mornyn'. Mereo, 
 
 CATH. merere est cum silentio 
 
 dolere, secundum UG. 
 Lowryn', or fade coloure, and 
 
 chere (or castyn lowre, s.) 
 
 Tabeo, brit. 
 Lowryn, or scowlyn'. Oboculo, 
 
 KYLW. 
 
 LowRYNGE. Mestus, trist'is. 
 LowRYNGE. Tristicia, mesticia. 
 (Lows, supra in lowce, s.) 
 
 Lowsyn'. Pedicido. 
 Lowtyn'.^ Conquinisco, c. F. UG. 
 
 ohstipo, CATH. incUno. 
 LovvTYNGE. Conquiniscia, c. f. 
 
 in conquinisco, inclinacio {con- 
 
 quinacio, p.) 
 Lotiiyn' (lojjin, or lothyn, s.) 
 
 Ahhominor, horreo, detestor. 
 LoTHYNGE (lojjynge, or lothynge, 
 
 s.) Abhominacio. 
 Luce, fysche. Lucius. 
 Luce, propyr name. Lucia. 
 LuDDOK, or lende.'* Lumbus. 
 (Lukchester, worm', supra in 
 
 LOCH ester, s,) 
 LuKRE, or wynnynge (luk, k. s. p.) 
 
 Lucru7n. 
 LuMBRYKE/'' Lumbricus, kylw. 
 
 sense of an aperture for giving light, F. Q. vi. c. 1 1 . In the Craven Dialect a chimney 
 is still termed the love, or luvver. Compare fomerel of an halle, p. 169. 
 
 1 LowNYSHE, MS. lowmysshe, k. h. s. p. The following explanation is given ia 
 the Catholicon: " A/j ardeo dicitur hie ardelio, i. leccator, quia ardens est in leccaci- 
 tate;" the Ortus gives '' Ardelus, inquietJis; qui mittit se omnibun negociis, a. meAXer 
 of many matters." ^^ Ardelio, one full of gesture, a busie man, a medler in all matters, 
 a smatterer in all things.*' morel. Jamieson gives loamy, slothful, inactive. "Lome, 
 vehis Holl. tardus, piyer.'' kilian. Dan. Lummer, a long lubber, a looby, a tony. 
 
 2 " A lopynge, saltatio, salltis. A lope, saltus ; a loper, to lope," &c. oath. ang. 
 See Jamieson, v. Loup. Ang. -Sax. hleapan ; p. part, hleop ; hleapang, saltatio. 
 
 3 The verb to lout occurs frequently in the old writers as signifying to bow down, to 
 bend to, or stoop. See Sir F. Maddcn's Glossary to (iawoyn ; Syr Tryamoure, 1062 ; 
 Vis. of P. Ploughman ; Cant. T. 14,lGe, 15,654 ; Gower, Townl. Myst. p. 18, cVc. In 
 the earlier Wicliffite version. Numb. xxii. .'U is thus rendered: " Anoon the Lord 
 openyde the eyen of Balaam, and he lowtide hym redi to the erthe ;" in the later 
 version, " worschipide hym lowli in to erthe." In the Liber Festivalis it is said of the 
 Virgin Mary, " She lyued so clene and so honestly y' all her felawes called her quene 
 of maydens ; and whan ony man spake to her, mekely she lowtyd with her head, 
 and sayd, Deo yraciusP Ed. Rouen, 149,9, f. 144, b. " 1 lowte, I gyue reuerence to 
 one, /e me camhre, le Ivy fais la reuerence. It is a worlde to se him lowte and knele." 
 PALSG. Ang. -Sax. \yiVd\\,inclin(ire. Compare dowyn', or lowtyn', p. 46 ; and hek, or 
 lowte. p. 29. In the North to bow in the rustic fashion is still termed to lout. See 
 Brockett and Jamieson. 
 
 * " A luddok,ye?we« mulieris, femur viri, lumbus." cath. ang. The word occurs 
 in Townl. Myst. p. 313. 
 
 " His luddokys thai lowke like walk-mylnc clogges.'' 
 
 * Numerous remedies may be found in the Treatise on the virtues of Herbs, Arund. 
 MS. 42, " for lumbrikes." See f. 23, 40, 72, b. 84, &c. "Lumbricus, an earthly 
 worm, also the belly-worm, or maw-worm." gouldman.
 
 PROMPTORIUM PAKVULORUM. 
 
 317 
 
 Lull yn', or byssyn'. Sopio, cath. 
 
 {nenior, lallo, ug.) 
 LuLLYNGE of yonge chylder (jong 
 
 chyldryn, k.) Neniacio. 
 
 LuLLYNGE SONGE. Nenia, CATH. 
 
 fescennia, c. f. (^fescennina, s. 
 fascennina, p.) 
 
 Lymnyd, as bookys (Ivmynid, k.) 
 Elucidatus. 
 
