f* (y^^t- 2^^< . //^^ AN ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF THE SCOTTISH LANGUAGE: ILLUSTRATING THE WORDS IN THEIR DIFFERENT SIGNIFICATIONS, BY EXAMPLES FROM ANCIENT AND MODERN WRITERS J SHEWING THEIR AFFINITY TO THOSE OF OTHER LANGUAGES, AND ESPECIALLY THE NORTHERN; EXPLAINING MANY TEIi-MS, WHICH, THOUGH NOW OBSOLETE IN ENGLAND, WERE FORMERLY COMMON TO BOTH COUNTRIES ; AND ELUCIDATING NATIONAL RITES, CUSTOMS, AND INSTITUTIONS, IN THEIR ANALOGY TO THOSE OF OTHER NATIONS : TO WmCU 13 PREFIXED, A DISSERTATION ON THE ORIGIN OF THE SCOTTISH LANGUAGE : By JOHN JAMIESON, D.D. FELLOW OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH, AND OF THE SOCIETY OF THE ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND. IN TWO VOLUMES. Vol. I. - Quae vos a stirpe parentum Prima tulit telluS' -Antiquam exquirite matrem. Virg. EDINBURGH: PrintcD at tbc Clnitjcrgitg Pre00j FOR W, CREECH, A. CONSTABLE & CO., AND W. BLACKWOOD, EDINBURGH! LONGMAN, Hurst, rees, & orme, t. cadell & w. da vies, AND II. D. SYMONDS, LONDON. 1808. BOT QUHAT DANGEUE IS OCHT TO COMPILE, ALLACeI»— SUM BENE SA FRAWART IN MALICE AND WANGRACE, QUUAT IS WELE SAYD THAY LOIF NOT -WORTH AN ACE, BOT CASTIS THAME EUIR TO SPY OUT FALT AND CRUKE, At THAT THAY FYND IN UIDOILLIS, UIRNE, OR NUKE, TUAY BLAW OUT, $AYAND IN EUERY MANNIS FACE, LO HERE HE FAILYEIS, LO HERE HE LEIS, LUKE. GAWINE DOUGLAS, Bishop of Dunkeld. TO HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS GEORGE, PRINCE OF WALES, PRINCE AND STEWARD OF SCOTLAND. DUKE OF ROTHSAY, EARL OF CARRICK, BARON OF RENFREW, THIS WORK, INTENDED TO PRESERVE AND ILLUSTRATE THE LANGUAGE AND EARLY LITERATURE OF A BRAVE PEOPLE, WHOSE PATRIOTIC AND SUCCESSFUL EXERTIONS, IN DEFENCE OF NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE, WERE, FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD OF AUTHENTIC HISTORY, INVARIABLY CONNECTED WITH THE MAINTENANCE OF THE HEREDITARY CROWN OF HIS ROYAL ANCESTORS; IS BY PERMISSION MOST RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED. J PREFACE. i5oME affect to despise all etymological researches, because of their uncertainty. But many other branches of science are equally liable to tliis objection. Was it a clear proof of the wisdom conferred on our common parent, that he gave names to all the inferior creatures, according to their peculiar natures ? And may we not discern a considerable vestige of his primeval state, in the propriety of many of the names unposed on things, even in modem languages ? An inquiry into the reasons of these is not, there- fore, a matter of mere unprofitable curiosity. It is no contemptible mean of investi- gating the operations of our intellectual powers. The structure of language is, indeed, one important branch of that philosophy which so nearly intei'ests man, — the philosophy of his own mind ; — a branch which, although less attended to than many others, and often more obscured, than elucidated, by system, extends its intluence through all nations ; is, practically at least, as well known to the pea- sant as to the prince, to tlie savage as to the man of letters ; in the most lively manner, in many instances, delineates the objects with which we are conversant, exhibiting to others a faithful copy of the impressions which these make on our own minds; forcibly illustrates, as far as the oblique signification of words are concerned, the singular associations of oui- b PREFACE. ideas ; appoar.s by it-s striking analogies, as a grand link among the various individuals of llic same species, liow remote soever from each other as to situation ; frequently aftbrds a proof of the near alVinily of jwrticular nations ; and, by the general ditVusion of certain primitive terms, or by certain rules of formation universally adopted, assigns a common origin to mankind, although scattered " on the face of the whole earth." Since the union of the kingdoms, how beneficial soever this event has been in other rcsiK-cLs, the language of Scotland has been subjected to peculiar disadvantages. No lon'ur written in public deeds, or spoken in those assemblies which fix tlie standard of national taste, its iurtucnce has gradually declined, notwithstanding the occasional efforts of the Muse to rescue it from total oblivion. This decline may lie traced still farther back. The union of the crowns, although an event hi"hly honourable to Scotland, soon had an unfavourable influence on the ancient lan«»ua"e of the country. She still indeed retained her national independence ; but the removal of the court seems to have been viewed as an argument for closer approximation, in lanwuaue, to those who lived within its verge. From this time forward, as living authors in neneral avoided the peculiarities of tiieir native tongue, typographers seem to have reckoned it necessary to alter the diction even of the venerable dead. In thus accommo- dating our ancient national works to the growing sei-vility of their times, they have in many instances totally lost the sense of the original writers. In this manner, even the classical writings of our ancestors have been gradually ne- glected. The alterations, occasionally made by editors, although sufficient to disfigure them, ^verc not canied so far as to keep pace with the ideal refinement of their contem- poraries. It is surprising, that no one has ever attempted to rescue the language of the country from oblivion, by compiling a Dictionary of it. Had this been done a century ago, it would most probably have been the means of preserving many of our literary pro- ductions, « hich it is to be feared are now lost, as well as the meaning of many terms now left to conjecture.— Till of late, even those who pretended to write Glossaries to the Scot- tish books which they published, generally explained the terms which almost every reader undcrstooil, and quite overlooketl those that were more ancient and obscure. The Glos- sary to Douglas's Virgil formed the only exception to this observation. W ilhin these few years, a tj\ste for Scottish literature has revived both in Scotland and I'.nghmd. Jlence the want of an Etymological Dictionary has been felt more than ever, and it may well be supposed, that all who possess a genuine taste for the literary produc- tioos of their c<;)untry, n)ust feel disposed to encourage a work which is necessary, not PRKFACE. Ul merely for illustrating their beauties, but in many instances even for rendering them intel- ligible. The use of such a work is not confined to our edited books, but may in a great measure prove a key to our ancient MSS. It must facilitate the progress of those, \vhose studies or employments lay them under the necessity of investigating the records of anti- quity ; and who, especially in their earlier years, are apt to be disgusted at their profes- sions, from the frequent occurrence of terms, at the meaning of Mhich they can only guess. It is undeniable, indeed, tnat from the strange neglect of our vernacular language, the signification of some of our law terms is already lost; and that the meaning of others, on the interpretation of which not only private property, but public justice depends, is so doubtful, as to leave room for almost endless litigation. Even these invaluable remains of antiquity, which record the valiant deeds of our aa- cestors, delineate their manners, or exhibit their zeal for religion, excite little interest in our time, because they are in a great measure unintelligible. Those who possess old libraries, that have been handed down, perhaps through many generations, must be convinced of the necessity of a work of this kind ; because the books Avhich were perfectly familiar to thoir fathers, and which communicated instruction to their minds, or kindled up the flame of patriotism in their breasts, are now nearly as completely locked up to them, as if they were mitten in a foreign tongue. Such a work is necessary for presemng, from being totally lost, many ancient and emphatic terms, which now occur only in the conversation of the sage of the hamlet, or are occasionally mentioned by him as those which he has heard his fathers use. It may also serve to mark the dift'crence between words which may be called classical, and others merely colloquial ; and between both of these, as far as they are proper, and such as belong to a still lower class, being mere corruptions, cant terms, or puerilities. JNIany ancient customs, otherwise unknown or involved in obscurity, come also to be explained or illustrated, from the use of those words w hich necessarily refer to them. Tiie importance of any thing pertaining to the manners of a nation, as constituting one of the principal branches of its history, needs not to be mentioned : and, as the knowledge of an- cient manners removes the obscurity of language ; by a reciprocal operation, ancient lan- euase often afi^brds the best elucidation of manner?. Such a Dictionary, if properly conducted, should not only throu light on the ancient customs of Scotland, but point out their analogy to those of other Northern nations. So striking indeed is the coincidence of manners, even in a variety of more minute instances, between our ancestors and the inhabitants of Scandinavia, as marked by the great simila- rity or absolute sameness of terms, that it must necessarily suggest to every impartial in- b2 Jy PREFACK. quircr, tliat the connexion between them has been much closer than is generally sup- [•OSOll. Laiipiiagc, it i.s univeisally admitted, forms one of the best criterions of the origin of a iiuiion ; especially where there is a deficiency of historical evidence. Our countiy must c%'cr rcgiet the want, or tlie destruction, of written records. But an accurate and compa- rative examination of our veniacuiar language may undoubtedly in part repair the loss ; as well as thro\v considerable light on the faint traces which history affords, with respect to tlic origin of those, w ho for many centuries have been distinguished from tlie Celtic race, as sjHjaking the Scottish language. I do not iicjitate to call that the Scottish Language, which has generally been consider- ed in no other li-jht tlian as merely on a level with the different provincial dialects of the J'nglish. M itliout entering at present into the origin of the former, I am bold to aliirm, that it has as just a claim to the designation of a peculiar language as most of the other languages of Europe. From the view here given of it to the public, in tlie form of an Etv MOLOGicAL DiCTioxARV, it will appear tliat it is not more nearly allied to the Eng- lish, than the Belgic is to the German, the Danish to the Swedish, or the Portuguese to the Spanish. Call it a dialect, if you will ; a dialect of the Anglo-Saxon it cannot be : for, from the Dissertation prefixed to the Dictionaiy, it must appear to the unprejudiced reader, tJiat tliere is no good reason for supposing, that it was ever imported from the southern part of our island. How fur the work projx>sed possesses the requisites mentioned above, the public must judge. I shall only say, that I have still kept these tilings in view, as necessary recom- mendations of a work of this kind. Particularly, as far as my opportunities led me, I iiave paid attention to the more ancient terms used in our laws ; without unnecessarily en- cumbering the work with many words of Latin origin, as to the meaning and derivation of which there can be no difficulty. Many of our nation, not only in the higher, but even in the middle, ranks of life, now alVcct to despise all tlie terms or phrases peculiar to their country, as gross vulgarisms. This childish fa.stidiousncss is unknown not only to intelligent foreigners, but to the learned in South Britain. AA'cll assured that the peasantry are the living depositaries of the ancient language of every country, they regard their phraseology ncariy in the same light in which they would view that of a foreign people. A learned and elegant writer of our own countiy seems to regret tliat the language of Scotland lias been so much neglected. " If the two nations," he says, " had continued distinct, each might ha\e retained idioms and forms of speech peculiar to itself; and these, PR-EFACK. V rendered fashionable by the example of a court, and supported by the authority of writers of reputation, might have been considered in the same light with the varieties occasioned "by the different dialects in the Greek tongue ; might have been considered as beauties ; and, in many cases, might have been used promiscuously by the authors of l)oth nations. But, by the accession, the English naturally became the sole judges and lawgivers in lan- guage, and rejected, as solecisms, every form of speech to which their ear was not accus- tomed." Robertson's Hist, of Scotland, B. viii. ad. fin. Our best writers have felt the disagi'eeable conssequences of the national servility. No man, educated in Scotland, can entirely divest himself of its peculiar idioms. Even the learned writer quoted above, Hume, and many others, who have justly acquired celebrity in otlier respects, have not escaped censure, because they have heen found guilty of usino- national barbarisms. In consequence of the late publication of a variety of carious works of Scottish antiqui- t)-, and of some modem works of genius in this language, the English literati are now con- vinced, that a more extensive acquaintance with it is necessary for understanding many terms in their own ancient writings, which have formerly been common to both countries, but have become obsolete in South-Britain. Even before the revival of a taste for Scottish antiquities, the great Lexicographer of England, although not partial to our countrj', expressed his w ish for the preservation of its language. Boswell gives the following account of what Dr Johnson said to him on this subject. " October 19, (1769) he advised me to complete a dictionary of words pe- culiar to Scotland, of which I shewed him a specimen. ' Sir, (said he,) Ray has made a a collection of north-country words. By collecting those of your country, you will do a useful diing towards the history of the language." Life of Dr Johnson, II. 86 — 87. Lond. edit. 1804. It must be evident to every person of ordinary refTection, that a native of any country or one at least who has long resided in it, can alone be qualified to compose a Dictionary of its language. There is a copiousness in the Scottish, of which the native of another kingdom can scarcely form an idea. Although I have spent my tune in this quarter of the island, and devoted no inconsiderable attention to this subject ; I find it necessary to acknowledge, that I have met with a variety of words and phrases, which, although in common use, I find it extremely difficult to explain. On eveiy word, or particular sense of a word, I endeavour to give the oldest printed or MS. authorities. I have had the best opportunities of doing so, not only from the kind- ness of my literary friends, but from the access I have had, in consequence of the liberali- ty o<" the Tacully of Advocates, to their valuable Library, which contains a variety of Scot- tibh books and MSS. not to he found elsewhere. I am not so fastidious, however, as to rtject every word tliai cannot be supported by written authority. In this case, many of our most ancient and expressive terms would be for ever buried. Having resided for nmny yc«i-s in the county of Angus, where the Old Scottish is spoken with as great parity as any where in Xorlh-lJritain ; I collected a vast number of words unknown in the Southern and M'estern dialects of Scotland. Many of these I found to be classical terms in the languages of Iceland, Sweden, and Denmark. 1 have also endeavoured, as far as I could, to collect the terms belonging to the different provinces of Scotland. It could not be expected that literary men would use such diligence, in preparing the way for a Scottish Dictionary, as was used with a view to the publication of the J^oca- biiliirio delta Crusca ; when books were composed, containing such words as had former- ly occurred only in conversation, for the express purpose of supplying the compilers of that celebrated work w ith w ritlen authorities. 1 have therefore been obliged to give these words, as 1 found them, on the authority of the nation at large, or of particular provinces. This, I humbly apprehend, is fully as good authority as that of a variety of later w riters, whose works have scarcely had any other claim to the attention of their countrymen, than as they tended to preserve the vernacular tongue. If the first compilers of Dictionaries had rejected all the terms wiiich they did not find written, many that now pass for classi- cal would never hu\e appeared in print to this day. This work is not j)rofessedly a Dictionary of old English words. But such as occur in Scottish works, or seem to have been common to Ijotli nations, are explained, as well as those that are peculiar to the North; while their sense is illustrated by references to the moi-t ancient Englibii writers, or to Vocabularies of Provincial terms. Notwithstandino the length of time that I have been habituated to researches of this kind, I do not, by reason of my local situation, think myself qualified to give a complete Dictionary of all the «)ld words used by English writers, or of those that belong to different Provinces of Eng- land. I have endeavoured to compress the work as much as I could, without injur- ing it: yet, from the great variety of terms, either peculiar to the Scottish, or common to it with the F.nglish, had I pretended to give a complete view of all the ancient and provincial words of both languages, it must have tar exceeded any reasonable bounds. l"hc words explained, where it could be done with any degree of certainty, are exhibited in their relation to those which are allied to them, whether in the ancient or in the modern dialects of the Uotliic, in the Latin, or in the languages derived from it. The correspon- dt-ncc of others with similar words occurring in the Wchh, Armorican, Gaelic or Irish, is PRtTACE. VU also pointetl out. I have occasionally, although sparingly, n)aclc etymological references- to the Greek, and even to some of the oriental languages. I have been engaged in this work, often as a relaxation from professional labours, or studies of greater importance, foi' nearly t\venty years. During this period, it has almost imperceptibly swelled far beyond any idea I had originally formed with respect te its size. When I first engaged in this investigation, it was not with the reinotest idea of publica- tion. Even after proposals had been made to me on tliis head, I designed to keep the work on a small scale, and had tlierefore, in my notes in general, merely mentioned tiie name of the author who uses any word in a particular sense, without referring to the place. It was afterwards suggested, that the work would be less useful, if it did not contain au- thorities for the diti'erent significations ; and less acceptable to the public, as they would have no criterion forjudging, whether the sense of the writers referred to had been rightly understood or not. Fully convinced of the justness of this remark, I subjected myself to the drudgery of going over the same ground a second, and in various instances, a third time. After all my labour, I have not been able to recover some passages to which I had formerly referred ; and have therefore been obliged merely to mention the name of the writer. I have often quoted books w hich have neither acquired, nor have any claim to celebri- ty, and given extracts which, in themselves, scarcely merit, quotation. But from the plan adopted, I was under a necessity of doing so, or of leaving many words without any autho- rity whatsoever. I may have frequently erred vvith respect to provincial terms ; in giving those as such, which are perhaps pretty generally used, or in assigning to one county, or district, what more properly belongs to another. The following rule has been generally ob- served. The county or district is referred to, in which, according to personal know- ledge, or the best of my information, any term is used ; while, in many instances, the reference is not meant to be understood exclusively. There is reason to fear, that I may also have often erred even as to the sense. This can hardly occasion surprise, when it is stated, that words, to wliich I was a stranger, have been often explained to me in a variety of ways, and some of these directly opposed to each other ; and that many, which are commonly used, are interpreted very differently, according to the peculiar ideas which are attached to them, from the humour or fancy of individuals, and in consequence of that indefinite character which marks terms only or principally oral. Vlll PREFACE. I jtrcsent this work, therefore, to tlie public, fully convinced that it has many of the imperfections which must necessarily attend a first attempt of tliis kind. At the same tiuic, I flatter myself, tliat these will be viewed with a candid eye ; and am assured, tliat I bhiill meet with the greatest share of indulgence from those, who from literary habits of a similar descri|)tion, have learned the difficulty and labour insepaiable from such multi- farious investigation, in wliich tlie mind derives neither support nor animation from unity, but every distinct word appears as a new subject. In case another edition of tliis work should ever be called for, I will reckon myself pe- culiarly indebted to any of my readers, who w ill take the trouble of pointing out any ma- terial eiTors into which I have fallen, or of transmitting to me such ancient national terais as may have been oniitted, \^ith the proper explanations. To all, «ho have encouraged this work, some of tiiem indeed in tiie most liberal manner, I owe a tribute of gratitude. My friends, who, in the progress of it, have favoured me witii their advice, or assisted me by their communications, will be pleased to accept of my sincere acknowledgments. Some of tlie latter stand so high in the lists of literary fame, tliat tljcir rtames, if mentioned, would do honour to tlie work. But lest I should subject myself to tlic charge of ostentation, or seem to seek a veil for covering my own defects, or wound tlic delicacy of any to whom I have thus been indebted ; I shall rest in this Rcneral testimony of my sense of obligation. AN ACCOUXT OF THE EDITIONS OP MOST QF THE BOOKS QUOTED IX THIS M'-OKK. AcTis and Constltutioun'is of the Rcalmc of Scot- land, Fol. Ediu. 1566. (commonly called the Black Jets.) . Acts of Sederunt, Fol. Edin. 1740, &c. Acts of the Generall Assemblies of the Church of Scotland, from A. 1638. to 1649. 12mo. 1682. Adam's Roman Antiquities, 8?o. Edin. 1792. Aclfrici (Abbatis) Glossarium, ad calcem Diclio. narii Sorancri, Fol. O.xon. 1659. Agrippa's (Cornelius) Vanitie of Sciences, 4to. London, 1569. Alexandri ab Alexandro Genialiura Dierum Libri Sex, 8vo. Ilanoviae, ICIO. Altieri Uizionario Italiano, 2 Vol. 4to. Lond. 1727. Anderson's Poets of Great Britain, 14 Vol. 8vo. V. Y. Antiquaries of Scotland (Transactions of theSocie. ty of), 4to. Edin. 1792. Apolo^eticall Relation of the Sufferings of the faith. full Ministers, &c. of the Church of Scotland, (by Brown of Wamphray,) 12nio. 1665. Arii Erode (vel P0I3 liystor.) Scliedac, 4to. Skal- holt. 1688. Arnold's German Dictionary, 2 Vol. 8vo. Leipsic, 1788. Arnot's Hist, of Edinburgh, 4to. Edin. 1779. B. Baddam's Memoirs of the Royal Society, 10 Vol. 8vo. Loud. V. Y. Bailey's English Dictionary, 8to. Edin. 1800. Baillie's (Principal) Letters and Journals, 2 Vol. 8vo. Edin. 1775. Bale's Image of both Churches, Svo. Impryntedat London, by Ritliardi- Jugge. Balnaucs's (Henry) Confes'sion of Faith, 8vo. Edin. 1584. Banier's Mythology and Fables of the Ancients, 4 Vol. Svo. Lond. 1739. Bannat)ne MS. 1568. Advocates' Library, Edin. Barbour's Bruce, (written A. 1375) ediled by Pin. kerton, 3 Vol. Svo. Lond. 1790j cor. reeled from Fol. MS. by John Ram. say, U.Si), Advocates' Library, Edin. . Audro Hart's Edition, Svo. Edin. 1620. Svo. I'.dit. Edin. 1670. 4fo. Edit. Edin. dated 1738. Bar*y's History of the Orkney Islands, 4to. Edin. 1805. Bartholinus do Causis Contcmptac a Danis adhuc gentilibus Mortis, 4to. Hafuiae, 1689. Basnage's History of the Jews, Fol. Lond. 1708. Bassandyne's Bible, Fol. Edin. 1576. Baxteri Glossarium Antiquitatum Britannlcarnm, Svo. Lond. 1733. Bedae Opera, cura Smith, Fol. Cantab. 1722. Beknopte Historic van't Vaderland, 4 Deel. Harlin. gen, 1776. Bellenden's Historic and Croniklis of Scotland, Fol. Edin. 1536. Benson, Vocabularium Anglo-Saxonicum, Svo. Oxon. 1701. Bingham's Origines Ecclesiasticae, 10 Vol. Svo. Lond. 1708. Blount's Glossographia, or Dictionary 4. Ruriict's History of his own Times, 6 Vol. l2mo. Ddiii. 1753. Banib's Works, 4 Vol. 8vo. Liverpool, 1800. Uuibeqiiii Lcgaiio Turcica, 18mo. Lugd. Bat. 1633. C. Cacsaris Coramcntaria, cum Noti-> Divisii, 4to. Can. tal>. 1727. CaUlorwood's True History of the Church of Scot- land, Fol. 1678. Callander's Ancient Scotish Poems, 8vo. Edin. 1782. MS. Notes on Hue's (jlossarium, Ad- vocates' J^ibrary, Kdin. Camdeni Britannia, 8vo. Amstel. 1C17. Camden's Remains concerning Britain, 8vo. Lond. 1674. Cangc ( Du) Glossarium ad Sr riptorcs Mediae et In- fimae Latinitalis, 6 Tom. Fol. Paris. 1733. Cant's History of I'erlli, 2 Vid. Hvo. Perth, 1774. Cardonnel's Numismata Scotiae, 4lo. Kdin. 1786. Carpentier, Glos.sariuni Novum, sen Suiiplementura ail Du Cango, 4 Tom. Fol. Paris. 1766. Casalius (Joan. Bapiista) De Profaniset Sacris Vc- teribus Ritibus, 4io. Fraucof. 1681. Casaubonii (Isaac.) CommenUrius ad Persii Satiras, 8vo. Load. 1647. Cascncuve, LesOri-ines Franqoiso, Fol. Paris, 1694. Chalmers's Caledonia, 4to. Loud. 1H07. -,. Edition of Sir David f>yndsay's Poetical Works. 3 Vol. 8vo.' Lond. 1806. Chartularium Dunfermclin, Fol. Ms. Libr. Fac. Jurid. Chattcrton's Poems, (published as Rowley's,) 8vo. Lond. 1777. Chaucer's Works, by Speght, Fol. Lond. 1602. . — Urry's Edition, Fol. Lond. 1721. Tyrw hilt's Edition, 5 Vol. 8vo. Lond. 1775, with Glossary. Churchyard's Worthincsof Wales, 8vo. Lond. 1776. Cleland's Collection of Poems, 8vo. 1697. CluTcrii Gerniania -Vntiqua, contracfa Opera Buno- nis, 4to. Guelforbyti, 1664. Colvil's Mock Poem, 2 Parts, Svo. Lond. 1681. Compiaynt of Scotland, written in 1548, Svo. Edin. 1801 ; quoted Compl. S. Cotgrave's French-English Dictionary, Fol. Lond. 1650. Course of Conformitie, 4to. 1622. Cowel's Law Dictionary, Fol. Lond. 1708. Cragii Jus Feudale, Fol. Edin. 1732. Crookshank's History of the Sufl'erings of the Church of Scotland", 2 Vol. 8vo. Edin. 1751. n. Dalrymple's (Sir James) Collections concerning the Scotti>h Hislory, Svo. Edin. 1705. (Sir David, Lord Hailcs) Annals of Scotland, 2 Vol. 4to. Edin. 1776. . — Ancient Scottish Poems, l2mo. Edin. 1770; quoted in Dictionary -by the name of IS(iiina(j/nc Poems. — Specimen of Godly and Spiritual Sangs, gTo. Edin. 1765. Dalrymple's (Sir D.) Specimen x)f a Scottish Glos- sary, printed, but not published, Dalyell's Fragments of Scotish History, 4to. Edin. 1798. D'.Vrsy, Dictionaire Franijois-Flaman, 4to. Amst. 1694. Davies, Antiquac Linguae Britannicae Dictionari. urn, Fol. Lond. 1632. Diallog betuix ane Clerk and ane Courtcour, Svo. Adv. Lib. car. tittilo. Disci jdinc (Bulks of) ; in Dunlop's Collection. Douglas's (Gawin, Bishop of Dunkeld) Virgil's Ae- .neis, Fol. Edin. 1710, finished by the author A. 1513. It is compared, in several places, with two MSS. in the Library of the University of Edin. Douglas's (Alex.) Poems, chiefly in the Scottish Dialect, 12mo. Cupar-Fife, 1806. Dunlop's Collection of Confessions of Faith, 2 Vol. Svo. Edin. 1722. E. Edda Saemundar Hinns Froda, 4to. Hafniae, 1787. Egeir (Sir), Sir Graham, and Sir Gray-Steel, (His- tory of); from an imperfect printed copy in Svo. In some instances, I have quoted from a modern MS. copy in the possession of Walter Scott, Esq. Eliotae Bibliotheca, Fol. Lond. 1552. Ellis's Specimens of the early English Poets, 3 Vol. 8vo. Lond. 1803. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 4to. 18 Vol. 1797. Epistle of a Christian Brother, Svo. A. 1624. Erskine's Institute of the Law of Scotland, Fol. Edin. E.xhortation, Kirks of Christ in Scotland to their Sister Kirk in Edinburgh, Svo. 1624. Falls (The) of Clyde, or. The Fairies, a Scottish Dramatic Pastoral, 8vo. Edin. 1806. Fea's Grievances of Orkney and Shetland, Svo. Edin. 1750. Ferguson's (David) Collection of Scottish Proverbs, printed about 1598, reprinted Edin. 1785. Fergusson's (of Kilwinning) Exposition of the Epistle to the Ephesians, Svo. Edin. 1659. (Robert) Poems, 2 Vol. 12mo. Perth, 1789. Fcsti (Pompei) De Verborum Significationc Libri XX. ap. Auctores Latinae Linguae, Sfc. Fol. S. Gervas. 1602. Flacii Illyrici Catalogus Testium Veritatis, 2 Tom. 4to. Lugdun. 1597. Fleming's Fulfilling of the Scripture, Fol. Lond. 1726. Forbes's (Bp.) Eubulus, a Dialogue, 4to. Aberd. 1627. Defence of the Lawfull Ministers of Re- formed Churches, 4to. Middelburg, 1614. Cominentarie upon the Revelation, 4to. Middelburg, 1614. Forbes's Dominie Depos'd. V. Poems in the Buch- an Dialect. [ Fordun (Joannis lie) ScoUclironicon, cura Goodall, 2 Vol. Fol. Kdin. 1759. Fountainhall's Decisions of the Lords of Council aud Session, 2. Vol. Fol. Edin. 1759. Gale ct Fell Rerum Anglic«rura Scriptorcs, 3 Vol. Fol. 1684, et 1691. Gale's Court of the Gentiles, 2 Vol. 4to. Oxon. 1672. Galloway's (Couper, Bp. of) Dikaiologie, in reply- to Hume of Godscroft, 4io. Loud. 1614. Galloway's (Robert) Poems, 12mo. Glasg. 1783. Garden's (.\loxander) Theatre of the Scottish Kings, 4to. cai\ iitulo. Garnett's Observations on a Tour through the High, lands, &c. 2 Vol. 4to. Loud. 1800. Gawan and Gologras ; written about 1450, printed Edin. 1508 : SirGawan and Sir Galaron of Gallo- way ; supposed to be written about 1440. Both are in Pinkerton's Scotish Poems Reprinted. Gellii(Auli) Noctes Atticae, Svo. Colon. I.'j33. Gibson, Chronicon Saxonicum, 4to. O.xon. 1692. Glanvrlie's Sadducismus Triumphatus, 8ro. Lend. 1726. Gloucester's (Robert of) Chronicle, 2 Vol. 8to. Oxf. 1724., quoted as jR. Glouc. It is supposed tliat this work was completed, A. 1280. V. El. lis's Spec. I. 97. Godwin's Life of Chaucer, 4 Vol. Svo. Lond. 1804. Gordon's Iliaerariuni Scptcntrionale, Fol. Lond. 1726. Gower's Confesslo Amanlis, Fol. Lond. 1532. Grose's Military Antiquities, 2 Vol. 4lo. Loud. 1801. Provincial Glossary, Svo. Lond. 1790. Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 8vo. Lond. 1T96. Gudmundi Andreae Lexicon Islandicum, 4to. Ilav. niae, 1683. Gunnlaiigi (Sagan af) Ormstungu oc Skalld.Rafni, 4to. llafniae, 1775. Guthrie's Trial, Svo. Glasgow, 1755. IL llamiltoiin's (Abp. of St. Andrews) Catechismc, and Treatise on " the Seuin Sacramcntis," 4to, Prcntit at Sanct Androus, A. l.'>52. sometimes improperly quoted as 1551, which is the year mentioned in the Tille. Hamilton's (Jhone) Facile Traictise, 12mo. Lovan, leoo. (William) Life of Sir William >Vallace, Svo. Glasgow, 1722. lIardyng's(Jhon)ChronicIe, Grafton's Edition, 4to. Lond" 1543. Harris's Voyages and Travels, 2 Vol. Fol. Lond. 1764. Heims Kringla,tsive HistoriaReguni Norvegicorum, a Snorrio Sturlae Filio, 3 Tom. Fol. Havniae, 1777. Wlicn the page is quoted, Peringskiold's Edit., 2. Vol. 1697, is referred to. Herd's Collection of Ancient and Modern Scottish Songs, Heroic Ballads, &c. 2 Vol. 12mo. Edin. 1776. xi 3 Herodiani Ilistoriarum Libr. viii. Fol. Paris, 15S1. Hickesii ijin^'iarum Veteium Septentrionaliom The. saurus, 2 Vol. Fol. Oxon. 1705. Institutiones Grammaticae Anglo-Saxoni. cae, 4to. Oxon. 1689. Hieronynii Opera, 9 Tom. Fol. Basil. 1537, Hig'.len's (Ranulph) Polycronicon, Fol. West- minsirc. 1485. Highland Soiiety (Transactions of) 3 Vol. Svo, i':din. V. Y. Histoire Pitoyablc du Prince Erastus, S-.'O. Lyons, 1564. Historiae Augustao Scriptorcs Sex, cum Notis Sal. niasii et J. Casauboni, Fol. Par. 1620. Hislorie and Life of King James the Sext, Svo. Edin. 1804. Hoccleve's Poems, 4to. Lond. 1796. Holland's Houlate, (written about 1450) in Pin- kerton's Scotish Poems Reprinted, corrected from the Bannatyne MS. Howie's Biographia Scoticana, Svo. Glasgow, 1781 . Hudson's Historie of Judith, 4to. Lond. 1611. Huloeti (Richardi) Abcedarium Anglico Latinum, Fol. Lond. 1552. Hume's (of Godscroft) History of the Houses of Douglas and Angus, Fol. Edin. 1644. I, J. James's (King) Dacmonologie and other Works, Fol. Lond. 1616. Jamieson's (Robert) Popular Ballads and Songs, 2 Vol. Svo. Edin. 1806. Ihre Glossariura SuioGothicum, 2 Tom, Fol. Up. sal. 1769. Innes's Critical Essay on the Ancient Inhabitants of Scotland, 2 V^ol. Svo. Lond. 1729. Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language, 2 Vol. 4to. Lond. 1785. Johnstone, Antiquifates Celto-Scandicac et Celto. Normannicae, 2 Vol. 4fo. Hafni«a, 1786. , Lodbrokar.QuiJa, or, The Death.Song of Lodbroc, Svo. 1782. Jonae (Runolph.) Dictiouariolum Islandicum, 4fo, Oxon, 1688. Jornandes de Origine Actuque Getarura, Fol. Basil. 1531. Journal from London to Portsmouth, printed with Poems in the Buchan Dialect. Isidori (Hispalensis Episcopi) Originum Libri xx, Fol. S. Gcrvas. 1 C02. Islands Landnamobok, Liber Originum Islandiae, 4to. llafniae, 1774. Junii Etyniologicum Anglicannm,Fol. Oxon. 1743, Gothicutn Glossarium, 4to. Amstel. 1684. K. Keysler, Antiquitates Selectac Septentrionales, Svo. Hanov. 1720. Kelly's Collection of Scotish Proverbs, Svo, Lond. 1721. Keniit(ly's(AI)bot of Crosraguel) Compcndius Trac. line conforms to the Seripturis, kc. 4to. 1558. Kiliani Etyniologicon Teutonicae Linguae, Svo. Ultraj. 1632. 4to. curante Hasselto, Ibid. 1777. c2 [ xii 1 Kind's Miiuimcnta Aiitlqua, 3 Vol. Fo'. Load. 1799, &c. Knox's Hi'itoric of tlic Roformatioim, &c. Fol. Ellin. 1732. compared with IwOiMSS. penes Auct. Kdit. Lond. Kill. Kristiii-siiga, sivc Ilistoria RelliiioMis Chrislianac in Islaudiam InUoductae, 8vo. Jlafiiiac, 1773. Lairk's (W.) Answer to the Scots Presbyterian EkxjuoMce, 4to. Lambardi Archaionomia, sive Dc priscis Anglorum Legihus, Ito. Loud. I5(i8. Whelori, l-'ol. Cantab. 16 14. Lambe's History of the iUttcIl of Floddon, 12mo. Berwick, 1774. Lanientatioiin of Lady Scotland, (by P. R.) 8vo. Sanctaudrois, 157'2. Led« ich's Antiquities of Ireland, 4to. Dublin, 1790. Leibnitz Opera, Ciira Dutens, d Tom. 4to. Gencv. 1768. Leland's Collectanea, 6 Vol. 8vo. Lond. 1770. l,eslacus dc Oriijinc, Moribus et Rebus Gestis See- torum, 4to. Roinae, 1675. L.bley's Title of Siiecession to the Croiin of Kiig- land, 8vo. 1584. Lliiiyd's Arcli;\eoloa;ia Britanniea, Fol. Oxf. 1707. Letter to the Scots and Irish, translated by Mr MaUoline, Kdin. 1739. Lye Dictionariiim Saxoiiico et Godnco.Latinum, '2 Tom. Fol. Lond. 1772. Li^htfoot's Flora Scotica, 2 Vol. 8vo. Lond. 1792. Liudenbrogi Codex Legum Antiquarum, cum Glos- sario, Fol. Francof. 1613. Lyndsay's (Sir David) Warkis, 4to. Edin. 1592. Squycr MeUlrum, 4to. Ibid. 1594. Lindsay's (of Pitscottie) History of Scotland, Fol. Edin. 1728. Linnaei Elora Succica, Svo. Stockholm. 1755. Faunae Suecicae, Pars Prima, Svo. Lips. 1800. Locccnij Hisloria Succaha, 4to. Francof. 1G70. Anti(iuitatcs S\ieo.Gothicae, Ibid. Sueciac Leges Provinciales et CivilcSj 8to. Lond. Scan. 1675. Lockhart's (of Carnwath) Memoirs of Scotland, Svo. Lond. 1714. Lucian's Works, translated by Franklin, 4 Vol. 8vo. Lond. 1781. Lundii Xotac in Lexicon Verelii, Fol. Upsal. 1691. Lutheri Biblia Gcrmanica, Fol. Bremen, 1686. M. Macneill's Poetical Works, 2 Vol. 12mo. Lond. 1801. Macpherson's (John) Critical Dissertations on the Ancient Caledonians, Svo. Diililin, 1768. ISIacrobif Saturnalia, 8vo. Lugd. 1560. Majoris Historia Britanniae, 4to. Paris, 1521. Mallet's Northern Antiquities, 2 Vol. Svo. Lond. 1770. Malleus Malcficariim, 2 Tom. 4lo. Lugd. 1669. Manwood's Treatise and Discourse of the Lawcs of the Forrest, 4to. Lond. 1598. Mariliall's Economy of Yorkshire, 2 Vol. Svo. Lond. 1796. __ — of Glocester, 2. Vol. Svo. Gloc. 1789. of the Middle Counties, 2 Vol. Svo. Lond 1790. Martin's Description fcf the Western Islands of Scotland, Svo. Lond. 1716. Voyage to St. Kilda, 8vo. Lond. 1753. also Isl Edit. Lond. 1698. Massey's Ovid's Fasti, Svo. Lond. 1757. Massingcr's Works, by Gilford, 4 Vol. Svo. Lond. 1805. Meagher's Popish Mass celebrated by Heathea Priests, Svo. Limerick, 1771. Melvil's (Sir James) Menioires, Fol. Lond. 1683. Mellvill's (Mr James) Memoirs, entitled. Historic of the Life of J. M. MS. Fol. Menage Dictionaire Etymologique, Fol. Paris, 1694. Messinghanii Florilegium Insulae Sanctorum, Fol. Paris. 1654. ]Mcsfon's Poetical Works, 12mo. Edin. 1767. ]\lichaelis' Introductory Lectures to the New Tes- tament, 12mo. Kdin. 1779. Minot's Poems, (written about 1352.) Svo. Lond. 1795. Minshcu's Guide to the Tongues, Fol. Lond. 1627. Minucii Felicis Ocfavius, Svo. Lugd. Bat. 1672. Moisro's (Dean of the Isles) Description of the AVestcrn Isles of Scotland called Hebrides, 12mo. Edin. 1774. More's (Sir AVilliam, of Rowallane)'True Crucifixe for True Catholickes, Svo. Edin. 1629. Morison's Poems, chiefly in the Scottish Dialect, Svo. Montrose, 1790. Morvson's (Fynes) Itinerary, Fol. Lond. 1617. Mortrayes Travels, 3 Vol. Fol. Lond. 1723 and 1730'. MS. Royal College of Physicians Edin. Fol. about the age of R'.-bcrt Bruce. Murray's (of Glendook) Laws and Acts of Parlia« mcnt, Fol. I'-din. 16S1. Muses Threiiodie, by II. Adarason, in Cant's His- tory of Perth. N. Ncill's (P.) Tour throngh some of the Islands of Orkney and Shetland, Svo. Edin. 1806. Nicol's (Alexander) Poems, Nature without Art, 12mo. Edin. 1739. (Rev. J.) Poems chiefly in the Scottish Dialect, 2 Vol. 12mo. Edin. 1805. Nimmo's Histoiy of Stirlingshire, Svo. Edin. 1777. O. O'Brien's Irish-English Dictionary, 4to. Paris^ 1768. Olai Magni Historia, De Gentium Septentrionalium^ variis conditionibus, &c. Fol. Basil. 1567. Olavii (Magni) Specimen Lexici Runici, Fol. Hav- niae, 1650. Orkneyinga Saga, sive Historia Orcadcnsium, 4to. Hafniae, 17S0. Orosii (Pauli) Advcrsus Paganos Historiarum Li. bri Scptem, 8yo. Colon. 1582. [ xiii ] OTi'dii Opera, Cnlppingii, 3 Tom. Amstel. 1C83. P. Palice of Honour be !M. Gawine Dowglas, Bischop of Dunkeld, 4to. Edin. 1579. also in Pinkerton's S. Poems Reprinted. Palsgraue, Leclaircissement de Ja Langue Fran- 9oyse, Lond. Fol. 1530. Patten's Account of the Late Expedicionn in Scot- land, ap. Dalyell's Fragments. " Pennant's Tour in Scotland, 1769, and 1772, 3 Vol. 4to. Tonr in Wales 1773, 8vo. Dublin, 1779. . British Zoology— of Birds, 2 Vol. 8vo. Warrington, 1776. . of Fishes, 8vo. Ches. ter, 1769. Pcnnecuik's Description of Tweeddale, and Sco. tish Poems, 4to. 1715. Percy's Rcliqucs of Ancient English Poetry, 3 Vol. 12mo. Dublin, 1760. Peringskioldi Monumcnfa Uplandica, Fo!. Stock. holm. 1710. Pezii Thesaurus Anecdotorum, sen Veterum Monu- nientorum, 6 Vol. Fol. Aug. Viudel. 1721 — 1728. Phillips' New World of Words, edited by Kersev, Fol. Lond. 1706. Philonis Judaei Opera, Fol. Colon. Allobrog. 1613. Pinkerton's Enquiry into the History of Scotland, 2 Vol. 8vo. Lond. 1789. History of Scotland, 2 Vol. 4to. Lond. 1797. Lond. — Select Scotish BalLids, 2 Vol. 8vo. 1783. Ancient Scotish Poems, 2 Vol. Svo. Lond. 1786. quoted in Diet, by the name of Muitland Poems. Scotish Poems Reprinted, 3 Vol. 8to. 1792. quoted *'. P. R. or Rvpr. Essay on Medals, 2 Vol. 8vo. Lond. 1789. Pitscottie. V. Lindsay. Plinii Historiae Aliindi, 4 Vol. 16mo. Lugd. 1561. Ploughman's (Piers) Vision, 4to. [ascribed to Rob. de Langland, and supposed lo have been written between A. 1384 and 1390.] Edit. 1550 is generally quoted; sometimes that of 1561. Poems, chiefly in the Broad Buchan Dialect, Ajax's Speech to the Grecian Knabbs, Ulysses' Answer, &c. 12mo. Edin. 1785. Polidore Vergile's Notable Woorke (Abridgement of) by Thomas Langley, Svo. Lond. 1546. Porteous of Noblenes, 4to. Edin. 1508. Adv. Libr. Potter's Archaeologia Graeca, 2 1751. Priests of Peblis, (written before ton's S. Poems Reprinted. Pryce's Archaeologia Coruu-Britannica, or Cornish Vocabulary, 4to. Sherborne, 1790. Procopius de Rebus Gothicorum, Persarum, et Vol. 8vo. Lond. 1491) in Pinker. Q. Quarlcs' Divine Fancies, 4to. Lond. 1C33. R. Ray's Philosophical Letters, 8vo. Lond. 1718. Collection of English Words, 12mo. Lond. 1691. Ramsay's Evergreen, 2 Vol. 12mo. Edin. 1724. Poems. 2 Vol. Svo. Lond. 1800. Toa.Tablc Miscellany, 2 Vol. 12mo. Edin. 1793. Scots Proverbs, 12mo. Edin. 1776. Ramus, Commentaries of the Ciuill Warres of Frauncc, 3 Vol. 4to. Lond. 1574. Rastell's Collec'ion of Statutes, 4fo. Lond. 1559. Exposition of Terms of the Lawr, Svo. Lond. 1579. P.cgiam Majestatem, The auld Lawes and Constitu. tions of Scotland. Fol. Edin. 1C09. The same in Latin, Fol. VA'in. 1609. Rcnnel's Geographical System of Jlerodotus, 4(o. Lond. 1809. Richards' English and ^Vc!sh Dictionary, 2 12mo. Lond. 179S. Ritson's Scotish Songs, 2 Vol. 12mo. Lond. Ancient [English] Songs from the of K. Henry IIL Svo. Lond. 1790. Pieces of Ancient Popular Poetry, Lond. 1791. Ancient English Metrical Romances, 3 Vol. Svo. Load. 1802. quoted as E. M. Rom. or R. Robin Hood, 2 Vol. Svo. Loud. 1795. Roberts' Treatise of \Vi(clicraft, 4to. Lond. 1616. Robertson's History of Ciiarles V. 4 Vol. Svo. Lond. 1772 . (^y.) Indc.\ to Records of Charlers. 4(0. Edin. 1798. Rollocke's Lectures upon the History of the Pas- sion, &c. 8vo. Edin. 1016. Rommant de la Rose, Fol. Paris. 1531. — Glossairo de, l2mo. ibid. 1735. Vol. 1794. time Svo. Vandalor Fol. Basil. 1531. Ptolemaei Geographia, Fol. Basil. 1552. Rosini Anfiquilaies Romanae, 4to. A ns(. 1686. Ross's Heleuore, or The Forhinate Shepherdess, Svo. Abcrd. 1789, Third l-,dit. Rudbeckii Allantica, 2. A'ol. Fol. Upsal. 1689. Ruddiman's Introduction to Andcrsou's Diplomala, 12mo. Edin. 1773. Russei's Conveyancing, Svo. Edin. 1788. Rutherford's Religious Letters, Svo. Glasgow, 1765. Rymbegla, sire Annales Vct^Tum Lslandorum, &c. 4to. ilavniae, 17S0. Saker's Narbonus, 2 Parts, 4to. Lond. 1580. Savage's History of (xcrmany, Svo. Loud. 1702. Saxonis Gramniatici Hist. Dd.niea, Fol. Franc. 1576. Schedii (Eli.ie) De Dis Germanis Syngrainmata, Svo. Amste! 1648. Schilteri Tlnsaurus Antiquitatum Teutonicaruin^ 3 Tom. Fol. iri'-.ae. I72-. Scotch Presbyterian EloquencCj Svo. Lond. 1719. [ xiv ScofR (RcsinaM) Discovery of Witchcraft, 4to. I.oml. 1584. Scotisli Fooms of ihc Sixteenth Century, 2 Vol. 12mo. Kdin. ISOl. Scott's Miiistrclsv of the Scottish Border, 3 Vol. . 8vo. 2d. Kdit.Edin. 1S03. Lay of )iic Last Minstrel, 8vo. Edin. 1806. Second Sii;lit (Treatise on the) 12mo. Edin. 1764. 3 Seldeni Fieta, seu Coiumcntarius Juris Anglican!, 4to. Lond. 1685. Senecae Opera, 8vo. Amstel. 1634. Sennius, English and Swedish Dictionary, 4to. Nykoping, 1757. De Vcteriim Sueo.Gothorum cum Anglis Us« et Coraniercio, 4to. llambing. 1734. Servii Notac in Virgiliuni, Fol. Venet. 1514. Scwi'l's English and Dutch Dictionary, 41.0. Amst. 1727. Shaw's Gaelic and English Dictionary, 2 Tol. 4to. Lond. 1780. Shirrcfs' Poems, 8to. Edin. 1790. Sibhaldi Scotia lllnstrata, Fol. Edin. 1684. Sibbald's (Sir R.) History of Fife and Kinross, Svo. Cupar- Fife, 1803. . (James) Chronicle of Scottish Poetry, (qnotcd Chroii. S. P.) with Glossary, (quoted Gl. Sibb.) 4 Vol. 8vo. Edin. 1802. Siijobcrii f lemblaccnsis Chronicon ab anno 381 ad '1113, 4to. Paris, 1513. Sinclair's (Sir John) Statistical Account of Scotland, 21 Vol. Svo. Kdin. 1791—1799. Observations on the Scottish Dialect, Svo. Lond. 1782. Sinclair's (George) Satan's Invisible World Dis- covered, 12mo. Glasgow, 1769. Skene's Lawcs and Actes of Parliament, Fol. Edin. 1597. De Verborum Significatione, Fol. Edin. 1599. Skinner, Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanae, FoU Lond. 1671. Smith's Gaelic Antiquities, 4to. Edin. 1780. Life of St. Columba, 8vo. Edin. 1798. Soliiii Ilistoria, Svo. Lngd. 1560. Si)aMing"s History of the Troubles in Scotland from 1624 to 1645, I2mo. 2 Vol. Aberd. 1792. Spanhcmii Historia Sacra atque Ecclesiastica, Fol. Lugd. Bat. 1701. Specuhini Regale (sivc Kongs-Ski)gg.Sio) Isl. Dan. et Lat. 4to. Soroc, 1768. Spelnianni Glossarium Archaiologicuin, Fol. Lond. 1687. Spenser's (Edmund) Works, by Rev. H. I. Todd, 8 Vol. Svo. Lond. 1805. Spotswood's History of the Churcli of Scotland, Fol. 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Tyrie's Refutation of ane Ansuer made be Schir Johne Kno:;, Svo. Paris, 1673. Tyrwhitt's Glossary. V. Chaucer. Tytler's Poetical Remains of James the First, Svo. "Edin. 1783. Toland's Nazarenus, Svo. Lond. 1718. Tooke (Home) Diversions of Purley, Vol, L and IL 4to. Lond. V. Y. Torfaei Orcades, Fol. Hafniae, 1697. Tragedie (Ane), in forme of ane Diallog betuix Ho. nour, (jtudc Fame, and the Author, Svo. Edin. 1570. Trevoux (Dictionnaire Universel Fran9ois et Latin de), 7 Tonv. Fol. Paris, 1752. Tristrem (Sir), by Thomas of Ercildounc, called the Rhymer, edited by Walter Scott, Esq. Svo. Edin. 1804 ; supposed to have been written about 1250. Troll's (Von) 1780. Letters on Iceland, Svo. Dublin^ Worship, Alc. Edin. 1709. of the Chuich of Scotlaud, 4to. V, u. Vallancey's Prospectus of the Language of the An- cient Irish, 4to. Dubl. 1802. Vegetius de Re Militari, 12mo. Lugd. Bat. 1644. Venoroni Dictionaire Italien et Francois, &c. 2 Torn. 4to. Lyons, 1707. Verelli Index Linguae Veteris Scytho-Scandicaesive Gothicae, Fol. Upsal. 1691. Notae in Hervarar Saga, Fol. Upsal. 1671. Manuductio ad Runographiam Scandicam Antiquani. Fol. Upsal. 1675. Vcrstcgan's Restitution of Decayed Intelligence, Svo.^Lond. 1673. Vidalini, De Linguae Scptcntrionalis Appcllationc, Donsk Tiinga, Couimentatio, 4to, Hafniae, 1775. Vitringa in Jcsaiam, 2 Vol. Fol. Basil. 1732. Ulphilae Quatuor Evangclioruin Vtrsio Gotliica, cum Vers. Anglo-Saxonica, 4to. Amstel. 1684. Universal (Ancient) History, 21 Vol. Svo. Lond. 1747. [ XY ] Ussfril Brltannicamm Ecclesianira Antiqaitates, 4to. Dublin, 1639. W. Wachtcri Glossarlum Germanicuui, 2 Vol. Fol. Lips. 1737. Wallace's Life, by Blind Harry, 3 Vol. 12mo. Perth, 1790, corrected from the MS. of 1489, Advocate's Library. Bl. Harry wrote, according to some, A. 1446, according to others in 1470. 8vo. Edin. 1648. 12mo. Edin. 1673. — 4to. Edin. 1738. This Edition, I am assured, as well as that of Bruce, was printed A. 1714 or 1715, by R. Freebairn, his Ma- jcsty's Printer ; but, as he engaged in the rebel- lion, they were not published. Having been sulTered to lie, from that time, in a bookseller's warehouse, both were published A. 1738, with false dates. Wallace's Account of the Islands of Orkney, 8to. Lond. 1700. Ware's Antiquities of Ireland, by Harris, 2 Vol. Fol. Dublin, 1762. Warton's History of English Poetry, 3 Vol. 4to. Lond. 1774. Watson's (R.) Historical Collections of Ecclesiasti- cal AiTairg in Scotland, 8to. Lond. 1657. — — — — (Jamce) Choice Collection of comic and serious Poems, 8vo. Edin. 1706. Westmoreland Dialect, in four Familiar Dialogues, with Glossary, Lond. 1802. Whitaker's History of Manchester, 2 Vol. 8to. Lond. 177.'?. Genuine History of the Britons assert- ed, 8vo. Lond. 1773. Wiclif's Translation of the New Testament (made about 1370), V. Lewis's Hist. p. 6); Fol. Lond. 1731. Widegren, Suenskt och Engelskt Lexicon, 4to. Stockholm, 1788. M'odrow's History of the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland, 2 Vol. Fol. Edin. 1>21. Wolff, Dansk og Engelisk Ord-Bog, 4to. Lond. 1779. Wolfii Curac Philologicac et Criticae in Nov. Test. 5 Tom. 4to. Hamb. 1733. Wormii (Ol.) Fasti Daniel, Fol. Hafniae, 1643. Literatura liunica, Fol. ibid. 1651. Monuraentorum Daulcorum Libri Sex, ibid, Fol. 1643. Museum, Fol. Amstcl. 1655. Wyntown's (Androw of) Crony kil of Scotland, written between 1420 and 1424; edited by Mr D. Macpherson, 2 Vol. 8vo. Lond. 1795. Y. York-shire Ale, (Praise of), York. shire Dialogue, with Clavis, 8vo. York, 1697. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Those Tvhose Names are marked zcith an Asterisk, have died since the Subscription C07nmenced. The Duke of Argyll The Duke of Atholl The Marquis of Abercorn Viscount ArI)uthuot Loril Ashburton Lord Armadale Uii;ht lion. Lord Advocate for Scotland AVilliam Adam Ksq., .\ttorney General to IL R. IL the Prince of Wales Lieut. J. 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Colonel Hutton, Woolwich Rev. Cyril Jackson, D. D. Dean of Christ Church, Oxford Dean and Cha])ter of Christ Church Rev. William Jackson, D. 1). Reg. Prof, of Greek, & Canon of Christ Church, Oxford .lohn .taiiieson, Esq. Alloa Robert Jaraieson, Esq. senr. W. S. Thomas Jameson, Ksq. Leith Henry Jardine, Esq. of the Exchequer Christophe Idle, E.s(| Lond. 5 Copies Mr Edward Jell'ery, Bookseller, J^ond. 3 Do. Robert H. Inglis, Esc|. Lond. Gilbert liines, of S;o\v. Esq. Capt. Johnstone, A. D. C. Bengal Mr Alexander Johusfon, Gilnu-non Messrs Jordan & Maxwell, Booksellers, Lond. 2 Cojiies Alexander Irvine, Esq. Advocate, Professor of Civil Law, L'niv. t'"iliii' William Irvine, Esq. Merchant, Glasgow Lord Kinnaird Alexander Keith of Ravelston, Esq. Air Robert Kemp, Edin' William Kenrick, Esq. Temple, Lond. iii ] J. Ker, Lieut. 8th Regt. N. I. Bengal William Kerr, Esq. Secretary General Post Officr, I'xlin' Charles Kerr, Esq. Abbotrnlc Robert Kerr, Esq. Berwickshire George Kinnear, I'^sq. 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Messrs Williams & Smith, Booksellers, Lond. S Copies ]\Ir James Williamson, Merchant, Edin' John Wilson, Esq. Oxford George Wilson, Esq. Lincoln's Inn, Lond. iSIr John Wilson. Student, Univ. Glasgow Mr Alexander Wilson, Bookseller, Glasgow, 3 C'opies James Wood, Esq. Leghorn Mr John Wood, Merchant, Dalkeith H. Wouldsworth, Esq. Glasgow William Wright, M. D. F. R. S. E. Charles William Wynne, Esq. M. P. Lond. William Yates, Esq. 4tli Cavalry, Bengal John Young. Esq. Prof, of Greek, Univ. Glasgow Rev. Dr Young, Hackney , Alexander Young, of Hayfiold, Esq. Capt. R. Young, 8th Regt. Native luf. Bengal, 2 Copies DISSERTATION ON THE ORIGIN OF THE SCOTTISH LANGUAGE. It is an opinion, which has been pretty generally received, and perhaps almost taken for granted, that the language, spoken in the Lowlands of Scotland, is merely a corrupt dialect of the English, or at least of the Anglo-Saxon. Those, who have adopted this idea, have assigned, some one era, some another, for the introduction of this language from the South ; each preferring tliat which seemed to have the most plausible claim, without entertaining a single doubt as to the solidity of the hypothesis, which rendered it necessary to fix such an era. Having long adhered to this hypothesis, without any par- ticular investigation, it is jjrobable that I might never have thought of calling it in ques- tion, had I not heard it positively asserted, by a learned foreigner, that we had not received our language from the English ; that there were many words in the mouths of the vulgar in Scotland, which had never passed through the channel of the Anglo-Saxon, or been spoken in England, although still used in the languages of the North of Europe ; that the Scottish was not to be viewed as a daughter of the Anglo-Saxon, but as, in common with the latter, derived from the ancient Gothic ; and that, while we had to regi'et the want of authentic records, an accurate and extensive investigation of the lan- guage of our country might throw considerable light on her ancient history, particular- ly as to the origin of her lirst inhabitants. This assertion seemed to merit a fair investigation. On this I entered, prepossessed with an opinion directly the reverse of that which I now embrace as by far most tenable. ■a fi UlSSEKTATJON ON THE ORIGIN I mil far from saying, tluit it is attended with no difficulties. Tiicsc I mean to submit t'j the puUlic, in all the force which they appear to have ; wiiile at the same time I shall exhibit a variety of considerations, which, if they amount not to full proof, seem to afibrd as much as can \\v\\ be expected on a subject necessarily involved in such obscurity, from the distance of time, and from the deficiency of historical testiuiony. The learned Camden, Father Innes, and some other respectable writers, have viewed the Picts as Welsh; and have argued, of consequence, that their language nmst have been a dialect of the Celtic. I will not contend about the name of this people ; although there is sufficient evidence, that it was written corruj)tly by the Romans. What particu- taily demands our attention, is the origin of the people themselves; and also their languatic, whether it was Gothic, or Celtic. It would serve no good purpose, to enter into any disquistion as to the supposed time of their arrival in this country. As this dissertation is intended merely in subserviency to the following work, it will be enough, if it appear that there is good reason to view tliem as a Gothic race. I. IlisTonicAL Evidence. — The testimony of venerable Bede has been universally respected, except in as far as his credulity might be viewed as influenced by ecclesiastical attachment. It has been supposed, indeed, that many of the legendary stories, now fountl in his liistory, were not written by him ; as, in a variety of instances, although they appear n the A. S. translation, they are wanting in the original. Being the earliest historian of this island, he must have been best (jualitied to give a just account of the Picts ; and although we should suppose him to have been under ecclesiastical influence in matters of religion, he could have no end to serve in giving a false account of the ori It is suflicient to reply, that he undoubtedly gives the received belief of his time, which had been transmitted from preceding ages, and 1 OF THE SCOTTISH LANGUAGE. 3 tt hich no writer, for nearly nine hundred years after him, e.ver ventured to controvert. If Bedc could not know whence the Picts came, it can hardly be supposed tliat xce should have superior means of information. Bede was certainly well acquainted with the Britons, or Welsh. Now, although it should be supposed, that he had been misinformed as to the origin of the Picts, his asser- tion amounts to a full proof that they were quite a different people from the former. For had they been Welsh, or indeed Celts of any description, the similarity of language could not have entirely escaped his observation. If an intelligent Highlander can at this day, after a national separation of nearly fourteen hundred years, make himself luider- stood by an Irishman ; it is totally inconceivable, that the language of the Picts, if Bri- tish, should have so far lost its original character in a far shorter period. An attempt has lately been made, by a learned writer, to set aside this testimony of Bcde, who, it is admitted " was contemporary with the Pictish government." " He speaks," it is said, " douhtjully of the Picts, as the second people, who came into this island, fiom Scythia ; first to Ireland ; and thence to North-Britain. But though Bede states all this, rather as \\ hat he had heard, than as what he knew, his authority has de- luded many writers, who did not inquire whether what he had said modestli/ could pos- sibly be true."' Caledonia, p. l.Oy. N. But why is it said, that Bede speaks doubtfully, or, as it is afterwards somewhat soften- ed, modestly, of the Picts ? There can be no other reason for this assertion, than that he uses the phrase, ui perhibent. He therefore states all this, rather as what he had heard, than as what he ktiezc. Doubtless, he could not k/iow it, but by some kind of relation. For although " contemporary with the Pictish government," it has never been supposed that he could have ocular demonstration as to the landing of this people. Is it meant to be objected, that Bede does not quote his authorities, or that he refers only to traditio- nary testimony? In a matter of this kind, would it be surprising, that he could have re- ferred to nothing else ? Viewing it in this light, there is not the least evidence that it was not the general belief. Had it been merely the report of some, opposed bv a diffe- rent account of the origin of this people, he would in all probability have said, — ut non- nulli perhibent. Had he known any argument against this account, one, for example, from the diversity of language, would he not naturally have stated this ? But must perhibent necessarily be restricted to mere report? Has it never been used to denote historical narration ? Or, as it occurs in the language of Bede, may it not rather be viewed as respecting the more circumstantial account which follows, concerninrr tlie size and number of the ships,— (ut perhibent, hmgts navibus non mitttis,) than as re- specting what precedes, in regard to the migi'ation of the Picts from Scythia ? It is a sin- gular circumstance, that Bede uses the very same verb Avith respect to the chiefs of the Anglo-Saxons. Duces fuisse perliibentur eorum primi duo fratres Hengist et Horsa. Lib. i. c. 15. Could Bede be in any doubt, whether these were the leaders of his ancestors, little more than 200 years before his own time ? If, however, Bede wrote doubtfully, how could his authority " delude many writers ?" If he indeed mentions this only as a modest opinion, as a matter of mere hearsay, as a a 2 A msSKRTATlON ON THE ORICI>f thine about which he was himself in heskatioi} ; whence is it, that none of these " iniiny writers," iliiring nearly ten centuries, ever adverted to this till now? Were they all, without exception, so very prone to dtlusioti ? This is undoubtedly the conclusion we are left to deduce. They were so blind as to mistake mere doubt for autliorily ; and therefore " they did not inquire whcllier what he had said modestly could possibly be true." Here the secret breaks out. Bede must necessarily be viewed as writing doubt- jully, because he could not possibly be writing the truth. For although neither Bede, nor his followers, did ///, mIio make so distinguished a figure in our history, and w ho so long occujiied by far the greatest part of Scotland. The general persuasion of the old English « riters m as the same with theirs. But the learned gentleman, formerly referred to, views every species of evidence as of no weight whatsoever, ^\hen opposed to that of a topographical kind, arising from the names of i)laccs in the first and second centuries ; especially as these arc found in the work of Ptolemy the Geographer. It was my original intention, in this prcliminai-y dissertation, to throw together, as briefly as possible, the various circumstances which indicate the Gotliic origin of our ancestors, without entering into tlie wide 'field of controversy. But however uni^leasant this task, with a gentleman especially, whose abilities and indefatig- able industry I am bound to acknowledge, and wlio, whatever n)ay be his mistakes, de- serves well of his country for the pains he has taken to elucidate her ancient histoiy; yet I find it indispensably necessary to investigate the grounds on which he proceeds, as other- wise any thing here exhibitetl, under the notion of argument, n)ight be viewed as already invalidated. In order to erect or support his system, that the Picts were Britons, or the same people witli the AVelsh, and that no language was spoken in Scotland, before the introduction of what is called the Scoto-Sa.xon, save the Celtic ; the learned writer finds it necessary to assume certain daia of a singular description. He either takes for granted, or flatters himself that he has proved, that, till a late period, there were none but Celts in Germany ; that the Roman historians are not worthy of credit, in as far as they insinuate any thing opposed to this hypothesis; that the Gotlis were diftercnt from the Scythians; that the Belgic was merely a dialect of the Celtic ; and tliat die stone monuments to be found in Britain were all constructed by Celts. He ixssumes, that there were none but Celts in Germany, till a late period. He does not indeed fi.\ the time of the lirst migration of the Gotlis into that country; but seems to thmk that it was scarcely piior to the Cliristiau era. For, as far as I can perceive, the only proof which he appeals to, is that of there being " only two tongues (except the Greek) heard on die \festern side of the Euxine, the Getic, and the Sarmatic," when Ovid was banished to 'iomi by Augustus. But, because there was a body of Goths at this time residing on the luixine, it ciumot amount to a proof, that none of this race had previously settled in Gcnuimy, w in the northern countries. The .Smv', who certainly were not OF THE SCOTTISH LANGUAGE. 7 Celts, were inhabitants of Germany in the time of Julius Caesar, possessing the country now called Mecklenburg, and some neighbouring districts. The Cimbn extended to the Baltic. By many, indeed, they have been viewed as Celts. But the writers of the Uni- versal History, whom Mr Chalmers often quotes with respect, observe on this head ; " The learned Grotius, and after him Shcringham, and most of the northern vtritcrs, maintain, with arguments xcliick Itavc not yet ban cviijutfil, that the Cinibrians, Gctes and Gotiis were one and the same nation ; that Scandinavia was first peopled by them, and that from thence they sent colonies into the islands of the Baltic, tlic Chersonesus, and the adjacent places, yet destitute of inhabitants."' Vol. XIX. 2.54. A very able and learned writer, who has paid particular attention to the subject, con- tends that " tlic Cimbri, who, injunction \\\\.\\ the Teutones, invaded Italy, and were de- feated by Marius," were Goths. " The country," he says, " whence they proceeded, their close alliance with a Gothic tribe, and the description given of them by the Greek and Latin historians, who appear to have considered them of the same race with the Teutones, clearly prove them to have been of German origin. (Plut. in Mario. Livv, Epit. L. 68. Percy's Preface to Mallet's Nortli. Antiq. p. 38. Mallet, "Vol. I. 32.) I'o these consi- derations it may be added, that t!ic name of their leader Boiioylv is evidently of Gothic structure ; and that Tacitus, \vho, in his description of Germany, particularly and express- ly marks the few tribes who appeared not to be Germans, is entirely silent respecting the Celtic origin of the Cimini ; and in his account points out no ditfcrcnce between them and the other inhabitants. Tacit. Germ. 37." Edin. Kev. for July 1803, p. 367- 36s. The Siiioms have never been viewed as Celts, but generally acknowledged as the more immediate ancestors of the Swedes, although some say, of the Danes. The Sitones, also a Scandinavian nation, were settled in these northern regions before the time of Tacitus. Caesar testifies, that the Teutones and Cimbri, beibrc his time, patrum iiostrm'um manor'ui, after harassing all Gaul, had attempted to enter into the territories of the Belgac. Gall. Lib. ii. c. 4. But when ancient writers insinuate any thing unfavourable to our author's hypothesis, he refuses to give them credit. We have seen with what freedom Tacitus is treated on another point. Here he meets with the same treatment, although in good company. " When J. Caesar, and Tacitus, speak of Celtic colonics proceeding from Gaul into Ger- many, they only confound those recent colonies with the ancient people, who appear to have been unkncfitn to those celebrated writers. Strabo, who was not well informed, with regard to Western Europe, acquaints us, indeed, that the Daci ab antiqm, of old, lived to- wards Gernuuii/, around the fountains of the Danube. Vol. L 446. If his notion of an- tiquity extended to the age of Herodotus, \\c might leam, from the father of history, that the Danube had its springs among the Celtae." Caled. p. 15. N. Respectable as the testimony of Herodotus is, it cannot, in this instance, be preferred to that of Strabo ; for it is evident that he knew very little of the Celts, and this only by re- port. The accurate and intelligent Rennell does not lay much stress on the passage refer- red to. " Our author," he says, " had heard of the Celtae, who lived beyond the columns of Hercules, and bordered on the Cynesiae or Cynetae, the most remote of all the nations. 8 DISSERTATION ON THE ORIGIN •wlio inhabited ihc western parts of Europe. — Who the latter were intended for, we know not." Gcog. Syst. of Herod, p. 41. 42. If tlie ancient inliabitants of Germany were u/iliiwuii to Caesar and Tacitus, with what consistency is it said, only in the page immediately preceding, m here the writer speaks of IVIascou's \\ork on the ancient Germans, that " the Gothic people," whom he " considers as the first settlers of his country, obviously came in on the Celtic aborigines ; as ice kariifrom J. Caesar and Tacitus?" Caled. p. 14. N. Could these celebrated writers acknowledge the Celts as aborigines, aUhough " the ancient people"' who inhabited Ger- many, " appear to have been unknown to" them ? He also takes it for granted, that the Goths were a diftcrent people from the Scythians. " Every inquiiy," he observes, " tends to demonstrate, that the tribes who originally came into Europe, by the Hellespont, were remarkably diftcrent, in their persons, their mannere, and their language, from those people, who, in after ages, migrated from Asia, by the more devious course, around the northern extremities of the Euxine, and its kindred lake. This striking variety must for ever evince tlie difference bettveen the. Gothic and the Sct/thic hords, however they may have been confounded, by the inaccuracy of some writers, or by the design of others." Ibid. p. 12. This assertion seems to have at least the merit of novelty. It is probably hazarded by our author, because he wishes it to appear, — that the Goths did not enter Europe so early as he finds the Scythians did ; and also, that the former were never so powerful a race as to be able to people a great part of Europe. But we need not spend time on it; as this passage contains all the i)roof that is exhibited. I shall only add, that, according to Rcnnell, the Scythia of Herodotus answers generally to the Ukraine, — its first river on tiie west being the Danube." Geog. Syst. p. 50. Our author admits, that, during tlie fifth ccnturj' before our common era, the Goths " inhabited the western shores of the Euxine, on the south of the Danube." Caled. p. 12. 13. He places them so nearly on the same spot with Herodotus, that he cannot easily prove that those, whom he calls Gotiis, were not the same people whom " the fatlier of history" calls Scythians. The accurate Reviewer, formerly quoted, has shewn that, according to Diodorus Siculus, Uie Scythians settled beyond the Tanais, on tlie Borders of Thrace, before the time of Sesostris, who, it is supposed, flourished about 1400 A. C. Hence he considers the opi- nion, independently of its direct evidence, that " 500 A. C, they had advanced to the western extremity of Gaul, as by no means absurd or improbable." Edin. Ivev. ut sup. p. 358. He afterwards shews, that Strabo (Lib. vii. p. 295. Causab.) " evidently considers the Getae as a Scythian tribe ; ' adding, " Pliny says, ' From the Borysthcnes, over the whole adjoining country, all arc Scj/thiaii nations, diftercnt tribes of w horn dw ell near its banks : in one [)art the Octac, wliom tlie Romans call the Daci.' Hist. Nat. Lib. iv. c. 12. Za- molzis is mentioned by Herodotus, Melp. p. '■1'69; and by Strabo [nt sup.] as worshipped by the Getae ; an;] the authors of the FJymol. Mag., and Suidas, (in voc. Zamolzis) un-. dcrstand the Getae of Herodotus, whom they quote, to be Scythians." Ibid. p. 359- OF THX SCOTTISH LAXGL'AGJ:. t) Perhaps tlie strangest foundation of Mr C.'s theory, is his opinion %\ith respect to the language of the Belgae. He is well aware, that if it appear from ancient historj', that their speech was Gothic, his whole fabric must fall to the ground ; because it is undeni- able, that Belgic colonies were settled in Britain before the invasion by Julius Caesar. To me, the existence of the Belgae in Britain, when it was first visited by the Romans, had al- ways appeared an irrefragable proof, that the Gothic language was very early spoken, if not in the northern, at least in the southern, parts of our island ; and of itself a strong pre- sumption, that it was pretty generally extended along the eastern coast. But our author boldly cuts the Gordian knot; finding it easier, doubtless, to do so than to loose it. " The British Belgae," he says, " were of a Celtic lineage." " This inquiry vith re- gard, both to the hneage and colonization of the Belgae, in Britain, has arisen, bv infer- ence, rather than by direct information, from J. Caesar, when he speaks of the Belgae, a.s occupying one third of Gaul, and as using a different tongue, from the other Gauls. De Bel. Gal. 1. i. c. 1. Yet from the intimations of Livy, and Strabo, Pliny, and Luciin, we may infer, that J. Caesar meant dialect, «hcn he spoke of language. He ought to be al- lowed to explain his own meaning, by his context. He afterwards says, ' that the Belgae were chiefly descended from tlie Germans ; and, passing the Rhine, in ancient times, seiz- ed the nearest countiy of the Gauls.' Ibid. Lib. ii. c. 4. But Germany, as we have seen, was possessed by the Celtae, in ancient titnes," &c. Caled. p. 16. N. It is evident, that the learned writer, notwithstanding the force of histoiical evidence to the contrary, is extremely unwilling to admit any distinct migration of the Belgae to Bri- tain. For he adds ; " It is even probable, that the Belgae of Kent (Cantae) may have obtained from their neighbours, the Belgae of Gaul, their Gaelic name; and even derived such a tincture, from their intercourse, both in their speech, and in their habits, as to ap- pear to the undistinguishing eyes of strangers, to be of a dotibt/ul descent.'" It is asserted, that Caesar gives no direct information as to the Belgae using a different tongue from the other Gauls. He does not, indeed, give any information of this kind. For, although he uses tlie common name for the country, into which the Belgae had forced their way, calling it Gallia, he expressly distinguishes them from the Gauls. With respect to the difference of the language of this different people, he gives the most direct informa- tion. So little gi'ound is there for the most remote idea, that he meant only a peculiar dialect, that he uses all those distinguishing modes of expression, which could be deemed necessai7 for characterizing a different race. He marks this difference, not merely in lan- guage, but in customs and laws. Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt. Lib. i. c. 1. After the lapse of many centuries, every traveller observes the strong attach- ment of the Celts, not only to their language, but to their customs ; and can it be suppos- ed, that they were so thoroughly changed by residing a few centuries in Belgium, although sun'ounded by kindred tribes ? Caesar does not speak like a man who was only throwmg out a vague opinion. For he elsewhere informs us, that, in consequence of particular inquiry, which he personally made at the deputies of the Rhemi, who of the Belgae were most con- tiguous to Gaul, " he found that the greatest part of the Belgae were sprung from the Germans, and that they had anciently crossed the Rhine, and taken up their abode there b 10 PISSEllTATIOV ON' THE ORIOI>f hccause of the fertility of the country, and expelled the Gauls who inhabited these places." Lib. ii. c. 4. Is it not evident from tliis languap;e, that, not only Caesar considered the Gauls as a dif- ferent race from the Germans, but that these deputies were fully persuaded of the same thing? Had they known, or even suspected, that the iniiabitants of Germany were origi- nally the same people with the Gauls, would they not naturally have said, that they had sprung from the Gauls of Germany, and not from those of Gallia? Does not the term ortos properly refer to the people or kindred, and not to any former place of residence ? If a sinonent term ; as Batavoon the whole, he is disposed to conclude, that " our language was separately form- ed in the two countries, and that it has o\\ed its identity to its being constructed of similar materials, by similar gradations, and l)y nations in the same state of society." He thinks that the Scots borrowed ihe French idioms and phrases, like the English, from the Nor- man llomance, " the most widely diffused and most cultivated language, excepting the Italian, of civilized Europe." He also ascribes a considerable influence to the eai'lv and OF THE SCOTTISH LANGUAGE. 25 close union between the French and Scots, justly observing, tliat any improvements, bor- rowed from the former, ^^ ould not be retarded in Scotland, as they were in England, by a different language being spoken in the country from that which was spoken at court ; be- cause " the dialect of the Scottish kings was the same with that of their subjects." Spec. I. 226.-233. As it is evident, that the language could not have been imported into Scotland, by Iht- Saxon refugees, w ith its French idioms ; it is equally clear, that these were not borrowed from the English. For, in this case, the language in Scotland, must, in its improvements, still have been at least a century behind that of England. Although this had been verified by flict, it would scarcely have been credible, that our fathers had been indebted to the English for these improvements. The two nations were generally in a state of hostility; and it is never during war, that nations borrow from each other refinements in language, unless a few r^ili tary terms can be viewedin this light. Too few of our early writers resided long enough in England, to have made any material change on the language of their country, when they returned. Besides, we have a great variety of French terms and idioms, that have been early introduced into our language, which do not seem to have been ever known in En'f- land. Here, also, a circumstance ought to be called into account, which seems to have been hitherto overlooked on this subject. Many families are mentioned by our historian-i, as having come out of P'rance and settled in Scotland, at different periods. It appears, in- deed, that many families, of French or Norman extraction, had come into Scotland during the reign of INIalcolm Canmore. Sub haec etiam tempora, (says Lesley) Freser, Sanchir, jMonteth, Montgomery', Campbell, Brise, Betoun, Tailyefer, Bothuell, ingens denique no- bilium numerus, ex Gallia venit. De Reb. Scot. Lib. vi. p. 201. It is natural to sup- pose that these would introduce many French terms and idioms ; and, as Mr Ellis ob- serves, the same language having been spoken at the court and in the countiy, there would be no resistance to them. Here, perhaps, it may be proper to take notice of another objection to the derivation of our language from Scandinavia. This is its great affinity to the A.-Saxon. But this is of no weight. For, although it appears that a variety of terms were used in the Scandinavi- an dialects, which had not passed into the A.-Saxon and other Germ, dialects, the struc- ture of both was so much the same, that ancient writers speak of them as one language, ia the time of Ethelred the son of Edgar. Ilia aetate eadem fuit lingua Anglica, Noiwegica etDanica; mutatio autem facta est, occupata per Wilhclmum Nothum Anglia. Gunn- laug. Sag. p. 87. V. Peringskiold. Moniment Upsal. p. i82. Seren. De V^et. Sueo- Goth. cum Anglis LTsu p. 14. 15. Some have affected to view the celebrated Odin, as a fabulous character. The more in- telligent northern writers indeed acknowledge that he, to whom great antiquity is ascribed, and who was worshipped as a god, must be viewed in this light. Yet they admit the existence of a later Odin, who led the Scandinavians towards the shores of the Baltic M hile it is a presumption in favour of the existence of such a person, it is a further proof that, in an early age, the Saxons and Scandinavians were viewed as the same people ; that both d i3(j i)lSSERTAT10N' ON THE ORIGIX Bede, and the northern w liters, trace the lineage of Hengist and Horsa, the chiefs who conquered England, to Odin. Peringskiold has given the genealogy of Hengist, as the twelfth from Odin, which he collected from the most ancient documents, pardy printed, and partly in MS. Bede acknow ledges the same descent, Hist. Lib. xv. although he shortens the line by several generations. in. — The Scandinavian origin of the Picts is illustrated by the history of the Ouknky Islands. We have seen, that, according to some ancient accounts, they first took posses- sion of these. That they were, in succeeding ages, inhabited by Picts, is acknowledged on all hands. Wallace published an authentic Diploma, concerning tlie succession of the Earls of Orkney, digested A. 1403, not only from the relation of their " faythfuU antecessors and progenitors," but from books, wTitings and chronicles, both in the Latin, and in the Nor- wegian language ; and attested by the Bishop, clergy, and all the principal people of these islands. In thi,s they inform Eric, king of Norway, that, wl>en the Scandina\ians took possession of these islands, (\ihich was in the ninth century) they were inhabited by two nations, the Pcii and Pape; and that the country was not then called Orkney, but the laud of the Peis; as yet appears from the name given to the sea that divides Orkney from Scotland, which is called the Pet/and Sea." V. Wallace's Account, p. 129- This indeed is still called, in the Icelandic histories, Petluiul Fiord. There is not the least ground to doubt that the Picts are here designed Peti. This is tlie name given, by Scandinavian -writers, to the Picts. Saxo Grammaticus, who flourish- ed in the twelfth century, calls Scodand Petia; Lib. ix. p. 154. It has been conjectured, \vith great probability, that the Pape, or Papae, were Irish priests ; who, speaking a dif- ferent language from the Pets, were viewed by the Norwegian settlers as constituting a ditVerent nation, although acting only in a religious character. For it appears from Arius Frode, that some of these Papae had found their way to Iceland, before it was discovered by the Norwegians. It has been said, indeed, that " there is reason to believe that the Orkney islands were planted, during early ages, by the posterity of the same people, who settled Western I'u- ropc,'' i. c. by Celts; C'alcd. p. 261. The only proof oft(3red for this idea is, " that Druid remains, and stone monuments exist; and that celts and Hint arrow heads, have been found in the Orkney islands ; while none of these have ever been discovered in the Shetland islands." " This," it is added, " evinces, that the Celtic people, who colonized South and North Britain, also penetrated into the Orkney, but not into the Shetland, islands ; and this fact also s/icxcs, that those several antiquities owe their origin to the Celts, who early colonized the Orkney islands alone, and not to the Scandinavians, who equally colonized both the Orkney, and the Shetland, islands ;" Ibid. "VV hethcr what is here asserted, as to " Druid remains, &c." be true, I do not presently inquire. Let it sufiice to observe, that such is the mode of reasoning, adopted by the learned gentleman, as plainly to shew how much he is here at a loss for argument. This OF THE SCOTTISH LAXOUAGE. ^2} is indeed a complete specimen of what is called reasoning in a circk. The existence of some monuments in Orkney, contrasted with the want of them in Siietland, evinces tluit " the first setders in Orkney were Celts ; and also sheus that these stone monuments were Celtic." It is admitted, that " scarce^/ any of the names of places in Orkney or Shedand, are Celtic." " They are all," it is said, " Teutonic, in the Scandinavian form ;" Ibid. Now, this is a very strong fact. We may, indeed, lay aside the limitation. For the most com- petent judges have not found uni). If the Picts, who inhaljited the Orkney islands, were Celts, w hence is it that not a single vestige of their language remains ? To this query, which so naturally arises on the subject, it is by no means a satisfactory answer, that, " owin" probably to some phijskal cause, tlie original people seem to have disappeaied, in some period of a prior date to our era."' AVhat could possibly give birth to so stranoe a con- jecture? It is the solitary testimony of one writer, who lived in an aoe in which nothinn- could have been written that was not true, because it « ould not have been received had it been false. " During the wtellii^ent age of Solinus, those islands were supposed to be uninhabited; and to be ' only tlie haunt of seals, and ores, and sea mew's clanif;" Ibid-. Are we then to view this as the physical cause of the disappearance of the original peo- ple? Were these Celts so harrassed by " seals and ores, and sea-mews," that they forsook their abodes, and sought a place of repose on the continent ? Or did these troublesome animals in fact swallow up the wretched inhabitants of Orkney? But can this dream of Solinus be seriously mentioned ? Or can it be received in an " intelligent age?" Ere this be the case, some cause, whetlier physical or moral, which has at least some degree of plausibility, must be assigned for the supposed disappearance of a people, who had been so regularly setded as to have stone monuments and buildings, and so well versed in the art of war as to be acquainted m ith the use of celts. But it is evi- dent, that Solinus was veiy ill informed concerning the Orkney islands ; as he says, they were only three in number. And in what he asserts as to their being uninhabited, (va- cant homine), he gives not the remotest hint that the contrary had ever been the case • but seems indeed to consider them as uninhabitable ; Lib. 25. Since, then, the account given by Solinus is so directly conti^ary to all probability, to what purpose grasp at it? The reason is obvious. The great ^o/wovY//;//i!Cff/ test, of the genealogy of nations, is here pointed directly against the learned writer. He must either part with this, or devote all the Celts of Orkney to destruction. It is only by some such supposition as that which he makes, that any reason can be given, why the names of places in Orkney are all Teutonic As the stone buildings must necessarily be ascribed to Celts ; u hence comes it, that there is not one topographical vestige of this race in Ork- ney, although the names imposed by the British, in Scotland, remained \on^ after the peo[>le were lost? It is supposed, that the " original people" totally disappeared in some unaccountable manner; and of course, that tlieir possessions were, for centuries perhaps, uninhabited. 25 DISSERTATION ON THE ORIGIN But that no armunent may be founded on the Teutonic names in Orkney, we are in- furuicd, that " the topogi'aphy of Orkney, Shetland, and C'athness, is completely dif- ferent from the Saxon topography of Scotland, which does not exhibit one Scandinavian name that is distinct from the Northumbrian Dano-Saxon ;" that " of the Scandinavian names in Orkney, and in Cathness, the great body terminates, according to the Gothic construction, in Busier, signifying a dwelling-place, in Ster, denoting a station or settle- ment, and in Scfer, a seat, or settling-place. — But there is not a single histance of the Busier, the Sier, or Seier, in the topography of proper Scotland." Caled. p. 489- Three terms are liere mentioned, wliich do not occur, as far as I know, to the south of Caithness. They are most probably Norwegian ; although perhaps it may be doubted, if they are to be accounted among the most ancient Scandinavian terms. G. Andreae is re- ferred to : but I can find none of these terms in his Lexicon. Nor docs it appear, that they are common in Orkney, lirand mentions Kehister in Shetland, p. 110. Ikit a va- riety of other terminations, common to Orkney and Shetland, and to Scotland, are cjuite overlooked by the author oi Caledonia; as Dale, Ness, JVick, Head, Ton, Bye, so common in the South of S., and Burgh. V. Brand, and Statist. Ace. Boxv, which is undeniably Scan- dinavian, is the name given, in Orkney, to the principal house on a farm, or on an estate, 'i'luit this was not unknown in Scotland, appears from what is said in Diet. vo. Boo. IV. — A pretty certain test of the affinities of nations, is their Architecture. A \ ariety of circulai" buildings in Scotland, and in the Oi-kney islands, are, traditionally as- cribed to tlie Picts. They are found in difterent parts of the country, and are of two kinds. One of these is above ground, the other almost entirely under it. The first in- cludes their circular spires and castles ; as the spires of Abernethy and Brechin, and the castles of Glenbeg in Inverness-shire. V. Gordon's Itin. p. \66. Their subterranean build- ings, or those which are nearly so, externally exhibiting the appearance of a tumulus or mound, are still more numerous. Many of these are described by Pennant, in his Tour, and by the writers of the Statistical Accounts. These are almost universally ascribed to the Picts, -whether appearing in the Lowlands, in the Highlands, or in the Islands of Orkney. In some instances, however, they are called Danish or Norwegian. Even this variation, in the voice of tradition, may per- haps be viewed as a proof of the general conviction, which, from time immemorial, has prevailed in this country, that the Picts were originally a Scandinavian people. They are by far most numerous in those places where we are certain that the Scandi- navians had a permanent abode ; as in Sutherland and Caithness, on the coast of Hoss- shire, on the mainland, and in the Orkney and Shetland islands. In Sutherland, there are three in the P. of Kildonan, Statist. Ace. iii. 410; six in the P. of Far, Ibid. p. 543 ; almost every where in the P. of Rogart, Ibid. p. 567. There is a chain of Pictish buildings on each side of Loch Brura, P. of Clyne Ibid. x. 304. In Caithness, P. of Olrick, there are six or seven, Ibid. xii. 163, a number in Wick, and "throughout the country in general," Ibid. x. 32 ; in Dunnet, ^q. OF THE SCOTTISH LANGUAGE. &§ The names of these buildings claim peculiar attention. It would appear that they are all Gothic. In the Orkneys they are called Burghs or Bnig/is. This word cannot rea- sonably be claimed as Celtic. Nor is it confined to the islands. It is gi\en to one of these stmcturcs in Caithness, called the Bourg of Dunbeth. Pennant's Tour, 1 769, p- 195. There is an evident affinity between this name, and that imposed on a fortifica- tion, in Angus, which tradition calls a Pictish camp. V. Diet. vo. Buugh. As the Burians in the South of S. are generally viewed as Pictish, although the term may be rendered burying-places, it is not iiniirobable that some of them were ei-ections of the same kind with the Burghs. V. Diet. vo. IkuiAX. They are denominated Picts'' houses. Now, as the Picts certainly had names for their foriresses in their own language, had this been Celtic, it is most natural to think that, in some instances, these names would have been preserved, as well as the Celtic designations of rivers, mountains, &c. ascribed to this people. They are also called Duns. This term is mentioned as equivalent to the other two. " I'here is a range of watch-houses, — and many remains of burghs, duns, or Picts' houses." P. Northmaven, prkney, Statist. Ace. xii. 365. Another name is also given to them by the vulgar. A^. Diet. vo. Howie, Castle-howie. Even in those places where Gaelic is now spoken, they seem to have a Gothic designa- tion. The valley in which Castle Troddan, Chalamine, &c. have been erected, is called G\e\-\-beg. The final syllable does not seem Gaelic. It is probably corrupted from Goth. bi/gg-a to build, bi/gd, pagus ; q. the glen of the buildings or houses. The Pictish castle, in the P. of Loth, Sutherland, is in like manner called Loth-beg, q. the building situated on the river Loth. The signification lit/lc, cannot well apply here. For what sense could be made of the little Loth ? They are indeed, in one place, called Uags. " In Glenloch," says Mr Pope, " are three [Pictish buildings], called by the country peojyle Uags." Pen- nants Tour, 1769- Append, p. 338. This may be from Gael, uaigh, " a den, grave, cave ;"' Shaw. In the P. of Liff, they have tlie synonymous designation of ITeems or caves. But these are obviously names imposed by the ignorant people; because they knew neither the use, nor the origin, of these buildings. I am informed, that in Inverness-shire, the foundations of various houses have been discovered, of a round form, with spots of cultivated ground surrounding them ; and that when the Highlanders are asked to \vhom they belonged, they, say that they were the houses of the Drinnich or Trinnich, i. e. of the labourers, a name which they give to the Picts. i3y the way, it may be observed, that this implies, that, according to the tradi- tion of the country, the Picts m ere cultivators of the soil, while the Celts led a wandering lite. This seems to confirm the sense given of the name Cruithneach, imposed by the Irish on the Picts, q. eaters ofzcheaf. It iias always appeared to me a powerful proof of the Gothic origin of the Picts, that they had left their names to structures apparently unknown to the Celtic inhabitants of Britain. Lut, of late, this argument has been pointed the other way. Mr King, a writer of consideiable celebrity, contends that all these are Celtic monuments. The pi oof he gives, is the existence of some buildings of a similar kind in Cornwall and South Wales, 3<^ DISSERTATION' OX THE ORIGIN It appears, however, that the remains of what are accounted similar buildinsrs, iu South-Britain, are very scanty. " There are still so?ne vestiges,'" he says, " to ascertain the fact. For in the ])arish of Morvali in Corn\rall, are the remains of a most remark- able structure, eallcil Castle Chun, tiiat, as it appears to me, cannot well be considered in any other light, than as one of the tirst sort of very rude imitations of the mode of build- ing round castles, according to hints given by the Phenicians, and before the Britons learned the use of cenunt. It hears a no small resemblance to the Duns, near Griaiuin Hill in Scotland, and in the Isle oi Hay. " It consisted of a strong \\all of stones without cement, surrounding a large oval area^ and having the interior space evidently divided into several separate divisions, ranging round the inside, leaving an open oval space in the ccntie. It was even much larger than tlie two great Duns just referred to in Scotland; the area being 125 feet, by 1 10; and it was moreover suiToundeci, on the outside, by a large deep ditch, over which was a zig- zag narrow passage, on a bank of earth, with a strong rude uucemented wall on each side. " From the largeness of the area within, it seems exceeding probable, that (whilst the surrounding \Milled divisions served for stores) the more interior oval space was for habi- tation, like that in a Dun, supplied \\ ith floors of timber, supported by posts near the mid- dle, but yet leaving still a smallei- open area in the centre of all. " Dr Borlase conceived that this, \vith some other hill-J'ortresses, Mhich are continued in a chain insight of each other, must have been Danish." Munim. Antiq. iii. 204, 205. But this fort, from the description given of it, appears to differ considerably fiom those called Pictisli. It more nearly resembles the hill-forts, such as Finharcn, and that called The La-US in the P. of Monifieth, both in Fortarshire. Almost the only difference is, tliat, from whatever cause, they retain indubitable marks of vitrification. In the latter, the ves- tiges of a variety of small buildings, between the inner and outer wall, are perfectly dis- tinct. It is no inconsiderable argument against Mr King's hypothesis, that Dr Borlase, who was thoroughly acquainted with the Welsh Anti(iuities, saw no reason to think that these ■buildings were British. Besides, it would be natural to conclude that, if the Picts were originally what are now- called Welsh, and had learned this mode of building from their ancestors in South Bri- tain, such remains ^^ ould be flir more generally diffused in that })art of the island. It is eviilent, indeed, that these structures were unknown to the Britong in the time of Julius Caesar. In the description of their civitates, there is not a hint of any thing that has the least resemblance. Nor are they mentioned by succeeding Roman writers. 1 he learned writer, probably aware of this important objection, brings forward a very strange hypothesis, apparendy with the design of setting it aside. He thinks that the Picts, who penetrated as far as London, while Theodosius was in Britain, saw the British fortresses, ami on their return imitated them. ]\Iunim. Antiq. iii. 187. But this theory is loaded with ditiiculties. Although it were certain that the Picts had penetrated as far as London, there is no evidence that tltey ever were in Cornwall or South Wales. Be- or THE SCOTTISH LANGUAGE. 3l sides, although they had seen such buikiings ; the South Britons, long befoic tliis time, hav- ing been completely brought into a provincial state by the Romans, they must necessarily have become acquainted with a stile of architecture far superior to that of the subter- ranean description. We certainly know, that it was because they were enervated by lux- ury, that they became so easy a prey to the Picts and Scots. Now, if the Picts were so prone to imitate their enemies, a rare thing, especially among savage nations, would they not have preferred that superior mode of architecture, which they must have observed wherever they went? Did they need to go to London, to learn the art of building dry stone walls ; when, for more than two centuries before this, so many Roman casteUa had been erected on their own frontiers ? If it should be supposed, as this theory is e\idently untenable, tliat the ancient Celts brought this mode of building into Scotland with them ; whence is it, that the Irish Celts of this country universally ascribe these forts to a race of people different from them- selves ? As they w ere undoubtedly of the same stock with the Welsh, and seem, in com- mon with them, to have had their first settlement in South Britain ; how did the Irish Celts completely lose this simple kind of architcclurer Did they retain the Abers and the Dims, &c., the names of rivers and mountains, wliich had been imposed by the Picts, because their language was radically the same ; and yet perceive no vestiges of na- tional affinity whatsoever, in the very mode of defending themselves from their enemies, from wild beasts, or from the rage of the elements ; He, who can suppose, that the Celts of Scotland would thus renounce all claim to the architecture of their ancestors, as- cribes to them a degree of modest}-, in this instance, unexampled in any other. Mr King admits, that one example of this mode of buildmg has been described as ex- isting near Drontheim in Norway. It may be observed, that the name is the same as in Orkney. It is called 'Huahbiirgli. He reasons as if this were the only one knowni n the North of Europe ; and makes a very odd supposition, although consistent with the former, that the Danes imitated this mode of building, in consequence of their incursions into Scodand. Y. ■\Iunim. iii. 107- 108. But another has been described by Dal- berg, in his Suecia, called the castle of Ymsburg, which is situated in Westrogothia. V. Barry's Orkn. p. 97- It is probable, that there are many others in these northern reoions unknown to us, either because they have not been particularly described, or because we are not sufficiently versant in Northern topography, ^\'lrat are called Danish forts, in the Western Islands, bear a strong resemblance of these Pictish buildings. V. Statist. Ace. (P. Barvas, Lewis,) xix. 270. 271. It is well known, that there are round towers in Ireland, resembling those at Brechin and Abemethy, and that some intelligent writers ascribe them to the Danes, althout^h Sir James Ware claims the honour of them to his own country-men; Antiq. I. 129. The DancA-Raths, as another kind of building is denominated in Ireland, are evidently the same with the Picts' houses. Their description exactly corresponds; Ibid. I. 137. 138. These Ware acknowledges to be Danish; although his editor Harris differs from him, because Rath is an Irish word. Dr Ledwich, who contends for the Danish origin of these forts, expresses his " wonder at ]\Ir Hai'ris, who inconsiderately argues for 94 DISSERTATION' OS THE ORIGIN^ the Celtic ori<;hml of llicsc forts, and that solely from their Irish appellation, Rath, which, though it figuratively imports a fortress, primarily. signified security." He adds; " In my opinion it is doubtful, whether lia/h is not a Teutonic word ; for we find, in Germany, Junkcrraht, Immevra/it, Ra/it-vorwald, &c. applied to artificial mounts and places of de- fence, as in Ireland." Antiq. of Ireland, p. 185. Perhaps his idea is confirmed by the use of A. S. zcracth. Although it primarily signifies a wreath, or any thing plaited, ii has been transferred to a fortification; sustentaculum, nnmimen. Burh xcrathum werian ; Urbem muniniine defendere; Caed. p. 43. 21. Lye. IMost probably, it was first appli- ed to those simple inclosures, made for defence, by means of wattles, or wicker-work. It may be added, that to this day the houses of the Icelanders, the most unmingled colo- ny of the Goths, retain a striking resemblance of tlie Pictish buildings. They are in a great measure under ground, so as externally to assume somewhat of the appearance of liillocks or tumuli. The author of Caledonia frequently refers to " the erudite Edward King," praising him as " a profound. antiquary." " After investigatinp;," he says, " the stone monuments, the ancient castles, and the barbarous manners of North Britain, he gives it as his judgment, ' that the Picts were descended from the aboriginal Britons;" Caled. p. 233. But the learned gentleman has not mentioned, that one of the grounds on w hich jNIr King rests his judgment is, that " the Pictish buildings, or those so called, resemble the British remains in Cornwall and South Wales." It is singular, that while both lay down the same general principle, as a powerful argument in proof of the Celtic origin of the Picts, the one should attempt to prove that these structures are Celtic, and the other strenuously contend that they are Scandinavian, and that the Picts had no hand in their erection. The chief reason assigned for the latter hypothesis is, that " those Burgs, or strengths, only exist in the countries where the Scandinavian people erected settlements," being " on- ly seen in the Orkney and Shetland islands, in Cathness, on the coast of Sutherland, and in the Hebrides, with a feu on the west coasts of Ross, and Inverness ;" Caled. p. 342. But in a work of such extent, and comprising so many difterent objects, it is not surpris- ing thai the various parts should not be always consonant to each other. The author has, in one place, referred to the subterraneous buildings in the parish of Liff, as of the same kind with those existing in Orkney ; to a work of the same kind in Alyth paiish ; to seve- ral subterraneous works ui the parish of Bendothy, expressly called Pictish buildings, Statist. Ace. xix. 3.59. to a considerable number of these in the parish of Kildrumuiy, Aberd. " Similar buildings," he adds, " have been discovered in several parts of Kircud- bright Stewartry ;" Caled. p. 97. N. None of these places are within the limits assign- ed for the Scandinavian settlements. Several others might have been mentioned. Some, in the neighbourhood of Perth, have been described. ^^ Pennant's Tour, III. Apend. p. 453. In the parish of Stonykirk, Wigton, are some remains of Druid temples and Pictish castles; Statist. Ace. ii. :>6. Ed- win's hall, pari.sh of Dunse, lierwicks.', corresponds to the account given of the Castles in Glonbeg. '' It is supposed to have been a Pictish building;" Ibid. iv. 389- 390. The. OF THE SCOTTISH LANGUAGE. S3 Round-abouts in the parish of Castletown, Roxhurghs., " are commonly called Picts 'Works;' Ihid. xvi. 64. It appears, then, uith what propriety it is said, that " the recent appellation of Pictish castles, or Picts houses, has only been given to those in Orkney and Shetland, in Cathness, and in Sutherland." Caled. p. 343. • Mr Chalmers has given such an account of the remains of one of tliesc forts, in the parisii of Castletown, as plainly to shew that it corresponds to those which he elsewhere calls Scandinavian. " There are two of those forts near Herdsliouse, two on the farm of Shaw s, one on Toftholm, one on Foulshiels, one on Cocklaw, one on Blackburn, and one on Shortbuttrees. ^V'hen the ruins of this fort were lately removed, there was found, on the South side of it, a place, which Avas ten feet wide, and twenty feet long, and was paved with fiat stones, and inclosed by the same sort of stones, that were set on edge ; and ihere was discovered, -within this inclosure, what seems to intimate its culinary use, ashes, and burnt sticks." Caled. p. 94. It is also urged, that " not one of these strengths bears any appellation from the Pictish, or Brit is// language;"' and that they " have no similarity to any of the strengths — of the genuine Picts, or British tribes in North-Britain;" Ibid. p. 343. 344. But, as all the force of tliese arguments lies in what logicians call a petitio principii, no particular reply is re- quisite. It is said, that many of these edifices, " in the Orkney and Shetland islands, and in Cathness, have been erroneously called Pictish castles, Pictish towers, and Picts houses, from a fabulous story, that attributes to Kenneth Macalpin the impolicy of driving many of the Picts into the northern extremity of our island; whence they fled to the Orkney and Shetland isles." But it has been seen, that these designations are not confined to the dis- tricts mentioned. Besides, to suppose such a mode of denomination, is entirely opposite to the analogy of tradition. For it is almost universally found, that the works of an early age, instead of being given to the more ancient people, to whom they really belong, are ascribed to those of a later age who have made some considerable figure in the country. Thus, in many places in Scotland, camps, undoubtedly Roman, are vulgarly attributed to Danes. Nor is it at all a natural supposition, that, in those very places, said to have been occupied by Scandinavian settlers, their descendants should be so extremely modest as to give a\vay the merit of these structures, which they continue to view with wonder and ve- neration, from their own ancestors, to an earlier race with \\ horn they are sujjposed to have been in a state of constant hostility, and whom they either expelled or subdued. The idea, that these designations originated from " the fabulous stoiy" of the Picts be- ing driven to the northern extremity of our island, has no better foundation than what has been already considered. The general opinion was entirely ditfcrent from this. For it was " asserted by ignorance, and believed by creduliti/, that Kenneth made so bad an use of the pow er, which he had adroitly acquired, as to destroy the whole Pictish people, in the wantonness of his cruelty ;'" Caled. p. 333. I shall only add, that it is not easy to avert the force of Mr King's argument against these being viewed as Danish works. They are to be seen in parts of the country into which the Danes never penetrated. He refers to that, called Black Caslk, in the parish of e 54 OISSEllTATlOV OX THE OIIIGTN Moulin, in that division of Pertlisliirc called Athole; Munim. III. \99- In the Statist. Ace. it is said; " The vestiges of small circular buildings, supposed to have been Pictish forts, are be seen in ditierent parts of the parish." P. jNIoulin, v. 70. Mr King, after Pennant, also mentions one on the hill of Dnimmin, opposite to Taymouth ; another, \\\\.\\- in view of that, above the church of Fortingal ; a third, opposite to Alt-mhuic in the neigh- bourhood of Killin ; a fourth, under the house of Cashly ; a fifth, about half a mile west, &c. cScc. \'. I'ennants Tour, 1772, p. 50—53. " Most of these," says Mr King, " lie in Glat Lion : and they shew how numerous these kind of structures were in what was once the Picts country." It has al.-o l)ccn asserted, that " the same Celtic people, who colonized South and North Britain, penetrated into Orkney, hut mt into the Slid Inml islamk." The reason, for this assertion is, " tliat no stone monuments nor " flint arrow heads" have " ever been discovered in the Shetland islands;" Calcd. p. 'l6\. N. But obelisks, or standing stones; are found even in the Shetland islands, into which the Celts never penetrated. Contiguous to one of the Burghs in \\'alls, " there is a range of lirgc stones, that runs across the neck of land, and may have been intended to inclose the spot, as a place of burial, which the building does not occupy." Statist. Ace. xx. 113. In Bressay, &c. are " several perpendicular stones, about 9 feet high, erected, no doubt, for the purpose of commemorating some great event, but of wliich we have no account." Ibid. X. 20'J. In Unst, " two ancient obelisks remain; one near Lund, a thick and shapeless rock; the other near Uy a Sound, seems to have been a mark for directing into that harl)our, and is ten and a half feet hi<:h." Ibid. v. '201. Whether Hint arrow heads have ever been discovered in Shetland, I cannot well say ; but I have seen knives, made of a kind of agate, which were tbund in one of the Burghs ; and am certainly informed, that stone hatchets are fiequcntly met with, of the same kind \\ith those found in Cairns in Scotland. A'.— The absurd idea, of the extermination of the Picts by the Scots, as well as that of their expulsion, is so generally exploded, that it is unnecessary to say any thing on the subject. It is incredible, that a people, who seem to have been far less powerful than the Picts, should have been able either to exterminate, or to expel them. Could Ave suppose either of these events to have taken place, what must have l)cen the unavoidable conse- quence? Either that the extensive country, called Kctland, must have remained in a great measure desolate, or that the country of the Scots must have been deserted. For it cannot reasonably be supposed, that the Scots, all at once, especially after a succession of bloody wars with the Picts, should so increase in numbers, as to be able to people, and still less, to defend the whole of Scotland and its adjacent islands. The only reasonable position therefore is, that the Picts in general remained in their former seats. Now, if it appear that the people, presently inhabiting these districts,- retain the Names which belonged to tlic Picts; it is a strong proof that they are the lineal de- scendants of this people. If it further apjicar, not only that these names are not Celtic, but that they, arc the same or nearly so, with those of the Scandinavians, as thry are trans- OF THE SCOTTISH lAXGUAOK. 35 t niitted to us in their most ancient nionnuitiil-i, u inu-l ai.ioi ut Uj u prooi viiat i;j(! Picts iiad a Gothic onain. , Picsidinii in the county of Angus, ^\ iiich all allow to have been a part of the Pictish do- minions, I had many years ago employed this as a test of the origin of the people. I was induced to make this trial, from the circumstance of finding many words commonly used there, which I had not found any w here else, and which upon examination, appeared to be the same ^\itli those that arc still used in Iceland and other Gothic regions. The muliitude of monosyllabic names must strike every one who passes tijrough that part of our country. Now, it is well known, that this forms a distinguishing character in the nomenclature of Scandinavia ; that the names, universally admitted to be most ancient, generally consist of one syllable. Upon comparing many of the names in Angus, ^v'hether of one or more syllables, widi those in the Montimnita Damca of \\'ormius, in Frode"s Sclicda, and especially in that singular uork, the Laiidnuiuaboh, which gives an account of the different families that settled in Iceland, about the middle of the ninth centuiy; it appeared that many of them must ha%'e been originally the same. They are such as do not occur, as far as I have observed, in anv memorials of thc- Angio-Saxons. Although a greater analogy Mere observable here, it could only be set down to the account of the common origin of the various Gothic tribes. Tor the names, in Angus, could not reasonably be ascribed to Saxon settlers, unless it were supposed that the country had in great part received its population from England. They cannot be ac- counted for, on the idea of any Scandinavian settlement in the middle ages; for it is uni- versally admitted that no such settlement extended farther southward than Ross-shire. A writer of great research, to ^hom we have had occasion frequently to refer, has indeed lately attempted to shew that all the names of the Pictish kings are British. " The names of the Pictish kings," he says, " have not any meaning in the Teutonic ; and tlicy are, therefore, Celtic." They are not " Irish ; and consequently, they are Bii- tish f Caled. p. 207. Here I must make the same observation as before, with respect to the topography. I cannot pretend to give the true meaning of these names ; as there is no branch of ciymology so uncertain as this. But if I can give a meaning, and one ■uhich is at least as probable as the other; it must appear that the Teutonic, as far as names can go, has as good a claim to the royal line of the Picts as the British. These names vary considerably, in the ditferent chronicles. Where any name is given ac- cording to a dift'erent reading from that adopted in Caled. p. 206., it is printed in Ita- lics. Where there is a blank in the middle column, no British etymon has been given in that work. Pictish Names. British Etymon, Caled. Teutonic Etymons. 1. Drust, trwst, din. Su.G. troesi, dristig, Germ, dreist, A- lem. gi-drost, daring, son of Erp ; Isl. erp.r, species gulonis ; arf, an ar. row ; arfe an heir. e2 96 Pictish Names. 2. Talorc, Son of Aniel ; 3. Necton Morbet; DISSERTATION ON THE ORIGIN 4. Drest, Gurthinmoch ; 5. Galanau Etelich; 6. Dad rest; 7. Drest, son of Girom ; 8. Gartnach, Or Gartnait ; 9. Gealtraim ; 10. Talorg, son of Muirchoila Mordeleg ; Muirchoilalch, or 11. Drest, son of MuBait, or Monelh; 12. Galam, or Galan, with AIei)h ; British Eti/)Hons, Caled. ialurtc harsh-fronted ; ialorgan, splendid frnoted. anatl openness. nuythotiy a person full of ener- 87- V. Drust, godrtasl, beginning of tumult. grwn, conveying the idea of stooping. gjsrchmsyd, of an ardent tem- per ; gicrchnaid, an ardent leap ; gwrthnaid, an opposing teap. gaillrairty one that prowls about. Teutonic Ety^nom. Isl. tala number or tale, and org jnrgi. \ ura, or oikan Tires, strength. Su.G. aenne front, il, Isl. el, iel, a storm, q. stormy.fronted. Isl. 7ieci-a incurvare, iannc dens, q. crooked-tooth ; or neck.ia humiliare, ton vox, q. low-sounding. Su.G. moer famous, bet-a vibrare, q. famous in brandiMng the sword. Germ, gurt-en to gird, mage powerful, q. with the strong girdle ; Pink. Enq. ii. 298. Isl. ^afcnra rabidus, furiosus; Su.G. ^a- len vitiosus. Su.G. aettlaegg prosapia, or its cognate aedel noble, and tik like. Germ, ade- lich noble, q. aettalich, from aetie fa- ther, and lich like, similis. Isl. daa, a very ancient Goth, particle, signifying, in composition, skilful, excellent, worthy, like Gr. tu; and Germ, dreist daring, Alem. droes a strong or brave man, vir potens, for. tis. V. Drust, No. 1. Su.G. omgaer-a perdere, (inverted), q, the destroyer ; oigeir military instru- ments, and om round about, q. sur. rounded with armour. Su.G. gard, Alem. garte, a guard, and Su.G. natt night, or nog enough, or naegd, neighbourhood ; q. a night- guard, a sufficient guard, or one at hand. Su.G. gacllt sonus, ra7n robustus, q. loud-sounding. V. Talorc, No. 2. Su.G. 7nur/c dark, and laega snare ; q. insidious ; or inoeid-a to kill, to mur- der, and laega, q. preparing murder- ous snares. V. Drust, No. 1. Isl. mtitt mouth, and aet-a to eat, q. vo- racious mouth. Many Germ, names are compounded with mund, id. A. S. wore homo, vmA eath, eth, facilis ; , q. a man of an easy temper. Isl. gall fel, and ume noxa, odium ; q. having hatred like gall. Or, gall^ vi- tium, and an sine, q. without defect. 1 OF THE SCOTTISH LANGCAtii;. 37 Pictish Names. 13. Bridei, perhaps ratlier Bnide or Brudt ; Brude-tts, Adomnan, Vit. Co- lumb. 1. ii. c. 17. Bed. I. iii. c. 4. Son of Mailcon, Meiluckon, Mailcom ; British Etymojis, C'aled. bradvs treacherous, brad treach. ery. Mailcarn, Maelgzcti, a common name, implying the origin of good. 14. Gartnaich, son of Domelch, — or Domnack ; 15. Nectu, the nephew of Verb, more common. ly Verji. 16. Cincoch, or Ciniod,- son of Luthrin ; Cineoch, ci/iiog, a forward per- son. 17. Garnard, son of WiA, Void, nt Fode ; gwrnarth, masculine strength ; 18. Bridei, the son of VfH. 19. Talore; ^0. Talorgan, Teutonic Etymons. Isl. al-a saginare, and ci/fc exuviae ; q. fattened with sjwil. Or V. FJpin, No. 2 . Isl. Z»7vWA' cminebat, Verel. ; brcid-a io extend, and Su.G. c law, q. one who extends the law, who publishes it. Su.G. hrud a bride, and c lawful, q. born of irediock, as opposed to bas- tardy. Or brodd sagitta, and ey insu- la, q. the arrow of the isLand. Isl. 7neiJ puoila, lockun seductio, q. the seducer of virgins ; or, made speech, and kutm-a to know, q. eloquent. Su.G. macla tribute, S. ma/l,.»nd kotntn- «, to come, q. one employed for lift, ing the royal taxes. V. No. 8. A.S. dom judgment, and etc every one, q. appointed as a judge in the king, dom. Or, from jiach, vicinus ; q. a judge who is nigh. Apparently corr. of Kccton, No. 3. Gerui. Tcerb-cn ire, q. the walker ; or tcerb-en ambire, whence tcerb-en a, procurer. Isl. rerp, verp-a jaccre, q. one Mho knows, casts, or slings. Su.G. kin kind, and ock-a to increase, q. having a numerous offspring. V. No. 30. Germ, laiii, Alem lut, sononis, and ri'mi torrens, q. having the sound of a tor- rent. Or lut Celebris, aM riiin-cfi to walk, q. like Ganga Rolf, famous for walking. Lii( occurs in this sense, in a great many Alem. and Teut. names, v. Wachter, Kilian,&c. Or, Ah'm. liif, and hrein purus, castus, q. the chaste. Su.G. giaern cupidus, and art., Btlg. aardt, natura, imiolcs; q. of an eager, or perhaps, of a covetous, disposition. Isl. »«rf-a, Sw. ved.a to hunt, q. the huntef. Or the same name with that of Odin, Vid-ur, G. Andr. i. e. furi- ous. Sw. vacdy a pledge. Su.G. foed-a, alero, q. one who feeds others, the noarisher. V. Nos. 13. and 17. V. No. 2. 33 DISSERTATION ON THE ORIOIX Pictisli Names. son of Eufret^ Brit'tJili Eft/mofis, Caled. ,;l. Garlnait, son of Douiiall ; 22. Drest. 23. Bridci, Brcdei, son of Dili; or Bile, Bill/, Inncs, p. 111. 112. 84. Taran, Tliaran; 25. Bridei, son of Dereli. 26. Nechton, son of Dercii; 27. EI pin ; 28. Ungus, Unnusi, son of Urguis, or Fergust^ 29. Bridei, son of Urguis. 30. Ciniod, son of Wredcch, Wirdech, Viredeg. 31. Elpin, son of Bridci. 32. Drcst, son of Talorgan. dyvnieal, of the wcaued couch. Beli, a common name, bellico- sus, warlike. taran, thunder. elfin, the same as Eng. elf. gorchest, great atchieyement ; or g'unp', in composition zsi/r, a man. Guriad, a common name. Teiilouic Kti/i/ion.'s. Isl. an, Aicni. e/i, ncgafire parlidc, and frid peace, tj. without peace. IVrhaps the same with An^frid, gloriosa pax; Wachtcr, vo. Frid. Or from Su.G. e» intensive, (V. £«a, Ihre) and//ac'<. a to eat, q. to destroy. i V. No. 14. Su.G. don din, noise, and s.(,'(/ austerus. Or V. No. 30. Germ. 6ffr bare, naked, and ^o< good ; or Su.G. berg-oed, one who defends his possessions, from hcrg-a, biarg-a, to defend, and od, oed, properly. Su.G. braade rash, sudden, quick; braede, rage; or 6;e(/ latiis, broad, a term common to all the Northern tongues. The preceding list includes tliese names only, of Pictish kings, which are reckoned well warranted by history. There is a previous list, also contained in the C'hronicon Pictoruni, which has not the same authority. But although there may not be sufficient evidence that such kings existed, the list is so far valuable, as it transmits to us what were accounted genuine Pictish names. Here I shall therefore give the whole list of kin\hen viewed in connexion Mith the great similarity between tlie rites, still retained in the North of Scotland, and those formerly common throughout the Scandinavian regions, in the celebration of Yule. The analogy must forcibly strike any impartial reader, who w ill take the trouble to consult this article in the Dictionary. Had the Picts been exterminated, or even the greatest part of them destroyed, and their country occupied by Celts ; it is im- probable, that the latter would have adopted the Gothic designation of Yule; and .quite inconceivable, that they would have totally dropped the term Beltane, used to denote the most celebrated feast of their forefathers. Why sliould this be the only term used in those places formerly under the Celtic dominion, and totally unknow n in Angus, Alearu:^ and other counties, which their language, after the subjugation of the Picts, is supposetl to have overrun? Did they borrow the term. Yule, from a few straggling Saxons? This is contrary to all analogy. Did the Saxons themselves adopt the name given by their Nor- man conquerors to Christmas ? Gehol was indeed used in A. Saxon, as a designation for this day ; but rarely, as it was properly the name of a month, or rather of part of two months. The proper and ecclesiastical designation was Mid-xvinte7--daeg, Midwinter-day. Had any name been borrowed, it would have been that most appropriated to religious use. 'i his name, at any rate, nuist have been introduced with the other. Uut we have not a vestige of it in Scotland. The name Yule is indeetl still used in England. But it is in the northern counties, ^vhich were i)ossessed by a people originally the .same with ihos<^ wl;o inhabited the lowlands of Scotland. OF THE SCOTTISH LANGUAGE. 45 Here I might refer to another singular castom, formerly existing among our ancestors, that of punishing female culprits by drowning. 'V^'e observe some vestiges of this among the An^lo-Saxons. Although it prevailed in Scotland, I can find no cvi.lcnce that it was practised by the Celts. It is undoubtedly of German or Gothic origin. V. Pit and Gallo'hs, Diet. VII. — A variety of other considerations might be mentioned, which, although they du not singly amount to proof, yet merit attention, as viewed in connexion with what has been already stated. As so great a part of the eastern coast of what is now called England was so early peopled by the Belgae, it is hardly conceivable, that neither so enterprising a people, nor any of tlieir kindred tribes, should ever think of extending their descents a little farther eastward. For that the Belgae, and the inhabitants of the countries bordering on the Bal- tic, had a common origin, there seems to be little reason to doubt. The Dutch assert that their progenitors were Scandinavians, who, about a century before the common era, left lutland and the neighbouring territories, in quest of new habitations. V. Beknopte His- toric van't Vaderland, I. 3 4. The Saxons must be viewed as a branch from tlie same stock. For they also proceeded from modern Jutland and its vicinity. Now, there is no- thing repugnant to reason, in supposing that some of these tribes should pass over directly to the coast of Scotland opposite to them, even before the Christian era. For Mr Whitaker admits that the Saxons, whom he strangely makes a Gaulic people, in the second century applied themselves to navigation, and soon became formidable to tiie Ro- mans. Hist, blanch. B. I. c. 12. Before they could become formidable to so powerful a people, they must have been at least so w^ell acquainted with navigatton, as to account it no great enterprise to cross from the shores of the Baltic over to Scotland, especially if they took the islands of Shetland and Orkney in their way. As we have seen, that, according to Ptolemy, there were, in his time, different tribes of Belgae, settled on the northern extremity of our country, the most natural idea undoubted- ly is, that they came directly from the continent. For had tiiese Belgae crossed the Eng- lish Channel, according to the common progress of barbarous nations, it is scarcely sup- poseable, that this island would have been settled to its utmost extremity so early as the age of Agricola. There is every reason to believe, that the Belgic tribes in Caledonia, described by Ptolemy, were Picts. For as the Belgae, Picts, and Saxons, seem to have had a common origin, it is not worth while to difter about names. 'I hese frequently arise from causes so trivial that their origin becomes totally inscrutable to succeeding ages. The Angles, although only one tribe, have accidentally given their name to the country which they invaded, and to all the descendants of the Saxons and Belgae, who were by tar more numerous. It is universally admitted, that there is a certain National Character, of an exter- nal kind, which distinguishes one people from another. This is often so strong, that those who have travelled through various countries, or have accurately marked the diversities of this character, will scarcely be deceived even as to a straggling individual. Tacitus long 40- DISSERTATION ON THE ORIGIN, 5cc. ago remarkftl the striking resemblance between the Germans and Caledonians. Every stranger, at this day, obsenes the great difference of features and complexion between the Highlanders and Lowlanders. No intelligent person in England is in danger of confound- ing the ^Vclsh with the posterity of the Saxons. Now, if the Lowland Scots be not a (Jothic race, but in fact the descendants of the ancient British, they must be supposed to retain some national resemblance of the Welsh. But will any impartial observer venture to assert, tliat in feature, complexion, or form, there, is any such similarity, as to induce the slightest apprehension that they have been originally the same people.^ Jn Explanation of the Cont7VCtwns used in this Work. A. nor. Anglia Borealis, North of Englaud. L.B. Adj. .Adjective. Me/aph. Adv. Adverb. MoesG. AUm. Alemannic language. Arm. Armoricaii, or language of Bretagne, Mod. A. S. Anglo-Saxon language. 0. Belg. Belgic language. Part. pr. C.B. Cambro-Britannic, or Welsh langnage. pa Gell. Celtic. Pers. Chaiic. Used occasionally for Chaucer. PI. Com p. Compounded. Precop. Coiij. Conjunction. Prep. Contr. Contracted, or Contraction. Pret. Com. Cornish, or language of Cornwall. Pron. Corr. Corrupted, or Corruption. Cumb. Cumberland. Q. nan. Danish language. Qu. E. English language. q.V. Ed. Edit. Edition. Rtuld. Expl. Explain, explained. Fr. French language. S. Franc. Frankish, Thcotisc, or Tudcsquc lan- guage-. S. Frii. Frisian dialect of the Belgic S.A. Gael. Gaelic of the Highlands of Scotland. S.U. Germ. German language. Gl. Gloss. Glossary. s.o. Goth. Gothic. s. Gr. Greek language. Su.G. Jleb. Hebrew language. Ili.-p. Spanish language. Szs. Jmpcr. Imperative. T. Ir. Irish language. Term. hi. Islandic (or Icelandic) language. V. Itul. Italian language. V. .Urn. Soimiimes for Junius. vo. Lat. Latin language. fVachl. Barbarous Latin. Metaphor, Metaphorical. Moeso-Gothic, as preserved in Ulphi- lus Version of the Gospels. Motlern, Old. Participle present. . past. Persian language. Plural. Precopensian dialect of the Gothic. Preposition. Preterite. Pronoun; a/so, Pronounce, pronun- elation. Quasi. Query. Quod vide. Ruddiman's Glossary to Douo-las's Virgil. After Islamlic quotations, denotes Sa- ga. Scottish, Scotland. Scotia Australis, South of Scotland. Scotia Borealis, Xoi th of Scotland ; also Northern Scots. Scotia Occidentalis, West of Scotland. Substantive. Suio.Gothic, or ancient language of Sweden. Swedish language, (modern.) TfHnus; sometimes Title. Termination. Vidf, see; also, Volume. Verb, Voce. Sometimes for Wachter. The contractions of some other names will be learned from the Account of Editions of bobko quoted. AN ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY, has four different A 1 HIS letter, in our language, sounds : 1. A broad, as in E. all, wall. U is often added, as in cald, written also cauld. In the termina- tion of a word, when an inverted comma is subjoined, as rt', it is meant to intimate that the double / is cut off, according to the pro- nunciation of Scotland. But this is merely of modern use. W is sometimes used for // by old writers, as aw for all. 2. A, in lui, mak, tai, Scottish, as in last, past, English. 3. A, in lane, alane, mane, S. like hane, fane, E. The monosyllables have generally, al- though not always, a final e quiescent. 4. A, in dad, daddie, and some other words, S. as in read, pret. ready, E. A is used in many words instead of o in E. ; as one, bone, long, song, stone. Tliese we write ane, bane, long, sang, stane. For the Scots preserve nearly the same orthography with the Anglo-Saxons, which the Englisli have left ; as the words last mentioned correspond to the A. S. an, ban, long, sang, stan. In some of the northern counties, as in Angus and Mearns, the sound of ee or ei prevails, in- stead of ai, in various words of this formation. They pronounce ein, bein, stein, after the man- ner of the Germans, who use these terms in the same sense. Mr Macpherson has attempted to fix a standard for the pronunciation of words in which this letter is found, marking the a with an oblique stroke above it, when it should be sounded ae or ai. But any attempt of this kind must fail. For it is probable that, in the course of cen- turies, there has been a considerable change in the pronunciation of this letter. In some in- stances, the rule does not apply in our own time. Although the prep, signifying from, is generally pronouncedy/fl<>, yet fra is also used in some parts of Scotland. Na is most gene- rally pronounced as written. It is probable that ga, to go, was formerly pronounced in the same manner, although now gae ,• because the part, retains this sound. Ala, more, although now pronounced like may, in the reign of Mary must have had the broad sound. For Skene writes maa. The phrase ane or maa frequently occurs ; De Verb. Sign. vo. Eneya. Where o occurs in modern E. we frequently use au ; as auld, bauld, fauld, instead of old, boldj fold. A is sometimes prefixed to words, both in S. and O. E., where it makes no alteration of the sense ; as abade, delay, which has precisely the same meaning with bade. But in the ancient Gothic dialects, it was used as an intensive par- ticle. Thus it is still used in Is]., as afall^ impetus, from falla, cadere. Naiid, without the prefix, signifies evil ; anaud, great evil. G. Andr. Lex. p. 4. Ihre has made the same observation with re- spect to this letter in Su.G., giving alik as an example, which he renders, valde similis. It occurs in many A. S. words, in which there seemstobeno augmentation. Wachter, however, mentions abaer-ian, denudare, as a proof of its intensive power ; Proleg. sect. v. I am in- clined to think, that some traces of this may yet be found in the English language. One would almost suppose that adown were more forcible than the simple term doxvn ; and that it had been originally meant to exfjress a con- tinuation in falling, descending, or in being carried downwards, or a prolongation of the act. A occurs occasionally as a terminative particle ; as in allya, alliance. By the Anglo-Saxons it was used as a termination both to adjectives and substantives. A A B A A sometimes signities on ; as asuk, on side, a- 7ruf£, on the grufe. In this sense are Isl. a and Su.G. aa used. The very instar.ce given by G. Andr. is a gnifit, cernue, prone. yJd liggia ctgriifu, id est, in faciemet pectus ac ven- trem prostratus cubare. Johnson thinks that «, in the compobition of such English words as asidf, (ifoot^ asleep, is sometimes contracted from at. Rut there is no reason for the sup- position. These terms arc plainly equivalent to on foot, on sule, on sleep. Thus on field is used in tlie same sense with modern ufield : Aiie fair swcit May of niony oiu; Sclio went onfcilU to gatlicr llouris. Mdi/lrind Puems, p. 190. A i? used, by our oldest writers, in the sense of one. The signification is more forcible than that of a in E. when placed before nouns in the singular number. For it denotes, not merely one, vvliere there may be many, or one, in particular ; but one, exclusively of others, in the same sense in which ae is vulgarly used. A fyschcr quhiliim lay Besid a ryvcr, for to got llys uottis tliiit lie liad tliar set ; — jl )ij/cht, his Ileitis for to se, lie rase ; and Ihar well lang tluelt ho. Barbour, xix. 657. MS. i. c. " one night." ITc him hchekl, and said sync (o irunscll, llor is merwaill, (piha likis it to t»ll, 'J'hat « person, bo wortliinos of hand, Trowys to stop the power of Iiigland. WuUacc.^y. 363. MS. Thus also, where it is printed in Perth Edit. Bot hys aicn strength niytht nocht again j/«/ be. Jn MS. it is, Bot his a strength inycht nocht again Ihuim be. Ibid. X. 335, The Brows Robert A Byschape favoryd and Kriys t«a. Of Glasgw, Atholc, and Mare war tha. TVij/ifoKn, viil. 11. 173. It is sometimes improperly written ea. " For suppose Christ be ea thing in himsclfo ; yit the better grip thou ha^e of him, thou art the .surer of his promise." ]3nice''s Serm. on the Sacr. Sign. D. 8. a. *•' Sometimes they gave it crt name and sointinies ane vther." Ibid. I'l. 5. b. This, as we learn from Hire, is a Su.G. idiom. A, he says, in pluribiis SuioGotliiae iiartihus, Dale, karlia, Westrobothnia, Gothlandiacpie iiiiitatis no- ta. est : Ht « tnan vir unus. ABAD, Abade, Aba id, s. Delay,, abiding, tar- rying ; the same with Bad, hade. Bisihop Synclar, with out laiigar ahaid, MctthaimatGlamniyss, syne furth with thaim herald. (Vidlace, vii. 1032. MS. The fader of hauinnis Porliinu.i al the gate, With his byg hand schot the schiji furth hir went. That swyfter than the south wyiul on scho sprent ; A I) A Or as ane lleaiid arrow to I.muI glade. And in the dope ))c)r(e enterit hill abade. i.e. witlimit (h'lay. Dung. I'irgi/., \35., -111. Jbaid occuvs, ibid. lo\>, 38. A.S. abid-aii, ma. lUTO. ABAID, part. pa. Waited, expected. This sail be ouor Iryuiiiplio now lang aliaid, To se thy awiii son on (hi^ bori' tre laid. Doifs;. J'irgil, 361, 29. A. S. abad, cxpoctatus. The latter is the very word used by Virgil. To ABAY, Abaw, v. a. To astonish, y^lxijd, part. pa. astonished. ' Yoild vow, madame,' on hicht ran Schir Liisf say ; A w ourde seho culd not speik scho was so abaj/d. K. Hart, i. 48. IVfany men of his kynde sauh him so abaiied, For him thei fauht w ith mynde, & oft so was lie saued. R. Bruniic, p. 210. Chaucer uses abaived in the same sense. Al>mo has been viewed as having a common origin with abaij.i. But the former, as Tyrwhitt has observed, is certainly from Fr. esbah-ir ; the phrase, M'niilt m''csbahij de la merveille, being thus used in the ori. ginal, Rom. Rose: where Chaucer uses aba:ced. A- bay is undoubtedly the same word, slightly altered. To ABAYS, v. a. To abash, to confound ; Fr. ahass-ir, id, yibai/si/d of that syrht thai ware. Bot had thai knaw y n the cans all, M'bat gorris sw ylk oclipiiis fall. Thai suld noucht have had abaysyng. JVyntoicn, viii, 37. 7-J. ABAITMENT, s. Diversion, sport. For quha sa list sere gladsum g-amis lore, Ful mony mery abaitiiicntis followis here. Doug. Jlrgd, 125, 55. Riidd. says, ' f. from abate, because they abate the weariness and uneasiness we are under by our se- rious occupations ; for which cause they are also called diversions, because they divert our cares and anxieties." Lye, however, has observed on this word, that Arm. ebni a is ludere, and cirtMudus ; concluding that this is the origin ; Jun. Etym. Angl. lie is certainly right. For the term appears iu a variety of forms. Besides these two Arm. words, Bullet mentions ebad, pleasure, diversion ; and e- bater, which he renders badin ; as indeed most probably F. badin, and badinage, may be traced to this source. O. Fr. ebaudir is rendered recre. are, relaxare, luetari, terme )io|)ulaire, (pii signifie se rejouir ; also, tresaillir de joie, voluptali induU gere. Le jour s'cst ebaudis, belle est la matinee La, Solaine est leve, qui abat la rousee. Guijnt de Nanteiiil. O. Fr. chaudi, hilaris ; ebaitdise, humour gaic ; ebaudissement, joie, rejouissance. The following words are still in use ; ebat, diversion, recreation, and ebatteincnf, id. the very word in question ; passu temps, recreatio aniini. Diet, de Trev. ABAK, adv. Back, behind. And quhou thay by war runnyng, thare hors they stere. A B A A B And tnrnts ai;aiic iiicontinont at commandis, To proif thare liors, with jaiiillingis in tliarc liandis. Svne went abuk in soiiiuli r ano fcr space, likaHO at xiiIkt nnnjng witli an race. Doug, rirgil, 1-47, S. T\T«liitt calls this word, as used by Chancer, in the same sense, Srir. Hut on Ixicc is the A. S. phrase corresponding to retrormim, a bein^ often substituted fur A. S. and O. K. on. In this sense JIocsG. ibiihuiiun] ibu/uinci arc used, and lsl.tftf6«A-j rctrorsnm : G. Andr, ABANDON. In abandoun, adv. at ran. doni. Ile-bad thaim gang to bykkcr syne The Scottis ost in abiindniin ; ■* Thai gerd thaim cum apon thaim doun ; For niycht thai i^er thaim l)rek aray, To haifl'lhaim at Ihair ;\ill thouclil thai. Barbour, \\\, 33.>. M?!. One inigjit suppose that the second and third lines shouhl hate the following punetuaiion : The Scodi.s ost : in abanilunn' Thai gerd tliaini cum apon thaim doun : They caused them to come upon their enemies at full speed. In edition 1()'20 it is thus expressed, The Scollish oast /// « randoun. At abumloun is also used. Bot soue eftre that jiryme wes past, The Scottis men dang on sa fast. And schot on thaim at iibandoiin, As ilk man war a campioiui. That all Ihair fayis tuk the llycht. Uarhoiir, xt. 59. ^MS. All tha alsua of (he town Ischyd to fecht at atniiidoicn. IVijntoicn, ix. 8, Q4. The phrase, as thus used, conve) s the idea of great violence. Fr. Mel/cr lout uV abandon, to put every thing in disorder, to leave all to be pillaged. Mettrc .sa forest en abandon, to lay the forest oiien, to make it common to all men. Cotgr. Abandon is used in Rom. de la Rose, to signify, at discretion. Its most common modern meaning is, at large, at random, at will. Some suppose that this term is composed of these three Fr. words, a , ban, and don.tter, q. to give up to interdiction : that is, to expose any thing to the discretion of the public. Du Cange derives it from a and bandon, q. res posifa in bannum, vel in ban. dum niissa, i. e. proscripta ; bandam being used, L. B. for bannum. But Wachter's conjecture is more probable than cither. lie derives Fr. uban. donner from the old Gothic w ord band a standard. This term seems to have been used by the Longo. bardi ; as MoesG. bandico denotes a sign, jNlar. 14, 44. Guf sa leicjands ini bandzcon ; The traitor gave them a sign ; which term, as has been observ. ed, could easily be transferred to a military sign or standard. Et hue ctiam, says V^'achter, referri po. test dictio Gallica s'abandonner, emancipare se ali- cui; et quasi sub vexillum ejus se tr.adcre, si com- ponatur a band et donner ; vo. Band. V. Spelm. vo. Banda. Ilencc the word has come to signify free will, that is, according to the original idea, the w ill or pleasure of that person under whose siand. ard another enlisted himself, 'i'his idea is retained by Cliauc. in the use of the word bandon, Grcte loos hath largesse, and grcto prise; For bothe the wise folke and unwise Were wholly to her bandon brought, So well with veftis had she wrought. Bow. Roxc, V. 1103. In the original it is jt nan bandon, Y. B\Ni)orNr.. To ABANDON, v. a. i. To bring under ab- solute dominion. Oftsyss quhen it wald him lik, lie went till hiintyng with his menyc. And swa the laud ubundoicnijt he, That durst nanc warne to do his will. Barbour, Iv. SOU Ilencc ahandonit is used as signifying, " brought into subjection to the will of another." Abandonil will he noght bo to berne that is borne. Or he be stren\ lii ^\ iih strenth, yonc sterne for to schore, Mony ledis sal be loissit, and lifiis forlornc. Gaii'an rind Gnl. i. 10, i. e. he will never give allegiance to any ohieftain born of woman. Fr. Abandonncr sa libertr', cf se rendro serf; gratificare libertatem suani alicujus potentiac. Thierry. P. To let loose, to give permission to act at plea- sure. The hardy Bruce ane ost abandoxi-m/f, XX thowsaud he rewllyt be force and wit, Wpon the Scottis his men for to reskew ; Serwyt thai war with gud speris eucw, li'al/are, x. 317. IMS, Fr. Abandonncr, to give over, to leave at random, 3. To destroy, to cut off. Quhen M'allace saw quhen thir gud men wasgaynj LordLs, he said, quhat now is your cousaill ? Twa choyss thar is, the best 1 rede w s waill, Yondyr the King this ost abandonand, lloyr Bruce and Bcik in yon battaill to stand. If'allaci', X. 259. MS. The meaning is, that King Edward was destroying; the Scottish army under The S/e-u-art. This is only an oblique sense of the term as last explained ; de. struction, whether of persons or things, being tho natural consequence of their being given up to tho will of an exasperated soldiery. ABANDONLY, adv. At random, without re. gard to danger. He tuk the strenth magre thar fayis will j Abandonlij in bargan baid thar still. Wallace,^ iv. 670, MS. Abandounlij Cambell agayne thaim baid, Fast vpon Aviss that was bathe dope and braid, Jbid. vii. 053. MS. ABASIT, part, pa. Confounded, abashed. Aboue all vtheris Dares in that stede Thame to behald abasit wox gretumly. Doug, Virgil, 141, 13. V. Abays. ABATE, i. Accident ; something that surprises one, as being unexpected. A2 A 11 n And thorcivilli kcst 1 doim niyii ovo agoynr, (ii'harc as I saw walkyiij; iiikUt tin.- toiirc, Full si'creti'ly, new eiiiiiyn liir to pli'yiie, The fairest or (he fresehest youiii; floiire That ever I saw, me(hoiieht, before that houro, For « hirh sodayne iihalc, aiioii astert Tlie bliide of all niy body to my hert. Kinsi's QiKiir, ii. 21. Perhaps from Fr. tih/xif.ir, a fall, or wind-fall ; or ah/ia/trc, to daunt, to overthrow : or rather from ubcl-ir, liebelem, stupidnin reddere; «ie<-z', hebes : stupefaction being often the eonsecjuenee of an un. cxpeeted event. It may deserve notice, however, that I si. /)(/(/.«, Su.C biud-a, signify, accidcre j and hud, casus fortuitus. To ABAW. V. Abay. ABBE IT, s. Dress, apparel. This nyclit, befoir the the dawing cleir, Methocht Sauel Francis did to me apperr, >\ ith ane religious a/ihcit in his hand. And said, In this go cleith the my servand. Itefusc the warld, for thou mon be a freir. Jlaniiatijiie Puems-, p. 25. This is evidently a corruption of habit, the h being thrown away ; in the same manner as in Arm., uhyt, ttbijta, and ubilita are used in the sense of habitus, dress. A quest than wild he tak of (he raonke that bare the coroune, llis ubitc be gan forsake, his ordre lete alle doune. 11. Jhiiiine, p. 17'2. ABBACY, Abbasy, s. "An abbey; abatia. Low Latin." Sir J, Sinclair, p. iji. " And attourthat thair be na vnionis nor annexa- tiounis maid in fyme to cum to Bischoprikis, Ab- baseis, norPryoreis of ony benctice." Acts Ja. IlL 1471. c. 31. Edit. 1.066. ABBOT of VNRESSOUN, a sort of histrionic character, anciently used in Scotland ; but af- terwards prohibited by Act of Parliament. *' It is statute and ordanit that in all tymes fvimming, na manor of persoun be chosin Robtrt JJtide, nor Li//ill Jo/uic, Abbot of Vnressoiin, Qucnis of Mail, nor vthcrwyse, nouthcr in Burgh nor to landwart, in ony tyme tocum. And gif ony Prouest, Baillies, counsall, and communitic, chesis sic ane Personage, — within Burgh, the clies- aris of sic sail tyne thair fredome for the space of fyuc yeiris, and vthcrwyse salbe punist at the Qucnis grace will, and the acceptar of siclyke of- fice salbe banist furth of the Realme. And gif ony sic persounis — beis chosin outwith Burgh, and vihcrs landwart townis, the chesaris sal! pay to our souenine Lady, X. pundis, and thair persounis put in waird, thair to remane during the Qucnis ; jea, and many times ear- ried npou a rowistall'e, and dived over Iieade and cares in water, or othei wise most horribly abused." Stiibt, Anatomic of Abuses, Ijyj. V. Godwin's Life of Chancer, i. 161 — 103. ABEE. To let ahi'c, to let alone, to bear -with, not to meddle with, S. Ila'd your tongue, mither, and let that a bee, For his eild and my cild can never agree : They II never ai;ree, and that will be seen ; For he is fourscore, aiul I'm but lit'leen. Ritsoii\y S. Soiifix, i. 170, 177. " O. E. iif>i/c, Chaucer Speght," (;i. Lyndsay. This word, however, is not in Spe^ht's (il. ; nor have I observed that it is used by Chaucer in any .ximilar sense. Lei it bee is merely a eorr. of K. /ct Or. used precisely in the same manner. ABEECH, Abiegii, ndv. Aloof, " at a shy di- stance ;" chiefly used in the West of S. Stand ahe'tgh, keep aloof. ^\'hen thou an' I were joung and skeigh, An" stable-meals at fairs were dreigh. How lliou wad (nance, an' snore, ai\' skriegh, An' tali the road ! Town's bodies ran, ai\' stood abeigh, * An' ca't thee mad. Uiinis, iii. 142. V. SivEicir. This may be viewed as a corr. of (tbuk ; un. less we. should suppose, from tlic form of the word, that it is niori: immediately allied to Alem. bah. Germ. /;(/(■//, the back. Isl. « Z/«c, however, is used in a sense pretty much allied, as corresponding to abroad^ iifictd. Ihimn sl;al hestfeita, eiiii Jiiiiid l be fattened at home, thedogalield ; foris, lel rure, lla\aniaal. G. Andr. p. 40. ABERAND, j6rt/•^/);•. Going astray, E. ahcr- ring. '• Alssone as the Saxonis had conquest Britanc on this manner, thay vsit the cursit ritis of paganis, iiheiiiml fra the Cristin faith, & makand odora- (ioiin to ydolis, as thay vver institute in thair first errouris." Bellend. Cron. B. viii. c. IS). To ABHOR, 'J. a. To fill with horror. [t wald ttblwr thee till heir red, The saikles blude that he did schcd. Lijndsa^'s IVaikis, 1 592. p. 79. To ABY, •:'. a. To suffer for. O wrechil man! O full of ignorance! All thj plesance thow sail right deir abij. Jlenrjjsoiir, Baniiafjjiie Poems, p. 135. Lord Ilailes renders it buj/. But, although I see no other origin than A. !?. bi/g-aii, emere, the E. verb does not explain it, unless it be used in a highly metaphorical sense. It is certainly the same word which occurs iu Chauc. under the A D L dilTerrnt form^; of abcggc, abeyo, abie, rendered by Tyrwhitt as above. For if thou (Id, thou shall it dear nbt'e. Chan. Veiittine's Prol. v. 16612. Gower uses nbei/c. But I was slowc, and for no thyngc Me l\ ste not to loue oheyc And that 1 none full sore ribei/e. Coiif. Am. F. 70. b. It occurs in an older work. So it may betide, thei salle dcre abie M} lliat tliei hide, my men in prison lie. /{. lirunnc, p. 159. i. e. mine, my property. It seems to be used nearly iu the sense of Lat. liio. in one place where Virgil nscs |)e«(/o, Douglas translates it «/;//. O ye wrecliit pcpvl ! gan he crv, A\ ith rrucll (jane full dere ye sail abrj Tills wilful rage, and with your blude expres The w rangis of sic sacrilege redres. ;7;-^j7, 228, 41. ABIL, atij. Able. lie wes in his yhowthedc A fayre, swete, plesand chyld ;— At all poynt formyd in fassown ; Abil ; of gud condityowne. IVi/ntouu, vii. C. 344. Johnson derives this from Fr. httbile, Lat. habil-is. But there are various terms to which it may more properly be traced; C. B. itbl, Belg. u'bcl. '\Ai Mr Macpherson has mentioned Isl. and Su.G. ajl, strength. To this may be added Isl. bcll-u, Su.G. huell-a, posse, valerc; baelle, potentia. Mr Chalmers in his Gl. refers to A. S. ubel, whence, he says, E. (tblc. But there is no A. S. adj. of this signi- fication. The s. bid indeed signifies strength, also craft, wisdom. ABIL, adv. Perhaps. V. Able. ABYLL, adj. Liable, apt. " This vTomau knawing hir hous niony dayis afore ubrjll to be segit, send to kyng Edward, and desirit rescours." Bellend. Cron. B. xv. c. 9. Per- liaps from Fr. habile, fit, apt. ABITIS, J-. pi. Obits, service for the dead. Thay tyrit God with tryfillis tume trcn talis, And daisit him with [thair] daylie dargeis, AVith owklie Abifif, to augment thair rentalis, Mantand mort-muni!ijigis, mixt with nionye leis. Seott, Uamiafi/iic Poems, p. 1 97. Lat. ob/(-us, death; used in (lie dark ages for the office of the church performed for the dead. Aiiiii. versarium, dies ohitas quotannis recurrens, officiuiii Ecclcsiasticum. Dn Cange. ABLACH, f. " A dwarf; an expression of con- tempt," Gl. Shirr. S. B. Gael, abhach, id. ABLE, Able, Ablis, Ablins, adv. Perhaps, peradventure. Bot thay that hes ane conscience large, And thii\kis thay haue na mair ado, Bot only [ireiching to hike to. And that but pei-fiiiicforie, Auis iu four oulkis, and able raa, A B R A C Perchance fhrctteno or thai cum ihn'ir, Hod «ait sa «cill that llock «ill fair. Did!/: Clerk and Courlcuur, p, 16. The man iiiaj ahlins tync a slot, That cannot count his kinsch. Cherri) ami Sine, st. 79. Ablins IS still used, S. To lat you gae, gin she speared, what'll ye give me, I've alUiis said, that I sail tak you A\ith mc. Ross's llclfitorc, p. 101. But spare to speak, and spare to speed ; She'll (libllns listen to my vow : Should she refuse, I'll lay my dead To her twa ceu sac bonny blue. Burns, iv. 299. A. Bor. Yeublc-sea, according to Ka^ , from A. S. Gcuble potens, (a word I cannot fnid in any lexicon.) Proinde Vcable-sea, sonat ad verbuui Potest ifa se habere. ABLINS, adv. V. Able: ABOWYNE, Abone, Abow, prefi. l. Above, as signifying higher in place; ahoon, S. Gl. Yorks. Westmorel. Ahoxtne the towne, apon the soulhpsrl sid,' Thar Wallace wald and gud Lundy abid. fl'ii/lacc, viii. 746. MS. Obotcen is used in this sense in O. K. Bot in llie yere after, obotcen (irimsby Eft thei gan aryuc thorgh sonde |)rieiiely. Thorgh fals Edrike, that fham thider hasted. li. JSriiniie, p. 42* He also writes abouen and abonen, p. S2. 2. Superior to, S. Se quhat he dois, that swa fowlly Fk'ys thus for his cowardy ; Bath him and his wencusyt he. And gerris his fayis aboicj/ne be. Barbour, ix. 9-1. MS. Sa knychtlyk apon athir sid, Oifland and takand rowtis roid, That pryme wcs passyt, or men mycht se, Quha mast at thar abozo mycht be, 'Barbour, xv. 5G. MS. i. c. vho they were that had most the superiority there. What part soonest abone should be. EdJt. 1620, p. 277. A. S. Abufan, id. Junius thinks that A. S. i/^- fun is from be ufan, which he derives from ujer, super, as binnan is from be innan. Alem. ;//, id. would have been a more natural etymon for itfan. Sii.G. an is a particle added to words, which often denotes motion towards a place. V. Owe. To ABREDE, -j. a. To publish, to spread abroad, GI. Sibb. A. S. abraed-an^ propalare. To ABREDE, -v. n. To start, to fly to a side. And tharc I founde aftir that Diomedc Rcceivit had that lady brycht of hewe, Troilus nere out of his witte abrede. Henrj/sone's Test. Creseide, Chron. S. P. i. 158. Chaucer abraide, id. V. B^ade, t. 1. ABREID, adv. Abroad, at large. The story of Achilles stout ^^ ith gold was browdcrcd there abrchl. ^Buret's, Enfr. Queen, l-l'atson's Coll. ii. 3. This may be derived from A.S. abred-un, exteir. dere. The Isl. however all'ords a far more natural derivation. In this language, braul signilies road, way : which G. Andr. derives from bril, frango, because in making a road, it was necessary to break down woods and remove other obstacles. A brauf, or brautu, corresponds to E. abroad. Thus At ganoa a braut, fara a brauf, rida bruit, abirc, dis. cedere. Exiles were anciently designed brautur- gaungunienn, q. men who went abroad. Uan. borte, hort. The vulgar S. phrase is similar. Of one who Hies for debt, or to escape justice, it is said, " lie has tane the road,''' or '■'■gate." ABSTINENCE, s. A. truce, cessation of arms. '• It was the 27 of September, some days before the expiring of the Abstinence, that the Noblemen did meet (as was appointed) to consult upon the means of a perfect peace." Spotswood's Hist. p. 263. L. 13. Abstinenlia, id. Ab armis cessatio. Call, olim abstinence. Avons accorde etaccordons que la soulVrance, ou V Abstinence de guerre, soit cloignee-. Kvmer, T. ii. 800. V. Du C'ange. AB-THANE, Abthane. V. Thane. ABULYEIT, Abulyied, Abilyeit, 1. Dresf, . apparelled. ^Vi(h the blesand torclie of day, Abuli/cit in his lemand fresche array,, i'urth of hLs paiice riall ischit Phebus. Doug. Virgil, 399, 39. a. Equipped for the field. " And thay that ar neir hand the Bordowris at ordanit to haue gude houshaldis and weill abilyeit men, as cffeiris." Acts Ja. II. 1155, c. 01. Edit. 1566. abuiljied, Skene, c. 56. Fr. llabiller, to clothe. ABULIEMENT, s. Dress, habit, S. " lie despitcd his company, and look purpose to humble himself, and come in a vile ahuilicment to the King, and ask pardon for the high offence that he had committed." Pitscottie, p. 43. It is most commonly used in the plural number, and signifies dress in general. " Thay auld faderis war gcviyn to imitatioun of Crist in pouerte ; — nocht arraying thaym with gold, syluer, nor precious abulijemeniis." Bellend. Cron. B. xiii. c. 11. Vestequc precioso, Boeth. V. also Quon. Attach, c. 21. Although this is plainly from Fr. habilimetif. Skinner inclines to view it as corrupted from abel- lishments, and connected with embellish. AC, Ec, conj. But, and. Tristrem, for sotKe to say, Y w old the litel gode ; Ac Y the wraied never day. — Ac thei ich wendo to dye. Thine crand Y schal say. Sir Tristrem, p. 119; 120> . Barbour uses ec for and, or also. The gud King upon this maner. Comfort thaim that war him uer; A C Q And maid thaim ganiyn cc solace. 'The Bruce, Hi. 465, MS. R. Glouc. USPS ac in the same manner. At Londonc he was ibore, «c an eldore brother tlicr was. Chron. p. 468. A. S. ««:, car, MoaG. auk, A\cm. auh, Su.G. Of A. vck, Uelg. ook, id. 'I'liis soenis the impcr. of the v. signif^ini; to add, A.S. cac.aii, iMoesg. auk-an, &c. Lat. uc corresponds. To ACHERSPYRE, v. n. To sprout, to ger- minate. This term is used concerning barley, when in the state of l)eing made into malt. It lias been generally understood as ap|)licable to (he barley, when it shoots at both ends. Uiit as the word is still coininoiily used in Scotland, 1 am informed by those who should be best acquainted with it, that the barley is said to acherspyre not when it shoots at both I'nds, but when it shoots at the higher extremity of the grain, from which the stalk springs up ; as it is the aclicrspj/rc that forms the stalk. When the seed germinates at the lower end, from which the root springs, it is said to cowe. V. come. In the opera, tion of malting, the barley invarial)ly obscrYes the natural course. It shoots lirst at the lower end, a considerable lime before it acherspijrcs. Ere this take place, the roots are sometimes about an inch in length. As soon as the acherspi/re appears, the malt is reckoned fit for the kiln. The maltsters do not wish the stalk-germ to appear even above the point of the seed, lest it should be too much weak- fncd. ] fence the following complaint against those who had been careless in this respect: '• They let it tuherspijre, and shutc out all the ihrift and substance atbaith theends, qnhere it sould iiinic at ane end onely." Chalmerlan Air, ch. 26. From the mode of expression here used, the term, which projicrly denotes one germination only, has been understood as including both ; especially as ficherspi/rin;; is the last of the two. For the grain, when allowed to acherspyre to any considerable de- gree, indeed " shutes out all tTie thrift and substance at baith ends," because it has formerly co)tie at the lower end. 1 strongly suspect indeed that the word rniiif, as used by Skene, is to be understood at least in the general sense of sprhiging. Skinner supposes that the word is comjiounded of A.S. aeccr, corn, and E. spire, a sharp point. As A.S. aerliir signifies an ear of corn, (spica, Lye), the word may have been formed from this, or Su.C. ankar corn, and spira, which denotes the projection of any thing that is long and slender. Douglas uses echcris for ears of corn. In the Lyfe of St AVer- l)urge, i.j)i/re occurs in the sense of twig or branch. Warton's Hist. P. 11. IH'J. Ackcrprit, a potatoc with roots at both ends; Lancash. Gl. A. Bor. V. EciMUi. AcHERSPVRE, s. The germination of malt at that end of the grain from which the stalk grows, S. V. tlie V. ACHIL, ailj. Noble. V. Athil. To ACQUEIS, v. a. To acquire. No swaging his raging ]Vlicht mitigate or meis : ACT Sic badness and madness. Throw kind, he did acqiicis, Biirel's Pilg. Watson's Coll. ii. IB. Formed from Fr. acquis, acqiiise, part. Lat. acqui- s/dis, acquired. ACOUART, AiKWERT, adj. Cross, perverse. Dido aggrcuit ay, quhil he his tale tald AV>ih arqiiari hike gan toward him behald, Hollyng vmtpihile hir ene now here now thare, AV) th sycht vnstabill wauerand oner al (pihare: And all enragit thir wordis gan furth brade. Doug. Virgil, 11'2, 2f). The word here used by Virgil is aversus. Ac- quart is still used in this sense, S. as is aukzcarcl in E., and has been derived from A. S. aczserd, aversus, perversus. To ACRES, V. n. To increase, to gather strength. Ay the tempest did acres. And na was lykin to grow les Bot rather to be mair. Buret's Pilg. Watson's Coll. ii. 31. Fr. Accrois-tre, id. accroist, increase. Lat. accre- scere. ACTON, s. A leathern jacket, strongly stuffed, anciently worn under a coat of mail. Our historian Lesly describes it as made of leather. Lorica hamis ferreis conserta muniebantur, banc tw- nicae coriaceac non minus firmae, quiim elegant! (nostri Acton dicunt) superinduerunt. De Orig. ^lor. et Gest. Scot. Lib. i. p. 53. According to Caseneuvc, the auqueton was anciently a doublet stuff- ed with cotton, well pressed and quilted, which inili- tary men wore under their coats of mail ; and, in latter times under their cuirasses, for more effectu- ally resisting the stroke of a sword or lance. Grose says that it was " composed of many folds of linen, stiithd with cotton, wool, or hair quilted, and com- monly covered with leather made of buck or doe skin." Milit. Antiq. ii. 24S. " It is statute, that induring the time of weir, that ilk laiek landed man haueand ten punds in gudcs and geir, sail haue for his bodie, and for de- fence of the Realme, ane sufficient Acton, ane bas- net, and ane gloue of plate, with ane spcare and sword. Quha hcs not a.ne Acton and basnet; he sail haue ane gude habirgeon, and ane gude irn Jak for his bodic ; and ane irn knapiskay, and gloues of plate. 1. Stat. Rob. I. ch. 26. Fr. Iloqueton ; O. Fr. auqueton, liaucton ; Germ. hockete ; L. B. Aketon, acton. Matthew Paris calls it Alculto. Caseneuvc contends that its proper name is alcofo, which he whimsically supposes to be formed of Arab, al and cofo cotton : adding, that auqueton anciently signified cotton, for which he quotes various authorities. Du Gauge inclines to derive the term from C. 1?. actuum, given by Boxhorn, as signifying, lorica dupla, dujilodes. But the most probable derivation is that of JVl. Iluet, mentioned Diet. dcTrev. lie views Fr. /iO(;i(c/o« asa diminutive from hoque and hougue, which occur in Monstrelct. Ces grands clercs "a ses rouges huques. Jluque, he supposes, was used for huche, which de- noted a piece of fenuile dress. The word, he adds, is Flemish. Belg. huyk is an old kind of cloak, A D E A D li Mliirli in former tinu'S was worn hy women. Most probibly, however, the word was not restricted to female dress. For Kiliaii renders huyvkc toija, pal. liiim ; 17. fl. Afraid, GLSibb. Chaucer, adrad, adradde, A. S. adracd.an, tianere. ADRED, adv. Downright, from Fr. adroit, or droit, and this from Lat. direcius, Rudd. ADREICH, adv. Behind, at a distance. To foUo'jo adreich, to follow at a considerable distance, S. B. " The more he standis a dreich fra it, he heri? ay the better." Bcllend. Descr. Alb. c. 6. Remot- issime, Boeth. Skinner mentions adrigh, quoting these words, although without any reference ; B A V A " The Kind's Doiiglitcr, which tJiis sigli, For pure abashe drow her adiigli." Thoy occur in Clowcr's Coiif. P'ol. 70. It is cviilontl y the same word, explained by Skinner, Prae mero inelii se ^ coii^pecdi subdiixit. He erroneously derives it from A. S. diif-an, udrif-aii, pcllere. Y. DuLicii. ADREID, c'onj. Lest. And tho for feir I swet Of liir langa}:;e : bot than anone .said scho. List thou se furlies, behaUl thame yonder lo, Yit stiulie nocht ouir uiekill adrcid thow wai'ie, For 1 persauc the haltlings in ane faric. Police of Honour, iii. st. 65. Mr I'inkerton in his Gl. renders zi-aiic in the two senses of ;»•(■/ noise and curse. Adrcid is undoubtedly the iujperat. of A. S. adraed-an, fimere, used as a conj. Itird is used in the same sense, S. B. V, ItKF.D, V. and coitj. ADRESLY, ailv. With good address. Of gret pepil the multitude On iike sid, that thare by stud, Comniendyt helly liis aflere, Jlis aporte, and his nianere. As he hym hawyt adrc.sbj. And his court taucht sa vertuously, As he resen)l)d a Lord to be Of hey state and of rcawte. lljiiiOKii, ix. 27, 317. AE, ailj. One, S. Ah, chcqucr'd life 1 Ac day gives joy, The niest our hearts maun bleed. R(tmst, and neucr able to rccouer mercie." Bruce's Serm. on the Sacr. 1590. Sign. T. 4, b. AFFCOME, s. The termination of any busi- ness, the reception one meets with; as, "I had an ill afl'come," I came ofl' with an ill grace, I was not well received. It is also sometimes used in the sense of escape ; S. Su.(!. Afkomiti reditus ; from af of, and l;omm-ay to come. A F F AFFERD, part. pa. Afraid. Tharc is na UreJe that sail mak ts uffcrd. Doug. Virgil, 30, 17. Chaucer, offered, aferdc. A. S. afacrcd, id. The word is still used by the vulgar in E. AFFERIS, Effeirs, -u. impers. 1. Becomes, belongs to, is proper or expedient. The kynryk yharn I nocht to have, Bot gyll" it fall off rycht to me : And gyll God will that it sa be, I sail als frely in all thing Hald it, as it afferi<< to king ; Or as myn eldris forouch me Hald it in freyast rewale. Barbour, i. 102. MS. In the same sense this terra frequently occurs in our laws. "■ It is sene spcidfiill, that restitutioun be maid of yictuallis, that passis to Bcrwyk, lloxburgli, and Ingliud rnder sic panis, as effciris. Acts Ja. IV. 14o«. c. 67. Edit. 15GS. V. Abulykit. 2. It is sometimes used as signifying what is pro- portional to, S. " That the diet be deserted against all Resetters, they taking the '/V.*Y, , and such as will not, — that these be put under caution under groat sums effeir- ing to their condition and rank, and quality of their crimes, to appear before the Justices at particular diets." Act Council, 1GS3. ap. Wodrow, ii. 318. Rudd. thinks that it may be derived from Fr. af- faire, business, work. Uut it is evidently from O. Fr. ajjicrt, an impersonal v. used precisely in sense first. V. Cofgr. A£iertu, convicndra; «' afficrt, ne convient pas ; il vous ajficrt, il vous con. vient. Rom. di- la Ro^e. The author of the Gl. to this old book says, that the tertii is still used in Flanders. " Ajferir, vieux mot. Appartenir. On a dit, Ce qui lui affiert, pour dire, Ce qui lui convient. Diet. Trev. It njeds scarcely be added, that the Fr. y. has evidently been derived from Lat. affero, from ad and fero. Accords is now frequently used in the same sense in law-deeds. V. ErFriu, r. AFFECTUOUS, adj. Affectionate. "" We aucht to lufe our self and sa our nirhtbour, •with ane affeciiioiis & trew lufe vnfenyetly." Abp. Ilaniltoun's Catechisme, 1531, Fol. 39., b. V. Effectuous. AFFER, Afeir, Effeir, Effere, j. i. Con- dition, state. Quhen the King left hatl the spering, llys charge to the gud King tauld he. And he said, he wad biythly se Hys brothyr, and so the ajfcr Off that cuntre, and of thar wer. Barbour, xvi. 27. MS. — Fele tymes in hai'-ty efferc for drede The portis vesy thay, gif ocht war nede. Doug. Virgil, 280, 38. 2. Warlike preparation, equipment for war. To SchortwodeSchawein haistthai maid thaim boun, Chesyt a strenth, quhar thai thar lugyng maid : In gud affer a quhill thar still he baid. iVallacc, iv. 51 4. MS. Effeir, Edit. 1648. Erll Patrikj with xs thousand, but lett, A F F Rofor Danbar a stalwart scge he sett Th.ai tald Wallace oil' Patrikis gret uffcr. Thai said, F'orsuth, and ye mycht him our set, Power agayne rycht sonc he mycht nocht get. IVallace, viii. 166. MS. 3. Appearance, show. And syne to Scone in hy raid he, And wes maid king but laager let, And in the kingis stole wes set: As in that tyme wes the maner. Bot off thair noble gret affer, Thar seruice, na thair realte, Ye sail her na thing now for me. Barbour, ii. 1S2. MS. It has perliaps the same sense, as restricted to mili- tary appearance, in the following passage: llarnest on horss in to thair armour cler. To seik Wallace thai went all fiirth in feyr; A thousand men Weill garnest for the wer, Towart the wode, rycht awfull in affer. IVidlace, iv. 528. MS. •1. Demeanour, deportment. That fre answerd with fayr afeir. And said, " Schir, mercie for your mycht! Thus man I bow and arrowis beir, Becaus 1 am ane baneist wycht." Murning Maiden, Maitland Poema, p. 207. This word seems to have no affinity with the pre- ceding v., and as little with Fr. affaire, business. It is to all appearance radically the same with Fair, fere, q. v. AFFHAND, used as an aifj. Plain, honest, blunt, given to free speaking, S. ; affin-har.d^ Ang. FVom a^and hand. Tiiis word is also used adverbially in the same sense with E. offhand, without premeditation. M'er't my case, ye'd clear it up uff'.liund. Ram'ay\f Pucina, ii. 154. — Ah ! Symie, rattling chiels ne'er stand To deck, and spread the grossest lies uff-hand. ibid. p. 8S, AFFLUFE, Aff LooF, a^'y. l. Without book, offhand. To repeat any thing affiiife, is to de- liver it merely from memory, without having a book in one's hand, S. 2. Extempore, without premeditation, S. How snackly could he gi'e a tool reproof, E'en wi' a canty tale he'd tell aff loof! Ram.-ajj^i Poeiii^, ii. 11. AFFPUT, r. Delay, or pretence for delaying, S, Affputting, Delaying, trifling, dilatory, putting of,'S. AFFRAY, s. Fear, terror. Stonayit sa gretly than thai war. Throw the force otf that fyrst asray, That thai war in till gret affrajj. Barbour, ix. 605. MS. Chaucer, id. Fr. affre, effroijs, a fright ; evi. dently of Gothic origin. Affroitlie, adv. Affrightedly, Rudd. Fr. Ejfroyer, to frighten. AFFSET, s. 1. Dismission, the act of putting away, S. MoesG. afuit-jun, amovere. B3 A G A a. An excuse, a pretence, S. 15iil words I winna langor using 1)0, Nor will sic ajficfx do the turn with mp, Ross's Ilrlcnorc, p. 85. AFFSIDE, s. The further side of any object, S. Su.G. (i/sulfSy seorsum ; from rtf off, and sitla side. AFLOCHT, Afloucht, part. pa. Agitated, in a lliitter, S. " Al this day and nicht byganc my mynd and body is ajloc'nl, sporially son 1 hard tliir innocent men sa criielly tornuntit." Bellend. Cron. 15. ix. ch. 29. Nulla (iiiies detiir, Booth. V. Flocut. AFORGAYN, //t^. Opposite to. —Jfuigdijn llie schippis ay As thai sailyt, thai hold (hair way. Uiirbour.) xvi. 5b5. MS. This may be from A.S. ofvr over, and gcuii, agen, contra; or, by an inversion of Su.G. ffciif- ofaer, /c^'" or geiil signifying contra, and ojzccr trans. Or it may have the same origin with Foue- ASF.NT, t{. v., also FoltW.AINST. AFORNENS, prep. Opposite to. The castolle than on Twod-mowth made,— Sot owyn /i-for-nem- IJorwykc, Wos treiyd to be caslyn down. Wijnloi:n, vii. 8, 809. V. FottE-ANEXT. AFTEN, adv. Often, S. Thus when braid iUikcs of snaw have cled the green, Aft<:n 1 have young sportive gilpies seen, The waxing ba' with nieikle pleasure row, Til! past their pith it did unwiold} grow. Ram nays Pucms, i. 322. Lye views A.S. (irff, iferum, as the origin of E. off. AFTER ANE, adv. Alike, in the same man- ner, in one form, S. i. e. after one. Belg. bj ecu is used in the same sense. AFTER-CLAP, s. Evil consequence. Gl. Sibb. AFTERHEND, ady. Afterwards. V. Ef- TIRHEND. A.FTERINGS, Aft'rins, s.pl. The last milk taken from a cow, S. Lancash. Derbysh. id. A. S. acfta-^ post. Stane still stands limchic, he her nock docs chr.v, Till shoMl frae her the massy iij't'r/iis draw. Morisun'sPucms, p. 185. AGAYNE, Agane, prep. Against. The kyng of P'rawns that (ymo Jhon Agiiijnc hvni gadryd hys ost anon. fVi/ii/u:c)i, viii. J3, 10. AVith tliir ii\less (he back-yett bo a-Jee ; Sync up the baclc-style and let uae body see, And come as ye were na comin to mo. Barns, iv. 98. To AGGRISE, w. a. To affright, to fill with horror. Wyth fyrc infernale in mync absence also I sail the follow, and fra the cald dode Reyf from my mombrys (hys saul, in eucry stede, My goist sail be i)resent the to aggrise. Thou sal, vnwourthy wicht, apoun thys wise Be punyst wele. Dong. Firgil, 113, 17. This word is nearly allied to S. grouse, to shudder. Agrise, as used by Chaucer, signilies l)o(h to shud- der, and to make to shudder. In the last souse, it is said ; A I G Lordings, I coude have told you (fined this frcre) Swiclic peines, that your hcrtes might agrise. Sompjt. ProL V. 7231. A. S. agri/.'-an horrcre. V. Gkyis. AGLEY, A-Gi.Y, adv. Off the right line, ob- liquely, wiong, S. But, niousio, thou art no thy lano, In proving foresight may bi' >aii) : The best laid schemes o' mice an' men Gang aft a-gl^'. Bunix, iii. 1 18. V. Gt.F.Y. AGRUFE, adv. Flat or grovelling. V. Grufe. AGWET, the name anciently given to the Iiill on which the castle of Edinburgh stands. Sucli, at least, is the account given by John ILird- yng. Speaking of Ebranke, king of Hiilaiu, he says ; lie made also the maydcn castcll strong, That men nowe calleth the castel of Kdo\iburgh, That on a rock standcth full hyc out of throng, On mount Agv:ct, whcr men may see out through Full many a toune, castel and borough, In the shire about. It is so hye in s\ght, "Who will it scale, he shall not lind it light. Chron. Fol. 10. b. This perhaps is a corr. of the name w hich is said to have been imposed on this hill, in the language of the ancient Britons ; Mj/injd Agiicd, mount Agned, whence it is pretended the fortress was called Caltlk i)ijjiii/(l .igiicd ; Arnot's Kdinburgh, p. .'}. II. IJoece rails the town itself ./:;«f(/tf. Hist. Kol. 12, .Jti. AHIND, Ahint, prc/>. Beliiiid, S. It seems that lad lias stown your heart awa', And yc arc following on, wi' what's (dtiiid. Ross's Ufli-norc, p. 68. Bat fat did Ajax a' this time ? E'en lie like idle tike : lie stecr'd na' sin Sigeia's hill. Bat slipt (diiiit the dyke. Poems in /he liiiclian Dialect, p. 11. A. S. hindiiti, post; MoesG. hindaiin, liiiidar. Shall we suppose that there is any affinity with Isl. liiiuKU iuimoror ? AICH, s. Echo; proii. as r,^ in Gr. Ji^o?, vox. This is the only term used in Angus todeiiole the repercussion of sound. In the , CJothic dlah-cts, Echo has had no common appellation. If is e^idcnt that our forefathers have originallv considered it as something supernatural. For it has received a va- riety of personal designations. In A. S. it is called IVudti-maere, or the woodland nymph; mae re not being confined to the night-mare, but used as a ge- neric term. The Northern nations give it the name of Dicerga.i?Kd, or the speech of the Fairies, Pigmies, or Druichs, (for our word Droic/i acknowledges the same origin) which were sui)])oscd to inhabit the rocks. The Celtic nations seem to have entertained a similar idea. For echo in Gael, is Mac((d:th, i. e. " the lone son of the rock." AIGARS, s. Grain dried very much in a pot, for being ground in a quern or hand-mill, S. B. ^ Ulphilas uses ^loesG. akntn to denote grain of any kind. As in S. all grain was anciently ground in this waj ; the word, originally applied to grain in general, might at length, when new modes of prepa- A I L ration were introduced, be restricted in its meaning, as denoting that only which was prepared afttr the old form. Aigar.meal is meal made of grain dried in this manner; and aigar-brose, a sort of \)o(tagc made of this meal. V. Buose. Su.G. aker, Isl. fj. kiir, corn, seges, Ihre; A. S. aecer, aclij/r ; Germ. aelir, A\em. ahir, spica; Franc, iitidcluir, fructus autumnalos, zcacfcarhafr, ferdlis. Some have de. rived these words from MoesG. ank-u; Aleni. auch. on ; Belg. crck-en, kc. aiigere, as denoting the in. crease of the field ; others, from ek., eg., ech, acics, be. cause of the grain being sharp. pointed. Perhaps MoesG. akrs, a field, may rather be viewed as the, origin ; especially as Su.G. akcr denotes both the field itself, and its produce. To AIGH, V. a. To owe, to be indebted, yiigh- and, owing. S. B. Su.G. (ve^.ff, id. lag a.c«CT Ji07iom sua mj/cket ; Tantum illi debeo ; Ihre. Isl. cig-a. But as the pri- mary sense of these verbs is, to possess, we may view ours as also allied to MoesG. aig-mi, A. S. ag-an habere, possidere. Thus a transition has been made from the idea of actual i)ossession, to that of a right to possess : and the term, which primarily signifies what one /irtv, is transferred to what he ought to have. Gr. e^""' habeo, seems to have a common o- rigin. AlGHINS, s. pi. What is owing to one ; espe- ■ cially used as denoting demerit. When one threatens to correct a child, it is a common ex- pression, 'I'll gie you your edghins.' S. B. Our word, in form, closely corresponds to MoesG. iiigiiis, possessio. Aiigici, in O. Fr. signifies debts ; Rom. de la Hose. AIGLET, s. A tagged point. Fr. esgiiilette, (j. d. aculeata. It is also explain, cd a jewel in one's cap. GI. Sibb. AIK, Ayk, s. The oak, S. Bot yone with couerit hedis by and by, AVith ciuile crownis of the Strang (uk tre, Sail beild and found to th) honour, cpiod he, Noiuentum ciete, and Gabios the touii. Dodg. Virgil, 193, 1. I'lur. (dus, Doug. Virg., 109, IS.; A. S. «c, aec j Alem. eih, eiche; Su.G. ek ; Isl. cik ; Germ, eichc ; l>elg. eike, id. AlKERIT, adj. (pron. jaihrt). Eared; ivcil aikcrit, having full ears ; applied to grain. Tweedd. V. Aigars. AIKRAW, s. The Lichen scrobiculatus, Linn. This is only a provincial name confined to the South of S. V. Staneraw. AYLE, s. 1. A projection from the body of a church ; one of the wings of the transept. 2. An inclosed and covered burial place, adjoining to a church, though not forming part of it, S. It has received this designation, as being origi- nally one of the wings, or a projection. MoesG. alh, templum; A. S. alli, id. as used by Ca'dmon. V. Jun. Goth. Gl. Hence perhaps by transposition, A. S. he(dl, Su.G. and E. hidl. AILICKEY, s. The bridegroom's man, or he who attends on the bridegroom at a wedding. A Y N This is the only word used in Ang., aIthoii;,'ii in othiT parts of S. he who hokls this place is called the hC't Willi. Tliib word is most probably very ancient; as com. pouiuied of Sii.CJ. c, (lefDi. eke, A. S. aetee, marri. asje, and '^^v. tackaj/, Germ, lakci, a runner, explain, oil bv \Va( liter, rur-or, servus a pcdibu* ; from Su.G. lack'-a; (jenii. lurk-en, Icck-cii, ciirrere. This name might be very projierly ijiven ; as he to whom it be- longs not only serves the bridegroom, but is general. ly senf to meet and bring home the bride. Wachtcr observes, that the word luk has been dilliised, by the Goths, through France and Spain, to which Ita. ly may be added. For hence Fr. lacqiiat) ; Hisp. lacayo ; Ital. lucche ; Kng. lutqncy. The v. luk and lacka, are traced both by Wailiter ami Ihre, to Gr. Aa| a term applied (o the feet, jtkI kxi ^a|, mani. bus pedibusque; and by the former, viewed as re. lated to V^. teg', ^u.G.'laegg, Ul. legg-r, and Ital. laeca. AIN, (i.-?j. Own. V. AvviN. AYND.End, /. Breath. With gret payne thiddir thai him broucht ; He wes sa stad, that he ne mocht llys (ii/nd bot with gret paynys draw; Na spek bot gill' it war wcill law. Barbour, iv. 199. MS. This sayand with richt hand has scho hynt The hare, and ciitlis in tua or that scho stynt, And Ihare with all the naturalc hete out quent. And with anc puft of aiftul the lyfe out went. Doug. Firgil, 124, 55. O. E. onile breath. It also signifies vehement fury. Scynt Kdward the yonge raartir was kyng of Eng- tlondc : Vong y martcrid he was thorw trechcrie and onile. MS. Lives of Saints, Gl. II. Urunnc, in vn. Lenlyn had despite of Tdwarde's sonde, Bot werred also titc on him with nyth & ondr. R. Brunne, \i. 237. "with the utmost malice and vehemence ;"G1. Hearne idds, " It is a French word, signifying a wave which goes with force." lint it is merrly a metaph. use of the word primarily signifying breath, spirit. Isl. iinde, ond; Su.G. ande ; A.S. otid. G. Andr. de- rives (he Isl. word from Ileb. TiDN, anahk, suspiravit, gemuit, Lex. p. 12. To AYND, 11. a. To breathe upon. " Cif thay fynd thair eggisai/ndit or twichit he men, (hay leif (haym, and layis eggis in ane othir place." Bcllend. Descr. Alb. ch. xi. Ejus anhelitu ct ufllatu vel leviter imbuta, Boe(h. " Ef(er hisresurrccdoun.— hecffH(//V on thameand said : — Ressaiic ye the haly spreit." Abp. ila. miltoun's Ca(ech. Fol. 133, b. Ihmcc a)/«f//ng- breathing ; and aynding stedc, a brea(hing-jart of the natural day, and be afterwards extended to denote any |)ortion of time (irec.ding another; Gl. Goth. But there is no occasion for having recourse to the A I R Gr. for the root. Su.G. ar signifies the beginning, ijiitium, jirincipium ; which is a radical idea. Ar aar allila, thu echi var ; Principium cral aevi, quum nihil cssct. Voliispa, Sir. 3. Franc, Aleni., and Germ. ?/r, ahhotigh now only liscd'in composition, has procisoly the same meaning; as in urbikl, imago primiliva, tirancn, proavi, ur. sacke, principium, causa originis. It is often used as synon. with Germ, vor, before. AIR, adj. Early, S. ' You wou'd na hae kent fat to mak o' her, un- less it had been a gyr.carltn, or to sot her up anion' a curn air bear to fley awa' the ruicks.' Journal from London, p. 2. i. e. ' early barh-y,' that \\hich is sown so early in the season as to bu soon ripo. AIR, s. Expl. " hair, used for a thing of no value." Ferme luve, for favour, fcir, or feid, Of riche nor pur to spcik suld spair, J'or luve to hienes hes no hcid, Nor lychtlcis law lines anc air. But puttis all personis iu compair. lianitatjjiic Poems, p. 192. Lord Ilailes has most probably given the projior sense of the word. But it may deserve to be nicu. (ioned, that Isl. iiar denotes the smallest object iina. ginable. Primltivuni miiiiitissimum quid, et to *r»ft»» significans : G. Andr. AIR, Aire, Ayr, Ar, s. An oar. A hundrcth shipp.is, that ruthcr bur and in/r. To tur>s thair gud, iu hauyn was lyaud thar. iVallitcc,'\\\. I0G6. MS. Then schippyt thai, for o\vt\n mar, Sum went till ster, and sum till ur, And rowyt be the ile of Ifiit. Harbour, iii. 57G. MS. 0. E. are, Ritson's A. M. Horn. A. S. and Alem. are; Isl. aur ; Dan. uare ; Su.G. ara, id. Some derive this term from Su.G. ur-a, to ])lough ; as sailing is often metaphorically called, ploughing the waters. AIR, Aire, Ayr, j-. An heir. And quhen it to the king wes tauld Oft luglaiul, how thai sehup till haukl That casfell, he wes all ajigry : And callyt his soue till hym in hy. The eldest, and aperaud ujjr, A young bachelcr, and stark, and fayr, Schir Eduuard callyt ofl' Carnauerane. Barbour, iv. 71. MS. Bot Bruce was knawin weyll ajjr off this kynrik, For he had rycht, we call no man him lik. IVallace, ii. 355. MS. llenre aj/rschip, inheritance. ' Anent the ajjr.scliip of mouabill guilis, that the airis of Barronis, gcntilmcn, and frehaklers sail haue. It is statute and ordauit, (hut the suidis airi.^ sail haue the best of ilk a thing, and efter the statute of the Burrow Lawis.' Acts Ja. III. 1471, e. CO. edit. lofiO. jMoesG. arbi; Isl. and Su.G. arf; Alem. erbe, erve; A.S.i/rj,- Belg. oor ; Lat! haer-es. The Su.G. word primarily signifies, terra, arv-um ; anrl, AYR in a secondary sense, the goods of the soil, fun. dus una cun\ aidificiis, et quicquid terrs adha:ret ; Ihre. Thus it has been originally applied to landed ])roperty, descending by inheritance ; as the term herifuicc, which, iu our laws, is still opposed to move- able property, extends not only to the land itself, but to all that adheres to the soil. AIR, Aire, Ayr, s. An itinerant court of justice, E. Eyre. That gud man dred or Wallace suld be tane ; For Suthroun ar full sutuille euir ilk man. A gret dyttay for Scottis thai ordand than ; Be the lawdayis in Dunde set ane Ayr. Thau Wallace wald na langar soiorne thar. JVallnce, i. 275. MS. " About this time the King went to the south land to the ,-//r.v, and held justice in Jedburgh." Pits- cottie, ji. 135. The judges of such courts arc L. B. sometimes called Justiliurii itincraulcs. Roger of lloveden writes, A. 1170, that Henry II. of England ap. pointed tres Justitiarios itinerantes. They arc also called Justitiarii errautes ; Pet. Blesensis, Ep. 95; sometimes Justitiarii itincris, as in Trivet's C'hron, A. 1200, Justiliarius itinerisde Corona. By Knygh- ton, .V. 135.'