 Lymnore (luminour, k.) Elu- 
 cidator, miniographus, cath. 
 aurigraphus, ug. in aer, mini- 
 ator, UG. alluminator, illumi- 
 nator, KYLW. 
 
 LuMPE. Frustrum (jsic, p.) 
 
 Lunge (lunche, k.) Pulmo. 
 
 LuRCARE (lurcard, s. p.) Lurco. 
 LuRDEYNE, idem est (^supra in 
 
 LORELL, P.)^ 
 
 Lure for hawkys. Lm'ale, comm. 
 Lurkyn'. Latito, lateo. 
 LuscH, or slak. Laxus (^rarus, 
 
 K. P.) 
 
 LuscHBURUE (lushburue, s. Pa- 
 
 pirus.y- 
 LuscHLY. Laxe (rare, k. p.) 
 Luste. Voluptas. 
 LusTE of synne. Libido. 
 Lusty, fuUe of luste (lustj-ful, s.) 
 
 Voluptuosus. 
 Lusty, or lysty. Delectuosus (de- 
 
 lectahilis, voluptuosus, k.) 
 
 ^ Fabyan, in his Chron. part vi. c. 197, suggests the fanciful etymology of this term, 
 which is likewise given by I3oethius, in his Hist. Scot, published in 1526, lib. x. s. 20, 
 and adopted by Verstegan, in his remarks on names of contempt, c. x. namely, that a 
 Dane being quartered as a spy in every family in England, was, from his tyranny, 
 called Lord Dane, " quhUk is now tane for ane ydyll lymmer that seikis his leuyng oa 
 other mennis laubouris," as Bellenden expresses it in his version. The immediate de- 
 rivation is, however, evidently from the French ; " Lourdhi, lourdayne ; blunt, some- 
 what blockish ; a little clownish, lumpish, rude ; smelling of the churle, or lobcock.'' 
 COTG. " Lourdein : idiot, lourdaud, maladroit, sot ; en bas Lat. Lurdus."' roguef. 
 R. Brunne says that Sibriht, King of Wessex, when driven from his realm, " as a 
 lordan gan lusk ;" p. 9. The word occurs in the Vision of P. Ploughman, lines 12,278, 
 14,302 ; Townl. Myst. pp. 60, and 308. " A lurdane, uhi a thefe." cath. ang. " Lur- 
 dayne, lovrdavlt. It is a goodly syght to se a yonge lourdayne play the lorell {(oricarder) 
 on this facyon. " palsg. " A lourdon, or sot, bardus."' gouldm. It denotes a vile 
 person, a sot or blockhead, a clownish churl, or a sluggard. Andrew Boorde, in the 
 Breviary of Health, 1573, quaintly observes at the close of his directions regarding 
 fevers, " The 151 chapiter doth shew of an euyll feuer the which doth comber yonge 
 persons, named the feuer lurden," with which many are sore affected now a days, from 
 bad education, or natural habit. In the last case he pronounces it incurable, but offers 
 the following nostrum : " There is nothing so good for the feuer lurden as tinguentum 
 baculinum, that is to saye. Take a sticke or wan of a yeard of length and more, and let 
 it be as great as a man's fynger, and with it anoint the backe and the shoulders well 
 morning and euening, and doo this xxj. dayes ; and if this fever will not be holpen in 
 that time, let them beware of wagging in the galowes ; and whiles they do take their 
 medicine, put no Lubberwort into their potage, and be(w)are of knauering about their 
 heart ; and if this will not help, send them to Newgate, for if you wyll not, they wyll 
 bryngthem selfe thether at length." In c. 262 he speaks also of " luskeshnes, brother 
 to the feuer lurden." See Brockett and Jamieson. 
 
 - Counterfeit sterlings, closely resembling the pennies of the English coinage, but of in- 
 ferior value, appear to have been largely introduced during the reign of Edward III. and 
 were probably, as Skinner suggests, termed Lushborows from their having been issued at
 
 318 PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM. 
 
 LusT(y)LY(lustili, k.) Voluptuose. 
 LusTYLY, or lystyly. Delectabi- 
 
 liter. 
 Lute, instrument of musyke (lute 
 
 of mynstralcy, k. p.) Viella, 
 samba, lamhutum (^citella, k. 
 citolla, H. p. sambuca, s.) 
 
 (LUTYN, p.) 
 