}, they are designed, Justitiarii sut)erla 1-yre. V. Du Cange. In the laws of Rob. III. of Scotland, it is ordained, that the Lords, having courts of regality, should hold, twice a year, itinera Justiliarii. c. 30, 33. Skene derives this from Iter, which indeed is the Lat. word used in our old laws, and translated Ai^c. Skiuuer jirefers Fr. erre, a way. It would appear that we have borrowed the term from the English; and that they had it immediately from the Fr. For we find it in use among them from the time of the Conquest. Pur ceo que la commen fine et amerce- ment de tout le counlie en eirc dcz justices pur faux jugeinentz,hoir, from the Eastern quarter. Thus, Sir J. Sinclair says ; " The verb art, is probably de- rived from the Gaelic aird, a coast or quarter. Hence the Scots also say, What art? for IVitat quarter does the icind bloio from ?" Observ. p. '2G. Arctiix being the name given in Lat. to the two fa. inons constellations, called ihcbears, near the North Pole, which is designed Polus Arcturus ; this might seem to be the origin of our word. This being also that quarter to which the eye of the astronomer or traveller is directed, it might be supjiosed that this at length gave name to all the rest. It might seem to conlirm the conjecture, that C. B. arth signifies a hear, (Lhnyd;) and to complete the theory, it might also be supposed that the Provincial Britons borrowed this designation from the llon)ans. The Gothic, however, presents claims nearly equal. Germ, ort, |)lace ; die 4 oric oder gcgendcn dcs Erd. f/odcns, the four regions or parts of the earth. fVart also has the sense of locus ; uarts, uerts, versus lo- cum. Wachler derives ort, as signifying towards, from jecrts, which has the same sense. Vcrel. ren- ders Isl. varl, versus plagas orbis ; Xordan.varff versus Septcnfrionem. Belg. oorde, a place or quar- ter. These are all evidently allied to MoesG. x^airths., versus; nt, Orienteni, Occidentem versus ; in con- nexion with which Junius mentions A. S. eaitxceard, tzcst-iceard ; Goth. Gl. The Isl. employs another word in the sense of airlh or quarter, which can scarcely be thought to have any alFinily, unless it should be supposed that r has been softened down in pronunciation. This is act, att, plur. alter ; atlha aetter, octo plagae ; i siidur aclt, to the south ; i nordri actt, towards the North. To AIRT, Art, v. a. l. To direct ; to mark out a certain course ; used with respect to the wind, as blowing from a particular quarter, S. " That as to what course ships or boats would take to proceed up the river, would, in his opinion, depend upon the mode by which their progress was actuated, either by pulling, rowing, or sailing, and as (he wind was airted.'" Slate, Fraser of Fraser- field, 1805. p. 192. 2. To give direction, or instruction, in order to find out a certain person or place, or any other object. It properly respects the act of pointing out the course one ought to hold, S. " To art one to anjj thing ; to direct or point out any thing to one." Sir J. Sinclair, p. '20. As the verb is not used by our ancient writers, it has certainly been formed from the noun. Art oc- curs as a V. in O. E. ; and might at first view be con- sidered as the same with this. But it is quite dif. ferent, both as to meaning and origin. ^— My poore purs and peynes sfronge Have ariid me speke, as I spoken have. — Nei.'dc hath no la we, as that the Clerkes trete : And thus to crave artilh me my neede. Ilocclcve, p. 53, 5(3. When I was young, at cighfecne yeare of age. Lusty and light, desirous of plesaunce, Approching on full sadde and ripe courage, Loue arted me to do my obseruance, To his estate, and done him obeisaunce, Commaunding me the Court of Loue to see, Alite beside the moant of Citharec. Chancer, Court of Love, i. 46. Tyrwhitt renders the word, constrain, which indeed seems to be its natural meaning in all the three pas- sages quoted ; from Lat. arcto, id. To these we may add another in prose. ' In France the peop«r/.^/-. Keeping close together. Thar leylV Ihai laucht, and past, but delay, llytht far alijaud, in a gud arav j To Stirl}ng toni^ and \mi\A noclit thar abyd ; To se the north furth than ran he ryd. lVallace,'ix. 19G5. MS. i. e. right fairl)- keeping in a comjiact body. Fr. ulli-er, to join, to knit, to confederate; jungere, conjungere, sociare. Diet. Trev. To ALYCHT, v. a. To enlighten. The nixt day following, with his lamp hricht As Phcbi'.s did the ground or erth alirht, — Full euill at eis quhen Dido on this Ityiid Spak to her sister, was of the samyn mvnd, Doug. Virgii, 99, 26. A. S. alihl.an, illuminare; utijhtiiysse, illumina- tio. ALIST, To co7ne alist^ to recover from faintness or decay ; applied both to animal-s and vegeta- bles. The expression is used with respect to one recovering from a swoon, S. Bor. 1 bade you speak, bnt ye nae answer made ; And syne in haste I lifted up your head : But never a sinacle of life was there ; And I was just the neist thing to despair. ALL Bnt well's my heart that ye arc come alifi, lloss'"!/ JU'knore, )>. 15. Ibl. aliost denotes the dawn of day, diluculum jaiH iHTalcns, G. Andr. ; from a, corri^sponding to on, and Has, light. Whether there be any allinity, it imcertain. A word, originally denoting the return of day, might without a violent transition be used to denote the revival of decayed objects. ALYTE. adv. A little. Yit will the Deitli al^/e withdraw his dart, All that lyis in my memoriall, 1 sail declair with trew vnfenycit hart. Lijudsajfs IVarkis, 1392, p. 210, It is also used in O. E. V'. Airt, r. and Lite. ALLAGRUGOUS, adj. Grim, ghastly, S. B. " She looked sao allagrugous that a body wou'dna hae car'd to meddle wi' her." Journal fronj Lou- don, p. 7. This might br formed from all or MocsG. alia, and griious, q. all ghastly. In the AVest of S. mala-- giugout is used in the same sense, q. v. ALLAGUST, j. l. Suspicion. " Fan they saw us a' in a bouracb, they had' some allagust that some mishanter liad befaln us." Journal from I,ondon, p. 5. 2. Disgust, Gl. S)iiiT. Qu. q. all agaat .^ or, as Fr. goust, goaf, is used metaphorically in the sense of existimatio, judicium, it may be from the phrase a le goust, has a taste or smack of any thing. To ALLAYA, -v. a. To ally. " Than throcht that grit bfuefice that ye hef schauen to them of Ihcr free vil & vi(ht ane guide mynde, thai vil allatja them vitht you, quhilk sal cause ferme and [lerpetual pace to be betuix Rome and Samnctf." Compl. S. p. 130. Fr. alli-er, id. ALLANERLIE, Alanerly, Allenarlt, adv.. Only, S. — " The prccius germe of your nobiiife, bringis nocht furtht, alaiicrljj, branchis ande ten. dir loynis of vcrtu : bot as >eil it bringis furtht salutiti'ere v^ hoiisum frute of honour." Compl. S. p. 1. " Deforcement in poynding, and the plcycs of the Crowne, pevti-ines to the King's court uUanvr- lie.'' Reg. Maj. ]?. 4. c. 27. Titi " It pertains to God allenaiiie to know the in- ward thoughts and hearts of men." Pitfcotfie, p. 58. The ingenious author of the Gl. to Compl. S. says, " quas. alancli/." But the word is comp. of all and aucrly, only, q. v. This, accordingly, had at times been anciently written as two words ; as in the following passage : ]Mcn sayis that ma schip])is than sua Prcssyt that t3-m Ihc (oun \a ta : Bot for that thar wes brynt bot ane. And the engynour (harin wes tane ; Her befor mentioun maid I Bot ofl' a schip all anerlij. Barhouv, svii. 470. This is printed according to the MS. ALL AN YS, adv. Together, in a state of u.iion. C2 A L L Kymlncs said, Yha, lliai ar pud ScottismcR. 'j'liaii \Vill said, Nay ; wcryte (lioii may ken ; Had tliai l)i'ne t;ud, all am/''- «c liad beyn ; lie ri'iion heyr the coiitrar now is seyn. JVallace, \. 225. MS. F,dit. 10 IS,- ' ylfl ill one wo had bei-n. Ali unjf! seems literally te. Om- nium optimus, minimus, maximus. Germ, aller. hochste, the most High ; allergelehrfeftc, the most learned. Sw. aldra is also used as a note of the su- perlative ; as, den aldra'akraffe atvuag, the securest way; den aldrutkona'/e Jlieka, the most beautiful girl ; Widegren. A//er hale is a pleonasm : as hale or jchola necessarily includes the idea of all. V. Al.I.VRIS. ALLERIS, s. pi. " Allies, confederates," Rudd. But I have observed no passatre in Doug. Virgil that can auihoris-; this explana- tion. Perhaps the learned glossarist mistook the sense of the following : Lat Latyne pepill sitting by to se. How my no allane with swerde, in thare prescns, I sail reucngc and end our ullei is offence. P. 406. 1 . This Rudd. might TJew as signifying " the oil'eiic* given, or injury done, to our attics." But it uu- ALL ^ouLtfilly means, " our general offcncf, the injury done (o «//,•" coiiiDiuiie, Virg. The ingenious edi. tor of the I'ocms of James I. lias fallen into the same mistake, when exjiiaining the following passage : I will that Gud Uujc seruand to the bf, Youre alkrii frende, to let the to nnirn. Kirig''s Qiiair, iii. 40. " Your ally, associate, or confederate." N. V. Al- LARIS. ALLEVIN, part. pa. Allowed, admitted. In haly legendis have I hard allevin, jMa Sanctis of bischoppis, nor frtiris, be sic sevin ; Of full few freiris that has bene Sanctis I reid. Bunnutync Poems, p. 25. Mr Pinkc'iton explains this as above, Maill. P. p. 536, and it is certainly the sense. The origin is A. S. alcf-ait, conrcdere, pcrmittere. ALLIA. V. Alya. ALLYNS. Than thay buskyt to the bynke, bcirnis of the best; The king crouuit with gold ; Diikis deir to behold ; Alljjns (he banrent bold Gladdit his gcst. Gaican and Got. i. 16. Mr PInkcrton interrogatively explains this aluaj/'. But it seems to signify altogether, thoroughly ; Su.G. alleingis, allaoig/s, A. S. (illiitga, ealknga, MoesG , allis, id. omnino, prorsus. V. Hire, i. 82. ALLKYN, Alkyn, adj. All kind of. They still say, «." kjjn kind, S. lior. A. S. call- ci/n, omnigenus, all kind. V. Kin. ALL OUT, adv. In a great degree, beyond comparison. Allace! virgin, to mekill, and that is syn, To meki! a/l out sa cruel punyssing Has thou suii'erit certis for sic ane thing. Dovg. Virgil, 395, 49. Rudd. renders ihif- fully. Bui this does not pro- perly express the meaning, as appears from the fol- lowing passages : And with that word assembly t thai. Thai wer to few all out, perfay, W ifh sic a gret rout for to fycht. Barbour, xv. 146. IMS. Sixty men against four thousand vi ere fully too few. Quhcn that Schyr Jhon Wallace weyll wndirstud, Do away, he said, tharoflfas now no mar : Yhe did full ryclit ; it was for our weylfar. Wysar in weyr yc ar all out than I, Fadyr in armess )e ar to me for thi. JVidlace, V. S81. MS. All out, q. omnc extra, every thing else exclud- ed ; nearly ibe same in sense as utterly. To ALLOW, -u. a. To praise, to commend. Anone cjuhcn this aimable had endit her speche, Loud lauchand the laif «//okv7 her meikill. Dunbar, Mailland Poem.", p. 53. Chaucer uses aloie in the tame sense. This word may have been immediately formed from Fr. iiHou. er, to approve; which Menage derives from Lat. al- laud-o. But the true origin is certainly to be sought in the Gothic. V. LofE. A L L x^LLPUIST, Apiest, Apiece, conj. Altliougli, S. B. " The third was an auld, v.izen'd, haave colour- ed carlen ;— we had been at nae great tinsel «/ii(*v^ we had been quit o' her.'' Journal i'rom London, p. 2. Perhaps corr. from albeit. ALLRYN, adj. Constantly progressive. For iu this warld, that is sa wyde, Is nane determynat that sail Knaw thingis that ar to fall, Bot God, that is of maist poweste, Reserwyt till his maiestc. For to knaw, in his prescience, Oii allryn tyme the mowence. Barbour, i. 134. MS. From all and A. S. rinu-an, to tlow, to run. ALLSTRENE, adj. Ancient. Suppois I war anc aid yaid aver, Schott furlh our cleuchs to squishe the clcvisj And hed the strenthis of all strene bevis, I wald at Youl be housit and staid. Maitland Poems, p. 112. Probably from A. S. aid, old, and strynd, gene- ratio, ttryn-an, gignere ; perhapis the same as ^«*- trene, q. v. For elcvis and bciis, read clevir and bevir. ALLTHOCHTE, co/ij. Although. The sonii) s licht is nauer the wers, tralst me, ' Allthochte the bak his bricht bcames doith fle. Doug. Virgil, 8. 49. Mr Tooke derives E. though from A. S. thaf.ian, thaf-igan, to allow. But there is not the same evi- dence here, as with respect to some other conjunc- tions illustrated by this acute and ingenious writer. It certainly is no inconsiderable objection to this hypothesis, that it is not supported by analogy, in the other Northern languages. In A. S. fheah sig- nifies though, Alein. thach, Isl. O.Sw. tho, id. 1 shall not argue from MoesG. thauh in thuuhjaba, which Jun. views as synon. with though; because this seems doubtful. In O. K. thah was written about 1264. V. Percy's Reliqucs, ii. 2, 10. In Sir Tristrem, thei occurs, which nearly approaches to A. S. thcah. \ . TiiEi. •' Instead of thoch, in our oldest MSS. we gerierally find thucht, al/hocht. This might seem allied to Isl. thuett quamvis ; which, according to G. Andr. is per syncop. for tho at, from tho licet, etsi ; Lex. p. 266. But it is more probable that our term is merely A. S. thohtc, MocsG . thaht-a, cogitabat ; or the part. pa. of the v. from which E. think is derived : as, in latter times, provided, except, &c. have been formed. Re- solve althoihf, and it liierally signilies, " all beiiig thought of," or " taken into account ;" which is the very idea meant to bo expressed by the use of tho conjunction. Indeed, it is often written all thocht. All thocht he, as ane gentile sum tyme vary, Fu! perfytelie he writis sere mysteris fell. — Aii thocht our faith nede nane authorising Of Gentilis bukis, nor by sic hethin sparkis, Yit Virgin writis mony iust clausis condinsj. Doug. Virgil, Prol. 159, lo, 15, The synon. in Germ, exhibits some anaJogy, A L M Dachte being the imperf. and part. pa. of denk-en ; dock, although, may have been formed from the same TPrb. V. TiiociiT. ALLUTERLIE, Alutterly, adv. Whollj, en- tirely. All Ihocht that -women brocht thame to foly, Yit bait thay not wenien alutterli/. Doug. Virgil, 279, 32. Tvrwhitt derives tilierljj from Fr. otillic'c. But i( iscvidendy from A.S. ulei\ ullcr, exterior, (from tif extra:) Sn.C. yllrc, ytlrt-lig, id. ALL-WEILDAND, adj. All-governing. Than said he thus, Ail-i:cHd. V. Switu, ALWAIES, Alwayis, conJ. Although ; not- ■withstanding, ho^svever. " Ahoaijis Makdowald wes sa invadit, tiiat it wes necessar to him to gif battal to Makbeth." Belleiid. Cron. b. xii. c. 1. " The kind and maner of this disease is conceiled, ahuaies it may be gathered of the penult verse of the chapter." Bruce's Serra. 1591. Sign. B. fol. 1. It is rendered altliougit in the Eng. ed. 1(517. "■The remonstrants, with all their power, would have opposed it, [the coronation of Charles II.], others jirolonged it as long as they were able. Al- wajjs; blessed be God, it is this day celebrated with great joy and contentment to all honest-hearted men here." Baillie's Lett. ii. 3(57. It also frequently occurs in Spotswood's Hist. This may be viewed as a Fr. idiom, as it resembles toiUesfois, which literally signilies all times, but is used in the sense of although. It seems questionable, however, if this be not merely a kind of translation of the more ancient term algates, which, as has beea seen, occurs in a sense nearly allied, signifying at all events. AMAILLE, s. Enamel. About hir neck, quhite as the fyre amaille, A gudelie chyne of small orfeveryc Quhare by there hang a ruby, without faille^ Like to ane hert schapin verily. That, as a sperk of lowe so wantonly Semyt birnyng upon hir quhite throte. Kiug^s Quair, ii. 29. " White as the enamel produced by means of the fire." Tytler conjectures that " the two last words have been erroneously trauscribed," and that " the A j\I E original probably is, Quhite as the fayre anamaill, or ehamell." But Fr. email is used in the same sense; also Dan. amcl, Belg. malic, email. Junius, vo. Enamel, refers toTeut. tnticleii, |)ingere, A.S. mae/, imago ; and seems to think that the root is MoesG. viel-jan, scribere. " The fyre amai//e," is an ex. pression highly i)roper. It corresponds to the Lat. name encaustum ; eticnusfiis, enamelled, q. burnl-in, wrought with fire. It is, hoM'evcr, fajjie anmailie ; Chron. S. P. i. 21. AMAIST, adv. Almost, S. ; ameasf. West- morel. Ere ye was born, her fate was past and ganc, And she amuist forgot by ilka ane. Ross's Hcknore, p. 126. A. S. calmuest ; Belg. a/mcest, id. AM ANG, AMAtiGis, prep. Among. This prerogatywc than The Scottis fra the Peyclilis wan ; And was kepyd welle ahvayis Among the Peychtis in thare dayis. Wipitov-n, ir. 19. 40. The lave, that levyt in that cimtrc, Banyst fra thame a gcnfyl-nian, That duelland amaiigjjs thame wes than. Jil//iloii-n, ii. 9. 32. Amang, S. Westmorel. This, as has been very justly observed concerning the E. word, is from the idea of mixture ; A.S. meng- an, gc-mcng-an, Su.G. maeng-a, Isl. meng.a, mis- cere. But Wachtcr derives Germ, mcng-cn to mix, from mtiengd multitudo ; to which corresponds isl. mcnge turba, colluvies hominum, G. Andr. It nuiy therefore be sujiposcd that ama>igmcM\%., in the croud. The idea of its formation from maeng-u misccre, might seem to be supported by analogy; Su.G. ib/and, a- niong, being formed in the same manner from h/and. a to mix. It is to be observed, however, that b/and signifies a crowd, as well as Isl. mengc. Ihre ac- cordingly resolves iblttnd, inter, by in turba ; from i prep, denoting /«, and bland, mixtura, turba. In like manner, Gael, measg, among, is evidently from fneasg-um to mix, to mingle. V'. Menyie. 2. It seems used adverbially as signifying, at in- tervals, occasionally. It wes gret cunnandncs to kep Thar takill in till sic a thrang ; And wyth sic wawis ; for ay among, The wawys reft thair sycht ofl' land. Barbour, iii. 714. MS. AMBASSATE, Ambassiat, s. This term is not synon. with embassy, as denoting the mes- sage sent ; nor does it properly signify the per- sons employed, viewed individually : but it re- spects the same persons considered collective- Than the ambassiat, that was returnit agane, From Diomedes ciete Etholiane, He bad do schaw the credence that they brocht, Perordoure alhale thare answere, faland nocht. Doug. Virgil, 369, 33. In this sense it is used in O. E. The kynge then gaue unto that hye ambassate Full riche giftes and golde enoughc to spende ; A M Y And bad theim geue their lordes, in whole senate, His letters so, whiche he then to hym sende. Hardynge''s Chron. Fol. 74. b. Fr. ambassade, id. To AMEISE, Amese, Ameyss, v.a. To miti- gate, to appease. Bot othyr lordis, that war hira by AmcissTjt the King in (o jiarty. Barbour, xvi. 134. MS. i. e. in part assuaged his indignation. In edit. 1620, Hes nieased, &c. He message send Tyl Arwyragus, than the Kyng,— For til amese all were and stryfe. IVyntoisn, t. 3. 49. This has no connexion with Fr. cmmat-ir, cohibe- re, reprimcre, to which Rudd. inclines to trace it. Mr Macpherson mentions C. B. masw, soft. This Ihre considers as derived from Su.G. mas.a, to Avarm ; masa sig foer cldcn, ante focum pandiculari. But the origin undoubtedly is Germ, mass.en mode- rari, teni))erare,mitigarc ; Vranc. metz-an,\A. Germ. maess.igen, is now most generally used. Wachter traces thc^c terms to Germ, mass, Alem. mez, modus. The V. Meis, q. v. is used in the same sense with Amcis. AMENE, adj. Pleasant. For to bchald it was ane glore to se The stabillyt wyndys, and the calmyt se, The soft sessoun, the firmament serene, The loune illuminate arc, and firth amene, Doug. Virgil, 400, 4. Lat. amoen-vs, id. AMERAND, adj. Green, verdant. I walkit furth about the feildis tyte, Quhilkis tho repleuist stude ful of delyte, With herbis, cornes, cattel and frute treis, Plente of store, birdis and besy beis. In amerand medis flcand est and west. Doug. Virgil, 449, 13. From the colour of the emerald, Fr. emeraud. AMERIS, AuMERS, J./)/. Embers. The assis depe, murnand with mony cry, Doun did thay cast, and scrappis out attanis The hete amcris, and the birsillit banys. Doug. Virgil, 368, 27. Lurid and black, his giant steed Scov, I'd like a thunder-cloud ; Blae as the levin glanst his mane ; His een like aumers glow'd. Jamieson's Popu/. Ball. i. 243. This, I apprehend, is the pron. of Moray. A. S. aemyria, Belg. amcren, Su.G. morja; Isl. eimijria, favilla; which some derive from eimur tenuis fumus, Dan. em,jem, favilla. AMYRALE, s. An admiral. Of Frawns thai tuk wp all of were,— And slwe the Am^rale of that flot. Wyntown, vii. 9. 9.0. Tr.amiral; Belg. ammirael; Ital. nmmiraglio, !>. B. admiralius. Kilian refers to Arab, ammir, rex, rmpe- rator ; more properly, amir, a prince, a lord. Hence, it is said, among the Saracens and Turks, the satrap of acity, or prefect of aprovince, had the title ofAmira and Amiral. According to Du Cange, he who had A M S A N fhe coraiiiaiid of a fleet was also, ainon^; the Saracens, tailed Amiial. Ailniiialius is mentioned by Matt. Paris, as a Saracen designation, A. 1272. According to Mr llitson, the original Arabic is ameer al uinrah, or prineo of the princes ; (il. K. Met. Rom. To AMIT, V. a. To admit. (iiihat will ye mar ? (his thing amittift was, That Wallace suld on m the lyoun \yas. IValhKC, \\. 235. MS. Amit my asking, gif so the fatis gydis. Doii•//', and ^//;, spoils many a good charter." S. Prov." Kelly, p.'209. Dr Johnson has observed, that " an is sometimes, in old authors, a contraction of and if ;" quoting, as a proof, the following passage from Shakespeare. lie must speak truth, An they w ill take it, so ; if not, he's plain. But this conjecture has not the slightest foundation. Su.Ct. acn is used in the same sense with our an. Particula couditionalis, says Ihre, literarum elemen. tis et sono referens Gritcoruni s«», si. He adds, that it is now almost obsolete, although it occurs very frequently in the ancient laws of the Goths. yT'n faejlog^her. si pecus transilierit : " an the fe fle," S. Leg. Westg. Mr Tooke derives an from A. S. an-an dare; as .synon. to if, gif, from g/f-an, id. Somner indeed renders An as ecjuivalent to du vel ilono, I give or grant; quoting this instance from a testamentary deed in A. S., although without mentioning the place, JErcsi that ic an minum lilaforde, &c. Primum quod ipse donavi Domino meo. Lye translates An, indulgeat, largiatur, Ca;dm. 41, 4. As o;i(/ seems to be the old orthography of this word, INIr Tooke night probably view it as from the same origin with and, used in its common sense, ei ; which he derives from An-an-ad, dare congeriem. But as Su.G. ac7i has not only the signification of si, but also of ct, in the old laws of the Goths ; and as Isl. end has the same meaning ; it does not appear probable that the A. Saxons would need to clap two words together, in order to form a conjunction that was every mo- ment in their mouths. To ANALIE, V. a. To dispone, to alienate ; a juridical term. " Prelats may not analie their lands, without the Kings confirmation." Reg. Maj. B. ii. c. 23. Tit. " The husband may not analie the heretage, or lands pertaining to his wife." Quon. Attach, c. 20. In both places al/cnare is the term used in the Lat. copy. In the hrst passage, although analie occurs in the Title, dispone is the term used in the chapter. This is also the case, Ibid. c. 20. The word is evi- dently formed from the Lat. v. by transposition. Analier, s. One who alienates goods, by tran- sporting them to another coiintry. — — " The Kings land and realme is subject to ■weirfare ; and therefore sould not be made poore by analiers Sc sellers of gudes and geir transported furth of the realmc." 1 Stat. Rob. I. c. 23. § 1. Alienatores, Lat. copy. V. the w. To ANAME, V. a. To call over natnes, to mus- ter. " In the abbay of Hexhamc All thare folk thai gert aname ; And in. til all thare ost thai fand Of men armyd bot twa thowsande. JVj/ntozcn, viii. 40. 104. To ANARME, Annarme, v. a. To arm. " Ilk burges hauand fyftie pundis in gudis, salbe haill anarmit, as a Gentilman aucht to be." Acts Ja. I. 1429. c. 137. edit. 1566. ANCLETH, Hancleth, s. Ankle, GI. Sibb. AND, conj. If. V. An. ANE, adj. One. The Kingis off Irchcri) Come to Schyr Eduuard halily, And thar n\anredyn gan him ma; Bot girt' it war anc or twa. Barbour, xvi. 304. MS. As thcsignes in the sacraments arenotalwayisa^r; sa the same in baith, are not of ane number : For in bai)tisme, wee liaue but ane element, into this sacra- ment wee haue twa elements." Bruce's Serm. on the Sacrament, 1.590. Sign. F. 2. b. ^loesG. ain ; A. S. an, ane; anc. Su.G. an ; mod. Su.G. en; Alem., Germ., and Isl. ein ; Belg. een ; Gael, aon, id. Ane, article, signifying one, but with less em- phasis. INIr .Macpherson justly observes, that this is pro- perly the same with the adjective. " In Wyntown's time," he adds, " it was rarely used before a word beginning with a consonant, but afterwards it was j)ut before all nouns indifferently. V. Douglas and other later writers." Barbour, who preceded Wyn- town, uses it occasionally before a word beginning with a consonant, although rarely. In till his luge a fox he saw, That fast on ane salmound gan gnaw. Barbour, xix. 664. MS. ■^o Ane, v. n. To agree, to accord. Swa hapnyde hym to ta the Kyng And anijd for hys rawnsownyng For to gyf that tyme hym tyle Schyppys and wyttayle til his wylle. JVi/ntoicn, iii. 3. 42. Germ, ein-en, id. Sensu forensi est concordare, convenire ; sich vereinen, pacisci. Wachter. This seems to be merely an oblique sense of ein-en, sta- tucre, synon. with Su.G. en.a, firmiter sibi aliquid proponere. \s\. eining, unio ; Su.CJ. enig, Germ. einig, concors. I need scarcely observe, that all these evidently refer to Ane, en, one, as their ori- gin. ANEABIL, s. An unmarried woman. " Bot gif he hes mony sonnes, called Mulierati (that is, gotten and procreat vpon ane concubine, or as zee commonlie say, vpon ane aseadil or singill vcoman, tzhom he marics iherafter, as his laicfuU i^ife) he may not for anio licht cause, without con- sent of his heire, giue to the said after-borne Sonne, D2 A N E A N E anic parte of his herotage, aibtit he be weill willing to (loo the samiiie." Reg. Maj. B. ii. c. 19. s. 3. Amibk is an old Fr. word, signifying, habile, ca- pable. The Scots, according to Menage, have for- incd from it (he forensic term iithabilis, to denote a man who is not married. C'est un vicux mot qui so trouve soiivcnt dans les vieillcs Chartes. Aptm, ido. iieiis. Diet. Trev. This may be the origin of J/ic- abil as signifying a woman who, being single, is not legally disciualilied, or rendered unfit for being married. ANEDING, s. Breathing. On athir half thai war sa stad. For the ryeht gret heyt that thai had, For feehtyn, and for sonnys het. That all thair tiesche of swatc wcs wete. And sic a slew raiss out oil' thaim then, OtX iincdins; hath ofl' horss and men, And ofl' powdyr ; that sic myrknes In till the ayr abowyno thaim wes, That it wes wondre for to se. Barbour, xi. 615. MS. This word is printed as if it were two, edit. Pink. But it is one word in MS. Thus it has been read by early editors, and understood in the sense given a- bove. For in edit. IG^O, it is rendered breathing, p. 226. V. Aynd, v. ANEFALD, arf/. Honest, acting a faithful part. And farthermare, Amala the fare Quene, Quhilk at al tymcs thine ane fald freynd has bene, AVyth hir awne hand dois sUrue lyggand law, And for eflray hir selfe has brocht of daw. Doug. Virgil, 435. 15. Fidcliisima, Yirg. Hero it is printed, as if the two syllables formed sejiarate words. This is evidently the same with ajald, with this dif- ference only, that in the composition of it a, as sig- nifying, one, is used; and here une, in the same sense. ANELIE, adv. Only. " Wee are conjoined, and fastncd vp with ane Christ, bee the moyan (sayis hee) of ane spirite ; not bee ane carnal band, or bee ane grosse conjunction ; but allelic be the band of the halie spirite." liruce's Serm. on the Sacrament, 1590. Sign. I. 3. b. ANELYD, /!«;•?./)«. Aspired; literally, panted for. Eftyr all this Maxiniiane Agayue the Empyre wald have tane; And for that cans in-tyl gret stryfe Jlc lede a king tyme of hys lyfe Wyth Constantynys Sonnys thre. That aiielj/d to that Ilyawte. IVijntoicii, V. 10. 480. V. Also viii. 38. 231. Mr Macphersou has rightly rendered this " aspi- red, ;" although without giving the etymon. Sibb. explains anclj/d, incited, excited ; from A. S. unael. an, incitare. Hut the origin of the word, as used by Wyntown, is Fr. unhcl-cr, ''to aspire unto with great endeavour;" Cotgr. Lat. anhel.o ; L. B. anel-o. ANENS, Anenst, AtiZift, prep. Over against, opposite to, S. Thare was unoccupyid. Lyand be-yhond an arme of se Aliens thame, a gret cuulre. (Vj/ntoKn, iv. 19. 12. Tharfor thair ost but mar abaid Bubkjt, and ewyn aneiit thaim raid. Barbour, xix. 512. ^IS. "With that ane schip did spedely aproche, Fill plesandly sailing vpon the deip ; And sine did slack hir saillis, and gan to creip Toward the land anent quhair that I lay. Lindsay's IVarkis, 1592. p. 256. Anent, id. Lancash. Gl. Some derive this from Gr. amili, oppositum. Skinner prefers A. S. nca/i, near. The Gr. word, as well as ours, togetlier with MoesG. and, Alem. andi, Sn.G. and, anda, contra, seem all to claim a common origin. But 1 suspect that anens is corr. from A. S. ongean, ex adverso. V. FoRF-ANENT. ANENT, Ahe^tis, prep. Concerning, about, in relation to. " Anent Hospitallis that ar fundat of Alnioiis deidis, throw the kingis to be vphaldin to pure folk and seik, to be vesyit be the Chancellar, as thay haue bene in the kingis progenitouris tyme." Acts Ja. 1. 1424. c. 30. edit. 1566. '• Ancntis lleretickis and Loilardis, that ilk Bis- hope sail gar inquyre to the Inquisitioun of Ileresie, quhair ony sic beis fundin, and at thay be punisit as Law of halie kirk requyris." Ibid. c. 31. " Anent tlie petitioun maid anent the debtis con- tracted be the Frcnche men of AVeir in this c autre, the saids concordit, that the King and Quein sail caus restoir all that quhilk happenis to be found gevin and granted to the Kingis Lieuetenent and his Captanes, and utheris olliciaris, for the nurischmcnt, sustentationn, and maintenance of the said Frenche- men, or tlvat quhilk beis found aucht be the Lieute- ncnt foi service of his Majesty, that may appcir be writ, or confessioun of parties." Knox's Ilist. p. 230. Perhaps this is merely an oblique sense of the tenn yvhich signilies opposite to. It might originate from the mode of stating accounts, by marking the sum due over against the name of the debtor ; or rather from the manner in which it was customary to answer pe- titions, by marking the reply to each particular clause, directly opposite to the clause itself, on the margin. Hence the term might be transferred to whatsoever directly referred to any person or business. AViclif uses anentix in the sense of tcith, according to. " Anentis men this thing is impossible ; but ancn- tis God alle thingis ben possible;" Mat. 19. • To ANERD, Annere. V. Anherd. ANERLY, Anyrly, adv. Only, alone, singly^ Strange wtrageouss curage he had, Quhen he sa stoutly, him ullane. For litill strenth otferd, has tane To feeht with twa hunder and ma! Thar with he to the furd gau ga. And thai, apon the tothyr party. That saw him stand thar anyrli/, Thringand in till the wattyr rad, For oil him litill dout thai had ; And raid till him, in full gret hy. Barbour, ti. 132. MS. A N E In edit. 1620 it is rendered allanerlie^ the latter being more commonly used and better understood, when this edit, was published. Ne «ald I not also that I suld be Cans or occasioun of sic dule, quod he, To thy iiiaist rcuthfull modcr, traist, and kynd, Quhilk anerlic of hir maist tendir mynd, From al the vthir matrouns of our rout, Has followit the hir louit child about, Ne for thy saik refusit not the se. And gaif na force of Acestes ciefc. Buug. Virgil, 282. 47. From A. S. anre^ tantum, only. This may be a de- rivative from c« used in the sense of sp/(/s', alone. Hence Lye ^ivcs an and anre as eciually signifying, tantum, TO. An. Anrc is also nearly allied to the Alcm. adj. einer, eiiicru, solus, sola. But i am much inclined to think that, although somewhat altered, it is the same with Su.G. enhvar, Isl. ci/i livo>\ quisque ; especial- ly as this is a very ancient « ord. L'lphilas uses ain. hvaria m the sense of quilibet \ hence the i)hrase, jiinhvarjaiieh ixe handuns analaugjands ; unicuique Tel singulis illorum manus imponeiis ; laying his hands on every one of them, Luk. 4. 40. It confirms this hypothesis, that A.S. art/a g-e/t;£(//f signifies uniisquis. que, every one. Mat. 2Ci. 22. This, although obvi- ously the origin of allancrli/, seems Ui have been entirely overlooked. It is merely q. all alone^ or singti). AvERLY, Akeri.ie, adj. Single, solitary, only. *' Yit for all that, thair wald nane of thamc cum to Parliament, to further thair desyre with ane ancr. /if vote." Buchanan's Adnion. toTrew Lordis, p. 19. It occurs in Pinkerton's F.dit. of The Bruce. And quhen the King Rol>ert, that was Wyss in his deid and anerlif. Saw his men sa rycht donchtely TIk^ peth apon thair fayis ta ; And saw his fayis defend thaim sa ; Than gert he all the Irschcrij That war in till his comjjany, OH' ArgliHe, and the Ili.-i alsua, Speid thaim in gret hy to the bra. Barbour, xviii. 439. But it must be read, as in ^IS., auertij. A^ETHy prep. Beneath, S. As he came down by Merriemas, And in by the benty line, There has he espied a deer lying, Aneath a bush of ling. Minstrelsy Border, i. 77. Then sat she down aneth a birken shade. That spread aboon her, and hang o'er her head : Cowthy and warm, and gowany the green. Had it, instead of night, the day time been. Ross's Jlelenore, p. 62. A. S. neothan, Su.G. ned, Isl. nediin, Belg. ne~ den, id. The termination an properly denotes mo- tion from a place ; Ihre, vo. An, p. 87. ANEUCH, adv. Enough, S. Quhat eir scho thocht, scho wist it war in tane. Bot thai war glad aneuch. ■ Dunbar, Muitland Poems, p. 80. It appears that the synon. term O. E. was an- ciently pron. with a guttural sound. A N PI AVhan thci had so robbed, that tham thouht inouhy Thei went ageyn to schip, & saile vp drouh. R. Brunnc, p. 59. This also appears from A.S. genog, genoh, satis. Mr Tooke views the A. S. adv. as the part, pa, (Genoged), of A. S. Genogan, multi|ilicare. Divers. Purl. p. 472, 473. Perhaps it is more natural to de. rive it from iMoesG. jV/«o/i, nuiiti, many. Anew, phir. of Aneuch, s. Enow. On kneis he faucht, felle Inglismen he slew. Till hym thar socht may fechtars than aneu.\ IVallace, i. 324, MS. V. Enkuch. ANEWIS, s.pl. A chapelltt with mony fresch anezcr's Sclie had upon hir hcde, aiKl with this hong A uiantill on hir schuldries large and long. King's Quair, v. 9. Mr Tyfler renders this " budding (lowers." But I have met with no cognate term ; unless it be a me- taph. use of Fr. anncau, a ring ; q. a chaplet com. posed of various rings of flowers in fnll blossom. ANGELL HEDE, s. The hooked or barbed head of an arrow. A bow he bair was byg and weyll beseyn. And arrouss als, bath lang and scharpe with all. No man was (har that Wallace bow mycht drall. Byclit stark he was, and into so\iir ger, Baiildly [he] schott aniang thai men of wer. Ane angctl hede to the hukis he drew, And at a schoyt the formast sone he sleu. Wallaec, iv. 554. MS. A. S., Dan., and Germ, angel, a hook, an angle ; Teut. aiighcl. Belg. angel, as denoting a sting, seems to be merely the same word, used in a dif- ferent and perhaps more original sense; as, angel der bi/cn, the stiirg of bees. Kilian mentions Teut. anghel-en, as an old word signifying to sting. Hence the E. term to angle, to tish. SVachter de- rives our theme from ank-en to fix, whence anker^ an anciior. ANGIR, s. Grief, vexation. Thare-wyth thai tyl the Kyng ar gane. And in-to cumpany wyth thame has taue. The Frankis men in tharc helpyng. And knelyd all foure bc-for the Kyng, And tald, qwhat ese of pes mycht rys, And how that angrijs mony wys lu-til all tynie myeht rys of were. Wynto-ian, ix. 9. 104. Mr Macpherson derives this from Gr. afyf/;. This, indeed, is mentioned by Suidas and Phavori- nus, as signifying grief. But it is more immediately allied to Isl. angr, dolor, moeror, G. Andr. Su.G. and \%\. angra, dolore afficere, to vex ; which Ihre deduces from Su.G. aung-a, premere, arctare. MoesG. angvii, Alem. engi. Germ, and Belg. eng, as well as C. B. ing, all correspond to Lat. ang-ustus, and convey the idea of straitness and difficulty. To these may be added G r. »['/,"• ^- Ihre, v. Aanga. To ANHERD, Anerd, Annere, Enherde, v.n. To consent, to adhere. In Argyle wes a Barown That had a gret affectyown To this Stwart the yhyng Robcrd; A N Y And als liys wil wcs til cnhcrdc To the Scottis meniiys party. fVyntoicn, viii. 29. 164. Tharc ancrdis (o our nobill to iiolc, quiicn hym iiedi.s, 'J'liolf rroimil Kiiigisin fi'ir, M'ilh all (liair Strang powcir, And nu-iiy wight uorycr A\ (irtli\ in wcdis. Gaican and Gol. ii. 8. yinherd hereto ilk wan richt faiiorably, And liald ) our prco but oiilhir noyis or cry. noii^. i'iii^il, I'iy, 43. Juno tiiincrili/, and gaif consent (liarelo. iMd. 4 13, If). " — Sclio gaf finalic anc sontcnce aii;;iiiis King Da- nid (o aitneii' to liir as his lawchful lad) and \\\ il'o." Brilind. Cron. 15. \v. c. l(j. 'I'liis lias boi-n traced to O. Fr. alierd-rc id. But ivitliout the insertion of a letter, it ma}' be viewed as derived, by a slight transposition, from A. S. nn- hraed, anraed, conslans, concnrs, unaniniis ; which socms to be composed of an. one, and racd. counsel, ([. of one mind. It can scarcely be imagined that Sn.f ;. cnliaerde, olistinacx . ciilinrrd/'g, obstinate, are al. lied; as being formed from habrd. diirus. ANYD, prct. Agreed. V. Ane, v. ANYNG, s. Agreement, concord. Antiochus kyng M'yth tlic Romanis made itnj/ng. fVi/n/vicn, iv. IS. Tit. ANIS, Anys, Ains, adv. Once. And thocht he nakit nas and vode of gere, Na wound nor nappin un eht 1m m aiiij.i oHcro. ])oii'ir. Virgil, 3S7, 20. " Yec haue in Jvde 3, that faith is ains giuen to the saints: aiiis ginon : that is, constantly giuen, neuer to bee changed, nor vtterlye tane fra thame." Bruce's Serm. on the Sacr. LOOO. Sign. T. 4, a. ]Mr IMacplierson says, but without the least rea. son, that this is a " contr. of ane tj/ii." It is merely the genitive of an one, A. S. anrx, also ren- dered .H'nn/ ; q. actio uniu.s tem])oris. I'ron. as ainze, or i/r>irr, S. ccnzc, S. B. Anvs also occurs as the gen. of Ank. Bere your niyndis eqnale, as al anyy. As commoun freyndis to the Ita/ianii. Doug. Virgi/, 4.'J7, 15. i. e. as all of one. It is also commonly used as a gen. in the sense of, belonging to one ; anis hand, one's hand, S. ANIS, Annis, s.pi. Asses. — So niony anis and mulis AVithin this laud was uevir hard nor sene. ISannafi/nc Poems, p. 42. The word, however, is here used metaph. as in most other languages. It also occurs in the literal sense. The muill frcqiicntis the annis, And hir awin k} nd abusis. Scolf, Chron. S. P. iii. 147. S*u.G. asna, Isl. esne, Fr. asnc, Gr. cv-e;, Lat. «vt«-M.f, id. ANKER-SAIDELL, Hankersaidle,^. A her- mit, an anchorite. A N L Tlirow power I charge the of the paip, Thow noyther girne, gowl, glowme nor gaip, Lvke anker-iaidcU, lyke unsell aip, Like ow le nor alrische elfe. Philotus, St. 124. Pink. S. P. Rcpr. iii. 415. O ye hermits and hankersaidiis. That takis your penance at your tables, And eitis nocht meit restorative,— The blest abune we sail beseik You to del} vir out of your no}'. Dunbar, Chron. S. P. i. 235. This seems to be uierely a corrupt use of A. S. anccr-sctlc, which properly signilles an anchorite's cell or seat, a hermitage ; Somn. Germ, einsidlcr denotes a hermit, from ein alone, and siJlcr, a. set- tler ; qui sedem suan\ in solitudine tixit, Wachter. Not only docs A. S. ancer signify a hermit, .and O. E. anker, (Chancer, Rom. Rose, G31S), but Aleni. einchoruner, C. B. avkm'. Corn, ankur, and Ir. ungkaire ; all from Lat. anacliorcta, Cr. eit»- ^a^itrti^, from avce^u^etv, to recede. * ANKERSTOCK, .c A large loaf, of a long form. The name is extended to a vvheateii loaf, but properly belongs to one made of rye, S. It has been supposed to be so called, q. an anchorite's stock, or supply for some length of time ;" or, more probably, " from some fancied resemblance to the stock of an anchor." GI. Sibb. ANLAS, s. " A kind of knife or dagger usu- ally worn at the girdle ;" Tyrwhitt. This is the proper sense of the word, and that in which it is used by Chaucer. At sessions ther was he lord and sire. Ful often time he was knight of the shire. An anelace, and a gipciere all of silk, Heng at his girdel, white as morwe milk. Canterbury. T. Prol. 339. But we find it elsewhere used in a ditferent sense. His horse in fyne saudel was trapped to the hele. And, in his cheveron biforne, Stode as an unicorne, Als sharp as a thorne, An anias of stele. Sir Gaicun and Sir Gal. ii. 4. Here the term signiljes a dagger or sharp spike fixed in the forepart of the defensive armour of a liorse's head. Bullet renders it petit couleau, deriv. ing it from an diminutive, and Arm. lac, laequein, to strike. This word is found in Franc, anelaz, aiiah-.e, adiumbarc, vel adlateralo teliim ; which has been derived from le:, iatus, ad latus, juxta. C. B. ang/as signilics a dagger. Anelace, according to Watts, is (he same weapon which Ir. is called skein. The word is frequently used by Matt. Paris. He defines it ; Genus cultclli, quod vulgaritcr y/«e- lacius dicitur : p. 274. Lorica erat indutus, gestans Aneliiiiitm ad lumbare; p. 277. ANMAILLE, s. Enamel. V. Amaille. To ANORNE, v. a. To adorn. A\ythin this place, in al plcsour and thryft Are hale the pissance quhilkis in iust battell Slane in defence of thare kynd cnntre fel : — And thay quhilk by thare craftis or science fyne. ANT A T A Fand by thare subtel knawlege and ingyne, Thare 1) fe illumynyt and unornil clerc. Doug, yirgil, 188, 2 J. Perhaps coir, from L. B. inorn-are, ornarc; used bv 'J'cMiuIlian. ANSE, Anze, Ense, conj. Else, otherwise. Ang. It tan scarcely bu supposed that this is a corr. of E. else. I recollect no instance of / being changed, in common use, into n. It is more probably allied to Su.G. annar.i^ id. As E. el^e, A. S. ellis; Su.G. ae/Jci., Uan. e//ers, are all from the old C.oth. e/, other; Su.G. unnurs, Germ, and Belg. unders, else, are derived from Su.G. aiinan, a/iitre, MoesG. un- thai; Alem. aiider, Isl. «?!««/-, also signifying alius, other. To ANTER, v.n. 1. To adventure, S. B. — But then How antcr'd yc a fieldward sae your lane? Ross's Hflcnore, p. 31. 2. To chance. But tho' it should anfcr the weather to bide, With beetles we're set to the drubbing o't. And then frac our fingers to gnidge afl' the hide, AVith the wearisome wark of the rubbing o't. Song, Ross's Ilelenore, p. 1.35. *' We cou'd na get a chiel to shaw us the gate al- pnist we had kreish'd his lief wi' a shillin ; bat by guid luck we antcr'd browlies upo' the rod." Jour- nal from London, p. 6. 3. It occurs in the form of a part., as signifying occasional, single, rare. j4ne antrin ane., one of a kind met with singly and occasionally, or seldom, S. Cou'd feckless creature, Man, be wise, The summer o' his life to prize, III winter he might fend fu' bauld, His eild iinkend to nippin cauld. Yet tliir, alas ! are antrin fock, That lade their scape wi' winter stock. Ferguson's Poems, ii. 31. It is certainly the same with Alntek, q. v. Antercast, j. a misfortune, a mischance, S. B. Probably from anter, aunter, adventure, and cast, a throw ; q. a throw at random. Up in her face looks the auld hag forfairn, And says, Ye will hard-fortun'd be, my bairn; Frae fouks a fieldward, nae frae fouk at hame, Will come the antercast ye'll hae to blame. Ross's ilelenure, p. 61. ANTETEWME, s. " Antetune, antiphone, re- sponse ;" Lord Hailes. Protestandis takis the freiris auld unfeteiemey Reddie ressavaris, bot to rander nocht; So lairdis upliftis mennis Icifing ouir thy rewme. And ar rycht crabit tjuhen thay crave thame oclit. Bannutyne Poems, 199. st. p. 19. ANTYCESSOR, Antecessowr, Antecestre, s. Ancestor, predecessor. Our ^ntecessotcr/y, that we suld of reide. And hald in mynde thar nobille worthi dcid, ■ We lat ourslide, throw werray sleutlifulnes, And castis ws euir till uthir besynes. kValluct, i. 1. MS. " Eucrif man is oblist to delTend the gndis, Iie- rotagis and possessions that his antecestres and for- bearis hes left to them ; for as Tucidides hes said in his s} cond beuk, quod he, it is mair dishonour til ane person to tyne the thyng that his antcceHres and forbcaris hes conqueist be grite laubours, nor it is dishonour quhen he failyeis in the conquessing of ane thing that lie intendit tyl haue conipiesit fra his mortal enemy e." Compl. S. p. '291. Lat. antecessor, one that goes before ; formed as pre- decessor, and corresponding in signitiration. flenc« ]•'.. ancestor, through the medium of Fr. ancesirc. AYAYN, part. pa. Provided, furnished. For thi, till that thair capitunc War coweryt off his mekill ill, Thai thoiicht to wend sum strcnthis till. For folk for owfyn capitanc, Bot thai the botfir be apajjn. Sail nochf be all sa gud in deid, As thai a Lord had thaiin to leid. Barbour, ix. Rt. MS. This word is left by Mr Pinkertou as not under- stood. But the sense given above agrees very well with the connexion, and the word tnay have been formed from Fr. appan-e, id., which priiii.iril} sig- nifies, having received a portion or child's par* ; appan.er, to give a younger son his portion ; \j. I?. ajian-are. Hence apunagiam, appanage, the portion given to a younger child. Fr. pain or Lat. pun-is is evideutly the original word. For, as Dii Gauge justly observes, upanarc is merely to make such pro\'ision for the junior members of a family, that they may have the means of procuring bread. In Edit. 16'20, it is in painc. But this, as it op- poses the MS., is at war with common sense. APAY''N, adv. 1. Reluctantly, unwillingly: sometimes distinctly, a payn. And thoucht sum be oil' sic boiinfc, Quhen thai the lord and his menyo Seys tley, yeit sail thai lie) apai/n ; For all men Ueis the deid rycht favne. liarboui, ix. 89. MS, i.e. '^ They will fly, however reluctantly, because all men eagerly desire life." The play upon the verb//f (/ gives an obscurity to the passage. 2. Hardly, scarcely. The haillconsaill thus deiiiyt tliaim amang ; The toun to scge thaim tliotht it was to lang. And noclit a pa^ju to W3n it be no slycht. nW/acc, viii. 910. MS. Although the language is warped, it most probably signifies, '" that they could hardiij win it by any stratagem." Fr. a peine, " scarcely, hardly, not without much ado ;" Cotgr. 3. It seems improperly used for in case. To gyff battaill the lurdis couth nocht consent, Less Wallace war olf Scotland cro'.vnyt King. Thar consaill fand it war a peralous thing : For thocht thai wan, thai wan bot as thai war ; And gytt'thai tynt, thai lossyt Inglaiid for euirmar, A paiin war put in to the Stottis hand. nW/ace, viii. 620. MS. APE //; case it irerc put, &c. in some copies. A paijn, liowcver, may signify as soon as. Tliis is another sense of P"r. a peine ; Presq' aussi tot, ubi, staliin atquc, Diet. 'I'lev. 4. Under pairif at the risk. of. Willi a baiild sprcit gud Wallace blent about, A prcvst he askyt, for (Jod that deit on tre. King Eduuard than cumiiiaiidyl Ids clerge, .\nd said, 1 charge, apaijn oti loss oH 1^ we, Naae be sa banid yon tyrand for to sclirywc : He has rong lang in coutrar my hieaace. iy/i//acc, si. 1313. MS. In editions, it is on paj/n. Fr. a peine is also used in this sense. \ . also tl'a//. vi. G58, and viii. iiai. A PER SE, " an extraordinary or incomparable person ; — like the letter ^^ !>j itself, which has the first place in ihe alphabet of almost all languages." Rudd. ^laist reucrtiid Virgil, of Latino poetis prince, (Jem of ingyne, and llude of elofpience ; — Lanterne, lade sterne, myrrour and A perse, Maister of maisteris, swete sours and springandwell. Wide quhare ouer all ringis th^ne hcuinly bell. Doug. Virgil, 3. 11. Henrysone uses the same mode of exjjression. O fair Creseide, the flour and A per se Of 'J'l oie k. Grece, how were thou fortunate, To ihaunge in lilth al thy frniinite. And be with fleshly lust so maculate ? Testament of Creseide, v. 78. Junius has observed that this metaphor nearly ap- proaches to that used by the Divine Being, to ex- press his absolute iierfcction, when he says, " I ani Alpha and Omega," Rev. i. 8. But there is no pro- priety in the remark. For the force of the one me- taphor lies in the use of A hij itse/f; of the other, in its being connected with Omega, as denoting Him, who is not only the First, but the Last. lie ob. serves, with more justice, that this mode of expres- sion was not unusual among the Itomans. I'^or Mar- tial calls (.'odrus, y^/pha penu/aiuriim, i. e. the prince of paupers ; Lib. ii. ep. 57. APERSMAR, Apirsmart, nJj. Crabbed, ill- humoured ; j«f//, calschw, S. synon. Get vp, (scho said) for schame be na cowart j My heid in wed thow lies ane wyifes hart, That for a plesand sicht was sa mismaid ! Than all in anger vpon my fe.it I start. And for hir wordis war sa apirsmart, Unto the nimplic I maid a busteous braid. Palirc of Honour, iii. 73. p. 63. edit. 1579. y^persmar .luno, that with gret vnrest Now cummeris erd, are, and se, quod he, Sail turnehir mind bettir wise, and with me Foster the llomanis lordes of all erdlye gere. Doug. I'irgil, 21, 36. Rudd. conjectures that it may be from I^at. a^per ; as others from Fr. asjire. But it seems rather from A. S. qfor, of re, rendered both by Somner and Lye, bitter, sharp ; or rather Isl. apur, id. (asper, acris, as upurlci/ltle, acre frigus, G. Andr.) and A. S. smeoric, Su.G. smurta, Dan. and Belg. smcrte, A P L pain, motaph. applied to the mind, jipersmarl seems to be the jireferable orthography. APERT, adj. Brisk, bold, free. And with thair sucrdis, at the last, Thai ruschyt amang thaim hardely. For thai ott Lome, full maulely, G ret and aperl defens gau ma. Barbour, x. 73. MS. It occurs in R. Brunne, p. 74. William allc apert his ost redy he dyght. Fr. uppert, expert, ready, prompt, active, nim- ble, Cotgr. The origin of this word, I suspect, ijft ;. Lat. apparat-iis, prepared, uppar-o. % APERT. In apert, adv. Evidently, openly. And moi!}' a knycht, and mony a lady, Mak in apert rycht ewill cher. Barbour, xix. 217. MS. Fr. apert, appert, open, evident, in which sense Chaucer uses the term; // apert, it is evident; aper. te, openly, ^ppar.oir, to appear, is evidently the immediate origin of the adj., from Lat. appar.eo. Afertly, adv. Briskly, readily. Bot this gude i"'rle, nocht forthi. The sege tuk full aperlljj : And jnessyt the folk that thar in was Swa, that nocht ane the yet durst pass. Barbour, x. 315. MS. V. ArEUT, adj. APIEST, Apiece, cotij. Although. V, All- FUIST. APILL RENYEIS, s. pi. A string or necklace of beads. Sa mony ane Kittic, drcst up with goldin chenycs, Sa few witt)-, that weil can fubillis fenyie. With apill rcnijeis ay shawand hir goldin chene, Of Sathauis seiiiye ; sure sic an unsaul menyie Within this land was nevir hard nor sene. Dunbar, Bannafi/ne Poems, p. 45. Q. a rein or bridle of beads, formed like apples. Lord liailes observes, that as " the Fr. phrase, pomme d'anibre, meaivs an amber bead in shape and colour like an apple, whence E. pomander, it is rea. soiiabic to suppose that, either by analogy, or by imitation, apil, apple, had the same sense with us." iVote, p. 2.57, 258. Perhaps it is a confirmation of this idea, that, in our version of the book of Pro- verbs, we read of " apples of gold." Wachter and Hire have observed that the golden globe, impressed with the figure of the cross, and presented to the emperors on the day of their coronation, is called Germ, reichsapfel, Su.G. riksaple, literally, " the apple of the empire or kingdom." This the By- zantine writers called |Ki)Ao» ; and he, who bore it before the emperor was designed ftijAoipogsf, or the applc-bearcr. V. Appleuingie. APLIGHT. Crounes thai gun crake, IMaiii, icli wene, aplight, Saunfayl ; Bituene the none, and the night, Last the batayle. Sir Tristrem, p. 49. " At once, literally, one pit/," G]. Ilearne, (GI. R. Glouc.) renders it " right, conipleat;" Ritson,coin. A P P pTete, perfect. Tlie latter observes, that the ety- molos^y cannot be ascertained. \Vlion the kyng of Tars sauh that siht Wodde he was for wraththe aplilU, In hond he hent a sperc. Kyiig of Tan; Rt/son's E. Rom. i. 1C4. So lastc the turncment apliht. Fro the morwe to the niht. Ibid, p. 178. A.S. pliftt, poriculum, p//A^o», periculo objicere se ; as perhaps originally applied to the danger to which persons exposed themselves in battle, or in single combat. APON, Apoun, prep. Upon. And gyff that ye will nocht do sua, Na SAvylk a state apoii yow ta, All hale my land sail youris be. And lat me ta the state on me. Barbour, i. 426. MS. Constanstyne a-poii this wys Tyl Rome come, as 1 yhow dewys, And tharc in-to the lepyr felle, And helyd wes, as yhe herd me telle. 'iViiutoicn, V. 10. 375. Ane Ersche mantill it war thy kynJ to wer, A Scotts thewtlil wndyr thi belt to ber, Rouch rowlyngis apon thi harlot fete. Wallace, i. 219. MS. King Eolus set heich apoun his chare. Doug, yirgil, 14. 51. Su.G. A, anc. aj'is used in the same sense. Upp-a frequently occurs in that language, which nearly corresponds to the vulgar pron. of the prep, in this country. As, however, A. S. iifa signifies above, and MoesG. iifar, higher; it is very probable, as Mr Tooke supposes, Divers. Purl. p. 451, that we are to trace this prep, to an old noun signifying high; especially as ufar has the form of the comparative. APORT, Aforte, s. Deportment, carriage. Be wertuous aporte, fair having Resemyl he couth a mychty King. VVyntoicn, ix. 26. 75. This is merely Fr. apport used metaph. from op. port-er, to carry ; from Lat. ad and porta. To APPAIR, v. a. To injure, to impair. " Bot in Setounis hous were sa mony commo- dious opportuniteis for hir purpois, that how sa euer hir gud name wer thairby appairit, scho must nedis ga thither agane." Detectioun Q. Mary, S. Edit. 1572. Sign.^B. V. a. yippei;red, Eng. Edit. 1571. For our state it apeires, ivithout any reson, & tille alle our heires grete disheriteson. R. Brunne, p. 290. It is a sin, and eke a gret folie To apeiren any man, or him defame. Chaucer, Cant. T. 3149. Fr. empir.er id. V. Pare, r. APPARALE, Apparyle, Apparaill, s. Equi- page, furniture for war, preparations for a siege, whether for attack or defence ; ammunition. Jhone Crab, a Fleming, als had he. That wes of sa gret suteltc AFP Till ordanc, and mak apparaill, For to defend, and till assaill Castell of wer, or than cite. That nane sleyar mycht fundyn be. Barbour, xvii. 241. MS. — — Baronys als d( mekill mycht, With hiiu to that assege had he. And gert his schippis, by the se. Bring schot and other apparaill. And gret warnysone of wictaill. Ibid. 293. MS. Fr. appareil, provision, furniture, is also used to denote preparations for war. Tout cet appareil etoit contre les Arabes. j^blanc ; Diet. Trev. APPIN, adj. Open, S. " Ther is ane eirb callit helytropium, the quhilk the vulgaris callis soucye ; it hes the leyuis appin a« lange as the soune is in our hemispere, and it closis the leyuis quhen the soune passis vndir our orizon." Compl. S. p. 88. Dan. aabcn, id. The other Northern languages preserve the o. On this word Lye refers to Isl. opna, op, forainen. Ihre derives it from Su.G. upp, often used in the sense of opening ; as we saj', to break up. In like manner, Wachter derives Germ. offen, id. from a///, \i\i; adding, that A.S. yppt signilics apcrtus. APPLERINGIE, s. Southernwood, S. Ar. temisia abrotoHum, Linn. Fr. apile, strong, and auronne, southernwood, from Lat. abrotoniim, id. I know not if this has anjr connexion w ith Apill reiij/eis, q. v. To APPLEIS, V. a. To satisfy, to content, to please. — — Of manswete Diane fast thareby The altare cith for tyl applets vpstandis, ' Oft ful of sacryfyce and fat ofTerandis. Doug. Virgil, 236. 22. Gif thou wald cum to hevynis bliss, Thyself applcis w ith sobir rent. Banna/j/ne Poems, p. 186. Than thankit thai the Queyn for her trawaill, Off hjr ansuer the King applexsit was. Wallace, viii. 1490, MS. One would suppose that there had been an old Fr. verb, of the form of Applaire, whence this had been derived. APPLY, s. Plight, condition. Unto the town then they both yeed, Where that the knight had left his steed ; They found him in a good apply. Both hay, and corn, and bread him by. Sir Egeir, p. 43. This might seem allied to Dan. pley.er, to use, to be accustomed ; or to tend, to take care of ; Su.G. pleg-en, Belg. plegh-en, id. But it is rather from Fr. V. Ply. To APPORT, *. «. To bring, to conduce ; Fr. apport-er, id. " Of this opposition, wee may gather easilie, quhat the resurrection and glorification apports to the bodie. Shortly, bee thame we see, that the bo. die is onely spoiled of corruption, shame, infirmitie, E A R A A R A naturalltie, and mortalitie." Bruce*s Serm. on the Sacr. 1590. Siiin. M. 3. a. To APPREUE, ArPRiEVE, v. a. To approve. So tliat Avest my soiicrane that appreiie Be not eHuril, Dines, na thing the srouc. Doug. Virgil, 1 11. 33. Fr. approuv-cr. AR, Ar, adv. Formerly ; also, early. V. Air. To AR, Are, Ere, v. a. To ear, to plough, to till. Oucr al till' boiiiulis of Ausonia His fine llokkis pasturit to and fra; Fine bowis of ky unto his hamc. reparit, And witii ane hundrcth plewis the land he aril. Doug. Virgil, 226. 3 1. The folk Anruncanc and of Itutuly This ground sawiN full vnthriftely, AA'ith scharp plewis and steill sokkis sere Thay hard hillis hirstis for till ere. Ibid. 373. 1(). ^loesG.ar-iun, Su.G. aer-ia, Isl. er-ia, A. S. er- itin, Alem. err-cn, C4erm. er-cn, Lat. ar-are, Gr. •^-«», id. Ihre views lleb. \-\H, arel:, as the foun- tain ; which, he says, is preserved in Gr. £§«, and Celt. ar. S. ARAGE, Arrage, Aryage, Auarage, Ave- rage, s. Servitude due by tenants, in men and horses, to their landlords. This custom is not entirely abolished in some parts of S. " Aragc, vtherwaics Average, — signifies service, quhilk the tenncnt aucht to his master, be horse, or carriage of horse." Skene, Verb. Sign, hi vo.. *' Ther is nay thing on the lauberaris of the jSirond to bur.tht and land hot arrage, carage, taxa- tionis, violent spulye, and al vthyr sortis of aduer- fite, quhilk is onmercifully exsecut daly." C'ompl. S. p. 192. " That he sliould pay a rent of 201. usual mony of the realm ; 4 dozen poultrie, with all aryage and carriage, and do service use and wont." MS. Re- gister Othce, dated 1538. Statist. Ace. xiii. 535, N. " Arage and carriage," is a phrase stilt commonly used in leases. Thfs word has been obscured by a vaa-iety of de- rivations. Skene traces it to L. B. avcria, "quhilk sfgnifies ane beast." According to Spelm. the Northumbrians call a horse ^^ aver, ov afer," vo. Affra. S. aver, eaver, q. v. Ihre derives avcria from O. Fr. ovre, now ocuvrc, work; as the word properly signifies a beast for labour. }fc observes that avoir, in Fr. anciently denoted possessions, wealth, vo. Hajicor. Elsewhere, (vo. Ilof, aula,) he says that, in Scania, hofiisera denotes the work done by peasants to the lord of the village; which they also call ga til hofica. The authors of Diet. Trev., taking a different plan from Hire, derive (he old Fr. word avoir, opes, di. ▼itiao, from averia. Ce mot en ce sens est venu de avera, ou averia, mot de la basse latinite, qu'on a dit de toutes sortes do biens, et sur-tout de meubles, des chevaux, etde bestiaux qui scrvcnt au labourage. They add, that the Spaniards use averias in the same sense. Skene, although not the best etymologist in the world, seems to adopt the most natural plan of tle- rivation here. The term has been derived, indeed, from the v. ./4r, are, to till. " Arage," it has been said, " is a servitude of men and horses /o»- (iL'tigc, imposed on tenants by landholders." It Ims been reckoned improbable, that this word should owe its origin to L. B. avcria, '' as it is often opposed to carage, a servitude in carts and horses for carrying in the landholder's corn at harvest home, and con- veying home his hay, coals, kc." Gl. Compl. S. It is certain, however, that in L. B. aragiuin never occurs, but avcragium frequently ; and it can be easily supjiosed, that average might be changed into arage or arrage; but the reverse would by no means be a natural transition. Besides the oldest orthography of the term is auarage. "It is statute and ordanit, — that all landis, rentis, custumis, burrow maillis, fermes, martis, niuttoun, pultrlc, auarage, cariage, and vtherdewleis, that war in (he haiulis of his Progenitouris and Father, ([uliome God assolyie, the da)' of his dcccis ; notwithstanding quhatsuraeuer assignatioun or gift be maid thairvpone under the greit seill, preuie seill, or vthers, be al- luterlie cassit and annnllit : swa that the haill pro- iitis and rentis thairof may cum to our soueraiie Lord." Ja, IV. A. H89. c. 24. Edit. 1566. It may be added, that the money paid for being freed from the burden of o/o^e was called averpeiiuy in the E. laws. " Averpennif, hoe est, quietura esse (to be (juit) de diversis den^triis, pro averagio Do- mini Regis [Rastall] ; — id est, a vccturis regiis, quae a tenentibus Regi praestantur. Tributum, quod prac* statur pro unmunitatc curroperae, seu vecturae. Da Cange, vo. Avcrpeni/. iSor is there any evidence that " arage opv posed to cn;v/ot'." They are generally conjoined in S., but rather, by a pleonasm common in our lan- guage, as terms, if not synonymous, at least of simi. lar meaning. Carriage may have been added, to shew that the service required was extended to the use of cars, carts, waggons, and other iinplemenis of this kind, as well as of horses and cattle. For Skene seems rightly to nnderstand aragc, as denot- ing service, " be horse, or carriage of horse." But w hen it is recollected that, in former times, as in some parts of S. still, the greatest part of cariage was on the backs of horses ; it will appear probable, that it was afterwards found necessary to add this term, as denoting a right to ttie use of all such vehicles as were emplojed for this purpose, especially when these became more common. The phrase, can aiiaragiis et caragiix, is quoted by Skene, as occur- ring in an Indenture executed at Pertlv, A. 1371, betwixt Robert Stewart, Earl of Menteith, and Isa- bell Countess of Fife, resigning the Earldom of Fife into the King's hands, in favour of the said Earl. By Du Cange, Cariagium is rendered, vectura cum carro, quam quis domino praestare debet ; nostris chariage. As, however, this word is not restricted to carriage by means of cars, wains, &c. it seems at times in our old laws to have denoted the work of men employed as porters. Hence one of the " ar- ticles to be inquyred by secret inquisition, aird pu- nished be the lawj" isj " of allowance made & A U A S'lvcn io the Baillics of the buigli (in Iheir comples) and not payed to the jiiiic, for cnriage and doing o( other labonrs." Chalnurlan Air. c. 39. .si 42. This corrcsjionds to the account given in our Sta- fistics. " On other estates, it is the duty of ser- vants to carry out and spread tlie dung for manur. ing the proprietor's land in tlie seed time, which frc. quently inti-rferes witli his own work of the, same kind. It is also the duty of the tenants to fetch from tlie neighbouring sea-ports all the coal wanted for the proprietor's use. The tenants are also bound to go a certain number of errands, sometimes with their carts and horses, sometimes a-foot : a certain number of long errands, and a certain number of short ones, are required (o be performed. A long errand is what requires more than one day. This is called Ccuriagc." P. Dimnichen, Forfar, i. 433. Averagium is explained by Spelm. with such la- titude as to include all that is signified by the S. phrase, wage anil cur/agc. Opus, scilicet, quod «rcr//v, equis, bobus, plaustris, curribiis, aut Uegi perlicitur ratioiic pracdii aut aliter, alterive domino. Ihrc supposes, with considerable probability, that haj'cr, among the Germans, formerly signiiied a horse ; as St Stephen's day, called llaj'cr-iccike, was other- ■wise denominated in the same sense dcj- grossc Pfcrdstag., or the great horse-day. lie also tiiinks, that oats, anciently in Sw. called hacftakorn, i. o. horse-corn, was for the same reason designed hafre- korn, and compendiously hnjic ; vo. HiiJ'ra. I shall only add, that, although it seems to me most probable, that arage is derived from avei'ia, a beast for worli, it is not at all unlikely that the origin of this is O. Ft. or/c, work ; especially as Spelm. informs us, that according to the customs of Domesday, avera was the work of one day, which tlie king's tenants gave to the viscount. The term ui'cra, as denoting moik, might very naturally be transferred to a beast used for labour, as we still say in S., a vsark-bcait. V. Avek. To ARAS, Arrace, v. a. l. To snatch, or pluck away by force. Alysawnd^ r than the Ramsay Gert lay liym down for-owtyn lete ; And on his helme his fute he scte, And wyth gret strynth owt can aras The trownsown, that thare stekand was. IVyntox^u, viii. 35. 127. That notabill spous furtli of hir lugeing place The mene sessoun all armour did arrace; IMy traisty swerd fra vndcr my hede away Stall scho, and in the place brocht Menclai). Doug. Virgil, 182. 23. It is sometimes used by Doug, for emovere, and at other times for diripcre, in the original. Fr. arrach-er, to tear, to pull by violence ; to pull up by the roots, from Lat. cradico. . 2. To raise up. Before thame al maist gracius Eneas ' His handis two, as tho the custume was, Towart the heuin gan vplyft and arrace; And syne the chyld Ascaneus did enbrace. Doug. Virgil, 456. 20. This sense is so different from the former, that one would think it were put for arraisc, q. to raise up. ARC ARBY-ROOT, s. The root of the sea-pink, oi Statice armeria, Orkney. ARCH,Argh, Airgh,Ergh, (gutt.)a<^'. Averse, reluctant; often including the idea of timidity as the cause of reluctance, S. The pepil hale grantis that thay wate Quhat fortoun schawls, and in quhate estate Our matteris standis; but thay are arch to schaw, Quhispcrand amangis thame, thay stand sic aw. Hot cans him gif thame liberte to spcik. Do way his boist, that thair brcith may out bruik, I mene of him, be quhais vnhapjjy werde, And fraward thewis, now dede oh the erde Sa mony chief chiftanis and dukis lyis ; Forsoith I sail say furth all m^ ne auise. bong. Virgil, 374. 24. 2. Apprehensive, filled with anxiety, S. Ochon ! it is a fearfn' nicht! Sic saw I ne'er before ; And fearfu' will it be to me, I'm crch, or a' be o'er. Jamicson's Popul. Ball. I. 233. Chaucer uses erke for weary, indolent. And of that dede be not crkc, But ofte sithcs haunt that werke. Rom. R. V. 4S5B. In the cognate languages, this word is used to express both inaction and fear ; the former, most probably, as proceeding, or supposed to proceed, from the latter, and among warlike nations accounted a strong indi- cation of it. Sometimes, however, the word varies its form a little, as used iu these dift'erent senses. A. S. earg, desidiosus, iners, slothful, sluggish ; ear/i, (A'Afnc. Gram.) fugax, timorous, and ready to run away for fear ; Somn. It is also used in the same sense with earg. Isl. arg-ur, reformidans; argr, piger, descs, G. Andr. p. 16. arg, Carm. Lodbrog, St. 22. Su.G. arg, ignavus ; oarg, intrepidus. Lappon. arge, timid ; arget, fearfully ; argo, ti. meo ; Leem. Vossius refers this word to Gr. a^y-»i for afjy-s;, from a priv. and sjyov opus. It is well known, that as among the ancient Goths the highest praise was that of warlike glory, in- activity in military exercises was a great reproach. One of this description was called argiir, or in L. B. urga. According to an ancient ordinance, Tliracll ci tliegar hejnir, cnn argur aJldre ; a ihrall or slave was to be avenged only late, but an argur never ; Gretla. c. 13. ap. Ihre. It came to be used, in heat of temper, as a term of reproach, apparently of the same meaning with poltroon or coi^ard in modern language. Si quis alium Argam per furoreni clama- verit, &c. Leg. Longobard. Lib. 1 . Tit. 5. : Du Cange. And in those ages, in which the most exalted virtue was bravery, this must have been a most ignominious designation. He who submitted to the imputation, or who was even subjected to it, was viewed in the same light with one in our times, who has been legal- ly declared infamous. Hence we find one comman- der saying to another; Memento, Dux Fredulfe, quod me inertem et inutilem dixeris, et vulgari ver- bo, urga, vocaveris. Paul. Diacon. Lib. 6. c. 24. It has also been explained by Boherius, Spelman, kc. as signifying, in these laws, a cuckold who tamely bore his disgrace. V. Ergh, s. E2 ARE A R G To hesitate, to be reluc- Reluctance, backward- To Arch, Argh, v. n. tant, S. V. Ergh, v. Archnes, Archness, s. ness. " If, says he, our brethren, after what we have writ to them and you, lay not to heart the reformation of their liirk, we are exonercd, and must regret their archness (backwardness) to improve such an oppor- tunity." Wodrow's Hist. i. xxxii. To AREIK, Arreik, -u. a. To reach, to extend. Thay elriche brelhir, with thair lukis thrawin, Thochtnochtawalit, tharc standing haue we knaMin; An horribil sorte, wyth mony camschol beik, And hedis semand to the henin arreik. Doug. Virgil, 91. 19. V. Maw, r. A. S. arecc-an, assequi, to get, to attain, to reach, to take ; Somn. V. Reik. AREIR, adv. Back. Bot wist our wyfis that ye war heir, Thay wold mak all (his town on steir. Thairfoir we reid ) ow rin arcir In dreid ve be miscaryit. Lw(/jfl7/, S. P. R. ii. 211. Fr. arriere, backward ; Lat. a retro. To rin a- reir, io decline, synon. with miscary. ARESOUND,/.^^ An harpour made a lay, That Tristrem aresound he ; The harpour gede oway, — '• Who better can lat se."— Sir Tristrem, p. 34. sf. 51. " Criticized," Gl. Perhaps ratlier, derided ; from Lat. arrideo, isum, to laugh at, or arrisio. Aresoii is used by R. Brunue in the sense of per- iuade, or reason nith. Yit our messengers for Gascoyn were at Rome, Foure lordes fulle fers, to here the pape's dome, Ther foure at Rome war to areson the pape, The right forto declare, & for the parties so schape, To whom the right suld be of Gascoyn euer & ay. Citron, p. 3M. ARETTYT, part. pa. Accused, brought into judgment. And gud Scliyr Dawy off Brechyn Wes off this deid arettyt syne. Barbour, xix. 20. MS. i. e. his treason against K. Robert. Edit. 1620, ar~ rested. But by this change, as in a great Taricty of instances even in this early edit., the meaning is lost. The term is from L. B. rcct-are, ret-are, reff- are, arctt-ure, explained by Du Cangc, accusare, in jus vocare; also, more strictly, reum ad rectum faci. cndum submonere. Arretati de crimine aliquo ; For. tiscue, de Leg. Angl. c. 36. It is not quite un- known in our law. " Gif ane Burges is challenged to doe richt for ane trespasse, and detained be his challengers within burgh, and offers ane pledge for him : gif he is taken in tune of day, his challengers sail convoy him to the house quliere hesayeshis pledge is." Burrow Lawcs, c. 80. s. 1. In the Lat. copy it is, Si quis fuerit ir. rttilus do aliquo raalefactoj &c. In the margin, Al, r«c<«/«jf, i. Tocatur in jus, ut rectum facial, to do richt. Thcst! barbaric terms seem sometimes to include the idea of conviction, and subjection to punish- ment, or to make the amende honorable. Perhaps the word is used in this sense by Barbour. Du Cange views arreturc as the origin of Fr. arrcter, to arrest. Su.G. racf, jus, not only denotes compensation, but fre([uentlv, cajiital punishment; hence afracita, to behead, and ructta, to judge, also to punish capi- tally ; Germ, richtcn, to punish, to take vengeance. Ihre remarks the reseml)lance between the sense of the Su.G. terms, and Fv.Justicier, L. B.jitsticiare. V. JUSTIFT. ARGENT CONTENT, Ready money. " King Wyllyam sal pay ane hundreth thousand poundis striueling for his redemption, the tane half to be payit with argent content. And for sickir payment of this othir half, he sal geif Cumber, Hun- tingtoun and Northumbirland vndcr ane reuersioun, ay and quhil the residcw of his ransoun war payit to the kvng of Ingland." Bellend. Chron. b. xiii. c. 5. Partem unam praescnicm, Boeth. Fr. argent comp- tant, id. To ARGH. V. Ergh, v. ARGIE, s. Assertion in a dispute, side of a question which one takes. He is said to keep Ms ain argic, who, whatever be said to the con- trary, still repeats what he has formerly asser- ted, S. Bor. ; synon. with keeping ones aiti threap. This word might at first view seem to be corr. for- med from the K. v. argue. But Su.G. ierga is used in the same sense, semper cadem obgannire, ut solent anicuhe irata; ; Ihre. Isl. iarg-r, keen contention. To ARGLE-BARGLE, v. n. To contend, to bandy backwards and forwards, S. jdurgle- iargiri. Loth. But 'tis a daffin to debate. And aurgle-bargin with our fate. Ram.srii/\v Poems, i. 335. This may be referred to the same fountain as the last word. Besides the terms mentioned, wemaj' add Isl. org, enraged ; jargu, to contend. In Gl. Ram- say, however, eaggle-bargin is given as synon. If this be well authorised, the term may properly signi- fy to haggle in a bargain. To ARGONE, Argo WNE, Argwe, Argew, v. a. 1. To argue, to contend by argument. Than said the Merle, Myne errour I confes ; This frustir luve all is bot vanile ; Blind ignorance me gaif sic hardinc-s. To argone so agane the varitc. Biinnatync Poems, p. 92. -2. To censure, to reprehend, to chide with. Than knew thai weille that it was he in playne, Be liorss and wcide, that nrgoiond thaim befor. Wallace, iv. 83. MS. Ane argzendc thaim, as thai [went] throuch the toun. The starkast man that llesylryg than knew. And als he had off lychly wordis ynew. Wallace, vi. 126. MS. ARK A R L Ar^ne is used in the same sense by Wyntown and "Douglas. As in oure materc wc precede, Sum man may fall this buk to rede, Sail call the aiifour to rokles, Or arguie perchaus hj s ciinnandnes. Croitj/kil, V. 12. 280. Not you, nor yit the Kynjt Lati/ne but leis, That wont was for to reyng in plesaud pece, I wyl argeio of thys uianer and offence. Forsoith 1 wate the wilful violence Of Tuniits al tliat grete werk brocht about. Doug. Virgit. 46S. 51. Fr. argii-er, Lat. argii-o. ARGUESYN, s. The lieutenant of a galley ; he who has the government and keeping of the slaves committed to him. " Soneeffcr thair arryvcll a.iNances [Nantz,] thair grit Salve was sung, and a glorious painted Ladie was brocht in to be kissit, and amongcst utheris was presented to one of the Scottis men then chainyeid. He gentillic said. Truble me not ; suche an idolle is acciirsif ; aud thairfuir I u:ill not (niche it. The Patrone, and the ylrguesi/n, with two Glaciers, ha- ying the cheifchairge of all suche matters, said, Thou sail handle if. And so they violentlie thruist it to his faicf, aud pat it bctwi.x his hands, w ho seing the cxtremitie, take the idolle, and advjsitlie luiking a- bout, he caist it in the rcver, and said, Lat our Ladie tiozs save hir.^e/f; sche is li/cht aneuche, lat hir Icirne to sz!:t)nie. Kfter that was no Scottis man urgit with that idolatrie." Knox. p. 83. JIS. i. id. Arguiscr, MS. ii. and London edit. I have given this jjassage fully, not only as en- tertaining, but as shewing the integrity and undaun- ted spirit of our Scottish Reformers, even in the depth of adversity, when in the state of galley- slaves. Knox does not mention the name of this person. But the story has strong traits of resem- blance to himself. Fr. urgousin, id. Satelles remigibus regendis ac ciistodicndis prippositiis. Diet. Trcv. To ARGUMENT, v. a. To prov^, to shew. " Treuth it is, the kirk testifcis to the congrega. tion & certifiis, quhilk is autentik scripture, qiihilk is nocht: quhilk argumenlis nocht that the scripture takis authoritie of the kirk." Kennedy, Crosra- guell, p. 109. ARK, s. A large chest, especially for holding corn or meal ; S. Lancash. — Ane ark, ane almry, and laidills two. — Bunnati)ne Poems, 159. st. 4. Behind the ark that hads your meal Ye'll find twa standing corkit well. Rumsay\': Poems, ii. 527. The word is also used in old deeds, for that kind of box used in lakes, ponds, &c. for catching eels. This is called an eel-ark. A. S. arce, erce, a coffer, a chest; Alem. area; Su.G. ark; Lat. area. In John, xii. 6. where we read, " He had the bag," the word arka is used by Ulphilas, as denoting a chest or casket for con- taining money. Gael, arc, id. Ark of a mill, s. The place in which the centre wheel runs, S. ARK-BEEN, s. The bone called the os pubis. S. B. To ARLE, V. a. 1. To give an earnest of any kind, S. 2. To give a piece of money for confirming a bar- gain, S. 3. To put a piece of money into the hand of a sel- ler, at entering upon a bargain, as a security that he shall not sell to another, while he retains this money, S. '• The schireffe suld escheit all gudcs, quhilkis ar forestalled, coft, or arled be forestallers, and in-bring the twa part thereof to the Kingis Tse, and the tlirid part to himselfe." Skene. Verb. Sign. R. 1. a. As arled is distinguished from coft, the meaning would seem to be, that the goods may be escheated, although not actually purchased by a forestaller, if the Tender be in terms with him, or so ensraged that he must give him the refusal of the commodily. L. B. arrharc, arrhis sponsam dare ; Du Cange. Subarrare was used in the same sense. Si quis de- ponsaverit uxorem, vcl snbarraverit Julian. Pon- tif. Deer. Salmas. Not. in Jul. Capitol. 254. Fr. arrher, arrer, to give an earnest. Diet. Trev. Arre, " bespoken, or for which earnest has been given," Cotgr. v. the s. ARLES, Erlis, Arlis, Ari.is-pennie, Airle- PENNY, J. 1. An earnest, of whatever kind ; a pledge of full possession. This was bot erlifs for to tell Of infortwne, that eftyr fell. JVj/ntozcn, viii. 27. 21. Of his g:idncs the eternal Lord alsone Restoris the merife with grate in erlis of glorc. Doi/g. Virgil, 357. 20. " The heart gets a taist of the swetnes that is in Christ, of the joy whilk is in the life euerlasting, quhilk (aist is the only arlis.penni/ of that full and periitejoy, quhilk saull and bodie in that life shall enioy. And the urlis-pennic (as yee knaw) mann be a part of the sowme, and of the nature of the rest of the sowme." Bnice's Serni. on the Sacrament,. 1590. Sign. S. 2. a. b. Here tak' this gowd, and neyer want Enough to gar you drink and rant ; And this is but an arle-pcnnij To what I afterward design ye. Ramsaj/'s Poems, ii. 561. The word arles is still used, in this general sense, in vulgar conversation. S. 2. A piece of money given for confirming a bar- gain, S. This is evidently a more restricted use of the term ; although that in which it ge- nerally occurs, in its simple state, in our old writings. " And that thay diligentlie inquyre, gif ony maner of persoun gefis arlis or money on ony maner of fische, that cummis to the mercat, to the efiect, that the samin may be sauld upone ane hieaf price. Acts Ja. IV. 1540. c. 78. edit. 156e. A R L A R L " The Iiuying and sflJinf; is cffeCtuaUie and per- fitclif coiiiiilL'it, aflir that the contractors are agreid anent (he )>rice ; — (juhcn tlie arlis (or God's pcnuic) is given be the bM\ er, to tlie seller, and is accepted be him." Reg. lilaj. b. iii. c. 10. s. 2. 4. " Qulien arks are given and taken : gif the buyer ■will passe fra the contract, he may doe the samine with tinsell of his urlcs." Ibid. s. 6. Botii aril's and urlcs.pcnny arc used in this sense, A. I5or. The lattir is defined by Phillips, " a word used in sonn; ])arls of England, for earnest-inoney given to servants." 3. A piece of money, put into the hands of a sel- ler, when one begins to clieapen any commodi- ty ; as a pledge that the seller shall not strike a bargain with another, while he retains the arlcs in his hand, S. The word is used in this sense, most commonly in fairs or public markets, especially in bti} ing and sel- ling horses or cattle. Where a multitude are assem- bled, this plan is adopted for preventing the interfe- rence of others, who might incline to purchase, while the bu3er and seller were on terms. The general rule, indeed, is, that no other interferes, while he knows that the vender retains the arles: but waits till he see whether the bargain be concluded or brok- en oil". V. the V. This word is evidently derived from Lat. arrhalw., which the Romans abbreviated into arrlia. It de- noted an earnest or pledge in general. It was very often used to signify the earnest, which a man gave to the woman whom he espoused, for the confirma- tion of the contract betw(en them. This, as we learn from I'liny, was a ring of iron. For the an- cient Romans were long prohibited to wear rings of any other metal. Hist. L. 33. c. 2. In the middle ages, the term seems to have been princi- pally used in this sense. V. Du Cange, v. Arra. The term was employed with resjiect to contracts of any kind. ^Mien a bargain was made, an earnest, (ar.rha, or urrhubo) was given. But this, it has been said, was not to confirm, but to j)rove the obli- gation. V. Adams' Rom. Antiq. p. 236. The custom of giving arlcs, for confirming a bar- gain, has ])revailed pretty generally among the Go- thic nations. It is still preserved in Sweden. That money is called frids srh/lUiig, which, after the purchase of houses, is given to the Magistrates, as an earnest of secure possession ; Christophor. ap. Hire, vo. Frid. The term //vV/ seems here to signify privilege, security. Loccenius says, that whatever one has bought, if the bargain be confirmed by an earnest ('o/jrtj, it cannot bedissolved; Suec. Leg. Civ. p. 60. Other Swedish writers give a different account of this matter. It is said, in one of their laws, " If the vender has changed his mind, let him restore the double of that which he has received, and repay the earnest ;" .his Bircens. c G. In our own country, a. servant who has been hired, and has received arlcs, is supposed to have a right to break the engagement, if the earnest be returned within twenty-four hours. This, howeverj may have no other sanction than that of custom. Aulus Gcllius has been understood as if he had viewed arrhabo " as a Sainnite word." liut his language cannot by any means bear this construc- tion. Cum tautus, inquit, arrubo penes Samnites Pojjuli Rhomaui esset: Arrabonem dixit dc obsides, et id nialuit (\a^m pignus dicerc, quoniam vis hujus vocabuli in ca sententia gravior acriorque est. Sed nunc arrubo in sordidis verbis haberi coeptus, ac niulto rectius videtur arra; quanquam arram quo- que veteres sa^po dixerunt. Noct. Attic. Lib. 17. c. 2. Ed. Colon. 1533. In this chapter he gives some quotations, which he had noted down in the course of reading, from the first book of the Annals of Q. Claudius ; for the pur])ose of marking the sin- gular words employed by that historian, or the pecu- liar senses in which he had used those that were com- mon. Among these he mentions a)T/»/io. "When the Samnites, he says, were in possession of so great an urrabo of," or " from the Romans." — These are the words of Claudius, and all that Gellius quotes from him. Then follows his own remark on this use of the term. " He has called the six hundred hostages an arrabo, choosing rather to do so, than to use the word pigiitis ; because the force of this term (arrabo) in that connexion, is much greater. But now men begin to view it as rather a low word, &c. ItisevidentthatneitherClaudius, nor Gellius, gives the most distant hint as to arrhabo being of Sauinite origin. Both refer to that disgraceful agreement w hich the Romans, under the consulate of T. Vetu. rius and Sp. Posthuniius, after their army had been inclosed near the Caudine Forks, made with the Samnites, when the3' delivered up six hundred knights as hostages. Liv. Hist. Lib. 9. c. 5. They assert that the Samnites were in possession of an arrabo, not literally however, but more substantially, when they had so many honourable hostages. The Romans, it would appear, borrowed this term immediatelj- from the Greeks, who used «^5«S»» in the same sense. They also probably borrowed from the Greeks the custom of giving a ring as a spousal pledge. This custom prevailed among the latter Greeks at least. For Hesychius gives the de- signation of et^fiX^imtaKXy to xccSo^^x, tttopf^Xf and ;rs^*^E- fixra, w hich weie dilierent kinds of rings, comnioni)'- given as pledges. V. Casaubon. Not. in Capitolin. 187. So close is the connexion between the Gr. term and Heb. 3)n3f, arbon, that we can scarcely view it as the cflect of mere accident. This is the word used to denote the pledge given by .ludah to Tamar, in token of his determination to fulfil his en- gagement to her; Gen. xxxviii. 17, 18, 20. It may also be observed, that the first thing she asked in pledge was his signet. The word is from ^^l•, arab, negotiatus est, spopondit, fidejussit, fidem in- tcrposuit. ^-ic/e*' is a diminutive from Lat. arra, formGd,_as in many other cases, by adding the termination Ic, q. v. Fr. nrrcs, erres, id. acknowledges the same origin ; as well as Su.G. crnesf, Dan. cmi/z, C. B. em, ernes, Ir. airncigh, although rather more vari- ed. Shaw indeed mentions iarlus as a Gael, word, signifying, an earnestrpenny. But it seems very A R N A R S doubtful if it be not a borrowed term ; as tlif re ap- pears no vcstls^e of it in Ir., unless airleac-(iii», to lend or borrow, be reckoned such. In Sw. an earnest is also cM^^iXfaesfcpening, from faentii, to confirm, and yxvi ;»■,'-, (whence our /)e/i;;j/^; 'urn] (•tuhpeniiig, as m lU-g. Maj. God's pen )ij/. It receives tliis name, according to Loccenius, either be- cause the money ^iven was viewed as a kind of reli- gious pkilije of Ihe fiilrtlmont of the bargain, or ap. propriatcd for the use of the poor. Antiq. Su.G. p. 117. The last is the only reason given by Hire, and the most probable one. In the same sense he thinks that A. S. Godsj/ld, was used, an oft'ering to (rod, money devoted to pious uses ; Germ. Gottes geld, Fr. denier de Dieii. L. B. denarius Dei. V. Du Cange. In Su.G. this earnest -was also denominated lith- hup, Udkop, (arra, pignus cmtionis, Ihre;) Germ. Utkop, Icykaitf; from lid. sicera, strong drink ; Mocit'T. Icilhii, id. and kvp, cuitio ; q. tlie drink taken at making a bargain. This term, Ihre says, properly denotes the money allotted for compotation between the buyer and seller. Vic lind it used in a passage formerly quoted. When it is required, that he who changes his mind as to a bargain, should " re- pay the earnest," the phrase is, ginelde lithkopif ; Jus. Bircens. ubi. sup. In S. it is still very common, especially .imong the lower classes, for the buyer and seller to drink together on their bargain ; or, as they express it, to the luck of their bargain. Nay, such a tirm hold do improper customs take of the mind, that to this day many cannot even make a bargain \\ itliout drinking ; and would scarcely account the protier serious, or the bargain valid, that were made otherwise. ARLICH, Arlitch, ad/. Sore, fretted, painful, S. B. Perhaps from Su.G. arg, iratus, arga, laedere. It may be derived, indeed, from aerr, cicatrix, whence (7i?/7y;(/, vulneratus ; Dan. flr- rig, grievous, troublesome. V. Arr. ARLY, adv. Early. — He wmbethinkand him, at the last, In til) his hart gan wndercust, That the King had in custome ay For to ryss arljj ilk day. And pass weill far fra his mcn^c. Barbour, v. 55-1. MS. Isl. aarlii, mane, G. Andr. p. 14. But this is ra- ther from A. S. arlice, id. ARMYN, Armtng, .f. Armou-r, arms. Berwik wes tanc, and stufl'yt syn, With men, and wittaill of annijn. Barbour, xvii. 20 1. jNIS. Fourtene hundyrc hale armiptgis Of tlie gyft of his lord the Kyngis — lie browcht IVynloicn, ix. 6. 23. ARN, s. The alder; a tree. S., pron. in 3ome counties, q. arm. " Fearn is evidently derived from the am or alder tree, in Gaelic Fearnii.'" P. Fearn, Ross. Statist. Acct. iv. 288. " The only remedy which I have found oflecfual in this disorder is, an infusion of am or alder-bark in milk." Prize Essays, Ilighl. Soc. S. II. 2-lG. C. B. Uern, guernen, Arm. vem, guerti; Germ, erlcn.haum ; Yx. uulnc ; \a.t. alnuti. It seems the same tree which in the West of S. is also called eller and ««/■. ARN, V. subst. Are ; the third pers. plur. Thus to wode am thei wen;, the wlonkest in wedes ; Both the Kyng and the Quene : And all the doiichti by dene. Sir Gazvan and Sir Gal. i. 1. Women arn borne to thraldom and penance. Chaucer, Man of Lazees 2\ 4706. A. S. aron, sunt. ARNS, T. /)/. The beards of corn, S. B. synon. awns. Franc, arn, id. ARNUT, Lousy Arnot, /. Earth-nut (whence corr.) or pig-nut ; Bunium bulbocastanum, or flexuosum, Linn. ARR, s. A scar. Poci-arrs, the marks left by the small-pox, S., also, Lancash. Su.G. acrr, Isl. aer, or, A. Bor. arr, id. ARR.\N.AKE, s. The speckled diver, Mergus siellatus, Brunnich. P. Luss. Duubartons. Statist. Ace. xvii. 251. ARRED, adj. Scarred, having the marks of a wound or sore, S. Dan. arrcd, id. Hence pock-arred, marked by the small pox; Su.G. koppaerigy id. variolis notatam habens faciem, kopp being used, by transposition, iox pok ; Dan. iop-arred. To ARRACE. V. Aras.. ARRONDELL, u The swallow,, a bird. The Arrondell, so swift of flight, Down on the land riclit law did licht, So sore he was opprest. Bnrel's Pilg. Watson's Coll. ii. 62; Fr. arondellc, harondelle, hirondrlle ; from Lat. hirundo, id. ARSECOCKLE, s. A hot pimple on the face or any part of the body, S. B. The w ord seems to have been originally confined to pimples on the hips. These may have been thus de- nominated, because of their rising in the form- of a cockle or small shell; in the same manner as pim- ples on the face are by Chaucer cadled ;:7icrtc4 isliitc. Tent, aers-lilci/ne, tuberciilus in ano, Kiliau. ARSEENE, s. A quail. Upoun the sand that 1 saw, as the sanrarc tane, With grene awmons on hede. Sir Gawane the Drake; The Arseene that our man ay prichand in plane, Corrector of Kirkine was clepit the Clake. Ho}ilate, i. 1 7. But the passage has been very inaccurately tran- scribed. It is thus in Bann. JMS. Upon the sand_y/< I saw, as thcsaurarc tane. With grene awmons on hede, Sir Gawane the Drake ; The Arscene that ourman ay prichand, &c. j^Kinons might be read an-mouss. Ourman is one word, i. e.- over-man or arbiter, which corres- ponds to the office assigned to the Claik in the foU lowing line. A. S. acrscken, coturnixj Aelfric. Gloss, also ersr.. ART kenn, Psa. 104. 38. from ersc and hcnii, q. gallina. lirarii. ARSELTNS, aiiv. Backwards, Clydes. S. B. ThL-n Liudy to s'and up began to try ; But — he fell arycliiis back u))on his bum. Ross's HeU-nore^ p. 43. V. Dird. Bids;. Ofr.tcfcn, to go backwards ; aerseling, rc- ccdins; ; aerselincKs, (Kilian) backwards. ARSOUN,j. Buttocks. With that the Kiug come hastily, And, in till hys malancoly, Willi a trounsoun in till Lis m-w To Schyr Colyne sic duscho he gewe, That he dynnyt on his ursouii. lUtrbour, xvi. 131. I\rS. ART, Ard. This termination of many words, denoting a particular habit or affection, is ana- logous to Isl. and Germ, art^ Belg. aart, na- ture, disposition; as E. drunkard, bastard ; Fr. babillard, a stutterer ; S. bombard, bumbart, a- drone, stunkart, of a stubborn disposition ; bast- ard, hasty, passionate. ART and PART. Accessory to, S. The phrase is thus defined by the judicious Er. skine. " One may l)c guilty of a crime, not only by perpetrating it, but by being accessory to, or abetting it ; ^vllich is called iu the Roman law, ope tt conHlio, and in ours, art and jxirf. By art is un. dorstood, the mandate, instigation, or advire, that may have been given towards committing the crime ; yart ex])resses the share that one takes to himself in it, by the aid or assistance which ho gives the cri- minal in the commission of it." Institute, B. iv. T. 4. s. 10. Wyntown seems to be the oldest writer who uses 4his phrase. Schyr Willame Besat gert for-thi ' Hys Chapelane in hys chapell Denwns cursyd wyth buk and bell All thai, that had part Of that brynnyn, or ony art. The Byschape of Abbyrdcnc alsua He gert cursyd denwns all tha That [othir] be art or part, or swike, Gert brj n that tyme this Erie Patryke. Cron. vii. 9. 635, &c. Swike, as denoting fraud, or perhaps merely con- trivance, seems to be added as expletive of art. " Quhen he (Godowj ue) hard the nobillis lament the deith of Alarudc the Kingis brothir, he cit ane pecc of brcde, \; said, God gif that breid wcry me, gif cvir I wes othir art or part of Alarudis slauch. ter : and incontinent he fell down weryit on the breid. Bellend. Cron. B. xii. c. 8. Ifa rae supcri pane hoc strangulent, inquit, ut me authore Alaru- dus vcneno necatus est ; Boeth. " Bot gif the other man alledges that he is arte and parte of that thift, and v ill proue that, conformc to the law of the land ; he quha is challenged, sail de- fend himselfe be battell, gif he be ane frie man." Reg. Maj. B. iv. c. 14. s. 4. — Dicat quod iste artcin «t partem habuit ; J^at. copy. Concerning Ja. IV. it is said ; " He was moved to pass to the Dean of the said Chapel Royal, and A 11 T to hare his counsel, how he might be satisfied, in hi« own conscience, of the art and ptirt of the cruel act which was done to his father." Pitscottie, p. 95. Partaker is sometimes substituted for ;)«)7. " Gif his maister or sustenar of this thief or 'reuar refusis to do the samin, [i.e. to deliver him up] : he salbe haldin airt & partakar of his euill deidis, and salbe accusit thairfoir, as the priucipall theif or reifar." Acts Ja. V. 1515. c. 2. Ed. 1566. The phrase is sometimes partly explained by a pleonasm immediately following. " The committer of the slauchter, bloud or inva- sion, in maner foresaid ; or being airt, part, red or counsell thereof, — sail be condemned." Ja. VI. 'Pari. 14. c. 219. A. 1594. Murray. In the FiOndon edit, of Buchanan's Detection, the phrase, ylct and Part occurs twice in the indictments. [This is one proof among many, that this translation was made by an Englishman.] Arte is substituted in the Scottish edit, of the following year. This phrase,- as Erskine say«, expresses what is called in the Roman iaw. ope ct consilio. It must be observed, however, that the language is inverted. Whence the expression originated, cannot be well conjectured. It cannot reasonably be supposed that the word art has any relation to the v. Airt, to direct. F'or besides that this verb does not appear to be ancient, it would in this case be admitted, tJiat those who used the Lat. phrase formerly quoted, uriiin et partem, misunderstood the proper sense of S. art. The phraseology does not seem to have been used, even in the middle ages. The only si- milar cxjiression I have met with is Sw. raad uch daad. Ticiia 7iagon med raad och daad, to assist one with advice and interest ; \\^idegr. Lex. i. e. red and deed. ARTAILYE, s. Artillery ; applied to offensive weapons of whatever kind, before the intro- duction of fire-arms. The Sotheron men maid gret defens that tid, With artaili/e, that felloune was to bid, W ith awblaster, gaynye, and stanys fast, And hand gunnys rycht brymly out thai cast. ce, V. AuTILLIED. ARTATION, s. Excitement, instigation. " Attour his (Macbeth's) wyfe impacient of lang tarj' (as all wemen ar) specially quhare fhay ar de- sirus of ony purpos, gaif hym gret urtation to per- sew the thrid weird, that scho micht be ane quene, calland him oftymes febyl, cowart, & nocht de- sirus of honouris, sen he durst notassailye the thyng with manheid & curage quhilk is offerit to hym be beniuolence of fortoun." Bellend. Cron. B. xii. c. 3. Instigabat — incitat ; Boeth. L. B. artatio, from arfo used for arcto, are, to constrain. ARTILLIED, part. pa. Provided with ar- tillery. " He was so well arlillied and manned, that they durst not mell with him." Pitscottie, p. 124. Fr. artill-er, to furnish with ordinance. ARTHURYS HUFE. The name given by Douglas to the constellation Arcturus. Wallace, vii. 994. MS. A S A S K Of eiiery stcrne the twynkling notis lie, That in the stil hoiiin 1110110 coiirs wl- sc, Arthuvfi^ hut'ci and Jli/adc\ bclaiknyiig ranc, Sync fVatUng ^Irefc, the llonic and the Charle icune. I'h;://, 85. 4'i. In giving it this name, (he translator evidently al- ludes to tliat famous hiiildiiia; which in later times has been called ylrtli!ir''s Ouii. It appears from Juvenal, that, among the Romans in his time, Arctiirus was imposed as a proper name, from that of the constcl. lation. This, then, being the origin of the name Arthur, as used among the Latins, Douglas, when he meets with this star, makes a transition to that celebrated British prince who, at least in writings of romance, bore the same name ; at once a compliment to Ar. thiir, and to his own country. Bv a poetical li- berty, which he claims a right to use even as a trans- lator, he gives the British prince a place in the heavens, along with Julius and other heroes of an- tiquity. He gives him also a hoi f or sacelliim there; in allusion, as would seem, to tliat hue remnant of antiquity, which about this time began to be ascrib- ed to Arthur. V. JloiF. ARTOW, Art thou ; used interrogatively. Ilastow no mynde of lufe, quharc is thy make ! Or artotB sake, orsrayt with jelousye ? Ki/ig'i Qtiair, ii. 39. To him I spak ful hardily. And said. What frtun:, bel-;niy ? i'lcaiiie and Ga;cin, v. 278. E. M. Ixom. Still used in some jiarts of S. Isl. crtii, id. The verb and pron. arc often con- joined in S. ill coUoijuial language, as in Germ, and Isl. AS, conj. Than, S. " Better be sansie [sonsie], as soon up ;" S. Prov. '' That is, better good fortune,than great in- dustry ;" Kelly, p. 55. " As in Scotch," he subjoins, " in comparison an- swers to than in I'nglish." N. I have only observed another proof of this ano- malous use of the particle : " Better be dead as out of the fashion ;" Ferguson's S. Prov. p. 9. Noj- is far more frequently used in this sense. AS, Ass, AssE, Alse, j-. Ashes ; pi. ^ssis. Remember that thou art bot «j-, And sail in a.< return agane. Dunbar, Uannatijne Poems, p. 87. Eftir all was fallin in powder and in \v. asiegrqf, q. the gl•a^■e for the ashes. ASCHET, s. A large Hat plate on which meat is brought to the table, S. Fr. assiette, " a trencher-plate," Cotg. ASYNIS, J.//. Asses. '•' Thair hors ar litill mair than usi/nis." Bellend. Descr. Alb. c. 15. Fr. asne, Lat. asin-tix, id. ASK, AvvsK, J-. Eft, newt ; a kind of lizard, S. asJker, Lancash. Be-west Bertane is lyand All the landys of Irlande : That is ane lande of nobyl ayre, Of fj rth, and felde, and Howrys fayrc : Thare nak)'n best of wenym may Ly we, or lest atoure a day ; As u\k, or eddy re, tade, or padc, Suppos that thai be tllidd^ r hade. IVijiitoTsn, i. 13. 55. — Scho wandorit, and yeid by to an clrichc well. Scho met (har, as I wene, Ane ask rydand on a snaill. And cryit, '• Onrtane fallow haill !"' Pi'nk. S. P. Rcjir. iii. 141. also Bann. MS. Arcsk is used improperly as a translation of Lat. «?;»/<■, in a curious passage in Fordun's Scotichron. The unlatit woman the licht man will lait, Gangis coitand in the curt, hornit like a gait: — With pryk youkand eeris as the a:s<«- nlshed, and liiiding borroici\ (or sureties) till a.ssyth the King," &c. The Su.G. phrase in S. would li- terally be, " Syth in maill and bote ;" i. e. satisf} by paying a certain sum as reparation. V. Svth and Bote. Hire, under Saetta, mentions (lasilh aiwl asaithiiient^ as cognates; although by mistake he calls them E. words. Aseelh and asseth are indeed used by O. E. writers in the sense of satisfaction. V. the .V. Ihre refers to A. S. sett-un, as having the sense of componere. But Somner explains this Lat. term only by these K. words " to make, to com. pose, to devise, to write." Germ, sett-en, indeed, signifies, inimicitiasdeponere; sich init iemandsetzen, reconciliari cum ali((uo. This is given by Wachter as only a figurative sense of \etzeii, ponerc. Al- though Ihre hesitates as to the origin of the Su.G. word, this analogy renders it highly probable, that saetta, couciliare, is in like manner merely the a. yactta, ponere, used figuratively, like Lat. com. ponere. Ir. and Gael, sioth-am also signifies, to make atonement. ASSYTH, AsSYTHMENT, SytH, SITIIEMENT, s. Compensation, satisfaction, atonement for an offence. Assythment is still used in our courts of law. And quhen that lettyr the Kyng had sene, Wyth-owtvn dowt he wes rycht tenc, And thowcht full ussyth to ta, And vengeance of the Brwis allsua. If'yiitoicn, viii. 18. 105. " Gif ane man rydand, slayes ane man behinde him, with the hender feit of his horse; na axsythment sail be given for his slauchter, bot the fourt feit of the horse, quha with his hieles did straik the man, or the fourt i)art of the price of the horse." Reg. -Mag. B. iv. c. 24. s. 2. " The freir Carmelite (quhilk wes brocht as we haue writtin) be King Edward to put his victory in Tcrsis wes tane in this feild, & commandit be King Robert in silhvment of his ransonn to write as he saw." Bellentl. Cron. B. xiv. c. 11. Ye [Miialites, with searlat hat and gowne, Your bludie boist na syth can saiisfie. Spec. Gudly Bullada, p. 1. This seems to refer to the anathema pronounced by the Pope, his legate, or any of the cardinals ; or to a papal interdict. Thus aseeth is used by Wiclif. *' -\nd Pilat willyngc to make aseeth to the puple lefte to hem Barabas and bitooke to hem Jhesus b^tun with scorgis to be crucified;" JMark sv. Asseth in ano- ther -MS. Su.G. sactt, reconciliation, or the fine paid in or. dcr to procure it. V. the v. and Sauciit. To ASSOILYIE, v. a. i. To acquit, to free from a charge or prosecution ; a forensic term much used in our courts of law. " The malefactour assoilijied at the instance of the partie, may be accused by the King." Reg. Maj. B. iv. c. 28. Tit. The apothecary Patrick Hepburn his son being ]iHrsued as successor titido liicrativo, for a debt of his father's upon that ground ; and though the Right of Lands granted to him by his father was before the debt, yet it was revocable, and under reversion to the father upon a Rose noble, vvheivhc contracted the debt lybelled. The Lords atsoilyiedUom the passive title foresaid ; but reserved reduction. Dirletoii's Decisions-. No 184. F2 ASS 2. To absolve from an ecclesiastical censure ; as from excommunication. " Sic tliiny;is (lone, Kyng Johne and his rcalmo WPS ay^oijlyeit fra all ccnsiiris led aganis tliayin." Bcllond. Vron. B. xiii. c. 10. Joannes excomnuini- catione .loliitti.i est, ct Angliae regniini ab interdicto levatiiin; Boeth. The Archcbyschapc of Yhork that yherc, Be aiitoryle and powcre Of (ho Pape, msojjlijd then Ahsawndyr our kyn;;, and his lawd men. Dot the Byschapys and the clergy Yhit he leit in cursyng ly, All bot of Saynct Andrcwys Se The Byschapc Willame JV^ii/orcii, vii. 9. 159. ytsoil, asoilcii, asoiil, in O. E. denote the absolu- tion given by a priest. He asouled al thys folc, tho he had all thys y told. R. Glour. p. 173. In a later MS. it is asoikdc. To be cursed in consistory, she counteth not a beane, For she copeth the comissary, and coteth his clarkes, She is assoijk'd as sonc as her selfe lyketh. P. Ploughman, Fol. 13. b. 1. c. she gives a cope as a bribe to the commissary, and furnishes ioats to the clerks of the Bishop's court, that she may be absolved from the sentence of e\comnuinica(ion. V. Cowel. 3. To pronounce absolution from sin, in conse- quence of confession. " Quhairfor, O christin man & woman, accor- ding to the doctrine, ordinal ioun and command of God and haly kirk, cum to confossioun, seik for ane lauchful minister, quhilk may pronunce the wordis of absolutioun to the and assolije the fra thi synnis, and ken that he occupies the place of God, thairfor bow doune thi self to mak thi confessioun to him." Abp. Hamiltoun's Catechisme, Fol. 135. a. This term occurs in a (massage which deserves to be transcribed, not only as giving a just picture of the re- laxed morality of (he Church of Rome, but as aflord- ing a proof of (he freedom and severity with which she was lampooned by early poelical writers in Eng- la'id, as well as in other countries. Money is per- so;iiiied under (he name of Mcde or Reward, 'i'han came (her a confessor, copid as a Frier, To ]Mede (he mayd, he mellud thes wordes, And sa)d full so'fdy, in shrift as it were; Though lewd men iv lerned men had lien by the bolhe And falsenes had yfouled the, all (his fifty wynter, i shal assot/tc (he myselfe, for a seme of whete; And also be (h\ bediiian, and beare wel thy message Amongest kniglKes \- clerks, conscience to turne. Then Mede for hiT misdedes to (hat man kneled, And shroue her of her shroudnes, shameles I (row Told him a (ale, and (oke him a noble For to be her bedman, and her broker also. Than he nsnoijlcd her sone. and siihen he sayde ; We haue a window in working, wil set vs ful high ; Woldevt (hou glasc (he gable, & graue therin (hi name, Seker shoulde Ihy soule be, heauen (o haue. P. PloiightmuVs Vision, Fol. 12. a. b. ASS Here (he word denotes absolution from guilt, where no censure was in force, but as connected willi auri. cular confession. The phrase, toke him a noble, means gave or reached to him a piece of money of this de- signalion. A.S. 6c/rtcc-a«, traderc, eommitiere. Our old H ri(ers use bcteuch, betaiighf, in a similar sense, 4. To absolve from guilt one departed, by saying masses for the soui ; according to the faith of the Romish church. Thai haill'had hyni to Dunfernlync, And him solemply erdyt syne In a fayr tuinb, in till the quer. Byschappys and Prelatis, that thar wer, jis.'o/li/ci/ him, quhen the scrwice Was done as thai couth best dewiss. Barbour, xx. 289. MS. This is sometimes represented as the act of God, in consequence of the ])rayers of men. "■ The haill thre Estatis of the Realme sittand in plane Parliament, — hes reuokit all alienatiouuis, als. Weill of landis and of jiossessiounis, as of' mouable gudis, iha( war in his Fathers possessioun, quhame God (t^solijic, the tymc of his deceis, geuin and maid without the auise and consent of the thre Estatis." Acts Ja. 11. 1437. c. 2. edit. 1566. 5. Used improperly, in relation to the response of an oracle ; apparently in the sense of resolving what is doubtful. Bot than (he King, thochtfull and all pensiuc Of sic monsteris, gan to seik beliue Ilis fader Faunus oratoure and ansuarc Quliilk couth the fatis for to cum declare; And gan requiring responsiouns alsua In the schaw vnder hie Albunea. — Thidder hail (he pepill of Italia, And all the laud eik of Enotria, Thare doutsum asking tursis for ansuere And thare peticiouns gettis asfoilj/et here. Doug. Virgil, 207. 43. The word is evidently corr. from Lat. absolv-ere, which was not only used as a forensic term, but in the dark ages bore (ha( very sense in which it occurs in the passage quoted from Barbour. Absolverc De. funclos, est dicere collectam morluorum ; Absolve, Domine, animos fidolium defunctorum. Sacerdotes audito parochianorum suorum obitu, s(a(im absolcunt cos cum Psalmis ])ro defunctis, et Collecta ; Odo Episc. Paris, in Praecept. Synodal. § 7 ; Du Cange. O. Fr. abxould-re is thus defined : E reis violatae religionis et pietatis pro nihilo habitae cximere ; ub. souls, absolulus ; Le Frcre. But it seems to have been immediately derived from the Lat. liturgy. Of this (he following passage affords a jiroof, as well as a fnr(her illus(ra(ion of sense 3. " This powar and auctoritie [to forgcue synnis] the preist, as the minister of Christ vsis <.V exicutis quhen he pronuncis (he wordis of absolutioun, say- and (hus : Ego absoluo te a pcciutis tiiis, la nomine patris, etjilii, et spiritiis iuncli. Amvn. I assoihjc the fra thi s) nitis, In the name of the father, (he Sonne, and the haly spreit. Amen." Abp. Hamil- toun's {'atechisme, Fol. 131. b. To ASSONYIE, EssoNYiE, v. a. To offer an excuse for absence from a court of law. A S S "Gifaneman is cs'soni/iedat thcfourtday, be reason of seikiies or bed evill, or being beyond Forth : he sail have respit, or ane coutiiiuatioii of foiirtie dayes." Stat. K. Will. c. 26. s. 1. 2. Actually to excuse ; the exsuse offered being sustained. " He cannot be essoiujied, bot be tlicse lawfiill essonyies." Quon. Attach, c. 37. s. 5. " For quhalsoevcr will etsoni/ie any partic, a- gainst the soy te of any man, — it bchoues the essonyicr to name bis awin name Baron Courts, c. 40. s. 2. As used by Barbour, it is nearly equivalent to ac- quitted. I wald blythly that thow war thair, Bot at I nocht reprowyt war. On this manor weile wyrk thou niaj- ; Thow sail tak Ferrand my palfray. And for thair is na horss in this land Swa sv.ycht, na ycit sa vvcil! at hand, Tak him as off thine awyne hewid. As I had gevvn thairto na reid. And gyti"h3S yhcmar oudit gruclijs, Luk that thow tak hym magru his. Swa sail I Weill assoiij/cit be. ' Barbour, ii. 125. MS. 3. To decline the combat, to shrink from an ad- versary. Wallace preyst in tharfor to set rameid. "With a gud spcr the Bruce was serwyt but baid : With gret inwy to Wallace fast he raid : And he till him assoni/eit nociit for thi. The Bruce him myssyt as Wallace passyt by. JVallace, x. 365. MS. i. c. although Bruce was so well armed, Wallace did not practically excuse himself from fighting. R. Glouc. uses asoj/ned for excused. Esao/iie, a legal excuse, Chaucer, Persone's T. v. 150. ; cssoni/e, Gower. He myght make non essoni/e. Coiif. Am. Fol. 17. b. Fr. atsoyn.er, exon.ier, '• to excuse one from ap- pearing in court, or from going to the wars, by oath that he is impotent, insufficient, sick or otherwise necessarily employed ;" Cotgr. It can scarcely be doubted that this word has had a Gothic origin. As Su.G. unn-a, focr-son-a, and Germ, sun-en, signify to reconcile, to explain ; the latter also denotes judgment in whatever way. MoesG. sun-jan is still nearer in sense. For it means, to justify. Gasunjoda tiarth handugei, wis- dom is justified; Luk. 7. 33. Junius, in his Goth. Gloss., refers to sunjeins, good, as probably the root. The idea is not unnatural. For what is jus- tjfication, but a declaration that one is good or righteous in a legal sense : or what is it to reconcile, to appease ; but, bonum vol projiitium reddcre ? The derivation may however be inverted. . The adj. may be from the verb. V. Essonyie, s. ASSURANCE, s. " To take assurance of an enemy ; to submit, or do homage, under the condition of protection." Gl. Compl. " Sum of you remanis in youre auen housis on the Inglis mennis assurance. — As sune as the Inglis men dreymis that ye haue failyct to them, than thai repute A T you for there mortal enemeis far mair nor thai repute ony Scottis man that vas neuyr assuri/." Compl. S. p. 114. Fr. asseurement was used nearly in the same' sense. Donner asscurement. (idem dare. C'est un vieux mot qui se disoit autrefois pour assuruuce, kc. V . Diet. TrcT. These writers derive it from assecurare, from «rfand scairus, q. rendre sur. V. L. B. Jsse- curare, and Assccuramcutum, I)u Cange- ASTALIT, part. pa. Decked, or set out. His hors he tyit to anc trc treuly that lyde ; Sync hynt to ane hie hall That wes ustalit with pall : Weill wroght wes the wall. And payntit with pride. Gaican undGol. i. 3. Fr. estail-er. to display, to shew. To ASTART, Astert, v. n. l. To start, to fly hastily. For quhilk sodayne abate anon astert The blude of all my body to my hert. King's Quair, ii. 21. 2. To start aside from, to avoid. G ill' ye a goddesse be, and that ye like To do uic payne, 1 may it not astert. Ibid. ii. 25. Here it is used in an active sense. Germ, slarz-en, to start up, O. Teut. steert-en, to fly. ASTEER, adv. In confusion, in a bustling state, q. on stir, S. IMy minny she's a scalding wife, Hads a' the house wieer. Ritson's S. Songs, i. 45. ASTRE, s. A star, Fr. The glistering astrcs bright, Quhilk all the night were cleare, Offuskrd with a greater light, Na langer dois appeare. Hume, Chron. S. P. iii. 386. AT, conj. That. And quhen Ferandis modyr herd How hyr sonc in the bataill ferd, And at he swa wes discomfyt ; Scho rasyt the ill spyryt als tyt : And askyt quhy he gabyt had Off the ansuer that he hyr mad ? Barbour, iv. 288. MS. It is frequently used by Barbour in the same sense. And for the woice in euiry place suld bide, At he was ded, out throuch the land so wide, In presence ay scho wepyt wndyr slycht ; Bot gudely meytis scho graithit him at hir mycht. And so befel in to that sainmyn tid, Quhill forthirmar at Wallas worthit wycht. mdlare, ii. 282. 286. MS. Thai dowtyd at hys scnyhourry Suld thame abawndov.n halyly. IVjjntorcn, ii. 0. 36. It is sometimes used by the Bithop of Dunkeld. V. luxE. It also occurs in our old acts of Parlia- ment. V. AxENT, prep. Litstau, &c. It has been observed in a note prefixed to the Gl. to Wallace, Perth edit., that at is to be consi- A T C A T II dered as a {•oiihacriou for Ihaf, '' which the wrilir of file ^LS. hail niiuk' use of (nv his own convenicn- cy." Bui (Ins is a inistuke. Kor it is (lie samo with Dan. III. Jcg troer at liu/i I'il kom ; I believi- that lie Mill Cdinc. In Ibl. utl is souiotimcs used ; and also at. Their xpurdu at ; audiverunt quod ; they wore informed that; Kristnis. p. 52. Sw. at, id. Ilo (test du, at tci maage gifica dem iicar; Who art thou, that we may S'TC an answer : J oh. i. 22. Su.G. «//, a conj. corresponding to Lat. iif. lag uill att tu gur ihet ; 1 incline tha( } ou do this ; Ihrc. Nor was it quite unknown to old E. writers. Of Nebuchadnezzar, Gowcr says; Lyke an oxe his mete Of K'asse he shall piirchace and cie, 'I'yll al the water of (he heuen Ilatli wasshen hym by tymes seuen. Conf. Am. Fol. 23. b. AT, pron. That, which. Lordingis, now may ye se, That yone folk all, throw sutelte, Schapis (haini to do with slycht. That at thai drede to do w ith mycht. Harbour , ii. 325. MS. I drede that his grot wassalagc, And his trawaill, nia\ bring till end That at men ijuhile full litill wend. Barbour, vi. 24. MS. Claudyus send Wcspasyane Wytht that Kyng to fccht or trcte, Swa that for luwe, or than for threte. Of fors he suld |iay at he awcht. ffj/ntozcii, v. 3. 89. Thair man that day had in the merket bene ; On Wallace knew this cairfull cass so kene. His mastyr speryt, quhat tithingis at he saw. Wallace, ii. 298. MS. This is undoubtedly the meaning of at that, R. Brunne, p. 74. although expl. by Hearne, us waiijj as, adco nt forsitan reponendum sit, al that. William alle apcrt his oste redy he dyght. At that thei mot fynd, to suerd alle tliei yede. This mode of exjjressing the pron. seems to have been borrow ed from the similar use of the coiij. AT ALL, adv. " Altogether," Rudd. perhaps, at best, at any rate. — Thi scharpe fygurafe sang Virgilianc, So wisely wrochl villioutyne word in vane. My wauering wit, my cunning febill at all, My mynd misty, ther may not mys ane fall. Doug. Virgil, 3. 34. ATANIS, Attanis, Atanys, Atonis, adv. At once ; S. at ai/ize. Tharlo also he ekit and gaif vs then fJeniil hors, and pillods, and lodismen : Hes suppleit vs with rowaris and marineris, And armour plenle ataiiis for al our feris. Doug. I'irgil, 84. 4. Schir Wawine, w ourlhy in wail. Half ane s()an at ane spail, Quiiare his harnes v.es hail, He liewit attanis. Gaicau and Got. iii. 16. ATCHESON, Atchison, s. A billon coin, or rather copper washed with silver, struck in the reignof James VL, of the value of eiglit pennies Scots, or two thirds of an English penny. " 1 should think (hat these alchisons a|)proached the nearest to the black coin of James JIL which we have mentioned before; for the first whitish colour, which discovers itself in (hese atcliiyons, seems to in- dicate, that they are mixed u i(h a little silver, or laid over with that metal." Uudd. Introd. to Anderson's Diplom. J). I 37. " 'J'hey w ill ken by an Atchison, if the priest will take an ollering;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 72. " An Atchison is a Scotch coyne worth fower Bodies ;" Gl. Yorks. Bp. Nicolson writes Atcheson, and erroneously snpjioses this coin to be the same as that kind of black money coined by James III. Scot. Hist. Lib. p. 314. But it would appear that Rudd., when ad- verting to the mistake of Nicolson, falls into another still greater. For he says, " It is incredible, that a coin, which was in value the fourth part of a pen- ny, in the time of James IJL should thereafter rise to eight entire pennies, that is, thirty-two times the value ;" Ibid. But the accurate Rudd. has not ob- served, that the penny mentioned in Acts Ja. IIL c. 9., to which four of these copper coins arc reckoned equal, is a silver penny, although perhaps of inferior quality. For then the mode of reckoning by pennies Scots, as referring to cop|)er coin, had not been in- troduced. The Atcheson, however, was only equal to eight of these cojjper pennies. This coin received its denomination from one- At- kinson, an ICnglishman, or, as his name was pron. ia S., Atcheson. He was assay-master of the Mint at Edinburgh, in the beginning of the reignof James VI. Mr Pinkerton calls the coin Atkinson, Essay on Medals, ii. p. 1 1 1. But it was always pron. as above. Tiiis coin bore the royal arms crowned, Jacobus D. G. R. Sco. R. Oppid. Edinb. ; A leaved thistle crowned. V. Cardonnel, Billon Coins: Plate i. Fig. 21. ATHARIST, Houlate iii. 10. V. Citharist. ATHE, AiTH, J-. Oath ; plur. athis. — All (he Lordis that thar war To thir twa wardanys athis swar, Till obey thaim in Jawte, Girt thaim hapnyt wardanys to be. Barbour, xx. 146. MS. He swore (he gret aith bodely. That he suld liald alle lelely. Thai he had said in-(o that quhile, But ony cast of fraud or gvle. Wijntozcn, ix. 20. 85. " We remember quhat aiithc we have maid to our comoun-welthe. — Knox's Hist. p. 1G4. MoesG. ailh, Precop. eth, A. S. alh, 1st. aed, Su.G. ed, Dnn. Belg. eed, Alem. Germ, eid, id. V. Ed\ Ihre. ATHER, conj. Either. " Ttiis kind of torment quliilk I call a blind tor- ment, athci it is intended in ane high degree, or (hen it is remitted that they may sutler it." Bruce's Eleven Serm. 1591. Sign. Z. 2. a. ATHIL, Athill, Hathill, adj. Noble, illus- trious. A T H The Paip past to his placo, in his pontificale, The athil Emi)roiii- aniion nycht him iieir. Kiims and Pa(rearkis. keml with Cardynnallis all, Addrcssit thanie to that dcss, and Diikis so diir. Jli/iila/e, iii. 4. It also occiiis in the form of ar/iil, uchilL Thairforc thai counsell the Tape to wryte on this w ys. To the achil Emprour, soueiane in sale. Ibid. i. 22. Thair was the Egill so grym, grettesl on ground is, Achill Emproure our all, most awfull in crd. Ibid. ii. 1. But in both places it is athill in Bannat) ne MS. It is also used as a substantive ; sometimes aspira- ted, huthill, hathel, plur. hathclcs ; elsewhere with, out the asi)irate, (ich/lU'y, plur. for athillcs. His name and his nobillay wes no;;)it for to nyte: Thair wes na hatliill sa lieich, be half ane fule hiclil. Gaziiiii (Did Go/, iii. 20. AVith baith his handis in haist thai haltane couth hew, Gart stanys hoj) of the huihill that haltane war hold. Ibid. 2.1. Thus that hathel in high withholdcs that hendo. Sir Gatcan and Sir Gal. ii. 28. " Hathel in high," very noble person. The birdes in the bowes, That on the goosf glowes. Thai skrykc in the skowes, 'I'liat hiitlieles may here. Ibid. i. 10. All thus thir luhilles in hall herlie rcmanit, With all welthis at wiss, and wirschip to waill. lloiilate, iii. 17. athilles, MS. The letter t has been mistaken for c, from the great similarity of their form in the Bann. and other JISS. It is, indeed, often impossible for the eye to discern any difference. Mr Pinkerton inquires if iicliill means high ? He has nearly hit on the signilicafion ; but has not ad- verted either to the origin, or to the (rue ortho- graphy, which niiaht have led him to the other. This '.vord, whether used as an adj. or s. is evi- dently the same with A. S. ai/licl, uobilis. Hence the designation, Aethelitig, a youth of the blood roy- al, as Edgar Athclinc. ; and (he phrase meniioned by Verstegan, aetltc/boren mun, a man nobly born, also, a gentleman by birth. Lord llailcs lias justly observed that " the Anglo-Saxons, as well as other nations, formerly used the word Afthcling, to denote men of the noble class, although it may bv degrees have been appropriated to the sods of the royal fa- mily." Annals, i. 7. That it was at length appro- priated in this manner, seems pretty clear. Geonga aethcling is equivalent to, regius juvenis, Bed. 2. 12 ; 3. 21. Sii.G. add also signifies nobilis, as well as praeci- puus, praestans. Hire derives it from acdcU cdcl, which, equall) with its ally a'ft, in the ancient dia- lects of the Go! hie, denoted kindred, as did also C. B. edjj/l. He founds this derivation on the follow- ing circumstance; — that those who were not noble, er free, were not considered as having any pedigree; A T II just as slaves, among the Romans, were supposed to propagate, not for themselves, but for their masters. As Goth, and C. B. edel corresponds to Lat. gens, cognatio; it is thought to confirm this derivation, that Fr. Gentilhumme, E. Gentleman, consonant to jiethel, add, have their origin from Lat. gens, gen- tilii-. Hisp. hidalgo, a gentleman, has been render, ed q. hj/o dc algo, i. e. the son of some one. But Camden observes with more probability, when speak-- ing of Elheling ; "• Hence also the Spaniards, which descended from the (ierman. Goths, may seem to have borrowed their Lhdgniu, by which word they signify their noblest gentlemen." Remains, Names, TO. Elheibert. According to an author quoted by Ihre, among the Goths in the mitldle ages, hedeii, as synon. with gentilis, was often used to denote a nobleman or gentleman. Locceniiis thinks that this term may owe its origin, either to adel, odiil, proper or hereditary possession ; or to a/ict, alt, kind, generation ; Antiq. SueoGoth. )). (i3. Wachter derives Germ, adel from aette, father. For what, says he, is nobility, but illustrious ances. try ; Hence, he observes, among the Romans those were accounted noble, whose forefathers had dis- charged the higher otlices of the state. Thus, they were designed palres, and palricii. Is!, audling, rex, and aiidling-ur, optimatum uuus, are evidently from the same source. These, however, G. Aiidr. derives from a:idr, riches ; aud- ga, to become rich : aiidgur, rich, anciently haudiir, also heid. Hence, he says, a king is called audling, from the abundance of his riches, a copia opum et census ; Lex. p. 19. Sii.G. adltnff, juvenis nobilis, corresponds to A.S. aclheling, eadling ; L. B. adeling.iis ; as these are synon. with L. B. domieeltu^, clilo, abridged from indjjlus, and Su.G..;(/«fA-e/-, i.e. young lord. On. ly, the terms allied to aethdiug were not so much restricted in any dialect as in A. S. Various theories have been given as to the forma, of the term aci'hding or adding. Spelman says that the Anglo-Saxons used the termination ling noted by the nosin, as far as it is a^ijlicable to a person. Thus the A. Saxons called a hushandnu'i eor/hling, b cause of his labour in the ear/ h ; an oppressor 7»(///«ig-, from A T il A T O nid force ; one who reci'ivod wages hj/rling, from hi/r mcrces. The very term, mentioned by I^ord llailes as an example, is properly a substantive used adjectively. This teriniiuitiou also converts an ad- jective into a substaiui\c, possessing the quality which the adjective signijies ; as Germ, frenidling, a stranger, from frciiid, strange; Jtingli/ig, a youth, from jtiiig, young. Soiiiner denies (hat ling denotes offspring or de- scent. AVachtor adopts the o))posite hypothesis, and gives a variety of proofs. But there seems to be no satisfactory etymology of the word as used in this sense. Wliile some deduce it from ling, imago, and others from C. B. Hun, effigies ; VVachter traces it to /angeii, tangere, because a man's olTspring are so. near to him, that Ihey may be compared to ob. jccts which are in a state of contact. This etymo- logy, however, is greatly strained. It deserves observation, that there is no evidence of lin^ occurring in lliis sense in Su.G. The inha- bitants of the East are denominated oesterlaenniiigar, and oeitcrlig is eastern. Ing, denoting a s>/:i, is in Su.fr. the termination v\hicli marks descent. This Ihre views as allied to C. B. eiigi, to bring forth, to be born. The proper origin of this termination most probably is Su.fJ. unge, often written iiig, ll»g'^i young. Thus Jlire says, that Adling is, juvenis no- bilis ; as Germ, iiig is juvenis, and, in |)atronymics, equivalent to sun. From this termination, as used by the Germans, the descendants of Charlemagne' were called Carolingi. In the same manner were the terms McrDvingi, Aftingi, &c. formed. There can be no doubt that ing is the proper termination in iic/heling, as the radical term is aethel. Shall we sui.pose thnt ling is merely this termination,' occa- sionally a little altered, for making the sound more li(|iiid ; especially as the letter /, in the Gothic dialects, is, as Waeliter observes, a very ancient note of derivation and diminution ? . I shall only add, that the A. Saxons formed their patronymics by the use of the termination ing. Thus they said, Conrad Cculilw(dd^i)ig, i.e. Conrad the son of Ceohvald : Ceoldwald Cti/h-ing, Ceolwald, the son of Cuth : Cuth Ctiihicin-ing, Cuth the son of Cuth- win. V. Camden's Remains, Surnames, p. 132. William of JMalmesbury observes, that the son of Eadgar was called Eiidgaring ; and the son of Ed- muiul, Ednn/nd/ng. lliekes has given various in- stances of the same kind; as Padding, the son of Putta ; Brijniiig, the son of Br\ na, kc. kc. Dissert. V".|). ap. Wachter, vo. 7;;^. V. Udal Lands. ATHILL, Hathill, s. A prince, a nobleman, an illustrious personage. V. the adj. ATHIR, Athyr, proa. l. Either, whichso- ever. The justyng fhus-gafe endyt is. And atlij/r part went hame wyth pris. PVjjntoKn, viii. 36. 2. 2. Mutual, reciprocal. " Oflymes gret feliciteis cumis be contentioun of unhappy parteis invading othir with a/liir injuries, as ha))pinnit at this t) uie be this haisty debait rising beluix J)uk Mordo and his sonnis." Beliend. Cron. 13. xvi. c. 20. 1 Alhir tithir, one another, cacli other. How that Eneas wyth hys fader met. And athir vlkir wyth freyndly wourdis gret. Dong, l-'iigi/, 189, 3.Rubr. Mony a wycht and worthi man, As athir apon otlu/r than. War duschyt dede, doun to the ground. Bfirbonr^ xvi. 164. MS. With strookcs sore, ai/llicr on other bet. Hurdling'' 1 Chr. Fol. 3S, a. A. S. aeglhcr, uterquc. We (iiid a phrase some- what similar in Oros. 2, 3. lleora acgther olhcrnm ofsluh; Eorum uterquealterumoccidebat. V. Either. ATHORT, prep. Through, S., athwart, E. " This coming out to light, posts went forth iithort the whole country, with an information writ- ten by IMr Archibald Johnston ; for to him the prior informations, both from court and otherways, oft after midnight, are communicated." Baillie's Lett. i. 32. V. TnoiiTouii, adj. ATHORT, adv. Abroad, far and wide. " There goes a speech a/hort, in the name of the Duke of Lennox, dissuading the King from war with us." Baillie's Lett. i. 83. ATIR, Eatir, s. Gore, blood, mixed with matter coming from a wound. Of his E dolpe the flowand blude and a/ir He wosche away all with the salt watir. Doug. Virg. 90. 45. Cruorem, Virg. A. S. atcr, aetter, aet/or, Alem., eitir, Isl., and Gerra. eifer, Su.G. etter, venenura. Cut Belg. cj/ter signifies pus, sanies. It seems to be generally admitted by philologists, that Alem. eit-eii, to burn, is the root ; because the most of poisonous sub. stances are of a hot and burning quality. Hence Su.G. effernustlu, nrtica urens, or burning nettle. Alter still signifies jiurulent matter, Lincolnsh. ATO, adv. In twain. To the stilles he gede. And even ato hem schare. Sir Tristrcni, p. 31. st. 45. A. S. on i:~a, in duo. ATOUR, s. The schipmen, with gret apparaill. Come with thair schippis till assaill ; With top castell warnyst weill. Oil' wicht men armyt in to steill. 'j'liair batis wp apon thair mast Draw) n weill hey, and festnyt fast, And pressyt with that gret atoiir, Towart the wall : bot the gynour Hyt in the aspync with a stane. Barbour, xvii. 717. MS. Early editors have taken the liberty of substitut- ing anentiirc. But gret utour seems synon. with gret apparaill, ver. 711. O. Fr. utour, attire. Sig- nifioit autrefois tout ce qui servoit a orner et a parer une femme. Ornatus, mundus muliebris: Diet. Trev. ATOUR, Attoure, prep. l. Over, S. Wallace in fyr gert set all haistely, Brynt wp the kyrk, and all that was tharin ; A T R ATT Atour the roch the laiff ran with gretdyn. Wallace, Tii. 1053. MS. 2. Across. S. Scho tuk him wp with outyn wordis mo, And on a caar wnlikly thai him cast : jltour the watfir led him with grot woo, Till hyr awn houss with outyn ony hoo. fVallacc, ii. 203. MS. S. Beyond, as to time; exceeding. " Gif — the King jiossesse the lands pertaining to the manslayer, in respect of the minority of the over- lord, attour the space of ane year and a day ; and hapi)in to giue and dispone the lands as escheit, to any man : he, to quhom they are given, sail possesse them, sa lang as the man-slayer lives." Quun. Att. c. 18. s. 4. 4. Exceeding, in number. ■ Thai ware twenty full thowsand, That come in Scotland of liiglis men ; And nouoht altoure ancht tliowsaud then Of Scottismeii to-gyddyr syne Agayne thame gaddryd at Roslyne. IVijnloicn, viii. 16. 231. Skinner derives this from Fr. A lour, en tour, more commonly a I'cnioiir, circum. But according to Diet. Trev., alvntour is now obsolete, and instead of it autour is used as a jjrej). in the same sense. It seems doubtful, however, whether it is not imme- diately of Goth, origin. We might supjiose it comp. of .Su.(ji.«/, denoting motion towards a place, and nj'iccr over ; or perhaps, notwithstanding the change of the vowel, from A. S. itte and ufcr. ATOUR, Attour, adv. I. Moreover. " A/lour, the King shall remain in thy govern- ment and keeping, till he come to perfect age." I'irscottie, p. 13. Attour, behald to athir Decius, And standyng fer of tua that halt Drusus. Doug. Virgil, 195. 11. In the same sense bjj and attour often occurs in our laws. 2. Out from, or at an indefinite distance from the person speaking, or the object spoken of. Bot gif my power not sulhcient be, Or grete yneuch, quhy suld 1 drcde or spare To purches help forsoith attour alrjuhare ? Doug. I'irgil, 217. 1. Attour alquhurc is meant to give the sense of us- tjuam. In this sense it is still used. To stand at- tour, is to keep otf; to go attour, to remove to some distance, S. ATRY, Attrie, adj. 1. Purulent, containing matter; applied to a sore that is cankered. S. " The kinde of the disease, as ye may gather out of that verse, was a pestilentious byle, — ane attrie kind of byle, stryking out in many heades or in many plukes ; for so the nature of the word signi- lieth." Bruce's Eleven Serm. Fol. 1, b. This is ren- dered matterie, in the Eng. edit. Belg. etterig, full of matter; eiter-en, to suppu- rate. As we have here the phrase, " ane attrie kind of bijle," it corresponds to Sii.G. etterbold, ulcus urens : Ihre, vo. Etter. 2. Stern, grim. Black hairy warts, about an inch between, O'er ran her alri/ phiz beneath her sen. Ross's He/enore, p. 35. An' bein bouden'd up wi' wrath, Wi' atrt/ face he ey'd The Trojan shore, an' a' the barks That tedder'd fast did ly Alang the coast Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 1 . Attcrn, fierce, cruel, snarling, ill-natured ; Glou- ccst. Grose's Prov. Gl. This might seem more allied to Lat. ater, gloomy; stormy, raging. But perhaps it is merely a metaph. use of the term as used in sense first ; as we speak of an angrij sore. ATRYS, s.pl. In a satire on the change of fashions, written perhaps towards the middle of the seventeenth cen- tury, we have a curious list of articles of female dress. My lady, as she is a woman. Is born a helper to undo man. — For she invents a thousand toys. That house, and hold, and all destroys ; As scarfs, shephroas, tutis and rings, Fairdings, facings and powderings ; Ri-bals, ribands, bands and rufl's, Lapbends, shagbands, cutis and muffs, P'olding outlays [ourlays ?]■ pearling sprigs, Alryx, vardigals, periwigs; Hats, hoods, wires, and also kells, AV ashing. balls, and perfuming smells ; P'rench-gows cut out, and double-banded, Jet rings to mak-e her pleasant-handed. A fan, a feather, bracelets, gloves. All new come-busks she dearly loves. For such trim bony baby-clouts Still on the laird she greets and shouts ; Which made the laird take up more gear, Than all the lands or rigs could bear. Watson's Coll. i. 30. The only word which seems to have any resem- blance is Fr. ulour, a French hood; Chauc. attour. V. Atour, s. ATRYST, x. Appointment, assignation. He is sa full of jelosy, and ingyne fals ; Ever imagining in mynd raateris of ewill, Compassand and castand castis ane thowsand. How he sail tak me with ane trew atrjjsl ol' ane uther. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 49. Same as Tr-yst, q. v. ATTAMIE, s. Skeleton. S. Abbreviated from Fr. anatomic, which not only denotes dissection, but the subject ; " a carcasse cu t up," Cotgr. ATTEILLE, Atteal, j-. This species of duck seems to be the wigeon, being distinguished from the teal. " They discharge any persons quhatsomever, with- in this realme in any wyse to sell or buy any Termigants, wyld Dukes, Teilles, Atteillc ;, Gold- ings, Mortyms, Schidderems, Skaildraik, Herron. G A T T Butter, or any sik kynde of fowlles, commonly used to be chased with Halkcs, under the paine of ane hundreth pounds to be incurred alswcll by the buyer as the seller." Acts Ja. VI. 1600. c. 23. Murray. " Last Sept. Widgeons or atteillis 2 ; wild duckis 4." Dyet Buik of the Kingis hous at Falkland, Edin. Mag. for July 1802, p. 35. The name is still retained in Shetland. " There is a large species called (he Stock.duck, and smaller species called teales aiwl ultilca.^' P. Dunrossness, Statist. Ace. vii. 394. Dr Barry seems mistaken, therefore, when, speak- ing of the Teal, he says, that of this the " Aftcal is perhaps only a variety." Hist. Orkney, p. 300. lie makes the icigeon a dift'erent bird ; ibid, p. 301. SirR.Sibb. inquires, if the yl7tas circia, or Summer Teal, be what our forefathers called the Ateal .^ Prodr. p. 2. lib. 3. 21. But Pennant suspects that the bird, called the Summer Teal, is merely tlie fe- male of the Teal. Zool. ii. 607. The teal, according to Pennant, is called, " Cim. 6ris, Atfeliiig-And," ibid. 606. In Isl. the turdus marinus is denominated Tiitlldr ; G. Andr. ATTELED, pret. Aimed, Sir Gawan and Sir Qal. ii. 26. V. Ettle. ATTEMPTAT, s. Attempt. " Yit nocht saciat by thir atlcmpMh they brak downe the wal of Adryane." Bellend. Crou. (5. viii. ■ c. 5. This is the word which he still uses. Fr. a(- ATTER-CAP, Attircop, s. i. A spider. S. The pratling pyet matches with the Musis, Pan with Apollo playis, I wot not how ; The altircops Minerva's office usis. These be the greifs that garris Montgomric grudge. That Mydas, not Mecaenas, is our judge. Montgomery, MS. Cliroii. S. V. iii. oOo. 2. An ill-natured person ; one of a virulent or ma- lignant disposition. S. Northumb. atiercop, id. Cumb. atiercob, a spi- der's web. A. S. utter eoppc, Aelfr. utter-coppa, aranca; evidently from alter, vcnenum, anil copp, calix ; receiving its denomination partly from its form, and partly from its character; q. a cup of venom. In Aelfric's Gloss, we iiuAjieondc naeddrc, i. e. a tt) ing adder, given as synon. with at/cr cuppc. For the word adder is merely titter, aeiter, venenum, used as a designation for that species of serpent. Hence the same term is explained by Sonin. udder and poyson. In Isl. the name of a serpent is ft,rm- cd in the same manner as that of a spider in A. S. This is eitr-urm, a poisonous worm. It does not appear that in A. S. aet/er was used in composition witii ^t, and leil service; The lang uvaill on humil wysc, And the Ij till rewarde agane. For io considdir is ane pane. Dunbar^ Meitlaiul Poems, p. 115,-. A U C Tlii< term is used to denote the liumilialion neccs- sary in 5cr»iii^, and in cxperting favours at court. Fr. aval-er, avalUcr, to fall down, to be brought low; ai'fl/, down; perhaps from I-at. aft rt//o. Ital. avalerc, to serve, seems nearly to express tlic idea contained in tlie passage. To AUALE, V. n. To descend. Tliare was na strenth of vailyeant inen io wale, Nor large lludis on yet that mycht aualc. Doug, Viigil, 130. 41. V. Availl. AUANT, AwANT, s. Boast, vaunt. Agyt men of tlie ciete Auruiica "VVyth grctc aiiant forsoith than hard I sa, Of this cuntre Schir Dardauus ybore, Throw out the se socht fer and ferthcrmorc. Doug. f'trgil,''il2. 30. Skinner mentions a conjecture, which has consi- derable probability; that this word has had its ori- gin from Ft. avuiit, before; as denoting the conduct of a man who prefers his own works to those of ano- ther. It would seem, indeed, that there had been an old Fr. verb of this form, as Chaucer writes avaunt for boast. Gower docs the same. Whereof to make niyn avuuirf It is to reason accordant. CoiiJ. Am. F.^1. a. b. He there also speaks of The-vyce called araunfancc, i. e. boastinff. in like manner designed avauntrt). AVANTCURRIERS, s. pi. Forerunners of an army, perhaps what are now called picquet gnards. " The avaittcurricrs of the English hoast were come in sight, whilest the Scots were some at supper, and others gone to rest."' Hume's Hist. Dong. p. 99. Fr. avant-coiireur ; from avaiit before, and courir to run. AUCHINDORAS, t. A large thorn-tree, at the end of a house ; Fife. AUCHLIT, s. Two stones weight, or a peck measure, being half of the Kirkcudbright bu- shel ; Galloway. AUCHT, AwcHt, pref. of Aw. i. Possessed. The barnage of Scotland at the last Asserablyd thame, and fandyt fast To ches a Kyng thare land to stere, That of auncestry cummyn were Of Kyngis, that audit that reawte. And mast had rycht thare kyng to be ! JVi/niozcn, viii. 2. 9. It is used in this sense by R. Brunne, p. 126. In his scxtend yere Steuen that the lond auhf, Maid scho died here, hir soule to God bctauht. 2. Owed, was indebted. For lawe or than for threte, Of fors he suld pay at he aucht. IVj/ntozcii, T. 3. 89. It also occurs in this sense, R. Brunne, p. 247. The dettes that men tham auht, ther stedes & ther wonyng. Were taxed & bitauht to the eschete of the kyng. AucHT, -v. imp. Ought, should. Aucht thou yit than leif this welfare and joy, And in sic perell seik throw the sey to Troy ? Doug. Virgil, 1 10. 33. A U C This is originally the pref. of Aw, q. r. It is sometimes used in a different form. Weill auchiis the to glore and magnifie. Police of Honour, Prol. st. 10. i. c. It becomes thee well. Auchtcn is used in a similar sense. Wele auchten eldaris cxemples vs to sterc Til hie curage, al honour til ensew, Quhen we consider quhat wourschip thereof grew. Doug. Virgil, 354. 9. It seems to be from A. S. ahton, the third p. plur. pret. of A. S. Ag.aii. Aucht, s. Possession, property. Afid I thar statutis and sere lawis thaym taucLt, Assignand ilkane propir houses and aucht. Doug. Virgil, 72. 4. Here the word strictly denotes that property wliich is defined by law, as exclusively one's own; corro- siionding to, Jura domosquc dabam. Virg. Lib. 3. V. 139. Ane erill wyfc is the werst aucht, That ony man can haif ; For he may nevir sit in saucht, Onlcss he be hir sklaif. iiannatync Poems, p. 176. st. G. The teim is still commonly used, nearly in the same manner. / haif na a bawbee in ass my aucht, S. I have no money in my possession. A. S. acht, id. MoesG. aigin, aihn, peculiaris ac propria possessio ; both from their respectire verbs, ag.an, and aig-an. AUCHT, adj. Eight ; S- And thai for-grct sj>ecyalte Rade wyth hym forthwart apon way Hyui til Berwrk til conway Wyth ancht hundyre speris and ma. iVyntomn, is. 4. 57. Anhie, id. O. E. The date was a thousand & fourscore & auktc. R. Brunne, p. 84. MoesG. ahfaii, A.S. eahta. Germ, aht, Belg. acht, Isl. Su.G. alta, Gael, ocht, id. To this word we must, in all probability, refer a passage in one of Dunbar's po<;ms, left by Mr Pinkerton as not understood. It is impossible, in- deed, to understand it, as it appears in the poem. Kirkmen so halie ar and gude. That on their conscience rowncand rude May turn aucht opin and ane wane ; Quhilk to considder is ane pane. Maitland Poems, p. 116. The first line is evidently the language of irony. Aucht cannot be meant in the sense of any thing, E. aught; for it is not used in this sense by our old writers. Opin can as little signify o;jen ; for thea the passage would be without meaning. It must certainly be viewed as an error of some transcriber for ousen. Making this supposition, the sense is obvious. The conscience of a churchman, in that age of darkness, was so round, or perhaps rowme, large, and so rude, of such hard materials, that eight oxin, with a wain, might turn on it. A carriage, called a wain, drawn by six or eight oxeo, is still much in use in the Northern parts of S. G2 AVE A U I AucHTAND, AucHTEN, (ulj. The eighth. The proloug of the aiichlanile buk In-to this chai)tcr now yhe hike. IVijutoivn, viii. Rubi'. Unto Enec geiiis the aitchten biike Baith fallowschip and armowre, quha list lukc. Doug. Plrgil, 12. 43. This does not correspond to the ordinal numbers used in Moesd. and A. S., ahtiula and eahtcotha. But Mr Macpherson refers to Isl. aatunde, id. Sii.G. atting is the eight part of any thing. AVENAND, adj. Elegant in person and man- ners. Than Schir Gaiiane the gay, grete of degre, And Schir Lancelot de Lake, withoutin lesing, And uvenuiul Schir Kwin thai ordanit ; that th re To the schore chiftane chargit fra the kyng. Gazi-un and Got. ii. 3. He wcs yhoung, and uvenand, And til all lurdis rycht ))lcsand. IVi/Jifoten, vi. 13. 161. Fr. udvennnt, nrenanf, handsome ; also, courteous. AVENTURE, s. V. Aunter. In aventure, adv. Lest, perchance. " The medcinaris inhibit thir displesouris to be schawin to the Kyng ; in arcenture he tuk sic malan- coly thairthrow, that it mycht haisty him to his deith." Bellend. Cron. B. xi. c. 4. Ne forsitan, Boeth. Fr. a I'avenliire, d'aventiire, percliance. AVER, AviR, Aiver, s. i. A horse used for labour, a cart-horse, S. " This man wyl not obey my chargis, quhill he be riddin with ane mollet brydyl. Nochtheles, I sail gar hyra draw lik an avir in ane cart." Bellend. Cron. B. sii. c. 6. 2. An old horse, one that is worn out with labour, S. This, although now the common significa- tion, is evidently improper ; as appears from the epithet auM being frequently conjoined. Suppois I war ane aid yaid aver, Schott furth our cleuchis to squishe the clevir, — I wald at Youl be housit and staid. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 112. Yet aft a ragged cowte's been known To mak a noble aiver : So, ye may doucely till a throne, For a' their clish-ma-claver. Burns, iii. 9G. " An inch of a nag is worth a span of an aver." Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 14. L. B. aff'eri, uffri, jumentavel cavalli colonic!, — equi agriculturae idonci : unde forte quaevis bona ajfaria dicta sunt; quae vox traducta ad negolia, Gallis affaires. Averia, averii, equi, boves, jumen- ta, eves, ceteraque animalia, quae agriculturae iuscr- Tiunt. Du Cange. Hence, as would seem, O. E. auere was used to denote riches. The maistir of ther pedaile, that kirkes brak & brent, — In suilk felonie gadred grete auere. R. Brunne, p. 124. V. Arage. 3. This name is given, in Sutherland, to a gelded goat. " Horses, of the best kind, diaw from L. 4 io L. 6 Sterling ; — goats with kid, 5s. : yell goats, from 3s. to 4s. ; avers, i. e. gelded he-goats, from 6s. 6d. to 6s. 6d." P. Kildonan, Statist. Ace. iii. 408. Averii., s. Thou scowry hippit, ugly averii. With hurkland banes ay howkand throu thy liide. Dunbar, Evergreen, ii. 57. st. 18. Ramsay renders this " senseless fellow," as if it were haveril, from haver, q. v. Had Dunbar heard his language explained in this manner, he would un- doubtedly have returned the gloss to the critic with full interest. From the rest of the description, it is evident that this is a diminutive from aver, a beast for labour. The first epithet, conjoined with averii, refers ti> a horse whose hinder quarters are become lank from hard work. AVERILE, Avyryle, j. April. In the moneth oi Aviiri/le syne Nest eftyr the battayle of Duplyne, J'ra Schyr Andrew of Alurrawe wes tane. And all his menyhe hame had gane, Set he wcs takyn a-pon cas, Yholdyn to na man yhit he was, Quhill he wes browcht in-til presanj To the Kyng Edward of Ingland. Wjjnluica, viii. 27. 3. AVERIN, AvEREN, AivERiN, s. Cloudberry or knoutberry, S. rubus chamremorus, Linn. ; eaten as a desert in the North of S. She wins to foot, and swavering makes to gang, Aiul sj)ies a spot of uvcrens ere lang. Ross\s' Helenore, p. 26. " Hence let them bend their course to Lochnachat, • — picking up here and there a plant of the rubus chamaj'morus, (the averan or Highland oidh'rac), and if its fruit be ripe, they will find it very refresh- ing." P. Clunie, Perths. Statist. Ace. ix. 237. Its Gael, name is also written Oirak. Averin, per- haps from Germ, aver, wild, and en, which may an- ciently have signilied a berry in general, as in Su.G. it now denotes that of the juniper. AVIL, J-. The second crop after lea or grass ; Galloway. V. Awat. AVILLOUS, adj. Contemptible, debased. In avitlous Italic, To compt how ye converss, I ug for villanie. Your vycis to reherss. Scott, Cliron. S. P. iii. 147. Fr. avili, ie, in conteraptioncm adductus, Diet. Trev. From avilir, vilescere. AUISE, s. Advice. llerk, I sal schaw niyne auisc, quod he. Doug. Virgil, 381. 53. So thay quhilkis are desyrit peace and rest, And for the commoun wele thocht it was best, To mak end of the bargane on this wyse, Ar alterit halely in ane vthir auijse. Ibid. 416. 38. The king at his avys sent messengers thre. R. Brunne Chaucer, avis^ id. Fr. amsj counsel, advice. A U L A U N .\\^SE, AwiSE, s. Manner, fashion. Ai)Oun his stryngis playit he iiioiiy auc spring; Layt's and rymes apoiin the best azcise. And I'uerniarc his nianore and his gyse Was for to sing, blasoun, and discriue Men and stedis. knichtlicd^', were, and striiie. Doug. Virgil, 306. 0. " lie conimandit be general proclamationis al fen- sabyl men to be reildy in thayr best avi/sc to resist thair ennyniis." Rellend. Cron. Kol. 8. a. From A. S. ;;/*.«, uise, Aleni. uitis, uiiisa, Helg. K{/te, mode, manner; a being prclixed, which is common in A. S. AUISION, s. Vision. — To the goddes of V'ildernes, as is Tsit, Qiihilk Hamadriadcs Iiait, I woursthlp maid, — Beseiking this auision wortli happy. And the orakil prospcritc suld signifv. Duii!^. rirgil, 6S. 19. Chaucer, id. AWKWART, AuKWART, pre/). Athwart, a- cross. As he glaid bv, auknarl he couth hyra ta, The and arson in sondyr gart he ga. JVall(u:c,\n. 175. MS. Ane othir aivkii:art a large straik tuk thar, Abown the kne, the baync in sondir schar. Ibid. il. 109. MS. Wallas was glad, and hynt it sonc in hand. And with the suerd awkn/irt he him gawe Wndyr the hat, his crage in sondir drawe. lOid. i. 402. :MS. AULD, s. Age. " Mairouir, ane cuil toung, specially of anc cuil giffni counsellonr, fals prechour or tcchar, may ken- dil the hartis of men and wemen to heresie and vthir synnis, and thairin to remaine fra the tynie of thair youthede, to the tvme of thair uiiid, sa niekil enil may spring out fra ane eiiil toiiug." Abp. Ha- miltoun's Catechisme, 1551. Fol. 69. a. A. S. (ti'ld, scnectui, MoesG. aids, aetas. V. Eild. AuLD, (iilj. Old. V. Ald. AuLD-FARRAN, c/JJ, Sagacious, S. These people, right auld-fanun, will be laifh To thwart a nation, wha with ease can draw Up ilka sluice they have, and drown them a'. Rums(ijj''s- Poemx, i. 55. For there's ay something sae auld-furraii, Sac slid, sae unconstrain'd, and darin, In ilka sample we have seen yet, That little better here has been yet. Ibid. ii. 361. " Ye're o'er auld-Jarran to be fley'd for bogles." Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 84. As applied to children, it denotes that they have sagacity and discretion beyond their years. A. Bor. aud-farand, id. Awdfarraiid, grave and sober, Gl. Yorks. Ray seems to view fiiraml as expressive of a particular humour, rendering A. Bor. Fighdng-farand, " in a fighting humour." Because/«ra(i(i man denoted a traveller, Lord Hailes renders auldfarand literally, an old traveller, but figuratively, a person i/iar;) or versatile;'' Annals, ii- 282. It has also been expl., " beseeming, be- coming, behaving ;" from Sw.fara, used in the sense of agerc ; " Faru illii. To behave ill."' But it corre. sponds better w ith Fara, experiri. Hence zcel or- tlium furin, eloquent, bene in loquendo peritus ; lag-faren. skilled in law, juris peritus; forfcirc/ihet, experience; Ihre. ls\. ordi Jdriiin, facunilia prae- stans, 01. Trygguas. S. c. H9. Belg. aerviuircn, having experience, skilful; Germ. J'arcii, crfithren, experiri. All these words exhibit only a secondary sense oi fur-a, fur-nn, ire, protisisci. This secon- dary idea, of experience, attached to the v. pri- marily signifying to go, is very natural ; as it is ge- nerally supposed, that those, who have travelled far, if they have enriched themselves in no other respect, have at least brought home with them a considerable stock of experience. Auld-MOU'd, adj. Sagncious in discourse ; some- times implying the idea of craft; S. Bor. She looks ill to ca'. And o'er auld-inoiCd, 1 reed is for us a'. Ross's Ilelenure, p. 89. ^uW and mow, mouth. Several proper names, of a similar formation denoting mental qualities, occur in Willeram ; as Drudmunt, verum os, Fridemuiit, pacilicum OS, Jlclidniiiiid, strcnuura os. Junii Obs. ad Wilier, p. 5. ap. Wachter. Auld-Father, s. Grandfather ; a term used by some in the West of S. A. S. etild-facder, Teut. oud-vader, id. ; avus, Kilian. V. Kld-fader. Auld-VVArxd, adj. Antique, antiquated, S. They tell nic, Geordie, he had sic a gift, That scarce a starnie blinkil frae the lift. But he \vou"d some uiild xturld name for't find, As gart him keep it freshly in his mind. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 8. AULIN. Sfoiiti-anlhi, Dirty Aiilln., the Arctic Gull. Orkn. Loth. " An Arctic (tuII Hew near the boat. This is the species that persecutes and pursues the lesser kinds, till they mute through fear, when it catches their excrement ere they reach the water; tiie boatmen, on that account, st) led it the dirtjj Aidin." Pen- nant's Tour in S. 1769. p. 78. He speaks of the passage at Queens-ferry. V. ScouTiAui.i.v, Si Skaitbikd. AULTRAGES, Aulterage, s. pi. The emo- luments arising from the offerings made at an altar, or from the rents appointed for the sup- port of it. — That — Annuities, Aultrages, Obits and otlier duties pertaining to priests, be employed to the same use, and \q the upholding of schools in the places where they lie." Spofswood, p. 109. Soealso p. 209. L. B. ultaragium, altcrugium, obventio altaris; Du Cangc. AUMERS, s. pi. Embers. V. Ameris. To AUNTER, Awntyr, v. a. To hazard, to put into the power of accident. At the last thair traiss fand thai, That till the mekill moss thaim liaid, That wes swa hidwouss for to waid, That aicntj/r thaim tharto durst naue; Bot till thair ost agayne ar gane. Barbour, xix. 761. MS. A V O A W A',vcnfui\ V\\\\. edit. Tliis verb frequently oc- curs in (). M. It is used bj' Cliaucrr and Gower. Though cucry grace aboufe hyui sterte, He v.oll not oiu's stere liis fo(e, So that by reason lose he mote, That woll not rnintcr for to wynne. Conf. Am. Yo\. C 1. b. col. 2. Here it is used in a ncut. sense. Fr. ^vcnfiir-cr, risquerj iiiettro au hazard ; Diet. Trev. V. Anter, v. AUNTER, J-. Adventure. Thus to forest they fore, Thcs Sterne Knights on store. In the tynie of yfi /liore This auii/er betide. Sir Gijis icve. Dong. J'irgil. '271. 19. Chaucer, id. Doug, also uses the verb in the same form. Ft.- avouer now signifies to confess; although most probably it formerly denoted vowing. 2. Discovery, declaration ; in mod. language, a- vowal. At Ivirk and market when we meet, We'll dare make nae avoise. But — " Dame, how goes my gay goss haw k ?" " Madame, how does my dow ?" Mintitrclsy Border, ii. 86. AVOUTERIE, Advouterie, s. Adultery, Gl. Sibb. 1 have not observed this word in any of our S. wo^ks. But it is used by O. E. writers. " Of the hertc gon out yvel tlioughtis, nun. sleyngis, avoii/rics,^' Wiclif, Matt. 15. (). Fr. avoutric, id. AUSTIE, adj. " Austere, harsh." The Wolf this saw, and carpand come him till With girnand teeth, and angry austie hike, Said to the Lamb, Thou catyve wrechit thing, How durst thou be so bald to fyle this bruke, Quhair I suld drink, with thy fowll slavering? Hcnrysonc, Baiiiia/ijne Poems, p. 116. Lord Ilailes and others have viewed this as a corr. of aiiif ere. A.S. offige \s latoffj/, from est, Teut. oesf, a knot, properly in wood. If we had any evi. dence (hat ostige had been used metaphorically, as we use Kuoltij, or knotted, applied to the brow, to express a sullen or severe look ; we might suppose this the origin. But as austere has been corr. in dif- ferent ways, this may be only one variety. ■ V. Aw- STUENE. To AW, Awe, v. a. To owe. I mak yow wyss, I aw to mak na band, Als fre I am in this regioun to ryng, Lord'OiTmvn awne, as euir was prince or king. U'al/aec, viii. 26. MS. i: c. 1 am under no obligation. *' T^lat nane — tak vpone thame to be collectouris to (he Sege of Rome, of na hiear norgreter taxatioun of Cischoprikis, Abbaseis, Pryoreis, Prouestreis, na vthcr beneficis, that aive taxatioun, hot as the vse and custume of auld taxatioun hes bene of befoir, as is contcnitin the Prouinciallis buik, or the auld tax- atioun of Bagimont." Acts Ja. III. 1471. c. 54. edit. 1506. " The secund command is of the lufe, quhilk we aw till our nvchbour." Abp. Ilamiltoun's Cate- chisme, 1551. Fol. 38. a. Isl. u(i, alte, dcbeo, debuit ; A. S. ag, ahfe, Su.G. a. The word appears in its earliest form in MoesG. «/,';, habeo, (imperf. aiJit-a), which seems to have been used only in the primary sense of possession. V. AlGII, AUCHT. Aw sometimes occurs as the third pers. sing, of the v. ; signifying, owed, ought. This man went doun. and sodanlye he saw. As to h^ s sycht, dede had him swappyt snell ; Syn aaid to thaim. He has payit at he aw. JVutlace, ii. 250. MS. Also, v. 331. Douglas uses it in the same sense. Virg. 361. 21. Wt'YC (he present is improperly used for the past. It is also irregularly used for the second pers. sing. Thow aw this Dog [of] quhilk the terine is gone. Ilcnrijsone, Bannatj/nc Poems, p. 110, To ArcHT, AwcHT, Aught, v. a. To owe. Madem, he said, and verite war scyn That ye me luilyt, I a:s:cht you lulf agayn. IVallaec, viii. 1401. MS. The gud wyf said, Have ye na dreid, Ye sail pay at ye audit. Peblis to the Plaij, st. 11. i. e. that which ye owe. '• We remember quhat aythe we hare maid to our comoun-welthe, and how the dewtic we aucht to the sam compellis us to cry out." Knox's Hist. p. 164. " lie told them roundly) that they were aughtin A W A m the redemption of their liberties, estates, religion, and laws." Hailiie's Lett. i. '232. This V. is evidentlj- from the pret. of Aw. AW, used for All ; S. And he hes now t.ino, last of avj. The grntill Stobo and Quintene Schaw, Of quhunie all wichtis hes pitie. Dctk of the Makkaris, Bannati/nc Poems, p. 77. it is, Gudr gentill Stobo, &c. Edin. edit. 1508. lie w rithis and enforcis to withdraw The schaft ia brokin, and the hede wj^th aw. Doug, f'irgil, 423. 19. i. e. withal. AWA, adv. Away. The general pron. in S., wsed by Doug., as would appear, metri causa. The ilk sorrow, the samjn swerd baith tua. And the self houre niycht half tane us azca. Doug. Hrgil, 114. 4. This metaph. use of the word, in relation to death, is Tery common among the vulgar ; S. It is used by Dunbar without regard to the rhyme. Go clois the burde ; and tak awa the chyre. Mailland Foems, p. 173. ,To AWAILL, AwAiLYE, v. //. To avail. We find both in one passage. Till swylk thowlesnes he ycid, As the courss askls olTycwtheid; And wmqnliill into rybbaldaill ; And that may mony tynic awaill. For knawlage off mony statis May quhile awaiijjc full mony gatis. Bitibour, i. 337. 339. MS. This is very loose morality. But Barbour wished to make sonic apology for Douglas, whom he here characterises. To AWAIL, AwAL, V. a. l. To let fall. And alsoi\o as the day wes cler, Thai that with in the castcU wer Had arm>t thaini, and maid thaim boun^ And sono ihair brig awalijt doun, And iscliit in till gret plente. Barbour, xv. 134. MS. i. e. let fall (heir drawbridge. 2. To descend ; used in a neut. sense. The swete wapour thus fra the ground resourss; The huinvU breyth doun fra the hewyn awaill, In cucry meide, bathe fyrth, forrcst and daill. iVallace, viii. 1186. MS. Thai saw tharc fais nere cummand, Owte-oure a bra downe awalatid. That delt ware in batallis twa : The Percy had the mast of tha. JFj/ntow?!, ix. 8. 14T. " Seems, " according to Mr Macphcrson, " riding or galloping down the hill, as if tumbling. Fr. aval-er to go, or fall, down. Belg. vall-cii, to fall, rush." But the meaning is merely, descending, as in the last extract ; from Fr. ava/~er, which not on- ly signifies to let fall, but to. descend. Avul-er, v. act. Abaisser. — Les bateaux aval-ent quand ils de- scendent suivant le cours de la riviere. Diet. TrcT. Teut. aJ.vttU-en^ dccidere. A W A AWAY. This word seems to have been occa- sionally used as a verb. ^len on ilk sid gadryt h<; ; I trow II M. thai mycht be; And send thaim for to stoj) the way, Quhar the gud behowvt awiijj. 'Uarboiir, x. IG. MS. i. e. by which the goods must pass. Quhar the gud King behowyt to gaj/. Kdil. I'iuk. The same expression occurs, Barbour, xi. 361. MS. And in a plane feld, be the way, Quhar he thoucht ned behowyd aiunj/ T'he Inglis men, gif that thai wald Throw the park to the castell hald, He gert men mony pottis ma. Off a fute breid round ; and all tha. AVar dep wp till a mannys kne ; Sa thyk, that thai mycht liknyt be Till a wax cayme, that bcis mais. In edit. Pink., it is to gaij ; in edit. 1620, have Will/. V. also v. 285.— xiv. 108. A. S. aweg, away, may be viewed as the im|)rrat. of awaeg.an, to take away, or awcgg-an, to depart. I suspect, however, that the verb has been formed from the noun ; as the original composition evident, ly is a privative, and iveg, way. Now, the noun •weg beir\g the root, it is most natural io suppose that the primary compound was the noun with the prep, prefixed. AWAYMENTIS, s. pi. This dwne, and the anaj/mcnlis Consawyd full in (hare iutentis, Owt of the k\ rk this Kyng gert pas All, bot thai, that sworne than was Til that Assysc : and thai gert he Stratly and welle kepyd be. IVi/ntoKn, viii. 5. 113. " Unless this be corr. for aici/sntcnth, (consulta- tions) I know nothing of it." Gloss. Wynt. But there is no necessity for supposing a corruption. The idea of preparations or preliminaries corres- ponds fully better than that of consultations. For the Assise had not entered on their deliberations. They had been only selected and sworn. Thus tlie origin will be O. Fr. ai-oi)-er, to put in train, to settle preliminaries. Vieux mot. Mettre en bon- voie, en bon chemin. Diet. Trov. AW ALT SHEEP, one that has fallen back- ward, or downhill,, and cannot recover itself ^ Gl. Sibb. V. AWAIL. To AWANCE,, V. a. To advance. Bot gud serwice he dide him with plesanee, As in that place was worthi to aicancc. ITallacc, i. 3G6. MS. Fr. avanc-er. AW AT, s. Ground ploughed after the first crop from lea. The crop produced is called the Awat-crop ; Ang. One might suppose that this were from A. S. afed, pastus, Isl. aj.at, depastus (Vertl.) q. m hat had been pasture land, were it not that this is not the first crop after grass. Shall we, therefore, rathtjr A W B A W I rcfor it to Sii.O. a:i:at, also nfuf, di-firiens, as b«>ln5 inferior to the (irst crop ? Instead of a;.(if, avil is used in Calluway, eiacall, Clydos. This, for the Fanif reason, may hv. traced (o Tent, af-val diniinu. tio. According to th(! hiUcr et> inon, bolli a\c at iind uvil are rad. 'he same ivilli yhcdl/, explained above. AW A WARD, s. Vanguard. His men he >;ert thaini welearay. The ai^auaril had (lie Krle Tliomas ; And the rerward Schy.r l'",diniaidis was. Barbour, xiv. 59. MS. Fr. AiHiiit-gardc. AWBYRCHOWNE, Awbercheoun, s. Ha- bergeon. ^Villa^u• of Spens pcrcit a blasowne And tlirow (lire fauld o( Atc/>:jri-liowne And (he Aclown throw (lie (lir}d )jly And (he arow in (he body, Qiihill of (hat dynt thare deyd he lav, IVijnfozoii, riii. 33. 22. " The haubcrgeon," says Grose, " was a coat composed cither of plate or chain mail without sleeves." " The hauberk was a complete covering of mail from head to foot. It consisted of a hood joined to a jacket with sleeves, breeches, stockings and shoes of doiil;le chain mail, to which were added gauntlets of the same construction. Some of these haubf rks opened before like a modern coat, others were closed like a shirt." Ant. Armour, ]Mil. Hist, ii. 245, 246. Haubergeons in S. seem to have been generally of chain mail. Ilenco the Prov. mentioned by Skene : " INlany mailyies makes ane haubcrgiouii." Dr Johnson defines habergeon, '■'• armour to co. ver the neck and breast." Now, this dellnition, al- though it does not apply to the habergeon as used in lattT times, seems fairly to exhibit the original de- sign of this armour. For hauberk, whence haber- gcrin, is undoubtcdh' Franc, huhbcrge, Isl. hals- I'l'org, Teut. hals-bergh, a little changed. This is rendered by Hire, collare chalybeiim, q. a steel c(dlar; coinp. of /ji^/Av the neck, aud bcrg-a to de- fend. Hence L. B. halsberga, Fr. haiibcrf, a coat of mail ; haiihcrgco/t, a small coat of mail. Kilian gives ringh-krucghc as synon., q. a ring for the throat. The Goths, in the same manner, denominated fjreaves baiiiberga, defences for the legs, (buin, cius.) Isl. nrfbiorg is that part of the helmet which protects the nose. Perhaps it should be wc«- b/org ; a.m\ fiiigcrborg is a covering for the fingers, made of metal, used by spinners. V. Hire, vo. JJerga. AWBLASTER, s. 1. A cross-bowman. This is evidently the meaning of the term aw- blaslerft, left bv Mr I'iuk. for explanation. The gud Stewart olf Scotland then Send for his frendis, and his men, Quiiill he had with him but archeris, And but burdowis, and aicblufteris, V hundre men, wycht and worthi, That bar arrays of awncestry. Barbour, xvii. 236. MS. j^ihUifferc and Arblaste are used in the same seuse, O. E. R. com oner nerc, the castelle to aspie, That sauh an ulhlasterc, a cjuarelle lete he flie, & smote him in (he schank. — 71. Brunne, p. 205. So gre( poer of thulke lond & of France he nome Myd h)in in to ]'!ngeloiid of knygtes & of squyers, S|)ermen auote & bowmen, & al so arblastes, That them thogte in Kngelond so muche folc neuerft nas. Rob. Glouc. p. 378. In another MS. it is ubblastres. 2. A crossbow. The Sothcron men maid gret defens that tid, With artailyc, that fclloune was to bid, With awbla^tcr, gaynyc, and stanys fast. And hand guiuiys rycht brymly out thai cast. IValiace, vii. 091. MS. Fr. arbclcs/icr, L. B. arcubalisla, urbalisia, a cross-bowinan. When the term is applied to the bow itself, it is improperly. For the word oug^it to be aicbluf/e, from Fr. arbalcstc. Bullet mentions as Celtic words, albras, a warlike engine for throw- ing stones ; and albrafzcr, albri/siicr, the person who wrought this engine. But they are most probably corr. from the Lat. AWCY, s. That is luf paramoui, listis and dclites, 'I'liat has me light, and laft logh in a lake. Al the welth of the world, that aiccj/ wites, With the wildc wermis that worche me w rake. Sir Ganan and Sir Gal. i. 17. Perhaps pain, torment, A. S. ucc, aecc, dolor; q. That suffering, (of which you have ocular de- monstration,) lays the blame on worldly wealth. AWEDE. Tristrem in sorwe lay, For thi wald Ysonde aii^cde. Sir Tristrem, p. ISl. I am under a necessity of differing from my friend the very ingenious editor, who view s this as signify- ing sicooh, and seems to think that it is allied to S. •weed, a species of sickness to which women in childbed are most subject. It certainly signifies, to be in a state appproaching to insanity ; A. S. awcd- an, awocd-un, insanire. To AWENT, V. a. To cool or refresh by ex- posing to the air. Thai faiid the King syttand allanc, That ofl' hys bassynet has tanc. Till awcnt him, for he wes hate. Barbour, vi. 305. MS. In edit. 1620, p. 112, it is rendered, To take the aire, for he was heat. It occurs also B. xii. 145. A. S. aicyndwian, ven- tilare ; from isind, ventus. AWERTY, AuERTY, adj. Cautious, expe- rienced. With him wcs Philip (he Mowbraj', And Ingram the Umfrawill perfay, That wes both wyss and aiserftj. And full of gret chewalry. Barbour, ii. 213. MS. . The King Robert, that was Wss in his deid and auerti/, A W M A W S Saw Ills men sa rycht douchtcly The jjeth ajioii tliair f;i) is ta. Barbour, xviii. AZO. MS. In Pink. edit, it is aiicrfi/, wliicli mars the sense. It is used by R. Bniime, j). 2fiO. The rcspons were redy, that Philip did Uiam bero, A knyght fiille aiicrtij gaf thaiii iliis aiistierc. Fr. avcrit, warned, advertised. AWIN, AwYN, AwNE, atlj. Own, proper, S. aivne, Gl. Yorks. id. This is the common prou. of the south of S., in other parts, (tin. Ami mony ma, thatlang had bej-nc onrthrawin, AVallace thaim put rychtwisly to thair «:;/«. Wutlace,' y\\. 9i'>. IMS. The gild thai tuk, as it had beyn thair aivijn. li'alldce, ix. 1193. It is often used, strictly in' the sense of proper^ with the article prolixed. " The honour, authority and dii;nilic of liis saidis tliree Estaites sail stand, and couliiiew in the uiviit intcgritie, according to the ancient, and Jorabill custom by-gane, without ony alteration or diminu- tion." Acts Ja. VI. Pari. 8. c. 130. Murray. And our uin lads, although I say't niysell. But guided them right cankardly and snoll. Rosa's llflciiiirc, p. 69. MoesG. o/g-/«, uihn ; according to Jiiii., d'othis at proprius ; item, pcculiaris et propria possessio ; Gl. Goth. A. S. agi'ii, (ienn. eighcn, Belg. cijglieii, Su.G. egeii, id. all from their resjiective verbs wliieli denote right or property. AWISE, s. Manner, fashion. V. Avi'SE. AWISE, AwYSEE, adj. Prudent, considerate, cautious. Als thai liaid A lord that sa suete wes, and dcboner, Sa curtaiss, and oll'sa fa> r eti'er, Sa blyth, and als sa weill bourdand, And in bataill sa styfh to stand, Swa wyss, and rycht swa awise, That thai had gret causs bh th to be. Uurbonr, viii. 385. MS. Nixt schairp Miia/heiis, w ar and aioT/se'c, Vnto the hcid has lialit vp on hie Baith arrow and one, etland at the mark. Doug. Virgil, 1 14. 41. Fr. avise, prudens, cautus, consideratiis ; Diet. Trev. The editors observe, that this word is form- ed from the Goth ivis-an, A. S. vis-an, with ad (ra- ther a) prefixed. Hence, AWISELY, adv. Prudently, circumspectly. Quhen this wes said thai saw cumniaiid ~ Thar fay is ridand, ner at the hand, Arayit rycht aixiiselij, Willfull to do chewalry. Barbour, ii. 344. MS. AUMON, Hewmon, s. A helmet, Gl. Sibb. AWMOUS, s. A cap, or cowl ; a covering for the head. • This seems to bo the reading, in MS., of the w ord printed wjumomt, Houlate, i. 17. Upoun the sand yit 1 saw, as thesaurare tane, With grene aiymoiw on licde, SirGawane thei)/Y//ur. The poet alludes to the beautiful grcrn feathers on the heads of some species of ducks, and perhaps to some badge of oflice anciently worn by the treasurer of Scotland. L. B. almucia, O. Fr. minimise, from Germ. 7)uiize, id. S. mu/ch, q. v. If it should be read n:i-mons, it may refer (o a helmet. V. Aumon. AWNER, s. An owner. " All thay that fyndis ony tynt geir, gold, syluer, or ony vther thyng, and knawis or may knaw with i diligent spering quhay awe the same tynt geir, and wyl nocht restore it, & gyf it agane to the trcw a-;'.'icr, thay ar fheiffis & bi-aikis this command." Ab|). llaniiltoun's Catechisme, lojl, FoL 60, b. AWNIE. adj. Bearded, S. Let husky wheat the haiighs adorn, And aits set up their uwnic'liorn — 'Burns, iii. 13. V. next word. AWNS, .r. /)/. Beards of corn. Dr Johnson gives the word a/ics a place ; but it seems to be rather a provincial term. It was viewed as such by Ray. Bar awns, the beards of barley ; Ang. Perths. MoesG. «/!«««, chaff, Su.G. «^>7?, Gr. ce^ta, a-^tii, id. Alem. agena not only signifies elialf, but is rendered festuca, a shoot or stalk. Wachter views (legg, a sharp \wiat, as the root of the Northern terms. AWP, Whaup, s. Curliew; a bird, S. GL Sibb. V. (^UHAIP. AWORTH, adv. " Worthily," Tytler. lie makith joye and coufort that he quilis Of tlieire uusekir warldis appetitis. And so at^orlh he takith his penance. And of his vertew maid it suffisance. King's Quair, i. 6. Perhaps allied to A. S. a:ri/r/h-ian, gloriticare. , If so, it may signify that he gloried in his sufferings. AWRO. ■ ■ JIaiden mergrete, Went the dragoun fro ; Sche seize a wel fouler thing Sitten in awro : He hadde honden on his kncs, And eizc on euerich to ; Mizt ther neucr lothcr thing Opon erth go. Legend St Margrete, M-S. V. Gloss. Compl. p. 309. st. 4. The language of this poem has more of the E. than S. dialect. But I quote the passage to suggest that most probably it should he a wro, i, e. a cor- ner, as synon. with an him, st. 1. Maiden mergrete tho Loked hir biside ; And seize a lothlich dragoun Out of an him glide. , Su.G. wra, angulus. AWS, Awes of a ?7iill.'ivhed, s. pi. The buckets or projections on the rim which receive the shock of the water as it falls, S. " The water falls upon the wmcs, or feathers of thctirl, at an inclination of between 40 and 45 de- grees." P. Unst, Shetland,' Statist. Ace. v. 191. Can this have any connexion with Su.G. a. Germ. ach, water ? or w ith MoesG. nhs spica, Mark 4. 28 ? II B A B AWSK, s. Newt, eft. V. Ask. AWSTRENE, a^J. Stern, austere. This ttws/rrnc gri'if answcrit ani;irly ; For thy cramping tliow salt baitli crukc and cowre. lloinjxoiic, liaiinatyne Poems, p. 132. This is undoubtedly the same with astenie, Doug. Virgil, corr. either from Lat. austerus, or A. S. stijrn, id. AWTAYNE, adj. Haughty. All he mad of Inglis men, That was djspytwows and awtciijuc then. fVj/iitowii, viii. 17. 21. AWTER, J-. Altar. He mysdyd thair grctly but wer, That gave na gyrth to the aivfer. Barbour, ii. 44. MS. i. e. Who did not consider the altar as a sane- tuary. Chaucer, id. O. Fr. under, id. Diet. Trev. Lat. ultare. To AX, 11. a. To ask, S. Rudd. The kyng Ictte bryng ther aftur Ilengist bi fore hym sone. And asclied at erles & barncs, wat were raid hym to done. M. Glouc. p. 141. In another MS. it is axede. 13 A C — What thynge the kynge hym are wolde. Gotcer, Coiif. Am. F. 25. a. " The twelve tliat woren with him axiden him to expownc the parable." Wiolif, Mark iv. Chaucer, id. A. S. ahs-iaii, tix-ian. AXIS, AcKSYs, s. pi. Aches, pains. Bot tho began myn axis and turraent ! To scne liir part, and folowe I na niycht ; Mcthoucht the daj- was turnyt into nycht. King^s Quair, ii. 48. Sibb. writes it also ack-sjjs, rendering it ague; Gl. " ^xis is still used by the country people in Scot- land for the ague or trembling fever." Tytl. N. In the former sense, evidently from A. S. aece, dolor ; in the latter, either from this, or egesa, hor- ror, MoesG. agis, terror, whence Seren. derives E. asrue. AX-TREE, s. Asle-tree. S. A. S. eax, ex; Alem. ahsa, Germ, achse, id. Perhaps the radical word is Isl. ak-a, to drive a cha- riot or dray ; G. Andr. AYONT,' j,r^p. Beyond. S. A burn ran in the laigh, ayont there lay As many feeding on the other brae. Ross's Helcnoi'e, p. 47. A. S. geond, ultra, with a prefixed ; or en, as ajield, originally on field. V. YouxD. R BAACH, aRj. Ungrateful to the taste. V-. Bauch. BABIE, Bawbie, s. A copper coin equal to a halfpenny English. S. " As to hir fals accusatioun of spoilyc, we did remit us to the conscience of Mr Robert Richart- soun Maistcr of tho Cunye IIous, quha from our ha-ndis rcceavcri Gold, Silver, and Mettall, alsweill cunyeit as uncunycit; so that with us thare did not remane the valowof a Babie." Knox's Hist. p. 151. Bazcbee, Lond. Ed. 161. According to Sir James Balfour, babees were in- troduced in the reign of James V. ; Rudd. Intr. to And. Diplom. p. 148. The value of the bazcbie was not uniformly the same. Sir James Balfour sa)s that, at the time referred to, it was " worth three pennies." In the reign of James VI. it was valued at six : and this continued its standard valuation in the succeeding reigns, while it was customary to count by Scottish money. The British halfpenny is still vulgarly culled a bawbee. As this coin bore the bust of James VI. wlicn young, some have imagined that it received its de- signation, as exhibiting the figure of a baby or child. But this is a mere fancy. For the name, as well as the coin, existed before his reign. We must there- fore rest satisfied w ith ISIr Pinkcrton's derivation, " The billon coin," he says, " worth six pennies Scotish, and called bas-picce, from the first question- able shape in which it appeared, being of w hat the French call bas-billon, or the worst kind of billon, %vas now (in the reign of James VI.) struck in cop. jjer, and termed, by the Scotish pronunciation, bazs- bec.'^ Essay on INIedals, ii. 109. BABIE-PICKLE, s. The small grain, which lies in the bosom of a larger one, at the top of a stalk of oats. S. From Babie, a child^ an infant, and pickle, or puckle, a grain. V. Pickle. I need scarcely say, that this designation, as it is perfectly descriptive, contains a very beautiful allusion. To BACHLE. V. Bauchle, BACK, s. An instrument for toasting bread a- bove the fire. It resembles a girdle in form ; but it is much thicker, and made of pot-metal. S. Germ. Belg. back-cn, to bake. Backbreau, s. a kneading-trough. Belg. back, id. Back, s. a large vat used for cooling liquors. S. " That they had also at work ten wa.sh.-backs, each containing from 10,000 to 15,000 gallons. BAD That the bacts were about 120 inches deep." State, Leslie of Powis, &c. 1805. p. 166, 168. Belg. bak, a trough. BACK, Backing, s. A body of followers, or supporters. " Thereafter Mr Pym went up, with a number at his baek to the higher house ; and did accuse Thomas Karl of Strali'ord, Lord Lieutenant of Ire- land, of higli treason : and required his person to be arrested till probation uiiglit bo heard ; so Mr Pym and his back were removed." Baillic's Lett. i. 2i 7. From A.S. bac, baec, Su.G.^o^-, tergum. V. Bavaud. Backcast, s. a relapse into trouble ; or sdme- thjng that retards the patient's recovery. S. Backcaw, s. The same as hackcast. S. Only the latter is formed by means of the ii. cast^ the other by that of ccroi, q. v. Backlins, adv. Backwards; zs, to gae lacihns, to go with the face turned opposite to the course one takes ; S. A. S. baecli?ig, Isl. back- lengis, Su.G. baeilaenges, id. V. the termina- tion LiKG. Back-sey, s. V. Sey. Backset, s. Whatsoever causes a relapse, or throws one back in any course. S. " It may be well known to you fioui scripture, that the people of God have got many backacls one after another; but the Lord has waited for their ex- tremity, which he will make his opportunity." AVodrow's Hist. ii. 555. In sense it is nearly allied to Tent achtcrs/el, re. mora, achterUdl.cn, postponerc, reraorari, literally, to put back. Backspang, s. A trick, or legal quirk, by which one takes the advantage of another, after the latter had supposed every thing in a bar- gain or settlement to be finally adjusted, from back and spang, to spring. To Backspeir, -v. a. To inquire into a report or relation, by tracing it as far back as possi- ble ; also, to cross-question, to examine a wit- ness with a retrospective ^^ew to his former evidence, S. from back, retro, and speir. V. Spere. Backsprent, s. The back-bone, S. from back., and sprent, a spring j in allusion to the elastic power of the spine. BACKE, s. The bat. V. Bak. BACKINGS, -f. pi. Refuse of wool or flax, or what is left after dressing it, S. Sw. bakla I'm., to dress flax. " The ic(i§t was chiefly spun by old women, and that only from backings or nails, as they were not able to card the wool. Statist. Ace. (Aberdeen) xix. 207. In the manufacture of flax, it is properly the tow, that is thrown oft' by a second hackling, which is de- nominated buckings. This is someiimes made into sail-clofh, after being beaten in a mill and carded. BADE, pret. of Bide, q. v. BADE, Baid, s. 1. Delay, tarrying. But bade, without delay, L e. immediately. BAD He straik the fyrst but baid in the blasoune, Quhill horss and man bailie ilet the wattir doiine. Wallace, v. 267, MS. With outipi baid. Ibid, vii. 818, MS. Thus said the Kyng, and Uioneus but bade Vnto his wordis thys wyse ansuere made. Doug, yiigil, 215. 43. Als sone as scho beheld Eneas clothing. And oik the bed bekcnd, ano (pihilc weping, Studc musing in her mynd, and syne hut bade I'\l in the bed, and thir last wordis said. Ibid. 122. 55. V. Bide. 2. Place of residence, abode. Gl. Sibb. BADDERLOCK, Badderlocks, s. A spe- cies of eatable fucus, S. B.F ucus esculentus, Linn. The fishcrwomen go io the rocks, at low tide, and gather fucus esculentus, badderlock." P. Nigg, Aberd. Statist. Ace. vii. 207. " Eatable Fucus, Anglis. Badderlocks, Scotis." Lightfoot, p. 938. It is also called Henszcarc. In autumn this spe. cies of sea-weed is eaten both by men and cattle, in the north of S. BADDOCK, s. A name apparently given to the coalfish, or Gadus carb'onarius, Linn. Aberd. " There are great varieties of gray fish, called seaths, podlers and baddocks, which appear to be of one species." Aberd. Statist. Ace. xvi. 551. BADDORDS, s. pi. This term seems to sig- nify low raillery, or what is vulgarly called bathers, S. " Ye may be stown't awa' frae side some lad, " That's faen asleep at wauking of the fau'd." 'Tisnae sic thing, and ye're but scant of grace, To tell sic baddords till a bodie's face. Ross's llelenore, p. 57. I scarcely think it can be viewed as the same with Bodeicord, q. v. BADLYNG, s. " Low scoundrel." Pink. A wrogh to were a uobill scarlet goun. A badlj/ng,.{urvy Bg parsillit wcle with sable; — It may wele ryme, bot it aecordis nought. Pinkerton's S. P. Repr. iii. 125. A. S. Baedling signifies " a delicate follow, a ten- derling, one that lieth much in bed." Somn. This must therefore be rather referred to Franc, baudeling, casarius, a cottager, from bodcl, a cottage. BADNYSTIE, s. Thow barrant wit ouirset with fantasyis, — Schaw now thy schame, schaw now thy bad' nj/siie, Schaw now thy endite reprufe of rcthoryis. Palice of Honour, i. 1. This word, which Mr Pink, has loft for exjjlana. tioii, is perhaps a corr. of Fr. badinage, badinerie, trifies, silly stuff; from badin a fool, budincr, to trifle. C. B. bavjddjjn, homme do noant; Bullet. The sense of badinage agrees perfectly well with the rest of the stanza. BADOCH, s. Badoch avis marina magna nigricans. Sibb. Scot, p. 22. IT 2 BAG 13 A I BADRANS, Bathrons, s. A name for a cat, S. But Badruns be the back (he uther hint. Jh'iiri/noiie, I'.vcrf^rcci!^ i. 52. llfitliroii" for Riicf of scoarchcd menibcrs, Dolh fall a fulling, and meawing, While monkeys are the chesnnts chewing. Cu/vil's Mock Poem, P. i. p. .5(3. To BAE, V. n. To bleat, to cry as a sheep, S. Baa, E. Bae, s. The sound emitted in bleating, a bleat, S. Baa, E. And quhcn the lads saw thee so like a lonn, They bickert thee with mony a bac and bleit. Evergreen, ii. 28, st. 20. Harmonious music gladdens every grove, Wliile blealliig lainhkins from their [jartnls rove. And o'er the jilain the anxious mothers stray, Calling tiieir tender care with lioarser bae. Ramsay s Poems, i. 203. According to I'nilet, bee, in the language of Biscay, signifies bleating. He views it as a word formed from the sound. Fr. bee, id. To BAFF, v. a. To beat, to strike, V. Beff, v. Baff, Beff, s. A blow, a stroke, S. B. The lioUiu son|des, that were sae snell, Ifis back the) loiindcrt, mell for n\ell ; aiell for nu-11, and baff for baff, Till his hidellew about his lugs like cafl". Jamiesoifs Popiil. Balliuhj ii. 3S-2. Expl. in Gl. " a heavy stroke." Yc'vc set auld Scotia ou her legs. Lang had she lyen, witli beffs and llegs Bumbaz'd and diz/.ic. Dr Bealtie's Address, Rosi^s Helenore, vi. 2. A jog with the elbow, S. B. Fr. biiff'e, a stroke; Sh.G. buefw-a, Isl. bif-a, to move or shake, bifan concussion. BAGENIN, s. The name given to that inde- licate toying which is common between young people of different sexes on the harvest field, Fife. Probably of I''r. origin ; as allied to bageiiaiid-er to trifle, to toy, to dally with. BAGATY, Baggetv, s. The female of the lump or sea-owl, a fish, S. " Lumpus alter, quibusdam Piscis Gibbosus dic- tus. I take it to be tlie same which our fishers call the Ilush.Padle or Bugafj/; they say it is the female of the former." Sibb.'Fife, p. 126. " The fish caught here arc, cod, whiting, flounder, mackerel, baggeti/, sand-eel, crabs, and lobsters." Dysart, Fife, Statist. Ace. xii. 521. The name of hush seems allied to the Germ, name given it by Srhoncvelde seeluwss ; w hich appears to be the same with Tent, hcsse, felis, q. sea-cat. By the Greenlanders they are called Niphcts or Catjlsh. Pennant's Zool. iii. 103, 104. BAG-RAPE, ,f. A rope of straw or heath, double the size of the cross-ropes used in fast- ening the thatch of a roof. Tliis is kitiched to the cross ropes, then tied to what is called the pan-rape, and fastened with wooden pins to the easing or top of the wall on the outer side ; Ang. Isl. bagge, fascis ? BAGREL, s. A child ; Dumfr. Su.G. bagge, puer; wcUl-bage, puer qui grcgcim custodit, a herd-boy. V. Baich. BAY, r. A term applied to the sound caused by the notes of birds. And forthormore, to blasin this new day, Quhay niicht discryue the hirdis blisful ba^ ? Belyue on wing the liissy lark vjisprang, To salute (he brieht morow with hir sang. Doug, f'irgil, 452, 5. V. also 403, 17. Rudd. has overlooked this word. It can have no proper connexion with bae, bloating. Yet I have observed no word more nearly allied. BAICH, Baichie, s. A child. The term ra- ther betokens contempt. The crooked camschoch croyl, unchristen, they curse ;. Tliey bad that biiiih should not be but The (ilengore, Gravel, and the (Jut, And all the plagues that first were put Into Pandora's purse. Polwarrs Fljj/i/ig, JVttlson's Coll. P. iii. 13. Bnichie is still used in this sense, Perlhs. It was formerly used in Clydes. but is now nearly obso- lete. It may be allied to Gael, biiigh, love, affec- tion ,- or C. B. /j«c/i^?-e«, a boy. But it seems to have greater aflinity to TcwU bagh, id. Puer; per con- temptum dicitur, Kilian. Germ, ba/g, an infant ; 7ceclisel bulge, a supposititious child. V'erel. explains Isl. baelg-mord, as denoting the murder of a child in the womb of its mother, the destruction of the foetus in the uterus. V. XN'AcnrKU. To BAICHIE, v. a. To cough, S. B. BAIKIE, Bakie, s. The stake to which an ox or cow is bound in the stall ; Ang. This term occurs in S. Prov. ; " Better hand loose, nor bound to an ill baluc," Ferguson, p. 8. Sw, paalc, a stake, Seren. BAIKIE, s. A square vessel made of wood, for carrying coals to the fire; S. bucket. Loth. I know not, if this can have any aHinity to Isl. baeki, a vessel or cup, ol-baeki, a cup of beer. What originally signilied a vessel for the use of drinking, might afterwards bo used with greater lati- tude. BAIL, Baile, Bayle, Ball, Bele, Belle, j. 1. A flame, or blaze of whatever kind, or for what purpose soever. And p}k, and ter, als liailfthai lane; And l}nt, and herdis, and bryntstane; And dry treyis that Weill wald brin ; And mellyt athir othir in : And gret fagaldis tharott" thai maid, Gyrdyt with irne bandis Ijraid. The fagaldis weill mycht mesuryt be Till a gret townys q\iantite. The fagaldis br) nnand in a ball. With tliair cran (houcht till awaill ; And gift" the Sow come to the wall To lat it brynnand on hyr fall. - Barbour, xvii. 619. MS. Baill, edit. 1 620, p. 344. This is evidently meant. DAI For tJie iliyme requires that (he word be souniKil as baill. TuiOiii/s is hero substituted from IMS. for towri/s; edit. 1020, itiiiiws, i. e. tiie size or weight of a tun. 2. A bonfire. Ther folo me a ferde of fendes of hclle. Tliey liurle mo unkeudoley, thai har;neiiic in liighl. In bras, and in brymston, I bren as a Mle. Sir Gitwaii and Gal. i. 15. I can scarcely think that the allusion is to a funer- al pile. in the fame sense arc we to understand tliat passage: ^Vhen thav iiad beirit lyk bailit bullis, And brauc-wode brynt in bailh. Clir. 'Kirk, st. 23. ■ INIrTytler hits the general sense,, explaining j/i Oails as fc(|uivalent to " in Dauic ;" thougli it seems imnic- dialcly to mean boni'lircs. V^. Btiu, v. a. A lire kindled as a signal. " It is sone si)eidfull, that thuir be coist maid at thf eist passa^i-, bcliiix Roxburgh & Herwyk. And tliat it be walkit at cortane fuirdis, the qiihilkis gif mister be, sail iiiak laikiiingis be /uiilis biniing & fyre. — Ajh" b;iil is warning of tliair cumming, ^c. Acts Ja. \U 1455. r. 53. edit. 1566. The taikvnn^ng, or the bclc of fyre Rais fra the Kingos schip vpbirnand schirc. Doug. I'irgil, 47. 30. 4. Metapli. for (he flames of love, or perhaps for those irregular desires that do not deserve this name. At luvis law a ([iihyle 1 thenk to loit. — Of maiiiige to mell, w ith mowtiiis meit, In secret plaee, (piliair wo ma not bo senc. And so with birds biythly my bailis beit : O yov, th, be glaid in to thy llowris grene. Ilciirj/.tone, Baiuiatj/ne Poems, p. 132. It ought to bo observed, however, that the same expression occurs in O. E. where dalj/s denotes sor- rows. Her, he seyde, corny th my leraraan sTvete, Sche mvghtc me of my bali/s bete, Yef that ladv wold. LatiiifuL Ritsoirs E. M. R. i. 212. A.S. bftel, Su.d. baa/j denote a funeral pile; A. S. bael-fyr, the fire of a funeral pile ; bael-bli/se, the flame or blaze of a funeral pile. But Isl. baal signilics, not only rogns, but llamma vehemens, a strong lire in general ; and bacl-rt, to bnrn. Odin is called Balci/ciir, rogi auctor, which G. Andr. con- siders as ccjuivalent to, fiilniiiium moderator. If Odin, as this writer asserts, be the same v.ith Ju- piter ; this character must be parallel to that of Jupiter Tonans. V. next word. BAYLE-rYRE, s. A bonfire. Than thai gart tak that woman brycht and scheyne, Accusyt hir sar of rcsctt in that cass : Feyll syiss scho suour, that scho knew nocht AVal- las. Than Dutler said, AVe wait weyle it was he. And bot thuu tell, in bai/lejyre sail thou de. Wallace, iv. 718. jNIS. This is the very phrase in Su.G., used to denote ca- pital punishment by burning. I baale brenna, sup. plicii genus est in nostris legibus occurrens; quo B A Y noxii ultricibus flammis comburcndi dcdebantur; Hire. Jlence, by a change of tlie letters of the same or- gans, our bane/ire and E. bonjire, wliicli Skiiiiicr wildly derives from La(. bonus, or Fr. boii, q. d. bonus, vol bene ominalus, ignis ; Fr. box feu. A. S. buel-fyrc originally denoted the fire with which the dead were burnt ; hence it gradually came to signify any great lire or blaze. As AloosG. balu--ja/i signifies to torment, Luk. xvi. 23. ; the Scripture still exhibiting the sufterings of the eternal state under the idea of lire ; Junius conjoctures, with great probability, that there had been some word in AloesG. corresponding to A.S. 6«c/, rogus, ineendium. Jiciel fyre is the very word used by Caedmon, in expressing the com- mand of God to Abraham to present his son as a burnt oll'ering. Thesame writer says, that iXobuchad. nez/ar cast tlie three children in f;ael-bli/se, 1( is evident (hat the custom of burning (he dead anciently prevailed among the Northern iia'.ions, as well as the CJreeks and Romans. The authqr of Yngliiina Saga, ])ublished by Snorro Stiirleson in his History of llio Kings of Norway, ascribes (he in(ro. duction of this practice to Odin, after his settlement in the North. Rut he views it as borrowed from the Asiatics. " Odin," he says, " enforced these laws in his own dominions, which were formcrl)' ob- served among the inhabitants of Asia. Ho enjoined (hat all the dead should be burnt, and (hat their good.* should be brought to the funeral pile with them ; promising that all the goods, thus burnt with them, should accompany them to Walhalla, and that there they should enjoy what belonged to them on earth. Ho ordeieJ (hut (he ashes should be (lirown info the sea, or be buried in (he earth ; bu( (hat men, remark- able for their dignity and virtue, should have nionu. ments erected in memory of (hem ; and (hat those, A\ ho were distinguished by an)' great action, should have gravestones, called Baulasteina." Yngl. Sag. c. 8. Sturleson speaks of (wo distinct ages. '• The firs(,'' ho says, " was called Bruna-aullu ((he age of funeral piles), in which it was customary to burn all the dead, and to erect monuments over them, called Baulasteina. But after Freyus was buried at Up- sal, many of the great men had graves as well as mo- numents. From the time, honever, that Danus ]\likillati, the gieat king of the Danes, caused a tomb to be made for him, and gave orders that he should be buried with all the ensigns of royalty, with all his arms, and with a great part of his riches, many of his posterity followed his example. Hence, the age of Graves ( Haugs-olld) had its origin in Denmark. But the age of Funeral piles continued long among the Swedes and Normans." Pref. to Hist. p. 2. According to the chronology prefixed to Sturle. son's history, Freyus was born A. 65 before Christ, He is said to have been one of those appointed by Odin to preside over (he sacrifices, and in latler times accounted a God. Ynglinga Sag. c. 4. Danus iMikillati was born A. D. 170. The same distinction seems to have been common among the Nor.vegians in ancient times. Hence we find one Atbiorn, in an address to ilacon the Good, on occasion of a general couvention of the people, B A I BAY dividing tlie time past into the age of Funeral Piles, and (hat of Grares. Saga Hakoiiar. c. 17, Of Namia, ihc wife of Balder, it is said, Var hot bnriii a bulit ok tlrgi/ i vlldi ; Ivlda Saoniiiiul. " She M"as borne to the funeral pile, and cast into the fire."' It is a fact not generally known, that the inhuman custom, wliich prevails in Jlindoslan, of burning wives with their husbands, was eouinion among the Northern nations. Not only diil it exist among the Thracians, the Jleruli, among the inhabitants of I'o. land and of Prussia, during their heathen state, but also among the Scandinavians. Sigrida was unwil. ling to live with P^ric, King of Sweden, because the law of that country required, that if a wife survived her husband, she should -be entombed with him. Now she knew that he could not live ten years long. 6r ; because, in his combat with Styrbiorn, he had TOwed that he would not ask to live more than ten years from that time, if he gained the victory ; Oddo, Vit. Olai Trvgguason. It ajjpcars, however, that widows were not burnt alive : but that, according to the ciistoni of the country, they previously put them- selves to death. The following reason is assigned for the introduction of this horrid law. It was be- lieved, that their nuptial felicity w oiild thus be conti. nued after death in AValhalla, w hich was their heaven. V. Bartholin, de Causis Contempt. Mortis. 506, — SIO. BAILCH, s. Ross's Helenore. V. Belch. BAILLE, J. A mistress, a sweetheart, j^nd other quhill he Ihocht on his dissailf. How that hys men was brocht to confusioun, Throw his last luff he had in Saynct Jhonstoun. Than wald he think to lilfand lat our slyde : t3ot thatthocht lang in hys mynd ni) cht nocht byd. lie lauld Kcrle off his new lust)' bailie, Syne askit h) m off his trew best consaill. IValluce, V. 617. MS. Fr. belle, id. It does not, however, appear quite certain, that bailie may not here be a metaphorical use of the word signifying ablaze; as in modern times a lover speaks of his Jlame. BAILLIE, Bailie, Bailyie, i . A magistrate, who is second in rank in a royal burgh, S. synon. with alderman, E. Thair salbe sene the frandfull failycis Of Schireffis, Prouestis, and oi Bailjjcis. Lindsafs Warkiy, 159'2. p. 160. 2. The Baron's deputy in a burgh of barony ; cal- led baro?i-latUe, S. '• I (iiid no vestiges of any magistrates which have been invested with the powers bf the burgh, except the bailifV of barony ; who, in former times, before the hereditar) jurisdictions were taken away, had an extensive jurisdiction both in criminal and civil cases. We have still a baron-bailie, who is nominated by the lord of the-manor. But the power of life and death is i\ot now attached to any barony. IIu can, within the bounds of his jurisdiction, enforce the payment of rents to any amount, and decide in dis- putes about money affairs, provided the sum do not exceed L. '2 Sterling. The debtor's goods may be distrained for payment, ami, if not sufiicient, ho may be imprisoned for one month. He can, for small of- fences, fmc to the amount of 20s., and put delin. quents into the stocks in the day-time for the space of three hours." P. Falkirk, Stirl. Statist. Ace. xix. 88. Balij in O. E. denotes government. Sir Jon of Warrene he is chef justise. Sir Ilenrj Percy kepes Galwaye. Thise two had baly of this londes tueye. 7i. Bnniiie, p. 280. Our term is evidently from Fr. bailie, an olllcer, a magistrate; L. B. batii'-us. As bajul-tis and huil- «/« denote a judge or praetor, it has been supposed that bailiviis and bailli are to be traced to this origin, V. Diet. Trev. vo. Bailli. Baillierie, Bayllerie, Bailiary, s. The extent of a baillie's jurisdiction. " And do hereby grant full pow cr and commission to the sheriff-principal of Air and his deputies, (he Bailie-Depute of the Bailiary of Cuningham, and commanding olKcers of the forces, — to meet upon the place, and to enquire into the. said violence." Wodrow, ii. 236. 2. Sometimes the extent of the jurisdiction of a SherifF. — " That ilk schiref of the realme sould gar wa- pinschawing be maid foure tyraes ilk yeir, in als niony places as war speidfull within his Baillierie." Acts Ja. I. 1-125. c. 67. edit. 1500. BAYNE, Bane, adj. l. Ready, prepared ; Moray, Scho ansuerd him rycht resonably agayne. And said, I sail to your seruice be batjne, AVith all plesance, in honest causs haill. And I trast yhe wald nocht set till assail!. For your worschipe, to do me dyshonour. IVallace, v. 680. MS. Banc, edit. 1048. O ye doure pepill discend from Dardaiius, The ilke ground, fra quham the first stok came Of your l)i\nage, with biyith bosum the same Sail } ou ressaue, tliidder returnyng aganc To seik your auld moder mak you bane. Dong. I'irgil, 70. 32. Quhcn I bid stryk, to seruice be thow ba/ie. JVallaee, ix. 131. MS. Thair fure ane man to the holt, And wow gif he was fane ! He brankit like ane colt ; For w'owand he was bane. Janiieson's Popular Ball. i. 343. " Bound, ready," Gl. In this sense the word occurs in I'waiiie and Gai:in. Thai soght overal him to have slaj-n To venge thair lorde war thai fill bui/n. V. 760. Rilson's E. M.R. i. 33. 2. Alert, lively, active. The renk raikit in the saill, riale and gent, That wondir w isly wes w roght, with w ourschip and wele, The berne besel) and bane blenkif hym about. G await and Gol. i. 6. Ane Duergh braydit about, besily and bane. Small birdis on broche, be ane brigh fyre. Ibid. St. 7. I B A I B A I i. c. A dwarf dili£;cntly and cleverly turned a spif. In botli tliese places, however, the word is used adverbiully ; as in the following passage. Be that his men the tothir twa had slayne ; Thar horss thai tiik, and graithit thaiin full bayne Out off the touuc, for dyner baid thai navne. Wallace, v. 766. MS. Rudd., TO. Bane, says ; " Perhaps for hnun, luefri causa." But the word retains its proper form, as well as its original signification. Isl. bcin-u, espe- dirc, aliciijus negotium vel iter promovere : X.andnam. Gl. But although not changed from boini, it is un- doubtedly allied to it ; as originating from Su.G. bo, ancienti}- bu-a, preparare, of which the jj«;7. is hocn, whence our boiiii. V. Bene. Baynly, adv. Readily, cheerfully. All Scotlis wc ar that in this place is now, At your coramaund all bai/nli/ we sail bow. iVallucc, xi. 690. MS. Perth edit. /)%n(y/ edit. 1648, bohllj). BAYNE, " Forte, a kind of fur," Rudd. The burgfs bringis in his buith the broun and the blak, Byand bescly baj/ne, buge, beuer and bvce. Dong. J'irgil, 'hs. b. 12. It seems very doiiblfnl, however, if this be not merely the ))hrase quoted above under the adj., with- out the conj. q. besiljj and bayne. BAIR, Bare, s. A boar. " lie (Alexander I.) dotat the kirk of Sanct An- dros with certane landis namit the Bairrink, because anc bair that did gret iniuris to the pepyll was slane in the said foiUI." Bcllond. Cron. 15. xii. c. 15. Apricursus ab apro immeu.sac niagnitudinis ; Boeth. The quhethir he had thair, at that ned. Full feill that war douchty of deid ; And barbwnys that war bauld as bar. Barbour, ii. 233. MS. Fed tuskit barh, and fat swjne in sty, Sustenit war be raannis gouernance ! Doug. Virgii, 201 . 32. What Bdlenden calls the Buirrink is by AVyntown denominated the Bunjs raj/k. V. Raik, s. Not race, as the term is explained Gl. Wynt. For this does not correspond to rayk. Air Macpherson has given the true sense of the term elsewhere, " course, range;" fromSu.G. 7-«/;rt, cursitare; reka, racka, to roam. A. S. bar, Germ, hacr, Lat. vcrr-es, kl. As our ancestors called the ho3.r bare, by a curi- ous inversion the bear is universally denominated by the vulgar a boar, S. Shall we view this as a vestige of the ancient Northern pronunciation ? Su.G. biorn, Isl. bcorn, usus. Ihre observes, that the inhabitants of the North alone retain the final n in this word. BAIRD, s. A poet or bard ; in our old laws contemptuously applied to those strolling rhy- mers who were wont to oppress the lieges. — " That sik as makes themselves Fules and ar Bairdes, or uthers siklike runners about, being ap- prehended, be put in the Kingis waird or irones, sa lang as thay have ony gudes of thair awin to live on." Acts Ja. VL 1379. 'c. 74. C. B. bardh, bardd, Gael, and Ir. bard^ id. ; Jr. bar- das a satire, .i song; Arm. bardd, a comedian, Lat. bard-uf, a poet among the Britons or Gauls. Germ. bar is a provinc. term for a song ; bar.en., cantare, a general term. Wachter derives it from bacr-en, at- tollere. But more probably it has been left by the Gauls, or borrowed from them. From this word, or E. bard, a dimin. has been formed by later writers, bardic ; but without any sanction from antiquity. BAIRMAN, s. A bankrupt, who gives up all his goods to his creditors; synon. with Dyvour, Skene ; Ind. Reg. Maj. " He quha sould be made Bairman, sail swerc in court, that he hcs na gudes nor gere, attour fine schillings and ane plak. And that he sail nocht rc- tene to him self, of all his wonning, and |irofife fra that da)', in anie time coming, bot twa pennies for his meat and claith : and he sail giue ilk third pennie for payment of his debt." Stat. William, c. 17. § 1. Apparonth fiom bare, q. bonis nudalus; although Skene says that, according to Alciatus, one of this description was obliged to sit naked on '■• anc cauld stane ;" to. Dyvour. Bare, S. and old E., is used for poor ; as in Germ. bar. BAIRN, Barve, s. a child ; not only denoting one in a state of childhood, but often one advan- ced in life; as implying relation to a parent; S. Na lust to lirt'e langarc seik I, — Bot for an thraw desyre I to lest here, Turnus slauchter and deith with me to here, As glaid tythingis vnto my child and barne, Amang the goistis law and skuggis derne. Doug, nrg/l, 367. 13. " Barnis (sais Sanct Paul) obey your father and mother in all pointis, for this is Gods command." Ahp. Ilamiltoun's Catcchismc, 1531. Fol. 44. b. It occurs in O. E. The barne was born in Bethlero, that with his blode shal saue Al that line in faith, & folowe his felowes teching. P. Ploughman, F. 93. a. Thider he went way, to sc hir & hir barn. R. Brunnc, p. 310. MoesG. barn, Alem. Germ. id. from bair-an, ferre, gignere, procreare ; A. S. beam. V. Bern. Bairnheid, j-. Childishness. Quhen udir folkis dois tlattir and fenye, Allace ! I can bot ballattis breif ; Sic bairnheid biddis my brydill renye ; Excess of thocht dois me mischeif. Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 65. V. Heid. Bayrnis-bed, s. " The matrix. Similar phrases in common use are, calfs-bed, lambs bed.'' Gl. Compl. S. " I sau muguart, that is gudc for the suffocatione of ane vomans bayrnis hcd." Compl. S. 104. But the author of the Gloss, thinks it should be bed. Bayrnis lied, he says, " may possibly have been used to denote child-bed. — In the Legend of St Margrete, childe-hcd occurs in this sense, if it be not an error of the copyist." The following is the passage refer- red to. There ich finde a wiif. That lizter is of barn. B A I Y com thor also sonc, As euor ani arn : Zif it bo uiiblistod, Y croke it fot or arm ; Other the Aviif her sehicii Of childchcd be forfarn. 67.11.311. i. c. She dies in consequence of child-bearing. This seems to be merely an improper use of A. S. cild-had, infancy. In A. S. the ma(rix is called citd. hama, that is, the covering of the child. Bairnly, s. Childish, having the manners of a child; S. With such brave thoughts they throng in through the port, Thinking the jilay of fortune huintc/jj sport; And as proud peacocks witli their plumes do prank, Alongst the bridge they mercho in battle rank. Muses Tlireii. p. 116. Sw. bantsl/g, id. Bairnliness, s. Childishness. S. Bairntyme, Barne-teme, s. Brood of children, all the children of one mother ; S. A. Bor. llaill ! Blessit mot thou be For thy banic /erne. IToulate iii. 7. MS. And Oh! how well I thought if a' Was wair'd, as well I might, While wi' my bonny huirnliinc I Seemed a' his heart's delight. Lndi/ Jane, Jtnnicsun's Popular Ball. ii. SI. Thae bouic hairnthnc, Ilcav'n has lent, Still higher may (hey heezc yc In bliss, till fate some day is sent For ever to release yc Frae care that day. Biinif:, iii. 96. U. Brunnc uses /cnm by itself, p. 20. After l''dbaldi! com F.tlieII)ert his cam, Adehvolfe's brother, of Egbrihte's /cam. A. S. bcarn.team, liberorum sobolis procrcatio : Scolis, says Lye, bcariilime, posterity ; from A. S. beam child, and team ofl'spring. Bairns-woman, J'. A child's maid, a dry nurse; S. BAIS, adj. Having a deep or hoarse sound ; E. bate. The bais (rumpct with aue bludy soun The signc of batel blew ouer all the (oun. Dong. Virgil, 380. 20. Buccina rauca, Virg. Literally it signifies low, Fr. bus. Her nose baas, her browes hye. Gowi'r, Cu/if. Am. V. 17. a. BAISDLIE, adv. In a state of stupefaction or confusion. ■ Amaisdiic and baisdlic, Uicht liissilie thay ran. BureVs I'ilg., Watson's Coll. ii. 20. V. Bazkd. BAISE, s. Haste, expedition, S. B. Su.G. bas-a, citato gradu ire, currere, Hire. To BAISS, V. a. To sew slightly ; S. This is merely a corr. of E. baste, from Fr. baslir, to make long stitches. B A K To BAIST, V. a. To defeat, to overcome, S. B. As the same word has (he sense of K. baste, to beat, instead of deriving it as Johns, does, fron» Fr. bastoitiicr, I would trace it directly to Isl. bcijst. a, haiist-a, id. caedere, ferire; from Su.G. bas-a, id. Baist, s. One who is struck by others, espe- ciallj in the sports of children ; S. B. The Isl. phrase has considerable analogy ; Bcria oc bcifsta, serviliter tractare ; Vcrel. Baistin, s. a drubbing, S. from E. and S. haste., to beat. BAIT, s. A Boat. V. Bat. To BAYT, V. n. 1. To feed, to pasture; GI. Sibb. 2. In an active sense, to give food to, The King, and his uienye, To Wcnehburg all cumniyn ar. Thar lychtyt all that thai war, To baijt thar horss, that war wer) . And Douglas, and his cumpany, Baijlijl alsua bcsid thaim ncr. Barbour, xiii. 589. .jgi. ]\IS. Dr Johnson strangely derives the v. Bail from abate • whereas it is evidently from A. S. bat.an, inescare. But perhaps we have the word in a more original form in Isl. beit-a, to drive cattle to pasture, pas- tum agcre pecus, G. Andr. : whence belt, feeding, pasture; hrossabcil, the baiting of a horse. By the way, 1 may observe that Johnson also er- roneously derives Bait, to set dogs on, from Fr. bait', re; while (he word is retained in the very same sense in Isl. beit-a, incitare, ad beil-a hundana, instigare canes. Baittle, adj. Rich with grass, affording ex- cellent pasturage ; Ettrick Forest. This seems merely a derivative froui the preceding T. Isl. beit signifying pasture, baittle, c|. beittlc, may have been formed by /e, a note of derivation. V. Wachter, Proleg. Sect. 6. BAIVEE, J. A species of whiting. " Assellus argentci coloris, squamosus, W^hitingo major; our lishers call it (he Bailee.'''' Sibbald, Fife, 123. Gadus ^lerlangus, 2. Linn. BAK, Backe, Bakie-bird, s. The bat, S. Vp gois the bak with hir pelit leddrcu tlicht. The. larkis discendis from (he sky is hicht. Doug. Virgil, 419. 37. The sonnys licht is naucr the wers, traist me, Allthochte (he bak his bricht beames doith fie. Ibid. 8. 49. Vespcrtilio, Virg. Douglas has a similar allu- sion elsewhere. For to behald my sicht micht not indurc, Mair nor the bricht souc may (he bakkis ce. Palire of Honour, i. 37. " The storke also, the heron after his kinde, and (he lapwing, and the b(dcc.'" Lev. xi. 19. Bassan- d} no's Bible, 1570. The modern name in S. is backie-bird. Su.G. nailbacku, nallbaka, id. from natt night, and backa. Dan. aflen bakkc., from af/en evening. As this aui- nuil is in K. doiioniiMated the rcarmoi/ye, one uiight sup[(ose, from the api'.ari'nt analogy, that /;«(,7,v were to be understood in the sense of retro. But the bat B A L B A L •seems to be callod in A. S. Jiicronus, fromhrer.nn, a^itare; as equivalent to another of its names, y/;V/fr. BAKGARD, s. A rear-guaid. Tlie Erie JMalcom he bad byd witli tlie.staill, To folow tliaim, a bakgwd for to be. JVallacc, ix. 1742. MS. B AKIE, s. The black headed gull, Larus mari- nus, Linn. Orkn. and Shetland. BAKIE, s. The name given to one kind of peat, S. " When brought to a proper consistence, a wo. man, on each side of the line, kneads or bakes this paste, into masses, of the shape and size of i)eats, and spreads them in rows, on the grass. — From the man- ner of the operation, these peats are called Bakies.^' Dr Walker, Prize Essays, llighl. Soc. S. ii. 121. BAKIE, s. A stake. V. Baikie. BAKIN-LOTCH, j-. Some sort of bread, most probably of an enticing quality. For there was nowther lad nor loun MLcht eat a bakin.lotch. Evergreen, ii. 180. st. M. Tout, lock-en, to entice, lock.aes, a bait. BAKSTER, Baxster, s. A baker, S. " Bdksters, qiiha baikcs bread to be saiild, sonid Eiake quhite bread, and well baiken, conforiiie to tlie consuetude and approbati<)i\ of honest men of tlie burgh, as the time sail serve." Burrow Lawes, c. C7.B(Linlcr, c. 21. " Syne there were proper stewards, cunning bax- icrit, excelleitt cooks and potingars, with confections and druggs for their deserts." Pitscotlie, p. 147, quoted by Pennant, as " Sir David Lindsay of the I\Ionnt." Tour in S- 17G9, p. 120, 121. V.'Buow. STBK. iBAKISTAN, J'. Follower, a retainer- Sen hunger now gois \i[) and down, And na gud for the jakmen ; The lairds and Uulyes ryde of the touu, For feir of hungeric bakmvn. Maitluml Poemit, p. 1 S£>. From hack, behind. The term backmen is used, but in a difterent sense, in some of the sea ports of Angus, to denote those porters who carry coals a- shore from the lighters on their backs. V. Back. BAL, Ball; the initial syllable of a great many names of places in Scotland. It is generally understood as signifying the place, or town, from Ir. and Gael, buile, ball, id. But it is well known, that the vowels are often changed, while the word is radically the same. Now, the Su.G. and Isl. 60/ has the very same meaning; do- niicilium, sedes, vHla; Ihre. Notwithstanding the change of the vowel, the Gothic appears to have the preferable claim. For ball in Ir. and Gael, seems to be an insulated term, not connected with any other, admitting of no derivation, and itself having no derivatives. But Su.G. and Isl. bol is from bo, bo.a, bit. a, MoesG. baii.aii, to dwell ; and has a great many cognates ; as bo, bod, byle, a house, or in a compound state, hybyle, nybijle, tibyle, id. ; bo an inhabitant, bokarl, a peasant, bohtg, society, &c. As the G oths cotild not in such circnmstat>ccs be sup. posed to borrow from the Irish or Highlanders of Scotland; it may be supposed that the Irish borrow, ed their term from the colony of Firbolg, or Belgae, w ho in an early period settled in Ireland. BALAS, s. A sort of precious stones, according to Urry, brought from Balassia in India. Her goldin haire and rich atyre, In fretwise couchit with pearlis quhite And grete bulus, lemyng as the fyre. King's Qiiair, ii. 27. No saphire in Inde, no rube rich of price, There lacked then, nor emeraud so grene, Bales 'J'urkes, ne thing to my deuice, That may the castel maken for to shene. ChaiiLrr, Court of Love, v. 80. Fr. hrtliiis^ a sort of baslard ruby. BALAX, s. A hatchet, Aberd'. A.S. hille, Isl. byla, Su.CJ. bil, bita, sccuris, an axe : properly one of a large size, such as that used for felling trees. Verel., however, renders Isl. bo~ li/xe, securis major ad truncanda ligna; and Ihre derives Su.CJ. baalyxa, bolyxa, from i«a/ ingens, and yxa securis. BALBEIS, J./)/. Halfpence. The stableris gettis na stabil fics ; The hyre wouu'n gettis na. balheis. Muitfaiid -Poems, \i. 182. V. Babie. BALD, Bauld, adj. 1. Bold, intrepid, S. Hemy tiian Ktn;; of luglaud— Had a swiie than NN illanu' cald, That wes a stowt man and a bald. Jl'ijnlotcn, vii. 5. 198. For mais or bnrdoun arrayit wele at rycht, Quha has thereto reddy bald sprete lat se. Doug. I'irgil, 139. 47. This idiom, according to which the adj. has the indefinite article [jrelived, without the subst., which has been jireviously mentioned, is still much used, esjiecially S. B. This is the proper and original sense of the word. But it is vulgarly used in several oblique senses. 2. Irascible, of a fiery temper, S. Venus to«art the Troiane side tirke tent, Aganis quham all full of matalent Saturnus doiicliter Juno, that full bald \s Towart the partye aduersare behaldis. Doug. Virgil, 347. 4. As there is no epitliet in the original, bald may perhaps signify haughty, imperious, in which sense it is also used, S. Then Jeany smil'd ; said, You're beguil'd, I canna fancy thee : My minny bauld, she wou'd me scauld ; Sae dinna die for me. A. Xicol's Poems, p. 32. V. Bardach. 3. Pungent to the taste, or keenly affecting the organ of smelling, S. In this sense mustard, horse-radish, &c. are said to be bauld. 4. Certain, assured. The bevar lioir said to this berly berne, This breif thow sail obey sone, be thou bald. Henrysone, Bannatync Poems, p. 133. B A L The word occurs in (he same sense, in Ywuinc and Gawin. Tliis ilk knifjhf, (hat be ye /wide, AVas lord and kfjjor of thai hald. Vcr. \r,9. R/f son's Melr. Rom. v. 1. 5. It is also used, in a very oblique sense, as sig- nifying, bright. " A //(lid moon, ijuoth Benny Cask, aiiolhcr pint quoth Lesley;" S. I'rov. " spolven wlnu |ieo|)le en- courage thcuiselves to stay a little longer in the ale- house, because (hey have moon-light." Kelly, p. 53. A.^.l/u/d, bcaUl, Aleni. Su.G. Germ, [lald, Isl. I'/ild-tir, lta\. L(ild-o, bold; O. Fr. bcmldc, impudent, insolent, (rop hardic en paroles, Gl. Kom. Hose, due derives Su.G. bald from bacll-a, valerc, which has been viewed as the origin of E. able, q. ec baelle, )iossum. Bald, as used in (he sense of assured, is a Germ, idiom : bald, confisus, et coiifidenter ; Gl. Lips, baldo, fiducialiter ; Gl. Boxhorn, baldliliho, confidenter ; Belg. bout spreken, cum fiducia et ani- mositatc loqui ; Wachtcr. Isl. ball-r, bald-ur, strcnuus, ferox, is Yiewed as the same with Balldr, Balldiir, the name given to Odin, one of the deities of the ancient Goths ; Krist- nis. Gl. G. Andr. derives the latter from Baa/ or Belus, which signifies a friend, a lord, or husband. He refers to the Phenician or Hebrew. As the Cel- tic nations had their Bel or Beli/s, it is not unlikely that the Goths might bring with them, from the East, the same object of idolatrous worship. Several of the names of Gothic deities have been lirought into use as adjectives. Thus Od.r, the Isl. name of Odin, signifies also furious, (S. zcod,) like a furious Sibyl. The reason of this application of the term, as assigned by G. Andr. is, that the Sibyl jtourcd forth verses, under the pretended inspiration of Odr, (he Apollo of the Goths. it seems uncertain, whether Frea, the wife of Odin, and the Venus of the North, received this name from her beauty ; or whether, because of her celebrity in this respect, her name came afterwards to be used adjectively ; as Germ, frei/ signifies pulcher, a- niabilis, beautiful, lovely. To Bald, v. a. To imbolden. Than schame and dolour, mydlit bayth ouer ane, Baldis the pepil yii\hude euer ilkane To the bargane aganis thare inemyes. Doug'. Virgil, 330, 25. This vmb is formed from the adj. BALDERRY, s. Female handed orchis, a plant, S. Orchis maculata, Linn. " Female handed orchis, Anglis. Balderry, Scotis." Lightfoot, p. 5n. BALK and BURRAL. " The hills and heath ground being ridged, ap. pear to have been under cullivation at some former period, at least that partial kind of it called balk and burral, which consisted of one ridge very much raised by the plough, and a barren space of nearly the same extent, alternately." P. Turret!', Aberd. Statist. Ace. xviii. 404. For Balk, V. Bank, 2. The only word that re- sembles Burral, is Isl. alhtird.ur, divisio agrorum i^tcr vicinos per restiiu facta ; Vercl. q. by trans- B A L positron, lurdal ; from ula thong, and perhaps bur: hijrd, a village, a field. BALDERDASH, s. Foolish and noisy talk, j)onred out with great fluency, S. This word is also E. and derived by Dr .Tohnson. from A. S. bald bold, and dath. 1 mention it merely to suggest, that perhaps it is allied to isl. bitlldtir, susurroniim blateratio vel slultoium bal- buties, (i. Andr. p. 42. BALEN. V. Pauis. BALYE, s. " The Lord Fleming, who commanded tbc castle \oi Dunbarton,] hearing the tumult, lied to the neafhcr Balijc, (so they call the jiart by which they descend to the river) and escaped in a little boat." Spotswood, p. 252. Probably from Fr. bailies, a term used by Froiss- art, as signifying barricadoes. Bailies dcs murs, the curtains; Diet. Trev. It seems doubtful, in- deed, whether this be meant of the i)f((//e, " a space on the oiUside of the ditch commonl)' surrounded by strong palisades, and sometimes by a low embattled wall ;" or the ballium, or bailey. Of these there were two, the inner and outer. They were pro- perly areas, separated from each other '•■ by a strong embattled wall and towered gate." The inner com- monly contained the houses and barracks for the garrison, the chapel, stables and hospital." Grose's- Military Antiq. i. 2, 3. BALLANT-BODDICE, s. Boddice made of leather, anciently worn bj- ladies in S. Fr. ha- leiics, "• whalebone bodies, French bodies." — Cotgr. The term is still used by old people, S . B . BALLING AR, Ballingere, s. A kind of ship, A bullingar olF Ingland, that was ihar. Past out off Tay, and com to M'hifbc far, To London send, and tauld olTall this cace, Till hyng JMorton wowyt had Wallace. Wallarc, ix. 1851. In MS. however, JVhi/tfe occurs for IVhi/bi/. Now is it hot ane frith in the sey tlude; Ane radevnsikkir for schi)) and ballingere. Doug. 1'irgil, Sy. 22. In an old MS. belonging to the Herald's Of- fice, quoted by Du Cange, it is said ; L'Arairal doit avoir I'administration de tous vaisseaux api)artenans "a la guerre, eoniine Barges, Galces, Ilorquees, Bal- linjers, et autres. AValsingham mentions (hem un.. der the same name ; and F'roissart, who v, rites ba/- laiigers, vol. iii. c. 41. BALOW. 1. A lullaby, S. " The editor of Select Scotish Ballads pretends, that in a quarto manuscript in his possession — there are two baloices, as they are there stiled, the first, The balozc, Allan, the second. Palmer's Balow ; this last, he says, is that commonly called Lady Bothwell's Lament." Ritson's Essay on S.|Jong, p. cix. N. 2. A term used by a nurse, when lulling her child. Balov:, my babe, ly stil and sleipc ! It grieves mo sair to see thee weipe. X., A. Bothiicll's Lament. B A N B A N ' It is supposed to be part of an old Fr. lullaby, Ba.v, Icloiip; or as the S. term is sometimes jno- iiounccd, halililoiv, q. 6fl?, la k toiip ; " lie still, there is the wolf," or " the wolf is coming." 1 find this written somewhat diflVrently, as the name of an old S. tune. " Followis ane sang of the birlh of Christ, with the tune of Bnw In la law." Godly Ballatcs, qiiotcd by Ritson ut sup. p. Ivi. BAJNIULLO, BoMULLO, Bomulloch. To make one /at/ch BamuHo, to make one change one's mirth into sorrow ; to make one cry. " I'll gar you laiich, sing, or dance, Bamullo, (for all the modes of expression are used), is a threat- ening used by parents or nurses, when their children are troublesome or. unseasonably gay, especially when they cannot be lulled to sleep ; Ang. Perths. It is pron. as with an a in Ang., with an o Perths. It is said to be coiiip. of two Celtic words. C. B. bic is terror, or that which causes it. The children in France, if we may bt lieve Bullet's information, cry boui when they wish to afiright their comrades •,j the very sound used in S. with a similar design, pron. bii, like Gr. v. Jr. and CTael. muhi, mulluch, pri. marily an eye.brow, is used to denote knotted or gloomy brows. Hence bo.mullach is equivalent to " the grisly ghost, the spectre with the dark eye. fcrows." To make one " sing or dance bo-mtillo," is thus to introduce the frightful ghost as his min- strel. It is said that the M[allocli\-, a branch of the tlan Macgregor, had their name from their api)ear- ance, as expressed bv the word explained above. The highlanders, indeed, according to my informa. tiouv call any man Malluch, who has gloomy brows. BANCHIS, s.p/. Bot quhen my bUlis and my banch/i was all selit, I wald na langer beir on brydil, bot braid up my held. Dtinbar, Muitlund Poems, p. 57. This term seems to mean deeds of settlement, or money deeds ; as we now speak of btink-nvfes, from Ital. banco a bank. Wc learn from Ihre, that Su.G. bunkcUop signifies tlie buying or selling of patrimo- nial goods between husband and wife. Instead of banchis, in edit. 1508 it is 6«uc/i/e*, which is still more unintelligible. BANCOURIS, s.pl. Braid burdis and benkis, ourbeld with bancouris of gold, Cled our with grenc clathis. Jloiila/e, iii. 3. MS. This seems to signify covers of gold. It may be a corr. of Teut. bcnickwerc, tapestry ; also, the co- vering of a stool or bench, subsellii stragulum, Ki- iian. Fr. banqiiier, '' a bench-cloth, or a carpet for a forme or bench :" Cotgr. BAND, s. Bond, obligation ; S. Thare may na band be maid sa ferm. Than thai can make thare will thare term. ITj/n/ozcn, ix. 25. 77. To male band, to come under obligation, to swear allegiance. This gud sq>iicr with Wallace bound to ryd. And Kobert Bold quhtlk weld no langar bide Vi\dir llirillage of segis of Ingland, To that falss King he had neuir maid band. IVcdlace, iii. 54. MS. BAND of a hill, the top or summit. Himself asCendis the hie band of the hill, By wentis strate, and passage scharp and wil. Doug, yirgil, 382. 4. Jngiim, Virg. Germ. 6«HH, summitas. Cluverius says; Excel, sarum rerum summitates dicimus pinnen, et singu- lari numero pin. Germ. Antiq. Lib. i. p. 197. This w ord seems to he of Celtic origin ; as con- sonant to pen, Gael. ben. From pen Wachter thinks that the Latins formed peninus, pcnninus, and apenninus ; whence iYic Apcnnine mountains. V. Wachter, vo. Pftn. BANDKYN, s. A very precious kind of cloth, the warp of which is thread of gold, and the woof silk, adorned with raised figures. For the banket mony rich claith of pall Was spred, and raony a bandhjn wounderly wrocht. Doug, f'irgil, 33. 15. Rudd. supposes, that " this should be baudkyn or baudekin, a kind of fine or glittering silk, which is mentioned, Stat. Ilenr. VIII." But handequin- us occurs in L. B. as well as baldakin-us. Dedit huic ccclesiae duos pannos de Bandequino optimos ; Nov. Gall. Christ, ap. Du Cange. The term bidda- kin-US, or baldckin-us, occurs very frequently. Do- minus Rex veste deaurata facta dc prctiosissimo Bal- dckino — sedens. Matt. Paris. A. 1247. According to i)u Cange, it is so called, because it was brought from Baidac ; quod Balduico, sen Baby lone in Per- side, in occidentales Provincias deferretur. V. Ba >v- nKKYV. BANDOUNE, Bandovvn, s. Command,, orders. Alangst the land of Ross he roars. And all obey'd at his bandown, . F.\in frac the North to Sulhren shoars. Bal/lc of IJarlaw, &t. 7. Evergreen, i. SI. Till Norani Kirk he come with outyn mar. The Consell than of Scotland meit hjm thar. Full sutaill) ho chargit (haim in bandot^ne, As thar our lord, till liald of hvm the toun-. n'ullcicc, i. 63. MS. In bandoune may signify, authoritatively, as if he had actually been their sovereign-. It is used in the same sense O. K. V. Barrati The phrase seems strictly to denote the orders is- sued from under a victorious standard ; from Germ. band, vcxillum. Paul. Uiaconus, speaking of astan- dard, sajs, quod bundum appellant; De Gest. Lou- . gobard. c. 20. V. Auandon. BandounlY^ ftffo. Firmly, courageously. The Sotheron saw how that so bandown/i/, Wallace abaid ncr hand thair chewalry. iVallace, v. 881. IMS. \Vallace, scho said, yhe war cicpvt my lulf, Mor bandounlij I maid me for to prulf, Traistand tharfor your rancour for to slak ; Me think ve suld ilo sum thing for my saik., , Ibid. viii. 1399. MS. 12 B A N B A N BANDSTER, Banster, s. One who binds sheaves after the reapers on the harvest field, S. A. S. Germ, band, vinculum. At har'st at the shearina; nac yo\inkors are jearing, The bansters are ruiikled, lyart, and sjroy. Ritaon's S. Su/iga, ii. 3. BANE, s. Bone. S. That postilons i^ert inony bdiii/.v In kyrk-yardis ho laid at aiiys. W^nioii-n, \\. '2'2. 63. " It is ill to fake out of the flesh that is hiud in the bmte ;" Ferguson's S. Prov. p. 20. A. S. ban^ Aleni. bcin, Belg. been. BANE. King of Bank. " Quhair they dfs\ ir tiiy Graire to put at thy teinporall lords and liif;is, hecaus thay despyse thair ititious lyif, quhat ells intend thoi but onlie thy dcithe, as thou mayest easilie persave, suppois thay cnllour thair fals intent and niynd, with the persute of Hercsie ? For qidien thy Barounis ar put doun, quhat art thou hot the King of Bane, and thane of neressitie man be guidit be thame, and than no dout, quiiair a blind man is guydc, nion be a fall in the myre." Seytouh's Lett, to Ja. V . Knox's flist. p. 19. This is the void in both MSS. In l.oud. edit. p. 20. it is " What art thou but the King of J^and, and not of men," ifcc; If the latter be meant as a translation of the jdi rase, it is erroneous. Its proper sense has indeed been misunderstood, cren so early as the time of Sir David Lyndsay. For, Avhen exhorting James V. to attend to the interest of his suhjeets, and to secure the lore of ids barons, he thus expresses himself. Lat justice niixit ivith mercie thame amend. Haue thow thair hartis, thow lies aneuch to spend: And l?e the contrair, lliow art hot king of bone, Fra time thy heiris hartis bin fiom the gone. Worlds-, isy'i, p. 197. i. e. " The hearts of thy lords," or " nobles." The meaning of the phrase appears from m hat the fearned Mr Struft has said, when speaking of the King of Chrixtnias, Lord of iM/\nitc, \-c. " The dignilied persons above-mentioned were, I presume, upon an equal footing with the KiyG of ike Be.<\', whose reign^ commenced on the Vigil of the Epiphanv, or ujion the day itself. We read that some time back 'it was a commonChristmas gambol in boili our iiniversities, and continued at the com. mcnccment of the last century, to be usual in other places, to give the name of king or queen to that per- • son whose extraordinary good luck it was to hit upon that part of a divided cake, which was ho- noured above tlie others by having a bean in it.' Bourne's Antiq. V'ulg. chap. xvii. I will not pre- tend to say in ancient times, for the title is by no means of recent date, tliat the election of this mo- narch depended entirely upon the decision of for- tune : the words of an old kalendar belonging to the liotiiisli church seem to favour a contrary opi. nion : they are to this etlect : On the tilth of Ja- nuary, the I'igil- of (he Epiphani/, the Kings of the Bean are created (Regeboiir,\u. 588, MS.. He bad the Banneoure be a sid Set his bdunere, and wyth it bid. fVi/nfozcn, ix. 27. 365.. BANERER, s. a standard-bearer ; more pro- perly, one who exhibits his particular, standasdl in the field.. B A N BAN Go ti(e, I'vlusiis, to the banererif, 0( Uie Volscanis, and tliame that standartis herb. Doug. Virgil, 379. 47. As maniplis is the only word in the original, it seems uncertain whether IJp. Douglas means to di- stinguish banercris from tliose who stamUiitis bcria; or uses the last expression merely as a pleonasm. Certain it is, that the term properly denotes a per- son of such dignity, that he had a right to appear in the field with- his followers, fighting under his own standard. Bit/iUer-hecr, baner.heer, baro, dy- nasta, sal rapes r bandophorus, i. e. dominus bandac sive praecipui signi ; Kilian. Thus, it does not merely signify " the lord of a standard," but " of a principal standard." Wachter observes that, ac- cording to some writers, banner-herr signifies a chieftain who carries the badge of a duke or leader ; and, according to others, a baron invested with a military standard within his own territory. Ihre quotes tlie following passage, as illustrating this term, from Ciiron. KI13 thm. p. 157. Aen hade the Tt)ske iiiaungc Jler Af Ilertugu, Grefaa och Bancrhcrra. Germani vero adhuc pluia habuore Ducum, Comitum et Ve.xilliferoruin. lie observes, that here he is called a Banerherre, •who, like kings and dukes, had his own standard. The name Banneret. S. corr. Banrcnic, marks a distinction, as to dignit)-, in the person to whom it was given. As ha/ier-heer, baiierer, simply denotes the master of a standard ; the term Z-a^/it/c/, being a diminutive, and implying inferiority, intimates that he on w hom it w as conferred, although he ap- peared under his own standard, had one inferior to the other. The Banneret was ahva}s created on the field, the royal standard being displayed. V. Spef- nian, vo. Bauerclltis, According to tlrt- K. law s, a baron was superior to a banneret. For he was scarcely accounted a baron, says Spelman, who had not more than thir- teen feudal soldiers under him. But only ten were required of a banneret. In Scotland, however, the banrente was more honourable than the baron. For the barons were only represented in Parliament by commissioners; but the banrentes were warned by the king's special precept to give personal attend- ance, in the same manner as the temporal lords and digiritaries of tlie chuTch. V. Banrente. Skene mentions another proof of this superiority. The Banrentes had '• power or privilcdge graunted to them be the King, to rayse and lift vp ane Baner, with ane companie of men of weir, either horse-men, or fute- nien, quhilk is nocht lesum to oiiy Earle or Barroune, without the Kingis sjieciall licence, asked and ob- tained to thateftect." De Verb. Sign. to. Banrentes. The reason of the difterence, as to the degree of dignity attached to the rank of Banneret in the two kingdoms, may have been, that a greater number of knights of (his description had been created bv tire kings of England, than by those of Scotland. 'This might perhaps be accounted for, from their greater intercourse with the continent, where the spirit of chivalry so much prevailed in all its forms. It must be observed, howcTcr, that Grose gives a different account of the number- of v-assals requisite to give a title to the rank of banneret, lie quotes father Daniel as mentioning two regulations respect- ing this. According to the one, it was necessary to bring into the field, '■ twenty-five men at arms, each attended by two horsemen, in all amounting to seventy-five iiM;n ;" according to the other, " at least fifty men at arms, accompanied as b,;fore, ma>. king together one hundred and lifty men." Milit. llist. i. 180. BANERMAN, s. Standard-bearer, His Banerman Wallace slew in that place, And sone to ground the baner doun he race. Wallucej X. 669, MS. "■ At last quhcn he wes cumyng to Spay, & fand liis cnnimes of greter power than he mycht resist, fl'e espyit his baner man for feir of enimes trimbland, & not passaud so pertlie forwart as he desyrit. Incon- tinent he pullit the baner fra him, & gaif it to Schir Alexander Carron, quhilk gat mony riche landis for the samyn office. Bot his name wes turnit efter to Skrymgeour." Belleud. Cron. B. xii. c. 11. Signi- fero expavente ; Boeth. This term, entirely different from banerer, seems properly to denote one who bears the standard of another. Su.G. buneninan, vexillifer. Sancte Oluf nar banersman ; Saint Olave was standard-bearer. Hist. S. 01. p. 78. Ihre, vo. Daiicr. BANES-BRAKIN, s. A bloody quarrel, the breaking of bones. S. That 1 hae at banes-brukin been My skin can sha' the marks ; I dinna tell you idle tales^ See to my bloody sarks. Poeim in the Buehan Dialect , pi.'26. To BANG, V. s.- To change place with im- petuosity ; as to bang up, to start from* one's seat or bed : He bang d to the door, he went hastily to the door. S. Dbgs barked, and the lads frae hand B'ang'd to their breeks like drift Be break of day. Ramsaii^s Poems, i. 270. — Rlythly w aid I bang out o'er the brae, And stend o'er burns as light as ony rae. Ibid. ii. 393. Ajax bang'd np, whase targe was shught In seven fald o' hide. Poems in the Buehan Dialect, p. 1. The Terb bang, in E. signifies to beat ; Isl. bang. a, id. Dr Johnson, however, who is often very un. happy in his etymons, derives- it from Belg. vengelen^ which is only a derivative, corr. in its form. Isl. bang-a is itself derived from ban-a, pulsare, per- cutere; whence also Su.G. banka, id. and baengel, a, staff, a cudgel. The verb, as here used, is more immediately allied to Su.G. baang, tumult, violence, which Ihre in- deed traces to Isl. bang-a, percutere. For a tu- mult suggests the idea, both of violence, and of rapi- dity in operation. To Bang out, v. a. To draw out hastily, S. Th«n I'll bang out my beggar dish, And sta-j) it fou of meal. Song, Ross's Helenore, p. 1 13.- BAN BAN Bang, j". l . An action expressive of haste ; as. He came with a hang, S. In a hang^ suddenly. He grants to tak me, gin I wad work for't; Gin sae I did, that 1 sud Rang alang. And sync be married with him /;; it bung. Rosses ITclcnore, p. 69, 70. 2. A great number, a crowd, S. Of nistomops she had a bang ; For lairds and soutors a' did gang, To drink bcdccn. Rams(a/''s Poems, i. 216. — — My boding thought A bang of fears into my breast has brought. Ibid. ii. 15. To Bang, v.s. i. A term used in salmon-iishing, as signifying that the fishers push off with their boats at random, without having seen any fish in the channel ; Aberd. " Being asked, whether when tliey arc deprived of sight, and can only fish by banging, they do not catch fewer fish than whni they have sight ? depones, that they do so, and that if they wanted sights, they •would want their best friend," State, Leslie of Powis, 1805, p. 102. V. Shot, ,?. BANGEISTER, Bangster, Bangister, j- 1. A violent and disorderly person, who regards no law but his own will. ^ For gif this sait of justice sail not stand, Then everie wicked man, at his awin hand, Sail him revenge as he sail think it best. Ilk iiangeixler, and linniier, of this land With frie brydil sail [quham thci pleis molest.] Mailland Poems, p. 337. Adieu ! fair Eskdale up and doun, \\ here my puir friends do dwell ; The bangislers will ding them doun, And will them sair compcll. Minsfrclsj/ Border, i. 223. I hesitate if this should be viewed as a diflerent Bcnsc ; although the term is explained by the editor, " the jirevailing party." 2. A braggart, a bully," S. But we have e'en seen shargars gather strength, That seven years liave sitten in tlic fiet, And } et have bungsicrs on their boddom set. Rosa's llclcnore, p. 89. 3. A loose woman, Clydes. This word oiight seem analogous to Su.G. baang. s/jjrig, contumacious, from bang tnmultus, and sfj/r, ferox. But it is formed, I suspect, rather by the termination sier, i[. v. From the more primitive v. ]sl. ban-a, to strike, also to kill, some nouns have been foruicil, which are allied in signification; as hanaslrijd, agon, wrestling, |daying for a prize, bu- 'nainailr, perciissor, auctor caedis, a striker, one who commits slaughter. Bangstrik, s. Strength of hand, violence to another i;i his person or property. — "• Personcs wrangeouslie intrusing themselves in the rowmes and possessiones of uthcris, be bang, strie and force, being altogidder unresponsal thenj- selves, niainteinis their possession thereof." Acts .la. VI. 1594, c. ^17. Kd. Murray. This term is evidently derived from bangster. BANKERS, s. pi. The King to souper is set, served in Iiall, Under a siller of silkc, dayntly dight ; With al worshipp, and wele, mewith the walic ; Briddes branden, and brad, in bankers bright. Sir Gaicun and Sir Gal. ii. 1. This, I apprehend, should be on bankers. It is most probably the same word with Bancuuris, q. v. V. also Bitionrs. BANKROUT, s. A bankrupt. " In Latine, Cederc bonis, quhilk is most com. nionly vsed amongst merchandes, to maUe liank-rout. Bankrupt, or Bunkrompiic ; because the doer there- of, as it were, breakis his bank, stall or seate, quhair he vsed his trallicque of before." Skene, Verb. Sign. vo. Djjuitr, Dyvour. Fr. bonquerout, Ital. bancorotio, Teut. banck- .ro(e, id. This word was borrowed from the Ital- ians. As they formerly did business in a public plare, and had cofters in which they counted their money, when any of the merchants found his af- fairs in disorder, and returned not to the place of business, ^it was said that hh banco, or coft'er was rotto, broken, from Lat. ruptus ; Diet. Trev. BANNOCK, BoNNocK, s. A sort of cake. The bannock is however in S. more properly distin- guished from the cake ; as the dough, of which the former is made, is more wet when it is baked. It is also toasted on a girdle ; whereas cakes are generally toasted before the fire, af- ter having been laid for sometime on -a. girdle., or on a gridiron, S. A. Bor. Bannock, as de- scribed by Ray, " is an oatcake kneaded with water only, and baked in the embers." The latter delinition corresponds to the explanation given of the term by Nimmo. " This brook [Bannock-burn] is said to have de- rived its name from a custom, of old much practised in Scotland, viz. that of toasting their bread under ashes ; the rakes so prepared were called bannocks, and sundry milns having been early erected upon that stream to grind the grain, of which (hat bread is composed, gave rise to the name." Hist, of Stir- lingshire, p. 441, 442. Thir cur colVeis that sailis cure sone And fhretty s\nn about ane pak, With bair blew bonnattis and hobbeld schone. And bcir bonnokis with thame thay tak. Banna/j/nu Poems, ]>. 171. st. 4. And thare will be lang-kail and pottage, And bannocks of barley meal. Ritson's S. Sonti-s, i. 208, 209. It may be observed that this is still the most ge- neral use of the word, bear.bannocks, i. e. bannocks made of barley. meal. S. Ir. bunnu, a cake, Lhuyd, boinneog, a cake or bannock, Obricn ; Gael, bonnach. Bannock-fluke, s. The name given to what is said to be the genuine turbot ; that com- monly so called being halibut, S. " The fish on this part of the" coast, are cod, skate, mackerel, hollybot, here called turbot, sea- dog, some tnrbot, called hannakjiuke, and had- BAR BAR doi.ks." P. St Vigeatis, Forfars. Statist. Ace. xii. 117, N, It is most probably ilonominated from its flat form. Bannock-hive, s. Corpulency, induced by eat- ing plentifully. AVhen ho, who retains a good appelite, complains of want of health, especially of any thing that might indicate a dropsical habit, it is sometimes sarcasti. cally said, that he seems to have the bannock -hive, S. from bannock and hive, swelling, How great's my joy ! its sure beyond compare ! To see you look sae hale, sae plump an' square. However ithers at the sea may thrive, Yc've been nae stranger to the bannock hive. Morisoti's Poems, p. 177, 178. V. IIive, r. BANRENTE, s. Banneret. In the tyme of Arthur, as trew men me tald, The king turnit on anc tyde towart Tuskane, With banreniis, baronis, and bernis full bald, Biggast of banc and bludc, bred in Bri/ane. Gawfin and GoL i. 1. " AH Bjschopis, Abbottis, Pryouris, Dukis, Erlis, Lordis of Parliament, and Banreniis, the quhilkis the King will be ressauit and summound to Counsall and Parliament be his speciall i)rcccpt." Acts Ja. 1. A. 1427, c. 112. Edit. 156C. V. B-lNEnER. BANSTICKLE, s. The three-spined stickle- back, a fish, S. Orkney ; in some parts of S. hanticile, " The three-spined stickleback, (gasterosteus aculcattis, Lin. Syst.), which wc distinguish by the name of lansticklc, is found in every small running b ook or loch that has any communication with any ])iece of fr^'sh water." Banc's Orkney, p. 389. Prom Willoughby it would appear, that the name hannlicklc is used in some parts of E. BAP, s. A thick cake baked in the oven, ge- nerally with yeast ; whether it be made of oat- meal, barley-meal, flower of wheat, or a mix- ture, S. There will be good lap))crd-milk kcbbucks, And sowens, and fardles, and bapr;. Ui/son^s S. Songf, i. 211. BAR, s. The grain in E. called barley, S. B. Bai-fiieal, meal made of this grain ; bar-bread, har-bannocks, 6ic. In other parts of S., bear^ bear-meal. MoesG . Zia;-, hordcum. Goth. Z'or, fructns quicun- que, (Seren.^ ; llcb. la, bar, grain of every kind for bread. BAR, s. Boar. V. Bair. To BAR. It occurs in a foolish Envoi/. —— Tak tent, and prcnt the wordis Intill this bill, with will thara still to face, Quhilkis ar nocht skar, to bar on far fra bowrdis, Bot leale, bot fcale, may haell avaell thy Grace. Bannatjjne Poems, p. 201. st. 27. Lord Hailes gives this passage a« not understood. And indeed, I can otfer only a conjecture as to the meaning, which is so much disguised by a silly jingle and violent alliteration. The v^riter, addressing Q. 5 Mary, desires her to imprint in her mind the zsords of this poem, with a design to have them still in her eye; as they are not such as might cause her to startle, and bar on far fra bourdis, or keep her at a distance from jesting or sport ; but on the contrary, true, honest, and such as might be profitable to her Majesty. The allusion seems to be to an object that frightens a horse, and makes him start aside. V. Skar. Bar may be nsed in the sense of Fr. burr, er, E. bar, to keep one at a distance ; as is done by bolls, or by barriers erected for this very pur|)ose. BARBAR, Barbour, «(^'. Barbarous; savage. The first word is used by Bellendcn in his Cron. pass.; Fr. barbarc. (Jael. borb, id. " Albeit die sayingis be barbour, and comraoun, the rycht vnderstanding of the samyn seruis mckle for men vnlearnit, lyke as the wran'g Itdis iiiony in ihir dayis in gret errouris." Kennedy, of Crossra- guell, Compend. Tractiue, p. 60. BARBER, s. The barber of any thing, is a phrase used by the vulgar to denote the best, or what is excellent in its kind ; S. Isl. bucr is an adj. expressing abundance, and marking qualitj ; afbaer, pracstans. Su.G. bar-o, bacr-a, illustrare. But the origin is quite obscure. BARBLES,j./rt. Barbed. And Mith wapnys, that scharply schar, Sum in the ford thai bakwart bar: And sum, with arniys barblyt braid, Sa gret mart} rdome on thaim has maid, That thai gan draw to woyd the place. Barbour, viii. 67. MS. Armijs barblyt braid signKies, arms well barbed. Fr. harhcle, id. Flcche barbcle'e, a barbed arrow. To B ARBULYIE, v. a. To disorder, to trouble. Every thing appcrit twae To my barbulyeit brain. Cherrie and Slae, st. 17. Evergreen, ii. 109. Lat. vers, turbalum caput. " Youth is abusit and corruptit : the author and his warkis schamefullie blottit and barbulyeii." — II. C'harteris, Pref. to Lyndsay's Warki;, 1592. A. 5. a. Fr. barbouille, confusedly jumbled or huddled to- gether. This is probably from Ann. barboell, comj). of bar without, and poell, in composition boell, stop. BARDACH, Bardy, rt(^; i, "Stout, fearless, positive." Thus Uardach is defined, Gl. Ross, S. B. But a' thing grew black and e.-r}- like. — And tho' she was right hardarh on day. light, She was as fly'd as ony hare at night. Ross's Helenore, p. 58»^- • B A R Slio never miiul'. lior, Iiut tells on her tale, Right bauld and bardach, likclj-likc and halt." I/)i(l. p. 81. And bald and bardach the gudc-w ife Sae derf couth wield her gude brown spear ; To focht for her eounfry and giide-nian, Could Scotswoman own a woman's fear? Jcimieson''s Populeir Ball. Li. 176^ It is rendered " forward," Gl. 2- It is undoubtedly the same word that in the South and West of S. ispron. ^^r^; and signifies . that the person, to whom it is applied, is not only irascible and contentious, but uncivil and perti- nacious in managing a dispute. This term is generally appropriated to female petulance. A maid of sense be sure to wale. Who tunes lier words with easy care:— But shun the pert and bardi) dame, Whose words run swiftly void of sense, A stranger she to wit and shame. And always sure to give offence. li. Galloii-ay\s Poems, p. 202. .It sometimes expresses the bitterness of a cur. 1 was a bniilj/ tyk and bauld. Watson's Cull. i. 69. It can scarcely be doubted that this word is nearly allied to Isl. barda, T^wgna-x, bardagi., ^u.G. bai'dei!;a, praelium, from bacr-ia, to fight ; \)Tct. h(ird-a. For it retains the original idea, with this difference only, that what primarily resi)ected the hands is now transfer- red to the tongue, a member not less unruly. If I mis- take not, it is still occasionally applied in its priuiary sense to a dog, as denoting that he is staunch in fight. This is probably implied in the line above quoted ; especially as bardij is conjoined with bauld. Hence, Bardily, adv. 1 . Boldly, with intrepidity. They, bard/ljj, and hardily, Fac'd home or foreign foe ; Though often forfoughten. They never grudg'd the blow. R. G id lozc (Ill's Poems, p. 6^. 2. Pertly ; S. V. Bardach. Bardie, s. A gelded cat ; Ang- Bardis, j./>/. Trappings. Ouer al the planis brayis the stam])and stcdis, Ful galyeard ic thare bardis and werely v edis, Apoun thare stratc Lorn brydillis brankand fasf. d)oiig. Virgil, 385. 31. Phalerae, Virg. Sec tlie description of a bardod Itorse in Grose's Milit. Anti(]. i. 103, 101. He de- rives bardcd from Fr. barde., covered. But as iardis is here conjoined with xcerclij wcdis, or warlike dress, it is most probable that it original. ly denoted the pikes or spears fixed in their trappings. For Goth, bard, O. Teut. barde, Germ, barf, is a- pole-ax. Hence tliose Goths, who gave their name to Lombardy, were called Jjungohardi, not from wearing lung heard.-, but long iiole.axes or spears, (Loccen. Andci- Sueo-Goth. p. 120.); and the en- sign of their kingdom was a lion erected on a lance. Ilenre, also, the origin of hulher««,;[■/• is dcrivid frojii iiiug-r curviis, bc^g- ia iMirvaro, lli'ctcre, to bend. BAUK, Bawk, /. E. /'«//•, which Johnson de- fines, " a great beam, such as is used in build- ing." This is very indefinite. The banks, S. are the cross-beams in the roof of a house, which unite and support the rafters. A bciwb was kn\ t all full of rapys kcync, Sic a toHbiith sen s} nc was ni'iiir sejnc. — Sriiir Ranald f} rst to inak fewte for his land, The knyclil went in, and wald na langar stand : A rvnnand cord thai slcwyt our his hed. Hard to the birjjk, and hangyt hini to dcd. ll'allace, vii. 201. MS. Germ, balk, Bclg. bakk, a beam. ; Dan. bielke, id. 2. The beam by which scales are suspended, in a balance. Teut. baick waeghe, a balance. We invert the phrase, making it weigh-bauks, q. v. BAUK, Bawk, ,f. E. balk, " a ridge of land left unplonghed,'' Johnson ; as used in S., a strip two or three feet in breadth. " Make nae irtc^Av of good boor land ;" Ferguson's S. I'rov. p. 25. " There are agro.it number of hawks in this pa- rish which remain untouched ; 30 years ago, on an estate within a mile of (ho town of Peterhead, 1 am informed it was an article in the leases of the tenants, not to break them up." P. Peterhead, Aberd. Statist. Ace. xvi. 570. A. S., C. B. bale, Su.G. balk, porca, signifying a ridge of land lying between two furrows. But Isl. buulk~ur more exactly corrcsjionds to the S. word. For G. Andr. defines it, lira in agro, vel alia soli cminenlia minor, i. e. a smaller eminence ihaTi what is |!ro]iorl) called a ridge. Perhaps it is merely an obiiciiie use of Su.G. bulk, abeam; as ilenoting something that is interposed between the ridges, and keeps lliem distinct, as a beam in a house between the rafters. BAUKIE, s. The razorbill, Orkn. " The Auk, (aha tonhi, Lin. Syst.) the same with our baukie, comes hither in March, and with- out delay takes possession of almost all the high rocks on the headlands, where it lays only one large egg in the shelve of a bare rock, exposed to the heat of the sun, which probably assists in hatching it." Harry's Orkney, p. 305. BAUSY, adj. Big, strong. Ane pyk-thank in a iirelols cliayse, With his wawil feit, and virrok tais, ^Vilh hoppir hi))pis, ami lunches narrow, And bawij hands to her a barrow. Dunbar, Muitland Poemn, p. 110. Su.G. basfc, vir polens. If we could suppose that this term resiiected the colour of the hands, it might be traced to A. S. Ixisu, bacsici, of or belong, ing to |)urple; as denoting (hat they were so coarse and red, as to indicate the rustic work in which they had formerly been employed. But the former sense siems i)rcfcrable. Phillips gives batctiii as an old E. w ord, signify- ing gross, big. Chatterton uses baicsint in t!ie sense of " large, huge;" as " t\n^ buxcsint elefant," the huge elephant. A. Bor. basht), fat, swelled; Gl. Grose. To BAW, v. a. To hush, to lull. They grap it, they grip it, it greets and they grain ; They bed it, they baw it, they bind it, (hey braceit. PVa/ion's Coll. iii. 21. Fr. has, low. V. Balow. BAW, s. 1. A ball, S. JJriving thoir bans frae whin or tec, There's no nae gowfor to he seen. Ramsai/\s Poems, ii. 205. 2. Money given to school-boys by a marriage company, to prevent their being maltreated. If this was withheld, the boys claimed a right to cut the bride's gown, S. The gift was thus denominated, as being designed for the pur- chase of a ball, most probably a foot-ball, as being much more commonly used in former times. This custom, as we learn from Brand, is retained in Newcastle upon Tyne. " At present a party always attend here at the church gates, after a wedding, (o demand of the bridegroom money for a foot-ball. This claim ad- mits of no refusal. Coles, in his Dictionary, men- tions the Ball money, which he says was given by a new bride to her old play-fellows." Popular An- tiq. p. 337. BAW AW, s. An oblique look, implying con- tempt or scorn. But she was shy, and held her head askew : — Looks at him with the baic-v:uw of her ee, As dram and dorty as young miss wad be To country Jock, that needs wad hae a kiss, Nolens or volens, frae the dainty miss. Ross's Helena/ e, p. 82. BAWBIE, s. A halfpenny. V. Babie. BAWBURD, s. The larboard, or the left side of a ship. On bawbtird fast (he inner way he letc slip, And wan before the formest schip in hy. Doug. Firgil, 133. 12. Rudd. derives this from Fr. bas-bord, id. as star- board, he says, is from Fr. stri-bord. It is most probable, however, that both the French and wc have had these terras transmitted from the Gothic. For as Isl. stiornborda signifies the right side of the ship, bagborda is (he left or larboard side ; G. Andr. p. 226. Su.G. stijrbord from slyre, the helm, and lord, side : for, according to Ihre, the helm w as not anciently placed behind, but on one side of the ship. Ideo dicitur, quod olira gubernaculum, lateri navis afiixum, ultimam ejus partem non constituit, ut do- cent gemmae antiquae nummique ; \o. Bord. Su.G. bakbord is the larboard side, which he derives from bak, retro, behind, and bord, latus, the side. Sw. baburd, id. Widegren. BAWD, ,f. A hare. Ye little had to crack upo', Tho' ye'd cry'd. Arm you, lads ! I saw (an' shauic it wis to see) You rin awa' like bawds. Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 23. I B A W B A Z Tliis is the common name for a hare, Abcrd. Hare- soup is also called bawd's bree, i. e. broth. V. Uree. As Ir. and Gael, miol denotes a beast of what- ever kind, miol bhiiide or boide is a hare, which seems to signify, a yellow beast, from baidlie, yel. low. A hare is likewise called Pata in both laiu (Ti!a;L-'5. Cuu Bddrans, ((. v. have any aflinity ? BAWDEKYN, s. Cloth of gold. Ane-othir chesybi! he gave alsua; Of sjlvyr the holy wattyr fate, The styk of sylvyr he gave to that ; An ewar of sylvyr than gave he ; Of gold baivdekijnnys he gave thre ; Tw.s brade cwaris of sylvyr brycht. Wijnlown, ix. 6, 160. Mr Macplierson understands the term as here sig. nifying " a bodkin, jiointod instrument." But it is undoubtedly the cloth called baudckyn, Fr. bal- dachin., baldaquin.) baudequin. It is said to be of gold, because made of gold tissue. Borel temoigne que Baldachinum est uu vieux mot Francois, qui signilioit la plus riche des etoll'cs qui etoit tissue de ill d'or. Diet. Trev. A couple of budkins would not have been an ap- propriate gift, for the use of the church, in any part of her service. Phillips mentions E. baudekyn, as bearing the same sense. V. Bandkyn. To BAWME, V. a. l. To embalm. That ilk hart than, as men sayd, Scho bawmyd, and gcrt it be layd In-til a cophyn of evore. JVj/ntoKn, viii. 8. 18. 2. To cherish, to warm. We sort our airis, and chesis rowaris ilk dele, And at ane sound or coist wc likit wele We strike at nichf, and on the dry sandis Did bawme and beik oure bodyis, fete and handis. Doug. Virgil, 85. 31.. From Fr. cm-bauiti-er, to embalm. Hence trans. ferred to fomentation, from its balsamic influence in restoring the limbs when sfitTened with cold or fa- tigue. BAWSAND, Bassand, Bawsikt, adj. Hav. ing a white spot in the forehead or face ; a term applied to a horse, cow, &c. S. Apoun anchors of Trace dappill gray He raid, quhais formest feit bayth tway War mylk quhyte, and his creist on hicht bare he, W'ith bawsand face ryngit the forthir R. Doug. Virgil, 146. 36. The stirk that stands i' the tether, And our bra' bwin'd yade, Will carry you hame your corn. Ritson's S. Songs, i. 206. They tell me ye was in the ithcr day, Andsauld your crumraock, and her^fl.M«7/(/ quey. Ram.';aj/'s Poems, ii. 87. In this sense, as Rudd. observes, '■'■bnwsand fac'd is an usual phrase in S." It is strange that "Sibb. should be so far led astray by mere simihrity of letters, as to derive this " from O. E. bausyn, a badger." Fr. balzan, balsan, a horse that has a white mark on the feet. This Menage derives from Ital. hahano ; others, from Lat. baiius, and this again from Gr. ^«A(»{, which denotes a horse thit has a white mark either on the forehead or feet. But both the Fr. word and ours seem to have the same Gothic origin. Germ, bkicsse, Su.G. blaei, denote a white mark on the forehead of a horse ; blaesuf, a horse marked in this manner. Widegren delints Sw. blaesa, " white brow, or forehead of a horse, or ox." This is most probably the origin of the ¥j. noun blazon; especially as it is used to denote the artificial ornament worn by carriage horses on their foreheads. Blaze, indeed, has the same sense wi(h Sw. blaesa, as appears from the E. Prov. " If the mare have a bald face, the filly will have a blaze." V. Kelly, p. 302. Bassie, a term used to denote an old horse. Loth, is most probably a corr. of baxcsint, as originally ap. plied to one with a white face. BAWSY-BROWN, s. a hopgoblin. This " seems to be the English Robin Goodfellow, known in Scotland by the name of Broiviiic ,-" Lord Hailes. Than all the feynds lewchc, and maid gekks. Black-bells) and Ban^sij-brown. Bannatiine Poems, p. '27. st. 3. The term might seem to express the supposed strength of this sprite, from Su.G. basse, vir po- tens, corresponding to A. S. beorn. V. Bausy. Or it might be viewed as allied to Su.G. base, spec- trum, monstrum, which Wachter derives from Germ. iuit,intva.; although Ihre seems inclined, with more propriety, to invert the derivation; as (hosewlio put on masks and disguise themselves wish to exhibit the appearance of spectres and bugbears. But most probably it is merely an inversion of A.S. brun-basu, ostrifer, (ostriger. Lye,) " that bringcfh forth or beareth purple colour," Somn. ; from brim brown, and basu purple. V. Brownie. BAXTER, s. A baker, S. " Ye breed of the batters, ye loo your neigh- bour's browst better than your ain batch j" Ram- say's S. Prov. p. 80. V. Bakster. BAZED, Based, Basit, part. pa. Confused, stupid, sfupified ; dased, synon. S. Then was this beast so sare amazed, Into his face she glour'd and gazed. And wist not well, she was so Lazed, To what hand for to turn lier. JVatson's Coll. i. 47. Tlie bcrnis both wes iasit of the sicht. And out of mesour marrit in thair nindo. King Hart, i. '22. MnUland Poc ms, p. 10. " The Jews thought they durst nauer haue pre. sumed to haue opened their inouthes againe to speake of the name of Christ: for they thought they were all but silly based bodies, who fled away when their master was taken, and were otiendiid at his ignomi- nious death." Rollockc on tho Passion, p. 575. Teut. haes-en, d?lirare ; EAg. btfie, by: en, tar. bafus ; verbaas-en, to astonish, to stu;.ify, part. verbaasd. Sw. bes-a is used to denote the state of animals so stung by insects, that they are drircn B E B E A hither and thither bj' the force of pain. Fr. bez-et, id. " A cow to riiniie up and downe holding up her tailc, wlieii the brizze doth stiiig her;" Cotgr. V. Hl'MDAZED. BE, prep. 1. By ; as denoting the c^use, agent, or instrumeni, S. Walys ensample mjcht have bein To vow, had ye it forow scin, That he othir will him rliasty, And wyss men savis he is happy. Barbour-, i. 121. MS. This is the common orthography in old writings : and the w ord, thus w ritten, is used in all the ordi. nary senses of E. by. Be occurs in the same sense in O. E. ; A. S. id. MrTooke views be, by, as form. ed from l>i/lh, the iniperatiTe of A. S. bcon, to bo. Divers. PurJey, i. 402. Bj/th, however, is jiropci ly the third person sing. Fut. and Optat. Instead of it, esto, ben and I'jj/Ii are sometimes used. But whether either of these be the root of be, bij, seems extremely doubtful. 2. Towards, in composition ; as he-east, towards tlie East ; he-west, towards the West, S. Be-west Bertane is jyand All the landys of Irlande. H'tjntoioi, i. 13. }C. Bij is used in tJiis sense by later writers. " The English, about twelve of the day, drew up eleven troops of horse in the hollow a little bij- eiiFt the ford, where they stood in order till two in the afternoon." Iiaillie's I.ott. i. 22. There is a similar idiom in Beig. ; bc-ooff, id. bcwestiii, westward. 3. Be occurs rather in an uncommon sense in the following passage : Stewart tharwith all bolnyt in to bail! ; Wallace, he said, be the 1 tell a taill. Say furth, quoth he, oft' the farrest ye can. — That taill full nicit thou has tald be thi sell. Wullurc, X. 130. 140. MS. In edit. Perth instead of be, v. 1-19, off is sub- stituted. ilere it evidently means, of, concerning. A. S. be is sometimes used in the same sense. Vura/h and axinfli cornlice be Ihani ci'de ; Go and inquire dili- gently of. or concerning, that child ; Matt. ii. 8. ♦. By the time that. Be wc had ridden half anc myle, With myrrie mowis passing the quhyle, Thir twa, of quhome bcfoir I spak, Of sindrie purposis did crak. DiuUfjg, sine Tit. p. 1. Reign of Q, Mary. Be Than, by that time. SternySj be than, began for till apper. Wallace, v. 135. MS. And first Eneas gan his feris command Thare baneris to display, and follow at hand ; For he be than his Troianis mycht behald. Doug. Firgil, 324. 18. BE, part. pa. Been. Ane huge horss like anc grctc hill in hy Craftely thay wrocht in wourschip of Pallas, Of sawing bichc the ribbis forgeit was. Fcnyeand anc oblatione, as it had be For prosper returnyng hame in thare cnntre. Doug. Virgil, 39. 10, To BEAL. V. Beil. BEANSHAW. V. Bensh.vw. To BEAR, Ber, Bere, v. a. To hear on hand, to affirm, to relate. This passyt noucht, I trow, thre yhere, Syn the Balliol aud his folk were Arywyd iu-to Scotland, As I have herd men bere on hand. Wi/nlown, viii. 33. 64. Bot Malcom gat wpou this lady brycht Sehir Maleoni Wallas, a full gentill knycht. And AVilyame als, as Conus Gornykle beris art hand, Quhilk eftir wes the rcskew of Scotland. Wallace, i. 37. MS. In till this tyme that Umphraueill, As I bar j/o%l> on hand cr quliill, Come till the King of Iiigland, The Scottis niessingeris tliar he fand, Off pess and rest to haitTtretis. Barbour, xi\. 112. MS. To Bear upon, -v. a. To restrain one's self. And sae for fear he clean sud spoil the sport. Gin ancs his sherihordess sud tak the dort, lie bocre upon him, and ne'er loot her ken, That he was ony ways about her fain. Ross's llelenore, p. 33. BEAR, Bere, j-. Barley, having four rows of grains, S. Hordeum vulgare, Linn. " A boll of hear in grain sold formerly at 7s. ; it now sells at 13s." P. Lcthnot, Foifars. Statist. Aco. iv. 15. Of all cornc thare is copy grefc, Pese, and atys, bere, and qwhet. Wijntoicn, i. 13. C. A.S. here, MocsG. bar. V. B.\r. Bear Land. Land appropriated for a crop of barley. / gaed through the bear land with him, is a phrase used by a peison who has gone through all the particulars of a quarrel with another, or told him all the grounds of umbrage at liis conduct, S. The phrase is probably borrowed from the dilTicuIfy of walking through land prepared for barley, as it is more thoroughly tilled than for most other crops ; or it may refer to the pains taken, in preparing it for this crop, to remove all the weeds. BEARIS BEFOR. Ancestors. Yhit we suld tliynk one our beuris befur. Wallace, 1. 15. MS. This is equivalent to our anfecessoicris, mentioned V. 1. It is merely the old S. word forebears re- solved, and used precisely in the same sense. Ulph. uses berusjos for parents, Luke ii. 27. Joh. ix. 23. from 6a/>-«n, generare, progignere; Sa.G. baer-a, id. V. Forebear. BEAT, s. A stroke, a blow, a contusion, S.B. This seems to be the same with hj't, used by Douglas. V. Cabir. BED To BEBBLE, v. a. i. To swallow any liquid in small, but frequeat draughts, S. The term is used in this sense, whether the liquor be in- toxicating or not. S. 2. To tipple, V. n. " He's ay bebbling and drink, ing ;" He is much given to tippling, S. It seems to bo formed from Lat. bib.ere to drink, in the same manner as bibiilw, soaking, drinking, or taking it wet ; and L. B. bibula, a name for pajier, quod hiimorem bibat; Isidor. p. 959. BF.CHT. part. pa. Tied ; Gl. Rudd. If this word be in Doug. Virgil, I have not observ- ed it. Germ, bteg-en, flectere, is probably the origin. To BECK, Bek, 1'. s. To make obeisance, to cringe. S. " He (Hardy Caniit) maid ane law, that cuery Inglis man sail b75, in rfgulatiuij the enlerit in the hallowit schaw Of the thrinl'ald passingerc IJiane, And hous of bricht Apollo gutd begane. Dong, lirgil, 162. 45. Aurea lecfa, V'irg. According to lludd. q. gu/ie ot'tT. ("haiicer uses the jihrasc, IVifh gold Ocgon, Rom. Rose, 9-lo., " iiainted over with gold," Tv rv. h. To BEGECK, Beg.aiiv, Begeik, v. a. To de- ceive ; particularly by playing the jilt, S. B. A\ ysc Hcinen hcs wayis, and wouiulerfiil gydingis, ^^'iIh grcit ing) ne to bcgitil; thair jclcons husbandi.--. Duiiha)\, M(////a>i(l Poems, p. CI. For haleiimly to take me he did bind, And liae 'm 1 will, there's iiae a word ahind. ]5ut Colin says, What if he dinna like you ? ^ e'd bi tier want him than he siid bcgeck yon. llowf'i llc/eiwre, p. 85. 'I'cnt.^/.cr/.-c/;, derideiv, hidibrio habere. V'. Geck. Begkik, Begi.vk, Bf.gunk, s. l. A trick, or il- lusion, which exposes one to ridicule, S. Now CroniwclPs gane to Nick, and ane ca'd Monk Has play'd the Uuiiiple a right slee heguni;. Rannt/jj'i Poems, ii. 88. 2. It often denotes the act of jilting one in love ; applied either to a male, or to a female, S. Begeii is the more common term, S. B. Gur sex arc shy, and wi' your leave they think, ^V ha yields o'er soon fu' aft gets the begink. Murisoiis Poems, p. 13". BEGES, Begkss, ach. By chance, at random. Thou liclitlies all trew properties Of liive express, And marks qnheii neir a sty me thou seis, 'And !iits bcgess. Scott, Ei-crgreen,i. 113. I hapiiit in a wilderness Cjuhair I clianst to gang in begcs, 15} ganging out the gait. Buret's Pilg. lValson\i Coll. ii. 30. From be, by, and gess, guess. Celg. ghisse. BEGGER-BOLTS, s.pl. " A sort of darts or missile weapons. The word is used by James VI. in his Battle of Lepanto, to denote the weapons oi the /or ceats, or galley-slaves." Gl. Sibb. Hudson writes beg^ers' bolts. A packe of what ? a packc of countrey clownes, (tjuoth llolojihcrn) that them to battel bowncs. 15 E II With beggcrs' bulls, and levers to arrest "My warriours strong. — Judith, p. 1-1. 15. 'J'he w ord may have originated from contempt of the persons, who used these arms, fj. bolts ai beggars. Or, for the same reason, has it any reference to Ital. bngordare, liastis ludicris ex equis pngnaro; ba^ordo^ L. Ii. bagorda, ludi publici, Fr. behnurt, buhourt, whence bourd, a jest ; as if the fighting of such mean jiersons could only be compared to the tournaments of others ? BEGOUTH, BEG0UDE,/»-f^. Began. The AVest Kynryk begoiith to rys, As the Est bcgotith to fayle. fVijnlinen, v. Prol. 27. The gretest oratouro, Ilioneus, AVith jjlcsand voce begonth his sermon thus. Doug. Virgil, 29. 26. £(;50»(/ is now commonly used, S. A. S. Gynn. an, bcginn-an, seem to have had their pret. formed lilcc code, from gan, ire : Beginnan, bcgeode. BEGRAUIN,^«r;./>a. Buried, interred. Be this war cummin fra Kyng Latynis cietc Embassiafouris, wyth branche of olyue tre, Besekand fauouris and bencuolence. That he wald suffir to be caryit from thence Thay corpis dede. To suffir thamc begrauin for (o be. Doug. Virgil, 303. 48. A. S. graf-aiu fodcrc ; Tent, bc-griweii, sepelire. BEGRETTE, /)rrf. Saluted. Tlif teris lete lie fall, and tendirly With hertlie iufe begrefte liir thus in hy. Doug. Virgil, 179. 44. Rudd. renders this rcgrafc ; for what reason I know not. The word used by Virgil is ajfutus. A. S. grel-an, LSelg. be-groet-en, salutare. EEGRUTTEN, part. pa. Having the face dis- figured with weeping ; S. Sw. begratande, bewailing. V. Greit. BEGUILE, s. A deception, trick, the slip ; sometimes, a disappointvnent ; S. For Lindy sure 1 wad mak ony sjiift. And back again 1 scours, what legs cou'd lift; Kre 1 came back, and well 1 wat short while Was I a coming, I gets the beguile. Nae thing I finds, seek for him what I list, But a loom hale, and sae my mark I mist. Ross's Ilelenore, p. 70. To BEHALD, v. a. l. To behold, S. behmid. In this chapitere brhuld and luk The Prolong of the ferde buk. JVj/nlown, iv. Prol. Ruhr. 2. To have resj;ect to, to view with favour or partiality-. Saturnus donchter Juno, that full bald is, Towart the parlye aduersare behaldis. Doug. Virgil, 347. 5. Spectut, Virg. A. S. beheald-an. 3. To wait, to delay; q. to look on for a while, S. used both as an active, and as a neuter verb. • ■" The iiiatcU is fecr for feer." " That's true," quo' she, " but we'll bchad a wee. She's but a tangle, tho' shot out she be." Ross's tjelenore, p. 21. I B E J B E I Behold occurs in the same sense. '^ in tliis, it was said, nouglit could be done in the Provost of Kdinburgh's absence; for he, of purpose, with the clerk, and some of liis faction, had gone oft" the (lace to behold the event of that meeting." Bail, lies Lett. i. 24. BEHAUYNGIS, J./)/. Manners, deportment. " The Scjttis began to rise ylk day in es|)crance of bettor fortoun, seyng thair kyng follow the be. huuiin^is of his gudschir Galdus, and reddy to reforme al enoriiivtois of his realm." Belleud. Crou. B. t. c. 2. il/o;7?<-, Boeth. V. Huvingis. To BEHECHT, v. n. To promise. Dido heyrat comonit I you behecht, For hir departing foUowschip redy made. Doug. I'irgil, 24. 25. Here it has an oblique sort of sense, in which pro- »w?>e is also used; q. I. assure you of the truth of what I say. Chaucer, beheie. A. S. behael-aii, id. R. Glouc. hchcf ; R. Brunne, be he/te, promised. Behecht, Behest, Behete, j. i. Promise. " Now ye hauc experience, how facill the Britonis bene to mouc new trubill, so full of wyndis and vane behechlis." Bellend. Cron. B. viii. c. 6. Inhnitis prope I'ollicitatiouibus, Boeth. Chauc. beheste, id. 2. Engagement, covenant. The goddis .ill vuto witnes drew sche, The sternes and plaiietis gidaris of fatis, And gif thaie ony deite be that watis, Or persanis lutiaris inequale of bche.'t. To hane in nieiuor hir just cans and request. Dong. Virgil, U8. 21. Non aequo foedcre amantis. Virg. 3. Command. Sjid Jupiter; and Mercury, but areisf, Decsbit to ob.'y his grete fad., ris behest. Doug. Virgil, lOS. 8. V. the r. BEHO, EoHO, J-. A laughing-stock. " To mak. a boho" of any thing, to hold it up to ridicule ; S. B. Alem. huohe, ludibrium. To BEHUFE, 'i). n. To be dependent on. Of Bereeynihia, the mother of the gods, it is said ; A 'hale the heuinlv wychtis to her behufe., And all that weildis the hie hcuin abufe. Doug. Virgil, 193. 33. A. S. behof.ian, Belg. behoev-en, to stand in need of, egere, opus habLre. BEJ AN CLASS, a designation givp n to the Greek class in the Universities of St Andrews an.l Aber- deen; as, till of late, in that of Edinburgli. Hence the students in this class are denominated Bejans. This is properl_v the first or lowest class in tlie Philosophical course ; that of Ilumunilij not forming a branch of the original instituiion, but being added afterwards, for bringing forward those, who having com:" to attend the university, were found deficient in the Latin tongue. The Greek being originally the lowest class, as it was supposed that the term hejan included some idea of this kind, it was general, ly derived from Fr. bas gens, q. people of the lower order. But I am indebted to a learned friend, late. ly deceased, who, with great credit to himself, and much usefulness to others, long had the charge of the class last mentioned in one of our universities, for pointing out to me Fr. bcjaune, as the true origin of this tirm. It signihes a novice, an appren. tire, a young besiuner in any science, art, or trade; whence bcjiiunagc, bejiiunerie, bejhuniie, simplicity, want of experience, the ignorance of a young untutored mind. Cotgr. derives bejuune from becjuuliie, literally a yellow beak or bill. In Diet. Trov. it is said, that bcjaune itself is a term in Faul. conry, used concerning birds that are verv young, and cannot do any thing; because the greatest part of birds have a \ ellow beak before they are fledged. Pullux recentior. 1 need scarcely add, that, having explained the metajjh. sense of the word, they give the same etymon as Cotgr. Du Cange observes that L. B. Bejaun-iis signifies a young scholar of an uni- versity, and bejaunium the festivity that is lield on his arrival. The term is thus very emphatic, being primarily used in relation to a bird newly hatched, whose beak is of a deep yellow. The natural mark of imbecilh- ty among the feathered tribes is, by a beautiful and expressive figure, transferred to the human race, as denoting a state of mental weakness or inexperience. Another phrase of the same kind is used in Fr. Blanc, bcc. i. e. a white beak, signifies a young man who has neither a beard nor experience. It also denotes a sim- pleton, or one who may be easily gulled. The phrase evidently alludes to birds, although it immediately refers to the apjiearance of a young face. Sn.G. golbeii, novitius, as has been observed by Ihre, is perfectly analogous to Fr. bee jaune. lie is at a loss to say, whether bee has in pronunciation been changed into ben, or whether the latter be a corr. of the Fr. ph -asp, or of the Lat. The first syl- lable is gul, gul, yelloiv. The entertainment, which a novice or aiipreiitice gives to his companions, is called golhen.s kunne. V. Hire, vo. Gul. To Bej.^n, v. a. When a new shearer comes to a harvest-field, he is initiated by being lifted by the arms and legs, and struck, down on a stone on his buttocks ; Fife. This custom has probably had its origin in some of our universi- ties. It is sometimes called horsing. BEIK, s. A hive of bees. V. Byke. To BEIK, Beke, Beek, v. a. To bask, S. And as thai ner war approchand, A-.ie Inglis man, that lay bekand Ilim be a fyr ;id, till his fee; " I wat Roclit quhat may tyd ws her. " Bot rychf a gret growyng nie tais : " I dred sar for the blak Douglas." Barbour, xix. 552. MS. I snspect that, instead offyr sid, till, it had been originally /^yr, said (ill. ■ — In the call)) or loune wcdiVir is scne Aboue the Uudis hie, aiie fare plane grcne, Anestandyngplace, quhaj-skartis with tharebekkis, Forgaue the son gladly thaym prunyeis and bekis. Doug. Virgil, 131. 46. — Recreate wele and by tlie chymnay bekit, At euia be tyme doun in ane bed me strekit. Ibid. 201. 43. 2. To warm, to communicate heat to. B E I TIk-ii llinj; on coals, and ripe Uie ribs, AiiJ beck tlic lioiisc baith but aiiil ben. Riimuij/':, Poem", i. 205. 3. luis often .used in a neuter sense, S. That, knvglit cs iiotliing to set by Tli.ll loves al liis clicvairy, Anil ligsi-'s bekcuiiil in his bed, When he haves a lady wed. Yuiaine, v. 1459. E. M. R. Against Love's arrows shields are vain, When lie aims frae her cheek ; Her cheek, where roses free from stain, In glows of yoiidith bcek. Rainxaj/'s Works, i. 117. She and her cat sit becking in her yard. Ibid. ii. 95. Belg. hackvr.en is used in the same sense; baeker. en een kindt^ to wanii a child. We say, To bi>ik in the sun ; so, Belj;. buekcrcn in de sonne. But our word is more immediately allied to the Scandinavian dialects; iu.(J>. bak.ti, to warm. Kongur bakade sicr vit eld. The king warmed himself at the fire. Ueims Kring. T. ii. 450. Isl. bak-ast, id. bakeldar, ignis accensus eum in linem ut prope eum caleiiant homines, Olai Le.\. Run. ; from bak.a and eld-ur, lire. Germ, back.cn, torrere. This Wachter views as only a secondary sense of the Terb, as signifying to bake. But Hire, with more probability, considers tliat of w arming or basking as the primary idea. He gives the following passage, as a proof that the opera- tion of baking received its designation from the ne- cessary preparative of warming the oven : Band han ainbatt sinni, al hon ski/lldi baka oc cllda ofn; Ueims Kr. T. ii. Vi'-i. — " The King ordered his raaid- scivant to warm (he oven or furnace." Ihre derives bak-a from Gr. ^a, calero. E. bask is'undoubtedly from the same origin with btik, although more changed in its form. Beik, adj. Warm. He-saw (he wif baith dry and clone. And sittand at ane f^re, beik and bawkl. Baiiiiafj/ne Poems, p. 215. st. 2. BEIK, s. 1. This word, primarily signifying the beak or bill of a fowl, is " sometimes used for a man's mouth, by way of contempt ;" Rudd. Of the Cyclops it is said ; Thay elriclie brethir, with (hair lukis tlirawin, Thoclit unclitawalit, tharestanding hauc wc knaivin ; An horribil sorte, wylli mony canischol beik. And hedis semand to the heuin arreik. Doug. Virgil, 91. 18. 2. It is used, as a cant word, for a person ; " an auld beik" " a queer beik," &.c. S. Belg. bick, Fr. bcc, roslrum. it may be observed that (he latter is nietaph. applied to a porson. V'. Bkj AX. To BEIL, Be.\t., v. s. 1. To suppurate, S. Now sail the byle all out brist that bcild has so lang. Maitland Poems, p. 50. For, instead of beried, Pink, edit., beild occurs edit. 1508. 2. To swell or rankle with pain, or remorse; metaph. applied to the mind, S. B. 13 E I Her heart for Lindy now began to beat. And she's in swidder great to think him leal. But in her breast she sinoor'd the dowie care. Hoii'.v Jlclenore, p. 70. " This resolution [of employing the Highland IJostI seems to be gone into, as many of the violences of this period, without any express orders from court, whatever hints there might be before or after this, of w'liich I am uncertain, but have been informed, that Lauderdale, when afterwards taxed with this severi- ty, was hoard to wish " the breast it bred in to beal for his share." Woiij-ow's Hist. i. 457. Belg. buyl-en, protuberarc ? Ihre derives Su.G. bold, a boil, from Isl. bolg-a, intuuaescere. Beilin, .f. A suppuration, S. BEILD, r. 1. Shelter, refuge, protection, S. He wourdis brym as ane bair that bydis na beild. Gawun and Gol. iii. 14. " He waxes fierce as a boar, that waits for no shelter." Hcccuba thidfler with hir childer for leild Ran all in vane and about the altare swarmei. Doug. I irgil, 56. 20. In one place it is used in rendering venia. Bot of ane thing I tlie beseik and pray; Gif ony plesurc may be grantit or beild. Till aduecsaris that lyis vincust in feild. ; Doug. Virgil, 353. 20. " Every man bows to the bush lie gets bield frae ;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 25. i. e. Every man pays court to him who gives him protection. A. Bor. bcild, id. 2. Support, stay, means of sustenance. S. His fader crit and sew ane peco of feild. That he in hyregang held to be hys beild. Dong. Virgil, 429. 7. For fude thou gcttis nane vther beild, Bot elt the hcrbis vpon the feild. Lijndsaij's fVarkis, p. 30. 1592. 3. A place of shelter j hence applied to a house, a habitation ; S. ,<; My Jack, your more than welcome to our beild ; Heaven aid me lang, to prove your failhfu' chield. Morison's Poems, p. 177. This word docs not seem toliave boon commonly used in O. E. But it is certainly in the iirst sense that Hardyng uses held. Sir Cliark's, the brother of Kyng Lewes doubtles Kyng of CisiTe, of noble worthines, By the Soudan was chased without beld, Whom prince Edward socoured, and had the fold. Chron. F. 155. a. I( is a strange fancy of Rudd., that beild may per- haps be " from buildings which arc a sheller to the inhabitants." As buildings are a shelter, it would have been far more natural to have inverted the sup- position. For I apprehend, that this is the real origin of the modern word, or at least, that it has a common origin w ith beild, a shelter. Accordingly we tind beijld used by Harry the Minstrel for building. Ilym self past furth to «itt otf Wallace will, Kepaiid the (oiin, quliill nocht was lowyt mar, Bot the woodc fyr, and bcyldis brynt full bar. m///«ce, Vii. 512, MS. In edit. 1648 and 1673, changed to diggings. B E I Bcilding also occurs, where it seems doubtful whether buildings or shelter be meant. The king faris with his folk, our hrthis and fellis; — Withoutin bcilding of blis, of bern, or of byre. Gaivaii and Gol. i. 3. This may signify " any blissful shelter." Isl. bade denotes both a bed or couch, anda cave, a lurking place ; cubile, spelunca, latibulum praedo- num ; Olai Lex. Run. Vtkinga baele, a nest of pirates, Verel. Su.G. spilkcirkia hack, a den of robbers. It is highly probable, that back is ra- dically the same with Isl. boek, domicilium, ha- bitatio ; sainbi/k, cohabitatio ; Su.G. io/, bjjk, a house, geting-btjk, a nest of hornets ; from bo, to build, to inhabit. A. 15or. bield, shelter; Grose. To Beild, v. a. 1. To supply, to support. Thehawin thai haiffand schippis at thair will. Off Ingland cummys enewch off wittaill thaim till. This land is pnrd off fud that suld us beild, And ye se weill als thai forsaik the feild. IVallace, xi. 43. MS. Fyfty damaccllis tharin scruit the (iuene, Quhilkis bare the cure eftir thar ordoure hale, In puruiancc of houshald and vittale, To graith the chalmeris, and the fyris beild. Doug. Virgil, 35. 35. This verb, it would seem, has been formed from the noun, q. v., or has a common origin with Isl. bael-a, used to denote the act of causing cattle to lie down, ad buelajie, pecudes ad recubandum cogere; G. Andr. p. 39. 2. In one passage it seems to signify, to take re- fuge ; in a neuter sense. Beirdis beildit in blissc, brightest of ble. Gaii-an and Gol. iv. 12. V. Bird. In Ywaine and Gawin, it signifies to help, to pro- tect. None es so wight wapins to welde, Ne that so boldly mai us beldc. V. 1220. Beildy, adj. Affording shelter. We, free frae trouble, toil, or care, Enjoy the sun, the earth, and air, The crystal spring, and greenwood schaw, And bcildi) holes when tempests blaw. Ramsaj/^s Poems, ii. 485. v. Beild, s, BEILD, adj. Bold. Spe7-k Ilalkis, that spedely will compas the cost, Wcr kcnc Knychtis of kynd, clene of maneiris, Blyth bodeit, and beild, but barrat or host. With enc celestiall to sc, circulit with sapheiris. Houlcite, ii. 2. MS. i. e. " bold, without contention or threatening." A. S. beald, id. A. S. Alein. belde, audacia. BEILL, s. Welcum, illustrate Ladye, and oure Quene; — Wclcum, oure jem and joyfull genetryce, Welcum, oure belli of Albion to bcir. Bannatync Poems, \). 194. " Probably bell, to bear the bell ;" Lord Hailes. Were it not for the verb conjoined, one might view beill as the same with beild, support. Can beill sig- nify care, sorrow, q. baill? BEIN, s. Bone, Ang. One is said to be aw B E I frae the hein, all from the bone, when proud, elevated, or highly pleased ; in allusion, as would seem, to the fleshy parts rising from the bone, when the body is swollen. BEIN, Beyne, adj. Beinlier. V. Bene. BEIR, Bere, Bir, Birr, s. i. Noise, cry, roar. " There eftir I herd the rumour of rammasche foulis ande of bey;stis that maid grite beir, quhilk past besyde burnis & boggis on grene bankis to scik ther sustentatioune." Complaint S. p. 59. And oft with wylde scryke the nycht oule, Hie on the rufe allanc, was hard youle. With langsum voce and ane full [lietuous bere. Doug. Virgil^ 116. 11. The word is used in this sense by R. Glouc. Tho gryslych yal the ssrewe tho, that gryslych Mas ys bere. p. 208. i. e. " Then the cruel giant yelled so horri- bly, that he made a frightful noise." 2. Force, impetuosity ; often as denoting the vio- lence of the wind. S. Vir, virr, Aberd. The anciant aik tre Wyth his big schank be norlli wynd oft we se, Is vmbeset, to bete him doun and ouerthraw. Now here now thare with the fell blasles blaw, The souchand bir quhisland amang the grauis, So that the hiest bransches all atlanis Thair croppis bowis towcrt the erth als tyte, Quhen with the dynt the master stok schank is smyte. Doug. Virgil, 115. 26. King Eolus set heich apoun his chare, — Tem peris thare yre, les thai suld at thare will Bere with thar bir the skyis, and drive about Erde, are and seye, quhen eucr thay list blaw out. Ibid. 14. 54. Thou that should be our true and righteous king, Destroys thy own, a cruel horrid thing. But 'gainst the Suthron I must tell you. Sir, Come life, come death, I'll fight with all my birr. Hamilton's IVallace, p. 283. But I, like birky, stood the brunt, An' slocken'd out that gleed, Wi' muckle virr. — Wi' vir I did chastise the louns, Or brought them a' to peace ; Wi' sugar'd words, fan that wad dee, I made their malice cease. Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 2. 24. O. E. bire, byre, birre. " And thei geden out and wenten into the swyn, and lo in a grete bire al the drove wente heedljng in to the see." Wiclif, Matt. 8. Chesh. beer or birr., Ray. Rudd. hesitates whether he should view this word as derived from Lat. virei^ or as formed from the sound. But neither of these suppositions is natural. The term, especially as used in the second sense, seems nearly allied to Isl. byre (tempestas), Su.G. boer, the wind ; which seem to ac- knowledge byr-ia, boer-ia, surgere, as their root. Bere and bir are used in senses so nearly allied, that they most probably have the same origin. Bere, as denoting noise, includes the idea expressed by bir. For b?re is properly the noise occasioned by impetu- ]\I B E I osity of motion. It is the noise made by an object that moves with bir. Wtincc, what has bien givtii as the secondary sense, may perhajis be viewed as the piiinary one. To Beir, Bere, v. s. To roar, to make a noise. The pepill bcii)l like wyld beslis in that tyd, Within the waliis, rampand on athir sid, Rewniyd in routh, with iiiony grysly graync ; Sum grymly gret, quhill thar lyli dayis war gaync. IVuUace, vii. 457. AIS. Quhyn thay had bciril lyk baitit bullis, And brane-wode brynt in bailis, 'J'hay w ox als niait as ony niulis, That mangit wer with mailis. Clir. Kirk, st. '22. Citron. S. P. ii. 366. Improperly printed bt'irf, C'aliender's edit. lie nnduiiblediv gives the true sense of the word, ren- dering it ruared: and he seems to be the first who lias done so. lirane-zsod has been rendered brn/n-mail. Hut how does this agree with brjjnt in bailis P There is no reason to suppose tiiat these revellers made bon- fires of each other. As ilr Pink, justly observes, '■ all grammar and connexion forbid" this interpre- tation. He views the term as signifying " a kind of match-wood of the decayed roots of certain trees, which kindles easily, and burns rapidly." But it is not likely, that, in the heat of fight, they would set ' to work and kindle bonfires. jNlay not berit apply both to btillix and brancwodc? They made a noise like bailed bulls, .and also like w ood when rent by the violent heat of a bonfire. With skirllls and with skrelcis schc tlius beris, Filling the hous with raurnyng & salt teris. Doug. Cirgil, 61. 36. It sometimes denotes the noise made by a stallion in neighing with great eagerness. Beruiid, Bannatync Poems, p. 129. Teut. baeren, beren, is cxpl. by Kilian ; Fremerc, sublat^ et fcrociter clamare more ursorum. The learned writer seems thus to view it as a derivative from baere, bere, a bear. Wachter, however, gives bar-ill, clamare, as a Celt. word. Lye, in his Addit. to Jun. Etym., mentions Ir. baireah as signifying fremitus; an\'ar I ane king, — 1 sould riclit sonc mak reformationn ; Failyeand thalrof your grace sould richt sone finde That Preistis sail leid \ ow lyke ane bellije blinde. 'Lyndsaij, S. P. R. ii. 232. V. SiLE, to cover. Sum festnit is, and ma not fle ; Sum led is lyk the bellij-bli/nd With luve, war bettir lat it be. Clcrk''s Adv. to Luvaris, Chron. S. P. i. 369. In Su.G. this game is called blind-bock, i. e. blind goat; and in Germ, blinde ku/te, q. blind cow. Wachter spurns the idea of kuhe being here used in its common acceptation. " J'or," he says, " this game has nothing more to do with a cow, than with a dog or a buck." He accordingly derives it from Gr. x,»u, capio, as if it meant, coeca captura. But although the reason of the phrase be lost, the ana- logy between the Germ, and Su.G. designations of this sport renders it probable that kuhe, as well as bock, originally referred to the animal thus denomi- nated. Thre, therefore, observes a wiser plan, say- ing ; " I shall tell why this game received its name from the goat, when the Germans have informed us, for what reason they borroived its designation from the cow." ]] E L Oiif might bi- lid (o suppose, that this game li ad bfiii also aiicit'iiily know ii in S. by the name of liliiid buh, from a pa-.sayu in one of A. Scott's poems, ad- dressed to Cupid. Blind huL ! but at the bound thou schutcs, And them forbeirs that the rebutcs. Chroii. S. P. iii. 172. Disguisings, we know, were common among our Gothic ancestors, during the festival at the winter solstice, even in times of paganism ; Mhence the term Ju/bock, the goat or stag of Yule. Now, it may be conjectured that Win dm em's buff was one of the sports used at (liis time; and that anciently the per. son, who was hoodwinked, also assumed the ap- pearance of a goat, a stag, or a cow, by putting on the skin of one of these animals : or, that it received its designation from its resemblance to the Vnle- games, in consequence of the use of a similar dis- guise. Loccenius, indeed, speaks as if blindc-bok, or Blind man's bull', had been (he same with that called J«/6oA- ; Antiq. SueoGoth. p. 23. Those, who may be dissatisfied with this derivation, might prefer the idea of the Su.G. name being composed of blind and bocke, a stroke, Alem. bock-en, to strike; as he, who personates the blind man, is struck by his comi)anions. In the same manner the Germ, word kiilic might be traced to kiifzv-a, kug-a, which have precisely the same meaning. But the former is undoubtedly preferable. The French call this game Clisnc-mmict, from dinner, to wink, and mtisi^e, hidden ; also, Colin- VKiillaid. Colin seems to be merely a popular di- minutive from yicolui ; tcrme bas et populaire ; Diet. Trev. Mai/hard, drol, espeigle; Bullet. Thus, it may be equivalent to " Colin the butl'oon." This game was not unknown to the Greeks. They called it xoAAaSi5-|Ki>5, from x.oAA«o(^w, impingo. It is thus defined ; Ludi genus, quo hie quidem manibus expausis oculos suos tcgit, ille vero |)ostqiiam jier- cussit, quaerit num verberarit ; Pollux ap. Scapul. It Mas also used among the Romans. As Pilate's soldiers first blindfolded our Saviour, and then struck him on the cheek, saying, " Prophesy, who smote thee ;" it has been observed, that they carried their wanton cruelty so far as to set him up as an object of sport, in the same manner in which they had been accustomed to do by one of their companions in this game ; and that the question they proposed, after striking him, exactly corresponds to the ac- count given by I'oUux. For thus his words are ren- dered by Capellus ; Ki>A/««i^s(», eo ludo ludere est, cumaliquem oiciillata facie percussum inferrogamur, Quis percussit euin ? The verb used, IMatl. xxvii. 07. is KcXxcpt^a, We arc told that the great Gustavus Adolphus, at the very time that he proved the scourge of the house of Austria, and when he was in the midst of his triumphs, used in private to amuse himself in playing at BlindmaH\s bti/f with his colonels. Cela passoit, say the authors of the Diet. Trev., pour une ga- lantcrie adwiirable : vo. Colin-Muillurd. The origin of the term Bcllii-blind is uncertain. It might be derived from Isl. bclla, cum souitu pelli, because the person is driven about as the sport of the rest. Or, as the Su.G. designation is borrowed DEL from the sioat, the Germ, from the cote; what if ours should respect the bull, Isl. bucl.^ Hence bad skinn, corium boviniim. As iO(/(//.a signifies to bel- low, butil denotes a coo; ; G. Andr. It is probable, however, that the term is the same with liill/j Bli/iide, mentioned in the Tales of Won. der, and said to be the name of " a familiar spirit, or good genius." With that arose the Billy Bli/nde, And in good tyme spake he his mind, &c. IVillj/'s Lady, No. 29. Since writing this article, I observe that my friend Mr Scott makes the same conjecture as to the ori- ginal application of the name to that familiar spirit, which he views as " somewhat similar to the Brownie." Minstrelsy Border, ii. 32. This spirit is introduced in a Scottish poem lately published. O it fell out upon a day Burd Isbel fell asleep, And up it starts the nUli/ Blin, And stood at her bed feet. " O waken, waken, Burd Isbel; How can ye sleep so soun' ; When this is Bekie's wedding day, And the marriage gaing on f" ... She set her milk-white foot on board, Cried, " llail ye, Domine !" And the Billjj Blin was the steerer o't, To row her o'er the sea. Young Bckie, Jumieson''s Popular Ball. ii. 130, 131. V. Blin'd IIarie. BELLY-FLAUGHT. l. To slay, or fay, belly. Jlaught, to bring the skin overhead, as in flay- ing a hare, S. B. " Within this ile there is sic fairc whyte beir meil made like ilour, and quhen they slay ther sheipe, they slay them belly -Jlaught, and stutfes ther skins fresche of the beir meal, and send their dewtics be a servant of 31'Cloyd of Lewis, with certain reistit mutton, and mony reistit foules." Monroe's lies, p. -17. Thay pluck the puir, as thay war powaud hadder: And taks buds fra men baith neir and far; And ay the last ar than the first far war. — Thus //« thay al the puir men belly Jluiight ; And fra the puir taks many felloiin fraucht. Piiettts of Pebli.i, p. 24. " An'y7«e him helly-Jlaughf, his skin wad mak a gallant tulchin for you." Journal from London, p. 2. 2. It is used in Loth, and other provinces, In a sense considerably different ; as denoting great eagerness or violence in approaching an object. The banld good-wife of Baith, Arm'd wi' a great kail-gully, Came belly-Jlaught, and loot an aith, She'd gar them a' be hooly. Ramsay's Works, i. 2C0. It is explained by the author : " Came in great haste, as it were Hying full upon them, with her arms spread, as a falcon with expanded wings comes soussing upon her prey." Thus Ramsay seems to BEL BEL have supposed that the word alluded to the flight of a bird of prey. But the first is undoubtedly the original and pro- per sense ; q. belli/ jliijjcd, or thiyod as a hare is, (he skin beinsj brought over the belly, without being cut uj); Belg. vlagh-e/i, to tidy. 3. It is aUo rendered, " flat forward," in refer- ence to the following passage : Thcv met: an' ati'scour'd for their fraught, Thick darkness made th.-ni blinii niaist ; Nor stapt — (ill beath flew, bellie-Jluug,hf, V the pool ! — Rev. J. Nicol's Poem!!, i. 31. RELLY-HUDDROUN. V. Huddroun. BELLYTHRA, s. The colic. — Rimbursin, ripples, and l/ellj/fhra. Rouir.^ Cursing. Gl. Coiiipl. p. 331. A. S. belg, belly, and thra, affliction. This term, I am informed, is still used oa the Border. To BELLWAVER, v. n. l. To straggle, to stroll, S. 2, To fluctuate, to be inconstant ; applied to tlic mind, S. The origin of the latter part of the v. is obvious ; cither from E. waver, or L. B. wajjviart', to stray. Perhaps the allusion may be to a ram or other ani- mal, roaming with a bell hung round its nock. To BELT, V, a. 1. To gird, S. Hence, in our old ballads belted knighls are often introduced. 2. To gird, metaph. used in relation to the mind. " Belt yow thairfore (lusty gallandis) with uian- heid and wisdome to haue victory." Bellend. Cron. Fol. 78. a. Accingiraini, Boeth. Isl. belt-a, cingere zona. To BELT, V. a. To flog, to scourge, S. The term might have its origin from the occasional use of a leathern girdle for the purpose of inflicting corporal discipline. Sw. btilt-a, however, is used in the same sense. To BELT, V. s. To come forward with a sud- den spring, S. Tsl. bilt.a, bilt-ast, signifies, to tumble headlong. BELT, part. pa. Built. The rcalme of Funis this is quhilk ye se, The pepill of Tire, and the cite but more. Belt fra the folk discend from Agenore. Dou^. Virgil, 23^ 36. V. Beii.d. BELTANE, Beltein, s. The name of a sort of festival observed on the first day of May, O. S. ; hence used to denote the term of Whit- sunday. At Beltane, quhen ilk bodie bownis To Peblis to the Play. To heir the singin and the soundis, The solace, suth to say. Be firth and forrest furth they found ; Thay graythit thamfull gaj'. Peblis to the Play, st. 1. " On Beltane day, in the yeir nixt followyng, callit the Inuentioun of thehaly croce, James Stewart the thrid son of Duke Mordo, mouit with gret ire, that his fader & brethir war haldin in captiuite, come with ane gret power to Dunbritane, and brint it, efter that he had slane Johne Stewart of Dun- donald, with xxxii. men in it." Bellend. Cron. B. xvii. c. 2. " And quhair it be taintit that thay [ruikis] big, and the birdis be tlowin, and the nest be fundin in the treis at Beltane, the treis sal be foirfaltit to the King." Acts .Ta. I. U'-24. c. 21. Edit. 1566. "" On the first of May, O. S. a festival called Beltan is annually held here. It is chiefly celebrat- ed by the cow-herds, who assemble by scores in the fields, to dress a dinner for themselves, of boiled milk and eggs. These dishes they eat with a sort of cakes baked for the occasion, and having small lumps in the fornj of nipplex, raised all over the surface. The cake might perhaps be an offering to some deity in the days of Druidism." P. Logierait, Perths. Statist. Ace', v. 84. A town in Perthshire, on the borders of the High, lands, is called Tillie- for Tullie-) beltane, i. e. the eminence, or rising ground, of the fire of Baal. In the neighbo\irhood is a druidical temple of eight upright stones, where it is supposed the fire was kindled. At some distance from this is another tem- ple of the same kind, but smaller, and near it a well still held in great veneration. On Beltane morn- ing, superstitious people go to this well, and drink of it ; then they make a procession round it, as I am informed, nine times. After this ihey in like manner go round the temple. So deep-rooted is this healhenish superstition in the minds of many who reckon themselves good Protestants, that they will not neglect these rites, even when Beltane falls on Sabbath. " The custom still remains [in the West of S.] amongst the herds and young people to kindle fires in the high grounds, in honour of Beltan. Beltan^ Avhich in Gaelic signifies Baal or Bel's Jire, was an- ciently the time of this solenniity. It is now kept on St. Peter's day." P. Loudoun, Statist. Ace. iii. 105. Bnt the most particular and distinct narration of the su|)erstitious rites observed at this period, which I have met with, is in the Statist. Ace. of the P. of Callander, Perths. " The people of this district have two customs, which are fast wearing out, not only here, but all over the Highlands, and therefore ought to be taken notice of, while they remain. Upon the first day of May, which is called Beltan, or Bul-tein daij, all the boys in a township or hamlet meet in the moors. They cut a table in the green sod, of a round figure, by casting a trench in the ground, of such circum- ference as to hold the whole company. They kindle a tire, and dress a repast of eggs and milk in the con- sistence of a custard. They knead a cake of oat- meal, which is toasted at the embers against a stone. After the custard is eaten up, they divide the cake into so many portions, as similar as possible to one another in size and shape, as there are persons in the company. They daub one of these portions all over with charcoal, until it be perfectly black. They put all the bits of cake into a bonnet. Every one, blind- fold, draws out a portion. He, who holds the bon- net, is entitled to the last bit. Whoever draws the black bit, is the devoted person who is to be sacri- ficed to Baal, whose favour they mean to implore, BEL BEL in remloring the year produclive of the sustenance of man and beast. There is little doubt of these in- human sacrihces ha\ing been once ofl'ered in this country, as well as in the east, although they now pass from the aet of saerilicing, and only compel the devoted person to leap three times through the (lames; with which the ceremonies of this festival are closed. " Bal-tein signifies the fire of Baal. Baal, or Bull, is the only word in Gaelic for a globe. This festival was probably in honour of the sun, whose return, in his aiiparent annual course, they cele- brated, on account of his having such a visible in- Uuence, by his genial warmth on the productions of the earth. That the Caledonians paid a super, stitious respect to the sun, as was the practice among other nations, is evident, not only by the sacrifice at BalLein, but upon many other occa. sions." Statist. Ace. xi. 621. V. Widueusiiins. A curious monument of (he worship of the hea- vcnlv bodies still remains in the parish of Cargill, Perths. " Near the village of Cargill may be seen some erect stones of considerable magnitude, having the figure of the moon and stars cut out on them, and are probably the rude remains of pagan supersti- tion. The corn-field where these stones stand is called the Moon-shade [1. shed'\ to this day." Statist. Ace. xiii. 53G, 537, N. It would appear that some peculiar sanctity was also ascribed to the eighth day of May, from the old S. Prov. " You have skill of man and beast, you was born between the Bettans ;" i. e. " the first and eighth of May.'' Kelly, p. 376. Mr Pennant gives a similar account, and with the addition of some other circumstances. " On the first of Maj'," he says, " the herdsmen of every Tillage hold their Uel-tein, a rural sacrifice. They cut a square trench on the ground, leaving the turf in the middle; on that they make a fire of wood, on which they dress a large caudle of eggs, butter, oat- meal and milk, and bring, besides the ingredients of the caudle, plenty of bear and whisky ; for each of the company must contribute something. The rites begin with spilling some of the caudle on the ground, by way of libation : on that every one takes a cake of oatmeal, upon which are raised «/ne square knobs, each dedicated to some particular being, the supposed preserver of their llocks and herds, or to some particular animal, the real destroyer of them : each person then turns his face to (he fire, breaks olVaknob, and fiinging it over his shoulders, says, Thh I give to thee, preserve thou »ij/ horses ; this to thee, preserve thou iiii/ sheep ; and so on. After that, they use the same ceremony to the noxious animals: This I i^ive to thee, O Fox! spare Ikon mj) lamlts ; this to thee, O hooded Crow! this to thee, O Ea:xle ! " When (he ceremony is over, (hey dine on the caudle; and after (he feast is finished, what is left is hid by two persons depu(ed for (hat purpose; but on the next Sui\djy th. y reassemble, and finish the rcliques of the first entertainment." Tour in Scot- land, 1769. p. 110, 1 11. 4toedit. The resemblance between the rites of dilTerent heathen nations is surprising, even where there is no evidence that these rites had the same origin. It is not so strange, that the same objects should excite their love or their fear, because men in general are actuated by common principles. But, it cannot easily be accounted for, that, when the expressions of these are entirely arbitrary, there should be an identity, or a striking similarity. The Lemuria was a feast observed by the ancient Romans, during the nones of May, in order to pa- cify the spirits or ghosts that excited their appre- hension by night. These hobgoblins they called Lemures. Some of the Roman writers pretend, that this feast was called Lemuria, quasi Remuria from Remus, who was slain by his brother Ro- mulus ; that it was instituted for making atonement to his ghost, which used to disturb the murderer : and that (he word was gradually softened into Le- muriu. It seems prcttj' certain, that the institution of the Lemuria was previous to that of the Ferialia. According to Ovid, he who observed these gloomy rites, rose during the profound silence of night. To prevent his meeting with any of these nocturnal spi- rits, he clapped his fingers close together, with the thumb in the middle ; and thrice washed his hands in spring-water. Then turning round, he put some black beans in his mouth, which he threw backward, and said, while throw ing them. These I send, by iliese beans I redeem both myself and mine. This he repeated nine times, without looking over his shoulder. For he believed that the ghost followed him, and gathered up the beans, while unseen by him. Then he poured water on a certain kind of brass, and made it ring, requiring the ghost to de- part from his dwelling. Having said nine times, Depart, ye ghosts of my fathers ! he ventured to look behind him, being persuaded that he had strictly performed all the sacred ceremonies. Fast. Lib. 5. Nine seems to have been a sacred number with the heathen. The Bcl-tein cakes have nine knobs; and the person, who placated the nocturnal spirits, repeated his address to them nine tin\es. The throw. ing of the beans backward is similar to the custom of throwing the knobs over the shoulder ; the ad- dress to the manes. These I send, by these I redeem^ &c. to the language used at Bel-tein in devoting the knobs. This I give to thee, &c. As the Romans be- lieved that the spirit kept behind the person who performed the ceremonies already mentioned, some- thing of the same kind is still believed by the super, stitious of our own country. For he who saws hemp seed a.t Hal/ozc-cen, believes that, by looking over his shoulder, he will see the apparition of his future wife. In some circumstances, however, the rites ob- served on Beltein day bear fully as much resem- blance to those peculiar to the Pa/ilia, a feast cele- brated by the ancient Romans, on the 2 1st of April, in honour of P«/(\v the goddess of shepherds. The design of both seems to have been the same ; — to ob- tain prolection for shepherds and their flocks. As the herdsmen kindle a fire on Beltein day, we learn from Ovid that fires were laid in order, which were leapt over by those who observed the Palilia. ■ Certe ego transilui positas tcr in ordine flammas. Fast. Lib. 4. BEL BEL As a cake is baked for Bcltein, a large cake was pre- pared for Pales. — ■ Et nos faciamus ad annum Pastorum dominae grandia liba Pali. Fast. Lib. 4. The Romans liad also a beverage somewhat resem- bling our caudle; for they were to drink, milk and the puriile *«y)rt, which, according to Pliny, is new wine boiled till only a third part remain. Turn licet, apposita veluti cratere camella, Lac niTcum potes, purpureamque sapam. Ibid. The prayer addressed to Pales is very similar to Ihat idolatrously used in our own country. Thee, goddess, O let me propitious find, And to the shepherd, and his sheep be kind. Far from my folds drive noxious things away, And let my flocks in w holesome pastures stray. — May I at night my morning's number take. Nor mourn a theft the prowling aw/J' may make. — May all my rams the ewes with vigour press, To give my flocks a yearly due increase, kc. Fii^ti, Trail si. by Masscj/, B. 4. Eggs always forming a part of the rural feast of Beltein, it is not improbable that this rile is as an. cient as the heathenish institution of the festval. As it appears that the Gauls called the sun Bel or Beliis, in consequence of their communication with the Phenicians, the symbol of the egg might also be borrowed from (hem. It is well known, that they represented the heavenly bodies as oviform ; and vvorshi[)ped an egg in the orgies of Bacchus, as an image of the world. Pluf. in Sympos. Univers. Hist. vol. i. C(>*inog. p. 31. The Egyjitians also represented Cneph, the archi. tcct of the world, with an egg coming out of his mouth. In the hymns ascribed to Orpheus, Pliaues, the first-born god, is said to bo produced from an egg. On these principles, the story of the serpen- tine egg, to which the Druids ascribed such virtues, may be explained. As they were greatly attached to mystery, they most probably meant the egg as a symbol of fecundity, and in this respect might con- secrate it in the worship of the sun, whom they acknowledged, in their external rites at least, as the nniversal parent. To the same source, perhaps, may we trace the custom so general among children in this country, of having eggs dyed of dill'ereat colours at the lime of Peace, as they term it, that is, I'asch or Easter. A rite, allied to these, is still ))retty generally observed throughout Scotland, bv (he superstitious, or by young peoi'jle merely as a frolic : although no- thing can be accounted entirely innocent, which tends to preserve ancient superstition. Early in the moiniiig of the first day of this monlh, they go out to the fields to gather Maij-dexc ; to which some ascribe a happy iiilluence, others, I believe, a sort of medical virtue. This custom is described by the un- fortunate Fergusson. On May-day, in-a fairy ring, We've seen llicin round St Authon's sprina;, Frae grass the caller de:c-(lraj).\ wring To wect their ein. And water clear as crystal spring, To synd them clean. Puems, ii. 41. The first of May seems to have been particularly observed in dilferent countries. There seems also to have been a general belief, that this was a sort of holiday among the inhabitants of the invisible world and witches. The first of May is celebrated in Iceland. Although the name of Beltein is unknown in Sweden, yet on the last day of April, i. e. the even- ing preceding our Beltein, the country people light great fires on the hills, and spend the night in shoot- ing. This with them is the eve of Walburg's Mess. The first of May is also observed. '■• It is called in Sweden IVur Frndat/ ; Ic jour de notrc Dame, our Lady's day. The witches are sup- posed to take, in tiie night preceding that day, their flight to Blakulla, a famous mountain ; but it was formerly believed in Germany, that the witches travelled to the Bloxberg or Brocken, a high moun- tain contiguous to the Hartz Forest." Von Troll's Lett, on Iceland, p. ^1. Blaakulla, pronounced B/.okal/a, is a rock in the sea between the island Oeland and Smoland, which, on account of the many shipwrecks that happened there, was in for. mer times believed by the vulgar to be inhabited by demons, who brought these calamities on mortals. Hence," Ihre says, " sprung another fable, that on the Thursday of the great week, the witches caiue hither to hold an infernal feast ;" vo. Blaa. This Blokidlu is the place described in the Relation of the strange witchcraft discovered in the village Molira in Suedland; Satan's Invisible World, [i. 9'i, &c. In Ireland, Beltein is celebrated on the 21st June, at the time of the solstice. There, as they make fires on the tops of hills, every member of the fa- mily is made to pass through the lire; as they reckon this ceremony necessary to ensure good fortune through the succeeding year. This resembles the rite usiid by the Romans in the Paiilia. Beltein is also observed in Lancashire. The respect paid by the ancient Britons to Belus, or Belinus, is evident from the names of some of their kings. As the Babylonians had their Beletis, or Beh'bus, llige. Belus, jMerodach-Batadan, and Bel. shazzar ; the Tyrians their Ich-baals and Ualutor, the Britons had their Cassi-ie//rt, and their Cuno- beliii. As it has been common, in the Highlands, to kindle fires in the open air, on eminences, on this day, Dr MacPherson mentions this as one of the remains of heathen superstition. He thinks that our ancestors, like almost every heathen nation, worshipped the sun, under the name of Grian or Grannius. Cri. tical Dissert, xvii. ji. 2SG. xix. p. 319. The Gael, and Ir. word Beal-Uiic or Beihtine signifies Bels Fire ; as composed of Baal or Belis, one of the names of the sun in Gaul, and teiii siiini- fying (ire. Even in Angus a spark of fire is cjlied a tciii or teiiid. Obrien gives the following account of Beal-linc. " Ignis Beli Dei Asiati'i : i.e. tiiie-Bcil. May day, so called from largf lires which the Druids wert; N BEL ,BSC(1 (o light on the summifs of the highest hills, into which thi-y Jrovc four-footed beasts, using at the same time certain certnioiiiis to expiate for the sins of the |ieoi)lr. This \)agan ceremony of lighting these fires in honour of the Asiatic god Belus, gave its name to t!io entire niontli of May, which is to this cTay called mi «« Beul-tine in the Irish language. Dor. Keating speaking of this fire of Beal says, that the cattle were drove through it and not sacri- ft'cec}, and that the chief design of it was to keep off all contagions disorders from them for that year ; and he also says, that all the inhabitants of Ireland (juenehed (heir fires on th.it day, and kiiutied them a;;ain out of some part of that lire." He adds, from an ancient (Ilossary ; '• The Druids lighted two so- lemn fires every year, and drove all four-foote. she could brew : — FJut ah ! she's dead. Raiirai/s Forms, i. 213. V. Gaffatv'. Bend, s. A pull of liquor, S. We'll nae uiair o't :— come, gi's the other bend, We'll drink their healths, whatever way it cud. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 1 IS. Bender, s. A hard drinker ; S. Now lend your lugs, ye benders fine, Wha ken the benefit of wine. Ramsay''s Poems, ii. 520. BENE, V. subst. Are. " Thair bene ccrtanc interpretouris of the lawis, but quhom thay can gyf no richtwys iugemcnt." Bellend. Cron. Vol. 13. b. Of bywent perrcUis not ignorant ben we. Doii^. Virgil, 29. 26. Chaucer, ben, id. from beon, third p. pi. subj. of (he A. 8. substantive verb. Bene is also used for be. -^— The schip that sailith stereless, Upon the rok most to harmcs hyc, For lak of it (hat suld bene her supplyc. King's Qiiair, i. 15. BENE, Bein, Beyne, Bien, adj. i. Wealthy, well-provided, possessing abundance, S. ; as in the following beautiful passage. Thow hes cneiich ; the pure husband hes nocht Kot cote and crufe, uponc a cloute of land. For Goddis aw, how dar thow tak on hand, And thou in berne and byre so bene and big, To put him fra his tak, and gar him thig? llenrysone, Bannufi/nc Poems, p. 120. st. 17. This is perhaps the most common sense of the term, S. Thus we say, J bene or bein farmer, a wealthy farmer, one who is in easy, or even in af- fluent circumstances ; a bein laird, &c. lie sees the bites grow bein, as ho grows bare. Ramsai/'s Pucms, i. 50. i. c.. the sharpers wax rich. Provision in season makes a bien house ;" Ram- sa-y's S. Prov. p. 59. She little kend, whan you and I endow'd Our hospitals for back-gann burghers gude, That e'er our siller or our lands shou'd bring A gude bien living to a back-gaun king. Fcrgusxon's Poems, ii. 87. Were your bien rooms as thinly stock'd as mine, Less ye wad loss, and less ye wad repine. Ramsai/'s Poems, ii. 67. I name yon here Tlie king of Mnres; Yon mailius three, around your house, May gar you cock fu' Oien and crousc. R. Galloicaif'x Poems, p. 136. 5. Warm, genial. In this sense it is applied to a fire, S. The callour arc pcnetratiuc and pure, Dasing the bludc in euery creature, Maid seik «arme stouis and bene fi/ris hote. Doug. Virgil, 201. 39. It occurs in the comparative, as respecting cli- mate. — Byrdis fiokkis ouer the fludis gray, Vnto the land sekand the ncrrest way, Quhen the cauld sessoun thame cachis ouer the see, Into sum bcnar realme and warme cuntre. Doug. Virgil, 174. 15. 3. Pleasant. Thir bene our setis, and beddis of fresche flouris In soft bene medois by clcre strandis al houris Our habitatioun is and residence. Doug. Virgil, 188. 45. Ahnns, Virg. The hie t) mbrellis of thare helmes schane, Lyke to behald, as bustuons aikis twane. Beside the beijne riuere Athesis grow. Doug. Virgil, 302. 28, Amocnus, Virg; 4. Happy, blissful, S. Or shou'd some canker'd biting show'r The day and a' her sweets defiow'r, To llolyrood-house let me stray, And gie to musing a' the day ; Lamenting what auld Scotland knew, liien days for ever frae her view . Fergusson's Eoems, ii. 101- 5. Splendid, showy. His schenand schoys, that burnyst was full bei/Uf His leg harnes he clappyt on so clene. IVullace, viii. 1198, MS.. It occurs in the same sense, ibid. iii. 157. Wallace knew weill, for he befor had seyne. The kings palyon, quhar it was busket beyne. Ibid. vi. 543-. That knight buskit to Schir Kay, on ane steid brouue Braissit in birneis, and basnet full bene. Gatcan and Gol. iii. 16. These examples, however, may perhaps rather be- long to Bene, adv. q. v. (j. Good, excellent in its kind. Thair saw 1 Nature, and als dame Venus, Quene, The fresche Aurora, and Lady Flora schene,— Dian the goddes chaste of woudis grene. My Lady Clio, that help of Makaris bene Dunbar, Goldin Terge, st. 9. Bann. MS. Only in MS. the reading is, probably by some- mistake of the transcriber, Thair saw I Nature, and Venus Quene, and Qucnc The fresche Aurora, &c. But their stilf swords both bein and stout. While harness dang the edges out, Bodies they made both black and bla. Sir Egcir, p. 47. 48. 1. Eager, new-fangled. People are said to be bein upon any thing that they are very fond of; Loth. In this sense baj/ie occurs in O. E. The duke of Kxcester, I und<^rsfand, Of Huntyngdon therle was to be fayne : The Marques eke of Dorset was ful bai/ne Of Somerset erle agane to bene. llardyng's Chron.T . 197. b. BEN BEN !?<•?« signifies niml)le, cIcTcr, Lancash. Gl. Grose. It is iiseil in tlio saino sense, Yorks. Riidd. thinks that the term may perhaps be from Lat. Iwiiiis, which the aiiciiut llomans wrote benuif. In Gl. Sibb. it is said; " Originally perhaps well lodged, from Sax. li^ije, habitation." But neither of these suppositions has any probability. Isl. bein-a signifies to prosper, to giy€ success to any under- taking. Minar hiditr ec munkareyni, Meinalawa for at beina. " 1 pray (Christ) that he may be pleased to give success to my journey, without any injury." Land- nam. S. p. 104. liein, as allietl to this, signilies, hospitable; beine, hospitality, hospi'is advenae ex. hibita bcneficentia. Thora geick fiulj umm beina og skeinkti hurt larli og hans monniim ; Thora mani- fested herself to be hospitable, presenting gifts to the Earl and his attendants, larla Sag. Olai Lex. Run. G. Andr. mentions the v. btina, as signifv- iitg, hospitii henelicia praestare. Beiiti, hospitality, liberality. Now, although bene does not directly signify hos- pitable, it very nearly approaches this sense. For it is common to say of one, who abundantly sup. plies his house with meat and drink, or whatever is necessary, that he "keeps a ie//* house ;" S. V. Gl. Rams. There is probably some affinity between thasc terms and MoesG. ga-bcigs, rich. Gabehi in the ablative, is rendered diviliis ; and gabigiiandaH'', divites. Ga is undoubtedly notliing more than the prefix, corresponding to A. S. ge. As we use the term, the sense of zsealthy seems- to be the primary one. The rest may, all be viewed as oblique senses, dependent on this. IVecdth gives the idea of uarmth, as it supjilies the means of heat, of which the poor are destitute. Hence, in vulgar E. rich and inarm are synon. Plea^n/d/iess, espe- cially as to the temperature of the air and climate, depends much on warmth. Sploidoiir is properly the consequence oi riches ; and the ii\v.a. oi excel- lence has often no better origin. Even eagerness, although apparently the most distant, may be view- ed as a mctaph. use of the word, from its literal sig- nification, warm. As the adv. beinly is used in the same sense, bein-. Her occurs as a comparative, formed from it. At Martinmas, when stacks were happet. And the meal kist was bienly stappet, Nac scant o' gear, nor fash't wi' weans, The tv,a lairds took a jaunt for ance To Hamilton, to sell their barley. R. Gallo-j:uij''s Poems, p. 10. Benely, Beinlt, adv. In the possession of full- ness, S. Yone carle (quod scho) my joy, dois beinlij dwell. And all prouisioun hcs Within himsell. In barne, in byre, in hall, girnell and seller, His wyfe weiris wehiot on hir gowne and coller. L. Scotland's Lament. Fol. 5. C. This refers to our old sumptuary laws. V. Be- GAIRIES. Ane man of micht and -welth I njcinej — Ane of the potentes of the toun, Quhair nane may bcinlicr sit doun, This citie all within. Philofiis, St. 45. 5. P. R. iii. 20. BENE, flJi-. Well; Fi/// 3fw, full well. He — full bciiu Taucht (hame to grub the wynes, and al the art To ere, and saw the cornes, and yoik the cart. Dong, i'irgil, 473. 25. The Knight in his colours was armed ful dene. With his comly crest, clerc to beholdo ; His brene, and his basnet, burneshed ful bene. Sir Gaican and Sir Gal. ii. 4. This word is most probably from Lat. bene, well. BENJEL, s. Aheap, a considerable quantity ; as " a benjel of coals," when many are laid at once on the fire ; S. B. One would suppose that this were q. bingcl, from bing, an heap. liensil, however, is u)>cd in the same sense in the South and West of S. as " a bcnsil of a fire ;" so that this may be the same word difler. ently pronounced. \. Bf.nselt.. BENK, BiNK, J-. A bench, a seat. It seems sometimes to have denoted a seat of honour. " For fault of wise men fools sit on benks ;" S. Prov., " spoken when we see unworthy persons in authority." Kelly, p. 105. Dan. bcnk,GcT\a. bank, scammim ; Wachter. It seems highly probable, that the term, originally denoting a rising ground on the brink of a river, has been transferred to a seat; as ffom its elevation re- sembling a gentle acclivity, and as aft'ording a proper resting-place to the m eary traveller. It confirms this idea, that, as Su.G., Isl., backc signifies colli?, ripa, the bank of a river, Su.G. baeck, Isl. beck, de- note a bench or seat, scamnum ; retaining what is considered as the primitive form of the word, without the insertion of n. Hence Isl. bnidbeck, locus con- viviis honoratior ubi Sponsa scdet ; a more hon- ourable bench or seat a]>])ropriated to the bride at a. feast; Verel. lud. V. IJixii. BENN,j. Asash; Statist. Acc.xi. 173. V. Bend. BENORTH, pre/>. To the Northward of; Be- south, to the Southward of, S. Be-northt IJrettane sulde lyand be. The owt yiys in the se. IVjjntoan, i. 13. 5'. " This present act shall begin only, and take eli'ect for those besouth the water of Die, upon the tenth' day of Februar next ; and for those benorth the. same, upon the tw enty-first day of Februar nixt to cum." Act Seder. 10 Jan. 1650. p. G4. " This makes me yet to stick at Perth, not daring to go w here the enemy is master, as he is of all Scotland beyond Forth, [i.e. besouth Forth], not so much by his own virtue as our vices." Baillie's Lett. ii. 365. BENSELL, Bensail, Bent-sail, s. l. Force, . violence of whatever kind. S. — All the sey vpstouris with an quhidder, Ouerwelfit with the benscll of the aris. Doug. Virgil, 268. 35. " Canterbury will remit nought of his bensail ; he will break ere he bow one inch ; he is born it seems B E N for his own and our destruction." Baillie's Lett. i. j!. 2. A severe stroke ; properlj' tliat which one re- ceives from a push or shove, S. 3, "A severe rebuke," Gl. Shirr. " I got a terrible btjisell ;" I was severely scolded, S. This is derived from Tcut. baitihclcu, fustigarc ; CI. Sibb. Rudd. deduces it from bend, teiulo. Su.C. biungel sigiiilies a club, also a stroke. But lludd. probably hits ou part of the origin. It is not unlikely that the word «as originally ben.t.sii/1, as alluding to a vessel driven by the force of the winds. I have met with it in two instances spelled in this way : but as the authority is not ancient, am un. certain whether this orthography might not originate from the writer's own conjecture as to the origin of the Mord ; especially as he elsewhere spells it other- wise. " The diligence and power, both of devils, and all kind of human eneinies, being in their extreme bent- sail of opposition, either now or never to overthrow «s, so much the more should your courage be to pray." Baillie's Lett. i. 433. " I found the btnl-sail of the spirits of some so much on the engagement, that all things else were like to be neglected. Ibid. ii. 306. To Bensel, v. a. To bang, or beat, Gl. Sibb. " Baiscl, To beat or bang. Vox rustica. Yorksb." Gl. Grose. BENSHAW, Beanshaw, s. A disease, appa- rently of horses. Bock-blood and Uensliuic, spewen sprung in the s|)ald. Pulwurt, Walsall's Coll. jii. 13. V. Cleiks. Bcn'/irtiv, i). butiesliato, seems to be the same with Boncsliavc, " bony or horny excrescence or tumour growing out of horses heels ; perhaps so called from a distant resemblance to the substance of a bone spavin : also, the scratches. Exmore." Gl. Grose. Perhaps rather from A. S. ban, Teut. been os, and hcf, elcvatio ; q. the swelling of the bone. BENSHIE, Benshi, s. Expl. " Fairy's wife." " In certain [ilaccs the death of |)eople is supposed to be foretold by the cries and shrieks of Benshi, or the Fairies wife, uttered along the very path where the funeral is to pass." Pennant's Tour in S. 1769, p. 205. Sibb. here refers to Teut. bcnz, diabolus, from bann, excomniunicatus. It has been observed, that '' this being, who is still reverenced as the tutelar daemon of ancient Irish families, is of pure Celtic o- rigin, and owes her title to two Gaelic words, Ben and si;^hian, signifying the head or chief of the fai. rics," Kdin. Rev. Oct. 1803, p. 203. But it seems rather derived from Ir. Gael, ben, bean a woman, !>aid by Obrien to be the root of the Lat. Venus, and .v/i,'/ic a fairy or hobgoblin. BENT, s. 1. A coarse kind of grass, growing on hilly ground, S. Agrostis vulgaris, Linn. Common hair-grass. 2. The coarse grass growing on the sea-shore, S. B E 11 denoting the Triticum junciuni, and also the A- rundo arenaria. Aruudo arenaria : Sea-wecd grass. Anglis. Bent Scotis. Lightfoot, p. 107. " These authors call them [windlestrays] also bents and bent-^rass. But S. by bent we rounnon- ly understand, a kind of grass that grows in sandy ground ou the sea-shore." lludd. vo. Wiindil. stray. '• The blowing of the sand has also spread desola- tion over some of the most beautiful and best land, not only in this island [Wesfray], but also in .San- day. SVith respect to the latter, in particular, this destructive eflcct has been evidentl} produced by the injudicious custom of cutting, or even pulling, for various purposes, a plant here named bent (arenosa arundo, Lin.) which seems to take delight in a soil of this nature. Barry's Orkney, p. hM. 3. The open field, the plain, S. Bot this Orsilochus lle(f her in the feyld. And gan to trumpe with niony aue lurnyng went ; In cirkillis wide sche draue h) ui on the bent. With mony ane cours and jouk about, about; Quhare cucr he fled sche follows him in and out. Doug. Virgil, 389. 26. A laird of twa good whistles and a kent, Twa curs, my trusty tenants on the bent. Is all my great estate, and like to be ; Sae, cunning carle, ne'er bre.ik your jokes on me, Ranisa^\v Pnems, ii. 120. The open field seems to have received this denomi- nation, because jiasture ground often abounds with that coarse kind of grass called Agrostis vulgaris. 4. To gae to the bent, to provide for one's safety, to flee from danger, by leaving the haunts of men ; as it is also vulgarly said, to tak the cun- trie on his bad. And he start up anone, And thankit them ; syn to the bent is gone. Jlenrjjsone^s Lijoun and Mous, Evergreen, i. 197. A dyvour buys your butter, woo, and cheese. But or the day of payment breaks and flees ; With glowman brow the laird seeks in his rent, 'Tis no to gie, your merchant's to the bent. Ramsaj/''s Poems, ii. 82. Teut. bieiidse ; Germ, bintz, bins, a rush, juncus, scirpus. Queniadmodum Lainiisjiuiciis, a jungendo dieitur, ijuod aliquid eo jungi possit ; ita Germanis bin/z a bindeii, viucere, quia sportas, sellas, fiscellas, et similia ex juncis contexinius ; Wachlcr. Benty, Bentey, ailj. Covered with bent-grass. S. " Southward from Do ward lyes ane ile upon the shore, namit Elian xMadie be the Erishe ; it is very guid for store, being bcntejj ; it i)ertains to iM'Gilly- anc of Doward." Monroe's lies, p. 22. To BER on hand. V. Bear. BERBER, s. Barberry, a shrub. Uiuler a lorer ho was light, that lady so small. Of box, and of berber, bigged ful bene. Sir Gaican and Sir Gol. i. 6. L. B. berberis, Sw. id. BERE, s. Noise, also, to Bere. V. Beir. BERE, .f. Boar. B E R -. ThcToniy here has bet AV}th hys thiinderand awful tuskis grete, — Ane of the rout tlie hound maist priiicipall. Doug. J'irgtl, 458. 5 i. jiper, Maflci. BERE, s. Barley. Of all corne thare is copy gref, Pose, and atys, here and qwhct. 'iVjfntoicn, i. 13. G. V. Bar. BERGLE, Bergell, s. The wrasse, a fish, Orkn. " The Wrasse (labrus tinra, Lin. Syst.) that has here got the name of bergle, frequents such of our shores as have high rocks aad deep water." Barry's Orkney, p. 389. It is also written bergell. V. Mild. From the attachment of this fish to rocks, mention, ed also by Pennant, Zool. iii. 203. the first syllable of its name is undoubtL'dly from Isl. berg, a rock. Had it any resemblance to the eel, we might suppose the last from aal, q. the rock eel. But the propriety of this designation does not appear. BERHEDIS, s. pi. Heads of boars. Thre berhedis he hair, As his eldaris did air, Quhilk bcirnis in Britane wair Of his blude bkd. Gauan and Gal. ii. 23. V. Bere. BERIT, imperf. V. BziR, v. To BERY, Beryss, Berisch, v. a. To inter, to bury. First se that him to his lang hame thou haue, And as efiferis gar bery him in graue. Doug. I'irgil, 168. 15. — Our the wattyr on till hir houss him brotht, To beri/ss him als gudlye as scho mocbt. IVallace, ii. 320. MS. " Siclyke supersticion is aniang thame, that will nocht berisch or erde the bodis of thair frcindis on the North part of the kirk yard, trowand that thair is mair halynes or vertew on the South syde than on the North." Abp. Uamiltoun's Catechisme, 1551, Fol. 23. a. A. S. bijrig-an, id. This, as Junius conjectures, is from byrig, which not only signifies a hill, but a tu- mulus or mound, one of that description in which the ancients used to bury their dead. Hence he says that A. S. byrig-an is literally, tumulare. This is very plausible. It may, however, be supposed that the primitive idea is found in Isl. birg-ia, Franc, berg, an, to cover, to hide, to defend. Beriis, j. Sepulture, " The body of the queue (becaus scho slew hir self) wes inhibit to lye in cristin beriis." Bellend. Cron. B. ix. c. 29. Sacra sepultura, Boeth. A. S. byrigels, sepultura. Birielis is accordingly used by Wiclif for tombs. " Anon a man in an unclene spirit ran out of birielis to him." Mark 3. Berynes, Beryniss, s. Burial, interment. And he deyt thareftir sone ; And syne wes brocht till berynes. Barbour, iv. 334. MS. B E R The dede bodycs out of siciit he gart cast, Baith in the houss, and with out at war dede, V of his awne to beryni^D he gart leid. JVallace, iv. 498. MS. A. S. byrignesse, sepultura. BERY BROUNE, 3 shade of brown approach- ing to red. Bery brounc wes t1i(*bIonk, bitrely and braid, Upone the mold qahare thai met, before (he myd day. Gaz:an and Gol. ii. 19. Eons the sfede, with ruby hammys rede, Abufe the seyis liftis furth his hedc, Of cullour sore, and some dele hroune as bery. Doug. Virgil, 399. 3i. Wc still say, " as brown as a berry," S. A. S. leria, bacca. Sore, i. e. sorrel. BERLE, s. Beryl, a precious stone- Ilk brcnchc had the bcrlc, birth barely and bclld, Sone llurcst on riall grittest of gre. Houtate, ii. 8. MS. From this s. Doug, forms the adj. beriall, shiniu^ like boryl. — The new cullour alichting all the landis Forgane the sfanryis schenc and beriall strandis. Doug. Virgil, 400. 10. BERLY,^-. The bevar hoir said to this berly berne, This brcif thow sail obey sone, be thow bald ; Thy stait, thy strenth, thocht it be stark and sterne. The feveris fell, and eild, sail gar the fald. Hcnrysone, Bunnalyne Poems, p. 133. Lord Hailes overlooks this word. It is the same, I suspect, with E. burly, strong; which has been derived from Belg. boor and lik, q. " having the strength of a boor." If berly be the ancient word, there arc two other derivations which seem to have a preferable claim ; either from Germ, bar, vir ilhis- tris ; or from bucr, ursus ; especially as Su.G. Horn, id. was raetaph. used to denote an illustrious person- age. BERN, Be^ne, s. 1. a baron. The Erie off Kent, that cruel berne and bauld, AVith gret wor<^chip tuk ded befor the King; For him he murnyt, als lang as he raycht ryng. Wallace, vi. 049. MS. In Perth edit, it is baron bald; but erroneously. 2. It is often used in a general sense, as denoting a man of rank, or authority, v^'hether he be a baron, or a sovereign ; or one who has the ap- pearance of rank, although the degree of it be unknown. The renk raikit to the Roy, w ifh his riche rout ; — Salnst the bauld berne, with ane blith wout, AnB furlenth before his folk, on feildis sa faw. Gaican and Gol. iv.. 22.. It is Arthur, who is here called berne. 3. A man in general. For he may not eschape on nowthir syde, For fere of houndis, and that awfull berate' Beryng shaftis fedderit with plumes of the erne.. Doug. Virgil, 439. 22. This " awfull berne" is " the huntar stout,!*' mentioned, rer. 16., BAR Rii Jis hcs ano bftti-r law na bcriih be iiuiUif. Tliat ilk )c'ir, willi now joy. y>y'\s anc make. Dunbar, Sliiillaiid Poems, p. 46. " Barnc or brriw," Mr Pinkcrlou says, " at first Mas ail upiiillatioii of honour, as inii)lying a inan of capacity; wUluci; Buro .inii liaroii ; next, it meant simply a man ; and now in Scotish, and North-Eng- lish, a child. Such is the |)roi;iV5sioii of words." Notes, Maiilaiid Poems, p. 388. He is certainly right in viewing tlie term as primarily a title of hon- our; but it is very doubtful if Oaru and baron, the former esi)ecially, be from bcrnc. Both Uudd. and he err in confounding this word with barn, a child. It is more probable (hat bcrn, as originally corre- sponding to vir, and si'condarily to Iwmo, is radical. ly a ditlercnt word from bcrn, or rather barn, as de- noting a child.. For not only is barn used in the latter sense by Lflpliiias, who certainly wrote before barne or berne was used to signify a man ; but in A. S. while beam signifies a child, baron denotes a man, homo, Lye; bcorne, princeps, homo, Benson; " a prince, ii nobleman, a man of honour and digni- ty," Soniner. MoesG. barn, infans, is undoubtedly from bair- an, which not only signifies to beget, but also to bring forth. Bern, as denoting a man, in an honourable sense, may be from A. S. bar, free, or Lat. baro, used by Cicero, as equivalent to a lord or peer of the realm. According to the ancient Scholiast on Pcr- sius, the servants of soldiers were called barona. Some think that bcrn has its origin from Isl. beam, beam, ^uXi. b/orn, a bear; as the ancient Scan- dinavians used to give this as an appellation of hon- our to princes; and as it was common, in barbarous times, for a warrior to assume the name of some wild beast, to denote his courage, strength, &c. BERN, s. A barn, a place for laying up and threshing grain. The king faris with his folk, our firthis and fellis ; — Withoutin bcilding of blis, of bcrn, or of byre. Gaican and Gol. i. 3. On to the bcrn sadly he couth persew, Till enter in, for he na pcrell knew. Wallace, vii. "265. MS. A.S. bcrn, id. Junius supposes that this is comp. of here, barley, and cm, place, q. " the place where barley is deposited." Gl. Goth. ; to. Burhcinans. Ihre gives the very same etymon ; Prooem. xxvi. BERSIS, s. " A species of cannon formerly much used at sea. It resembled the faucon, but was shorter, and of a larger calibre ;" Gl. Compl. " Mak reddy your cannons, culuerene moycns, cnluerene bastardis, falcons, saikyrs, half saikyrs, and half falcons, slangis, iSj half slaugis, quartar slangis, hede stikkis, murdrcsaris, pasiiolaiis, bcrsis, doggis, duiibil bcrsis, hagbiitis of croche, half hag- gis, culuerenis, ande hail schot." Complaint S. p. C>4. Fr. burce, bcrche, " the piece of ordnance called abase;" Cotgr. pi. barces, bcrches. BERTH, s. Than past thai fra the Kyng in weith, B E S And shv, and heryid in thare herfh, IVyntoicn, vii. 9. 47. Mr Macphcrson renders this ratrc, from Isl. and Sw. bracdc, id. This is highly probable ; especially as the word may be transposed in the same manner as ti-crth for v:rclh in the preceding line. BERTHINSEK, Birdinsek, Burdinseck. The law of Bcrthinsek, a law, according to which no man was to be punished capitally for stealing a calf, sheep, or so much meat as he could carry- on his back in a sack. " Be the law of Birdinsch, na man suld die, or be hanged for the thieft of ane scheepe, ane weale : or for sameikle mcate as he may beare vpon liis backe in ane seek : bot all sik thieues suld pay anc schiepc or ane cow, to him in quhais land he is taken : and mair.over suld be scurged." Skene Verb. Sign, in vo. This in Ucg. INIaj. B. iv. c. 16. is called Ybur jiununsecu. This would seem to be a corr. of an A. S, phrase, in consequence of the carelessness of some early copyist, who had not adverted to the A. S. character which has the power of th, q. ge-biirthyn in saeca, a burthen in a sack ; or from gc-beor-a, portare. BERTYNIT, Bertwyt, pret. and fart. pa. Struck, battered. The Inglissmen, that won war in that steid, With outyn grace tliai bertntjt thaim to deid. ll'uUacc, iv. 490. MS. XX and ix thai left in to that steiue, Oil Sothroun men that bcrfijnit war to dede. Void. iii. 400. MS. This is evidently (he same with Bkittyn, q. v. BESi\.ND, Beisand, .f. An ancient piece of gold coin, offered by the French kings at the mass of their consecration at Rheims, and called a Bysantiiie, as the coin of this description was first struck at Byzantium or Constantinople. It is said to have been worth, in French money, fifty pounds Tournois. Silver and gold, that I micht get Bc/sandK, brotches, robes and rings, Frelie to gife, I wald nocht let, To pleise the mulls attonr all things. Kennedy/, Evergreen, i. 116. As only tliirtecn were usually struck, they would be accounted great rarities; an I hence the term might come to be used as expressive of any valuable orna- ment, especially one suspended from the neck as a J«W« or locket. The modern Fr. name is be sunt ; Chaucer, id. Rom. Kose. It has been supposed (hat the name was brought into Europe, or the AVcsfern parts of it, by those who were engaged in the crusades. R. Glouc, iu- decd, giving an account of the consequences of a vic- tory gained by the chieftains in Palestine, says; Vyfty hors of prys the kyng of the londe, And vyfty thousend bcsuns, he sendc hem by hys sonde. P." 409. The besant, however, was known, even in ICng- land, long before this period. The crusades did not comiripuce till the eleventh century. It was not till the year 1096, that the famous expedition under B E S 13 E S Peter the Ilermit -was undortakon. But Dinistan, archbishop of Canterbury, piircliasod Ileiidoa in ^liildlesex, of kiiij; I'ldi^ar, for two luuidri'd LSizaii. tines, as appears, accordin;^ (o Caiiidcii, from the original deed. No«, Dunstaii was |)ronioled to tlie see of Canterbury, A. 900. llenee it is not only erident, that liesants were cnrreut in Kujiland at this time, but probable tliat they were the onl) ijohl coin then in use. So coiiiph'teiy, however, was the value of these coins forgotten by the time of J'Idw. III. tliat when, according to aa Act of Parliament passed ill the reign of the Conqueror, the Bishop of Nor- wich was condemned to pay a Bi/.antine of ijold to the Abbot of St Kdmoudsbury, for encroaching ou his liberty, no one could tell what was the value of the coin ; so tliat it became necessary to refer the amount of the fine to the will of the sovereign. Camden expresses his surprise at this circumstance, as, only about an luindred \ears before, " two hun. dred thousand bizauts were exacted of [by] tlie Sol- dan, for the redeeming of St Lewis of !•' ranee, whicii were then valued at an huudrod thousand luiirx." Utmaius, p. '23.5, '2JG. It may be viewed, perhaps, as a proof of the \in- certaintv of the value of this coin in the time of F.dw. III. that AN'iclif, «lio h rote towards tlif end of his reign, uses the term hesauitl as equivalent to lalcnl. " To oon lie gaf fyve titlfiilix. — ,\nd he that had fyve bcsiniiitif wente forthe and wroughtc in hem, ic wanne othir fy\i:." ^latt. o.j. To BESEJKh '"• "• To beseech, to intreat. Wc the bcsoik., this dav be fortuuabill To vs Tyrrianis, liappy and aggreabiU To strangearis cumm\ n fra Troy in thare vyagc. Doii'^. lirgil, 36. 34. A. S. Oc and .icc-(i», to seek ; Belg. vcr-soc/ccii, to solicit, to intreat : ^loesC. .tu'.-jiiii, to ask, used with respect to prayer; Mark i.\. 'i I. BESY, arij. Busy. In hcsi/ trawelle he wcs av Til helpe his laud on mouv wys- And til confounde his iunymyis- Wjjntuicn, viii. 38. 102. A. S. bi/si^ Bclg. besigh, id. ; allied perhaps to Teut. bt/xe turbatus, bij<:-eii, violeuto impetu agitari, bijic, furens impetus aeris. Besynes, s. Business. This eldest — brodyre Karoloman drew hyui fra all bcxijnes, A mounk 1} vand in wildyrnes. fVj/ii(oii>i, vi. 4. 45. BESYNE, Bysene, Bysim, J. Expl. "whore, " bawd," Gl. Sibb. V. BiSYM. BESHACHT, part. pa. 1. Not straight, dis- torted, Ang. 2. Torn, tattered; often including the idea of dirtiness ; Perths. The latter seems to be an oblique use. V. Shacht. To BESLE, or Bezle, -u^ n. To talk much at random, to talk inconsiderately and boldly on a subject that one is ignorant of; Ajig. Belg. bcu'cl-cn., to trillc, to fable ; Teut. bcusel- CH, naugari. Besle, Bezle, beusel., id. s. Idle talking : Ang. Belg. BESMOTTRIT, part. pa. Bespattered, fouled. And with that wourd His face he schew bcsnuitlrit for iine bourde, And all his membris in mude and dung bedoyf. Doug, f'irgil, 139. 30. Skinner isataloss whether to derive this word from A.S. bcfmj/t-aii, maculare, inquinare. It is re- moli-lv connected with this, and with Belg. smcft-cit ; but more immediately allied to Belg. ben/iodcler.cii, (ierm. srhmadci-n, schiiiailer-n, to stain, S. to siiiuiltl, Su.G. s>iiilt-(i. The most ancient form in v\liieh the radical word appears is MoesG. biimait, anointed, Joh. ix. G. BESOUTH, prep. To the southward of. V. Benorth. BEST, part. pa. Struck, beaten. For thai with in war rycht worthy; And thaim di'feud) t douchtely ; And ruschyt thair fayis ost agaync, Sum if'/, sum woun(h t, sum als slayne. j}(nbuiir, iv. 91. IMS. This w ord in MS. might perliaps be read bcff. fn edit. ItS'io, it is baissc('. \. Baist. BEST, part. pa. Thar bassyiiettis buinyst all [brycht] Agayni' the sou gleuiand of lycht: Thar speris, pennouvs, and thair scheldis. Oil Ivelif enlum\ nv t all the feldis : Thar best and browcUi; « es brvcht baneris, And horss hc«yt on ser maneris. Jirirbdiir, viii. 229. In MS. briclit is wanting in the lirst line, and all added to the second. Hot seems to convey some idea nearly allied to ' that expresstHl by 6/-ciiC(/^«; perhaps, flutteriug, or ^ shaken; Isl. ic_(/.v/-/, concutio. "^ ^ * BEST, jv " Beast, any animal not human/' Gl. Wynt. — Kftyre that he wcs broucht on berc. Til a l)\syut bcyf all Iv ke Seue he wes besyd a dyke. That nere-hand a myll wes made. For bath hewvd and tale he had As a hors, and liii body All til a berc wes mast lykly. IVifiitoKu, vi. 13. 59. The term is still used in this general sense, S. pro- nounced (f. baist, S. B. BEST-MAN, s. Brideman ; as best-maid is bride-maid ; from having the principal offices in waiting on the bride ; S. BESTIAL (oJ~ Tre) s. An engine for a siege. Ramsay gert byg Strang batials oil tre. Be gud wrychtis, the best in that cuntre : Quiian thai war wrocht, betaucht thaim men to leid The wattir doun, quhill thai come to that steid. fVallace, vii. 976. MS. It seems doubtful, Lf they were battering engines. From v. 986, it is probable that they were merely wooden towers. A row me passage to the wallis thaim dycht, FeiU bcstiuU rycht starkly w p t-hai raiss, Gud men off arrays sone till assailyc gais. V. also xi. 877-. BET Although in MS. bvslials is the word used, it is /)iiy/aili/ie.i, edit. 1648. It Reems uncertain, whether tliis w ord be formed from Lat. hcstiaUs, as at first applied to the engines called ramx, sotcs, &c., or from l'"r. baslillc, a lower; L. U. baslillac. Bcstc mine is expl. Troiue, Gi. Isidor. Some, Iiowevcr, reail liestiuc Majuc. BESTIALITE', s. Cattle. '' There he sate his felicitc on the manuring of the corne lande, & in the keping of bestkdi/c.'" Com. plaint S. p. 68. 1,. 15. besdalia, pecudes ; Fr. bestail. BESTREIK,/)n/-^./>rt. Drawn out; gold bestreik^ gold wire or twist. Thair girtcns wer of gold hesireijc ; Thair legs wer thairwith fiirneist eik. ifiirel, Watson's Coll. ii. 12. Tent, bc-sireck.en, extendere. BEST\JRTEI>, part. pa. Startled, alarmed, af- frighted, S. Germ, hesttirz-en, to startle ; besturzt sei/n, to be startled. Hence Fr. estoiirdi, Ital. stourdito. Wach- tcr derives the Germ, word from Celt. Iisrdd, din ; Stadeniiis, frtmi stor-cn, to disturb. Ihre views Isl. s/ird-r, rigid, immoveable, as the root. BESWAKIT, part. fia. — And aft bc.iieafcit with an owre hie tyde, Qi\hilk brews richt meiklo barret to thy bryd : llir care is all to clenge, &c. Duiibiir, Evergreen, p. 57. st. 18. Ramsay renders thi^s blanched, supposing that there is an allusion to the sleeping of malt. It refers to the filthy ert'ects of drunkenness ; and seems merely to mean sol;cd\ Isl. sock, mergor, sutikv-u, mergi. To BESWEIK, -J. a. To allure ; to beguile, to deceive. This word is used by Gower in his account of the Syrens. In womens voyce they syngc With notes of so great lykinge, Of suclii' measure, of suche rausyke, Wherof the shippes they bcxjsijkc. Cnnf. Am. Fol. 10. A. S. s:cic-an, besiaic-an, Isl. svik.ia. Alcm. bi~ siiich-en, Su.G. szcik.a, Germ, schioick-cn, id. ^Y.T,pret. Struck. Thair stedis stakkerit in the stour, and stude stuni- nierand, Al to stitTdlit, andstonayt; the strakis war sa Strang. Athir bcrnc braithly bet, with ane bright brand. (juican and Gol. ii. 25. .A.S. beat-uti, Su.G. bet-a ; lu bete, thou hast struck. BET, Bett, pret. and part. Helped, supplied. V. Beit. Bet, part. pa. Built, erected. In wourschip eik, within hir palice yet. Of hir (irsi husband, was ane tempill bet Of marbill, and hald in ful grete reuerencc. Dong, yirgil, 1 10. 2. This is a secondary and obli(juo sense of the v. licit, (|. V. As it ])roperly signilies to repair, it has occasionally been used for building in the way of re. paration, and thence siMij)ly for building. BET Bet, adj. Better. Ve knaw the cause of all my pcyncs smeri Bet than myself, and all myn auenture Ye may conueyc, and, as yow list, conuert The hardest hert that formyt hath nature. A(;?if'.v Qiiair, iii. 2S. — Misbed non Ihi bond men, that better migh thou spede, Though he be thi vnderling here, wel it may hap. ' pen in heuen. That he wer worthelicr set, & with more blis Thau thou, but Ihou do be/, and liue as thou shoulde. P. Ploughman, Fol. 31. b. i. c. " except thou do better." A. S. bet, Teut. but, bet, melius, polius, magis ; Alem. bus, baz, nielior, the compar. of bat, bonus. A. S. bet-an, emendare, and the other synon. verbs in the Northern languages, have been viewed as ori. ginating the term. Bet, indeed, seems to be merely the past part., mended, i. c. made better. BETANE, part. pa. — To the Lord off Lorne said he ; Sekyrly now may ye se Betanc the starkest pundelayn That ewyr your lyfF tyrae ye saw tane. Barbour, iii. 159. MS. The sense of this word is very doubtful. It can. not mean beaten, or taken; for neither of these was the case. Perhaps it may refer to the narrow place in which Bruce was inclosed. Thai abaid till that he was Entryt in ane narow jjlace Betwix a louch.sid and a bra; That wes sa si rait, Ik wnderta, That he mycht not wcill turn his sted. Ibid. V. 107. A. S. bcticn-en, beti/n-an, to inclose, to shut up. BETAUCHT, Betuk. Delivered, committed in trust ; delivered up. V. Betech. To BETECH, Beteach, ■y.fl. To deliver up; to consign ; hetiik., pret. bctaucht, pret. and part. pa. This word occurs in a remarkable passage concern- ing James Earl of Douglas. — Yeit haf Ik herd oft syss tell, That he sa gretly dred wes than. That quhcn wiwys wald childre ban, Thai wald, rycht with an angry face, Betech them to the blak Douglas. Barbour, xv. 538. MS. Edit. 1620, betake; edit. Pink, bcteth. lie him betuk on to the haly gaist, Saynct Jhonc to borch thai suld meite haill and sound. Wallace, v. 462. MS. The King betaucht hym in that steid The endeniur, the seile to se. And asky t gyff it ensely t he ? Barbour, i. 610. MS. Than scho me has betaucht in keiping Of ane swcit nymphe maist faithful! and decoir. Palice of Honour, ii. 33. — In the woful batal and melle To ane vnhappy chance betaucht is sche. Doug, f'irgil, 385. 8. Hence " the common Scots expression, God I be- tcach me till,^^ .Rudd. ; and that used by Ramsay, B E V B E U Betootch-us.to ; i.e. Let us commend ourselrcs to the protection of some superior being. Uetootih.ii-.to! and well 1 wat that's true; Awa 1 awa ! the duel's our grit wi' j ou. Poems, ii. 120. It is printed girf, liut undoubtedly from mistake. O. E. bitoke, committwl; aho bitaiighle/t, bitakun, bitauht. Thei custe heore dohter thare, . Bitaitghtcn hire God for eiiermo. Kif/ig of Tars, V. 3-J6. " They kissed their daughter, and committed her to God," &c. " JNIannos sone schal be bitukun to princis of prestis & scribis : — and they schulen bita/cc him to hethcne men to be scorned, and scourged." Wiclif, yun. 20. Unto Kyngeston the first wouke of May Com S. Dunstau. opon a Sonendny, & of allc the lond crle .Jc baroun, To Eilred, Edgar sonne, bitauht him the coroun. R. liruniie, p. 37. A.S. bctaec-aii, tradcre ; be/aehte, tradidit. Taec- /?.'(, in its simple form, signifies jnbt're, praeciperc, Lye; but according to Somner, is used " as betaccan ; tradere, concedere, assignarc, commcndare ; to de- liver, to grant, to assign or appoint, to betake or re- commend unto ;" Taec-un has also the sense of E. take. But this is an oblique use of tlic term, borrow- ed from the idea of an act of deliverance preceding. Should fake be viewed as radically a different verb, it might properly enough be traced to MoetG. tek- an, to touch. BETHLERIS. Leg. Bechleris. Bachelors. Than rerit thir murlionis that montis so he Furth borne bechleris bald in the bordouris. lloulute, iii. 1. MS. The poet represents hawks of this kind as knights bachelors. To BETRUMPE, v. a. To deceive. Jupiter (quod scho) sail he depart ? ha fy ! And lefull till ane wauyiigour straungere Me and ray rcalme betrumpe on thes manere? Doug. Firgil, 120. 49. V. Trump. To BETREYSS, Betrase, v. a. To betray. It wts fer wer than tratoury For to betrei/ss sic a persoune, So nobill, and off sic renoune. Barbour, iv. 23. MS. Befrasit, Douglas ; befraissed, Wallace ; betrais. ed, Chaucer ; be/raisf, R. Brunne, p. 49. Whiloiii Eilred my lord he him betraist to yow, & my - Dnne Edmundc thorgh trcson he slouh. Germ, ti icg-en, betrieg-en; Fr. trah-ir, id. trahi~ son, trcn^on. BETWZESH, /.«/>. Betwixt, S. V. Atweesh. BEVA? , s. One who is worn out with age. The ''••-car hoir said to this berly berne, This brief thow sail obey sone, be thow bald. Henri/sone, Bannatjjne Poems, p. 133. Lord Haiks overlooks this word. It is evidently from the same source with Bavard, adj. q. v. Mr Piukerton says that bevis, Maitl. P. p. 112. ought probably to be Bevis, the hero of romance.'' But it is clear, that both this word and clevis arc er- roneously spelled. To make either rhyme or sense, the passage must be read thus. Suppois I war an aid yaid aver, Schott furth our cleuchs to squishe the clevir, And had the strenthis of all strene bevir, I v.ald at Voul be housit and staid. We still say a bevir-horse for a lean horse, or one worn out with age or hard work ; S. BEVEL, s. A stroke ; sometimes, a violent push with the elbow, S. He sayes now. Is thy brother gone ? With that Truth took him by the neck, And gave him their, as some suppone. Three brvch till he gard him beck. Manifs Trulh''s Travels, PeniicctiiVs Poems, p. 92. This is a derivative from Bntf, bejf, q. v. BEVEREN, Beveuand, />fir^.//-. lie glisscd up with his cightn, that grey wer, and grete ; With his bevercn berde, on that burdc bright. Sir Gaivitn and Sir Gal. ii. 2. This is mentioned in the Gl. as not understood. Perhaps the phrase signifies his full or flowing beard ; from A. S. bej'tr-aii, circiimdare ; or as the same with beverand, which Sibb. renders " shaking, nod- ding ;" deriving It from Tent. Iiev-cn, contrcinere. This is a provincial E. word. " lievering, trembling. North." C; I.Grose. " LVAier, to tremble." Ibid. BEVIE, (of a fire) s. A term used to denote a great tire ; sometimes, bevice, S. Perhaps from E. bavin, " a stick like those bound up in faggots," Johnson. It is thus used in O. E. " Though I blazed like a bevin, yet now I lie smothering like wet straw." Saker's Narbonus, Part II. p. 46. BEVIE, s. A jog, a push, S. from the same source with bevel. V. Baff, s. BEVIS. V. Bevar. BEUCH, s. Cgutt.) A bough, a branch, S. Amiddis ane rank tre lurkis a goldin bench. With aureate leuis, and tlexibil twistis teuch. Doug. nrgil,l67. 41. A. S. hoga, boh, id. from bug-an to bend. BEUCHIT,/>^r/./>ff. Cgutt.) Bowed, crooked, S. — To the streme thay turnit thare foreschip, Kest doun thare beuchit ankeris ferme of grip. Doug. Virgil, 162. 23. A. S. bug-an, curvare. BEUGH, s. (gutt.) A limb, a leg. Border. Sym lap on horse-back lyke a ra?. And ran him till a hcuch ; Says, AVilliam, cum rydc down this brae, Thocht ye suld brek a beugh. Scott, Evergreen, ii. 183. st. 16. Who came and tuik her by the beugh. And with a rung both auld and teugh, Laid on her, while she bled eneug!'., And for dead left her lying. iVatson's Coll. i. 46. Isl. bog, Alem. puae. Germ, bug, id. The term is applied both to man and to other animals ; as Isl. i-orderbug, the forequarter, hinderbug. the hinder- 'fiuarter. Both Ihre and Wachter view bug-etiy i» B E \y Ueud, as the origin ; as it is by muans of its joints tliat ail animal bends itself. It is evidently of the .same I'anilly with Hinii lit, (|. v. REUGLE-BACKED, tu^: Crook-backed. — Bcuglc-bacU'di bodied like a beetle. IVatxon^s Coll. ii. 5 1. A. S. bug. an, to bow: Tent, boechcl, gibbiis. Germ, biigcl, a diniin. from bug, denotini; any liiiiiij curved or circnlar. It is undoubtedly the same word that is now pronounced buolie-buckit, S. BEUKE,/);rf. -J. Baked. For skant of vittale, the cornes in quernis of sfane Tliay grand, and syne beuke at the fyre ilkane. Doug. Virgil, 18. 37. A. S. boc, prct. of bacaii, pinscre. BEULD, adj. Bow-legged, Ang. ; q. heugeld from the same origin with beiigle, in Beugk-bucked, q. v. BEW, udj. Good, honourable. Bew schyris, or schirris, good Sirs. Fr. bcau^ good. Yit by my selfe 1 fynd this prouerbe pcrfytc, The blak craw thinkis hir awin birdis quhyte. Sa faris with me, beio schyris, wil ye herk. Can not persaif an fait in al my werk. Doug, t'lrgil, 272. 31. Lo this is all, bczc schirris, have gude day. Ibid. 484. 32. To BEWAVE, Bewaue, v. a. To cause to wander or waver. Kneas the biuike on hie lias cluminyn, w} de (pihare bihaldand the large sic, (iyf ony scliy|) tliaron uiirht be persauit, Quhilk late before the windis had beicuvit. Doug. Virgil, 18. 41. Eneas, as Virgil weill discriues, In countreis seir was by the seyis rage, Jieicuuit oft Pulicc of Honour, iii. 39. A. S. tctif-iun, vacillare, Uuctuare. BEWIS, Bewys, s. pi. Boughs. The place wyth ilourys and garlandis stentys the Quonc, And crounys about wyth fiuieral betcj/s grene. Doug. Virgil, 117. 47. V. Beucii. BEWIS, s. pi. Beauties. O. Fr. beau., beauty. • Of ladyes bewtie to dcclair I do rejois to toll : — Sucit, sueit is thair bcicis, Ay whil thai be contractit. Mtiitliiiid Poems, p. 187. BEWITH, s. A thing which is employed as a substitute for another, although it should not answer the end so well. This bexiitli, when cnnyic is scanty, AVill keep them frae making din. Ramsuj/\ IVorks, ii. 288. One who arrives, when the regular dinner is eaten, is said to get " only a bncitli for a dinner," S. From the subst. V. conjoined with the prep., q. what one tnust submit to for a time. To BEWRY, V. a. To pervert, to distort. Than wald I knaw the cause and resoun quhv. That ony mycht iieruerl or yit bncrj/ 'I'liy couimauiidemenlis : Doug. Virgil, 31.'{. 41. Verterc, Virg. Tcut. zcrocgh-eii, torquerc, angere. B Y BY, prep. 1. Beyond, S. " The infinite favour of God, which hath been ever ready to the just, has caused the victory to in- cline to us bij expectation of man's engyne." Pits, cottie, p. 30. 2. Besides, over and above. In this same year, [loll] the King of Scotland bigged a great ship, called 'J'ltc great Michael, which was the greatest ship, and of most strength, that ever sailed in Kngland or France. For this shiii- was of so great stature, and took so much timber, that, exce])t Falkland, she wasted all the woods in Fife, which was oak-wood, bj/ all timber that was gotten out of Norroway. She was twelve score foot of length, and thirty-six foot within the sides. She was ten foot thick in the wall, outed jests of oak in her wall, and boards on ever} side, so stark and so thick, that no canon could go through her." Pits- cottie, p. 107. 3. Away from, without, without regard to, con- trary to. Concerning the slaughter of Cumyn, it is said ; The King him seltf him slew In till Drumfress, quhar witnes was inew. That hapri) s wrang, our gret haist in a King; Till wyrk ij/ law it maj scaith mckill thing. Wallace, xi. 1188. MS. The mater went all set to crueltie ; Full mony goddis and the heuynnis hie To wytnes drew he, all was bi/ his wyll : Bot all for nocht, nane tent was tak tharetyll. Doug. Virgil, 228. 36. The first is hardy all out btj raesure. Of tyme nor resoun geuis he na cure. Ibid. 354. 50. Bij, as thus used, is sometimes directly contrasted with be, as signify ing hi/ in the modern .sense of the term. " For I dar bakllye say, thair sal mair inconvcni- entis follow on al thingis (juhilkis ar done bij ane ordour, nor to thole the abuse to the tynic God pro. uidc ane remcid be ane ordour. As be exerapyll, in cais thair be ane part of the dike quhilk is consumit, i^; seruis of not, y it euery man quhilk passis by, suld not cast doun the place quhilk he thynkis falteis at his plesour, bot suld (geue his zele be godlie) schaw to the gardnar to quham it appcrteuis to correct the fait. Thus suld christin men scik reformatioun (& that be ane ordour) and nocht plane distructioun, and confiisioun, as men dois in thir dayis." Kennedy, Commendalar of Crosraguell, p. 73,74. A. 1558. V. Abbot of Vnressoun. This may be viewed as an oblique sense of bi) as sig. nifying bei/ond ; perhaps in allusion to an arrow that flics wide from the mark. MocsG . bi, however, is used in the sense of contra, adversum, agreeing with Gr. xuTx. If thou remember that thy brother, tlwitis lia. baith bithuk, has any thing against thee ; Watt. t. 23. BY, adv. When, after; q. by the time that. " Bi/ thir words were said, his men were so en. raged, and rushed so furiously upon the English van. guard, — that they put the Englishmen clean abak from their standard." Pitscottie, p. 31. This idiom is very ancient. It docs not seem to occur in A. S. But it is found in MoesG. Bi the B Y B B I C £(rlithun thai hrothrjus is, thanuh ga7i is galaith ; H'hen his brethren were gone up, then went he also up ; Joh. vii. U). BY-HAND, adv. Over, S. V. Hand. BY-LYAR, s. A neutral. " liein, 111 caise it beis inqnyred of all Bj/-lj/ar.i, and in speciall of my Lord of Iliintlie in the Northc. Yd sail answer in generall, ane gude hope is had of the most parte thereof." Knox, p. 22'2. From the v. To lie by, E. BIAS, a word used as a mark of the superlative degree ; bias bonny, very handsome ; bias hun- gry, very hungry, Aberd. BIB, s. A term used to denote the stomach, Ang., borrowed perhaps, from the use of that small piece of linen, thus denominated, which covers ■the breast or stomach of a child. BYBILL, s. A large writing, a scroll so exten- sive that it may be compared to a book. " Excuse if I writ euill, je may gesse the halfe of it, but I can not mende it because 1 am not weill at ease, and yit very glad to writ vuto you, (iiiheii the rest are sleepand, sithe I can not sleipe as they do and as I would desire, tliat is, in your amies my dearc Jonc, quhom 1 pray CJod to jireserue from all euyll and send ^ on repose. 1 am gangand to seke niyiie till the nioriie, quhen 1 shall end iiiv VtybiH, but 1 am fasclieit that it stoppios me to writ neivis of my self Tnto you, because it is so lang. — 1 am irkit iSv: gang. ing to sleipe, and yit I cease not to scrible all Ihys paper insamickle as rostis thairof." Detection Q. Mary, 2d Lett, to Bolhwell, Sign. T. i. b. Loiul. edit. This letter is evidently called a hi/hill, because it " is so lang." According to the account which it contains, Mary at first did not design to end her by- bill., or finish her epistle, till next day ; but, from the ardour of her affection, was afterwards induced to continue writing till her pajier was filled u]i. The word occurs in a similar sense in O, E. As used by Chaucer, Ty rwliitt justly renders it " any great book." \ et forgale I to maken rehersaile Of waters corosif, and of limaile, And of bodies inollilication. And also of hir indiiratione, Oiles. ablusioiis, metal fusible, To tellen all, wold passen any bible, That o wher is : wherefore as for the best Of al thise names now w ol 1 me rest. Clumonc^s Ycmanc's T. v. lG32o. But nought will I, so mote I thriuc, Be about to discriue All these amies that there wcren, For to me were imjiossible, Alen might make of hem a bible, Twenty foote fhickc as 1 trowe : For certain who so coud know, Might there all the armes seen, Of famous folkc that had becu In Afi'rike, Europe, and Asie, Sith first began cheualrie. House of Fame, iii. 244. It occurs in the same sense so early as the time of Langland. Again your rule and religion I take record at .Tcsus, That said to his disciples, iVe silis pcrsonanim ui - ceptorcs. Of thys mater I might make a longc bj/ble ; And of curats of christen peple, as clerks bear witnes, I shal tellen it for truths sake, take lied ■\\lio so lykith. P. Ploughman'' s J'ision, Fol. 78. b. Zach. Boyd is, as far as I have observed, the latest writer who uses the term in this sense. " I would gladlie know what a blackc&?i/e is that which is called, the Boole of the wicked." Last Battell, 1629. p. 656. In the dark ages, when books were scarce, those, which would be most frequently mentioned, would doubtless be the ISiblc and Breviari/. Now, the word Porfeous, which both in S. and E. originally signified a Breviary, seems at length to have denoted, ill a more general sense, any smaller kind of book, such especially as might be used a.s a i'ademecum. \. PouTEOus. In the same manner, bible might come to signify a book, es]ieci.illy one of a larger and less portable size ; and be used at length to denote any long scroll. Or, this use of the word may be immediateh- from L. B. bibliis, a book, (Gr. ,310X05), which occurs in this sense from the reign of Charlemagne downwards. Thus the copy of the Laws and Statutes in Monas- teries was called Biblus liidiculonim, because it /'/;. diealed what was to be done. V. l)u Cange. T\ rwhitt derives the word, as used by Chancer, from the Fr. ; and it is not improbable that bible might be emjilojed in the Fr. copy of the letter ascribed to Mary. But I have met with no direct proof that the term was thus used in that language. It deserves to be mciitiomd, that in the dark ages biblus was sometimes used simiilv to signify paper. 