 Lutsenborgh, or Luxemburgh, a fact suflBciently evident from the word lvcembor., lv- 
 SENBOR., or LVSEBVRGENSis, forming part of the legend which occurs on many of these 
 pieces. H. Knyghton thus records their importation in 1347 : " Eodem anno defertur in 
 Angliam per alienigenas et indigenas mercatores falsa moneta qum lussheburue appellata 
 est ; unde apud Londonias multi mercatores et alii plures tracti sunt et suspensi, et 
 quidam magna precio vitam redemerunt.'" Chron. Cott. MSS. Claud. E. iii. f. 253 ; 
 Tib. C. VII. f. 152, v°. In the margin is written " moneta lojsbnrMes.''' Itappearsby 
 the Rolls of Parliament, vol. ii. 160, that early in that year (20 Edw. III.) a petition had 
 been presented by the Commons, which set forth that merchants and others exported 
 the good sterling coin, and " de jorir en autre reportent diverses fauxes monoies ap- 
 pellez Lusshebourues, dont la livre poet estre achati par dela pur oyt souldz, ou pur 
 meyns" with which the country was filled. The King's pleasure was that such offenders 
 should be judged according to law, as ^'■faux moneours.^' In the year following the 
 Commons again petitioned '■'■puree qe la fauxe monoie de Lusshel30urues encrest de 
 jour en autre,''' an evil attributed to the infrequency and short duration of the sittings 
 of the judges of assize, praying for "plus aspre remedie." Rolls of Pari. ii. 167. la 
 1351 these false sterlings are again mentioned in the petition that declaration should be 
 made by the King as to what offences should be adjudged treason, of which one was the 
 importation of false coin, " sicome la monoie appelle Lusseburghe," or other resembling 
 the coin of the realm, as fully declared in the Stat. 25 Edw. III. c. 2, where the word 
 is written " Lucynburgh." Compare Rolls of Pari. ii. 239, and Stat, of Realm, i. 320. 
 These fallacious monies are named in the Vision of P. Ploughman, which was com- 
 posed, as it is conjectured, about 1362. 
 
 ♦' As in lussheburwes is a luther alay, 
 And yet loketh he lik a sterlyng. 
 The merk of that monee is good, 
 Ac the metal is feble." v. 10,322. 
 
 In the Cant. Tales, which, according to Tyrwhitt, were written subsequently to 1382, 
 allusion occurs to " Lusheburghes," as coins of base alloy ; Monks Tale, v. 13,968: 
 as likewise in Piers of Fulham, p. 128, ed. Hartshorne, 
 
 " No lussheborues, but money of fyne assay." 
 
 It must be observed, that in Twysden's edition of Knyghton, as likewise in the 
 printed text of the Rolls of Parliament, the term has been given as Lussheburne, ap- 
 parently in consequence of its origin having been forgotten ; it seems, however, evident 
 that the true reading should be Lussheburue, which is merely a variation from Lusshe- 
 burwe, or Lucynburgh. See further on this subject Ruding, i. 222 ; Snelling's Plates 
 of counterfeit Sterlings, and the Bliltter fiir Miinzkunde, 1839. The import of the word 
 Papirus in relation to base coin is obscure. It is found in the Winchester MS. only. 
 The coins of the Byzantine emperors, called perpari, and the Italian paparini, were 
 monies of considerable value, but there was a base coinage in France during the 
 XlVth cent, of pieces of bad alloy, called /^ar/><//o/e*. See Charpentier.
 
 CORRECTIONS. 
 
 Page 5, b. line 26, for A-cethen, read A-cethe, The word is written in the Harl. MS, 
 a-cethe, but it would appear that the final contraction must be regarded as an error 
 of the transcript. In the Winchester MS. it is written a-cethe. Compare Ful- 
 fyllyii', or make a-cethe in thynge hat wantythe, p. 182 ; and Make a-ceethe. 
 
 Page 7, b. line 19, for usqui read usque. 
 
 Page 8, note 4, in the quotation from the metrical paraphrase of Vegecius, Tit. A. 
 xxiii. the word remue should apparently be read reum^ : in the original, "r/ieuma." 
 Compare the curious version attributed to Trevisa, Roy. MS. 18, A. XII. where the 
 word is thus rendered : " This ebbing and flowing that is callede the rewme of the 
 see." B. iv. c. 42. See also Lansd. MS. 285, f. 136, b. In the French version, 
 attributed by Caxton to Christine de Pise, the word is translated " rheume." 
 
 Page 11, b. line 2, dele k. 
 
 Page 29, note 4, after ryndell insert Ortus. 
 
 Page 37, a. line 24, for neynor read nenior. 
 
 Page 66, b. line 19, for pentys read serpentys. This correction is supplied by the 
 reading of the Winchester MS., the existence of which was not known to the Editor 
 when this page was printed. The true sense being thus ascertained, it is obvious 
 that the curious passage cited in the note is whoUy foreign to the purpose. 
 
 Page 73, a. line 8 ; the reading of the MS. as here printed seems very questionable. 
 Compare Fretyii, or chervyn, p. 179. The Winchester MS., however, agrees here 
 with the Harl. MS., and gives Cherwyn', or tetyn'. 
 
 Page 97, transpose the notes 4 and 5. 
 
 Page 116, b. line 9, for Aristotelis read Aristoteles. 
 
 Page 117, a. line 11, after androchiatorhim insert k. Compare Vacherye, or dayrye. 
 
 Page 122, b. line 2; the reading of the MS. is here arbitrer, but the word ought to 
 have been written arbiter, according to the Catholicon.
 
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