'J'Jius in a Cil. quoted by i)u Cange, vo. Ihida, it is said; liuda, s(ramentum lecti de bihio, id est, jia- pvro. Isl. hiblia, carta, liber; G. Andr. BICHMAN. I gar the bichman obey : fhar was na butc cllis. Dunbar, Mai/land Poems, p. Hd. In edit. 1508, it is bufhnian. This may be a term, borrowed from the jirofcssion of the person describ- ed, as he is previously called '■ ane marcliand ;" q. booth. mrin, or one who sells goods in a booth. BYCHT. V. Lycht. The gozck gat up ;r.;ane in the grit hall. Til the /u(juhcit be thetojie, and o:c/rfi/rzcit hi^hcii], Flaiig him Hat in the fyve, fodderis and all. — Yit he lopd fra (he low lych/ in h iie. Iloulalc, iii. Ifi. This is the reading in Bann. MS. '• I^yclit in lync" seems to signify, with a quick motion. V. Ling. BICK, s. A bitch ; " the female of the canine kind." A.S. bicca, bicce, id. : Isl. hickia, catella. It does not appear that the S. word has ever borne that re- jiroachful and justl3' detestable sense, in which the kindred E. term is used. To BICKER, Bykkyr, v. a. This v., as used in S., does not merely signify, " to fight, to skir- B I C niibh, to %ht oft' and on," as it is defined in E. dictionariti. It also denotes, 1. The ctonstaiit motion of weapons of any kind, and the rapid succession of strokes, in a battle or broil. Vngliss ariliaris, that hardy war and wicht, Aman^ the Scoltis biikkciit wi(h all thair inycht. IValluiX, \y. 556. MS. The layff was speris, full nobill in a neid, On thair cncinys thai bnkkiir with gude speid. Ibid. ix. 846. MS. '2. To fight by throwing stones ; S. 3. To move quickly ; S. 4. It expresses the noise occasioned by successive strokes, by throwing of stones, or by any rapid motion ; S. C. B. bkie^ a battle; '< Pers. p^^w," id. Gl. Wynf. Bicker, Bikering, s. l. A fight carried on with stones ; a term among schoolboys, S. 2. A contention, strife, S. " There were many bickerings, and fear of break- ing, about the articles of peace ; but, thanks to God, 1 hope that fear be past." Baillie's Lett. ii. 7. BICKER, BiQUoUR, s. A bowl, or dish for con- taining liquor; properly, one made of wood; S. " Tradition says, that one of the hospitable proprie- tors, after liberally enti^rtaining his guests in the castle, was wont to conduct thein to this tree, and give them an additional bicker there. In those days, it was usual with peojili: of rank, to drink out of wooden cups or bickers' tipped with silver." P. Kilconquhar, Fife, Statist. Ace. ix. 297. Thus we tuke in the lii2;h browin liquor, And b.ing'd about the nectar biquour. Evergreen, i. 224. In Yorkshire the term beggcr is used in this sense. The definition given, by Dr Johnson, of E. beaker, by no means corresponds to the sense of this word in 5. and other Northern dialects, — " a cup with a spout in the form of a bird's beak." Similarity of sound had induced him to give this definition, as well as etymon. He has indeed followed Skinner in the Utter. But he only conjectures that such might 1).; the forui of the beaker in former times. Germ, beclier; Is), baukiir, bikare ; Sw. bagure ; n-in. begere ; Gr. and L. B. I3imcc^t,baccarium; Ital. bicchiere, patera, scyphus. The origin of the word fs obscure. Some have supposed, fancifully enough, that it is from Baechiiy, his image having been formed on cups, as appears from Anacreon. But it should also have been prov- ed, that the ancient Greeks or Romans had a word >iuiilar to bicker, used in the same sense. Isidorus indeed mentions bucchia as denoting vessels first ap- propriated to wine, afterwards to water. But this seeras to be comparatively a modern word. Wach- (er derives it, wi(h rather more probability, from hack, a small boat. This is at least more consonant lo analogy; as I^it. ci/mbiiim, a drinking cup, was I'lirmed from rijmba, a boat ; Isidor. This was the term used to denote the cup drunk by the ancient Scandinavians, in honour of their deceas. ed heroes. It was not only called Braga-Jull, but 15 I E Brage.bikure. V. Keysler, Antiq. Septent. 352- 351. and SiiOL. It has been often mentioned, as an evidence of the frugality of the ancients, and of the simplicity of their manners, that they used drinking vessels made of w ood. These were often of beech. Fabricataquc fago Pocula. Ovid. Fast. L. %, V. Rosin. Antiq. Rom. 377, 378. To BID, V. a. 1. To desire, to pray for. Ilaif we riches, no bettir life we bid, Of science thocht the sauU be bair and blind. Jlenrysone, Bannatijne Poems, p. 126. This sense is common in O. E. So will Christe of his curtesye, k. men cry him mercy. Both forgeue and forget, and yet bi/d for vs To the father of heauen forgiuencs to haue. P. PLoughmaii, Fol. 95. a. 2. To care for, to value. As to the first place, now bid I not to craif it, Althoch it be Mnestheus wont to have it ; Nor 1 bid not to strifl'e and wyn the gre. Doug. Virgil, 134. 24. Rudd. renders it thus, " q. bide not, iion nioror." It seems, however, to be rather an oblique sense of the V. as signifying to desire, q. " I am not anxious in regard to it." From the same origin with Bedis, q. V. To BIDE, Byde, v. a. l. To await, to wait for. "• The Dccl bides his day," S. Prov. " Taken from a supposition that the Devil, when he enters in- to a covenant with a witch, sets her the date of her life which he stands to. Spoken when people de- mand a debt or wages before it is due." Kelly, p. 303. 2. To suffer, to endure. " He bides a great deal of pain ;" S. Westmorel. id. ^V'hat my conditioun was, I canna tell My fae let never be sae hard bestead. Or forc'd to bt)de the bydings that I baid. Ross's Helenore, p. 87. " It will bide billingc at; it will bear working at. North." Gl. Grose. This is only an oblique sense of MoesG. beid-an, A. S. bid-an, exspectare : for what is enduring, but waiting? MonsG. us-beidjands, bearing long in ad- verse circumstances, Luk. xviii. 7. To Bide be, v. n. To continue in one state, S. It is applied to one of an inconstant disposition. This phrase is variously used. Of a sick person, it is also said, that he does not bide be, when he seems to recover the one hour, and relapses the next; S. B. BiDiNGS, J.//. Sufferings. V. Bide, v. BY-EAST, towards the east. V. Be, J)rep. B1ERDL\% Bierly, adj. Then out and spake the bierdlj bride, Was a' goud to the chin ; " Gin she be fine without," says she, " We's be as fine within." Jainieson's Popular Bull. ii. 133. O he has docn him to his ha' To mak him bicrlj cheer. Ibid. p. 195. " Like one that has been well fed ; stout and large;" Gl. It is viewed as the same with Burdlt/j B I G BIG q. V. Diit fo me it seems rather to signify, fit, pro- per, becoming, from Isl. bi/r.iiir, ber, decet, opiior. tet. In the second extract this is the obvious sense. Bierdly seems used, in the former, somew hat oblique- ly, q. the comely bride ; or perhaps, one drcst as be- came her rank. BIERLING, s. A galley, S. B. '• He was low of stature, but of matchless strength, and skill in arms ; kept always a bicrlin or galley in this place with 12 or 20 armed men, ready for any enterprise." P. Edderachylis, Statist. Ace. vi. 292. BIG, Bigg, s. A particular species of barley, also denominated bear, S. " Bear or bigg (a kind of grain with four rows on each head) is sown from the beginning fo the 20th of May." P. Durisdcer, Dumfr. Statist. Ace. iv. 460. " The vegetable productions are big, a small species of barley, of wliich meal and raalt are made." —P. Holme, Orkney, ibid. v. 107. To BIG, Byg, -0. a. To build; S., Cumb., Westmorel., id. On Gargownno was bj/ggyt a small peill. That warnyst was with men and wittaill weill, AVithin a dyk, bathe closs chaunier and liall. JFullace, iv. 213. MS. " Also be biggcd the great hall of Stirling, within the said castle." Pitscottie, p. 86. This word occurs in O. K. aUho\igh not very fre- quently. The toun he fond paired & sclient, Kirkcs, houses beten doun. To the kjng thei mcnt tham of the toun. — He biggcd it eft tliat are was plajn. R. liriinne, Pref. clxxxviii. A. S. bj/cg-an, Isl. bygg-ia, Su.G. bj/gg-a, aedi- ficare, instruere, a frequentative from bo, id. ; as it is customary with the Goths thus to augment mono- syllables in o; as, sugg-a from so, a sow. V. Ihre, vo. lij/gga. BiGGAR, s. A builder, one who carries on a building. " Item, to advise gif the chaplaine hcs the annuell Tinder reversion, and contributis with the biggar, — to considder how lang thereafter the annuell sail be unredeemable." Acts Mary, 1551. c. 10. Murray. BiGGiNG, Byggyn, Byggtnge, s. A building ; a house, properly of a larger size, as opposed to a cottage, S. Thai led Wallace quhar that this bj/ggt/nge wass ; He thocht to assaill it, ferby or he wald pass. IVallace, iv. 217. MS. — Fyre blesis in his hie biggingis swakkit. Doug. Hrgil, 260. 1. AVhen he come to hh.bjjggi/nge. He welcomed fayr that lady yunge. Emarc, Ri/son\-. E. .1/. R. v. 769. Biggin, a building, Gl. Westmorel. Isl. biggiiig structura. BiGGiT, part. pa. Built. This word is used in various senses, S. Biggit land, " land where there arc houses or buildings," Pink. This expression, which is still con- trasted with one's situation in a solitude, or far from any shelter during a storm, has been long used in S. And quhcn thai com in biggit land, Wittail and mete yneuch thai fand. Barbour, xiv. 383. MS. A iccill biggit bodii is one who has acquired a good deal of wealth, S. B. Biggit. On grund no greif quhill thai the gret ost se Wald thai nocht rest, the rinkis so thai ryde. Bot fra thai saw tliair sute, and tliair seniblio. It culd thame bre, and biggit thanic to byde. King Hurt, i. 2t. Both these are given in Gl. Pink, as words not understood. Brc may either signify, afl'right, from A.S. breg-ean, terrere ; or, disturb, from Su.G. bry, vexare, lurbare. The sense of biggit may be, inclined : from A. S. bj/g-an, ttectcre. " It fright- ened or disturbed them, and disposed theiii to stay back." BIGLY, Bygly, adj. Scho wynnit in a biglj/ bour ; On fold was none so fair. Bludj/ SerL; st. 2. S. P. R. iii. 1 90. Big, Gl. Pink. It may perhaps signify commo- dious, or habitable, from A. S. big-an, habitare, and lie, similis. She's ta'cn her to her biglj/ bour, As fast she could fare ; And she has drank a sleepy draught That she has mixed wi' care. Gay Goss IIa:i:k, Mi>i>!trehy Border., ii. I 1 . O biggetl hae they a biglij bour Fast by the roaring strand ; And there was niair mirth in the ladyes bour, Nor in a' her father's laud. Rote tlic Red and IVIiite T,!/i/. Ibid. p. 68. This epithet frequently occurs in O. K. It is conjoined with Iwzcs, landj/x, and hl/jx. The holy armyte brente he tliare. And left that bygly hoics full bare, That semely was to see. Le Bone Florence, Ritson't E. M. R. iii. 63. It cannot here signify 6/§-; for it is applied to a hermit's cell. It may admit of this sense in the fol- lowing passages : And yf thou sende hur not soone ; — He wyll dystroye thy bygly landys, And slee all (hat before hym standys, And lose full many a lyfe. Ibid. p. 11. Yf y gyltles be of Ihys, Bryug me to thy bygly blys, For thy grete godhedc. Ibid. p. 71. BIGHTSOM, adj. Implying an easy air, and, at the same time, activity, S. B. When cogs arc skim'd, an' cirn sfreckit, The yellow drojis fast in are stcckit ; Pluuip gaes the staff, Meg views, wi' jileasure, The becking, fhick'ning, yellow treasure ; She gies her clouk a bightsom bow, Up ily the knots of yellow hue. Morixon's Poems, p. 111. Cloul: denotes the hand. Perhaps q. buxom, from A. S. bocsiim flexibilis ; bijg-an, to bend. BIGONET, s. A linen cap or coif. B V G fiood liiiinoiir iiiul nliKo bis^oiie/s sliull be Ciiards to my faii', tn Wc^•]^ liis luvc for nu\ R/iiiiy/n/'s I'uciiis, ii. SI. From the same oriijiti wild 10. b/gf^nii, " a kiiul of roif, or IiiiMcn-fa]> for a yomi!,' child ;"' Pliillips. Yr. bc!;uiii, id. This is derived from 4ci;;/ More biyth than op'lnng day. All' bijgaiics are forgot and gonci, A:id further views her as his own. -1/t);7'\(;/;',v Fucill.s, p. 135. 3. It often denotes arrears, sums of money for- merly due, but not paid, S. '• Having received no stipend when he wa« caecled, Irt" was advised to go u]) to Loiulon, and apply to his Majesty for a warrant to uplift what Mas his justly, anil by law ; which lie did : — he was told for aniwer. That he coiild lui^ve no warrant for bjjguitvf, B I K niiTess he would for time to come conform to the established church." U'odrow's Hist. ii. 256. BIKE, Byke, Byik, Beik, .r. i. A building, an habitation, S. jNIouy burgh, mony bour, mon)- big bike ; Mony kynrik to his elamc cnmly to knaw : INIaiieris fnll mcnskfull, with mony deip dike; Selcouth war tiie sevint part to say at saw. Gaica/i and Gol. ii. 8. It is still occasionally used in this sense, S. B. And nacthing was Ilabbie now scant in-, To mak liim as colhiu's you like ; I'or nocht but a house-wife was wantia' To plenLsh his weel foggit bykc. Jamit'svn's Popi/lar Ball. i. ^193. This might seem a metaph. use of the word in al- lusion to a hive, from the use of foggil. But the latter is equivalent to provided. 3. A nest or hive of bees, wasps, or ants, S. Welelyke Qnhen that tlie herd has fund the beis bike, C'losit vnder ane dcrne cauernc of stanis. And fyllit has full sone that litH z:aifj/\, AVyth snioik of sourc and bitter rekis.vtew. Dviig. I'irgil, 432. 10. Bjjik, 113. 56. Be bike, 130, b. 16. Beik, Ross. •V. S.MF.llVY. " 1 w) 1 remcmbir 3 ow ane fabil. Ane tod was ouirset «ith ane bt/ke of Heis, continewally soukand out hir bind." liellend. Cron. B. xii. c. 7. Ex- amine nuiscarum oppressa; iJoeth. 3. A building erected for the preservation of grain ; Caithn. " Here are neither barns nor granaries ; the corn is tlirashed out, and preserved in the chalf in bj/kes, which are stacks in shape of bee-hives, thatched (piite round, where it will keep good for two years." Pennai\t's Tour in S. 1769. p. 201. 4. Metaph. an association or collective body ; S. Li that court f;i-l come monie one Of the blak bijke of Uabylone: The innocent blude that day sal cry, Ane lowde vengence full piteously. Ljjndxufs IVarkis, 1592, ]). 167. O heartsomc labour! wordy time and pains! That frae the best esteem and friendship gains l ]5e tliat my luck, and let the greedy bike Stockjob the warkl amang them as the}' like. Ramsajj's If'orks, ii. 321. To skail (he bi/ke, metaph. to disperse an assem- bly of whatever kind ; S. iludd. mentions A. S. bj;cg-nn, to build, as pro- bably the origin of this word, as denoting a hive ; be- cause of the admirable structure of the hives of these little animals. Shall we suppose that Douglas him- self alludes to this as the origin, when he substitutes zcaiii/s, or habitation, foi- what he has already deno- minated bj/ke.^ At any rate iludd. is right in his conjecture. Isl. 6//A-«/- indeed denotes a hive, alvear ; andTeut. bie-bock, bie-bin/ck, apiariuin, alvearium, Kilian. Yet the same learned writer explains biii/ckvaft ti-voiteii, fixam sedem tcnere, dumiciliiiin habere li.xaiu et stabile. The Isl. word is probably from Su.Tr. f'l'SS-" t" build, part. pa. bj/gdi : q, sometliing prepar- B I L n I L od or built. There seems to be no reason io Jonbt that the word, as used in sense 2, is the same with that denoting a habitation. Isl. bigd, indeed, is render- ed habitatio ; Vcrel. And what is a hyke or bee.bikc, but a building or habitation of bees ? BYK. My maine is turnit into quhyt, And thairof ye hef all the wyt. When uthir hors bed brane to %fc, I gat bot gress, grype gif I wald. Dunbar, Maitlaml Poems, p. 112. This might be derived from Belg. bikk-en, to chop, to beat ; also, to eat. Daar valt niet te bikken ; »' There is nothing to eat." But most probably it is an error of some transcriber for byt, bite or eat. The rhyme evidently requires this correction. It can scarcely be supposed that Dunbar would write bijk, as corresponding to quiit/t and v;i)l. The meaning evidently is; " When other horses, in winter, were fed on bran, he had nothing but grass to nibble at, although at (he risk of his being seized with gripes, from its coldness." BYKAT, Beikat, s. A male salmon ; so call- ed, when come to a certain age, because of the heai which grows in his under jaw ; Ang. This is evidently analogous to Fr. becard, cspl. by Cotgr. a female salmon. But, according to others, the term denotes any salmon of which the beak or snout grows hooked, as the year advances. Y. Diet. Trev. BILBIE, s. Shelter, residence ; Ang. This, 1 apprehend, is a very ancient word. It may be either from Su.G. bj/le habitaculum, and by pagus, conjoined, as denoting residence in a village ; or more simply, from Bolby, villa primaria, which, according to Ihre, is comp. of bol, the trunk, and hy, a village ; " a metaphor," he says, " borrowed from the human body, which contains many minute parts in itself. Opposed to this, is the phrase «/- garda bi/ ; denoting a village, the land of which is cultivated within the limits of another." But besides that the metaphor is far-fetched, the reason assigned for the opposite designation would suggest, that the first syllable was not formed from bol truncus, but from bol praediura, which, al- though written in the same manner, is quite a dif- ferent word. For, according to this view, bolby would signify a village which has a praedium, or territory of its own, annexed to it. This would certainly exhibit the contrast more strictly and for- cibly than the etymon given by Ihre. BILEFT, pret. Remained, abode. With other werkmcn mo, lie bileft al night In land. Sir Tristrem, p. 36. st. 54. A. S. belif.an superesse, to remain ; Alem. bilib- fii. Franc, biliu.en, manere ; Schiltcr. BILGET, adj. Bulged, jutting out. Anone al most ye wend to sey in fere, Cryis C'alcas, nor Grekis instrument Of Troy the wallis sal neuer hurt nor ront, Les then agane the land of Arge be socht, With alkin portage, quhilk was bidder brocht In barge, or bilget ballinger, oner se. Doug. Hrgil, 44. 39. Rudd. had rendered this as a. s. but corrects his mistake in Add. He traces the word to Germ. biilg bulga, or 6. tnent. B I N BILLIT, adj. " Shod with iron," Rudd. Abmil hir went — Tarpeia that stoutly turnis and swakkis M'itli the wele stelit and braid billi( ax. Dung. Virgil, 388. 1. This phrase, however, as Rudd. also hints, is per. haps merely a circumlocution for the bipcnnis, or large ax. V. Bala.x. BILTER, s. A child, Dumfr. ; Isl. pilter, puellus. BIN, s. A mountain, S. O. Jlere Snawdon shows his warlike brow, And from his height you have a view, From Lomond bin to Pcntland know, Full eighty mile. R. Gallozi-at/' s Poems, p. 75. From Gael, ben, id., Lomond bm being sj^non. with Jienlinnond. BIND, BrNDE, s. 1. Dimension, size; espe- cially with respect to circumference, A barrel of a certain hind, is one of certain dimensions, S. ; Hence BarrcU bind. '• It is statute — (hat the Barrell bind of Salmound sould kcip and contcin the assyse and mesour of fourtene gallonis, and not to be niynist, vnder the pane of cseheit of the salmound, quliair it beis fundin ]es, to the Kingis vse : — and that ilk burgh haue thre hupe irnis, videlicet, ane — at ilk end of the bar- rell, and ane in the middis, for the mosuring of the barrell." Acts Ja. IH. 1487, c. 131. Edit. 15G6. c. 118. Murray. 2. It is used more generally to denote size in any sense. " The Swan, v. s. : Tiie wylde Guse of the grcit bind, ii. s." Acts Mar. 1551. c. 11. Ed. 156(5. 3. Metaph. to denote ability. " Aboon my bind" beyond my power. This is often applied to pecuniary ability ; S. This use of the word is evidently borrowed from the idea of binding a vessel with hoops. BINDLE, s. The cord or rope that binds any thing, whether made of hemp or of straw ; S. Sxi.G. bindel, a headband, a fillet, from bind-uf, to bind. Thus the rope, by which a cow is bound in her stall, is called a bindlc, S. Tout, bindel, ligamen ; Isl. bendl-a, concatenare, bcnd-a cingere. BINDWOOD, s. The vulgar name for ivy, S. ; Hedera helix, Linn. ; pron. biniuud. Denominated, perhaps, from the strong hold that it takes of a wall, a rock, trees, &c. q. the binding 7Bood. Our term seems merely an inversion of E. ■aoodbind, which has been rendered Terebinthus, or the Turpentine-tree, Somner ; but as Skinner ob. serves, improperly. He expl. it as signifying the honey-suckle, Caprifolium, or Lonicera pcricly- iiienum. He adds, however, that zciide-binde " is not absurdly rendered by Aelfric, and perhaps ac- cording to the use of the terra in his time, Iledera, for this embraces the trees like a bandage." Etyni. Gen. Now, it seems evident, that Aelfric has given the proper definition. By hedera nigra, it appears that ivy is meant. The reason of the name, given by B I N Skinner, applies much better to this than to honey. suckle. Ivy, in some parts of E., is by the pea. saiitry called bindicood. It is probably the same which is written benvoood. '■' Anciently, the opposite bank of Oxnam water, on the W., was covered with wood, denominated benzcood, and is said to have been the rendezvous of the inhabitants, to oppose the English free. hooters, when the watchword was a beni;:oodjj." P. Oxnam, Roxburghs. Statist. Ace. xi. 330, N. BING, s. 1. A heap, in general. ■ Ye mycht haue sene thaym haist like emotisgrele, Quhen thay depulye the mekil b/ng of quhete, And in thare byik it caryis al and sum. Doug. I'irgil, 113. 49. Thair saw we mony wrangous conquerouris, Withouttin richt reilfaris of vtheris ringis. The men of kirk lay boundin into binges. Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592, p. 230. This, as far as 1 know, is the only sense in whicli it is now used S., as denoting a heap of grain. 2. A pile of wood ; immediately designed as a funeral pile. -r — The grete bing was vpbeildit welu. Of aik trcis, and fyrien schydis dry, Wythin the secrete cloys, vnder the sky. Doug. Virgil, \\7. 4.3. Pyra, Virg. 3. " A temporary inclosure or repository made of boards, twigs, or straw ropes, for contain- ing grain or such like." Gl. Sibb., where it is also written hmne. Dan. bing, Sw. binge, Isl. bing-r, cumulus. As Alem. j}ig(t, pigo, signify accrvus, and Germ, beige, strues, whence holz bcig strues lignorum, holz beigen, struere ligna ; Isl. Su.G. bi/gg-a, to build, is most probably the root, as conveying the same idea. Binne seems radically ditferent. To BYNGE, -v. n. To cringe. V. Beenge. To BINK, V. a. To press down, so as to de- prive any thing of its proper shape. It is principally used as to shoes, when, by careless wearing, they are allowed to fall down in the heels ; S. O. Teut. batigh-en, pr^niere, in an- gustum cogere. Sw. bank-a, to beat, seems al- lied ; q. to beat down. BINK, s. 1 . A bench, a seat ; S. B. Want of wyse men maks fulis to sit on binkis. Pink. S.P. Rep. iii. 133. Win fast be tyme; and be nocht Udder : For wit thou wcil, Hal binks ar ay slidder. Thairfoir now, quhither wrang it be or richt, Now gadder fast, quhil we have tyme and micht. Priests of Peblis, p. 24. This is the common language of courtiers, and con- tains an old proverb expressive of the uncertainty of court-favour. V. Bdn-inno. " Start at a straw, and loup o'er ?ibink." S. ProT. Kelly, p. 288. 2. A wooden frame, fixed to the wall of a house, for holding plates, bowls, spoons, &c. Ang. It is also called a Plate-rack ; S. We have it in a manuscript : The good-man keeps it, as we think, B I R Behind a dish, upon the bink. Colvil's Mock Poem, p. 64. This is most probably an oblique sense of the same term which signifies a bench. V. Benk. BINK, s. A bank, an acclivity, S, B. Nae fowles of effect, now amange thae bt'nks Biggs nor abides. Evergiren, it. 63. Up thro' the clcughs, where bink on binkKas set, Scrambling wV hands and feet she taks the gait. Rosa's Ilclciiore, p. 64. Wachter obseryes that Germ, bank, Su.G. baenk, denote any kind of eminence. This is perhaps the origin of the application of this term to a bench, q. a seat that is raised. V. Benk. BINWEED. V. BuNVVEDE. BYPTICIT. Syne in a field of siluer, secound he beiris Ane Egill ardent of air, that etfiles so he ; — All of sable the self, quha the suth leiris, The beke bi/pticit bryme of that ilk ble. Houlate, ii. 4. MS. " Biceps, two-headed," Pink. But a consider- able transposition is necessary to support this ety- mon ; and the sense is not less dissonant. The beak of this eagle could with no propriety be called tiso. headed. It certainly means dipped or dj/ed, from Lat. baplizo. " The beak was deeply dyed of the same colour with the body of the fowl." BIR, Birr, s. Force. I find that Isl. hyr, expl. ventus ferens, is deduced from bcr-a ferre ; Gl. Edd. Saem. V. Beir. BIRD, Beird, Brid, Burd, s. A lady, a damsel. Gromys of that garisoune maid garayn and gle; And Icdis lofit thair lord, lufly of lyere. Beirdis beildit in blise, brightest of ble. j GuKun and Got. iv. 12. I i. e. " Ladies, the fairest of their sex, sheltered themselves in bliss." Similar is the phrase " bcild- ing of blis," V. Beild. — So with birds blythly my bailis bcit. Bannati/ne Poems, p. 132. V. Beit. " Bride is used in Chaucer for bird, and birde for a mistress. In an old Scottish song, Burd Isa- bel means a young lady named Isabella. Burd is still used as an appellation of complacency by supe- riors to women of lower degree. Mersar, p. 157. speaks of " birdis bricht in bowris," by which he means young women in their chambers." Lord Hailes, Notes to Bann. Poems. Wc may observe that James V. wrote brid for J bird, avis. And ye fresch May, ay mercifull to bridis, Now welcum be, ye floure of monethis all. King's Quair, ii. 46. Lord John stood in his stable door, Said he %vas boun to ride ; Burd Ellen stood in her bower door, Said, she'd rin by his side. Jamieson's Popular Ball. i. 117. The king he had but ae daughter, Burd Isbel was her name ; And she has to the prison gane. To hear the prisoner's mane. Ibid. ii. 127. B Y R This seems to be the song referred to by Lord , Ilailes. As bridde is the word used by Chaucer for bird, it is merely the A. S. term for puUus, pullulus. Somner thinks that the letter r is transposed. But this may have been the original form of the word, from bred.an to breed. Bird, as applied to a dam- sel, is merely the common term used in a metaph. sense. Langland uses bi/rde. Mercy hyght that mayde, a meke thyng withall, A full benignc byrde and buxeome of speche. P. Ploughman, Fol. 98, b. 2. Used, also metaph., to denote the young of quadrupeds, particularly of the fox. V. ToD's Birds. BYRD, "v. imp. It behoved, it became. Than lovyt thai God fast, all weildand, That thai thair lord fand hale and fer : And said, thaim byrd on na mancr Dred thair fayis, sen tliair chyftane Wes off sic hart, and off sic niayn, That he for thaim had wndretan With swa fele for to feclit ane. Barbour, vi. 316. MS. In editions it is, to fecht allane. But all is wanting in MS. I have not observed that it oc» curs any where else in the same sense; and am (here- fore at a loss, whether to view it as an error of the early transcriber, or as a solitary (iroof that unc was sometimes used in the sense of onltj, like Su.G. en, which not only signifies, one, but unicus, solus. MoesG. ains bore the same signification. Jtfiddia ajtra in fairguni is ains ; He departed again into a mountain himself alone ; Joh. vi. 15. A. S. an oc- curs in the same sense. Nis nan mann god, bat- on God ana ; There is no one good, but God only ; Mark x. 18. Also Alem. and Isl. ein, id. Mr Pink, mentions Byrd, in Gl. without any ex- planation. In edit. 16'i(J the phrase is altered to And said thei) loould in no maner — The sense is, " It became them in no wise to fear their foes." A. S. bijreth, pertinet. Tha the ne byrede, we rvaes gelaefcd him to ctannc ; Quos non licebat ei edere, Mark, xii. 4. It occurs also in Joh. iv. 4. Ilini gebyrode that he sceolde faran ihurh Samaria-land ; literally, It be- hoved him to fare or pass through Samaria. This imp. V. may have been formed from bt/r-an, ber-an, to carry, or may be viewed as nearly allied to it. Hence bireth, gcstavit ; gebaer-an, se ge- rere, to behave one's self; Su.G. baera, id., whence atbuerd, behaviour, deportment ; Germ, berd, ge. baerd, id., sich berd-en, gestum facere. Wachter, however, derives gebaerd from bar-en ostendere, ostentare. The V. immediately allied to this in Su.G. is boer-a debere, pret. bordc, anciently boerjadc and bar. Isl. hyr-iar, decet, oportet ; ber, id. ; Thad her Kongiecki; Non decet regem ; It does not become a king. V. Verel. Ind. p. 33. 48. Burd is used in the same sense by R. Brunne. Then said Sir Henry, nedes bu7-d him wende To France & Normundie, to witte a certejis ende. Chron. p. 135 P2 li I R The folk was niykclle & strong, of mete (hei had grcte iR'. 280. To trcus on alle wise him burd grant thertille. Ibid. p. 195. Hearne very oddly conjectures that A. S. burthen, onus, may be the ori>;iii. BIRDING, s. Burden, load. Allace ! the heuy hirding of wardly gcrc, That neuir houre may suffir nor promyt Thare possessoure iu rest nor pece to sit. Doug. Virgil, 459. 42. A.S. hyrthen, Dan. byrde. V. Birth, Byuth. BIRD-MOUTH'D, adj. Mealy-mouth'd, S. " Ye're o'er bird-mouth'' d;'' Ramsay's S. ProT. p. 86. BYRE, s. Cowhouse, S. The king faris with his folk, our firthis and fellis, AVithoutin beilding of blis, of hern, or of byre. Gauan and Got. i. 3. " Bring a cow to the ha', and she will rin to the byre ,'" Ferguson's S. Prov. p. 8. The origin is uncertain. But it is perhaps allied to Franc, bucr, a cottage ; byre, Su.G. byr, a vil. lage ; Germ, hai/cr, habitaculum, carea; from Su.G. bo, bii-a, to dwell. Isl. bur is rendered penuarium, domus penuarium ; a house of proTision ; G. Andr. Or it may be a deriTative from Isl. bu, a cow ; Gael. bo, id. BIRK, s. Birch, a tree ; S. Betula alba, Linn. • Grcte eschin stokkis tumbillis to the ground; With wcdgeis schidit §an the birkis sound. Dong. Virgil, 169. 20. A. S. birc, Isl. biorki, Teut. berck, id. To BIRK, V. n. To give a tart answer, to con- verse in a sharp and cutting way ; S. A. S. birc-un, beorc-an, to bark, q. of a snarling humour. Ileuce, BiRKiE, acfj. Tart, in speech, S. BIRKY, s. 1. A lively young fellow; a per- son of mettle ; S. But 1, like birky, stood the brunt, An' slocken'd out that glced, Wi' muckle virr ; and sync I gar'd The limmcrs tak the speed. Poems in the Biichan Dialect, p. 2. In days of anld, when we had kings And nobles bauld, and other things, As camps, and courts, and kirks, and quears, And birkie.s bauld, for our forebears : — They fought it fairly, tho' they fell. GuUozcay's Foems, p. 123, 124. 2. Auld Birky, " In conversation, analogous to old Boy," Gl. Shirr. Spoke like yc'rsell, auld birky ; ncrer fear But at your banquet I shall lirst appear. Rairnay's Poems, ii. 92. Allied perhaps to Isl. i^er/c-irt, jactare, to boast; or biarg.a, opitulari, q. one able to give assistance. It may drserve notice, however, (hat Su.G. birke signifies a town or c'.'.y. Hence Biarkcyar rieftir. B I R the laws of cities, as contrasted with Lands loegum. the provincial laws, or those of the country. Could we suppose this term to have been general among the Gothic nations, as indeed it is evidently the same %vith A.S. by rig, whence out burgh, borough; it might naturally enough be imagined, that one, who had been bred in a city, would be distinguished by country people by some such term as this. BIRKIN, BiRKEN, (idj. Of, or belonging to birch; S. — Birkin bewis, about boggis and wellis. Gazvan and Gal. i. 3. This is the reading, ed. 1508. Ane young man stert in to that steid Als cant as ony colt, Ane birkin hat upon his held, With ane bow and ane bolt. Peblis to the Play, st. 6. This seems to mean a hat made of the bark of birch ; A. S. beorcen, id. To BIRL, BiRLE, V. a. l. This word prima- rily signifies the act of pouring out, or fur- nishing drink, for guests, or of parting it among them. The wine thar with in veschell grete and small, Quhilk to him gaif Acestes his rial hoist, — To thame he birlis, and skynkis fast but were, And with sic wordis comfortis thare drery chere. Doug. Virgil, 19. 9. Dividit, Virg. Than young men walit, besy here and thare, — The bakin brede of baskettis temys in hye, And wynis birlis into grete plente. Ibid. 247. 6. Bacchum ministrant, Virg. 2. To ply with drink. She birled him with the ale and wine, As they sat down to sup ; A living man he laid him down, But I wot he ne'er rose up. Minstrelsy Border, ii. 45. O she has birled these merry young men With the ale but and the wine. Until they were as deadly drunk As any wild wood swine. Ibid. p. 84. 3. To drink plentifully, S- This is perhaps the sense in the following passage. — In the myddis of the mekill hall Thay birle the wine in honour of Bachus. Doug. Virgil, 79. 46. " To birle; to drink cheerfully, to carouse." Sir J. Sinclair, p. 80. 4. To club money foi* the purpose of procuring drink. " I'll birle my bawbie," I will contri- bute my share of the expence ; S. Now settled gossies sat, and keen Did for fresh bickers birle ; While the young swankies on the green Take round a merry tirle. Ramsay^s Poems, i. 262. Thy soothing sangs bring canker'd carles to ease. Some loups to Lutter's pipe, some birls babies. Ibid. ii. 390. B I R In Isl. it is used in the first sense; bi/rl-a, Infun. dere, iniscere |)ofura. la A. S. it occurs in sense third, biriUian, birl-ian, haurire. Hence bijrle, a butler, Isl. hyrlar, id. Birle, O. E. has the same signification. Thus, in a poetical translation, by Layamon, of IVace's Bitd, vrhich is supposed to have been made about the year 1 185, we have these lines : An other half, was Beduer, Thas kinges liaeg birle. 1. e. " On the other side was Bcducr, the king's Jiigh butler." Ellis Spec. i. 65. Isl. bj/r/-a has been deduced from bioeiTf cerevisia, also, denoting any liquor of a superior kind. V. Gl. Edd. This, again, is most probably from MoesG. bar, hordcum, the grain from which beer is made. To BIRLE, 'J. n. V. Birr, v. BlRLAW-COURT,BiRLEi'-couRT.V.BuRLAW. BIRLIE, s. A loaf of bread ; S. B. BJRLEY-OATS, Barley-oats, s. pi. A spe- cies of oats, S. " The tenants in those parts, however, endeavour to obviate these local disadvantages, by sowing their bear immediately after their oats, without any in- terval, and by using ^ species of oats tailed birlci/. This grain, (which is also white), is distinguished from the common white oats, in its appearance, chiefly by its shortness. It does not produce quite so good meal, nor so much fodder." P. Strathdon, Aberd. Statist. Ace. xiii. 173. " An early species called barley oats, has been in. tfoduced by some farmers." P. Douglas, Lanarks. Ibid. viii. 80. It seems to have received its name from its sup- posed resemblance to barley. To BIRN, v. a. To burn. V. Bryn. BIRN, BiRNE, /. A burnt mark ; S. "That no barrel be sooner made and blown, but the coupers birn be set thereon on the tapone stall" there- of, in testimony of the sufficiency of the Tree." — Acts Charles II. 1661. c. 33. SHn and Birn, a common phrase, denoting the whole of any thing, or of any number of persons or things ; S. " That all beif, mnttonn, weill, and lyke bes- tiall slane or prcsentit to fre burrowis or fre nier- catis bring with thame in all tymes cumrayng thair hyde, skin, and birnc, vnder the pane of confisca- tioun." Acts Marie, 1563. c. 21. Edit. 1566. Skinner views the word as synon. with nkin. But it denotes the burnt mark on the horn or skin of a beast, by which the owner could distinguish and claim it as his own. The phrase may have origi. nated from the following custom. Formerly in S. many, who had the charge of (locks, were denomi- nated Bozc-shepherds. A shepherd of this descrip- tion had a free house allowed him, and a certain number of bolls, S. bozcs, of meal, according as he could make his bargain, for watching over the sheep of another. He also enjoyed the privilege of having a small flock of his own. All this was un- der the express stipulation, that he should be ac- countable for any of his master's sheep that might be lost; and be obliged, if he could not produce B 1 R them, to give an equal number of his own iu theii stead. Those belonging to his master were all marked in the horn, or elsewhere, with a burning iron. The phrase in use was, that, at such a time, all his sheep were to be produced " skin and birn ;" that is, en. tire, as they had been delivered to the shepherd, and with no diminution of their number. The word is evidently from A. S. byrn, burning, and still occasionally denotes the whole carcase of an animal, S. It is, however, more commonly used in the mclaph. sense mentioned above ; as by Ramsay : The smith's wife her black deary sought, And fand him skin and birn. Poems, i. 276. BIRLIN, s. A small vessel used in the western islands. " We had the curiosity after three weeks resid- cnce, to make a calcule of the number of eggs be- stowed upon those of our boat, and the Stewart's Birlin, or Galley ; the whole amounted to sixteen thousand eggs." Martin's St Kilda, p. 12. Probably of Scandinavian origin, as Sw. bars is a kind of ship : and berling, a boat-stafl', Sercn. BIRN, s. A burden, S. B. Here about we'll bide, Till ye come back ; your birn ye may lay down. For rinning yc will be the better bown. Rosses Jlelenore, p. 54. To gie one's birn a hitch, to assist him in a strait. Tho' he bans nie, I wish him well, We'll may bi.' meet again ; I'll gie his birn a bitch, an' help To case him o' his pain. Poems in the Biiclian Dialect, p. 32. My birn, O Bess, has got an unco lift. ShirrCfs' Poems, p. 84. Shall we view this as an oblique sense of birn, ex. plained above, as applied to a burden of any kind, in allusion to that of a whole beast : or consider it as an abbreviation of A. S. byrthcn, burden .' BIRNIE, Byrnie, s. A corslet, a brigandinc. He claspis his gilt habirihonc thrinfald : He in his breistplait Strang and his birnye, Anc soulr swerd beltis law doun by his the. Doug. Virgil, 230. 44. Strictly, it seems to have denoted light armour for the fore part of the body ; as it is distinguished from the habirihune or coat of mail. Here indeed it is most probably added as expletive of brcistplate. V'ossius supposes that it may also signify an hel- met, like A. S. Irynn, galea. But of this there is no evidence. Neither Somner, Benson, nor Lye, so much as mention A. S. brynn, galea. A. S. byrn, byrna, Isl. bryn, brynia, brignia. Franc, brun, hrunju, Sv,. bringa. Germ, hrun, L.B. hruniu, brynia; thorax, lorica; munimentum pec- toris, Wachter. G. Andr. derives Isl. brignia from hrun, niger, because of the dark colour of the ar- mour; AVachter, Germ, brun iiom Ce\t. brun, the breast. "Verel. mentions Isl. bringa, pectus ; which would certainly have been a better etymon for G. Andr. than that which he has adopted. BIRNS, s. pi. Roots, the stronger stems of B I R burnt iieath, which remain after the smaller twigs are consumed ; S. >i)iiu' starting from tluir sleep were sore affrighted, Others had botli their sense and e)-cj bcniethted : Some rauirland men, they saj-, were srumraing kirns. And some were toasting bannocks at the birns. I'enitecuik's Poems, 1715, p. 25. When corns grew yellow, and the hether bells Bloom'd bonny on the moor and rising fells, Nae birns., or briers, or whins, e'er troubled mc, • Gif I could find blac-bcrries ripe for thee. Ramsuj/'s Poems, ii. 107. A.S. bi/rn, incendium. BIRR, s. Force. V. Beir. To BIRR, v. 71. To make a whirring noise, espe- cially in motion ; the same with birle, S. Ano grcte staf sloung binand with felloun wecht Hynt Mczentius Doug. Virgil, 298. 21. V. Beir, s. Rejoice, ye birring paitricks a' ; Ye cootie moorcocks, crousely craw ; — Your mortal fae is now awa', Tarn Samson's dead. Burns, iii. 119. To BiRL, V. n. 1. To *'make a noise like a cart driving over stones, or mill-stones at work," It denotes a constant drilling sound, S. And how it cheers the herd at cen, And sets his heart-strings dirlin. When, comin frae the hungry hill, He hears the qucrnie birlin. Jamicsoii's Popular Ball. ii. 356. This respects the use of the hand-mill. The temjicr pin she gi'es a tirl. An' spins but slow, yat seems to birl. Morisoii's Poems, p. 6. 2. Used Improperly, to denote quick motion in walking ; Loth. Flandr. borl-cn signifies to vociferate; clamare, vo- ciferari ; and bruU-en to low, to bray ; inugire, boare, rudcre, Kilian. But birl seems to be a dimin. from rhe V. llirr, nsed in the same sense, formed by means of the letter I, a common note of diminution. Dr Johnson has observed, that " if there be an /, as in Jingle, tingle, tinkle, &c. there is implied a frequency, or iteration of small acts;" Grammar E.T. We may add, thai (his termination is frequently used in words which denote a sharp or tingling sound ; as E. uhirl, drill ; S. tirl, skirl, clirl. To BIRSE, BiRZE, Brize, v. a. l. To bruise, S. Alas, for evermair ! That I should see thee lying there, — Sac bruis'd and birs'd, sue blak and blae. IVat son's Coll. i. 65. He smote me dounc, and brissit all my banis. Palice of Honour, iii. 71. O' may'st thou doat on some fair paughty wench, That ne'er will lout thy lowan drouth to quench : Till briiUl beneath the burden, thou cry, dool ! Ramsay's Poems, ii. 67. " lie that schal falle on this stoon schal be broken, but on whom it schal falle it schal also brisen him." Wiclif, Matt. 21. lirisc is common in O. E. 2. To push or drive ; to bine !*», to push in, S. B I R For they're ay birsing in their spurs Wharc they can get them. Shirrefs' Poems, p. 348. A.S. brt/s-an, Belg. brt/s.cn; Ir. bris-im^ Fr. bris-er, id. BiRSE, Brize, s. A bruise, S. To BIRSLE, Birstle, Brissle, v. a. i. To burn slightly, to broil, to parch by means of fire; as, to birsk pease, S. The battellis war adionit now of new. Not in manere of landwart folkis bargane, — Nor blunt styngis of the brissillit tre. Do7tg. Virgil, 226. 3. They stow'd him up intill a seek. And o'er the horse back brook his neck ; Syne birstled thffy him upon the kill, Till he was banc dry for the mill, i.e. as dry as bones. Allan o' Maut, Jamieson's Popul. Ball. ii. 238. 2. To scorch ; referring to the heat of the sun, S. — Fell echeris of corn thick growing Wyth the new sonnys hete birsillit dois hyng On Ilermy feildis in the someris tyde. Doug. Virgil, 234. 25. Now when the Dog-day heats begin. To birsle and to peel tlic skin, May I lie streekit at my ease, Beneath the caller shady trees, (Far frae the din o' Borrowstown,) Whare water plays the haughs bedown. Pergiisson's Poems, ii. 105. 3. To warm at a lively fire, S. A. Bor. brush, id. Ray derives it from Fr. brusler, to scorch, to burn. Brasill-er, to broil, w ould have been more natural. But the common origin is Su.G. brasa, a lively fire: whence Isl. brys, ardent heat, aud bri/ss-a, to act with fervour, cc breiskc, torreo, aduro ; A. S. brastl, glowing, brastf- ian, to burn, to make a crackling noise, which is only the secondary sense, although given as the primary one, both by Somner and Lye. For this noise is the ef- fect of heat. Ihre derives Gr. /3g«^-w, ferveo, from the same Goth, source. Fr. braise, Ital. brasOy burning coals. Birsle, Brissle, s. A hasty toasting or scorch- ing, S. BIRS, BiRSE, Byrss, Birssis, s. l. A bristle, " a sow's birse," the bristle of a sow, S. Sura byts the birs Evergreen, i. 119. The hartis than and myndis of our menye Mycht not be satisfyit on him to luke and se, As to behald his ouglie eue twane, — The rouch birssis on the breist and creist Of that monstrous half dele wylde beist. Doug. Virgil, 250. 30. 2. Metaph. for the beard. " Mony of tharac lackit beirds, and that was the mair pietie [pity ;] and thairfoir could not buckill uther be the byrss, as sum bauld men wauld have done." Knox, 51. In one MS. 6jVm>. 3. Metaph. for the indication of rage or displea- sure. " To set up one's birss," to put one in a rage. The birse is also said to rise, when one's I C I 11 temper becomes warm, in allusion to animals fenced with bristles, that defend themselves, or express their rage in this way, S. " He was wont to profess as ordiiiari!}' in private, as he spake openly in public, that he knew neither scripture, reason nor antiquitie for knteling: albeit now his birse rise when he hearetli the one, and for cloking the other, his pen hath changed for into ZJiforce." Course of Conforniitie, p, 153. Now that I've gotten Geordy's birse set up, I'm thinking Bessy's pride will dree a fup. Shirrefs' Poems, p. 89. The sowter gave the sow a kiss. Humph, quoth she, its for a birse. S. Prov., '^ spoken of those whose service we sup. pose to be mercenary." Kelly, p. 338. A. S. byrst, Gena. borst, burst, Su.G. borst, id. Ihre derives it from burr, a thistle. Sw. saettia up borsten, to put one in a rage; borstasig, to give one's self airs, E. to bristle up. Here we have the true origin of E. brusli, both v. and s. For Sw. bomt is a brush, borsta, to brush, from borst, seta, a brush being made of bristles. BiRssy, «^'. 1. Having bristles, rough, S. Men micht sc hyra aye With birssy body porturit and visage, A! rouch of haris. Doug, l^irgil, 322. 4. C. Hot-tempered, easily irritated, S. 3. Keen, sharp; applied to the weather. " A birssy day," a cold bleak day, S. B. BIRTH, Byrth, s. Size, bulk, burthen. The bustuous barge yclepit Chimera Gyas wyth felloun fard furtli broeht alsua, Sa huge of birth ane ciete semyt schp. Doug, f'irgil, 131. 27. It Ls in the same sense that we speak of a. ship of so many tons burden. This is the meaning of byrtht, as used by Wyn. town, Cron. i. 13. 17., although I'xpl.inGl. " birth, propagation of animals or vegetables." Tharc bwyis bowys all for byrtht. Bathe merle and mawcys mcllys of myrtht. i. e. their boughs are bowed down with the burden or w eight. Isl. byrd, byrth-ur, byrth-i, Dan. byrde, Su.G. boerd, burden ; wlicnce byrding, navis oneraria. The origin is Isl. ber-a, Su.G. bacr-u, A. S. ber-aii, byr-aii, portare. The term may indeed be viewed as the third p. sing. pr. indie, of the A. S. v. This is byreih, gestat, (V. Lye) ; q. what one bearcth or carries. Birth, as denoting propagation, has the the very same origin ; referring to the gestation of the parent. V. Buhding. BIRTH, s. A current in the sea, caused by a furious tide, but taking a different course from it ; Orkn. Caithn. " The master, finding the current against him, in the middle of the firth, when about 8 or 9 miles east of Dunnet Head, bore in for the shore, where he fell in with the last of the ebb, called by the people here the wester birth. — The easter birth, setting in, soon reached hire with considerable strength." P. Dun- net, Caithn. Statist. Ace. xi. 247. N. — " These tides carry their waves and billows B I 'S high, and run with such violence that they cause a contrary motion in the sea adjoining to the land, which they call Easier.btrth or Westcr-birth, ac- cording to its course ; yet notwithstanding of the great rapidity of these tides and births, the iuhabi. tants, daily almost, travel from isle to isle about their several ati'airs in their little cock-boats or yoals, as they call them." Wallace's Orkney, p. 7. It has been supposed that birth, as here used, ad- mits of the same sense as when it denotes sea-roora in general. But because of the contrary motion, it may be allied to Isl. brcit-a, mntare. It seems pre. ferable, however, to deduce it from Isl. byrd-ia cur- rere, festinare, Verel. ; as apparently signifying a strong current. B YRUNNING, /.ar/./,/-. He gayf To the victor ane mantil brusit with gold, Wyth purpour seluage writhing mony fold, And all byrunning and loupit lustelie, As rynnis the ilude Meander in Thessalie. Doug. Virgit, 136. 4. " Embroidered," Rudd. But the meaning is zcaved ; corresponding to, Meandro duplicc cucurrit, Virg. Brusit is embroidered. MoesG. birinn-an, percurrere. By-runis, s.pl. Arrears. " The Maistcr or Lord may not rccognose the lands for the hyrunis of his fermes." Skene, In- dex, Keg. Maj. vo. Maistcr. This is formed like By-gaxes, q. v. BISHOPRY, s. Episcopacy, go%'^ernment by diocesan bisliops. " They did protest against bishopry and bishops, and against the erection, confirmation or ratification tliercof." Apologet. Relation, p. 35. A. S. biscopricc, episcopatus. BISHOP'S FOOT. It is said the Bishop's foot has been in the broth, when they are singed, S. This phrase seems to have had its origin in times of Popery, when the clergy had such extensive influence, that hardly any thing could be done without their interference. Anotiier phrase is very similar; '• Scarcely can any business be marred, without a priest, or a woman, having a hand in it." This phrase is also used A. Bor. " The bishop has set his foot in if, a saying in tho North, used for milk that i« burnt.to in boiling. Formeriy, in days of superstition, whenever a bishop passed through a town or village, all the inhabitants ran out in order to rec^nye his blessing ; this frequent- ly caused the milk on the fire to be left till burnt to the vessel, and gave origin to the above allusion." Gl. Grose. This origin is rather fanciful. The French use the phrase pas de Clcrc, literally, tho clergyman's (or clerk's) foot to denote a foolish trick, a gross over- sight. Although this rather respects stupidity than evil design, it may have been the ©rigin of our phrase. BISM, Bysyme, Bisne, Bisine, s. Abyss, gulf. Fra thine strckis the way profound anone, Depe vnto hellis flude of Acheron, With hoil bisme, and hidduous swelth unrude. Doug. Virgil, 173. 37. B I S ni/fi/iiic, 82. 15. Fr. abjismc, Gr. aJuTir®-. RISMING, Byisming, Byisning, Btsening, Bysynt, adj. Horrible, monstrous. And Plulo eik the fader of that se Rcpultis that bismiiig bi'lch hati-full to se. Dou<:. y'irsil, 217. 45. 1 he fury Alccto is here described. Ant" grete spere At the syde of that bisning beist threw he. Ibid. 40. 17. Fori, Virg. i. e. of the Trojan horse, as it is com- monly df.sijned. The bifisning beist the serpent Lerna. — Ibid. 173. 15. Bollua, Virg. Tint sair I drcd me for some uther jaip, That Venus siild, throw her siibtillitic, Iiitill sum hysuing beist traiisfigurat me, As in a bcir, a bair, ane oulc, ane aip. Police of Honour., i. 68. Rudd. oxpl. the terra, " gaping, swallowing, insati. able, destroying." This explanation clearly shews that he has viewed it as an adj. formed from bism, an abyss. But from a comparison of the passages in which it occurs, it appears that the proper sense is monstrous. It is unquestionably the same with bjf. fj/iit, used by Wyntown. Eftyre that he wes broucht on here, Til a bysynt best all lyke Scne he wes bcsyd a dyke, That nere-Iiand a myll wes made. For bath hewyd and tale he had As a hors, and bys body All til a here wes mast lykly. Cron. vi. 13. v. 59. V. Bvssym. BISKET, s. Breast. V. Brisket. BISMAR, Bvsmer, s. A steelyard, or instrument for weighing resembling it; sometimes bissimar, S. B., Orkn, " The Bj/snier is a lever or beam made of wooJ, about three feet long ; and from one end to near the middle, it is a cylinder of about three inches diame- t»-r, thence it gently tapers to the other, which is not above one inch in diameter. From the middle, all along this smallest end, it is marked with small iron pins at unequal distances, which serve ta point out the wei^'hl, from one mark to twentyj'our, or a lis- puiid." Barry's Orkney, p. 211. " The instruments they have for the purpose of weighing, are a kind of staterae or steel-yards; — they are two in number ; and the on* of them is called a pundlar, and the other a bismar. On the first is [are] weighed settings and miels, and on the last marks and hspunds." P. Kirkwall, Orkney, Statist. Ace. vii. 5(j3. This term is commonly used in Angus, for a steel- yard. hl.bismari, besmar, libra, trutiaa minor ; Leg. WestGoth. bismare, Su.G. bcsmun ,- Teut. bosemer, Jd. stater ; Kilian. G. Andr. derives this word from Isl. bes, a part of a pound weight. Rudbcck sup. poses that besmar is put for bi/smark, q. the mark used by a city, according to which the weights of private persons were adjusted. This conjecture, however, is improbable; because the word, in all the iVorthera languages, soJcly denotes a steel-yard, or B L A aiiificiul instrument for weighing; in contradistinc- tion from those which give the real weight. V. Pundlar. BISMARE, BisMERE, s. i. A bawd. Douchter, for thy luf this man has grete diseis, Quod the bismere with the slekit speche. Doug. Virgil, Prol. 97. 1. 2. A lewd woman, in general. Get ane bismare ane barne, than al hyr blys gane is. Ibid. 238. b. 27. " F. ab A. S. bismer, contumeHa, aut bis. mer/iin, illudere, dehonorare, poUuere," Rudd. ; " connected perhaps with Teut. baesinne, arnica;" Gl. Sibb. BISMER, s. The name given to a species of stickle-back, Orkn. " The Fifteen-spirted stickleback ( gasterosteus spim/chia, Lin. Syst.) — is here denominated the bis- mer, from the resemblance it is supposed to bear to the weighing instrument of that name." Barry's Orkney, p. 289. BYSPRENT,/>flr/./>rt. Besprinkled, overspread. 1 se stand me before As to my sicht, maist lamentabill Hector, With large fludc of teris, and all bysprent — With barknyt blude and powder. — Doug. Firgil, 48. 1. Belg. besprengh-en, to sprinkle. To BYSSE, Bizz, v. n. To make a hissing noise, as hot iron plunged into water, S. The irnc lumpis, into the cauis blak, Can bj/sse antl quhissil. Doug. Virgil, 257. 16. Belg. bies-cn, to hiss like serpents. BissE, Bizz, s. A hissing noise, S. Now round and round the serpents whizz, Wi' hissing wrath and angry phiz ; Sometimes they catch a gentle gizz ; Alack-a-day ! An' singe wi' hair-devouring bizs, Its curls away. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 16. BISSARTE, BissETTE, s. A buzzard, a kind of hawk. " Anent ruikis, crawis, & vther foulis of reif, as ernis, btssartis^ gleddis, mittalis, — at the said foulis of reif alluterly be distroyit be all maner of man." Acts Ja. ii. 1457. c. 85. edit. 1666. Bissetes, Skene. Germ, buscrt, Fr. bussart, id. BYSSYM, BrsYM, Besum, Bysn, Bissome, Bus- some, Bysning, i. 1. A monster. He said, " Allacc, I am lost, lathest of all, Bj/sym in bale best." tloulatc, iii. 25. MS. I see by my shaddow my shap hes the wyte, Quhame sail I bleme in this breth, a besum that I be ? Ibid. i. 6. Mr Pinkerton certainly gives the general sense of the term, when he renders it " deformed creature." But in the same stanza it is literally explained : Bot quha sail make me amendis of hir worth a myte^ That this hes maid on the mold a monster of me? — Yone lustie court will stop or meit, To justifie this bysning quhilk blasphemit. Palice of Honour, ii. 7. Edin. edit. 1579. B I T B L A Edit. Edin. 1579, i. e. " to inflict capital punish, merit on this blasphemous monster." So am I now cxyld from honour ay, Conipairil to Cresside and the uglj' oul. Vy lothsomc lyfi- ! ¥y death that dou not serve me ! Botquik and dead abi/yym thow must preserve me. Montgbmcrj/, MS. Cliron. S. P. iii. 506. 2. A prodigy, sometliing portenti'ous of calamity. " This year many prodigious signos were observed. A comet of that kind, which the Astronomers call Koiytv, the vulgars a firie Bitisome. shined the whole months of November, December, and Januarj'." Spotswood, p. 94. " It was callit. The fyrei/ Jiussome," Knox's Hist. p. 92. MS. i. bxssome. 3. Bysim is still used as a term highly expressive of contempt for a woman of an unworthy cha- racter, S. Mr Macpherson, vo. Bysynf, mentions A. S. bi/s. morJuU, horrendus. Isl. bysmarfull has the same sense; Ij/siia, to portend; ii^y//, a prodigy, grande quod ac ingcns, G. Andr. Perhaps A. S. bijsit., an example, h>jsnian to exem- plify, although used obliquely, may have the same origin. Sti.G. buse is a spectre, Dan. busemand, a bugbear. V. Bjsming. BISTAYD, BisTODE, pnt. Tristrem to Mark it seyd, — How stormes hem bi.<'(iij/d, Til anker hem brast and are. Sir Tristrem, p. 40. St. 62. " Withstood," Gl. Perhaps rather, surrounded ; A. S. bcsloil, circunidodit, from bestand-an, Teut. heiteen, circunisistere, circumdare. BYSTOUR, BoYSTURE, s. A term of contempt ; the precise meaning of which seems to be lost. It is sometimes conjoined with bard, as in the fol. lowing passage. Blicrd, babling bysfour-bard, obey; Learn, skybald knave, to know thy sell. Po/r:-rt;7'.v Flyting, IVatsoiVs Coll. iii. 6. Several similar terms occur; as Fr. bistorii, crooked, ioes^t'r, to limp: hioiarin, " a great lub- ber, thickc dniggcll, cowardly luske, dastardly slab- bcrdegallion ;" Cotgr., a species of description yvor- thy of cither Polwart or Montgomery. Boustariii, le nom que Ton donnc a un gros hom- me dans quelqucs Provinces de France. Diet. Trcv. As this term is connected with " hood-pykes, and hunger bitten," ibid. p. 9. it might seem allied to Teut. bi/sfer, ad extremum rcdactus, exhaustus bonis, Kilian. Or, as it is conjoined in the same passage with an inelegant term, denoting that the bard had not the power of retention, can it be allied to Fr. b.oire, to drink, bottle, boile, drunk ? BIT, s. A vulgar term used for food ; S. Bit and laid, meat and clothing, S. B. I'm een content it be as ye wad hae't; Your honour winna miss our bit and baid. Boss's Ilclenorc, p. 113. Although baid be understood of clotliing, I suspect that it, as well as bit, originally signified food, from A. S. bead, a table ; if not q. bed, equivalent to the inferted phrase, bed and board. BYT, s. The pain occasioned by a wound. Scho skipping furth, as to eschew the byf, Can throw the forest fast and grauis glyd : But cuer tlie dedly schaft stikkis in hir syde. Duvg. Virgil, 102. 10. A. S. bi/i, morsHs, mctaph. used. BITTILL, s. A beetle, a heavy mallet, especi- ally one used for beating clothes. He could wirk windaris, quiiat way that he wald ; Mak a gray gus a gold garland, A lang spere of a bittill for a berne bald, Noblis of nutschcllis, and silver of sand. Hoiilate, iii. 12. MS. This is the description of a juggler. To BYWAUE, -u. a. To cover, to hide, to cloak. The feruent luf of his kynd natiue land — Mot al euil rumourc fra his lawde bijzvaiie. Doug. I'irgil, 195. 10. A. S. beivaef-an, MoesG. biicaib-jan, id. To BIZZ, -v. n. To hiss. V. Bysse. To BIZZ, Bizz about, v. n. To be in constant motion, to bustle, S. Su.G. be.t.a, a term applied to beasts which, when beset with wasps, drive hither and thither ; Teut. bics- en, bys-cn, furente ac violento impetu agitari; Kilian. BLA, Blae, ad/. Livid ; a term frequently used to denote the appearance of the skin when dis- coloured by a severe stroke or contusion, S. Bot of thayra the maist parte To schute or cast war perfyte in the art, AVith lede pellokis from ingynis of staf sling By dyntis bla thare famen doun to dyng. Doug. Virgil, 232. 52. Lethargus lolls his lazy hours away. His eyes are drowsy, and his lips are blae. Ramsaj/'s Poe/ns, i. 96. " Blee, blucish, pale blue, lead colour. North." Gl. Grose. Su.G. blaa, Isl. bla-r. Germ, blaic, Belg. blauzc. Franc, pluuu, lividus, glaucus. It seems doubtful if A. S. blco was used in this sense; " caerulcus, blue or azure-coloured," Somner, whence E. blue. To BLABBER, Blaber, Bleber, v. n. To babble, to speak indistinctly. " Gif the heart be good, suppose we blabber with •wordes, yit it is acceptable to him." Bruce's Eleven Sermons, L. 2. b. That gars thee ryme in terms of sence denude And blaber thingis that wyse men hate to heir. Kennedy, Evergreen, ii. 65. st. 12. I haif on me a pair of Lowthiaue hipps. Sail fairer Inglis niak, and mair perfyte, Than thou can bleber with thy Carrick lipps. Dunbar, Ibid. 53. st. 8. Teut. blabber-en, confuse et incpte garrire, Jun.. TO. Blab. Hence, B'LABERINg, s. Babbling. My mynd misty, ther may not mys ane fall ; ■Stra for thys ignorant blabcring imperfite, Beside thy polist termes redymyte. Doug. Virgil, 3. 36. BLACKAVICED, adj. Dark of the com- plexion, S. from black and Fr. vis, the visage. O n L A linprimis then, fur (atlncES, I Am live foot anil four inches high ; A 4/«tA-.rt-i'/f'(/ snod dai)per fallow, IS'or loan, iior over-laid wi' fallow. ]iamsiij/'s Poems, ii. 3C'2. BLACK-BOYDS, /./>/. The name given to t!ie fruit of the bramble, West of S. BLACK-BURNING, adj. Used in reference to shame, when it is so great as to produce deep blushing, or to crimson the countenance, S. Soniebodj- sajs to some fowk, we're to blame; That 'tis a scandal and a blacl- burning shame To thole young callamls thus to grow sac snack. Jiainmjj\s Pijcms, i. 285. At first view, the word might seem to be formed from the dark comjijcxion wliicli the countenance as. «uines, when covered with shame. 13utitis rather from Sn.G. Isl. blj/gd, siiiime, blushing ; blj/gd-u, to Mush ; q. the burning of blushes. In this sense, ac. cording to our version, it is threatened that women shall iiavc " burning instead of beauty, Isa. iii. 24. BLACK-COCK, s. The Heath-cock, black Game, S. Tetrao tetrix, Linn. V. Penn. Zool. p, 266. Tetrao seu Urogallus minor— Callus palustris Scoticus, Gesn. Nostratibiis, the B/aii cod. Sibb. Scot. p. 10. ." Kven the beautiful black cod:, as well as the grouse, is to be met with on the high grounds." P. .Kirkpatrick.lrongray, Statist. Ace. iv. 532. " Till of late years that his sequestered hauuts have been disturbed by the intrusion of more numerous flocks of sheep, the black cock, or gallus Scoticanus, ■was ^» out to hail the dawn of the vernal morning amidst the heaths of this country." P. Kirkmichael, Banlt's. Statist. Ace. xii. 450. N. V. CArtucAiLYE. BLACK FISH, fish when they have recently spawned. V. Reid Fische. BLACK-FISHING, s. Fishing for salmon, un- der night, by means of torches, S. " The practice of black -Ji shin gh so called, because it is performed in the night time, or perhaps because the fish are tlieu black or foul. At this season, they frequent gravelly shallows, where the female digs con. siderable holes, hi which she deposits the roe. Du. ring this operation, which usually continues for some weeks, the male attends her, and both are in a very torpid state. The black-Jishem, provided w ith spears, coinposeil of five.barbed prongs, fixed \\\)o\\ a strong shaft, wade up and down upon the shallows, preceded by a great torch, or blaze, as it is called, consisting of dried broom, or lir tops, fastened round a pole. By this light the fish are soon discerned, and being then very dull, arc easily transfixed." P. Ruthven, Forfars. Statist. Ace. xii. 294. V. Leisttu. BL.ACK-FOOT, J. A sort of match-maker; one who goes between a lover and his mistress, en- deavouring to bring the fair one to compliance, S. pronounced Hack-fit ^ synon. il///j/j, q. v. BLACK-HEAD, s. The Powit-guU, Shetl. " Black-head, Powit-guU, Larus ridibundus. Black-head is a Shetlaud name. This gull is also D L A goraeliuics called Hooded-crozc." Neili's Tour, p. 201. BLACK-MAIL. V. Mail. BLACK PUDDING. V. Mart. BLACK SPAUL, a disease of cattle, S. The Black Spend is a species of pleurisy, incident to young cattle, especially calves, which gives a black hue to the Jlesli of the side afl'ected. It is indicated by lameness in the fore foot, and the common reme- dv is immediate bleeding." Prize Essays, Highl. Soe. S. ii. 207. BLAD, Blaud. s. a large piece of any thing, a considerable portion, S. expl. " a flat piece of any thing." Gl. Burns. Thou said, I borrowed blcids ; that is not true : The contrary, false smatchct, shall be seen. I never had, of that making ye mein, A verse in w rit, in print, or yet perqueir ; Whilk I can prove, and cleanse me wonder cleir; Though single words no writer can forbcir. PohaarVs Flijting, p. 27. Grit binds and bits thou staw full oft. Evergreen, i. 121. St. 4. I'll write, and that a hearty Maud, This vera night. So diuna ye atfront your trade, But rhyme it right. Burns, iii. 243. The word, in this sense, is of very great latitude. " A blad of bread," is a large Ihit piece. Sometimes the adj. great is prefixed ; aKIiough it is rather redun- dant. '■'■ I ga,t a. great blad of Virgil by heart;" I committed to memory a great many verses from Virgil. This word, as pcrhajis originally applied to food, may be from A. S. blacd, fruit of any kind ; a word, which, as Spclman observes, has from the Saxons been universally difl'used through Europe; Germ. blaed, id. It is in favour of this etymon, that as A. S. blacd, bled, also denoted ;)o/./((';Z'4- y blads and dazcds, is still the designation given to large leaves of greens boiled whole, in a sort of broth, Aberd. Loth. F^or blads was most probably the original name ; and dawds might be added as an expletive, after blad had lost its primary sense as denoting pot-tterbs, and come to signify a large piece of any thing ; dand being, in this sense, an exact synonyme. Thus, the com- pound phrase might be used as signifying greens boiled in large 2>ieccs. It is possible, after all, that the word, as denoting a large portion, may be from Ir. bladh, a part; bladh.am, I break. BLAD, s. A person who is of a soft constitution; whose strength is not In proportion to his size or looks. It is often applied to a young person, who has become suddenly tall, but is of a relax- ed habit, S. B. This may be merely the preceding word used in a secondary sense. But as this is very doubtful, I have given it distinctly. It is allied, perhaps, to A. S. blaed, as denoting, either the boughs or leaves of trees, or growing corn ; as both often shoot out so rapidly as to give the idea of weakness. This is B L A B L E especially the case as to rank corn. It may have some affinity, however, to Germ, blodc, the original tense of which is, weak, focblc. BLAD, s. A portfolio, S. B. As the E. word is comp. of Fr. port-cr, to carry, a.'aAfeuille, a leaf; the S. term has a similar origin ; being evidently from Su.G. blad, A. S. blaed, folium. It has been said, that men anciently wrote on leaves of frees, before the invention of paper ; and that a book, among the heathen nations, at first consisted of a number of such leaves stitched together. Now it is a curious circumstance, that most of the European Ian. guages retain an allusion to this custom. As Lat. folium denotes not only the leaf of a tree, but that of a book : the Fr. uscjcuille, the E. leaf, and the Sw. blad in the same manner. Folio, also, which now signifies a book of a large size, formerly denoted the leaf of a book. Germ, blat, folium arboris aut plan, tae, et quicquid foliis simile, schedula, charta, kc. To BLAD. 1. Used impers. " Its bladdin on o' iveet, the rain is driving on ; a phrase that denotes intermitting showers accompanied with squalls, S. C To abuse, to maltreat in whatever way, Aberd. Corn is said to be bladdit, when overthrown by wind. 3. To slap, to strike ; to drive by striking, or with violence, S. Dad, synon. — Scotland maun be made an Ass. To set her jugraent richt, Theyil jade hir and blud hir, Untill scho brak hir tether. Vision, Evergreen, i. 220. I had not then, with every lown, With every butcher up and down, Been hladJcd frac town to town, Nor gotten sick oppression. fVatson's Coll. i. 63. •' A man may^ love a haggish, that wo'd not have the bag bladcd in his teeth ;" S. Prov. Kelly, p. 38. " Remember mc to all that ask for me, but blade me in no body's teeth." Kelly, p. 284. Germ, blodcrn is used in the first sense. Es blo- dert, it storms and snows ; also, blat-en to blow. It is doubtful, whether the term be radically the same as used in the two last senses. If it be, they must be both viewed as oblique, and as originally de- noting what is beaten and tossed about by a stormy wiud. Isl. hluegt-a indeed signifies, to be moved by the wind, motari aura; G. Andr. p. 31. It is possible, however, that the word, as denoting to abuse, also to strike, may be corr. from O. Fr. plaud-er to bang, to maul. Blad, s. A squall ; always including the idea of rain, S. A heavy fall of rain is called " a blad of weet," S. B. Bladdy, adj. Inconstant, unsettled ; applied to the weather. " A bladdy day," is one alter- nately fair and foul. BLAD, s. A dirty spot on the cheek, S. perhaps q. the effect of a blow^. Gael, blad, however, is synon. BLADARIE, s. " Bot allace it is a festered secnritie, the inward heart is full of bladarie, quhilk bladarie shal bring sik terrors in the end with it, that it shal multiply thy torments." Bruce's Eleven Seini. edit. 1591. Expl. filth, filthiness, Eng. vers. Lond. 1617. But I hesitate as to this sense, which is supported by 110 cognate word. It seems rather, vain glory, vain boasting ; Teut. blaeterije, jactantia, vaniloquentia. BLADDERAND, Bladdrand, V. Blether. BLADE, s. The leaf of a tree, S, A. S. blued, bled; Su.G., Isl., Belg. blad. Germ. blat, Alem. plat, id. Instead of seeking a Greek origin, with other etymologists, I would view it as the part. pa. of A. S. bleic-an, bloK-an, florere, " to blow, to bloomc, toblossome; to bud, to burgeon, to spring," Somn. ; blaczccd, q. what is bloiced, or shot fortii ; just as Franc, bltiat, flos, is from bly-en, florere. BLADOCH, Bledoch, Bladda, s. Butter- milk, S. B. Scho kirnd the kirn, and skum'd it clene, And left the gudcman bot the bledoch bair. Baniiati/ne Poems, p. 21C. " They sent in some smachry or ither to me, an' a pint of their scuds, as so«r as ony bladoch." Journal from London, p. 9. This word is used in Aberd. and some parts of Aug. and Mearns, most adjacent to the Highlands. Ir. bladhach, Gael, blath-ack, id. C. B. blitit, milk in general. BLADRY, s. Expl. " trumpery." " Sltame fall the gear and the b adry o7. The turn of an old Scottish song, spoken when a young handsome girl marries an old man, upon the account of his wealth." Kelly, p. 296. But it seems improperly cxpl. It may be either the same with Bladarie, or Blaidrij, q. t. BLAE, Blay, s. The rough parts of wo->d left in consequence of boring or sawing, S. B. Germ, bleh, thin leaves or plates ; lamina, bracteola ; Wachter. Blaes, J./)/. Apparently, lamina of stone, S. " The mettals I discovered were a coarse free stone and blacs, (dipping, to the best of my thought, toward a moss,) and that little coal crop which B. Troop saw dug.'' State, Eraser of Fraserfield, &c. Lett. A. 1724. p. 345. BLAE, adj. Livid. V. Bla. Blae-berry, s. The Billberry ; Vaccinium myr" tillus, Linn. Nae birns, or briers, or whins e'er troubled me, Gif I could find blue-berries ripe for thee. Ramsaj^'s Poems, ii. 107. " The black-berried heath (empetrum nigrum), and the blaeberrj/ bush (vaccinium myrtillus), are al- so abundant." NeiU's Tour to Orkney, p. 5'i. Sw. bla-baer, vaccinium, Sercn. Isl. blabcr, myr- tilli, G. Andr. To BLAFLUM, v. a. To beguile, S. Av'rice, luxury, and ease, A tea-fac'd generation please, Whase pithless linifj^ in silks o'crclad Scarce bear the lady-handed lad Frae's looking-glass into the chair (1 2 D L A Whicli bears him to hlajium the fair. Ramsafs I'ui-nis-, i. 13^1. V. Bleflum, s. BLAIDRY, J. Nonsense. V. Blether, ?/. BLAIDS, J././. —The L/(ticd hi^ blinon, which is the badije of his office." Krs'kinc's Inslit. B. -4. Tit. 4. s. 33. Accordin« in Leibnitz (Annot. ad Joh. Ollii Franco. Ciall.) (Jerm. blui'isc denotes a sign in ge. ueral. Thence he derives blazon, a term marking that si^n, in heraldry, which is peculiar to each fa- mily. 1 lie origin beeiiis to be Su.G. A/uewc. V. Bamtsand. To BLAST, v.H. l.To pant, to breathe hard, S.B. L|> there comes twa shepherds out of breath, Kais'd.iike and blasting, and as haw as death. Ross's Ilelcnore, p. 23. 2. To smoke tobacco, S. B. 3 To blow wiih a wind instrument, He hard a bugill blctfl brym, and anc loud bhnv. Guican and Gul. ii. 17. 4. To boast, to speak in ano.stcntatioiis manner, S. Su.G. bltiat-n, iiisfirun-. Germ. bl(i<:-cii, Hare. The application of the uurd, in all il^ senses, is evi. drutly borrowed I'niiu the idea ol iiluzcing. It is i-^uivaleiit to pulii'ig, whether used simply or mela. Shurically. Isl. blchl-tir, h.ililus, llalus. Hence, ILAST, s. A brat;, a vain boast, S. " To say that hee hail faith, is but a vainc blast; what hath his life bene but a web of vices ? Boyd's I^sl Rattcll, p. 1107. Blaster, s. A boaster ; also, one who speaks extravagantly in narration, S. Blastie, j. " A shrivelled dwarf; a term of contempt," S. q. what is blasted. O Jenny, dinna tuss your lie.id. An' bet your b;aulies a' abread ! Yc little ken what — spi'ed The bluilie's makiu ! Burns, iii. 230. To BLAST, V, a. To blow up with gunpowder. " This roik i.s the only stone found in the pari>.h If for building. It is quarried by blwiing with funpowUir." P. Luiun, Forfars. Statist. Ace. i. 44'i. V. next word. Blaster. One who is employed to blow up stone* witli gunpowder; S. ♦» A master wa.s in constant employ to blu^t the great stones wilJi gunpowder." Pcnuant'd Tour iu 5. 1700, p. f)b. BLATE, a^j. Bashful. V. Blait. To BLATHER, v. n. To talk nonsensically. Bi.ATHiR, /. \'. Blether. BL.\TTER, /. A rattling noise ; S. The T. occurs in O. K. althounh now obsolete. It properly signifies to make such a noise ; also to speak A ith viulunee and rapidity ; S. In harvest was a dreatlfu' thunder Which garf a' Britain filour and wonder; Tb- phirzing bout came with a blatter^ B E A And dry'd our great sea to a gutter. Ramsaj/'s Poems, i. 335, Lat. blatcr-are, Teut. blater-en, stulte loqui, Ki. lian. V. Blaituer, which is perhaps radically the same. BLAUCHT, adj. Pale, livid. In cxtasic be his brichtncss atanis He smote me dounc, and brissit all my banis : Thair lay I still in swoun with colour blaught. Police of Honour, iii. st. 71. A.S. blac, blaec ; Su.G. blck, Isl. blcik-r, Germ. blcich, Belg. bleeck, b/eych, Dan. blaeg, Alem. jileich, E. bleak, pallidus. A. S. blac-ian, Su.G. blek-na, to wax pale. BLAVING. Thair wcs blaving of bemys, braging and heir, Bretynit dounc braid wod maid bewis full bair: Wrightis weltcrand doime trcis, wit ye but weif). Ordanit hurdys ful hie in holtis sa haire. Gaxsan and Gol, ii. 13. Blauing, cd. 1508. This signifies " blowing of trumpets," which agrees to what immediately follows, " braging and beir," i. c. boasting and noise. We find the very phrase in A.S. blazcan Lyman, buccina canere. Na bla::(; man bijman beforan the; Nor let a trumpet be blown before thee ; -Matt. vi. 2. V. Bcme, v. and 6. BLAW, s. A blow, a stroke. He gat a bluic, thoclit he war hul or lord, That proferryt hint ony lychtlyncs. Wallace, i. 348. MS. Teut. blneic-en, caedere. Bluio is used in tbi» sense, Gl. Westmorel. To BLAW, ^1. Used both as a. and n. i. To blow ; ill a literal sense referring to the wind, S. — And at command mycht also, quhan he wald, Let thaym go fre at large, to blaic out brade. Doug. Firgfl, 15.7, A. S. bla-.c-an, flare. 2. To breathe, S. " Quhen the barne is hrocht to the kirk to be baptizit solely, first at the kirk dore, the minister inakis ouir the barne an cxorcisnie, eftir this maner : First he bluti:is apoii the barne in takin that the euil sprcit be the powar of God sail be cxpellit fra that barne & haue na powar to noy it, & that the haly spreit sal dwel ii\ it as ^'vder & goueruour." Abp. Hamiltouu's Catech. Fol. 129, b. 130, a. 3. To publish, to make known, S. Thy glore now, the more now, Is kend, O potent God, In schawing and bla:ciiig Thy potent power abrod. Burcl, Watson's Coll. i\. 53. fc. Olou) is used in the same sense. 4. To brag, to boast, S. £/ast, synon. For men sayis oft that fyr, na prid Bot discouering may na man hid. F'or the pomp oft the pride furth schawjs. Or clhs the gret boist that it blawis. Na moi- ma na man [fyr] sa cowyr, Than low or rek sail it discouyr. Barbour, iv. 122^ jyjS. B L A Ffjr is inserted from piiit. 1620. Quiiat wykkitncs, qiihat wanthrjft now iu wurld walkis ? Bale has bauist bly times, boist gretc hrag I/lmcif. Doug.yirgil, 238. i. 30. J3oasting ii here personified. I wiuna Uaic about niysel ; As ill I like ray faufs to tell ; But friends and folks that wish me well They sometimes roose me. Burns, iii. 239. There's Lowrie the laird o' Diimmcller, — He brags aud he Wc/ji-s o' his siller. Il^iJ. It. 306. Corm. W«.v has considerable analogy. For it is rendered, falsus, mendax, dolosus ; blawstitimpf, a sycophant, an accuser, one who craftily relates what is false for tniih; Wachter. To this Tent, blas.cn is nearly allied, as defined by Wolfgang Hunger; Flare et nimiis vani'>qiie laudibiis rem etferre, ac in. ani fiatu infarcire. V. Kilian, vo. lilaesoen. lilacs, kaeckeu, which primarily signifies, to inlhite the ■cheeks, is also used in ri.-la(iou fo boasting. Hnccas inflare: jaclare, jactilare. lilaes-kaecLe, btatero, jactator; a boaster, a braggadocio. 5. To magnify in narration, especially from a principle of ostentation, S. 0. To flatter, to coax. It is used in a .S. prov. phrase; " Ye first burn me, and then Haw me :" sometimes written hfo:c. — " Argylc, who was chief for my going to London, having burnt me before, would then hloic me." — Baillie's Lett. i. 389. 7. To b/inv in one's ///f, to cajole or flatter a per- son, so as to be able to guide him at will, S. Thus Sathan hi your knavish higgis blc:i.', Still to deny all trcuth and veritie ; Sua that anwug ye salbe fund richt few, Hot ar infcctit with devlish biasphemic. Nirol Burnt', Chron. S, P. iii. 45-1. To blozc in the car, id. O. E. " AJiio the Marshall Santandrae, a suftle, craftie «nd malicius man, blczv in his cun\ that by the suttle procurement of the Admirall, he was put vp by the asseniblie of states to be a bryber and an extor. tioner." llanius's Civil Warres of France, i. 141. Su.G. blaas-a is Hsed in a sense nearly allied. It signifies to instil evil counsel. Blaas.a uti nogon c/aA-a ?•«£/, alicui mala subdereconsilia, Ihre. Hence he says, oron~blaasare, delator, quive mala consilia clanculum auribus insusurrat ; literally, one " who blows in the ear of another." Teut. oor-hlacsen is perfectly correspondent to the S, phrase. It not only signifies, in aurem muesare, sive mussitare, ob. gannire in aurem; but is rendered, blandiri : Oor. blaeser, a whisperer; Kilian. 8. To huff a man at draughts. / hlaw ox blow you, I take this man, S. Su.G. blaas.a, to blow, is used in this very sense. Blaasa bort en bricka i damspel, Seren. 9. To biavj appin locks or bolts, and to loose fet- ters, by means of a magical power ascribed to the breath, S. When it has been found scarcely possible to con. D L A fine a prisoner, because of his uncommon ingenuity or dexterity, it has been supposed by the vulgar that he had receive*) from the devil the power of llaicing locks open, iJ>:c. '' 'W hat is observable in John Fiene is, — his open, ing locks by sorcery, as owe by mere bloicing into a woman's hand while he sat by the fire." Scottish Trial of Witches, Glanvillc'sSadd. Triumph, p. 397. John Fein hlcz: up the kirk doors, and blew in the lights, which were lil*e mickle black candles sticking round about the pulpit." Satan's Invisible World, p. n. This ridi(\ilo«s idea still exists. AVhence it has Originaled, it is not easy to conceive. If is not im. probable that the i:. v. to hloxj upon, generally un- derstood to refer to the act of Jlj/.//lozcing, has ori. ginally had some affinity to this ; as denoting the magical iulluence of one supposed to possess preter. natural power. This is int-rely analogous to the ef- fect ascribed to an evil cijc. 10. To blaw out on one, to reproach him. Y. Bauchle, v, sense 2. Br. AW, s. 1. A blast, a gust, S. Rudd. He hard aue bugill blast bryin, and aneloud hluti:. (iazidii and Gol. ii. 17. 2. The sound emitted by a wind instrument, i. A falsehood, a lie told from ostentation. He telh grcit b/ciws, S. B. BLAW, !. A pull, a draught; a cant term, used among topers, S. Then come an' gie's tlie fithcr blaw O' reaming ale, .Mair precious than the well o' Spa, Our hearts to heal. l-'orgasson's Poems, ii, 12. Now moisten wecl your geyzcn'd wa'as Wi' coutiiy friends and hearty blan's. Ibid. p. 124. BLAWN COD, a split cod, half-dried, Ang. ; so denominated, perhaps, because exposed for some time to the -ivind. BLAWORT, .<•. The Blue bottle; Centaurea cyanus, Linn., S. Witch-bells^ also, Thumbles, S.B. Ure, in his Hist, of Rutherglen, gives a different account of this plant. " Campanula rotundifolia, Round-leav'd Bell. flower. IJ/flJcar/, Scotis ;" p. 241. " The blaji:.r:ort, or blue.bottle, which appears in our wheat fields in the south, here spreads its flowers among the flax." Neill's Tour, p. 39. To express any thing of a livid colour, it is said to be " as blae," sometimes, " as blue, as a blauort," S, from bla, livid, q. v. and Kort, an herb. Blaver is the name of blue-bells, Tweedd. Its a strange beast indeed ! Four-footed, with a fish's head ; — • Of colour like a blauurt blue. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 184. Sw. blaaklett, blaaklint, blaakorn, id. BLE, Blie, s. Complexion, colour. That berne rade on ane boulk of ane ble white. Gauan and Gol, iii. 20, r> L E For hydious, how and holkit is thine ce, Thy cheik bane hair, and blaikint is thy Olie. Diinh(it\ }\vcr!;rccn, ti. b6, st. 15. This word is common in O. l). A. S. blcoh, blio, rolor. To BLEACH doun, or along, Z'. ft. To fall flat to ihc ground. BAacb is also used to denote a fall of this description, Loth. Fcrlups from M. O/ai-n, vcrbirare ; as denoting the effect of a violent blow. ftloesG. Oligg-ican, id. Bleach, /. A blow, S. B. Gl. Shirr. Then, Duriiinies, 1 you beseech, Keep »er) far from Bacchus' reach ; lie drowned all my cares to preach With his malt-bree ; I'Tc wore sair b:inis by moiiy a bleach Of his tap-tree. Poems in flic Uiichan Dialed, P. ii. p. 29. To BLEAD, V. a. Apparentlr, to train, or to lead on to the chace. " The other anecdote regards a son of Pitlurg, who not (he l.iads of Cairnborrow. The day before the battle of (Menlivet, the Marquis of lliintly came to (.'airnborrow, and appKed to his lady, who was sup. posed to rule the roast, for her assistance. She said, she had pot short «aiiiinir; but that her old man, with hi< tipht sons, with a jackniau and a footman to each, sliould attend him immediately, lluntly thanked her, and after some more conversation with her, desired Cairnborrow, who never spoke a word, to stay at home, telling him, that a( his advanced years it \sas not proper to take him along, especially as he had so many of his sons. The old man heard him out, and shrugging up his shoulders, said, " A'a, n«, mii Lord, l II blcud ihc \shclps mi/ivll ; tlicij'tl bile the better." This was at once the reply of a sportsman and a soldier, and ♦he whole family went to battle with the laird at Iheir head. They defeated Argyle, and returned to Cairnborrow." Statist. Aec. IMlhymie, xix.294. Schiller mentions Alem. hhiif.cn, beleit.en, to ac- company, (o conduct, comitari, conducere, salvum rondurtnm dare. BLEAR, s. Something that obscures the sight. 'Tis nae to mini with unco fouk ye see. Nor is the blear drawn easy o'er her cc. /{(i<»'.v Ilelenorc, p. 91. V. Bi.Einis. To BLECK, Blek, v. a. 1. To blacken, li- terally, S. Blaid blcck thee, to bring in agyse, .\nd td drie pcnaunce soon prepare thee. l'olieart\. 28, 29. st. 38. 41. '' niuc, from blcah. Sax. caeruleus. Blehand brown. A bluish brown," Gl. But the word is merely A. S; blae.hei:en a* little transformed. This, like bleak, signifies caeruleus ; but it is also rendered, " hya- <;inth«Sj of violet or purple colour," Somn. The > B \. !•: idea »eeuis, " a biovviiisli toluiir, iddiniiig (o purple or violet." BLEIB, s. 1. A pustule, a blister. " A burnt bleib," a blister caused by burning, S. Ji/fb is mentiuiu'il b\ Skinner as liuun:; the same sense; altliouj;li it would ajipear tliut Johnson could find MO instance of its being used as a written word. Ulcb siijnilies a blister, A. IJor. Gl. Grose. 2. Bliibs, pi. An eruption to wliich children are subject, in which the spots appear larger than in the tneasles; Loth. Border. V. Blob. BLEIRIE, (idj. A term applied to weak li- quor, which has little or no strength ; as bUirie a/e, Fife. BLEIRING, pari. pa. Bleiring Bats. — The blviriiisr Bats and the Benshaw. Pulaarl, ]Vation's Cull. iii. 13. \'. Cveiks. This seems to be the baits, a disease in horses. Bleiring may express the eliect of pain in making the patient to cry out ; Teut. blacr-cn, boare, mu- gire. In SulTolk, blaring siguities the cryiug of a child ; also, the bleating of a sheep, or lowing of an ox or cow. V. Gl. Grose. BLEIRIS, s. pi. Something that prevents dis- tinctness of vision. I think ane man, Sir, of your yciris Suld not be biyndit with the blcirif. Ga seik ane partie of your peires, For ye get nane of mee. Pliilutus, S. P. Rep. iii. 7. This is the same with blear, s. only used in the jj. lUcur in E. is an adj. ; " dim with rhcuui or water." Junius derives it from Dan. blar, Teut. bluer, a pustule. Ihre mentions E. blear-eyed, as allied to Su.G. blir-a, plir-a, oculis semiclausis vi- dere. It is well known that Hob. II., the first king of the name of Stewart, was from this defect sur- named Blear-et/e. BLEIS, Bles, Bless, Bleise, s. i. Blaie, bright flame. Fyr all cler Sone throw the thak burd gan ap])er, Fyrst as a sterne, sync as a mone, And Weill braddcr thareftir sone. The fvr owt syne in bless brast ; And the rek raiss rycht wondre fast. Uarbuur, iv. 129. MS. Mr Pink, renders " bless, blast," Gl. That given aboTc is still the general sense of the word, S. In the North of S. a stranger, if the fire be low, is asked if he would have n bleise ; i. e. the fire kindled up by furze, broom, or any brushwood that burns quickly, so as to give a strong heat. 2. A torch, S. Thou sail anone behald the seyis large. And vmbeset with toppit schip and barge. The ferefull brandis and bleissis of hate fyrc, Reddy to birn thy schippis, lemand schire. Doug. Virgil, 120. 3. " The black-fishers — wade up and down upon the shallows, preceded by a great torch, or bhne, [always pron. bleiye,'] as it is called," P. Ruthven, i'orfars. Statist. Ace. .\ii. 294. V. Black. Fishj.nc. ji J. !•: This is originally the same with Su.C;. bloss, id. but more nearly allied to A.S. blacse, fax, taeda, •" a torch, any thing that makes a blaie," Sonui. 3, A signal made by fire. In this sense it is still used at some ferries, where it is customary to kindle a bleise, when a boat is wanted from the opposite side, S. BLEIS, s. The name given to a river-fish. Alburnns. An qui nostratibus thel?/ejj? Sibb. Scot. p. 25. This seems to be what in E. is called Bleak, Cy. prinus alburnus, Linn. Alburnns, Gcsner. Bleis is perhaps from the Fr. name Able or Ablette. V. Penn. Zool. p. 3lo. BLELLUM, /. An idle talking fellow, Ayrs. She tauld thee well thou was a skellum, A blethering, blustering, drunken hlellum. Burns, iii. 238. To BLEME, V. n. To bloom, to blossom. And hard on burd into the blemit meids Amangis the grene rispis and the rcids, Arryvit scho. Goldin Terge, st. 7. Bannatyne Poems, p. iw. Blf.m IS, /./>/. Blossoms, flowers. The blcniis biywest of blee fro the sone blent, That all brychnit about the bordouris on breid. Houlnle, i. 1. MS. i. e. " the dowers brightest in colour glanced with the rays of the sun." Belg. bloein, MoesG. Isl. bloma, Alem. bluom, Hos, llosculus. Teut. bloem-en, Alem. bly-en, llorere. To BLENK, Blink, v. n. i. To open the eyes, as one does from a slumber, S. The king w p blenkit hastily. And saw his man slopand him by. Barbour, vii. 203. MS. 2. To throw a glance on one, especially as ex- pressive of regard, S. — — . Pawkie mowis couth scho mak ; And clap hir spouis baith breistand bak, And blenk sae winsumlie. — Jamiesiin's Popnlar Ball. i. 284. Sac when she comes the morn, bli/i/c in her eye, And wi' some frankness her your answer gee. Rois's Ilclenorc, p. 52. 3. To look with a favourable eye ; used metaph. in allusion to the shining of the sun, after it has been covered with a cloud. " All would go well, if it might please God to blinh upon Scotland, to remove the three great plagues that we hear continue there, hardness of heart, the pestilence, and the sword." Baillie's Let. ii. 117. Belg. blenc/c-en, blinck-en, Su.G. blacnk.a, to shine, to glance, to Hash as lightning. Allied t(» these are A. S. blic.an, Belg. blikk-cn, Germ, blick- en, Su.G. blick.a, id. Recentiores, says W'achtcr, clegantcr transtule. runt ad visum, quia videre est oculis affulgerc, ob in- sitam oculis lucem, qua nou solum species lumino'iai R 15 L E r«t ipiunt, «»J cliam radios siios in objecta Ticissiin ■parKunt ; TO. lilickxn. V. Uli.nk, v. Blenk, Blivk, /. 1. A beam, a ray. The groiinil lilaikiiK, and firefull wox alsua Of drawiii swi-rd < sili'niiiK to and fra The briclit nu-ltill, and vthir armour sere, Uubaroii the sun 4it';;Aiv betis cler. Doug. Virgil, 226. 8. 2. " .\ glimpse of light," S. Sir J. Sinclair's Obscrv-. p. 113. 3. Hence transferred to the transient influence of the rays of the sun, especially in a cold or cloudy day. Thus it is common to speak of " a warm blink," " a clear blink," S. " A Wi/it, ov blink, a twinkluii; of fair weather." Sir J. Sinclair, p. 1 13. 4. A j;leam of prosperity, during adversity. '* Uy this hlinl; of fiiir weather in such a stormc of fi>rrain as^atiltn, thiniis were a^ain somewhat changed, and the Urucians encouraged," Hume's Hist. Uoug. p. fi9. •• There comci a blink of favour, and hope from Uomc, by the procuring of France." j. Also transferred to a glance, a stroke of the eye, or transient view of any object ; the idea being borrowed, either from the quick trans- mission of the rays of light, or from the short- lived influence of the sun when the sky is much obscured with clouds, S. Consider it werly, rede ofter than anys, Weil at ane blciik sic poetry not tanc is. Doug. I'irgil, 5. 2. >■» — lie possessed small obligation to the young man, who for no intreaty would be pleased to show him any blink of the Assembly's books." Baillitf's Lett. i. 101. ft. A kindly glance, a transient glance expressive of regard, S. A thief sae pawkie is my Jean, To steal a blink, by a' unseen ; But RJejs as li^ht are lovers' eon, When kind love is in the ec. Burns, iv. 239. But owrc my left shouthcr I gac him a blink, Least nerbors should say 1 was saucj' ; My wooer he capcr'd as he'd been in drink, And Tuw'd 1 was his dear lassie. &c. Ibid. p. 230. 1. A moment. " I'll not stay a blink," I will return immediately. In a blink., in a mo- ment, S. Since human life is but a blink. Why should we then its short joys sink ? RumKiy's Poems, ii. 377. The boshfu' lad his errand tines, And may lose Jeiuiy in a blink. R. dallorcajf's Poe/nx, p. 201. The word, as used in this sense, may originally re- fer to tlic action of li^'ht. The cognate terms, how- ever, in other Northern laiij;uagcs, immediately re. >ipect the secondary and obiiij;uc sense of the verb - B L E as denoting the action of the eye. Thns Su.G. blink, ofgonblink, isagl.incc, a cast of the eye, oculi nictus; Germ, blick, Belg. blik, oogcnblik, id.; " the twinkling of the eye, a moment," Sowel. BLENT, pret. Glanced, expressing the quick motion of the eye. The sylour deir of the dc-ise dayntcly wes dent With the duughtyest, in thair dais, dyntis couth dele, Bright letteris of gold, blith unto blent, Makand mencioune quiia maist of manhedo couth niele. Giiican and Gol. i. 6. To the New toun to pass he did his payn To that ilk house, and went in sodanlye ; About be bknt on to the burd him bye. IVall/tcc, ii. 329. MS. Eneas blent him by, and suddauly Vndcr ane rolk at the left side did spy Ane woundcr large castell. — ^ Duug. Virgil, 183. 25. Bknt occurs as the obsolete ];«/■/. of blend. Here it must have a diftcrent origin. It cannot well be front blenk, unless we view the v, as very irregular. Perhaps it is more immediately allied to Su.G. bliga, blia, intcntis oculis aspiccre, q. bligent. Blieke/iy blenckcn, kc. are viewed as freijuentaflves from this verb. Blent, s. A glance. As that drery vnarmyt wicht was stcd. And with ane blent about simyn full raed, — Alas, quod he, wald god sum crd or sand, Or sum salt sedid swallow mc alive. Doug. Virgil, 40. 50. " simyn full raed," appearing very much afraid, BLENT, pret. Mcthocbt that thus all sodeynly a lycht, In at the wyndow comequharc at I lent. Of which the chambere wyndow schoue full brycht, And all my body so it hath ouerwent. That of my sicht the vertcw hale I blent. King\i Quair, iii. 1 . Here the prcf. is used in a signification directly opposite to that mcutioned above ; as denoting the loss of the power of sight; cither from A. S. blerit, the part, of A. S. bleml-ian, caecare, (Lye) ; used ill a neuter sense: or from A. S. blinn-un. Germ. blinn-en, cessare, v\ hence blind, deficiens. V. Wachter. BLENTER, s. A flat stroke ; Fife. This seems allied to Alem. blinun, to strike; bU. licnti, percutiens, striking ; Schilter. MoesG. bligg- tcan, id. To BLETHER, Blather, v.n. i. To speak indistinctly, to stammer, S. pron. like/air, 2. To prattle, S. The V. seems to have been originally neut,, the addition of the s. being rather tautological. Su.G. bladdr-a, Germ, plaudcr.n, to prattle, to chatter, to jabber; Teut.6totv.cw, stulte loqui ; Lat. blatcr-are, to babble, to clatter and make a noise ; also, to faultcr in speech. 1 B L I To Blether, Blather, Bladder, v, a. To talk nonsensically, S. jNIy Lordis, ivc liaif, ivish diligence Backlit wcilc up yon bladdraiul baird. Liimhay, S. P. Repr. ii. 132. But tho' it was made clean and braw, Sae sair it had been knoiled, It bldiherUl buff before them a', And aftentimes turn'd doited. Ramsaj/'s PoeniSy i. 70. At ither times, opinion traces , I\fy claims to win the Muses graces — Thus form'd for Bedlam or Parnassus, To blether nonsense. Rev. J. Nicol's Poems, i. 86. Br.ETiiERAND, pret. Blyth and b/elhcrand, in the face lyk anc angell — Fordun. Scotichron. ii. 376. V. the passage, vo. Ask. Blether, Blather, s. Nonsense, foolish talk, S. ; often used in pi. For an the}' winna had their blether j Tliey's get a Hewet. Hamilton, Ramxai/s Poems, ii. 336. I backward mus'd on wasted time, How I had spent my youthfu' prime, An' done nae-thing, But stringia blethers up in rhyme, For fools to sing. Burns, iii. 100. — I shall scribble down some blether Just clean afl'-loof. Ibid. p. 244. Blaidry, s. •Nonsense, foolish talk. Is there ought better than the stage To mend the follies of the age, If manag'd as it ought to be, Frae ilka vice and blaidry free ? Rautsay\.itf-a, cesso. quiesio, as a cognate term. To Blin, 11. a. To cause to cease. Other God will thai non have, Bot that lytii! round knave, Tlmir baillis for to blin. Sir Penny, Chron. S.P.i. 141. Blind Harie, Blind man's buff, S. Belly.blindy synon. Some were blylh, and some were sad. And some they play'd at Blind Ifarrie: But suddenly up-started the auld carle, I redd ye, good focks, tak' tent o' me. Humble Begg(u; Herd's Collection, ii. 29. With respect to the term Harie, nothing certain can be said. I can scarcely think that it is the com. mon name Harry or Henry ; as this is not familiar in S. It more probably refers to the disguise used by the person from whom the game is denominated, as it was celebrated in former times. It has been observed, vo. Belly.blind, that in tlu- Julbock, from which this sport seems to have originated, the prin- cipal actor was disguised in the skin of a buck or goat. The name Blind Harie might therefore arise from his rough attire ; as he was called blind, in con- sequence of being blindfoliled. It might be supposed that there were some ana. logy between this designation and Belly. Blind. As it has been ol)served that Bil/y Blynd in E. denotes "a familiar spirit." Auld Harie is one of the names given by the vulgar in S. to the devil. Or it may signify, Blind Master, or Lord, in ironical language. V. Hr.uiE. In addition to what has formerly been said, it may be observed, that this sport in Isl. is designed kraekis blinda ; either from kraekc, hamo ligo, because he who is blindfolded tries to catch others, alios fu- eientes inscqnltur, et in certo spatio capture paraf, G. Andr. ; or from Su.G. kraeka,-to cri-ep, because he as it were creeps about in the dark. We may ob- serve, by the way, that this Su.G. r. seems to give us the true origin of E. cricket, an insect that chirps about chimneys. From kraeka is formed krack, a reptile, any thing that creeps. Vcrelius supposes that the Ostrogoths had intrOi duced this game into lUily ; where it is called giuoco 11 2 11 I. I ,UUna-:fa, or «ho jilav of the blind. V.C'iiAiki- III % >n-M \N. BLIND MAN'S BALL, or Devil's snuff-box, Common puff-ball, S. " I,\io|>crn l?u\i~l.i. 'lite liliiid man's liutt. Scot, aii't." I.^liifooi, p. 1 1'i'i. ll ijal>o callitl lllinil mmi'.- ein, i.e. ryes, S. B. riio«f iiaiiii-^ may have had ihi-ir origin from an iJra, which, arcordiiii; U> Linn., privaiK Ihruiiiili I he whole of S«idin, thai ihf dint of this plant causes blimliie>'. V. Flor. Sine. BLYNDIT, /.r.-/. Blended. 'I'haf brrno raid on anc bonik, of alio bU- unhilc, Jtlj/ndit all »iih blight iiolil, and b' riallis l)ri:;li(. (Jauiiii mill did. iii. '.iO. BLINDLINS, Bly.vdukgis, « porlis (ua Bi't;()iilh defence, and nielle as ihay iTi)elii, (iuhen Olj/iidiitt^h in ihe balail fev ilia) (iciil. Doug. / 'irgU, 50. J'.>. 'k All the earili. deprived of c\vs (o see, won- dered, i'limlliif^cs^ after the B'-asr." Bp. Forbes, Kubiilii.s, |i. IJ7. (lerm. Dan. blind/iiigs, id. V. Ling. BLINDS, s.pl. The Pogge, or Millei's Thumb, a ti^li, Cotlu! Cdtaphractusy Linn. It is tailed lilinds oa the W. coast of S. Glasgow, Statist. Ace, V. 536. IVrhaps it receives this nainr, because its eyes are verv small. V. Peiia. Zool. iii. 177, 178. lid. ls(. To BLINK, f. It. 1. To become a little sour; a term used with respect to milk or beer, S. Illiiikit milk is ihat which is a little tnrned in con. sripieiico of the heat of the weaiher. Beer is said to hv Oliiikil, when somewhat loured by beiii:; impro- perly expositl to heat, or allected by lightning. Illir:r, synoii. This word occurs in an additional stanza to Chr. Kirk, printed in Bp. (Jibson's edit. Ihe bridecrom brought a pint of ale, And bade the i iper drink it ; — The bride her maidens stoi'd near by And said it was na blinked. '• I caniia tell vou fat — was the matter wi'l 'the aU-], H«n the wort was blinkcl. or fat it was, bill \ on never saw sik pclii> in \our born da \s." Jour- nal from l^onduii, p. 3. Baillie i;ivei>, I'o blink biir, .x* a provincial phrase, " to keep it iiiibruached till it ijrows sharp.'' 2. To be Hiniit, to be half drunk, Fife. .\s this V. in its primary stiise corresponds to bluze, it admits of the same oblttjue application. Su.ti. bliiiiik-ii, Ciirui. bliiil^cn coruscan*. lo (.hine, to llasli, to liijhteii, the same wiili A. >. Olu: uii, with the ihsirlion of // : i|. struck with li^litning, vthieh, we know, has the etieel of inakiin; li.|uids siiiir ; or as denuliiii; that of oiiushine, ur of thi; hral of llu' weaiher. BLINNYN(J, /.i'V./'/. 15 L V — liaiheluris. ld)lh b/innj/ng in youth, And all my Uifaris leill, in\ hmeiiifj persewis. ■\Jui//(ind Fill III «, p. 63. This ought certainly to be b/iimiiig (blooming), as it is printed edit. 1508. BLYPE, s. A coat, a shred ; applied to the skin, which is said to come o?i inhlypcs, when it peeli in coats, or is rubbed od", in shreds ; S. He lakes. a swirlie. anld moss-oak, For some black grieat, Ang. as the adj. itself, b/yd, hlyid. 1 need not say, that this word haij its origin troni the buppiness occasioned by a safe delivery. BLYVARE. Vit induring the day to that dere dreiv S.cannis swoncliaml full s\»\itli, sweitest of sware; lu ijnhite rokallis arra\il, as 1 ryeht knew. That thai wcr B\sIioppis blist 1 was the blj/rare. Uuulatc, i. 1 1. i\lS. Can this be eyrr. for hlijlher ? For IMijee, as -Mr Jiilson ob^er»es, is sometimes thus used iustead of LUlhe. BLYWEST, adj. in tl>e superl. B L O n L () In till- niiddis of ^laii, at morne, as I went, Throw niirtli niarkit on mold, till a grone meid, The bleniis i/;/ric>/ of bli-o fro the sone blent, That all bi> chnit about the bordouris on brcid. Jloiilalc, i. 1. MS. "Bljthost, most merry," Gl. Perh^iis it rather refers to colour ; q. the palest. Tent. Isl. W/y signi. tics lead. It was so brigkt (hat the (lowers of darkest hue retlected the rays. To BLIZZEN, V. a. Drought is said to be bltzzening, when the wind parches and withers the fruits of the earth, S. B. It may be a frequentative from Su.G. blas-ci, Germ. blas-c/i, A. S. l/l(iei-fiii, to blow; or originally the same with Bloiscitt, q. v. BLOB, Blab, s. Any thing tumid or circular, S. 1. A small globe or bubble of any liquid. " Gif tliav be handillit, the>- melt away like aiie Hub of water." Bellend. De>'cr. Alb. c. 11. " A true christian knoweth, that though both hl< eyes should sinke downe into his head, or droppe out like btobbcs or dropjies of water, jet that «ilh tlie-.e tame eyes runnc into water, hee and none other for him shall see his Hedeeuier." '/.. Uoyd's Last I5at- tell, p. 36. Her eva the clearest hlob of dew outsliincs. Ilamsaj/'s Poems, ii. 94. " BLb, a bubble ;" Gl. Lancash. 2. A blister, or that rising of the skin which is the effect of a blister or of a stroke, S. — Brukis, bvlis, blobbis anil blislcris. Ruid^s Curs. (it. Coiiijil. i>. D.?!). 3. A large gooseberrj ; so called from its globu- lar form, or from the softness of its skin, S. 4. A blot, a spot; as •' a blab of ink," S. de- nominated perhaps from its circular form. This is radically the >ame word «illi li/r/'h, q. v. Skinner derives E. bleb from Germ, bla-ciu b/cli.r/i, to swell. BLonBn,fti!t. pa. Blotted, blurred. '• Fra thyue furth thair sail nane exeeptioun auale aganis the Kingis breuis, quhether (hat lliay be laug writtin or schorl, swa that thav liauUl (he forme of the breiue statute in the law of bel'oir, eongruit and not rasit [erased,] ua bluhbit iu suspect placis." Acts Ja. L l-l'iiew it might seem allied to Isl. bleck-ia, decipere, bleke, fallacia ; '■'■ bluagi, insidiae," said to be Teut. Gl. fer Teut. bluek.e/i, assiduum esse in studiis, in operc, in ergasfulo ; a sense e\ idently borrowed from a workman, who blocks out his work roughly, be- fore he begin to give it a proper form. Bloik, Blok, Block, s. 1. A scheme, a contri- vance; generally used in a bad sense. SaturnnS get Juno, That can of wraith and malice iieiier ho, — Uolling in m\nd full inony eankirrit bloik, Has send adoun vuto the Troiaiie nany Iris Dong, t'iigil, 14S. 4. Out of thy hand his bluid sail be requ> rit : Thow sail not chaip mischeif, doe quhat thow can, Nor thay, that in that blok w ith the conspyrit. JSIdilliind Poems, p. '234. 2. It seems to signify bargain, agreement. " Quhat-sum-ever person or persones, in time cum. ming, be onie block or bargaine, upon pledge or an- nual-rents alsweill of victual, as of mone^ , sail take or recei\e mair for the Icane. inlerest, prolile of yeirlic annuall of an hundreth jiundes moin-y, during the haill space of ane yeir, nor ten puiides money ; — all sik |)ersons, lakers or makers of sik blockes and con. dilioiios, for greater or inair prolite, — sail be haldeii repute, [lersewed and ]>nnishcd as ockerers and usu. rers." Acts Ja. ^ I. 1687. c. 52. Murray. Blocker, s. A term formerly used in S. to de- note a broker ; q. one who plans and accom- plishes a bargain. " In Scotland they rail them Brockcrs, Broggers, and liliirkers." Winsheu, vo. Broker. BI.OISENT, fm-t. pa. One is said to have a hhiscnt face, when it is red, swollen, or disfigur- ed, whether by intemperance, or by being ex- posed to the weather ; Ang. This, I am convinced, is radically the same with Yj. bloi£xe ; " sun-burnt, high-coloured ;" Johns. Tent, blosc, rubor, jjurpiirissum, redness, (he co- lour of ])Ur|)lc; blos-en, rubescere; blosendeuungh- en, rubentes gcnac, purpled cheeks ; blosaerd, ruber facie; q. red-faced. Perhaps the original idea is that of heat; Ti^n. blitss-er, to byru, bins, iu.G. blo^s, a torch. V. Br.izzKV. To BLOME, Blume, v. n. To shine, to gleam. The sone wes bryrht, and schynand cler, And armouris that bnrnysyt wer, Swa blomi/l with the sonuys heme, That all the land wes in a leme. Barbour. \\. 190. MS. — And he himself in broun sanguine wele dicht Abouc his vncouth armour blomritiil bricht. Doug. Virgil, 393. 2. This seeras also the sense of blumc, as it occurs iu Bana. MS. Than Espcrus, that is so bricht Till wofull hairtis, cast his lycht On bankis, and bliiiiies on everv brae. Clirun. S. P. iii. 19'». Su.G. blomm-a, to flourish; E. bloom. Here the word is used mctaph. to ex|iress the rellectiou of the rays of light from burnished armour : or perhaps from A.S. be, a common i)refix, a.aillcum-un to .ihine, Sibb. But it is Alcm. ; /-/wo^y, y)/«r/^/. id, 1 pre. .ib glcum hUom geleiim-ait^id r> T. u BI.i )NK, Bi.oL'K, r. A steed, a I.crse. Borv br.i.nu- wi^ Hic Olonk, biiroly and braid. ( ,.oni- till- mold .|i.harc tliai met, bt-forc the myd day, Witli liilly lanris aud lane, Anc fcirf foild ran Ihai faii«, On stodi> slalwarl and -traiig, liaitli blaiichart and bay. „ , .. ,„ Gmcan and Got. ii. 19. I liavo altered llu- |innctuation ; as that of the printed copy mars the sense, (here bein;,' a comma nfier the first lino, and a fnll point at the end of tiie second. Thayr "es na spnrris ers that which 1 sent you of Anninianisni. 1 got llianks for it, and was fashed many days in providing coj)ies of iltosundry." Baillic's Lett. i. 125. V. Br.UDDr.n, r. BLUTE, s. An action ; used in a bad sense. Afuilhlnte, a foolish action, S. B. perhaps the same with Blout, q. v. BOAKIE, s. A sprite, a hobgoblin, Aberd. Su.G. Isl. puke, diabolus, daemon ; O. I'J. pozikc, P. Ploughman, hellc-poickc, id. BOAL, Bole, s. l. A square aperture in the wall of a house, for holding small articles ; a small press generally without a door; S. This is most common in cottages. That done, he says, " Now, now, 'tis done, And in the boal beside the lum : Now set the board, good wife, gae ben, Bring frae yon boal a roas(ed hen." Rains(n/\\s lli-lcnorr, \i. 07. Titll. hnhh.rn. to prate, to talk iiHj- ; or Is!. hiibbr, nialiiiu, noxiie; ku>mtiiii i liohliri, os correp- turn, al hnhui, liaharc (l.i hark,) raniiin Tox est. (I. Amir. p. 3H. Sii.(J. bahr, serino incondilus. BOHBY, /. A prandfaihcr, S. B. Gl. Ross. Tho o«ldi'it likr and li<*le that eer was seen, ^\ »» by thr iiiilli.T and tin- grannies (aen : .^nd itii- iHa //.v".s JJilciKirr, p. IJ. BOBBYN, /. The seed-pod of birch, Loth. In .Ma\ (|ulii'n nu-n veiil cveritlione AVilti KoIh'Uc lldid and l.itlill Jolino, 'I'll bring in bow is and birkiu hubhi/iih. Sinlt, /Urc;?/ (■(•», ii. 1S7. MS. If II, h, A binuli, \w rlnhllyiifrived from Fr. biibc, jtl. thh nin>t be from biibmi, a i^rcat bunch. B()BBIN.S, i. The water-lily, S. B. Bobbins zrt properly the seed-vessels. V. Cambie-leaf. ROCK; Burel, Watson's Coll. ii. Jci. V. Boss. To BOCK, t'. «. To vomit. \'. BoK. BorK-Bi.ooD, /. A spitting, or throwing up of blood. — Itutk.blood and Honshaw, Si)cw en sprung in (!io Rpald. I'lilicdiVi Flj/liiiSi p. 13. V. Clkik«. A.S. bloit-hrnfi-ung^ a spitting of blood; also, kliiil.ipiun^^ hemoptysis, H* >D, s. A person of small size, a term general- ly ajjplied, somewhat contemptuously, to one who is dwarfish, altliough of full age, S. Perhaps it is eoiilr. from Inxlii «hicli is used in the .'ame sense. Suren. howcvi-r, di'rivfs the latter fron\ doth, boilili', rulonus rusticans, Kdd. If there' be »ny propriety in the derivation, our term has a closer ri'lanre. To BODE, V. a. To proffer, often as implying the idea of some degree of constraint. " He did iia merely offer, but lie bodetl it on me;" S. " Iloihn i;cer slinck ay,' S. Prov. " Eng. Prof- ferred servii-c stinks." •• I,ai. Mcr\ ultronea pvitct." Killy, p. 6i. .Mr David Kcr),nnon give* it thus; '■ linden gear stinks." I'rov. p. S. 1 1 i^ usi-d in another I'rov. "• He that lippens to bnitiit plows, his land v*ill lie ley." Ferguson's HroT. p. 13. Kelly givf, this ProT. in a very corrupt form. '' lie that trusts to b»ii ploughs, yNill hare his laiul lie/ — w ith anc heuy murmonr, a:? it war draw Furf-fi of the boddum of his breist full law , Allacc, allaco! Doug., yirgil, 48. 34. ". Hollow, vulley. Broun niuris k\ (hit thare wissinyt mossy hew, Bank, brav and boddum blanschit wox and bare. Ibid.10\.7. Alem. bodcm. Germ. I$elg. bodcn, solum, fundus. BODEN, part. pa. Proffered. V. Bode, v. BODEN, BoDiN, Boots, part. pa. i. Prepared, provided, furnished, in whatever way, S. it often denotes preparation for warfare ; respect- ing arms, vVc. and eijuivalent to anarmif, harnessit. "That ilk Burges hauaud fyftie pundis in gudis salbe hail! ajiarmit, as a gentiinian audit to be: and the yeman of lawer degrc, and Burgessis of sx. pund in gudis salbc bodhi with hat, doublet or habir. geoun, sword, and bucklar, bow, scheif, andknyfe." Acts Ja. 1. 1429. c. 137. Edit. 1566. c. 123. Murray. Anc hale legion n about the wallis large Studc waching budin with bow, spere, and targe. Doug. Urgil, 280. 53. Snm doubil dartis casting in handis burc, And for (kfeiice to kcpe thare hcdis sure Ane yellow hat ware of ane wolfis skyn, For thay wald be lycht bodin ay to ryn. Ibid. 232. 55. It also signifies, provided yvith money or goods. The Byschapys, and the grct Prelatis — lie bad thamc cum til his prcsens, Syti thai yvar better bodi/n to pay. IVijntozcii, vii. 9. 213. AVe have a similar phrase still in use. IVcil-hodcn, or iit.bodcii, well, or ill provided in whatever re- sjiect, S. A young woman is said to be wvil-bodiii the ben, to be well provided before marriage, when she has laid in a good stock of clothes, iS;c. whicJi are generally kept in the iiutcr apartment of the house. V. Be.v, TnAIK-HKN. 2. It seems to be used, in one instance, in an an oblique sense. ]iodi/i lu-yn/i/, fairly or equally matched ; as Bruce was, on the occasion referred to, pursued by moans of a bloodhound. I trow he suld be hard to sla, And he war bodjjn cwynly. On this wyss spak Seliyr Amery. Barbour, vii. 103. MSf. BOG ^^ lie's well boden there ben, that will neither bor- row nor leiiil." Kamsa) 's S. Prov. p. 32. >Vi-i'l, Palie, lad, 1 iJinna ken ; But first ye maun spear at ray daddic : For we are i:eel.bodcn there ben : And I winna say but I'm ready. Jamieson's Popular Bull. i. 310. His pan trie was never ill-boden. Ibid. p. 293. This word has been confounded with bozcdcn (which is merely a eorr. of buldin swelled,) and de- riTcd from Teut. boedel, boel, su])ellex, dos, faculla. tes ; Gl. Sibb. But it is unquestionably from Su.G. Ao, Isl. bo-u, to prepare, io proN ide : ic(tel bodd, well provided against the cold ; Hire. V. Boux. BODY, s. Strength, bodily ability. He set for to purches sum slycht, How he niyclit help him, throw bodj/ Mellyt with hey chcwalry. Harbour, x. 516. MS. A. S. bodig not only signifies the body in general, but stature. BODLE, BoDDLE, s. A copper coin, of the value of two pennies Scots, or the third part of an English penny. " So far as I know, the copper coins of two pen. nies, commonly C'Mcil lico pemij/ pieces, boddles or turners, — began to be coined after the Restoration, in the beginning of Charles II. 's reign ; thojie coined under William and Mary are yet current, and our countrymen complain, that since the union 1707, the coinage of these was altogether laid aside, whereby these old ones being almost consumed, there is no smallstagnationinthecommerceof things of low price, and hinderance to the relieving the necessities of the poor." Rudd. Introd. Anderson's Diplom. )). 138. These pieces are said to have been denominated from a mint-master of the name of liothzccll ; as others were called Atehesons for a similar reason. BODWORD, BoDWART, Bodworde, s. A message, S. B. He spake with him, syne fast agayne can press M ith glad boduord, fhar myrthis till amend. He told to thaim the first tythingis was less. Wallace, ii. 343. MS. Less, lies. With syc gyflis Eneas messingeris — Of peace and concord bodxcord brocht agane. Doug. Virgil, 215. 47. A. S. bodu, a messenger, and zcord. Bodu seems immediately from bod., a command. Su.G. Isl. Jodicorrf is edictum, mandatunt; and biulkajle, bacu- lus nuntiatorius, " a stick formerly sent from Tillage to village as a token for the inhabitants to assemble at a certain place." Bodzsait occurs in K. Hart, most probably by an error of some copyist for bodwart. BOETINGS, BuiTiNGs, s. pi. Half-boots, or leathern spatterdashes. Thou brings the Carrik clay to Edinburgh cross, Upon thy boetings hobbland hard as horn. Dunbar, Evergreen, ii. p. 58. also 59. st. 22. Teut. boten schoen, calceus rusticus e crudo corio ; Kilian. Arm. botes, pi. boutoti. BOGGARDE, s. A bugbear. BOG " Is heauen or hell bnt talcs? No, no: it shall bee the tcrriblest sight tliat oner thou sawc. It U not as men saye, to wit, Hell is but a boggarde to scarre children onelic." Rollocke on the Passion, p. 132. A. Bor. " boggart, a spectre. To take boggart; said of a horse that starts at any object in the hedge or road. North." Gl. Grose. Junius refers to Chaucer, as using buggi/s for bug-. bears. The humour of melancholyc Causith many a man in slepe to crye For fore of beris ore of bolis blake. Or ellis that blacke buggi/s wol him take. Urrjj's Chaucer, Nonne's Priests T. v. 1051. The term is deuils, Speght's edit. 1602 ; devils, Tyrwhitt. L'rry, after Junius, renders it bugbears. But the sense recjuires it to be expl. devils or hob. goblins. The term, however, is used to denote a bugbear by Z. Boyd. '• Inwardlic in his soulc hce jested at hell, not caring for heauen. God's boastc seemed to him but buggcs, thinges made to fcare children." Last Bat. tell, p. 1201. C. B. bzcg. larva, terriculamentum, lias been view- ed as the origin. BOGILL, Bogle, s. i. A spectre, a hopgob- lin, S. A. Bor. For inc lyst wyth no man nor biikis flyitc, Nor wyth na bogill nor browny to debaitc, Nowthir auld gaistis, nor sjiretis dcde of lai(. Doug. I'irgil, 8. 2. All is bot gaistis, and eirische fantasyis. Of brownyis and of bogillis full this buke. Ibid. 158. 26. Ghaist nor bogle shalt thou fear; Thou'rt to love and heaven sae dear, Nocht of ill may come thee near, My bonie dearie. Burns, iv. 161. 2. A scarcecrow, a bugbear, S. synon. doo/ie, cow i being used in both senses. Rudd. views this word as transposed from Fr. gobcline. Others have derived it from Teut. bokene, or Dan. spoegil, spectrum. Lye, with far greater probability, traces it to C. B. bugul, fear, bKgicli/, to frighten. Johns, explaining boggle, v. refers to Belg. bogil. But where is this word to be found ? Bogill about the stacks^ or simply, Bogle, a play of children or young people, in which one hunts several others around the stacks of corn in a barn-yard, S. At e'en at the gloniing nae swankics are roaming, 'Mong stacks w ith the lasses at bogle to play ; But ilk ane sits dreary, lamenting her deary, The flowers of the forest that are wede away. Ritson's S. Songi, ii. 3. It seems the same game with that called Barley- bracks, q. T. The name has probably oritjinatcd from the idea of the huntsman employed being a scare-crow to the rest. BociLL-BO, X. J. A hopgoblin or spectre, S. S U () I ——Has some f>nglc.br>, Gluwiin frac 'maiifi aulil waws, ^i'lii yo a Mi-c:? Ramuiy^s I'uciik, ii. •}. •' Boh, Mr Warton tills »•., was oiio of (he most fiircc aiul foriiiitlablf of tlic (Jotliif (;ciural>, ami llic son of Odin ; tin- nioiilion of wliosr naiiif only was siilTiricnt lo spn-ad an iimii.nUTale panic among his »minii»." UramIS l'.i|iMlar Aiiliij. p. 324. N. 1 know not if this be the sanio p(isona;,'C whom Undbiik. calls llii^u''-, a Scythian Uadcr, who, he fays, wai the "ianif with the Jhicchm of the Giecks and llomaii*. Allautica, ii. MO. J. A pettish liumour. Yc sail have ay, quhill ye rry ho, Uii killis of gould and jcwollis to ; Quhat rock to tak the l/ogiU-ho, My bonie bnrd for anis ? Philotus,S.P. R.Wi. 15. In Lincoln^h., as Skinnt-r informs us, thir, word is toniinonly used for a scarecrow. " Takini; the bogil.bo," seems to be a phrase borrowed from a liorse, which, when scared by wiy object, refuses to fo moTe forward, and becomes ((iiitc cross. To BOGG-bCLENT, v. n. Apparently, to a. void action, to abscond in the day of battle. Sonic did dry quarterings enforce, Sonic lud^'d in pockets foot and horse : Yet still tdgg-xlfiitfil, when (hey yoaked, For all the garrison w their pockit. ColiWs Mbli(|uely from the hijfhway, iiito a bog, to avoid being taken jirisoner; a term probably formed by the persecutors of the Presbyterians during the tyran- nical reii;n of Charles 11. B(KJSTALKER, s. An idle, wandering, and stupid fellow ; one who seems to have little to do, and no understanding, S. William's a wise judicious latl", Has havins mair than e'er yc had', llUbred bog. stalker. Kam.ynj/'s- Poems, ii. 338. The term mi(;ht probably have its origin in trouble- Kime times, when outlaws, or others who were in danger of their lires, were seen at a distance hunting in marshy placis, where pursuit was more dillicult ; or perhaps from their pursuing game. Y. St.vlkeh. BUID. All Borcxs' bittii- blastis ar nocht blawin ^ I feir sum boid, and bobbis be behind. Mail land Poems, p. 161. If there be no mistake 1h re, it may he viewed as allied to Lsl. bode, a term used to denote a wave agi- t.ited by the wind ; unda maris cum ^adosis scopulis luclmns, et e\ profuudis ad Iitlor.»detrusa; hodafoelt, ai'stuantb maris lluctus tehementiores. G. Andr. liodin Jiell i Lign ; Acstus furens in malacram ccssit; \'ouk, Tacuari ; ppa, bakak, Tacuavit. BoK, Bock, ^. The act of reaching, S. A u\an of narrow conscience A while agoe went o'er to France. It's well known what was the occasion, lie could not take the Declaiation. When he return'd he got it ov'r Without a host, a bock, or glour. ClelaniTs Poems, p. 104, 105. BOKEIK, i. Bopeep, a game. Tliay ])lay bokeik, even as I war a skar. Linihai), Pink. S. P. R. ii. 148. The word, as now used, is inverted, Kcik-bo, q. v. BOKS, s. pi. My boks are spruning he and bauld. Maitland Poeiiif, p. 112. Here Dunbar personates a horse, in his Lament to the King. Now, there are two tusks in tlic horse's mouth, commonly called boots, butes ; which, when he becomes old, grow so long that he cannot eat hard meat, or feed on short grass. These may be meant here ; boots, biifes, may be a corr. of boks, buks, which is rendered " corner teeth," Gl. Sibb. These in farriery arc called wolves-teeth. To BOLDIN, BoLDYN, -v. «. To swell. The wyndis welteris the se continually : The huge wallis boldjjiinj/s apoun loft. Dong. Firgil, 74. 8. Sum bolditt at othir in maist cruel feid, With lance and daggar rynnis to the dcid. Bcllend. Cron. Exctis. of the Prcntar. Part, bo/din, bou/de/i, swelled. '^ This V, atter wes buldin at thair cumyng be sic violent schouris, that it mycht not be riddyn." Bellend. Cron. B. x. c. 16. For joy the birdis, with houlden throats, Agains his village shein. Takes up their kindlie rousike nots In woods and gardens grein. ' Hume, Chron. S. P. iii. 386. This is also softened into bozcdin, bozcden, S. The town Soutar in grief was botcdin. Chr. Kirk, st. 18. In the Maitl. MS. it is brief, instead of grief. " And will and willsom was she, and her breast With wae was bosden, and just like to birst. Ross's Ilelenore, p. 61. — With this the bowden clouds they brak, And pour as out of buckets'ou their back. Ibid. p. 73. Often in the pret. and part, it is written bolnys, swells, (Doug. W .) a.nA. boltiyt. I hesitate whether these arc contr. from boldinny<, boldin»i/t, or the v. in another form, more nearly resembling Su.G. bul/u (I, Dan. bttl-ncr. V. Bolning. In this sense hol/iefh occurs in O. E. ■ — 1 lyiie loueles, lyke a lyther dogge. That all my body bolneth, for bytter of ray gall. — May no suger ue no suete thing swage the swelling. P. Ploughman, Fol. 22. a. It is strange that Rudd. should consider Fr. bouill- t'r, to boil, as the origin. It is evidently from the same fountain with Su.G. bul-iia, bulg.ia,iii. bole;inn, swollen. Hence Isl. bilgia, Su.G. bolgia, a billow ; because it is raised by the wind ; and bolda, a boil, a tumor. This v. seems to have been generally dif- fused. Hence Gaol, builg-am to s^vell, builg, a blister, a vesicle ; also, seeds of herbs. Boisnd, and bamnd, mentioned by Ray, as having the same sense, in some parts of E., are probably abbreviations of this word. BOLGAN LEAVES, Nipplewort, an herb, S. B. Lapsana communis, Linn. ; perhaps from Isl. bolg-a, tumere, as being supposed efficacious in removing sw-ellings, S. BOLYN. Gif changes the wynd, on force ye men Bol^n, huke, haik, and scheld hald on. Schazc, Maitland Poems, p. 133. As in this poem the state is likened to a ship, these are evidently sea terms. Bolyn "seems equivalent," Mr Pinkerton says, " to/'o.^.y; 60//V7, ftuctus." Itcan. not, however, admit of this sense; as the writer does not here mention the proper eft'ects of a change of wind, but what in this case the mariners ought to do. In this active sense he explains haik, to an- chor. Bolijn is undoubtedly from O. Fr. bolin.er, to sail by a wind, or close upon a wind ; to lay tack aboard, Cotgr. lluke may signify to tack, from Tout, huck.en, incurvari ; as haik is most probably, to cast anchor, Su.G. /(«A-, unco prehendere ; Teut. haeck.en unco ligerc. Scheld may be equivalent to Belg. scheel, obliquus ; and the phrase may denote that an oblique course must be held ; unless it be for schatd, as denoting the necessity of keeping where the sea is rather shallow, that the anchor may hold. BOLL. Lintseed Boll. V. Bow. BOLLMAN, .f. A cottager, Orkn. " Certain portions of land have been giren to many of them by their masters, from which they have reaped crops of victual, which they have sold for se- veral years past, after defraying the cx|)ence of labour, at such sums, as, with other wages and per- quisites, received by them annually from their masters, hath arisen to, and in some instances exceeded the amount of what a cottager or bollinan, and his wife can earn, annually for the support of themselves and family of young children." P. Stronsay, Statist. Ace. XV. 415, 416. N. Perhaps from Su.G. Isl. bol, villa, and man, q. the inhabitant of a village. It might originally denote a tenant or farmer. It is always pronounced bou:man. BOLME, 5. A boom, a waterman's pole. The marinaris stert on fute with ane schout, Cryand, Bide, how ! an^ with lang bolmes of tre, Pykit « ith irn, and scharp roddis, he and he, Inforsis oft to schowin the schip to saif. Doug. Virgil, 134. 30. Germ, bauniy Belg. boom, a tree. S2 H () X BOLuMT. V. Boi niK. BOLN Y NG, s. Swelling. j4lrc/n is the buliii/tig of the liort ; Vi-grra is tho nikkit word outwcrt ; Thesiplwiir is opcraciiiuii That makis tinal t-xfcucion Of ditlly syn. llcnnroiie's Orpheus, Moratitas. V. Rolpix. BOLSTLR, /. That part of a miln in which the axlotrec moves, b. BOM HILL, s. Bulling noise ; metaph. used for boaMJng. For all your bombill y'cr warJc a little wc. Poluarl's Fli)ting, Watson's Coll. iii. 5. Tent, bunniulc, a droiic. BON. — Old Saturn his cloudy courss had gon, The quhilk had brvn bath best and byrdis bon. Wallace, i.x. 7. MS. Bifrdh U misprinted burdis, Perth edit. Bon can- not well be uudcrstood in any other sense than tliat of taiic, mischief. "The influence of Saturn had proved the bane, both of boasts and of birds." It seem to be thus writU'U, merely inci. causa. For in none of the Northern languagcji docs this word ap. pi-ar « i)h an o. B<.)N.\L.\LS, BoNAILIE, BONNAILLIK, J-. A drink i.ikcn with a friend, when one is about to part with him; as expressive of one's wishing him a prosperous journey, S. With th.it tliai war a nudly cumpany, Olf waillit men had wrorlit full hardely ; Uonidai.y drunk rychl s'^'"y '" '^ "lorow ; S>n leill thai tuk, and with Sanct Jhon to borow. Hiilldce, ix. 45. MS. " .\I*ii she declared, that when his own sou sailed in LXtvid U hyt» ship, and jraTe not his father his honuaillie, the said William said, What ? Is he sailed, and jjiven me nuthini; ? The devil be with him : — if ever he come home aj^ain, 1k^ shall come home naked and bare: and so it fell out." Trial for Witchcraft, Statist. Ace. wiii. 557. It is now ijcnerally pron. bonaillie, S. Bonalais Tnijhf serm to be the plnr. But perhaps it merely retains the form of Fr. Ben ullcx. BONE, /. A petition, a prayer. .\nd lukand vpwart towart the clere monc, With afald voce thus wise he made his bone. Doug. 1'irgil, 290. 43. The word is used in the same sense in O. B. lie bade hem all a bone. Chaucer, v. 9192. He made a request to them all, Tyrwhitt. Isl. ham, precatio, oralio ; botm pclitio, Ufratis acreptio, inriidiratiii, (', . Andr. A. S. ben, bene, id. BONF.TT, '. " .\ small sail, fixed to the bottom or sides of the great sails, to accelerate the ship's way in aiiin weather." Gl. Conipl. litis hie the croee (he bad) al mak tliaim bouu, Ance the Fr. word has been derived, is traced to Sw. bonad, amiclus, clothed or covered {hufzcud-bonad, tegmen capitis), it is not improbable that bonnettc, asappli- oA Ghosts, hobgoblins. Aberd. " By this time it wis growing mark, and about the time o' night that the boodias begin to gang." Jour- nal from Loudon, p. 6. It might be deduced from A. S. boda, Su.G. bod, bud, Belg. boodc, a messenger, from bod-ian, to- de- clare, to denounce ; spectris being considered as messengers from the dead to the living ; and A. S. boda, and V.. bode., being used to denote an omen. But it seems to be rather originally the sa.rae with C. B. bugudhai, hobgoblins; Lhuyd. ft confirms' the latter etymon, that Ga.e\. Bodack is used in the same sense. It seems properly to de- note a sort of family spectre. " Every great family had in formertimes its Dae~ ff!o«, or Genius, with its peculiar attributes. Thus the family of Rotkemurehu.'! had the Bodach an dun, or ghost of the hill. Kinchardine'i, the spectre of the bloody hand. Gartinlcg house was haunted by Bodach Gurtin ; and Tulloch Gorms by Maug Moulach, or the girl with the hairy left hand." Pennant's Tour in S. in 1769. p. ISO, 157. BOOL, s. A contemptuous term for a man,. especially if advanced in years. It is often conjoined with an epithet; as "an auld boo/," an old fellow, S. This word seems properly to signify the trunk ; as the bool of a pipe is the gross part of it which holds- the tobacco. It is perhaps from Su.G. bol, the trunk of the body, as distinguished from the head and feet. It may have come into use, to denote the- person, in the same manner as- bodiy. Callender, in his MS. notes on Ihre, vo. Bola,, truncus, mentions the bole of a tree as- a synon., andi apparently as a S. phrase.. BOO " BoU of a tree, the t.(fm, trunk, or body. North." Gl. (Irosf. M. bol-ur, howcTtT, is sou.ctimcs used to deuolc «hf b. II) : *tnur, uterus ; G. Aiidr. BCK)LS 0/ a /.o/, /. />/. Two crooked instru- mcntsof iron, linked together, used for bfting a pot bv the eari, S. ; also called dips. Trut 6o thing that is circu- lar or c«jrv.-d. Thus a stirrup is d.nouunated. steig- bugfi, because it is a ciicuttu- piece of iron, by means of which one mouiiis a boTse. BooL-HoRKED, Mif. Pcrvcrse, obstinate, inflexi- ble, S. This «,.rd, it wouW appear, is from the same on- jin with liu.ils, as containing a metaph. allusion to a beast that has distorted horns. What rontinns this etymon is, that it is pro- nounced hootit. horned. Border, and W. of S. A. Uor. buckl'-.honis, " short crooked horns turned horizontally inwards;" Gl. Grose, q. boghcl horns. BOON MOST, aiij. Uppermost, S. pron. bu/ie- mist. The man that ranipinj; was and rarin!; mad — The aue he « anted thinks that she had been. Th" uni hancy coat, that boonmost on her lay. Made him belii-ve, that it was really sae. Ross's Ilclenore, p. 60. A. S. biifaii, biifoHy above, and most. BOOT, But, Boud, Bit, Bud, Boost, v. imp. Behoved, was under a necessity of, S. ; He boot to do such a thing ; he could not avoid it. It bit to mt ; It was necessary that this should take place. Tell .lenny Cock, gin she jeer any mair, Ye ken, where Dirk eurfultl'd a' her hair, Took alT her snood ; and s) ne w lien she yeed hamc, liuul say she tint it, u»r durst tell for shame. lioss\s Hele/wre, p. 18. And he a hun'er (piestions at him spiers ; To some o' whii h he meant but sma' reply, lint boot to tji'e a tchcrrfur for a uhij. Nor durst ae word he spak be out o' joint, But a' he said boot just be to the point. ShirrcjV Pucms, p. 34. Boott is used in the West of S. I fear, that wi' the geese, I shortly buu^l to pasture 1' the craft some day. Burns, iii. 95. They both did cry to him above To iavc their souls, for they bond die. Miii-lnhfi Border, ill. IJO. But and bud occur io the same sense in Vwainc and (iawm. Then sal ye say, nedes hii\ me take A lorde to do that )e forsake; N«lei bus yow have sum nobil kiivttht That wil and may defend }our richt. E. M. Horn, i. 46. And when he saw biin bud be dcd ; B O II Than bo konth no better rede, Bot did him lialy in Ihair grace. Ibid. p. 127. «' Bus, behoves; — bud, behoved," Gl. Vox might thai iios;ht He, bot thaire bud thaim Ijiifi;. Minors Poems, p. 20. Chaucer seems to use bode in the same sense. What should I more to you deuise? Ne bode 1 ncucr thence ?o, Whiles that f saw hem rtaunce so. Rom. Ruse, Fol. 113. b. col. 1. It may be derived from the A.S. v. subst. Bytk is used in the imperat. ; bi/th he, let him be : also, in the potential and optative, as well as beoth. Bi/lh, beoth he, sit, utinam sit, Lye. But most pro- bably it is a corr. of behoved, Belg. behoeft. BOOST, s. A box. V. BxjisT. BOR, BoiR, Bore, s. 1. A small hole or ere- vice ; a place used for shelter, especially bj smaller animals, S. A Sonne bem ful bright Schon opon the quene At a bore. Sir Tristrem, p. 152. Schutc was the door : in at a boir I blent. Ptdice of Honour, iii. 69. Grct wild beists of lim and lith, Imployd with pissance, strength and pith, For feir thamc sellis absentit : And into hols and hor.t thame hyd, The storme for till eschew. Buret's Pilg. fVatso/i's Coll. ii. 23. 24. The phrase, holes and bores, is still used in the same sense ; and, as in the passage last quoted, with greater latitude than the allusion originally ad- mitted. S. 2. An opening in the clouds, when the sky is thick and gloomy, or during rain, is called a blue bore, S. It is sometimes used metaph. " This style pleased us well. It was the first ^/«e bore that did appear in our cloudy sky." Baillie's Lett. i. 171. Although the word is not restricted in sense, like E. bore, it certainly has the same origin, as pro- perly signifying a small hole that has been perforated. Su.G. Germ, bor, tcrcbru; Isl. bora, foramen ; A. S. bor- tan, to pierce. BORCH, Borgh, Bowrch, Borow, s. A surety. The term properly denotes a person who be- comes bail for another, for whatever purpose. Thar leyfl' thai tuk, with conforde into playu, Sanct J hone to torch thai suld meyt bailie agayn. IVullwe, iii. 337. 3IS. He him bctiik on to the haly Gaist, Say net Jhonc to borch thai suld meite haill and sound. Ibid. v. 63. MS. i. e. He committed himself to the Holy Spirit, calling on St .Tohn as their pledge. V. ibid. v. 452. The ^^ay we luke the lymc I tald to forowe, \\ ith mony fare weic, and Sanct .lohne to borotce Of falowe and frende, and thus with one assent, We pullit u|) saile and furth our wayis went. King's Quair, ii. 4. B O R B O R " Saint John be your protector, or cautioner. Boro:ce signifies a pledge. — It appears to have been an ordinary benediction."' T)(l<-r, N. It is evident, indeed, from tliose passages, as well as from Wallace, i.\. 43, that it was customary in those times, when friends were parting, to invoke some saint as their surety that they should after, wards have a happy meeting. V. Box.iLVis. This language seems evidently borrowed from our old laws, according to which, " gif ony man bccumniis ane furth-cumuiand burgh for anc vlher, to make him furth-cumniand as ane h(ti/l man, it is sufficient, gif he produce hiiu personallie, haill and soitmle hi:. fore the judge, in lauchful time and place." Skene, Verb. Sign. vo. Bought 2. A pledge ; any thiag laid in pawn. The King thoucht he wes traist incwch,. Sen he in bozcrch hys landis drewch : And let hym with the Ictlit passe, Till entyr it, as for spokiu was. Bmbour, i. 628. MS. The term occurs in both senses in O. E. Boroio is used by Laiii;land in the first sense. — He that biddeth horroweth, & bringeth himself in det. For bcggers borowcn eucr, and their boroi: is God almighty, To yeld hem that geueth hem, & yet nsurie more. P. Floi/ghiiian, Fol. 37, b. i. e. to repay with interest those who give. I'et seems to signify get, abtaiii . But if he Hue in- the life, that longetb to do wel, Foi 1 dare be his bold burczc, that do bet wil he ncuer, Though dobest draw on him day after other. ' Ibid. FoU 47, b. Borgh occurs in Sir Penny. All ye need is soon sped. Both wilhouten burgh or wed^ Where Penny goes between. Spec. E. P. i. 26S. Mr Ellis, howcTcr, mistakes the sense, rendering- it, borroziiiag ;. whereas 6o;-»A means pledge or pawn, as explained by the synon. xced. PI. borrozcis'.—'-- Quhair a borgh is foundin in a court vpon a weir of law, that the partie defendar, as to that 6or«^/), sail hauefredome to be auisit, and ask leif thairto, and sail banc leif, and quhether he will be auisit within Court, findand borrozsi.i of his cntrie, and his answer within the houre of cause. Acts Ja. i. 1429. c. 130. Edit. 1366. c. 115. Mur- ray. Hence the phrase Lazoborrozcs, q. v. A. S. borg, borh, tide-jussor ; also, foenus ; Germ. burge, a pledge. Su.G. borgen, suretyship ; Isl. uabyrgd, a pledge, according to G. Andr. p. 4, from wt debet, and Z»org-o praestare, solvere. Hence, at aabj/rg-iast, praestare, in periculo esse de re prae- standa aut conservanda, veluti — lidejussores ; and «»- byrgdar madr, a surety. Ihre derives Su.G. and Isl. borg-a, to, become surety, from berg-a, a pe- riculo tueri, to protect from danger. The idea is- certainly most natural. For what is suretyship, but warranting the safetij of any person or thing ? A. S. beorg.an, defendere ; part. pa. ge.borg-eriy tutus. The deflnidon given of aabjjrgd, by Olaus, exactly corresponds. Tutelae comnicndatio, ubi quid alteri commissum est, ut is solvat pretium si res pcrierit ; Lex. Run. This word, he says, often occurs in the Code of Laws ; by m hich he seems to refer to those of Iceland. V. Bounow. To BoRCH, V. a. To give a pledge or security for, to bail. On to the Justice hira selff loud can caw ; " Lat ws to borch our men fra your fals law, At leyfland ar, that cha])yt fra your ayr." Wallace^ vii. 434. MS. To Borrow, Borw, v. a. 1. To give security for ; applied to property. Thare borz::j/d that Erie than his land, That lay in-to the Kyngis hr.nd, Fra that the Byschapc of Catencs, As yhe before herd, peryst wcs. fVijii(oz:n, vii. 9. 315, 2. To become surety for i applied to a person. " Gif any man boryozi'cs another man to answere to the soyte of any partie, eilhei; he borrozces him,, as haill forthcuinmand borgh, and then he is haldcn, bot allanarlie to appearc his person, to the soytc of the follower, and quhen he lies entred him in plaino conrt to" judgement; then aught he that him bor- rozccd there to appeare, and be discharged as law will." Baron Courts, c.''3S. V. also, c. 69. Su.G. borg-a, id. As far as we can observe, A. S. hurg-iun occurs only in the sense of muluari, whence the E. v. to borruic, as ccHiimonly used. This, however, seems to be merely the secondary sense of the Su.G. v. as signif> ing to becotne surety. For it would appear that; anciently, among the Northern- nations, he who received any pro|)erty in loan, was bound to give a pledge or lind bail, that he would restore the loan to the proper owner, when demand- ed. Hence he was said to borrow it, because of the security he gave. Ihre indeed inverts this or- der, giving the modern sense as the primary one. But the other appears most natural, and derives- support fBom this circumstance, that suretyship is not rn fact the radical idea. We have seen, vo- BoRCU, that the Su.G. v, is from berg-a, to pro- tect. Now, suretyship is only one mode of protec- tion. This is also confirmed by the customs, which anciently prevailed in our own country, with re- spect to borrowing... " Quhen ane thing is lent and borrowed ; thart vses to be done, sometime be finding of pledges (barghs, cautioners) sometime be giving aud receaving of ane ti:ad: sometime, be band and obligation made- be faith & promois, some time- be writ, aud some time be securitieof sundrie witnes. — ^Some things are bor- rowed and lent, be giving and receaving of ane zcad. And that is done some time, be laying and giving in wad, cattcU or moveable gudes. And some time be immoveable gudes, as lands, tennemeuts, rents, con- sistand in money, or in other things."- Reg. Maj^. B. iii. c. 1. § 6. c. 2. § 1. 2. To Borrow one, to urge one to drink, Ang-.. This word is evidently the same with that already explained, as signifying to pledge, used in an ob- lique sense. For w-hen one pledges another in com- pany, he engages to drink after him : and, in. aa-- D O 11 rirnf (itnM it wai generally understood, thftthe wlio pl.Jai-d tiiother, was enga<;od to drink an icjual (|iiiniilv. HoRRowoANCE, s. A state of suretyship. •' Ihc pifdgis tompiirand in cour(5, lillicr (Ii<"y ronfcs thtir burrotcf;anpe (cautionarie) or they deny the same." Keg. Maj. iii. e. I . §8. Acrording lo Skinner, from A. S. horg, bvrli, a. surety, and paiiac, «hirh, u.scd as a term.natu.n, he Mvs, ,ii;nili.> state or condition. 1 can hml no evi- dence that the «ord is tiiiis u^ed in A. S. It occurs, howeuT, ill a similar sense in Sn.CI. Thus cdgaaug, ItiSgaaiig, are rendered by Ihre, actus jnrandi, ah-r- euaii'Ti all juramentnm irrilnm ; and giwgit atcr, raiissa cadere. V. Ihrc t. Guu ; which allhongh simply signifying to go, is also used in a juridical sense. Konotcgangc may thus be merely the act of going or cnlering as a surety. BORD, /. 1. A broad hem or welt, S. 2. Tlie edge or border of a woman's cap, S. Fr. iuid, Belg. buoriU a wcit, a hem, or selvage ; I^l. hard, buid, the extremity or margin. BORDEL, s. A brothel, Dunbar. Fr. horJet, id., Su.G. A. S. l>ord, a house. The dimin. of this, Ihre says, was L. B. bordcll.um, bordH.c, toguriolum, cujus generis quum olim mc- relricum stabula essent. Hence the Fr. word. BoRDELLAR, J. A haunter of brothels. " He had nanc sa familiar to hym, as fidlaris, Jw- detlaris, makerellis, and gestouris." Bellend. Cron. B. T. c. i. Caviones, Boeth. BORE, /. A crevice. V. Bor. BORE'S- (or BOAR'S) EARS, s. pi. The name given to the Auricula, S. B. Primiila auricula, Linn. A bear is called a boar, S., especially S. B. This resembles the pronunciation of the Scandinavian na- iTons, bioern. Hence hioern-oron, auricula ursi. BORE-TREE, s. Sambucus nigra. V. Bour. TRKE. BORE.\U, s. An executioner. V. BuRio. RORGH, s. A surety. V. Borch. BORN. Harry (he Minstrel, when speaking of Corspatrick's treachert- in going over to the English, makes this retli'clion : Is navne in warld, at sraithis ma do mar, Than weile trastyt in born familiar. Wallace, i. 112. MS. In edit. 1(548 it is. Then well (rusted a borne familiar. 1 am at a losi (o know whether this should be nndrrstood according to the sense giten in the edit, jnst now referred to. In this ca-se in must be an error in the MS. for anc. But horn may have some affinity to Isl. bnrgun, Sii.G. burgcn, suretyship ; or Isl. borgin, assistt-d, from brrg.a, A. S. bcorg-an, a perirulo liieri, servare ; q. one under contract or obligation; or to Su.(i. 6wr, a habitalioo, as living under the same roof. The idra that bmn has some other sense than the obvious one, might seem lo be supported from the iMuner in which it is written in MS. as if it Mere a r> o R contraction, borTi. This of itself, however, is no wise decisive ; because it is often written in the same manner elsewhere ; perhaps as a contr. of A. S. boren, natiis. BORROWING DAYS, the three last days of March, Old Stile, S. These days being generally stormy, our forefathers have ende.avourcd to account for this circumstance, by pretending that March 6()/-?-0K.'erfthrm from April, that he miglit extend his jiower so much longer. " There eftir 1 entrit in ane grene forrcst, to con. teinpil the tendir yong frutes of grcne treis, be cause the borial blasfis of the thrc horouing daift of Marclie bed chaissit the fragrant llureise of cuyrie frute trie far athourt the feildis." Compl. S. p. 58. " His account of himself is, that he was born on the borrowing dai/.i ; that is, on one of the three last days of Marcli 16S8, of the year that King Wil. liam came in, and that he was baptized in /ijVW/nfv, (i. e. secretly), by a Presbyterian minister the fol- lowing summer, as the Curates were then in the kirks." — P. Kirkmichael, Dnmfr. Statist. Ace. i. 67. Various simple rhymes have been handed down on this subject. The following are given in Gl. Coispl. Jlarch borroz:-!/ fra Averill Three days, and they were ill. March said to Aperill, I see three hogs uiiou a hill ; But lend your three first days to me, And i'll be bound to gar them die. The first, it sail be wind and weet ; The next, it saH bo snaw and sleet; The third, it sail be sic a freeze, Sail gar the birds stick to the trees. — But when the burroiced days were gane, The three silly hogs came hirplin hame. The first four lines are almost entirely the same, as this rhyme is repeated in Angus. Only after these, the hogs are made to defy the wrath of both these months, saying ; Had we our piggies biggit fow of fog. And set on the sunny side of the shaw, We would bide the three best blasts, That March or Averill couth blaw. Then it follows ; When thai three days war come and gane, The sillie twa hoggies came happin hame. For only two of the three survived the storm. Brand quotes the following observations on the 31st of March, from an ancient calendar of the church of Home. Rustica f.abula de natura Mensis. Nomina rustica 6 Dierum, qui sequentur In Aprili, ceu ultimi sint Martii. " The rustic Fable concerning the nature of the Month. " The rustic names of six days, which follow " In April, or may be the lust of March. Popular Aniiq, p. 373. lie views these observations as having a common origin with the vulgar idea in respect to the borro"- ed diijjs, as he designs thorn, according to the mode of expression used, as would seem, in the N. of Eng- BOS land. Alfliongh we generally speak of them as three, they may be mentioned as six, in the calendar, being counted as repaid. Those, who are nnieh addicted to superstition, Avill neither borrow nor lend on any of tliesc, daj s. If any one should propose to borrow from them, they n'ouid consider it as an evidence, that the person w ish. ed to employ the article borrowed, for the purposes of witchcraft, against the lenders. Some of the vulgar imagine, that these days receiv- ed their designation from the conduct of the Israelites in borrowing the property of the Egyptians. This extravagant idea must have originated, partly from the name, and partly from the circumstance of these days nearly corresponding to the time v\hen the Israelites left Egypt, which was on the l-4th day of the month Abib or Nisan, including part of our JMarch and April. 1 know not, whether our western wffg/ suppose that the inclemency of the boironhig dajj" has any relation to the storm which proved so fatal to the Egyptians. BOS, Boss, Bois, adj. 1. Hollow, S. Ane grundyn dart let he glyde. And persit the bois hill at the brade svde. Doug, f'irg'il, 15. 34. Thare targis bow thay of'fhe lieht saueh trc, And bos bucklcris couerit with corbul) e. Ibiil. '230. 23. '• A boss sound," that which is emitted by a body that is hollow, S. 2. Empty. A shell, without a kernel, is said to be boss. The word is also used to denote the state of the stomach when it is empty, or after long abstinence, S. Gin Ilawkie slion'd her milk but loss AVi' eating poison'd blades, or dross; Or shou'd her paunch for want grow boss, Or lake o' cheer, A witch, the guide-wife sa) s, right cross, Or deU's been here. JMurison's Poems, p. 38. 3. In the same sense, it is metaph. applied to the piind; as denoting a weak or ignorant person. One is said to be " nae boss man," who has a considerable share of understanding, S. B. He said, he gloom'd, and shook his thick boss head. Jl(im.s(/i/\i Poems, i. 285. 4. Poor, destitute of worldly substance, S. B. lie's a gueed lad, and that's the best of a'. And for the gear, his father well can draw : For he's nae boss, six score o' lambs this year; That's heark'ning gueed, the match is feer for feer. Ross's llclenore, p. 21. The origin is \mdonbtedly Tent, basse, umbo. This might seem allied to C. B. boe:, boss, elevatio. Boss, BocE, s. Any thing hollow. The Houlct had sick awful cryis Thay corrospondit in the skyis, As wind within a bote. Burel, lV(itson''s Coll. ii. 26. The boss of the side, the hollow between the ribs ami the haunch, S. BOSS, Boiss, s. 1. A small cask. ' ' lie [the Duke of Albany] desired of the Captaia B O T licence for to send for two bosses of wines, wiio gave him leave gladly, and provided the ios^ei himself : and then the Duke sent his familiar servant to the French ship, and prayed him to send two bosses full of Malvesy. — The bosses were of the quantity of tw o gallons the piece." Pitscottie, p. 83, 84. 2. It seems to denote a bottle, perhaps one of earthen ware ; such as is now vulgarly called a ^raj)-beard. Thair is ane pair of bossis, gude and fync, Thay hald ane galloun-full of Gaskan wyne. Dunbar, Maitland Pucms, p. 71. 3. In pi. bosses, boisses, a tenn of contempt, con- joined with (julJ, and applied to persons of a des- picable or worthless character. '• lleasonit — for the pairt of the CIrrgie, Hay, Dean of Uestalrig, and certane auld Bosses with him." Knox's Hist. p. 34. " The IJischope preichit to his Jackmen. and to some auld Boisses of the toun ; the soume of all his sermone was, The^ sai/ z:e sould prciche, quhjj not? Belter [(lit thryve, nor iievir thryve : Had us stHl for your Bischope, and zee sail prot't/de better the iiixt tyme." Ibid. p. 44. In the first of these passages, bosses is absurdly- rendered Bishops, Lond. edit. p. 37. In MS. 1. it is basis, in II. bosses. 1 know not whether the term, as thus used, has any alVniity to Belg. buys, auiicus, sodalis, from buys, drunken ; q. jiot-conipanioiis. It may indeed be merely what we would now call debauchees. De- bauched was formerly written deboisf, O. E. " He led a most dissolute .and deboisl life." Camus' Admir. Events, Loud. 1639. p. 126. — " The good man cxtreamly hating deboysenesse." — Ibid. p. 145. From Fr. boire, to drink, is formed boisson, drink. Its proper meaning may therefore be topers. Sw. buss is cxpl. "• a stout fellow." De aera goda bussar. They are old companions, they are liand and glove one with another ; Widcg. It must he acknowledged, however, that Lyndsay uses it, as if it literally signified a cask. Thocht some of yow be gude of conditioun, Redd^' to ressaue new recent S^yne : I speak to you auld Bossis of pcrditioun, Returnc ifi time, or ye rin to rewync. JVarkis, p. 74. 1592. Fr. busse is a cask for holding wines. Diet. Trev. Shall we suppose that this word was used metaph. to denote those who were supposed to deal pretty deeply in this article ; as we now speak of " a sea. soned cask ?" EOT, conj. But. This is often confounded with but, prep, signifying, without. They are, how- ever, as Mr Tooke has observed, originally distinct ; and are sometimes clearly distinguish- ed by old writers. Bot thy werke sail endure in laude and glorie But spot or fait condigne eterne memorie. Doug. Hrgil, Pref. 3. 52. 53. Bot laith me war, but vther oH'ences or cryme, Ane rural body suld intertrik my ryme. ibid. 11. 53. See many other examples, Divers. Purl. 193-200* T DOT Acfordinp fo Mr Tookf, hot i» tho impcrif. of A. S. boLaii, (o boot ; hut, of bcon.iiliiu to lic-out. '1 lii'rc Jj, howcrer. no such A. S. verb as tnl-ttii. Thf v. it bcl.an. Supposini; thai the particle properly de- Boti-s aHdition, it may In; from the part. pa. ge-bni. an, or from the t. but, bote, cmcnilatio, reparatio. If A.S. biitan, without, be originally from the v. heoH.ittan^ it uiu.st b« suppo-od that the same analo- KV h.vi boon prcicrriKl in Belg. For in this language buj/len hxs the same meaning. A. S. btitan, billon, are used precisely as S. but, without. "One of them shall not fall on the ground, bulan eoxn-iinjaidcr, without your Father ;" Matt. X. 29. " Have ye not read how tho priests in the temple profane the Sjbbath, and synt btilan leahftc, and are i:ithout bUme?" Matt. xii. 5. Kven where rendered besides, it has properly the same meaning. " They that had eaten were about five thousand men, bulan icijiim and cildum, besides women and chil- dren ;" Matt. xir. 21 . i. e. women and children being excepted, left out, or not included in the numeration. BOTAND, BuT-AND,/»v/i. Besides. Give owre your house, ye lady fair, Give owre your house to me, Or I sail brenn yoursel therein, Bot and youT babies three. Edom o' Gordon, Peni/'s Reliqucs, i. 88. 1 haye into the castle-law A mcir but and a fillic. JValson''s Coll. i. 59. Adieu, madame. my mother dear, But and my sisters three ! MinstrcUy Border, i. 222. BOTAND, rti^/w. 1. But if, except; in MS. two words. Bot quhar God hclpys quliat may withstand ? Bot and we say the sutlifastnes. Thai war sum tyme erar may then les. Barbour, i. 457. 2. Moreover, besides. Scho sail thairfor be calt Madame- Roland the laird maid Knycht. Grit, grit is thair grace, liowbcit tliair rents be slicht. Mailland Poems, p. 188. In the Utter sense, it is from A. S. butan, praeter. BOTC.\RD, s. A sort of artillerj used in S. in the reign of Ja. V. " The King part send to the Castle of Dunbar to Captain Moriie, Id borrow some artillery, — and re. reited the .>.aine, in manner as afler follows : Tiuit is /o*fli/, Two great canons thrown-mouthed, Mow and h'T .Marrow, wilh two great Uuteurd.i, and two .Mnyans, (wo Double Falcons, and Four Quarter Falcons, with Iheir powder and bullets, and gunners for to UbP them conform to the King's pleasure." I'ilsrottie, p. 14:*. V. Moyan. The same instrnmcnts seem to be afterwanls called bnltar.f. " Of artillery and canons, six great cul- Terin^'^, six ballars, six i ciircagc. Shame and sorrow on her snout, that sulTcrs thee to suck ; Or she that cares for thy cradil. cauld be her cast; Or brings any bedding for thy blae Iwicke ; Or louses of thy lingels sa lang as Ihcy may last. I'ohcarfs I'lijtiiig, IVuiyoii's Coll. iii. 15, Ablins o'er honest for his trade, lie racks his wits, TIow he Bia) not his buik weel clad, And till his gnls. F>-rgiissvii's Poems, ii. 45. 3. The body, as contradistinguished from the soul. '• 'I'hc litle sponkes of that joy, and the feelini; thereof, hane slk force in the chiidrtn of God, that till J cary their hcartes out of their l/uikcs is it were, B O U and lifiJl. Sign. X. '2. b. 4. Siic, stuture, S. l>i/U ; *' Bo7ikth, bulk, the largenes of a thing ;" Gl. Lancash. The blades, accordin to their bonk., lie partit into bunds. Rev. J. Nicol's Poems, ii. 3. 5. The greatest share, the principal part, S. lie cryes, What plots, O what mischief! And still a kirkman at the nuikc o't! Though old CoUiuhoun should bear the buick o't. Clcland's Poems, p. 78. Although not satisfied that this word, as used in the tw o last senses, is radically the same, I give it niider one head ; because it has been asserted that bulk, O. !•'., denoted the trunk of the body. Uudd. and others derive it from A. S. Ouce, Uau. bug, Tcut. bauch, the belly. Ihre, however, deduces Su.G. bolk, bulk, from b(il, grandis. Gael, bodhaic signifies the body. V. HoL KIT. To BOUK, V. n. To bulk, S. Hence, BoUKIT, BoWKIT, part. pa. Large, bulky ; S. In liir bozckit hys} nie, that liellis belth The huge lludis suppis tliris in ane swelth. Doug. Virgil, 82. 15. Boukit and mucklc-houkil are used in a peculiar sense ; as Uenoling the api)earancc which a preg- nant woman makes, after her shape begins to alter. In the same sense she is said to Uouk, S. Sw. buka tit, propendere ; bukig, obcsus, qui magnum abdo. men habct. This use of the term, especial])' as con- firmed b) tlic Northern idiom, affords a strong pre- Kiimption, that Su.G. &;^/l, venter, contains the ra. dical sense of the s. ,■ whence the word has been trans, ferred to the trunk, to the whole body, and at length used to denote size in general. Bitk, Germ, bauch, &.C. as denoting the bellv, have been generally traced to hug-cn, tlectere, arciiare, because of its form. EouKSUM, BouiCY, rt^^'. Of the same sense with Boukit, S. Fan laggert wi' this bouksome graith, i'ou will tync haaf your speed. Poems in the Buchaii Dialect, p. 12. BOUKE, s. A solitude. Under the bowes thei bode, thes barnes so boldc, To byker at tiies barayncs, in boukes so bare. Sir Gai:ati and Sir Gal. i. 4. A. S. buce, secessus, " a solitary and secret place," Somner. BOULDEN, part. pa. Swelled, inflated. V. BOLDIN. BOULE, « Round," Rudd. Ane port thare is, quham the est fludis has In mar.ere of ane bow maid boulc or bay, AVilh rochis set forgane the streme full stay. Doug. Firgil,'s6. 21. Uudd. views this as an adj., although it Is doubtful. Tent, hoi, indeed, is used iu a similar sense, fumidus, turgldus; Kilian. But as ba^ seems to retain its proper sense, bnule may be viewed as a s., siguifying a curvature ; allied to Dan. bocj/el, the bent or bend- ing, from boei/.er to bend, to bow ; Tcut. boghelf beughel, curvatura Ecmicircularis, from bogk.en &t. i B O U cuare. Bay is thus perfectly synon. Tent, haetje, A.S. ij/je, sinus, as Skinm-r justly observes, are from bi/g-i'i'i hiig-eii, liectere. Were there any cxaini'le oi baij bcin" used as a v., hotile might admit of this sense, as allied to Tent, boghd-cn, arcuare. BOULENA, " a sea cheer, signifying. Hale up the bowlings." Gl. Compl. <' Than ane of the marynalis began to hail and to cry, and al the marynalis ansuert of that samyu sound. — Bou/ciKi, boiilena." Compl. S. p. 62. Perhaps the sense is more directly given in the ex- planation of Fr. l>oiilin-cr, obliqiio vento navigare. Diet. 'I'rev. V. Boi.YX. BOULENE. s. " The semicircular part of the sail which is presented to the wind." Gl. Compl. " Than the master qiihislit and cry it, — Hail out the mane sail boulene.'" Compl. S. p. 62. This seems rather to have the same signification ■with E. boislinc, " a rope fastened to the middle part of the outside of a sail," .lohns. Sw. io^-./Z/irt, id. from bog, tlexus, — lermino nautico, quando |)e- denj faeiunt, aut lleelendo vela in varias partes traus- feriint navigantes : Ihrc. BOUN, BouNE, BowN, adj. Ready, prepared, S. To this thai all assentyt ar. And bad thair men all mak thaim yar For to be bonne, agayne that day. On the best wiss that euir thai may. liarboiir, xi. 71. MS. ■ The schippis ar grathand, io i)as thay make tham boune. Dong. I'irgil, 110. S. The squire — to find her shortly niaks him bincn. Rost.'s Helcnnre, p. 93. Sone is used in the same sense, O. E. Do dight & mak yow bone, the schip ere Sara . zins alle, Tille Acres thci tham rape, venom for our men Icde. E. Brnnne, p. 170. The redundant phrase redilj/ boun sometimes oc- curs. Go warn his folk, and haist thaim oft' the toun, To kcpe him self I sail be reihlij boiin. rVallace, vii. 258. MS. Rudd. views E. bound (I am bound for such a place) as originally the same. Here he is certainly right. But he derives it from A. S. abunden, expe- ditus, and this from bind-an, ligare. In Gl. Sibb. the following conjectures are thrown out : " q. bois- ing, bending ; or from Fr. bondir, to bound, to move quickly, or as perhaps allied to A. S.fnndun, adire." The origin, however, is Su.G. bo, bo-a, to pre- pare, to make read} ; Isl. bii-u, id. Boen or boin is the part. pa. liux aero uael boin ; the house was well prepared ; Ihre. It is from the same origin with Baden, q. v. The S. phrase, reddij boun, is very nearly allied to 'fw.G. redeboen, rightly prepared ; farboen, prepared for a journey. In Isl. albuinn is used. Ok em et thessa al.buinn, Unde ad hoc paratissimus sum ; Gunnlaug. S. p. 92. from al omnis, and buinn, paratus. It is evident that our ^o«« is merely the old Gothic participle j B O U A. S. «5M«rf(.'n, if rightly translated, expeditux, ap. ])ears as an insulated term, not allied to any other words in that language. There can be no reason to doubt that, from this ancient part., the v. following has been formed. To Bo UK, BoWN, -v. a. 1. To make ready, to prepare. AVytt yhe thai war a full glaid cumpanye. Towart Lowdoun thai bo:ciii/t thaim to ride; And in aschaw, a litill thar bcsydc. Thai lugyt thaim, for it was ner the nycht. Wallace, iii. 67. MS. 2. To go, to direct one's course to a certain place. Till his falowis he went with outyn baid. And to thaim tald oft' all this gret mysfair. To Laglane wood thai bozcni/t with outyn mar. iVaUace, vii.' 262. MS. But I may ever more con teen Into such state as I have been, It were good time to me to boun Of the gentricc that ye have done. Sir Egcir, t. 332. This book has been either so stupidly written at first, oris so corrupted, that it is scarcely intelli- gible. But the meaning seems to be, " Unless I could continue in the same state, it is time for me to go auay from such honour as you have done me." Doug, renders abrumpit, Virg., bounis ; most pro- bably u.-ing it for bounds, springs. And with that word als tyte furlh from the bra Ilk barge bozoiis, cuttand hir cabil in tua. f'irgil, 278. 27. A winde to wil him bare, To a slcde ther him was boun. Sir Triitrem, \i. 75. V. Wouke. BOUND, Bund, part. pa. Pregnant, Ful priuely vnknaw of ony wicht The woman mjdiit with the God went bound. Dong, i'irgil, 231. 41.. Neuer Hecuba of Cisseus I) nn-.tge, Quhitk bund with ch) Id dreinyt sche had furth bring Ane glede of fj're or halt brand liclit birnyng, Was deliuer of syc llambis, but fale. As thou sail bcre, and fyris conjugall. Ibid. 217. 22. Praegnans, Virg- I have observed no similar idiom in any of the cog- nate languages. A. S. ?«2d t7'/(/ 6coM signifies, to be ■with child. But this surely is not the part. pr. beotid,.. ens. It seems rather the part. pa. of bind-an ligare. To BOUNT, V. n. To spring, to bound. — To lie syne on hie syne. Out throw the cluddic air: As bounting, vp mounting, Abouc the fields so fair. BureVa I'ilg. fValion's Coll. ii. 40, Fr. hond-ir, id. BOUNTE', s. Worth, goodness. The King Pi,obcrt wyst he wes thair, — And assemblyt all his mengye ; He had feyle off full gret buunfe, Bot thair fajis war may then thai. Ba,bour,u. 22*. MS.. Fr. bonle, id. B O U BOrNTETH, BoLNTiTH, s. I. Semethlng L'ivcn as a reward for service or good offices. I loarc to Claud in Ilcrniistoun, For his houuttti: and ■ivari>oiin, Mv liiav 's S. I'rov. p. 75 ; '> that is, we will never be cor. dial or familiar together." Kelly, p. 356. It should be bouroch. -. A crowd, a ring, a circle, S. B. A rangel o' the common fouk In buurtiihs a' stood roun. Pocnit ill Ihr liurhan Dinlecf, p. 1. 1. A confused heap of any kind, S. B. Such a B O U quantity of body-clothes as is burdensome t« the wearer, is called a bourach of claisc ; Ang. " On the north side of the same hill, were, not long ago, the ruins of a small village, supposed to have been the residence of the Druids. — It consisted of 50 or GO mossy huts, from G to I'i feet square, irregu- larly huddled together ; hence it got the name of the liourachs." P. Deer, Aberd. Statist. Acc. xvi. 481, 4S2. 4. A cluster, as of trees, S. aiy trees in hourachs, ow r my ground Shall fend yc frae ilk bla-st o' wind. Fcrgu.sson''s Poems, ii. 32. A.S. bcorh, burg, an inclosuro, aheap; Su.G. borg. Ihre thinks that the origin of this and its cognates, is bcrg-a to keep, or bi/rg-ia to shut. This is originally the same w ith Brlgii, q. v. Burr.\ch'd, Bourach'x), part. pa. Inclosed, en- vironed, S. B. Near to some dwelling she began to draw, That was a' burruch'd round about with trees. Ross''s Ileknore, p. 66. BOURACH, BoRRACH, s. A band put round a cow's hinder legs at milking, S. Gael. 3;/arrtfZi. Boiioch, q. V. must, I sec, be an error of the press ; for in the Ind. to Kelly, it is Uorrock ; Leg. Borroh. BOURBEE, s. The spotted Whistle fish, S. " Mustela vulgaris Rondeletii ; our fishers call it the Bourbee." Sibbald's Fife, p. 121. To BOURD, V. n. To jest, to mock, S. " Board not with Bawty, lest he bite you." S. Prov. This is expl. by Kelly; "Do not jest too familiarly with your superiors, lest you provoke them to make you a surlish return," p. 56. But it is used more generally, as a caution against going too far in whatsoever way, with any one, who may retaliate upon us. They'll tempt young things like you with youdith llush'd. Syne mak ye a' their jest when you're debauch'd. He wary then, I say, and never gi'c Encouragement, or bourd with sic as he. llnmsaifs Poems, ii. 175. The immediate origin is Fr. bourd-er, id. But this seems to be merely an ahbrcv. of bthourd-ir, bohord-er, to just together with lances. In old Fr. MSS. this is also written boord-er, V. Du Gauge, vo. Bohordicum. Itat. bagord-arc ; L. B. bu. hurd-arc. This being a species of mock-fighting very common in former times, the idea has been transferred to talking in jest or mockery. Du Cangc thinks that the Fr. word may be de- rived from Ilisp. bohordo or boff'ordo, a larger kind of reed, which, he supposes, they might anciently use in their jusls, instead of weapons, or (rom bordc^ rendered by Isidor. duva ; or from bourd, a jest ; or in line, from L. 15. burdus, Fr. bourde, a rod or btatr. Menestrler indeed says, that they formerly used liollow cauts instead of lances ; and that for this reason it was also called the cane game. Strutt informs us, that he finds no authority for placing the auie game at an earlier period than the twelfth century ; and thinks that it probably originated from a tourna. B O U jnftrt, a< Mwsina in Sicily, between Ricliard I. of Knsland and NVilliam de Barres, a knight of high rank in thehonsehold of thu French king. V. Sports and Pastimes, p. 100. But bohord, bchord, is more probably a Goth, word, as being used by old Northern writers. Hire explains it ; Terminus hastiludii veterum, denolunj Oiunimentum imaginarium palis finnatum ; or as ex- pressed bv Scliilter ; Ein schamc mit paltisadcn, Gl. p. VIA. Tlur tear dj/stcr, och bohord. Ibi torneameuta crant et decursiones. Chron. Rhythm, p. 15. ap. Ihre. Sidfitt tcurf (her skemlan ok bohord, Ac the hcrrarna gingo til burd. Postea lusus erant et torneamenta, Usquedum discubitum irent proceres. Hid. p. 67. la O. S. k wouTd b« : " There war jampliing and boards ; ay quhill thae heris (lords) gang till the burd." Schilter derives iieAo/'t/ from O. Germ. hurdcn custodlrc. BouRD, BouRE, s. A jest, a scoff, S. " A sooth Z'ow/-fi is na.e boiird ;" Prov. "Spoken," as Kelly observes, " when people rellect too satyri- cally on the real vices, follies and miscarriages of their neighbours." p. 3. Off that bourc 1 was blyth ; and baid to behald. Hoiiltitc, i. 7. V. the V. BOURIE, J-. A hole made in the earth by rab- bits, or other animals that hide themselves there ; E. a burrow. " Southward frae this lyes an ile, callit Elian Uurto, with manurit land, guid to pasture and srhielling of store, with faire hunting of ottars out of their bouries." Monroe's lies, p. 39. From the same origin with BornAcir.- BOURTREE, Boretree, Bountree, s. Com- mon elder, a tree ; Sambucus nigra, Linn, j A. Bor. Burtree. " The Sambucus nigra, (elder tree, Eng.) is no stranger in many places of the parish. Some of the trees are very well shaped, and by the natural bend- ing of the branches cause an agreeable shade, or bower, exhibiting an example of the propriety of the name given to that species of plants in Scotland, namely, the Bozcer.ii-ee." P. Killearn, Stirling, Statist. Ace. xvi. 110, 111. " Sambucus nigra, Bourlrce or BorC'tree. Scot. Aust." Lightfoot, p. 1131. He is mistaken in confining this, as many other Scottish names, to the South of S. Skinner mentions bore-tree^ sambucus, in his B'o. tanical Diet., and conjectures that it has received its namefrora its being hollow within, and thence easily bored by thrusting out the pulp. It has no similar name, as far as I have observed, in any of the A^orth. em languages. A. S. cltarn, Belg. ilier, Germ. holder, hotlunderbaum, Dan. hjjld, Su.G. hj/ll. V. Buscii. This shrub was supposed to possess great virtue in warding off the force of charms, and witchcraft. Hence it w^s customary to plaat it round country- bouses and barnyards. B O U BOUSHTT^j. Expl. "bed." Aberd. ^V*trat wad I gi'e but for ae look, Syn' round you baith my nives to crook ; — Or see you grace my booshty nook. To had me cozy ! Shirrcfs' Poems, p. Sf)?. Thb is the same with Jluistt/, q. v. BOUSTOUR, Bowstowre, s. A military en- gine, anciently used for battering walls.. Qwlien that the Wardane has duelt thare,. Qwhil hyni gud thowcht, and of the land Had wonnyn a gret part til his hand. He tuk the way til Bothevjle, And lay asscgcand it a qwhile, And browcht a Gyue, men callyd Boicstoxcm, For til assayle that stalwart towre. IVjjitlozcn, viii. .'il. 23, Lord Hailes, when giving an account of the siege of Bothwcll castle, A. D. 1330, says; " Fordun observes, that the Scots owed much of their success- to a military engine which he calls Boustour. Annals, ii. 195. The learned Annalist oilers no conjecture as to the form of this engine, or the origin of the word. Nothing further can be learned from For. dun. His wonts arc; Has enim muniliones cuslos Seotiac obtinuit mctu et violcntia, potissinie cujus- dara ingenii, sive machinae, quae vocabatur iJoHs/oi//'., Nam omnesad quas ante pervencrat, ccpit, et ad ter- ram prostravit ; excepfo castro de Cupro, valida vir- tute domini Willelmi Bullok defenso. Scotithron. . Lib. xiii. c. 39. Thus it appears that Sir Andrew Moray, the re- gent, had successfully eniployed the Boustour at other sieges, which preceded that of Bothwell ; and that it was principally owing to the powerful effect of this engine, and the fear inspired by it, that he had taken the castles of Dunoter, Kynneff, Law- rieston, Kinclevin, Falkland, St Andrews, and Leuchars. For as the language here used by For- dun is retrospective, when he a little before speaks of the siege of the castle of St Andrews, he says, Castrum ejusdcm tribus seplimanis onn muchinis potenter obscssit. — Ibid. Our accurate Scots annalist has here fallen into a singular mistake. When speak- ing of these sieges, he entirely overlooks that of Kinneff, substituting Kinclevin ; and observing, that " Moray made himself master of the castles of Duno- ter, Lawrieston, and Kinclevin, and during the win- ter harrassed the territories of Kincardine and An- . gus." Annals, ii. 193. Now, he does so at the very time that he quotes Fordun as his authority; al- though Fordun says, Fortalicia de Dunnotor, Kijn- neff, et de Lawrcnston obsessit. Lord Ilailes makes this alteration in consequence of a false idea he had formerly assumed. In the account of the castles put into a state of defence by Edward III., having mentioned Kincle- vin , he had said, p. 1 9 1 . N ., that this is cal led also Kyii- eff by Fordun, although in the place referred to, Kyn. e(f'on\j is mentioned by him. B. xii. 38. The learned author, having adopted tliis groundless idea, when lie afterwards describes the labours of ]\Ioray, pays no regard to the narrative given by Fordun, r. o u OlhprwUo he niiqlif hare icon liis own niJstalce. For inc. 3U, Fotiluii hiniiij^Mid, lliat, in tho month of OctoUiT, .Moray bL>U(;iJ anJ took tliu castKs of Dunot.r, K)ntll', and Law ritkton, adds, that diir- im; the «! ened the same year with the capture of Kyneli", although the one waiin October, and the other about February foi- loMini;; because then the year began in March. I may add that whereas Kinclevin is only a few miles north from Perth, Kj/ncjf was a castle in Mearns or Kincardineshire, on the margin of tlie iea. Hence this castle, as well as Dunotcr and I.auriestoTi, is justly mentioned by Buclianan a- nion^ the fortilied jjlaccs in .Mearus. Hist. Lib. i\. c. 'U. To return from this digression, to the word that has giren occasion for it ; — Su.G. Bjjssa, Loxsa, sii;ni!ies a mortar, an engine for throwing bombs; Bombarda, Ihre. ISut we are assured by him, that although this term is now used only to denote smaller engines, formerly those huge machines, w ith which they battered walls were called Bijisor. Mi- litary engines of this kind, he says, charged witii klunes instead of bullets, were used in the time of Charles Vlll. of Sweden, who came to the throne A. Ills. These larger engines, as distinguished from such as might be carried in the hand, were called Sturbj/xsor, from s/or great ; and Ktwrra- ij/stor, because borne on a cart, or car ; as they were for the same reason denominated Canobulhtuc by the Latin writers of the lower ages. Ihre derives Bj/\.\oi; bossar, from bijsstt, theca, a lio.x, or case ; because in these tubes, as in cases, bullets ore lodged. In like manner Tent, basse and i/iMc, which properly denote a box, are used to signify a gun or cinnon ; bombarda, tormeutum neucum sive ferreum, catapulta igniaria, tormcntum ignivomum, balista ; Germ, bitsclic, buxc, id. Fr. buiitf, " a box, pix, or casket ; also a chamber for .» piece of ordnance," Cotgr. We may either sirp. pose, th.il this word has been formed from Su.Ci. Ousta, with the insertion of the letter/; or imme. dialely derived from S. biiht, a box or chest ; Fr. bniiti; nsed in the same sfcondary sense as the other trmij already mentioned; with the addition of the termination our or cr. For what is a bons/our but a Urge butt nr chest used for military purposes ? BOU.SUM, B0WSO.M, a.lj. 1. Pliant, tractable. >um grauo is sweilnes in my breisi imprent, Till uak the heirars bo:cfuin and attent. Vaiicc of JJuiioiii; iii. I. £tlit. 1579. B O W This Rndd. fracas to A.S. bousum, obediens, tra*. tabilis. The A. S. w ord, however, is bocsuniy buh- siim ; from bug-an, Hcl-,'. i>iij/g-c/i, llectcre. 2. " BIytli,'inciry," Rudd. To BOUT, BowT, 1'. ft. To spring, to leap. " S. boutiil ///>," Rudd. vo. upboltit. He tiiik his spcir, As brym as he had bene ane beir, And box/it fordwart with anc bend. And ran on to the rinkis end. Ljimhaii's Squijcr Meldrum, 1592. B. 1. b. Vj. boll is used in tlie same sense, and this, indeed, is the ortliograpliy of Doug., w ho often inserts the/. Uut bull/, as it gives the true pron., is the proper form of the word ; for it preserves that of other kindred terms in foreign languages : Teut. bott-cn, op.bu/l. en, to rebound (resilire:) Ital. bull-arc, Ilisp. bot- ar, repellere, expulsare; Fr. buut-er, to drive for- ward; Su.G. boel-a, to use means to avoid a stroke. Bout, s. A sudden jerk in entering or leaving an apartment ; a hasty entrance or departure ; the act of coming upon one by surprise ; S. BOUTGATE, J-. 1. A circuitous road, a way which is not direct, S. from about, and ^ait way. Nory, vvha had aye A mind the truth of liydby's talc to try, i\Iade shift by buii/ gales to put aft the day, Til night sud fa' and then be forc'd to stay. Ross's Hclenore, p. 79. 2. A circumvention, a deceitful course, S. " These iniquities & wickcdnes of the heart of man arc so deepe, that gif the Fthnick might say justlie, that the boiitgatcs and deceitcs of the hcarte of man are infinite ; how meikle mair may we speake it, hailing Jeremiah his warrand, who calleth it deepe and inscrutable aboue all things." Bruce's Eleven Serin. 1391. Sign. T. 2. a. V. Golinyie. 3. An ambiguity, or an equivocation, in dis- course. " Navarrus tcachctli, that a person accused before a Judge, who proceedelh not (jiiridkc) lawfullie, is not holdcn to confess the truth : but. may use aequi- vocal/on, mentallie reserving within him-selfe, some other thing than his vvordes doe sound : yea, cyther in aiiswere, or oath, to his Judge or Siqjeriour, that hee may vse a boiUgatc of speacli (aniphibolocistis back." Knox's Hist. p. 82. ^' The horsmen, and sum of those that sould h»ve put ordour to utheris, overode thair pure brethrein, at the entrcs of the Nctherbozs." Ibid. p. IVO. i..«. the lower arch. 2. The arch of a bridge, S. "• The falline downc of the three bonis of the bri» of Tay be the greit wattir and of Lowis Vairk on the 20 of DL'cembir in anno 1573. MS. quoted. Muses Threnodie, p. 81. N. Teut. boghc, id. arcus, concaraerafio, fornix, Kilian ; from bogh-cn, flectere, by reason of its form: Su.G. bogc, A.S. bog-a, " an arch of a bridge or o'.her building;" Somner. BOW, s. As applied to a house. V. Boo. BOWAND, adj. Crooked. Apoun the postls also mony ane pare Of harncs hang, and cart quheles grete plente, From incmyis war wbnnjng in mellc, The bonand axis, helmes with In e crestis. Doug. Virgil, 211. 32. Curvus, Virg. A. S. bugend. BOW AT, s. A hand-lanthern. V. Bowet. BOWBARD, J-. A dastard, a person destitute of spirit. O Tuskane pepll, how hapinnis this, sayd he, That ye sal euer sa dullit and boicbardis be, Vnwrokin sic iniuris to sulTir here? Doug. Virgil, 391. 12. Rudd. derives this from Lat. bubo, the owl, which he designs, animalinm ignavissimo. Junius con- siders it as akin to E. boobie and buffoon. It is per- haps allied to Germ, bah, which, according to AVach- ter, first signified a boy, then a servant, and at length a worthless fellow, nequara : Teut. bocvcrjc, nequi. tia, boevert/uchtigh, nequam, Hagitiosus. Or, shall we rather view it as originally the same with bum- barf/ BowBERT, adj. Lazy, inactive. Of thayr kynd thame list swarmis out bryng, Or in kames incluse thareJiony clcne, — Or fra thare hyll' togiddir in a rout Expellis the bozibert best, the fenyt drone be. Doug. Virgil, 26. 35. BOWDEN,/>fi/-^/fl. Swollen. V. Boldin. BOWELHIVE, s. An inflammation of the bowels, to which children are subject, S. According to some, it is owing to what medical men call intersusccpiio, or one part of the intestines being inverted ; others give a different account of it. "• The diseases that generally afflict the people of this country, are fevers, fiuxes of the belly, and the rickets in children, which they call the Bouel-hyve." Pennecuik's Tweeddale, p. 7. Pennecuik, although designed M. D., seems not to have understood this disease. " The disease, called by mothers and nurses in Scot- land, the bozvel-hive, is a dangerous infiammatory bilious disorder ; and when not soon relieved, very frequently proves fatal. It is brought on by disor- ders of the milk, by exposure to cold, and living in low, cold damp situations." Curtis's Medical Observ. p. 187. It has been said that those afnicted with this dis. U BOW rase hare often a swilling in the side. Ilcncc per- haps itic name. \'. Hivk, r. BOWES AND BILLES, a phrase used by the English, in formtr times, for giving an alarm in their caoip cr military quarters. " Till.- Inplischo soul. war all aakip, except the walrii, wliichc was skk-ndcr, and yit the schoiit ryiics, liu-uts ami Billii! Bones und Billisl whiche is a Mgnificatioiin of ixfnim defence, io avoyd (he present danger in all founts of ware." Knox, p. 82. q. " To your bows and battle-axes !" BOWET, BoiVAT, s. A hanJ-lanthern, S. Bo- v.it, A. Bor. Gl. Grose. " Ve !uld vsc the law of God as ye vrald vse ane tore he quhcn ye gang liayine to your house in a myrk nychi ; for as the torchc or boirat schawls yo« lycht to de.scerne the rycht waie hayine to your house, fra the wrang \Fay, and also (o dcsccme the clein way fra the foule way: euin ia aucht ye to vse the law cr romniand of God, as a torchc, bozcat or laiiterin." Abp. llamiltoun's Catechismc, 1551. Fol. 78. b. This word is supposed to be retained in the name of a place in Galloway. " It may be suggested, that the word Builtlc is bnt a contraction of Z?orrt7-A///, vt Douel-hall, an appcllafion, occasioned by the beacons in the neiph- boiirhood of the castle alluded to: or the great light T>liich it displayed on festive or solemn occasions." P. Buittlc, Statist. Ace, xvii. 114. Perhaps from Vt. i/oiigctte, a little coffer; if not allied to iougic, a small wa\-candle. BOWCER, s. The pufiin, cr coulter-neb, a bird ; alca arc tic a^ Linn. " The Boxcgcr, so called by those in St Kilda, Coulter Neb by those on the f am Islands, and in ("ornwall, Pipe, is of the size of a pigeon." Mar- Xin's St Kilda, p. 34. BOWGLE, s. A wild ox, a buffalo. And lat no boxcgle with his biisteous horuis The mcik pluch-ox oppress, for all his pr)-d. Dunbar, Thistle find Rose, st. 16. Lat. bucul-us, a young ox. Hence bugk-horn. BOWIE,/. 1. A small barrel or cask, open at one end ; S. Wi' butttr'd bannoclis now the girdle reeks : T the far nook the bouie briskly reams. Fergu'.'On^s I'ocmSy ii. 5G. Hi? pantry was never ill. boden ; The spenre was ay couthie an' clean ; The gantry was ay keepit loaden Wi' bouies o' nappie bedeen. Jamicsou's Popular Bull. i. 293. C. It denotes a small tub for washing, S. 3. It also sometimes signifies a milk-pail, S. To bear the milk bOTcie no pain was to me, When 1 at the bughting forgather'd with thee. Kuimays Poems, ii. 105. Sibb. deduces it from Tcut. bmich, venter; bug- tn, flectcre in concavum vil convexum, vo. Pi''g/h "■ bill. David Duchanan derives S. braj/ from Celt, briga^ brica, bria, an high place or mountain ; observing that all those called Bn'gantcs, near the Lake of Constance, in Dauphine, in Spain, and in Ireland, lived in mountainous regions. I'ref. Knox's Hist. Sign. B. i. This word, one might suppose, Mas not unknoMU to the CJotiiic nations. Germ, brenncr denotes the tops of the mountains of Rhaetia or Tyrol; Wach. ter. Isl. briia is cilinm, the brow, whence uugna- bruu, the eye-brow ; and bratt signifies steep, having an ascent ; Su.G. braltiir, brj/n, vertex montis, prae- cipithim, id quod ceteris su])erstat, aut prac aliis cininet ; also, margo amnis, Ihre; Is\. britiia, scsc tollere in altum, brccku, clivus. It may lie viewed as a proof of this affinity, that fcjocj is used both in S. and E. in a sense nearly alli- ed to brae, as denoting an eminence, or tiie edge of it ; as if both acknowledged braa cilinm, as their root. Twa iiiile slie ran afore she bridle drew, And syne she lean'd her down upon a brois. Ross's Ilt'lenore, p. 58. To BRA, V. n. 1. To bray. 2. To make a loud and disa<'reeable noise. The horryblo tyrant with bludy mouth sal bra. Doug. Virgil, 2'i. 13. BRAAL, ,f. A fragment. " There's nae a i/W to the fore," There is not a fragment remaining, Ang. BRACE, s. A chimney-piece, a mantle- piece, S. BRACHELL, s. A dog; properly, one em- ployed to discover or piu'sue game by the scent. About the Park thai set on breid and lenfh. — A hundreth men chargit in amies Strang, To kcpe a hundc that thai had (haim amang; In Gillisland thar « as that bi^'/./>fl. Roabtcd. V. next word, io BRADE, V. a. To roast. The Kinp (o soupor is set, served in hallc, L'nder a siller of silke, dayntly diglit; Wiih al woisliippand wcle, niewith the walle ; Briddos branden, and brad, in bankers bright. Sir Ganan and Sir Gal. ii. 1. A. S. bracd-un, id. bracddc, assatiis ; Alem. brat- en, a«are. Su.G. braedc, calor, fervor, although applicable to ihc mind, as denoting the heat of pas- sion, seems to have a common origin. To BR.\DE, Braid. This r.' occurs in so many senses, considerably remote from each other, that they cannot well be traced to any common root. 1 shall therefore con- sider them distinctly, unless where they seem neces- sarily connected. To BRADE, Braid, v. n. l. To move quickly, to take long steps in rapid succession. As sum time duis the courserc stcrt and ryn, Thai brokin has his band furth of his stall, Now gois at large oner the feildis all, And haldis towart (he stcdis in ane rage ; —He sprcntis furth, and ful proude walloppis he; — Sicklikc this Turnus semys quharc he went, And as he bradis furlh apoun the bent, The maide Camilla cuinmys hym agane, Accumpanyit with hir oistis Volscane. Dong. Virgil, 381. 24. Sync down the brae Sym braid lyk thunder. Evergreen, ii. 183. st. 7. Robenc troyd attour the bent. Robenc and Makjjnc, Uannuljjnc Poems, p. 100. 2. To sprinj^, to start. The btedis stakerit in the stour, for stroking on stray. The ijernys bowitabnk, So woundir rud wes the rak. — Thai brai/d fra thair blonkis besely and bane, Sync laught out suerdis lang and luQy. Giiiciin and Got. iii. 21, 22. 3. To break out, to issue with violence. And all enr.igit thir wordis gan furth irade. Doug. Virgil, 1 12. 29. Furth at the ilk porte the wyudis bradc in ane route. ibid. 15. 35. Krumperc, proriperc, Virg. Now hand to hand the dynt lichtis with ane swak, Now bendis he up his burdoun with ane iiiyut; Oa sydc he bradis for to vschew the dynt. Doug. Virgil, 142. 3. BRA 4. To draw out quickly ; used actively, especially with respect to the unsheathing or brandishing of a sword, or other weapon of this kind. Fast by (he collar ^Vallace couth him ta, Wndyr his hand the knylTlie bradit owt ; with out reskcw he stekit him to dede. Wallace, i. 223. MS. A forgyt knyff, but baid, he bradis out. Ibid. ix. 145. MS. LI. braad-a, accelorare. This word, according to G. Andr., is obsolete. Braad-ur, Su.G. braad, celcr. Isl. bregd has not only this sense, but in. eludes another mentioned above; being rendered, ce- leriter movco, vibro. At bregd-u sverdc, gladium evaginare vcl stringcrc. G. Andr. Gunnlaugi S. Gl. Ivristnisag. Analogous to this is one significa. tionof A.S. braed-an; cxcrcre, stringcre: He his .<:Kord gcbraed, gladium evaginavit, Somner. The Isl. poets denominate a battle liyrbrigdi, from hyr, a sword, and brigdi, vibration, q. the brandishing of swords. Landnam. p. 411. As our V. also signifies, to start, Isl. bragd, irogdy brygd, is defined, motus quilibet celerior, vcl strata, gema luctantium ; Gl. Gunnlaug. Brade, Braide, s. a start, a spring, a quick motion of the body. Bot with ane braide to Laocon in fere Thay itcrt atlanis, and his twa soiinys yyng. First athir serpent lappit like ane ring. Doug. Virgil, 45. 49. also 297. 2. And with a braid I turnit me about. Dunbar, Thistle and Rose, st. 27. Isl. bregd, versura. To BRADE, Braid, v. a. To attack, to as- sault ; Rudd. Isl. bregd-a munne nidur, sternere virum, G. Andr. p. 34. Braid, s. Assault, aim to strike. — And with (hat wourd doun of the sete me drew ; Syne to me with his club he maid ane braid, And twenty rowtis apoun my rigging laid. Doug. Virgil, 451. 41. Impetus, Virg. It is used in a similar sense, O. E., as respecting a treasonable attack. — If the Scottis kyng mistake in any braide Of treson in any thing, ageyn Henry forsaid, The barons & the clergic in on wer alle schryuen, Unto kyng Ilcnrie ageyn William suid be gyuen. R. Brunne, p. 138. Elsewhere it denotes an hostile assault in general, an invasion. — How the contek was laid of Scotlond that first gan: How eft thai mad a braid, & on Inglond ran. Ibid. p. 236. \s^. bregd, nisns, an attempt, an exertion ; also, ineisura, a cut, a slash. G. Andr. p. 34. BRADE, adj. ; S. V. Brade. To BRADE, Braid, v. a. To turn round. Ane Dudgh brayiiit about, besily and bane, Small birdis on broche, be ane brigh fyre. Schir Kay ruschit to the roist, and reft fra the •'Wane. Gn-can and Gol. i. 7. This dwarf acted as turnspit. Isl. bre^d-a^ vciteic I B R A n R A To BRADE, Braid, Brede, Breed, v.n. i. To resemble, to be like in manners ; especially as denoting that similarity which characterises the same stock or family. In this sense, it re- quires the prep. of. " Ve I'lcid of the Miller's dog, ye lick your icoiltli or the poke be ope;" S. Trov. Ray. Tliis occurs, Ferguson's S. Prov. p. 35. " Ye hrccd c/ the witches, ye can do nae good to your sel." S. Pr6v. Brand's Popular Autiq. ]). 325. " Ye breed o' the gowk, ye have ne'er a rime but anc ;" Ferguson's S. Prov. p. 35. 2. To appear, to be manifest. Sum a«kis mair than he descrvls ; Sum askis far les than lie servis ; Sum schanies to ask, as braids of me, And all without reward he stervis. Dunbar, Banmi/ijne Poems, p. 4G. st. 3. i.e. " as is CTident, from my conduct; and evi. dent in such a manner, as to manifest my natural dis- position." Ray derives this -nord '■ from breeding, because those that are brwl of others are for the most jiart like them." But the sense is precisely the same with that of Isl. bregj-u, brc!(/li.(i, Sn.C. bran, verbs denoting the resi-mblance of children, in dispositions, to their progenitors. Urcgdiir harni Hi at/tar, pro- genitoribus suis quisque fere similis est, (r. Andr. p. 38. V. Ihre, vo. lirita. The latter writer views Isl. brag-ur, raos, ati'ectio, modus agendi, as the radical term. To RRADE, Br.\id vp, -j. a. " To braid up tlie head," Dunbar ; to toss it as a liigh-mcttled horse does, or to carry it high. I wald nalanger bcir on brydil, bot^;-a?(/!//jmy luid : Thair miclit no mollat mak me moj', nor hald my mouth in. Dunbar, JfaHlu/id Poems, p. 5. A. S. bred-em, Belg. brej/d-cii, to extend. To BRAID up the hurdc ; marked as used by James I. This perhaps signifies, to put up the leaves of the table ; from the same origin with the preceding phrase. BRAID, Brade, adj. 1. Broad, S. The iving has written a braid letter, And signd it v.'i' his hand ; And sent it to Sir Patrick Spence, Was walking on the sand. B.itiori's S. Songs, ii. 5. 2. Plain, intelligible. And yit forsoith 1 set my besy pane, (As that 1 couth) to make it trade and plain. Doug. Viigil, Pref. 5.4. MocsG. Isl. braid, A. S. Sw. bred, latus. Braid, Brade, adv. Widely. The heuinly portis cristallyne Vpwarpis brade, the warld till illumyne. Dong. Virgil, 309. 25. Braid-Band, Broad-band, j. i. Corn laid out, in the harvest field, on the band, but not bound, is said to be lying in braid-band, S. It is often opened up in this way, to receive the hcnefit of the drought, when it is injured by rain. 2. 1'o he laid in broad-hand, metaph. to be fully ex- posed.. " The world saith often that thought is free. But behold here how the verie euill thoughts of the wick- ed in that day .shalbe spread out and laide in broad, band brfore the lace of God, of angels, and of men." Coyd's La«t Battell, p. 643. To BRAG, V. a. To reproach, to upbraid. " To boust and brag one, to threaten or sharply reprove one, S. Bor." Rudd. vo. Bruih. Ye need iiu brag me ti:itli her; you need not upbraid me by comparing my conduct to hers. lie left me a gun, and an old rusty sword, As pledges he faithfully would keep his word. They bribed my servants, and took them awa' ; And now at his coming, I want them to sliaw ; For which he may brag me, and ca' me unjust, And tell me, I am uot well worthy of (rust. ji. NicoPs Pocmsj 1730. p. 30. A thousan ships slack i' the sea, And sail thiy wad na more. A puft o' wind ye cudna get, To gar your cannas wag ; The Fates forbade your firrer march, An' sair they did jou brag. Puems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 10. Here it would seem to signify, threaten. Su.G. brigd-a, e.xprobrare; whence Hire deduces E. braid, upbraid; Isl. b7\gd.a, opjirobrarc, G. Andr. p. 34. BRACING, s. Boasting. Thair wes blaring of beniys, braging and beir. Gaxan and GdI. ii. 1 3. BRAGWORT, s. Expl. " Mead, a beverage made from the dregs of honey." Gl. Sibb. As bitter as bragisorl ; is a proverbial phrase, S. used to denote any thing very bitter. But whether i( refer to this or not, seems extreinely doubtful, as this drink ought to be sweet. Periia;,s it rather resjieets some herb. Ray mentions " Braggct or bra\et, a sort of compound drink made u]) with honey, spices, &c. in Cheshire, Lancashire, &c." braggot, Gl. Lancash, This Minsheu derives from C. B. brugod, id. ToBRAIK, x^«. Sche blubbirt, bokkit, and braikit still. LijndHty, S. p. R. ii. 87. This seems to signify, puked or reached. V. Braking. BRAIK, s. a threat. Forsoith I sail say furth all myne anise, All thocht with braik, and boist, or wappinnis he Me doith awato, aiiid manace for to de. Douz. Virgil, 374. 32. Rudd. Tiews this as radically th • same with Brag, q. V. If so, it must have the same cognates. It may, however, be allied to Isl. brak-u, strepo, G. Andr. p. 31. BRAIK, Break, s. An instrument used in dress- ing hemp or flax, for loosening it from the core, S. — A froathstick, a can, a creel, a knock, A braik for hemp, that she may rub. — IValsoti's Cull. iii. 47. Breci is the orthograpliy, Encycl. Britannica, vo. Flax. Teut. braecke, id. malleus stui;arius, vulgo linifrangibula ; braeckcn het vlasck, tomrainuere lia- um. la this sense brack is alsoused as a v, S. B R A BRAlK, r. An internal morillicatlon ; a disease anioiij; sliccj), Anj^. Sii.i;. biiuik, a ili-ftfclof any kind. V. Buaxy. BRAIKIT, n(fj. Speckled, S. Ir. ttii-ac, l/nk, si'crklcd, ( ied, motley: Cajilab. or O. Span, bni^ndo, a pivd ox ; LliiiydS Letter to the Welsh, 'I'r.m^l. ('. 15. It seems doubtful, if the Sii.(;. pliraio, bnsJii lit, to change colour, has any afliiiity. BRAYMKN, /./>/. The name given to those w ho inhabit the southern declivity of the Gram- pian liilh, S. Divid Ituehjujn, speaking of the word Bratj, says ; •• IKnco V. e haply call our Brig.intts Biaijmen, \thotii ue call otherwise Iliglilanders or Highland. nun." I'ref. Knov's Hist. b. 1. Itut Uuchanan is mistaken in callini; them Iliglt- I.Kiilmen, from whom, in Angus at least, they arc alnay« diiilnguishcd. The Uraijmen are those who ditell oil the faco of the hills inunediately ailjoiiiiiig to the Lowlands; those railed Highlanders arc pro- jivrly the inhabitants of the interior parts. They are aUu distinguished by language; for all those, who arc properly called Drojjmcn, speak the same dulcet with the adjacent Lou landers. It is also remarked that the former, in speaking Scottish, have nothing; of that twang by v.hith Jlighlanders are di. s'inguished. Xor do Gaelic idioms occur in tlieir speech, which is always the case w here native High- landers have aeiiuired a new l.inguage. lt\iclianan, in this place, gives an ingenious dcri. Tatiun of the term ISri^and, which has generally I), en derived from Fr. On'^iicr, to quarrel, i/vV"^', contenliLin. ''The Urigantcs," he says, '• in the coutiiunf namely, were so given anciently to takj away good> from their enemies with a strong hand, that by success of time all those that openl) did rub and plunder were called Hn'i^aiilcs; and the French has from hence derived the verb Ifrigaiidcr, to rob or plunder." Ibid. He also says that the iiiece of armour, railed a lliiiinndiiic, received its name from the I'l i^iiiifo, as being used by them. Uut the hypothesis of Air tirosc, with respect to the latter, is more rational." The brrmndinc " he s.iys, " takes its name from the troops by which it was firi.t worn, who were called f/iigaits; they were a kind of light armed irregular foot, much ad- dicted to plunder, whence it is probable the appclla. lion of brigands was given to other freebooters." Milit. Antiip ii. 250. BRAIN, /. Voice. " A braw brain," '< a strong brain," a powerful voice, Ang. To BR.MN'DGE, v. n. " To run rashly for. ward," b. O. ^ Thou never bruindg't an' fecht, an" fliskif Jliit thy anld tad thou wad hae v.iskit ' An' spread abreed thy weel-lill'd brisket, \^ i' pith an pnw'r. Iliiniy^ iii. J. 13 Shall we view tJiis as an oblique sense of Bil' Krmi.rii, to neigh ? ° HRAYNK, Brakk, a^J, Mad, furious. Furon?, Virj. The first sprouting of grain. V. BRA He waxib brattc in furoiire bcUicat) So desirus of dedis niarcial. Don;;. I'irgil, 398. 16. Quharforc this Turnus, half myndles and brajnc, Socht diners wentis to He out throw the plane, With niony wyiidis and turnis all on tlocht, Now here, syne thare vnsouirly he socht. Ibid. 4J8. 55. Aniens, A^irg. Xot, as lludd. supposes, from brain cerebrum : more probably fr(3in A. S. brinn-an, to burn, brtii, brync, fervor; whence 6/-j/«e-f/f//, a fever ; Su.G, bruanail, fervor, ardor. Isl. brana has a peculiar sense, which is somewhat analogous ; Cajirino more feror; capellac, seu ibicis more curro. G. Andr. p. ;u. BuAYN-vvoD, Brane-WOD, adj. Mad, in a state of insanity. lie swa mankyd, as braync-txode Kest fast with the stwmpe the blodu In-til Willamc Walays face. IVjjnlmcii, viii. 13. 51, He wanted na marc than a schowt. For til hawc made hyin bnij/nc-zcod owt. i. Ii. quite t'urious. Ibid. 17. 6. V. HiiVYNEand V«'oD. BRAIRD, s. Briber. To BRAIS, -J. a. To embrace. Thow may to day half gude to spend. And hcstely to niornc fra it weud, And leif aue utiiir thy baggis to brats. Dunbar, Uannu/ijns Poems, p. 5G. st. 3. Fr. bras, the arm, whence embrace, q. in arms. BRATS, s. pi. Snares, gins. We se, watchand the ful scliepcfakl, The w_\ld wolf ouersct wytli s;-houris cald, Wyth wyiul and rane, at mydclis of the iiithf, About the boucht plet al of wandis ticht lirais and gyriiis. Boug. Virgil, 275. 55. This word, which is overlooked by Rudd., is evi. dcntly allied (o A. S. braegd, figmcntum, braegden, fraiis ; gcbracgdas, crafts, frauds, subtile contriv- ances ; Son-ner. Isl. Su.G. bragd, fraus ; Chaucer, brcde, to devise crafty ways to abuse or cozen others, .lun. ; although Urry reads drcdc in the jiassage re- ferred to ; which seems preferable. Braid, adj! '' an old word, 'which seems to signify deceitful." Johns. BRAISE, Braze, s. The Roach, a fisli ; S. " The Clyde abounds w ith a considerable variety of lishcs ; as the salmon, pike, trout, flounder, perch, bruie, (Roach Kng\h) and eel." Urc's Hist. Ru- theiglen, p. 031. Cyprinus Rutilus, the Roach, Brai.e : P. Luss, Statist. Ace. xvii. 253. " Salmon, pike, and eels of difTerent kinds, fre. quent the Enritk and Blanc; but no fish in greater abundance, at a certain season of the year, than the l.raise (roach, Eng.) Vast shoals couie up from J.orhlomond, and by nets are caught in those sands. • \>. Killearn, Slirlings. Statist. Ace. xvi. 109, i he name given in S. to this lisli has great affinity BRA to the various designations given to the Bream in other northern languages. Sw. Irazen, cyjirinus brania, bream, ^yiJcg. Seren. Tent, braessem, id. eyprinus latus, Kilian. Somner defines A. S. bacrs, lupus piscis ; " a kind of fish, which some take to be a pike, others a stur- geon." lie thinks that it may perhaps be the same with Teut. iaci's, a perch. BRAITH, adj. Violent, severe. AVallacc tiikc ane on the face in his teyn, With his gud hand, quhill ncss, mowth and eyn, Throuch the brailh blaw, all byrstyt owt of blud ; Butless to ground he smat him quhar he stud. IValltice, si. 171. MS. Allace ! thi help is fasslic brocht to ground, Thi chyftane [best] in braith bandis is bound. Ibid. xi. 1112. Here it may denotei either the strength or the gall- ing effect of his fetters. L'erf occurs in edit., al- though not in MS. Witliout if, the nicas'.i re is im- perfect. Isl. Su.G. hraede, ira, animi fervor. Ihre is at a loss, whether to derive this word from brucjcl, ccler, or from Isl. reidij raidi, ira. Braithful, Breithful, adj. Sharp, violent. In sum the greyf and ire dyd fast habound, Rasyt wyth braithfuU stangis full unsound. Doug. Virgil, 379. 22. Also 30O. 55. V. Bhaitu. All kynd of wraith and brci/hful yrc now he Lete slip at large but brydil wyth renyc fre. Ibid. 428. 7. Braitiilie, adj. " Noisy, sounding-, a voce breath, et hoc ab A. S. brathc, odor, spiritus," Rudd. This goddes went, quhare Eolus the kyng In gousty cauis, the windis loud quhi^ling And brailklie tempestis. by his pow er rcfranys In bandis hard, schct in prosoun constrcnys. Doug. Virgil, 14. 46. Luctantes ventos tempesfatesquc souoras Imperio premit Virg. Doug, seems to have transposed the epithets. Loud quhisti»g corresponds to sonoras, and brailhlic, as would appear, to luctantes. Rudd.. not adverting to this transposition, has rendered brailhlie as if it gave tlie sense of soturw. According to this view of the meaning of brailhlie, luctantes is entirely overlooked in the translation. For Rudd. makes it to convey the idea previously expressed bv loud qukiiliiig. But it is evidently of the same meaning with braithful, violent; or may be viewed as li- terally expressing the force of luctantes, struggling, ' from Su.fi. brj/t-a, brott-as, Isl. briot-a, luctare, the very term used by Virg. The same word oc- curs in the Iloulate, il. 14. — The batfellis so brym brathli; and bliclit. Were jonit thraly in tlirang, mony thowsand. Braithly, adv. Violently, with great force. Wncss a word he mycht bryng out for teyne ; The bailfuU ters bryst brttithli/ fra hys eyne. Wallace, vi. 208. I^IS. Also, iii, 375, B R A Thai bend bowis of bras braithh/ within. Gaican and Gol. ii. 12. To BRAK, V. n. To break, S. B. To hear her tale his heart was like to brak. Rosses llclenore, p. 29. A.S. bracan, id. Is], eg braaLa, hango. Brake, s. A large and heavy kind of harrow, chieily used for breaking in rough ground, S. To BRAK, 1'. n. To express great sorrow on any account, one says, " I'm like to brak." S. B. This is probably allied to Isl. brack, brek, wailing. BRAK, Brake, ad/, fcomewhat salt, brackish. The entrcllis sik fer in the fludis brake. In your reuerence I sail flyng and swake. Doug. Virgil, 135. 29. Belg. brack, salsus. BRAKING, s. Puking, reaching, S. B. But somewa)" on her tli<;y fuish on a change ; That gut and ga' she keest with braking strans**. Rosses llclenore, p. 66. Teut. bracck-en, to vomit, braecke nausea. This seems to be properly a secondary sense of bracck-en, to break ; as Kilian explains braecke nausea, disso- lutio stomachi. Su.G. brak-a metaph. denotes any fatiguing exercise. BRALD, part. pa. Decked, dressed ; a term used of a woman, who is said to be — Rycht braivlie braid. — Maitluiid Poems, p. 319. The only word which seems to have any affinity is Fr. brctt-cr, to glitter. BRANDNEW, Brent new, a phrase equiva- lent to spick and span., quite new, S. Waes rae, I hae forgot, With hast of coming afT, to fetch my coat. What sail I do? it was ahnaist brand ne:c ; 'J'is bat a hellier since't came aff the clew. Ross's llclenore, p. ^3. This terra is also used in provincial E. It is sometimes written brent neic. Nae cotillion brent nezc frae France, But hornpipes, jigs, strathspeys, and reels, Put life and mettle in their heels. Barns, ili. 332. This is certainly the same with Teut. brand nets, which Kilian gives as synoiT. with r/er-necT, recensab officina profectum, a follibus calens ; from brand, incendiura, ustio. The term has been originally used with respect to military weapons, or any iroa tools, newly finished. BRANDED, part. pa. Bordered, having a margin. Here belt was of blunket, with birdes ful bolde. Branded m ith breude golde, and bokelcd ful bene. Sir Gaxian and Sir Gal. iiv 3. Brandur is used below for a border. His brene, and his basnet, bnrnebhed ful bene; AVith a brandur abought, al of brendc golde. i. e. " having a border about, all of finest gold." Germ, braun, Isl. brun, id. lirabus. BRANDED, Bran nit, adj. Having a reddish- brown colour, as if singed by fire. A h-anded eo'M is one that is almost entirely brown, S. r> II A The lads of Fiinjlan.l, anil llillbccli-liilK '1 licy wcro lUTiT fi>r nooil, but ajc lor ili ; 'Tuixt ill.' Swvwoud.bush mmI Laiissiili'-hill, Tbcy Mcali-d liic brokiJ cow anil tlif branilcd bull. Miiolnl'if Border, i. '1J3. v. r>u(rtr^/.«. Grilled. V. Brid. BRANDKR, BRAKDRtxii, .'. A gridiron. '• His luire >all liaue— ane kettill, aiie brundcr, ane posnett," iV;r. Burrow Lawes, c. 125. s. 1. Thi'M fivsher fish shall on llie brundcr blecz, And leuia>it with rirh «old wyre.— Ibid. 33. 31. In this place it properly signifies, bound on the margin, welled. Fr. cmbiiiti.cr, lo bind. Here, as in many ofh*r in-lanri'^, (he prep, prefixed is thrown away. BRA.SERl.S, Brasaris, s.pl. Vambraces, ar- moiir for the arms. Qiihen thit was said he has but marc abade Tua kompis burdouns brocht, and before thaymc laid \\ ith al tharc harnes and biimcris by and by. Doug, f'irgil, 141. 1. Pullane greis he braissit on full fast, A rioss byrny, with uiony sekyr clasp, Hreyst plait, 6;a/V and a brat." S. Prov. Kelly, p. 205. " He thus expl. it : " If a man be honest and industrious, he can hardly miss food and raiment." It would seem that the Prov. is printed erroneously. According to the ex. jilanation, it should be, '• It is a ;)cior world," or " an ill world," kc. 2. A coarse kind of apron for keeping the deaths clean, S. " Brat, a coarse apron, a rag ; Lin- colns." Gl. Grose ; id. Lancashs. 3. Coarse clothing, S. ; dudds, synon. A. S. hratt signifies both pallium and panniculus; "a cloak, a rag;" Somner. C. B. brathay, rags. 4. Scum, S. It does not necessarily signify, re- fuse ; but is also applied to the cream which rises from milk, especially of what is called a sour cogue, or Xhcjloatings of boiled whey. '• Brat, a cover or scurf." Statist. Aec. xv. S. N. This seems to be merely an oblique sense of the, same w ord, as used to denote an apron which co- vers the rest of oue's clothes. I BRA B R A BRATCHART, J. Expl. " Silly stripling;" and traced to Teut. brociise/, piillus ; or viewed « q. vretchet, little wretch ;" Gl. Slbb. That bi(iti:h(irt in a bnsso was born ; They fand a laonstcr on the morn, War faicd than a cat. Mo/itt^omcn'e, 1V(i(.<:o>i\s Coll. iii. 12. The term undoubtedly is equivalent to ichclji ; from Fr. bralchet, a kind of small hound ; or iin- mediatuly formed from Brack. V. liii.vciiKi.i.. To BRATH, V. a. To plait straw-ropes round a stack, crossing them at intervals, S. B. A. S. brdfd-aii, to weave together ; Isl. brcgil.a, nectere fila in funem, per obliquos nexus, et com- plexus; G. Andr. p. a3, 31. Aleni. broiheii, con- texere. Hence, Brathins, s.p/. The cross ropes of the roof of a thatched house, or stack ; also called etbeiins, Ang. Tsl. bra^d, nexus. BRATHLY, aJj. Noisy. V. Braithlie. To BRATTYL, Brattle, v. n. i. To make a clashing or clattering noise, S. IJranchis brattlt/iig, and blaikny t shew the brayis, With hirstis harsk of waggand wyudil strayis. Dung, firgil, '20'i. 28. 2. To advance rapidly, making a noise with the feet, S. Daft lassie, when we're naked, what'll ye say, Gitf our twa herds come bruHling down the brae, And see us sae ? — Ramsai/'s Poems, ii. 75. Not, as Rudd. conjectures, formed from the sound ; but derived perhaps from Isl. briot-ti, bri/t-d, which sometimes signifies, exagifare, hue illueque nioverc, ut luctantes ; Ihre, yo. Uroilas ; or Teut. borfel-cii, tumultuari ; iluttuare, agitarc. Brattyl, Brattle, s, l. A clattering noise, as that made by the feet of horses, when prancing, or moving rapidly, S. It is thus expl. by Rudd. Now by the time that they a piece had ta'en, All in a bra/tic to the gate are gane ; And soon are out of the auld noorise' sight, To dress her milk hersell wha shortly dight. Rusi's Jlclcnore, p. 96. " For, thinks I, an' the horse tak a brattle now, they may come to lay up my mittens, an' ding me yavil an' as styth as I had been elf-shot," Journal from Loudon, p. 4. Thou need na start awa sae hasty, Wi' bickering brattle. Burns, ill. 146. 2. Hurry, rapid motion of any kind, S. 13auld Bess Hew till him w i' a brattle, And spite of his teeth held him Close by the craig. — Ramsaij's Poems, i. 261. 3. A short race, S. The sma' droop-rumpl't, hunter cattle, Might aiblins waur't thee for a brattle ; 13ut sax Scotch miles thou try't their mettle, An' gar't them m haizle. Burns, iii. 143. 4. Fury, violent attack, S. List'ning, the doors an' winnouks rattle; I thought me on the ourie cattle. Or silly sheep, wha bide this brattle O' winter war. Burns, iii. 150. BRAVERY, s. A bravado, a gasconade. "In which time one Tait, a follower of Cesford, who as then was of the Lords jiartj , came forth in a bravery, and called to the opposite horsemen, ask- ing if any of them had courage to break a lance for his Mistress ; he was answered by one Johnston servant to the Master of Glammis, and his challenge accepted." Spotswood, p. 287. Vt. braverie, id. Uom braver, to brave, to play the gallant. BRAUITIE, s. 1. A show, a pageant. All curious pastimes and consaits Cud be imaginat be man, AVes to be seno on Edinburgh gaits, Fra time that brauilie began. Burel's Entry Q. Anne, Watson's Coll. ii. 5. 2. Finery in dress, S. Sjne she beheld ane heuinly sicht, Of iVymphs who supit nectar cauld; Whois brauities can scarce be tauld. Ibid. p. 7. Fr. braverie, depense en habits ; Diet. Trcv. Y. Braw. BRAUL, Brawl, s. " It vas ane cclest recreation io behold ther lycht lopenc, galmouding, stendling bakuart Si forduart, dansaiid base dansis, pauiians, galyardis, turdions, bruuliia.nA branglis, bntfons, vitht mony vthir lycht dansis, the quhilk ar ouur prolixt to be rehcrsit." Compl. S. p. 102. Menstrel, blaw up ane brazcl of France; Let se quha hobbils best. Lyndsuy, S. P. Repr. ii. 201. In Gl. Compl. it is justly observed, that this is the same as brungle (Fr. bransle, branle), contr. BRAUSHIE, adj. Stormy. V. Brash, v. BRAW, Bra', adj. i. Fine, gaily dressed, S. Braze gaes ilk Borrows blade, an' weel ye ken, 'Tis wi' the profits ta'en frae ither men. J\Iorisvn''s Poems, p. 183, 184. Teut. brattice, ornatus, bellus ; Fr. brave, id. These terms are perhaps radically allied to Isl. bra- er, nitet, splendet, G. Andr. 2. Handsome, S. Voung Robie was the braicest lad, The flower and pride of a' the glen ; And he had owsen, sheep, and kye, And wanton naigies nine or ten. Burns, iv. 80. 3. Pleasant, agreeable, S. O Peggy, dinna say me na : But grant to me the treasure Of love's return ; 'tis unka bra'', " When ilka thing yields pleasure. J. Nicol's Poems, 1739. p. 27. 4. Worthy, excellent, S. ^ braw man, a worthy man ; S. X 2 L 11 A Su.G. bruj, bonus, pracstaiis. En braf man, Uie trr) phrase still iiscil liy the vulgar in S. Grriii. briii, ill. M. 6;(//i, ^;«/, fords, Vcril. WathtiT tiiw- I.at. fiiobits x-i till- orii;iii. liirc prtfors bnific, A hiTo ; ohsfrviiii; thai any ono •listingiii'-hi-cl by v.is- tlom, cloqui'iicf. or ini;cnuily, was by the Gotlis called Uiuginailiir ; from t'v;*, aud mailr, man. Gael. brcitih, iignifu't lim-, si'^jhlly, pretty, handsome. liru:o is oftoii used adverbially, as ronjoiiicd with the copulative : brute ami h\ abundantly able f, S. Perhaps from bread and A. Bor. berrj/, to beat, siu.G. baeria, Isl. beriii, id. <). " bruised bread." BREAK, s. A division of land in a farm, S. " Such farms as are divided into 3 inclosurcs, or, as they are commonly called, breaks., the tenant, by his lease, is bound, \inder a certain stipulated penal- ty, to plow one only of these at a time." P. Kil- ninninij, Ayrs. Statist. Ace. xi. 1.52. To BREAK, V. a. To disappoint, S. B. " Pse no break you, I shall not disappoint you," Shirr. Gl. Isl. bregd-u, frustrari aliquem, G. Audr. p. 34. Su.G. id. mutare ; fallere. BREAK (of a hill) s. A hollow in a hill, S. isl. breck-a, crcpido, declivitas. BREARDS, s.pl. The short flax recovered from the first tow, by ft second hackling. The tow, thrown off by this second hackling, is called backings. " To be sold, a large quantity of white and blue breards, fit for spinning yarn, 4 to 6 lib. ))er spindle." Edinburgh Kvcning Courant, Sept. 1. 1804. To BREAST, v. n. To spring up or forward ; a term applied to a horse, S. Thou never lap, and sten't, and /rreasl/l, Then stood to bla» ; But just thy step a wee thing haslit, Thou snoov't awa. Burn', iii. 144. From the action of the breast in tliis ell'ort. BREAST-WODDIE,j-. That part of the harness of a carriage-horse, which goes round the breast, S. B. " Sometimes the breast.zcoddies, an' sometimes the thcats brak." Journal from London, p. 5. V. llic- WlDDTE. BRECHAME, Breciiem, s. The collar of a working horse, S. — .4ne brecJiamc, and twa brochis fyne. — Baimati/iie Poems, p. 160. st. 8. " BarsJtfim, a horse collar. North." Gl. Grose. Buurghzcan is used iu the same .sense, A. Bor. ibid. ; also, " Braiichiii, a collar for a horse, made of old stockings stutl'ed with straw. Cumb." Ibid. " The straw brcchem is now supplanted by the leather collar." P. Alvah, Bantfs. Statist. Ace. iv. 395. V. Weassis. Your armour gudc ye mauna sliaw. Nor yet appear like men o' weir; As country lads be a' array'd, Wi' brauks and brnham on each mare. Minstrelsy Border, i. 170. Gael. Ir. braigh, the neck ; whence braighaidain, a collar. The last syllable has more resemblance of Tcut. humme, a collar. V. IIaims. BREDDIT,/.«r?. ' The durris an. One leg o»" a pair of brccclies, S. p/. I'r.cts, breUi, breeches. Iho »or.l is .i».a in the sin?, in a ,.rovorbial rhra^s the t.rici.. of wMch i- H>cril..-<1 to wliat was said l.v Archibald III., f-urlh Karl of J)o..s:las, after a batl'le, in whiili he had lieen Hotiuded in th:it (jliar- ter which iiiodol) vail'. " Whin after llie baltell every man was reckon. iiiK his wounds, and coniplailiini;, hec said at last when hee had hanl thcni all ; The,, siljull ^iiU Ihut h'lif a rhiii hniki: The speacli— is p.tbt into a proverb, which is used to dcsinne sucii as liavo some hidde and secret cause to coiiiidaine, and say but liltle." Hume's Hist. Dous;. p. 1*20. Than gaii thai bailli lor to thiiiW sehamc, And to be naikit tliocht defame; And maid thamc bnikis of k-iiis grcne. I^j/iiihui/'s Warkia, p. 26. Another throw the brciks him bair, Whill llallics to the ground he fell. )(icLj, Border, i. 118. This word occurs both in the Cothic and Celtic dialects. .Vnc. (loth, and Isl. brok ; A. S. braec, brer; ^a.G. brat'cKor; Wcm. pritali ; Arm. brag , ■ L'.W. bryrriiii; <}n\. brigif ; Ir. ^/•o«Jfe.^•. It was known to the Romans. Ovid insinuates that this was a Persian dress. llos (pioque, qui i;eniti Clraja, credunturab urbo, I'ro palria cultu Pcr.yiat bracat tegit. TlUST. V. From this dress, the Romans gave the name of (I'li/l/a brwcnin to one part of (laul ; berause, this iKii being used by themselves, th.y had for the tirsl time seen it there. This was the province otherwise called (.ulliii Surboncnsis, Cellar. (Jeog. L. '1. e. 2. It included Savoy, Daupliiue, Langucdoc, and Pro- cure. The origin of the word is obscure ; although Hochart and C. .Viidr. both derive it from Ileb. "]ll biirrmr, the knee; because the breeches worn by some nations reaehi-d no higher. It is singular, lh.it L) ndsay, in the passage quoted, u>es the same term for the (iproiri made by our coni- nion parents, which occurs in the A. S. I'entateuch, only as ciMijoined w itli zcfUil, a garment : Shcodon fti /,iil\ and i;orhloii him tcnedhrcc. (Icn. iii. 7. HRKKLLS, f. (>/■ Spectacles in general; but more strictly double-jointed spectacles ; Clydes. (ierm. brill, Su.(!. brillcr, id. oculi vitrei, L. 15. biritl-iis is used in the same sense. Various are the I iinj'rtiire A. S. brord. To Breer, Brere, Breard, v. n. To gertni- nate, to shoot forth from the earth ; applied especially to grain, S. Bierde, part. pa. Loth. brairded. The sulyc spied liir brade bosum on brede, Zeph) rus confortabill inspiratioun For tyll ressaue law in liir barme adoun : The cornis cropjjis, and the here new brcrdc^ Wyth gladesum garmont reuesting the erd. Doiis;. Virgil, 400. 27. — Whuddin hares, 'mang bruirUit corn, At ilka sound are startin. Rev. J. N/coTs Poems, ii. 1. Breirding, J-. Germination; used metaph. in relation to divine truth. " I find a little breirding of God's seed in this town, for the which the Doctors have told me their mind, that they cannot hear with it." Rutherford's Lett. P. I. ep. 73. BREESSIL, s. The act of coming on in a hur- ry, Fife. This is immediately allied to A. S. bru^tl, crepitus, strepitus, fiactio, fractura, arsio, " cracking or crackling; also, burning ;" Somn. Brastl-iaii, cre- pitare, strepere ; to crack, to crackle, to make a noise; — to burn ; ibid. These terms have been pri- marily used to denote the noise made by fire. There can be no doubt .as to their alVinity to Isl. brjjs, ar. dens calor. The Isl. v. corresponds exactly to our word : bri/ss.a, fervidc aggredi ; G. Andr. p. 36. BREGER, J-. One given to broils and blood- shed. Sir men than, ye ken than, Aniangs our selfs wc se, As bregers and tygers, Delyts in bind to be. iliircl's Pilg. IValson-s Coll. li. 46. I B R E 13 It r. This at first view might seem to be niertly a corr. of E. braggart. I5ut it is from Fr. briguer, " a quarrelsome, coiiti'utious or litii^ious person ; iised also as brigand,^'' Cotgr. ; both boiiij^ from brigitc, contention. Chaucer uses brige in tlie latter sense. The origin is most probably Su.G. br/gd-a. V. Biu:r, .f. 2. BREHON, f. A hereditary judge. '• The llrchons were, in North Britain and Ire- land, the judges apiioinfed by authority to determine, on stated times, all the controversies which liappen- cJ within their respective districts. Their courts were usually held on the side of a hill, where they were seated on green banks of earth. The hills were called muic-hills. — The oilice belonged to certain families, and was transmitted, like every other inhe- ritance, from father to son. Their stated sahiries were farms of considerable value. By the Brchon law, even the most atrocious ortenders were not punished with death, imprisonment or exile; but were obliged to i)ay a fine called Rrk. The eleventh, or twelfth part of this fine fell to the judge's share : the remainder belonged [)artly to the Ring or Supe- rior of the land, and partly to the person injured ; or if killed, to his relations." I)r Macpherson's Critical Dissertations, 1). 13. After Scotland had been overrun by Edward I., in (he regulations made for the government of the country, it was ordained that " the custom of the Scotf and lircfs should, for the future, be prohibited, and be no longer practised." Kyle} . p. :">00. This lias been understood,' as if it denoted a total abroga- tion of the Scottish laws and customs. But Jjord Ilailes views the usage of the Scots and Brets as .something entirely distinct from the laws of the land. " We know from our statute-book," he saj s, " that the people of Galloway had certain usages peculiar to them, Stat. Alexander II. c. 'i. One was, that causes among them were tried without juries. Quon. Attach, c. 72. 73. and this may probably have been the usage which Edward abolished. The jieople of Galloway were sometimes distinguished by the name of Scots : thus, the ici/d Scot of Galloicuif is an ex- pression to be found in ancient instruments, and is proverbial even in our days. The usage of the Brets I take to be what relates to the judge called Briihihh or Brehon ; in Ireland, Brchan ; and consequently, that the thing here abolished was the commutation of punishments, hy exacting a pecuniary mulct." Annals, 1. '286. V. also 2. Statutes Rob. I. c. 56. This learned writer is certainly in a mistake, how- ever, when he supposes that the Brehons were the same with the llrcts. The latter are evidently men. tioned as a people, equally with the Scots. " The custom of the.Vco/,v and J udges,'' wolild form a harsh connexion. I5y the Scots may be here meant the wild Scots, or the descendants" of the Irish, in the AVcstern parts of Cialloway. The Brets are certain- ly Britons; those most probably, who inhabited Strat-clj/de, and who seem to have retained customs peculiar to themselves, even after the dissolution of their kingdom. \^ Pinkerton's Enquiry, I. 80. SI. ; where it appears incontestibly proved, that this name was given to the Britons or Welsh. AVith respect to the term Brehon; as Ir, breathav, breitrit-tiv, sliil signifies a judge, C. B. braudur Lai the same meaning. Bullet sup])oses that Urcih has been used in tlii» sense by the ancient Gauls; whence I'crgubrct, the name of the supreme ma.;istraie among them. The Acdui\ a nation of Gauls, whose chief city was Augustodunuin, now Autuii (^Cellarii Geog. I. 171. 172.) gave this name to their chief magistrate, Divitiaciis et Lasco summo magistratii praecrant. I'ergobretiiin appellant Aedui, qui crca- tur aniiuus, ct vitae necisque habet poteblalem. Cai'sar. Bell. (iall. Lib. 1. Dii Cange observes, that to this day the supreme magistrate of Autun is called I icrg. Schilter, giving a Germ, etymon, sup- poses that this word is comi)oscd of :ierb worlv, and brtt illustrious. Bochart still more wildly de- rives it from the two Syriac words, Farga change, and y}tf;7//« supreme governor; because this Verge- bret, although the first magistrate, was subject to change. De Colon. I'heiiic. p. 79. Wachter views it as formed of the old British z-cr a man, and eyfruith law, q. one who legally settles all dill'erences. But it seems to be merely the man zcho judges ; as in Ir, Fear go fra/th literally bears this meaning ; Biblioth. Anglic. Tom. XV. Bar. I. p. 412. referred to by Wachter. Or the word may be thus formed ; Fear, a man, go a conjunctive particle, and breath judg- ment, (to, liowever, may here be the preposition signifying to, as it is commonly used. Thus it is, the mail appointed for j'ldgme nt . Since collecting the preceding materials on this article, 1 have observed that Sir James Ware gives an account of the Brehons, substantially the same with that given by ])r .Macpliersou. But as the Irish antiquary is more circumstantial than the Scot- tish, as he had better opportunities of investigation, and as at best our sources of information on (l.o sub- ject are very limited ; some extracts from \\ are may be acceptable to the reader. "• The Dynast, or Chieflane," he says, " had certain judges under him called Brehons. who at stated tiuies sat in the open air, generally upon some hill, on a bench raised with green sods, where they distributed justice to the neighbours, who |)leaded their causes before them. These Judges were nn. skilled in the English Laws; but « hen any matter was debated before them, they directed their judg- ment i)artly by principles drawn from the Civil and Canon laws, and partly by prescriptions and customs in use among the Irish. And as the Dynast had Bre- hons, who were always of one sept or family, so he had also Historians, Physicians, Surgeons, Poets and Harpers of other septs, to every one of whom parti- cular lands were allotted for their sujiport.— The Brehons were divided into several tribes, and the of- fice was liereditary : yet their law s w ere wrapt up in an obscure language, intelligible only to those who studied in their schools, in order to succeed the fami- ly Brchon. The eleventh part of the matter in de- mand was the Brehon's fee, and the loser paid no costs. The Irish historians mention the Mac-Kieg- ans, 0-l)eorans, 0-Brislans, and Mac-Tholics, as Brehons. " — By the Brehon laws, murders, rapes and theft were punished by a fine called Eric, which was rais- ed out of the substance of the delinquent: or fo-r R R E n.iiil of ehat, out of the t.rritory where tlu- ofTciicc »as coinniill.'.l. — As mimUr was puiiisli.a i>y a» llrkk, so a liaro atli-mi't U, lommit it, (lioiisli im^uc- .•.•s«ftil, wa- Mil)jtrt l<» till- like line.— Tlii'i l:'W «' KWt/l- i» said lo have Ikbu iiirrodiKca by Fedlininl, surnainiHl Itimhliiir, or (In- LaM-civor, i-o called from hit Br«a« larc in iiiakiiiu Kood laws, (however the preieiit law may b^> considered) and seeing ehem exactly observed. ' Me befian his rei^rn .V. J-). 164, and died in 17.J. Before the reign of this moiiardi, the la-v of relalialion prevailed in Ireland, viz. '• au vyc for an eye. and a tootii for a tooth." But ho changed it into this milder punishment of the Erick or hue, in proportion lo the (juality of the of- fenci'. — •» It is not to be denied lliat the Mni^lish laws and rustoins were inlrodueed into Ireland at the very lirst arrival of the Hiifjlish there in the rei^n of King Hen- ry II., and that they were afterwards more lirmly psiabllshed by Kiiij; John, and deposited under his seal in the Kxthcquer at Dublin ; but it is manifest that for many centuries after that period they did not extend their force and eliicacy further than to the countries in |)osscssion of the English. For in the other parts of Ireland, the law of Tanhliij remained ill its full vigour, together with the liifhon-lux^i and that of Gavelkind; which laws and customs by do- nees also cre|)t in among some of the English, even among those of better note, as appears by a statute made in a Parliament held at Kilkenny in the 40th year of Fdward 111., under the government of Lionel Duke of Clarence, Lord Lieutenant of Ire. land ; by which the Knglish are commanded in all controversies to govern themselves by the common laws of Kngland, and whoever submitted himself to the /i;i7iMH-/rt;,-, or to the law of the Marches, is declared a traitor. Yet notwiihstaiuling that act, those lri^h laws and customs were afterwards here and there received by many of the Knglish ; nor were the Knglish laws universally acknowledged and submitted lo through all Ireland until the final settle- ment made in the reign of King James I. " In the Depositions of witnesses examined before the Lord Deputy and Council at Limerick, A. 36. lien. 8., in jiroof of the marriage of the Earl of Clanrickaird to Grany O-Kerwill, one of the wit- nesses is stiled Hugh Mac-Donnell, Mac-Kgan, Bre- lion of Cloghketinge in Orniond: and among the ar- ticles made with the I'.arl of Desmond, (A. 6° Kliz.) one is, '• that the lirchun laws, according to the .\rt of Parliament therein provided, be abolished in all the shires under the j\irisdiction of the Karl." Thi' etymon of the term here given, is the same with that already suggested. •• lirchun or Brvathau in Irish signilies a judge, from ii;va/>« /"•//«, supercilia deniitterc, torve as- pirere. Ol. I.ex. liun., " to let down the brow s," S. The Isl. word l>niii. .supereiliuin, in.ikcs a cons|)i- fiious ligure in a passage, in which we have an amus- ing; picture of the manners of the tenth century, and at the same time a ludicrous description of a .siiii;ular character, it is that of Fssill an Icelandic warrior, who, with his brother Thorolf, and the sol- diers under tlieni, acted as auxiliaries to Alhelstan, king of Kngland, in his war against the ncoIs, A. 937. Kgill is reprcsi'nicd as returning from (he in. terincnt of his brother Thorolf, who had fallen in battle. " Kgill, with his band, betook himself to King Athelstan, and ap;)roaclu-d him seated amidst joy- ous acclamations. The Kina;, observing Kgill enter, ordered a lower bench to be emptiid for his (roop, and pointed out a distinguished seat for Kgill him- self, directly opposite to the throne. Kgill. seating himself there, threw his shield at his feet, and bear- ing his helmet on his head, having placed his sword on his Knees, he drew it half out of its scabbard, and then thrust it back again, lie sat erect, with a stern aspect. Kgill's face was large, his brow broad ; lie had large cye-hrows, ( hntnumikiU) ; his nose ^^a^ not long, but abundantly thick ; (gnintaedir), the seat of his gntnijir, the circuit of his lips was broad and long ; his chin and cheeks were wonder- fully broad ; his neck was gross ; his shoulders sur- passed the common size ; his countenance was stern and grim, when he was enraged. Jle was other- wise of great stature ; he had thick bushy hair of the colour of a wolf, and was prcmafurely bald. " When he had seated himself, as has been already mentioned, he drew down the one eve-brow on his cheek, and at the same time raised the other to the region of his forehead and of his hair. I'.gill was black-eyed, and had dun eyebrows, lie would not taste drink, although it was presented to him : but alterniti'ly raised and let fall (btiiin bninuniim ) his eyebrows. King .Vthelslan, seated on his throne, also placed his sword on his knees. When they had sat thus for some time, the king drew his sw ord out of lis scabbard, placed on the point of it a large and valuable ring of gold, w hich, rising from his throne and stepping forward on the pavement, he reached o»er the lire to Kgill. He, rising, received the ring on the point of his sword, and drew it to him. He th,n returned to his place. The king seated himself a;;ain on lii« tlirone. Kgill, placed hejow, put the biacelei on his arm ; and his ci/e. hini;.K returned to their proper station. Laying down his sword with his helmet, he received tlie horn pre^ented to him, and drunk. Then he sung • ' The death of the destroyer of hooked breast! * plates, made mc let fall uiy cjebroicn 1 cau now B R E ' carry on my sword the jewel I received from a ' hero, as my reward ; which is no mean praise.' " From this time forward Kgill drunk his share, and conversed with those w ho were near him. Then the king caused two chests to be brought in, each of them full of silver, and carried by two men. Ho said ; ' Iv'ill, receive these chests ; and if thou return to Iceland, bear this money to thy father, which I send to him as a compensation for the loss of his son. Part of it, however, thou inayest divtribute among thy own and Thorolf's nearest kinsmen, whom thou boldest most dear. But thou thyself shalt receive with me compensation for the loss of thy brother, either in lands or moveables, according to thy choice. If it be thy inclination to remain with me, I shall give thee what honour or dignity thou shalt please to ask.' Egill, receiving the money, thanked the king for his gifts and gracious promises : and brightening up, he thus sung : <■ Grief made me let fall my eijebroios. But now I have found him who can smooth all these asjieri- ties. My eijehrozos have been quickly raised by the king.' Kgill Skallagrim Sag. ap. Johnst. Antiq. Celto-Scand. p. bt^bX. BRENT-NEW, quite new. V. Brand-new. BRERD, s. For ony trcty may tyd, I tell the the teynd, 1 will noght turn myn entent, for all this warld bi crd : Or I pair of pris anc penny worth in this place, For besandis or beryell. I knaw my aune qnaricU. I dreid not the pereill, To dee in this cace. Gawan and Got. iv. 7. lircrd may here denote produce in a general sense, from A. S. brord, spica. V^. Bheer. But perhaps it is rather brerd, which Lye renders sum- mum ; as signifying the whole substance on the sur- face of the earth. To BRERE, V. 77. To germinate. V. Breer. BRESCHE, s. An attack. " Bot be ressonn the wall was eirthc, — the brei -he was not maid so grit npoun the day, bot Ihat it was sutruiendy repaired in the night; quhareof the In. glische men begyning to weary, determinate to give the hrc-che and assault, as that thay did upon the 7th of JNIay 1360, beginning befoir the day.licht, and continewing (ill it was neir sevin hours." — Knox's Hist., p. 226. In Loud. ed. it is breach, p. 216, understood in the same sense with brcich in the second line pre- ceding. In MS. II. in both places it is breache. But in MS. I. brek is used to denote the breach made in the wall, while the other phrase is " bruiche and assault." As in the latter, which is the most correct of the two MSS. the orthography is so dilferent from that of the preceding word, and as the brc(uh was pre. viously made ; it seems to denote the act of storm- ing the breach, as synon. with assault. Su.CJ. bru^k.a, sonitum edere, tumultum excitare denotat, a eimplici brayk, sonitus ; Ihre. It may, howcrer, be originally the same with Brash, q. v. B R E B R I BRESS, pi. Bristles. As hr\ Maitland Pociiis, p. 48. BRESSIE, s. A fish, supposed to be the Wrasse, or Old Wife, Labrus Tinea, Liiin. " Turdus vulgatissimus VVillouj;hbaci ; I take it to be tlie same our fishers call a Ui est^ie, afoot long, swine-headed, and inonthid and backed ; broad- bodied, very fat, eatable." Sibb. I>"ife, 1'28. '■Se- veral of them are occasionally caiiijht in the Frith of Forth, and are called by our lishers by the ge- ucral name of Sea Strine." Ibid. N. If Sir R. Sibbald's eonjectinv be well-founded, the S name may be radically the same with E. BREST, pa>-t. pa. Forcibly removed ; or as de- noting the act of breaking away with violence ; for burst. With the cloudis, heuynnys, son anddayis lycht Hid and bresf oni of the Troianis sycht ; Derknes as nycht beset the see about. Dung. I'rrgil, 15. 46. V. Brist. Brestc, to burst. Chaucer. BRETH, s. I see by my shaddow, my sha[) has the ivyte. Quhame sail 1 bleme in this brelh, a besum that I be Uuulatc, i. 0. MS. This seems to signify rage : as the same with berth, used by W'yntoMU ; and more nearly re- sembling Su.C;. Isl. hracde, praoeeps ira, furor. This is probably allied to braad-a, accelcrarc. BRETHIR, Brether, s. pi. Brethren. " Thir two brcthir herand the dcsyris of the am- bassafoiiris, *ukc wageis, and come in Britain with X. thousand well excrcit and vailyeant men." Bel- lend. Cron. B. viii. c. 10. Wyn'own, id. " Let courtiers first serve (rod, and syne their jirince ; and do (o their neighhours and hie/her as they wou'd be done withal." Pifscottle, p. 143. The word is used by U. Brunne, p. 95. Malde's bicthcr thei war, of Margretc doubter born. " Brecther, brothers;" Gl. I^ncash. Isl. and Sw. broeder, brethren. The A. S. pi. is formed differently, gebrothru. BRETS, s. pi. The name given to the Welch, or ancient Britons., in general ; also, to those of Strat-clyde, as distinguished from the Scots and Picts. Lord Ilailes refers to " the law of the Scots and Uce/v," as mentioned in an instrument, A. 1301. V. BUEHO.V. W) ntown seems to use Brcttjjs as an adj. signi- fying the British. Of langagis in Bretayne sere 1 fynd that sum tyra fyf thare were : Of Bretti/s fyrst, and Inglis syne, Peycht, and Scot, and sync Latyne. Cron. i. 13. 4U V. B.iRTANE. BRETTYS, s^ A fortification. Thai-^schnpe Ihame stowtly in all hy Pypys and townnys for to ta. And dwris and wyndowys gret alsua, To niak defens and bretfi/s. fVijntozcii, viii. "26. 233. L. B. brefdchiae, bertesca, briitesche, berteschn, bcrtresca, bertrcsclia, bresteych/a, breteichia, bri- teschia, baldrerchae, ba!ire.\cluu brisegae, bri'te_:!;its. For it bccurs in all these forms. It properly de- notes wooden towers or castles : liretarhiac , cas- tella lignea, quibus castra et oppida mnuiebantur, Gallis Bretesque, iireteqiie, brete lies ; Dn C'ange. Fabricavit Brcituchias dajjlices per 7 loca, castellii videlicet lignea munitissima, a se proporlionalittrdis- tantia, eircumdata fossis duplicibus, pontibns versa, tilibus interjectis. Guill. Arnioricus dc Gestis Phil, ippi Ang. A. 1'20'2. Ibid. — Brisegac castellaque lignea surgunt. Willelm. Ihito, Philipp. lib. 4. v. 186. Bristegns, Spelm. vo. lliirdUius. This term may perhaps be radically allied to Sn.G. brijt-a^ to contend, to make war. We may add, that Germ, pritsche is expl. : Omnis suggestus ex as- seribus ; Wachter. It has a common origin with B\UT1ZAN, q. T. To BREVE, V. a. To write. V. Breif. BREW, s. Broth, soup. V. Bree. BREW-CREESH, s. A term expressive of a duty paid to a landholder or superior, which occurs in old law-deeds. It is still used, Aberd. Sonietiines it is called Brciu-talloiv. This seems to refer to a tax jjaid for the liberty of brczcing. That such a tax was exacted in boroughs, appears from the following statute: " Ane Browster qnha brewes aill all the yeare, sail pay to the Provest fonre pennies ; and for ane halfe yeare twa pennies : and he may brew thrie times payatMl na dewtie. And for thefourt brozcest, he sail giue the dewtie of ane halfe yeare, and na mair (quhithcr he be man or zcomaiij.^^ Burrow Lawes, c. 39. BRIBOUR, Brybour, s. Ane curlorous colic, tliat hego.skraper, He sittis at hame ((uhcn that tliay baik. That peddcr bri/boitr, that schcip-keipar, He tcllis thame ilk ane caik by caik. Bunnuttjne Poems, p. 171. St. 7. This word is not expl. by Lord Hailes. ]\Ir Pin. kerfon has observed, that it signifies a thief, N. Maitl. P. p. 536. He refers to Tyrwhitt's Gl.. Tyrwhift however does not speak with certainty. " In Pierce Plough. ]). 115. b. a bribour seems to signify a thief; as bribors, pilars, and pi/a-harneis, are classed together ; and still more closely in Lydo- Trag. 152. " Who saveth a thefe, whan the rope is knet, With some false turne the bribour will him quite." He also refers to the passage under consideratioa in Dann. P. But this is not the original sense of the word. It is from Fr. bribeur, " a beggar, a scrap-cravcr; al- so, a greedy devourer;" briber, to bc^ ; and this from bribe, a lump of bread given to a beggar j Cotgr. Briba, Ane. JISS. Bullet; from C. B.. Irixe^ brib, a morsel, a fragment ; Ilisp. brivar, bri.^ Y2 B R I tar, a b«ggar, because one gitcs a morsel to a bog. gar. It arems to be here used rather in this sense, as correspoiidin); more closely with the character of a nmcr ; e>i)ociall)' as there is iiulhiiig else in the staii- ta that implies absolute dishoiusl y. And as used by Dunbar in his FlyHng, it conveys no worse idea. Kr&ch brybour baird, ryie beggar with thy brats. — Evergreen., ii. 50. Uri/boiir and beggar arc undoubtedly synon. He calls Kennedy a biijcar. because a bard ; alluding io the lircuinstance of bards receiving their support from llieboMnt) of others. V. llEGE-SKnAPKii. BRICHT, Brvciit, a young woman, strictly as conveying the idea of beauty. Wallace liyr saw, as lie his eync can cast, The prent oil lulf hiui punycil at the last, So ajiprely, ihrouch bew !('• oflthat brj/chl, With gret wness in pn-soiue bid ho niyclit. n'lil/wc, V. 607. IMS. Wi- might view this as the same with A. S. bri/f, a u) ni))h ; did it not serm, from analogy, to be mere- ly a poetical use of the adj. bright ; in the same manner as ancient writers usetl/rc, clerc, &c. Gild- li/e occurs in a similar sense, in the same poem. Than kissit he this giid/j/e with picsancc, Syue hyr besocht rycht hartly of qucntance. Ibiil. v. 671. MS. I need scarcely observe that fuir in modern E. is used in the same manner. V^. Krely. BRID, Bridde, s. a bird, a pullet. The King to .-ou|)er is set, served in hallo, — liriddes branden, and brad, in bankers bright. Sir Gaxcan and Sir Gal. ii. 1. A. S. brid is used for chicken, as also S. bard. Branden and brad seem strictly to have the same meaning, liranden may be the part. prcf. of A. S. brinn-aii, urcre. The terms, however, may here be used differently ; as denoting (hat pullets were served up, dressed both on the grid-iron, and on the spit. V. Bride, v., and Bird. BKIDLANB, part. fir(. The fiend was fow At banquet bridland at the bcir. fFrt/jo;i'i Coll. iii. 8. This is some of Pohvart's doggerel ; which has no other claim to attention, than the use of a variety of old words that do not occur elsewhere. The only conjecture I can form as to this word, is that it is derived from bridal, q. bridalling, drink- ing as freely as men do at a bridal. BRIG, Breg, Bryg, /. A bridge, S. A. Bor. Lancash. C^orspatryk raiss, the keyis weile ho knew, Lfit briggis doun, and portculess that drew. fVallacc, i. 90. MS. The brig was doun that tlic entre suld keipe. Ibid. iv. 226. MS. .^eho liel|)cd him opon his hors ryg, And sonc thai come until a bryg. ye-j:aine, Rilson's E. .M. R. i. 77. .V.S. ijiVf, brigge, Su.G. brijgga, Bt Ig. brag. Warhter mentions briga a.s a Celtic word, which in . omposition signifies a bridge; as Cutobriga, pons B R I miliiarls; S'awtf/'oftnga, the bridge of Samara. But, 1 suspect, he has mistaken the sense of briga. Ihrc views brjjggu as a diminutive from bro, anc. bra, which has the same meaning. BRIGANKR, s. pi. A robber, S. B. " 1 did na care to stilp upo' my quoets, for fear o' the briguners." — Journal from London, p. 6. This is evidently from brigand. V. Bit vymex. BRYLIES, J. />/. Bearberries. V. Brawlins. BRIM, Brym, Breme, adj. i. Raging, swell- ing ; applied to the sea. " The yeir of God i. m. iiii. c. Ixxxvi. yeris, cer. taine marchaiidis wer passand bctiiix Forth Sc Flan- dcris (quhen hastclio come sic ane thud of wynd) that sail, mast and taikillis wer blawin in the brjjm seis, throw quhilk the schip belcuit nocht bot sicker doith." Bellond. Cron. B. viii. c. 20. Tumenles undas, Booth. Rudd. adopts the derivation of Skinner, from A. S. br))n, ardor. But Isl. brim, the raging of the sea, seems to give the original idea, which is here preserved by Bellenden. The Isl. word is thus de- fined ; Aestus maris, vehementibus procellis littus verberans ; Olai Lex. Run. Brimsamt, acstuans, brimreid, aestuarium ; Verel. Allied to these are A.S. brim, brym, salura, aequor, mare, the sea; brijmmas sacs, the friths of the sea ; and brim.Jlod, a deluge or inundation. This word bears consider- able resemblance to Gr. fi^ifc-a, ji^ifi-utitxt, frcmoj as well as to Su.G. brumm-a, id. 2. Fierce, violent. '•' With bri/m furie thay followit sa fast on thir Pychtis, that thay war baith taikin and cruelly put to deid." Bcllcnd. Cron. B. viii. c. 7. And mony a ane may mourn for ay The brim battil of the Harlaw. Evergreen, i. 90. 3. Stern, rugged; applied to the countenance. Bot this sorroufull boteman wyfh bryme luke, Now thir, now thame within his woschell tuke. Doug. Virgil, 174. 20. 4. Denoting a great degree either of heat or of cold. Vulcanis oistis oi brym flambis rede Sprcdand on bred, vpblesis eucry stede. Ibid. 330. 48. Tirym blastis of the northyn art Oucrqululuiyt had Neptunus in his cart. Ibid. 200. 20. Thus, " a brim frost," is still a common phrase for a severe frost, S. B. Brim, s. A cant term for a trull, Loth. The late ingenious and learnes made to (lif Nifgin Mary. To RRIZE, V. (I. To bniise. V. Birse. BROAD-BAND. V. Braid-band. To BKOCHE, V. a. Tn prick, to pierce. Tliir kn\ rhliN rydis, Wyih spurris brochciiiid ihi' foniy stcdis sydis. Doug, rirgily 197. If). This is cTidcnlly the sauie with 1".. broach, al- though u»cd in a penlliar sense. As (he word is of Fr. origin, this is a Fr. idiom. Bruchir un cluviil, to spur a horse, properly to strike him hard with thespnrs. V. C'otgr. Hence, Broche, /. 1. A spit. Aue Duergh braydit about, bcsily and bane, Small birdis on Lrochc, be ane brigh fyre. Guican and Got. i. 7. 2. " A narrow piece of wood or metal to sujiport the stomacher," Gl. Sibb. 3. A wooden pin on whicli yarn is wound, S. " Tlie women call that a brooch (rather brock-) on whicli they wind tlicir yarn," Gl. Rudd. llir womanly handis nowlliir rok of tre, Ne spyndil vsit, nor brochis of Mincrve, . Quhilk in tlic craft of clailh makyng duis serve. Doug. Virgil, '237. b. 18. "also, 293. 40. This word is evidently the same with Fr. brochc, a spit. Uu C'ange views this as derived from, or at least as the same w ith, L. B. broccae, brochae, wood, en needles, a term used in the twelfth century. Arm. brochen signifies a spit ; from broch-a, to pierce, transtigere. Lye, Add. Jun. Ktym. vo. flr<)«<7i. BROCHAN, s. (g\itt.) Oat-meal boiled to a consistence somewhat thicker than gruel, S. It differs from crowelie, as this is oat-meal stirred in cold water. Urochan is much used in the Highlands and Ulands, both as meat and as medicine. " When the cough alVects them, they drink brorli- an plentifully ; which is oat-meal and water boiled together, to which they sometimes add butter." Martin's West. Isl. p. l-J. " O'er mickle cookery spills the bracUan;" Ram- gay's S. FroT. p. 57. Leg. bruchan. Iiratf^h\-luim, Laneash., is probably allied : " a dish made of cheese, e(;gs, bread, and butter, boiled together." Gl. (irose. Go«;l. bruclutn, potiagc, also, gruel: C. B. 6/m- htiu, a sort of tliiininery. BROCHE, Bruxhe, Broach, f. i. A chain of gold, a sort of bulla, or ornament worn on the breast. The brurhe of gold, or chenc loupit in ringis About thare hals doun to thare breislis hiu'Ms. Dmig. Virgil, UG. 'il. . It perlore summo Flexilii obturli per colUim circulns auri. Yirg. V. 558. B R O It is also applied to the ornament put on a horse's chest. For eui'ry Troianc iierordour thare the Kyng With purpovir houssouris bad ane cursoure bryng, Thare brusit trappouris and patrcllis reddy bouii, A\'ith goldin bruchis hang from thare breistis doun. Ibid. 216. 25. 2. A fibula, a clasp, a breast-pin, S. Large brochc> of silver, of a circular form, and often nicely embossed, are worn by the belter sort of Highlanders, for fastening their nlaids before. "•' M'Dougal of Lorn had nearly niadi him [K. Hob. Bruci] prisoner. It is said thai the silver broach wliich fastened his |)laiil was left on the Ik'ld, and is in the possession of a descendeni of M'Dou- gal's." Muses 'I'hrenodie, Note, p. 58. This word occurs in R. Glouc. p. 189. Vor broche.y, & ringis, & yimnies al so ; And the calls of the w ewed me ssolde thcr to. i. e. For paying the ransom of Richard I. broches, rings, gems, and even the chalice of the altar were sold. Hcarne has not rightly understood the term. For he renders it, " very line and beautiful pyra- mids of gold," Gl. The word is used by Chaucer. And eke a brochc (and that was little need) That Troilus' was, she gave to Diomede. Troilua and Creseidc. Tyrwhitt saj s that this " seems to have signified originally the tongue of a buckle or clasp, and from thence the buckle or clasp itself." Here he appa- rently refers to Fr. broche, a spit, as the origin. But Isl. br-afz iigmiiesjibiila, Su.G. braz, from Isl, brus-a, to fasten together. Teut. i/o/ce, broocke, 6/"e?(c/ve, bulla, torques, monilc; which Kilian de. rives from brock-en, broock-en, pandare, incurvare. Gael. Iroisidc, a clasp ; broisdc, a brooch, Shaw. It seems doubtful, however, whether these words may not have been introduced into the Gael, from some Goth, dialect; as both appear to be unknown to the Ir. Neither Lhuyd nor Obrien mention *hem. Lliuyd, indeed, when giving the dili'erent Ir. terms signifying fibuln, inserts in a parenthesis (Scot. brast )■ He seems to mean the Scottish dialect of the Irish, or what is commonly called Gaelic. To BROCK. V. Brok. BROCKED, Broakit, adj. Variegated, having a mixture of black and white, S. A cow is- said to be broakit, that has black spots or streaks, mingled witii white, in her face, S. B. " The greatest part of them [sheep] are of the Galloway breed, having black or bracked faces, and their wool is coarse." P. Kdderachj lis, Sutherl. Statist. Ace. vi. 'iS5. V. Bu.vnded. This seems the meaning of the term, as applied to oafs, S. B. " Some brocked, but little, if any, small oats are now raised." P. Rathen, Abeid. Statist. Ace. vi. 17. Su.G. brokug, brokig, party-coloured ; Ir. breachy speckled; Gael, brucach, speckled in the face, Shaw. BROCKLIE, adj. Brittle. V. Broukyi.l. BROD, J-. A board, any flat piece of wood, a lid, S. A. Bor. breid^ a shelf or board, Ray.. B R O B R O Isl. broth, A. S. Lraccl, bred, id. According to Junius, E. board is, by metathesis, from broad, latiis. ToBROD,-j.rt. 1. To prick, to job; to spur, S. W) th irno graith we ar boiin, And passaiid by the plewis, for gad«andis Broddis the oxin with spcris in our handis. Doug. Virgil, 299. 26. " I may be comparit to the dul asse in sa far as I am compellit to bayr ane importabil byrdyng, for I am dung and brodilit to gar me do & to thole the thing that is abiiif my poucr." Compl. S. p. 190. It is used, rather in a ncut. sense, in a beautiful address to the Nightingale, extracted from Montgo- raerie's MS. Poems. Yit thoght thou seis not, slllie saikk-s thing! The peircing pykis brod at thy bony brcist. Even so am I by plesur lykwyis i)reist, lu gritest danger quhair i most dclyte. Cliroii. S. P. iii. 495. It occurs in Sir Cauline, a tale most probably of the North countrcc. Upon i'.ldrige hill there groweth a thornc, Upon the mores brodingc. Penj/'s Relt'qties, i. 35. " Prickling," Gl. 2. To pierce, used metaph., S. llis words they brodit like a wuniil, Frae ear to ear. Fergussoti's Poems, ii. 82. 3. To incite, to stimulate ; applied to the mind. How oft rehersis Aiistyne, cheif of cUrkis, In his grete volume Of the ciete of Gud, Ilundreth versis of Virgil, quhilkis he markis Aganis Romanis, to vertew thame to brod. Doug. I'irgil, 159. 22. This Rudd. derives from A. S. brord, punctus. But it is more immediately allied to Su.G. brodd, id. cuspis, aculeus ; Isl. brodd, the point of an arrow ; sometimes the arrow itself, a javelin, any pointed piece of iron or steel; hrijdd-a, pungere ; hriddc, cuspidem acuo, et apto, G. Andr. p. 37. brodd-geir, pointed arms, Verel. Ir. bruid, pricked or pointed ; Ir. (iael. brod-um, to spur., to stimulate; Arm. brut^ Ir. brod, a goad-prick, a sting. Brod, Brode, s. l. A sharp-pointed instru- ment; as the goad used to drive oxen forward, S. Bot gyve a man wald in thame thryst A scharpe brode, or than wald styke In-to thai sergis a scharpe prijke, Qtihare the ayre mycht hawe entre ; Swa slokynyil mycht thai lychtis be. IVj^ntoziii, Ti. 14. 71. Hence the S. Prov. " Fling at the brod was ne'er a good ox." Kelly, p. 107. He properly exjdains it, " goad." In this sense the term is still used by old people. In the same sense it is said; " He was never a good aver, that thing at the brod ;" S. Prov. Spo- ken of them who s;.urn at reproof, or correction, whom Solomon calls brutish;" Kelly, p. 168. Also ; " It is hard to sing at the brod, or kick at the prick;" Ferguson's S. Prov. p. 21. The sense seems to Teqairejiing, instead of sing. 2. A stroke with any sharp-pointed instrument, S. " Ane ox that repungnis the brod of liis hird, he gcttis doubil broddis, & he that misjirisis the correc- tione of his preceptor, his correctione is changit ia rigorus pnnitione." Com|)l. S. p. 43. 3. An incitement, instigation. In this sense it is a|)plied to the Cumaean Sibyl. On sic wyse Apollo hir refrcnis, Bridellis hir sprete, and as him lest constrenis. From hyr hart his feirs brod withdrawyng. Doug. Virgil, 166. 22. Stimulus, Virg. " I am scho that slew kyng Fergus with my cursit handis this last nycht be imjiacience of ire & lust, quhilkis ar two maist sorrowful broddis ainang we- men." Bellend. Chron. B. ix. c. 29. Amaris. simis stimnlis, Boeth. V. the v. Broddit staff, " a staff with a sharp point at the extremity," Gl. Sibb. Also called z pike- staff, S. This is the same with hroggit-staff. V. Brog. BRODYRE, Brodir, s. A brother; pi. bredivy hredyre. Iny's brodyrc Inglis gat. IVijntoicn, ii. 10. 72. This Brennyus and Belyne Bredi/re ware Ibid. iv. 9. 20. Isl. brodur, pi. breeder, Brodir-dochter, s. a niece, S. Fra hys brudijre doxcchtris away All thare herytage than tuk he. Wyntoicn, viii. 28. 36. Brodtr-son or brother-son, and j/.t/er-vo;;, arc used in the same manner ; and brothcr-bairn for cousin, S. Nevw for til have wndon, Is nowthir brodtjr na sj/tcr sone. Ibid. viii. 3. 112. Edgarc hys brodijr swtie for-thi Tuk this Donald dysiiytwsly, And hard demaynyd his persown. Ibid. 6. 72. Modi/r fadijr, grandfather by the mother's side. That schyr Jhon Gumyn btfor thane. That hyr mudi/rfadj/r wcs, It awcht, and sync he deyd swnles. Ibid. 6. 297. — Ti! succede in-t!l his sted, Noiicht brcdyr, na bredi/r barnys ar, Bot in thare greis ar ferrare. Ibid. 4- 47. This is certainly a Sw. idiom. Bror dottcr, niece; brorson, nephew : brorsbarn, the children of a Iiro. ther ; bror, contr. from brorder ; moderfuder, contr. morjader, grandfather by the mother's side ; Wideg. BROD MALE, Brodmell. This has been ge- nerally explained, as by Rudd., " brood, off- spring." — Vnder ane aik fyndis into that stede Ane grete sow ferryit of grises thretty hede, Liggmg on the ground milk quhite, al quhite brod male. About hir pappis soukand. — Doug, Virgil, 81. 16. n R o II tr (|ul)>lc broilmr/l ahoul lijr pappis wound. /i/./. 241. 11. 1 luTc mit with nothing, in any cljniologiral work, ihal tends to tlucidatc (he meaning, or diruct to the origin, of this word. Brod male being used by Diug. for translating nali ; at first Tiew, the term might seem to denote "• male offspring," as if all the thirty grhes had been boar.pigs. But I susiHTt that it rather sijnitics, " brought forth or littered at one time." from A. S. broj, proles, irucl- i>f, iniubans, I'cui. brod.cn, incubare ; and A. S. Teut. inafl, terapus ; or O. Germ, mael, censors, sociiis ; whence ec-f:hf-macl, conjunx, Rilian. BroD sow, a sow tliat has a litter. Thou sowked yyne a sweit brod sow, Amang the middings many a year, Puhcar/, fVa'lion'i Coll. iii. 8. To BROG, V. a. To pierce, to strike with a sharp instrument, S. Hence broggit slajr, wliirh is mentioned as a sub- stitute fur an a%e, in the enumeration of the dilicreut pieces of armour with whicli yeomen siiould be pro- vided. '• The ycman, tliat is na archcar. na can not draw a bow, sail haue a gude souir hat for his heid. and a doublet of fence, with sword and bnrkl.nr, and a gude axe, or els a broggil itqffe." Acts Ja. I. 1-J29. V. 135. edit. 1506. He stert till anc broggii siaiif, ^Vincheand as he war woode. Peblis to the Phil), St. 13. Tlic term prog-stiiff"\% now used in the same sense, q. T. The jiroTincial K. phrase, to brog, seems (o ha>e the same origin. " There are two ways of (ish. ing for eels, call'd bragging, one with a long pole, line, and iilummet ; the other by putting the hook and worm on a small stick, and tiirnsling it into holes where the eels lye ;" Gl. Lancash. Brog, /. l. A pointed instalment ; sticli as an awl, S. 2. A job with such an instrument, S. BROG, Brogue, s. A coarse and light kind of shoe, made of horse-leather, much used by the Highlanders, and by those who go to shoot in the hills, S. " There were also found upwards of ten thousand old brogue, made of leather with the hair on." Dairy mple's Ann. II. 293. From the description, these were what arc more properly called rough riillions. Ir. (larl. brog, a shoe. BROGUE, X. " A bum, a trick," S. Ye earn to Paradise incog, .\i\d played on man a cursed brogue (lilack be your fa!) /iH);)i-, iii. 74. 1st. brngd, astus, stratagemafa, Verel. brigd, \A^ BROICE. Speaking of Arthur, Barbour says ;^ Uot yell, for all his gret valour, Modreyt his systir son hiin slew, And gild men als ma then inew. Throw tresounc, and throw wikkilnM. B R O The Broice bers thairoff witncs. The Bruce, i. 560. It is certainly Broite in MS., the c and / being written in the same manner. Barbour refers, either to Wace's Le Brut ; or more probably to the poem written by himself, under the name of The Brute, or Broj/t, containing the history of the fabulous Brutus the pretended father of the Britons. This work Wynfow n mentions in different parts of his Cron. V. Mr Pinkerton's Prcf. to The Bruce, p. xix. xx. To BROIGH, V. n. To be in a fume of heat ; to be in a state of violent perspiration, and pant- ing ; Lanerks. V. Brothe, from whicli it is probably corr. BROILLERIE, s. A state of contention. " Jlis motion, belike hath not becne, immodestly moved, or too vehemently pressed, that he gave it soone over, farre from the nnbridledncsse of turbu- lent mindes, that would rather have moved heaven and earth (as we say) to have come to their purpose, and have cast themselves, their country, and all, into confused broillerie, and into forraine hands and power." Hume's Hist. Doug. p. 92. Fr. brouillerie, confusion. V. Buulvie. BROK, Brock, Broks, s. Fragments of any kind, especially of meat ; S. The kaill ar soddin. And als the laverok is fust and loddin ; AVheii ye half done tak hame tiic brok. Bannatiinc Poems, p. IGO, sf. 10. " I neither got stock nor brock,'" i. c. offals, S. Prov., neither money nor meat. Kelly, p. 211. MoesG. ga-bruko, Alem. bruch, id. Hence also Germ, broche, a fragment. To Brok, Brock, v. a. To cut, crumble, or fritter any diing into shreds or small parcels, S. Apparently formed as a frequentative from break ^ if not immediately from the «. BROKAR, s. A bawd, a pimp. Of brokaris and sic baudry how suld I write? Of qiiham the fvlth stynketh in Goddis neis. Doug. Virgil, 96. 51. This is merely a peculiar use of E. broker, which Skinner derives by contr. from procurer ; Juniiis, from break, frangere, as a steward was called A. S. bri/tla, from brijll-an, to break or cut into small j/ieces. Serenius mentions, as synon. with the K. word, Goth, brckci, pueroriitn more rogitare. This is the same with ]%]. brek-a, petere, poscere,^ puerorum more rogitare familiariter ; G. Aiulr. p. ."{5. BROKYLL, adj. Brittle. V. Brukyl. BROKITTIS, s.pL The busfuous bukkis rakis furth on raiV, Ileirdis of hertis throw the thyck wod schaw, Bayth the broki/lis, and with brade burnyst t) ndis, The sprutillit calfys soukand the rede hyndis. Doug. I'irgil, 402. 19. Rudd. renders this, " brocks, badgers." But he is undoubtedly mistaken. Nothing but similarity of sound ran give the badger any introduction here.. The poet \' describing difl'erent kinds of deer. Here Le distinguishes them by their appearance. BrokiCli.^ B R O B R O at first view miglit appear to refer to the streaks on their skin, in uhich sense brockit and brtikit ave used : Thus, the brokittis might seem to be con- trasted with those that are sprutillit or speckled. But this is merely E. brocket, a red deer of two years old. Here three kinds of harts are mention, ed, the brockets are distinguished from those that have brade burniist tj/ndis, or well spread ant. lers ; because the former have only the points of the horns breaking out in one small branch. V. Skinner. " The tirst yere, you shall call him, a Hinde calfe, or a calfe. " The seconde yere, you shall call him, a Bi'okct. Sir Tri>.tram. The Booke of S. Albons. Man- wood's Forrest Lawcs, F. 24. Fr. brocart, id. which Skinner derives from broche, a spit, from thi- supposed resemblance of the horns. BRONCHED, /);■^^ He branched hi'ii yn, with his bronde, under the brode shelde, Thorgh the waast of the body, and wondcd him illc. Sir Ga:can and Sir Gal. ii. 19. This word certainly signitiis, pierced ; and is pro. babiy an error for broched, from Fr. brjcker. BRONDYN, />rtr?. /)a. Branched. The birth that the ground bure was brondi/ii in bredis. JJoulate, i. 3. This word is evidently from Fr. brondes, green bouijhs or branches. BRONYS, Brounys, Brownis, s.pi. Branches, boughs. Sum of Kneas feris besely Flafis to plet thayui preissis by and by. And of smal wikkfris for to b>ild vp ane here, Of sowpill waiulis, and of brounr/s sere, Bound wyth the syouns, or the twistis sle Of smal rammel, and stobbis of akin tre. Doug, yirgil, 362. 7. — Bronys of the olyue twistis. Jbid. 102. 5. Brownis., Palice of Honour, Prol. st. 9. This is from the same origin with the last word. To BRONSE, V. n. To overheat one's self in a warm sun, or by sitting too near a strong fire ; S. Isl. bruni, iaflammatio ; MoesG. brunsts, incen. dium. BRONX, />ar<./)a. Bnrnt, S. brunt. Ane coif thare is, and hirnes fele thar be. Like tyl Rthna holkit in the inont, By the Ciclopes furncs worno or brunt. Doug. Virgil, 257. 11. V. Biiyn, v. BROO, J. Broth, juice, &.c. V. Bree. BRCX3D1E, adj. 1. Prolific ; applied to the fe- male of any species, that hatches or brings forth many young ; as, a broodie ben, S. 2. Fruitful, in a general sense, S. " Strive to curbc your owne corruptions which are broodie within you." Z. Boyd's Last Battel), p. 140. Broody is used in E., but in a different sense. BROOSE, s. A race at country weddings. V. Bruse. BROSE, s. A kind of pottage made by pour- ing water or broth on meal, which is stirred while the liquid is poured, S. The dish is de- nominated from the nature of the liquid, as ivatcT-brosc, kail-bros«. Ye'rc welcome to j'our brose the night, And to your bread and kail. Song, Rosses Helenore, p. 143. A.S. ceales brill, kail-broo, S. ; briicas niman, to take pottage or brose. BR'JT, Brotach, J-. A quilted cloth or cover- ing, used for preserving the back of a horse from being rufflid by the Shi/nach, on which the pannels are huig, being fastened to a pack- saddle ; Mearns. Isl. brot, plicatura. G. Andr. p. 37. To BROTCH, V. a. To plait straw-ropes round a stack of corn, S. B. ; sjnon. Bruth, q. v. Isl. brus.a, to fasten. BROTHE, s. " A great brothe of sweat," a vulgar phrase used to denote a violent perspira- tion, S. The word seems synon. with foam, and may be ra- dically the same with J'ro/h ; or allied to Isl. braedc, braedde, liquefacio, colliqno item liquidis, quasi laetamine inductus tego. G, Andr. p. 33. To Brothe, v. n. To be in a state of profuse perspiration, S. The calluur wine in cave is sought, Mens bruthing breists to cule ; The water cald and cleir is brought, And sallets steijiit in ule. A. Hume, Chron. S. P. iii. 389. BROTEKINS, Brotikins, s.pl. Buskins, a kind of half boots. Scr. Tell rae quhairfoir ane sowtar ye ar namit. Soict. Of that surname I need nocht be ashamit, For 1 can mak schone, brotekinx and buittis. Lindsay, S. P. R. ii. 237. " There came a man clad m a blue gown, in at the kirk door, and Ix-lted about him in a roll of linen cloth ; a pair of brulikins on his feet, to the great of his legs, with all other hose and clothes conform thereto ; but he had nothing on his head, but syde red yellow hair behind, and on his haQits, which wan down to the shoulders ; but his forehead was bald and bare." Pitscotfie, p. 111. Fr. brodequin, Teut. broicken, brosken, Ital, borzachino , llisp. belzequin, a buskin. BROUDSTER, s. Embroiderer. " Some were gunners, wrights, carvers, painters, masons, smiths, harness-makers, tapesters, broud- sters, taylors." Pitscottie, p. 153. Fr. brod-cr, to embroider. V. Browdin. BROUKIT, Brooked, Bruckit, adj. The face is said to be broukit, when it has spots or streaks of dirt on it, when it is partly clean and partly foul, S. A sheep, that is streaked or speckled in the face, is designed in the same manner. " The bonie bruket Lassie, certainly deserves better verses, and I hope you will match her." — V. Burns, it. 85, Z n R o Dan. irofeJ, viriefjatid, speckled, firislcd. BROW, /. Ni;t biQW, no favourable opinion. " An ill brow," an opinion preconceived to the diiadvantagc of any person or thing, S. " 1 hae nae hruw o' John : He «as « i' the Queon whan she mm brought prisoner frac Carbirry."— Mary Sitwart. Mist. Drama, p. 46. it 5«.ins quite uncerMin, whether this phrase has any rvUlioii (o Aru:.-, ihe foreh.-ad, as signifying that one has ncciT.-d an unfavourable impression at hrst sight ; or (o breio, coijut re, which as may be seen in Hrout, is used in a nietaph. sense. BROWDIN, BROV.DEV, fart. pa. Fond, warmly attached, eagerly desirous, having a strong pro- pensity, S. It often implies the idea of folly ill the attachment, or in the degree of it. It is now generally connected v^'ith the prep, on; al- though anciently with o/. As scho delyts into the low, Sac was I brujcdin of my bow, Als ignorant as scho. Cherrie and Slae, st. 13. Tali prorsus ratione vcl arcus Urvr amorc inei. Lat. Vers. " We are fools to be broaden and fond of a pawn in the loof of our hand : living on trust by faith may well content us." Rutherford's Letters, P. 1. Ep. 20. Poetic dealers were but scarce, Less broicden still on cash than verse. Rain.iajj''s Poems, i. 331. He's o'er sair broi:den't on the lass I'm scar, l''or ony thing but her to work a cure. Shincjs' Poems, p. 80. " To brovcdcn on a thing, to be fond of it. North." Gl. fJrosf. R'ldd. thinks that it may be from brood, because all creatures are fond of their young. It has also been »icwed, biit without reason, as allied to the r. Brod, to prirU forward. Gl. Sibb. The lirst seems by far the most n.ilural conjecture of the two. It m.iy be fonni'd from l?elg. brocd-en to brood, io hatch. BROWDYN, part. pa. Embroidered. llys boily oure wes clad all hale In honest Kjngis aparale, — Beliayd wylh his swerd alsua. Scepter, ryni;, and sandalys Eroudyn welle on Kjngis wys. iVijutoicn, Tii. 8. 446. Chaufor, brouded, C B. brod-io, and Fr. brod-er, to enbroidir, are mentioned in Gl. Wynt. But this word is probably allud to Isl. brydd-a, pungere, brodd, aculeus ; vmhroideroU work being made with the needle. V. BiinoE. BROWDIN. part. pa. Expl. " clotted, defil- ed, foul, filthy," Gl. Sibb. His body was with bliidc all broicdin. Chr. Kirk, st. 18. This may be nothing more than a ludicrous use of the woril as sigoifying embroidered. Sibb. however, deduces it, as expl. above, froriTcut. broddc, sordes. BROWDYNE, part. pa. Displayed, unfurled. Thai 6aw sa fcie broicdync baneris, Stan.d.-'.ris, and ponnownys, and spcris j — B R O That the maist ost, and the stoutest — Suld be abaysit for to sc Thair fayis in to sic quantitc. Barbour, xi. 46 1. MS. A. S. braed-an, to dilate, to expand. BROWNIE, s. A spirit, til of late years sup- posed to haunt some old houses, those, espe- cially, attached to farms. Instead of doing any injury, he was believed to be very useful to the family, particularly to the servants, if they treated him well ; for whom, while they took their necessary refreshment in sleep, he was wont to do many pieces of drudgery ; S. All is hot gaistis, and elrische fantasyis. Of browni/is and of bogillis full tliis buke : Out on the waudeiand spretis, avow, thou cryis, It seinys aiie man war manglit, theron list luke. Doug. Hrgi/, 158. 26. But ithers that were stomach. tight, Cry'd out, " It was nac best " To leave a supper that was dight " To brovsnies, or a ghaist " To eat or day." Rammy's Poems, i. 209, 267. " na:ssi/-Brotcn," according to Lord Hailes, seems to be English Robin Goodfellow, known in Scotland by the name of liroxcnic. In Lord Hynd. ford's (i.e. Bannatyne) MS. p. 104. among other spirits there occurs, Broieny als that can play kow Behind the claith with mony mow. Bannatyne Poems, H. p. 236. My friend Mr Scott differs from this learned writer. He views Brozsnie as liaving quite a dif- fercnt character from " the Esprit Follet of the French," whom he considers as the same with our Bogle or Goblin, and Puck, or Robin Goodjellow. " 'i'he Brownie," he says, — " was meagre, shaggy, and wild in his appearance. — In the day time he lurked in remote recesses of the old houses which he delighted to haunt ; and, in the night, sedulously employed himself in discharging any laborious task which he thought might be acceptable to the fa. mily, to whose service he had devoted himself. — Alihoiigli, like Milton's lubbar fiend, he loves to stretch himself by the fire, (he) docs not drudge from the hope of recorapence. On the contrary, so delicate is his attachment, that the oiler of reward, but particularly of food, infallibly occasions his dis- appearance for ever." For a more particular ac- count of the popular superstitions which formerly prevailed on this subject, V. Minstrelsy Border, lurod. c — CIV. CLXvii. The same name is given to this sprite in the Shet- land Isles. But it is singular that, in one point, th« character of Broii:nie'\s diametrically opposite there. He has all the corotousness of the most interested hireling. " Not above 40 or 50 years ago, almost every fa- mily had a Brouny or evil spirit so called, which served them, to whom they gave a sacrilice for his service : as when they churned their milk, they took a part thereof, and sprinkled every corner of the house with it for Brounie's use; likewise, when they 13 R O brewed, fhey had a stone -which they called Brounies Sfane, wherein there was a little hole, into which they poured some wort for a sacrifice to Brouny.^ They also had stacks of corn, which they called Broiniie's S/fickx, which, though they were not bound with .^(raw-roiies, or any way fenced, as other stacks use to be, yet the greatest storm of wind was not able to blow any straw oft' them." Brand's Descr. Zetland, p. 112, 113. The same writer mentions some curious facts, and giTes his authority for them. But he offers no con- jecture as to the reason of the change of disposi- tion, that the insular situation of Brownie seems to have produced. The ingenious author of the IMinstrcIsy throws out a conjecture, that the Brownie may be " a legitimate descendant of the Lar Familiaris of the ancients." There is indeed a considerable similarity of character. Some have supposed the Lares and Penates of the Romans to have been the same. But the latter were of divine, (he former of human ori. gin. The Lar was clothed in a dogskin, which re- sembles the rough appearance of the Brownie, who was always rejiresented as hairy. It has been said that the Lares were covered with the skins of dogs, to express the charge they took of the house, being, like dogs, a terror to strangers, but kind to the do. mestics. Plutarch, ap. Ilosin. Antiq. Rom. p. 152. He assigns another reason, that the Lares searched out and punished what was done amiss in the fa. mily. This is also attributed to Brownie. It is said, that he was particularly severe to the servants, when chargeable with laziness or negligence. It is pretended, that he even sometimes went so far as to flog them. The Lares were ranged by (he Romans round the hearth, the very place assigned by our forefathers to " the lubbar fiend," when his work was done. " His name," Mr Scott has observed, " is pro- bably derived from the Portuni,'' mentioned by Gervase of Tilbury. According to this writer, the English gave this designation to certain daemons, called by the French Neptuni ; and who, from his description, appear to have corresponded in cha- racter to Brownie. But Gervase seems to be the only author who has mentioned this name; although Dn Cange quotes Canlipratanus, as giving some fur- ther account of the Neptuni. This solitary testi- mony is therefore extremely doubtful ; as there seems to be no vestige of the designation in I'j. Besides, the transition from Portitni to Brotenie is not na. tural ; and if it ever had been made, the latter name must have been better known in E. than in S. Rudd. seems to think that these sprites were called Brownies., from their supposed " swarthy or tawny colour ; as these who move in a higher sphere, are called Fairies from their fairness." Before ob- serving what Rudd. had advanced on this article, the same idea had occurred to me, as having a consider- able degree of probability, from analogy. For in the Edda, two kinds of Elves are mentioned, which seem nearly to correspond to our Brownies and Fairies. These are called Swartalfar, and Liosal- far, I. e. sisarihy or black elves, and white elves ; so that one might suppose that the popular belief B R O concerning these genii had been directly imported from Scandinavia. BROWST, Browest, s. l. As much malt li- quor as is brewed at a time, S. ^ " For the fourt bro-j:esf, he (the Browster) sail giue the dewtie of ane halfe yeare, and na mair." Burrow Lawes, c. 39. 2. Used metaph. to denote the consequence of any one's conduct, especially in a bad sense. This is often called " an ill browst," S. " Stay, and drink of your b7-ozsst," S. Prov. " Take a share of the mischief that you have occa- sioncd," Kelly, p. 280. But gae your wa's, Bessie, tak on ye, And see wha'll tak care o' ye now ; E'en gae wi' tlie Bogie, my bonuie — It's a browst your alu dallery did brew. J amicsoti'' s Popular Ball. i. 299. It may be observed, that Isl. brugg-a raed is used in the same metaph. sense with Irotcst, inve- nire callida cousilia : brugga suifc, struere insidias, G. Andr. p. 37. Belg. Jets quaads brouwen, ts brew mischief, to devise evil. Browster, Broustare, s. A brewer, S. The hynde cryis for the corne, The broustare the here schorne, The feist the fidler to morne Couatis ful yore. Doug. Virgil, 238. b. 17, " Gif ane Baxter, or ane Broioster is vnlawed for bread, or aill, na man sould meddle, or intromitt therewith, bot onely the Provest of the towne." — Burrow Lawes, c. 21. The V. is A. S. brizo-an, coquere cerevisiam, to brew, Somner; 'Vent. broitw-en^iA. ; Isl. eg brugg-a, decoquo cerevisias. All that Rudd. observes is, "q. brewster." But the reason of the termination is worthy of investigation. Wachter has justly re. marked that, in the ancient Saxon, the termination sicr, afBxed to a s. masculine, makes it feminine ; as from then, servus, is formed thenestre, serva. In A. S. we do not meet with any word allied to Brewster. But we have baecesire, which properly signifies pisirix, " a woman. baker," Somn. The term is not thus restricted in S. But as used in our old Acts, it indicates that this was the origi- nal meaning ; that brewing, at least, was more gene, rally the province of women than of men ; and also that all who brewed were venders of ale. " All wemen quha brewes aill to be sauld, sail brew conforine to the vse and consvetude of the burgh all the yeare. — And ilk Browster sail put forth ane signe of her aill, without her house, be the window, or be the dure, that it may be sene as common to all men : quhilk gif she does not, she sail pay ane vnlaw of foure pennies." Burrow Lawes, c. 69. s. 1. C. " Of Browsters. It is statute, that na woman sel the gallon of aill fra Pasch vntil Michaelmes, dearer nor twa pennies ; and fra Michaelmas vntill Pasch, dearer nor ane pennie." Stat. Gild. c. 26. There could be no other reason for restricting the Statute to Komen than that, when it was enacted, it Z% B R U was qnitc unusual for men, either to brew, or to sell alf. From A. S. bnereflrc, we may infer that the term wa» fornu-a hifon- bakin,; bicanic a trade, while it w;is in iverv family part of the work appropriated to woinrn.' The same maybe conjectured as (o Brou-trr. Some words wiili tliis termination hav. ini; been commonly used, afier the reason of it reas. cmlys. This appears to be the primary sense. 2, As used by Barbour, it seems to signify the re- mains of burnt wood, reduced to the state of charcoal, and as perhaps retaining some sparks. J hone Crab, that had his ger all yar In his fagaidis has set the fyr ; ' And our the wall syne gan thaira wyr, I] R U And brjnt the «ow till brundis bar. Bill hour, xvii. "05. MS!. Tliij word occurs also ill MS. Wail, where it is printc*! hratul!. I'Vill b}^«)n8 brynt, that worlhi war and wicht; (;,it naiK' away, knailF, capLiiii.', nor knycht. Qnticii brundis foil oil ralllri'is Ihaim aiiiang, Sumriidly r.iibs in b) ttir p.iyiiys Strang, Sum nakvt brynt. JVallacc, vii. 4)9. aiS. 3. The term is still commonly used in Ang., on- ly with greater latitude. It is s.ai(l of a garment or any thing completely worn out, There's no a bnind «/ // to /he fore, there is not a fraj^mcnl or voli^e of it remaining. A. S. brond may be the origin ; as in the second sense it merely denotes a hrebraiul almost entirely burnt out. As used, however, S. 15. it would seem allied to Isl. brun, extrcmilas rei ; Verel. BRUS, s. Not so feirsly the fomy riucr or fludc Urckis oner the bankis, on spait quhen it is wod, And with his brits and fard of watir broun, The dykys and the schorys belis doun. Doug. Virgil, 55. 34. Non sic, aggcribus ruptis qunm spumous aninis K.\iit, opposita.«que cvicit gurgite moles. Virg. Kudd. renders this brush, as if it were the same with the E. word. But this, as signifying " a rude assault, a shock," although classed by Johns, with bru^h, " an instrument for rubbing," and derived from Fr. brossc, is radically a dilt'erent word. Sax. bruj/>-cn, and Germ, brans. en, signify, to make a noise; Uelg. bruj/sseh-en, to foam or roar like the sea. Ihre, after rendering Su.G. bnis-ri, sonare, murmurare, adds ; De aqiiis cum impclu ruentibus aut Uuciibus maris ; which is the very idea conveyed by the word as here used. Perhaps it is originally the same with A. S. berue\.an, imi)etuose i)roriiere. BRUSE, Broose, Bruise, /. To ride the bruse. To run a race on horseback, at a wedding, S. This custom is still preserved in the country. Those who are at a wedding, especially the younger pirt of the company, who are conducting the bride from her own house to the bridegroom's, often .set oH", at full speed, for the latter. This is called, riding the brusc. lie who first reaches the house, is said to icin the brusc. At Urooses thou had ne'er a fellow, For pith an' speed. Hums, iii. 142. " Last week, a country wedding having ridden through the town of Paihicy, three of the parly very iinprudinlly started for the lirooxe, as it is called, and in one of the public streets rode down a young child, whose thigh boue was unfortunately broken." Edin. KTcn. Courant, Feb. 11. 1805. 2. Mcuph., to strive, to contend in whatever way. To think to ride or rin the bruise \\ i' I hem ye name, I'm sure my halllu', fcekless muse Wa'd be to blame. R. GuUovaj's Poems, p. 156. B R U Sibb. derives this from Teut. broes.cn, to rush like a hurricane. But this v. is appropriated to the violent rushing of wind or water. I have been in. clined to think, that bruse must have some relation to a wedding, and might perha])s be allied to MoesG. brulhs. Genu, braut, sponsa, Belg. briiijcn, marri- ed, brujjloft, Su.(J. brooUop, a wedding, a bridal, which ihre derives from brud bride, and lofioa, spondere, to engage; C. B. jyriodas, nuptiac. Thus, to ride (he bruse, seemed literally to signi. {y to " ride the wedding ;" in the same manner in which we say, to " ride the market," when the magistrates of the town ride in procession round the groimd, on which a market is to be held, and as it were legally inclosed, S. But 1 have lately met with an account of a custom of the same kind, which was common in the North of I'lngland seventy or eighty years ago, and which suggests a diU'erc^nt etymon. " Four [young men] with their horses, were wait. ing without ; they saluted the Bride at the church gate, and immediately mounting, contended who should first carry home the good news, " and zcin " what they called the Kail,''' i. e. a smoking prize of Spicc-Uroth, which stood ready prepared to re. ward the victor in this singular kind of race." Brand's Popular Antiq. p. 336. As this is undoubtedly the same custom with ours, riding the bruse must mean nothing more than riding for the brosc, broth, or kail. Thus bruse is merely the A. S. pi. brizcas, from brizc. Another custom, which has the same general ori- gin, is retained in the North of England, and is thus described. " To run for the bride-door, is to start for a fa- vour given by the bride to be run for by the youths of the neighbourhood, who wait at the church-door till the marriage-ceremony is over, and from thence run to the bride's door. The prize is a ribbon, which is made up into a cockade, and worn for that day in (he hat of the winner. If the distance is great, such as two or three miles, it is usual to ride for the bride-door. In Scotland the prize is a mess of brose; the custom is there called running for the brose." Gl. Grose, Suppl. V. Bree and Brose. To BRUS, Brusch, v. a. To force open, to press up. Scho gat hym with-in the dure: That sowne thai brassjjd wp in the flure. tVi/nloicn, Tiii. 13. 70. Wpe he stwrly bruschj/d the dure, And laid it flatlyngis in the flure. Ibid. V. 93. Sax. Sicamb. bruj/s-en, prcmere, sircpere. Per- haps this is as natural an origin, as any of those to which E. bruise has been traced. To BRUSCH, V. n. To burst forth, to rush, to issue with violence. AVith fell fechtyng off wapynnys groundyn keyn, Blud fra byrneis was brusehj/t oa the greyn. IVuUcice, x. 28. MS. This is the rc.iding in MS. instead of clei))i, t. 27. and buschj/t, edit. B U B U C Furth bi'iischis the saule with stremes gretc of bitide. Doug. Virgil, 353. 33. The how cauerne of his wouiicli' anu fliide Furth bruschit of the blaknit dcdoly bhide. Ibid. 303. 10. V.' BiiLs, s. BRUSIT,/arf./irt. Embroidered. The sone Pursevand gyd wes grathit I ges, Bruiit with a greine tre, gudly and gay. HouLate, ii. 7. MS. Arcens Arcentis son stude on the wall, — His mantyll of the purpoure Iberyne, With nedil werk brusit riche and fyne. Doug. Virgil, 298. 13. This seems to hare a common origin with Brozedjjiif id. q. V. Brusury, s. Embroidered. Of ncdil werk al brusit was his cote, His hosing schane of werk of Barbary, In portrature of subtil brusury. Doug. Virgil, 393. 14. Teut. boordursel, id. V. Browdyx. BRUSSLE, s. Bustle, Loth. V. Breessil. To BRUST, V. n. To burst. " la this great estremitie, he brusteth out in prayer, and craveth of God, that he wald withdrawe his hand from him for a space." Bruce's Eleven Serm. V. 3. b. Teut. brosl-eii, brust-en, Sw. brisl-a, id. BRWHS, s. Than thai layid on dwyhs for dwyhs, Mony a rap, and mony a bnsks. iVi/ntoicn, Tiii. 16. 20. Mr Macpherson conjectures that this is bruise; as disyhs is dusch or blow. But it seems the same with Brus, s. q. v. To BU, BuE, V. n. To low. It properly de- notes the cry of a calf, S. This is often distinguished from mue, which de- notes the lowing of a cow ; to mae, signifies, to bleat as a sheep, while the v. bae is used with respect to a lamb. The only word to which this might seem allied is Lat. boo, — arc, id. But perhaps it is formed from the sound. BU, Boo, s. A sound meant to excite terror, S. " Boo, is a word that's used in the North of Scot- land to frighten crying children." Presbyterian Eloquence, p. 138. 2. A bugbear, an object of terror ; Ibid. The passage is too ludicrous for insertion. This may be from bu, as denoting a sound in imi. tation of the cry of a calf, often used to frighten children. But perhaps it is rather allied to Belg. hauzc, a spectre. This word occurs ia Teut. in iietebauw, bytebauw, larva, spectrum. Biete is from bict-en, byt.en, mordere, q. the devouring gob- lin ; as in character resembling our Gyr-carlin. Bu-Kow, s. Any thing frightful, as a scare- crow, applied also to a hobgoblin, S. From bu, and koic, cow, a goblin. V. Cow. Bu-MAN, ;■. A goblin ; the devil, S. used as 5a- iow. Teut. bullcman signifies, larva, a spectre. But perhaps our term is rather from bu and man. BUB, Bob, s. A blast, a gust of severe weather. Ane blusterand hub, out fra the north braying, Can oucr tiie foreschip in the bak sail ding. Doug. Virgil, 16. 19. The heuynnys all about With feiloun noyis gan to rummyll and rout; Ane bub of waddir foUowit in the taill, Thik schour of rane mydlit full of haill. Ibid. 103. 26. PI. bubbis, 52. 55. Rudd. views this word as formed from the sound. But there is no reason for the supposition. I would rather derive it from Sw. by, a gust, a squall, as the priniitivt ; although it may be allied to Isl. bobbe, malum, noxae ; or E. bob, to beat, as denoting the suddenness of its impulse. Gael, bobgournach. however, is rendered " a blast," Shaw. BUBBLY, adj. Snotty, S. A. Bor. " The bairn has a bubbley nose. North." Gl. Grose. BuBBLYJOCK, s. The vulgar name for a turkey cock, S. synon. Polliecock, S. B. " Bubbly Jock. A turkey cock. Scotch." Grose's Class. Diet. The name seems to have originated from the shape of his comb, which has considerable resemblance to the snot collected at a dirty child's nose. BUCHT, J. A bending; a fold. V. BoucHT. BUCKER, s. A name given to a species of whale. West of S. " Grampus, or Backer, Delphinus Orca," Linn, is mentioned as a fish found ia the frith of Clyde, Glasgow, Statist. Ace. v. 535. This, elsewhere, by mistake, is confounded with the porpoise. P. Dun- barton, ibid. iv. 22. BUCKIE, BucKY, s, 1. Any spiral shell, of whatever size, S. Neptune gave first his awful Trident, And Pan the horns gave of a Bident. Triton, his trumpet of a Buckie Propin'd to him, was large and hickie. 3Juse's Tkrcnodie, p. 2. The roaring buckic, Buccinum undatum, Linn, is the common great whelk. This is what Sibb. calls the Great Bukky ; Fife, p. 134. He is supposed to give the name of Dog Bucky, to some varieties of the Buccinum Lapillus, or Massy Whelk. V. Note, ibid. The name buckie is also given to the small black whelk, which is commonly sold in the markets, Tur- bo Uttoreus, Linn. And there will be partans and buckiesy Speldens and haddocks anew. Ritsun's S. Songs, i. 211. " Upon the sand by John Grofs House are found many small pleasant buckles and shells, beautified with diverse colours, wliich some use to put upon a string as beeds, and accounted much of for their ra- rity." Brand's Orkn. and Shetl. Isl. p. 139. " Cypraea pecticulus, or John o' Groat's bucky^ is found on all the shores of Orkney." Neill's Tour, p. 16. This word, although used through the whole of S. seems to be peculiar to this country. It is most pro- bably derived from Teut. bitck-en, to bow, to bend, 3 BUD .n this eiprcsspj the twisted form of the shell. Thus Lincoln;, and S. u-iVA-, usiit in the same sense, (A. S. Ufalc,) is by Siiiuiier supposed to be from A.S. icealc- aiiy Tolvrre, rerolTere; because this kind of shell is wreathed into a spiral form. Wachter observe;!, that Germ, bsig anciently denoted erery thing that imita- ted the bending of a circle. This derivation is con- finoed by the mctaph. use of the word. For, '2. A per\-cr$e or refractory person is thus deno- minated with an epithet conjoined ; as, a thrown buciic, and sometimes, in still harsher language, a Dcirs buclif, S. (iin ony sour-mou'd girning bucf:i/ Ca' me conceity keckling chucky ; I'll aaswcr sine, Gae kiss your Lucky. Rttinsdjj's Pucms, ii. 350. Buckie Ingram, that species of crab denominated Cancer bernardus, Ncwhaven. Bl'ckie Prins, a periwinkle; Turbo tercbra, Linn. This name is used in the vicinity of Lcith. These shells are also called water- stoups. To BUCKLE, V. a. To join two persons in marriage ; used in a low or ludicrous sense, S. Hence, BucKLE-THE-BECCARS, 1. One wlio marries others in a clandestine and disorderly man- ner, S. There is the same analogy in Belg. koppclaar, a pandtT, from knppelcn to couple, to make a match. BUCKTOOTH, /. Any tooth that juts out from the rest, S. Sibb. derives this from lioks, q. y. It is perhaps allied to Su.G. bok., rostrum. BUD, t. A gift; generally one that is meant as a bribe. Se na mam to the King eirand spcik, Bot gif we get ane bud; or ellis wc sal it breik. And quhan thay arfull of sic wrang win, Thay cit thair Icif : and hungryar cums in. Sa scharp ar thay, and narrowlie can gadder, Thay pluck the puir, as thay war powand had- der ; And laks buds fra men baith ncir and fur; And ay the last ar than the first far war. Priotx oj Pcblis, p. 24. " All jugeis sail gar the assysouris sweir in the naking of th.iir aith, quhen (hay ar chargit to assysis, (hat ihay nou(b«r hauc tane, nor sail t.ik meid na kuddit of ony p,irtie : And gif ony sic bo geuin, or becht, or ony prayer maid bofoir the geuing out of the declaratioun and detcrminatioun of the assys- ouris : the said assysouris sail opinly reuc-ill the kuddi'. Riftis or prayaris, and the quantitie and maner thairof to the juge in plane court." Acts Ja. I. 1 laf). c. 155. edit. 1566. c. 138. Murray. At first view one might suppose that this were ori. finally the same with 6<-c/, an otfer or prolTer. But th' Uit passage, and many others that might be quoted, determine the sense otherwise. Buddcs takiiif, Ja. V. \4S0. c. laj. Murray, is evidently fecciving of gifts or bribes. The following lines ful- ly confirm this explanatioD. B U F The carlis they thikkit fast in cluds, Agane the man was mareit, With brcid and beif, and uthir 6«rfy, Sync to the kirk thame kareit. Chro7i. S. P. i. 361. C. B. budj, Corn, bud, profit, emolument. Or shall we view it as formed from A. S. bude, obtulit, q. the bribe that has been offered? Skinner derives it from A. S. bot, compensatio. But as this word is retained in S. in its original form, no good reason can be given why in one instance it should assume a form so difl'erent as that of bud. To Bud, Budd, v. a. To endeavour to gain by gifts, to bribe, " The Bishops conceived in their minds, that, if King Henry met with our King, he would cause hiin to cast down the Abbays of Scotland, like a? ho had done in England. Therefore they budded the King to bide at home, and gave him three (housand Pounds by year to sustain his house, of thiur benefices." Pitscoftie, p. 148. " I need not either bud or flatter temptations and crosses, nor strive to buy (he devil, or this malicious world by, or redeem their kindness with half a hair's breadth of truth : he, who is surety for his servant for good, doth powerfully over-rule all that." Rutherford's Lett. P. I. ep. ii. 72. " I have nothing that can hire or bud grace; for if grace would take hire, it were no more grace." Ibid. Kp. 86. BUDGE, s. Nane vyie strokis nor wappinnis had thay thare, Noutbir spere, budge, staf, pol ax, swerd, nor mace. Doug, yirgil, 354. 21. This Rudd. renders "/. a bow ; A. S. boga, Teut. bogen, arcus." But more probably, a bolt or jave> Iin, as allied to O. Fr. bugeon, a bolt or arrow with a- great head. BUFE, s. Beef, S. B. This is nearly allied to Fr. boeuf. id. But per- haps it is more immediately connected with Isl. bufe, cattle ; bujle, " domestic animals, especially cows, goafs, and sheep," Vercl. ; from du, an ox, cow, goat or sheep. Here perhaps wc have the root of Lat. box, bovis. Eiin sa cr meitiirJiuiUldi, er sua feUur nidur sem bufe ; " The most of men die like cattle." Specul. Regal, p. 356. To BUFF, V. n. To emit a dull sound, as a blad- der filled with wind does, S. lie hit him on the warae a wap. It bujt like ony bledder. Ckr. Kirk, st. U. Hence, as would seem, the phrase, It plui/ed buff, S. It made no impression. Belg. buff-en, to putT up the cheeks with wind; Fr. bouff.tr, to putf; Teut. puff. en, ructare. Germ, bujcft, a puff-ball ; puff-en, sonars-, i. e. dare cum sono, es pujjit, sonat, crepat ; Wachtor. Bof and pof are mentioned \y\ Kllian, as denoting the sound emitted by the cheeks in consequence of be. ing intl.ited. To BUFF, 'J. a. To buff corn, to give grain half thrashing, S. B U F «■' The best of him is bujt," a phrase commonly used to denote tliat one is declining in life, that one's natural strength is much gone, S. most probably bor. rowed from the thrashing of grain. To buff herring, to steep salted herrings in fresh ■water, and hang them up, S. This word, as used according to the first and second modes of expression, is evidently the same with \ Alcm. buff'-cn pulsarc ; whence Germ, puff'.en, to strike. Hence, BufF, s. A stroke, a blow, S. The buff' so bousterously abaisit him, To the erd he duschyt doun. Ckr. Kirk, st. 13. Fr. boiiffe, a blow ; Germ. Su.G. jyiiff, id. L. B. buffu. alapa. [ To BUFF out, V. n. To laugh aloud, S. Fr. boiiff'-er, to pufl", boti/fee, a sudden, violent, and short blast, bu/f'-ir, to spurt, all appear to have some affinity ; as expressing the action of the muscles of the face, or the sound eniittrd in violent laughter. ' BUFF, s. Nonsense, foolish talk, S. Yet nae great ferly tho' it be Plain btiff\ «ha wad consider me; — • I'm no book-lear'd. A. N/coVs Poems, p. 84. Mayhap he'll think me wondrous vain, Anil ca't vile stull'; Or say it only gi'es him pain To read sic buff. •'i/iirrej y Poems, p. 338. Tcut. beffe, id. nugae, irrisio, Kilian ; also bocf, nebulo, nequam, Su.G. bof, id. b-ffua, petulant per- sons ; Fr. biiffui, vanite, orgueil. Sam buffci, sans nioqucric; Diet. Trev. Hence buffo ii^ K, buffoon. BUFF, s. Skni. Stri/)t to the buff, stript naked, S. I know not if this can have any reference to V,, huff, as denoting " leather jirepared from the i,kin of a bullalo," or buffe, as Cotgr. designs this ani- mal. BUFF NOR STYE. The phrase is used con- cerning a sheepish fellow, who from fear loses his recollection ; or a foolish one, who has scarcely any to lose ; He cou^d neither say buff nor stye, S. i. e. " He could neither say one thing nor another." It is also used, but, 1 suspect, improperly, in regard to one who has no activi- ty ; He has neither biff nor stye with him, S._B. Although this expression is [irobably very ancient, its origin is quite obscure. Teut. bof occurs in the sense of celcusma, as denoting a cheer made by inari. ners, when they exert themselves with united strength, or encourage one another. Should we suppose there were any relation to this, stye might be viewed as referring to the act of mounting the shrouds, from Su.G. ilig-a, to ascend. This, however, is only vague conjecture. BUFFER, s. A foolish fellow ; a term much used among young people, Clydes. Teut. buej\ bucvtric, Su.G. bofioeri, arc used in a worse sense than the S. word, being rendered, ne- quitia, from Teut. bocve, nebulo. But the origm ia rather Fr. boujfard^ " often BUI puffing, strouting out, swelling with anger," Cotgr. ; from bouff-er, to puff, to swell up, to wax big. BUFFETS, s. pi. A swelling in the glands of the throat, Ang. ^branis, synon.) probably from Fr. louffe, swollen. BUFFETSTOOL, s. A stool with sides, in form of a square table with leaves, when these arc folded down, S. Lincolns. id. " A four- legged stool. North." Gl. Grose. It may have received its name, from its being of- ten used by the vulgar as a table ; Fr. buffet, a side- board. BUFFIE, BuFFLE, adj. Fat, puriled; applied to the face, S. Fr. houffc, blown up, swollen. BUFFONS, s. pi. " Pantomime dances ; so de- . nominated from the buffoons, le boufons, by whom they were performed," Gl. Compl. — *•• Braulis and branglis, buffoons, vitht raony vlhir lyclit dausis." — Coinpl. S. p. 102. V. Brang. iis. BUG, l>ret. Built. But wae be to your ewe-herd, father, And an ill deed may he die ; He bug the bought at the back o' the know, And a tod has frighted me. Min>trclsij Bonier, iii. '284. V. Big, v. BUGE, s. '< Lamb's furr ; Fr. agnelin,'' Rudd. The burges bringis in his buitli the brouii and the blak, Byand besely baync, buge, beuer and hyce. Doug. Virgil, 238. b. \1. Fr. bougc, E. budge, id. BUGGE, J-. A bugbear. V. Boggaroe. BUGGLE, s. A bog, a morass, S. B. This seems to be merely a dimin. from Ir. and E. bog. BUGIL, BuGiLL, .r. A buglehom. Sa bustuouslie Boreas his biigiil blew The dere full derne doun in the dalis drew. Doug. Virgil, 281. 17. Some derive this, q. burulue cornu, the horn of a young cow ; others, from Teut. bogliel. Germ, bu- gel, curvatiira. The latter term is descriptive of the form of the horn. BUICK, />/vf. Court'sied ; from the v. 5i?c,^. To her she hies, and hailst her with a jouk, The lass paid hame her compliment, and huick. Ross's Hclenore, p. giTC this name to a book, from the materials of vihiiii it wa-s lirst made, bok signifying a beech. treo; in the same manner as the Latins adopted the designation liber, which is properly the inner coat of bark, on w hich it was customary for the ancients to write ; and the Greeks that of ;8.JPi»5, the papyrus, because the inner bark of this Egyptian reed was usi-d in the same manner. Bi.iK-L.ARE, /. Learning, the knowledge ac- quired by means of a regular education, S. Sometimes, however, it simply signifies instruction by means of the book, or by letters. A man, who lias never been taught to read, says, " I gat nac /ii///,. /(;;•(■," S. Bl'ik.lear'd, Book-lear'd, adj. Book-learn- ed, S. I'll tell you, but a lie, I'm no book-lear'd. A. Nicol's Poem.'!, p. 84. 1^1. boklacrd-ur, id. V. Lake, v. and s. BUIR. 1 had hair at myn awn will haiffthc — Than off pur gold a kineis ransounc. IVulluce, y'y. 898. Perth edit. This is an error for Icuir in MS., rather ; as it is interpreted edit. 1648. 1 waUl rather at mine awn will have thee. BUISE. To shoot the buise. Tho' some's exempted fronc the Test, They're not exempted from the rest Of penal statutes (who ere saw A subject placed above the law?) ■Which rightly weigh'd and put in use, ISlight )et cause some to shoot the buisc. C/ela?id''! Poems, p. 94. It seems synon. with the cant E. term, to sichig, I. e. to be hanged. Perhaps buisc is allied to Ital. husco, the shoot of a tree, q. to spring from the fatal tree ; as to shoot a bridge, E. signifies to pass swift, ly under one of its arches. BUI ST, /. A part of female dress, anciently worn in S. To mak thame sma the waist is bound; A Am/v/ to mak thair bellie round : Thair buttokis bosterit up behind; A fartigal to gathair wind. MailJund Poemy, p. 186. Mr Pinkerton renders this " busk." We may rest in this explanation, if bii.yk be understood in the sense iu which C'otgr. dehnes Fr. biic, bnsq, or btnlc, '* plated body, or o'her ipiilted thini;, worn to make' or keep, the body straight." Iial. binto, stays or bodice. For some sort of protuberance, worn by BUI the ladles before, must be meant, as corresponding to the pud, which even then had been in fashion be. hind. This poem was probably written during the reign of Ja. V^ BUIST, BusTE, BoisT, s. l. A box or chest, S. Meal built, chest for containing meal. " The Maister of the money sail answer for all gold and siluer, that salbe strickin vnder him, quhill the Wardane haue tane assay thairof, k put it in his biiist." Ja. IL Pari. 1451. c. 33, 31. edit. 1566. " Becaus the liquor was sweit, sche hes licked of that biistc ofter than twyse since." Knox's Hist, p. 292. " Bust or box," Lond. edit. p. 316. The lady sone the boyst has soght And the unement has sho broght. Yu^aine, 1761. liitson's E. M. Rom. " What is it that hath his stomacke into a booste, and his eyes into his pocket? It is an olde maa i| fedde with boost confections or cured with continu. all purgations, hauing his spectacles, his eyes of J glasse, into a case." Z. Boyd's Last Battell, p. 529. 2. A coffin ; nearly antiquated, but still some- times used by tradesmen, Loth. O. Fr. boiste. Arm. bouest, a box. This Caseneuve derives from L. B. biistea, id. alsotos/a, buista, bw.ta. These are all used for the pix, or box in which the host was preserved. But the L. B. designation seems to have been borrowed from Su.G. bj/ssa, Belg. buss, id. which Ihre deduces from the name of the bo.v tree, because anciently much used for this pur- pose. It may be observed, however, that Kilian gives Fr. boiste, cistula, as allied to Teut. booste, a hull or husk, siliqiia, folliculus. To BuisT up, -v. a. To inclose, to shut up. Syn I am subject som tyme to be seik, And daylie deing of my auld diseis ; Ait breid, ill aill, and all things ar ane eik ; This barme and blaidry buists up all my bees, Montgomerie, MS. Chron. S. P. iii. 500. Hence, BuiSTY, s. A bed, Aberd. Gl. Shirr, used per- haps for a small one, q. a little box. V. BOOSHTY. BuisT-MAKER, s. A coffin-maker, Loth. ; a term now nearly obsolete. BUITH, s. A shop. V. BoTHE. BUITING, s. Booty, Or quha brings hamc the baiting? Cherrie and Slae, st. 15. Vcl quem portare ferinam — jussisti? Lat. Vers. " Ransounes, buitingcs, raysing of taxes, iniposi- tions,"— are mentioned ; Acts Ja^ vi. 1572. c. 50. Fr. budn, Ital. butino, Belg. buet, buijt, Isl. Sw. Dan. bylte. V^arious are (ho derivations given of the term thus diversified. Ihre, with considerable probability, deduces it from Su.G. byt-a, to divide, because in ancient times the, generals were wont to divide the prey taken in battle among their soldiers, as the reward of their service. BUITS, s. pi. Matches for firelocks. " It is objected against me only, as if no other of- B U L B U t ficer were to gire an account, neither for regiment, company, nor corporalship, that on this our unhap. py day there were no lighted buits among the mus- quetry." — Gen. BaiHic's Left. ii. 275. To BUKK, V. a. To incite, to instigate. Sym to haif bargain culd not blin, But buklcit Will on weir. Evergreen, ii. 181. st. 12. Perhaps from Germ, boch-en, to strike, to beat ; or bock-en, to push with the horn ; Su.G. bock, a stroke. Hence it is said of a man who can bear any sort of insult without resenting it, Han star bocken, q. " he stands provocation." Isl. bitck-a calcitrare, quasi jumenta aut bruta ; at beria t^ bticca, fcrire et verberare : G. Andr. p. 41. BUK-HID, BuK-HUD, s. Qiihyls wald he let her ryn beneth the strae, Quhyls wald he wink, and play with her Buk.hicl, Thus to the silly nious grit harm he did. llenrysone, Evergreen, ii. 152. st. 25. So day by day scho plaid with ine buk hud, With mony skornis and mokkis behind my bak. Bannatijnc MS. Cliron. S. P. iii. 237. This seems to be an old name for some game, pro. bably Blind man's BiiJ/', Sw. blind-bock, q. bock, and hiificud head, having the head resembling a goat. V. Belly-blind. The senscj'however, would per- haps agree better with Bo-peep, or Hide and seek. BU-KOW, s. Any thing frightful ; hence ap- plied to a hopgoblin, S. V. Bu. BULDRIE, s. Building, or mode of building. This temple did the Trojans found, To Venus as we read ; The stains thereof wer niarbcll sound, Lyke to the lamir bead : This muldrie and buldrie Wes maist magniticall. Btirel's Pilg. Watson's Coll. ii. 36. From build, as muldrie from Fr. moulerie, a moulding, or casting into a mould. BULYIEMENT, s. Habiliments 5 properly such as are meant for warfare. And now the squire is ready to advance, And bids the stoutest of the galher'd thrang Gird on their bulyicment and come alang. Ross's Helenore, p. 121. Buhjiemcnts is still used ludicrously for clothing, S. V. Abulyiement. To BULL, V. n. To take the bull ; a term used ■with respect to a cow. Both the v. and s. are pron. q. bill, S. The Is!, term corresponds, ijxna, oxna, from oxe, a bull. V. Eassin, 1'. Bill-siller, 'Si. is analogous to Tcut. bolle-ghcld, merces pro admissura tauri, Kilian. To BULLER, V, ft. 1. To emit such a sound as water does, when rushing violently into any cavity, or forced back again, S. For lo amyd the went, quhare ettillit he, Amascnus that riuere and frcsche fludc Aboue the brayis bullerit, as it war wode. Doug. Virgil, 383. 28. Sptimo is the v. here used by Virg. Thay all lekkit, the salt wattir stremes Fast bullerand in at euery rift and bore. Ibid. 16. 54. This seems to be the primary sense. Rudd. gives Fr. bouill-ir, to boil, as the origin. But it is un. doubtediy the same word with Su.G. biillr-a, tu. multuari, strepitum cdere. Sonitum quippe hac voce dicimus editum impulsu alius corporis ; Ihre. I know not whether this v. may be viewed as a de- rivative from boelia, a wave ; or laX. bilur, bjilgia, ductus maris, G. Andr. P"or bilur denotes the noise made by the wind, or by the repercussion of the waves. It is also doubtful whetlicr bcUering is to be view. ed as the same v. in another form. It evidcnlly ueans bubbling. — " What (hen becometh of your long dis. courses, inferred upon them ? Are they not Bul- lutae nugac, bellering bablings, watrie bels, easily dissipate by the smallest winde, or rather euanishes of their owne accord." Bp. Galloway's Dikaio- logic, p. 109. 2. To make a noise with the throat, as one does when gargling it with any liquid, S. gtiller, synon. It is used by Bellcnden to express the noise made by one whose throat is cut. " The wache herand the granis of ane deand man cntcrit haistely in the chalmer quhare the kyng was Jyand bullerand in his bhide." Crou. B. vi. c. 14. Regom jugulant, ad iuflictum vulnus allius gemen- tcm, Boelh. 3. To make any rattling noise ; as when stones are rolled downhill, or when a quantity of stones falls together, S. B. 4. To bellow, to roar as a bull or cow does, S. ; also pron. hollar, Ang. It is often used to denote the bellowing noise made by black cattle: also, the noise made bj- children bawling and crying bitterly, or by one who bursts out info a violent weeping accompanied with crying. In this latter sense, it tnight seem more nearly al- lied to Isl. baul-a, miigirc, haul mugitus. By the way, it may be observed that here we have at least a probable etymon of E. bull, Bclg. bulle, taurus. According to G. Andr. a cow is in Isl. called buula, from the verb, because of her bellowing. 5. It is used as v. a. to denote the impetus or act productive of such a sound as is described above. Thame seemyt the erdc opynny t amyd the fludc : The storm up bullerit sand as it war wod. Doug, f'irgil, 16. 29. This, although only an oblique sense, has been viewed by Rudd. as the primary one, and has led him to seek a false etymon. BuLLER, BuLLOURE, s. 1, A loud gurgling noise, S. Thare as him thocht suld be na sandis schald, Nor yit na land birst lippering on the wallis, Bot quhare the fiiide went styl, and calmyt al is, But stoure or bulloure, murmoure, or moiling j His steuynnis thidder stering gan the Kyng. Doug. Virgil, 325. 53. Aa 2 CUM From the noise (iroduccd by the violent rubliing of Ihr waves, this ti-rm lias beia ii.cd as a local (le. signaiion. ... " On the (piartor next the sea, there is a ImkU arch in the rock, which the forro of the tcn.iu'St has driT.n out. This plac is calUd Huchan's hullcr, or th.' liiilUr of Uuiban, and (ho counlrj iK-oplo call it the vol. '.Mr Hoyd said, it was so ralKd from Ihc French liouloh: 1( nia> bo more suui.ly tracid from Uoili-r in our own language." Boswell s Journ. |>. 10-4. Thi'. tumi- is, if I misLike no(. more grnerally ex. pre.-s.d in ihe |.l., as it is written by IVunanl. '• 'I'hr famous Uullns of Uuchaii lie about a mile North of liuunns, art a va>t hollow in a rock, IirojfctinR into the sea, open at toj), with a commu- nication to the sea through a noble jj«/«r«/ arch, throu^:h which boats can pass, and lie secure in this uaiural harbour." Tour in Scot. 17G9. p. 145. The oriein is certainly Su.G. Oullcr, strepitus, Ihre. i. 'l^i. c D Tr 2. A bellowing noise ; or a loud roar, S. B. V. the V. BULLF.TSTANE, s. A round stone, S. Isl. liolli)(.iir, round, convex like a i;Iobe ; bollut, convexitv , rotundity. Hence Fr. boulct, any thing round, I''. ttuUcf. " lioiililfi; a large round stone. C." Gl. Grose. PiThajis Cumberland is meant. Uuulili-rs is a provincial F.. word, expl. " a species of round pebble common to the soils of this district." Marshall's Midland Counties, Gl. To BULLIRAG, v. a. To rally in a con- tcmptuous way, to abuse one in a hectoring manner, S. I-ye says that hulara^ is a word very much used by the vulvar in !•". which he derives from Isl. baiil, 6o/, nialediclio, dirae, and racgia, defcrrc, to re- proach. Add. Jun. Flym. vo. Rag. BULLS, s. pi. Strong bars in which the teeth of a harrow arc placed, S. B. " Harrows of two or three hiilh, with wooden teeth, were formerly used, but are now justly ex. ploded in most farms, and (hose of two or three tiiills, with short iron teeth, are used in their stead." 1». St. Andrews, Orkney, Sla(i^t. Ace. xx. 2G0. Sii.CI. //«/, Isl. biilr. (runcus. BULL-SF.GG, s. The great Cat-tail or Reed- mace, Tvpha latifolia, Linn. S. B. HULL-SEGG, J. A gelded bull. V. Segg. BULTY, adj. Large, Fife. This may be al- lied to Tcut. I'ult, gibbus, tuber, whence bit/- tacbiig, gibbosus; or Isl. hulUa, foemina cras- s.i ; G. Andr. p. 42. BUL\V.\ND, s. The name given to Common Miigwort, Orkney, Caithn. " Ar(emisia vulgaris; in Orkney called Grey Bul- iciiiut." Neill's Tour, p. 17. N. In Sw. it is called gracboo, and gnichnona ; Seren. To BUM, V. n. 1. To buz?., to make a hum- ming noise; used with respect to bees, S. A.Bor. Nac lunger Simmer's elieerin rays Arc gleulin on the plains ; — BUM Nor monntain-bee, wild biimmin, roves For liinny "mang the healher — Rev. J. Nicul's Poems, i. 24. V. nornic. vo. Ulrn. •2. Used to denote the noise of a multitude. Bv Sdrling Bridge to niarcli he did not please. For English men bum there as tliick as bees. Uumiltun's IVullncv. 15. x. p. 253. 3. As expressing the sound emitted by the drone of a bag-pipe, S. At glomin now the bagpipe's dumb, M'han weary owsen hanicward come; Sac sweetly as it wont to hum, And Pibraih^ skreed. Fergus son's Poems, ii. 24. 4. Used to denote the freedom of agreeable con. versation arnong friends, S. B. Belg. bormn-en, to resound, to sound like an empty barrel ; Tent, bomme, a drum ; Lat. bombil. are, CJr. /e»ft£«», id. These terms have been con. sidered as formed from the sound ; and they have a better claim to be viewed in this light, than many others of which the same thing has been asserted. Bum, J-. A humming noise, the sound emitted by a bee, S. V. the 'j. BuMBEE, s. A bumblebee, a wild bee that makes a great noise, S Bumble-lee, id. A. Bor. Gl. Grose. Bummle-bee, Yorks. Marshall. Q. the bee that bums. In the same manner Lat. bombilius and Teut. bommel, arc formed. Bum-clock, s. " A humming beetle, that flies in the summer evenings." By this the sun was out o' sight. An' darker gloaming brought the night : The bum-clock humm'd wi' lazy drone ; The kye stood rowtin i' the loan. Burn.', iii. 11. BU-MAN, s. A name given to the devil. V. under Bu. BUMBARD, adj. Indolent, lazy. IVlony sweir bumbard belly-huddroun, IMony slutc daw, and slepy duddrouii, liim servit ay with souii}ie. Dunbar, Baniiu/ijnc Poems, p. 29. st. 7. Lord Ilailes gives twodilierent senses of this word, both equally remote from the truth. From the use of (lie word bummed by P. Ploughman, he i'nfers; " Hence bummard, bumbard, bwnpard, must be a trier or a taster, celui (/ui goute," Note, p. 237. In his Gl. he carries the same idea still furtlier, ren- dering " bumbard, drunken." But certainly it is nearly allied in sense to szceir, slutc, slept/, with which it is conjoined ; and may be derived from Ital. bombiirc, a bumblebee. BuMBART, s. A drone, a driveller. — An bumbart, aiie dron-hec, ane bag full of fleuine. Dunbar, Mai/land Poems, p. 48. In the Kdin. edit, of this poem 1,50S, it is lum- bar/. Hut bumbart agrees best with the sense : and the alliteration seems to determine it to be the true reading;. V. (he preceding word. BUMBAZED, Bombazed, adj. Stupified, S. By now all ccn upon them sadly gaz'd, BUN BUN And LinJy looked blatc and sair hiimlai'd. Roix^s Ilelenorc, p. 85. Jiiimhazcd the i;iidt'-nian glowr'd a wee, Syne hcnt fhe Wallace by tlie han' ; " Its he! it can be nane but he!" The gude-wifc on her knees had faun. Jamic^on'.i Popular Half. ii. 172. " Ye look like a bombat'd Malkcr [i. e. fuller] scekine; wash." Ramsay's S Prov. j). S'2. BUMMACK, .f. I. An entertainment anciently given at Christmas by tenants to tlieir land- lords, Orkn. " At this period, and long after, the feuars lived in terms of social intercourse and familiarity with their tenants ; for maintaining and perpetuating of which, annual entertainments, consisting of the best viands which the farms produced were cheerfully given by the tenants to their landlords, during the Christmas holy days. These entertainments, called Butnmacks, sfrengthened and confirmed the bonds of mutual confidincc, attachment, and regard, which ought to subsist between those ranks of men. The Christmas binnmucks arc almost universally discon. tinned ; but, in some instances, the heritors have, in lieu of accepting such entertainments, substituted a certain quantity of meal and malt to be paid to them annually by the tenants." P. Stronsay, Orkn. Statist. Ace. xv". 393, 394, N. BummSck, Wal- lace's Orkney, p. 63. 2. A brewing of a large quantity of malt, as two bolls perhaps, appropriated for the purpose of being drunk at once at a merry meeting Caithn. This word is most probably of Scandinavian origin, perha|)s q. lo make rcadj/, from Su.G. born prepura- tus, Isl. bun, parare, and mak-u facere : or from bua, and iiiui^c socius, q. to make preparation for one's companions ; or bo villa, incola and mage, the fel- lowship of a village or of its inhabitants. BUMMIL, BUMMLE, BOMBELL, ,f. Expl. a drone, an idle fellow. O fortune, they liae room to grumble ! Hadst thou taen afl'somc drowsy bumi/ile, AVha can do nought but fyke and fumble, 'Twad been nan jilea. liuni.t, iii. 21 5. Teut. bommclc, fucus. V. Batie-T5immil. To BuMMiL, V. a. To bungle ; also, as -v. n. to blunder. S. 'Tis ne'er be me Shall scandalize, or say ye hummll Ye'r poetrie. Ramsrtj/'s Puemf, il. ,",30. Hence, BUMIMELER, BUMLER, J. A blundering fellow, S. BUM£, s. A stroke. " lie came i)ump upon me," S. ; he came upon me with a stroke. Isl. bnmps, a stroke against an^' object, jiavjo, Ictus, bomp-a, cita ruina ferri, G. Andr. BUN, BuNN, .f. A sweet cake or loaf, generally one of that kind which is used at the new year, baked with fruit and spiceries ; sometimes for this reason called a sivce'ie- scone, S. " That Georffc Iletlierwiek have in readiness of fine flour, some great buiim, and oilier wheat bread of the best order, baken with sugar, cannel and other spices fitting ; — that his Majesty and his court may cat." — Records Pittcnweem, 1651. Statist. Ace. iv. 376, .'J77. In Su.G. this is called lulbrod, i. e. Yule-brcad, which is described by Hire as baked in the same manner. The same custom prevails in Norwav. It seems doubtful whether bun be allied to Gael. ban. 7>acli, a cake. Lhu^d ni»>nfions Ir. bunna, in (he same sense, without (ho guttur.!! termination, vo, Pl. p. 1'23. Shall we hence suppose, that just, ing «as thus denominated from the use of sltivcs or poll s instead of lanrei> ? Wl'RF.DlCLY, athi. Forcibly, vigorously, Als wounded a.s he was, .Sone biiridclij he ras. And faJuwcd fa^t on hie tras, BUR With a swcrde kene. .Sir Gcacaii and Sir (Jul. ii. 21. V. Burdly. BUREIL, BuRAL, adj. Vulgar, rustic. This is the MS. reading of Wallace, where in the editions it is rural. It is Weill knawin I am a biiral man; For her is said as gudly as I can. B. xi. 1461. Weill may I schaw my bureil bustious thocht. Doug. Virgil J 3. 51. The term is applied to spears. This Auenfinus foUowis in thir weris, Uure in tluire handis, lance, stailBs and barrel speris. Ibid. 231. 50. Rudd. thinks that it may be here rendered big, I'trgc, and that hence comes burly. But burrel Sj'cria are either staves or burdons, used by country people instead of spears ; or spears made in a clumsy manner. Chaucer borcl, id. " borel folk, borel men." L. B. buri-ll-iis-, a species of coarse cloth ; w hich Du Cangc derives from Lat. byrrhus, a word used by Augustine for a linen coat. But the most natural origin is Tent, buer, a peasant. BURG of ice, a whalefisher's phrase for a field of ice floating in the sea, S., most probably from its resemblance of a castle. BURGENS, s.pL Burgesses. — — That thai wald bryng alsua — Honorabil burgcns, and avvenand. IVi/nloisn, y\\\. 5. 23. MocsG. batirjans, Lat. burgens-en, Gl, Wynt. BURGEOUN, s. A bud, a shoot. Within hir palice yet Of hir first husband, was ane tcmpill bet, Of marbill, and hahl in ful grcfe reucrenee, With snaw quhite bcndis, carpettis and ensence. And fcstuall burgeouns, arrayit in thare gyse. Doug. Virgil, 116. 5. Fr. burgeon, id. The t". is adopted into F. Per- haps the Fr. word is radically from Su.G. boerja, oriri, as denoting a beginning of any kind; whence buerjan, inilium ; or rather Isl. bar, gemma arbor. um, scu primulae frondes: (r. Andr. BURIAN, s. A mound, a tumulus; or, a kind of fortification, S. Aust. " There are a great number of cairns or bun'ans ; .llso many circular inclosures on hills and eminences, formed by a great quantity of stones, which have now no a|>pearancc of haviiiii been built." P. Kirk- palrick-Juxta, Dumfr. Statist. Ace. iv. 522. " There is a gpeat number of buriaas in this pa- rish. These arc all of a circular form, and are from 36 to 50 yards diameter. — T'hey are supposed by some to be remains of Pictish encampments ; others think that they were I'laoes of strength, into which the inhabitants collected their cattle, when alarmed with a visitation froM» the Fnglish borderers," &c. P. Weslerkirk, Dumfr. Statist. Ace. xi. 528. Perhaps from A. S. beorg, burg, mons, acervus, mnnimentnm ; sepulcrum. If origirially meant for defence they m.ay have been the same with the broghs ot brughs of the S. Bor., which were certainly BUR Pictish. The name, however, may be from A. S. bj/rigenn, byrgene, sepulcrum, monumentum, tu- mulus. For, from similarity of form, the A. Saxons garc the same name to a fortification, as to a place appropriated for burying (he dead, both being cir- cular and elevated. Biirian, indeed, bi'ugh, and E. barrozc, seem to be all from the same root. BURIO, BOREAU, BURRIO, BURIOR, BURRIOUR, s. An executioner. '• The samyn is punist condignely as he deseruit, sen he was burio to hym self mair schamefully than we ra3'cht deuyse." Bellend. Cron. B. vi. c. 2. " The cruel Inglis — ar borcaus ande hangmen permittit be God to puneis us." — Compl. S. p. 40. Bunio, Calderwood. Thir catift' miscreants I mene, As bariors hcs euer bene Wordie to vilipend. BureVs Pilg. WaUoti's Coll. ii. 40. Sum burriouris ye sail gar come yow to ; And tham comand to work at my bidding. Clariodtts. MS. Gl. Cumpl. Fr. bourreait, id. For the various conjectures as to the origin of the Fr. word, V. Diet. Trev. BURLAW, Byrlavv. " Laws of Burlaio ar maid & determined be con- sent of neichtbors, elected and chosen be common consent, in the courts called the Byrlaic courts, in the quhilk cognition is taken of complaintes, be. tuixt nichtbour & nichtbour. The qtihilk men sa chosen, as judges & arbitrators to the effect fore- said, ar commonly called Byrlaie-men. Skene, Verb. Sign, in vo. " Birlazc-courts — are rewled be consent of neigh, bours." Reg. Maj. B. iv. c. 39. \ 8. It is only of late that this custom was abolished in some parishes. " This towne — consists of above 20 freedoms. — This little republic was governed by a birlej court, in which every proprietor of a freedom had a vote." P. Crawford, Lanerks. Statist. Ace. iv. 512. 513. In the North of S. it seems to have been used within the last century. For there can be little doubt that what is written barlejj-mcn must be understood in this sense, as denoting country-men chosen as judges in some matter in which they are supposed competent to determine. " The said John Hay, as tacking burden afore- said, obliges himself to provide the foresaid William in ane house and yard, — and to give him ane croft by the sight of barley-men, give he require the same, he paying the rent the barley-men puts it too." Con- tract A. 1721. State Fraser of Fraserfield, p. 327. The same language occurs in another Contract, ibid. Skene derives this from Belg. baitr (boer) a hus- bandman, and law. Jornandes, speaking of the an- cient Getae, says that they called their laws Bila- gines, which term is generally viewed as compound. ed of by a city, and laga, law. As Germ, baiter, A. S. bur, Isl. byr, signify a village, as well as a husbandman, this may be the meaning of the word in burlazD. Isl. burskap is the right of citizenship ; and bumprak denotes the place iu which the citi- zens assembled to consult about their common con- cerns. Uppa bunpraket the kerrar ginge ;" — BUR " These noblemen went into the senate." Chron. Rhythm, ap. Ihre, vo. Bur. This word is from by, a city, genit. byr or bur, and sprak, discourse or council. Alem. spracha signifies, a council; and sprah-krux, the place of meeting. The ancient I" ranks called their convention, or the place where they met, Mallum, from mael-a, to speak ; as their successors were wont to call it parlement, trom par- ler, for the same reason. Isl. bylag, bya-lag, indeed, corresponds to our re- dundant phrase, han's of Burlaw. " The Icelandic word bya-lag signifies laws of villages or townships." Von Troll's Letters on Ice- land, p. 115. N. This, although not mentioned by Johns., is the original sense of the E. word hy-lats. V. Cowcl, vo. Bilaso. Hence, Burlie-Bailie, s. An officer employed to en- force the laws of the Burlaw-courts, This falconer had tane his way O'er Calder-moor ; and gawn the moss up, He tharc forgather'd with a gossip: And wha was't, trow ye, but the deel, That had disguis'd himsell sae weel In human shape, sae snug and wylie; Jud tuk him for a burlie-bailie. Ramsay^s Poems, ii. 536. BURLED, BuRLiT, part. fa. " The Maister of the money sail answer for all gold and siluer, that salbe strickin vnder him. — And that na man sail tak the said money, fra it be burlit and clypjiit, bot at his awin lyking." Acts Ja. 11. 1451. c. 35. edit. 1566, Burled, Skene, c. 23. Does this signify, burnt, from Fr. brul-er? BURLY, /. A crowd, a tumult, S. B. Teut. borl-en, to vociferate, to make a noise. Hence E. hurly-burly. BURLY, BuiRLiE, adj. Stately, strong ; as ap- plied to buildings. This word, although used in E. is expl. by Johns, as merely signifying, " great of stature." Wallace gert brek thai burly byggyngis bavid, Bathe in the Merss, and als in Lothiane. Wallace, viii. 402. MS. It is also used in relation to a banner. Than out thai raid all to a random richt. This courtlie King, and all his curalie ost, His buirlie bainer bratliit upon hichl. King llarl, i. 28. In Gl. expl. " burly, bold." If it occurs in this sense in Maitland P., 1 have overlooked it. Teut. boer, Germ, bauer, a boor, with the ter- mination lie, denoting resemblance. BURLINS, /. /)/. The bread burnt in the oven in baking, S. q. hurnlins. BURN, s. 1. Water, particularly that which is taken from a fountain or well, S. B. What niaks Auld Rcikie's dames sae fair? It cannot be the halesomc air. But caller burn bi>yond compare, The best o' ouy ; That gars them a' sic graces skair. And blink sae bonny. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 41. I am inclined to consider this as the primary sense Bb H r R •rdioftord; MopsC;. ami Ptecop. brunna, Su.G. A/«/i/i, l^\. briiiiM. Ill .Cinu. hi uii,'rcul. hum, borne, a weH, u fmiiitain ; IJili:. I>nriiw(ttii\ water from a well. Cai-l. Au; /ic also >igiiifu's water. Some trace jlic <;oih. «oril> to Hob. bur, a fountain, others to i>u.ii. riiinii, to rim, to How ; 0, after the Gothic inaiini-r, lieiui; prehxi'il. ■2. A rivulet, a brook, S. A. Bor. K> urri>. ran rede on spate with watfir broun, Aud huriiis harlis all thare bankis doiin. Jhuiir. Hrgil, 200. 25. I wa» werv of wandering, and went me to rest, I iider a lirode banke, by a bourne side. P. I'lDugliiiian, Pass. i. A. 1. !•',. bourn. In this sense only A. S. burn, bi/rna, ocrur ; or as siiafl winds rusle, And sliepherd-lads, on sunny knows, Blaw the blythefuslc. neaUic's .tdilrvss, Ross's Ilelcnore, p. Tii. • To BURN, V. a. 1. One is said to be burnt, when he has suflered in any attempt. /// burnt, having sutfeied severely, S. " A nuinber of the royal party rising in a very confused iiiiprudenf way in many shires, were aH easily scattered.— We are glad, that no Scotsman was found accessory to any of these designs. It seems our people wore so ill burnt, that they had no stomach lor any farther meddling." Uaillie's Lett. ii. 396. This is analogous to the S. I'rov., " Brunt bairns the hre dreads." 2. To deceive, to clieat in a bargain, S. One says that he has been brunt, when overreached. These are merely oblique senses of the E. v. BURNET, adj. Of a brown colour. — ii'.-Jialdand tharac sa mony diuers hew BUR Sum pcirs, sum pale, sum burnct, and sum blew, Sumgrts, sumgowlis, sum purpurc, sum sanguane. Dong. I^irgil, 401. 1. Fr. brunette, " a dark brown stutl" formerly w orn by persons of quality," Rudd. L. B. brunet-a, brunet-uin, pannus non ex nativi coloris lana confec- tus, sed quavis tinctura imbutus ; Du Cange. BURNEWIN, s. A cant term for a black, smith, S. — Then Burneisin comes on like death At ev'ry chaup. Burns, iii. 15. " Bnrn-lhe-v;ind, — an appropriate term;" N. ibid. V'. COLIBRAN'D. BURNT SILVER, Brint Silver, silver re- fined in the furnace. *' They thinkc it expedient for diuers causis, — that thair be strikin of the vnce of brint siluer, or bulyeoun of that fyncs, viii. grotis, and of the samin mater and wecht, as elfeiris, half grot, jienny, half penny, and fcrding." Acts Ja. II. 1451. c. 34. Edit. 1566, Burnt silver, Skene, c. 33. Mr Pinkcrton has observed that this is fine " sil- ver, synonymous with the Spanish argento ac^ndra- du," Essay on Medals, ii. 346. The phrase, how- ever, is of great antiquity among the Northern na. tions. Kongr faladi tha ski'ultdin, enn thangbran- dir gaf honum tha skiolldin, enn Kongr gaf hanom jamnvirdi skialldarins i brcndo fylj'ri : Then the King cheapened the shield ; and Thangbrand gave him the shield, and the King gave him the full value of it in burnt silver. Valorem rex argento puro rependit. Kristnisag. c. 5. p. 30. The same phrase, brendii silfri, occurs in p. 126. Brent gull is used in the same sense, as to gold ; Purum putum aurum, Vcrel. Ind. Snorro Sturleson shews that skirt silfr, i. e. pure silver, and brcnnt silfr, are the same. For when Kalldori, the son of Snorro, the high priest, received his salary from the servants of Harold the Grim, King of Norway, he in a rage threw loose the skirt of his garment, in which was the money, so that it fell among the stubble; at the same time complain, ing that his stipend was not paid without fraud. The King, being informed of this, commanded that there should be given to him twelve ounces, s/ciran brendssilfrs, " of pure [or y/u'cv] burnt silver." Vita Reg. Haraldi. V. Annot. ad Kristnis. p. 169, 170. BURR, BuRRH, s. The whimng sound made by some people in pronouncing the letter /•,■ as by the inhabitants of Northumberland, S. — " From that river [Tweed] southward, as far I believe as Yorkshire, the people universally annex a guttural sound to the letter 11, which in some places goes by the name of the Berwick Burr." P. Cold- stream, Berw. Statist. Ace. iv. 420. This word seems formed from the sound. Grose however, if I rightly apprehend his meaning, views it as containing an allusion to the field burr, as if something stuck in the throat. BURRACH'D, /,«rf./,rt. Inclosed. V. Bow- RACn'jJ. To BURRIE, V. a. To overpower in working, to overcome in striving at work, S. B. allied perhaps to Fr. iourr-er, Isl. ber.ia, to beat. BUR BURRY. Sir Corby Rawin was maid a procitour, — Summoiul the Scheip bcfoir the Wolf, that he Perimptoiirly, within tha dayis thre, Compeir undir the panis in this bill, And heir quhat burn/ Dog wald say him till. lienri/sone, Banuatync Poems, p. 109. st. 3. " Probably, rough, boorish," according to Lord Hailes. It might bear this meaning, as descriptive of the shaggy appearance of the dog. Ft. hotirrti-, " flockie, hairie, rugged," Cotgr. bourrc, locks of wool. But it seems more naturally to convey the idea of cruelty, especially considering the allegori. cal character of this dog given before ; from Fr. bourrcau, an executioner. V. Burio. BURROWE-MAIL. V. Mail. BURSAR, s. One who receives the benefit of an endowment in a college, for bearing his expen- ces during his education there, S. " We thinke it expedient that in every Colludgc in every Universitj', there be 24 Jiursars, devided equally in all the classes and sieges as is abotc ex. premit ; that is, in S. Androes 72 Bursars, in Glas- gow 48 Bursars, in Aberdeen 48, to be sustained only in meat upon the charges of the Colledge." First Bulk of Desciplinc, c. 7. § 22, " Queen Mary, — for the zeal she bore t© letters, &c. founds five jjoor children bursars withiu the said college, to be called in all times to come bursars of her foundation. — The name of bursar, or bursarius, was anciently given to the treasurer of an universi- ty or of a college, who kept the comuion p\irse of the community ; we see, that in Queen Mary's lime, this name had come to be given to poor students, probably because they were pensioners on the cow. ■inon purse.'" Univ. Glasgow, Statist. Ace. xxi. App. p. 18. L. B. Bursar.ius not only denotes a treasurer, but a scholar supported by a pension. Bursarii dicuntur, quibusexejusmodi Bursts stipcndia praes- tantur: quae vox etiamnum oblinet in Acadcmiarum publicarum Scholasticis, ([uibus ob rei domesticae penuriam certa quaedam stipcndia ex area ad id des- tinata, ad pcragendos studiorum cursus ; Du Cange. Fr. boursicr in like manner signifies not only a treasurer, but "a pensioner; or one that hath an yearely pension iu a college;" Cotgr. V. also Diet. Trev, I find no proof as to the time when these terms were first used in this sense ; but it was most pro- hably prior to the reign of Queen Mary, on the continent at least. The origin is obviously L. B. bursa, an ark, Fr. bourse, a purse. Bourse also signifies '' the place of a pensioner in a college," Cotgr. L. B. bursa was used in the same sense, A. 1285. Expensae : Pro Bursts scholarum Regis, qui fuerant de curia, &c. Compot. Baillivorum Franc, ap. Du Cange. Hence Germ, bursch, a student in a college. W^ach. tcr thinks that the vulgar had changed Fr. boursier or L. B. bursarius into bursch; first using the term to denote one who had a salary, and afterwards ap. plying it to every at"idemician. Bursary, Burse, s. The endowment given to a student in a university, an exhibition, S. BUS " The management and disposal of this mortifica- tion is in the hands of the Presbytery of Perth, who let the lands, and appoint the rent to be paid annu. ally as a bursary to the student whom they have chosen, and who continues in it for 4 years." P> Dron, Perths. Statist. Ace. ix. 480. " There are four bursaries at the King's college of Aberdeen for boys educatexl here. — They arise from L. 600 Sterling."— P. Mortlach, Aberd. Statist. Ace. xvii. 433. BURSIN, BuRSTEN, />a;Y. /la. Burst, S. Thair bursin war the gotdin breistis. Of Bischoppis, Princes of the Preistis. Thair takin was the greit vengence On fals Scribis, and Pharisience. Lyndsuy's JVurkis, 1592. p. 116. Gohlin seems an error of the press for boldin, in- flated, proud. For this passage evidently refers to what had been said, p. 111. The Bischoppis Princes of the I'reistis, They grew sa boldin in their breistis: Ilicht sa the fals Phariseance, &c. " A great many burgesses were killed, twenty, five householders in St Andrews, many were bursten in the fight, and died without a stroke." Baillie's Lett, ii.92. BUS, s. A bush, S, huss. Upon the busses birdies sweetly sung. Ross's Ilelenore, p. 26. Doug, wses it metapli. Before the formest oistis in the plane, Amyd ane bus of speris in rade thay. f'irgil, 232. 16. V. BcsK. BUSCH, s. Boxwood, S. B. As the quhissil renderis soundis sere, With tympanys, tawbcrnis, yc war wouiitto here, ^ And bois schaumes of torned busck boun trc, That grew on Berccynthia montane hie. Doug, y'irgil, 299. 45. Bu.uts, Virg. Belg. bossc-b(io»', bu^hoom, Fr. bouts, iji/.v, ItaJ. busso, id. Being induced by the similarity of the phrase to the Tcut. name, to look into the various readings, I find that in edit. 1553, it is " bosch boinc trc," which Rudd. views as perhaps right. To BUSCH, V. n. To lay an ambush; pret, . buschjt. The ost he maid in gud quyct to be, A space fra thaira he busehyt prewale. Walluee, viii. 588. MS. O. Vj. bussed. Salad) n priuely was bussed besid (ho llom. R Brutinc, |). Is7. This word, although it may be a corr. of Fr. em. buscli-er, preserves more of the original form. For it is undoubtedly from buschy a bush. Itah bosc-arr, imbosc-ure, from bosco, q. to lie hid among bushes. BuscHEMENT, s. Ambush. Th(.-bu'chemenlhr&\i.. and come in all thair my cht j At thair awne will sone entrit iu that place. Wallace, vi. 321. MS-. It is used in O. E. Lculyn in a wod a busscmcnt he held. R. Uru:iuc,.Y!. 242. Bb2 BUS To BUSE, Bust, r. n. To inclose cattle in a stall, S. B. A. S. /'o>», bo>ig, pracscpc ; E. boose, a stall for a cow, Johns. To BUSH, V. a. To sheathe, to inclose in a case or box, S. ; applied to the wheels of carriages. Su.(;. bosyc, Germ, buclise. I3flg. bosxc, a box or c«5c of any kiiul, Sw. Iiuilbosse, the inner circle of a wheel which incloses the a\letrre. BUSH, intay. Expressive of a rushing sound, as tliat of water spouting out, Tweedd. It occurs in a coarse enough passage. 'I'o keep li.iilh ilown, that npwanls flew, He strave fu' hard, nae doubt o't ; Till bu^h ! — he gae a desperate spue, An' gut an' ga' he scoutit. Rev. J. Nirol's Poems, i. 115. L. B. bus.bas was a term nsed to denote the noise made by firc-arnis or arrows in battle. — Bus-bas ul- frocilroquc exeoriiin mortariolis sagittisvc rcsonan- libus in astris. V. Dii Cangc. To BUSK, V. a. 1. To dress, to attire one's self, to deck, S. ; hus, A. Bor. id. Gl. Grose. For athir partie the price ordanil has he, For (he victoiir anc bull, and all his hede Of goblin schakeris, and rois garlandis rede, Uuskit full well. Doug. Virgil, 149. 51. She had nae sooner bu.sket her sell. Nor putten on her gown, Till Ailam o' Gordon and his men Were round about the town. Kit son's S. Songs, ii. 18. This seems to be the original sense of the word, wliieh lludd. derives " from Fr. base, bitsq, a plated body, or other quilted thing, or whalebone to keep the body straight."' Sibb. supposes it might perhaps originally signify, " to deck with flowers or bushes, Dan. bii'.k, bush." But wo have its natural affinity in (icrin. biit:-en, bitss-cn, IJelg. boets-en, Su.G. fiuts.ii, puis. a, ornare, decorare; Germ, butt, buss, (irnatiis ; Ucurc hut: frauii, a well dressed woman. Wachter here refers to Wulapau:, a term used in the Longobardir Laws, to signify the act of putting on the garment of a stranger surreptitiously obtained ; from wale alienus, a\\i\ pauz, vcstimentum. 2. To prepare, to make ready, in general, S, This is merely an oblique sense, borrowed from the idea of dressing one's self, as a necessary- preparation for going abroad, or entering on an expedition. Th.ii hu'ked, and maked hem boun, Nas ther uo long abade. .Sir Trislrein, p. 16. s(. 14, The King buskj/l and maid liim yar, Northwartis with his folk to far. liiirhour, viii. 409. MS. \Nilh that thai bu^kyt them onane, And at the King thair leifl'has tane. Ibid. iv. 364. MS. '* That all men Au5/;thame to be areharis, fra thay be xii. veiris of age." Acts Ja. I. 14'24. c. 20. t'.dil. is'ofl. It occurs in the same sense in O. E. BUS << Rise up," he said, " thu proud schereflT, liuske the, and make the bowne ; I have spyed the kyngis felon, Ffor sothe ho is in this towne. il/.S'. Cambridge Libr.Jamieson's Pop. Ball. ii. 58. This figure is common in other languages. Thus, Lat. ad aliquid agendum accingi, to prepare; convi. Tinm ornare, to prepare a banquet. E. to dress, to prepare for any purpose ; to prepare victuals. Isl. buu, while it signifies to prepare in general, is also applied to dress; which renders it in some degree probable that the verbs mentioned above may be traced to it, as having more of a radical form. M bua sig, induere vestes, whence bunad-ur, habi- tus seu vestitus, dressed. 3. -v. 71. To tend, to direct one's course towards. In this sense it is used still more obliquely ; as intimating, that one's course towards any place is a necessary preparation for reaching the object in view. With mekil honour in erd he maid his offering ; Sync buskit hame the samyne way, that he be- fore yude. Thayr mcs na spurris to spair, spcdely thai spring. Gawan and Gol. i. 24. Out of this world all shall we meve, And w hen we busk unto our bier. Again our will we take our leave. Ritson's Anc. Songs, p. 44. Quoted by Mr Ellis, Spec. E. P. I. 263. He renders it go. This use of the term is found in O. E. — Many of tho Danes priuely were left, & busked westward, forto robbe eft. R. Brunne, p. 39. 4. It sometimes seems to imply the idea of rapid motion ; as equivalent to rush. — To the wall thai sped them swith : And sone has wp thair leddir set, That maid a clap quhcn the cruchct Wes lixit fast in the kyrneill. That herd ane oft' the wachis weill ; And buskjjt thiddirwart, but baid. Barbour, x. 404. MS. On the gret ost but mar process thai yeid, Fechtand in frount, and meikle maistry maid ; On the frayit folk bnskj/t with outyn baid, lludly till ray thai ruschit thaim agayne. Wallace, vii. 818. MS. This, however, may be the same with the preced- ing ; the phrases, but baid, nillt outj/n baid, being perhaps added to convey the idea of rapid progress. BusKiNGS, s. Dress, decoration. " That none weare upon their heads, or buskings^ any feathers." Acts Ja. VI. 1021. c. 25. § 2. " If such glorious stones bee the foundation stones, what glorie must bee above in the palace top, where is the busking of beautie .'" Z. Boyd's Last Bat- tell, p. 809. " Too ciiriotis busking is the mother of lusting lookcs, the iuy-busli hung out for to inueigle vn- sanctified hearts vnto folic." Ibid. p. 061. BUSK, f. A bush. My wrctchit fude was berryis of the brymbillj 15 U S And staiiit hcppis, quhilk I in bitskh fand. Doug. Virgil, 90. 17. Su.G. Isl. biiske, Gcrin. busch, Belg. bosch, fru. tex. Ital. boxco, wood. BUSKENING, s. But I know by your busketting. That you have something in studying, For your love, Sir, I think it be. Sir Egeir, p. 13. This seems to signify high-flown language, like that used on the stage; from E. buskin, the high shoe anciently worn by actors. BUSSIN, J-. A linen cap or hood, worn by old women, much the same as Toj, q. v. West of S. Perhaps from MoesG. buss-us fine linen, Gr. /Suo-ffivoi', id. ; or as allied to the following word. BUSSING, s. Covering. The folk was fain To put the bussing on tliair thois ; And sac they (led with all thair main, Doun owre (he brae lykc clogged beis. Redsquair, Evergreen, ii. 230. What is here referred to, is the use of the mer- chants packs, mentioned in the lines immediately preceding. And had not bene the merchant packs There had bene mae of Scotland slain. The English having the advantage at first, part of them seized on the spoil, and loaded themselves with it, in consequence of which they fell into disorder. Perhaps from Germ, busch, fascis, a bundle, a far- del ; if not a derivative from the v. Bush, q. v. BUST, s. A box. V. BuisT. BUST, Boost, s. " Tar mark, upon sheep, com- monly the initials of the proprietor's name," Gl. Sibb. Can this be allied to Germ, buiz, larva ; Tcut. boets, adumbratio picturae, Kilian ? Or, does it merely mean, what is taken out of the tar. bust .^ To BUST, -v. a. To powder, to dust with flour, Aberd. Must, synon. This V. is probably formed from bust, buist, a box, in allusion to the meal-bust. To BUST, V. a. To beat, Aberd. Isl. ioest-a, id. BUSTINE, a^J. " Fustian, cloth," Gl. Neat, neat she was, in busline waistcoat clean, As she came skirting o'er the dewy green. Rumsaifs Poems, ii. 70. Perhaps it rather respects the shape of the garment ; from Fr. buste, " the long, small or sharp-pointed, and hard-quilted belly of a doublet ;" Cotgr. BUSTUOUS, BusTEOus, ai/j. l. Huge, large in size. — — — The same time seudis sche Doun to his folkis at the coist of the se, Twenty fed oxin, large, grete and fyne. And ane hundreth bustuous boukes of swyne. Doug. Virgil, 33. 8. 2. Strong, powerful. The hie tymbrcllis of thare helmes schane, Lyke to bchald as bustuous aikis twane, Beside the beyneriuere Athesis grow. Ibid. 302. 27. That terribil trumpet, I heir tel, BUT Beis hard in heauin, in eirth and hel : Those that wer drownit in the sey, That bustcous blast they sal obey. Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592. p. 167. 3. " Terrible, fierce," Rudd. If used in this sense by Douglas, I have overlooked it. 4. Rough, unpolished. Weill may I schaw my bureil bustious thocht ; Bot thy werke shall endure in laude and glorie, But spot or fait, condigne eterne memorie. Doug. Virgil, 3. 51. The origin of this word is uncertain. Bullet ima- gines that C. D. bostio not only signifies, proud, but high in stature. With considerable probability it has been traced to Su.G. bus-a, cum impetu ferri ; Ellis Spec. I. 352. Nearly connected with this is Teut. boes.ert, impetuose pulsare. Skinner having mentioned Tcut. bi/ster, ferox, immanis, as the ori- gin of K. boisterous, Rudd. says that it " seems to have the same original with this." If Germ, bust.- en, to blow, and Isl. bostra, grande sonare, have no affinity to bustuous, they seem allied at least to the E. word. BusTUousvESS, s. Fierceness, violence. Lat neuir deniyt be The bustuousness of ony man dant the. Doug. Virgil, 374. 45. Violentia, Virg. BUT, prep. Without. V. Box. BUT, adv. Towards the outer apartment of a house, S. And but scho come into the hall anone ; And syne sho went to se gif ony come. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 70. 2. In the outer apartment. — To the bernis fer but sweit blonkis I cast. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 63. To gae but, to go forwards, or into, the outer a- partment, or that used as the kitchen ; sometimes called the but-house, S. It is also used as a prep. Gae but the house, S. A. S. bute, buta, Teut. buyten, extra, foras ; forth, out of doors. V. Ben. But, s. The outer apartment of a house, S. Alony blenkis ben our the but [that] full far sittis. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 62. BUT,/)rf/>. Besides. The gud Stewart off Scotland then Send for his frendis, and his men ; Quhill he had with him, but archeris, And but burdowys and awblasteris, V hundremen, M'ycht and worthi. That bar armys of awncestry. Barbour, xvii. 235, 235. MS.' i. e. " Desjf/es archers, and 6e.f?V/cs burdowys and cross. bowmen, he had no more than five hundred men at arms." A. S. butan, practer. In what manner soever but, without, be derived, this must have a common source ; for it is evidently the same word, very little varied in meaning. BUT, V. imp. Expressive of necessity, S. V. Boot, B U T BUT, /. Let, impediment, S. Tliis is merely the prep., denoting exclusion, used as a substan- tive. BUT AND, />rc/.. Besides. V. Botand. BUTER, Butter, J. Bittern. V. Boytour. BUTT, /. 1. A piece of giound, which in ploughing does not form a proper ridge, but is excluded as an angle, S. 2. It seems also to be used for a small piece of ground disjoined, in whatever manner, from the adjacent lands. In this sense, a small parcel of land is often called, the butts. Vt. bout, end, extremity. This ^Menage derives frcia Celt, bod, id. J.. B. 'btitin tcrrac, agcllus, Fr. huut dc tcrrac ; Du Cange. 3. Those parts of the tanned hides of horses which are under tlie crupper, are called iutts, probably as being the extremities. B W N Bl'Twards, adv. Towards the outer part of a room, S. B. To (his aiild Colin glegly 'gan to hark, Vha with his Jean sat buticards in the mark. Ross's llclenore, p. 126. BWNIST. 1 wald (he gudman wist that wc war heir ! (jiiha wait ))crchancc (he better we may fayr ? For sickcrhe my hart will ewir be sair Gif you scheip's head with Symon bxonist be, And thair so gud meit in yon almoric. Dunbar, Maitlund Poems, p. 75. This is given in Gl. as not understood. But it seems to be merely a superlative formed from boon, contr. from ttbone, aboicjjn, a.hofL-, corresponding to modern boonmost, uppermost, q. r. Belg. buve/i. sic, id. from hovc/i, above. Thus the moaning is; "I shall be sorry if this be the uppermost food in Simon's stomach, if he have nothing after it, when there is better in the ambry." c. CA, Caw, /. A walk for cattle, a particular district, S. B. A crowd of Kcttrin did their forest fill: On ilka side they took it in wi' care; And ii> the ca, nor cow nor ewe did spare. Rois's llclenore, p. '22. From rai:, (o drive, because cattle arc driven through the extent of the district thus denominated. V. Call. CA, s. A pass, or defile between hills, Suthcrl. " — By — the heights of Lcud-na-bca-kach, until you arrive at the C'u (i. c. the slap or pass) of that hill." P. Assint, Sutherl. Statist. Ace. xvi. 168. It seems uncertain whether this be Gael., orform- rd from (he cirrums(anro of tliis being the passage, by which they used to cu!c or drive their cattle. Shaw mentions ccad :is. signifying a pass. CABBACK, J. A cheese. V. Kkbbuck. CABBIE, /. A sortof box, made of laths which claps close to a horse's side, narrow at the top, so as to prevent the grain in it from being spill- ed. One is used on each side of the liorsc in place of a pannier, S. " Thr other hiplcnien(s of husbandry are har- rows, the crooked and straight delving spades, I'.ng. l^h sp.nles. some maflorks, cabbies, erook-sadilles, .rei'K.*' P. Assint, Sutheil. Statist. Aec. xvi. 1K7. This ii.iMie is also givrn to a small harrow or box, witli two wheels, usi-il hy feeble persons for drawing .my tiling .tfiir ilu-ui, Sutherl. pr.mouiued kcbbie. (^ABBRACH, adj. Rapacious, laying hold of every tiling. Gin wc seke on till her a[i]n fouks come here, Ye'U see the town intill a bonny steer; For they're a thrawn and root-hewn cabbrach pack. And start like stanes, and soon wad be our ■wrack. Ross's llclenore, p. 90. Gael, cabhruch, an auxiliary ? CABELD, pret. Reined, bridled. Than said I to my cummcris, in counsalc about, Sec how I eabeld yon eowt with ane kein brydil. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 257. Tent, kcbel, a rope. CABIR, Kabar, Kebbre, s. l. " A rafter, S." Rudd. Messapus than ful feirs, with spere in hand Apoun him draif, thocht he besocht hym sare, And with hys schaft that was als rude and square. As it had bene ane cabir or an spar, J)oun from his swyft coursourc na thyng skar, Smat hym an greuous wound and dedcly byt. Doug. I'irgil, 419, 8. They frac a barn a kabar raught, Ane mounted wi' a bang. Ramsay's Poems, 1. 278. V. Stang. " The difl'ertiit articles made from these woods- are sold at the following prices on the spot : — kcbbres for houses at Js. per dozen, if made of birch, and 6s. of ash." P. Campsie, Stirlings. Statist. Ace. XT. Z1\. 2. The transverse beams in a kiln, on which the grain is laid for being dried, receive the same designation, S. C A C Rudd. refers to Ir. cabar, a joint, a coiii)liii2:, a' the probable origin. To this correspond, C. B. keibr, Corn, kcber, a rafter, Arm. kcbr, c/ucbr, id. j)l. kabiroti; Gael, cubur, a pole, a lath; Ir. ciihrn- ini, to join ; Fr. chevron, anciently cheveroii, a raf- ter, or joist. This Menage derives from L. B. r.ufiro, .onis, id. also written capi'o. Fr. cdbrc, Ital. capre, also signify pieces of wood used for snpporting the awning of a galley ; Vencroni. Caprcolus occurs in Caesar's Comment, as denoting a brace. A word of a similar form had also been used by the Goths. Tent, kcpcr signifies a beam, a brace ; kepers, beams fastened together by braces, Kilian. The word, according to this learned writer, especial- ly denotes the beams of houses terminating in an acute angle. CABROCH, W/. Lean, meagre. 11 ir care is all to clenge thy cubroch hows. Evergreen, ii. 57. st. 18. i. e. thy meagre limbs, or houghs. It is now generally used as a ,v., denoting very lean flesh, or what is scarcely better than carrion : some- times, the llesh of animals which have died of them, selves, Pcrths. V. Trmk. Perhaps from Ir. srahar, the s being thrown a- way. This is the more probable, as skeebroch is the synon. term in Galloway. CAGE, Cms, s. Chance, accident. On cace, by chance. Tlic schippis than on cace war reddy tharc. Doug, yirgil, 24. 20. Fr. cas, Lat. cas-iis. To CACHE, Caich, Cadge, v. a. To toss, to drive, to shog, S. Quhare Criste cachis the cours, it rynnys quent- May nowther power, nor pith, put him to prise. Gaican and Gal. iv. 18. The battellis and the man I will discriue, — Ouer land and se cachit with meikill pyne. Be force of goddis aboue, fra euery stede. Doug. Virgil, 13. 8. It frequently occurs in a neut. sense. The more modern orthography is cadge; Yorks. id. to carry, Marshall. She — naething had her cravings to supplie Except the berries of the hawthorn tree ; — The tjerceliugs race her did so hetly cadge. Her stammack cud na sic raw vittals swage. Rosi''s Hilcnorc, p. 55. Ilearne expl. calchis, " causeth," as used by R. Brunnc. But it seems to signify, drives, p. 240. Sir Edward herd wcle telle of his grcte niisdede, Ther power forto felle, it catchis him to spede. Hence E. cadger, a huckster ; which Sibb. fanci- fully derives from " Sw. korge, a creel, q. corger." The origin certainly is Teut. kuU-en, kets-en, cur- sare, cursitare, discurrere; Belg. een bal kaats-cn, to toss a ball. Perhaps Ital. cacciare, to drive, to thrust, is allied. I may observe that cadger, in S., more properly denotes a fish. carrier. V. Statist. Ace. ii. 508. CACHE KOW, /. " A cow-catcher, a cow- stealer, abigeus," Rudd. CAD Sum wald be court man, sum clerk, and sum ane cache korc. Sum knycht, sum capitanc, sura Caiscr, sum Kyng. Doug. I'irgil, PruL 239. a. 41> It seems very doubtful, if this expression denotes a coicstealer. From the connexion, it rather sug- gests the idea of a catchpoll or bumbailiff, and may strictly correspond to Teut. koe-vangher, praetor rusticus, an officer appointed to seize and detain the coiss, or other cattle, that were found feeding on the property of another ; S. ptindarc, pundlcr, synon. CADDIS, s. Lint for dressing a wound, S. This word as used in E. denotes a kind of tape or ribbon. But in S. it is entirely restricted to the sense above-mentioned. Gai'l. cadas, cotton, a pledget. To CADGE. V. Cache. C ADGELL, s. A wanton fellow. V. Caigie, -j. CADIE, /. 1. One who gains a livelihood by running of errands, or delivering messages. In this sense, the term is appropriated to a society in Edinburgh, instituted for this purpose. " The cadies are a fraternity of people who run errands. Individuals must, at their admission, find surety for their good behaviour. They arc ac quainted with the whole persons and places in Edin> burgh ; and the moment a stranger comes to town, they get notice of it." Arnot's Hist. Edin. p. 503. The usefu' cadie plies in street, To bide the ])rofits o' his feet, For by thir lads Auld Reikie's fock Ken but a sample o' the stock O' theivcs, that nightly wad oppress, And mak baith goods and gear the less. Fergiisson's Poems, ii. 94. The term, I suspect, is originally the same with Fr. cadet, which, as it strictly denotes a younger son of a family, is also used to signify a young person in general. In families of rank, younger sons being employed in offices that might be reckoned impro- per for the representative, the term might, by aii easy transition, be applied to any young person who was ready to do a piece of service for one of superior station, and particularly to deliver messages for him. For there is no evidence, that it originally had any meaning immediately connected with this kind of em- ployment. Fr. cadet was anciently written capdct, and thus pronounced in Gascony. The eldest of the family was called capmas, q. chef dc maison, the chief or head of the family, and the younger capdct, from capitct-um, q. a little head or chief. Diet. Trev. 2. A boy ; one especially who may be employed in running of errands or in any inferior sort of work, S. 3. A young fellow ; used in a ludicrous way, S. Yon ill-tongu'd tintlcr, Charlie Fox, iNlay taunt you wi' his jeers an' mocks; But gie him't hot, my hearty cocks t E'en cow the cadilie ! Burns, iii. 24. CADGY, Cady, adj. Wanton. V. Caigie. CADUC, adj. Frail, fleeting. " Ye have grit occasione to fle thir vardly caduc C A I , bonourls, the quhilkis can nocht be posscsst Titht cut rice." Coiniil. S. p. 267. Fr. caduquc, Lat. caduc-us. C.\FF, /. CHiafT, S. For y'ou 1 laboured night and day, — For you on slinking co//" I lay, And blankets thin. Rainfin/'s Poems, i. 304. '• Crtjf and Draff is go/. Lots. V. Cavel. CAHUTE, J. 1. The cabin of a ship. Into the Katherine thou made a foul cahute. Evergreen, ii. 71. st. 26. Katherine is the name of the ship here referred to. This is probably the primary sense. ;:. A small or private apartment, of any kind. Nycc Lauborynth, quharc Mynotaurc the bul Was kepit, had neuer sa feile cahutis and wayis. Doug. Virgil, 66. 11. Rudd. renders this " windings and turnings ;" al- though he doubts whether it may not " signify little apartments." The tirst idea, for which there ap. pears to be no foundation, had occurred from the term being conjoined with zcaj/is. Germ, kaiute, koiiiie, the cabin of a ship, Su.G. kaijuta, id. Wachter derives the term from koie, a place inclosed ; Celg. sckaaps-kooi, a fold for sheep. C. 15. cau, to shut ; Gr. x«oi, caverna. He also mentions Gr. Kta cubo, and xoitii cubile, as pro. table roots of koic and koiiile. Fr. cahute^ a hut, a cottage; Ir. ca, cai, a house. CAI B, X. The iron employed in making a spade, or any such instrument, Sutherl. •' This John Sinclair and his master caused the smith to work it as (caibs) edgings for labouring im. plemcnts." V. Assint, Sutherl. Statist. Ace. xvi. 'iOI. Gael, cc/ie a spade. CAICHE,/. Thegameof hand-ball. V.Caitche. CAIF, Kaif, (liij. Tame, Sibb. lie derives it from Lai. caplivus. But Sw. kiif- ■ua signifies to tame ; Isl. kitu'j'-a, to suli'ocate. To C.VIGE, Caidge, v. n. To wanton, to wax wanton. Now wallie as the carle he caiges! Fhilo(u.'!,S.P.R.i\\.p.6. This is radically the same with Su.G. kuett-jas, lascivire. Ti/ nacr de begjjnna kact/jas ; They have begun to wax wanton; 1 Tim. v. 11. The terra vulgarly used with respect to a cat, when seeking the male, is from the same origin. She is said to cute, or to be eating, S. Lat. culut-irc has been viewed as a cognate term. \ . the uil/. Caicie, Caidgy, Cady, tiJJ. i. Wanton. Than Kitlok tliair, as aulij as aue con. Without ngaird outher to sin or schamc, Gaue Luwrie Itif, &c. Li/ndsai/'i kVurki.t, ISOi. p. 75. i. c. as wanton as a squirrel. Kcudj/, CJlasg. edit. 1683, and 171'2. Kiddi/ is still used in this sense, Ang. Kiltie, q. V. seems to have the same origin. 2. Cheerful, sportive, having the idea of inno- C A I ccnce conjoined. The phrase, a caidgie carle, often means merely a cheerful old man, S. Kitid i'atic, now fair fa your honest heart, Ye are sae cadgy, and have sic ane art To hearten ane; for now, as clean's a leek, Ye've cherish'd me since ye began to speak. Ramsuy's Poems, ii. 72. On some feast-day, the wee-things buskit braw Shall heeze her heart up wi' a silent joy, Fu' caidgie that her head was uj) and saw Iler ain spun clcething on a darling oy. Careless tho' death shou'd make the feast her foy. Fergus.son\t Poems, ii. 68. Dan. kaad, Su.G. kaat, salax, lacivus; kaete, laelitia, illaque eft'usa et lasciviae contermina. The Su.G. word, however, like the S., is sometimes used in a good sense as signifying cheerful. Fst etiani, nbi demto vitio, hilarem, laetum notat, Ihre. Isl. kaat-ur is also rendered hilaris, 01. Lex. Hun. kiaele, hilaritas, Sw. kiaeitia. Kcdge, brisk, lively, Suttolk, (Kay) is certainly from the same origin. These terms are perhaps radically allied to Tout. kcts-en, to follow, to pursue, multum et continuo sequi, Kilian ; especially as kets-merrie signifies, cqua lasciva, and also, inulier lasciva. Hence, Cadgily, adv. Cheerfully, S. Whan Phebiis ligs in Thetis' lap, Auld Reikie gies them shelter, AN'liare cadgily they kiss the cap, An' ca't round helter-skelter. Fergusson''s Poems, ii. 28. Cadgell, s. a wanton fellow. To tak a young man for his wyfe, Von cudgell wald be glad. Phitotus, S. P. R. iii. 37. CAIK, s, A stitch, a sharp pain in the side, Teut. kocck, obstructio hepatis ; Sibb. CAIK, J'. A cake. This word, when used with- out any addition, denotes a cake of oat-meal, S. " That winter following sa nurturit the Freuche men, that they leirnit to eit, yea, to beg caikis, quhilk at their entry they scoruit." Knox, p. 42. Caik-fumler, X. Apparently, a covetous wretch, q. one v/ho fumbles among the cakes, counting them over lest he be cheated by his domestics. " It is also expl. toad-eater, synon. with Teut. koeck-eter, nastophagus." V. Gl. Sibb. CAIL, s. Colewort. V. Kail. CAYNE, J-. An opprobrious term used by Kennedy in his Flytirig. Cankert cayne, tryd trowane, tutevilloiis. Evergrecfi, ii. 74. st. 34. It is not probable that he here refers to the first murderer. It may be from C. B. ca/i, Ir. ciina, a dog, Lat. cunis. Cayiie, S. is used for a duty paid to a landlord, as part of rent. Hence the term, cuiii. fozcls. V. Cane. From the addition of troicuiie, truant, there may be an allusion to a game-cock, who is bitter enough, although he flinches in tight. In edit. 1508, cuym is the word used. CAIP, Cape, s. The highest part of any thing, E. co/ie ; caip-stane, the cope-stone, S. Teut. kappe, culmeu. V. next word. C A I CAIP, s. A coffin. " Kyng Hary seing his infirmite incres ilk day more, causit hytn to be brocht to Cornwel, quhare he miserabilly decea«sit, ami wes brocht in ane caip of leid in Ingland." Bellend. Croa. 13. xvi. c. 19. Capsa plumbea, Boeth. And to the deid, to lurk under thy caip, I ofl'er mc with hairt richt humily. Henrj/sone, Bannatt/ne Poems, p. 135. *' A coffin is here meant. Knox, in his history, repeatedly uses a cope of leid for a lead-coffin ;" Lord Hailcs. This seems to confirm Skinner's etymon of E. cof. Jin, from A. S. cofe, coj'a, cavca; " a cave, a secret chamber, a vault ;" Somner. But it appears doubt, ful, whether both cope and caip do not simply signi- fy a covering, from A. S. coppe, the top of any thing, Su.G. kappa, Germ, kappe, tegumentum. V. Cope. To CAIR, Kair, w. a. To drive backwards and forwards, S. Care, Gl. Sibb. This word is much used, S. B. Children are said to cair any kind of food which they take with a spoon, when they toss it to and fro in the dish. Isl. kcir-a, Su.G. koer-a, vi pellere. Perhaps the following are cognate terms ; Belg. keer-cn, to turn, A. S. cj/r.an, Germ, kchr-en, to turn and wind a thing ; verkckr-en, to turn outside in, or inside out. To CAIR, Cayr, v. n. \. To return to a place where one has been before. Schir Jhone the Grayme, that worthi wcs and wicht, To the Torhed come on the tothir nycht. — Schyr Jhon the Grayme and gud Wallace couth cair To the Torhed, and lugyt all that uycht. 'Wallace, v. 1052. MS. Thus retorned is used as synon. v. 1058. Thorn Haliday agayne retorned rycht To the Torhall 2. Simply, to go. Rawchle thai left, and went awaj- be nycht, Throu out the land to the Lennox thai cair Till Erll Malcom, that welcumyt thaim full fair. IVallace, ix. 1240. MS. In Perth edit, caj/r ; but cair in MS. In early edit, it is in this place rendered fare. The word seems anciently to have denoted a winding or cir- cuitous course ; allied to A. S. cerre, flexus, viae flexio, diverticulum ; as the t'. cerr-an, cj/rr-an, signifies to return, to go back. Belg. keer-en. Germ, ker-en, to turn, also to turn away ; heim keren, to return home. Most probably, it is ori- ginally the same with the preceding v. V. Keir. CAIR, Caar, Carry, acl/. Corresponding to E. left ; as cair-hundit, carry-h aridity left- handed ; S. V. Ker and Cleuck. CAIRD, Card, Kaird, s. l. A gipsy, one who lives by stealing, S. What means that coat ye carry on your back \ Ye maun, I ween, unto the kairds belang, Seeking perhaps to do somebody wrang ; And meet your crew upon the dead of night. C A I And brak some house, or gee thefouk a fright.— Hegh, hey, quo Bydby, this is unco hard, That whan fowk travel, they are ca'd a kaird. Ross's lielenore, p. 06, 67. 2. A travelling tinker, S. Hth! Sirs! what cwVJy and tinklers, An' ne'er-do-weel horso-coupers, An' spae-wives fenyeing to be dumb, Wi' a' siclike landloupers. FcrgussoiVs Poems, ii. 27. — Yill and whisky gie to cairds. Until they sconuer. Buriift, iii. go. 3. A sturdy beggar, S. ; synon. with Soniar, q. v. 4. A scold, S. B. From Ir. ceard, ceird, a tinker, whence ceird is used to denote a trade or occupation ; unless we should derive it from C. B. Ceardh, which is equi- valent to Uardh, a poet, a bard. As they were wont to travel through the country ; when the office fell into contempt, it might become a common designation for one who forced his company on others. Baird, in our laws, indeed, frequently occurs as a term of reproach. CAIRN, s. 1. A heap of stones, thrown t». gether in a conical form, S. " At a small distance farther is a cairn of a most stupendoiis size, formed of great pebbles, which are preserved from being scattered about by a circle of large stones, that surround the whole base. — " These immense accumulations of stones ai'e the sepulchral protections of the heroes among the an- cient natives of our islands : the stone-chests, the repository of the urns and ashes, arc lodged in the earth beneath. — The people of a whole district as- sembled to shew their respect to the deceased, and by an active honoring of his memory, soon accu- mulated heaps equal to those that astonish us at this time. But these honours were not merely those of the day ; as long as the memory of the deceased en- dured, not a passenger went by without adding a stone to the heap ; they supposed it would be an honor to the dead, and acceptable to his inanes. — " To this moment there is a proverbial expression among the highlandcrs allusive to the old practice j a suppliant will tell his patron, Ctirri mi clock er do clianie, 1 will add a stone to your cairn ; meaning, when you are no more I will do all possible honor to your memory." Pennant's Voyage to the He- brides, p. 206. 208. 209. In Angus, where any person has been murdered, a cairn is erected on the spot. Gael. Ir. cam, C. B. carneddau, id. 2. A building of any kind in a ruined state, 2, heap of rubbish, S. And tho' wi' crazy eiid I'm sair forfairn, I'll be a Brigj when ye're a shapeless cairn. Burns, iii, 55« CAIRT, s. A chart or map. Gif that thou culd descryue the cairt. The way thou wald go richt. BurePs Filg. fViUson's Coll. ii. 'iO, Teut. karte, Fr. carte, id. CAIRTARIS, J.//. Players at cards. Cc C A L «« Dffaos the alteris were not so easilie to be re. paired a^.ne, thoy prori.lit (at.l.s, .lul.a.rof sum Lfoir ufi. .o MTV for Drunkauiis >v"an;and Cortari., bot Ih.v «ar hol.e ) nouch. for the 1 rcist and liii l'ail::.an." Knox's Jlist. p. 139- CAIRWEIDS, s. pi. Mourning weeds, q. wcctls of care. , (iuhen tl..xt I fio to the kirk, clcd in catruetd^, Ah foi in an. lan.bis flcsrlu. frinye I my cl.e.r. Dunbar, Muitlund Focms, p. OU. ToCAlT, r.«. V. Gate. CAITCHE, Caiche, /. A kind of game. Thorlil I priicli nochl 1 can play at the caiche, 1 Willi tliair U noclit ane amoni; you all Mair fcrilic can play at tlie fute ball. Li/iuhiifsS. P. Ilq>r. n. 213. This language I.yndsay puts in the moulh of a Popish parson. The game seems to be that of ball played «ilh the hand, as distinguished horn foot, ball. It is UK-rely Teut. lacl.-e, ictus pilac : also, niela sive terminus pilae ; kacls-eii, kcts.ai, sectan pilam, ludere pila palmaria ; kaet'<.ball, pila manu- aria, a hand-ball ; kac(s.-pcl, luJus i>ilae. V. Kilian. CALCHEN, t. (gutt.) A square frame of wood, with ribs across it, in the form of a grid- iron, on which the people in the North of S. dry their camlk-Jir, in the chimney ; Aberd. Isl. kialke, katkc, a dray, a sledge. The calchen may have received its name from its resemblance to a sli'diji'. To CALL, Ca', Caa, Caw, -j. a. l. To drive, to impel in any direction, S. Thau IJonnok «ith the runipany, Tlial in his wayne closyl he had, AViiit on his way, but mar debaid, And callit his men towart the pcle. And the portar, that saw him welc Cum ner the yat, it opuyt sone. And lliau Bonuok, for ow tyn hone, Cert cull the wayne deliuerly. Harbour, \. '223. 227. MS. In edit. Pink, men is substituted for icaj/ne, v, 223. apparently froui inattention to the sense of callU. It is probable that call, in the cry Call all, used as an ciisciiii/ic on this occasion, has the same meaning, q. '• Drive on, all." lie rryt, "Tiny If! Call all ! Call all !" ver. 231. 'I'liir cartaris had sthort suerdis, offgiLd steill, ^Vndyr thar weidis, cuUi/t furth the cartis weill. ^JVallace, ix. 714. MS. V. /)-i»,?. f'irgil, 258. 10. We nrviT thought it w rang to frt' a prey : Our auld forbeers practis'd it all their days. Rust's Ih'lcnore, p. 122. To caic a nail, to drive a nail, S. To can a shoe en a horse. V. NAtr.. ■2- To strike, with the prep, at, S. His spear before him could he fang, Suppose it was both great and lang, And culled riyht fast at Sir Cray Steel, IJihind of it left never a doel : Aud (;ray >stecl called at Sir (irahame; Aa wood lyons they « rought that limc. Hir Egcir, p. 15. C A L «•■ You caa hardest at the nail that drives fastest." S. ProT. Kelly, p. 371. The pron. of this MOrd is invariably caw. Hence, although more anciently written call, it is probable that this may have proceeded from its being pro- nounced in the same manner with call, voeare. For there is no evidence that these verbs have any ra. dical aflinity. Our term may be allied to Dan. kagc, leviter verbero ; especially as " to caw," " U) caw on," is to drive forward a horse by means of the lash. To Call, Ca', -j. n. To move quickly, S. I mounts, and with them all' what we could ca' ; Twa miles, ere we drew bridle, on we past. Rosii'i llclciwrc, p. 70. Although the language is metaph., it respects walking. . . Call, Caw of the water, the motion of it in consequence of the action of the wind, S. V. the V. Caller, i. One who drives horses or cattle under the yoke. " Their plough is drawn by four beasts going side for side. The caller (driver) goes before the beasts backward with a whip." 5lS. Adv. Libr, Uarry's Orkney, p. 447. CALD, Cauld, c^'. 1. Cold. O stay at hamc now, my son Willie, The wind blaws cald and sour ; The nicht will be baith mirk and late, Before ye reach her bow cr. Jumicsoii's Popular Ball. ii. 185. MoesG. kalds, A. S. ccnld, Aleni. chalf, chalti, Su.G. kull, Germ. Isl. halt, id. V. the s. 2. Cool, deliberate, not rash in judgment. Aud into counsalis geuing he was hald Ane man not vndegest, bot wise and culd. Doug, yirgil, 374. 9. Cald, Cauld, s. l. Cold, the privation of heat, S. — Sum of thame thare poysow nyt ware. Sum devd in cald, and hungyr sare. IVjjnfPicu, vii. 2. 18. 'Tis not the frost that freezes fell, Nor blawing snow's inclemency ; 'Tis not sic cauld that makes me cry, But my love's heart's grown cauld to rac. Ritr-on's S. Songs, i. 157. 2. The disease caused by cold, S. Cauld coal. It is said of one, whose hopes are very low, in whatever respect, or who has met with some great disappointment cu: loss; He has a cauld coal to hlatv at, S. The phrase seems of Goth, origin. Su.G. brcnna at koldum koluin ; comburere ad /rigidos usque car- bones. Caldrife, Cal'ldrife, adj. i. Causing the: sation of cold. ! sen- IJout ay, poor man, come ben your wa', — We'll ca' a wedge to make you room, 'Thas been a cauldriff'e day. Song, Ross's Ilelcnore, p. 142. 2. Very susceptible of cold, S. 3. IndifTerent, cool, not manifesting regard or in- terest, S. C A L Wha is't that gars the greedy Banker prievc The maiden's tocher, but the maiden's leave ? By you when spulyied o' her charming pose, She tholes in turn the taunt a' cauldrife joes. Fergussu7i's Pocrns, ii. 75, From caitld, and rife, abundant. Cauldrifeness, Coldrifeness, /. 1. Suscep- tibility of cold, chilness, S. 2. Coolness, want of ardour, S. " At the tirst we were looked upon for our cold, rifeness, with a strange eye by many ; yet, t-re forty-eight hours were passed, we were cried up for %rise men." Baillie's Lett. i. 412. Cauld steer, sour milk and meal stiifcd to- gether in a co/i/ state, S. B. CALFLEA, s. Infield ground, one year under natural grass, Ang. It seems to have receiv- ed this designation, from the calves being turn- ed out on it. CALFING, s. Wadding. V. Colf. CALICRAT, s. The Culicrat that lytle thing, Bot and the honuy bic, — With mumming and humming The bee now seiks his byke, Quhils stinging, quhils tlinging, From hole to hole did fyke. Burel-i Pilz- Watson's Coll. ii. 26. To CALKIL, v. a. To calculate. " Qiiha can calkil the degrcis of kyn and blude of the barrons of Scotland, thai vil conferme this samyn." C'omiil. S. p. 2f>2. Fr. cakiil-er, id. CALLAN, Calland, s. i. A stripling, a lad; " a young calland," a boy, S. The calland gaii'd and glou r'd about, But no ae word cou'd he lug out. Ramsai/'' s- Poem<:, i. 283. " Principal! Baillie, in his letters, speaking of Mr Dcnniston, says ; — He was deposed by the protesters in 1655 ; for his jiart he saw nothing evil of (he man. The protesters, says he, put in his room Ah- John Law, a poor barter callan, who had but lately left his trade, and hardly know his grammar, but they said he was gifted.'''' P. Campsie, Stirlings. Statist. Ace. XV. 360," N. The able writer must certainly have quoted from memory, and not very accurately. For Mr Law is said " within these three years" to have been '• brought from a pot/i/igcr to be laureate." A Mr Henry Forsyth is indeed mentioned as " lately a ba.cter-bvi/ ," but he had no connexion with Camp. sie. V. Baillie's Lett. ii. 406. 2. Often used as a familiar term, expressive of affection to one, although considerably advanced in life, S. It occurs in Hamilton's doggrel. O fani'd and celebrated Allan ! Renowned Ramsay ! canty callan ! — Ramyat/''s- Poems, ii. 233. Sibb. derives it from Fr. galand, nebulo. But tlie Fr. word does not occur in this sense, properly signifying a lover. The term is not, as far as I have observed, used by any of our old writers. But it is most probably ancient, as being generally used by C A L the vulgar ; and may be from the same root with Cimb. kail, A. S. culla, Isl. knlla, a man ; Su.G. kully which anciently signilied a male; A«/<, puer, kulla, puella, Hisp. chula, puer infans. I have, however, been sometimes disposed to view it as merely, like can from gaii, a corr. of galand, a word much used by ancient writers, and often in a familiar way. By this term Douglas renders _^'((re/iei-. Tharfor haue done, galandis, cum on your way, Enter within our lugeing, we you pray. Hrgil, 32. 50. Quare agite, O tectis,^"«oeHe.9, succedite nostris. Virg. i. 631. And eik ane hundreth followis reddy boun, Of young gallandis, with purpure crestis rede, Thare giltin gere maid glittering euery stede. Ibid. 280. 20. Centeni — juvenes. Virg. ix. 103. C ALLOT, s. A mutch or cap for a woman's head, without a border, Ang. Fr. calotte, a coif; a little light cap, or night-cap. CALLOUR, Caller, Cauler, adj. i. Cool, refreshing, S. " A callour day," a cool day. Widequhare with fors so Eolus schoutis schill, In this cougelit sesoun scharp and chill, The callour are, jienetratiue and pure, Dasing the blude in euery creature. Made seik warme stouis and bene fyris bote. Doug, f'irgil, 201. 37. The rivers fresh, the calhir streams Ouer rocks can softlie rin. Iliime, Chron. S. P. iii. 387. And when the day grows het we'll to the pool. There wash oursells ; 'tis healthfu' now in May, And sweetly cauler on sae warm a day. Ramsaj/'s Poems, ii. 75. 2. Fresh, in proper season ; as opposed to what is beginning to corrupt, in consequence of be- ing too long kept, or is actually in a state of putridity, S. Thay hant ful oft hunting in woddis at hand; Eucr lykis thame to cache and driue away The recent spreithand fresche and callour pray. Dong. I'irgil, 235. 44. " Quhen the salmondis faillis thair loup, thay fall callour in the said caldrounis, & ar than maist de- litius to the mouth." Bellend. Descr. Alb. c. 11. In the same sense we still speak of callour meat, callour Ji^h, callour ziutter, kc. But come let's try how tastes your cheese and bread ; And mean time gee's a waught of caller whey. Ross's IJelenore, p. 94. This word, in its primary meaning, does not de- note the same degree of frigidity as cald; but ra- ther signifies, approaching to cold. We speak of a callour ziind in a sultry day. In form it nearly re- sembles Isl. kalUlur, frigiilus. " Callar. Fresh, cool. The collar air, the fresh air. North. Callar ripe grosiers ; ripe goose, berries fresh gathered." Gl. Grose. CALOO, Cai-loo, Calaw, s. Anas glacialis, Orkn. Cc 2 CAM '> Thr pintail duck, (anas acuta, Lin.Syit.) wliicTt hji liire qot Ihp name of the iiiloo, or coal and n,n,llc liaht, from the so.nul it utters, is often seen in diflWeiit j.lacfs throiiph tl.e winter; but on the return of sirring it departs for some otiior country. Harrv'- Orkney, p. 301. . . ,. • "AmonR these «o may reckon— the pickfernie, the norie, and cnllerneb, the c«/«r.-, the scarf, and tliefeapic or the rlialdrick." P. Kirkwall, Orku. Slali't. Ace. viii. 546. «' In l)r Harry's History of Orkney— the calloo is hv mistake statedto be the Anas acuta, or pintail duck, which is a much rariTbird.—Theca//oo — named from iljcreningcall, which resembles thesoundco//oo, calloo, arrives from the arctic ronions in autumn, aud spends the winter here." Ncill's Tour, p. 79. Perhaps from Isl. kalt.a clamare. C.-\LSAY, /. Causeway, street. Acts Ja. VI. Pari. ).S. Table of Acts not imprinted. As our forefathers generally changed / or II into u or IT, they often inserted / instead of u or is. V. Caisey. CALSHIE, adj. Crabbed, ill-humoured, S. (Jin she but bring a wee bit toelier, And cnhliie fortune deign to snochcr, But bid her work, — her head it dizzies. Morison''s Poemi, p. 82. Isl. knl'-a, irriderc ; kalx irrisio, Aa«/;(',f-«r, irri- sor, derisoT, Vercl. Ind. kollske, id. G. Andr. C.\LM, C.-vuLM, rtwards of 20 or 30 pounds weight. They are said to come from the coasts of Norway." I'. Birsc, Aberd. Statist. Acr. iv. 109, N. CANE, Kain, Cavage, s. A duty paid by a tenant to his landlord, S. "Cane cheese," «• cane aits," or oats, &.c. But last owk, nae farder gane. The laird got a' to pay his kain. Ramsai/'s Pocma, ii. 525. This phrase sometimes signifies to sutler severely in any rau^e. For Campbell rade, but Myric staid, And sair he paid the kain, man ; Fell skelps he got, was war than shot, Frae the sharp-ed^'d claymore, nian. Ililson'a S. Songs, ii. 78. •' This word, caw, signifies the head, or rather tri- bute or dewiic, as f«Mc fotclcs, ea»c chcis, cam- ailes, quhilk is paid be (he tennent to the maister as ane duty of the land, esi^'cially to kirkmen ic pre- Lits. — ('iinagi- of woll or hides is taken for the cus- totoc tUcirgf." Skcue, Dc Verb. Sign. to. Cunum, CAN L. B. can-iim, can. a. This Skene derires from Gael, cean, the head, which, he says, also signilics tribute. He apprehends that this was originally a capitation tax. CANDLEMAS CROWN, s. A badge of distinction, for it can scarcely be called an honour, conferred, at some grammar-schools, on him who gives the highest gratuity to the rector, at the term of Candlemas, S. " The scholars — pay — a Candlemas gratuity, ac- cording to their rank and fortune, from 5s. even as far as 5 guineas, when there is a keen competi- tiou for the Candlemas croisn. The king, i. e. he ■who pays most, reigns for six weeks, during which period he is not only eniitled to dem.ind an after- noon's play for the scholars once a week, but he has also the royal privilege of remitting punish, ments." 1'. St Andrews, Fife, Statist. Ace. xiii. 211. To CANGLE, v. n. To quarrel, to be in a state of altercation, b. " Yc cangle about uncoft kids ;" Ramsay's &. Prov. p. 81. Hence, Cangli.vg, i. Altercation, S. " At last all commeth to this, that wee arc in end found to haue beene neither in moode nor figure, but only jangling and cungling, and at last returning to that where once wee beganne." Z. Boyd's Last Batleil. p. 530. Cangler, s. A jangler, S. " Fye 1" said ae cangler, " what d'ye mean ? I'll lay my lugs on't that he's green." Ramsajj'x Poems, ii. 1S2. CANKERT, Cankerrit, adj. " Cross, ill- conditioned, S." Rudd. A. Bor. id, Saturniisget Juno, That can of wraith and malice neiter ho. Nor satisfyit of hir auld fiirie nor wroik. Rolling in mynd full mony cankerrit blo;k. — Doug. Virgil, 14S. 4. CANNA DOWN, Cannacii, Cotton grass, Eriophorum vaginatum, Linn. " Cannuch is the Gaelic name of a plant common in moory ground, without leaf or lateral outshoot of any kind, cuusistiug merely of a slender stem sup- porting a silky tufi, beautifully white, and of glossy brightness." Mrs Grant's Poems, N. p. 115. My amiable ai>d ingenious friend, in the poem it- self, has beautifully marked the use made of this as a figure by the Highland poet, when describing his mistress. The downy cannarh of the wat'ry moors. Whose shining tufts the sheplicrd-boy allures; Which, when the Summer's sultry heats prevail, Sheds its light iilumage on th' inconstant gale: Fven such, so silky soft, so dazzling white, Her mod(.-st bosom seems, retir'd from sight. Ibid. p. -42. " This is ' (he down of Cana,' of Ossian, and forms a beautiful similie in his justly-celebrated poems." P. Clunic, Ferths. Statist. Ace ix. 238. This in Ang. is called the canna dotcn. It is often used, by the common people, instead of feathers, for stuffing their pillows. C A N CANNA, Cannae. Cannot, compounded of can v., and na, or nae, not, S. Diiina, do not, Sauna, sliall not, JVinna, \\\\\ not, Doiiitu, am, oris, notable, are used in the same manner, S. This form seems to be comparatively modern. It is not used by Dunbar, Douglas, and other classical writers. It indeed occurs iu The Jczc's Duuglitcr, a pretty old Scottish ballad. I -uiniiae cura in, I cannac cum in, Without my play-feres nine. Pcrci/'s Reliqiics, i. 30. Also in Adam o' Gordon. 1 ;c/««a cum doun, ye fause Gordon, 1 liintia cum doun to thee, I ziiiina forsake ray ain deir lord, Thoueh he is far frae me. — Busk and boun, my mirry men a', For ill doom 1 do guess: I caniut luik on that bonnie face. As it lyes on the grass. Piiikcrton's Select S. Ballads, i. 46. 49. C ANNAS, Cannes, s. i. Any coarse cloth, like that of which sails are made, S. B. 2. It often denotes a coarse sheet used for keeping grain from falling on the ground, when it is winnowed by means of a wecht, S. B. Hence, a canness-lraid, as broad as, or, the breadth of such a sheet. The shade beneath a canncss-hraid out throw Held all' the sun beams frae a bonny how. Ross's llclcnorc, p. 27. 3. Metaph. the sails of a ship, S. B. A pull" o' wind je ciulna get. To s,a.T your catiiias wag. Foems in the Ihichun Dialect, p. 10. E. canvas, Fr. canevas, Sw. ktnij'uss, Dan. c«/ic. fas ; frou) Lat. cannabis, q. cloth made of hemp. CANNEL, s. Cinnamon. " That George lletherwick have in readiness of fine flour, some great bunns, and other wlicat bread of the best order, baken Mith sugar, cannel, and other spices fitting." llec. Pittenwcem, 1631. Statist. Ace. iv. 376, 377. Fr. cannelle, cinnamon, Teut. Dan. Cancel, Ital. cancUa, Hisp. cantla, id. Chauc. candle. This word may be derived from Lat. canna, a cane or reed, in the form of which the cinnamon is brought to Europe. But the authors of Diet. Trev. prefer deriving it from Ileb. cane, which has the same meaning with calamus aromaticus among the Latins. Cannei.-waters, s. pi. Cinnamon waters, S. CANNELL BAYNE, s. Collar-bone. Wallace retorned besyd a burly ayk, And on him set a fellone sekvr straik ; Baith canncll baync and schuldir blaid in twa, Throuch the mid cost the gud suerd gart he ga. JVallace, v. 823. MS. Fr. canneau du col, the nape of the neck, Cotgr. To CANNEL, v. a. To channel, to chamfer, S. Fr. cannel-cr, id. CANNY, Kannie, adj. l. Cautious, prudent, S. " The Parliament is wise, to make in a cannj/ and CAN safe wa}', a wholesome purgation, that it may be timeous." Baillie's Lett. ii. 138. 2. Artful, crafty, S. " Mr Marshall, the chairman, by co;!?jy convey- ance, got a sub-committee nominate according to his mind. — Vines, Herle, &c. of our mind were named ; but seeing us excluded by Marshal's cunning, would not join." Baillie's Lett. ii. 67. " I trust in God, to use the world, as a canny or cunning master doth a knave-servant ; — he giveth him no handling or credit, only he instructetli [in. trusteth ?] him with common errands, wherein he can- not i)Iay the knave." llutherford's Lett. P. I. ep. 11. The carling brought her kebbuck ben. With girdle-cakes well toasted brown; Well does the canny kimmcr ken, They gar the scuds gac glibber down. Ritsun's S. Songs, i. 269. lie cxpl. it in Gl. " knowing." But it properly denotes that species of knowledge which implies art. fulness. 3. Attentive, wary, watchfiil, S. Ye gales that gently wave the sea, And please the canny boatman, Bear me frae hence, or bring to me My brave, my bonny Scotman. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 256. That this is the meaning here, appears from the change of the term to tenty, iu a following stanza. Fair winds, and tenty boatman, ^Vaft o'er, waft o'er, Frae yonder shore. My blyth, my bonny Scot.man. 4. Frugal, not given to expence, S. Wiiereforc nocht sail be wanting on my part, To gather wealth io raise my shepherd's heart. Whate'er he wins, I'll guide with canny care. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 82. My riches a's my penny. fee, An' I maun guide it cann/c, O. Burns, iii. 280. 5. Moderate in charges, reasonable in demands, S. 6. Useful, beneficial, S. — Tliae auld warld foulks had wondrous canu Of herbs that were baith good for beast and man ; And did with care the canny knack impart Unto their bairns, and teach the useful art. Ross's Jlclenore, p. 15. 7. Handy, expert at any business, S. ; hence used as an epithet to denote women who, from ex- perience, are qualified to assist at child birth. The canny wives came there conveen'd, All in a whirl. Forbcs's Dominie Dcpos'd, p. 36. In dust here lies auld Nanny Gowdy, A skilly wife, our ])arish howdy; Wha did her jobs sae freely canny. That mony ane laments poor Nanny. Shinefs' Poems, p. 266. 8. Gentle, so as not to hurt a sore. In this sense one is said to be verv canny about a sick per- son, S. 3 CAN p. Sofi, easy ; as applied to a state of rest, S. Thtrc's 11]) into a pK.isant glin, A wci- piece frac my fathir's tower, A canny, Mift, and llow'ry dcii, Which circling birks has form'd a bower. liamxiys Pucms, ii. '»'27. 10. Slow in motion. " To gang canny," or " can- nily," to move slowly, S. The "ife slade cfinnie to her bed, But ne'er spak mair. Burns, iii. 48. Here used for titc adr. " To caiv caiiii) ," to drire softly ; a phrase also used mclai)h. to denote frugal management, S. 11. Soft and easy in motion, S. A horse is said to have a canny step, when he is not hard in the scat. 12. Safe, not dangerous ; not difficult to manage. Thus, " a canny horse," is one that may be rode with safety, that is not too spirited, or given to stumbling, S. Ye ne'er was donsie, But hamely, tavvie, quiet an' cannie, Au' unco sonsie. Burns, iii. 141. No rannif is used in a sense directly opposite; not safe, daniicroiis, S. Her l)ri)thi'r boat her cruellie, Till his straiks they were na canny ; lie brak her back, and he beat her sides, For the sake o' Andrew Lammie. Jamieson's Popiil. Ball. i. 132. 13. Composed, deliberate, as opposed to^oc^<;j, tbrow/fji-r, S. 14. Not hard, not difficult of execution. Uely vi- the elder bairns come drapping in, At serrire out, aiiiang the farmers roun' ; Some ca' the pleugh, some herd, some tentic ria A cannie errand to a ncebor town. Burns, iii. 175. 13. Easy in situation, snug ; comfortable. It is said of one who is in easy circumstances, who is not subjected to the toils of others ; He, or she, " sits very canny ;" or, " has a braw canny seat," S. Syne, for amends for what I'tc lost, Edge me into some cunni/ post. Ilam.tuj/'i Poems, i. 44. 10. Fortunate, lucky, S. Farewel, old Calins, kannie all thy life. By birth, by issue, and a vertuous wife; B) gifts of mind and fortune from above, The fruits of Ceres and the country's love. Penneiiiik''i Poem), 1713. p. 62. And ithers, who last year their garrets kept, now, by a kanny gale. In the o'crflowing ocean spread their sail. liainuiy'^ Poems, i. 324. WhacTcr by his canny fate, Is master of a good estate, — Lei him enjoy 't withoutten care. Il/ni. i. 83. n. Fortunate, used in a superstitious sense, S. CAN They say, if she baud hail and tight. That slie will ha'e the second .'ight.— Her canny hand will scarcely fail, Whatc'er she tries, to help or heal, She'll seldom blunder. On the birth nf a Seventh Daughter. R. Gallon zcay's Poems, p. 121. In this sense it is often used negatively. It's no canny, it is not fortunate ; a phrase applied to any thing, which is opposed to a,frcit or vulgar supersti- tion, S. An odd. like wife, they said, that saw, A moupin runkled granny : She fley'd the kimmers ane and a', Word gae'd she was na kanny ,• Nor wad they let Lucky awa, Till she was fou wi' branny. Ramsay's Poems, i. 272. 18. Good, worthy, S. " The. word canny is much in use here, as well as on the other side the border, and denotes praise. A canny person, or thing; a good sort of person." P. Canoby, Dunifr. Statist. Ace. xiv. 429. This sense is not unknown even in the North of S. Jl braid canny man, a pleasant, good-condition- ed, or worthy man. Many of these are evidently oblique senses. In senses first and second, it is nearly allied to Isl. kiacn, rendered, sciens, prudcns ; also, callidus, astutus, Verel. Ind. Kaeni, fortis et prudens, ibid. ; kindug-ur vafer et technis scatens, G. Andr. p. 144. Su.G. kimnog, sciens, peritus. The Isl. term is also frequently used with respect to those supposed to be vcrsant in magical arts. Kunnog occurs in the same sense. Ilarald K. baud cininugiim manniim ; Ha- raldus Rex rogavithariolos ; Kn} tl. S. p. 4. Ihre, vo. Kiinna. The general origin is MoesG. kunn-an, pres. kann, A. S. ccnn-an, ^omn. conn-an,cii>nian; Su.G. kacnn-a, Isl. kenn-a, Teut. kenn-en, noscere. " Canny. Nice, neat, houscwively, handsome. Newcastle, Norfhumb. and North." Gl. Grose. It is also used as a designation for Cumberland, by the inhabitants of it; perhaps as equivalent to, com- fortable. But the word, it may be suspected, has been imi)orted from S. into the North of E. For the only classical K. word, corresponding to canny, is cunning adj., especially in the sense of knowing, skilful: and this is from the A. S. v. signifying to know, as canny is more immediately allied to Isl. kunnc, kenn-a. For kiaen, sciens, &c. mention- ed above, is obviously the part. pr. of this v. It seems to demonstrate the radical affinity of our term to the Scandinavian verbs of this signiticatiou, that there is no evidence that the A.S. v. had any rela- tion to magical arts. Cannily, adv. 1. Cautiously, prudently, S. " He has hirke«/ goods in Eng- land are not liable in restitution ; but our country, man Welwood in his Sea- Laws, c. 25. Of things taken on the Sea, shows a decision to the contrary ; but it is in 1487, near 200 years old." Fountain, hall's Decisions, L 80. 3. Capped., used by K. James as apparently signi- fying, entrapped, caught in a snare beyond the possibility of recovery. "• Yet \.o these capped creatures, he [the devil] appeares as hoe pleases, and as he finds meetest for their humours." Daemonology. Works, p. 120. Lat. cap-io, Su.G. kipp-u, attrahere violcnter, ra. pere, vcUere. Caper, s. A privateer. — States .and princes pitching quarrels, Wars,''Tlebcls, Horse races, Proclaim'd at several mercat-places : Capers bringing in their prizes, Commons cursing new excises. Cuh-il\s Mock Poem, p. 34. That this is the meaning of the terra appears from that of the t'. Cupper, q. v. To CAP, V. a. To direct one's course. The port to quham we cappit was full large. Doug. Fi'rgil, 87. 36. Thair may cum stormcs, and cans a lek, That ye man cup be wind and waw. Dunbur, Maitland Poemx, p. 133. Teut. kape is a beacon, signum litorale, Kilian. The word, as used by Dunbar, seems to have the same sense with E. chop about ; which may be de- rived from Su.G. kop-a, Isl. kanp-a, permurare. CAPER, s. A piece of oat-cake and butter, with a slice of cheese on it ; Perths. Gael, ceap- aire, " a piece of bread and butter," Shaw. Here, I suspect, part of the necessary description is omitted. CAPERCAILYE, Capercalyeane, s. The mountain-cock, S. Tetrao urogallus, Linn. CAP CAP '• Money rth'ir fo« lis ar in Scotland, quhilkis ar sciio in na vthir partis of the warlil, as capercailye, ant' fowl iiiair than aric rauin, qtihilk leillis allanerlie of barkis of tii-is." Uellcucl. l)escr. Alb. c. 1 1. Bocce is mistaken here, as in many other asser. fioiis. The nioiin tain. cock is found in Sweden and several other countries. In Hvcrg. 11. 20. it is capcrcatyeane. But this is eTidi nfly a corr. For the tcrniination does not cor- respond with that of the last component word, as found in all tlie Celtic dialects. (!ael. caoloch, C. B. kcl/iog, Corn, hitl/iog, Arm. kilioir, Ir. kjjliach, a cock. The origin of caper seems uncertain. Gael. cabliar, accorUing to Shaw, signifies any old bird ; and ciibare, a black cock. He ■^\\cs capulUoille, however, as the Gael, word; e\pl;iiniug it " tlic mountain cock." Dr Stuart renders the Black Cock, Coileuch dt/fih. P. Lnss, Dunbartons. Statist. Ace. xvii. 219. But capiil seems to mean only a horse or marc. This perhaps may account for the translation, given by Boece, of the word which he writes Averculye ; Silvestres cipii a[)pellati. Why he has substituted aver for caper or capi/l, it is not easy to imagine, un- less we admit Mr Pennant's testimony, that " in the Highlands of Scotland, North of Inverness," it is known by botii names. Zool. I. 263. Lisly fol- lows Boece in his translation, although he gives the name dillerently : — Avis quacdam rarissima Ciijier. culjje, id est silvesterequus vulgo dicta. — Scot. Descr. p. 24. The English translator, in the Description of Bri- tain published by Holliushed, while he borrows the name Capcrca/ljje from Uellenden, retains the trans- lation given by Boece, which Bellenden had reject- ed. " There are other kindes of birdes also in this country, the like of which is no where else to be scene, as the Capercailije or wilde horse, greater in body than the raven, and living only by the rindes and barkes of the pine trees." Pennant says that capercaUy signifies " the horse of the wood ; this species being, in comparison of others of the genus, pre-eminently large." He sub. joins, in a Note; " For the same reason the Ger- mans call it Aur-han, or the Urns or wild ox cock." But to support a ridiculous designation, he commits an error in etymology. For aur-han does not sig. nify " the Urns or wild ox cock ;" but simply, the wild cock. It is com])ounded of aiir w ild, and hun cock, gallus silvestris ; in the very same manner w ith the original word, rendered Urus bj' the Latins, which is Germ, aur-ock'', the wild ox, bos silvestris. V. Wachter. Aur is sometimes written aiier. Thus the mountain cock is called auer-huhn by Frisch, I. 107. 108., although Wachter says erroneously. Shall we suppose, that some of the Northern inhabi- tants of Scotland, who spake Gothic, knowing that cailoch with their Celtic neighbours signified a cock, conjoined with it their own word aur or auer? It is also written caper coille. " The caper coille^ or wild turkey, was seen in Glenmorislon, and in the neighbouring district of Strathglass, about 40 years ago, and it is not known that this bird has appeared since, or that it now ex- ists in Britain." P. Urquliarl, Inverness, Statist. Ace. XX. 307. Our wise prince, James VI., after his accession to the throne of England, gave this substantial proof of his regard for the honour of his native kingdom, that he wrote very urgently to the Earl of Tullibardine, A. 1617, to send him some capcrcuUies now and then by icaji of present. " Which consideration [i. c. our' love and care of that our native kir.gdou'.,] and the know n commodi- tie yee have to provide capercullies and teriiiigantis, have moved Us very earne'ilic to request you, to em. ploy both your oune paines and the travclles of your frieudis for provision of each kind of the saidis foules, to be now and then sent to Us be zvay of pre- sciit, be meanes of Our deputy.the>aurcr ; and so as the first sent thereof may meet Us on the 19th of April, at Durham, and the rest as we shall happen to meet and rencounter them in other places, on our way from thence to Berwick. The raritic of these foules will both make their estimation the more i)retious, and confirm the good opinion conceaved of the good chearc to be hud there." Statist. Ace. xx. 473, N. C APERNOITIE, Capernoited, adj. Crabbed, irritable, peevish, S. I thought I shou'd turn capenwited, For wi" a gird. Upon my bum I fairly cloited On the cald card. Hamilton, llamsaifs Poemi, ii. 33(5. V. Ogertfl'i,. Fergusson uses this term, when giving a pretty just picture of the general prevalence of dissipation in Edinburgh at the New-year. And thou, great god of Aipia Vifaet Wha sways the Ciupire of this city, When fou we're sometimes capernoity ; Be thou |)repar'd To hedge us frae that black banditti The City-Guard. Poems, ii. 13. Isl. kappe, fervor et certamen in agendo : keppe, ccrto ; keppsamr, certabundus; Su.G. kif, rixa; Nyt-u, to use. Germ, not-en, to invite, to urge : q. one who invites strife. CAPES, s.pl. Flakes of meal, which come from the mill, when the grain has not been thoroiish- ly dried, S. B. They are generally mixed with the seeds for the purpose of making soviens or flummery. Wi' capes, the mill she gard them ring, AV'hich i' the nook became a bing ; Tiien Goodie wl' her tentie Jiaw, Did capes an' seeds the gcther ca' ; A pockfu' nicst was fatten'd weel. Half seeds, an' capes-, the other meal. Moriioii''s Poems, p. 110. This is evidently the same with " Capes, ears of corn broken oU in threshing. North." Gl. Grose. CAPYL, Caful, s, a horse or mare. The cageare callis furth his capyt >vith crakkis wcle cant. Doug. Virgil, 238. a. 50. Dd2 Cap •• And hark ! what captil nickcr'd proud ? Whasc bugil (;ac that blast?" Jumieson's Popular Ball. i. 233. For he sccth me that am Samaritan sue faietli and bit felow. On my caplc that hyght Caro, of mankynd I tokc it. Pierce Ploughman, F. 92. b. It is alto written capiil. V. Nicheh, r. Capell, caplc, id. Chaucer. Cad. capiill, a horse or mare, C. n. keffijl ; Ital. Hisp. cavnUo, Fr. chcvul, Germ, gaul, Bclg. gutjl, a horse : Ir. kappal, a mare, 1 lal. cavalla, Fr. cavalc ; SclaT. kobila, Pol. kobcla, Bohcm. kobjjla, Hung. knbalalo, id. These seem all derived from Gr. k«- «jloiu-,S.P:R.iu. 37. Fijiiit your fill, sin jo are grown Sac unco' crous and cnppit. Poems in the Utichan Dialect, p. 9. A. Bor. coppet, " saucy, malapert, peremptory." Ray. Isl. keppin, contentious, from kapp, conten. tion, kepp-ast to contend. CAPREL, s. A caper. Sik a mirthless musick their minstrels did make, AVhile ky cast caprel\ behind with their heels ; Little rent (o their tyme the town let them take But ay tammeist redwood, & ravcld in their reels. Polwart Fli/lin^, IWalson'x Coll. lil. 22. To "cast eapreli behind," evidently means, to fling ; Fr. capriole, " a caper in dancing ; also, the saulf, or goat's Ii3p, done by a horse," Coi4r. Both the alliteration and the sense require, that rent and lammcist sliould be read, tent and rumincisf. CAPROWSY, J. Thou held a burch Ian? with a borrowit gown And an caprou-^i/ barkit all with s'Acit. . Evergreen, ii. 5H. st. 20. This Ramsay renders, " an upper garment." But CAR it has bceti CTpl. with more propriety, " a short cloak furnished with a hood," Gl. Sibb. " From Fr. cappe-rosiri, a red-coloured short cloak, with a cowl or hood, occasionally to cover the head." Chron. S. P. ii. 29, N. Or perhaps from cape, id. and rouge red. Su.G. karpus, a cowl. To CAPSTRIDE, v. a. To drink in place of another, to take the vessel containing liquor, when it is Toing round, instead of him to whom it be- longs, S. from Cap, q. v. and E. stride. CAPUL, s. A horse. V. Capyl. C\K,adJ. Car gate. V. Ker. CAR, CaaR, s. A sledge, a hurdle, S. Scho tuk him wp with out) n wordis mo, And on a caar wnlikly thai him cast. IVullucc, ii. 260. MS. Ir. carr, id. CARAGE. V. Arage. CARALYNGIS, s. pi. Dancings. Fair ladyis in ringis, Knyrhtis in carali/ngi!!, Bayth dansis and singis ; It semyt as sa, Hoiilate, iil. 12. MS. Or, perhaps it includes both singing and dancing by the same persons, which seems to have been anci- ently in use. It is sometimes written karrellj/ng. Your hartis likis best, so I denyne. In ydilnes to rest aboue al tliyng. To tak your lust, and go in karrcllyng. Dong. I'irgil, 299. .36. V. CAROL-Ewvy, It is surprising that Mr Pinkerton should give this word as not understood ; especially as it is evidently the same used by Chaucer. Was never non, that list better to sing, Ne lady lustier in curnlUng. Chun. Icm. T. v. 16813. Fr. carotl-er, to dance, to revel ; carolle, a kind of dance, wherein many dance together, Cotgr. Ital. curola, a ball. The original word is Arm. coral, a dance, danse pubUfpie, danse en rond ; Bullet. CAllAIMEILE, s. The name of an edible root. V. Carmele. CARCAT, Carkat, Carcant, s. l. A neck- lace, E. aircanct. Thair collars, carcafi, and hals beids. — Maitlund Poems, p. 327. 2. Tt is also used for a pendant ornament of the head. Vpon thair forebrows thay did beir Targafs and tablets of trim warks. Pendants ami carcants shining cleir, Wi'.h plumagis of gitie sparks. Watson's Coll. ii. 10. CARDIMAL, s. A long cloak, or mantle, worn by women, S. " AVearied of barred plaids, they betook them- selves to Stirling ones, and now duffle cardinals be- gin to have the ascendant." P. Kirkmichael, Banfl's. Statist. Ace. xii. -lOS. This, 1 suppose, has been originally confined to one of Scarlet, and received its name from the dress worn by the Cardinals of Rome. Thus Fr. cardi- C A H nalisi, red ; in a red or scarlet habit, such as Cardi- nals wear, Cotgr. To CARE. V. Cair. CARE BED LAIR, a disconsolate situation ; q. " lying in the bed of care." Her heart was like to loup out at Iier mou', In care-bed lair for three lang hours she lay. Rosses Hclenore, p. 56. Care bed is a phrase of considerable antiquity, be- ing used by Thomas of Ercildoune. Thre yer in care bed lay Tristrcm the trewe he hight. Sir Trisirem, p. 73. Perhaps it deserves to be mentioned, that Isl. koer is thus defined by Olaus ; Cum aliquis ex diuturno morbo in lecto detinelur ct tabescit ; Lex. Run. CARECAKE, s. A Icind of small cake baken with eggs, and eaten on Yule-daj in the North of S. Ker-caik^ Gl. Sibb. Some retain this custom, apparently from superstition ; others, especially young people, merely from the love of frolic. Bourne observes, that cakes were baked in honour of the Virgin's lying-in ; but that the re is a canon of the Council of Trullus, prohibiting the use of any such ctTfmony ; " because it was otherwise with her at the birth of our Saviour, tlian with all other women." Brand's Pcpul. Antiq. j). 204. V. next word. CARE SONDAY, according to Bellenden, that immediately preceding Good Friday; but gene- rally used to signify the fifth in Lent ; S. " Thus entrit prince James in Scotland, t^- come on Care Sonday in Lentern to Edinburgh." Bellend. Cron. B. xvii. c. 1. Dominicae passionis obviam, Boeth. Marshall takes notice of the use of this designation among the English, the old people at least who re. side in the country ; observing also, that the name of Karr Friday is given in CTennany to Good Friday, from the word karr which denotes satisfaction for a crime. Memini me dudum legisse alicubi in Alstedii operibus, diem illam Veneris, in qua passus est Christus, Gerinanice dici ut Gate Frcj/lug, ita Karr Freijtag quae satisfactioneni ])ro niukta signilicat. Certe Care vel Curr Sundaij non prorsus inaudinim est hodiernis Anglis ruri saltem inter senes degentibus. Observ. in Vers. Anglo-Sax. p. 536. Su.G. A-atv«.vn?jna(/a^ is used in the same sense j dominica quinta jejunii magni ; Hire. This name may have been imposed, in reference to the satisfaction made by our Saviour. Some, how- ever, undei stand it as referring to the accusations brought against him on this day, from Su.G. kaera^ to comijlain. V. Kacra, Ihre. It is probable that the name of the bread called carcakcs, still used by the vulgar in Ang. has had the same origin, although the use of it is now trausferr. ed to Christmas. V. Carlings. CARGE. To carge, in charge, in possession. For worthi Ijruce his hart was wondj r sar, He had leuer haiti'had him at his large, Fre till our croun, than oft' fyne gold to carge, CAR Mar than in Troy was fund at Grekis wan. Wallace, viii. 396 MS. O. Fr. cargiier is used in the same sense as char, ger. CARIE, adj. Expl. " soft like flummery." " He's of a caiic temper;" S. Prov,, " spoken of those who are soti and lazy." Kelly, p. 173. Perhaps originally the same with E. chary, cau. tious. CARYBALD, s. Quhen kissis me that carijbald, Kyndillis all my sorow. Muitland Poems, p. 48. Dunbar uses a variety of words ending in aid; which 1 am inclined to con'idor as a corr. of the Fr. termination eau, instead of which el was anciently used. Thus curijhald may be from Fr. charuvcl, or cliaravcaa, a beetle; especially as the person is pre- viously corapaird to a bum-bee, a drone, a scorpi. on, ict.G . kcrl oc koiiung, plebs el; jirinceps. 4. Hence, by a slight transition, it is used to I'.e- note one who has the manners of a boor^ C A R ■«• GWe a ctfWf your finder, and he'll take your %\hi)lf liniul." — i. 0. " SuIUt an unmannerly fc-llow ( uc he all in sondyr draif. The Carll was dedc. Of him 1 speke no mar. B. ii. 29. 45. MS. " .\nc of thir clannis wantit anc man to perfurnis furlh the nowmer, 4: wagit ane curll for money to debait thair artioun, how belt this man pertenit na thvng totha\m in blud nor kyndnes." Ikllcnd. Cron. n. xvi! c. 9. Imnjani eorpore ruslicus, Boeth. I iiaed into the Trojan ha', r.'en ben to their hretide : To help your common cause. O Greeks! Sic iheils wad made you Held. Far ihire was mony a sturdy car/, U i' bairds as still a.s bent. Poems in the liiichaii Dialect, p. 11 . Here, iiowcver, the meaning is perhaps determined by the epithet. •Germ, kcit has not only the sense of rnsticus, pa- ganus, but is also rendered by Wachter, fortis, cor. pore robnsto et auimo virili praeditus. The name Charles, or as it appears on his coins, Karl, as given to Charlemagne, is supposed to refer to his great size and strength. These, at least, seem to be viewed as having given occasion for this second- ary use of the term. Hence Kilian thus dehnes it : Vir fortis ct sirenuus : Vir proccrac staturae et gran- dis corporis: Qutitem Jui-^e Larulum primiim scri- bunl. Sibb. says ; " Hence he was called Karle niagnus. latinized to Carolus." But although "he was seven, or, as some say, eight feet higli," and " exceeding strong," according to Savage, " he had the title of Gicut from his august and noble ac- tions." Hisl. (iermany, p. 56. And this is un. doubtedly the truth : for otherwise Ctiroliis niagiiiis would be a gross tautology. ti. An old man, S. " Carle, an old man. North." Gl. Grose. Hath awld and }houng, men and wywys. And sowkand barn) s tliar (\ nt thare lyvys. Thai sjiarj t now iher curl na page. tVijiitoxcn, \iii. 11. 90. This, however, may be equivalent to. Bathe ) houng and awld, mun and page. [bid. 142. " The term curl, Sibb. says, "alwa)s implies 4U advanced period of life." But from what has CAR been already observed, it will appear that this as. sertion is iinfonnded. Alihou'^h we have no evidence that (he word was early used in this sense in S., Ihre shews that it is of considerable antiipiity among the Goths. As Su.f;. Isl. kurl denotes a'n old man in general, it is used for a grandfather in the laws of Gothland. CaRE-cr,\b, the male of the Black-clawed crab, Cancer pagurus, Linn. " Cancer mariniis vulgaris, the common sea.crab ; our fishers call it a Partan ; (he male they call the Carle crab, and the female the Baulstcr crab." Sibb. Fife, p. 132. Carl-hemp, s. l. " The largest stalk of hemp," S. A. Bor. ; that hemp which bears the seed, Gl. Grose. 2. Used metaph. for firmness of mind, S. Come, Finn Rer^ulve, take thou (he van ; Thou stalk o' carl-hemp in man ! And let us mind, faint heart ne'er wan A lady fair, Wha docs the utmost that he can. Will whyles do niair. Burns, iii. 371. This alludes to the S. Prov. " You have a stalk of carle hemp in you ; — spoken to sturdy and stub- born boys;" Kelly, p. 373. " Male-hemp," ibid. N. Carl-again. To piny carl-ciga'in, to return a stroke, to give as much as one receives, Ang. F^roni carl a strong man, aud the adv. again. Carl and Cavel. V. Kavel. Carl-doddie, s. a stalk of ribgrass, Ribwort plantain, S. Plantago lanceolata, Linn. If this be the true pronunciation, the plant may have received its name from c«/"/an old man, and doddle, or doddcd, bald ; as denoting its resemblance to a bald head. In Evergreen it is Curldoddij, q. v. Carlie, J-. 1. A little man; a dimiimtive from caile, S. 1 knew some peevish clownish carlie Would make some noise iS: luirly burlie. Cleland's Puems, p. 68. " Yet he was a fine, gabby, auld-farren curli)." Journal from London, p. 2. Carush, Carlitch, adj. Coarse, vulgar. The pyet, with hir pretty cot, Fenyeis to sing the nychtingalis not ; Bot scho can nevir the corrhat cleif, For harshncs of hir carlich throt. Dunbar, Dannatync Puems, p. 64. The morn I wad a carlisk knicht, Gr a holy cell maun dric. Jumieson''s Popular Ball. i. 236. Literally, one who, notwithstanding his rank, has the manners of a boor, a churl. A. S. ceorlic, vulgaris. Carlish, is used in O. E. poetry, aud in that beautiful poem, The Child of EUe, which has been claimed as S., in the sense of chnrlish, discourteous. Her fa(hir ha(h brought her a carlish knight, Sir John of the north countraye. Trust me, but for the carlith knyght, c A 11 C A R I iie"er }iad Hod fiom tlicc. Pt:ra/.\ Reliqiics, i. 79. 8 J. CARLIN, Cari.ing, j. An old woman, S. Now sic the trottibiis and liowaiu", Sa busilie as sc!io is wowane, Sic as the curlhtg craks : Bcgvie the bariie sho is hot youns;. — Philvtiis, S. P. Repr. iii. p. l.j. 16. Then Colin said, The carline made it nice, But well 1 kent she cud it righlly dice. Ross's Hclcnorc^ \i. 119. " Crooked carliii, quoth the cripple to his wife;" S. Piov. Kelly, p. 78. 2. A contemptuous term for a woman, although not far advanced in life, S. And for hir wordis was sa apirsmart, Unto the nj/mphe I uiaid a biisleous braid : Carline, (tiuod I) quhat was yone that thou said ? Pulicc vf Honour, iii. 73. Mr Piiikerton renders this ^'' rogue ;" but evi- dently from inadvertency. 3. The name given to the last handful of corn which is cut down in the harvest- field, when it is not shorn before Hallowmas ; S. B. When the harvest is finished about the ordinary time, it is called the Miiidcn. The allusion is to age ; as the termi evidently respects the lateness of the harvest. G. Andr. renders Isl. katlinna, vira, as simply sigiiifyiug a woman. In Kdd. S.iemund. kaerling occurs in the sense of foeniiiia plebeia. Su.G. /caer. i>ig, alias kaerling, denotes an old woman, anus. Ihre admits, however, that by ancient writers it is used for a wife, or a woman of whatsoever age. It is evidently a dimin. from carl, formed by the ter- mination in, q. V. used for this purpose. CARLlN-HiiATHER, s. Fine-leaved heath, Erica cinerea, Linn. ; also called Bell-heather. Carlinspurs, s. pi. Needle ftirze or petty whin, Genista Anglica, Linn., S. B. q. the spurs of an old woman. CARLI^J-TEUCH, adj. As hardy as an old wo- man, S. B. ; from carUn, and tench, tough. CARLING, .f. The name of a fish, Fife ; sup- posed to be the Pogge, Cottus Cataphractus, Linn. " Cataphractus Shonfeldii, Anglis Septentrionali- faus, a Pogge : I take it to be the fish the fishers call a curling.'" Sibb. Fife, p. 126. CARLINGS, s. pi. Pease birsled or broiled, Ang. ; according to Sibb. " pease broiled on Cfl/Y-Sunday.'' There'll be all the lads and the lasses, Set down in the midst of the ha. With sybows, and ryfarts, and curlings, That are both sodden and ra. Ritson's S. Songs, i. 211. He expl. it, " large grey pease," Gl. They seem to have received this designation from Cure in the term Care-Sunday. The same custom prevails in Newcastle upon Tyne, and other places in the North of England. Mr Brand has a curious paper on this custom, Popular Antiq. p. 3^ — 330. CAR]\IELE, Carmylie, Carameil, s. Heatlt Pease, a root ; S. Orobus tuberosus, Linn. " We have one root I cannot but take notice of, •which we call carmclc : it is a root that grows in heaths and birch woods to the bigness of a large nnt, and sometimes four or live roots joined by fibres ; it bears a green stalk, and a small reil liower. Dio, speaking of the Caledonians, says : Certum (ibi genus parant ad omnia, qiiem si ceperint quan- tum est unius fabae magnitudo, minime esurire aut sitire Solent. Cesar de Bel. Civ. lib. 3 io writes, that Valerius's soldiers found a root called Chara, quod admistum lacte multam inopiani levabat, id ad similitudincm panis eHiciebant. I am inclined to think that owx Curmele (\.^.. sweet root) is Dio's cibi genus, and Cesar's Chara. 1 have often seen it dried, and kept for journeys through hills where no l)rovi«ions could be had. I have likewise seen it pounded and infused, and when yest or barm is put- to it, it ferments, and makes a liquor more astreeable and wholesome than mead. It grows so plentifully, that a cart-load of it can easily be gathered, aiitl the drink of it is very balsamic." Shaw, App. Pen- nant's Tour in S. 1769. [i. 310, 311. " Carumei/e or Caperciles, the Orobus tuberosus, being the root so much used in diet by the ancient Caledonians." Statist. Ace. (Lanark.) xv. 8, N. Gail, cairmeal, Heath pease ; Shaw. V. Knappauxs.. CARNAILL, adj. Putrid. Na thing he had at suKl haiff doyn him gud, Bot Inglissmen him scruit otf carnaill fud. Hys warlilly lytl desyrd the sustenance, Thocht he it gat in contra r olV plesance. IVuUace, xi. 1348. MS. Former editors, not understanding the term, hare made it curef.il. It is evidently from Fr. charogn. eux, "stinking, pntrified, full of carrion ;" Cotgr_ For the Fr. termination euu, oreux, is often changed into uifi or ell by our old writers. CARNELL, s. A heap ;. a dimin. from cairn. " In this regioun [Gareoch] is ane carnell of stanis, li ind togicldir in maner of ane croun ; and ryngis (quhen thay ar donng) as ane bell.- — Ane- temple wes l)iggit (as sum men beleuis) in the said place, quhare nionv auld ritis and superstilionis wer made to euill spretis." Bellend. Descr. Alb. c. 10. To CARP, Carpe, v. a. I. To speak, to talk i. to relate, whether verbally, or in writing. Oure Fddrys we sulde folowe of det, That thare tyme in wertu set : Of thame, that lyvyd wityously, Carpe we bot lit) I, and that warly. IVi/n/own, iii. Prol. 25. Storyss to rede are delitabill, Siipposs that thai he nocht bot fabill ; Than suld storyss that suthfast wer, And thai war said on giul maner, Haiie doubill plesance in heryng. The first plesance is the carping, And the tothir the suthfastnes. That schawys the thing rycht as it wes. Burbour, i. 6. MS». In this sense it is used in O. E. CAR For profit and for health Carpe 1 wold with contrition, and therforc I cam hitliir. P. Plouxhman, 1 i 2. a. It is only in later times that (lie term has bcca n$ed as denoting saljrical speecli or comjiosition. 2. To sing. Then aye he harped, and aye he carped, Till a' the lor(llin!;!i footed tlie floor; But an' the music «as sac sneet. The groom had nae mind of the stable door. Miiislrcl'y Border, i. 81. ♦' Carped, Sling." N. It most probably denotes that modulated recitation, with which the minstrel w as Mont to accompany the tones of his iiarp. This w ord seems to have no other origin than Lat. carpo, to cull ; most probably introduced by monk- ish writers. Carping, s. Narration. O. E. id. V. the w. CARR.ALLES, /. />/. Carols, or songs, sung within and about kirks, on certain days ; pro- hibited by act of Parliament. '• 'I'hc dresqes of idolalrie yit reniaines in divers pairtes of the realme, using of pilgrimages to some chapelles, welles, croces, and sik ulher monuments of Idolatrie: as also be observing of the festival dayes of the Sanctes, sumlimc named their Patrones, in setting furth of bane-fyers, singing of Carrullcs, within and about kirkes, at ccrtainc seasons of the yeir, and observing of sik uthcrs superstitions and Papistical I ites." Ja. VI. 1581. c. 104. Murray. V. C\KALYNcis and Gysab. Cauol-Ewyn, s. The name given, Perths., to the last night of the year ; because young peo- ple go from door to door singing carols. In re- turn for their services they get small cakes baked on purpose. CARRITCH, Caritcii, .;. The vulgar name for a catechism ; more commonly in pi. car- ritches, S. '• A blind woman, who kept a school in the next Milage, — t.iughl him the A, B, C, and the Mother's Carrihil, and the Proverbs." Mem. of iMago]uco, 1). 5, 6. ■J. Used somewhat metaph. \v inak my Muse a dautit pet ; But gin she con'd like Lilian's met, Or couthy cracks and hamcly get Upo' her curitch, Eithly wad 1 be in your debt A pint o' paritcii. Fcrgitssuii'x Poems, ii. 112. The only word I have met with, to which this bears any resemblance, is Isl. /aw, libcllus. But it may be merely a torr. of the K. w ord. CARRY, s. A term used to express the mo- tion of the clouds. They are said to have a great carry, when they mcnc with velocity be- fore the wind, S. B. C.\RSE, Kerss, 1. Low and fertile land ; ge- nerally, that which is adjacent to a river, S. 'i'harfor thai hoi beryd Ihaim that riycht ' Doune in the Kerr. — \nd, for in the Kcrs pulis war, 3 CAR IIoussis thai brak, and thak bar, To mak bryggis, quhar thai mycht pass. Barbour, xii. 392. 395. MS, Our thwort the Kcrss to the Torwode he ycide. Wallace, v. 319. MS, In edit. 1618, this is strangely rendered, Ouertharl he cayt, to the Torwood he goed. The term is often used to denote the whole of a Talley, that is watered by a river, as distinguished from the higher grounds. Thus, all the flat lands, on the north side of Tay, between Perth and Dun- dee, arc cnWed the Carxe of Goziric, whence the un. fortiin.\te family of Ruthven had their title ; those on the Forth, the Carse of Stirling ; and those in the vicinity of Carron, the Carse of Falkirk-. " The smallest, but richest part of the parish lies in the Carse oi Gowrie, well known for tlie strength and fertility of its soil." P. Kinnaird, Perths. Sta- tist. Ace. vi. 234. In relation to the Carse of Falkirk, Trivet, de. scribing one of the invasions of l:klw. I. says, Cau- santibus majoribus loca paliistria, propter brumaiem intcmperiem, immeabilia esse, p. 316. On this pas. sage Lord Hailes observes ; " The meaning seems to be, that the English army could notarrivc at Stir, ling, without passing through some of the carse grounds ; and that they were impracticable for ca- valry at that season of the year." Ann. i. 266. 'J'his connexion would almost indicate some affi- nity between our carse., and C. B. kors, palus, a marsh ; only, no similar term occurs in Gael, or Ir, Bullet, indeed, mentions Celt, ceirs and cip's as used in the same sense. Su.G. kaerr and Isl. kiar, kaer, both signify a marsh. Kaer is thus defined by G. Andr. ; Caries et valiiculae, inter virgulta vel saxa convalliculae ; Lex. p. 143. " Etymologists, it has been observed, explain this word \Carse~\, as signifying rich or fertile. This account is justified by fact ; for such lands, when properly cultivated, produce luxuriant crops." P, Gargunnock, Stirl. Statist. Ace. xviii. 101. I have not been able to discover any authority for this explanation. It has also been remarked that Curse is " pro- bably from the word carrs, used in the North of England, for level land on the banks of a river or arm of the sea." P. Longforgan, Perths. Ibid, xix. 498. N. Carre is defined by Grose, <' a hollow place in which water stands. North." Also, " a wood of alder or other trees, in a moist, boggy |)lace." Carse is sometimes nsed as an adj. as ajipcars from the expression used by Lord Hailes, which is very common. CARTAGE, s. " A cartful, as much as a cart will hold." Rudd. Ful mony cartage of tharc oxin grctc About the fyris war britnit and donn bet, And bustuous boukis of the birsit swine. Doug. I 'irgil, 367. 53, But it seems doubtful, if cartage be not nsed as synon. with bouk, carcase, whole bulk of an animal. CARTE, s, A chariot, epecially one used in war. C A S CAS Law from his brt-ist niuruand he ^aif ane yell, Seand the Wod carle and spiilyc of the kuycht, And the corps of his direst freynd sa dycht. Doug. yirgil,'X'i. \2. Currus, Virg. Chmicer, carte, id. Ir. ciiirt, C. B. kcrtuyn, A. S. cract, Su.G. perhaps contr. the Irish ciaruiighsy which l-iicrra, Germ. Belg. carrr, id Cartil, s. a cart-load, Ang from cart zx\AJi!l or full. CARUEL, Kervel, s. A kind of ship. Our carucUis howis ladnis and prymys he, Wyth huge charge of sillier in qiiantite. Duug. I'irgil, 83. 4G. " Caravel, or Carvel, a kind of light round ship with a square poop rigg'd and fitted out like a gal- ley, holding about six score or sercn score tun : These are counted the best sailers on the sea, and much used by the Portuguese." Phillips. Iludd. views this word as derived from Ir. carbh, a ship, or rather from Fr. caravclle, Avhich Menage deduces from caniOiis. The latter is described by Isi- dore, as a little skirt', made of t^igs, which, being bound together by a rough hide, form a sort of vessel. This, as Uudd. observes, much resembles both in name and kind our antiquaries so often me)ition But the term has more extensive afliuities than this learned writer has observed. As in Teut. it is kare- veel, lurvecl, krevel, in Ilisp. caravc/it, in Ital. ca- ravcllu ; the ancient Swedish Goths gave the name karf to a kind of ship, much in use among them. The same term was used by the Icelanders. The Finns call it carvas and carpan. Aulus Gellius, when giving the Tarions names of ships, mentions corvita as one. This by Plautus is written corbita. As carucl seems to have originally signified a vessel made of ticigs, what if our creel or basket, be merely a corr. of the word ? For, indeed, cog, a pail, appears to be the same term with that changed into cock in cock-boat, Su.G. kogg, uavigii genus apud veteres, Ihre ; Chaucer, cogge. CASCHET, Cashet, s. The king's privy seal. " Our Soveraigne Lord, and Estaites of this jire. sent Parliament, — ordeins all and whatsomever Ke. signations made sen the date of the said commission, — and all infeftments proceeding thereupon, orderlie I)ast his lleighnes cashet, Register and ordinarc scales, — to be hereafter \y.iit and exped upon the lyke resignations in the hands of the Lords of his Majesties Secrect Councel," &c. Ja. VI. Pari. ICOO. e. 14. Murray. — " Lanerk had sent letters under the ca.«/(e< to many noblemen and burghs, declaring the King's niind to keep what was promised us, but withal running out in bitter invectives against the Parlia- ment of England." JJaillie's Lett. i. 36-4. This may cither be from Fr. cassette, a casket, or cachet, a seal ; cachet du Rut, the king's signet. CASEABLE, adj. Naturally belonging to a particular situation, or case. " Some convulsions he had, where in the opening of his mouth with his own hand, his teeth were somewhat hurt. Of this symptom, very caseabk; mare din was made by our people than I could have wished of so meek and learned a person." Baillie's Lett. i. 185. The meaning is, that in his disorder, this was a natural enough symptom ; although some rashly spoke of it as a divine judgment. To CASS, V. a. To make void, to annul. "■ We reuoke, and cassis all tailycis maid fra tha airjs generall to the airis maill of ony landis in our realme." Ja. IV. 1493. c. S3, Edit. 1566. c. 51, Murray. Fr. cass-er, id. L. B. cass-arc, irritum reddcre, Du Cangc. CASS, J-. 1. Chance, accident ; O. E. id. He tald his modyr of his sodane cass. Than wepyt scho, and said full oft. Alias ! Wallace, i. 263. MS. 2. Work, business. Thai that cass has made. Barbour. Fr. cas, matter, fact, deed, business. CASSIE, Cazzie, s. A sort of basket made of straw, S. B. " Neither do they use pocks or sacks as we do ; but carries and keeps their corns and meal in a sort of vessels made of straw, called Cassies.'" Brand's Orkney, p. '28. " They carry their victual in straw creels called cassies, made very compactly of long oat straw woven with small twisted ropes of rushes, and lixed over straw Ilets on the horses backs with a clubber aud straw ropes." P. AV'ick, Caithn. Statist. Ace. X. 23. It is also written coiie] and used in Orkney iu« stead of a corn riddle. " The seed-oats never enter into a riddle, but are held up to the wind either in a man's hands, or in a creel, called a cosie, made of straw." P. S. Ilonaldsay, Statist. Ace. xv. 301. Perhaps this should be read caste, which occurs, p. 302. From the account given of these vessels, they seem to resemble our skej'ps or ruskics made for bees. Teut. kasse capsa, cista, area, thcca. Fr. casse, Ital. cassa, Ilisp. caxa, L. B. cassa, id. Lat. cassis, a net. But we find the analogy still greater in Su.G. kasse, reticulum, in quo pisces, carucs, ct aliae res cdules portantur; Isl. braudkass, reticulum pane plenum. Fenn. cassi, pera retictilata. Hung, cais signifies a casket. CAST, s. 1. A twist, a contortion j as, His neck has gotten a cast, or a wra/ig cast, S. 2. Opportunity, chance, S. It is said that one has got a cast of any thing when one has had an unexpected opportunity of purchasing it, especially if at a low price. 3. A turn, an event of any kind, S. What cast has fashen you sae far frae towns ? I'm sure to you thir canna be kcnt bounds. Ross's Ilelenore, p. 77. 4. Lot, fate. Black be their cast ! great rogues, to say no Hiore ; Their generation all I do abhore. Yea, for my country, since I went away, E CAS I did expect my dearest blood should pay. Uamilfon'i IVallacc, p. 323. 5. Aim, object in view. Tharc is na sege for na scliamc that schrynkis at schorte, May he cum to hys cast bo clokyni; but coist, ilc rekkys iiowtliir the ridit, nor rckles report. Doii^. f'irgil, 238, a. 26. 6. Subtile contrivance, wile, stratagem. Jle a wys man wcs of cast. And in hys d'eyd wes rycht wyly. IVyntoicn, vi. 18. 1C8. Anc Clyffurd come, was Kmys sone to the lord, — Quha awiht thai horss, in gret heithing he ast ; lie was full sle, and ck had mony cast. Wallace, r. 740. MS. It is used in the same sense by Chaucer. And she was ware, and knew it bet than he, What ail this qucinte cast was for to scy. Miller's Tale, Tcr. 3005. 7. Facility in performing any manual work, such especially as requires ingenuity or expertncss ; a term applied to artificers or tradesmen, S. ilc went diuers thiugis to se, — The niony werknicn, and thare castis sle In dew proporcioun, as he wounderit for ioy, Ilc saw per ordoure al (he scgc of Troy. Dou^. Virgil, '27. 14. 8. Legerdemain, sleight of hand. In come japand tlu; Ja, as a Jugloure. With castis, and with cantelis, a quynt caryare. Jloulate, iii. 11. 9. The effect of ingenuity, as manifested in li- terary works. So thochtin my translatioun eloquence skant is, Na lusty cast of oratry Virgill wanlis. Dung. Virgil, 8. 37. In the same sense he speaks of — Quent and curious castis poetical, Perfytc similitudes and cxamplis all Quhariu Virgil beris the palmc and lawde. Continuing to S|)eak of these, he gives a humourous account of the reason why a famous old E. writer would not meddle with them : ^ Caxtoun, for drcid thay suld his lippis skaudc, Durst neucr twichc this vark for laikc of knaw- lagp, Becaus he ondcrsludc not Virgilis langagc. Ibid. 7. 39. C.B. ca.t view scorn formed from , qnhilk. intraittis of the .souin sarrauicntis." Abp. Hamilioiiu's Catechisme, 1551. Fol. 79, b. CATER, s. Money, S. B. lie ne'er wad drink hor health in -Hater, JJnt portiT giiid ; And yet he's loft a foiiili o' cater,, Now that he's dead. Shin-ffs' Poems, p. 240. (]. What is rnlcred. V. Catouu. CATERANKS, KaTHERanes, s. pi. Bands of robbers, especially sucli as came down from the Hif;lilands to the low country, and carried oft" cattle, corn, or whatever pleased them, from those \\ho were not able to make resist- ance, S. kettrin. " Among the ancient Srots, the common soldiers norerallod Cullicnii. or lighting bands. The Kerns of tlio l•".ngti^h, the Kailrinr of the Scots Lo« landers, iiud the Ciilcrva of tho Uomans, arc all derived from tho Celtic word. 'J'hc flanls had a word of niueh the same sound and meaning. We learn from tra- dition, that those Calherni were generally armed with darts and tkiaiis. or durlis. — Those who wore Armed with siirh axes [Lnchabcr axes'], and with helmets, coats of mail, and swords, wont under the n3.me of (rallii^liiirh (Iiy the i'.ngli>li called Gallo. gltfsrs.)" Jo. Marpherson's C^il. Dissert, xi. Rower, the conlinuator of Fordun, calls them Cati'raiii. A. 1300, magna pars borealis Srntiae, trans Alpes, inqnictata fiiit per duos postiforos C'«- tiianos, et eoruni soquares, r'lt. Scluiabeg et suos f onsanpuinarios, qui Clankay ; et Christi-Johnson, acsuos, qui ('lanquholodieobantur. Stotichron. Jab. XT, c. 3. Jlorc ho evidently gives the name of Cii- terancs to the chieftains of these marauding clans. K.Uowhorr he applies it to the people in general, who lived in this predatory way ; calling them Cu- tcrvani bca Catcrarii. Ibid. Lib. viii. r. 21. Ihtheinse'ription ofc. 12. Slat. Hob. jl. this tojm is used as (.)non. with Sonnis. " Of Kctharincs, or Sornoris." There »• it is ordained, that na man foJl travell throw the cuntrie, in anie part of tho rcalme, as kctharans. And they qulia travells as kcthnrans," are do^r^ibod as " eatand the cuntrie, and consHinand the gudes of the inhabitants, takand tlii-ir gudos be force and violence." Mean while ho says to slalvart Aikonhill, Till we be readv you ..(op forward will, NN ith your Labiliuiints and armour sheen ; C A T And ask yon highland ketlrin what they moan? Ross's Ilcknore, p, 120. Gael. Ir. ceuthaniach, a soldier, cealharb, a troop ; Ir. cath, C. IJ. kad, katorvod, a battle. liul. let traces cad. a combat, to Arab, cnhad, id. and Ilob. chatyr, chad, to kill, which I have not met with. Had he referred to "in3, cadur, acies mill, turn, as the origin of Ir. ccalharb, a troop; we mi^ht have admittt'd a considerable resemblance. CAT-FISH, Sea-cat, s. The Sea-wolf, S, Anarhicas Lupus, Linn. '• Lupus marinus Schonfeldii ct nostras : our fish, crscall \t(\\cscn-cat, or cat-fish." Sibb. Fife, p. 121. Sw. hrif-hit, i. e. sca.cat. Kilian gives scc-kallc as the 'J'cut. name of the Lolligo. CAT-HARROW, s. For every Lord, as lie thocht best Brocht in ane bird to lill the nest; To bo ano wafchcman to his marrow. They gan to draw at the cat-harrozc. L>/iidsafs fVarkis, 1592. p. 2G9. S. ProT. " Thci/ drc'nc the Cat Jlarrotc ; that is, they thwart one another." S. Prov. Kelly, p. 329! llanisay gives the term in pi. This game, I am in. formed, is the same with Cat and Dog, q. v. The namo Cal-hurroxc is retained, both in Loth., and in Aug. CATHEL-NAIL, s. The nail by whicli the body of a cart is fastened to the axletree, Fife. Isl. ktidall denotes a strong rope or cable. Shall we suppose that the cart was originally fastened by a rope ; and that tho nail received its name, as being substituted for this ? CATINE. Tliir venerable virgins, wliom the vvarld call witches, In the time of their triumjili, (irr'd me tlie ta[le; Some backward raid on brodsows, and some black-bitches ; Some instead of a staig over a stark Monk straid. Fra tlic how the hight some hobl)les, some hatches; With their mouths to the moon, uiurgeons thoy made ; , Some be force in cfl'cct the four winds fetches, And nine times withcrshins about the throne raid : Some glo wring to the ground, some grievouslie gaips ; J>o craft conjure, and lieuds perforce, Fnrth of a catlnc beside a cross, Thir ladies lighted from their horse, And band thaim with raips. Pokcart's F/j/fing, JViitson's Coll. iii. 17. CATMAW, s. "■ To tumble the catmww," to go topsy-turvy, to tumble, S. B. Although the meaning of the last syllable is ob- scure, that the first refers to the domestic animal thus named, appears froui the analogous phrase in Fr. saull dii chut, " the cat-leape, a certain tricke done by Tumblers," Cotgr. This in Clydos. is also called tiimlil/iig flic icullciil, i. e. wild cat. The al- lusion undoubtedly is, to the great agility of this ani. n)al ; and particularly to tho cireunistance of its al- Jiiost invariably falling on its feet. CA10UR, s. A caterer, a provider. Cafoiir sen svne he was. but weyr, no mar. Wallace, ii. 101. MS. C A V i.e. ''■ widioiit doubt lie noTcr since aclcil as en- tercr fvir liis master." In IVrtli eilil. it is erroneous- ly printed Tafoiir. Skene uses crt/owr.v as synon. ^vitli pnrveyors, pro. visours, to tlie Kin;;, Clialriierlan Air, c. 17. s. 1. O. 'J\iit. hiilcr, ocrnnoinus. \ . Ka roi ris, CAT-SILLER, s. The mica of mineralogists, S. ; the katzen silbcr of the vulgar in Germany. CATTER, Caterr, s. Catarrh. " In tlie nixt « inter Julins Frontyniis fell in gret Infirniik' be imodcrat flux of caller, generit of wak humoiiris." Bellend. Cron. F. -IG. a. Caterr, Conijil. S. p. 56. The ingenious editor of the Couipl. expl. this word as also signifying " an imaginary disease, supposed, Ijy the peasants, to be caught by hniidlhig cats ; and similar to another distemper termed !cratlc-//la:ciiig, ■which gives the skins of dogs a cadaverous yellow hue, and makes their liair bristle on end, and is sup. jioscd to be caused bj' the breath of tlie wcazle." I will not sa)-, that the account here given of the supposed cause of the caltcr, is not accurate; as it undoubtedly respects the lielief of flic peasants on the Border. Hut tliat in the North of S. is widely ditVerent. The disease itself is there called coZ/vcA-/ and from the account given of it, appears to be the same which physieians call a calnrricf. Hut a most absurd theory is received as to the cause of this dis- ease. If a cat pass over a corjise, it is believed that the person, whom if first leaps over after this, will be deprived of sight. The distemper is supposed to have its name from the unlucky animal. So far does this ridiculous 9i)inion prevail among the v>il:;ar, S. 15. y//A- to go, because they have liberty to range. Y. R.vik. CATWITTIT, adj. Harebrained, unsettled, q. having the lui'ts of a cat, S. This seems formed in the same manner with E. harebrained ; which undoubtedly contains an alia, sion to the timid and startled appearance of the ani. jnal, when disturbed ; although Johns, derives it from E. hare, to fright. To CAUCHT, V. a. To catch, to grasp. And sum tyme wald scho Ascaneus the page Caiicht in the fygure of liis fadcris yiuage, And in hir bosum brace Doii^. J'irs'l, 10'2. 36. Turnus at this time waxis bauld and blyth, Wenyng to caiicht ane stound his streiith to kyith. Ihid. 43K. 20. i. e. to lay hold of a favourable moment for mani. festing his strength : formed from the pret. of catch. To CAVE, Keve, v. a. 1. To push, to drive backward and forward, S. C A V 2. To toss. " To cave the bead," to toss it in a haughty or auk ward way, S. I'p starts a priest, and his hug head claws, Whose conscience was but yet in dead thraws, And did not cease to cave, and paut, While clyred back was prickt and gald. CUland''s Poems, p. 66. The allusion is to a horse tossing and pawing. Cave, /. i. A stroke, a push, b. 2. A toss. Isl. ahafr, cum impctu, vehementer. To CAVE, 'J. a. To separate grain from the broken straw, after threshing, S. B. It has nearly the same sense S. A., being defined by Sibb., " to separate corn from the chafi." This indeed seems the original idea; Teut. kav-cn, cventi. lare paleas ; and this from kaf, kavc, chaB". CAVEL, Cauil, Cafle, Kavel, Kevil, j. i. Expl. " a rod, a pole, a long staff." The Kenyie cleikit to a cavcl. Chr. Kirk, sf. 7. Callander says that it should be written kcvel or gcvcl; erroneously deriving it from Goth, gnjflack, a kind of javelin among the ancient Goths ; A. S. gnfcliica'! ; whence S. gavc/ok, an iron crow. Tyt- ler says ; " Probably a cudgel or rung." If tliis be the sense, it is unquestionably the same word with Su.G. kaj/e, pertica, bacillus, rotnndus, cujuscunque usus. Hire; Germ, keiilc, a club. Hut as in other copies it is, the cavet, it may perha|)s denote " a sor- ry fellow," as expl. by Mr Chalmers. V. Kavki.. 2. A lot, S. ieii/, S. A. Hence, " to cast cavels," to cast lots. Cavel, id. Northumb. Gl. Grose. Lat MS chcyss v olV this gud cum))an^-, Syne i:ajlis cast qulia sail our master be. Wallace, vii. 378. MS. And they cast kevils them amang, And kevilf them between, And they cast kciih them amang, AVha suld gae kill the king. Mimfrehy Border, ii. 81. Sometimes, by our writers, the phrase, to caH in cavyll, is used. " Thir prudent men returnit the fourt moneth efter to Argyle, quharc kyng Fergus w as resydent for the tyme. In quhais presence all the laudis of Scotland war cansin in cavj/ll amang the nobyllis thairof." Bellend. Cron. F. 9. b. 3. By Rudd. cavil/is is not only translanted lots, but " responses of oracles." And quhilis, he says, the cauillis of Liciaj And quhilis fra Jupiter sent doun alsna The messingereof goddis bryngis throwtheskyis Sa fereful charge and command on thys wise. Doug. Virgil. 112. 5.5. 4. State appointed, allotment in Providence, S. B. " Let ilka ane be content Mith his aiu kaiel ;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 50. - — — I should be right content For the kind cavcl that to me was lent. Ross's Jlelcnore, p. 128. I dacker'd wi' him by mysel', ^ e wish't it to mv kax'cl. Poems in the Biahan Dialect, p. 10. C A U 5. A division or shnre of property j which has tctcivcd ihis (knomination from its bung origi- nally JetermiiicJ by lot, S. B. «' The Town and IJishop fcucd out this fishing in -haris, MX of thoin called the King'^ cavil, and the othti six /*.• Hi.A.'/.'.' cavil. Slat.-, Leslie of Fowis, \c. Tirs. Fra<;iT of Frascrficld, p. 17. E. lot is UJtd in the same !-rnsc. «' This th.-n was the lot of the tribe of the children orJudah,"\c. Judges XV. 1. It is siirprisintt that the true origin of this word should hitherto have been overlooked ; especially as it occurs both in its primary, and in its metapli. sense in our old writings. Rudd. thinks that it may be from A. S. cavcl, talathus, because lots might be thrown into a basket, as among the Greeks and Romans into an urn. IJut he considers, as its most natural origin, L. li. cavitla, talus, the joint by which the leg is united to the foot ; as bones of this description seem to have been anciently used for lots. Sibb. gives no other derivation. Lye refers to C. B. kj/vlicr as also denoting lots, Jun. Etym. But care/, is merely Su.G. Isl. kajk, which pri- marily means a rod, and is transferred to a lot in general. Verelius gives the following detinition of pi. KiijUtr, which points out the reason of the transi- tion. " Small slicks or rods, on each of which the lot of an heir, in the division of an inheritance, is inscribed. These rods are thrown togi thor into a lap or vessel, and afterwards drawn out by the heirs, that each may lake that lot fur his inheritance which is inscribed on the rod." Hence this piirase is used both by the Isl. and '?ivi . Skipta mcd tut oc kajlc ; Tactu bacilli el sorlitione hercdilatem dividcre. In Sw. tliis transaction is denominaled luttkdjiar. The language of our old laws is quite analogous. — " Ane slalianger at na time may liaue lot, cult, nor cavcl, ancnt merchandice with ane Hurgcs, but only within time of ane fair." Burrow Lawes, c. 50. Ihre views ki{/lc as a dimin. from kacpp, a rod. This is undoubtedly the origin of Teut. kavel, a lot, kaxcl-cn, to cast lots ; although Kilian considers it as a secondary sense of kubel, a rope, q. funis sortis, funiculus distributionis. To Cavell, v. a. To divide by lot, S. B. " That the heritors of Don met every fortnight after the ravelling of the water in April, in the house of John Uow, at the bridge." State, Leslie of Powis, &C. 1805. p. 123. V. the *. C.WIE, J. A hencoop, S. ^Trnth maun own that mony a tod — To roost o' hen-house never ventur'd, Hot duck, nor turkie-cnr/e cnter'd. Hc\.'. J. Nicol's Poems, ii. 90, Tout, kevic, id. aviarium, Lat. cavva. CAUIS. Kumcnius, that was ane Son to C'lylius, qnhaia brode breist bane With ane lang stalwart spcre of the fyr tre Throw sniyllin lyte and peirsil sone has sche ; He caiii.v ouer, furlh bokkand stremes of bludc. Doug. Utiiil, ass. 24. Virg. cadit. Altliough Rudd. seems inclined to derive this from C A U Lat. aido, or Teut. hauch-cn, anhelare; it is ccr. fainly the same verb with Cave, to drive, to toss, used in a neuter sense. CAUITS. And in a road quliair he was wont (o rin, With raips rude frae trie to trie it band, Syne cusie a raing on raw the wude within, With blasts of liorns and cauits fast calland. JIciii\i/sonc, Evergreen, i. 194. st. 29. This term seems to signify cut-cuUs ; used for rousing game ; from S. tat;-, to call. This is con- liimed by the addition, /«$/ calland. CAULD, ■'. A dam-head, S. A. " Michael Scott w as, once upon a time, much ein. barrassed by a spirit, for whom he was under the ne- cessity of linding constant employment. He com. manded him to build a cauld, or dam-head, across the Tweed at Kelso : it was accomplished in one night, and still does honour to the infernal architect." Lay of the Last Minstrel, N. p. 251. >^ This seems originally the same with Tent, kade, a small bank, and even with Fr. chaussic, " the causei/^ banke, or damme, of a pond, or of a river;" Cotgr. L. B. calecia, agger, moles. Quadraginta solidos ab eo qui molendinum sen caleciam haberet, requiret. Conventio A. 1230, ap. Du Cange. The Teut. name for a causey is kautsij.l, kaulfije. It may, however, be an inversion of Gael, clad, a bank, a dyke. CAULD BARK, " To lie in the cauld bark,'» to be dead, S. B. Alas ! poor man, for aught that I can see, This day thou lying in cauld bark raay'st be. Rosses Ilcknore, p. 26. Shall we suppose that bark is a corr. of A. S^ beorg, sepulchre, q. cold grave ? Y. Cald. CAULER, adj. Cool. V. Callour. CAULMES. V. Calmes. CAUTIONER, s. A surety, a sponsor, S» forensic term. " AH bandes, acts and obligationcs maid or to be maid, be quhat-sum-ever persons, for quhat.sum- ever broken men, pleges, or utlierwaies received for the gude rule, quietnesse of the Bordoures and Hie- landes, — sail be extended against the aires and suc- cessoures, of their sovcrties and cautioners." Acts Ja. V. Pari. 1587. c. 98. Murray. "Oft times the cautioner pays the debt;" S. Prov. Kelly, p. 272. CAUPE, Caupis, Caulpes, Calpeis, s. An exaction made by a superior, especially by the Head of a clan, on his tenants and other depen- dants, for maintenance and protection. This ■was generally the best horse, ox or cow the re- tainer had in his possession. This custom pre- vailed not only in the Highlands and Islands, but in Galloway and Carrick. " It was menit and complcnit be our souerane Lordis liegi? dwelland in the boundis of Galloway, that certani- genlilmen, heidis of kin in Galloway hes vsit to tak Caupis, of tlie quhilk tak thair, and exaction thairof, our Souerane Lord and his thro Estatis knew na iierfite nor rcssonabill cause." — Acts Ja. IV. 14S9. c. 35. also c. 36. edit, 1566, Caupcs, c. 18, 19. Murray. 8 { k C A U From a posterior act, it appears that this exaction was of the same kind with the IJerrei/elde, the best (tiicht being claimed ; and that it was always made at the death of the retainer. But, tiiere is no evi- dence that it was confined to this time. His Majesties lieges, it is said, have sustained " great hurt and skaith, these many years by-gone, by the chiefs of clans within the Highlands and isles of this kingdome, by the unlawful taking from them, their, children and executors, fifter (heir decease, un. der the name of Caulpes, of their best aught, whether it be oxe, niear, horse, or cow, alledgeiug their predecessours to hare been in possession thereof, for maintaining and defending of them against their ene- mies and evil-willers of old : And not only one of the saids Chiefs of clans will be content to uplift his Caulpe, but also three or four more, every one of them will alleadge better right then other." Acts Ja. VI. 1617. c. 21. Murray. Skene also uses catipe and calpe in sing. The term in like manner occurs in a deed of sale, dated Aug. 19. 15G4, the original of which is in the possession of Camjibell of Ashnish. In this ArchebalJ Erie of Ergyll disjioneis to Ewer Mackewer of Largachome, " our ry' tytill and kyndnes quhatsuraeiver to all maner of culpis quhatsumeiver aucht and vynt (i. e. wont) to cum to our hous of the surname of Mackewer, &c. transferrand fra ws, — all ry^, — kyndnes, & possessi- oune quhatsumeirer of t\iQ calpcis of the foirnameit surname of Clanewer, &c. with power to uptak the calpis of the foirnameit surname quhen tliay sail happin to vaick, (S:c. as ony uthcr friehaldor vithein our crledoume of Ergyll, &c. — provyding that we half the said Eweris calpe & his airis & suc- cessors quhaisnmewor. Sibb. says, " Perhaps it has some affinity with the Gael, culpaehj [colpucli'\ a young cow, which may have been a common assessment, or rate of assurance." But this limits the origin of the term too much ; as it has been seen that the best aucht of the deceased was claimed, whether it was horse, ox, or cow. Isl. kaup denotes a gift. Giif honom vtykit kaup, He heaped great gifts on him, 01. Trygg. S. ap. Ihre; corresponding in signification to Su.G. koep-a, dare. The latter etymon is consonant to the sense given of caupcs by Mr Pinkerton ; — " pretended benevo. lences of horses, cattle, or the like, accustomed to be wrested from the poor by the landlords in Gallo- way and Carrie." Hist. il. 391. CAUPONA, expl. " a sailor's cheer in heaving the anchor." " Quhen the ankyr vas halit vp abufe the vattir, ane maryncl cryit, and al the laif follouit in that same tune, Caiipon, caupona.'" Compl. S. p. 62. " The radical term is probably coup, to over, turn." Gl. Perhaps rather allied to Fr. it lai coup, at once, all together, q. at one stroke ; or coiip-er uni'e, to strike united. CAUSEY, Causay, s. A street, S. The dew droppis congelit on stibbil and rynd. And scharp hailstanys mortfundyit of k3iid, lloppand on the thak and the causai/. Doug. Virgil, 203. 2%. C A \V Teut. kautsije, kautsijde, kassijc, Fr. chaussec. V. Cauld, a bank. Hence the phrase, To keep the crozi-n of the causey, to appear open- ly, to appear with credit and respectability, q. to be under no necessity of lurking or taking obscure al. leys, S. " Truth in Scotland shall keep the crotsn of the causeteay yet ; the saints shall see religion go naked at noon.day, free from shame and fear of men," Rutherford's Lett. P. II. ep. 24. The idea is evidently borro%ved from the situation of one who, from loss of character, is ashamed to appear, or afraid to do so, least he should be arrested by his creditors. It occurs in the latter sense. " Balmcrino, suddenly dead, and his son, for publick debt, comprisings, and captions, keeps not the causey." Baillie's Lett. ii. 376. Causey-cloaths, s.pl. Dress in which one may- appear in public, S. " From that day [17th November] to Monday, I think the 20th, we kept in, providing for causej/~ cloaths." Baillie's Lett. i. 398. Causey-faced, adj. One who may appear on the street without bhishing, or has no reason for shame before others, S. B. Calsay-paiker, j. a street walk. V. Paiker. Causjey-tales, s.pl. Common news, q. street news, S. Ye needna mak causey -tales o''t ,• Do not publish it. CAURE, calves ; the pi. of cauf, a calf. It is commonly used in the West of S. Sync tornand till the fiourie how; — The cuure did haig, the queis low. And ilka bull has got his cow. And staggis all ther mciris. .himiexoiVs Popt/lur Ball. i. 2SG. I am assured (hat the word is the same in Norway. A. S. cealfru, id. To CAW, -J. a. To drive. V. Call. CAWK, s. Chalk, S. caulk, A. Bor. Wallace commaunde a burgess for to get Fyne ca:ck eneuch, that his der ncce mycht set On ilk jeit, — quhar Sotheroun wer on raw. Wallace, vii. 408. MS. A. S. ceulc, Alem. cak, Dan. Belg. kalck, Isl. kalk, C. B. calch, Lat. calx. CAWKER, s. 1. A frost nail, for the shoe of a horse, S. 2. A dram, a glass of ardent spirits, S. I can form no conjecture as to the origin, if it be not\s\. kcikr, recurvus, kcik-u, recurvi; as refer, ring to the form of the caulker, or as analogous to the Sw. term for a horse-nail, ishalce, i. e. an ice~ hnok. It seems to admit the second sense metajih. ; because a dram is falsely supposed to fortify against the efl'ects of intense cold. It confirms this, that the term frost-iiail is used in the same figurative sense. Could we view what is given as the secondary sense, as the primary one, the term might seem allied to Lat. caliv, Su.G. kalk, Isl. kaleikr, a cup. CAWLIE, s. A contemptuous name for a man. Our Glasgow Provost, its told to us. With his new acts will quite undo Us. C II A That hagisli-hcailiil Caiclic sure lluih dune to bnak us, to his power. ClclanU's Poems, p. Jl. Ttiij i'i imdoiibtcdiy llic same with Coulic, q. v. CAZARD, s. Apparently, an emperor, or Caesar; as the latter is sometimes written CaiiT. Of Korlnni', MoiifK"'"f rio sajs ; • Sho roiinl* not Kings nor Cazaii/s niair nor fuiks. Chron.S.P. iii. -199. CAZZIE, s. A sort of sack or net made of straw, S. R. V. Cassie. To CElRS, Sers, v. a. To search. — The reuthful Eneas — Drrssit him furth to spy and haue anc sicht Of new i)lacis, for tit! ceirs and knaw To quhatkin colitis he witli the wind wcs biaw. Doug. Virgil, 22. 35. Fr. chiych-cr, Ital. rrrc-urc, id. CKLIC.-\.LL, atJj. Heavenly, celestial. Furth <>( hi.s paliie riall ischit Phcbus, — l)i foundand from liis scgc ctheriall GUde influent aspectie ccUcall. Doug. Virgil, Prol. 399. 47. CENCR.\STUS, s. A serpent of a greenish colour, having its speckled belly covered with spots resembling millet-seeds. Tbair «os the serpent cencraslus, A beist of lillhy braith. fVul^on's Coll. ii. 21. Fr. ecnrhritc, Lat. ccnckrus, id. from Gr. xiyp^^sf, miliiiin. millet. CM.ST, CEssiT,/rcr. Seized. i.iird I'ersye said. (Jiihat nedis wordis mor ? Hot he be n st he sal! do gret raerwaill. JVa/lace, iii. 29. MS. In edit. IfiJS. But he be /«>/, ivc. Crsx is also used Wallace y'l. 1371. for cctifC ; as ccis by Doug. V. GarTE, 2. CH. Words, of Goth, origin, whether S. or E., beginning with cb, sounded hard, are to be traced to those in the Germ, or Northern lan- };uagcs that have k, and in A. S. c, which has the same power with k. To CM.\CK, '.'. n. To clack, to make a clink- ing noise, S. Sotnc"s tcrlh for cold did chad and chatter, Some from plaids were wringing wafer. ClclaiuVs Poems, p. 25. To CHACK, V. a. To cut or bruise any part of the body by a sudden stroke ; as when the sash of a window falls on the fingers, S. "I'his seems to be the same with K. ehcck.. Teuf. knck-cn, krk-.cn, iucrepare ; synon. S. B. Chui, q, v. V. al>o C'li \K. (;H.\t;K, Chatt, s. a slight repast, taken hastily, S. The Utter may he allied to Teuf. .tchoft, a meal taken four limes a d.iy ; pastio diurna quatuor vici. bus, Kiliaii. The former seems to be merely the E. s., q. a rheci for hiinijer, soinethio:; that restrains it. (.'.HACK, CJtF.CK, s. The Wheat-ear, a bird, Orkn. Motacilla oenantlie, Linn. C H A «' The Wliite Ear, — here deiioiHiiiated the chaci, is a mif^ratury bird, rcmainiiij; uith us through the .summer and harvest, in the end of which it departs." Barry's Orkney, p. ;!08. " To lliis li.'-t must be addend. — the snow Hake, the rail or corn-crake, the wren, iliec/ari, the linnet, iuid the sjiarrow." P. KirkHall, Statist. Ace. vii. 547. This is nearly the same >»itii the last part of its Germ, name, ifcin fclia-ahr, Penu. Zool. p. 383. V. Stank-c iiackkk. CHACKARALLY, s. Apparently, some kind of checkered or variegated cloth. — So proud Pyropus, Paragon, Or Cliackarallj), there was none. Watson's Coll. i. 28. V. Dkap-de-berry. Fr. cschecqiier, Bclg. schaakccr.en, Ital. scaccarc, to checker. A species of eotton cloth, imported from India, is in Fr. called chucart. Espcce de toile de coton a carreaux, do ditlerenfes couleure.s. Elles vicnncnt dcs Indes Oricntales, particulierement de Surate. Diet. Trev. CHACKE-BLYND-MAN, s. Blind man's buff. " He will haue us to sceke after the church, as children, at Chackc-Iilijnd.miiii, groapu after their fellowcs. For, first, hec would picKe out our eyes, or sylc us from seeing : and, then, forsooth, set vs a-scarching." Bp. Forbcs's Eubulus, yi. 37. It seems equivalent to, huJJ'et, or stribc the blind- man, pcrliaps from the v. dtucL- used somewhat obliquely. For it can hardly be viewed as a corr.. of the ancient Goth, name of this gaine still retained, ill Iceland, imch's blindii. This game, in Angus, is known by no otlier name than that n[ Jodie. l)liitd~ man, which seems merely a corr. of tliis. CHACKLOWRIE, s. Maslied cabbage, mixed amongst barley-broth, Aberd. CHAD, s. Gravel, such small stones as form the- bed of rivers, S. B. Teut. schddde, cespes, gleba ; or rather, iade^ lifus, ora, Kilian ; q. the beach which generallv corn. sisis of gravel. Belg. l-aude, a small bank, jlencc, Chaddy, nd/. Gravelly ; as, chaddy ground, that which cliiefly consists of gravel, b. CHAFTIS, CnAFTS, J.//. Chops, S. A. Bor^ chafts. Thajr men miclit heir schrlkcn oi clutftis, Qiihen that thai went thair way. Peblis to till' Plati, s(. 2(5. " Within few dayis cfter ane immoderat llux of caterre fel in his throtu & chriflis, and causit livm to resigne the governance of his realm to Aid'ane." Bellend. t!hron. I), iv. e. ITi. " iS'otwilhsfandii>g of this gret variance of opini- oun qnhilk. euir hes bene amaugis al heretykis in all aegis, yeris, \ tunes : yit thair is une gra'celes grace qnhilk followis tllaim aj. quhiik is, that thay ag;;re' vniiiersalie in ane opinioun, to cry out with oppin chiijles on the halie consales, euiii as the .Towis cryii al with .ine voce to crncille Christ." Kennedy (of Crosragnell) Compeiul. Tractine, p. 93. •' The pl|Kr w.vnts meikle, that wants his nether cAu/V.v;" Ferguson's S. Prov. p. 30. C H A Su.G. kiacft, taeft, Tsl. iiaft-ur, the jaw-bone. A. Bor. chafts, chefta, id. Hence also E. chops. Chaft-blade, s. The jaw-bone, S. Chaft-talk, s. Talking, prattling, Aberd. from cba/i and ta/k. For as far as I him excell In toulj-ifs fierce an' strong, As far in chajt-laak lie exceeds Me wi' his sleeked tongue. Poems ill the Buchan Dialect, p. 2. To CHAIPE, V. n. To escape. We hailf the rycht, the happyar may it be That we sail chuipe with grace ont ef this land. H'allacc, iv. 595. MS. Of trcw Scottis chapi/t na creatur. Ibid. i. 96. MS. Fr. eschapp-er, Ital. scapp-arc, id. CHAIPES, Chapis, s.JjL Price, rate, establish- ed value of goods. " The chaipes of the conntry," the ordinary rate, the average price; erroneously expl. " ihdpcs, cus- toms, fashions, forms — of the country," Gl. Sibb. " It is ordanit, — that thair be ordanit hostillaris — and that men find with thanie bread and ail), and all vther fudc, alsweill to liors as men, for resonable price, efter the chapis of the countrie." Acts Ja. I. 1424. c. 26. Edit. 1566. Chaipes, c. 24. Murray. A. S. cenp, price; from ccap-an, to buy. To CHAISTIFIE, n. a. To chastise. " Heirfor to dant thtr attemptatis of Inglismen, I find na thing sa expedient as to be conliderat with the pepil that may chuislijie thame niaist esaly." Bellend. Cron. B. x. c. 3. Castigure, Boeth. To CHAK, V. a. To check. To chack the wach Wallace and x had beyn Rydand about, and lias thair cummyng seyn. Wullacc, viii. 816. MS. Chak, s. The act of checking, stop. V. Char. To CHAK, -u. n. 1. To gnash, to snatch at an object with the chops, as a dog does, S. Pro- perly it expresses the sound made, " when he misses his aim," Rudd. The rynnyng hound dois hym assale in thrcte, — With h)'s wyde chaftis at hyni niakis anc snak; The bit oft failyeis for ocht he do mycht, And chakkis waist togiddir his wappynnis wycht. Doug. Virgil, 439. 35. 2. It expresses the sharp sound made by any iron substance, when entering into its socket ; as of the latch of a door, when it is shut ; to click, S. 3. To chak to, to shut with a sharp sound. " The cais chakkit to suddenlie but oiiy motion or werk of mortall creaturis." Bellend. Cron. B. xiv. c. 11. CHAKIL, s. The wrist. C!old bracelets on thair chakils hings, Thair fingers full of costly rings. IVat o?i's Coll. ii. 10. V. SaAciiLE-BONE. CHALANDRIE, s. In tapestries ye micht persaue Young ramel, wrocht like lawrell treis ; AVith syndrie sorts of chulandrie, In curious forms of carpentrie. Burel's EiUi\i/ Quene, Watson's Coll. ii. 2. C H A This probably means, imitations of singing birds, from Fr. calandre, a species of lark ; calandrus dulci-sonans in niyrica, Diet. Trev. Teut. lalander. CHALDRICK, Chalder, s. The name given in the Orkney Islands to the Sea-pie, Hoematopus ostralegus, Linn. "The wild fowl of these islands are very numerous. Among these we may reckon — the scarf, and the scapieor(.7ju/(//Vc/.-." P. Kirkwall, Stat. Ace. vii. 516. Called iielder, Feroe Isles ; Isl. tialtdur. Pen- nant's Zool. II. 4S2. According to G. Andr. tialldr is the sea-thrush, Turdus marinus, p. 238. Elsewhere he says that the sea-pie (pica uiarina) is vulgarly called rilskeglu, vo. .Rilur, p. 200. This is evidently the same with the chalder of Shet- land. The description of the sea-])ie answers exact- ly ; for " it lives on leuipots, which it sciiarates from the rock very dexterously with its long red bill." r. Northmaven, Shell. Ibid, xii. 366. N. CH.\LMER, s. Chamber. To me is displesant Genyus ehulmer, or malrymonye to hant. Doug. Virgil, 93. 63. Cil.\i,MER-Gi,EW, s. " Chambering, secret wan- tonness," Gl. Sibb. , V. Glew. CHALOUS, Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. i. 11. V. Choli.e. CH.\1\IBERERE, .-. A chamberlain; Fr. chamhricr., id. Studc at the dure Fair catling hir vschere, That coude his ofllcc dooti in conyng vise. And Secrctee hir thrift) ehumberere. That besy was in tyme to do seruysc. King\<: Quair, iii. 24. CHAMBRADEESE, s. A parlour; a name still used by some old people, Fife. 1 am informed that the designation is used in some parts of France. It is supposed to bo q. I' r. cliam- bre oil lis diyc/it, the chamber in which conversation is held ; as jiarlour, for the same reason, from purler to speak. Perhai)s rather chambrc au dais, a cham- ber with a canopy, cj. the room of state. V. Deis. To CHAMP, -v. a. To chop, to mash, S. Chomp,. Lancash. to cut things small. " As for truth, clip not, nor champ not my words (as some have done elsewhere) and I beleeve the worst aliected will not charge me with lying."- Hume's Hist. Doug. To the Reader, p. 2. Germ. Belg. kapp-eit, id. By the insertion of /«, it difi'ers from all the other dialects. CH AMPIT, adj. Having raised figures, imboss- ed, diapered. I saw all claith of gold men might deiiise, — Saline figures cliuiiipit with llouris and bewis. Palice of Honour, i. 46. Teut. schump-en, radere, scalpere. CHANCY, adj. Fortunate, happy, S'. Desyre to be chaiici/ and fortunate, As vthir princis quhilkis mare happy bene. Doug. Firgil, 425. 25. Before the alfaris he slew in sacrifice, To the God of tempestis anc blak beiat, Ff C 11 A \ii.l to the i/ia/iiM wiudis anc nijlk qiiliid-. Dong. I'll nil., 71. 22. i. r ibc favourabli- vi\nA>. /•■/!> il'ii^; N'iri;. " Tliore wciv man) that rcfiiM-ii, because tliuy Lncw Sir Aiidrt-w Wixid to he sutli a captain upon tlic »«M, and so chiittri/ in battle, that he oft times ijjiiiiil llie xirlory." I'ilscoltii-, |i. 100. l''r. ihanceaiiv, id. J. Forbotling good fortune, S. Any person or thing viewed as inauspicious, is said to be no ihmry, S. Now »hiii I iiiiiid inc, 1 met Ma^jjy Grim, Thi-. morning jf at ihc bi'fiinniiiq; o't ; She »a> ncTiT ra'd cham-jj, but canny and slim, And sae it has fared with my spinning o'<. Stiii^, Ro»j'j- lltlfnorc, p. 134. This refers to the absurd idea entertained by su- perstitious people, that llicir fortune in a journey, or in any undertaking, Mill be good or bad, as ilm Jiist fit, or first |M'rson they meet ^^ith, is supposed to be lucky or unlucky. Sin' that I ihrave sae ill, — I fancy, s^onu- tiruj or fairy, nae sae very chancj/, Jla» driviu me, by pawky wiles uncommon, To wed this llitiug fury of a woman. Fergusson's Pocmn, ii. 2. CHANDLER, Ckanler, s. A candlestick, S. Fr. cbandilier, a branch for holding candles, used obliquely. Grose mentions rhaundler, id. Gl. Have '.ou any pots or pans, Or any broken chandlers .^ Rfimstij/'s I'oeins, ii. 286. V. Raxes. Chani.er-chafted, o;^'. Lantern-jawed; having chops like a chaudkr or candlestick, S. B. '• IJot the thing that anger'd mc warst awa was, to be sae sair guidg'd by a vhanlcr-chujtcd auld runk rarlen." Journal from London, p. 4. CH.A.NXEL, s. Gravel, S. (synon. chad") per- haps from channel, ihe bed of a river; this be- ing generally composed of gravel. V.CllINGLE. CiiANSELLV, adj. Gravelly, S. " In some farms, they sow a good deal of what goes by the name of grey oats, which are only valu- .ible, because they yield a jiretty good crop upon our fkuiuulli) ground, where hardly any other grain will grow." 1'. lUackford, Perllis. Statist. Ace. iii. 207. To CHANNER, v. n. To fret, to be in a chid- ing liiiniour, .S. Tlie coek doth craw, the day doth daw, The channcriii worm doth cliide; Ciin we be mist out «" our place, A sair pain «e niaun bide. Minstitlsjj Holder, ii. 125. To chunUr, to grumble, mutter, or complaiji ; A. Uor. CHANOS, adj. Gray. — .\poun his rhin feili chiino.i liaris gray. fiot/g. I'irgd, 173. 44. V. Casois. IFIANTERIS, /././. For sum ar seue at sermonis seme sa halye, Siui-aml S.in.f l).ividi> psaller on ihair bukis, And ar bol bihiistis fair-ing full thair bellie Uarkliytand nyrhtbours, noyaud Ihiune in miikis K'Uging and raifaud up kirk-routi, U kc ruikis • ' C H A As werrie waspis aganis Godeis word makis weir: Sic Chrisiianis to kiss witli chanteris kuiks ; God gif the grace aganis this gndc new-yeir. Bannatjjnc Poemiop or turn hor, Kay ; from A.S. cerr-an, to turn, to turn from, ili»ertcrc j I.I. t.ir.ti, Sii.G. ioer.a. >i pcllorr. ( H A R . On char, to a si Je. The iliv wa« tlawint; wcle I knew, — AnP ichot wviiilo nn«chot ani- lilcl on char, IVr»aurt the inornvng bla, wan anil har. Doti';. nrjril,im. 21. P.illa» than throw gird Khctciis the king, A» ho on caco c;luiJ bv on char fleing. /A/W. 330. 31. Thi» i« certainly the same with K. ajar. A. S. rerre, turniny, bending, winding ; a bending of the mail, a sido-way. To CHAR. Chardoutc. '1 hynVi^ qiihal i;ladsclii|) ws abidis, Oil)' ih.it wc may, as weil betydis, Main wii'loiir of our fayis her. For lh:ir is nanc than, fer iia ner, 111 all thvs land that ws char iloiite. Harbour, viii. 257. MS. i. e. " There Is none who in this case will dare (o litter a complaint, or iniirnnir distrust concerniiif; n«. A. S. crar.ian, to roinplain, lo murmur ; Su.fJ. kiicr-a, id., al*o, to aciuse. In editions ^rti' dnubt. CHARBUKILL, s. l. A carbuncle. — C'hosiii iJiarbiikiU, clieif (Imire, and cedir (re. — Votig. Kirgil, 3. 10. 2. An ulcer. — The Kiiikho^t, the Charbiicle, and worms in the chirks. I'lilxcarl's Fli/ting, p. 13. V. Cleiks. I..VI. rnrbiiiiruliii, iii. ; h'r.eicarboiiclc, curbouclc," the pestilent botch or sore, termed a carbuncle," Cotgr. CHARD, prft. V. Chier. CH.\RE, t. A Chninot ; Fr. cLar, id. Ane rial chtire richely array! t he sent, \Vilh twa Sterne stedis theriii yokit j fere. Doi/f. f^irgil, 21 5. 29. Currus, Virg. CH.\RE, t. Care, charge. Was Colin, say you, the auld sheplirrd's name ? Il.id he of whafs befallen you ony blame? Ili-ard ye nae word, cin he had cliicl or chare? Or he a jo that had the yellow hair ? /{ojj'.v H,lrnon\ p. 73. i. r. " Had he any son or ward of his own, anv one under his care?" formed like I'", charic, from A. S. car, cura, or ccnrig, solieilus. K. char vigiiities a turn, a job ; and is, by Mr Tookr, derived from A.S. ci/r.an, vertere. lie »irw» it aa cipiitalcnt to turn. liivcrs. Purlev II. 102. •^' CHARGES, s. pi. " Thir twosortesof men. that is to say, mini. ^I'-rs of the word, and the poore, toiiether'wiih the •ehi>olc«, when order shall be taken thvreaneiit, niii't bv susIc) iii'd upon the char^rs of the kirk • and therefore prorision must be made how, and by C H A whom siicli summrs must bo lifted." First Bulk of Discipline, c. 8. ^ I. " Rents," Marg. Fr. charge, pension, rente; Dirt. Trcv. CH.VRLE WAN, Charlewayne, s. The constellation Ursa Major, also called the Plough, S. — The Pleuch, and the poles, Ihc'planettis began, The Son, the seuin sternes, and the Charle Zianc. Doug. i''irgil, 239. b. 2. Rudd. thinks that it was so called, " q. Caroli plaiistriim, in honour jjerliups of Charlemagne, who first began the friendship and league, which continued so long between the French and Scots." But this designation is by no means peculiar to S., nor is there any reason to suppose that it originated here. In A.S. this constellation was called curleas- ii'ign, whence K. Charlsz^ain, Charles^ s wain ; Su.G. karhcagn, Dan. karlvogn. F"oreign writers have also sujjposed that the name was given in honour of Charlemagne, as the Romans had their Julium Sidus. But this o|!iniou, as Ihre has observed, is not sup- ported by any ancient authority. Iludbeck pre. tends, that, in an early age, the Northern deity Thor was called Karl ; and that, as he was represented as sitting in a chariot, and exercising his empire over the stars and (luinder, this constellation was his symbol. Atlantic, ap. Ihre, vo. Karl. It seems scarcely probable that it was denomi. nated from Charles the great ; as the name Charle. icain appears to have been unknown to the an- cient (lermaus. They simply called this constella- tion, the tcain ; A\i:m. tn/agan. Germ, zcagen ; or according to Luther, zcagenstern, Amos, v. 8. Tent, ica'.'gen, arctos, J5^aust^uIn, sydas simile plau- stro ; Kilian. CHARNAILL BANDIS, s. pi. Strong hinges used for massy doors or gates, riveted, and often having a plate, on each side of the gate ; E. centre-hinges. They are still called charnell- Tjands, S., although the word is now nearly ob- solete. A wricht he luk, the sutlellast at thar was, And ordand him to saw tlie burd in twa. Be the myd strcit, that nane niyrht our it ga ; On charnaiU bandh nald it full fast and sone. Syne fyld with clay as na thing had beyne done. IValtacc, vii. 1152. MS. Edit. 1648 and 1073, Cornell bands. Fr. charn/ere, " a hinge, a turning joint ; also, a certain device or engine, whereby a wooden leg or arm is made to move.;" Cotgr. Chardonncreau, " the barreof a doore : the pe.-ce, band, or plate, that ninncs along on the hindge-side of some doors ; ibid." CHARRIS. V. Char, v. CH.\SBOL, Cheseol, Chesbowe, .o. Poppy ; pi. chasbollis. " Aid Tarquine gef nay ansncr lo (he mossanijer, hot tuiUe his -taf, and syne p.ast throrhf his canlln, and quhar that he gat ony cha'boUis that gren hie, he siraik the heidis fra them vitht his staf, and did no thyng to the litil chasbollis." Compl. S. p. 140. This word is spelled cheabotlis " in the parallel passage of Ballenfinc's Livy, MS." Gl. Compl. C II A C II E — To the Tvalkryf ilragoun mete gaif sche, That keping the goldyn ap()illis iu the trc, Strynklaiid to hiin the wak hony swcte. And sleperye chesboice scde to walkin his sprefe. Doug. Firgil, 117. 7. — The chesbozs hedes oft we se Bow down thare knoppis, sowpit in thar grane. Quhcn thay are chargit with the heny rano. lOid. 292. 7. In both places Virg. uses papaver. Rudd. en- tirely overlooks this word. E. cheese bozcls, papavcra hort. according to Skinner, from some supposed resemblance to the vessels used by those who make cheeses. In Gloss. Compl. Fr. dbotilc, Ital. cipolla, are mentioned as of the same meaning. Rut by mis. take ; for these words signify " a hollow leek, a chiboll." V. Cotgr. The poppy is denominated in Bflg. slaap-botl, from its resemblance of a bowl, q. the bowl causing sleep. It is not improbable, however, that chabol is formed from Fr. cha.tse poiilx, wild black hellebore or bears-foot ; from chasser and poulx or pouh, to drive away the pulse ; as being accounted a poison- ous herb. This being the meaning of the Fr. name of hellebore, our forefathers might transfer it to poppy, because of the similarity of its cfl'ects. How Doug, mentions it as given to walkin the dragon's spretv, is not easily conceivable ; as the design was to lull him. CHASE, s. " The Lord Seytoun, without ony occasioun of- fered unto him, brak a chase upoun Alexander Quhytlaw, as they came from Prestoun, — and ccissit not to persew him till he came to the toun of Or. mistouu." Knox, p. 159. Perhaps a shaft, or handle, as of a whip ; or the barrel of a gun : for Fr. chasse is used in both senses; chasse-messe, a firelock. CHASS, s. Case, condition. The lordis was blyth, and welcummyt Weill Wal. lace, Thankand grct God off this fair happy chaxx. IVuUace, viii. 411. MS. To CHASTY, V. a. To chastise, to correct. Rot sen thow spekys sa rudly, It is gret sky 11 men chastij Thai proud wordis, till that thou knaw The rycht, and bow it as thow aw. Bnrhour, is. 751. MS. Fr. chasti-cr, Teut. kuftij-cii, id. To CHAT, V. a. To bruise slightly, S. ; synon. chad. CHAT THE. Quod I, Churlc, ga chat (lie, and chide with ane vthir. Doi/i;. Virgil, 239, a. 30. lie wald half lufit, scho w aid not lat him, For all his yellow lokkis; He chereist hir, scho bad gae chat him, Scho compt him not twa clokkis. Chr. K/rlc, st. 4. This has been rendered, to go about his business, to take care of himself, from Goth. sio^-« curare ; Callander. But perhaps the sense given by Rudd. is more natural ; " hang thyself." lie adds from Coles; '^ Chut signifies the gallows in tln^ cautirii; language." Grose writes chutes. Class. Did. As A. Ror. chat signifies a small twig, (Grose's Gl.) it may be equivalent to S. icidclie, a halter, properly a withe or twig. CHAUDMELLE; s. a sudden broil or quar- rel. It is thus expl. by Skene; " In Latine Rixa ; a\u: hoatsuddaine tuilyie, or debaite, quhilk is opponed as contrair to fore.thoucht fcllonie." De Verb. Sign. Fr. chaucle hot, and meslcc, iiiclce, broil ; q. a broil arising from the heat of passion : L. R. chaudi- mclia, Calidu Metlciu, Du Cange. V. Melle. CHAUD-PEECE, s. Gonorrhoea. — The snulVand the snout, the chaudpeecc. PolzMi-rs Fluting. V. CLriKS. Fr. chaude.pisse is thus defined, Diet. Trev. Es- l)cce de maladie qu'on appelle autrement gonorrhee. Le mot de chaiide-pisse a quelque chose d'obscene. To CHAW, "u. a. To fret, to gnaw. I am God Tybiis, wattry hewit and haw, Quhilk, as thou seis, with mony iawp and iaw Bettis thir brayis, chawing the bankis doun. Doug. Virgit, 241. 50. 2. To provoke, to vex, S. Rudd. derives this from E. chars, chczs. But it is probably allied to O. F. chaloir, to put in pain. Ne m'en chault; it does not vex me. Rom. de la Rose. CHEATS, Chits, s. The sweet-bread. Chits and ncars, a common dish in S. i. e. Kidneys and sweet-breads. Further more I have expended Vast sums, to wit, for washing, lodging, diet, — For panches, saucers, sheepheads, cheats, plack- pyes. Watsoifs Coll. i. 22. V. FoURHOUES. CHECK, s. A bird. V. Chack. CHEEK-BLADE, s. The cheek-bone, S. Some hungry tykes falls by the ears. From others chcekhlades collops tears; About the licking of the looms. Before the beast to shambles comes. Clelaiid's Poems, p. 77. CHEESEHAKE, s. A frame for drying cheeses when newly made, S. V. Hake. CHEESE-RACK, s. The same with Cheese- hake, S. My kirnstaff now stands gizzen'd at the door. My cheese-rack toom that ne'er was toom before. Fcrgussoifs Poems, ii. 3. To CHEIM, V. a. To divide equally ; espe- pecially in cutting down the backbone of an animal, S. R. This, I suspect, is merely a corr. of the E. v. chine, used in the same sense, from chine, the backbone. Fr. eschin-er. To CHEIP, Chefe, v. 71. 1. To peep, to chirp, as young birds in the nest, S. Cheepc, O. E. " The garruling of the stirleue gart the sparrou cheip." Compl. S. p. 60. Als fele. wrinkis and turnys can sche mak, CUE As tlois the swallo with liir pinnies blak, — (;ii(l'5. FroT. p. 71. Joliusoii ilelincs chirp, as if it iiiTariably Jcnofed a chefrfiil sound, <|. cheer up. Tliis idea, however, is not suggested by cheip. .'. To squeak with a shrill and feeble voice, S. •' To tlicmtelvcs (the Scottish) the woods and liilis of tliiir country were pointed out by the great Jirure as their safest bulwarks ; and the niaxiiii of I he Douglasses, tliat it was ' better to hear tlie lark sinj;, than the mouse cheep,' was adopted by every border chief." Minstrelsy Border, Pref. Lixvi. V. also Hume's Hist. Douglas, p. '259. ;;. To mutter; applied metaph. to man, S. — Thair wylis lies inaistcry, That Ihiy dar nawayis cheip. nnrniafjjnc Pornis, p. 179. st. 7. 4. To creak. In this sense shoes arc said to cl'jclj)^ when they retain the music of the last. A door is also said to ch(if>, when the sound, occasioned by its motion, grates the ear, S. According to Sibb. this word is formed from the souud. IJut 1 would rather refer it to Belg. ijrlp- iii, to chirp; 'Tgetjilp van muischeii, the chirping of sparrows. Isl. keip-ar, used to denote the cause- less murmurs of children, has considerable resem- hlaiice ; Puerorura vagitus et qucrelac sine causa, ('.. Andr. p. 142. Cheip, s. This admits of the same various sig- nifications as the V. It is also used, in a general sense, to denote noise of any kind. " I did not hear a cheip j" i.e. There w us not the least noise, S. C.MEirER, s. The cricket, an insect; denomi- nated from the noise it makes, Loth. ■J'o CHEIPS, V. a. To buy or sell. The lairds that drank guid wyn, and ale, Ar now faine to drink smattis ; Tliay top the beir, and cheips the mcil, The ludie sawis the ulKis. Maitland Poems, p. 189. A.S. ccap-ini, cmere. veudcre ; whence E. cheap- tn. It is not improbable that (his may be the ori- gin of the ;•. chiiups. X . Cii.vr, t. 3. To CHEIS, Cheiss, Chics, Chese. i. To choose. V brought hiui (her he ches, Jle gave me ten srhilling. Sir Trislrem, p. 3G. St. 55. Dower gives the following advice, as expressed by one in the vulgar language, concerning the conduct of Hehoboam, king of Israel. Kyngis state gilTyou will lede. Till aid mennis consall tak gude hide : ftoboam his kyngdam lesit, ^ onge mennis consall for he rhait. Scotichron. Lib. xiv. c. 4. •2. To appoint ; used in an oblique sense. A tournament thai ihts. Sir Tristrcm. i. e. " They appointed a toiirnay," Gl. It is used ill sense 1. by R. Bniiuio, p. fic. Ciche- 21. CUE After Saynt Edward, Harald kyng thei chcs. MoesG. Lcs-aii, A.S. ceos.aii, ei/s-an, Alcm. Belc kies.cv, Su.G. kes-a, id. C'hauc. chese. CHEITRES, Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 48. read chekts. CHEK, s. 1. Cheek. Douglas. 2. The post of a gate. Oft with the ram the porte is schaik and duschyt, Doun bet yet chekis, and bandis all to fruschyt. Doug, yirgil, 55. 27. i. c. gate-posts. In the same sense the posts of a door are still called the door-checks, S. CHEKER, Checker, s. The exchequer. " All schirefs sould compeir yearlic in the cltekcr : or ane sufficient deptitc for him : haucand power to sweare for him : and in his sauU : vnder tlie paine of ten punds, and tynsell of his ollicc at the kings will." Stat. Hob. III. c. 26. Norm. Fr. . cjuier. CHELIDERECT, s. A kind of serpent. Thair vvcs the Viper, and th' Aspect, AVith the serpent Chelidereet, Quhois slink is felt afar. DureVs Pilg. IVutson's Coll. ii. The account given by Cotgr. of Chelijdre, Fr. corresponds with that of Burel : " A most venom- ous and stinking snake, or serpent; rough-skaled, broad-headed, and of a darke tawny colour." Lat. chelijdrus, Or. ;t;iAu5ff5, testudo marina ; item vene- natus serpens ; es x^^"^j testudo, et vSwj, aqua. CHEMAGE', Wallace, ix. 14. SobjT Luna, in flowyug off the sc, When brycht Phoebus is in his chemagS, The bulys courss so takin had his place, And Jujiiter was in the crabbis face. In edit. 1648, 1673, chemes hie, i. e. high dwell- ing. This seems the true reading, although in MS. as given above. The whole passage is obscure. V. ClIEMYS. CHEjNIER, c a loose upper garment. A chemer for till hele his wed, Apon his armour had he then ; And arm\ t vveill, als war his men. — With that he kest of his chemer, And hym in hand a stalwart sper. Harbour, xvi. 580. 601. Edit. 1620, chimmer. V. Chymour. CHEMYS, Chymes, Chymmes, Chymis, s. A chief dwelling ; as the manor-house of a landed proprietor, or the palace of a prince. It is enjoined that Baron. courls should be held at the Chemijs, as the residence of the Baron himself. " First and formest, quhere court sould behalden, their audit to compeir at ane certaiuc place, within the Baronic, (the quhilk place is called the Cliemijs) the Baillie of the Baronie, with sufficient power, be letter and scale of the Baron, with his Clerks, his Serjaiid, and lawfull and sufficient soytours." — Baron Courts, c. 1. s. 1. — ; — The mychty grete Enec A\ ithin his narrow chijmmcs ledis he. Doug, rirgii, 254. 54. Tectum, Virg. >v lion the phrase, rt(/« pauperis Evandri, occurs a few lines before, it is rendered " Evaiidrus pure lugeyng." MS. CUE But this was owing to the poverty of the prince him- self. It was still the best residence lie hail. It denotes the palace of the Latin kyng ; w ho — Callis the cheif Icdaris of his meiiye, Chargeand thay suld in his ^jf///ct; conuene, Vnto the rial ihijmes. Ibid. 369. 2S. It is even used for the palace of Jupiter, Ibid. 317. 40. liudd. derives it from Fr. chemise, a shirt ; Sibb. renders it " houses or cottages standing separately," deducing it from Tcut. hammej/s, Dan. hiemmcs, Fr. Iiameaux, hamlets. As chemys has the form of a s. pL, I have thought that our word might be traced to Arm. diem, chain, ckom, citoum, chemel, a habitation, whence Bullet derives Fr. chom-er, to rest, to stop. He observes that Heb. chomah signifies a wall ; Chin, ihom, a palace ; Arab, cliamel, a tent, chumit, to cover, diamai, to protect. Hence he derives llisp. cnmu. a lodging. The latter seems immediately from 1>. H. cnnid, a bed, lectus, Isidor. Since writing this article, I have observed that Mr Pinkerton gives materially the same derivation ; from dwin. Arm. to dwell. " Hence," he adds, " it w oiild seem is chum, a college word for co. habitant, chamber companion." Maitland Poems, Note, p. 392. But there is reason to believe that the resemblance is merely accidental, and that the term is from O. Fr. diesmez, the principal house on an estate, that which is inhabited by the lord or proprietor. Du Cange, defining Mansura Capitate, says ; Quod vulgo Caput Mansi, nostris Chefmcz. Under the article Caput Mansi, he observes that dief mots occurs in the same sense in Norm. Fr. He also mentions Quieinc: as a variation. As in S. Kaims is in some places the name of a village, perhaps it may have originally been used as denoting the mansion. house w;hich might have stood there. Chef mcz is merely the translation of caput miinsi, from O. Fr. ehcf, head, and /«(■-, mats, nioit, which seem corr. from ?nunsus. Chcf-mets. Quelqucs uns ecrivent dief-mais, chef-mois. C'cst le princi- pal iiKinoir d'une siiccession. Diet. Trev. It is worthy of observation, that Douglas uses rhemj/s and inaiiys as terms perfectly synon. ; apply- ing both to the residence of Evander. This sobir manj/s resauit him, but Icis. — And saying this, the mychfy grct Enee Within his narrow chi/mmcs ledis he. Doug, f^irgil, ^54. 46. 54. Y. Mints. CHENYIE, Chenye', s. A cliain. •• 'I'han he ^art his sodiours serche and seike Be-'isus. quha vas gottyn in I he forot. and va« brocht and led bundyn in anc chcnjje befor kyng Alex, ander." Compl. S. p. 188. Fr. diuinv, jd. V. term. Ye. CHENNONIS, s. pi. Canons belonging to a cathedral. Perfytelie thir Pile mauis as for priouris. With thair partio habitis, present thame thair. — All kin chcnnonis eik of uthir ordouris ; All manor of rcligioun, the less and the mair. Iloulate, i. 15. MS. Fr. chanoine. To CHEPE, V. n. To chirp. V. Cheip. CUE CHESBOW, s. The poppy. V. Chasbol. To CHESE, V. a. To choose. V. Cheis. CHESYBIL, s. An ecclesiastical dress; O. E. chesuble, chnsuhk, a kind of cope, a short vest- ment without sleeves, which a Popish priest wears at mass ; Phillips. Anc-other chesybil he gave alsua. IVi/ntozsu, ix. 6. 155. L. B. casida, casubla, casubula ; Belg. kusuijfel, Fr. casublc, id. a little cope. CHESS, J'. The frame of wood for a window, a sash, S. Botli the S. and E. w ord seem derived from Fr. diufsis, id. To CHESSOUN, v. a. To subject to blame, to accuse. He is sa ful of justice, richt and ressoun, I lufe him not in ocht that will mcehessoun. Priests of Peblis, Piii/c. S. P. Repr. i. 39. i. c. that will subject me to an accusation. Fr. achoisonu-er, to accuse, to pick a quarrel against, Cotgr. This seems to be formed from Lat. accuso, Chessoun, Chesovvne, s. Blame, accusation ; exception. Thus be yow ay ane example men tais : And as je say than al and sundrie sayis : If that ye think richt, or yit rcssoun, 'Jo that I can, nor na man, have chessoutt. And that ye think nnressoun, or wrang. Wee al and sundrie sings the samin sang. Priests of Peblis, S. P. Repr. i. p. 7. Eftcr this tail in us ye sal not taint ; Nor yit of our justice to mak ane (ilaint. And afterward sa did this King but dtessoun ; On him micht na man picnic of rcssoun. Ibid. p. 15. Mr Pinkerton interrogatively renders it, opposi- iio)t. But it is evidently from Fr. achoison, which not only signilies occasion, ciioice, election, but also, accusation. Thus the meaning is ; " The king did as ho had promised, without being accused of i[i- jiislice by any one." CHESTER, s. The name given to a circular fortification, in some parts of S. '• There are several circular fortifications, called chesters, which bear evident marks of great anti. quity. — They arc all similar to each other, and much about the same size ; being nearly 40 or 50 yards diameter. The outer wall or inclosure, for some of them have evident marks of smaller, but ir- regular inclosures within, consists of a rude mass, of large and small tumbling stones, built without any regularity or order; and without mortar of anv kind. — Chester, in Gaelic, signifies a camp. And as the name is of Gaelic original, for this as well as other reasonc, I am disposed to think that they arc of greater antiquity than even Agricola's wall, or Graham's dyke." P. Kilsyth, Stirl. Statist. Ace. xviii. 292. 293. I find no evidence, however, that this term h Gael. It is evidently the same with the Lat. word castra, adopted into A. S. in the form of ceastcr, urbs, oppidum, castrum, castellum, a city, a town, a fort, a castle : " whence," as Somner remarks. CUE «' the trnnlnalion of the names of so many places in i::,;lan(l in ca-(er, Chester, and the like." V. Keiii. «.;HESW£LL, X. A checsc-vat. " He is gone out of the cUcsitcU that he was made in;" S. ProT. '• A rcflwclion upon persons « ho perk abore thiir birth and station." Kelly, p. Ml. V. K VIS VIIT. CHEVERON, r. Armour for a horse's head. — In hi> ihcvcioii biforne, Stode .IS an unicorne Ais sharp as a thorite, An anias of stele. Sir Gaican and Sir Gal. ii. 1. «« It appears," says Mr Piiikcrlon. " to have been the ornament or defence of the head of a war- horse, in the midst of which was an aniace, or sharp pii-ce of steel, as is observable in miniatures and other monumenis of ihc times." He conjectures, that it is from 0. I-"r. c/«/, as defending the head of the horse. drose gives the following account of it: " The chuiij'ruii, ihamfrcin, or >lia£'ruii, took its denonii. nation from that part of (he horse's head it covered, and was a kind of mask of iron, copper or brass, and sometimes of jacked K-ather, enclosing the face and ears. Some of these chanfrons seem to have been so contrived as to hinder a horse from seeing right before him, perhaps to prevent his being inti- midated by any object against which he might be directed, so as to cause him to start aside, or lessen the celerity of his charge. From the centre of the forehead there sometimes issued a spike or horn, like that given by the heralds to the unicuni ; but gene- rally it was adorned with an escutcheon of armorial bearings, or other ornamcnial devices. In several of the French historians we read of chanfrons worn by their nobilil)-, not only of gold, hut also orna- niented with [recions stones. Chanfrons reaching only to the middle of the face are called demy chan- frons." — " The rhanfron," he adds in a Note, " is defined to be the fore part of the head, extending from under the ears along Ihc interval between the eyebrows down (o the nose. Gciitleman\t l)ic- liuiiari/. Perhaps from champ and frcin, the field or space for the bridle. Milif. Antiq. ii. 059. J^. [j, chiimlrrniim, Dn Cange ; Fr. chiiiijruiii, chaiifrcin. CHEVIN, />«r/./.rt. Than w as he glaid of this, .\nd thorhl himself weil chcvin. And hume he cam wiih blis ; Thocht lang quhill it was evin. Maitliind Poem/t, p. 363. Given among words not vinderstood, Gl. But in Wallace we find chcvif, chevj/t, in the sense of at- chiived ; and A. Uor. to rhiwe is to succeed, which Kay views as derived, either from atchieve, per Hphaereytn, or from Fr. ihevir, to obtain. Thus " he Ihoehf hiuiself weil chciirt," may signify, " he thought he had uncceedeil well," or, " come to a happy leniiinalion," as rfte.ir al«o signilies, to make an end. Allied lo this is the phrase used by Chauc. " Yvel mote he there," ver. 16093. CMEWAL, arij. Distorted. He chow is nie his tliexcal mouth, and scheddis my Uppis. Dunbar, Muillund I'ocm^, p. 48. CHI 1 Chotsis may be eitlier for chews or shozcs. V. SiiKVKi,, and SiiowL. CHEWALRY, s. 1. Men in arms, of what- ever rank. lie gadryt gret chczoalry. And towart Scotland went in by. Barbour, iv. 187. MS, 2. Courage, prowess in arms. The crounc that Ihu couth ber ; And off the croicc. a gret party, He wan throw his ehcicalry. Barbour, iii. 462. MS. Fr. chcvaleric, knighthood ; here transferred to armed men without distinction. It also signifies prowess, illustria facinora, Diet. Trcv. Chewalrol's, adj. Brave, gallant. Throw his cliezcalj/ous tliewalrj Galloway wcs stonayit gretuml3^ Barbour, ix. 536. MS. This has undoubtedly been a mistake of the trans- criber for chezidlrous. 0. Fr. chcvuleurcux, illustris, nobilis. Chewalrusly, adv. Bravely, gallantly. The King, full cheiculruslii, Defend) t all his comiiany. Barbour, iii. 89. MS. To CHEWYSS, ■y. a. To compass, to atchieve, to accomplish. In by thai thocht thai snld him sla, And giff that thai mycht cheicyss swa ; Fra tluat thai the king had slayn. That thai mycht wyn the woud agayn. Barbour, vii. 427. MS. V. Chevix. Chewvsance, Chewysans, s. Acquirement, pro- vision, means of sustenance. O. E. cheuisance^ As I am her, at your charge, for plesance, My lyllat is but honest cheiBi/sance. Wallace, ix. 375. MS. i. e. " Supported by the bounty of another, I do not honourably provide for myself as I have dons formerly." Quhen Wallace saw thir gud men off renown, With hunger stad, almast mycht leyff no mar, AV) t ye, for thaim he sichit wondyr sar. Gud men, he said, I am the causs off this ; At your desyr 1 sail amend this wyss, Or leytl'you fre sum cheicjjsans to raa. Ibid. \\. 567. MS. also Barbour, iii. 402. Perha|,s tc^is should be mi/ss. And though he can so to a cloth, and can no bet- ter cheuisuncc, Nede anone right winneth him vndcr mayneprise. /*. Ploughman, Fol. 111. b. V. the r. To CHICK, V, n. To make a clicking noise, as a vi'atch d'jes, S. Perhaps from Teut. kick-cn^ mutire, miiiimam voceni edere, Kilian. CHICKENWORT, x. Chickweed, S. Alsine media, Linn. From chicken and uo/Y, an herb, A. S. v.y t, Belg. u'o;-?, q. the herb fed on by chickens. CHIEL, Chield, s. 1. A servant. CJiatnber-chiel, a sen-ant who waits in a 'gentleman's chamber, a valet. " He called for his chaiiiber-chich, and caused. C II I C II Y Iht'in tolii;htcandles,anJ to remain a while beside him, till huhad rocoverod the fear and drcadour that he had taken in his sleep and dreaming. I'itscottie, p. 27. '■ The Unke gave his chamber-chkl command, that he should drink no wine that ninht, but keep himself fresh, for he knew not m hat he had ado." — Ibid. p. 84. This word may be originally the same with kittlt, a boy ; allied to which are kiilla, a girl, and kulle, offspring. It is probable, however, tha.t c/ticl in the first sense, is immediately a corruption of Child, q. V. and that the following senses arc of later origin. Dr Percy says, he has been assured that the ballad of Gil Mot ice " is still current in many parts of Scot- laud, where the hero is universally known by the name of Child Maurice, jjrouounccd by the com- mon peoide Cheil J or Chceld." lleliqucs, v. 1. 2. A fellow ; and like this word, used either in a good or bad sense ; although more commonly as expressive of disrespect, S. In a good sense, it is said, He''s ajitie cbicld^ i. e. A good fellow. Chieh carry cloaks, when 'tis clear, The fool when 'tis foul has nane to wear. Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 21. In the following extracts, it is evidently used ■with disresiiect. They're fools that slav'ry like, and may be free ; The chiels may a' knit up themselves for me. Ramsutfs Poems, ii. 77. These ten lang years, wi' blood o' freins, The chiel has paid his lawin. Poetns in the Buchan Dialect, p. 27. We're never out of sight for half an hour ! But some chield ay upon us keeps an ee. Ross's llctenore, p. 51. 3. A stripling, a young man. This sense is ge- neral through Scotland. But S. B. it is ap- plied indiiFerenfly to a young man or woman. Now Nory kens she in her guess was right. But lootna wi't, that she had seen the knight ; But at her speers, How far frae this away, She thought the braes of Flaviana lay ? Nae near, my chcel, she say?.^ ■ Ross'^s Jlelenore, p. 78, 4. An appellation expressive of fondness, S. B. But are the cows your ain ? gin I may speer, O never ane of them bclangs to me. They are the laird's, well may his honour be : Jly ain gueed chield, that sucked me full sweet, And's ay kind to me, whan we chance to meet. Ross's Ilelenore, p. 78. To CHIER, Chier, v. a. To cut, to wound. He chesit a flane, as did affeir him, — Through baith the chieks he thocht to chier him. Chr. Kirk, st. 8. Ed. Calland. Cheir, Chron. S. P. AS. scear.un, scer-un, tondere ; or ceorf-an, cearf- an, secare. Chard, which occurs in the same stanza, as it agrees in sigoilication, has been viewed as the pret. of the v. CHIERE, s. Chair. " Chiere of estate." Chair of state. And in a chiere of estate besyde, ^ With wingis bright, all plumyt, hot his face, There sawe I sitt the blynd god Cupidc. King's Qiiair, iii. 21. CHILD, CHYLD, J. A servant, a page. Wallace sum part befor the court furlh raid. With him twa men that douchtye war in deid. Our Ink the child Schyr Ilan.ildis sovvme couth leid. Wallace, Iv. 21. MS. i. e. " the servant who led his baggage borne by a horse." This term, in O. E., denoted a youth, especi- ally one of high birth, before ho was advanced to the honour of knighthood. Ch>/kl Wawoyn, Lotys sone, thulke tyme was Bot of tuelf yer, & the Pope of Rome bytake was To Norys thoru the kyng Arture, & thulke tynie rygt. The pope hym tok armcs, & ys owe hondc made hym knygt. /i. iMouc. p. 182. This Lot is the same with the Lothus of our his- torians, king of the Picts. Afterwards Wawevn is called Si/re, i. c. Sir Waweyn, as in p. 209. Theerl of oxenford he nom, and another erl al so, And Syre Waweyn, ys syster sone, tho al thys was ydo. This must certainly be traced to A.S. cild ; as L. infans, Fr. enfant, Hisp. infant, have all been, by a similar application, transferred to the heir ap. parent of a sovereign, i. e. one who had the pros- pect of advancement. I am inclined to think, that child was occasionally used as synon. with squire. It seems unquestionable, that one who aspired to the honour of knighthood, before he had actually at- tained it, was called valet, although a person of ratik and family. V. Du Gauge, vo. Valeti. Childer, /)/. Children, S. Lancash. King Herodis part thai playit into Scotland, Ofl'yong childcr that thai befor thaim fand. IVallace, i. 166. MS. Ay maun tho childcr, wi' a fastin mou,' Grumble ;ind greet, and make an unco mane. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 57. This pi. also occurs in O. E. Cassibalayn there uncle then was kyng, And founde his nephewes full honestly and wel. And nourtred them while they were chijlder yong. Hardijng's Chron. F. 36. a. AS. cildni, pucri. CHILD-ILL, s. Labour, pains of child-bearing, " It is the layndar, Schyr," said ane. That hyr child ill rycht now hes tane. Barbour, xvi. 274, MS. CHYMES, s. A chief dwelling. V. Chemys. CHYMOUR, Chymer, s. A light gown, E, cymar. Thair belts, thair broches, and thair rings, Mak biggings bair at hame ; Thair hudes, thair chi/mours, thair garnysings ; For to agment thair fame. Mailland Poems, p. 188. His gonn was of a claith as quhyte as milk. His chj/mers wcr of chamtlet purpure broun. Jlennjsone, Evergreen, i. 1,86. Fr. chamarre ; a loose and light gown (and lej? G g C II I properly, a cloak) Ihil may be •worn skarfwisc; BUo,astudilcd narmoiit," Cotgr. Ital. eiamarf, Uclg. yamare. Su.tJ. suniitiin \ ita vocalur toga loiigior, inprimis saceriloltiiii, liaud dubio ab Hisji. sainana, »OMli» |M>llita ; Iliri'. llmay bosuppoH-d, howoT.r, (liat this term had |f« orij;ii'i from that superior kind of cloth, made in Aiicyra, a town of Calalia, of the line- wool that )tr.iw5 on thoRoalN which fe«-d near Mount Olympus. t)f thi^ ihc (loth is made, which the Latins culled (,/iiialili>, from C.i. u„ua, lluctus, nnda, because it is nari-d. This is so liii;hly esteemed by the Turks, tli;it it In often worn by their Kmperors. The Spa- iiiards inii;ht become acquainted » ilh it, from their intercourse with the Moors or Arabs. See a parti- cular account of this cloth, and of the wool of w hich ii i-. made, as well as of the mode of manufacture, iiusbequii Leiiat. Turcic. Lp. I. p. 80, 81. 87, 88. lA. L. Hat. lays. CHIMNEY, CiiiMLEY, /. A grate. This is the sense in which the word is vulgarly used in S. It is always pronounced cA/zm/c^. The word denolini; a chiuiney, is pronounced chimin/. Lancash. Amoni; '• inoveabill heirscliip," we IJrid mention. ed, '' ane bag to put money in, ane eulcruik, ane chimm-y, ane »aler.])ot." liurrow Lawes, c. 125. § 1. And sin ye've fa'en the turn iu hand, See that ye do it rif;ht, And ilka chhiili/ »>' the house, That they be dearly dight. Jamicson''i Popular Ball. ii. 378. Chimla.lug. the (ire-side, S. While frosty w inds blaw in the drift, Hen to the chiinla lug, I ijnid^e .1 wee the great folks' gift, That live sae bien an' snug. Hums, iii. 155. Hence chimlcij-hrncr. the mantle-piece, S. CHINCILE, s. Gravel ; as the word is pro- nounced in some places, elsewhere channel, q. v. '• Chiii^'c, I presume, is llie old Scotch word, s)iiuii)iuuus to iheuiodLiii term cltannct. — The name is happily descriptive of the nature of the soil which n in general, a light thin •■arlh, on a deep bed of .-aiidy g»-n;-t7." P. Chaiinelkiik, Berw. Statist. Ace. xiii. J8l. Chincilt, ailj. Gravelly, S. " In some parts it consists of a mixture of clay and toam. in some of a heavy or light kind of clay alto- f;elher, in many parts of a miMiire of clay and a light kind of mosS, and in several parts it is gravel, liith or sandy, or cliiiigihj." P. Halkirk, Caithn. Statist. .\rc. \ix. >, 5. '' — The surface is not above a foot or 18 inches from the c/i(M^/c." P. I5piii((, when it cracks the shell. A. Bor. id. 2. To break forth from a shell or ealix, S. I'fac rots kno|>pL<, tetaud furtli tharc hede, CHI Can chiPi an* kyth thare Tcrnal lippis red, Doug.Viisil,A0\.\9. Bushes budded, and trees did chip. And lambs by sun's approach did skip. (JolviVs Mock Poems, P. ii. 3. Grain is also said to chip, when it begins to germi- nate, S. 3. It is metaph. applied to the preparation neces- sary to the flight of a person. May Margaret turned her round about, (I wot a loud laugh laughed she) " The egg is chipped, the bird is flown, Yc'U see na mair of young Logic." Minstrchi) Borikr, i. 248. 4. The term, as originally referring to birds, is transferred to a woman who is in the early state of pregnancy, S. 5. It is applied to ale, when it begins to ferment in the working vat, S. O. Belg. kipp-cn, to hatch, to disclose. Zo di'a (lis dc kui/kens gekipt tiaarcn ; as soon as the chickens were hatched. The radical idea seems to be that of breaking by means of a slight stroke, such as a ciiicken gives the shell in bursting from it; Teut. kipp-en cudere, icere; kip, ictus. CHYRE, s. Cheer, entertainment. Go clois the burde; and tak awa the chi/re. And lok in all into yon almorie. Dun/tar, MnillumI Poems, p. 73. To CHIRK, JiRK, JiRG, Chork, v. n. To make a grating noise ; S. The doors will chirk, the bands will cheep, The tyke will waken frae his sleep. JamiesorCs Popular Ball. ii. 338. To chirk zcith the teeth, also actively, to chirk the iccth, to rub them against each other, S. Chork is used to denote " the noise made by the feet when the shoes are full of water." Aft have 1 wid thro' glens with chorking feet, AVhen neither plaid nor kelt cou'd fend the weet. ii«m.v«j/'.v Poems, ii. 393. It is CTidently the same word, marked by the pro- Tincial pronounciation of Loth. A. S. cearc-ian, crcjiitarc ; striderc, " to crash or gnash, to creak, to make a noise, to charkc, or (as in Chaucer's language) to chirke. Cearciend telh, denies stridentes, chattering teeth. Cearcetung, a gnashing, grinding or crashing noise ; as of tlic teeth :" Somner. " Chirking, (old word) a chat- tering noise;" Phillips. The term is used by Chaucer in a general sense for " a disagreeable sound." All full o{ chirking was that sory place. Kiiighies Tale, ver. 2006. Tcut. circk-cn is und^oubtedly allied, although in Sense it more exactly corresponds to S. clieip. Circkcn al': ecu mufsche ; litissare, pipilarc ; to ckctp as a sparrow, K. chirp, Sw. skim'r-a (lainkniri,) to gnash the teeth, is most probably a cognate term. To CHIRME, V. n. 1. As applied to birds, it de lotes the mournful sound emitted by them, especially when collected togethei', before a storm, S. C H I Sa bustouslie Rorcas liis bngill blew, The dore full lierne doun in the dalis drew ; Small birdis llokand throw thik ronnys thrang, la chirmi/iige, and witli cheping changit tharo sang, Sckand hidlis and hirnys thame to h\de Fra fcTofuU thuddis of tlic lempestuus tydjk-cii, to hatch, whence E. chick, chicken; or from chuck, chuck, the imitative cry used in S. iu calling dunghill fowls together. Chuckie-stane, s. a small pebble, S. ; a quartz crystal rounded by attrition on the beach. This may be from Teut. teijl-cn, a small flint, par- vus silex, Kilian. But rather, I suspect, from the circumstance of such stones being swallowed by domestic fowls. A game, used by girls, in tossing up, and catching pebbles as thev fall, is called the Chttckie-stanes. CHUF,J. "Clown," Pink. Quhen that the chuf wad mc chyde, with gyrnand chaftis, I wald him chuk, cheik and chyn, and chereis him so meikil, That his chcif chyramis he had I wist io my sone. Maillund Poem/:, p. 55. In Note, p. 392. this is rendered churl. Mr Pinkerton also mentions that in an old song in Pepys' Coll. Ball, it is said, Soon came I to a Cornishc chuffe. lie adds, that in Prompt. Parv. clwffe or cliuffe is rciuli'red, rusticus. This is certainly the same with Cufe, q. v. CHUKIS, ^. pi. A disease mentioned in Roull.'s Cursing, MS. — The chukis, that haldis the chaftis fra chew- ing, Golkgaliter at the hairt growing. Gl. Compt. p. 331. This undoubtedly means aswellingof the jaws. The term set nts elliptical ; probably allied to A. S. ceace- na iicijle, faucium tumor, ceac, ccnc, signifying the cheek or jaw. V. Chokkeis. This disease is^all- cd the buffets, Ang. Er. bouffe, a swollen cheek. CHUM, s. Food, provision for the belly, CIvdes. Scnff, svnon. CIETEiOUR,^. A citizen. C I T C L A •' The a'eteiouris of Teruana in Flanderis (to quhom (hir ambassatouris first come) rycht desyrus to recouer thair lyberte, rcfusit nocht thir offeris." BcllenJ. Cron. F. 30. b. CYGONIE, X. The stork. The Cijgoiu'e that fonl so whyfe, Quhilk at the serpents hcs dcspytc, Come graiien to the ground ; And Mamuks that byds eucr mair, And feids into the crista! air, Deid on the fields wer found. Burel's Pilg. IVaf son's Coll. ii. 27. Fr. cicotgne, dgogne, Lat. ciconia, id. CYNDIRE, s. A term denoting ten swine. " This is the forme and maner of the pannage : for ilk cjjndire, that is, for ilk ten swine, the King sail haue the best swine : and the Forester ane hog." Forrest Lawe, c. 7. Lat. copy, cindra. Du Cange gives no explanation of cindra, but merely quotes the passage. I do not find that this word in any language signifies a decad. The only conjecture I can form is, that it is Gael, ciontirc, tribute, which being first applied in the sense of />««- nage, as denoting the tax paid for (he liberty of feed- ing swine in a forest, was afterwards im|)roporl\ used to denote ten swine, as this was the number for which the duty specified by the law was to be paid. CYSTEWS, s.pL Cistertian monks; Fr. Cis- taws. Scho fowndyt in-to Gallaway Of Cystcizs ordyre ane abbay ; Didce-cor scho gert thaim all. That is Sweet-Hart, that Abbay call. JVi/nloii/i, viii. 8. 45. CITHARIST, s. The harp. All thus our hadye thai lofe, with lyking and. list, Menstralis, aaid musicians, mo than 1 mene may : The I'saltry, the Citholis, the soft Citiiarist, The Croude, and the monycotdis, the gythornis gay; The rote, and the recordour, the ribns, the ris(. The trump, and the taburn, thetympane but tray ; The lilt pype, and the lute, the cithill infi^t. The diilsate, and the dulsacordis, the schalin of aisaij ; The amyable organLs usit full oft ; Clarions loud knellis, Portutives, and bellis, Cymbacllonis in the cellis That soundis so soft. lloulute, i»i. 10. I hare given the whole passage from the Bannatync MS., marking in Italics the variations- from the print- ed copy, which is here very incorrect. List is printed lift, citharist atharijt, croude, cronde ; rist, rift; in fist, andjist ; assaj , ciffay ; portatives, jaor- tatibii ; soft, oft. Citharist is immediately, although improperly, formed from Lat. cithuri.-ta, a harper; from cilhara, Gr. xiSa^x. The word as here used, however, may have denoted the guitar in common with the harp; as A. S. ci/teve, cithara is, both by Somn. and Lye, rendered a guitar. Germ, ci/hcr, Belg. cijtcr, Sw.. iitra, also all signify a guitar. The similarity of the ■Hords, used to denote these instruments, shews that they were viewed as nearly allied. And indeed, what is a guitar, but a harp of a peculiar structure ? The Fr. M'ord c^ihariter would suggest the idea of what we now call an Aeolian harp. For it is ren- dered, " to sing or whizz as the wind;" Co'gr. It may be added, that the Gr. name of the har/ has been supposed to originate from the resemblance of this instrument, in its full structure, to the hu- man breast, and from the emission of sound in a si- milar manner. Juxta opinionem autem Graecorum citharae usus repertus fuisse ab Apolline creditur. Forma citharae initio similis fuisse traditnr prcfori liuniano, quod vehiti vox dc pectore, ita ex ipsa cantus ederetur, appcllataque eadem de causa. Isi- dor. (Vig. Lib. 2 a. '21. CITHOLIS, s. A musical iTistrument. — The Psaltery, the Ciilioli^-, the soft Citharist. lloitlft/e, iii. 10. V. Citharist. In Chaucer's description of the statue of Venus, it is said ; A citole in hire right hand hadde she. Kiiis^hfcs Talc, vcr. 19G1. -- The musyke I might kiiowe For olde men, which sowned lowe AS'ith harpe, and lute, aiidwilh tytule. Goicer, Coiif. Am. F. 189, a. Sir John Hawkins, in his History of Music, " supposes it to have been a sort of Dulcimer, and that the name is a corruption of Lat. cistcUu ;" T) rwhitt. But cistetla signifies a toiler. L. B. ci~ tola'ta used in the same sense with ciiliolis, Fr. citoU-, » term which occurs A. l^M. V. Du Cange. Some have supposed that citole is corr. from Lat. cithara, Diet. Trev. CLAAICK, Clavvick, s. The autumnal feast, or harvest-home, Aberd. ; synon. Maiden^, ^uern, Rapegyrn:', q. v. This entertainment, when the harvest is early finished, is called the Maiden Claaick ; when late, the Carlin Claaick. V. Maiden and Carlin. Bolg. klitchtc, signifies pastime, a play or interlude. But I can scarcely suppose any aflliiity. CLACHAN, Clauchanne, Claciien, j-. A small village in which there is a parish-church, S. A village of this description is thus de- nominated in places bordering on the Higli- lands, or where the Gael, has formerly been spoken. Elsewhere, it is called the kirk-town. — "Of lait there is croppen in amangis sura Noble- men, Prelatos, Barronnes, and Gentil-men, in cer- taine pairts of this realnie, being of gude livingcs, great abuse contrair the honour of the realme, & different from the honest frugalitie of their Fore- beares, passing to Burrows, Townes, Clauchainu's & Aile-houses with their houshaldes, and suui abiding in thair awin places, usis to buird themselves an. Statist. Ace. x. 129. '• (ilenorchay — was formerly called Clachan Dy fart, a Celtic word, .signifyinj;, " The Temple of the }|i;;hesl." The place, where the parish rhurch .ilaod.s, was probably the site of the Clarhan, or •' Circle of Stones," of the Druids. Dijsart pro- perly means The Highest God. The founders of a rhurch, de«ic;ncd for a more enlightened worship, in order to induce the pagan inhabitants to attend the institutions of revealed religion, were naturally led to make choice of a situation, the more revered by iheni, as being the place where lliey had formerly been accustomed to perform their rites of devotion." P. C;ienorchay, .\rgylcs. Statist. Ace. viii. 335, 33G. '' We shall leave the Druids, by only remarking, that the same expression, which the people tlien used for tluir place of worship, is still used to this day ; as the Highlanders more frei|ucntly say, U'ill j/c go til the stoiici / or, Have t/oii been at the stones '? than, Will t/ou go to, or have you been (it church ? .Mankind, in this instance, as Ihey do in many others, n-laiu the ancient name, while the thing signilied by that name is entirely forgot ten, by the gradual inlluence of new habits, ne« manners, and new modes of liv- ing." 1'. Callander, Perlhs. Statist. ,\cc. xi. 381, N. riiiis the origin mu.-t be Gael, clach, a stone. It is evident, indeed, that the name is, in some places, still given to what is otherwise called a l>ruidical Irmple. " Within a few yards of the one [ilie Druidieal monument"! at Uorve, there are clear vestiges of a circular building, which has either been a temple adjoining this cliuhan, or the residence of the ofii- ciating Druids." 1'. Harris (Island) Statist. Ace. X. 374. C;ael. clachan, " a village, hamlet, burying- place." Shaw. CL.\CK, s. The clapper of a mill, S. ; thus denominated from the noise it makes ; Teut. Had, sonora peroissio. CLAES, /./. Clothes. V. Ci.aith. CLACj, Clagg, /. 1 . An incumbrance, a burden lying on property ; a forensic term, ,S. '• And to the which judge arbitrator both the saids parlies have submitted, and by thir presents submite all claggi, claims, debates and contraversies standing betwixt them, and speci.illv that debate and conlrarcrsie," kc. Dallas of St '.Martins' Styles. p. 81J. ^ "' Dear bairns o' mine, I quickly man submit to fate. And have you three a good estate, Whii h has been honourably won. An' handrd donn fr.u- siro lo son, ^ut dag or claiui, for ages pa.st. Rainaaif''s Pocms^ ii. .514. C L A Cla^ and claim, although generally combined^ seem to convey ditl'erent ideas. The former may denote a claim legally sustained, or which cannot be disputed ; the latter, one that may be, or has been, made, although the issue be uncertaiu. 2. Charge, impeachment of character; faiilt» or imputation of one, S. Jle was a man without a clag. His heart was frank without a flaw. Ritson's S. Songs, i. 271. " He has nac clag till his tail," is a vulgar phrasp, signifying that there is no stain in one's character, or that no one can justly exhibit a charge against him. Teut. klaghe, querela ; accusatio. Germ, klage ; cine gcrichtlickc klage., a suit at law ; Dan. klage., a complaint, a grievance, klage i rctten kicrmaul, an action or suit at law, an accusation : Teut. klagh- cit, queri, accusare, Germ, klag-cn, Dan. klag- fr, id. Sa.G. Isl. A/a^'-ff, queri, conqueri, sive id sit privatini sive ante judicera ; Ihre. This ingenious glossarist thinks that it properly denotes the lamen- tation made by infants, who by Ulph. are designed klahai, Luke x. 21, observing that g and h are let- ters of great affinity. Some derive the GJoth. word from Gr. xXttyui, clamare. It appears that it was not unknown in A. S. For Hickcs mentions clagles, as denoting one, qui sine querimonia est; Gram. A. S. p. 130. To CLAG, 1'. a. To clog by adhesion, S. Claggit, clogged. As still used, S. it especially denotes any^ thing that not only loads, but defiles. Tlie man kest oil" his febill weld of gray. And Wallace his, and payit siluer in hand. Pass on, he said, thou art a proud merchand. Tlie gown and hoiss in clay that claggit was,, The hud hekl) t, and maid him for to pass. JVtillace, vi. 452. MS. In Perth edit, it is by mistake claggat. .Tohns. after Skinner derives E. c/o"-, from log. But it is evidently far more nearly allied to Dan. klaeg, viscous, glutinous, sticky ; which from the sense af- fixed to the adj. claggi/, certainly marks the origin of the S. V. Claggy, adj. Unctuous, adhesive, bespotted with mire, S. V. the v. Claggock, s. " A dirty wench," Sibb. l)ot i haue maist into dospyte Pure Claggokii cled roiploch quhyte, (Juhilk lies scant twa markes for their feis, Mill haue twa ellis beneth fhair kneis. Lyndmy's fj'urkis, 1392. (Sj/de Tailiis), p. 308. From the same origin with the two preceding words. CLAHYNNHE', Clachin, ,r, " Clan or tribe of people living in the same district under the command of a chief.'' Gl. Wynt. Tha tlire score ware clannys twa, Cluhynnhe Qwhewyl, and Clachin Yha. IVyntoicn, xi. 17. 9. As Gael. Ir. clan denotes a clan. Mr Macph. has in- geniously observed that A. S. cteii'i. Germ, klcin, Belg. klrin, klain, .MoesCJ. hlahaini (dat. plur.) all signify young, small, or children, and in thv application to C L A the highland tribes infer the whole clan to be dc. scendents of one common ancestor. He niii^ht have added, that Gael, clafii expressly signifies children ; Su.G. Isl. Lien, infantulns. CLAYIS, J././. Clothes, S. V. Claith. To CLAIK, -J. n. l. To make a clucking noise, as a hen does, especially when provoked, S, 2. To cry incessantly, and impatiently, for any thing. In this sense it is often used with re- spect to the clamorous requests made by chil- dren, S. 3. To talk a great deal in a trivial way, S. ; to clack, E. 4. To tattle, to report silly stories, such espe- cicially as tend to injure the characters of others, S. It is difficult to determine, which of these should be viewed as the primitive sense. The word, as first used, is allied to Isl. klak-a, clanijo, avium vox pro- pria j G. Andr. p. 146. I also find Isl. klack-a men- tioned, as signifying to prattle. As used in the List sense, it is illustrated by Su.G. klaek, reproach j klaecka, subituset levissusurrus ; Hire. Relg. klikk. €71 is to tell again, to inform against. Claik, t. 1. The noise made by a hen, S. Isl. ilak, vox avium. 2. An idle or false report ; S. — Ane by your cracks mav tell, Ye're mair than ancc been at sic tricks yoursel' ; And sure if that's nae sac, the country's fu' Wi' Iocs, and claiks, about young Ket and you. Morisoti's Pocma, p. 187. CLAIK, Clake, s. The bernacle ; Bernicla, Gesner ; Anas Erythropus, (mas) Linn. V. Penn. Zool. p. 577. According to Boece, this species of goose was bred in worm-eateu trees, which had been carried about by the sea. " Restis now to speik of the geis gencrit of the see namit c/aA/.s." Bcllend. Dcscr. Alb. c. 14. Lesly gives a description of this fowl, similar to that of Boece. Reg. et Ins. Scot. Descr. p. 35, 3fi. Douglas alludes to this animal, describing it ac- cording to the opinion adopted in that .ige. All water foullis war swemand thair gudc spcid : Also out of grouand treis thair saw I breid, Fowlis that hingand be thair nebbis grew. Pfilke of Honour, iii. 88. " These," says Pennant, " arc the birds that about two hundred years ago were believed to be generated out of wood, or rather a species of shell that is often found sticking to the bottom of ships, «r fragments of them; and were called Tree-geese. The shell here meant is thclepas aiiatifera, Lin. syst. 668. Argenville Conch, tab. 7. The animal that inhabits it is furnished with a feathered beard ; w hich, in a credulous age, was believed to be part of fhi? young bird." Zool. p. 578. The designation, aiia- tifera, alludes to tliis fancy; literally signifying the goose. bedriiif; lei)as. Kveii the K. name benwele has been viewed as re- ferring to the supposed origin from wood. For, ac- cording to Junius, it is probably formed from burn C L A a son, and ac an oak. Whatever may be In this, the clergy in the darker ages availed themselves of the supposed vegetable origin of these birds. For Bromton, in his Chronicle, when describing Ire. land, says ; " Here there are also birds, tailed ber- iiacles, which as it were against nature are produced from fir trees. On these the religious feed during their fasts; because they are not procreated from coition, nor from flesh. Col. 107^2, ap. Jun. This word does not seem to be of Celtic origin. If Lhuyd's conjecture be right with respect to Ir. gidhran. the word claik is most probably unknown in that language. An q. d. gedhchraiii, anser arbori- gena ? It seems to have been supposed, in former ages, that this species of goose received its name from its claik, or the noise it made. Hence, the oflice of Censor General of the church is allotted to it by Holland. Corrector of Kirkine was cicpit the Clake. Iloulate i. 17. AVhen the Cleck Geese leave off to clatter. And parasites to llieteh and (latter, And priests, Marias to (litter patter. And thieves from Ihift refrain ; — • Then she that sum right thankfullie Should pay them hauie again. Watson's Coll. i. 48, 19. CLAIR, atlj. ]. Distinct, exact, S. B. In Flaviana! quo she, dwell ye there ? That of their dwelling ye're so very cluir ? Ross's Uelenore, p. 67. Ft. clair, evident, manifest, from Lia.t. clar-us ; Belg. klaar, Su.G. Germ, klar, id. 2. Ready, prepared, S. B. c/ar is used in the same sense, Orkney ; Dinner is elar, i. e. ready. Dan. ilar, id. Vanity sayes I will gae look. If I can get a chamber clair ; 1 am acquainted wiih the cook, I trow we shall get honest lair. Pennccuik's Poems, 1715. p. 87. V. Cr.iRr. To CLAIR, V. a. To beat, to maltreat. Yell, knave, acknowledge thy oftcnce, Or I grow crabbed, and so clair thee; Ask mercy, make obedience, In time, for fear lest I forfair thee. Pohi-art, Watson'' s Coll. iii. 3. Clearings is used raetaph. both for scolding, and for beating, Clydes. q. clearing accounts. CLATSE, clothes. V. Claith. CLAITH, Clayth, s. Cloth, S. Westmorel. •■■ Ane tailyeour can noclit mak ane garment, bot of clai/th. A masonc can nocht byg ane wall, bot of lyme and stanc. — Bot almvchty God iua.id heuin and erd and all crcatouris thalrin. of nathintj, quhilk he did be his almychty powar." Abp. llamiltoun'S. Catechisme, 155'2. Fol. 89. a. Clayis, claite, claes, pi.. Claiths, claise, West-- morel. Camb. Hir subt) 11 wylis gart me spend all my gud, Qnhill that ray cluiiis grew threid bair on my b.ik. Ckion. b.P. iii. '237. We ueverthought it wrang Ut ca' a prey ; C L A Our auld forbecrs prartis'd it all their days. And nt-'cr llic warsc f«r that did set thair delist'. Kovi'.v Hdiiiuic, p. I'ii. The t»a apprar'd like sislirs twin, In fiMtiiro, form an' clues. Hums, Vii. 29. A. S. clafh cloih ; titithn, M. Sii.G. llaedc, tloihi'S. To CLAl VER, V. n. To talk, idly or foolishly. V. Claver. CLAM, fny. I. Clamtny, S. Belg. klam, id. 2. .Smooth ; " clam ice," ice that has no inequa- lities on the surface, S. B. CLAM, Clamk, Clam-shell, X. A scallop shell, S. Ostrcaopcrcularis, Linn. O. Subrufus of Pennant. " Many herman's ring, it was probably in allusion to the former occupation of the apostles, that such as went in pilgrimage to the shrine of St Peter at Home, or to that of St James at Compostella, were dislingni.shed by escallop-shells." Brydsou's View of Heraldry, p. 82. These were called .Sf Jamcs's\_nT Jamit'tlshclls ■ Sunrt Jamcis sclirlls on the tothir syd shcis. As pretty as ony parlanc Toe, On Symmye and his Brnder Syne rlengil thay Sanct Jameis schclls And pecis of palm Ireis ; To see quha best the pardoiin spells ; 1 schrew thanie that ay sciss Bot lanrhter. . Lhron.S.V. i. 360, 361. Shcis, shews, i.e. appear; svhs, sees. Clcn"it seems q. r/an/rrV, rung. Thus, it may be supposed, that the pilgrims occasionally struck their shells one against another. These are d.seribed as if they had been itioeraat renders of indulgences. C L A It would seem, that they were wont to paint their scallops and stall's red, that they might be more con. spicuous. To tins custom Kennedy alludes, when he says that Dunbar had his keild. But they did not confine themselves to this colour; as appears from the account that Warton gives of Iheni. Speaking of these dramas, w hich in our old writ, ings are called CUrk-Playis, he observes that, ac- cording to Boilcan, tliey had their origin in France from the ancient pilgrimages. " The pilgrims," he says, " who returned from Jerusalem, — and other places esteemed holy, composed songs on their ad- ventures; intermixing recitals of passages in the life of t'lirist, descriptions of his crucifixion, of the day of judgment, of miracles and martyrdoms. To these tales, which were recommended by a pathetic chant, and a variety of gesticulations, the. credulity of the multitude gave the name of Visions. These pious itinerants travelled in companies ; and taking their stations in the most public streets, and singing with their start's in their hands, and their hats and mantles fantastically adorned with shells and emblems ^a/w/crf in various colours, formed a sort of theatrical spec> tacle." Hist. Poet. II. 373. One might suppose that tliis shell had been deno. minated from the peculiar smoothness of the internal surface, (V. Clam) ; as in Germ, it is called kam or kammaustur, from its resemblance to a comb, Lat. pccten. I suspect, however, that it has received this name from the peculiar use to which it was appro- priated by pilgrims, especially for adorning their mantles. For O. Fr. esclamme is " a long and thicke riding cloake to bear ofl'thc raine; a, Pilgrim's cloake or mantle,''' Cotgr. CLAMS, s. pi. 1. A sort of strong pincers used by ship-%vrights, for drawing large nails, S. B. 2. A kind of vice, generally made of wood; used by artificers, of different classes, for holding any thing fast, S. 3. The term seems used metaph. to denote the instrument, resembling a forceps, employed in weighing gold. The brightest gold that e'er I saw Was grippet in the clams. Sh/rrefs'' Poems, p. 360. Belg. klemm-en, stringere, arcfare ; to pinch ; in den klcm :j/n, to be at a pinch ; de klem qui/t rauken, to let go one's hold ; Sewel. CLAMEHEWIT, Claw-my-hewit, s. i. A stroke, a drubbing, S. — Frac a stark Lochaber-aix lie gat a c/amehev:it Fu' sair that night. Fergusson's Poems, ii. og. " Thinks I, an' I sou'd be sae gnib as middle wi' the thing that did nac brak my taes, some o' the rhiels might lat a raught at me, an' gi' me a elami- heuit to snib mc free comin that gateagcn." Journal from London, p. 8. 2. A misfortune, Ang. Qu. cluio mi/ hcved or head, scratch my head ; an ironical expression. To CLAMP UP, Clamper, v. a. To patch, to make or mend in a clumsy manner, S. C L A — Syne clampil up Sanct Peter's kciss, Bot of anc auld rcid gartane. Siprtmye and his Briickr, Chron. S. P. i. 360. Germ, hlcmpern, niotallum nialleo tuiidcre ; ilcm- pencr, one who patches up toys for children ; Isl. klampuslegr, rudis et inartificiosus, G. Andr, Sw. klamp, any shapeless piece of wood, klampig, clum- sy ; Isl. klimpa massa, Vcrel. To CLAMP, Clamper, v. n. To make a noise with the shoes in walking, especially when they are studded with nails, S. Isl. /clamper, a clot of ice. This, howerer, may perhaps be viewed as radically the same with the pre. ceding. Both may originally refer to the noise made in beating metals. Clamp, s. A heavy footstep or tread ? Speak, was I made to dree the ladin O' Gaelic chairman heavy trcadin, Wha in my tender buke bore holes Wi' waefu' tackets i' the soals O' broge;s, whilk on my body tramp. And wound like death at ilka clamp. ^ Fergu/ison''s Poemi, ii. 68, 09. CLANK, s. A sharp blow that causes a noise, S. Some ramm'd their noddles wi' a clank, E'en like a thick. sciilTd lord, On posts that day. Ramsaij's Poems, i. 280. Probably from Teut. klauck, clangor, because of the noise it occasions. V. Clink, To Clank, v. a. To give a sharp stroke, S. He clanked Piercy ower the head A deep wound and a sair. Minstrelsy Border, iii. 20. also, p. 21. CLANK, s, A catcli, a hasty hold ■taken of any object, S. Claught^ synon. Just as he landed at the other bank, Three lusty fellows gat of him a clank : And round about hiro bicker'd a' at ancs. Rom's Helenore, p. 47. V. Clink up, f. To CLAP THE HEAD, to commend, rather as implying the idea of flattery, S. May rowth of pleasures light upon yon lang, Till to the blest F.lysian bow'rs ye gang, Wha've clapf my head sac brawly for my sang. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 321. CLAP, s. A stroke ; DeJis c/ap, the stroke of death. — lie the sucrd oschapit by his hap ; Bot not at this time so the dedis clap. Doug. Virgil, 326. 53. Bclg. klap, a slap, a box on the ear. CLAP, s. A moment; /« a dap, instantan- eously. It often conveys the idea of unex- pectedness. " If quickly you reinforce them not with men and honest ministers, in a clap you hare the King and all the north of England on your back." Baillie's Lett. ii. TOO. Sit still and rest you here ancth this tree, C L A And in a clap I'll back with something be. Ross's Helenure, p. 60. The idea is, a clap of the hand ; for handclap is. used, S. B. CLAP of the hass, the vulgar designation for the; uvula, S. ; synon. pap of the hass. CLAP, s. A flat instrument of iron, resembling a box, with a tongue and handle, used for ma- king proclamations through a town, instead of a drum or hand-bell, S. The origin seems to be incidentally pointed out in Ilcnrysonc'sComplaintof Crcseidc ; thereitisc/f/ppzV. Thus shalt thou go bcggand fra hous to hous, With cuppe and clappir, like anc Lazarous. — Go ierne to elappe thy clappir to and fro, And Ierne aftir the law of lepers lede. Chron. S. P. i. 168. 171. This passage, like other parts of the poem, con- tains a curious trait of ancient manners. As, by the ■Mosaic law, lepers were obliged to give warning of their approach, by proclaiming their uncleanness ; if appears (hat formerly in Scotland, when, it is well known, the leprosy was more common than in our day, the patient was under the necessity of going about with a clapper, to warn others to keep at a distance. The same custom must have prevailed in the Low Countries ; hence the Belg. phrase, Een Lazarus klap, a lepers clapper ; and by allusion to this custom. Met de klap loopen, to go begging, Ii. terally, to run with the clapper. The immediate origin may be Tent. klepp-C7i pul- sare, sonare ; Belg. to toll as a bell, whence klcp, a clapper. The following words are nearly allied : Gt'rm. klopf. en, to beat ; Sa.G. klacpt-a, to strike a bell with a hammer ; klaepp, V.. the clapper of a bell. But it is not improbable, that our term might originally be derived from A. S. clep-an, cleop.an, to call. We may, indeed, suppose that the term c/ep, as used in the phrase, c/ep and call, referred to the use of this instrument in making proclamations : or, vice versa, that this received its name from its being used by pablic criers. V. Clef, v. 1. and s. Clapman, s. a public crier, S. Belg. klapperman, a watchman with a clapper, walking in the night the rounds, Sewel. V. Clap. CLAPPERS, s. pi. Holes intentionally made for rabbits to burrow iu, either in an open warren, or within an inclosure. The term oc- curs in E., although overlooked by Johnson. Clapers is used by Chaucer in the same sense. Connis there were also playing, That comen out of her clapers, Of sundry colours and maners. And maden many a tournrying Upon the fresh grass springing. Romaunt Rose, Fol. 115, a. They seem to have been sometimes formed merely of heaps of stones thrown loosely together. This was probably the common mode iu an open warren. When a piece of ground was walled in for a warren, the clappers appear to have been interstices left in the inside of the wall, or small nests of boards. Hence they are described in different ways. II h c: L A Clapert, Maccria sen murus lapidous intra qiicm mul(ac8p.lunrae, sou nidi ci.niculorum sunt ; Skin- iicr, Ktym. Voc. Aiilui. Fr r/nmV,, '• a rluppcr of ronios ; a licapc of stones &c. «hcn-in.o ll.o> retire themselves ; or (as our r/i/7KT), a court wulle.l about and full of neasts of boo'rd,, or^tone, for uu.e conies; also, a rab- hit* insist ;" I'otijr. . .,,,„„ L. U. claiKT-ia, clapcr-ium, claper.tus, hara cu- uirularia, ubi nutriuntur cuniculi ct multiplicantur ; Uu Cance. . . Kkinner seems to think that it may be from Lat. hriaria pro lapidaria. Some have derived it from Gr kMx^-u.. furari, because the rabbits are as it were carried away by theft, «hcn they retire to their clappers; Menage from Icpus, a hare; Uu Can»e, from clapa, an instrument or machine in «hirli rabbits are catched. Does lie refer to leut. klcppe, decipula. laqueus capiendis bcstiis compara- la' (Kilian.) But the origin is certainly leut. Uepni; rupes, petra ; dappers being formed of >toncs. Su.G. ilapper, lapides minuti et rotundi. On this word Ihre refers to Kr. clupicr, accrvus la- pidum, as allied. CLARCHE PIPE. Viols and Virginals were heir, — The Seistar and the Sumphion, With Clarche Pipe and Clarion. fVats07i's Coll. ii. 6. CLARE, adv. Wholly, entirely, S. For gif thou wenys that al the victorye Of the battall, and chancis by and by May be reducit, and alierit chne aganc ; Anc mysbcleue thou fosteris al in vane. Doug. Virgil, 341. 4. v.. clear is used in the same sense. CL.\REMETHEN, Clarmathan. A term used in the S. law. According to the law of clartmethcn, any person who claims stolen cat- tle or goods, is required to appear at certain places particularly appointed for this purpose, and prove his right to the same. Thi* Skene rails " the Lawc of Claremethcn con. rcrning the warrandice of stoUen cattell or gudcs." De Verb. Sign. Skinner inclines to view it as of Tr. origin. But it is evidently from rlarc clear, and meith, a mark ; q. di'lintt mnrif. by which the claimant must prove that the cattle or goods arc his proper!)'. Me/heu seems to be pi. A. S. nouns in a have the pi. in an. Thus iiiijiha, mcta, must have inylhun for its pi. V. MriTii. (XARGIE, Clergy, s. Erudition; more strictly that which fitted one for being a cler- gyman. To grit clargic I can not count nor clamc ; iS'or yit I am not travellit, as ar ye. Prics('< I'cblis, Pint. S. P. Rcpr. i. 4. The word orcurs in this sense, O. E. I asked liir the high way where that clergie dwelt. P. Plonglimun. In the same sense it is still said ; " an ounce of mother. wit is worth a pund of clergy," S. Prov. Fr. clcrgic, id. from Lat. clcricus. C L A To CLART, 1). a. To dirty, to foul, S. Clort, Perths. ClaRTS, s.pl. Dirt, mire, any thmg that de- files, S. Hence, Clarty, adj. Dirty, nasty, S. C/or/j, Perths. Thay man be buskit up lyk brydis ; Thair heidis heisit with sickin saillis ; With clarti/ silk about thair taillis. Maitland Poems, p. 185. On this great day the city-guard,— Gang thro' their functions, By hostile rabble seldom spar'd O' clarti/ unctions. Fergusion's Poems, ii. 15, 16. '^ Clart. To spread or smear. C7«r/^; smear'd, sticky. Becto/erf, besmeared or bedaubed. North." Gl. Grose. Clurf and clartt/ may perhaps be corr. from cla(( and da/tie. But I dare not assert that they have no affinity to Su.G. lort tilth. K may have been prefixed, or g, q. ge.lort. V. Clattie. To CLASH, v.n. 1. To talk, idly, S. The prep, with is often added. 1 will not stay to da^h and quibble. About s ont nignuiies, I'll not nibble. Cieland's Poems, p. 98. V. Nignayes. But laigh my qualities I bring. To stand up da-'-hing xxith a thing, A creeping thing, the like of thee. Ramsai/'s Poems, ii. 477. 2. To tittle.tattle, to tell tales, S. Germ, ilatschen, id; klatcherey, babling, idle talk. Hence, Clash,.?. 1. Tittle-tattle, chattering, prattle; idle discourse, S. " They came that length in familiar discourse with the foul thief, that they were no more afraid to keep up the dash with him, than to speak to one ano- ther ; in this they pleased him well, for he desired no better than to have sacrifices offered to him." Sinclair's Satan's Invisible World, p. 43. 2. Vulgar fame, the story of the day, S. Some rhyme a necbor's name to lash ; Some rhyme (vain thought !) for needfu' cash : Some rhyme to court the countra dash) An' raise a din. Burns, iii. 85. In this sense the plur. is often used. Ilet drink, fresh butter'd caiks, and cheese, — Wi' dashes, mingled aft wi' lies, Drave aft" the hale forenoon. Ramyay\s Poems, i. 274. To CLASH, V. a. To pelt, to throw dirt, S. Sum dashes thee, sum clods thee on the cutes. Dunbar, Evergreen, ii. 59. st. 23. Tent, klcts.en, resono ictu verbcrare; ilets, ictus resonans, Kilian. J)a.n. i:la(!,i-er, to flap, to clash; Germ, klatsch-en, id. Or perhaps Teut. klos, tloltc, gleba, massa. Clash, .f. A blow, a stroke. " A cias/j on the side of the head," S. ; a box on the ear. Germ. Hatch, id. CLASH, s. A heap of any heterogeneous sub- C L A stances. Tt is generally applied to what is foul or disorderly, S. Isl. ilasc, rudis nexura, quasi congclatio ; G. Andr. Thus, Eija ifase, is a string uf islands, iiisularuin aexus. CLASH, s. A cavity of considerable extent in the acclivity of a hill ; as. The Clash of IVir- ran, in Angus. Sometimes the phrase used is, The clash of a hill. I have also heard it cxpl. as signifying the inter- stice between a large hill, and a smaller one adjacent to it, and intervening between it and the plain. According to the latter explanation, it may have the same origin with the preceding word, as denoting the neck which conjoins the one hill with the other. CLASPS, s. pi. An inflammation of the termi- nation of the sublingual gland, which furnishes the saliva ; a disease of horses, generally occa- sioned by eating bearded forage. Northumb. and Border. — The cords, and the cout-evil, the clasps, and the cleiks. IVatson^s Coll. iii. 13. V. Cleiks. CLAT, s. Used as synon. with clod. *' What are all men on earth, but a number of wormes crawling and creeping vpon a clat or clod of clay ?" Z. Boyd's Last BattoU, p. 35. also p. 343. Tout, klotte, kliij/te, id. gleba, raassa. To CLAT, Claut, v. a. l. To rake together dirt or mire. " To clat the streets," to act the part of a scavenger, S. 2. To rake together, in a general sense, S. As this V. primarily relates to dirty work, it seems to be formed from Su.G. kladd, tilth. See the cog- nate words under Clattie. 3. To scrape, to scratch any thing together. Or the day was done, I trow. The laggen they hae clautet Fu' clean that day. Burns, iii. 98. Clat, Claut, s. 1 . An instrument for raking to- gether dirt or mire. This resembles a common hoe, S. 2. The term is also used for a hoe, as employed in the labours of husbandry, S. 3. The act of raking together, as applied to pro- perty. Of a covetous person it is said, " He taks a claut quharever he can get it." i. What is scraped together by niggardliness, S. She has gotten a coof wi' a claute o' siller. Burns, iv. 54. V. Kith. As the Swedes give the name kladd to clumsy work, they use the same term to signify a commonplace- book or Adversaria, in quae, says Ihre, annotationes lumultuarie conjicimus. To CLATCH, v.a. l. To daub with lime, S. ; harle, synon. 2. To close up with any glutinous or adhesive substance ; as " to clutch up a hole," with slime, clay, &c. ; Clem, Clay, synon. |sl. kleosc, kleste, lino, oblino, collino, glutino, G. A.ndr. p. 147. Teut. kless.en, klhs-en, adhaerere; C L A whence Sw. aud Tcut. klistcr, paste, glue. Kladde, inepte pingere, sucms allied. Clatch, s. Any thing thrown for the purpose of daubing ; as " a clatch of lime," as much as is thrown from the trowel on a wall, S. Isl. klessa, litura, any thing that bedaubs. A bur in Teut. is klesse, denominated from its power of adhesion. To CLATCH, Skl ATCH, v. a. To finish any piece of workmanship in a careless and hurried way, without regard to the rules of art. In this sense a house or wall is said to be clutched up. when the workmen do it in such haste, and so carelessly, that there is little prospect of its standing long, S. This may be radically the same with the preceding ; although it bears considerable resemblance to Isl. kleik-ia, colloco in lubrico ; also to kluka, res levis et labiliter exstructa, collocata; G. Andr. p. 147. Clatch, s. Any piece of mechanical work done in a careless way. Thus an ill-built house is said to be *' a mere clatch^'' S. CLATH, Claith, .r. Cloth, S V. Claith. To CLATT, V. a. To bedaub, to dirty, S. Clate to daub, A. Bor. Gl. Grose. Clattie, adj. Nasty, diity, defiled, by what- ever means, S. Claity, id. Cumb. Gl. Grose. " If a lord should giue to one of his seruants some cottage house of clay, with some little piece of ground for colewort or cabbage for to Hue vpon, saying, This will I giuc ihee for thy life-time ; but if afterward this Lord should say, Fetch mee my good seruant out of his clattie cottage, and bring him to ray palace, that he may eate at mine owne table for euer; tell me, if by the change that seruant hath lost?" Z. Boyd's Last Battell, p. 23. Clotty, which seems to be more ancient than c^«r- /y, has many cognates in other dialects. Besides Su.G. kladd, sordes, inquinamenta, we find kladd-a sig ned, se vcstesque suas inquinarc, kladderi, sordos : Teut. kladde, macula lutosa : Belg. kladd-cn, to daub, to foul, kladdig, dirty ; De struaten :yn heel kladdig, the streets are very dirty ; een kladdig vrouzzmensch, a nasty slut ; Mod. Sax. kladde, filth : Isl. klatr, rejectanea res, klatra, operam pcrdere, G. Andr. Gael, cladach, dirt, is probably borrowed from the Goth. To CLATTER, v. a. l. To prattle, to act as a telltale, S. Sura flyrds. Sum fenyeis : and sum flatters. Sum playis the fuil, and all owt clatters. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 102. At ony time he clatters a man to death. Ramsay's Poems, i. 355. " I thinke, since this crime [witchcraft] ought io be so seuerely punished, judges ought to beware to condemne any, but such as they are sure are guiltie, neither should the clattering report of a carling seruc in so weightie a case." K. James's Daemono- logic, p. 134. 2. To chat, to talk familiarly, S. It is frequently nsed in this sense in addition to that which is Hh 2 C l. to talk, fast ioinni<.n to E., to be loquacious, and idly." , „ . Johns, refers to A. S. clalrunge * rattle. But wc karr a n.ori- diiict cri^iii in Teut. klettcrn, fragorem .(lore, retoiiart', concrepari-. Clatter, i. l. An idle or vague rumour, b. ; often used in the pi., tittle-tattles. Ill- iiiiiir sold, wiiliiii the wraii«lin|; barrc, Dicvitful duUcr>, causing clioiifs jarre. [lutUort's JiiJilh, p. 53. «' Tlu> speak here of— General King's landing with 6 or 7(XX) Danes in the mouth of Thames, near London : «e wish it were so ; but we take if, and many things more you will hear, for clatters.— Baillie's Lett. i. 215, 216. J. Idle talk, frivolou* loquacity, S. Sou'd Knvy then my name bespatter, Or Critics rive me to a fatter ; — The Muse I'd hug for a' their clatter. Rev. J. Nicol's Poems, i. 119* 3. Free and familiar conversation. They'll nae be angry they are loft alane, Atwecsh themselves they best can ease their pain; Lovers have ay some clatter o' their ain. Shirrcf\' Poems, p. 33. Ci.ATTERAR, Clatterer, .f. A tale-bcarcr, S. I'anilaris, pykthaiikis, ciistronis and clatteraris, Loupii VI) from laddis, sine lichts amang Lardis. Lynd^au's iVarkis, 1592. p. 198. Cl.ATTERN, s. A tattler, a babbler. Loth. That cldtlcni Madge, my titty, tells sic Haws, Whene'er our Meg her catikart humour gaws. Ramsai/'s Pucms, ii. 117. CL.\UCH.\XNE, s. A village in which there is a church. V. Clachan. CLWCHT, pret. Snatched, laid hold of eagerly and suddenly. With spedy futc so swiftly rinnis schc, \\\ past the hors rcnk, and furtli can tic Ijiforc him in the feild wyth grete disdcne. And cliuicht anonc the coursere by the reiie. Doug. Virgil, 390. 33. A hunlyn stall' in till his hand he bar, 'l'har«illi he sroat on Will) ham Wallace tliair: Uot for his tre lilrll sonylio he maid, Uot be the coler daucht him with outyn baid. n'altace, ii. 98. MS. A- this word seems to express the violence raani- fi-sted by a ravenous bird, in laying hold of its prey, it is most probably a remnant of sonic antiquated v. corresponding to Su.CI. klaa, which conveys this very idea; unguibus Teluti tixis coniprchendcrc, ma- iium iiijicere. Hence the Frov. Tint aer saa ogor. ligl, fom all klaa maancii ; Acque inipossibile est, ac lunam unguibus apprebeadere; Ihre. The r. is cvi- drutly, a* this writer observes, from Su.G. Isl. tlu, a nail, a claw, a talon. Ilenrc also tlo-as, Isl. Hu-asl, unguibus certare. It may indeed be supposed, that this is the prct. of the r. Cm IK, q. v. Claucht, Claught, s. a catch or seizure of any thing in a sudden and forcible way. When one lays hold of what is falling, it is said that he " gat a claucht of it," S. C L A My een grew blind, the lad I cou'd na sec : But ane 1 kent na took a claught of me. And fuish me out, and laid me down to drccp. Rois'.i llclcnore, p. 42. Claiil seems to be used in the same sense. Thcr's scarce a pair of shoes among us, And for blew bonnets they leave non. That they can get their claitts upon. Clcland's Poems, p. 38. It may however signify clutches. To CLAVER, V. a. l. To talk idly, or in a nonsensical manner, S. pronounced q. claiver. Ne'er brag of constant clavcring cant, And that you answers ncTcr w ant. Ramsat/'s Poems, ii. 458. 2. To chat, to converse in an easy, unreserved manner, to gossip, S. Ae sunny morn for recreation, Twa hats began a slow cantation ; They frae a skelf began to claver; The tanc was woo', the tither beaver. Morison's Poems, p. 1. Cierm. klaff-en, inconsiderate loqui, kluffer, gar- rulus. Ihre views Su.G. klajf'-a, calumniari, as a cognate term. Hence klaffare, calumniator. Our r. in the second sense is very nearly allied to Teut. kulaberen, inter se in utranique partem de variis rebus otiose suavcsjucuudosquesermones confcrre; Rilian. Claver, Claiver, j. Frivolous talk, prattle, S. Delighted with their various claver. While wealth made all his wits to waver, He cast his look beneath the board, Where stood ane that spake ne'er a word, " Pray what art thou stands speechless there?" lleply'd the bird, " I think the raair." The Parrot, Ramsaj/''s Poems, ii. 517. I mind it weel in early date, — When (irst amang the yellow corn A man I reckon'd was, Still shearing, and clearing The tither stooked raw, W'i' claivers, an' haivers, Wearing the day awa'. Burns, iii. 377. CLAVER, Clauir, s. Clover, S. In battil gcrs burgeouns, the banwart wyld, The clauir, catcluke, and the caramoniylde. Doug. Virgil, 401. 11. For Phetanissa hes he send. With sorccrie and incanfationcs. — And, in principio, sought out syne, That under ane alter of stano had lyne, Sanct J hones nutt, and the for"" levit claver. Legend Bp. St Andrcis, Poems \6th Cent. p. 318. Nutt, I suspect, should be icurt or zcort. V. John's CSt) Nutt. A. S. claefer, Bclg. klavcr, id. from A. S. deaf, an, to cleave, because of the remarkable division of the leaves. For the samo reason Trefoil had the name of Cal-cluke, from its resemblance of the cloven foot of a cat. V. G i.amer. CLAW, s. A kind of iron spoon for scraping the bake-board, Ang. Isl. ilau, frico: Teut. ilau-^-cu, scalpcre, klauice, rastrum. CLE C L E To CLAY, CLAt UP, V. a. To stop a hole or chink by any unctuous or viscous substance, S. c/im synon. In this sense Fcrgusson uses the phrase, clai/ (he clungest ; Poems, ii. 61. It nearly resembles Tout, klev-en, klijv-en, figere, glutinare ; adhaerere ; kleve, tiscus, gluten. Our term may have originated merely from the use of claj/ in stopping chinks. Teut. kteye, however, argilla, flay, has been deduced from klev-cn, because of its adhesive quality. V. Kilian. CLEAVING, s. The division in the human body from the os pubis downwards, S. " Ye wad ferly mair, if the crans bigged in your cleaving, and flew away with the nest;" Ramsay's S. ProT. p. 87. Isl. ilofi interfaemineum, femorum intcrcapedo ; G. Andr. V. Cloff. To CLECK, -J. a. To hatch. V. Clek. CLECKIN-BROD, s. A board for striking with at hand-ball. Loth. Baiv-broJ, i. e. ball-board, synon. ClcciiiiSj Cumb., signifies a shuttle-cock; Gl. Grose. Isl. klccic, levitcr verbero ; G. Audr. p. 147. Kloi-iui, to be struck with great force ; af-klaiikku, struck. A brawler or striker is called kttkkingr madr ; litigiosus, qui alapas aticiii inijiiugit ; Ver.'l. Ind. Teut. Hide, a stroke, a blow, also a club, klaek-cn, verberare resono ictu ; Kiliau. To CLEED, Cleith, v. a. i. To clothe, S. j^«***«***» Jang may grunt and grane, — An' c/eet/ her bairns, man, wife, an' wean, In mourning weed. Burns, iii. 118. 2. Metaph. applied to foliage. — Simmer rains bring simmer flow'rs. And leaves to deed the birkcn bow'rs. Pcrgu.ison''s Poems, ii. 40. ' 3. Used obliquely, to denote the putting on of ar- mour. "• It is statute, — that naneof our sonerane Ladyis liegis presume, pretend, or fak vpone hand to make onivpriuic con ucutiouuis nor assembleis within Burgh, put on armonre, cleith fhame selfis with wappin. uis, or mak sound of trumpet or Talberone, — with, out the speciall licence of our said souerane Lad}-." Acts Marie, 1363. Edit. 1566. c. 19. Murray, c. 83. The common pronunciation cleiil is more conso- nant to the other cognate terms, than to A. S. clath. inn. Isl. Su.G. klaed-a. Germ, klcid-en, Belg. tlecd- eit, Dan. klaed-er, id. Some, as Ihre mentions, have derived this word from C. B. cli/d, crafty; others, from Su.G. lod, hlod, wool; and others again from luda, lilodu, to adhere. It is surprising, that none of the Northern etymologists have taken notice of a term which seems to have at least a far better claim than any of these. This is Isl. kliaae, kliade, telam expedio et laxo. Kliadr er ofan sa vefur; " This web is finished." V. G. Andr. As this denotes the finishing of a web and taking it out of the loom, when it receives the denomination of claith, the idea that naturally pre- sents itself is, thatthcproprietor will c/c7t/ himself with it. Isl. klaede, indeed, whether viewed as the pres. of the V. or as the noun signifying eluthing, seems to be merely the pret. of klime. We find some- thing strictly analogous to sense 3, in Isl. ; for lierklaede signifies, aruia, q. anny-clothes ; herk- laedast, arma iuduere. Cleeding, Cleading, s. Cloathing, apparel, S. Germ, kleidung, Isl. klaede, id. Teut. kleed, vestes. I ever hated bookish reading, And musical or dancing breeding. And what's in either face or cleuding. Of painted things. Ramsaii^s Poems, i. 30. Cled Score, a phrase signifying twenty-one in number, S. " He was four times married, had children by all his wives, and at the baptism of his last cliild, which happened not a year before his death, [when above 90] with an air of complacency expressed his thank- fulitess to his Maker for having at last sent him the cled sfere, i. e. 21." P. Parton, Kirkcudb. Statist. Ace. i. 187. The w ord literally means clothed, the score having one additional to cover it, E. clad. Dr .Johns, is at a loss to find a r. for this particijjle. But it is pre- served in the S. v. deed. CLEG, Gleg, s. A gad-fly, a horse-fly. It is pi'onounced gleg, S. B. cleg, Clydes. The lat- ter seems most ancient. A. Bor. id. lie earthly dust to lothly lice did change. And dimd tiR- ayre, with such a cloud so strange, Of fiyes, grasshoppers, hornets, clegs and clocks, That day and night through houses Hew in liocks. Hudson's Judith, p. 20. The unlatit woman Marc wily than a fox, pungis as the cleg. Fordun. Scotichron. ii. 276. V. Lait, v. Dan. klueg, id. tabanus. CLEIK, adj. Lively, agile, fleet, Loth. V. ClEUCH, ailj. To CLEIK, Clek, Cleek, -u. a. i. To catch as by a hook, S. If I but ettle at a sang, or speak. They dit their lugs, sync up their leglins cleei. Ramsaij's Poems, ii. 66. 2. To lay hold of, after the manner of a hook. " I cleekit my arm in his," I walked arm in arm with him, S. 3. To seize, to take possession of in whatever way, whether by force, or by fraud, S. as equi- valent to catch, snatch, or snatch away. Oppressioun clihit Gude Rewle by the hair. Duncan Laider, V. fVaiton's Hist. 'E. P. ii. 327. And quheu the vicar hard tell my wyfe was deid. The third kow than he clcikit be the held. Li/ndsa^, Pink. S. P. R. ii. 65. Than drew he fnrth ane scharp dagair, And did hrra cleik be the collair. Li/ndmt/'s S(jni/er Meldrum, A. iiii. a. Sum causes clek till him ane cowl, Ane grit convent fra syn to tyce ; And he himself exampil of vycc. Dunbar. Maitland Poems, p. 1 10. C L E An' I confess, I ill can brook To clffl in jus solum ; liffrally, There was he cleckil and laid in clouts, S. i. e. swaddled. Vercl. Ind. to. Klutr. Clecki.v, s. 1. a brood of chickens, S. ■2. Metaph. a family of children, S. V. Clek. CLEKET, X. The tricker of an engine. In hy he gort draw the cleket. And smertly swappyt out a staiie. Barbour, xrii. 674. MS. Edit. 1620, cleitet. E. clictcf, the knocker of a door, Fr. clique/, id. To clem, -u. a. l. " To stop a hole by compressing, S." Callender's MS. Notes on Ihre. 2. To stop a hole by means of lime, clay, or by using any viscous substance; also to c/em up, S. E. clamm is used in a sense nearly allied, although not precisely the same, as rather signifying to clog, to bedaub ; to clcam, to glue together, Liucoliis. from A. S. cleam-ian, id. As Su.G. ilen-a signifies linero, to besmear. Ihre remarks that the A. Saxons have changed « into m. But he does not seem to have observed that in Isl. klcim-a is used, in the same sense, as well as klijn-a; aliino, macule. To CLEP, Clepe, v. a. To call, to name. Wallace a lord he may be c/rpj/t weyll, Thocht ruryk folk tharotf haH litill'fcill, Na deyme na lord, bot landis be thair part. fVu/lacc, Tii. 357. MS. It commonly occurs in this sense. O. E. A. S. c/cop.an, clj/p-ian, vocare, clamarc ; as Teut. tlepp-en, Germ. ilapp.en, are used in a more general sense, pulsare, sonarc. Clep, s. a call, a more solemn form of citation, used especially in criminal cases ; a forensic term. " In pleyis of wrang and vnlaw, — clepe, and call, was used as ane certaine solemnitie of wordes pre- scrived be the Law, and observed in the practlck, as quhcn the persewer did clep and call the defender with wouth, wrang, and vnlaw, in harming and skaithing of him of sik ane thing, or of sik anc sumnie of silver mair or lessc, to his great harme and skaith." Skene, Verb. Sign. " It is to wit, that this the forme in his dischargc- ing of poynds : that the dcbtour sail haue his cattcll poynded, or anie other poyud, restored to him, and probation readie at hand, with vlep and call." Stat. Rob. I. Tit. 2. c. 20. ^ 7 This phrase is used in the Lat. as well as in the Translation. V. Clap, *. 4. To CLEP, V. 11. 1. To tattle, to act the tell- tale, S. When men o' mettle thought it nonsense To heed that clepping thing ca'd conscience; — Then Duniwhistle worn wi' jears, — Commanded his three sons to come, And wait upon him in his room. /?am-f/y'.v Poems, ii. 543. 2. To chatter, to prattle; especially, as implying the idea of pertness, S. Teut. klapp-eii garrirc, blaterare : tlapper, gar. rulus, etiara delator; Kilian. ^e\g.klapp-e7i, to tat. tie ; also, to betray. Clep, s. Tattle, pert loquacity, S. synon. gab, gash, clash., clatter. '&c\g. ydele ilap, idle chat. CLE CLERGY. V. Clargie. CLERK-PL AYIS, s.pl. Properly, those theatri- cal representations the subjects of which were borrowed from Scripture. " 111 an Act of the General Assembly 1575, it is said that " the playing of Clerk. phnjis, comedies or tragedies upon the canonical parts of the Scripture, induceth and bringeth in with it a contempt and pro- fanation of the same." Clerk-.plai/ifi are here described as composed on scriptural subjects, in distinction from those after- wards mentioned, " which are not made upon au- fhentick parts of Scripture ;" Calderwood's Hist, p. 82. Although this was the proper meaning of the term, it seems doubtful if it was not occasionally used in a laxer sense ; as in a poem composed by Sir R. :Maitland " on the Quenis Maryagu to the Dolphin of France, 1358." All burrowstownis, everilk man yow prayis To maik bainfyris, fairseis, and clerk.playix ; And. throw your rewis, carrels dans, and sin^ : And at your croce gar wyn rin sindrie wayis : As was the custome in our eldars' dayis, Quhen that thai maid triumphe for ony thing. Maillund Poems, p. 284. Mr Pink, justly observes that " these were mys. teries first acted by the clersri/." Ibid. N. 430. From the proofs exhibited by ^V'arton, there can be no doubt that this was the case in England. The play ui St Catherine via?, performed at Dunstable Abbey, by the novices, in the eleventh century ; and the ex- hibition of the Passion, by the mendicant Friars of Coventry and other places. V. Hist. V.. P. ii. 374. CLETT, s. A projecting rock or cliff, Caithn. " The haven of Brongh, close by the Head, is well sheltered from every wind, but the N. W. • and a small expence might render it secure against it too, by throwing a pier from the land to a large eletf, or out-standing rock, which is about 100 yards from the shore." P. Dunnet, Statist. Ace. xi. 248. This is precisely the sense of Isl. ilett-ur ; rupes mari imminens, Verel. Ind. Su.G. kletl is used with greater latitude ; denoting a mountain or hill. Hence Su.G. iletlra, Dan. ilettrer, Gcrin. klettern, to climb ; hoc est per loca ardna eniti ; Ihre, vo. A7e^^ CLEUCH, Cleugh, (gutt.) j-. I . A precipice, a rugged ascent, S. B. Heuch, synon. A cleuch thar was, quharofl' a strenth thai maid With thuortour treis, bauldly thar abaid. Fra the ta side thai mycht ische till a playne, Syn throuch the wode to the strenth pass agayn. Wallace, iv. 539. MS. Up thro' thecleughs, ivhere bink on bink was set. Scrambling wi' hands and feet she taks the gate. Ross's Helenore, p. 25. Rudd. defines this, " a rock or hill, a clift or clirt, from A. S. clif, cliof, Dan. tlippe, Belg. ilif, Teut. klippe, scopnlus, rupes." Junius adopts the same explanation. The editor of Compl. S. ob- serves that the popular signification is quite different from that assigned to it by Junius and Ruddiman •" Gl. This is true as to the southern parts of S. But he has not had opportunity of observing, that C- L K CLE lhc»cn«f ?i».Mi l>) Iliidd. is that which is sitill re. taioid ill lh.> North ; and, if I mistake not, ihr only .im- III uhith the uor.l i» ihiri' iiwd. It would jLiin, indeed, tli.U this is the very sense ill which it is ii«tl, Coin |il. S. " Then- liriiial !>.itind did rcdond to the hicskyis, qubil the d.-po hou caiutnis of cUnchis k rotche rra^gii ansucrl vitht ano liio not, oi that samyn toiiiid 15 ihav bi>>lis hid hlaucn ;" p. 59. The phras,', rolche craggi-', or rocky craggs, 13 .lynon. with cleiichis. Aj used io thib sense, the word seems radically the iame with Ir. liuiclir, a rock. J. A strait hollow between precipitous banks, or a hollow descent on the side of a hill, S. It occasionally occurs as equivalent to glen. Thin all the jonWcrs bad him yield, Or doiin the glen to gang ; Sum cryd the couard suld be kield, Sum doun the cleuch they thrang. Evergreen, ii. 18t. st. 18. " The liruce's booke calls him John de Rich- mond, and saves he slew liim in Jedward foircst ; — Sir James haung very few with liim, not above fiftic horse, and some archers, in a strait clench or valley, hctweone two hills, which he had of purpose taken as a place of adTanta«;e." Hume's Hist. Uoug. p. 36. The herd, wi' danderin tir'd enough, Had Uidg'd his hirsel in the cleiigh. Hev. J . Nicol's Poems, ii. 84. K. ctntigh is evidently the same word, thus defin- ctl bv V'erslegan ; " a kind of breach down along the side of a hill ;" Restit. Die. Intell. " Cloiigh. .\ valley between two hills; Northumb." GI, Grose. A.^. cioiigli, rima qiiaedam vcl fissura ad niontis rlitum vel derliviim ; Somner. lie views Dan. klof, incisura, as radically the same. From the form of the.\.S. word, it seems to have been common to the Cellic and Gothic ; and probably dough had ori- ginally the fame sense with Ir. cluitlte ; of, or be- longing to, a rock or stone. V . Clowe. CLEUCH, aJj. 1. Clever, de.xtrous, light- fiiiRcred. One is said to have c/cuch hands, or to he " cleuch of the fingers," who lifts any thing so cleverly that bystanders do not ob- serve it. This term properly denotes that kind of dexterity which thieves and pickpockets possess, S. B. 2. Niggardly and severe in dealing ; inclined to take the advantage, S. B. Su.{;. A7o*, while it signifies prudent, is also ap. plied to those who use magical arts. On this word ihrc remarks ; Solent scientiae nomina ab imperitis Tcl a^hidae rcl magiae idea denigrari. Isl. klok-r ralliiluk, vafer ; (icrm. king, id. ; Isl. klok.-kapr, ralliilitai; wiihthii, to cleave, because parted from the rest. To CLINCH, Clynsch, v. n. To limp, to walk lamely, S. The tothir part lamed clijnschis, and makis hir byde. In loupis tiirawin, and lynkis of hir hyde. Doug, t'irgil, 137. I. This seems radically the same with Su.G. link-a claudicare. I know not if Isl. kkck.hl a, diiinuum datur, laesio accidit, be allied. Clinch, s. A halt, S. CLINK, J'. A smart stroke or blow, S. The yeomen, then, iu haste soon lighted down ; The first miss'd not a clink out o'er his crown. Hamilton's IVullncc, j). J.; Teut. klinckc, id. ; alapa, cola[)lius. Kiiian. CLINK, s. Money ; a cant term, S. I doubt na. lass, but ye may think, Because ye hae the name o' clink, That ye can please me at a wink. Whene'er ye like to f rv. Burns, iv, 28G. As king's I live, I'll laugh ay fan I think Wi' vjliat a waef u' phiz he twinn'd his clink. Sliirref!,' Pvems, p. 35. It undoubtedly receives this designation from the sound. Teut. ktinck-en, tinuire. To CLINK. V. a. Used in dift'erent senses, with different prepositions ; but conveying the ge- neral idea of alertness in manual operation, S. To Clink on. A creel bout fou of mucklu steins They clinked on his back. Ramsty's Poems, i. 275. To Clink up, v. a. To seize any object quickly and forcibly, S. If not radically tlte same with the v. elcik, with n inserted ; allied perhaps to Dan. lencic a chain, a link, cj. gelenckc.. It seems to suggest the idea of hastily laying hold of, or lifting up, bj means of a, liook or chain. CLINT, s. " Hard or flinty rocks," GI. Sibb, " dints. Crevices amongst bare lime-stone rocks. North. ^' Gl. Grose. Hence, Clinty, Clynty, adj. Stony, Loth. On raggit reikis of hard barsk quhyn stane, With frosyn frontis cald c'ynty clewis schane. Doug\ Virgil, 200. 45. . Nana but the clinfy craigs aad scrogy briers I i C L I Wcrr wltneMCs of a' his e;nncs and tears. Uamsai/'': Poiiiir, ii. 8. Undil. ronj'rhirrs, q. cliii!:i/, from c/hit, " be- r.iui>.- hurri lliiti.'s nive a louder sound oTcliiil-, or r/iiitif (or Jlinlij." Sil)b. is not uiiich nearer the mark, when hi- derircs it from A.S. c/i/tie, imlalliim, iiii^a. It is the same «ith Sii.t;. k/iiit, scopiiliis, TrrtLxniontisexcrlsioris. This exactly corresponds with the de«cri|>tiiin ^iven by Dougliu*. It is also written k/fll, Isl. ticttur. Ihre observes that in *»ii.(J. n is often siibslitiiled for a double consonant. Ill- considers (Jr. kXituj, clivus, as the root. CLIP, /. Probably, an appellation borrowed from a sheep newly shorn or clipped. (juod soho, My dip., my unspaynd lam, With iniiher's milk yet in your gam. EvergiiLii, ii. 20. st. G. To CLIP, Clyp, v. a. i. To embrace. .\iul luslih , liy botlie armcs tueync I was araisil up into the aire, Clii'pil in a cloudc of trystall clere and fairc. King's Qiierir, iii. 2. 2. To lay hold of in a forcible manner. The happy goishalk, «c se. From the hiclit of ane rolkis pynnaki! hie, With sH'ifl wyngis persewis wouiider sarc The silly do» heich vp in the are, (juh.im fyualy he ciippis at the last, And louklt iu his puusis saris fast. Doug. Virgil, 390. 40. 3. To prapple in a sea-fight. The wer srhlppis was lappyt Ihaim about. The riiekill barsjc had nocht thaim clijpjij/t fast. Craw find drew saill, skewyt hy, and oil' thaim past. IVallare, i.x. 147. MS. AS. clipp.iin, clj/pp.iaii, beclijip-aii, to embrace. Hence, Clips, Ctirrrs, .<■./>/. i. Grappling-irons, used in a sea-fight, for keeping two vessels close to- gether. Athir othir fesfynyt with dippys keyn ; A cruell cowntyr thar was on ship burd seyn. fViillace, X. 855. MS. :. .\n instrument for lifting a pot by its boo/s nr ears ; also, for carrying a barrel between two persons. It consists of two pieces of iron, rw. V. Sufl^ers an eclipse. '• The soune is maid obscure til vs quhcn it dips, be cause the vmbre and schaddou of the bak of the munc is betuix vs and the soune." Compl. S. p. 87. CLYRE, s. 1. "A clyre in meat," a gland, S. Teut. kliere, id. 2. It is also used figuratively. " To leave no klyres in one's breast," to go to the bottom of any quarrel or grudge, S. Clvred, adj. Having tumors in the flesh. The allusion is to a horse. Up start a priest and his hug head claws. Whose conscience was but yet in dead thraws, And did not cease to cave and paut. While dyred back was prickt and gald. Clelcaid's Poems, p. 66. CLISH-CLASH, s. Idle discourse, bandied back- wards and forwards, S. apparently a reduplica- tion of clash, q. v. CLISH-MA-CLAVER, s. Idle discourse, silly talk, S. ; a low word. This method's ever thought the braver, Than either cufis, or dish-mu-daver. Ramsaij''s Works, i. 144. What further cUshmadaver might been said. What bloody wars, if sprites had blood to shed, No man can tell Burns, iii. 59. CLITTER-CLATTER, s. Idle talk, bandied backwards and forwards, S. Upstart another with a smile, And said, my Lord, shall all your while Be spent in idle ditter-datter And waving fingers in the water? Cleland's Poems, p. 103. Thus, after mcikle dittcr-dutter, James fund he cou'dna mend the matter. Ramsai/'s Poems, ii. 523. V. Clatter, s. and f. CLIVACE, X. A hook for catching the bucket in which coals are drawn up from the pit, Loth. CLOCE. V. Close. CLOCHARET, /)ro;7. Clochret,j-. The Stone- chatter, S. Motacilla rubicola, Linn. " The curlew or whaap, and docliaret are sura, mer birds." P. Caputh, Porths. Statist. Ace. ix. 490. Gael, doichran, id. from doic/i, a stone, and perhaps rann a song. This is one of the birds, in whose natural histo. ry, as related by the vulgar, we perceive the traces of ancient superstition. It is believed in the X. of S. that the toad covers the eggs of this bird during its absence from the nest. Some, indeed, assert, "that the toad hatches tlie young stone.chatter. To CLOCHEP., V. n. To cough; especially 1 C L O 8S indicating the sound emitted, when there is much phlegm ia the throat, S. Gael, chi'liar, wheezing in the throat ; Sliaw. To CLOCK, Clok, v. n. l. To cluck, to call chickens together. — To gif the bak and flc — Scho him constranis, and to pyk him thence j Ilir birdis s} ne r/oAanrf scho sekis on raw ; And all affra) it dois thame samyn draw. Doug. Virgi/. 458. 2. Ilee cloches to thame, as a hen dois to her chick- ens, to gather thame vndcr the wings of his iuliuite mercie." Bruce's Serm. on the Sacr. E. 7. a. A. S. clocc-av, Teut. llock-cn, glocire. 2. To hatch, to sit on eggs, S. This is the modern sense. Hence the Prov. " Ye're sae keen of the clocking, you'll die ia the nest ;" Ramsay's S. Proverbs, p. 85. " spoken to those who are fond of any new place ;" Kell\ . It is also said to one who, from whatever cause, is very sedentary ; " ^ ou sit like a clocking hen," S. It seems doubtful, whether this be merely an ob. liqne sense of the t'., because of tlie clucking or cack- ling noise made by a hen, when she rises from her »"ggs ; or radically different, as immediately allied to Su.G. klacck'fi, to hatch. CLOCK-BEE, /. A species of beetle; also caWed the yieei/ig golach, S. B. from E. c/oc.i a beetle, and bee, because it flies. CLOD, s. A flat kind of loaf, made of coarse wheaten flour, and sometimes of the flour of pease, S. Nor wad he wish o'er gentle fare, Or dainties that are scarce and rare ; Could he get clods and Soutcr's brrmdt/, Enough o' that wad please poor Andy. Shirrefs' Poems-, p. 245. " Halfpenny loaf of coarse Hour," N. A|)parently denoniiuatod from its form, as resem- bling a clod of earth. Teut. klotie, massa, gleba, globus tcrrae. Cog o' brosc an' cuttj- spoon Is a' our cottar childer's boon, Wha thro' the week, till Sunday's speal, Toil for pease.c/o(/^ and gud lang kail. Fergusson^s Poems, xi. 79. CLOFF, s. 1 . A fissure of any kind. 2. Whit is otherwise S. called the craving, Lat. intercapedo. Consider gif ihair clojjis bin clene. Li/nd>aj/'s IWtrkis, 1592, On Sj/dc Taillh, p. 308. It seems to be used as equivalent to anus, Wat- .son's Coll. iii. 3. 3. A cleft between adjacent hills. Loth. 4. The cleft of a tree, or that part of it where the branches separate from each other, Loth. Isl. kloj", Su.G. kloffica, Alem. chlobo. Germ. klobeii, a fissure of any kind. A. S. clcof-an, Is!. kliuf.a, Alem. claub-un, Belg, klov-en, Su.ii.klj/fz:- a, to cleave. CLOIS, s. Crown. He had him bring witli him the sceptour vaud, C L O The collar pieht with orient peiiles als, That schu umquhile war about hir hals, Of gold also ilic c/;ji.f, or double crouu, Set lull of precious stonys enniroun. Doug. yirgU. 33. 43. Fur enniroun 1. cnvjjroun, as in oldest MS. In the other it is envvroun. Teut. klos, globus ; Germ. kloss, corpus rotuudum. CLOYS, t. A cloister, Doug. Teut. Muyse, clausura, locus clausus, L. B. c^usa. CLOIT, s. A clown, a stupid inactive fel- low, S. Teut. kloete, homo obtusus, hebes, Kilian. Isl. ktotc, homo nauei. SuG. klutarc, id. The origi- nal idea is, a mere log ; from Teut. kloete, a pole ; a log, the trunk of a tree. To CLOIT, v. n. To fall heavily, S. Wi' a gird Upon my bum I fairly cloited On the cald eard. Hamilton, Ra:nfrn/'s Purin.f, ii. 336. This dress, with trews, our Bruce had on, ANIirn he met Ned, aboon the lone, ^^llare doughty carles laid well on, And faes (hey stoited. Till life and sani and a' was gone, Then down they cloited. R. Gallov:ai)''s Pouini, p. 27. Belg. klots-en, to beat wilh noise. Cloit, s. a hard or heavy fall, S. To CLOK, 1'. n. To cluck. V. Clock. CLOLLE, /. Apparently, skull. On the chef of the clolle, A pade pik on (he polle; M'ith eighcii hoiked full holle, That gloed as the ijleiles. Sjr Lratcan and Sir Gal. i. 9. Germ, kleucl, glomus, a diuiin. says Waehter, from A. S. cline, spliaera. Tiie chef of (he clolle thus seems to signify the '.higher part of the skull, or eronn ; Vv. chef, the head. CLORl Y, adj. Dirty. V. Clarty. CLOSE, s. A passage, an entry, S. cloce, Doug. " The ridge of this liill forms a continued and very magnificent street. From its sides, lanes and alleys, which arc here called iiynds and closes, ex. tend like slanting ribs." Arnols Hist. Edin. p. 233. It seems originally to have signified a blind alley _: Belg. kluyse, clausura. CLOSERIS, Clousouris, j./i/. Inclosures. ^Quhriuc and plene About thare clousouris brayis with mony-~anc rare. Doug, firgil, 14. 50. I^at. clauslra. CLOVE, ("o/" a mill) s. That which separates what are called the bridgeheads, S. V. Cloff. Cloves, s. pi. An instrument of wood, Vi'hich closes like a vice, used by carpenters for holding their saws firm while they sharpen them, S. V. Cloff. CLOUYS, .r. //. Claws. Thare Capitane, this ilk Strang Ayenfyne, Ii2 C L O \Valki.i on fiitf, his body w) ii)))li( iii Alio fflloiiu bnsluoiis and grule lyoun skyn, Ti-i.ibil and ronch with loikiranil tatty liaiis, The iiiihitf tuskis, the h«lo, and dotiys tliarc is. l)i,iig. I'irgil, 232. 3. To CLOUR, Ci.owR, •:>. a. l. To cause a tumour, S. IJIvtIi to win air sac «i' bale bancs, 'I'lio' nionv bad vloici'tl pows. liamuiy'f Poems, i. ^(iO. V. WoRRY-CO-W. Kanisav al«<» uses iincloiir'd. Uc thy crown ay umlour'd in qnarrol. Jbhl. ii. 310. 2. To produce a dimple, S. Uf^idcs voiir targf, in battle keen, Hat little daii;;er tholes, ■While mini' w i' niony a thiidd is doior'd, An' thiri'd sair \\\' holes. Piicins in Ihc Utichan Dialed, p. 12. Perhaps transposed from Sii.Ct. i-ullia, deciderc cum inipetu. Kii/a sii^nities a bump. Ci.oL'R, s. 1. A lump, a tumour, in conse- quence of a stroke or fall, S. Saint Fciir hat her with a iliib, qiihill a grctc c/our llais in her heid, becans llie wif ycid wrang. Pink. S. P. Rcpr. ii. 142. All his head was full of dozers, Truth did so handle him. — Truth's Travels, Peiimcuik's Poems, 1715, p. 9-1. 2. A dint, or cavity, proceeding from a similar cause. For the term denotes the inequality of a surface, "ivhetiicr it be concave or convex. To CLOUT, V. a. " To beat/' (Sir John Sin- clair's Observ.) to strike ; properly with the hands, S. — Baxter lads hae scal'd a vow To skelp and dout the guard. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 51. Tcut. A/o/s-c;/, pulsare, pnltare; kloete, a pole, contus, Kilian. Jiclg. ilouu, signilies a stroke; Klousc-cii, (u bang. Cj.out, J. A cufF, a blow, S. It is used as a cant term, E. Grose's Class. Diet. — Did Sandy hear ye, Ve » adna nii>.s lo get a doiU, 1 ken hj disna fear ye. liilsoii's S. Songs, i. 183. "CLOWE, .<. A hollow between hills. Queue was I somwilc C fetter than Dame Gaynour, of garson, and Kolde,— Of castellisj of conlreyes, of craggis, of clones. •**''' ('ir.can and Sir Gal. i. 12. This is tlie same y»'n\\ Cleiigli, q. v. alto Cloff. CLOWIS, J.//. Small pieces of any thing of a round form ; hence compared to hail. Livtzii of clenc maill Iloppil out 3S the haill. Gatcan and Got. iii. 3. A. S. dco:i. Tcut. klauve, l.t„uu-e, sphacra, any Ihiui; round. CLOW IT, part, pa, " Made of clews, woven." Rudd. C L U ■ If he refers to the following passage, it may ra- thcr signify plaited. Vnto him synn Eneas gcuin has, — Ane habirgeoun of Uirnist oiailyeis bricht, W'yth gold ouergilt, doisit thrinfald ful ticht. Doug. Virgil, 136. 21. Teut. kluiizce, glomus. CLOUSE, Clusii, s. A sluce, S. ■ " Anent tlie slayaris of Snioltis in mylndamaiis eloiisii, and be nettis, thornis, and cruuis : It is statute and ordanit, that the vnlaw thairof in tyme focuin be ten pund for the first tyine : The secund tyme, twentie pund : And the thrid tyme, tinsall of lyfe to the conimittar." Acts Ja. IV. 1303. c. 107. Edit. 13C6. c. 72. Murray. •Fr. ediise, id. Arm. dejsz, a ditch. CLUBBER, s. V. Clibber. CLUBBOCK, s. The spotted Bienny ; a fish ; Blennius Gunnellus, Linn. " Spotted bienny, or dubbock, Gadus Gunnellus." Glasgow, Statist. Ace. V. 537. This is also called codlock. " The following fish are to be found in the harbour, sand-eels, club- bocks or codlocks." P. Kirkcudbright, Ibid. xi. 13. CLUF, Cluif, s. 1. A hoof, Rudd. ; now pronounced c/u, S. B. " Cliives. Hoofs of horses or cows. Cumb." Gl. Grose. Su.G. klof, ungula, quia bifida (Ihre) ; from klijf- Krt, to divide. 2. A claw, Rudd. Teut. kluyve., unguis. Isl. klof, klauf, Sw. Mow. V. Clouys. CLUKIS. V. Cleuck. CLUMMYN,/.«;•^/,fl. of Climb. Eneas the bank on hie WciS dummyn, wyde quhare behaldand the large sie. Doug. Virgil, 18. 39. CLUMP, s. A jieavy fellow, one who is inac- tive, S. " Clumps, idle, lazy, unhandy. Lin- coln." Gl. Grose. C/f/w/.r, a numskull ; ibid. Skinner. Germ. Su.G. klump, amass ; Teut. klompe, id.^ also, globus terrae, synon. with klotte, whence E. dod. Ch\]'KG, part. pa. Empty ; applied to the sto- mach or belly, when one has fasted long, S. This man may beet the poet bare and dung, That rarely has a shilling in his spung. Ramsuy''s Poems, i. 353. Come Scota, those that anes upon a day Gar'd Allan Ramsay's hungry heart strings play The merriest sangs that ever yet w ere sung ; Pity ancs mair, for I'm out throw as dung ! Ross's JJelcHore, Introd. " Clung, — commonly -used for any thing that is shrivelled or shrunk ;" Gl. Grose. Cling is used by Shakspeare, in iMaebeth, with resiicet to famine, (V. Johns.) ; and the part. pa. is rendered by Skin- ner, macie coufeetus. as common in his time. V ding, to dry This is merely the part, of the E up. To CLUNK, V. n. To emit a hollow and inter- rupted sound ; as that proceeding from any Ii- COB quid confined in a cask, when shaken, If the cask be not full, S. Isl. ktunk-a, sono, G. Aiidr. p. 116. As Sw. Jciiink sii^nilios a gulp ; arad Jclunk-u, to gulp ; it might primarily dcuotc the sound made by the throat ui swallowing a lar£;e draught. Indeed Han. gliink is expl. " the gugiiling of a narrow mouthed ])ot or strait-necked bottle, when it is emptying," NV'olfl'; which convoys almost the same idea with our word : and Sw. kluiii-a, to guggle, ebulliendo strepitarc, Seren. vo. Guggle. Gael, glug, is rendered, " the motion and noise of water confined in a vessel ;'" Shaw. CLUNKERS, s. pi. Inequalities on the surface of the ground ; of a road, especially, in conse- quence of frost. It is also applied to dirt har- dened in clots, so as to render a pavement or floor unequal, S. " C/iiikerx. Deep impression of a horses foot." Glour. Gl. Grose. Germ, clunkcni, a knot or clod of dirt. Isl. i/«i(?, congelata gleba, glaciatum solum ; G. Andr. Su.G. id. " The roughness of the roads occasioned by frost after rainy weather." Wideg. CLUTE, s. The half of the hoof of any cloven- footed animal, S. Sax good fat lambs, I sauld them ilka c^u/e, At the West Port, and bought a winsome tlutc. Ranisaj/'n Poems, ii. fi~. " Laoir, (Gael.) a hoof, or rather in the Scotch dialect, a cliite, which signifies a single hoof of an ai^imal that has the hoofs cloven." P. Callander, Perths. Stat. Aec. xi. 612. N. This is used as syiion. withc/», and seems to have been originally cliift, q. the fissure or division, either from Germ, kluft, id. lissura, or the A. S. part. pa. cleofedf lissus. V^. Cllt. CLUTTERING, part.pr. Doing any piece of Uusiuess in an awkward and dirty way, S. B. This may be merely an oblique sense of the E. r. cluifer, which, although .lohns. gives no etymon, is probably from Tent, klotcr-en, kleuier-cn, tudi- tare. pnltare, pulsare crcbro ictu ; Kilian. COALS. To hritig over the coa/s, to bring to a severe reckoning, S. Hut time that tries such prodcks past, Brought me out o''er the coals fu' fast. Forlics^s Dominie Depos'd, p. 35. This phrase undoubtedly refers, either to the ab- surd appeal to (he judgment of God, in times of Popery, by causing one accused of a crime, purge hinistlf by walking through burning plough-shares ; or to the still more ancient custom, apparently of Druidiea! origin, of making men or cattle pass through Baal's fire. V. Beltane. COBLE, KoErL, s. i. A small boat, a yawl, S. A. S. cuop/e, navicula. A lylil ko/jil thare thai mete, And had thame owre, but langcre lete. IVijn/oxcii, viii. 28. 115. V. Kexner. 2. A larger kind of fishing boat, S. " The fishers on this coast use two kinds of boats ; the largest, called coOle>; are dill'erent from the fish- Jng-boats generally used, being remarkably Hat in c o c the bottom, and of a great length, measuring about 30 feet ill keel." P. Oldhamstock, Iladdingt. Statist. Ace. vii. 407. The term, indeed, seems to be generally used to denote a (lat-bottoraed boat, whether of a larger or smaller size. " Whether a keeled boat, and not a flat-bottom, cd vessel, such as a. coble, could, in his opinion, when loaded, be rowed across said dike along the Fraser- field side, at ordinary tides?" State, Leslie of Powis, &c. p. 111. This term, though overlooked by Johns., is used by some E. writers. 3. Malt coble, a place for steeping malt, in order to brewing, S. Germ, kubel, a vat or tub. Hence, To Coble, v. a. To steep malt. " Craig, p. 186. calls aquam ct ignem pati ; that is, killing and cobleing." Fountainhall's Decis. I. 25. COBWORM, s. The name given by farmers to the lai va of the Cock-chaffer, Scarabaeus Me- lolontha. They continue for four years grey- ish-white worms, with six feet, feeding much on the roots of corn, and being themselves a favourite food of rooks. " At the same time the destruction they [the crows] do in this way, very probably is in a great measure balanced by the very effectual assistance they give in destroying the cob-tsorm.—Yiii shot some of them, when, (o his great astonishment, upon opening up their stomachs, he found them quite full of cob- worms, and not one grain of oats." P. Carnbee, Fife, Statist. Ace. siii. 29. COCK, s. The mark for which curlers play, S. When to the loughs the curlers flock, Wi' gleesome speed, Wha will they station at the cock? Burns, iii. 118. COCK, s. A cap, a head-dress, S. B. And we maun hae pearlins, and mabbies, and cocks-. And Some iiher things (hat the ladies call smocks. The Rock, kc. Ross\s Poems, p. 137. COCK AND PAIL, a spigot and faucet, S. COCKALAN, s. A comic or ludicrous repre- sentation. In an Act against skandalous speeches and li/bels, complaint is made of " sik malicious letts, as the devill and his supposts do usually suggest, to the hindrance of all just and godlie iuterprjses, specially by the false and calumnious brutes, speeches and writs, craftelie uttered and dispersed by some lawles and saulcs people of this realme, aswell in privat conferences as in their meetings at tavcrnes, ail- houses and playcs, and by their pasquils, lybels, rymcs, cockalans, comedies and siklyke occasions whereby they slander, maligne and revile the pco|)le, estate and country of England, and divers his Ma- jesties honorable Counsellers, Magistrats and worthie subjects of that his ISIajesties kingdome." Acts Ja. VI. 1609. C.-9. Murray. Teut. kokelcn, histrionem agerc, Kilian. Belg. guychelen, Germ, gauckeln, E. juggle, id. Su.G, kocklu, to deceive ; kockleri, m.agical arts, from the c o c «mr origin, whlrh Warlitor siippofcs 1o be Germ. i, a fool, bctaiise a jugqler or mountebank per- ; I. lies a fool. COCKANDY,/. The Puffin, Alca aictica, Linn. This name is retained on the Forth; lammo- rie, Tcmny.rtod.-iy^ Orkn, ; Bowger, Hebrides. " CWkatith/y A vis palmipcs Anscrl ma^nitudiue par, cinerri coJoris." Sibb. Scot. p. 2'i. COCKER DEHOY. To ride cochrdthoy, to sit on cne, or on both, the shoulders of another, in iaiitaiion of riding on horseback, S. B. Can this be from A. S. cocer, Tcut. hohcr, a quiTcr; as the rider in this instance occupies the place where the quiver was usually worn ; or Isl. kothr, coaccrvatus. any thing heaped up? Perhaps rather corr. from Fr. coqiicirdciiii, a proud fool, who " is much more furward than wise;" Cotgr. COCKERNONNY, s. The gathering of a young woman's hair, when it is wrapt up in a "band or fillet, commonly called a snood, S. She cudled in wi' Jouuie; And tumbling wi' him on the grass, Dang a' her cockeniorini/ A jee that dny. Rainsaj/'s Poems, i. 273. Perhaps from Tcut. iulcr, a case or sheath, and uoHiie, a nun ; q. such a sheath for fixing the hair as the nuns were wont to use, who might be imitated by others, especially by those of inferior i auk. COCKERSUM, adj. Unsteady in position, threatening to fall or tumble over, S. Isl. tocltr, conglohatum. Fr. coqiiarde, " any bonnet, or caji, worn proudly on the one side ;" Cotgr. COCKY, adj. Vain, affecting airs of importance, S. B. from the E. v. to cod. And now I think I may be coeiy. Since fortune has smurll'd on me. Song, Rox.s's Iletcnorc, p. 150. COCKIELEEKIE, s. Soup made of a cock boiled with leeis, S. COCKIELEERIE, s. A terra espressive of the sound made by a cock in crowing, S. Teut. koclcloer-cn, to cry like a cock. COCKLAIRD, s. A landholder, who himself possesses and cultivates allhis estate, ayeoman,S. "•' You breed of water kail and coc;f/(HVf/i, you need roiekle service;" Kolly. p. 3f)2. A rinl laird I'ou cailgie With JiMiny did uuct. Ramsiiif's Voemf, ii. 312. It has bi'cn supposed that the term alludes to a roc* keeping possession of his own dunghill. V. LAinn. COCKLE, CoKKiL, s. A scallop. Fr. coquilU., id. from Lat. cochlea, a shell, Gr. xe^^^i or conchiila, a ditnin. from concha ThcOrilii «J the Cv.Uc, that of St Michael, the knij;bfs of «hi(h wore ilie scallop as their badge. " Th.' im).riour makkis the ordur of kuychlhed <.f the ll.ise, the kynt; of France makkis the ordour of the culm, the kyng of lugland makkis the ordour of knychlhide of the gartau."' Compl. S. p. 231. c o c " The Govcrnoiir gat the Duehcric of Chattclla- vault, with the ordour of the cnkle. — Uuntelie, Ar- gvill, and Angus war lyikwys uiaid Knychtis of the cackle; and for that and uther gude deidis ressavit, thay sauld also thair parte." Knox, p. 80. In one MS. it is cokill, cockill ; in another, cockle. This order was instituted by Lewis XI. of France, who began to reign A. 1461. The dress is thus de. scribed from a MS. inventory of the robes at Wind- sor Castle, in the reign of Henry VIIL " A mantcll of cloth of silver, lyned withe white satten, with scallope sheiks. Item, a hoode of crym. sin velvet, embraudcard with scallope shelles, lyned with crymson satten." Strutt's HorduAngel-cynnun, Vol. IH. 79. Gl. Compl. COCKROSE, s. Any wild poppy with a red flower ; but most commonly the long smooth- headed poppy, S. Coprose, A. Bor. Ray. '■'•Cop-rose. Papavcr rhaeas : called also ilead. work. North." Gl. Grose. COCK-PADDLE, s. The Lump, a fish of the cartilagenous kind ; Cyclopterus Lumpus, Linn. ; The Paddle, Orkn. " Lumpus Anglorum, Nostratibus Cock.Puddle ;" Sibb. Scot. p. 24. V. also, Fife, p. 126. As the name Hush given to the female is probably the same with see-hnesse (V. Bugufi/), this seems formed from the other name mentioned by Schone. veld, Hdjpodde, i. e. sea-toad, although compounded partly from Isl., and partly from Teut. podde, padde, bufo. " The Lump-fish, here denominated the Pad- d/c, frecjuents the harbours and sand-banks." Bar- ry's Orkney, p. 295. COCKS. To cast at the cocks, to waste, to squan- der, S. a metaph. apparently borrowed from a barbarous custom, not yet entirely disused. A cock is tied to a stake, with some room to range for self-defence. Any one, who chooses, for a certain sum, has liberty to take a throw at him with a cudgel. He who gives the fatal blpw, canies off the prize. Sair have we pelted been with stocks, Casting our money at the cocks ; Lang guilty of the highest treason Against the government of reason ; We madly, at our aiu cxpences, Stock-jobb'd away our cash and senses. Ramsaj/'s Poems, i. 330. COCK-STULE, CuKSTULE, s, i. The cucking- stool or tumbrell. " Gif they trespasse thrise, justice sail be done vpon them : that is, the Baxster sail be put vpon the Pillyrie (nr h(ihjung) and the Browstcr vpon (he Cockstu/e.^' Burrow Lawes, c. 21. ^'3. 2\imbrel- lum, Lat. " — The wcmen pcrturbatouris for skafrie of money, or vthorwyse, salbe takiu, asid put vpone the Cukstulis of eueric burgh or towne." Acts Marie, 1555. c. 40. Edit. 1566. Writers dili'er in their accounts of the Tumbrell. According to Cowcl, " this was a punishmentancient- ly indicted upon Brewers and Bakers transgressing the laws, who were thereupon in such a stool im- C O E merged overhead and ears in stcrcore, some stinking water." V. Du Cangc, to. TumbrcUam. It is evi. dent that, in the Burrow Laws a|)ove referred to, the pillory was the punishment of men, the cockstnlc of •women. For the Baxter is pistor, the Brcwsicr brasiatrix. But I have a strong suspicion that Skene, in tran. lating tumbrcllum by cockdiile, did not use a term exactly correspondent. For cocistu/e, as far as we can judge from etymological affinity, seems much the same with pi//oi ie. Sibb. indeed derives citci.stu/a from Tcut. kolcien, ingurgitare, from iokk, gnrges, Torago, vortex. But Belg. taai is "■ a Dutch Pil. lory, being an iron collar fastened either to a post, or any other high place ;" Tcut. icwcie catasta, peg- ma, columna in qua damnati conspiciendi et deriden- di proponuntur ; Kilian. Su.G. itaa;^, infelix lignum, ad quod alligati slant, qui vel verbera patiuntur, vel alias ignomiuiae ergo publice ostentui sunt ; Dan. kaag. 2. This term has accordingly been used, in later times, to denote the pillory, S. The tane, less like a knave than fool, Unbidden clam the high cookstool. And put his head and baith his hands Throw holes where the ill-docr stands. Ramsui/'s Poems, ii. 633. Leg. coctftoo/, as in former editions. COD, s. A pillow, S. A. Bor. " I maid hym [Morpheus] reuerens on my rycht syde on the cald eird, ande I maid ane cod of ane gray stane;" Compl. S. p. 105. " Twa heads may ly upon ae cod, and nae body ken where the luck lies;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 74. A. S. codde, C. B. iod, a bag. Isl. kodde, how. ever, has precisely the same sense with the S. word ; pulvinare parvum, cubital, pulvinus. Su.G. koddc, kudde, id. Hence, CoDWARE, s. A pillov?slip, S. A. S. waer is retinaculum, any thing that retains another. But we find the particular sense in Su.G. oerngoft^isar, tcgmen linteum quod cervicali induci- tur. Oerngotte, Ihre observes, more properly is oeronkodde, literally an ear-pi/iow. IVar is from tcacri, to keep, to cover. It is also found in Dan. pudde-vaar, a pillow. beer. CODE, s, A chrysom. V. Cube. To CODLE Ccorn), v. a. To make the grains fly out of the husks by a stroke, S. B. perhaps from cod, the pod. CODROCH, adj. 1. Rustic, having the manners of the country. Loth. Fife. For what use was I made, I wonder ? It was na tamely to chap under The weight o' ilka codroch chiel. That does my skin to targets peel. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 70. 2. It is also expl. dirty, slovenly, as synon. with hogry-mogry. Loth. It is perhaps allied to Ir. cudar, the rabble, the common people ; or Tcut. iudde, the herd. COELTS. " This iyle is full of nobell cotlts with certain C O F fresche water loches, with meikell of profit." Mon- roe's lies, p. 8. Qu. cohs, young horses ? The isle described is Dnray. To COFF, CoFFE, V. a. To buy, to purchase. This word is used both in the North and South of S., but far more commonly the pret. coft. 1 sought the fair, for honester employ, To coff what bonny trinkets I mith see. By way o' fairin to my lass, frae me. Slitrrpfx' Poems, p. 40. He that all man-kjnd coj'f fra care, Grawnt hym in hevyn to be happy. JVi)ntoi!:n, ix. 10. 54. " Our wol — is sa quhyt and small, that the samyii is desyrit be all peple, and coj't with gret prycc spcci- allie with marchandis quhair it is best knawin." Bellend. Descr. Alb. c. 4. He sailit over the scv sa oft and oft Quhil at the last ane semelie ship he coft. Priests of Peblis, Pink. S. P. Repr. i. 10. Alem. cotift-un, they bought, Germ, iai'ffe, ge- kaiijte, bought ; MoesG. iaiip-an, Isl. iaiip-a, Su.G. kocp-a. Germ, iaiif.en, Belg. ioop-cn, Lat. coupon, tiri, O. Fr. a-chapt-er, to buy. V. Coup, v. COFFE, CoFE, CoiFE, s. A merchant, a hawk- er. Ane scroppit cofe quhen he begynnis, Sornand all and sundry airtis, For to by hennis reid-wod he rynnis. Bannatijnc Poems, p. 170. This poem is entitled " Ane Description of Ped. der Coffeis." Lord Hailes is certainly right in ren- dering this phrase, " peddling merchants." But when he says, " What the author meant by coffeis, he expl. St. 1. 1. 3. where he speaks of " pedder knavis ;" — it surely cannot be his intention to insi- nuate, that the term coffe is synon. with knave. " Coffe,'" he adds, " in the modern Scottish lan- guage, means rustic." TJiis, however, is invariably ' pronounced ctife, and has no affinity whatsoever with coffe ; which is undoubtedly from caff, to buy, q. v. ; Germ, taiif-cn. to buy or sell, whence iauf-7nan, laiif-er, a merchant. Alem. coiif-man, Lat. caiip-o, a merchant ; Germ, kaufe, merchandise. Pedder is evidently of the. same meaning with pedlar ; which, although Junius views it as allied to Teut. hedeler, mendicus, might perhaps be the first form of the word, from Lat. pes, pedis, whence pe- durtiis., one who walks on foot; as these merchants generally travelled in this manner. Thus pedder coffe is merely pcdarius mercutor. " Ane pedder," says Skene, " is called an mar- chand, or creamer, quha bearis ane pack or creame vpon his back, quha are called beirares of the juddill be the Scottes men of the rcalme of Polonia, quhair. of I saw ane great multitude in the towne of Cra- cowia, anno Dom. 1569." Verb. Sign. vo. Pcde. pulverosus. COFFING, CoFYNE, s. 1. A shrine, a box. He gert bryng hym a lytil cofyne ; A rone skyne tuk he thare-of syne. Wyntozcn, viii. 32. 49. 2. It seems to denote the hard crusts of bread, figuratively represented as baskets, because the COG Trojans, when they landed on the Latiaii coast, hnd nothing else to serve for plates, baskets or even tables. For fault of fiidc constrenyt so ihay war, Thi- vtliir metis all consuinyt and done, The pariiiyis of tharc brode to iiioii|) up sonc, And Willi lliarc haiidis brck and cliaflis gnaw The crustis, and the cojjingis all on raw. Doug, i'irgil, 208. 50. In n\od. v.. coffin denotes " a mould of paste for a i>_\e ;" in O. 1',. a basket. *' And thci token the relifs of broken metis twelve coffijn^ fill." .Mark vi. (.at. ropliin-us, Cr. x«^i»-»{, a basket. COF T, f>r(t. and part. pa. Bought. V. CoFF. COG, CoAc, CoiG, Cogue, s. A hollow wood- en vessel of a circular form, for holding milk, broth, 8ic. a pail, S. My bairn has tocher of her awn, — T«a kits, a cogue, a kirn there ben. Hf'atson''s Cull. iii. 47. Gin ye, fan the cow flings, tljc cog cast awa', Ye may see wiiere yc'll lick up your winning o't. Sung, Ross's JJelcnore, p. 136. — .\ne quheili, ane inell the beir to knok, Ane coig, and caird wan (and ane iiaill. Jianna/iine Poems, p. 156, st. 4. Kelly writes coag. This, or cogue, most nearly approaches to the sound. What is properly called a coag is made of staves, as distinguished from a cap, which is a bowl made of one piece of wood hollowed out. llcncc the Prov. " I'll tak a stall' out of your coag," I will make a retrenchment in your allowance of food, ([. by lessening the size of the vessel appro- priated fur holding it. Germ, kaiich, a hollow vessel, for whatsoever use; C. B. cat:g, a bason, pelvis; L. B. caucus, scyphus, situla, Gt. li. KxvKHf, patera. It is probable, that this word is radically allied to Sn.G. iaggc, E. crt", a wooden vessel containing four or five gallons; to Dan. ttias, =» s'"^" boat, a trough or tray; and also to S. cog, coggc, q. V. Wachter conjectures that ('. U. CUV), cavus, is the root. Hence, To Cog, Cogue, v. a. To empty into a wooden vessel. " Ye watna what wife's ladle may cogue your kail ;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 87. COG, CocGE, J. A yawl or cockboat. — Swiic eftyr, the Erie Jhone Of Miirrawe in a cog alone Come owt of Frawus til Dwubertane. fyj/ii/oicii, viii, 29. 224. Than in the schaKlis did tliay lepe on raw • And sum v illi airis into ihc'cog^^is small Ettillit to land Doug.' rirgil, :i^>o 47 TcMt.kogghe, cc\ox; Su.G. iogg, navigir genus apud veter,.. C. B. cwch, linter. Isl. i„^gr ai;„ j,,. note* a. small boat; navigii genus breviusculum, lin- tcr; O. Andr. p. 153. 1^. B. coda, coqua, xc. Ft. coquet. " cogga, coca, O. E. coFrc. whence cocibottl. 1 hesc vessels are supposed to' have been originally much rounded iu their form ; dcrs it probable that »omc affinity. which ren. cog, as signifying a pail, has C O I To COGLE, CoGGLE, V. a. To cause anything to rock ; or move from side to side, so as to seem ready to be overset, S. Sibb. derives this from kocghel, globus. To this corresi>ond \i\.koggul, any thing convex, \ic\^.koeg. cl, a bullet, Germ, kugeln, to bowl. The phrase, hcruiiter kugeln, to tumble down, may seem nearly allied. But perhaps cogg/e is a diniin. from cog, a yawl or small boat, because this is so easily over, set; especially as the term is very generally applied to the unsteady motion of such a vessel. CoGGLiE, adj. Moving from side to side, un- steady as to position, apt to be overset, S. Cociersuni, synon. COY, adj. Still, quiet. Pepill tak tent to me, and hald yow coij, Heir am I sent to yow, ane messingeir From ane nobill and richt redowttit R03'. Lijmhuy, Pink. S. P. 11. ii. 23. Fr. coi, coi;, id., from Lat. quict-us. COIDY'OCH, CoyDYOCH, .f. A term of con- tempt applied to a puny wight. Then the cummers that ye ken came all macklack, To conjure that coklyoch with clews in their creils. Pohcurt, Watson's Cull. iii. 22. Perhaps expressive of decrepitude, from Fr. coutli, crooked. Isl. qucida denotes a thing of no value, titivilitium, G. Andr. p. 155. COIF, s. A cave. Vndir the hingand rokkis was alsua Ane to//", and tharin fresche wattir springand. Doug. Virgil, 18. 18. V. Cove. COIG. V. Cog, Coag. COILHEUCH, u A coalpit, S. " They (|uha sets fire in coilheuchis, vpon privat revenge, and despit, commits treason." Skene, Crimes, Tit. 2. c. 1. § 14. V. Heuch. COIN, CoYNi'E, s. A corner. — A rycht sturdy frcr he sent Without the yate, thair come to se, And bad him hald him all priuy, Quhill that he saw thaim cumraand all Rycht to eoynyc thar of the wall. Barbour, xviii. 304. MS. Cunyie, edit. 1620. Fr. coin, id. Ir. euinne, a corner, an angle. COISSING, Cherrie and Slae. V. CosE, v. COIST, Cost, j-. 1. The side in the human body. — lie throw out his sydis his swerd has thryst. — The giltin mailyies makis him na stede, For in the coist he tholis dynt of dedo. Doug. Virgil, 326. 47. In at the guschet brymly he him b.Tr, The grounden suerd throuch out his cost it schar. Wallace, ii. 64. JMS. In Perth edit, instead of cost it, erroneously costil. Fr. costc, Lat. costa. 2. Applied more loosely to the trunk of the body. In mannys forme, from his co/«; to his croun, Bot from his bally, and thens fordwart donn. The remanent straucht like ane fyschis tale. Dovg. Virgil, 322. 6. <2 C O K ;•!. It IS also used for E. coast, Lat. ora, Doug. CoisT, s, Expence, cost, Doug. 2. In an oblique sense, it denotes the provision made for watching the borders. " It is sene speidfull, that thair be coist maid at the est passage, betuix Roxburgh & Berwyck." Acts Ja. II. 1455. c. 53. edit. 1566. Belg. Su.G. host, cost, charge. CoiST, s. A term used in the Orkneys, to denote meal and malt. " Of meillc and malt called coist, ane last makis ane Scottish chaldcr." Skene. Verb. Sign. vo. Serp. laith. This word is CTidently the same with Su.G. kost^ which denotes these kinds of food that are opposed to flesh. Thence iostfri, hospitable, kosthall, the place where food is sold, kostgangare, he who lives at another man's table ; Germ. Belg. iost, victuals, diet. To COIT, V. n. To butt, to justlc. The unlatit woman the licht man will lait, Gangis coitand in the curt, hornit like a gait : Als brankand as a bole in frontis, and in vice. Fordiin, Scoiichron. ii. 376. V. Lait, V. for the whole of this curious descrip. tion. The female here exhibited, as abandoned in her behaviour, is compared to a goat, and to a bull. The phrase coitand in the curt, i. e. court, refers to the use which these animals make of their horns. Fr. cott-er, " to butt, to rush, to jostle, to knock heads together;" Cotgr. The Fr. word is probably derived from the Goth. For Isl. tuettr, kiietle or quitte, signifies torvus, beluinus vultus : and hueita, violenter jactare et disjicere invitum ; kueita, vio- lenta pulsio, G. Andr. p. 156. ; terms naturally ex- pressive of the action of a bull, tossing and goring with its horns. COK. To cry coi, to acknowledge that one is vanquished. Become thou cowart crawdon recriand, And by consent crj^ cot, thy dede is dicht. Doug. Virgil, 356. 29. " Cot,^' says Rudd., " is the sound which cods utter when they are beaten, from which Skene is of opinion that they have their name of cod." Skinner indeed says ; Credo a sonu seu cantu quem edit sic dictum. But he says nothing of the cock uttering this sound tchen beaten. According to Bullet, coc, coq, cocq, is an 0. ^elt. word, signifying, mcchant, dcshonnete, vile, mepri- sable ; whence Fr. coja/n, a rascal, a knave. This may be the origin ; as anciently, while trial by or. deal continued, it was considered as a certain proof of the falsity of an accusation, when the accuser fail- ed in combat with him whom he had criminated. When, therefore, he acknowledged that he was van- quished, he at the same time virtually confessed his falsehood or villainy. COKEWOLD, s. A cuckold, Chauc. I take notice of this, although properly E., for the sake of an etymological observation. Johns, and others derive it from Fr. cocu, id. This name, it has been supposed, has been given in Fr. in allu. slow to the CKckov;, to which term cocu is primarily ap- COL plied ; because it lays its eggs in the nest of another bird. But as Pasquier has observed, the designation is improper, as applied to a cuckold. II y auroit plus de raison I'adaptcr a celui qui agit, qu' a celui qui patit. The Romans, therefore, with far greater propriety, transferred the name curruca to a cuck- old, as primarily denoting that bird which hatches the cuckow's eggs. Not to mention a variety of etymons not more satisfactory, I shall only give that of G. Andr. which certainly merits attention. Qvonkall, curruca, seu cornutus, curculio, oi hanrcij. At qvonkalla aniian, altcrius uxorem per- mingere, vulgo kockalla, scd corrupte ; nam a kvon uxor, axiA kvola, kalu, maculare, dictum est. Lex. Isl. p. 157. COLEHOODING, j. The Black-cap, a bird, S. Coalhood ; Fringilla atro capillo, Linn, Junco, avis capite nigro, cole-hooding dicta. Inter jnncos nidulatur. Sibb. Scot. p. 2'i. It re- ceives its name from coal, because in the male the crown of the head is black. COLEMIE, CoALMiE, s. The Coal-fish, Asellus ruger, Ang. When young, it is called a podlie or podling ; when hsJf grown, a sede, seith or sethe. Germ, kohlmuhlen, id. It seems to receive its name from the dark colour of its skin ; Germ, kohl signifying coal. To GOLF, V, a. To calk a ship. That this word had this siguitication in the six- teenth century, is evident from a passage in the Everg. where it used in a loose sense. Fr. ca/fat.er, Arm. ca/fet-ein, Teut. kallefaet-en, id. Hence, CoLFiN, Calfing, s. The wadding of a gun, S. " He was so near as to see the fire, and the colfin flee out of the pannel's gun." Trial of Capt. For. teous, p. 21. " Then they fired again ; one of them had his pistol so near my lord, that the burning calfing was left on his gown, and was rubbed off by his daugh- ter, which wounded him two or three inches below the right clavicle, in betwixt the second and third rib." Narrative of the Murder of the Archbishop, published by Authority, Wodrow II. Append, p. 8. COLIBRAND, s, A contemptuous designation for a blacksmith ; still occasionally used. Bor- der. I awe na mare in a' this land, But to a silly Colibrand, Tarn Rid that dwells in Currie, Upon a time, as he may prove. An Atcbisou for a remove. Watson's Coll. i. 57. i. e. for removing horse-shoes. Perhaps from Fr. coul-er, to melt, to found ; and brand, a sword : or as allied to Su.G. tol, carbo, and bi-enna, urere, q the coal-burner. It is a curi- ous fact, though only apparently connected with this word, that Ermund Olafson, king of Sweden, was called Kolbraenna, because he punished male- factors by burning their houses. V. Ihre, vo. KoL ignis. K k C () I. Could the term haro any relation to Caliburnc, flic sword of llif cclcbraliii Arthur ? COLK, /. The Eider duck, a sea-fowl, S. V. Pennant's Brit. Zool. ii. 381. «' In this ill- (Soulskcrry) there haunts anc kind of fowU- callit the huth, litllo less nor a guise (Koosr,) quha comes in the ver (spring) to the land to U>- her eggis, and to cleckc hir birdis, quhill she briuK Ihcm to perf) tiie;.* ; and at that lime her tlciche (fleece) of fi-ddcris fallith of her all hailly, and she sa) les to the niayne sea againe, and comes iic»er to land, quhyle the veir end againe, and then she comes with her new lleiehc of fedderis. This Deiche that she leaves yeirly upon her nest hes nae pens in the feddori-., nor nae kind of hard thinge in them that niaj be felt or graipit, but utter fyne doHuis." Monroe's lies. p. 47. 48. This fowl is called by Buchanan, colca, Ilist. Scot. i. c. 44. It is also described by Martin, Wes. tern Isl. p. 25. This is the Duntttr Goose of Sibb. Scot. p. 21. COLL, s. A cock of hay, S. B. Keil, North- unib. Fr. ciicill-ir, to gather, E. to coil. This she ere even had tentily laid by, And «ell hajip'd up aiieth a coll of hay. Ross's IJelenorc, p. 53. To COLL, V. a. l. To cut, to clip, S. 2o coH the hair, to poll it. In this sense cow is used, and seems indeed tlie same word ; To row the head, to cut the hair. To coll the candle, to snufF the candle. C. To cut any thing obliquely, or not in a straight line. S. Su. f ;. Ai///.n, verlicis capillos abraderc, Ihre. As the K. r. pull is from jwlt, the head, kulla is from Att//, Tcrtex, the crow n. Isl. ioll.r, tonsum caput. This corresponds with Lat. culv-iis, bald. 1 am much disposed to think, that our word has been pri- marily applied to the |)olling of the hair of the head. V. Cow, ;•. Ct)LLATYOWN, s. Conference, discourse. Lat. co/latio. This man in that visyown Fell in. til collaltjoicn W) ih the Kyng on this manerc, As now 1 will reherse yhow here. tVijittozcn, \ii. 7. 340. COLLIE, COLLEV, s. 1. The vulvar name for the shepherd's dog, S. ; collj, a cur dog, A. Bor. Gl. Grose. " There was lost in Prince's Street, on Saturday the 28lh December last, a black and white rough fotfj/, or shepherd's dog." Kdin. Kven. Courant, Jan. >iO. IHOO. ' A b.'ller lad ne'er lean'd out o'er a kent, Or hounded co/y o'er the mossy bent. _. , Hfimsaij's Points, ii. 2. The lilher wa.i a ploughman's «o//,V, A rlivming, ranting, raving billie, U'ha for his friend an' comrade had him, And in his freaks had Luath ca'd him. Jiiinis, iii. 2. COL ft My collcj/, Ringie, youf 'd an' yowl'd a' night, Cour'd an' crap near me in an unco fright. Fergus-son's Poems, ii. 6. It seems doubtful, if this be allied to Ir. cuilean, coilen, a whelp; or CM. colieijn, Ann. colon qui, a little dog. Tyrwhitt observes, that " Coll appears to have been a common name for a dog. lie refers to the following passage in Chaucer: Uan Colle ourdogge, and Talbot, and Gerlond. Nunnes P. Tale, 15389. He makes the following remark in his Note on another passage, ver. 15221. A col (ox, ful of sleigh iniquitee. " Skinner iuterprets this a blackish fox, as if it were a cole fox." Gl. Urr. Tyrwhitt seems to con. sider this epithet as allied to the name given to a dog. JJiit I suspect that it is entirely diiierent ; and that col, as applied to the fox, is equivalent to the fol- lowing character, sleigh ; corresponding to Celt, iall, C. B. calh, Corn, irill, subtil, cunning. Col, in com. jjosition, is evidently used in a similar sense ; as colprophct, a false prophet, Leg. Glendour Mirror for Mag. Fol. 127. b. Coll-tragetour, false trai- tour, Chaucer, II. Fame, Fol. 267, b. 2. Any one who follows another constantly, im- plicitly, or in the way of excessive admiration, S. 3. A lounger, one who hunts for a dinner. " The Bishop was nicknamed Collie, because he was so impudent and shameless, that when the Lords of the Session and Advocates went to dinner, he was not ashamed to follozc them Into their houses, un- asked, and sat down at their table." Calderwood, p. 601. To Collie, v. «, To abash, to put to silence in an argument ; in allusion to a dog, who, when mastered or affronted, walks off with his tail between his feet ; Fife. COLLYSHANGIE, s. i. An uproar, a tu- mult, a squabble, S. The colli/sltangi/ raise to sick a height. That maugre him things wadna now hald right. Ross's Helenore, p. 85, 86. This mony a day I've grain'dand gaunted, To ken what French mischief was brewin.^ Or how the collieshangie works Atween the Russians and the Turks. Burns, iv. 357. 2. This ivord also denotes a ring of plaited grass or straw, through which a lappet of a woman's gown, or fold of a man's coat is thrust, with- . out the knowledge of the person, in order to excite ridicule, Ang. This trick is most com- monly played in harvest. I am informed, that there is a Fr. proverbial phrase, from which this term may have originated. When two persons are quarrelling, it is said, Qui est ce, qui If cluen est .^ q. " Who's the dog?" 1 hesitate, however, as to this being the origin ; Gael, callaidh denotes a tumult. E. coil is used in the same sense. Perhaps that which is given as its secondary signification is the primary one. Thus the word may have been formed (rom collie, a dog, COM mi shano/e, a sort of shackle. V. Shaxgie, and Sll.VNO-lN. COLPINDACH, s. A joungcow that has never calved. " Co/pindiich, ane yoiiiia; beast, or kow, of (he age of an or twa yt'iri's, quhilk is now called an (Jomtach or quoyach." Skene, Verb. Sign, in vo. " It is an Irish word," he adds, " and properly signifies a fuit-follower." But it seems merely a corr. of Ir. and Gael, colbhtach, a cow calf; or Ir. co/pach, a bullock or heifer. COM, Come, s. Act of coming, arrival. Schir Kduuard of his coinu wcs biyth ; And went doun to mete him swyth. Uarhoiir, xvi. 39. MS. In Pykarte sone message thai couth send, Oil Wallace com thai tald it till ane end. IVallacc, ix. 545. MS. A. S. cum, cj/me, advcutus ; Alem. qticmd, frouj qiion-aii, to come. To COME, V. n. l. To sprout, to spring; ap- plied to grain, when it begins to germinate in the ground, also when it grows in consequence of rain, after being cut down. The prep, again is sometimes added, S. 2. To sprout at the lower end ; applied to grain in the process of malting, or to that which is kept in granaries, S. " They let it acherspyrc, and shutc out all the thrift and substance at baith the ends, qulicre itsould come at ane end only." Chalm. Air, ch. 26. — Ouer graiuels great ihey take (he charge Oft turning cornc within a chamber large, (When it is dight) least it do sproute or fcede, Or come againe, or wccvels in it brecde. Hudson'' s Judith, p. 13. " Ye breed of good mawt, ye're lang a coming." Ilamsaj''s S. Prov. p. 80. The humour lies in the double meaning of the v. to come. Isl. kt'im-a, gemiinare ; Germ, icim-en, id. ; ij/m, Han, A\cm. tijmo, germen. It should have been observed under Acherspyre, that Johnson quotes Mortimer, as using acrospire in the same sense with the S. term ; also, ucrofjnred as a participle. This he derives from Gr. ait^ii;, snmmus, the highest, and tttu^x, spira. But o-n-tig* denotes a roundel or circle, a coil of ropes, &c. and does not, like Goth, tpira, refer to a sharp point. Acro!:pire seems to have been lately imported into the E. language. It was unknown to Minshcu, al- though mentioned by Philli])S. COMERWALD, adj. Hen-pecked. Cotnenca/d crawdon, nane compts the a kerss. Dunbar, Evergreen, ii. 54. st. 11. q. " Under the government of woman ;" from comer, cummer, a disrespectful term for a woman, a gossip, and A. S. Su.G. wa/d, power, authority. V. CuMMKR. COMMEND, s. A comment, a commentary. I haue also ane schorte commend compyld, To expone strange historiis and termes wy Ide. Doug. Virgil, 483. 44. COMMEND, s. .\ benefice in commendam. C O ]\I Ten tevndis ar ane trnmpe, bot gyf he tak may Ane kinrik of purisch kyrkis Cuplit with coin. mcndis. Doug, i'irgil, 239, a. II. Fr. commende, L. B. commendu, id. COMMON, CoMMOUN. To he in one's common, to be obliged to one, to be indebted, in what- ever way, S. " The Karl of Northumberland — came upon the East borders, and burnt and herried Sir George Duinbar in the same year. Sir George Douglas, brother to the Earl of Douglas, not willing to be in an English-man's commoun for an evil turn, gather, ed a company of cho-^cn men, and burnt the town of Alnwick." Pitscottie, 24. 25. — ''I am as little in your common, as you arc in mine," S. Prov. ; " spoken to people who have been rigorous to us, and exacted upon us to whom therefore wc think ourselves not obliged." Kelly, p. 228, 229. It is used in another form. A thing is said to be good one's common, when one is under great obli- gations to do it; to be i// one's common, when one, from the peculiar obligations one lies under, ought to act a very dillerent part. " Good your common to kiss your kimmer;" S. Prov. V. CUMMEU. " It is 2'// your kytes common," S. Prov. ; " that is, 1 have deserved better of you, because I have often till'd your belly." Kelly, p. 199. 2'o iptite a comoun, to requite, to settle accounts with one, to repay ; generally in a bad sense. " Unto Monsieur d'Osell, he ( Kirkcaldie) said, He knew that he wald not get him in (he skiriuische- ing, becaus he was bot ane coward : Bot it micht be that he sould quite him a comoun ather in Scot- land, or ellis in France." Knox's Hist. p. 202. These phrases seem to originate from the use of commons as signifying food, fare, diet : a term bor- rowed from religious societies in popish countries, or colleges, where there is a sort of communKy of goods. L. B. communia, bona quae in commune possiden(ur a canonicis Kcclesiae alicujus C'athed- ralis, vel quicquid ex iisdem bonis ac proventibus in commune iisdem distribuntur ; Du Cange. COMMONTIE, s. l. A common, S. Acts, pass. " The commonly, which was very considerable, was divided no( long ago." P. Johnston, Dumfr. Statist. Ace. iv. 220. 2. Community. Acts Ja. VI. Lat. communitas. COMPARGES, Houlate, i. 19. in MS. is evi- dently compaignyies, companies ; Fr. compagnie. Confess cleir can 1 nocht, nor kyth all the cas, The kynd of thair cunnyng, thir compaigni/ies eke. The maner, nor the multitude somonyt than was. To COMPEIR, Compear, v. n. \. To appear in the presence of another. " Na thyng succedit happely to Makbeth efter the slauchter of Banquho ; for ylk man began to feir his life, and durst nocht compeir quhare Makbeth, Kk 2 C () M wu." Bfllond. Cron. B. xii. c. 6. Rare ac inviti primates ad roRiain compannl, IJocth. J. To present onc'» self in a cuurt, whether civil "or ecclesiastical, in consequence of being sum- moned. It is still commonly used as to both, S. This [Kinc] la- did mh'I about this rich man ; And sent to him his ollicor, but weir, Thus liut delay bifoir him to compeir. And with him count and give reckning of all lie had of him al t) me baith grit and small. Priests Pcblis, p. 38. Compare is used in the same sense, 0. 1'. But on the morowc, Galaad and other knychtcs. Afore the kvng by one consent compared, Where Galaad made his auowcs and hyghtcs. Ilurdyng, V. 69, a. « II has been their resolution, — not to compear, knowing the Commissioner's determination to desert and leare us, as shortly he did." Baillie's Lett, i. 109. Fr. compar-oir, to appear ; Lat. compar.ere, id. Compearance, i. The act of presenting one's self in a civil or ecclesiastical court, in conse- quence of being summoned, S. " My Lords Mont^omerie, &r. took instruments, in name of the complaincrs, against the bishops, of their acknowledging their citation, of their compear. ance by their prortors, of their wilful absence iu per- son," '\:c. Baillie's Lett. i. 111. COMPER, /. The Common Fishing Frog, Lophius piicatorius, Linn. Orkney. According to Dr Barry, the Fatherlashcr, (cottus scorpius, Lin. Syst.) — is— named the com|jc;'." Ilist. of Orkney, p. 291. To COMPESCE, V. a. To restrain, to keep under. '• \Vc are much rejoiced to hear, that our ma. lignant countrymen both in the north and south, are 30 easily compcsccd." Baillie's Lett. ii. 13. •' Their enemies both in the North and South were compesced." Apologetic. Relation, p. 54. Lat. citTHpdiCO. To COMPETE, V. n. To be in a state of com- petition ; the prep, with being generally added, S, COMPLENE SONG, " Comph-ne is the last of the canonical hours, beginning at nine o'clock at night ;" Rudd. The larkh discendis from the skyis hicht, Sin!;and hir compkiie song eftir hir gise, To tak hir rest, at matyne houre to rysc. , , . Dong. Virgil, 449. 39. Instead of larlis, I. lark, as iu both JMSS. Rudd. derives this from Fr. complies, Lat. com- pletorium. But it is more nearly allied to Complcn- dac, officium Kcclesiasticiim, quod cetera diurna of. IJcia complct et claudit : unde dicitur sub noctis ini. tium ; Du Cangc in ro. They were also called C«m. plrnda, ibid. COMPLIMENT, s. A present, a gift, S. V. Sir J. Sinclair's Observ. p. He. To CoMPHME.sT one with, v. a. To present one with, S. CON To COMPONE, V. a. To settle, to calm, to quiet. '' Gif the external reverence, quhilk thou bearest till a man, bee of sik force, that it will make thcc to compone thy gesture, and refraine thy tongue, that lliou brust not forth into evill talk, quhilk may ofi'end him : how meikle mair aught the reverence quhilk wc bcare to God, — mak vs to refraine from cvill thoughts, and from wicked and filthie aB'ec- tiouns ?" Bruce's Eleven Serm. 1591. Sign. S. 2. a. Lat. compon-ere, id. To COMPONE, V. ti. To compound, to come to an agreement. (■• They in truth know how to get the King from us to themselves on their own terms, and if we be not willing to compone in what terms, both for re- ligion and state, they please, to cast us off." Bail- lie's Lett. ii. 163. CON, /. The squirrel ; A. Bor. id. Gl. Grose. I saw the Ilurchcon and the Hare, — The Con, the Cuning and the Cat, Quhais dainty downs w ith dew were wat, AVith stiff mustachis strange. Cherric and Slae, st. 3. Evergreen, ii. 99. It is used in the same sense by Burel. There wes the pikit Porcapie, The Cunning, and the Co}i all thrie, Merchen amangs the rest. Pilg. Watson's Coll. ii. 20. In the Lat. version, A. 1631, it is sciurus. The origin is uncertain. Sw. korn has the same signifi- cation ; whence perhaps it is corr. CONABILL, adj. Possible, attainable. — Qnha taiss purpos sekyrly, — ■ With thi it be conabill thing, Bot he mar be wuhappy. He sail eschew it in party. Barbour, iii. 290. MS. Acccording to Sibb. " q. can-able." But it is certainly formed from Lat. conor, conabilis, q. what may be attempted with any prospect of success. CON AND, part. pr. Knowing, skilful. A Sytyk he wes of natyowne, Conand in all discretyoune. JVi/ntov:>t, ii. 9. 34. Cunnand is used in the same sense ; from Can, to know, q. v. To CONCEALE,ti.a. To conciliate, to reconcile. Thus man to God, earth to conceale to heaven, In time's full torme, by him the Sonne was given. Morels True Crucijixe, p. 18. From Lat. concil-io, id. CONCEIT-NET, s. A fixed net, used in some rivers, S. B. V. Yair-net. To CONDESCEND, Condiscend, v. a. 1. To agree, to unite ; S. " Quhcii thir ten hyrdis var esemnit seueralie ilk ane be hym self, quhar the Samnete armye vas campit, thai ansuerit as ther captan Pontins hed giffih them command ; to the quhilk vordis the Romans gcf credit, be reson that thai al beand anc be anc examniit con. discendit in ane ansuer." Compl. S. p. 133. L. B. condcscvml.ere, consentire, alicujus sentcn- tiam sequi : Du Cauge. CON ■2. To pitch upon, to enumerate particularly, S. a term much used in our courts of Law. 1q the Gl. Compl. this sense is given to the word as used in the passage quoted above; but evidently by mistake. CONDET, CoNDicT, CoNDYT, s. Safe conduct, passport. A small haknay he gert till him be tak, Siluer and gold his costis for to mak, Set on his clok a takyn for to sc, The Lyoun in wax that suld his conikt be. IVaUace., xi. 912. MS. Coiidici, Doug. CONDY, s. A conduit, S. CONDICT, s. Conduit, passage. Ane greuous wound he hit him in the syde, Throwout his rybbis can the sty If swcrd glyde, Peirsit his coist and breistis coridicf in hy, Thare as the fataill deith is maist haisty. Doug. Virgil, 428. 29. Crates pectoris, Virg. Tent, kondiii/t, ductus, meatus ; et alveus, canalis ; Fr. conduit. CONFEERIN, part. adj. Consonant, corre- spondent, S. B. We've words a fouth, we well can ca' our ain, Tho' frae them sair my bairns now refrain. But are to my gueed auld proverb ronfcerin\ Neither gueed fish nor flesh, nor yet salt herrin'. Ross's Hcleiiore, Iiitrod. Lat. confer-re, to compare. E. conjer is used as a V. in this sense. CoNFEiRiN, conj. Considering. " I canna say I had any cause to wish the body ill, for he did gaylics confeirin." Journal from London, p. 2. Perhaps q. in a comparative point of view. CONFIDER, adj. Confederate. Algatis this may not sufferit be, Latinis confider with Troianis and Enee. Doug. Virgil, 317. 12. Fr. confeder.e-:, id. To CONFISKE, v. a. To confiscate. " He slew mony of all the riche men in his cunfre, for na othir caus, bot allanerly to conJi:a. Curried; a term appli- ed to leather. " They worke the lether before it is well Conner, ed, in great hinder and skaith of the Kingcs lieges." Chalnierlan Air, c. 22. Fr. conroy-er, corray-er, to curry ; L. B. conrea- tores, qui pelles parant. The Fr. word is probably from cuir (Lat. cor-ium) a skin, and ray-er, to scrape. CONNIE, s. PI. CONNEIS. This term in />/. frequently occurs in an abusive poem addressed to our Reformers by Nicol Burne. Ga hence then, lounis! the laich way in Abyssis, Kilt up yoarconneis, to Geneve haist with speid. In one stanza it occurs in sing. Kilt up thy Connie, to Geneve haist with speid. Chron. S. P. iii. 455. 459. Sibb. says; '< Perhaps passports ; from Ft. conge; c o X q. eonjn/<." But tho i.h'^"»' *'" "/'• *"''" <"'"i.i<''"C'l nith Ihii It-rm, does not annv wiili iho iiU:i of pass, ports, h maV iliunirv provisions; q. " tiirsc up ^ our proti-ioni for (iikin:; voiir journey fo Geneva," O. Kr. fO(iri>, from Lat. convkfiis, a feast ;— or ne- c.s.arie. in general, Fr. cnnvoi. C'onvoi d'arijent, devi«re$,&c. conmi-'alux ; irul.Trcv. AaFr. cuing, however, siKnitirs a wtnlge, and cvi^iiic a hatchet, " kill up your conmes," may have been a prover- biai ihrase, borrowed from a particular profession, ripii».il>nt to, " pack up your awls." CONN YSHONIE, s. A conversation of a silly gossiping kind. The term is sometimes used, as implying that such a conversation is carried on in whispers, S. B. We niiijht suppose this formed from Teut. koii- nigh, curiosus, stiolus ; and \choii, Alem. scoiii, pnlehor. ven\istus, aiuoenus ; q. a conversation that is enterlaininu and pleasant. But the etymology of words of this peculiar form is often extremely uncertain. To CONNOCH, V. a. V. Connach. CONNOCH,/. A disease. —The coch and the connach, the colick and the cald. Pvl::. IVdtrs Coll. iii. 13. V. Cleiks. This word may be allied to connach, v. to abuse. IIoHcver, flael. conndch is the murrain, Shaw. To CON^UACE, CoNQUES, -u. a. 1. To ac- quire, to procure, whether by art or by valour. And he yonc vther Qiiintus Metcllus Full grete honour sail conques vnto us. Doug, yirgil, 195. 46. £. To conquer, to acquire by conquest. To Bruce sen syne he kepit na connand ; H'.' said, he wald noiht go and cumiucss land Till othir men ; and thus the cass befell. Wullacc, viii. 1343. MS. 3. To purchase with money, or by means of one's own industry. " The husband may not augment his wife's dowa. rie, with lands cunijuefred be him after the mar- riage." Re;;. .Maj. Index. V. the >■. CoNQi'ACE, CoN(iyF.sE, J. 1. Conquest. Fra tyme that he had semblyt his barnage, And herd tell weyle Scotland stude in sic cace, He thocht fill hym to mak it playn conquacc. H'allacc, i. 60. MS. 2. Acquisition by purchase ; as opposed to inhe- ritance. — " The conquese of any frie roan, deceissand vest and saisrd Ihirein, without heires lawfullic gottin of his awin bodir, ascends (o him quha is before got. tin, and heritage descends be degrie." Quon. Attach, r. 97. \,. B. ronqiie'lufU ni,d in the latter sense; Fr. fonqtiol, " an estate, or purchase compassed by a inanN own industry, labour, or meanes ;" Cotgr. Qjihj'i'-' i>\ also liinquot-ir, signify not only tosub- du.', lull to purchase. COiNRYET. This word occurs in MS. Wallace, ix. 18. Bryght Phehii; is in hys chemago. The hiilys co'irss so lakin had his place, And Jujiiter waj in the crabbis face, CON Quhcn connjel the hot syng coloryk, In to the rnui qiihilk had his rowniys ryk, He cliosvn had his place and his mansioun, In Capricorn, the sygn off the Lioun. In Perth and other Edit, it is ; Quhen aiies that hot sygn coloryk Into the ram, &c. Tims the ram is made to butt against himself. What is asserted in this verse certainly respects the sun. Conn/ci may signify disposed, prepared, put in order, from O. Fr. coiircier, conreer, to prepare, w hence conroi, order of battle. V. Du Gauge, to. Ci'tirecr. COjNSTABLE, J. A large glass, the contents of which he is obliged to drink, who, in those companies who forget the salutary regulation of Ahasuerus, is said not to drink /air ; that is, not to drink as much as the rest of the compa- ny, S. This pernicious custom is now almost universally laid aside. A similar practice has prevailed in Iceland. G. Andr. mcnlions the phrase Vijla Jjkur, as signify, inga cup to be drunk at entertainments, as an atone- ment for a fault : in conviviis poculum pro piaculo vitii haiiriendum ; Lex. p. 256. This is certainly an error, for ryVa bijknr ; from vijte, blame, S. i:3j/fe, and bijkar, a c\ip, a drinking.vesscl, S. a bicker ; li- terally the li'jjlc-bicker. As the designation of constable is given to a glass of this description ; in some |)laccs, one is said, in a similar sense, to drink the sheriljf^. The corres. pondence of ideas indicates, that these terms have been originally applied, in this sense, in allusion to the office of a constable, which is to arrest, or of a sheriff, which is to punish, delinquents. The pro- priety of the allusion may indeed be questioned. For from the recourse had, in convivial meetings, to such fictitious ministers of justice, it may soon become neccsaary to call in the real ones. This custom, however, has at least the plea of an- tiquity. For it may fairly be traced back to the times of heathenism. From what we find in Snorro Sturleson's Kdda, it is evident that a punishment of this kind was in use among the Goths. " The king went into his palace to look for a large horn, out of which his courtiers were ob- liged to drink, when they had committed any tres- pass against the customs of the court." Twenty- fifth Fable, Mallet's North. Antiq. ii. 126. The learned Translator remarks ; " Our modern Bach- anals will here observe, that punishing bj- a bumper is not an invention of these degenerate days. The ancient Danes were great topers." CONSTERIE, CoNSTRY, s. But yet nor kirk nor consterie Quo' they, can ask the taudy fee. Forbes' s Dominie Deposed, p. 43. — All the ofticiallis that partis men with thair wyvis, Cum follow me, or ellis ga mend your lyvis; With all fals ledaris of the constri/ law. Lindai/, S. P. Repr. ii. 195. Corr. from consistorij, a term used in times of Popery, to denote a laceting of Bishops and Presby- CON tcrs, called upon any emergency ; afterwards trans- ft-rred to a Presbyter}', or to a parochial session. V. Book Conim. Ortler, c. 5. Fr. cons/stoire, an as. sembly of ecclesiastical persons; L. B. consistorium. To CONSTITUTE, v. a. A term generally used in S., to denote the opening of an ecclesi- astical court with prayer by him who presides in it. It is said to be constitute with prayer by the Moderator. CONTAKE, s. Contest. Bot on quliat wyse sail ceissing all this rage? Or now quhat nedis sa grete stryf and cotttake ? Doug. Virgil, 103. 10. Chaucer uses conteke in the same sense. — The open werre, with woundL-s all bebledde ; Conteke with blody kuif, and sharp manacc. Knighrs T. 2004. This word would appear to have been formed in the same manner with attack, Fr. attaquer ; only with a ditl'erent preposition. CONTEMPTION, s. Contempt. He " maid thairforc his aith to reuenge this proud contemption done be Caratak." Bellcnd. Cron, F. 33, a. Lat. contemptio, id. To CONTEYNE, ». s. To continue. The red colour, quhagraithly undorstud, Betaknes all to gret bataill and blud ; The greyn, curage, that thou art now amang, In strowbill wer thou sail contcyiu: full lang. JValUac, vii. 13S. MS. To CONTENE, v. «. To behave, to demean one's self. Schortly thai them contenyt swa, That thai with oute disparyt war, And thoucht till England for till far. Barbour, iv. 98. MS. Ye bcr honour, price, and riches ; Frcdome, weltli, and blythnes j Gyff ye conlene yow manlily. Barbour, xii. 277. MS. Fr. Se contcn-ir, to refrain, to forbear. CoNTENiNG, s. 1. Demeanour, deportment. Our all the ost than yeid the king ; And bL'held to thair confciii/iig, And saw thaim of full fayr afl'er ; OlT hardy contenance thai wer. Barbour, xi. 241. MS. V. ther. Military discipline, generalship. He to Carlele vald ga. And a quhill tharin soionrn ma, And hart" his spyis on the King, To knaw alwayis his conlenyng. Barbour, vii. 387. MS. CONTENEU, s. Tenor, design, tendency. " The seutcns andc contcneu of thyr said chep. tours of the bibil, gart me consaue, that the diuyne indignatione hed deerefit anc extreme ruuyne on cure realme." Compl. S. p. 35. Fr. Lonteini, id. CONTER. A confer., to the contrary. And what hae we a conter them to say ? The gear'll prove itsell gin we deny. Rosses Helenore, p. 91. COR This Is nearly allied to E. counter, adv. from Ft. contre, against. V. Contraik. CONTERMYT, part. pa. Firmly set against. The king ansuerd, I will nocht rid agaync, As at this tyme, my purpose is in playne. The Duk said, Gy'tfye, Schir, contermyt be, To mowf! you more it aBoris nocht for me. Commaund power agayne with mc to wend, And I oil' this sail se a finaill end. Wallace, vi. 674. MS. In Perth edit, it is ; Ye Duk said, gilT yc cnntrar mj/citt be. — Old edit., as that of 1618, come nearer the mean, iug, reading, determined. Fr. contremet-tre, to oppose, to set against. To CONTINUE, V. a. To delay. " But the Regent's death, and the troubles which thereupon issued, made all to be continued (ot thAt time." Spotswood, p. 258. This is nearly allied to the sense of Lat. conti. ncre, Fr. conten-ir, to keep back, to hold in. CONTIRMONT, adv. The contrary way. Eridanus the heuinly reuer clerc ¥\o\f\i contirmont , and vpwart to the lift. Doug. Virgil, 188. 14. Fr. conlrcmont, upward, directly against the stream. CONTRAIR, adj. Contrary, Fr. " Some, whether because they wore loth, though privily they assented to that paper, that yet it should go on in a publiek act, or being varied with a clean conlrair spirit, wore wilful to have Mr. Harry vent himself in publiek, to the uttermost of his jiassions." Baillie's Lett. i. \09. To CoNTRARE, CoNTER, V. a. To thwart, to oppose, S. O. E. id. Contraryit, part. pa. Barbour. There was na man that wald conlrare This Bischope in-til word or deyde. IVj/nluun, vi. 14. 24. His brither gae him a' his pow'r The army for to lead ; And sync fa durst anes conter him Was like to tine the head. Poems in the Buchun Dialect, p. 20. Fr. contrar-ier, id. CoNTRARE, s. I. Opposition, resistance, of any kind. The streme backwartis vpflowis soft and still ; — So that the airis mycht findin na conlrare. Doug. Virgil, 243. 4. 2. Something contrary to one's feelings, desires, or expectations. Conter, S. B. 'Bout then-a-days, we'd seldom met with cross, Nor kent the ill of confers, or of loss. Rosses Helenore, p. 92. To CONTRUFE, v. a. To contrive ; contruivity part. pa. This ilk schreuit wycht. That is contruiear of many wikkit slycht, Fenyeis him fleyit or abasit to be, That he dar not chyde furth in contrare me ; Than with his drede and sle contruzcif fere, My cry me aggregeis he on his manerc. Doug. Virgil, 377. 15. Fr. cor.frouv-cr, id. CON CovTRUWAR, s. A contriver, an inventor. V. tlic V. Fr. controuveuer, id. To CONVENE, Conveake, v. n. To agree. " Barking cm convcant- hut to living and sens!, tiui' cnaluros : but yoiir Balladcr is a living and sen. ^iliul• rn-ature: therefore, barking convcaneth to him ; and, con«eqiicntlic, bee is a dog." Forbes's r.ubuluii, \i. 111. Fr. coHvcn.ir, I^t. eonren-ire, id. CONI-YSE, CONUENE, CoNWYNE, COVYNE, Co- WYKE, CuwYN, /. 1. Paction, agreement, con- vention, treaty. — This coniii/nc and trcty new coiisaif Do brck, disturbe, and wyth the wyud bcwaif. Duiig. Virgil, 412. 30. — The maist part of our conuene and band To me sail be to twich your Kingis band. Ibid. 214. 53. Oirthar coicj/ne the thrid had thai; That wcs rycht stout, ill, and fcloune. Barbour, iii. 102. MS. i. e. They had a third person of this description engagcil in the same bond with them. Thai tauld the King olF the conicyne Oil' Jhone Cumyn Krle olf Bouchanc, That till help him had with him tanc Scbyr Jhon Moubray, and othyr ma. Barbour, ix. 14. MS. Fr. convent, id. Romm. du la Rose, from Fr. conven-ir, to agree. 2. Condition, state. In grot perell he has him doyn ; For thai war fer ma men tharin (And thai had bene oft'gud covyne) Than he; bot tliai ettVayit war. Barbour, x. 673. MS. The F,rlc off Murrcff, with his men Arayit weile, come alsua then, lu to gud coicync for to fycht, And gret will for to mantcyme thair mycht. Ibid. xi. 230. MS. The word, in this sense, seems derived from Fr. ronven.ir, as signifying to befit, to beseem. 3. Artifice, stratagem, conspiracy. Thonilyne Stwart that yhcrc, syne Erie of Angus, be cuxj/n Of the Erie I'atryk, a. pen a nycht Passyd tyl Berwyk, wyth gret mycht, But pcrsaywyn, all prewaly. IVyntoicn, viii. 42. 40. Chaur. uses cnvinc, .as denoting secret contrivan. ces ; evidenlly as borrowed from the idea of a secret bond. Oower uses it nearly in the same sense. For yet was neuer sucli couyne That couth ordeync a medicine, &c. _ „ Conf. Fo'l. 7. b. O. F r. coHt/nf , pratique, intrigue, Gl. Romm. nose ; courine, id. Fo CONVOY, V. a. To accomplish, to manage, to give effect to any purpose, especially by art- ful means. Amyd the oistis this wyse did scho thryng, Xot »nexpcrt to convoy sic ane thyng. Doug. Virgil, 416. 2. COO " A thorny business came in, which the moJcra. tor, by great wisdom, got cannily convoyed.'" Bail- lie's Lett. i. 382. This may be from Fr. convi-er, tenter, exciter, cxhorter, porter a faire quelque chose; Diet. TrcT. The phrase, " conuoyare of mariage," Doug. Virg. 217. 20. is not from this v., but from convoy.er, to accompany. Ouri'., however, may have been form, ed from the latter, used obliquely ; as designing per. sons, by accompanying those whom they mean to dupe, watch for proper opportunities of accomplish- ing their purposes. Convoy, s. l. Channel, mode of conveyance. " The General, and his party, finding some foot, steps of this intelligence, but not knowing the con~ voy of it, thought they had circumscribed the men who stood most In their ways for a year ago." Baillie's Lett. i. 427. 2. A trick. — Bot how, alace, as ye shall heir, Betrayed thame bayth with a tryme convoy. Makand his bargand with a boy, Was ower to Flanders fled and fcrreit. Bp. St Androis, Poems, I6th Cent. p. 311, CoNWOY, s. Mein, carriage. Quhen I saw hir sa trimlye dance; Hir good conxsoy and contenance : Than for hir sake I wissit to be The grytast erie, or duke, in France. Dunbar, Muitlund Poems, p. 95. COODIE, CuDiE, s. A small tub, also, «A: " a small wooden vessel used by some for a chamberpot," Gl. Rams, quiddie^ Aberd. Nor kept I servants, tales to te'.I, But toom'd my coodies a' raysell. Ramsay's Poems, i. 306. Isl. kuiie, hultinge, a vessel that contains about nine pints ; tonnula sex circiler sextarios continens ; G. Andr. Gael, ciotad, a pail, a tub. COOF, CuFE, s. A simpleton, a silly dastardly fellow; " a blockhead, a ninny ;" Gl. Burns. S. In a' he says or does there's sic a gate. The rest seem coofs, compar'd with my dear Pate. Ramsay''s Poems, ii. 80. Then sure the lasses, and ilk gaping coof, Wad rin about him, and had out their loof. Ibid. p. 143. According to the pronunciation, it ought to be written ciife. It seems originally the same with E. rhi/j; " a blunt clown ;" Johns. It has great marks of affinity to Su.G. kufvi.a, to keep under, to insult; q. one who patiently submits to the worst treatment. Isl. kueif, one who is cow- ardly and feeble; imbelle quid ac tenellum ; G. Andr. To COOK, CouK, V. n. 1. Expl. to " appear and disappear by fits," Gl. Burns. S. Whyles owre a linn the burnie plays, As thro' the glen it wimpl't; Whyles round a rocky scar it strays; Whyles in a wicl it dimpl't; Whyles glitter'd to the nightly rays, Wi' bickering, dancing dazile ; cop Whyles cookit underneath the braes, Below the spreading hazle. Burns, Hallozeeen, iii. 137. But it properly denotes the act of suddenly dis- ap|)earing, after being visible. 2. To liide one's self; used in a more general sense. All closs under the cloud of nicht thou coukks. Kennedj), Evergreen, ii. 73. s(. 32. Ir. coic is a secret ; and, if we may trust Bullet, Celt, cue, cure, Ciich, one who covers or conceals any thing. But our term is more akin to Isl. eg kvik.a, raoto, moveor ; qvika, inquieta motatio, G. Andr. p. 157. COOKIE, s. A species of fine bread, used at tea, of a round form, S. Tout, koeck, libum, Kilian, a cake made of fine flour. COOLRIFE, adj. Cool, cold ; feeling a tenden- cy to be cold, S. Her hand she had upon her haffat laid, And fain, fain was she of the coo///7^ shade. Rois's Helenore, p. 17. 2. It is also used figuratively in the sense of, in- different, S. V. Cauldrife. COOM, s. The wooden frame used in building the arch of a bridge, S. " As several of the arches approach nearly to a straight line, the frame, or coom, on which it was raised, must have sunk while it was building." P. Inveresk, Loth. Statist. Ace. xvii. 8. Allied per. haps to Qiienie, q. v, COOP, Coup-cart, s. A cart made close with boards, S. "The writer of this has been told, that in the year 1730, there were but two box-carts, or what is here called coup carts, in the parish, but at present there is no other kind made use of here." P; St Vigcans, Forfar, Statist. Ace. xii. 185. A. Bor. viuck.coop, a lime.coop, a close cart or waggon for carrying lime, &c. Gl. Grose. Sibb. mentions Teut. kopf, dolium, navigium. It may be added that as kut/pe properly denotes a large vessel for containing liquids, the idea seems to have been transferred to any thing used for inclosing. Hence Teut. kuijpe der ttad, the walls of a city, al. so the place inclosed by walls ; septa urbis, spatium urbis moenibus comprehensum ; Kilian. Isl. iuppa, Su.G. toppe, A. S. ci/fe, dolium, vas. Hence, Germ. ii/ffer, Su.G. kt/pure, Belg. kut/per, E. a cooper. COOT, s. The ancle. V. Cute. COOTH, s. A young coalfish. V. Cuth. COOTIE, adj. A term applied to those fowls whose legs are cled wtth feathers, S. Rejoice, ye birring paitricks a' ; Ye cootie moorcocks, crousely craw. Burn<, iii. 19. COP, Cope, s. A cup or drinking vessel. Ane marbre tabile coverit wes befoir thai thre ladeis. With ryche copes as I wys full of ryche wynis. Dunbar, Maitlund Poems, p. 45. Sum karvis to me curtaslie;sum me the cope gevis. Dunbar, Ibid, p, 62. COR A. S. cop, Alem. cuph, Su.G. Isl. kopp, Belg. kop. Germ, kopf, Ital. coppc, Hisp. copa, Fr. coupe, C. B. cup, Pers. cub, cobba, cubba, id. COPOUT, " To play copout," to drink oft' all that is in a cup or drinking vessel, cap-out, S. All out he drank, and quhelmit the gold on his face : Syne all the nobillis therof dranke about, (I will not say that ilk man playit copout.) Doug, f'irgil, 36. 31. V. Covan. To this correspond L. B. dc.alicator, Gr. xaraa-o. T>i;, calicura exhaustor; Gloss, ap. Du Cange. COPE, s. A coffin ; " a cope of leid," a leaden coffin. " Now bccaus the wedder was hotte, for it was in Maii, as ye have hard, and his [Cardinal Beatoun's] funerallis culd not suddantlie be prcpaiied, it was thocht best (to keip him frome stinking^ to give him grit salt yneuche, a cope of leid, and a nuck in the bottome of the Scy-tour, a plaice quhair mony of God's children had bein iniprisonit befoir, to await quhat exequies his brethren the Bischopis wald pre- pair for him." Knox's Hist. p. 65. It is the same in both AISS. and in Lond. edit. V. Caip. To COPE' hctuine, to divide. V\'e will go sc quhat may this muster mene; So Weill we sail us it cope hetuene, Thair sail nothing pas away unspyit. King Hart, i. 20. Fr. coup.er, to cut, to cleave ; Teut. kopp-eny to cut otf. COPER, J. A dealer. V. Couper. COPY, J. Plenty, abundance. Of all come thare is copi/ gret,. Pese, and atys, here, and qwhet. fVi/ntozc7i, Cron. i. 13. 5. Lat. cop-ia. Macpherson views it as formed for the sake of alliteration, as it seldom occurs. COPPER, s. A cupbearer. Mercie is copper, and mixes weill his wine. Police of Honour, iii. 58. Mr Pink, renders this cooper. It is evidently from A. S. cop, a cup. COPPIN, part. pa. Copptn in hevin, elevated to heaven. Quho that from hell war copptn onys in hevin, Wald efter thank for joy, mak vi. or vii. ? King's Quair, vi. 10. Belg. kop. Germ, kopf, the head, A. S. cop, the summit. CORANICH, Correnoth, Corynoch, Corri- NOCH, Cronach, s. 1. A dirge, a lamentation for the dead, S. And we sail serue, Secundum iisum Sarum, And mak yow saif, we find S. Blase fo broche, Cryand for yow the rairfull Corrinoch. Papingo, Lyndruy^s fVarkis, 1392. p. 208.. Grit pitie was fo heir and se The nojs and dulcsum hermonie, That evir that dreiry day did daw, Cryand the Corynoch on iiie, Alas, alas! for the Harla:ii ! Battle of Harlazc, Evergreen, i. ,78- LI C () 11 lU,. L.,n,nUl,, or singing al funerals, is slill in .„a in .omi- place.. The songs arc gci.crally m rtl ■ or a rcci Pinuant's Tour in ,;,ai.i- of .1.0 dicoascci ; or a recital of (ho valiant • . < . ■ I : *,..-L- " ji-»tl» of 111'" '"■ '"•* ;i''ti'»'"fS' Scol. 1701), p. 11-2. Ura«l) can lie lilt and sing faniy glee or lliRhhind cronach. G. Thuiii ^v)i\i S. ■S'o/i'i, IT. (Jail, roranwh. This word is ori-inally Ir., ami it di-rivtd by Obii.n from cora, a qiioir, which lie u-ainderiw-fromLat.f/iow, (vo-tvWaJ J. Used improperly for a cry of alarm, a sort ot war-cry. Re he (he Corrcnolh had done schout, Krsrhe men so gaddt rit him abont, &c. lianna/ijiw Poems, p. 30. 3. Tliii word must also have been occasionally ' used, in the Highlands and districts adjoining to them, as denoting a proclamation of outlawry by means of the bagpipe. The lond Corrinucli then did roe exile, Throw Lome, Argilc, Mentcith and Breadal- banc. Piinran Luidcr, MS. n'wion, Uht. E. P. ii. 278. CORHIE, Corby, f. A raven ; Corvus corax, Linn. S. Orkn. ; a crow, A Bor. Gl. Grose. Sir Corhi/ Raven was maid anc procitour. Jloirifwm-'i'Fah. Dog, ll'ulj andShccp, Bannaljjne MS. Gl. Cuinpl. " EagUs, curbics and crows, often do great da- mage to the corn .iiul young lamb.s." V. IXlting, Shell. Statist. Ace. i. 107. '• Ac curhie will no |)) ke out ani(her"s ccn," S. Prov. ; spoken of those of one profession, or of sinii. Jar dispositions, who m ill do all in thoir power to support each other, as far as the credit of their com- mon profession, or humour, is concerned. Fr. corbcau, Sw. Norv. korp, Ital. corvo, Lat. corv-tis, id. CoRDlE-AiTS, /./>/. A species of black, oats, dif- ferent from those called shiacis, S. B. Perhaps from their dark colour, as resembling a ravrn. CoKBir. Messexcer, a messenger who either re- turns not at all, or too late, S. Thou corby mcssingcr, epioili he, with sorrow now singis ; Thow isfhit out of Noyis ark, and to the erd wan ; Tareit as tratour, and brorht na tadingis. Iloiilale, iii. 14. MS. He send furth Corbie Mcssiiigcir, Into the air for to espy Ctif he saw ony monlanis dry. Sum sayis the Kauiii did furlh remane, And come nueht to (he ark ngaiic. I.iiml'.-xiifi H-'iirkiy, 1592. p. 41. In vulgar conversation, the phrase is improperly cxpretscd, Cothic'sMcsxcngcr. " Whrn I came to ki.ss his .Majesty's hand, I was gladly niado welcome : his M.njosty allcdging that I wat Corbie's Messenger." Mrlvil's Mem. p. 170. Thi* iirovertii.il phrase ha.s evidently had its ori. gin from the scriptural account given of the raven, COR that was sent forth from the ark, but did not re- turn. CORBIE-STEPS, s.pl. The projections of the stones, on the slanting part of a gable, resem- bling steps of stairs, S. It has been fancied that they might receive this denomination, q. steps for the eorbics, or ravens, to sit on. IJut it is cvidcnlly from Fr. corbeau, a cor- beil in masonry. CORBIT, adj. Apparently, crooked. Canker'd, ruised creature, crabbit, corbit, kittle. MaillancTs Satijr, Watson's Coll. ii. 54. Fr. coitrbi, id. coiirbetic, a small crooked rafter. CORBULYE, s. " Fine dressed leather," Rudd. But it seems rather to signify leather greatly thickened and hardened in the preparation ; such as was used for jack-boots. Weill thair semyt for to be Of corbii/ije coruyn scuin grete o\in hydls, Still" as ane biirde that stud on athir sydis. Doug. nrgil,'l4l. 9. " Roots of jacked leather, called eurboulij, (cuir houille) were also worn by horsemen. These are mentioned by Chaucer." Grose, Milit. Antiq. II. 258. CORCHAT, s. Crotchet, a term in music. The pyet with hir jiretty cot, Fenveis to sing the njchtingalis not; Hot sclio can ncvir the corchat cleif, For harshnrs of hir carllch throt. Dunbar, Bannufi/ne Poems, p. 04. St. 4. CORDYT, prct. -J, Agreed. Be suttale band thai eordj/l of this thing. Wallace, i. 84. MS. Fr. accordee. CORDON, .f. A band, a wreath. Fr. id. cor. (Ion dc chapeau, a wreathed hatband. " What are such cuts and cordons, silkes and fatins, and other such superfluous vaniefies, where- with mauie aboue their ranke and place are so dis- guised, but infallible tokens of an vnsanctified heart?" Z. Boyd's Last Battell, p. 9G0. CORDOWAN, s. Spanish leather, cordwain, Slbb. This name is still given in S. to tanned horse- leather. But it had been originally appropriated to leather brought from Cordova in Sjjain, or such as was prepared after the same manner, llence Cord- "icainer, S. and E. a shoemaker. It would appear this was the name generally given in F.urope to one who wrought in foreign leather; Fr. cordonnier, cordonaniticr ; Sw. cardini:ans~ntaLcre, a. leather- dresser. CORDS, s. p/. A contraction of the muscles of the neck ; a disease of horses. — The cords, k the cout-evil, the clasps & the cleiks. Potti'art'.s Fli/l/»g, p. 13. V. Cleiks. The word is used in this sense, Northumb. CORE, .f. A company, a body of men, often used by S. writers for corps. Clement, the Knight of Ross, appeared then, \\ ith a brave comjumy of gallant men. Took in the house of Nairn w ith that brave core. COR The Sutliron captuin slew and many more. JluinUlun's IFatldce, p. 310. CORF, J'. A basket used for carrying coals from the pit, Loth. IJclg. I^orj', (itTin. /,(»/J, Isl. koirf, Dan. Liirf, Su.G. kurg ; Lat. corO-is, id. CORF, s. " A temporary building, a shade," Lord Hailes. And with tliat wird iutil! a corf he craj), Fra liair weddir, and frobtis, him to hap. liaiiiKi/i/nc Focms, p. 114. Sibb. ^ivt'S the same sense, deriving it q. cour-hof, from Coiir. But it rather signifies a hoh", a hidini;- place ; A. S. criift, a vault, or hollow place under ground; which is the natural description of the co- vert to which a Fox would betake himself. Tcut. iroj'te, iriif/e ; Sw. Dan. iraff, id. a cave; Ital. grotta; Hisp. gruta; Fr. grot/e; which all seciu allied to Gr. k^vtttii, id. CoRF-HOUSE, s. A house or shade erected for the purpose of curing salmon, and for keep- ing the nets in, during the close season, S. B. " To be Let, — The salmon-fishings in the river Awe, near Oban, in Argyleshire, with the corf. housesy shades, \;c. belonging thereto." Edin. Even. Courant, April 21. 1804. " — He sells to the complainers his right of sal- mon-hshing — with liberty to- -build two sheals or two corfchuuscs, in the most convenient places near the said fishings, so as the same may be spread, dried, and built, without prejudice to any lea grounil be- longing to hiin." State, Leslie of Powis, v. Eraser of Fraserlield, p. 18. It has been supposed, that it is from nhitrf, q. corr. of KharJ'-huiises. IJut the term may denote Iiouses for curing lish ; perhaps from Belg. iarv-cii, because the hsli arc cut up and cured in these houses. Isl. ir/f, irauf, kriitfu. exccntero, to gut an animal, Su.G. iracjzca, iropp, ingluvies. Corff-ltuUiC, however, is used as synon. with Sheal, both signifying a hut or cottage. Et cum privilegio siccandi ct expandendi retia, ct aedificandi duas casas (Anglice, two nhieh, or two corjf'-liniiscs) in locis ina\ime idoncis, \c. Precept from Chancery, A. 1782. State, Eraser of Fraser- lield, &c. p. 307. V. Cour. CORFT, part. pa. A term applied to fish. Cor/t fish are fish boiled with salt and water, S. B. CORKY, adj. " Airy, brisk ;" Sir John Sin- clair, p. 100. S. It seems nearly correspon- dent to E. volatile. CORMUNDUiVr. 1 sail gar crop thy tongue, And thou sail cry Cormundum on thy kneis.. Keniicdj/t Evergreen, ii. 68. st. 19. i. c. I will bring thee to confess thy falsehood. It is an allusion to one of the Penitential Psalms, used in the Church of Rome, which has these words, Cor mnnditm creu in inc. CORNCRAIK, s. The Crake or land rail, Rallus crex, Linn. lie gart the Emproure troM', and trewlye behald, COR That the Corncrail; the pundareat hand, Had poymlit all his pris liors in a poynd fald, Becaus thai eite of tlie corn in the kirkland. lloiilate, iii. l'>. iSlS. The rail seems to receive this designation, because it cruiks, or makes a hoarse noise, from among the corn. Thus, in the fable here, the corn is repre- sented as his peculiar charge. The name given by Mai tin is corn-craker ; Wes- tern Isles, p. 71. In Sw. and Isl. the name crak/i is given to the crow; Alem. cracce. 15oth Junius and Wachter supjiose that the designation has its origin from the sound emitted by this bird. Its name in some parts of iNorway has some de- gree of analogy ; ugcrhocnc, q. the cock of the held; Dan. aker-rixe, q. king of the acre. The name daker.heii given by Willougliby to this bird, seems merely a corr. of the former. It has been said that it received from Linn, the appellation of crex from its cry. CORNE PIPE, s. " The fyrst hed ane drone bagpipe, the nyxt hcd ane (lipc maid of ane bleddir and of ane reid, the the third playit on ane trump, the feyrd on ane come pipe, the fyft playit on ane pipe maid of ane gait home." (.'ompl. S. p. 101. " A come pipe is a home pipe, pipeau de corne. — This, it is conjectured, is the instrument alluded to by Ramsay in his Gentle Shepherd : AVhen I begin to tune my atuck and liorn, A\'ith a' her fare she shaws a cauklrife scorn. ^Vhich he explains in a note to be " a reed or whistle with a horn fixed to it by the smaller cud." Ixitson's Essay on S. Songs, cxvii. N. CORNYKLE, s. A chronicle. Bot Malcolm gat wpon this lady brycht Scliir Malcolm Wallas, a full gentill knycht, And Wllyame als, as Conus Comykle beris in hand, Quhilk eftir was the reskew of Scotland. JVal/ace, i. 37. MS. CORP, s. A corpse, a dead body. Fr. corpfi, Dan. krup, Isl. kroppe, Germ, korpcr, id., all from Lat. corp-us, the bod}-. CoRPS-rRESENT, s. " A mortuary, or funeral gift to the church ; in recompense, as was pre- tended, for any thing that had been omitted or withheld by the deceased ; synon. with O. E. soul skott ov soul portion " Gl. Sibb. This is the account given by Mr Brand. " It is mentioned," he observes, " in the national coun- cil of Kgsham, about the year 1006." He also says ; " It was antiently done by leading or driving a horse or cow, kc. before the corpse of the deceased at his funeral." Popular Antiquities, \^. 23. " The uppermost Claith, corps-present. Clerk- maile, the Pasche-offering, Tiend-ale, and all Hand- lings ujialand, can neither be required nor reciev- ed of good conscience. First Bulk of Discipline, ch. viii. s. 2. In Knox's Hist. MS. the orthography is the same. For in INISS. the whole First Buik is in- serted; although not in editions. In Spotswood's Hist. p. 104, it is erroneously printed Corpreseni. LI 2 C O II Sir DiTid Lyudsay satirizes this oppressive cu5. tolU. V. UmAST. ,..11 Fr. corps and present.ci, q. to present the body for inlcrmcnt ; or Fr. present, a gift, F>. «• ;"«'- CORRACH, CoRRACK, /. A pannier. Itie panniers used by the Braymea in Angus are thus denominated. Tlu- tonii seems of Colhir origin. Sii.O. korg, a n.inui.r or basket. The hurdles used, in sieges for proliclini; the soldiers, are called rjjsdorg.ar,^ from ri« Tirgulium and itor', q. corrachs of rise, S. V. Him. CORRIE, /. A hollow between hills ; or rather, a lioUow in a hill ; also corehead, S. " The Currie is a small stream, — deriving its name from its source, bein? a Carrie, a Celtic term, sig- nifying a conlined cleugh or glen, of which sort is the spring of the Annan, vulgarly called the " Annan Peck;" or the Marquis of Annandale's " Ikef-stand." P. Dry'sdale, Dumfr. Statist. Ace. ix.4l9. Coiramhoni is cxpl. the vdlctj of Moni. Ibid. XX. 300. '« This place is rendered conspicuous by the tor. rici or C'lirriK of Balgla^t. They are semicircular excavations, naturally hollowed out in the western extremity of that ridge of hdls, commonly known bv the name of Campsic and Stralhblane Fells. Some of the Carries are very spacious, being more than a mile diameter." P. Killcarn, Stirlings. Ibid, xvi. 10 J. CORS, Corse, /. Market place, S. Sw. iors, id. So called from a cross being formerly e- rected there. CORS, CoRCE, CoRss, s. An animated body. The lleschc dcbatis aganis the spiritual goist, His hie curagi- with sensuall lust to law, And be the body vyctor baith ar loist. The sprcte wald up, the cars ay doun list draw. Doug, i'irgil, 355, 43. For William wichtar was of corss Than Syin, and better knitlin. Evergreen, ii. 177. st. 4. Fr. corp?, body. CORSBOLLIS,/./. Crossbows. '• And ye soldartis compangyons of veyr, mak rcddy your corsboUis^ haudbollis, fyir speyris." Compl. S. p. 64. CORSES, s. pi. Money. My purs is [maid] of sic anc skin, Thair will na cor^e^ byd it within. Dunliar, liannaljnc Poems, p. 68. Thus denominated from the form of the cross an. cicntly impressed on our sIIvlt money. CORSSY, adj. Bigbodied, corpulent ; gravem Osirim, Virg. On siclyke wyse this ilk chiftane Troyane The cors>if pasand Osiris h.' has slaiic. Voiig. I'irgil, 4i6. 18. V. CoRs, o. CORS Y BELLY, s. A shirt for a child, open before ; an infant's first shirt, S. B. Ross thus describes a vulgar superstition. A clear brunt roll wi' the hit tongs was ta'cn Frae out the ingle-mids fu' clear and clean. COS And throw the corsy-belli/ Ictten fa, For fear the wecane should be ta'en-awa. Ross's Helenorc, p. 13. Q. a -hirt that is folded across the belly. CORTER, s. 1. A quarter, Aberd. corr. from quarter. 2. Also a cake, Aberd. ; so called because quar- tercd. " I believe an honester fallow never brack the nook o' a eortcr, nor cuttit a fang frae a kebbuck." Journal from London, p. 1. CORUIE, s. A crooked iron to draw down buildings. Here crokcd Comics, fleeing brydges tall. Their scathfull Scorpions, that rnynes the wall. Hudson's Judith, p. 33. Fr. courb-cr, coitrv-er, to crook, bow, bend; hence, corbeau expl. " a certainc warlike instra. ment ;" Cotgr. CORUYN, s. A kind of leather. Thair semyt for to be Of corbulye coriij/ii seuin grete oxin hydis. Doug. Virgil, 141. 9. Corr. from Cordoxsan, q. v. COSCH, CosHE, /. A coach ; Fr. coche, pro- nounced soft. Then Empriours and Kings sail walk behinde. — As men defait, cled all in dullfuU black, In coschis traynd with slander, schame and lack : Thair children yong, and menyonis in a rout, Drest all in dale sail walk thair cosch about. Hume, Chron. S. P. iii. 382. " The moycn that hce useth against these, is tauld in the end of the 6. verse, he strikcth them with a deadlie sleepe, with sik a sleepe, that the ridar was als deade as the co.s/if. I will not insist ; the chariot is here placed for the ridar." Bruce's Eleven Serm. 1591. Q. 7. a. Su.G. kusk. Germ, kutsche, Belg. koetse, id. Wachter derives the term from kutt-en, tegere ; Lye, the Belg. name from koet^-en, cubare, as properly signifying a couch. Callander, in his MS. notes on Ihre, says that the coach was invented by the Scy- thians. To COSE, Coss, Coiss, v. a. To exchange, to barter. Coss is still used. Loth. I trow in warld was nocht a bettir Knycht, Than was the gud Graym otT trewth and harde. ment. Teris tharwith fra Wallace eyn doun went. Bruce said, Fer ma on this day we haitf losyt. Wallace ansuerd, Allace, thai war ewill cosyt. IVullacc, X. 470. MS. i. e. " It was a bad exchange ; Grahame b^-ing of more value than all who fell ou the English side." The sense is lost in the old edit, in which it is, Allace, they were ill cost — unless this be an abbrev. of co^il, then in use. The traist Alethes "\\ ith him hcs helmes cosit, and gaif him his. Doug. Hrgil, 286. 33. Coss a doc, a phrase commonly used among chil- dren. Loth. i. e. exchange a piece of bread, as a bit of oat-meal cake for wheaten bread. 1 COS c o Phillips mentions scoss or scottrce, as an old word, used in this souse. But it seems now to be provin. cial. Grose accordingly gives scarce, or scouce^ id. as used in the I'.xnioor dialect. lliidd. derives co^e from A. S. ceos-an, to choose, because an exchange, he says, is a sort of mutual or alternate election. Su.G. Ica-a, kiu.i-a, Belg. kics- eii, MoesG. kius-an, id., which appears in its oppo. site us-kius-an, to reject, to reprobate. I have not observed, however, that any one of these terms occurs as denoting exchange. This is the sense of Su.G. kj/f-a, (on which word Ihre observes that cose, S. has the same signification,) also of kaut-en, used in Thuringia. Hence, CossiNG, CoissiNG, s. The act of exchanging. " Bo:e — signifies compensation, or satisfaction; — and in all excambion, or costing of landes or geare moTcablc." .Skene, Verb. Sign. vo. Uotc. Sic coissing, but lossing, All honest men may use • ']"hat chinige now were strange now, Quod Keason, to refuse. Cherrie and Slae, st. 57. To COSE. Then meekly said the lady free To Sir l"'geir. Now how do ye? I rede ye be of counsel clean, Ye will not cose. Sir, as I ween. I think your love be in no weir; Therefore 1 rede you make good cheer. Sir Egeir. The meaning is uncertain. Shall we suppose the term, in this application, allied to Tent, koos-en, to Hatter? Or is it used as before; q. " you will not change your mind." COSH, adj. 1. Neat, snug ; as denoting a com- fortable situation, S. The gudeman, new come hame, is blyth io find. Whan he out o'er the halland flings his een, That ilka turn is handled to his mind. That a' his housie looks sae co^h and clean. Fergussoit's Poems, ii. 55. 2. Quiet, without interruption ; a cosh cracky S. a conversation free from disturbance. lie lighted at the ladye's yate, And sat him ou a pin ; And sang fu' sweet the notes o' love, Till a' was cosh within. Minstrelsy Border, iii. 9. 3. In a state of intimacy ; They are very cosh. In a similar sense it is said. They are sitting very cosh, or cosh/y ; they are sitting close or hard by each other, as those do who are on a familiar footing, S. Sibb., without any proper reason, derives it from Fr. coy, quietus. The term, as used in the last example, might seem borrowed from Ir. ifotVA, hard by, near: or as de- noting intimacy, allied to Belg. iooz-en. Germ, kos- eii, in licb-kosen, to fawn, to cajole, Su.G. kusk.a, to sooth by fair speeches, Isl. id. to persuade, to en- tice ; E. cozen. But the sense first given is most probably the primary one. The word, in this ac- ceptatioDj nearly corresponds to Isl. kius, kuos, a small place that is well fenced ; angusfus locus oi circumseptus, quasi vas; G. Andr. p. 157. O. Teul. toys.cn, koos-en, however, is rendered, coire, for- nicari ; Kilian. CosHLY, adv. Snugly, S. It's i' the I^salms o' David writ. That this wide warld ne'er should flit, But on the waters cosldy sit. Fergasson^s Poems, ii. i1. COSHE, s. A coach. V. Cosch. COSIE, CoziE, adj. Warm, comfortable, snng, well-sheltered, S. To keep you cosic in a hoord. This hunger I with ease endur'd. Ramsay'' s Poems, i. 305. Then canie, in some cozie place, They close the day. B!ir?is, iii. 89. — Cozie here, beneath the blast, Thou thought to dwell. Tu a Mouse, Ibid. p. 147. This seems radically the same with cos/i, as used in the first sense. CosiELY, adv. Snugly, comfortably, S. While to my cod my pow I keep, Canty and cosicly 1 lye. Ramsay^s Poems, i. 74. I in the bield of yon auld birk-free side, — Right cozy lie was set to ease ray stumps. Well hap'd with bountith hose and twa-sol'd pumps. Slarrat, Ibid. ii. 389. COSINGNACE, s. l. A relation by blood, a cousin. " l'"enella was ane tender cosingnace to Malcohne Duf afore slanc be Kenneth." Bellend. Cron. B. xi. c. 10. jMulta necessitudinc con/wnc/a, Boeth. 2. A grand-daughter ; or perhaps a niece. " Attoure Uoldosius Sonne to the crle of Nor- tumbirland sal haue kyng Williamis cosingnais in manage." Ibid. B. xii. c. 10. Ncptem, Boeth. Formed from Lai. consanguineus, a kinsman; perhaps through the medium of Fr. cousinage, con- sanguinity. To COSS, V. a. To exchange. V. CosE, COST, .f. Side. V. CoisT. COSTAGE, s. Expence. The purpour flouris I sail skattir and pull. That I may straw with sic rewardis at leist My neuoes saule to culye and to feist, And but proffit sic costage sail exorce. Dong. Virgil, 197. 55. To COST AY, V. n. To coast, to go or sail by the side of. Thai forrayid noucht fere in the land, For thai war costayid nere at hand. IVyntozen, is. 7. 25. COSTIL, Wallace, ii. 64. V. CoisT. COSSNENT, s. A servant or labourer is said to work at cossnent, when he receives vfages without victuals, S. This, by some, is resolved into cost neat, q. the neat cost, the price of labour in money, without any thing additional. This seems very doubtful; especi. c o U ally from llic iuvcrM..ii not l>ciiig louuiion in our lan- . •. a» »cn as Ihf support (laiitit|uit> ol the iiliia»i-, ... iifit coil U niod.iii. rill' oii.:;iii, Iioh- . ». I. 1-. .niilo obMiiro. M.i) it b.- from IViit. koit 1u.h1, uiuI H,cn, tho negative pJ'lKl*-; a< dinoliiig that iiu Uwd is giTi-ii accortliiig to u bargain of tins kiiiil? J"o tK^T, v.n. To cot with one, to cohabit, to ilwcll in ilic same house, S. B. Q. to livi" ill the same CO/; unless allied toSii.G. h'tli; a friend. CO'Fl'AR, Cotter, s. One who inhabits a cot or cottage, S. •• Lpuii llie dilVerenl farms, a cottager, or, as he i> couiiiiouly called, a iolter. is kept for each plough euiployed on the farm."' 1'. Ceres, J-'ife, Statist. \.c. V. 3S3. I'eriions of this description possess a house and small garden, or small piece uf land, the rent of wliie li (hey are bound to pay, either to a landlord or a farmer, b> labour fur a certain luiuiber of day«, or at certain fea^on^. This custom is a reliciue of (he service of the xilluiii. The service itself is still called bondage. I,. B. colai-iw, collur.ius, colcr-ius, Fr. cottier, held, or holding, by a servile, base, and ignoble tenure. Hence S. coHcrmuii, colterfoui, contemptu- ously fu//cr-it>< byvorc the heye wened ybured there ywys, .\nd of the hous of Teukesbury tliiilkc cuiicnl ys. R. Glum: p. 433. I am Wrath, quod he, I was sometyme a Fryer, And the cuurntcs gardiner, for to graften inipes; On Limitours and Legisters le^ynges I impetl. F. PlotighiiiHii, F. 12. p. 2. Ilcncc the name of Covcnt-gardcii in London ; i. e. the garden which belonged to a certain convent. In S., cuivin is still used for convent. 'I'luis at Arbroath ihcre is a place railed the Vaivin'x kirk, i/iinl. that is, the churchyard belonging to the con. rent. COUDIE, /7^-. V. Coi'TH. COU.\TY.SE, COVETISE, COVVATYSS, S. 1. Co. vetousness. Ill thi* -ense it is frequently used by Doug. Ann. ciii/rf/ii, O. Fr. couvoifiic, id. J. It is used, somewhat obliquely, as denoting ambition, or the lust of power. 'I'han wes the land a quhile in pess. Uot couali/ss, that can nochl cess C O U To set men apon felony. To ger thaiin cum to senyowry, Gert Lordis oil' full grct rcnoune Mak a fell coniuracioun Agayu Robert, the douchty King. Barbour, xix. 2. MS. Coiictise is also used in O. E. It occurs in a very remarkable passage in P. Ploughman, which has this colophon, lloxs couetiic of the clcargi/ istjll destroy the chuich. For couetUe after crossc, the crown standes in golde, I5oth rych and religious, that rode they honour Tliat in grotes is granen, and in golde nobles. For coucious of tliat crosse, men of holy kyrko Shall turne as templers did, the time approcheth nerc : Wyt ye not ye wysc men, how tho men honoured More treasure than trouth, I dare not tell the jothe. Reason and ryghffuU dome, the religious demcd. Ryght 60 you clarkes for your couetise cr longe Shal they demc Dos Ecvlesie, and your pride de- pose. Dcposuil potentcs de sede, &c. If kiiyghthodc and kyndewyt, & commune by conscience To gyther loue lelly, leucth it well ye byshoppes, The lordsliyi)s of landes for euer shall ye Icse, And lyue as Lcuitici, as our Lorde you teacheth. Per primilias el decimas, &c. Fol. 85. a. b. It is a singular fact, that, in difl'erent countries, poets have been the first to lash the corruptions of tlie chnrch, and have in some respects laid the foun. dations of that Reformation, the happy eflects of ■v\liieli we now enjoy. It has been asserted, that Sir David Lyndsaj' contributed as much to tlie Reforma. lion in Scotland, as John Knos. Although this as- sertion is not consonant to fact, it cannot be denied (hat, in consequence of the severe attacks which Sir David made on the clergy, the minds of the people were in so far prepared for throwing otV their galling yoke. It is well known (hat iioctry, in another form, was subservient to the interests of the Reformation in France. The charms of Clement Marot's verse, in his beautiful translation of many of the Psalms, ditlnsed their inlluence even in th& gay court of Francis 1., and rendered those partial to the Refor- mation, who perhaps were not intlncnced by any superior motive. Although the Reformation was crushed in Italy, similar exertions had been made in that country, first by Dante, and then by Petrarch. V. Catalog. Test, p.' 721. 770. COUBRdUN, adj. A coubroun qucnc, a laichlv lurdane; OH' Strang wcsche sheill tak a jurdane, And seltis in the ])y!efat. Lj/ndsai/, S. P. R. ii. 1 93. V. Wash. Perhaps q. corc-.t;oK;H, as respecting her appear, ance; or coic.born, as it is still said of a low-born person, brous;ht up in the biirc, L. gijlefat. COUCHER,.. A coward. " It is good, ere the storm rise, to make ready c o u all, and to be prepared to go to the camp with Christ, socing he will not keep the house, nor sit at the fire side with couchcrs." Rutherford's Lett. P. I. ep. 65. From the E. v. couch, Fr. couch-cr. COVE, s. A cave, S. A. Bor. " K} iig Constantyne wcs taiie and broclit to ane cove, bcsydc the see, cjuhare he was heidit the xm ycir of his n;igue." Bcllend. Cron. U. x. c. 17. A. S. cofe. Is), kojc, Su.G. kofica, Germ. Bclg. ioiizce, id. COUGHT, for couth. Could. Out of hcvin the hie gait caught the wif gaiiig. Paik. S. P. Rep. iii. 142. COUHIRT, s. C'rawdoncs, couhirts, and theifs of kynd. — Dunbar, Maitland Pucms, p. 109. It seems uncertain wliether this be for cowards, as connected with crazcdones ; although it may simply signify co-u3-herds as conjoined with theifs, q. stealers of cattle. Teut. koe-hcrde, koerd, koord, bubulcus. To COUK. V. Cook. To COUK, V. n. A term used to denote the sound emitted by the cuckoo. The coukow cuuks, the prattling pycs To geek hir they begin. Chcrric aud Slac, st. 2. COULIE, CowLiE, s. 1. A boy, S. This is the common, and a|iparently the original, signification ; allied perha))S to Su.G. kuU oli'spring ; whence kullt a boy, kulla a girl, llisp. chiila, a male child, evidently acknowledges this Goth, origin. C. A term applied to a man in the language of contempt, S. JJut these who are long in abuse. And have drunk in some childish use, Are verj' fair to keep that stain. Some coward coulie of this strain. Come moved [commoved] by some schoolish toy. Ran rampant on a schotlar boy, Did tear and graip him with his claws, — For somewhat did concernc the Pope Canonized at Edinburgh crosse. Cleland's Poems, p. 77, 78. This refers to the burning of the Pope in elTigy by the students of the university of Edinburgh, Dec. 25, 1G80. The coi:ard-cou/ic seems to be Sir Wil- liam Paterson. V. Wodrow's Hist. ii. 218, 219. Some Coiclics murders more with w ords. Than Trowpcrs do with guns and sw ords. Ck'laiid's Poems, p. 112. Siclike in Pantheon debates, Whan twa chiels hae a pingle ; E'en now some couli[_e'\ gets his aits, An' dirt wi' words they mingle. Fergusson''s Poems, ii. 54. COULPE, s. A fault. " Ve sal carye no thing furtlit of this varld bot the coulpe of our synnis, or the meritis of our ver- tu." Compl. S. p. 242. Fr. coulpe, Lat. culp-a. COULPIT, part. V. o u Alace that ever Scotland sould have bred Sic to [its] awin dishonour, schame, and greif ; That, nuhen ane nobiluian wes thaiito lied, At iicid to scik some succour and relief, Sould have bene coulpit twyse! First be ane thcif; Then be Lochleviu, qiiho did Ihre ycir him keij) : Quho gat greit gaine to save him from mischeif, Syne sould him to the skambils lyik aiie scheip. jSIuidaiid Puems, p. '229. Explained sened upon. Pink. But there is no reason to think that this is the meaning. It may signify, " treated as a culprit, made to sufler inju- rious treatmcnl," by a liberal use of Fr. coulp.er, to find fault with, tax, reprehend. But perhaps coulpit is rather used for coupit, I being often in- serted in this manner. Thus the sense would be, bartered, sold ; as sould is afterwards used. V. Coup. To COUNGEIR, V. a. To conjure. '• (iuha brekis the secund [with Protestants, the third] coumiaud ? — Thai that abusis the name of God, to cou/igcir the deuil be iuchantmenfis, be cxpresse or priuat pactionis with him." — .\bp. Ila- miltoun's Catechisnie, 1351, Fol. ,S2. a. Hence, CouNGERAR, CowNGERAR, s. A conjiyei:. •' Oft fymes geir tynt or stowin is gettin agaac be coiciigcrars.'' Ibid. Fol. 21. b. COUNYIE, s. In dance thay war so slaw of ftit, They gaif thamc in the fyro a licit, And maid them quicker of cou/iijie. Dunbar, Uannufijuc Poems, p. 29. st. 7. '• Quicker of cunning or apjirehension ; or per- haps, (piicker of coin, of circulation or course;" Lord llailes. But the last idea supposes Dunbar to use a very unnatural metaphor. It may either be from Fr. coigu-cr, cogn-er, to beat, to strike, as re- specting the increased quickness of motion. Or we may view the poet as referring to what he had al- ready said in the same stanza. Having compared Siceirnes or Indolence to a sow, he adds ; Full slepy wes his grunyie. i. e. grunt. Afterwards he exhibits the same ho. nourable personage as served by a number of drones ; and the eli'ect of the a[iplication of fire to their feet, was their being more active in grunting, less slept/ than before. For counijie may be viewed as synon. with grunijic, from O. Fr. coin, coign, the cry or grunting of pigs, Cotgr. COUNT, s. An accompt ; Hence, Count-look, a book of accompts ; Counting, arithmetic, S. To COUNTERFACTE, v. n. To counterfeit. " Diverse the subjects of this rcahne, he wicked- lie, and contempteously purchased the said Papes Bulles, dispensations, letters and priviledgcs at Rome, or hes caused coiinlcrfacte the samin in Flanders or uthers parts ; — as alswa, sum nthers hes purchased, or counterjaicled giftes and provisions of benefices." Acts Ja. VI. 1572. c. 51. Murray. Fr. contrefaire, id. part, cuntrefaict ; Lat. contra and fac-cie. COUNTYR, CowNTiR, s. l. Encountre. At the first counti/r into this bargane Almon Tyrrheus eldest son was slane. Doiig. Virgil, 226. 17. c O U 2. A division of an army engaged in batde. Wall. Till- V. is al)tiiii;cd In Ihc same inanmr from the Fr. To COUP, Cowr, t*. u. To exchange, to bar- tcr, S. Sometimes it includes both the idea of buying and of selling ; as " to coup cattle," to buy in order to sell again. A. n. coup, Yorks. Norf. cope, id. Su.G. koep.a not only signifie-i to buy, but to barter; kopajordi Joril, to exchange one pioce of land for another. A. S. uup denotes cattle. The v. ccap~an, to bu» might bo derived from tills, as Lai. pcciinia, mone} , from pcciis catlle ; because among barbarous nations rattle are the (jrimary article of barter. 'Ihis reason, however, is ca) able of being iuTcrted. The ancient Lariiis gave the name of CrtM/)0, not only to one who sold wines, but to him w'ho sold goods of any kind ; whence cauponari, to make merchandise in general. Coup, /. l. Exchange, S. Yil hou|) hin^s be ane hair, Houping aganes all hoiip ; Albeit from cair to cair Thow catche my hairf in coup. Maitlaiid Poems, p. 264. 2. The hail coup, the whole of any thing, the entire quantify without diminution, S. This phrase is evidently derived from the idea of a bargain, and must originally have signified " the whole purchase, or barter." Colter, Coper, t. 1. A dealer, a chafFerer. " They are forebuycrs of quiicit, bear, and aitcs, ropcrii, sellers, and turners thereof in raerchandices." Chalincrlan Air, c. 21. s. 3. This term is now generally used in composition, as :i hor^ccuuper, a jockey, one who buys and sells horses ; a coiccoiiper, one who deals in cows, S. ; from coup, v. to barter. " The horse which our calipers had bought at Morton fair, were arre>^(ed many of Ihem by the -Mayor of Newcastle." Uaillie's Lett. i. 85. - " Xo^are they, in any way, a match for horse- rotciirr.t, cuic.coicpers, — the people that farmers hare to deal with." V. Leslie, Fifes., Statist. Ace. »i. U, .N. C. Applied to one who makes merchandise of souls. '* If the way revealed in the word be that way, we then know, Ihise soul-coitpers and frafiickers •hew not the way of salvation." Rutherford's Lett, 1'. iii. ep. 66. To COUP, Cowp, V. a. To overturn, to over- set, to tumble over, S. *' 'i'he pure woiu.in perceaviug him so bent, and thai he sloiipil ilown in hir lub, for the talking funh .)f sick siulle as was within it, (irst coiipit up hi»h(illes,solhal his held went down." Knox, p. 203. " lie has coicp'il the mickle dish into the lillle ;" S. I'ror. " The jest is in the dilferenl significations of the word co:cp, whirh signifies to buy and sell grain, cattle. Ace. and to turn one thing upon ano. ther ; spoken when people have fain behind in deal- ing." K.lly. p. ui. V. the f. «. To Cour, I', n. To overset, to tumble, S. c o u The whirling stream will make our boat to coup, Therefore let's passe the bridge by Wallace' loup. Muses Thrctwdie, p. 136. This seems radically the same with Germ, kipp-cn, nutare, inclinari ad terram, auf dcr kippc steheii, pioniim esse ad lapsum, in discriniinc lapsus versari ; Wachter. This he derives from Gr. Kwr'ut vergere, propcndcrc. But it Is certainly more directly from kippe, kipf, also kopf, a|)ex, summitas. One, how. ever, might sujiposc that it had some afiinity to Sw. gupp.a to rock, to lilt up : liaatcn guppar, the boat rocks or pitches, q. is in danger of being overset ; Wideg. Coup, Cowp, s. l. A fall, S., sometimes ««/>- fh, S. B. Stand by the gait : lat se if I can loup. I mon run fast In dreid I get a cuj^p. Lyndeij/'t- S. P. Rcpr. ii. 158. 2. A sudden break in the stratum of coals, S. " The coal in this district is full of irregularities, stiled by the workmen co'ipy, and hitches, and dykes. — These coups and hitchc, — are found where the strata above and below the coal suddenly approach, or retreat from each other, by this means couping the coal out of its regular bed." P. Campsie, Stir- lings. Statist. Ace. XV. 329. COUPLE, CuPFiL, s. A rafter, S. — Twenty cuppil he gave, or ma, To the body of the kyrk alsua. IVj/ntozi'H, ix. 6. 163. " The oak couples were of a circular form, lined with wood, and painted in the taste of the times." P. Cupar-Fife, Statist. Ace. xvii. 140. C. B. kupul tij, tignum, a rafter of a house, a beam. It is observed, Gl. Wynt. tliat rafters are " so called from being in pairs or couples." It is favourable to this idea, that C. B. kuplysy signifies to join or couple. Heb. bas, kebel, compes, co- pula; h'z.O cabal, duplicare. To COUR, V. n. To stoop, to shrink, to crouch, S., COiiW, E. Chaucer writes coure. KInges mote to him knclc and coure. PI. T. V. the etymon, vo. Curb, 2. To COUR V. n. To recover. V. Cower. COURCHE, s. A covering for the head, a kerchief, S. Curcbey, Dunbar. A roussat goun of her awn scho him gaif Apon his weyd, at couryt all the layff, A soudly courche our hed and nek leit fall. Wallace, i. 241. MS. The courch, or as also denominated, S. B.courtsei/, is thus defined by a friend : " A square piece of linen used, in former times, by wonien, instead of a cap or mulch. Two corners of it covered the ears, one the neck, and another the forehead. The latter was folded backwards." It must anciently have been of a dirtcrent form, from the dcscriiition given of it in an old act of I'arliament; jirobably resembling what is now called a lay. The act respects the wives and daughters of commounis and pure gentill men, with the exception of persons '» constitute in dignitie, as Alderman, C O V Baillio, or rthcr gude worthj' men, (hat ar of tlic coiinsall of the towiio." " That tha} m.ik tiiair wyfis and ilouchters —be abilycit ganaiid and corri-spondand for thair estate, that is (o say, on thair hcidis schort coiircht')', ■with lytil hiiilis, as arvsit in Flanders, Ingland, and Tther ctintreis." Acts Ja. 11. 1437. c. 78. Edit. 1366. " Cleanliness is couthic, said the wife, qiihcn she turned her foi/ixh^," S. Prov. Fr. couvre-chi'f, a cuverinj for the head. COURERS, CuRERs, s. pi. Covers, Gl. Sibb. COUT, CowT, s. A young horse, S. corr. from colt. Hence, CoUT-Evii,, s. Properly colt-evil, a disease in- cident to young horses; E. strangles., in which the maxillary glands swell so much as to threaten strangulation ; Border, Nortlnimb. — The Cords, and the Cout-evit, the Clasps, and the Cleiks. Policurf. \ . Clkiks. COUTCHACK, s. The clearest part of a fire, S. B. " The first was a lieftenant o' a ship, a saucy, swaek, young fallow, an' as guid a pint-ale's man as ere becked his fit at the coiilchucl; o' a browster wife's ingle." Journal from London, p. 1. The tirst syllable seems allied to Teut. koiid, warm. COUTCHIT, part. pa. Laid, inlaid, stuffed. Thair sejiiyt for to be Of corbulye coruyn seuin gret oxin hydis, Stitf as ane burd that stud on atliir sydis, Stuffit and coutchit full of irne and lede. Doug. Plrgil, 141. 11. Fr. couch-er., to lay. In this sense Chaucer uses the phrase '•' couched with perles," v. 2130. COUTH, aux. V. Could. A gyrd rycht to the King he coiifli maik, And with the ax hynj our straik. Barbour, v. 629, MS. He wes a man of gret bownto, Honorabil, wys, and rycht worthy : He couth rycht mckil of cumpany. IVijutoicn, viii. 42. 182. Properly rendered in Gl. '• lie could bring many followers to the field." This is also used in \V'allace and by Douglas, and in the same sense by Rob. Glouc. and K. de Brunnc. V. Tynsale. Tills seems to bo the A. S. pret. culhe, novi, from cunn-an, nosrere, as originally used to denote abi- lity of mind, or knowledge, and thence transferred to power in a general sense. COUTH, part. pa. Known. Pergfiinca I nemyt it, but bade, Our folkis than tiat warren l)lith and glad, Of this couth surname our new ciefe. Exhort I to graith hous, and leif in lee. Doug. Virgil, 71. 50. A. S. cuth, id. COUTH, s. Expl. "enunciated sound ; a word." O, blessins on thy couth, lord John j Wecl's mc to sec this day : c o u For micklc hae I done and dreed ; But wecl does this repay. .Jamieson's Popular Ball. i. 125. ••He refers to Gael. cuth. I have not met with the word elsewhere. It is probably peculiar to .Morav. But it is more probably of Gotii. origin, as allied to Isl. qi:uede, syllaba, qu:cd-a, Su.G. quaed-a, effari. dieere, to speak. COUTH, CouTHY, CouDY, adj. i. Affable, agreeable in conversation, frank, facetious, fa- miliar, S. Kamsay uses couth in this sense. Nor will North Britain yield for fouth Of ilka tiling, and fellows couth To ony but her sister South. Poems, ii. 419. Fu' wecl can they ding dool away, Wi' comrades couthjj. Fcrgusson's Poems, ii. 45. Heal be your heart, gay couth ij carle, Lang'niay ye help to loom a barrel. Rams(ij/'s Poems, ii. 340, 2. Loving, affectionate, kind, S. And sayd, God-speid, mj- son, and I was faiu Of that couth word, and of his company. Ileurijsonc, Evergreen, i. 187. st. 7. Of the nuts on HuUmcceii, it is said, Some kindle, coulhie, side by side, An' burn thegither trimly ; Some start awa' wi' saucy pride, An' jump out-o«rc the chimley Fu' high that day. Burns, iii. 128. Here the adj. is used for the adv. 3. Comfortable, giving satisfaction. Jlis pantry was never ill-bodcn ; The spcnee was ay couihie an' clean. J am/esonls Popular Ball. i. 293. A mankie gown, of our ain kintra growth. Did mak tlieni very braw, and unco couth. A tartan plaid, pinn'd round their shoulders tight, Did mak them ay fu' trim, and perfect right. Gallo(/(/;^', facetus, jueundus ; Kilian. Isl. huediu, salutare, valedicere. Isl. kicidr is nearly al, lied to sense 1. Testitiealio familiaris incolatus, qued, saluto, valedico, qiicdia, salutatio; G. Aiidr. _ p. 155, 156. CoUTHiLY, adv. Kindl\, familiarly, S. M m c o w Ai thc7 drew near, they heard an eldcrin dcy, Singiiig full swt-et at milking of her Vy ; la by they come, «nd hailUt her coulhili/. Rois'i Helenoie, p. 70. CouTHiVESS, CoUDiKESs, s. Facetiousncss, fa- miliaritv, kindness, S. COUTTERTHIRL, /. The vacuity between the c-u>ter and the ploughshare, S. V, Thirl. TOUTS. V. SuMMF.R-Cours. To COW, *. (I. 1. To poll tlie head, S. " They had thair hodls ay cozcif. as the Sivanycar- tif Y«is hot ony hoiiot or fuiicr Ics than ihay Mar trublit with iiilirmile. Nano of thaVin throw ythaiid ro.v«H* of thiir hedis grew bcld." btUciid. Dcscrip. Alb. c. 16. This is the translation, instead of capi- tibus lon>i', Boeth. Yc par us trow that all our hcids be cora't. Philot. St. 67. Pink. S. F. Rtpr. i. This alludes to the Prov., " Wad yc gar me trow that my head's coi^'d^ when ne'er a sheers came cn't ?" Ilain^ay, p. 74. 2. To clip short, in general. Where we clip, (juoth the Cummers, there needs iia kanio ; For we have height to Malio«n for handsel this hair : They made it like a scraped swyne ; And as they coxc'd they made i( quhryne. PoUcart, IVatioii's Coll. iii. 19. 3. To cut, to prune, to lop off. A cow, which wants the horns, is said to be cozcil^ S. A. Bor. Su.O. ktillig, Isl. kollotr, C. B. hcla, qui eornibus caret. For the origin, V. Coll, v. The name of an old S. song, mentioned in Compl. S. was " C'ok thou nic the rashes grenc." W icx). To totr out, to cut out. I'd fret w ac's nie ! to see thee lye Beneath the bottom of a pye ; Or coic'd out page by page, to wrap Up snuff, or sweeties, iu a shap. liamsaifs Poem.", ii. 581. 4< To consume as food, to eat up, S. " Welcome, auld carl :" said the Captain ; Aiild iTiiikil carl, wi' your fat yow ; It wcel will saur wi' the good brown yill ; And the fovir spawls o't 1 wat wc's co»." " The spawls o' it gin y*" should coic, 111 will 1 thole to brook the wrang." Jumkmin's Popid. Pull. ii. 169. 170. 5. To be foteiV, to be bald, to have little hair on the head. Weil couth I claw his cruik bak, and keme his coicit nodil. Dunbar, Muitland Poems, p. 54. 16. It occurs in one instance, as signifying shaven j applied to the Roman tonsure. These 1 shall Call acts that's preter-scriptural ; — Imposing nouk'd caps, and coxi'd heads, The wearing relicts, cross, or beads. Cleland'i Poems, p. 88. Isl. kol/.r cranium- item, tonsum caput; G. Andr. p. 149. COW T. It is often used metaph. S. like E. snib. The like of you, • • Superior to what's mean, Should gar the trockling rogues look blue, And cow them laigh and clean. Ramnti/'s Poems, ii. 401. V. Cadie. Sometimes the phrase is completely figurative ; as, rilcoici/oiir horns for yon, i. e. I will abridge your power. The r. COW, to dejircss with fear, (common to S. and E.) seems to he radically different. Dr Johns, preposterously derives it from coward, by conlr. although this is evidently its own diminutive. Its origin is certainly Su.G. iiifzc-a, Isl. id., also Ai/"--rt, supprimere, insultarc. "\ . Ihre in vo. 1. A twig or branch of any shrub wisp ; as a broom cow, a twig Cow, Kow, s. or plant, a of broom, a heathercow, a twig of heath, S. Sone, after that ane lytil, came the king With monic man can gladclie sport and sing ; Ane C02C of birks into his hand had he, To keip than wcil his face fra midge and fle. Priei^ts Pcbl. Phik. S. P. R. i. 21. " It is a bare moor, that he gaes o'er, and gets na a cou- ;" Ferguson's S. Prov. p. 21. This is spoken with respect to greedy, scraping fellows. 2. Sometimes improperly for a bush. For when ye gang to the broom field hill,. Ye'll find your love asleep. With a silver belt about his head And a broom-cots at his feet. Minstrehy Border, iii. 272. 3. A besom made of broom, S. To the Vicar I leif Diligence and Care, To tak the upmost claith, and the kirk kow. Duncan Laider, or Macgregor' s Testament, a MS. in the possession of the Earl of Breadal- bane, dated A. 1490. quoted by Wartou, Hist, E. P. ii. 328. who has the following note on this word. " The kirl-cote, or cow, is an ecclesiastical perqui- site which I do not understand." It is a poor per- quisite indeed; being merely the bunch ef broom used for sweeping the church. Here it is evidently mentioned ironically. 4. Used as birch, in E. to denote an instrument of correction, because occasionally employed for this purpose. Thus, it is a common threaten- ing, /'// tak a cow to you, S. This seems derived from cow, v, as signifying to cut, to lop off. 5. »The fuel used for a temporary fire, or bleeze^ Put on a cow till I come o'er the gate, And do the best you can to had you het. The lasses bidding does, and o'er they gaes, And of bleach'd birns put on a canty blaze. Rosses llelenore, p. 77. 6. The act of pruning, viewed metaph. S. But neic-light herds get sic a cozce, Folk thought them ruin'd stick. an. stowe. Burns, iii. 255. Improperly cxpl. " fright'" in Gl. cow cow, Kow, t. 1. A scarecrow, a bugbear, S. With Wallace also, Earl Malcolm's gone, A better lord, and braver could be none ; And Canijibel kind, the good knight of Lochow, To Suthron still a foarfull grievous coze. Hamilton' X fVal/acc, B. viii. p. 190. Hence the compound word, a zcoi rie-civc, any frightful object ; although the term is now often used in a ludicrous sense, to denote any one who makes a ridiculous appearance, in consequence of being fantastically dressed, or from any other cause. Coze is sometimes used by itself in the same sense. 2. A hob-goblin, S. Gudeman, quhat niisteris all thlr mowis, As ye war cumbred with the cowif::^ Philut. St. na. Pink. S. P. Rep. i. And he appear'd to be nae kon', For a' his quiver, wings, and bow. Ravisa^'s PociiiSj i. 143. It deserves observation, that like this, the S. B. word doolie signifies both a scarecrow and a hob- goblin. Hence bu-kow, id. and cozvinan, also used in both senses. Cozoman, indeed, is a designation sometimes given by the vulgar to the devil, especial- ly to frighten children, S. From coze, v. to intimidate ; or as immediately corresponding to Isl. kiig, suppres^io ; Verel. To play tow, to act the part of a goblin. — And Browny als, that can plaj/ coze, Behind the claith with raony a mow. Roiill's Cursing, Gl. Conipl. p. 330. Cow. Brown cow, a ludicrous designation given by the vulgar to a barrel of beer or ale, from its colour, as contra-distinguished from that of milk, S. While the young brood sport on the green, The auld anes think it best With the brozcn cow to clear their con, Snuff, crack, and take their rest. Rainsaj/''s Poems, ii. 114. COWAN, s. A fishing-boat. " When the Earl [Argyle] came to Allangrcg in this critical juncture, lie resolved to man out four prizes he had got at sea, and thirty large cozcans or fisher-boats, with the thousand men he had with him, and joyn his own three ships with lliiin, and attack the men of war that were coming up." Wod- row's Hist. ii. 535. Perhaps a dimin. from Su.G. iogge, Isl. kugg-r, genus navigii apud veteres : C. B. czechj linter. O. E. cogge. COWAN, s. 1. A term of contempt, applied to one who does the work of a mason, but has not been regularly bred, S. 2. Also used to denote one who builds dry walls, otherwise denominated a dry-dikcr, S. " A boat carpenter, joiner, cozcan, (or builder of stone without mortar,) get Is. at the minimum, and good maintenance." P. Morven, Argylcs. Statist. Ace. X. 267. N. Cozoans, inasons who build dry stone dikes or walls." P. Halkirk, Caithn. Statist. Ace. six. 24. N. COW Su.G. Icujon, kughjon, a silly fellow, hominera imbellem, ft cujus rapiti omnes tuto ilhidunt, ti/jon appellare moris est ; Ihre. Fr. coion, coi/on, a coward, a base fellow ; Co:gr. Qui fait profession dc lachete, ignavus ; Diet. Trov. The editors ol ihis Diet, deduce it from Lat. quietus. But the term is evidently Goth. It has been imported by the Franks; and is derived from iifzi'-a, supprimere, insultare, COWART, s. Covert. Throw a dyrk garth scho gydit him furth fast, In coicart went and vp the wattyr past. IVuUuce, i. 258. MS. COWARTRY, s. Cowardice. " Thay tynt the victory be thair cozcarlrif that thay conquest afore with thair vyctory & mau- hcid." Belicnd. Cron. B. vii. c. 17. COWATYSS. V. CouATYSE. COW-CLOOS, s. pi. Common trefoil, S. B. Trifolium pratense, Linn. By the inhabitants of Upland the yellow trefoil is called katt-klor, q. cuts cloos, and by the Dalecarliaas hiorne-clor, q. bears cloox : Linn. F'lor. Suec. COWCLYNK, s. A harlot, a loose woman. This is ane grit dispyt, I think. For to ressaitf sic ane cozccli/nk. Lyndsaj/, S. P. R. ii. 52. I see no cognate term, unless we suppose this to have been originally the same withTeut. koyslinci, a bastard, from ioijs-cn, fornicari. To COWER, CowrR, Cour, v. a. To recover. Yhis, said the King, with owtyn wer, Thar host has made me haile and fer. For suld na raedicyne sa sone Yliiii cozcerijt nie, as thai hailfdone. Barbour, ix. 233, MS. Bot he about him nocht for thi AVes gaderand men ay ythenly. For he thoucht yete to cozcjjr hys cast. Ibid. xiv. 321. MS. Edit. 1G20, recover. O. E. keuer is used in the same sense. For ther n^'s in al the world swerd hym jliche : For ther nas uon ther with y wonded, that eucr keuer mygte. R. Glouc. p. 49. Contr. from Fr. cur-er, to heal, or rather re- couvrer ; as Barbour elsewhere uses recozaer in the same sense. CoWKRiKG, J. Recovery. Oli'iiis coKcry/ig all blvth thi.i war. Ba'rLuiir, ix. 238. MS. COW-FISH, s. A name commonly applied to Mactra lutraria, Mya arenaria, or any other large oval shell-fish, Orkney. COWFYNE, s. A ludicrous term,. Be still, my cozi-fync, and my cawf, My new spaind hownhyn frae the souk. Evergreen, ii. 19. st. 4. Being joined with cazif, calf, it is perhaps allied to colpiiidach, a young cuw. COWHUBBY, s. A cowherd. He gaif till hir ane aple-ruby, Gramerce, quod scho, my kind cozchubby. - Evergreen, ii.'il.. M ra 2 c o w Sli«V!ipeare uses liubbj/ for a siiiijiil fellow ; (ipr. lia|.!> from Ili-U- hoOhc, in hobbcland, vorago palu. do5a, Kiliaii, as .t»/;i/i/i frotii Girni. *«/«/, niar>li ; or hobb.cHy lo moil and toil. COW IK, s. 'Hic name given to the Porpoise in ilic Firth of lay. COWIE, t. A cow wanting horns, S. V. Cow. V. COW IE, (uh. Very ; as ro-.r/V -xcel, very well ; cauit /ow, very or exceedingly intoxicated, La- nnrks. It i» aNo ii'tfd as an adj. A coKtc chid, an odd, qiiwr fellow ; supposed also to imply the idea of (■loerne'S. COW IT, part. pa. ] . Closely cut. i. Havint; short and thin hair. \ . Cow, v. To COWK, V. n. l"o reach ineiTectually, in consequence of nausea, to threaten to puke ; in the same sense in which boi is sometimes used, S. B. ^^ Cov:lcr. A straining to vomit; Quochcn, to Tomit, North." CJI. Grose. Germ. Loch.cn, id. It convoys tlic same idea as ¥.. keck, whirli is most nearly allied to Belff. keck- tn, ill. Isl. iiiut-a, to raakeexerlions with the throat, ^iila n!(i ; from tiiot, the (hroat, G. Andr. 157. 'I'his i\, or large creels, so placed in the water, that the fish run into them as the tide ebbs, and arc taken out at low water." P. Kirkmabreck, Kirkcudb. Statist. Ace. XV. 555. The criiivcs arc fixed, whereas these coops seem to be moveable. A. Bor. coop is undoubted!}" the same word. '^ A Jiih coop. A hollow vessel made of twigs, with which they fake fish in the Iiuniber. North." Gl. Grtjsc. Thus coxcpc is originally the same with E. coop, as used in hen-coop. Tent, iu^pe is used in a secondary sense to denote aninclosure; Icin/pe der stad, septa urbis, spatium urbis moenibus comprehensum, locus urbis vallatus j Kilian. The term primarily denotes a tub or cask ; hence applied to any thing that surrounds and inclo- ses ; Isl. kiippa, kopp-r, Sw. kuppc, lagena. The sense of prijnis, is more doubtful. At lirst view it might seem to signify some sharp instrument, such a.i tht: leisfer, for « ounding large fish ; Su.G. y>/-c;?, Isl. prionii, acus. But as prynis are mentioned in connexion with ncttis, coicpis, creillis, ic. the word seems r^itlier to denote some species of crib, with a narrow entrance. Su.G. /;/a«n^ is rendered, angi- portus, semila inter conlignas aedes ; Mi^lg. prangh. en, arctare, coinprimere. The number of terms in the O. E. laws on the same head, now unintelligible, is, I suspect, still And Wallace said. Stud iliow Coz:iitj/r patjjfi I siild no<-lit l)c to the IVutluce, X. 6'24. MS. '1 his nii;{hl seem at first view to be from Fr. con. Irepvil, against llie hair, against the grain. But it rather appear- to be a term borrowed from Heraldry, ref.rrim; (o the opposing of one pale lo another, iii Itu .liil. rent quarters of a seulclieon. Conlrcpalc, ryehlwyss tome, " That no person or personnes, with any maner ol nette, vveele, butte, tayninge, kepper, lyme, creele, rawe, fagncttc. trolnctte, trymenet, ti-vin- bote, slalbotc, weblyster, seur lammet, or with any dcuyse or inginne made of heerc, wolle, lyne, or canuas,— shall take and kyll any y ong broode, spaw ne, or fry of eles, salmon, picke or pickerel ; or take fyslie with any maner of nette, trameH 1 isf C R A Tceppc, wore, liyiile, crele, or by anyc other inginne, 4leui.sc, waics or moancs whatsoeuer." Acts IK-ii. V'll. c. 21. Rastell's Stat. Fol. 181. b. 18'2. a. COVVPON, .p. A fragment, a shred, S. " Gif na inair hoc signified bee the bread, bot (lie ■flcsdi and bodie of Christ ouelie, and na inair be signi- fied be the wine, but the blood of Christ onelie, thou can uot say, that the liodie of Christ is Christ, it is but a coiepon of Christ: thou cannot say that the blud of Christ, is hail Christ, it is bot a (lart of liini, (It a coicpoit of thy Sauiour saued thee not, a part of thy sauior wrogiit not the wark of thy sahiatioa : and sa suppose thou get a cozcpon of liini in the sacrament, that cOiCpon wald do thee na good." Brace's Serui. on tlie Sacr. Sign. B. 8-. a. Fr. coupon^ " a tliick and short slice, or piece cut off from a thing. Coupon dc drop, a shred of cloth ;" Cotgr., from coup-er, to cut. Colpo, -0/1/s, frustum, uostris Copoii, quasi parti, cula abscissione avulsa : nam nostri coiipcr & coper abscindere dicunt, ex Graeco xo^tso, undc xosraio* & x»5rio» in Glossis, pro frusto rci cujuslibct ^ frag- mento. Proprieaiitem usurpaturdecereis candelismi. nutioribus, C'yyjo;* (/cc/zc. Du Cange; q. " a cor;-;)o;{ of wax." It occurs in HoTcden. V. Si)elni. in vo. COWPER JUSTICE, U-ying a man after execu- tion ; the same with Jeddurt^ or ycdhiirghjus- ticey. S. Yet let the present swearing trustees Know they give conscience Co^^per Justice, And by subscribing it in gross Renounces every solid gloss. — And if my judgement be not scant. Some lybel will be relevant, And all the process lirm and fast, To give the Counsel Jedburgh cast. Clt'ldiid's Pucms, p. 109, 110. This phrase is said to have had its rise from the conduct of a Baron-bailie in C'o«;)«r-Angus, before the abolition of heritable jurisdictions. CO\V.(^U AK.E, .f. An affection of cattle, caused by the chillness of the weather. " Come it early, come it late, in May, comes the CoK-quah,^' S. Prov. " A cold rain oftentimes falls out in May, which makes the cows, which are then but poor and weak, to tremble;" Kelly, p. 80. COWSCHOT, s. A ringdove. V. Kowshot. COXY, ad/. Coxcomical, foppish, S. Walk oif, till we remark Yon little coxjj wight that makes sic wark With tongue, and gait : how crously docs he stand ! His taes turn'd out, on his left haunch his hand. R(tmsujj''s Poems, i. 354. To CRAB, Crabe, v. ft. To fret, to be peevish. I wat, gud wemen will not wyt me, Nor of this sedull be eschauiit ; For be thay courtas, thay will quyt me; And gif thay crah, heir I quytclame it. Bdimatiiue Poems, p. 210. Belg. kribbig, Su.G. krcpsk, morosus. These Ihrc derives from Mod. Sax. kribb-en, irritare. To CRAB, V. a. To provoke, to incense. " — Thou sail consaue ane ernest sorrow & haif» c A ful displeasure in thi hart, for that tliow hes left Sc forsakin sa lulling a Lord, that tliow lies followit syn, and (hairby thow hes c/7,i6iV .t oti'.udit God, of quhom thow wes callit to bo in the slait of a son i^: inhcrltoiir widi our saluiour Jesus Christ." Abp. llamiltouu's Caterliisme, Fol. 153. b. 1 v\ill nocht (lyte, that I comlude For crabb/'ng of tliy cclsiludi.'. Lijiid-:tii/\\ IVurkis, l.")9'2. p. 261. It is used nearly in the same sense, by Pohvart, although as a reflective v. Only because, Owlc, thou dois 'I'^c it, 1 will w rite verse of common kind ; And, Swingeour, for thy sake refuse it, To crabe lliee humbler by thy mind. IVatsoiCs Coll. iii. 7. To CRACK, Crak, v. n. l. To talk boast- ingly. Ye sell tlic heir's skin on his back, — Quheii ye have done, its tyme to crack. Chcrrie and Slue, st. 47. The victor, Langshanks, pioudly cracA*', lie has blawn out our lamp. Evcrirrcen, i. 216. st. 8. This word also occurs in O. Iv, although pro. bably of S. origin. It is used by Grafton, in a sin. gular character which he gives of the Scots, in his Dedicucinuii of Ilardyng's Chron. tt> Henry VIII., that shows tlie estimate which was formed con. cerning our nation at that period. For the Scottes will aye be bostyng and crakjjtig, Euer sek) ng causes of rebellion ; Spoiles, booties, and preades euer tnkyng; • Euer sowyng qnereles of dissension ; To burnc and steale is all their intetuioun : And yet as people i^hom God doth hate andcursCy Thei alwaies begyn, and euer haue the worse. Sign. ii. 3. I know not, whether it be in this sense that Lyndsay uses the term, or as signifying to prattle, to talk foolishly. Thair was few of that garrisoun, That leirnit him ane gude lesson n : Bot sum to crak, and sura to clatter; Sum maid the fule, and sum did (latter. IVarkis, 1 592. p. 267. 2. To chat, to talk freely and familiarly, S. Be we had riddin half ane myle. With myrrie mowis passing the quhyle, Thir twa, of quiiome befoir I spak. Of sindric ])urpose3 did crak. Diulogg, sine Titulo, p. K Reign of Q. Mavy. Gae warm ye, and crack with our dame, — The priest stood close, the miller cracked. Rumsdif^s Poems, ii. 522. 524. 3. To talk together in a confused manner; often as also implying extension of voice, S. Thus it denotes a conversation, in which several peo- ple speak at once, and speak with considerable vehemence. Which of these is the primary sense, seems quite uncertain. AV'e might suppose that the term, were transposed from A. S. ccarc-ian, to prattle, to chat, ter. But perhaps it is rather allied to Germ, kruk- C R A fn, Bcl«. kraek.cii, to make a noise; as the S. word i, seldom or never used to denote conversation c;irri. ed on in a low voice. What n)i(;ht seem lo coiUirm this derivation, ii the collo.|uial j.hrase, which evi- di-iitly alludes to the Mippo^ed origin of the word : " aacki,,!; like pen-g ins," i. c. conversing with great Mvacit). There is a Bel^. phrase, however, which may be viewed a.> indicating that the word had oriijinall)' implied the idea of boasiing. Kraeckcn endc poffcn, to brag, to boast ; kraccker, a boaster, a hro^nati. (Jael. ciacaire, a talker, Shaw. Crack, Crak, t. 1. Boasting, S. This to corrort. they schow w ith mony crakkis, But littil ellect of speir or baltar ax. Diiiibur, ISuniiiiti/iic I'oems, p. 43. st. 8. That this means boasting, as it is expl. by Lord Hailes. ippears from the next stanza. Sic vaiit !•/ uousluurs with hairtis in sinful statu- res. &c. Thin sense is supported by ai»other passage; lie that dois all his best servyis, May spill it all with crukki\ and cryis. ' Dunbar, jiunnalyne Poems, p. 46. » Heard you the c/acA- thai that gave? S. Prov. spoken whi-n we hear an empty boast;" Kelly. 2. Chat, free conversation, S. — Nae langsyne, fan onr an Id fouks were laid, And taking their ain crack into their bed; M'eening that I was sleeping, they began To speak about my getting of a man. Ross's ilelenorc, p. 20. 3. Any detached piece of entertaining conversa- tion, S. Kindly and couthy ay to her he spak. And held her in gueed tune wi' mouy a crack. Tor he w.ui ay in dre^id that she might rue, And sae he strave to keep the subject new. Ross's Ilelenore, p. 32. Probably from crack as denoting a quick and sharp sound. This term, S. is cs|)ecially used with respect to the smack of a whip. Cruet is used as a r. both a. and n. in the same sense. A rumour, a piece of uncertain news gene- Prov. rally used in pi. in this sense. " A' cracks arc not to be trow'd," S. Rim«av, p. \'i. Cracker, Crakkar, j. A boaster. Adew, craitar, I will na Linger tary ; 1 trcst to sec the in ane lirv fary. Liiiilsa,/, Piiit. S'.P. R. ii. 15. CrackT, aJj. 1. Talkative; often used to de- note the loquacity, which is the effect of one's being elevated by means of strong drink, S. C. Affable, agreeable in conversation, S. CRACK, J, In a crack, immediately, S. I trow, when 'hat she saw, icilhin a cntc.k. She came with a right thieveless errand back. Ramsoi/'s Poems, ii. 71. This phrase is njf mentioiieU by Johns. Ijut it seems to be used in 1''. — Poor Jack Tackle's grimly ghost was vanish'd in a crack. Sailor's Talc, Lc::ii's Tales of Jf'onikr. C R A To CRACK, v.a. l. To crack credit, to lose cha- racter and confidence in any respect, S. prima, rily applied to the loss of credit in mercantile concerns. " By Solomon's record, shee that gadeth abroad cannot bee well thought of: with Wisedome shee hath cracied her credit." Z. Boyd's Last Battel!, )). 970. 2. To crack tryst, to break an engagement. V. Tryst s» CRACKERHEADS, s. pi. The roots of big tangles, or alga marina, eaten by young people, Ang. CRACKLINGS, s.pl. l. The refuse of tallow, S. Acts Ja. VL 2. Tallow, when first bruised by the candle- maker, in its impure state, S. Su.G. krak, quisquiliae, Isl. krak, id, from hrek' ia, to throw away. CRAFT, s. Croft, a piece of ground, adjoining to a house. A. S. croft, id. CRAG, Crage, Craig, s. l. The neck, S. " In aid tymes ther culd nocht be ane gritar de- fame nor quhen ane mannis crag vas put in the yoik be his enemye." Compl. S. p. 158. O. E. crag, id. Get this curst king men in his grippis, My craig will wit quhat weyis my hippis. Lijndsatj, S. P. R. ii. 176. With mightie maters mynd I not to mcll, As copping Courts, or Comonwelthis, or Kings. Quhais craig yoiks fastest, let them say thame scll^ I\ly mind could never think upon sik things. Montgomerie, MS. Citron. S. P. iii. 501. One's cra/g or neck is said to yuke, when he does any thing that may expose him to the gallows, S. Callander mentions a craig of mutton, as a phrase used in S. for a neck of mutton; MS. Notes oa Ihre. Johns, gives it as a low K. word, 2. The throat ; used obliquely, S. — Couthy chiels at e'ening meet Their bizzing craigs and mous to weet. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 92. Teut. /f/'ffpj'/ic, jugulus, Kilian; Su.G. /^/-a^c sig- nifies a collar. But, according to Ihre, it properly denotes the neck; whence that phrase, which is al- most pure S., taga en karl i kragen.. .aliquem collfl approheiidere ; to tak a carl hi) the craig. Ckaiged, aii/. Having a neck or throat, S. Deep in a i\3.Trov,-craiged pig Lay mony a dainty nut and fig. Ramsai/'s Poems, ii. 495. Craigagee, adj. Wrynecked, S. from craig neck, and agee, q. v. wry, to one side. Cragbane, J. The collar-bone. Jlis sleiiig was tynt, the Inglisman was dcde ; For his crag bajjne was brokvii in that stede. IVa/lm-e, id. 54. MS. Crage Claitii, s. A neckcloth, a cravat, S. Isl. krcigc, Svv. krageclud, id. collare, q. colli in- dumentum, Ihre. CRAIG, s. A rock, S. Vondcr's a craig, since ye have tint all hope, C R A Gae tiirt your ways, and tako the lover's lowp. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 69. A. Bor. crag, id. But the origin is evidently Cel- tic. C. B. ii'aig. Corn, karak, Ir. iarraig, Gael. creag, rupes. Hence, according to Bochart, the stony plain, extending about an hundred furlongs be. tweeu Aries and Marseilles, was denominated La CI ail ; Celtis eniin craig erat petra, ut Britannis hodieque. Chanaan, Lib. 1. c. 41. lie also endea. vours to show that crac was used in the East as de- noting a rock. Hence Strabo observes that Kfttyo; in Cilicia is a precipitous rock on the margin of the sea. Ibid. c. 42. p. 755. Craig-flook, s. a species of flounder. " Rhomboides noster, the Craig F/ook ;'" Sibb. Fife, p. 120. i. e. the rock flounder. This has been supposed to be the Smear-dub. Craig-herring, s. Supposed to be the Shad. " Alosa, seu Clupca, the Shad, or mother of the herrings. I suspect, this may be that which our fishers call the Craig-herring, which they say is more big than four herrings, with skails as large as tunicrf, which will cut a man's hand with their shell." Sibb. Fife, p. 126. Craiglugge, j. The point of a rock, S. " As some express it, Every craiglugge mates a new tide, and many craigs and lugs arc there here;" Brand's Zetland, p. 140, 141. Craigy, adj. Rocky. Beneath the south side of a craigy bield, — Twa youthfu' shepherds on the gowans lay. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 63. CRAYAR, Crear, j-. A kind of bark or lighter. " It is statute and ordanit, that na maner of per- soun, strangear nor liege, norinhabitar in thisrealme, tak vpone hand to transport, cary or tak furth ony coillis be Schip, Crayar or ony bait, or Tther ves- schel quhatsuraeuer." Acts Marie, 1563. c. 20. edit. 1566, also Burrow Lawes, c. 181. § 4. This L. B. term craiera, creyera, also written crey- eris, occurs in the same sense in Rymer. Foed. in the Charters of Edw. III. Du Cange defines it, na. vigii genus apud Septentrionales. Sw. irejare, a small vessel with one mast ; Wideg. To CRAIK, -v. n. 1. This primarily denotes the cry of a hen after laying ; or when dissatis- fied with her confinement in a crib ; the clamour or skreaking of fowls in general. The cry was so ugly of elfs, apes and owles, That geese and gaisling cryes and craiks. Polwart, Watson's Coll. iii. 21, 22. S. To call for any thing, with importunity and impatience, S. Teut. kraeck-en, crepare, strepere. This seems radically the same with Isl. skraek-ia, ejulare, Sw. strik-a and E. screech, s being often prefixed to Goth, words. Perhaps we may trace these terms 1o MoesG. hruk-a, crocitare, to crow as a cock, hruk hanins, the cock crowing, Matt. xxvi. 75. Crakyng, s. The clamorous noise made by a fowl. A gannyr made Sa hwge crakyng and sic cry. C R A That the Romanys suddanly Waknvd Wyntoxcn, iv. 9, 0. CRAIK, s. "■ A kind of little ship," Rudd. Now goith our barge, for nother houk, nor craik May here bruik saile, for schaild bankis and saiidis. Doug, f'irgil, 66. 49. Contr. from currach ? CRAILL-C APON, s. A haddock dried, but not split, Loth. This is called a luckin haddock, q. locked, shut. Ang. Fife. This word might originate from Curaill, a town on the coast of Fife, as being the place where such had- docks were prepared ; as Bervic from the village of Inverbervie, and Findrum spcldings, from Fiiidhorn. CRAIT, Greet, s. A terra used to denote that sort of basket in which window-glass is packed, S. " A crait of glass," is a basket filled with glass ; from Germ, kraet, corbis, or perhaps Su.G. krctSi, a circle, as these kind of baskets are of a circular form. To CRAK. V. Crak. CRAKER, s. The Rail, Rallus crex, Linn, commonly called the corn-craik. '• The land-fowls produced here are hawks extra- ordinary good, eagles, plovers, crows, wrens, stone- chaker, crater, cuckoo." Martin's St Kilda, p. 26. He calls it 6'onj-crff/.er; Western Isles, p. 71. CRAKYS, s.pl. Great guns, cannons. Twa nowelt) is that day thai saw. That foroiith in Scotland had bene nanc. Tynimcris for hclmys war the tanc. That thaini fhoucht thane off gret bcwte, And alsna woudyr for to se. The tolhjr, cratyf war off zcer, That thai befor herd neuir er. Barbour, xix. 399. MS. Dr Leyden understands this phrase as denoting Jircballs, which, he says, " were probably the ori- ginal species of fire-arms, and have been used from time immemorial by the Hindoo and Chinese tribes ;" Gl. Compl. But the expression undoubtedly de. notes some kind of guns ; and there is every reason to think that it is equivalent io another phrase used by the same writer, gynnys for crakys, Bar. xvii, 250. For they are there opposed to Springalds, of which Jhone Crab, the Flemish Engineer, had pro- vided abundance. V. Gynnys. Grose, I observe,, calls these crakys artillery ; Milit. Antiq. I. 398. It w^uld occur, at first view, that these military engines had received their name from the noise they made when fired. The v. is also used to denote the report made by artillery. All hir cannounis scho let crak at anis, Doun schuke the stremaris from the top-castell, Thay spairit not the poulder nor the stanis. Lyndsay's Warki.s, 1592. p. 257. One thing, however, may be objected to this ety- mon. Teut. kraecke and kraeckaerd are rendered by Kilian arcubalisia. After (he introduction of fire-arms, the name given to tlie instruments, which were formerly in use, may have been transferred to- them. C K A CRAKLKNE POKIS, " bags for holding arti- lUial fireworks and combustibles, employed in naval cii^ajjcm-jnts," CIl. Compl. " lli>ili» man. b.iyr stanis i*c l.V'iie poKis fiil (if \)mc tn thv criit/iFic.jioliy to tlic toj)." CDnipl. S. p. Ot. 'Ilii-i has bccu dcrivid fialf»Ton btnl anil oiiyr lio\is, In i/»/M//i(»;/ ctcdo and i;iaiiit riolatf. i)vns. lirgil, 399. 20. Fr. crrtmohi, Ilal. rhcnni'i. Tout, knimme.tijn, L. II. rramciiiiiim. CHimcihiiix, tcrmesinitu ; accor- ding til Curuji., Itiuan., and Du Can^e, from icrmc\, an Aral), word, dcnotlni; llii' worm which is bred in Ihf berry of the coccm, from the juice of wliich cIoth> receivi- a scarlet, crimson, or purple colour. To CRAMP, i>. /I, At luti.i law a quh) Ic I think to kit, In court to cramp clench in my clcthing, And luke anlan^is thir lusty ladeis sweit. Ilciin/sunc, liUDiiatijnc Poems, p. 132. Lord Ilailes renders this, " to flimb, to ramp, pimjHi\" Fr. Hut crump is probably here used in relaiion lo its proper sense, as signifving to contract. 'I'lins the pod may represent Youth as speaking of bein? crunipcilin his clothing at court; Jicrhaps in derision of 6ome stitV and strait dress worn at the time. TeH{. iroiiip.cn is not only used actively, but in a neuter sense ; conlrahi, extcnnari^ minui. Sn..tri/iiip.a, contrahi. This view seems conlirmed by the reply of .Vge. in the next stanza. Tor th) cramping thow salt bailh cruie and entire. i. c. "The contraction or confinement of thy body, in compliance with ridiculous fashions, shall at lenj;lh bring on decropitiide." CR.\MPET, CRAMr-BiT, s. i. A cramping- iron, S. :•. .\n iron made to fit the sole of the shoe, with small pikes in it, for keeping the foot firm on ice or slippery ground, S. Wc need not card. Tior croslaffe for our pole, Hut from thence landing clam the Dragon hole, >N ith ernmpcls on our feet, and clubs m hand. Muivs Thrcnotl/c, p. I 49. It is also written, but, I suspect, improperly, cramp. bit. Firm on his cramp. liif. stands (he steady ^outh AVho leads the game : low o'er the weighty stone Jle bends inrnmbrnt, and with nicest eve Surreys the further goal, and in his mind Ikleasures the di>>tancc (•'y acme's Poems, An. craxz.an, id. Tcut. knu-jf-en, coriiicari, par- rire more cornicuni. It is not imi.robablo that butli Ih.sc Trrbs ii>. well as tin- name of the crow itself, b»»c been formed in imitation of its cry. ^ CRAW, /. A crow, S. Craw s. The act of crowing, S. NoTombeT chill bliws loud wi' angry sough, The short'uing winter day is near a close ; The miry biMSts returning; frae the pleugh ; The black'uing trains o' crui^s to their repose. Di/;vi.s, iii. 17 1. »' The crarc thinks her ain bird fairest." Fer- guson's S. Frov. 1). 30. A. S. crau-c, Alem. ciaiii-, Dan. kra^e, Belg. kruife. These words Junius derives from Gr. «{««-/«, clamor. Craw croops, s. pi. Crow-berries, or black- berried lie iih. S. B. Empetrum nigrum, Linn. Sw iraai-rii, id. V. CroUP. Craw-dulse, /. Frini^cd fucus; S. Fucus cili- atui, Linn. In S. this is eaten like the Fucus palinatus. Diiiominated perhaps, like the next word, from its suppo>ed resemblance to the foot of a crozs. Craw-tals, s. pi. Crowfoot, S. This name is given to different species of the Ranunculus, paniciilarlv, R.. repens and acris. CRAWDOUN, X. .A coward, a dastard. Uecum thou cowart ciuu^dtnin recriand. And by consent cry cok, thy di'de is dicht. Doug. I'iigi/, 356. 29. This has been viewed as the same with K. cravaiif, craven; by pronouncing which, he, who was van- quished, in a criminal trial by battle, was obliged to proclaim hi^ subuiission. If the appellant, or ac- cuser, made this ignominious concession, he was said, amitlere libirain legem, as becoming infamous; if the appellee, or party accused, he was accounted guilty, and immediately hanged. Skinner derives ciuvcit from the v. crave ; Sibb. from A. S. enij'.iaii, Isl. ircf-ia, postiilari, and andc, anima, spiriius. But the term is undoubtedly from O. Fr.cifaiit, termede Jurisprudence fiodale. C est uue promesse do rendre service. Diet. Trev. By (he use of ii, therefore, the vanquished person merely declared that he did homage to the victor as his sniierior. Hence O. Fr. crvant.er, craant.cr, L. H. iicanl-un-, tide ant sacramenlis inierposilis promittore ; and creuiit-iim, catitio de re quapiam fjcientia ; Du C'a^^e. Cruicituiin may be a corr. of creaiit. But if not from a dilleiem origin, we may suppose il to have been forii.c.l from cnaiil and ifuiiii-tr, lo give faith or do homage. V. IIkcriavo. ' ' To CREAM, V. a. To hawk goods, to carry them from place to place for sale, S. B. Belg. Arnam-en, to expose lo sale. Cream, Ckaim, Crame, s. ]. a merchant's booth, a wooden shop, or a tent, where goods jrc sold, S. C R E Hence the Crcunn of Edinburgh, which are small shops or booths, projecting from the adjoining walls. " The excellent law of deafh-bed, securing mens inlR-ritances from being alienate at that time, may happen to be frustrate and evacuate,— if they make any merchandise jirivily in a shop ov crame, or come to the mercate-place, when there is no publick mer. cate." Acts Sed. 29 Feb. 1692. " Booths, (or as they arc here called, craims) containing hardware and haberdashery goods, are erected in great numbers at the fare [fair], and stored with such articles as suit the generality." P. Lcssuden, Iloxb. Statist. Ace. x. 207. Teut. kraem, cadurcum, taberna sive capsa rerum venalium ; Kilian. Belg. /c;a«m, a booth; Su.G. kriimboJ, Dan. kramboe, pergula, a booth for mer- chandise. 2. A pack, or bundle of goods for sale. " Aiie peddcr is called an marchand. or creamer, qhua bearis ane pack or cretime vpon his back ; qnha are called beiraris of the puddill be the Scottes-men of 'he realme of Polonia." Skene, Verb. Sign. V. Pvdt-pidvero.'Us. Ofi have I turst your hether crame. And liorne your self right oft-times hame, With many a toom and hungry wame, Whan thou hast been weel packit. CoUington Mare, IVatson^s Coll. i. 40. i. e. Merchandise of heath. Teut. kraem has also the sense of merx ; Su.G. Dan. tram, merchandise of every kind. I find no vestige of this term in A.S. Perhaps the origin is Sw. krain.a, to press, because goods carried in a pack are compressed into as narrow bounds as possible. Creamer, s. A huckster, a pedlar, S. B. Skene explains Pede-pu/verosus as signifying " ane merchand or creamer, quha hes na certain dwelling place." Verb. Sign. " Of (he above there are — 2 cadgers (fish-carriers), — 2 creamers, persons w ho go through the parish, and neighbourhood, and buy butter, hens, eggs, kc. mostly for the Dundee market." P. Kirkden, Forfars. Statist. Ace. ii. 508. Su.G. iraemare, propala, Teut. kraemer, taber- narius, venditor mercium. Creamerie, Cramery, r. Merchandise, such goods as are usually sold by a pedlar, Aberd. With my cramery gif ye list mell ; Ileir I half foly haltis to sell. Lyndsaij, S. P. R. ii. 94. Teut. kraemerije, merx. Cream-ware, Creme-ware. s. Articles sold by those who keep shops or booths. " Those who commonly frequent this countrey and trade with the inhabilanfs are llamburghers, — who come here ordinarily in (he month of May or about the beginning of June, and in several places set up booths or shops, where they sell— several sorts of creme-ioarc, as linen, muslin, &c." Brand's Descr. Zetland, p. 131. CREEK of day, the first appearat;ce of the dawn, S. ; sbeek, S. B. C L I C R E Where they appear, nae vice dare keck. But to what's ^ood gives way. Like iiisht, soon as the morning creek Has usher'd in the day. RamHij/'s Works, i. 121. Tout, kricch', aurora rutilans, primuni diluculum, matufinus splendor, crepusculum ; kruct-cn, ruti. lare, to shine, to glitter, to look red ; Belg. 't trirt. en van den dag, the peep of day. V. Gkeking and Srueek. CREEL. V. Creil. CREEPERS. V. Crefaris. To CREEP IN, V. n. To shrink, to be con- tracted. Cruppen in, shrivelled, S. Isl. iropna, contrahi. CREEPY, Creefie, s. l. A low stool, such as is occasionally used in a pulpit for elevating the speaker, S. 2. It sometimes denotes the stool of repentance, or that on which it was customary for culprits to sit when making public satisfaction in the church, S. " It's a wise wife that kens her weird, " What tho' ye mount the creepy ?" I Ram. ay\'i Poems, i. 273. " The stool of repentance." N. Perhaps from the v. creep, as being low. CREESE, s. Crisis; Rosses Heknore. GREET, /. V. Crait. CREIL, Creill, Creel, s. An ozier basket, a hamper, S. ; scul/, synon. — Ane card, line creill, and als ane cradill. Bannatijne Poems, p. 159. st. 7. " As for millaris, that settis creillii and netlis in daminis, milne landis, and watters, deslroyand reid fische, and fry of fische, as said is, salbe a punct of dittay." Acts Ja. IV. 1489. c. 3'i. Ed. 1566. c. 15. Murray. Panniers are also called creils. Of lads and lowns (her ryses sic a noyse, Quhy le wenches rin away with cards and quheils, And cadgers avers cast baith coals and creil'. Diuibar, Evergreen, ii. 59. st. 23. Put your hand i' the creel, And take out an adder or an eel. Ferguson's S. Prov. p. 27. One is said to be in a creel, or to have one's ■mils in a creel, when labouring under some tem- porary confusion or stupefaction of mind, S. My senses wad be in a creel. Should I but dare a hope to speel, Wi' Allan, or wi' Gilbertjield The braes o' fame. Burns, iii. 249. Perhaps it is rendered too forcibly in Gl. " to be crazed, to be fascinated." The metajihor is probably borrowed from the ver- tigo sometimes occasioned by the jogging motion which one receives when carried in a pannier. This idea seems to receive confirmation from the phrase when fully expressed ; " The man's in a creill, and the creill's wagging with him," S. B. But although the allusion should be viewed as obscure, the cor- respondent terms, in other Northern languages, are metaph. used in a way fully as unaccountable. Su.G. iorg signifies a basket : and /art korgen denotes a re. pulse of any kind, especially when a man loses his sweetheart; Ihre. Germ, kipe, id. is used precisely in the same manner. Die kipe kriegen, repulsam ferre. Both the Germ, words korb and kipe are metaph. applied to vain and fruitless vows and prayers ; because, as W^achter conjectures, thesemay be compared to empty baskets. Sibb. mentions Ir. kril as signifying corbis, area. This, however, by Lhuyd and Obrien is written crilin ; Gael, cc/o/, " a chest, coller," Shaw ; Ir. id. Su.G. kacrl, kaeril, a vessel, from kar, id. Isl. irtrla signilies to cut twigs, virgas amputare. To Creil, v, a. To put into a basket, S. Creeling, s. A foolish and indelicate custom, on the day after marriage, still retained among' the vulgar in some places, S. It is described. Statist. Ace. ii. 80, 81. To CREIS, V. n. To curl. O now thou spere, that neuir failyete in dede — Now is the tyme that I maist myster the, — That with my stalwart handis I may than His hawbrek of his body to arrace, — And in the dusty powder here and thare Suddill and fule his crispe and yallow hare, That aic made crcis, and curbs now sa wcle. Doug. Virgil, 410. 2. Not from Yr.f riser, or h-3.i. crisparc, as R,udd. suggests, although uncertainly ; but as allicKi to Germ, traus, Su.G. krus, Belg. kroes, crispus ; Teut. iroe.'-en. Germ, kraus-en, crispare. To CREISCH, V. a. I. To grease, S. "Like the Orkney butter, neither good to eat, nor to creiich wool." S. Prov. " applied to a thing that is useful no way." Kelly, p. 237. 2. Used metaph. in reference to the use of money. S The Court o' Session weel wat I — Can creish the slaw-gawn wheels whan dry Till Session's done. Fersusson's Poems, ii. 42. 3. To criesh one's lufe, to give one money as a veil or gift ; also, as a bribe, S. " We cou'd na get a chiel to shaw us the gate, al- puibt we h'dA kreisli'd his lief [lufe] wi' a shillin." Journal from London, p. 6. The E. [ihrase, " to grease one in the fist," cor- responds in the latter sense at least ; " to bribe, to corrupt," Johns. The Fr. word is used in a me- taph. sense nearly allied ; // n'lf a pas grand graissc, there is not much gain to be made. Creische, Creesh, s. Grease, S. Full mony a waistless wally-drag, With waimis unweildable, did furth wag, In creische that did incress. Dunbar, Bannatijne Poems, p. 30. st. 9. Fr. graisse, id. Skinner derives E. grease from Lat. crass-US. 2. A stroke, a blow, S. It is used in this sense metaph. Now some for this, wi' satire's leesh, Hae gi'en auld Edinbrough a creesh. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 93. Creischie, Creishy, adj. Greasy, S. N n2 C R I I ke« bo his creishtf mow He hes beni- al ane fi-ist. Lifiid-uty, J'tiii. S. P. H. ii. 28. CREYST, /. A person who is at the same time tliminufive and loquacious. Border. PiThd.'s from Tinr. kiucs-iii, kruj/s-cn, to rnrl, to conirart. If ihc disii;iiatioii has origiiuttil from loquurily, fho orif;iu iniglit be traced in hi. kri/slc sirido. also, stridor. CREPARIS, Crkepers, i. pi. Grapnels of Iron, fur dragjjing things out of the water ; S. creetert. " lie pcrisi in Lochtay, quhare lie hapnit to be at am- liscliiiig wirh his seruanlis for his solace. His bod) was found be rrepari-, and biiryit in Colinc- kyll.". IVllend. Cron. U. ix. c. 20. Furci- nalit, Bueth. From the v. creep, because of their being dragged alongst the channel. CREVISH, s.pl. A crawfish, or crayfish. " We were by the way great exi)ences ; their inns are all like palaces ; no marvel they extortion their giic.sis : for three meals, course enough, we would pay, together *ilh our horses, L. 16 or L. 17 ster- ling. Some three dishes of creviihes, like little par- tans, 42s. sterling." Uaillie's Lett. i. 216. CREWIS,;.r«. v. Cryand Crawis, and Kais, [and] that crcisis the eorno, — Will into the cornc yard At etin and at inorne. Iloulate, i. 15. In MS. and is evidently deleted. CVes,'js may either be for craves, A. S. craj-tan. Dan. krcff-uei', pustulare; or snatches. Germ, krug-en, rapcrc; al. though the lirst seems jireferable. To CRY,!;, a. To proclaim the bans before mar- riage, S. ; corresponding to the E. phrase, to call. To Cry, v. n. To be in labour, to be in a state of parturition, S. ; to cry out, Shakspeare, id. Hence, Crying, /. Childbirth, labour, S. They likewise say, of this ■wee body, That she will make a charming howdy, To sort the wItp^, and cook the crowdy, At time o' crying. R. Gullotcuy^s I'oems, p. 121. CRYKES, pi. s. Angles, corners. Wilyam Fransoys thaim be for Clamb in crj^ies foroulh ay. Barbour, %. 602. MS. " Creeks and corners," is still a common phrase, S. AS. crecca, a creek. To CRIMP, V. a. To crumple, to plait very nicely, S. Sw. tri/mp^, to shrink, also, to wrinkle, v, a. Teul. krimp.en, contrahere. To CRINCH, V. a. i. To grind with the teeth. 2. To crincb the teeth, to rub them one against another, to gnash. In thit ttmt grynsfyng is used by Wiclif. C R O « There schall be wecpyng aud grynstjjng of teeth," Mat. viii. Kr. grinc-er les dents, Ital. grinciarc co'denH, id, CRINCH, s. A very small bit of any thing; properly of something edible, S. ; probably from the v., as denoting a small portion broken off by the teeth. To CRINE, Cryne, v. n. l. To shrink, to shrivel, by reason of heat, exposure to the air, or otherwise, S. One, who is shrivelled by age, is said to be crynit in. I haif bene formest ay in feild. And now sae laug haif born the scheild, That 1 am crynil in for eild This litle, as ye may se. Evergreen, i. 263. st. 13. All wicht but sicht of thy greit micht ay crinis. Police of Honour, iii. 94. 2. It is used improperly by Douglas, to denote the act of diminishing money by clipping it. Sura treitcheourcry»w the cunye, and kepis corne stakkis. f'irgil, 238. b. 54. Sibb. refers to Teut. kleynerett, diminuere. But here there is no aflinity. This word indeed seems more nearly allied to the Celtic, than to any Gothic term. C. B. krin-o, Ir. krion-am, to wither, Ware's Antiq. Ireland ; Gael, r.rion-um, crian-am, id. or to grow less ; crion, withered, also little ; crio~ nacli, withered sticks. A. S. scrin-ian, arescere, and Su.G. skrin, exsuccus, seem radically allied. CRINKIE-WINKIE, J. A pother, contention, umbrage, S. B. Perhaps from SuG. kramka, to be vexed in mind. Teut. kronckeUwronckel, sinuosus, flexuosus, is formed in a similar man- ner. CRISP, Crispe, Krisp, J. l. Fine linen or cob- web lawn. I haue foryet how in a robe, Of clcnely crispe side to his kueis, A bony boy out of the globe, Gaue to hir Grace the siluer keis. Buret, JVatson's Coll. ii. 13. Ane cleinly crisp hang owre his cyis. Cherrie and Slue, st. 9. This is mentioned in the description of Cupid. In the Lat. Tcrsion ; IiiTolvcns nivca de Si/ndone lumine relo. Dunbar writes krisp. — Curches, cassin thame abone, of krisp cleir and thin. Maitland Poems, p. 45. Fr. crespe, cobweb lawn. CRISTIE, Cristy, adj. " The vther lordis of Parliament to banc ane mantill of reide, rychtswa opinnit befoir, and lynit with silk, or furrit with cristy gray grece or pur- "yi togidder with an hude of the samin claith, fur- rit as said is." Acts Ja. II. 1455. c. 52. Edit. 1566. Cristic, Skene. This seems to signify crisp, curled ; Belg. kroes, Su.G. krus, id. CRO, Croy, s. The compensation or satisfac- C R O lion made for the slaughter of any man, accord- ing to his rank. '' Qiihen ane rytland vpon horse, passes tlirow the towne, and with his horse ffit strampcs to the tearth ane man gangand before hhn, swa that thereby he deceisscs ; he quha rydand coDiiiiits this fault, or suf. fers that saraine to be done, sail pay Cro and Guhies (assythment) as gif he had slanc him ^vith bis awia hand." Reg. Maj. B. iv. c. 24. s. 1. '•• The Schiref or Minister of Rcgaljtie, that mi- nisteris not the law," viz. on those who have shed blood, shall " pay to the King in, }HiDdis and the croji to the narrest of the kin of the slaine man." Acts Ja. I. U'Z6, c. 104. Kdit. 1566. The " Cro of ane Erie pf Scotland is seven tymes fwentie kye, or for ilk kow, thrie pieces of gold Ora ; — of ane I'^arles Sonne, or of ane Thane, is ane hundreth kye ; — of the sonne of ane Thane, — thrie- score sax kye ; — of ane husbandman — saxtene kye." Reg. Maj. B. iv. c. 36. I'o this day the term is used in some factories, where the workmen are in some degree bound for each other. As from their poverty, money is often advanced before the work be finished ; if any one of the workmen run oiT in arrears to his master, the rest are bound to finish the work, which is called making up his crb, S. Gael, cro signifying cows, and croo a sheep-fold or cow. pen, Dr M'Pherson supposes that this word may thus have had its origin ; as denoting that the manslayer was to make reparation in cattle taken out of his pen or fold ; Crit. Diss. xiii. It might, however, originate from Ir. crd, death. Ware seems to have viewed this term as peculiar to the Albanian Scots, or the Celts of Scotland ; Anfiq. p. 71. Eric was the synon. word among the Irish ; as JVergelt in A. S. To CROAGH, (gutt.) v. a. To strangle with a rope, Fifes. CROGE, Croys, j. One of the sails in a ship. Heis hie the croce, (he bad) al mak thaim boun, And fessyn bonettis beneth the mane sale doun. Doug. Virgil, 156. U. And now the wynd blawis wele to sale away. The maryneris glaid lajis schippis vnder croys. Ibid. 114. 29. Sw. kryss-toppf the mizen-top, kryss.segel, the inizen.topsail. Kryss has the sense of crax, cross. CROCHE, Crochert. V, Hagbut. CROCHIT. The King crochit with crown, cumly and cleir, Tuke him up by the hand With ane fair sembland. Gaaan and Got. iv. 22. Mr Pink, renders this covered ; and it is evidently the meaning, as appears from st. 28. The King, cumly with kith, wes crochit with croune. But I have met with no similar word, used in this sense. CROCKONITION, s. A term applied to any thing bruised all to pieces, so as to be rendered quite useless, Bucban. C R () Perhaps formed from Teut. krui/i, an earthen VCSbCl. CROFT-LAND, s. The land of superior qua- lity, which, according to the old mode of farm- ing, was still cropped, S. " Lime and manure were unknown, except on a few acres of what is called cruf/.land, which was never out of crop." P. Tiiiwald, Dumfr. Statist. Ace. i. 181. CROIL, Croyl, s. a crooked person, a dwarf. Of (his mismadc moidewart mischief they muit. The crooked camschoch Croyl, unchristen, they curse. Policait, fVat.ton's Coll. iii, 13. Mean's thy silly mind. Thy wit's a croil, thy judgment blind, And love worth nought ava. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 453. Cryle, expl. by Sibb. duarf, is undoubtedly the same word. It is used to denote a child that is able to speak before it can walk. Border ; which suggests the idea of its being dwarfish or ritketty. " A creil, a short, stubbed, dwarfish man;" Nor- thumb. Ray. Kilian gives kricl as a word used hi Holland in the same sense; parvulus, pumilus ; whence /cn'e/- Len, a dwarfish hen. It seems radically allied to Teut. kiol, which denotes what is contracted. To CROYN, Cron£, Croon, Crune, v. n. i. To make a continued cry, as a bull does, in a low and hollow tone, S. He said he was a lichelus bul. That croynd even day and nycht. Mail/and Poems, p. 360. Crummie nae mair for Jenny's hand will crune, Wi' milknuss dreeping frae her teats adoun. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 74. Mr Pink, renders this bclloucd. But this word, as generally used, is rather too forcible. Roust cor. responds to bellow, E., and denotes the roaring of cattle, S. But croyn signifies the murmuring or groaning noise made by them, when they want food, are pained, or are dissatisfied on what account soever. Belg. ireuii-en, iron-en, to groan, to whimper ; Isl. hryn-a, grunnire, Verel. ejulare, G. Andr. 2. To whine, to persist in moaning ; often used concerning peevish children, or adults who habitually utter heavy complaints under slight indisposition, S. 3. To hum, or sing in a low tone, S. Tam skelpit on thro' dub and mire, Despising wind, and rain, and fire; Whiles holding fast his gude blue bonnet; Whiles crooning o'er some auld Scots sonnet. Burns, iii. 330. Croyn, Crove, Crune, Croon, s. i. A hol- low, continued moan, S. Like as twa bustuous bullis by and by, — AVith front to front and home for horn attanis Uuschaud togiddir with crones AnA ferefull granis. Doug. Virgil, 437. 49. Amang the brachens, on the brae, Between her an' the moon, C R (> Ihp dcil, or else an outler qxtey, Clal lip an' ii:\v a croun. 11,11 II . ll livi-s, xwiK'h (hat for snia' iiricc Can cait hor cantraiiis aiiJ sjiV' nic ad?ici^ : Slu- can oVrcasi the niuhl, anJ cloiiJ the moon, And niak the dcils ohrdknl to hir iriirie. Hum r«w/, licta in verbis civilitate iiti; Ihre. Hence, Crozie, adj. Fawning, wheedling, Buchan : phrasing, synon. CROISHTARICH, /. The fire-cross, or signal ot war. " The moment the alarm was given that danger was apprehended, a stake of «ood, the one end dip- |H-d in blood, (the blood of any animal,) and the other burnt, as an emblem of lire and sword, was put into the hands of the jicrson nearest to where the alarm was given, who imniedialely ran with all speed, anil gave it to his nearest neighbour, whether man or woman ; that person ran to the next villai'c or cottage, (for measures had (ireviously been so concerted, that every one knew his rou(e), and so on, till Ihey went through (he whole country; upon which every man instantly laid hold of his arms, iVc. and repair.'d to C.'ar.na-cuimhiic, where they met their leaders also in arms, and ready to give the necessary orders. The s(ake of woml was named (V.)i-/i/rtric/i." P. Crathy and Braen.ar, A. licrd. Statist. Arc. xiv. 3h1. Shaw writes Crui'stdra, jierhaps from crois, a rro'is, and InnrjL multitude. TROK, t. A dwarf, Ang. drotch, synon. Su.(J. Intct, r.-piile, et per metaphorain animal C R O quodvis exigiium, Ihre. But it seems to have a nearer alViniFy to Isl. kracic, kruge, foetulus, tener jiuellus vel p'ullus ; G. Andr. p. 151. CROK, s. An old ewe, one that has given over bearing, pi. croiiis, a-oiijs, S. Crokk-i.< are thus defined, Gl. Compl. '• Sheep which are two old for breeders, and which are separated from the flock to be fattened about the time that their teeth begin to fail : hence the adj. crokkan, applied to a sheep at this period." Sum, that war ryatus as rammis, Ar now maid tame lyk ony lammis, And settin doun lyk sarye crokkis. Dunbar, Maiilaiid Poems-, p. 99. To CROK, V. n. " To suffer decay from age." Sibb. He conjectures that this v. may be formed from the last .«., or from Teut. krok-cn, curvarc. CRONACH. V. CoRANicH. CRONACHIN,/)<2r^./)r. Gossiping in a tattling sort of way, S. B. This word seems allied to E. crony, an old ac- ([iiainfancc ; generally used in S. to denote one who is somewhat in the gossiping stile; or corr. from Curanich, q. v. CRONDE, s. The croiidc, and the monycordes, the gythornis gay. Houlate, iii. 10. This seems to be croiide in MS. ; C. B. crzeth, Gael. emit. Cruzvd is used in E. forjiddle. But they are dif- ferent instruments. " Cniil is the name of a stringed instrument used of old in Scotland and Ireland, which was the same with the Welch cncdd or crxclh. For a long time past it has been confined to North Wales. — The Rev. Mr Evans gives the following account of it. Ex sex chordis felinis constat, nee eodem modo quo violiniim modulatur, quamvis a figura hand multum abhidat." Report Comui. Highland Soc. App. p. 268. To CRONE, V. n. To use many words in a wheedling sort of way, Buchan ; synon. Phrase. CRONY, s. A potatoe, Dumfr. It seems to be a cant term. Hence crony-hill, a potatoe-field. To CROOK, 11. n. To halt in walking, to go lame, S. " We halt and crook, ever since we fell." Ruther- ford's Lett. P. I. cp. 61. " It is ill crooking before cripples;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 45. Sw. krok.ia, id. Crook, s. A halt, S. " If yc mind to walk to heaven, without a cramp or a crook, 1 fear ye must go your alone." Ruther. ford's Lett. P. II. ep. 2. V! Crickis. CROOKSADDLE, r. A saddle for supporting panniers, S. B. '^ Creels and ciook.saddles are entirely in disuse." P. Alford, Aberd. Statist. Ace. xv. 462. " Horse-loaivaiN lo l>o lo a cock, who is said to be tiame, wlitMi hi- bri^lll•^. iip his feathers, so as to m.iko thiiii appoar a.s if curled. Dan. irtit-a, a- durnu, cinriniiiiin paro ; CI. Andr. p. 155. Crouseness, s. Appearance of stlf-importancc, or of courajje, S. Aja\ for a' his crouseness now, Cud na Hfl out his >Hord. /*(«•«,< in the liuchan Dialect, p. 24. Crouselv, adv. With confidence; often as also implying some degiee of petulance, S. How iruuslij dors he ^tand ! His tacs turu'd out, on his left haunch his hand. Raiii\(ijj\t Poems, i. 354. To CROUT, v. n. 1. To make a croaking, mur- muring, or rumbling noise, S. pronounced croot. And O, as he rattled and roar'd, And graiii'd, and nuutcr'd, and croiiled, And Bessie tu tak ana shur'd. Jamicion'x Popular Hall. i. 298. Kxpl. " made a noise like the roaring of cattle when they threaten each other; Gl. But it never, as far as 1 knon, denotes a roaring noise. If ap- plied to cattle, it might be as synon. with croyii, cruTte. The belly Is said to croot, when there is a noise in the intestines in consequence of Hatuleuce. The Ciermans have at least a syiion. phrase; Der bnuch gurrel, the belly rumbles. 2. To coo, as a dove ; also, to emit that sound which is made by an infant in its throat, wlien well pleased, S. *' The dou cruiili/ hyr sad sang that soundit lyik sorrou." Conipl. S. p. (Jo. V. C'liouD. CROWD IE, s. I. Meal and water in a cold state, stirred together, so as to form a thick gruel, S. Tliere will be drammock, and croicdie. Rif toil's S. Poems, i. 211. Croicdy-nioicdi) is sometimes used in the saine sense. \\ ith cruiidj/ iiioicdj/ they fed me. Ibid. p. 182. J. It is frequently used as a designation for food of the porridge kind in general. (irind ^h^^ graddcii, grind it: ^Ve'll a' get cro:cdie whan it's done, And bannocks stecvc to bind it. Jamioon's Popular Hall. ii. 355. " Keep your breath to cool yow croKdiv;" Ram. say's S. I'rov. p. 47. This word is very ancient, and claims affinity «i(h a variety of similar terms in other Inugiiages. Su.G. grf>t, \y\. graiit.iir, pulse made of meal and water, edulii genus ex aiju.i et farma coiifcctum. A.S. gnit,gri;t, Heli{.^rH/^c,(;erm.^r«s,v, meal, V). grout, coarse meal ; S. groat',, oats that have the husk taken off, and arc partially Kruaiid. Shctl. grattc, id. Fr. griinttf, •^rioltf, ineal. Henee, CRowDiE-TtMi;, s. Time of taking breakfast; crowdu being here used, as above, rather in a lodicrous sense, for porridge, S. C R O Then I gacd hame at crotcdie-time, .\n' soon I made me ready. To CROWL, V. n. To crawl, S. 11a! whare ye gaun, ye crorslin ferlie, Vour impudence protects you sairly. To a Louse, Hums, iii. 228. Belg. krioel-cn, id. CROWTNELL, s. A small crown, a coronet. Her crozcnell picht with mony precius stane Infirit all of birnand flawis schane. Doug. Virgil, 207. 16. L. B. coronula, parra corona ; Du Gauge. CROWNER, Crownare, Crounal, s. j. An officer, to whom it belonged to attach all per- sons, against whom there was any accusation in matters pertaining to the crown. There seems to have been one for each county, and in many in- stances for each district. The office was mate- rially the same with that of Coroner in E, *' ,\ll attachments perteines to the Croicner, quherc the accnser makes mention, in his iccusation, of the breaking of the King's peace. Otherwaii*, gif he makes na mention thereof, the attachment perteines to the shiref." Lawes Male. II. c. 16. Til Elandonan his Crownare past, For til arest mysdoaris thare. (Vijnlo-u:n, viii. 24. 120. 2. He who had the charge of the troops raised in one county. " When all were ordained to send out the fourth man, we (in the sheriftdom of Ayr) sent out 1200 foot and horsemen, under Lord Loudon's conduct as croKner. — Renfrew had chosen Montgomery their crotsner." Baillie's Lett. i. 164. " Our crozcners lay in canvas lodges, high and wide; their cajitains about them in lesser ones; the soldiers about all in huts of timber, covered with divot or straw. Our croisners for the most part were noblemen." ibid. i. 175. Here it is used, allliough improperly, in the same sense with colonel, Hisp. Belg. coronet,, S. pron. cornel. Crounal seems to have the same signification. Sen lor loun IVillox to be your fro«««; Strang, Qnhais heid and schouldcrs ar of beuk aneuch, I'hat was in Scotland vyreenin you amang, Quhen as he drave, and Knox held steve the pleuch. Nicol Uurne, Chron. S. P. iii. 455. Crownarship, s. The office of a crowner. The first certain proof of the existence of this of- fice occurs in the reign of David II. " Carta to Allan Erskine, of the office of the CroKtiarship of Fyfc and Fothryf." Robertson's Index, p. 50. 4. This is sometimes expressed by the L. B. term. " Carta to Ade Coussor, of the office Cronarie, in viccconi. dc Berwick." Ibid. p. 30. 4. Although ill most instances, as would seem, the coroneiship incliided a county, it was occasionally ronlincd within very narrow iimits. •j Carta ty Gilbert Carrick, anc liferent of the C R U office of Coronership betwixt the waters of Air and Doue." Ibid. p. 41. NO. 42. This is evidently an error for Done, or Doiine, the Doon celebrated by Burns. CROWNER, J-. The name of a fish. V. Crooner. .CROW-PURSE, s. The ovarium of a skate, Orkn. CRUB AN, s. A disease of cows, S. B. • '' The cruban prevails about the end of summer, 'Ud during harvest, and is produced by hard grass, scarcity of pasture, and severe sucking of the calves. The cows become poor, exhausted, and scarcely able to uiOTe, while their hinder legs are contracted to- wards their fore feet, as if fheN- were dra^v n by cords. The only remedy ib to give them ease, soft [lasture, and prevent them from being so much exhausted by suckling the calves." Prize Essays, llighl. Soc. S. ii. '209. CRUBAN, s. A sort of pannier made of wood for fixing on a horse's back, Caitliu. " Tne tenants carry home their peats, and some lead their corn, in what they call crubaiis." P. Wick, Statist. Ace. x. 23. CKUDS, s. pi. Curds, S. ct-uuds., Bucha.n, He — roos'd my crud^\ and said, to eek my praise, He ne'er had feasted better a' his days. Shirrcfs' Poems, p. 142. Cruby Butter, " a kind of cheese, only- made by the Scots, whose curds being generally of a poorer quality than the Etiglish, they mix with butter to enrich it." Sir J. Sinclair's Observ., p. 154. CRUE-HERRING, s. Apparently the Shad or Mother of Herrings, Clupea Alosa, Linn. V. Penn. p. 296. Alosa minor a Cruc-Uerriiig. Sibb. Scot. p. 93. Are they thus named, because so large that they are Cometiroes detained in cruves? CRUELL, «^'. 1. Keen in battle. Perseys war trew, and ay of full gret waill, Sobyr in pess, and cruell in battaill. Wallace, iii. 308. MS. 2. Resolute, undaunted. Oftmanhcid thai in hartis ciuell was ; Thai thocbt to wyn, or neuir thine to pass. Ibid. vi. 5(J0. MS. 3. Terrible. The awful ost, with Eduuard off Ingland, To Beggar come, with sexte thousand men. In wer wedis that cruell war to ken. IVallace, vi. 341. MS. 4. Acute. " Cruel pain," acute pain, S. CRUELS, s. The king's evil, scrophula, S. Fr. ecroudles, id. " Not long after, his right hand and right knee broke out in a running sore, called fhe cruels. — Not many days after he died in great terror, and used to cry out. This is the hand I lift up to take the Test, and this is <.he knee I bowed." Wodrow, ii. 445. CRUFE, Cruife, Crove, s. l. A hovel, a mean hut, S. cru, S. B. C R U The pure husband hes nocht Bot cott and cnije, upone a clout of land. Henrysone, Bannalj/ne Poems, p. 120. st. 17, 1 that very day Frae Roger's father fook my little crove. Rainsiij^'i Poems, u. 186. 2. A stye. " Crrffera, or hara poixorum, a.ne cruife, or ane swinescrw//, — quhilk in sum auld buikes is called ane ilj/e." Skene, Verb. Sign. Isl. kroo, Su.G krog, Tent, kroegh, all signify a tavern or alehouse, but it seems more ni'arly allied to Isl. hroo, Itroiif, structura vilis, — qualis navigio. rum statiuncula; G. Andr. Perhaps we may viiiw as cognate terms, A. S. criift. Tent, kroftc, kn/ftc, a vault or hollow place under ground, a cave; as Corn, kroi! signifies a hut, a sly ; Ir. cro, id. CRUISKEN ofivhisky, a certain measure of this liquor, Aug. Dan. krutis, a cup, a goblet to drink out of, a mug. This word, howevtr, has probably been im. ported from the Highlands; as Ir. critisgin signifies a small pot or pitciicr. CRUKE, s. A circle, y^t the monys cruke, at full moon. It semys ane man war manglit, theron list luke. Like dremcs or dotage in the monys criikc. Doug. Virgil, Prol. 158. 29. " He uses the word cruke, or crook, for circle, when the moon's orb is round and full. Thus we say, S. He haL The windings of a river, S. The Persye said, Forsuth he is nocht ded; The cruiis oft" Forth he knawis wondyr weyll j He is on lyff, that sail our natioune feill : Quheu he is strest, than can he swym at will, Gret strenth he has, bath wyt and grace tharo. till. Wallace, v. 313. MS. The noble Ncidpath Peebles overlooks. With its fair bridge and Tweed's oieandring crooks ; Upon a rock it proud and stately stands, And to the fields about gives forth commands. Pennecuik's Ticeeddale, p. 30. Isl. krok-r. anguhis; deflexio itineris; G. Andr. p. 153. Su.G. hrok ; krok-a, curvare. The use of this word renders it probable that Unks^ the term which denotes the land included in Oo C R U (hf crukis, contains an allusion to the links of a To'"»^ RULGE, I', a. To contract, to draw to- gelhcr, b. 'llms a hunchbacked person, or one wlio is rickety, is said to be aw crulged the- git her. .... . It IS ahii iiscil in a nciit. sense, as signifying, to draw thi- body lo;;i'lhi'r. Ihl|) llie sakcless saul, AVlia, llio' hi'* |>iilse beats hrisk and baul', Is forc'd to bide (lie frost and caul' Whan he lies down, And, crulgin', lay himsel' t«a-faul', And hap his crown. Shirrejy Poems, p. 358. Tcut. kroll.cn, knill.cn, intorquerc, sinuarc, licc- tcre. Isl. krii/l.ti, confundere. It seems radically the same with Croil, q. v. Crulge, j. a confused coalition, or conjunc- tion of different objects. Sometimes it includes the idea of collision, S. Isl. iiull, confiisio. CRUMMIE, Crummock, s. A name for a cow; properly, if I mistake not, one that has crook- ed horns, S. My cnimniie is an useful cow, And she is come of a good kinc. Atiht Cloak, Tea Table Misccll. They tell me ye was in the other day. And sauld your crutninnck, and her bassand quey. R(tmsai/'s Poems, ii. 87. Isl. krumme, Su.G. Dan. krum, A. S. crumb, Belg. krom. Franc. Germ, knimm, C. B. crismm, achricm, Gael, crom, crooked. Isl. krumma is e- quivaleut to ^. goiipen and goupciifoic. 1. Palma cxtensa ct camura. 2. Quantum manu capi potest ; G. Andr. p. 153. Crummock, Crummie-stick, s. A staff with a crooked head, for leaning on, S. But witlier'd beldams, auld and droll, — Low pine; and Hinging on a crummock, I wonder didna turn lliy stomach. Burns, iii. 333. CRUMMOCK, s. Skirret, a plant, S. Sium sisarum, Linn. " Cahbage, turnip, carrot, parsnip, skirret, or cnimmockx, &e. grow to as great a bigness here as any wlifre." Wallace's Orkney, p. 35. It is also men lonid by Brand, p. '24. Gai-\. crumag, a skirret, Shaw ; perhaps denomi- nate'.l from its being somewhat crooked in form. To CRUMP, V. a. To make a crashing noise in eating any thing that is hard and brittle, S. Tib's teeth the sugar plums did crump. Morisnn's Poem.i, p. 1 9. Crump, Crumpie, adj. Crisp, brittle ; applied to bread that is baked dry, E. crimp. — Farls bak'd wi' buiicr Fu' trump mat day. Hums, iii. 31. Auld auntie, now three score an' sax, Quick DiumbK'd them .sae crumpie. Rev. J. Nicol's PoemSf i, 28. CUD Johnson derives the K. word from crumble or crimlile. Perhaps it is rather allied to Teut. krenip. en, to contract ; as bread of this kind, by a sitiiilar metai)h., is said to be slior/. To CRUNE. V. Croyn. To CRUNKLE, v. a. l To cress, to rumple, S. A. Bor. part, pa, crir.kePd, E. creiiclid^ Chaucer. Sw. sirynkln, id. 2. Shrivelled, contracted, S. Teut. kronckcl-cn, Belg. krinkcl-cn, to curl, t* wrinkle ; ge-kronkeld, full of windings, bent ; Su.G. skrynkla, to wrinkle. Crunkle, s. a cress, a wrinkle, S. CRUNT, s. A blow on the head with a cud- gel, S. An' mony a fallow got his licks, Wi' hearty crunt. Uur9is, iii. 255. CRUPAND. V. Croup, v. CRUVE, Cruive. s. a box or inclosure, made with spars, like a hen-crib, generally placed in a dam or dike that runs across a river, for the purpose of confining the fish that enter into it, S. " Item, that al cruttlt & yairis set in fresche wai- ters, quhair the sey filiis and ebbis, the quhilk de- stroyis the fry of all lischeis, be destroyit and put away for eucr mair." Acts Ja. I. 1424. c. 13. Edit. 1561. Su.G. krubba, praesepc. For there is no good reason to doubt that it is originally the same word with E. crib. CRUTLACHIN,/iar^./>?-. Conversing in a silly tattling way, S. B. ; perhaps a dimin. from the v. Crout, q. V. CUCHIL, CuTHiL, s. " A forest, grove, spe- cial place of residence," Rudd. Ane thik aik wod, and skuggy fyrris stout Belappit al the said cuchil about. Doug. Virgil, 264. 37. Neraus, Virg. There grew ane fir wod, the quhilke into daynte Full mony yeris held I, as is knaw ; This was ray cuthil and my hallouit schaw. Ibid. 277. 4. Rudd. derives it from Fr. couche, lectus, scdes. But c!(/A/7 seems to be the reading in both MSS. ; allied to C. B. coedaicl, belonging to a forest, coed/a^)!, a place plant, d with trees; ioed, koeduig, Coin, iuit, Arm. koat, a wood. CUCK-STULE, CuKSTULE. V. Cock-stule. CUD, s. A strong staft', S. cudgel, E. Teut. kodde, kud.se, a club ; clava, Kilian. To Cud, v. a. To cudgel, S. Cuddy- RUNG, X. A cudgel. Tliat c.7(/(/y rung the Di umfres full May him ri'Strauc againe this Yuil. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 108. ' CUDBEAR, .f. The Lichen omphalodes, Dark purple Dyer's Lichen ; used as a dye-stuff, S. " Tliis is a manufacture for making a dye-stuff, now hecoming an ustful article, and employed-cidefly in the woollen and silk manufactures of Britain,'ilnd CUD is made from an excrescence that grows npon rocks and stones, a species of the licchen or rock-moss, which, with certain cliemical preparations, makes a dye-stuff" called cudbear. It was known and used as a dye-stuff' in (he Highlands of Scotland by the name of corke.i or crolte/, some hundred years ago." Barony P. Glasgow, Statist. Ace. xii. 113. CUDDIE, J. An ass, Loth.; most probably a cant term. CUDDIE, CuTH, s. The cole-fish. " The fish which frequent the coast are herrings, ling, cod, skate, mackerel, haddocks, flounders, sye and cuddies." P. Durinish, Sky, Statist. Ace. It. 131. V. CcTH. The Cuddic is elsewhere mentioned as the same ■with the saith. V. Seath. Here, the si/e, as distin- guished from it, may denote the pollack or sythe, the Norw. name of which is sci/ ; Pennant's Zool. iii. 154. first edit. CUDDING, s. The name for char, Ayrs. " In both loch and river [Doon] there arc sal- mon, red and white trouts, and ciiddings, or charr." P. Straiton, Ayrs. Statist. Ace. iii. 589. To CUDDLE, CuDLE, v. n. To embrace, ge- nerally with the prep, in afS.Ked, S. I wat na how it came to pass. She cuddled in wi' Jounie, And tumbling wi' him on the grass, Dang a' her cockernonny Ajeethatday. Rainsaj/^s Poeim, i. 273. It is often applied to a child nestling in its nurse's bosom ; Cumb. codde/, id. Cuddle is used by Prior, but merely as signifying to lie close, to squat. She cuddle'^ low behind the brake. Johnson Tiews it as " a low word — without ety. mology." But it may be from Teut. kudd-en coirc, conTenire; or C. B. caddigl, cubiculum, from cud- dio, abscondere, celare. CUDDLIE, /. A whispering, or secret mutter- ing among a number of people, S. B. Perhaps allied to Belg. kout-en, to talk, to dis- course ; or a dimin. from Isl. kued-a, id. To CUDDUM, CuDDEM, v. a. l. " To cuddum a beast," to make it tame and tractable. Cud- dumin siller, is money given to a shepherd, that he may be attentive to a beast newly joined to the herd or drove, S. B. 2. To bring into domestic habits; applied to per- sons, S. AVell, aunt, ye please me now, well mat ye thrive! Gin ye her cuddum, I'll be right belyTC. Ross's Helenore, p. 40. Alas ! she'll be my dead, Unless ye cuddem and advise the lass, Wha has to me a heart as hard as brass. Morison's Poems, p. 121. Teut. kudde signifies a flock, and kudd-en, to go or flock together. But it seems to be rather from Fr. accDutum.er, to accustom. Cuddum, adj. Tame, usually applied to a beast, S. B. Fr. accoutume, V. the v. C U I CUBE, CODIE, s. (pron. as Gr. «). A small tub, Ang. V. Goodie. CUDE, Code, s. A chrysom, or face-cloth for a child at baptism, according to the Romish form. " The Earl of Eglington carried the salt, the Lord Semplc the aide, and the Lord Ross the bason and ewer." Spotswood, p. 197. I pray God, and (he holy rude. Sen he had smord inlill his cudc, And all his kyn. Pink. S. P. R. ii. p. 176. — You was cristened, and cresomed, with candle and code, Folowed in fontestone, on frcly befornc. Sir Gazean and Sir Gal. i. 18. Abp. Hamiltoun describes this as if it were a co- vering for the body. " Last of all the barne that is baptizit, is cled •with ane quhite lynuing claith callit ane cude, quhilk betakins tliat he is clcnc weschiii fra al his syunis, that he is brocht to the libcrtie of the Haly Spreit, that he suld lyue ane innocent lyfc all the dais of his lyfp, aye quhil he cum to the iugement seit of our saluiour." Catechisme, Fol. 132^. The word occurs in O. E. " Cudc, cude-clofh, a chrysom, or facecloth for a child. — Probably Gude- cloth, 1. e. God's cloth, or the holy |)iece of linen, used in the dedication of the child to God." Cowel. Perhaps rather from C. B. cudd-io, to cover, to conceal. CUDE, Guide, ad/. Harebrained, appearing as one deranged, Border ; synon. sieer. This word is entirely different, both in sense and pronunciation, from cozoUl, suppressed ; and may be allied to Isl. kuid-u to fear evil, tjuide, fear, quidin, timid, fearful ; meticulosus, G. Audr. It may have originally denoted that temporary derangement which is produced by excess of fear. Teut. keye, how- ever, signifies stultus, insanus, vacillans cerebro ; also as a s., a disease of the brain ; Kilian. But as it is used precisely in the same sense with Skezs'd, q. v., it may have been originally the same word, the f being thrown away ; this letter being very am- bulatory, in the beginning of words, in dilierent Goth, dialects. CUDEIGH, s. A gift, a bribe ; a premium for the use of money. Loth. ; a gift conferred clan, destinely, S. Sibb. derives it from Gael. cuid, a share or part. Cuidaigh-am signifies to help, to assist, Shaw. But sickerly I took good tent. That double pawns, With a cudeigh, and ten ))er cent, Lay in my hands. Ramsaj/'s Poems, i. 308. CUFE, s. A simpleton, S. V. Goof. CUFF of the ?ieck, the fleshy part of the neck be- hind, S. ; perhaps from Fr. cou, the neck. To CUINYIE, V. a. To coin, to sti-ike money. " That the cui nyeouris vnder the pane of deid, nouther cuinyie Demy, nor vthcr that is cryit till haue cours in the land, nor yit vi. d. grotis." Acts Ja. II. 1436. c. 64. Edit." 1566. Oo 2 C U L Fr. eni'ii^r, kl. L. B. cun.irc, cunco iiotare, fy- pu>igii4rc; Uii Caiiuc. CuiNYiE, /. 1. Coin, money, S. B. " 'rhiil Ihair bo aiio Ircvv iub^larilioiis man, — ijiihilk »all form; """"I'yi and cuiiii/c to scruo the Wuigislie^is." AcUja. I V. 1139. 0.^34. Kilit. 16G6. The law III- iiiailo, lat him be paid back just in his aiu ciiinjjie. Poems in the liuchan Dialect, p. 8. 2. The mint. " Ai for the sillier wark of this realmc, quhilk is broi-ht to the caini/ic, that is not sa fync, the ^aid cuinyeuur sail gif and dcliuer thairfoir the Tcrray auale to the awnar of the said biluer." Acts Ju. IV. 1 jsy. c. 34. Kdit. ISGG. Cuis'YiE-iiousE, /. The mint. '' I'hc Taloure of money, sauld in the ciiini/ie- houjc, !>iild be modilied be (Joldsmithes." Skene, Index to Arts of I'arliaincnt. CuiNVioURE, /. The master of the mint. V. CUINYIE, V. CUIRIE, }. Stable, mews. '' The King of France caused his Mr Stabler to pa«5 to his ii//r/e, where his great horse were, and vrajed a dozen of the best of them, wiili all things re- quisite to them, and present them to the King of Scotland." Fitscottie, p. 159. Fr. c>cMnV, id. It is also written Quirie, q. r. CUISSER, CussER, s. A stallion, S. Wiihotit the ciiisserx prance and nicker, An' o'er (he lee.rig scud. Fergiisson's Poems, ii. "28. V. Clrsour. CUIST, /. A term allied to Custroun, q. v. And wc mcll, thou slialt yell, little custroun cuist. Policait, ff'al.suii\i Coll. iii. 1. CUITCHOURIS, s. p!. "■ Gamesters, gamblers ; also smugglers, those who lie in wait to carry on some secret trade. Fr. couchcur ; or per- haps from Teut. ku'e, talus, a cubical cone used as a die." Gl. Sibb. V. CoucHER. CULDEES, CuLDEY, a sort of monkish preachers, who formerly resided in Scotland and Ireland, were greatly celebrated for their piety, and chose some of their own society as their overseers. The latter were designed by early writers, without distinction of place or rank, Scotortim epiicobi, " These Ctililrcs, and overseers of others, had no other emulalion but of well doing, nor striving, but to ^(Itanre true piety and godly learning." D. Buchanan's I'ref. lo Knox's Hist. C. i. b. ° " In this tymc the Scotiis began to be rycht profound in theologie and haly writ, be doctiync of ciTtane monkis, quhilkis wer eallit in thay da\is tiiliteif, that is to say, the honoraris of Cod. For than a! prieslis that honorit Cod war eallit c»/,/ef. rhir priest.s be general voeis chesit ane bischop (o have aiieloriti- and jurisdiction aboue Ihaym." UeU lend. I, ron. U. vi. c. 5. Aerording to Hoece and Buchanan, they were called Lutdci, .,. cultures Dei, or worshippers of 0.)d, from Lat. colo and Dcus. Spotswood thinks C U M that they were named from the cells in which they lived ; Jlist. p. 4. Others have embraced still more far-fetched etj, Dions. Nicolson says that Culdee signilies a black monk, as being meant to denote the colour of the ro.v/, Ir. culia ; Prcf. to Irish Kisi. Library. Some have supposed that this word was borrowed from the Greeks, in the same way as the aamcs bishop, presbyter, deacon, and monk, liave come to us from them ; for their monks conliiicd to cells arc called KiA^iMTMi. V. Goodall, Intrud, ad ScotichroD. p. 68. The origin assigned by Obricn is certainly prefer- able to any of these. In Ir. it is Ceile-De, from eeilc, a servant, and Dc, God. Goodall ado)-.ts this et}inon ; observing that, in more aiicien', MSS., the word is not written C'uldei, but Kcledci, and that the more leariud in our ancient language atBrni, that the word is comi)ounded of ieile a servant, and Did, God. Dr Smith gives the same etymon. " The word Ketiilei is, in fact, merely the Latinized Gaelic phrase Gille De, which signifies Famuli Dei, or " Servants of God." Life St. Columba, p. 162. Toland, however, contends that Kelcdei is '• from the original Irish or Scottish word Ct'ilcde, signify- ing, separated or espoused to God.'''' Nazarcnus, Ace. of an Irish MS. p. 51. " It has also been said, that Gael, cuil and ceal, signifying a sequestered corner, cave, &c., those who retired to such a place were called Cuildeach, plur. Cuildich ; which they who spoke or wroJe La- tin, turned into Culdeus and Culdci, altering only the termination." P. Blair-Atholl, Statist. Ace. ii. 461.462. " Culdee is a Gaelic word, signifying a monk or hermit, or any sequestered person. Cuildeach is common to this day, and given to persons not fond of society. The word is derived from Cuil, a re. tired corner." P. Kilfinichen Argyles. Statist', Ace. xiv. 200. N. To CULYE, CuLYiE, (erroneously printed CuL- ZE,) V. a. 1. To coa.x, to cajole, to flatter, to entice, S. To culye in with one, to at- tempt to gain one's affection, by wheedling, to curry favour, S. iSow him withhaldis the Phenitiane Dido, And culi/cis him with slekit wordis sle. Dvug. Virgil, 34. 22. 2, To soothe. — Schc hir lang round nek bane bowand raith. To gif them souck, can thaym culye bayth, Seinand sclie suld (hare bodyis by and by Lik with hir toung, and clenge ful teiidirly^ ll>id.'lii6.3. Mulcebat, Virg. It IS also used to denote the ceremonies reckoned necessary to give peace to the manes of (he dead. The purpour tlouris I sail skattir and pull, That I may straw with sic rewardis at leist My iieuoes saule to culi/e and to feist. _ , . Ibid. 197. 54. 3. lo cherish, to fondle. This sayand, scho the bing asccndis on anc. And gan embrace half dede hir sister germane, I C U L Culi/eand in hir bosiira, and murnand ay. Ibid. 124. 10. Fovebat, Vir^. 4. To gain, to draw forth. " Our narrow counting ciilijies no kindness." — 5. ProT. " When people deal in rii;oiir with lis, we think ourselves but little obliged to them." Kul. ly, p. 273. 5. To train to the chace. The cur or inastis he haldis at smale aualc, And culyeis spanyeartis, to chace partrik or quale. Doug. Virgil, '272. !• Rudd. views this as " probably from Fr. cueillir, to gather, pick or choose out." Sibb. renders it, " to cully, to impose upon, to gull." But this throws no light either on the signilication or origin. Did we derive it from Fr., the most natural origin would be col/er, to embrace, la fairc tenir a, nne autre avec de la colle, Diet. Trev. ; whence E. co/l, o. to clip and cull; from Lat. coU.um, the neck. CoUeesh rendered, tlatteries aft'ectees, on tromperies affectees ; Gl. Rom. de la Rose. But it is probably allied to Su.G. kel-a, blandiri, which Ihre traces to Gr. icnMti, blandior ; kel-a, to cocker, to fondle ; hela med en, to make much of one, Wideg. Ihre, TO. Ka/sa, sermocinari, mentions Sc. cid:c as a cog. nate word. But, from the absurd orthography, he has most probably been misled as to the sound. Gr. «oA«| is a flatterer ; Gael, callag.am to flatter, Shaw. CuLYEON, s. A poltroon, E. cullion. But Wallace quickly brought the ciilyeon back, And there gave him the whissle of his plack. Hamilton's IVallace, p. 36. CuLLioNRY, s. The conduct of a poltroon ; from E. cullion. " Argyle's enemies had of a long time burdened him, among many slanders, with that of cowardice and cullionry." Baillie's Lett. ii. 284. CULLAGE, s. " Habit, figure or shape of body," Rudd. Men mycht sc hym aye With birssy body porturit and visage, Al rouch of haris, semyng o( ciillage In mannys forme, from the coist to his cronn, Bot from his bally, and thens fordwart doun, The remanent straucht like ane fyschis tale. Doug. Virgil, 322. 5. Lye renders this " apparel, habit," deriving it from Ir. culaigh, id. But he seems to have been misled as to the sense, by the resemblance of the word which he adopts as the etymon. For the terra apparently refers to the characteristic marks of sex. Triton, here described, not only displayed the hu. man form, from his sides upwards, as distinguished from a fish ; but that of a man, as opposed to the figure of a female. The word seems f.>rmcd from Vr. couille ; whence couillage, " a tribute paid in times past by Priests for licences to keep wenches ;" Cotgr. L. B. culag-ii(m, tributuin a subditis matri- inonio jungcndis, I3omino exsolvendum : Du Cauge. CULLOCK, CuLLEocK, J-. A species of shell- fish, Shetland. " The shell-tish are spouts, muscles, cockles, cid- locks, smurlins, partans, crabs, limpets, and black wilks," P. Uast, Statist. Ace. v. 99. CUM " The Cullock is the Tcllina rhomboidrs ; and the same nam- seems to be sometimes applied also to the Venus Erj cina, and Mactra solida." Neill's Tour, p. 93. ' CULMES, CuLMEz, s. A rural club. To mak debate, he held in til his hand Ane rural club or culmez in stode of brand. Doug. Virgil, 388. 53. Perhaps allied to Ir. cuaille, a club ; Fr. gulima'i- siie, id. CULPIT, part. pa. Thocht ye be culpit al togiddir, With silk and sowlis of siluer fyne; Ane dog may cum out of Balquidder, And gar yow leid ane lawer tryne. Lyndsuy's I'Varkis, 1592, p. 305. It certainly should be read cup I it ; edit. 1670, coupled. Sozvlis, (edit. 1670, sooles) swivels. Isi. szccijla, volutare. CULREACH, J-. A surety given to a court, in the case of a person being repledged from it. V. Repledge. " Gif he is repledged to his Lords conrt, he sail leaue behinde him (in the court, fra the quhilk he is repledged) ane pledge called Culreuch, quha sail be bound and oblissed, that justice sail be done against the defender in his Lords court, to the quhilk the defender is repledged." Quon. Attach, c. 8. s. 4. it is erroneously printed Cudreach in Du Cangc. Sibb. says that this is a corr. of A. S. gildan redd, arrha. But the A. S. word is ^^rfun-a'crfrf. Erskinc gives a more rational etymon., " from the Gaelic cul, which signifies back, and rack, cautioner." Institute, B. i. Tit. iv. s. 8. He seems to hare understood the term cul, as signifying that the cri- minal was repledged, or called bad from the court before which he was carried on the ground of a proper pledge. The term, however, which signifies a surety is urradh., Gael, cul, another word of the same form, denotes custody, and reachd, a law. CULROUN, Culroin, s. " A rascal, a silly fellow, a fool," Rudd. He makes it equiva- lent to E. cullji or cullion. The cageare callis furth his capyl wyth crakkis wele cant, Caltand the colyeare ane knaif and culroun full quere. Doug. Virgil, 238. a, 51. For hichtines the culroin dois misken His awin maister, as weill as uthir men. Bn>i?!Citj/7ie Poems, p. 142. It is sometimes used as an u((j. " He said, quhare is yon culroun knaif?" It has been derived from Ifal. cogltone, a fool ; from " Fr. couille, a lubbarly coward, and the common termination roun,'' &c. But more proba- bly it is from Belg. kul, tcsticulus, colc{ts (evidently from the same origin) and ruyn-en, castrare, eraas- culare, whence ruyn, a gelding. Thus, to call one a culroun, was to oli'cr him the greatest insult ima- ginable. It does not so properly signify a rascal, as a mean sillv fellow. To CUM to, V. n. 1. To recover, S. " Thoch I be nut in perfyte helthe, yet I find C U M iny?flf in rtrj gude in the cumiiig to." Knox's Hi.t. (). 276. ■ . ^ . . , This is a Gothic idiom. Sii.O. kummn sig, Kom. ma 'ig fore, qui c.\ graviorc morbo ad sauitatein re- d.uni, Ihrc. . . t , j e 2. To make advancement in the knowledge ot any science, an, or piece of work, S. 3. To rise to a state of honour, to be advanced from any station to another that is higher, S. •• Aflcr that David was made a king, ho that was keeping >hiO|> before; in truth he came very well to. Scotch I'ri'sb. Eloq. p. 123. CoMD, /"Trr. /ifl. Come, Loth. Or art thou aimd of Fhorames, Or of ihi' mon^tiT Odites ? liurel's Pil^. IVatsnn's Cnll. ii. 51. Thi> provincialism is most jirobabl) of long stand- ing, biinK at least two centuries old. CUMERLACH, Ccmberlach, s. A runaway bondman. 'I'his term occurs in some old chnrters ; particii- Urly in one sranted by David I., and in another by AVilliam the I^yon. Do Fugitivis qui rocanfur Cumberlach. David Rex Scottorum, \c. I'recipio quateiius cito Ciinier- Itichi reddnntur occlesie Sanctc Trinitatis de Dun- (ermlin, el oniiies »c/"rj sui quos pater moits ct mater niea ct frafrcs mei ci dcderunt, ct Ciimcrluchi sui a tempori Kduari Regis usque nunc cum tota pccuuia tua ubitnuquc invcniantur, et prohibco nc injusfc retineantur. Ap. Dalyell's Fragments, Append. Ko ii. De fu^itivis qui vocantur Cumerlaches. Praeci- pio lirmitcr ut ubirnnque monachi do Dunferm. lyn, aut servicntcs eorum Cuincrbus ct Cumciiachos • U04 invcnire poterinl, cos juste habeant. Chartul. Uiinfcmil. Vol. ii. Fol. 13. 'I'liis part of the t'hartulary is supposed to have been written not later than 1250 or 12G0. From the lirst extract, it appears that tliesc were bondmen, who had been given to the Monastery of Dunfermline. Did wc look for a Goth, origin, we mitcbt conjecture that it had been formed from cum. tnar, cummer, ¥.. cum/icr, and A. S. /ens, ISIocsG. /aui, kc. q. released from service. Did wc view rt as Gael., it might seem to include (he term /near. lath, a thief, with a part of the v. r/ir/uaw, to see, or ^oiiie other word, prefixed. But as we have met with no vevlige of it any where else, and as it is va. ried in form in one of these charters, the etymon BHisi he Ii ft as quite uncertain. CUMLIN, /. Any animal that attaches itself to a person or place of its own accord, S. A euirilin-cat, one that takes up its residence in a house spontaneously. O. E. komelt/nge denotes a stranger, a new comer. Oil! he seide, the grel.' despit, that y se to me here That this file (vile) and komelj/ngcs casteles leteth re re Op on my lond baldelichc, as me for to a fere. Ii. Glmic. p. 18. tomcltng is yet used in E, as a country word, C U N denolin" one newly come. Baillie derives it from Germ, an.komeling, id. CUMMAR, s. Vexation; difficulty, entangle- ment, E. cumber. " Deliuir vs fra all dangears and perrcllis of fyrc & watlir, of fyirllauchtis and thundir, of hungar aud derth, seditioun & battel, of pleyis and cummar, seiknes and pestilence, &c. Abp. Hamiltoun's Calcchisme, Fol. 190, b. lielg. kommer, id. CUMMER, Ki.MMER, .f. 1. A gossip, a compa- nion, S. Till ane Yule evn your wyfes to connsall went, Than spak ane Lawers wyfc baith trim and gent, CiiDimers, (quod scho) it is pietie to se Folk in a towne for cald and hounger die. It is mair schame in burgh for to se beggers, Nor it is scaith in Cramont to want dreggers. — Sa thay did skaill, and scho tuke with hir Pryde, And on the mornc scho cam furth lyk an bryde, AVitii hir new gaist as proud as ane peycock, Aud in hir hart scho did her Cummers mok. Lamentation L. Scotl. F. 6. a. " Good your common to kiss your kimmer," S. Prov. ; " spoken to them whom we see do service, or shew kindness to them, to M'hom they have great obligations." Kelly, p. 116. C. B. ci)mmar denotes an equal, a spouse, a com. panion ; ci/mmari, to join, to unite. But our word is perhaps rather from Fr. commere, a she-gossip or godmother ; L. B. commaler, from con and mater, 2. A common designation for a young girl ; as corresponding to calland for a boy, Ang, CuMMERLYKE, adj. Like cummers or gossips; Dunbar. CUM MOCK, .r. " A short staff with a crooked head." To tremble under fortune's cummock^ On scarce a bell) fu' o' drummock, Wi' his proud independent stomach, Could ill agree. Burns, iii. 216. Gael, cam, camogach, crooked. CUMR AYD, pret. V. Encumbered, embarrassed. Of Fyfe thare fays thai cicmrui)d swa, That mony thai gert drownyd be. Wijntoii-n, viii. 11. 20. To CUN, CwN, V. a. i. To learn, to know, E. con. — Ibcr, Frere Martyne, and Vincens Storyis to aisn did diligens. Wijntorcn, v. 12. 290. Sweyngeouris and skuryvagis, swankys and swa- nys, Gcuis na cure to cun craft. Doug. Virgil, 238, b. 24. 2. To taste. They sail not than a cherrie cun. That wald not enterpryse. Cherrie and Slae, st. 47. " Dicimus — to am a cherry or apple, gustare ;" Rudd. This is a Su.G. idiom. Kaenna is used to ex. press the exercise of all the senses. This use of the CUR word, -which primarily signifies to inorc, is certain- ly very natural. For a great portion of our know- ledge, with respect to external objects especially, arises from our senses. A kenning is a small por- tion of any thing, that is an object of taste, Clydes. privin, synon. as much as is necessary to make one acquainted with its particular relish, or put this to the proof, CUNNAND, s. Covenant, condition. The cunnand on this wyss wes maid. Barbour, iii. 753. MS. V. Connavd. CvySAVDf part. pr. Knowing, skilful, Wyntown. In the same sense cmining is used, not only by Shakspeare, but by Prior. This is the old part, from MoesG. A. S. cunu-an, scire. Cunning, J. Knowledge. " Gif thair be ony pure creature, for fault of CKnn/H^ or dispenses, that can not, nor may not follow his cause, the King, for the lufe of God, sail ordane the Juge befoir quhame the cause sulde be determin- it, [to] purway and get a leill and a wyse Aduocat, to follow sik pure creaturis causis." Acts Ja. I. 1424. c. 49. Edit. 1566. A. S. cunnyng, experientia. This word has now, in general use, greatly degenerated in its significa- tion. CUNDIE, s. An apartment, a place for lodg- ing ; more strictly a concealed hole, Ang. It is supposed that this is a corr. of E. and Fr. conduit, Tcut. conduyt. CUNING, CuNYNG, s. A rabbit; S. kinnen., E. conie. Scho thrangis on fat capouns on the speit, And fat cuni/ngs to the fyre can lay. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 70. Make kinnen and capon ready then, And venison in great plentie; We'll welcome here our royal king; I hope he'll dine at Gilnockie. Minslrel.sij Border, i. 64. The con, the cuning, and the cat. Chcrrie and Sloe, St. 3. Belg. koni/n, Germ, kanj/n; Sw. kanin, C. B. ku- ningen, Corn, ki/nin. Arm. con, Ir. kuinin, Gael. coinnin, Fr. conin, Lat. cunicultis. CuNiNGAR, CuNNiNGAiRE, s. A warren for rab- bits, S. " The said clerke sail inquire of the destroyers ©f Cunningaires and Dowcattes, the quhilkis sail be punished, as it is ordained of the steallers of woodde." Acts Ja. 1. 1424. c. 33., Murray ; Cuningharis, Edit. 1566. c. 36, " The whole isle is but as one rich cuningur or cony-warren." Brand's Orkn. p. 37. Sw. kaniugaard, Wideg. from kanin a rabbit, and gaarcl an inclosure. V. Yaire. CUN YS.\JNCE, s. Badge, emblem, cognisance. Ilk knyghthis cunj/sance kithit full cleir. Guisan and Gol. ii. 14. Fr. cognoisyance, id. CUNTENYNG, s. Military discipline, general- ship ; Barbour, MS. coiite/iyng, q. v. CUPPIL, s. Rafter. V. Couple. CUPPLIN, s. The lower part of the back- C U R bone, S. B. ; thus denominated from its being here joined or coupled to the os sacrum. CURAGE, s. Care, anxiety. Than sayd thay thus, with wourdis to assuage My tliochtis and my hauy sad curas^e. Doug, f'irgil, 72. 39. Curas demcre, Virff. CURCH, s. V. CouRCHE. CURCUDDOCH, Curcuddie. i. " To dance curcuddic," or " curcuddoch" a phrase used to denote a play among children, in which they sit on their houghs, and hop round in a circular form, S. Many of these old terms, which now are almost entirely confined to the mouths of children, may he overlooked as nonseiiical or merely arbitrary. But the most of them, we are persuaded, are as regularly formed as any other in our language. The first syllable of this word is undoubtedly the o. curr, to sit on the houghs or hams, q. v. The second may be from Teut. kudde, a flock, kudd-en, coire, convenire, congregari, aggrcgari, kudde ic/js, gregatim, catervatim, q. " to curr together." The same game is called Harry Hurcheon, S. B. either from the resemblance of one in this position to a hurcheon or hedgehog squatting under a bush ; or from Belg. hurk-en, to squat, to hurkle, S. q. v. 2. Sitting close together, S. B. But on a day, as Lindy was right thrang Weaving a snood, and thinking on nae wrang. And baith curcadduch, and their heads bow'd down, Auld sleek it Lawrie fetch a wyllie round, And claught a lamb anoner Nory's care. Rosses Helenore, p. 14. 3. Cordial, Kelly. " What makes you so ramgunshoch to me, and I so corcudock .^" S. Prov. Kelly, p. 348. To CURE, V. a. To care for, to regard. King Salomon, as the Scripture sayis He dotit in his lattir dayis : His wanton w^fis to conipleis. He curit nocht God till displeis. Lyndsay's IVarkis, 1592. p. 65. Thou art in friendship with thy fae, Regarding nane but them perfay That cures the nocht. Evergreen, i. 114. st. 6. Lat. euro, are. It is also used as a «. v. " In this case cure nocht to tyne thair fauor, that thow may haif the fauor of God." Abp. Hamil. toun's Catechisme, 1551. Fol. 40. b. Cure, s. Care, anxiety. — With cure to heir I did tak keip. Pulicc of Honour, i. 26. Fr. cure, Lat. cur a, id. To have in cure., to be anxious about. The matrouns first, and sic as not delilis. Nor has in cure desire of hie. renowne, Thay deput, and thay ordand for this foun. Doug. Virgil, 152. 55* j CURER, s. A cover, a dish. i — All wer marehcllit to meit mrkly and myth; Syne servit seniely in sale, forsiirh as it st-mit, it With all curers o'f-eost that cuki^ coud kyth. )' ■HouUUe, iii. 5/ii C U R Fr. eouvrir, «o coyer ; or rather perhaps, cuire, to boil, to bake, to make ready. Tv CURKL'KLE, Curkukkl£, -v. a. To discom- po»e, to dishtvcl, S. Nil diiiiif gcir this Doctor sciks Of lottis rusMt hi> rjdiiis briiks ; — Hi, rulVo curJujUd about his craig. Legend, Jli>- St Andruis, Poems 16/A Cf'it. 327. Tell Jcniiv Cuck, gin she ji-cr an)' mair, Ye kill wiicro Dick curftijilvd a' her hair, Took nil her snood, and syne when she yccd hamv, Boot say she tint if, nor durst tell for shame. Rush's llilinuie, p. 81. O. Fr. gourfoul-er siguilies to crush, to bruise. Hut \ . Furi-LE. CURIE, s. Inquiry, search, investigation. Suui goukis quhil the glas pyg grow al of gold yyf, Thrg« cuiic of qucntassen'ce, tliocht rlay nuiggis crakkis. Doug. Virgil, 238. b. 52. Fr. iiiicirc, qucr-ir, to inquire, to .search out. Lat. (/.(Ill /■-(■»'<■. • CURIOUS, «^'. Anxious, fond, S. »» The I'resbytery of St Andrew's were not very curious to crave his transportation ; Sir John, in the Provincial £Synod] of Fife, nrges it." liaiilie's Lett. i. 309. To CURL, CoRLE, /. To cause a stone to move alongst the ice towards a mark, S. To curie on the ice does greatly please, Being a inaiily Scottish exercise. fcnnccuik's Poemn, 171.5. p. 59. CuRLKR, s. One who amuses himself by air- hng^ S. *' Orkney's process came first before us. He was a curler on the Sabbath-day." Baillie's Let. i. 137. COKi.iNG, s. An amusement on the ice, in which contending parties move smooth stones towards a mark. These are called curliiig-stanes. " Of the sports of these paits, that of curling is a favorite ; and one unknown in England: it is an a- muftrnriit of the winter, and played on the ice, by iliiiing, from one mark to another, great stones of forty to seventy pounds weight, of a hemispherical form, with an iron or wooden handle at top. The •bjerl of the player is to lay his stone as near to the inark a.* possible, to guard that of his partner, which had been w ell laid before, or to strike off that of his •alagonist." Pennant's Tour in Scot. 1772. p. 93. — — The cnrling-slane Slides inurm'ring o'er the icy plain. Ramsnj/'s Foems, ii. 383. " As cauld's a curling-stane," a proverbial phrase oted to denote any thing that is cold as ice, S. The term may be from Tent, kroll-en, krull.cn, siniiarc, flcctcre, whence K. curl; as the great art of iho game is to make the stones bend in towards the mark, when it is so blocked up tlial they cannot b deals huddled Ic-ethcr, con- iliulcd by u man, .Mliin? in what was called a Cmi: rack, made of a hide, in the shape, and about (he size of a small breuiii;; kettle, broader above than belov»-, v»ith ribs or hoops of uocul in the inside, and a rross-stick for the man to sit on ; who, with A paddle in his hand, went before the raft, to which his ctirrach was tii-d with a rope. This rope had a rnnnim; knot or lou|) round the man's knees in the cunach, so thai if the raft stopt on a stone or any other way, he loosed the knot, and let his ck/tucA no oil, otherwise it would sink in a strong streiiiii ; "and,— after coining in behind the raft again, and lousing it, he proceeded again to make the best of lii> way. These eunuchs were so light, that the men carried them on their backs home from Si)ey. moMlh." 1'. Abcrnethy, Moray, Statist. Ace. xiii. 134. G:n'\. ciirach, a small boat, Ir. kurach, according to Lhiivd, a horse-skin boat. C. B. C!i7-r;.i|-/f, id. is evideii'lv only a different formation of the same word, ora dcriv. from curnch. Ilencc E. coracle, id. Bnl the Celt, terms seem to claim affinity to Su.G. ta//, Ul. i«/yi, scapha, a yawl. Hire views this as originally the same with the C. B. word. Hence L. B. cuiab-iis, which is defined just as a curracli. Cttiabu.i est parva scapha ex viniiue facta, quae con- trcta nndo corio genus navigii praestat. \ . Ihre, vo. [iondc. CURR.\CK, CiRROcii, s. A small cart made of twigs, S. B. *' Before that period the fuel was carried in creels, and the corns h\ ciirrack^ : two implements of hus- bandry w hif h, in this corner, arc entirely disused." r. Al'vah, BaiitVs. Statist. Ace. iv. 395. '• A better kind of plough is introduced, and carts, which 40 years ago were unknown, arc no«r generally used instead of creels and packets and cui- rmV.f, as ihey were called, which did little work, wilh more opijri-ssion to man and horse." P. Kin. tore, A herd. Statist. Ace. xiii. 8li. " The creel or curroch was then the common Tchicle in nse." 1'. Banll'. Statist. Ace. xx. 331. Gael, cuingreach, a carl or waggon, Shavv. Su.G. kniTiii, id. CURSOUR, S. CousER, Cusser, s. A stallion. Rndd. l)ic>on he send apon a ciirsour wycht. To «arn Wallace, in all (he haist he niychf. IVal/acc, ix. 1G62, MS. Wallace was horssyt apon a ciirxoiir wycht, At gud Corre had brnurht in to thair sycht, To sMiff the ehas with his new chewalry. lliid. ver. 17!) J. IMS. In both places coMser is substituted, Kdit. 1648, which affords a rlear pritereaitx denoted " peasantry outlaws, who in old time did much mischief to the nobility and clergy ;" Cotgr. This was in the reign of Philip Augustus, A. 1163. They were also called Rou- tier'^, whence our Ro/ters. As wo have retained the latter term, the former may also have been trans- mitted. O. E. custrell signified " the servant of a man at arms, or of the life-guard to a prince. For K. Henry VIII. 's life-guard had each a custrell attend- ing on him ;" Blount's Gloss. Fr. cousdllier. Perhaps this word is derived from Cui't, q. v. It is evidently used in a similar sense. But both this, and the etymon, arc lost in obscurity. " Sibb. ex- plains it ' pitiful fellow ;' literally, perhaps, a tay- lor of the lowest order, a botcher. Fr. coustour- ier ; or q. cuistre-rouii, from Fr. cuhlre, a college pedant, and the common termination roun." Rilson uses what appears to be the same word, in referring ro the language of Skelton. " See how be handles one of these comcdj cojjstrozenes.'^ Dis- CUT Bert. Anc. Songs, xlv. The term is here applied to persons who played on the lute. CUT, CuTT, J-. A lot. To draw cut.', to deter- mine any thing by lottery. Of chois men sj//ie walit be cut thay toke Ane gretc nowmer, and hid in bilgis dernc Within that bcist, in mony huge caverne. Doug. Firgil, 39. 13. In one "SIS. fy/ie occurs, in the other tj^iie. " Ane stallaiiger at na time may hauc lott, cuff^ nor cavel, anent merohandice, with ane Burges, bot only within time of ane fair." Burrow Lawes, c. 59. The term being used in the same sense in E., I take notice of it chiefly with a view to observe that Du Cange has fallen into a curious blunder. He views this word as meaning some kind of tax, tri- buti species apud Scotos. And what makes the error more remarkable is, that he quotes this very passage in which cuit is explained by two other sy. non. terms. Sibb. says that this is " from Teut. iole, talus, as- trabalus, a small cubical bone, which seems to have been much used in gambling and other affairs of chance, before the invention of dice." But as it is the same Teut. word, used in another sense, which signifies the ancle, whence our cuie, why should it be pronounced so differently ? Besides, the v. now constantly used in connexion with this word is drazs, which does not refer to the use of the tidiis or die- The custom of Scotland forms another objection. For the phrase refers to the practice still retained in lottery, of drawing things that are so ciii as to he unequal in length, as bits of paper, wood, straw, &c. Straws are often used for this purpose. This custom seems very ancient. For in Su.G. dra.Miv, literally, to cast straws. The word xaffsf is used by Polybius for a die or lot. CUT, J. A certain quantity of yarn, whether linen or woollen, S. " A stone of the finest of it [wool], — will yield 32 slips of yarn, each containing 12 cuts., and each cut being 120 rounds of the legal reel." P. Galashiels, Roxburghs. Statist. Ace. ii. 308. A cut is the half of a hccr. V. Heeb. The term may allude to the reel chucking, as it is called, or striking with its spring, at every cut; or to the division of the cuts, one from another, in the way in which they arc generally made up. CUTE, Coot, Cuitt, s. The ankle, S. —I can mak schone, brotekins and buittis. Gif me the coppie of the King's cuittis. And ye sail se richt sone quhat I can do. Lyndsay, S. P. Repr. ii. 237. Sum clashes thee, some clods thee on the cutes.. Dunbar, Evergreen, ii. 59. st. 23 j Some had hoggers, some straw boots. Some uncovered legs and coots. Coivil's Mock Poem, p. &. Teut. kote^ talus ; kiete, kuyte, sura, venter ti- Pp 2 CUT \)i\e objpclus, Kilian. Biljj. kiii/t is somewhat va. I iid ill sense ; de tin/t vnn't been, ihu calf of the log ; . rfi<- vitn tuj/ten, thick legged. CUTE, !. Ubcd poetically for a trifle, a thing of no value. Th.m T\sos thair hearts ay frae the rules, (jiiliilk ar (liy awiii ; And ciiris thcni that cares not tlirec cuies To be iniskiiawn. Dunbar, Evergreen, i. 113. st. 7. Your crakkis I count thorn not ane cute. 1 sull bo fund into the foild Arniit on hois with sjioir and scheild. Lynd\(iii's SqMicr Meldnim. A. vi. i. Tout, kote, {Ms,, koot, a huckle-bone, talus, astragalus ; whence lootm, to jilay at cockals. As thesi- bones were used in other countries, in games of chanro, bpfore the invention of dice, it is pro- bable that they were also known in S. ; and that thus a ciile might come proverbially to denote a thin; nf no value. CUTE, a^j. Clever, expert, S. B. It seems very doubtful, if this b"c abbreviated from K. (irtite, as iniijht seem at first view. It is rather from .\.S. chIIi, cxportus, to which Su.G. (ji^fff. insidiae, is probably allied. To CUTER, V. a. To cocker, to cherish with delicacies, S. V. KuTER. CUTH, CooTH, s. A name given to the coal- fisli, before it be fully grown, Orknejr. " But the lish most generally caught, and the most useful is a grey fish here called ciiths, of the size of small haddocks, and is the same with what on Iho soulh coast is called podlci/, only the ciith is of a larger bize. P. Cross, Orkn. Statist. Ace. vii. 453. " There arc sometimes caught silaks and ci/flu, which are the young of the seath-fish." P. Kirk- wall, Oikn. ibid. p. 5-13. It is also written cooth. " These boats somotinies go to sea for the pur- pose of fishing cod, cuoths, and tibrics, which are the small or yonng coo/hs." P. Westray, Orkn. Statist. Ace. xvi. 261. V. Cuddie. CUTHERIE, CUDDERIE, adj. Very susceptible of cold, S. IJ. synon. cauldrife. Belg. koiid, cold, and rijk, A. S. ric, often used as a teriniuafion denoting fullness in^ the posses- sion i)f any quality. CUTHIE. V. Couth. CUTHIL. V. Cucmi.. CUTIKINS, u pi. Spatterdashes, S., a dimin. from cute, the ancle, q . v. To CUTLE, V. ti. To wheedle, to use win- ning methods for gaining love or friendship, S. The phrase, to ciit/c in with one, is now used in S. Ciiftk- off occurs in Pitscottie, in the same sense. '« Thir words were spokon by the Chancellor, piirpnyly to cause Lord U;ivid Lindosay come in the King's will, that it mieht bo a pre|)aralivc to all iho lave, that were under the summons of for- feiture, to follow, and come in the King's will, and CUT (lionght to have culled them off that Tvay." Hist. p. 97. It seems highly probable that E. zcheedle and this are radically tlio same. The former Lemon derives from ixhn, domulsi, aiu, placeo ; or nJw, suavitate oblocto. Seren. deduces the E. word from Isl. vuel deceptio, vucl-a dccipere. Both terms may be far more naturally traced to Teut. quedel-cn, gar- rire, niodulare, vernare, a dimin. from Su.G. gued. a, to sing. As this denotes the pleasant notes of birds, especially in Spring, it migh^ easily be trans, ferred to the winning methods used by those who try to gain aftection. Kilian illustrates the Teut. term, bv alluding to these words of Ovid, Dulce (|uerunliir avos. Perhaps the term was originally applied, in its metaph. sense, to the engaging prat- tle of children, by which they endeavour to gain w hat they solicit from their parents. To CUTLE, V, a. To cutle corn, to carry corn out of water mark to higher ground, and set it up there, W. Loth. ; cuthil, Perths. 1 know not the origin, unless it be Mod. Sax. kaut.en, Su.G. kt/t-a (pron. kiuta) mutare, per. mutare, q. to change the place or situation of corn. V. Kyta, Ihre. CUT-POCK, s. Properly the stomach of a fish, S. B. Poor Bydby's wond'ring at ilk thing she saw, But wi' a hungry cut-pock for it a'. Ross's Heknore, p. 65. CUTTED. V. CuTTiT. CUTTY, CuTTiE, adj. Short, S. ; Gael, cutach^ short, bobtailed. Hence, CuTTiE, CuTiE, s. 1. A popgun. " You shall doe best to let alone your whisper- ings in the earrs of simple people, and your triuiale arguments which seeme good enough to them that know no better, but in very dcede are like the cuties of bone wherewith the children shoote in thestreetcs, that, may well make a little li^e with powder, but are not able to carrie any bullet, and it will be long before you hurt a Bishop with such." Bp. Gallo- way's Dikaiologie, p. 178. 2. A spoon, S. Gael, cutag, a short spoon ; often cutty-spooji. — Honest Jean brings forward, in a clap, The green-horn cutties rattling in her lap. Ross's Helcnore, p. 116. " It is better to su]! with a cutty than want a spoon." Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 4-1. i. *' A short tobacco pipe," Sibb. " I'm no sae scant of clean pipes, as to blaw with a,htuni cutty ;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 40. Hence, Cutty-free, adj. Able to take one's food, free to handle the spoon. He is said to be cutty- free, who, although he pretends to be ailing,- retains his stomach, S. B. CuTTV-RUNG, s. A crupper used for a horse that bears a pack-suddle, formed by a short piece of wood fixed to the saddle at each end bv a cord, Meams ; synon. trouach, trullion, CUTTY-STOOL, s. i. A low stool, S. I CUT S. The stool of repentance, on which offenders were seated in church, now generally disused, S. *' The cutfi/ stool is a kind of pillory in a church, erected for the punishment of those who have trans, grossed, in the article of chastity, and, on that ac- coimt, arc liable to the censures of the cliurch." Sir J. Sinclair, p. 2'26. This seems formed from catty., hillit\ a light wo- nian. V. Kittie. Scion, when referring to this stool as used in S. renders it by a designation nearly synon. hor-pa/l, to. Stooi. CUTTIT, CuTTED, adj. l. Abrupt, S. " What shall I saif? A pathetic and cttttcd kind of speech, signifying that his heart was so boldencd, that his tongue wald not seruc him to express the mater." Bruce's Eleven Serm. L. 1. a. " Touching the kyndes of versis quhilks are not cuttit or broken, but alyke many feit in everie lyne of the verse, and how thay ar commonly namit." — Rewlls and Cautelis of Scottis Poesie, by James VI. Chron. S. P. iii. 490. 2. Laconic, as including the idea of acrimony, S. *' He gae me a very cuttit answer," or, " he spake very aittit-likeJ" The adj. short is used in a similar sense. Hence, CuTTITLIE,CuTTETLrE, CuTTEDLY, odv. 1. With a rapid but unequal motion. C U 2 The fiery dragon flew on hie. Out throw the skies, richt ciittetlia, Sync to the ground come doun. Biircl, IVaisoii's Coll. ii. 21. 2. Suddenly, abruptly. In this sense one is said to break oiF his discourse very cuttitlie, S. 3. Laconically, and at the same time tartly, S. '• The moderator, cultcdli/, (as the man naturally hath a little choler, not yet quite extinguished), an. swered, That the Commissiouer, his Grace, was of great sufficiency himself; that he only should speak there ; that they could not answer to all the excep. tions that a number of witty noblemen could pro- pose." Baillie's Lett. i. 104. This is evidently from the v. cut ; as it conveys the idea of any thing coming as suddenly to a ter. minatiou, as a heavy body comes to the ground, when that by which it was suspended is cut. CUTWIDDIE, s. The piece of wood by which a harrow is fastened to the yoke, Fife. V. RiGWIDDIE. CUTWORM, s. A small white grub, which destroys coleworts and other vegetables of this kind, by cutting through the stem near the roots, S. CUWYN, s. Stratagem. V. Conuyne. CUZ, adv. Closely, Ang.; synon. CosiE, q.v. D. DA, s. Day. Bustuous aboue all Ttheris his menye, The pepil clepit of Equicola That hard furris had telit mony ^, E.job. Tiie thorn that dabs I'll cut it down, Though fair the rose may be. Jamicson^s Popular Ball. i. 87. Dab, s. a stroke from the beak of a bird, S. ; a blow, A. Bor. D.\BLET, Daiblet, /. An imp, a little devil. This epithet is given to one who is represented as the offspring of an Incubus. When all the weird sisters had thus Toted in one voce The dcid of the Dablet, then syne they with. drew. To let it ly alane, they thought it little loss, In a den be a dyke on the day dew. Watsoti's Coll. iii. 16. V. also p. 22. Fr. diabletcauy id. dimin. from diable. V. Mack- lack. To DACKER, Daker, Daiker, v. a. i. To search, to examine ; to search for stolen goods, S. B. — The Sevltians will but doubt be here, To dacker for her as for robbed gear; And what hae we a conter them to say ? The gear'll prove itscll gin we deny. Ross's llelenore, p. 91. But Picrcy, wi' the fause earl Warren, And Cressingham, (ill mat he speed !) Are dach'itn' wi' sax thousand mair, Frae Coupar to Berwick upon Tweed. Jamie on:" s Popular Ball, ii. 16S. 2. To engage, to grapple, S. B. DAD 1 JackifJ wi' him by mysrl', Yo Hish't it to my kavel ; An' gin ye specr fa fiot the day, We (larted on .i iietel. Poems ill llu- lluchan Diulect, \i. 10. 3. " To toil as in job work, to labour." Sibb. also gives dodar in the same sense. 4. To truck, to trallick. Loth. This seems the »aim' uorti, although used in va- rious senst's. Sibb. (Jiinks that it has probably been formed from durg, a day's work. But in what manner? It may be allied to Gael, dcachair-am, to follow. This etymon is abundantly consonant to the tirst sense; as feanhiiii; is often dcsif;ned/o//oa)- i/iif after, eTcn in relation to what is stolen. With Tcry little obliquity it might also include the second. As to the other two, the K. v. is also used to denote chip's euiploMnent or occupation ; as it is commonly laid, " What tradedocs \\c follow .^" Fleu). daecker- en seems likewise to ( Lini allinity, as signifying to fly ab^.ut, ai«o to vibrate, volitare, motari ; vibrare, coruscare, Kilian. DACK.LE, !. A state of suspence, or hesitation ; applied, both to sensible objects, and to the mind, S. B. When the weather is not settled, so that it is neither frost nor thaw, or «hen it seems uncertain whether ■ I will be fair or rainy, it is said to be " in a dacile." This seems allied to A. Bor. daiLer zcealhcr, uncer- tain or unsettled weather ; Gl. Grose. The market is said to be '' in a dacklc," when purchasers are keepiui; olF, under the idea of the prices not being come to their jiropcr level. The same expression is also used as to the mind, when in a state of doubt. Su.G. Iicei-a, to doubt, frouj ti::a, two, because in this state the mind is divided. It must be ackuow. Icrdgcd, however, that dacklc, as applied to the Weather, bears a strong resemblance to Isl. dokna, nigredo, opacum quid, et nubilum ; G. Andr. p. 45. V. TMfTN, adj. DACKLiN,/)flr/./>r. 1. In a state of doubt, S. B. 2. In a secondary sense, slow, dilatory, S. B. DaCKLIN, s. a slight shower ; " a dacklin of rain," S. B. ; thus denominated, because such a shower often falls, when it seems uncertain whether the weallier will clear up or not. To D.\D. Daud, v. a. 1. To thrash, S. B. i. To tlash, to drive forcibly, S. He dadded his btad against the ■wa\ S. He dadded to the door, he shut the door with violence, S. Slam, in colloquial E., is used in the same sense. He rui;>;it his hair, he bitibbcrt and grat, And to a stane daddit his pow. His mother came out, and wi' the dishclout She dadilit about his mow. Jamieyon's Popul. Kail. i. 328. This said, he duddcd to the vatc. Ramyui/'x Putins, ii. 575. Then took bis bonnet to the bent, And dadil ajf' the glar. Ibid. i. 260. — An' claughl a divot frae (heir tower, An' daudU down their st.iii(lard. Rev. J. Nicol's Poems, ii. 3. D A F. « Sum bragis maid the preistis patrounls at fh« first ; bot when thay saw the fcbilnes of tliaii God, for one tuke him be the heallis, and dadding his held to the calsay, left Dagouu without held or handis, and said, Ft/ upoun the, ihois young Saiicl Get//y thy Father wald have tarijed four suche.'' Knox's Hist. p. 95. 3. To throw mire or dirt so as to bespatter, S. Whae'er they meet that winna draw, Muun hae his lugs wccl blaudit, Wi' hard squcez'd bumniin ba's o' snaw, Au' a' his cleathin daicdit Wi' glaur that day. Rev. J. Nicol's Poems, i. 35. Teut. dodde, a club, fustis, clava raorionis ; Kilian. MoesG. dauded-jan, in us-daudcd-jan, anxiously to strive, certare sollicite. To Dad down, v. n. To fall or clap dowa forcibly and with noise, S. Swith to Castalius' fountain brink. Dud down a grouf, and tak a drink. Ram«aj/\s Poems, ii. 339. Dad, s. a sudden and violent motion or stroke; a slam. He fell with a dad. He fell with such, force as to receive a severe blow, S. . He, like a fail, Play'd dad, and dang the bark AfT's shins that day. Ramsd^'i Poems, i. 276. To DADDLE, Daidle, y. a. l. To draggle, to bemire one's clothes, S. 2. To mismanage, to do any work in a slovenly- way. Meat is said to be daidled, when impro- perly cooked; clothes, — when ill- washed; Ang. Shall we view this as related to Isl. tad, laetamen ? whence Seren. derives Su.G. tadla, to accuse, cen- sure, to reprehend, q. collutulare. To DADDLE, Daidle, -v. n. i. To he slow in motion or action. " A daidling creature," one who is tardy or inactive. Dau'dle, Perths. 2. To waddle, to wriggle in walking. " He daidles like a duik," he waddles as a duck, S. ; " to walk unsteadily like a child ; to waddle," A. Bor. Gl. Grose. 3. To doddle and drini, to wander from place to place in a tippling way ; or merely to tipple, S. This V. is probably allied to Daiidie, q. t. DADDLE, Daddlie, .r. A cloth put on the breast of a child, to keep it clean during the time of eating, a larger sort nf bib, S. To DAFF, V. n. To be foolish. Ye can pen out twa cuple, and ye pleis, Yourself and I. old Scot and Robert Semple. Quhen we ar deid, that all oirr dayis but dajps. Let Christan Lj lulesay wryt our epitaphis. MoiUgomerie, MS. Chron. S. P. iii. 500. Leave BoRles, Brownies, Gyre-carlings & Gaists; Dastard, thou daff's, that with such devilry mels j Thy reason savours of reek, and nothing else. Puhsart, Watson's Coll. iii. 27» Hence, O. F. daffe, fool. Thou dotcst, dajf'e, quod she, dull are thy wittes. P. Ploughman, F. 6. b. Whan this jape is tald another day, D A F I shall be halden a (hffe, or a cokenay. Cliauc. lUves T. 420C. V. Daft. To daffe, A. Uor. still signifies to daunt, Daffkry", s. 1. Romping, frolicksomeness, S. 2. Tlioughtlessness, folly, S. B. By lackligt-nce she with my lassie met, That wad be fain her company to get ; Wha in her daffcri/ had run o'er the score. Rosses Ileleiiore, p. 90. Baffin, Daffivg, j. 1. Folly in a general sense, S. But 'tis a dajiii to debate, And aurgle.bargain with our fate. Ramsaij^s Poems, i. 335. But we're nae sooner fools to give consent, Than we our dajfin and tint power repent. Ibid. ii. 128. ■^. Pastime, gaiety, S. ; like daffery. Quhat kind of doffing is this al day ? Suyith smakes, out of the feiid, away. Lyndsajj, S. P. Repr. ii. 201. . Foolish or excessive diversion. . Used to denote matrimonial intercourse, Pink. S. P. Repr. iii. 39. " Play is good, but daffin dow not ;" Prov. S. ' spoken to them who arc silly and impertinently loolish in their play ;" Kelly. Daft, adj. l. Delirious, insane, S. A. Bor. ; stupid, blockish, daunted, foolish. This is evidently the primary sense. All the nor. them words mentioned as cognates of the v. duff, except Mod. Sax. dav-en, denote a mere privation of mind, from whatever cause, without including the idea of fury. Now, there is a remarkable ana- logy in the use of the adj. daft. For it does not properly denote one who is furious, hut merely a person deranged, whether in a greater or less degree. "When a man is furious, either the term zcod or mad is used. This distinction is clearly marked by Bel- lenden, aocording to what he had considered as the design of the original writer. " Howbeit the pepill [of Orkney] be geuin to excessiue drinkin, and be plente of beir makis the starkest ail of Albionn, yit nane of thayui ar sene 7cod, doff, ordrunkin." Dcscr. Alb. c. 15. Nul. his taiuen in ea unquam cbrius aut mente alienatus fisus, nullus aniens ant stolidus ; Boeth. " He's na sae daff as he lets on ;" Ferguson's S. Prov. p. 17., applied to one who Is more knave than fool. 2. Foolish, unwise, S. ; daftist, superl. Thow art the daftist full that evir I saw. Trow is vow, man, be the law to get remeid Of men of kirk ? na nevir till tliow bo dcid. Lyndsatj. Pink. S. P. R. ii. 65. " Thai [jugis] syn grcuously in twa pointis. First, gif thai lauchfully ken ony siclike misdoars wilhin thair boundis quhairof thai haif auctoritie & tholis thame, lukis at thanie throw thair fingaris, & will nocht punis thame, other for lufe of gi-ir or cainal affection or sum vther daff opinioun, be re- sone quharof misdoars takis mair baldncs to perse- uere in euil, i^- the common well is hurt :" Abp. Hamiltoun's Catechisme, 1552, Fol. 50. a. D A F " My dafi opinion was, that I might stand hy honesty and vertue, which I find now to be but a. vaiu imagination, and a scliolastical discourse, nn. meet to bring men to any proper preferment." Mel. vil's Mem. Address to his Son, prefixed. 3. Giddy, thoughtless, S. Quhen ye your selfis ar daff and young, And hes nocht bot ane pyat toung ; Ye knaw als mekill as aue guse. That callis this ordour ane abuse. Diallog. sine Tit. Rt-ign Qu. Mary. It is " betwix ane Clerk and a Courtier." 4. Playful, blithe, sportive, innocently gay, S. " A daft nourice makes a wise wean ;" Ram- say's S. Prov. p. 1. i. e. A child thrives best with a Uvely nurse. Wi' cheese an' nappie noor-cakes, auld An' young weel fill'd an' daft are. Rev. J. Nicol's Poems, i. 27. 5. Very gay, frolicksome, disposed to go to ex- cess in mirth, S. Then Colin says, Come, deary, gee's a sang, And let's be hearty with the merry thrang : Awa, she says, fool man, ye're growing fu ; Whaever's daft to day, it setsna you. Royi\s Ilelenore, p. 117. We'll reel an' ramble thro' the sands, An' jeer wi' a' we meet; Nor hip the daft an' gleesome bands That fill Edina's streets Sae thrang this day. FergiiisoiVs Poems, ii, 49. 6. Wanton, S. For gentle blades, wha have a fouth o' cash To dit fouk's mou's, ne'er meet w ' ony fash. However daft they wi' the lasses be. It's ay o'erlook'd, gin they but pay the fee. Shiircfs' Pocmx, p. 68. V. Hai.v, v. 7. Extremely eager for the attainment of any ob- ject, or foolishly fond in the possession of it, S. Ray derives daft from the v. daffc, to daunt, A. Bor. Sibb. thinks dajjin may be q. gaffin, from Teut. gubbereii, nugari, jocari ; or gachekn, ca- chinnare. It is sArange that he should resort to an etymon so forced, wiien he had Junius open before him. " But Junius," he says, " would seem to connect these words with Dan. doffuen, ignavus, iners, torpidus, between the primary sense of which (deaf ) and the Scottish signification, there can be no analogy." But deaf, so far from being the primary sense of Dan. doffuen, dovcn, is not a sense of it at all ; and this is only asecoridarj' senseof Isl. daiif-r, SuG. doef. Junius, in this instance, undoubtedly hit on the true etymon,, or at least shewed the way to it. The northern dialects afford a variety of terms closely allied to this and i(s derivatives. Mod. Sax. dan. en, to be m;ui or insane, furere, insaniie; Germ. taub-en, O. Teut. doov-en, insanirc, delirare, Kilian. Su.G. dofKO, to stupify, scnsu privare, dofnu, to become stupid, st'.ipere, daafnu, to fail, fatiscere ; Isl. daiifr, dauf, dauft, insipidus, Su.G. doef, stu. pidus, dufKcn, id. Isl. dofe, stupor. A. S. do- fung, deliramentum. Teut. doof van sinrten, aniens, DAG delirui. Rilian, Ihro, to. dofxtu, rofors to MoesG. daubi u» a ronna(c U-rm ; dauli.nla hairto, cor sen. tu carcli!. Mure. tiii. 17. Ua-daitbida he hitirlo- na, si-nsu pri»a»it ror corum, Joli. xii. 40. May ■mc not aiKI, as analouoiis in n-nse to the northern terms, lltb. 3K1, dutih, langiiil, (loluit, mocslns fuit ; naKT, dabiih, dolor, inofror ? It will appiar, indetil, on careful cxaminalioii, that a number of other terms, deuoli^^ fainlnessor weakness, whelher of body or niinil, whi«ii have not been supposed to ha»c any alUnity to (/h this tulyie had been seen, 'Tis sac daftlike — Ram'ay^s Pvcms, ii. 148. Daftkess, 1. Foolishness. " The word of the crosse semis to be daftnex and folic to thanie that perischis and'is condamnit, bot to thamc thai ar saiffit it is the vcrtew and powar of ^lod." Ahp. Mamiltoun's Caleehisme, 1552. Fol. 101. b. Thus itii/tiria is rendered. D.\FFICK, s. A coarse tub or trough, in which the food of cattle is put, Orkney. To DAG, V. a. To shoot, to let fly. " They schot speiris, and duirt;il arrowis, quhair the rumpaneis war thickest." Knox's Hist. p. 30. From dag, a hand-gun; Fr. dag.ucr, to stal with a dagi;er. To DAG, f. n., used impersonally. To rain gently. /// dagpn on, there is a small rain, S. This exactly corresponds to Isl. Ihad du-rgiiar, pluitt from dogg-ua, rigo, irrigo, G. .\ndr. Sw. dung. a, to drizzle. Dao, /. 1. A thin, or gentle r^n, S. Isl. dautr^r, pluvia, Sw. dagg, a thick or drizzling rain, Widcg. Da^, dew, A. Bor. Lye supposes tab D A I that this word was left by the Danes ; Add. Jun. Etym. vo. Daggle. 2. A thick fog, a mist. This is the general sense in the South and West of S. Su.G. dagg, dew, du^g-rcgn, mist. DAY-NETTLES, Dead nettles, an herb, S La- mium album, Linn. Hemp-leav'd dead Net- tle is called Dea-nettle, A. Bor. DAIGH, s. Dough, S. " His meal's a' daigh ;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 38. A. S. duh, Belg. deegli, Su.G. deg, Isl. dcigj Germ. ^<'/^, id- DAiGiiiii, s. 1. Doughy ; applied to bread not well fired, S. 2. Soft, inactive, destitute of spirit, S. It is singular, that the very same metaphor is used in Isl. G. Andr., illustrating de/'g, dough, adds ; irn\c deig-r, mollis, madidus, subhumidus ; item ^?. midiii agcndi, p. 48. DAIKER, f. A decad. ^' Teu hides niakis ane daiker, and twenfie duiker makis ane last." Skene, Verb. Sign. vo. Serplailli, Su.G. deker, id. " Deker skin, says Ihre, ac- cording to our old laws, was the number of fen or rather of twelve hides." The reason he gives for mentioning both numbers is, that the decads of the ancients generally consisted of twelve, as tho hundred of 120. In S. the laug hunder is 120, or six score. Skene observes, indfecl, that six score skins are reckoned to the hundred. Thus the same mode of reckoning has anciently been common to us with the Scandinavians. In the sale of many ar- ticles it is still preserved. DAIKIT, part. pa. It is said of a thing, " It has ne'er been daikit," when it has never been used, or is quite new, Ang. Perhaps allied to Teut. daeck.en, nebulam exspi. rare, nebulam exhalare, Kilian ; q. a thing that has never been exposed to the air ; that, according to a common phrase, the wind has not been sttflered to blow upon. DAIL, s. 1. A part, a portion ; E. deal. 2. A number of persons. — Fresche men come and hailit the dulis, And dang thame doun in dailis. Chr. K. St. 22. A. S. duel, |)ars ; be daele, ex parte ; MoesG, dai/. Gif mil dail uiginis, Give me my proper por- tion, Luke, XV, 12. Hence (he phrase, to have dale, to have to do, or as used by Doug., to have tOjContend with one in battle. Wele Ihay persauc and behaldis sans fale, Thir eanipiouus war not of strenth equate. — The soft berde newlie did furth spryng, As al to ying with sic ane to haue dale. Doug. Virgil, 415. 37. Su.G. deUa, litigare. Hence, as Ihre observes «/-f/e/a, ordela, the trial by ordeal, quod est liti finem seuientia lata imponere, ab ur, quod rei lineni indicat. DAIL, 3. A ewe, which not becoming preg- nant, is fattened for consumption. " Than the laif of ther fat liokkis follouit oi» D A Y DAY ihc fcllis baytht youis and laminis, kcbbis and dw'lis, gylniys and dilmondis, and mony herueist hog." C'onipl. S. p. 103. Porliaps from A.S. dael-an, Tent, deel-en, parti- ri ; bt'canse ewes of this description arc separated from the Hock. DAILY DUD. V. Dud. DAIMEN, adj. Rare, occasional, what occurs only at times, S. auntrin, synon. Thus, Daimen-icker, s. An ear of corn met with oc- casionally, S. A duimen icker in a thrave 'S a sma' request. Burns, iii. 147. From A. S. ucccr, an ear of corn, MoesG. akran; and perhaps dicment, counted, from A. S. dem-an, to reckon ; as imdeement, ^\ hat cannot be counted, q. V. DAINTA, Daintis, expl. " No matter, it does not signify," Aberd. Gl. Ross, and Shirr. — 1 danc'd wV you on your birth day ; Ay, hearj/, quo' she, now but that's ana; Dairtta, quo" he, let never warse bcfa'. Ross's Helenore, p. 21. This term is probably very ancient. We might supjiose it to be corr. from Teut. difii-eii, Su.G. tian-a, to serve, to avail, and iiUct, nothing, q. it a- vails nothing. DAYNTF, J-. Regard. And of his chavi myr anc wes he, That wes had in gret dai/ntc. W^ntOiSii, ix. 1. 51. V. next word. D.iiNTY, s. 1. Agreeable, pleasant, good-hu- moured, S. 8. Worthy, excellent, S. Ye didiitj Deacons, and ye douce Conveeners, To whom our moderns are but causey-cleaners. liiinis, iii. 57. Skinner derives E. dai'n/j/ from O. Fr. daiii, fine, quaint, curious. But this, I suspect, has been intro- duced by the Franks, as being of f roth. origin. It liad occurred to me, that it was probably allied to the Northern terms mentioned under Dandie, q.v. ; and npon looking into Seren. I lind (hat he expressly re- fers to Goth, dandi, liberalis, as having a common origin with E. daintij. The termination may have been originally (id, retained in the s. Daintilh, from Goth, tid, tniie. Thus the word might signify an excellent season, or an opportunity rarely occur- ring. D.AiNTiTH, s. A dainty, S. Save you, the board wad cease to rise, Bedight wi' daintiths to the skies. Fergusson^s Poems, ii. 97. " He that never eat flesh, thinks a pudding a dain/elh;" S. Prov. " A man not us'd to what is good, thinks much of what is indilferent." Kelly, p. I'ie. DAiSE, s. The powder, or that part of a stone which is bruised iu consequence of the strokes of the pick-axe or chizzel, Ang. DAYIS. Tohalddayis. The Erie Jhon dydo besynes, Bathe be laud and be se. To sawfe the rycht of his cwntre ; For at the Tarbart he wes qwliilc llnldund dc/ijis wyfh Jhone of lie, That wes til Inglis fay haldand ; And qwhyle wes in-to the mayne land. JVijnloien', viii. 30. '28. This may either signify, " observing a truce with John of the Isles," or " entering into terms with him ;" as these noblemen were on opposite sides. Su.G. dug, a truce ; also, the time of the observa- tion of a truce : Laaio theti en drtg itaa, they agreed on a tr>!ce for a certain time; Chron. Rhythm, ap. 11. re. Teut. d'igh, induciae. Su.G. daga, to come to terms, to enter into an agreement. DAYS of LAW, Lawdayis, the term of the session of a court of justice; or the time, when those are summoned to attend, who have interest in the court. " — The subjectes — ar — frequentlie inquieted, be cumuiing in convocation, to dayes of Laxa, and to passe upon Assises in Edinburgh, quhair the Courtes ar oftimes continued [delayed] in hinderance of justice, and to the great trouble and needelcs ex- penses of the Kings lieges." Acts Ja. VI. 1587. c. 81. A gret dyttay for Scottis thai ordand than ; Be the laKdui/is in Dunde set ane Ayr : Than Wallace wald na langar soiorne thar. Wallace, i. 275. MS. Sometimes it occurs in the sing. " I send this be Bctown, quha gais to ane day of Luis of the Laird of Balfouris." Lett. Detection Q. Mary, G. V. a. Su.G. dag, the fixed time for public conventions or courts of Law ; En daag muande i Tclge stun; the convention was appointed to be held at Tclge ; Chron. llhyth. ap. Ihrc. Isl. lagdag, dies lege prac. finitus ; Verel. Ind. Teut. ducgh-en, diem alicui dicerc, constituere ; Belg. dag.en, to summon, rffl^- vuard and landdag, a convention of the states. I need scarcely observe, that L. B. dieta, whence E. diet, an assembly of estates, is formed, by analo- gy, from Lat. dies ; which esjiecially in declension (diei), seems originally the same with the Goth, term. DAIT, s. Destiny, determination. This, a least, seems to be the meaning of the term as used by Harry the Minstrel. Otf ws thai hailf wndoyae may than ynew ; My faithfull fadyr dispitfully thai slew, My brothir als, and gud men mony auc. Is this thi dait, sail thai our cum ilkane ? On our kynreut, deyr God, quhen will thow rew ? In Perth edit, it is ; Is this the dait sail yai ourcome ilk ane ? In edit. 164S; This is the date shall us overcome each one. O. Fr. det. a die. DAYWERK, Dawerk, Dark, s. work, a task performed during a day. Thare was na man than lyvaud, That evyr cowtli wyt of ony land, Or evyr herd, or saw bc-for. That evyr thai had in-tll memore Qq Wallace, ii. 194. MS. A day's D A M Iii.Cil ony kyn kvnryk, A duu-stik to thai ilni/iccrk lyk. ;ry/./c.i.-», viii. 16. 22 J. In the Slormond at (Jusklwne, That dulefiil danerk that ty.iio wcs done. Ibid. \x. \A. 44. <« A drunken wife will Rct the drunken penny, but a drudge will Ret a darl^r S. I'rov. Kelly, p. 29. From between m and zz in a Lat. word, as ampnis, a- lumpnus, for amnis, alumnus. DAMS, s. pi. The game of draughts, S. Sw. dam, damspel. Germ, damspiel, damenspil, Fr. dames, id. Germ, damme, a man at draughts; damenhret, a chess-board, Sw. dambraede, S. a dambrod. Ferraiins thinks that the game has received this name from dame, which Fr. signifies a lady. But female power is unknown in this game. Wachter therefore with reason rejects this origin. As Germ. dame denotes a double piece at draughts, or what is called a croicned man, damenspil, he apprehends, signifies that game in which one man is covered by another ; observing that with the Turks dam has the sense of covet cd, and that, according to Festus, Lat. damium saciijicium means sacrificium opertutn. The illustrations of this sense given by Wachter are very remote; but the general idea is supported by analogy. For Sw. dam is a king at draughts; and saetl dam paa brickan, signifies crown that man. There is no evidence, however, that there was any 11. of this form signifying to cover or to crown. Kiliau observes that some derive the name of this game from dam, agger, a ra!npart, a bank, or dam; Append. As O. Fr. dam is a title of honour, equi- valent to Lord, Sir, from Lat. dom-iniet ; it is not improbable that this is the origin, the covered pieces acting as lords in the game, and principally iufiuen. cing its issue. Although it is evident that this game was known to the Northern nations, they were i'~;)eeially attach- ed to (hat of chess. This was one of the chief amuse- ments of the ancient Icelanders. They called it DAN tkaak, skaak.apel, Su.G. skaftaficel. This game seems to have been peculiarly adapted to the stiulioug habits of this insulated people; who wore making considerable jirogress in learning, in those very ages in whirh the nations of the continent were buried in ignorance. DAN, s. A term used by S. and O. E. writers, as equivalent to Lord^ Sir. Doug, not only applies it to Virgil, but to Apollo. The ancient Nnn of Dan I'hebus Tliir wourdis endit- Virgil, 186. 48. O. Fr. dam, a " title of respect, and honour, given, in courtesie, unto a Gentleman or Knight: This in old time ; and yet the Govcrnours of the Charterhouse Monks are sliled Duma;" Cotgr. H;sp. dun; from Lat. dominiix. This designation •was used in O. E. so early as the time of R. brunne. Hd indeed writes Dan:. With tham went danz IMerlyn, For the stones to mak eng)n. Append, to Pref. c.xcii. To DANCE his or ber lane ; a phrase expressive, either of great joy, or of violent rage ; q. danced without a companion, or without music, S. Sunie ran to coli'ers, and sume to kists, But nought was stown that cou'd be mist; She dancid her la/ie, cry'd, Praise be blest! I hare ludg'd a Icil |>oor man. Gaberlunyie Man, st. 5. To DANDER, v. n. l. To roam, to go from place to place, S. 2. To go about idly, without having any certain object in view, to saunter, S. Allane throw flow'ry hows I dander, Tenting my flocks, lest they should wander. Ramsaj/'s Poems, ii. 263. 3. To roam from place to place, without having a fixed habitation, S. O ! then we needna gie a plack For dand'ring mountebank or quack. — Fcrgusion's Poems, ii. 18. 4. To trifle, to mispend one's time, S. 5. To bewilder one's self, on a way, generally in- cluding the idea of want of attention, or stupi- dity, as the reason. " He dandert out of the road," he lost his way. In this sense it is used as nearly equivalent to wander. The wilie Tod came by me to, With violence and sjicid : For feir the he fox left the scho, He wes iu sick a dreid : Quhilcs louping, and scowping, Ouer bush.s, banks, and brais ; Quhiles wandring, quhiles dandring. Like royd and w ilyart rais. Ihuel, fVation's Coll. ii. 18, 19. Slbb. refers to Fr. dandin-er, Teut. dant-en, in- eptire. It might bo suspected that this were rather from some Goth, word, now lost in the cognate lan- guages, as perhaps in its primary sense, correspond- ing to Isl. Su.G. andra, vagaii; T»ere it not that DAN there is another v. of the same meaning, which seems to oppose (he idea. This is Dandfll, q. v. DANDERS, s.pL The refuse of a smith's fire, S. scoriae, Lat. Sibb. refers to Goth, tand-ian, acceudcre, to kindle. This perhaps is the proper line for discovering the ety. mon. But Isl. tendr-u, id. is still nearer. Tindr.a signilies to emit sparks. Now this name may have been given originally to the sparks of b'lrning in-tal that llee from the forge, and afterwards extended to these as mixed iato one mass with the cind.'rs. Tliere is one diHiculty, however. IIow should we retain the t in iiend a spark, and change it in«o rf iu dnn. dars; if both are from the same source? DANDIE, Dandy, s. A principal person or thing; wliat is nice, fi;ie, or possessing super- eminence in whatever way, S. They'd gi'e the bag to dolefu' care, Aud laugh at ilka dundj/. At that fair day. R. Gallozeai/'s Poems, p. 89. This word claims a very ancient etymon. Isl. dandi and Su.G. daenne signify, liberal, munificent. V. Loccen. Antiq. SueoG. p. 199. Su.G. dandes folk, dandemaen, is a title of honour or respect. Various are the accounts given, by Northern writers, of its etymon. Some derive it from Isl. danni, or dandi, liberalis, already mentioned ; others, from A. S. Thaegn, Thane. Ihre, vo. Danneman, con- siders it as contr. from dugande maen, viri strenui, because all titles of honour had their origin from for- titude in war. This corresponds to A. S. diigend, valens, bonus, probus ; the part, of diig-an, valere. G. Andr. derives it from the old Isl. primitive dae, denoting any thing good, honourable, excellent; whence daene wel, excellently ; daemen, very beau- tiful. V. DoYN. Kiliau mentions O. Germ, rft'^/j- en, deghen.man, as signifying, vir praestans, stre- nuus, fortis. DANDIEFECHAN, s. A sort of hollow stroke on any part of the body, a slap, clash, synon. Fife. . To DANDILL, -v.n. To saunter, to go about idly. Euin as the blind man gangs beges, In honoring far behynd. So dois thou dandtll in distres, Quhilk I feir thou sail find. litirel, IVatson's Coll. ii. 39. This seems to be synon. with Dander, q. v. But Fr. dandin-er, and Tout, dani.en, are not the only words to which it seems to claim affinity. It is more nearly allied to Germ, dcntelcn, to act in a ludicrous manner; ludere, ludicre agere. V. £)a«;, Ihre. DANDILL Y, Dandily, adj. Celebrated, S. B. There lives a iandart laird in Fife, And he has mairied a dandily wife. She wadiia shape, nor yet wad she sew, But sit wi' her cununers, and fill her sell fu'. Old Sung, Janiieson's Popular Ball. i. 324. The dandillij toast of the parish Is woo'd aud married and a'. Russ, Songs, p. 145. It is also used as a s. signifying one who is Q q 2 DAN spoilf.l or rciuliTcil footiili by being too mnch maJc of, J-ifi". A").'- TliiTi- Miitip olil hiir«o (urn'il out off (able, \\ hill joiiiij; (laiiicit arc at council table. 'I'hv faio of Miiiic were once Dtttiililiies, Mi^lil tcacli the youniror Kajs and lillics, Not for to tramjile i)Oor cart-horse; Yet they [grow] still llie worse and worse. CUld/td's- Pocm^, II. 76. This may be merely a dimln. from Duiitlic, q. v. But from the sen.-e i;iven to it as a s., it has a strong rcjcniblance of Germ, rff/ift/.in, to play the fool, Fr. riiiniliti.rr, to carry one's self like a ninny ; Ital. iluiiitulii. :i huby. a puppet, dondulo, a ninny. D.\NDRING,/.^ir/. The armies met, the trumpet sound';, Tin- dittiiliing drums allond did touk. Jlatdc of 11(11 ta:c, st. 18. Efcrgreeii, i. 85. Ve iiia_\ vifw this word as cither formed to express the noise made by the drum, like Dozcii-tUrnj dozen in a later composition ; or as allied to Teut. dondcr- i-n, ton-ire, Su.O. dtindra, id. dutulcr, strepitus. DANE, D.^iNE, ad/. Gentle, modest. Hut )it ane countenance he bure, Dei^est, deuoit, (lane, and demure. Lynd.\aifs JVuikis, 1502. p. 312. F.ither from O. Fr. dain, daiut_v, line, or the p._ i/«/f «.(•/•, Mliencc v.. deign. D.\NG,/»v/. o/"DiNG, q. v. DANGER, Dawkoer, s. l. It is used in rela- tion to the great exertions of a pursuer, in con- sequence of which he who is pursued is expos- ed to imminent danger. The horss was £;ud, bot ycit he had gret dreid, For failyeinjf or he wan to a strcnth. The chass uas gret, scalyt our brcid and Icnth: Throw Strang danger thai had him av in sycht. ll'uUacc, v. 283! MS. 2. In hu dennger^ Utuicr his dawnger, in his power, as a captive. — (iw\t.rleuiyd all homagis, .•\nd alkyn stray t condylyownys. That Henry be his oxtorsyownys Of \\ ill.ome the Kyug of Scotland had, /{ Hf/j/r hijs daxtngerc quhil he thaine bade. H'j/nloicii, vii. y. 494. It occurs in the same sense in O. E. Cite, caslellc & toun allc was in the erlc''s dan. .?''''i- H. Jininiif, p. 213. :i. But duungerc, without hesitation, or apprehtJi- sion. ^1 ban Uychard Talbot ran hym i)ray To serwe hym of thre I'ours of We're, And he thaim grawiilyt but dazcn^ere. H'l/ntoxcn, Tiii. 35. 141. fill him ho send; and gan him pray 'J'hat he wald cum all anerly, ■ For (o hpck witli him priuelv. And he but duiivi^tr till him i;ai9. Hdiboiir, V. 283. MS. V. also T. 196. This nearly corresponds lo the use of the word by Chanccraj,»i^nif)ing coynes.s, rcluclauce, >vhcthi'r leul or apparent. DAN But good necco, alway to stint his -n'o, So let vour dunngcr siigred ben alitc, That (if his death ye be not all to wife. Tioilux, ii. 38-1. With danger utfren wo all our chalfare, Grct prccs at market nuikelh dere ware. IV. Balhv's Prol. 6103. O. Fr. danger frequently occurs in the !>ccoad souse ; or as signifying power, dominion. Chacun si I'appelloit sa Dame, Kt clamoit conniie riche fame : Tous se mettoient en son danger, Et Touloit chacun calengcr. Rom. dc Rose. Ainsi serez en servitude comme csclave, et ta re- nommee en danger d'estranges gens. Alain Charti. cr ; Diet. Trev. Hence danger, in the O. E. Laws, " a payment in money, made by the Forest-tenants to the Lord, (liat they might have leave to (jlough and sow in the time of Pannage or Mast-feeding," Cowel : thus denomi- nated, as being un acknowledgment of the superiori- ty of anotiier. Jlence also, in the Fr. Laws, the de- signation of Fief de danger, or a fief that might be forfeited to the superior, if entered into by the te- nant, by any title except that oflineal descent, before homage was done, or oifered at least. The authors of Diet. Trev. think that the word, in this sense, is corr. from Lat. domiiiari. DANGER, used as an adj. Dangerous, peri- lous. Than Wallace said, In trewth I will nocht fle. For iiii ofl' his, a}' anc quhill I may be : Wc ar our ner, sic purpos for to tak, A danger chace thai nu cht vpon ws mak. Wallace, viii. 202. AIS. DANT, s. Of me altyme thow gave but lytil tail ; Na of me wald have dunt nor dail. And thow had to mc done onic thing, Nocht was with hart ; bot vane gloir, and hething. A\ ith uther freinds thou was sa weill ay wount, To mc I how had fui lytil clame or count. Priests pfPcblis, Pink. S. P. Repr. i. 43. The Editor gives this word as not understood. Dant nor dail seems to have been a proverbial phrase now disused, denoting intimate intercourse. Dant may signify play, sport; Su.G. dant, ludibrium. But I susjiect that it rather means atfection, regard, a.s dtni is still used in Angus. V. Dent. To DANT, V. a. To subdue. " Rewlis to dant the Hcsch."— " We suld repres & dant our carnal lustis iV; desyris in liic beginning, and quhen tli.ti ar lytil." Abp. Hainiltoun's Gate- chisme, 1551. Fol. 75. 6. 76. b. V. next word. Danter, J. A tamer, a subduer; danter of hors, one who breaks horses. The ymage ponnrit was of Kyng Picus hauler of hors, in chare satt gloryus. .__. i>o«ir- 'V/\-//- 211. 38. \.TiX. domitor. Ihemaist perfyit industrcus horse dantars of -Macedon culd nocht gar hym be veil bridilit nor manerit in no comodius sort couucuient to scrue ane prince.'' Compl. S. p. 236. D A R Lat. domitor, id. from dom-ure to tame demp-a, id. seems radically tiie same. To Danton, Dantoun, v. a. To subdue, by whatever means, S. " lie left M Old behind him, to the Sheriff of Fife, Sfratheni, and Angus, to make proclamation out throus;h thir shires, (hat all men betwixt sixty and srxtcen, spiritual and temporal, as well bargh a6 land, that they should be read_v, at a certain day, at liis coming, to pass with him, where he pleased, to dan- ton rebols and conspirators against him." Pitscot. tie, p. 87. " Hot it is otherwise of a tame and duntoned horse," i. e. one thoroughly broken. Quon. Attach. c, 48. § 11. This may haTC been originally the same with 0. E. daunt en. — Reason shall rayne, and realmes goucrne, And right as Agag had, happe shall come, Samuell shall slea him, and Saule shall be blamed, And Dauid shall be diademed, & daunten hem all. P. PloiigJiinan, F. IG. a. This seems to be merely the Fr. v. dowter, don- ier, id. with a Goth, termination. Sercn. derives E. daunt from Goth, daaii-a, deliquium pati, from daa deliquium. To DARE, (pronounced daar") v. n. To be a- fraid ; to stand in awe. To dare at, to be afraid of a person or thing, Ang. Stirl. Sw. darr.'i, to quake, to tremble. This r. is wsed in the same manner as ours : Han darrar naur hun J'aar se er ; he trembles at the sight of you. Darrningi trepidation ; Wideg. This seems the sense of dare, O. E. although Rit- 6on views it as perhaps signifying to " stare as one territied or amazed." In this dale I droupe and dare. For dern dedes that done me dere. — The Scottes now all wide will sprede. For thai have failed of thaire pray ; Kow er thai darcand all for drede, That war bifore so stout and gay. Minor s Poems, p. 2, 3. To DARE, Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. i. 4. V. DURKEN. DARE, adj. Stupid, dull. The character of the herons is ; Ay soiTowfull and sad at all houris ; Was nevir leid saw thame lauch ; bot drowpanc and dare. Uoit/afe. i. 15. Su.G. daerc, Alem. dor, changed by the Germans into Ihor, stultus; ^u.Q. dwtr-a, Da.n. daar-er, to infatuate, to make stupid; Dan. daure, a fool, a sot. V. Daw, Da. DARG, Dark, s. 1. A day's work, a task for a day ; anciently daywerk. It is sometimes re- dundantly called day^s darg, S. " They [the tenants] are subject also to a darg (or day's w ork), for every acre, or, lOd. per an- num." P. Alloa, Statist. Ace. viii. C02. " A darg of marl," i. e. as much as can be cast up with one sf ade in one day, amounting often to 200 bolls. BAR Sw. 2. It is sometimes used to denote a certain quan- tity of A'ork, whether mor>; or less ban th.it of a day, S. " Formerly (he coals were jnir out by the dark, consisting of twenty-eight hute'ics : — an active work! man could very easily put out two of these darks i-cr day, making three shillings and fourpence." P. Campsic, Stirling, Si.;(is(. Ace. xv. 332. " He never wrouglit a good dark, that went grumbling about;" S. Prov. Kelly, p. 143. " Tine needle, tine dark," S. Prov. " spoken to young girls when they lose their needle." Kelly, p. 325.- V. Daywerk. Dargin'g, Darguing, s. The work of a day. labourer, S. 1 wish they'd mind how niany's willing To win, by industry, a shilling; — Are glad to fa' to wark tliat's killing, To commoti darguing. R. GaUuicaij's Pocnif:, p. 119. Darger, X. A day-labourer, S. Belg. dag^ werker, id. The croonin' kic the byre drew nigh, The darger left his thrift. Miw-trclsu Border, iii. 35". DARGEIS,/./. Dirges. Thay tyrit God with trylillis tume trentalis, And dailit him with [ihuir] daylio dargeis ; \\ ith owklie Abitis, to augment thair rentalis. liannafi/iic Poem-, ]>. 197. st. 12. Dergie, S. V. Dregie. DARKLINS, adv. In the dark, without light, S. She throw the yard the nearest taks, An' to the kiln she goes then, An' darklins grapit for the banks, And in the bluc-chie throws then. — Burns, iii. 130. V. To D.\RN, Dern, v. a. To hide, to conceal. He darned himsdl, he sought a place of conceal- ment, S. Darned, part. pa. " Thay have by maist subtile and craftie means, by changing their namis, and dissembling the [jlace of their nativitie, convoyed themselves in the in- countries of this realme, — abusing and harming his Majesties good subjects by their darned stoutlis, in the in-eountry transported, reset and quyetlie sold in the bounds of the late Borders." Acts Ja. VI. 1009. c. 10. A darning, secreting themselves. Our soldiers then, who lying were a darning. By sound of trumpet having got a warning, Do kyth, and give the char:;e. 31 uses Tlirenodie, p. IIC. Derne, pret. hid, concealed. And as he fand schupe to his feris schaw : His nauy denie amang the thik wod schaw, Undorncth the hingand holkit rochis hie. Doug. I'irgii, 22. 41. . Occulit, Virg. To Dern, v. n. To hide one's self. Their courage quail'd and they began to dern. Hudson'' s Judith, p. 31. A. S. dcarn.an, djjrn.un, occiillare. DARNjrti'^'. Secret, i)«/7/_;■rf^ a postern ; tlie nam.e DAS still given to one of the gates of the Abbey garden at Abcrbroihic. |5ot at a place, qiihar nuil lip to tiiaim broclit, And bi'dvn to, als gUiilly as he moclit, A dnn iloll fiirth, on ill.- north sjd, thai had To the wallir, iiuliar oil' Wallace was glad. /IW/acc, xi. 313. MS. Ill dfrn, in secret. My diile in dern bot gif thow dill, Duutloss bot dn-id I de. ttannulijne Poems, p. 98. st. 1. The sense of •• — 'rill (Mir nyclibour na temporal or erdly thing is dairar and mair precious thane is his a«in bodylie lyfe." Ab|). Ilaniiltoun's Catechisme, 1551. hoi. 48. b. To DARREN, v. a. To dare, to provoke. (juha best on fute can ryn lat se, — Or like ane douchty eampioun in to fycht With bustiious bastoun darren stryfTe, or mais. Doug, (irgil, 129. 39. A. S. dearran, dj/rran, aiidere; Belg. derren. To this origin Junius traces darraine, derrcine, Chauc. ; alilioiii-h Tyrwhitt refers to Fr. desren.er. It must be admitted, that if our darren, and O. E. durrainc, be from the A. S. v., the infinit. form has been retained, as in some other verbs. To D.^SCAN, V, n. To ponder, to contemplate, to scan. Than did I dii^can with my sell, Qiihidder to hcuin or unio hell, Thir persouns suld pertene. liiirel, fVa/son's Colt. ii. 45. Lat. discendere in »e*o, to examine one's self; from dc and sruudo, whence E. fcan. To DASK, Daisf., v. a. l. To stupify, S. This term denotes mental stupor, whether proceeding from insanity, or from any external cause. He daises himself ivith driiik^ he stupiiies himself with intoxicating liquor. I'.irt. pa. da^i/d, dai^ii, dazed, stupid, sfupifiod. J dmcd look, A. Hor. is such as persons have when frighted ; Ray. liot yhit he wes than In hys deyd bot a i/n>;/f/ man, In na.lhyng repute of valii, Na roiiih do na tli) ng of wertu. He had bot nomcn sine re. Wi/ntoicn, vi. 4. 56. My f/rti-i7 heid fordnllil dissele ; I raisit up half in ane lilhargie. Piilitr of llonniir, i. 26. Tcrray Phrigianc wytbs, daul withtis, DAS To call you meu of Troy that unrycht is. Doug, f'irgil, 299. 39. Gin he likes drink, 'twad alter soon the case ; — It soon wad gar his love to me turn cauld. And mak hiiu dat'd and doited ere ha'f auld. Shirrefy Poems, p. 42. 2. To beiiumn. D«j/«^, benumning, congealing ; dasit, benumned from cold, or age, congealed. The callour are penctraliue and pure, Dosing the blude in euery creature, Made seik warme stouis and bene fyris hofe. Doug. Virgil, 201. 38. Bot certainly the dasi/ blude now on dayis Waxis dolf and dull throw mine vnweildy a^e. Ibid. 140. 45. ; gelidus, Virf. " I's dazed, I am very cold;" A. Bor. Ray. Rudd. refers to Belg. dusel-tn, vertigiue laborare, obstupere. But it is more nearly related to Teut. daci-cn, delirare, insanire ; Su.G. dm-a, Isl. dus. ast, languere, Belg. dzcaaz-en, to be foolish. A. S. dxaes, Su.G. dase, stupidus, slullus, Teut. dues, dzcaex, delirus; Isl. dasad-ur, languid, greatly fa. tigued ; Belg. dtiuuf, foolish, silly. Our da^e is radically the same with E. doze. Instead of dasif, dozeiit is now more commonly used, as signifying benumned. DASE. On dase. With daggaris derfly tbay dang. Thai doughtyis 07i dase. Gazoan S( Got. lii. 5. This perhaps signifies " living warriors." As out of daza denotes death, on dase, q. on dai/s may denote " in life." To DASH, V. a, l. To flourish in writing, to make ornamental figures with a pen, S. 2. To make a great shew, S. This may be merely an oblique use of the E. v. the origin of which is probably Isl. dask-a, verbe- ra ct verba dura infligo. Its second sense might in- dicate a relation to Isl. daas, a candle, a torch, be- cause of its splendour. The Isl. *. indeed, has a similar mcfaph. sense ; Das, fervor agendi, quasi in- ceqdii flagrantia, G. Andr. p. 47. Dash, s. l. A flourish in writing, S. 2. A splendid appearance ; to cast a dash, to make a great figure, S. Daft gowk, in macaroni dress. Are ye come here to shaw your face ; Bowden wi' pride o' simmer gloss, To cast a dash at Rcikic's cross ? Fi;rgusson\s Poems, ii. 32, 33. •* A little above this ui)on the side of a pleasant green hill in Romanno ground, arc to be seen eleven or twelve large orderly terrace-walks, which in I heir summer verdure cast a bonny dash at a dis- tauce." Penuecuik's Tweedale, p. 16. DASYD, Dasit. V. Dase. DAS KANE. Throw rowting of the river rang, The roches sounding lyke a sang, Quhair Das Kane did abound ; AVith Triple, Tcuor, Counter, Mein. Chcrrie and S/ac, st. 7, D A U This sliould be written as one word ; and proper, ly denotes singing in parts; Lut. cliscant-w, from diacenfo, to sing treble ; Ital. descanio. Ft. deschmit, descant, E. descant, id. di'cant, cantus diversis voci- bus fonstifntus, Kilian, in Append. In the Lat. version, however, it is rendered ; — — Ubi Discantus nulla otia captans Trii)lieat — This bugfjests that the Translator, T. D. (proba. bly the famous T. Dempster) understood Montgo- mcrie as meaning, that there was a frequent repeti. tion of the same words. This agrees with the doti. nition given of K. descant by Skinner. Quibusdam, Toris frequentamentum. DASS, s. 1. Dass of a hay stack, that part of it that is cut off with a hay-knife for imme- diate use, Loth. 2. A dass of corn. When a quantity of corn in the sheaf is left in the barn, after part is re- moved, what is left is called the dass, Fife. In the same manner, in Fife, the hay left in the stack, when part is cut off, receives this desig- nation. The latter seems the most proper use of the terra ; as corresponding most closely in meaning to the cognate terras in other languages. Sibb. says that it is " so called perhaps from its resemblance to a deiss or seat." But it is evidently allied to C. B. das, according to Boxhorn, a heap of grain, bay or the like ; Gael, tas, a heai) ; Su.G. does, anc. dyss, id. Isl. dys, cumulus, hcndi).t, foeni cumu. lus ; Teut. tas, a heap, properly of corn or fodder; Fr. tas, a heap of any kind. L. B. thass-ure, tass-are, " to lay up hay or corn into a tass, toss, stack, rick, or mow ; tass-a, tassus;" Cowel. Teut. tasi and schock are given as synon. ; also tass-en and schock-en, coacervare ; Kilian. DASS, s. " Then 15 strata of muirstonc rise above each other to the summit of the Fells, where tliey jut out ; in the face of the braes, they go by the name of Ja^.te? OT gerrocks." P. Campsie, Stirlings. Sta- tist. Ace. XV. 327. To DATCH, V. a. To jog, to shake, S. B., per- haps originally the same with E. dodge^ as sig- nifying to change place. DATIVE, s. A power legally granted to one to act as executor of a latter will, when it is not confirmed by the proper heirs of the testa- tor. He, to whom this power is granted, is called the executor-dative. " We haif given — our full power to our saids Commissaries of Edinburgh, to give datives, and constitute sik persons as they be the aviss of our Lords of the said Sessioun, or ane certain nowmer of them as sail be appointit to that efi'ect (sail judge proper to be) executors-dativa to the guids and geir of the persons deceissaud." Act Sedt. 24 July 1564. L. B. dativ-us, a guardian appointed by the Judge. DAUD, s. A large piece. V. Da WD. DAUE, adj. Listless, inactive. DAW — Than am I dangerus, and daue, and dour of my will. Dunbar, Maiiland Poems, p. 49. V. Daw". DAVEL, s. Expl. " a stunning blow," Gl. Sibb. ; devel, Gl. Shir. To DAUER, Daiver, v. a. To stun, to stu- pify ; especially by a stroke, Loth. Border. To Dauer, Daiver, z'. n. 1. To become stupid, to fall into a state of stupefaction. I wist not quhair to ryn, Nor yit culd tind the gait againe. First quiiair I enterd in : Bot taureii and daiiren. Like ane daft doitit fule ; Afflickit and priekit, With dairts of care and dule. Hurel, iVut son's Coll. ii. 30. This is evidently the ;)«//. of our t>. q. daverand, " Taureu and dauren," wandering and waxing stu- pid. The description is natural enough ; as one who loses his way, generally becomes so confused, that, in seeking to regain it, he goes farther astray. V. Taiver. 2. To be stiffened with cold, to be benumbed. Davert, part. pa. benumbed, S. B. " Ve ken well enough, we, bciu wat, won'd soon grow davert to stand or sit either i' the cauld that time o' night." Journal fromLondon, p. 6. Su.G. (/««/•-«, infatnare ; doj'zs-a, stupere ; IsJ. daiif-r, stupidus. As the word also signifies bodily torpor, we may view Teut. daver-en, treniere, con- tremiscere, as a cognate term. Douerit, Doug, seems to be the same word, according to a different orthography. To DAUT, v. a. To fondle. V. Dawt. To DAW, V- n. To dawn. Thiddyr he come or day begouth io dars. 'Wallace, v. 321. MS. Hay ! now the day daicU. Old Song, Citron. S. P. iv .p. Ix. A. S. daeg-ian, lucescere, Sw. dag-as, Teut. dagh-en, id. from A.S. daeg, Sw. dag, Teut. dagk, day. In one of the Ilarleian MSS. preceding A. 1200, the same word occurs. In May it murgeth, when hit dazces. V. Warton's Hist. E. P. i. 29. For Jesus iusteth well, Joye beginneth daice. P. Ploughman, F. 99. b. Daw, s. Day ; O. E. dawe. Aftur fyftene daa>es, that he hadde y ordeyned this, To London he wende, for to amende that ther was amys. R- Glouc. p. 1 44. MoesG. A. S. Su.G. Alcm. dag, Isl. dag-ur. Germ. Precop. tug, C. B. diau, id. Dzene of date, dead. And qwhen that he wes disne of dazce, Thai tuk the land for-owtyn awe. JFyntoK-n, viii. 26. 29. Thai war wencussyt all planly. — Than stud he still a quhill, and saw D A W That thai war all ilouiie of dm:. Harbour, \\\i\. 15 4. M^?. To do m:t ojfdatryu, to briii^ o/Jda-^, to kill. Ili.% fo»ror brodyr (liarcfiir sune The f \ ft o\/ ('//■ dazcus has done. Ibid. Ti. 650. US. For thai war fayis to the King, Ami ihocht lo riiiii in lo sriilkinc; ; ,\ns ihat kii>f al hlody, that \ i:h hro^tc h\ni ' i:i/lh III ilaice. R. Glouc. \>. 311. In the same sense must we understand a i)hrase in the Kins; of Tars, left unex|ilained by Air Ritson. Ischolde be brcnl and don of dozcc, Yif i forsokc my lay. E. Met. Rom. ii. 189. Met. causa for dazcc. Sii.tl. da;:, (hough il literally signify dai/, is often used lo denote /ifc : Tagu af duga, luce iirivarc, in- terliroru ; Mod. Sax. ran dagen dohn, id. DAW, Da, s. 1. A sluggard, one who is lazy aiul idle. Ilenee the S. Prov. " What better is the house, that the Duzc rises early in the morning;" Kelly, p. :jjj. W'c must certainly su)iposc that our ancestors were ijreat enemies to sloth, when they framed ano- ther I'rov. '• Better a deill than a date." Than thorht 1 thus, 1 will my cunnand kcip, I «ill not bi.' ane date, I wyl not sleip, I will complete my iiromyssthortly thus, Maid to the poete niaisler Mapheus ; And niak vp work hereof, and clois our buke. Doug. J'irgil, 451. 23. 2. It Is now appropriated to a woman, as equiva- lent to E. drul), i/attcrn, S. B. " Ae year a nurse, seven years a da:c ;" S. Prov. Ferguson, p. 1. This Prov. seems to denote the fatal inlluencc, on the female constitution, of giv. ini; suck too long, as it must necessarily produce lassitude. Kelly gives another reason ; " because that year will give her a habit of idleness ;" p. 270. " He (hat marries a duic, eats raeiklc dirt." Ibid p. I.-,. One would suppose Ihat Ihc term had greafer em- pha!>is than stat, from the following I'rov. ; " There was never a slu( but had a slit [rent], there was never a date but had twa." Ibid. p. 324. Mony slute da:;: and slepy diKldrouu Him servit ay with sounyie. Dunbar, liannali/iif Pocma, p. 29. But I sec that but spinning I'll never be braw, But gae by the name of a dilp or a da. Song, Ilo9s's Ihlenure, p. 135. Hudd. ronjerlurally derives it from dullj/, dotii, dull ; Sibb., from Teut. dagli.cn, prorogarc "in alium diem, ([. a postpona: The first is indeed nearest the mark, for do//ij is from the same com. nion origin willi dai.\ This is Isl. daa, defect, faiuti ing, deli(|nium aninii; Verel. 0. Andr. not mily renders it dcUl. DECAY, J-. A decline, a consumption, S. " They have a charm also whereby they try if persons be in a decay or not, and if they will die thereof; which they call Casting of the heart." Brand's Orkney, p. 62. To DECORE, V. a. To adorn, to decorate, Fr. decor-er. This made me to estemc of her the more, Her name and rareness did her so decore. K. James VI. Cliro?i. S. P, iii. 479. " They gifts, that decores and beautifies nature, they cannot hurt nor imjiair nature ; but al super- natural! gifts, beautifies and decores nature." Bruce's Serm. on the Sacr. M. 3. b. DECOURTED, part, pa. Dismissed from court. " The Earl of Hundy in the mean time procured a gift of the benefice of Duinfermline, which was lately taken from the Master of Gray now decourt- ed." Melvil's Mem. p. 176. DEDE, Deid, s. 1. Death, S. Syne Dcid casts up his yettis w yd; Saying, ' Thir oppin sail ye byd.' Dunbar, Maitland Poems, 126. The term occurs in O. E. Than dede his life suudred, the folk for him was wo. R. Brunne, p. 28. 2. The cause of death, S. Though I hae slain the lord Johnstone, What care I for their feid ? My noble mind their wrath disdains. He was my father's deid. Minstrelsy Border, i. 222, It is, by way of eminence, used in this sense as denoting the pestilence. That ilke yere iii-til Yngland The secund Dede wes fast wedand. — The tothir yere next folowand, The Ded was entret in Scotland, Begynnand at the Candilmes, To the Yule, or eft, it wedand wes. JVj/fitoun, viii. 45. 92. 100. That this is the sense, unquestionably appears from the mode of expression used elsewhere ; In Scotland that yhere in wijolens Wes wedand the tliryd pestilens. Ibid. ix. 3. 56. The ^eco?!// raged A. 1361. Su.G. doed, mors, as Hire informs us, also denotes the pestilence. " Thus," he says, " that pestilence which wasted the whole of Europe, in the middle of the fourteenth century, is couinionly denominated digerdoedan, i. e. the great death, from diger \\\- gens, grandis. It was also called the black death, V. Von Troll's Lett, on Iceland, p. 305, 306. 3. The manner of dying. Sum thol) d wengeans and hard payne Till thare endyng, but remede. Few war of tha, that deyd gud dede. JVyniown, ix, 12, 150. Rr2 D E D A. S. dfd, Su.G. Joed, IbI. daiiJ, Re?g. dooJ, id. Dedechack, .'. The sound made by a wood- worm in houses; so called from its clicking noise, and because vulgarly supposed to be a premonition of death, S. It is also called the cbacku-mill, S. B., because of its resemblance to the sound of a mill. In E. it is designed the death-watch. V. CnAK, 2., and Elf-mill. Dede-ill, /. " Mortal sickness," Gl. Wynt. This sei-iDS to bo the same with dedal, S. mcii- tionod by lliiilil. as synon. with dide ; but proiierly dciiijting the cause of death. It may, however, be q. dtdc-ail, i. e. mortal ailment or disease. 'I'harfor iii-til Orkiiay In-till hys dcde-ill qiihcn lie lay, Till- Ifllrys selyd of that cownnand Till the Kyng Alysavvndyr of Scotland In j;ri't hy he gcrt be send, Tu aiak hys mennys dcdis kond. Jl'j/i!tui:H, vii. 10. 230. This is written dcde-cuetle, 0. E. Sithcn at Gloucc&tre dcde-cuelle him toke. R. Brunne, p. 32. Dedlyke, aii/. Mort.il, deadly. Thare is uanc dcdlj/ke Kyng wyth crowne, That our-hirdc til oure kyng suld be. lu.til supcryoryte. Wyntoi^n, viii. 5. 74. A. S. dcttdlic, id. Isl. daudleik.r, mortality. Dede-nip, s. a blue mark in the body, not produced by a blow, contusion, or any known cause, ascribed by the vulgar to necromancy ; lience sometimes called a witch's nip, S. This superstitious idea is not confmcil to our coun. try. Kilian defines Tcut. doode-nep in a similar manner, observing that it is vulgarly viewed as a presagv of the death of a relation. Livor sive ma- cula lurida.: livor ultro provoniens, absque contu- sionc aut dolorc in corporis humani aliqua parte : q>ia mortem consanguinei conjcctat vulgus. Dede-thraw, Deidthraw, Deitiit thraw, s- 1. Tlie agonies of death. " The hyllis, Talis and lesuris rcsoundit all (he nicht with majst terribyl spraichis of yammcryng pipyll in the deid-lhraxs." Uellcnd. Cro'n. B. vi. c. 17. " Kyng Alexander cam at (hat instant tyme quhcn Darius vas in the agonya and dcilht Ihiau.'" Compl. S. p. 188. The ingenious Olossarist to this Mork has made some curious remarks on the subject. Speaking of the rontortions of death, he says ; " These are re- garded by the peasants with a species of superstiti- ous horror. To die with a ihratc, is reckoned an obvious indication of a bad conscience. When a person was secretly murduied, it was formerly be- Iievcd, that if the corpse were watched with cer- tain mysterious ceremonies, (he dcalh.thniics would •)e reversed on its visage, and it would denounce ttie per|.e(rators and circumstances of (he murder rhe following verse occurs in a ballad, of which I hav,- heard some fragments. A lady is murdered by her lover : her seven brothers watch the corpse. It proceeds — D E F 'Twas at the middle o' the night, The cock began to craw ; And at the middle o' the night, The corpse began to /lirazi}." E. throe, throx ; A. S. thraw-an, agonizare. 2. Meat is said to be irt the dead-thraw^ when it is neither cold nor hot, S. 3. Any thing is said to be " left in the dead- thvaiu" when left unfinished, S. To DEDEINYE, Dedane, v. n. To deign. 1 dedcinye not (o ressaue Sic honour certis quhilk feris nic not to haue. Doug. Virgil, 23. 30. Not to dispieiss your faderhcid, I pray, Under the figur of sum brutal heist . A moral fable ye wad dedaiie to say. Ilenrt/sone, Chron. S. P. i. 93. Fr. daign-er, id., de, as lludd. observes, being su- perfluous. DEE, s. A dairy-maid. V. Dey. DEEP, s. The channel, or deepest part of » river, S. " At the Ford. dike the deep or channel of the river is upon tlic Sealon side." State, Leslie of Powis, p. 119. Teut. diepte, Sw. diiip, depth. DEEPDRAUCHTIT, adj. Designing, artful, crafty, S. from deep and draucht, a plan, a scheme. It may be obsevved, however, that Su.G. drag-a, primarily to draw, also signifies to deceive ; and that there is even a synon. term in Su.G., laangdragen, qui simultates diu servat alta mente repostas, Ihre ; q. langdrauchtit. DEER-HAIR, Deers-hair, s. Heath club- rush, S. Scirpus cespitosus, Linn. At the Skelf-hill the cauldron still The men of Liddesdale can shew ; And on the spot where they boiled the pot, The sprcat and the deer-liuir ne'er shall grow. Minstrcht) Border, iii. 376. " The deer hair is a coarse species of pointed grass, which, in May, bears a very minute, but beautiful yellow flower," Ibid. " Scirjius caespitosus. Deer^s Hair. Scotis australibus." Ligh(foot, p. 1080. To DEFAIK, V. a. To relax, to remit. " Tliir iiouellis maid Cesius to defai/c sum part of his curage." Bellend. Cron. Fol. 39. a. Remiserit ardorem ; Boeth. Fr. defalqii.er, E. defidc-are. To DEFAILL, v. n. To fail, to wax feeble. Feill Scottis horss was drewyn into trawaill, Forrown that day, so irkyt can defailL f Wallace, x. 704. i. e. " began to falll." Fr. defuill-er, id. To DEFAISE, v. a. To deduct. " The awnar of (he brint land, quha hes biggit and reparrellit the samin, .sail not be haldin to pay mair of the saidis annucllis respcctiuc, then curainis to the residew thairof, the saidis saxt, fyft and fourt parties rcspectiiie being defasit," Acts Marie, IS.")!, c. 5>. Edit. 1566. Dffaised, Murray, c. 10. \ D E G Fr. se defaire, to alienate, to quit. Defaisance, Defasance, /. 1. Excuse, sub- terfuge. " Because the Lordis vndcrstandis, that (hair is sum ]:art of letters grantit be the Kiug to spirituall Lordis, and Prclatis, and ais to teinporall Lor'lis, and to Barronis of discharge of part of the saiil laxt; — the saidis letlers of discharge to be na dcUrance to thaine." Acts Ja. IV. 1489. c. 21. Edit. 1566. Defaisance, Murray, c. 9. Fr. defaite, a shift, an excuse. 2. Defalcation, deduction in payment. "It sail be lesum to the aniiucllaris. notwith- standing the defaisance maid presentlie, gif thay pleis, to by in agane." Acts Marie, 1351. c. 9. DEFAME, s. Infamy, disgrace. Depc in his hart boldynnys the felloun schame, Mixit with dolour, anger and drfitmc. Doug, f'irgil, 351. 65. Lat. drfam-o. HEVAWTYt, part. pa. He was arestyt syne and tane. And dczradyt syne wes he Ort" honour and ofl dignite. — Schyr Kdouard, the mychty King, Had on tliis wyss done his likyng Ot) Jhone the liallcoll, that swa sonc Was all dej'ax/j/l and wndone. Barbour, i. 182. MS. " Defeated," Piuk. But this does not properly express the idea. For an overthrow is not meant, according to the usual sense of the term defeated. The word here used is expletive of degradyt, and seems synon. vi\t\i fore-faulted which commonly oc- curs in our laws. It seems to be from Fr. dcfaill-cr, 3d pers. pres. default, " to want, to lack, to make a default," Cotgr. used in an active sense. To DEFEND, v. a. To ward off. For lo, the werk that first is foundit sure, May better bere apace and hyarc be, — And stronger to defend aduersitee. King's Quair, iv. 8. In this sense S. B. they commonly speak of " de- fending a stroke." Fr. defend-rc, id. To DEFOUL, V. a. l. To defile ; Doug. 2. To dishonour, to disgrace. That doughty delit with hym sa, for dout he war defold. Gati-an and Gol. iii. 25. Fr. defoul-er, to trample on, also, to reproach. Defowle, s. Disgrace. Wys men suld drtde thare innymys; For lychtlynes and succwdry Drawys in defowle comownaly. IVyntoicti, viij. 26. 54. To DEFOUND, v. a. To pour down. The son schene Begouth dcfound his bemes on the grene. Doug. Virgil, 293. 8. Lat. defund.o. DEGEST, adj. Grave, composed. Furth held the stout and degest Auletes. Doug. Virgil, 321. 49. King Latyne tho with sad and degest mynd To him ausueris. — Ibid. 406. 6. D E Y Sedatus, Virg. Lat. digssf.us. Hence, Degestlie, adv. Sedately. Agit Alethes, that na wysdome wantit, Bot bailh was ripe in counsole and in yeris, Unto thir wourdis degrsflie maid ansni-ris. " Doug. Virgil, 284. 3. Degesteable, adj. Concocted. Thus Harry the Minstrel speaks of The tlouris siiete, Degesteable, engenered throu the hefe. Wallace, iii. 2. MS. Fr. digest-er, to concoct, whence digestifs digest- ed, or procuring digestion. DEGYSIT, part. pa. Disguised. And ay to thame come Repentance amang, And maid thame chere degi/sit in his wcJe. King^s Quair, iii. 8. Fr. deguis.er, to disguise. DEGOUTIT, /.ar^. /A7. Spotted. With this hong A mantill on hir schuldrics large aud long j That furrit was with ermyn full quhite, Digoutit with the self in spottis blake. King's Quair, v. 9 10. DEY, Dee, s. A woman who has the charge of a dairy, a dairy-maid, S. B. Dec, Loth. As they drew near, they heard an elderin dej/, Singing full sweet at milking of her ky. Ross's llelenorc, p. 76. There sing the gowans, broom and knows, — And bljthsome swains, Wha rant and dance, with kiltit dees, O'er mossy plains. Ram.'a^/'s Poems, ii, 399. My mother she is an auld de^ ; Aud we'll sleep on a bed o' green rashes. And dine on fresh curds and green whey. Jamieson's Popular Ball. ii. 157. This word is used by Chaucer. She was as it were a maner dey. Nonnc's Pr. T. 14851. Tyrwhitt says ; " A kind of dey ; but what a del) was, it is not easy to determine precisely. — It probably meant originally a dati-labourer in general, though it may since have been used to denote parti- cularly the super-iatendant of a dai/erie." Note, Vol. IIL 278. Dey-house, Glocest., signifies dairy-house. This Marshall derives " from dey an old word for milk, and house, the milk-house." Rural Econ. of Glo- cest. Gl. Lye, (Addit. to Junius) derives it conjecturally from Isl. degg-ia, lac praebere, lactare, g being changed into y, which is very common. Although he speaks with uncertainty, he has evidently refer, red to a cognate term. Sw. deju has precisely the sense of dey ; a dairy.maid, Widcg. Sibb. having mentioned dcya oeconoma, refers also to A. S. theotce, famula, serva, ancilla. But there is no sort of affinity between these; whereas Su.G. deja is evi. dently allied to a variety of terms, iu the Northern languages, which have a similar meaning, hi. dia, dy,iiw.di, to suck ; Su.G. degg-ia, daegg.fa, to give milkj to suckle; MoesG. dadd-jan, both to D E I milk and to suckli-. The root seems to be LI. dy^ Din. (/». (//V, inaiiima ; at gij've bitrnct (It, to gWe the brca.st to a chilJ ; wlunre also die, coiiciibina foeta; G. Amir. p. 49. and Sw. di-barn, a nurse-child. A.S. diendf, lartantes ; Benson. Ihre justly ob- scrTc". that 10. dog preserves the root. Belg. iitle and K. teat are rieHed as having the same origin. V. .lun. (Jotli. Gl. To DRY, V. n. To die ; Wyntown. LI. dcu-a, id. daeii, mortuus. CJ. Andr. and Ihre view (Jr. Bxtytuti, Sxm, as radically the same. In a- uothcr place, however, (J. Andr. seems to consider Isl. daa, deliquium, as allied, explaining it, seminex, ipiii'!. morti siiuiliur, p. 41. DEIL, Deille, Dell, /. Part, quantity, E. eUa/. W deil/c, any thing, aught. • Schir Ilanald said, Lordis, yhe knaiv this weili, At my commandc he will nocht do a dcille. IVallacc, iii. 282. MS, Half dele, the one half. — All kind of vicis to comprehend half dele, Nor all the names of tormentis and of panis, I micht not rekkin, that in yone hald remanis. Doiig. rirgi/, 186. 41. MoesG. dait, pars, portio ; A. S. dael, Belg. dee/, id. een deet, partly ; A. S. mtm dael, aliqua pars, ("hron. Saxon. Su.G. del; S. date, " share, di- vidend, in partnership among fislicrmen ;" Gl. Wyn- tonn. DEIL, Deill, Deel, s. The devil, S. Beioocht.us-to I and well I wat that's true: Awa! awa! the (/t'f/'« owrc grit wi' you. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 120. This pronunciation has originated, as in many other words in which v was anciently written «, froui the soft sound given to this Icttet. Deil's DOZEN, pron. dizen. The number thiiv teen, S. This number is accounted so unlucky, that I have seen people, who were in other respects intelligent, refuse to form one of a company that would amount to thirteen. Many will not sail in a vessel, when this is the number of persons on board ; as it is be- lieved that some fatal accident must bcfal one of them. Whence this strange superstition could ori- ginate, it is impossible to say. But it evidently in. eludes the idea, that the thirteenth is the devil's lot. Deil's dung, Assafoetida, S. So railed from its stench. It is singular, that its name in Tint, is the same in signification ; dui/vels died, diaboli .stercus ; and in Sw. dyfvehtracck, the term traerk denoting excrement. Deil's snuffbox, a name given to the Common Puff-ball, S. Lycoperdon bovista, Linn. Deil's srooNs. i. Great water Plantain, S. Aiisma Plantago, Linn. 2. Broadltavcd Poudwecd, S. Potamogeton na- tans, Liim. DEIR, adj. Bold, daring. Dukis and dignc lordis, douchty and dcir, Kerabillit to his summoune. Gaiiian and Gol. i. 1. D E I It frcqucnily occurs in Wallace. Butler is slayne with dochty men and dcijr. B. V. 491. MS. The same word is used substantively for a daring or bold man. The deir dight him to the deid by the day dew. Gazcan and Gol. ii. 23. This may be the same with Dcrf, q. v. although if any one contend that it is the ancient form of dear, precious, it might be dilficult to prove the contrary. Alem. diiir, carus. and its derivatives, were used with considerable latitude. V. Schilter in vo. DEIR, adj. Wild, not tamed. The)- drive on the da deir, by dalis and doun. Gaisan and Gol. i. 18. i. e. " the wild does;" Su.G. diitr, A.S. dear, Alcni. Belg. dier, Isl. dj/r, a wild beast. DEIR, Dere, s. a wild animaL V. Derf.. DEIR, s. The sylour deir of the deise dayntely wes dent With the doughtyest in thair dais, dyntis couth dele. Gawaii and Gol. i. 6. Mr Pink, understands this as signifying door. But if fylour mean canopy, as he seems to reckon pro- bable, sylour deir is most likely, precious canopy. To DEIR. V. Dere. DEIS, Dess, Deas, J. 1. " The place at the head of a hall, where the floor was raised higher than the rest, and which was the honourable part. A canopy was frequently spread over it ; but it is not the canopy, but the elevated floor which is meant by dels." Pink. The lustie Queae scho sat in mid the deis ; Befoir hir stude the nobil wourthy King. Scrvit thai war of niony dy vers meis. A'. Hart, i. 53. Maitland Poems, p. 20. The Queue vt'as set at dcis, Under hir glorious stentit capitall, Amang proude tapettis and michty riall apparall. Doug. Virgil, 35. 20. According to Mr Ritson, both the elevation and the tanop)' were called indifferently by this name. Metr. Rom. Gl. vo. Deijs. 2. A long board, seat or bench erected against a wall. This, as Sibb. observes, is still called a detss, S. Scho gart graith wp a biird be the houss sid With carpettis cled, and honowryt with gret lycht. — . — About he blent on to the bm-d him bye. — Scho had him wp to Wallace by the dess. Wallace, ii. 279. 329. 341, MS. "Dess is here used as synon. witli burd. It is defined, *' a long wooden settle, settee, or sopha, such as is found in the kitchens of farm- houses;" Gl. Pop. Ball. In its auld Icrroch yet the deas remains, Whare the gudeman aft streeks him at his case, A warm and canny lean for weary banes O' lab'rers doil'd npo' the wintry leas. Fergiissou's Poems, ii. 58. " I remember having seen in the hall of the ruin- ed castle of Elan Stalker, in the district of Appin, DEL DEL an old oaken deas, which was so contriTed as to serve for a settee ; at meal-tiines the back was turned over, rested on the arms, and became a table ; and at ni!;ht the >eat was raised up, and displayed a com- modious bed for four ))ersons, two and two, feet to feet, to sleep in. I was told, that this kind of deas was formerly common in the halls of great houses, where such oeconomy, with respect to bed- room, was very necessary." Jamieson's Pop. Ball. N. i. '213, ^1 J. The deas^ in some farm-houses in Aberdeenshire, is still so constructed as to serve both for a settee, and for a table. 3. " A table," Gl. Pop. Ball. V. sense 2. 4. A pew in a church, S. B. The priest afore the altar stood. — The Mer-man he stept o'er ae deas^ And he has steppit over three. Jamieson's Pup. Ball. i. 211. " A pe:c in church, — in the Norih of Scotland, is still called a dcas." N. ibid. p. 21 J. Deh, dais, dees, O. E. sometimes denotes a table. Priore prandente ad niagilam mensam, tjuam Dais Tulgariter appellamus, l&c. M. Paris. Vit. 23. Abbat. p. 141. At other times it signilies an ele- Tated part of the floor in a hall. Wei semed eche of hem a fayre burgeis, To sitten in a gild halle, on the dels. Chaucer's Cant. T. Pro/, z^er. 372. Tyrwhitt thinks that the word has been formed from Fr. D' ais, Lat. t/c assibiis, of planks ; I'"r. ais signifying a plank or board, Chauc. N. ver. 372. Others derive it from Tent, iisck, mensa. Accord- ing to Kilian, ef/sck is mensa rotunda ; A. S. disc, Su.G. di^k, a table ; diskamaet, a table companion. This, as has been seen, was the sense affixed to dais ■when Matt. Paris wrote, in the thirteenth century. AVarton, however, adopts a dilfercut etymon. " There is," he says, " an old Fr. word dais, which sig- nifies a throne or canopy, usually placed over the head of the principal person at a magnilicent feast. Hence it was transferred to the table at which he eat." Hist. E. Poetry, i. 432. To DELASH, v. a. To discharge. " Against this ground, they delash their artillerie siclike, and they bring their argument out of the same wordes of the Apostle quhilk 1 haue read." Bruce's Scrm. on the Sacr. G. 3, b. Fr. deslach-er, " to discharge, as a gun or crosse- bow ;" Cotgr. To DELATE, v. a. To accuse ; a term fre- quently used in our laws, and courts of justice. " The Jews that persecuted him, they delate him not before Pilate for blasphemie. — Hee is deleated oi treason against the Emperour." Rollocke's Lect. on thf Fasfion, yt. 52. L. B. dclat-are, pro defcrrc. Gall, deferer, ac- cuser, denoncer. Du C'ange. Delator, s. An informer, an accuser, S. " It is manifest, that they were delators ef Christ to Pilate." Rollocke, ubi sup. V. the o. DELF, J-. 1. A pit. — He — drew me doun derne in dclf by ane dyke. Doug. Virgil, 239, b. 12. 2. A p;rave. That delj thai stoppyd hasfyly. IViinloii'ii, vi. 4. 39. It is previously denominated grafe. This man, that we of speik, had freinds thrie, And lulit tliem nochi in ane degric. The hrst freind, quhil he was laid in dclf, He luiit ay far better than himself. Priests Peblis, )). 37. i. e. " as long as he was in life ; or, " till he was buried." Rudd. has observed that del/ is still used S. to denote a place out of which green turves, (fail or divet) are delved or digged. It seems anciently to have denoted a grave, only in a secondary sense ; the primary one being the same with that of Belg. deh-c, dilve, a pit. A.^. bcdclf-an, however, as well as Teut. delv.en, signifies to inter, to bury ; Alem. bedolben, buried. 3. Crockery is vult^arly- called del/, V. Dally, and a pottery a delf-hovse, in allusion to the place from which this kind of ware had been origi- nally imported, Delft in Holland, which has undoubtedly received its name from Teut. delv- en, fodere, because of the constant digguig for the clay used in the manufacture of this article. DELIERET, Delirie, adj. Delirious. — Monie a ane has gotten a fricht, (An' liv'd an' di'd delieret,) On sic a night. Burns, iii. 131. It has been supposed, that the word delierit has been formed before the use of delirious. Fr. dc- lir-er, to dote, to rave. Some derive the Fr. v. from lira an old word denoting the furrows drawn in a straight line ; q. to deviate from the right course, a recto aberrare ; Diet. Trcv. To DELYVER, v. n. l. To deliberate. The Statis thare assemblyd hale, Delijverj/d, and gave hym for cownsale, - — Of fewte til gyve up all baud. fVijntoti-n, viii. 10. 76. 2. To determine, to resolve. He " perswadit the kyng to send ane garyson of army t men to the bordoure to resist the fury of Scot- tis and Pychtis, quhil kis war delyutrit (as he was cleirly informit) to reuenge the iuiuris done be his army." Bellend. Cron. B. viii. c. 12. " We determit with delyucrit mynd (sa far as may be done be in'gyne of man) to amend all of- fends." Ibid. c. 5. Thus we find the phrase, " weill auisit and deli- ueril," in our old acts. V. Plane. Lat. deliber-are, to resolve. DELIUER, adj. Light, agile. DeUver offute^ nimble, Barbour. — He had thar in his Icding Men, that lycht and delitter war, And lycht armouris had on thaim thar. Barbour, x. 61. MS. Dcliuer he was with drawin swerd in hand. Doug. Virgil, 2'J6. 49. Levis, Virg. Chauc. id. O. Fr. delivre, libre, degage ; Diet. Trev. Deliuerly, adv. Nimbly, cleverly. D E M Than buskyt he him, but delaying, And lapp oil horss Je/i/uir/if. Barbour, ix. 566, MS. — He — strak with spuris the stcdo in hy, And hi- Uh>» t furth iLlj/iiirli/. IbiJ. iii. 122. MS. To DELUGE, V. n. To dislodpe, to remove. In the l.i« Lmul I conic to siik nfiigc, And piirposit thair to inak my residence, Bot .singular ProdVit garf nic sone deluge. Lj^Hilsaj/'s ll^arkif, 1392. p. 255. Fr. di->/of.fr, ilelog.er, to remove, to shift. To DEMANE, Demaine, v. a. To treat; ge- nerally in a bad sense, to maltreat, S. B. Thus the inoilier of Eurialus laments over her sou killed in battle ; Sail I the sc dcmanit on sic wysc ? Doug. I'irgi/, 294. 1. The temporale stait (o ?ryp and gather, The son disheris wald the father, And as ane dyvour wald him ticmanc. Dunbar, Mait/and Poems, p. 116. V. also Barbour, v. 229. S. n. it is still said, that one is " deinaj/nl .with wect," when he is drenched with rain, or injured by the cITects of it. Uudd. derives this from Fr. demen-er, to toss ; Sibb. from Tcut. munk-en, mulilare. But I sus- jjcct that it is rather from 0. Fr. demain.cr, trai- tcr. 11 se prend surtout en mauvaise part. Voila comment fortune roc dcniaine. Marot, Diet. Trev. To DEM/^#1NE, Demean, ii. a. To punish by cutting off the hand. — '' The t'oreing of poor people by — exorbitant finings, imprisonments, — for the simple cause of non- conformity, to take arras in their own defence, as at Fentland, Bothwell-bridge, and then demeaning and executing them, what in Colds, aud what on sraflolds, as the most desperate traitors, &c." Ar. gyll's Declaration, A. lOS.'i. Crookshauk's Hist. Church of S. ii. 316. This word is evidently from Lat. de and manuf, or Fr. main, hand. Demaine occurs concerning fcllonie. Acts Ja. I. \A'l(i. r. 06; Murray. " Gif it be suddainelie done, demaine thcni as the Law frcatis of before." But here it seems equivalent to treat, as above. DEMANYT, part. pa. Demeaned. — Tliourht thai be weill f, r way ma Than lh.ii, yet euyr demanijt thaim sua, That Kdmound de C'ailow wes ded. Harbour, xv. 370. MS. DEMELLE, s. Engagement, rencounter, Rudd. Fr. demel.tr, to dispute, (o contest. Dcrueler un dillVrciid I'epec a la main ; Diet. Trev. Dr.MELLlT,/>d;7./ter, and the DemHer repeats the same to the paiinel." Louthian's Form of Process, p. 67. This office is difl'erent from that of executioner. But it has been customary for the town of Edin- burgh, in consequence of appointing one to the lat. ter ofiice, to furnish him with an extract of their deed, upon presenting which to the Court of Justi- ciary he was chosen Dempster. The iietition of I',. Hay sheweth, that " the of- fice of Dcmsfer of the Court of Justiciary being now vacant — and (he petitioner being now appointed by the town of Edinburgh their Executioner and Lock- man, as appears by the act of Council in his fa. vour, which two ollices are commonly conjoined, this application is made to their Lc.rdshi;is, that they may be pleased to appoint him also Dempster of Court." Act Court of Justiciary, lOtli March, 17GS. As the repetition of the sentence, after the judge, has been of late years discontinued, the office of Dcmpiier in the court is also laid aside. DEN A. S. dem-an, to judge; whence deme, dema, judex. DEMT, judged, doomed. Tharfor thai drawyn war ilkane, And hangyt, and hedyt tliarto ; As meu had dempt thaini for to do. Barbour, xix. 58. MS. V. Dempster. DEN, s. A hollow between hills, a dingle, S. V. Dean. DEN, s. 1. " A respectful title prefixed to names. It seems the same with O. Fr. dume, Lat. domimis, Hisp. don." Gl. Wynt. V. Dan. The Abbot of Abbyrbrothok than, Den Henry, than callyd a cuniiand man, Be eownsak' he wes chosyn tharo Of this charge to be berare. iVj/iitov>n, Tiii. 10. 92. 2. A dean, " tlie second dignitary in a diocese." Yet or e¥in enterit (hat biire oiFyce, Obeyand thir Bischoppis, and bydand thame by. Grit Ganaris on groii Henry was Dean of St. Andrews, as well as Abbot. To DEN, V. a. To dam, to shut up water. This fals traytouris men liad maid A litill [banii,] (juhar he herbryit had Schyr Eduuard and the Scottismen, The ischow oft' a louch to den ; And leyt it out in to the nycht. Barbour, xiv. 354. MS. This word seems to be a corr. as all the Northern languages use m. DENCE, adj. Danish. For Ingles prelates, Dutch and Dence, For their abuse are rutted out. Spec. Godly Ball. p. 16. From the Dan. term. Dans/ce, of or belonging to Denmark. Densman, t. a Dane. Ersch brybour Baird, vyle beggar with thy bratts, Ill.fart and dryit, as Densman on the Ratts, Lyke as the gledds had on thy gule snowt dynd. Dunbar, Evergreen, ii. 50. st. 1. This alludes to a barbarous mode of Dunishment used in several countries abroad. Dunbar had pro- bably seen it in Denmark or Norway. For he speaks of Eolus blaming him By Holland, Zetland, and the Northway coast. Ibid. p. 32. St. 6. Zeland certainly is meant. Kennedy refers to the same voyage, p. 67. st. 17. V. Ratts, Kennedy, in his reply, says ; It may be verrifeit thy wit is thin, Quhen thou wryts Densmen dryd upon the Ratts ; Denamen of Denmark are of the kings kin. Ibid. 66. St. 14. Kennedy would seem to have known that, in Scan, dinavia, Danneitnaen, sometimes daendesfolk, is a title of honour given to meu of a respectable cha- racter. For he seems to play on the term, as admitt> ins of a double sense. V. Dandie. D E P DENK, adj. l. Neat, trim, gay, S. dink. — Young lustie galhindis — I held mair in dawlie, and deirar be full mekill, Na him, that dn-ssit me sa dcnk Dunbar, Mailiand Poems, p. 58. V. Dinx. 2. Saucy, nice. Ane fayr blyth wyfe he had, of ony ane, Bot scho was sumthing dcnk, and dangerous. Dunbar, Ibid. p. 67. DENSAIXES, s.pl. " In 1643, a Mr Douglas, town-clerk of Elgyn, attests that — there were only ancht score — able bo- died men, tit for bearing arms in the town ; — and of these only fourscore could be furnished with mus- caths, pickes, guniiis, halberds, densaixes, or Loch- aber aixes." P. Elgyn, Morays. Statist. Ace. v. 16, N. Whether q. Dens aces i. e. Danish ; or as partly formed "from A. S. seux, Isl. sax. Germ, sucko, a short sword, is uncertain. The former is most pro- bable, as the weapons referred to are conjoined with halberls and Lochaber axes. DENT, Dint, s. Affection, regard, favourable opinion. 2o tjne dent of a person or thing, to lose the regard one formerly had for the object,, Ang. Wcr't na for it ihe bonny lasses Wou'd — soon tine dint o' a' the graces That aft conveen In gleefu' looks and bonny faces To catch our cin. Fergiisson's Poems, i'l. 40. I know not if this be allied to Isl. daeends, excel- lent. V. Dandie. DENT, part. pa. Indented. The sylour deir of the deise dayntcly wes dent. Gazi-an and Gol. i. 6. Fr. dente, id. from Lat. dens, a tooth. DENTILIOUN, s. Dandelion ; an herb. Sere downis smal on dentilioun sprang. Doiig. Virgil, 401. 14. Fr. dent de lyon, Lat. dens leonis. The word is still pronounced q. dentie-liun, S. DEPAYNTIT, Defeyntit, part. Painted. And in a retrete lytiil of compas, Depeyntit all with sighis wondir sad, — Fond I Venus vpon hir bed, that had A mantill cast ouer hir schuldris quhite. King's Quair, iii. 23. To DEPAIR, V, a. To destroy, to ruin. Your excellence maist peirles is sa knaw, Na wretchis word may depair your hie name. Palice of Honour, ii. 22. Mr Pink, renders it impair. But the term admits of a stronger sense; as being evidently derived from Fr. deper-ir, to perish, used actively. To DEPART, Depert, v. a. To divide, to se- parate. Hys men depertyt he in twa. Barbour, x. 40. MS. This chapiter tcllis, on quhat kyn wiis This tretis hale dcpartyd is. Wgntoion, Cron. i. 1. Ruhr. Here is the place, quhare our passage in haist Ss D E R Dcpcrlit is, and sched in strctis tuane. Doug. Virgil, 183. 7. It is also used as a n. r. —And sum depaitc in frcklis rede and quliytc. Ibid. 401. 6. It froqinMillv occurs in 0. T. This folt liuan armtdc anon, and baueres gonne rcre, And JtparlcJe here ost in twolf partves there. 11. Glvuc. p. 18. " The! schulen depart ) vol men fro the mjddil of just nu'ii." AViclif, Mat. xiii. Vt. drjifirl-ir, to divide, to distribute. To D£P£SCHE, Depische, v. a. To send a- waj, to dispatch. " For that caus thir oratouris war themor plesand- Uc dipischil of this ri-alino;" i. c. dispatched from this roalni. Iklliiid. Croii. Fol. 17. a. Fr. despcicli-cr, dcpculi.cr, id. q. from Lat. de and spalium, place, or spalior, to walk abroad, to travel. To DEPONE, -u. ft. To testify on oath, in a court whether civil or ecclesiastical, S. to de- pose, E. '• Marion Mcason deponed, that she heard her say, Common ihii-f, mony ill turn have 1 hindered thee from doing thir thrctty years; mony ships and boats has thou i)ut down : and when I would have halden the string to have saved one man, thou wald not." Trial for Witchcraft, Statist. Ace. xviii. 654. L. U. dcpon-ere testari ; Du Cange. To DEPRISE, V. a. To depreciate, to under- value. Now qiihill the King misknawis the vcritie, Be scho ressavit, tbon we will be deprj/sif. Ljjnd.at/, S. P. R. ii. 206. Fr. . gaird and salufatiounis, he inakis as thocht he war to require sum wechfie thing of the Kingis Grace." H. Charteris Pref. to Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592. A. ii. b. Fr. Dieu garde, " a salutation, or God save you ;" Cotgr. DEWGS, s. pi. Rags, shreds, shapings of cloth ; small pieces, S. " Speaking of the West of Scotland, after the in. surrection at Bothwel, he said, But gane onny of their friends be here, tell them if they stur again, they shall awe be cut in dcings." W. Laick's Answer to the Scots Presb. F^loquence, Part I. p. 52. 4to. Thus Europeans Indians rifle, And give them for their gowd some trifle; As deiegs of velvet, chips of crystal, A facon's bell, or baubee whistle. Ramsai/'s Poems, i. 332, I know not if this has any affinity to Teut. doecky cloth ; Isl. duck-ur, a rough cloth for covering a fable. To DEWYD, Dewoyd, -v. n. To divide. The grounden sper throuch his body schar, The shaflt to schonkit off the fruschand tre, Deieoydyde sons. Wallace, iii. 148. MS. To DEWYSS, Diurss, v. a. To divide. And the King, quhen his mengne wer Diwi/sit in till balaillis ser. His awyne bataiil ordanyt he. Barbour, xi. 171. Fr. devis.er, id. To DEWYSS, to talk. V. Devise. DEWYT, deafened, stunned. V. Deve. DEWOR, Dewory, s. Duty. The former is used by Barbour. Danerj/ occurs in Wall. MS. for dewory. The arrayt men, was in the cartis brochf, Raiss wp and weill thar daisery has wrocht; Apon the gait thai gert feill Sothroun de. B. ix. 728. V. Devore. DEW-PIECE, s. A piece of bre^d, which in former times used to be given to farm- servants, when they went out to their work early in the morning, S. B. " The girl was called for, and asked, if she had given him any hard bread ; No, says she, but when 1 was eating my due piece [apparently meant for dezi:.picce~\ this morning, something come and clicked it out of my hand." Sinclair's Satan's Invisible World, p. 48. This is evidently from dew, or perhaps da-iH, the dawn ; corresponding to O. Teut. dagh.moes, jenta- ciilum. DGUHARE. The Douglas in thai dayis, duchtye Dguhare, Arcliiliald the honorable in habitationis, Weddit that wlouk wicht, worthye of ware, With rent and wiili riches. Hotilate., ii. 19. In Iransciibiug, ul has been read as D, and 5 as g. D I C For the word in MS. undoubtedly is alquhare, q. r. thai is " cTirv wlitrf cilihrated for his prowess." DlBBER-DERRY,x. A confused debate, S.B. As «hoy arv at this dibbcr-deny thranj, And !{\db\ «iill complaining of her wrung, Jtan, H ha had scon her coming o'er the nieor, Supposing 't Nory, step? in at the door. Ross's Ihlcnore, p. 81. The only word that seems to have any aflinity is Germ, tub.eii, funiultuari, strepitum ct fragorem i-dore in'ilar furiosi ; Wachter. DIBLER, /. " The heir sail haue — anc dish, anc diblcr, ane charger, aiie cuippic." Burrow Lawcs, c. 125. ^ 3. Paiopsiden, Lat. Skinner justly views this as the same with 0. E. dobtltr, Lincoln, doubter, which hcexpl. as signify- inj; a large wooden piuiter; q. duplex patina, from double/ But it is evidently allied to Lovan. dobbe- licrkcn, id. scutella, acetabulum; Kilian. V. Dub- LAU. To DICE, V. a. But you. This blythsome sang we all had wanted now. Then Colin said, the carlinc maid it nicej But well 1 kent she cud it rif^htly dice. Aft tiuics unbid, she lilted it to mc. Ross's Ilelenore, p. 119. Properly, to sew a kind of waved pattern near the border of a garment ; but used more generally, S. B. To DICHT, Dycht, v. a. l. To prepare, to make ready, in a general sense ; part, dicht. Has thou altcmplit me with sic dissait, This bing of treis, thir altaris and fyris haite? Is this the thing thay half viito me dichi / Doug, i'irgil, 1'23. 52. Parabant, Virg. " Gif they [the fleshours] dkht, or prepair the flesh not will, they sail restore the skaith to the aw- ncr of the beast." Burrow L.iwes, c. 70. ^ 3. This gi'ueral sense was retained in O. E. The sent to seke many a scliip wiight To (he (oun of Sandwichc, the nauie for to dighl. R. Brunne, p. 41. A. S. dihl.an, Germ, dkht-eii, parare. 2. To array, to deck ; i. e. to make one's self ready for any purpose, by putting on proper apparel, S. He walkis, lo, so gloriously, With the rych spulye trinmphale derely dichf. Doug, f^irgil, 196. 42. In this sense the ▼. dight is retained in E. 3. To prepare food, to dress it. Byfor me sal the lady bright, Curtaisly my mete to di/ghf. i'tcainc, Ritson's M. Rom. i. '• A friend's dinner is soon disht ;" S. Kelly, p. 12. 4. lo polish, to remove inequalities from a siir- face ; i. e. to prepare any thing for its use, by dressing it properly. Thay had into thare handis wirkand fast, That Mw parte polist, burnist wele and di/eht. Doug. /■//»//, 237.' 30. I, a weak and fcckkss creature, 10. ProT. D I C Am moulded by a safter nature ; AVi' mason's chissel dighted nea.t, To gar me look baith clean and feat, Fergusson' s Poems, ii. 69. The act of smoothing a piece of wood by means of a plane, is called, " dichting a deal," S. In the same sense carpenters speak of dressing wood. Junius renders E. dight, polire. 5. To make clean, to wipe, to remove nasti- ness, S. Rub my horse belly, and his coots, And when I get them, dight my boots. Colvil's Mock Poem, P. I. p. 81. It is metaph. applied io the mind. Of Virtue it is said, that it — does the saul frae all disorder dicht, Beilcnd. Evergreen, i. 44. st. 27. A. S. diht-an also signifies componerc, to set ia order; Northumb. dceght, extergcre, mundare; Ray. Dight, to clean or dress, Gl. Grose. 6. To rub, in order to remove moisture, to dry by rubbing, S. Be than the auld Menet ouer schipburd slyde, — Syne swymniand held vnto the craggis hicht, Sat on the dry rolk, and himself gan dijcht. Doug. Virgil, 133. 30. A lass about him made an unco fike, Drying and dighting at him up and down. Ross's Helenorc, p. 43. I led him ben but ony pingle Dighted hh face, his bandies thow'd, Till his young cheeks like roses glow'd. Ramstiy's Poems, i. 145. 7. To sift, to separate from the chaff, S. Cumb. The cleanest corn that e'er was dight May hae some pyles o' caff in. Burns, iii. 113. V. Come. The lads the byres and stables muck, An' clean the corn is dightit. Rev. J. Nicol's Poems, i. 26. The full phrase is to dicht corn, q. to cleanse it^ by removing the chalT. 8. To treat, to handle ; used in the sense of mal- treating. Quha has, allace ! the martyry t sa and slane By sa cruell torinentis and hydduous pane ? How euer was ony sutt'erit the sa to dj/cht ? Doug. Virgil, 181. 33. V. also 28. 13. Cui fantum de te licuit ? Virg. 9. To handle, applied to the operation of the mind. A discourse is said to be weil dicht, when the subject is well handled, S. B. This sense is nearly allied to that of Belg. dicht~ en, Su.G. dickt-a, to compose, to make Terses. 10. To scourge, to exercise discipline ; I'll dight you, or gie you a dichting, i. e. I will chastise you, S. B. To dight one's doublet, to give one a sound drub- bing, to curry his hide. There Longoveil, that braTC and warlike knight, Nobly behav'd, and did their doublets dight. Hamilton's fVullace, ix. 241. It seems uncertain whether this is in oblique sense of the word, as signifying to deck, or to polish, the I D I F r. dress being used in the same way ; S. or more im- niediatelj' allied to sense 6. 11. To make an end of, to destroy. Bot now this dolorous wound sa has me di/cht, That al thing dyrainis and uiyrknys me about. Doiig. Virgil, 393. 10, Nunc Tulnus accrbum Conficit. Virg. This, howeTcr, may be only an ellipsis instead of the phrase, to dicht to dedc ; literally signifying, to prepare, or dispose for death. Ilys brothyr als, quhilk was a gentill knyclit, Othir gud men befor to dedc thai ^jjcht. Wtdlacc, iii. 244. MS. And by consent cry cok, thy dude is dicht. Doug. I'irgil, Prol. 350. 29. DiCHTiNGS, J. /»/. 1. Refuse, of whatever kind, S. B. For had my father sought the warld round, Till he the very dighlings o't had found. An odder hag cou'd not come in his way. Ross's Hcloiore, p. 35. 2. The refuse of corn, after sifting, given to horses or cattle, S. synon. shag. V. the v. senses 5. and 7. To DICT, -v. a. To dictate. V. DiTE. To DIDDLE, V. ti. l. " To act or move like a dwarf," S. Gl. Rams. Daddle., to walk un- steadily like a child ; Gl. Grose. A, Bor. How pleasant was't to see thee diddle And dance sac finely to his liddle. Ramsay's Poems, i. 235. 2. To shake, to jog. Hale be your heart, hale be your fiddle, Lang may your elbuck jink and Middle. Burns, iii. 375. Js). diidd-efi, segnipes esse ; G. Andr. It seems nearly s}non. with Toddle, q. v. DIE, s. A toy, a gewgaw, Loth, also wally- die. Isl. ty. arma, utensilia ; Su.G. fy-a, sufficere. DIET- BOOKE, s. A diary, a journal. " It [conscience] is a diet-bookc, wherein the sinnes of evcrie day are written, and for that cause to the wicked a mother of feare." Epistle of a Christian Brother, A. 1G24. p. 25. L. B. diaet-(i^ diet.a^ iter unius diei; diurnum spa. tiuir, Ojjera diurna ; Du Cange. DIFFER, s. A difference ; a low word, S. " There is a great differ araang market days." Ramsay, p. 70. " I affirme, that no such material points are in differ betwixt ts, in common, wherefore wee both may not, and ought not, embrace others inutuallie as brethren." Forbes's Rubulus, p. 94. DIFFICIL, adj. Difficult. " Forloune hes schauen hyr rycht aduerse CODtrar me, as is hyr vse to do to them that vndir- takkis dijjicil cntrepricis." Corapl. S. p. 23. Fr. dijjicile, Lat. d/Jicil-ts. DIFFAT, s. V. Divot. To DIFFOUND, -v. a. To diffuse. In euery part the hie wysdome deuyne D I L Diffvundit monys thys warldis hale ingyne. ^^^^, ^""S- ^'iigil, 190. 55. Lat. digand-ere. DIGNE, adj. Worthy. V. Ding. ' DIKE, Dyk, s. I. A wall, whether of turf or stone, S. " Tiie Gentlemen have begun to inclose with stone dykes or walls." P. Craig, Forfurs. Stat. Ace. ii. 498. " Murus ille lapidtus— accolisijue Anslis et Sr.tis AxcxiurGrimisdike.''' Ford. Scotichron. Introd. i).28. " Long e'er the De'el lye dead by the diKc sid. ;'• S. Prov. ; " spoken when we are told that some wicked person is like to die." Kelly, p. 2.i0. Teut. dijck, agger; Heb. pn, daek, antemurale. 2. Among coal-miners, a vein of whinstone, tra- versing the strata of coal ; often also called a trouble. " These dykes are sometimes observed upon the surface of the earth, from which they sink down to an unfathomable depth." P. Campsie, Stirlings. Statist. Ace. XV. 329. 3. A ditch; as in E. although now obsolete. Dede owr the rock in to the dyk he fell. Wallace, vi. 891. MS. A. S. die, Su.G. dike, Isl. diki, Gael, dig, id. These should perhaps be considered as different words. To Dyk, v. a. To inclose with ramparts or ditches. — With all mycht that he mycht get To the toune ane assege set ; And gert dyk thaim sa stalwartly, That quhill thaim likyt thar to ly, Thai suld fer owt the traister be. Barbour, xvii. 271. MS. Diker, Dyker, j-. a person whose employ- ment is to build inclosures of stone, generally without lime ; often called a diy-diker, S. " The dyker, as he is called, gets from L. 2 to L. 3 Sterling, and some times more, for 3 months in Summer." P. Tarland, Aberd. Statist. Ace. vi. 209. To DILL, V. a. To conceal ; Calland. A. S. P. Introd. p. 13. Isl. dyll-a, Su.G. doel-ja, ant. dylg-a, A. S. digel. an, occultare ; Alem. tougala, also, in dougli ; clam. To DILL, 1). a. My dulc in dern bot gif thow dill, Doutless bot dreid I de. Bannatyne Poems, p. 98. st. 1. The sense, according to Lord Hailes, is; " Un- less thou share my secrete woe." What has misled this learned writer, is the use of two words, bearing a resemblance, in st. 5. and 15. He views dill as equivalent to daill, deill, share. Makyne in- deed says ; Sen God sendis bute for baill, And for murning remeid, I dern with the ; bot gif 1 daill^ Dowbtles 1 am bot deid. But it is evident that here she in some degree paio. dies her former language, which was spoken in deri- sion. The sense given in the Everg. iVote, is there, fore nearer the mark; " to still, calm, or miti- gate." The term seems derived from A. S. dilg-tan, Teut. D I N AV^A-M, delere; or Isl. dill-a, lallo, nutricum more infaniibiis orrincro, to sing lullaby. To Dill Dowk, v. n. To subside, to cease, to die »way. " The noise of tlic Queen's voyage to France has MeJdoan; no money for her furniture will Iw t^ot ill hisfc ; and the Cardinal has no w ill of her mother." Baillic's Lett. i. 252. M. di/l.iait, latere. It seems, indeed, to have the same orii?in with Uii.l. DIL.\TOR, /. A delay ; an old forensic term. " The answer ho received from the town was a lc5, an' .\chillcs' hands, Gars him stiuk in the yerd. Poems ill (he linchun Ditdeel, p. 19. AtbroT perhaps from Tout, daglt.facrdy hi. dagfcrd, a day's journey ; in the same manner as dazcerk, S. daurk, darg, from Teut. dagh-merk, the work of a day ; Isl. dagsaei'k, dagsyrkiu, id. It must be observed, however, that Su.G. di/rt denotes any thing of importance, and dijrd, glory. DiRDUM, J-. Deed, atchievement, S. B. " A dirdum of that," a mighty feat indeed ! used ironically. A iliiten dirdum ye brag o' Done on the Trojan shore, Wi' mony ane to help you ; I Had just ane an' no more. Poems in tiie liuciian Dialect, p. 3t. This is merely a diroin. from dird. DiRDUM-DARDUM, J. A reduplicative term, used to denote one's contempt for an action which the agent seems to reckon of importance. lie cliesit a tlane as did aii'eir him ; The todor said, Dirdtim-dardum. Clir. Kirk, St. 8. DIRD, s. A stroke, a blow, a box, Aberd. — — lie had fa'on a swoon. His face got sic a dird upo' the ground, An awful hole was dung into his brow. Ross''s Helcnore, p. 15. Yet when he did o' slaughter voust, I len'd him sik a dird, f As laid him arselins on his back, To wamble o' the yerd. Poems in the Biichan Dialect, p. 9. But keep me frac your tiavell'd birds Wha never ancc ken'd Fortune's dirdf, And only ken to gnap at words. S/iirrcfs' Poems, 293. This seems to be a dilferent term from Dird, a deed ; probably allied to Fr. dourd-er, to beat, to thump. Sibb. without reason, views it as radically the same with Gird. DIRDUM, J-. 1. An uproar, a tumult, S. Than rais the mcikle dirdum and dcray ! The barinekin hirst, thai entcritin at large. King Hart. ii. 57. She Ilea rd a' the dirdum and squallin. Jumieson's Popular Hall. i. 299. Durdam, a great noise or stir, A. Bor. is evi- dently the same word ; Gl. Grose. C. B. doierd. sonitus, strepitus ; Davies. 2. Damage, disagreeable consequences of any ac- tion or event. " To dree the dirdum," to feel the fatal effects, or to do penance ; often to hear severe reprehension, S. E. 3. Passion, ill humom-, Perths. Gael, diardan, surliness, auger. DIRK, ^. A dagger. V. Durk. DIRK, Dyrk, adj. Dark, obscure. Throw a dyrk garth scho gydif him fitrth fast. fVulluce, i. 257. MS. Tliare stood ane dirk and jirofonnd caue fast by, Ane hidduous hole, depe gapand and grvsly. Doug. Virgil, 171. 23. A. S. deorc, id. To DIRK, V. n. Their llcetchin words o'er late he sees, He trudges hame, repines, and dies. Sic be their fa' wha.(/«/A thirbea D I R D Y lu blackest business nae thar ain. Fergusson''s Puenis, ii. 35. Perhaps, who as it were grope in the Jark to the inner [lart of tlie house, from eagerness to pry iuto secrets. To DiRKiN, V. n. Upon the ilidsumcr ewin, niirriest of tiirhtis, I muvit furth alane, qiihen as midnicht was past, — I drew in dernc to the dyke to dirkin effir niirthis. Dunbar, Maitland I'ocms, p. 41. " To hide myself in obfcuriti/, after a merry day;" Pink >i. It may signify, clandestinely to seek diversion, to do so, q. in the //«;•/.■, as corres. ponding to dcrnc which is conjoined, and to the preceding v. To DiRKiN, V. a. To darken. The dartis thik and llcaiul takillis glidis, As dois the schourc of siiaw, and with that flicht Dirktjnnyt the heuvnnys and the skvis lyclit. Doug. nrgil,'t'S6. 9. DiRKiT, pajt. adj. Darkened, obscured. The air was diikit with the fowlis. Dunbar, Uannatjjuc Poems, p. 22. st. 16. DiRKNESS, s. Darkness. To us be mirrors in your goTernancc ; And in our dirkness be lamps of seying. Dunbar, Maitlund Poems, p. 10ft. To DIRLE, V. a. To pierce, to penetrate, E. drill. Young Pirancc, tlie sone of crle Dragabald, Was dirlif with lufe of fair Meridiane. Bannatijne MS. Chron. S. P. iii. 236. Su.G. drill-a, perforare. To DIRLE, V. n. l. To tingle, to thrill, S. It denotes the pain felt in consequence of a smart stroke, or of extreme cold. " I'll gar your daup [doiip] dirlc." Kelly, p. 3 DO. Meg Wallet wi' her pinky een Gart Lawrie's heart strings dirlc. Rum says JVoris, i. 262. V. Birle, r, 2. To vibrate, to emit a tingling sound proceed- ing from a tremulous motion, S. ; as, H:; struck the table., till it aw dirled. To gie them music was his charge ; lie screw 'd the pipes and gart them skirl, Till roof and rafters a' did dirl. Burns, iii. 332. This may be radically the same with E. thrill. Both may perhaps be viewed as from A. S. thirl, ian, to pierce, to penetrate, used obliquely as de- noting a sensation like that arising from the act of piercing. Sibb. says, that A. S. thirl, foramen, is ''also used for tingling." But lean discover no proof of this. It seems preferable, however, to view our word as allied to Belg. triU-cn, to shiver. Hy trilde van koude, he shivered for cold ; Sw. darr-a, to tremble, to quiver ; darra af koeld, to shake with cold : dullr-a, to vibrate ; en straeng dallrar, a string vibrates, S. dirks. DiRL, s. 1. A slight tremulous stroke, S. 2. The pain occasioned by a stroke of this de- scription, S. 3. A tremulous motion, vibration, S. 'Twas but yestreen, nae farther gacn, I threw a noble throw at ane ; — It just play'd dirl on tlic bane, liut did nae ujair. Burns, iii. 45, A curious derivation is given of Dirlcton, the name of a Parish in E. Lotliian. " The village of Dirlelon is nearly in the middle of the parish, standing on a, rocky ground. — The rocks suuud and shake, as carriages pass along, which circumstance probably gave rise to the name; tlie Scottish word jf>«77 signifying trembling." Sfa. tlst. Ace. iii. 191. DiRi-iNG, s. A smarting pain of short duration, S. Suddanlie the pane vanist als clene Of his body, as thocht it had not bene Bot ane dir/inp-, or ane lilill stound. Doug, l-'irgil, 421, 49. V. the v. DIRT, s. Excreinent, S. The most common sense of this word confirms the derivation given by Johns, and Lye. of the term as used in K. from Belg. or rather Isl. drj/t, exert* mcnium. In O. E. it had the same sense as in S. Somner, vo. Turd, says; ilinc nostr. di/rt, i. ster. cus, sordes. Hence, DiRTiN, jixr/-^. adi. 1. Filthy in the sense of the s., S. 2. Mean, contemptible ; metaphor, used, S. " The eriis of Biicliquhan and VV'igton returnit ii» Scotland. Sonc eftir thair returnyng thai come with ane army to Berwick, and lay laiig at the sege thairof bot ony werkis worthy to haue memory. And thairfor this jurnay wes callit tlic dirtin raid. Bcllend. Cron. B. xvi. c. 19. V. Dikdum, 1. This is one of the most contemptuous epithets to be found in the language. Dirt-fear'd, adj. So much afraid as to lose the power of retention, S. The English all llee fast before them now. As does the l?ishop of St Andrews too, Who would not Wallace' coming (here abide, AV'as so dirt-fear' d, even for all Scotland wide. Humiltoun's fVallacc, B. x. p. 250. This coarse allusion is not j^eculiar to S. As Lsl. rass signifies cuius, russrngur is expl. nimio fimo- re perculsus, from rass and ragur, timidus. Sw. skit.redder is still more strongly analogous, from skita, stercus excernere, and raed-as timere. V. Vcrel. To DISAGYIS, DissAGYSE, v. a. To disguise. We nion turne our claithis, and change our stylis, And disagj/is us that na man ken us. — - Ye sail se me sonc dissagysit. Gl. Compl. vo. Disaguisit. Fr. disgtds-er. DYSCHOWYLL, adj. Undressed, unarrayed. Eftyr mydnycht in handis thai haitt" him taiie, Di/sehoie^U on sleip, with him na man bot ane. Wallace, xi. 1014. MS. Corr. from Fr. deshabille, id. DISCENSE, s. Descent, succession. The anciant Kyng Saturne thar mycht thou sc, — With vthir princis porturit in that place, From the begynniug of thare fyrst discense. Doug. I'irgil, 211. 26. ;• Lat. dcscenS'US, id. T t 2 D I S DISCREET, adj. " Civil or obliging." Sir John Sinclair's Observ. p. 100., S. •' Ex. He U a very diicri-cl (civil) man, it is true ; but his brother has more diicretion (civill- IV.)" IbiJ. Discretion. V. Discreet. ToDlSCRIUE, u. a. To describe. The battollis and the man I will discriue. Doug. Virgil, 13. 5. To DISCURE, 'J. a. To watch, to observe ac- curately. Ill the incne tyme of the nycht wachc the cure M'c gif ^Icsiapiis, the yetiis to disctire. Doug. Virgil, 280. 15. Fr. discotir-ir, to survey. Lat. cliicurr.cre. DiscouRROUR, J. A scout, a sentinel. The discotirruuris saw thaiiu cummand, AVilh baiivris to the wynd wawaiul. harbour, ix. 244. MS. DISEIS, Dysese, Dissese, s. 1. Uneasiness, want of ease. It is gud that we samyn ta Disuse or ese, or jiayne or play. Barbour, v. 73. MS. 2. Contention, state of warfare. Of this di'><-cse grot tretfis past To this Legate at the last. WynlOiCn, vii. 9. 169. Er. deiaisc, " a being ill at ease," Cotgr. To DISHAUNT, v. a. To leave any place or company. " The small respect carried to Bishops in these Asseinblics of the Church, made them dishaunt, and come no more into the same." Spotswood, p. 303. Fr. dcshant.er, id. To DISHERYS, -u. a. To disinherit. — For yon man that he has slayn, All Inglis men ar him agayn, And wald disherys him biythly. Barbour, ii. 103. MS. Fr. de'lieril.er, id. DiSHERTsowN, .f. The act of disinheriting. He — .slw this Ilarald in-to fycht That usurj^yd agayne all rycht The kynryk in diilierj/soicn Of lliainc, that siild wylh all resown Have had the crowno of herytage. fVj/iitoaii, vi. 20. 89. DISIIILAGO, s. The vulgar name of Tussila- po or Colt's-foot, S. Tussilago farfara, Linn. Some smoke the leaves, supposing that they are a specific in coughs, iic-c. DISHORT, DissiioRT, s. i. Displeasure, vexa- tion. So grew thair malice mair and mair ; (Jiihilk made h " Ditt your mouth with your meat," S. Prov. Kelly, p. 89 ; spoken to those at table who talk impertinently. When a's in, and the slap dit, Rise herd, and let the dog sit. Ramsaifs S. Prov. p. 77. A. S. dj/tt-an, occludere, obturarc ; whence ditten, morter, to stop up the oven, Northumb. To DITE, Dyte, Dict, -v. a. l. To endite, to compose in writing, S, To thaim he said, Ansucr ye sail nocht craifT, Be wryt or word, quhilk likis yowbest till haiff. In wryt, thai said, it war the liklyast ; Than Wallace thus began to dijt in hast. Wallace, vi. 377. MS. " His prayer flowed from his hart, and was diled be the right spirit." Bruce's Eleven Serm. C. 1. b. 2. To dictate to another as an amanuensis, S. " This satisfied the English so fully, that they went to the King, and told him, the sense of disgrace of so frivolous objections were di/ted by such men, to be proponed by them to the Scots." Baillie's Lett. i. 221. " That is strange, that [in] this great judicatory, nothing of all is dieted, but in a continued speech all spoken, and the clerks take what they can," Ibid, p. 266. D I \' .». To cliarge a man by a written accusation be- fore a court of justice, to indict. This Wolf I likiii unto a scliorcf stout, (jiilillk byis a forfalt at the kiiigis li.ind, And lirs with liim a cur^it assj is about, And iliilis all tin; pure men up of land. Ileiirt/sonc, Banna/j/nc Pocim, p. 113. st. 18. A\i: have a similar account of tlio dreadful per- Trrvion of power, in a poem supposed to be written duriiis; the rei^tn \\ to dictate how, or what one should write. It may have been tiaiis- ferrotl to rourls of law, because it was requisite that the iiidiilmciit should be iciidcn. It must be ac. kno»ledged, however, that (lorm. iliilit.cn, sif^nifies sententiam dicere, Uteris mandare, and A. S. dj/lit-uii, ronstiluere, Ueuson ; dihlc, jussum, Somn. DvTE, f. Writing, composition. I'oelry nowcl (|ulia wil red, Thare may thai fyud qiiliow lo proccde, — Anil spcciaiy, quha has delyte To trot a materc in fare dijtc. fVi/iiloicn, ix. Prol. 10. Btlg. dkhl, Sw. dkkl, id. DiTEMENT, /. Any thing endited or dictated by another ; applied to the Gospels by Sir W. More. — ^^ hich holy ditcnicii/s, as a mirrour nicete, Joynd with the prophesies in him complcof, Miijht serve his (glorious in)ai;e lo present, To suth as sought him with a |!ure intent. True Cniciji.rc, ]). 22. DiTTAY, Dyttay, /. Indictment, bill of ac- cusation ; a term much used in our old Laws, S. A gret dylliiij for Scollis thai ordand than ; lie the lawdayis in Duiule set ane Ayr. IVullucc, i. 274. MS. 'I'hon must not skarro upon thy soares to looke, I'o read thy ditfcij/ in that sacred booke; Vs thou by nature art from grace exil'd, \\ ilh uiisi-rie surcliargt, with siniie defyld. Morc's True Cnuijixc, \>. 134. I.at. dirt. urn., judicium, sivc senteutia arbitrorum ; \\. .Malmesb. ap. IJu Cange. Indirtamenlii, how- ever, is the «ord used in the L. 13. of our old Laws, and translated dilttii/. DI V, often used for do ; I div, I do ; / div na, I do not, S. DIVE, /. The putrid moisture, which issues from the mouth, nostrils, and sometimes froni the ears of a person after death, S. B. Hence, DlviE, adj. Having much dhc ; " a divie corb " S. B. ^' I have observed no similar word. But this may be from Isl. f/,y.«, („ die. In lUlg. this is called rrruw, renizcfcJ, doodscktii/m, the foam of one that a dying ; Sowel. D Y V To DIVERT, "J. n. To turn aside; hzi. dhertere. " In his wav, it is said, he diverted to York and Durham, and some other of the bishops." Baillic's Lett. i. 30. DIVET, DiFFAT, Devit, Divot, s. A thin flat turf, generally of an oblong form ; used for covering cottages, atid also for fuel, S. " That the saidis glebes bo designed with free- dome of foggage, pastourage, fewall. faill, diffat, loning, frie ischue and cntrie, and all ulliers privi. ledges and richtcs, according to use and woont of auld." Acts Ja. VI. 1593. c. 161. Devit, Ibid. 1609. c. 7. Skene, Murray. By the way, it may be observed that loning seems to denote the privilege of a free passage for cattle to and from pasture, as well as of a proper place for milking the cows. V. Loan. Sibb. derives divot from delve. It may have been formed, by the monkish writers of our old charters, from Lat. defod-ere, to dig in the earth. Obrien de- rives Lat. fod.io from Ir. fad, turf; although the etymon may be inverted. It had been an ancient custom in Scandinavia, to cover houses with turfs or divcts. For Su.C4. iorff- skjjrd is e\pl. by Ihre, Jus sectionis cacspitum, ad usum tectorum ; from torf, a turf, and skaera to cut. Lex. Su.G. vo. Ram act. DIUINE, s. a diviner, a soothsayer. O wclaway ! of spaymeu and diuinis The blynd myndis! — Doug. Virgil, 101.50. Fr. devin, id. from devin-er, divin-cr, to foretel. DYVOUR, s. A bankrupt. " Djjour, Dijvour, vtherwaies Bair-man, qulia be. ing involved and drowned in debtcs, and not able to pay or satisfic the same, for eschewing of prison and vther paines, makis cession and assignation of al his gudcs and geare, in favoures of his creditoures : and dois his devour and dewtie, to them, proclaimand him- selfe Bair-inaii, and indigent, and bccummand debt- bound to them of all that he hes." Skene, \'crb. Sign, in vo. He elsewhere says ; " — called Dyvour, because he docs his de.vorc to his creditours." Index Reg. Maj. vo. liuinnan. Fr. devoir, duty. As the bankrupt made his de- vorc, by swearing that he had " not in frie gudcs and geire, aboue the valour of (lue shillings and anc placic;" Quon. Attach, c. 7. ^ 3. The designation corresponds to the judicial sense of Fr. devoir, as de- noting " the act of submission, and acknowledge- ment of duty unto a landlord, expressed by the tenant's mouth, hands, and oath of fealty ;" Cotgr. Dyuourie, s. Declaration of bankruptcy. " Diverse shamefuU formes of dj/uouris ar used and observed : for sum. time the debtour naked sittis vpon ane cauld stane, in presence of the people. — Suratimcs his hinder partes, or hippcs, ar dashed to ane stane." Ibid. DIXIE, s. Sharp chiding, severe reprehension, S. a term probably formed from the self-im- portance of a pedagogue who, in former times when Lat. was spoken in schools, might confirm his decrees by the use of the term dixi, I have said it, as declaring that there could be no reply. DOC To DO, V. a. To avail ; Wallace, Iv. 437. V. Dow. To DO i/t-to, to bring into. Na thai consent wald be na ^'aj-, That oiiy Vugijs mannys sone In-to that honour sulci be tluiiCy Or succt'de to bere the crowu Of Scotland in successionc. tf'^ntozen, viii. 45. 146. To DO to JcJe, to kill. Ay as thai come J lion Watsone Kit thaim in, And ihun (o dedc with outyn noyis or din. IVaUuce, ?. 1042. MS. AVndyr that kyng Ilonry Saynt Thomas Done to dede, and martyryd was. JFi/iitozcn, Tii. 5. 162. The sam& phraseology occurs in O. E. — Jewes hated him and har.e done him fa death. P. Ploughman, Fol. 101. b. — For to do him to death day and night they casten. lliid. Fol'. 106. a. Sometimes the v. is used singly. As he was done the rode upon. Richard Cuettr de Lj/on. DO, s. pron. doe. A piece of bread, a luncheon, S. A. as being a school-word, formed perhaps from Lat. do, dare, 'to give ; or Fr. dot, a por- tion. DOACH, DoAGH, s. A wear or cruive. " But few of them [salmon] get above the works, termed Donchi, erected across the river, — excepting in very high Hoods." P. Tungland, Kirkcudb. Statist. Ace. ix. 320. " The number of salmon, — caught in the doaghs or cruives, is almost incredible. — The spars also, which are fixed across the river in those doaghx, to prcvt'nt (he fish from getting up, instead of being per- p>endicular, are placed horizontally." P. Kirkcud- bright. Statist. Ace. xi. 10. Gael, duingnach signifies a mound. DOCHT, pret. Could, availed, had ability. V. Dow, 1. DOCHTER, DoucnTYR, s. Daughter, S. " He repudiat his iiobil queue Agasia the kyng of Britouis dochtcr.^^ Bellend. Cron. Fol. 19. a. Duiihfer, II. Brunne, p. 95. A. S. dohlcr, Belg. docliler, Germ.tockter, id. It has been observed that Gr. CuyatDig is evidently allied. DocHTER-DocHTER, s. Grand daughter. Thai ordanyd message to send swue Oure the se in-til Norway, In-til Scotland to bring that ]\fay, — The douchtj/r douJityr of our Kyng Alysandyre of gud memorc. Wj/ntox?!, viii. 1. 80. Sw. doter doter, id. sone^ion, grandson. In the same simple manner are the various relations by blood expressed in this language. V. B/od/'r-Dochlcr. AVynfown iises sonc sone for grandson, viii. 3. 117. DOCHLY, adv. Dame Xature (he nobillcst nychit in ane, For to fcrni this fetheren. and doch/j/ hes done. Iloulate, iii. 20. MS., where to is found instead of 40 in edit. D O D DoMj/ may be a contr. of dochteli/, fiom A. S, dohtig, powerful ; or immediately from the v. dug. an, Teut. doogh-en, valere. DOCHTY, adj. Saucy, malapert, S. an oblique sense of E. doughty, q. affecting the airs of an illustrious person. To DOCK, V. a. To beat, to flog the hips, S. At first view this might seem formed from dock, s. q. v. But Teut. dock.en has the same meaning; dare puguos, ingerere verbera; Kilian. DOCK, DoK, J. i.Pode.x, S. Kennedy, Everg. ii. 74. Some call the Bi^liops weather-cocks. Who where their hcSds wore turn their docks. CchiVs Mock Pucm, p. 72. This is apparently an oblique use of dock, E. the stump of the tail.- 2. Stern of a ship ; as being the hinder part. " She bare many canons, six on every side, with three great bassils, two behind in her dock, and one before." Pitscottie, p. 107, 108. E. item is used in a similar way for the back part of any thing. DOCKEN, Doken, s. The generic name for the dock, an herb, S. " Yet these poorer sort that take them, must not feed on them, but on sorrel or docket)', when boiled together in Summer," Buchan's St Kilda, p. 25. Als like ye bene, as day is to the nycht, Or sek. cloth is unto fyne cremesye, Or doken to the fresche dayesye. King's Quair, iii. 36. Wad ye compare ye'r sell to me, A dovken till a tansie ? Rition's S. Songs, i. 182. All the larger species of ruinex receive this name, although sometimes with a prefix marking the distinc- tion ;. as bur-dokcn, the burdocU. smear-doken, S. B.. the common dock, so denominated because an oint- ment was anciently made of it ; from A. S. smeio, Belg. smaer, smeer, unguentum, and A. S. docca. DOCKER, s. Straggle, S. B. And mair than that, I reed our herds are ta'en, And it's sair born o' me that they are slain. For they great docker made, and tiiljied lang, Ere they wad yield and let the cattle gang. Rosa's Ilelenore, p. 29. Perhaps from Teut. dock-en. V. Dociv, v. DOCKUS, J-. Any thing very short, S. from E. dnck, to shorten, to cut short. DOCUS, s. A stupid fellow, S. Germ, docke, a puppet, one of the figures used ia a puppet-show. ' DOD, s. Pet, a slight fit of ill-humour ; often used in the pi. dods, S.. Gael, sdoid, id. 'DoDDY,adj. Pettish, S. G&el. sdodach, id. To DODD, V. n. To jog, to move by succusa- tion, Fife. Nearly allied to E. dodge, to shift place, which Johns, derives from dog. Perhaps the proper ori.. gin is Isl. dudd-ed, to be slow in motion ; segnipes esse : G. Andr. DODDY, DoDDiT, adj. I. Without homs^ S. D () Y lummll, synon. A. Bor. « doddcd shap, sheep without horns;" Gl. Grose. 2. Bald, wilhout h:ar, S. B. DoDDiE, s. A COW wanting horns, S. To DODGE, V. ft. " To jog, or trudge along ; Tout. dogg.c-n," Sibb. But Kthan has not this DOFART,Wy. Stupid. \.Di'rFAKT. D0C;DRIVE, Dog Drave,^. A state of ruin ; often used to denote bankruptcy, 'logo to lUmsay, it might seem to allude to somelhiiis fast lo the dog-kennel. DOG-HIP, /. The fruit or hep of the Dog-rose, S. Rosa canina, Linn. DOG-NASIIICKS, /. Something of the same kind witli the gall-nut, produced by an insect depositing its cva on the leaves of the Salix. re- pcns, or Trailing willow, S. B. DOG'S CAMOVYNE, Weak-scented fever- few, also Dog.go^van, S. B. Matricaria inodo- ra } Linn. DOG'S SILLER, Yellow rattle or Cock|s comb, S. Rhinanthus Crista galUi, Linn. This name is given to the seed vessels. DOG'S-TANSY, s. Potentilla anserina, or Sil- ver-weed, S. Doggis, s.pL Swivels, small artillery. " Mak reddy your cannons, -bersis, doggis, doi'bil bersis, hagbulis of crochc." — Compl. S. p. 64. Norm. Fr. da;;ge, a small gun. DOG-LATIN, s. " Barbarous Latin, or jargon," Rudd. vo. Leid. It is that which is commonly called macaronic. Lord Ilailef, speaking of Kennedy's Testament, savs; " The alternate lines are composed of shreds of the brexiary, mixed with what we call Dog. Latin, and the French, Latin dc cuisine.^'' Baun. V. Note, p. 2-13. The term is used in the same sense among the vulgar in !•'. V. Grose's Class. Diet. vo. Apo^ therarij'i Latin. This in Germ, is denominated kuchen-latein, which M'achter renders kitchen-latin, q. that used among rooks. This is opposed to A. S. boc-taeden, a term used by K. Alfred, in his Pnf. to the translation of lioelhius, lo denote Latin of a purer kind. Our word seems radically the same with E. doggrcl. DOGONIS, s.pl. Perhaps, admirers, suitors. Thir damisellis, for dome do) lit luf — Dogonis lialdis in dawtc, aud delis with thame sa lang, Quhill .ill the cuntrc knaw thair kyndncs of fay th. Diinliar, Maillniid Poems., p. 61. Most |>robabIy, as Mr Fink, coiijeeturrs, from the idi.\ o( following one as a dog, whence F.. (o dog. D O I To DOY'CE, V. a. To give a dull heavy stroke, Ang. Hence, DoYCE, s. 1. A dull heavy stroke, Aug. douss, a blow, S. . ,. „ r 1. 2. The flat sound caused by the fall of a heavy body, Ang. . This is evidently synon. with Dou.te, mentioned by Eailey, as signifying " to give one a slap on the ficc-" and with A. Bor. " doivse ; a doase on the chop's; a blow in the face;" CI. Grose Do^.t, Aberd. " a sudden fall attended with noise." Shirr. Gl. V. Duscn, i>. and*. DOID, v. imp. . _Fra thair sen tens he roycht noway is appeill. • On clerkis doid, gife this sentence be leill. Ucnrysone, Bannaiyne Poems, p. 111. Lord Hailcs seems to give the meaning rightly ; «« I leave the learned to determine, whether the arbi- ters justly repelled the declinator." More literally ; It is incumbent on djrks to determine, &c. but in the Gl. Lord ilailes renders this deed- Fr. il doit, anc. duibl, it becomes, from debvoir, devoir, to owe. DOIL, s. A piece of anything; as of bread, Ang. apparently the same with E. dok, which has been derived from A. S. dael-an, to deal, to divide. Our word bears more resemblance to Isl. deil-a, id. DOIL'D, DoiLT, adj. Stupid, confused, S. _ Doijl'd snail. Thy rousty ratrymes made but mater I could well follow, wald I sail, Or preasse to fish within thy water. Polzcart, IVutson's Coll. iii. 7. He hosts and he liirples the weary day lang ; lie's doijVt and he's dozin, liis bUule it is frozen. Ril.-on's S. Song, ii. 250. It's ten to anc I haena diet, Sac doilt, forfoughten, cald, and weet. Jamieson's Popular Bull. ii. 337. 2. " Crazed," S. Gl. Shirr. Doil is used in the AVest of E. in a cognate sense. " To tell doil; to talk as in a delirium, wildly, in- consistently ;" Gl. Grose. Dicullee, ibid, synon. in signification must have also had the same origin/- Dzculling, talking nonsense; Exmore. Su.G. Ja;a/-a, stupor; also, a trance, soj)or gravis , inter vitam et mortem ; ligga i dKulu, jacere in so- pore; Ihre. IMoesG. dti«/-a, afool, stultus, fatuus; Junius. Aththan saei quithilh. Dicala skulatmair- thith gaiainnan funins, Mat. v. 22. Whosoever shall say to his brother, Thou fool, &c. Junius suspects that daala had anciently denoted a wan wandering with an undetermined sort of gait, vago atque incerto passu oberrantem, as one igno- rant of liis way, or insane; Gotli. Gl. This nearly approaches to the idea we affix to doiVd. A. S. dole, fatuus, stultus, Is!, dicale, sopor ; liggia i dxala, so- pitus esse et serainecatus; G. Andr. p. 55. Dulegr, lazy, tori)id,- Su.G. daalig, mentis inops. Alem. diicl-en, A.S.dicul-ian, d::cl-ian, Bc]g. diaael-en ; dol-en, crrare. Mod. Sax. dioacl-en, ineptias agere. Belg. daiccl-en, to do a thing very unhandsomely, to fumble; dul, insanuSj dolhejd^ insania, dollicke, in- D O Y sane ; Jun. Etymol. S. dullit^ is used nearly In the same sense. V. Ondantit. " To look a-doifle, to squint; Glouc." (Gl. Grose), has probably originated from A. S. dieaeU an, errarc, as literally applied ; because the eyes of one who squints may be said to stray from each other. Ihre Tiews dicala, daalig, as derived from daa, deli- quium animi. V. Daw. DOYN, Done, Doon, Doons, Dunze, adj. Very, in a great degree ; a mark of the super- lative, S. In describing the horsemuscles found in some ri. vers in S. Bcllend. says ; " Thir mussillis ar sa doyn gleg of twiclie and heryng, that howbcit the voce be neuir sa small that is maid on the bra bcsyde thaim, or the stane be neuir sa small that is cassin in the waiter, thay douk haistelie atanis, and gangis to the ground, knawing Weill in quhat estimation and price the frute of thair wambe is to al peple." Descr. Alb. c. 12. Scnsus illis iani acute est ; Boeth. Dunbar, speaking of a benefice, for which he had long waited in vain, says, I wait [it] is for roe provydit ; Bot sa done tyrsum it is to byd it, It breiks my hairt, and bursts my brane. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. US. Mr Pink, has overlooked this word. It is some- times written doon. V. Worlin. If truth were planted in all place, Wherefore would men seek justice here ? Frae time the clerk once knew the caice. He was not thence so doons severe. P. Maiiij''s Truth^s Travels, Pennecuik's Poems, l'/15, p. ICHJ. Doon xaeil, or dunze tseil, very well, S. But it is most frequently used with a negative prefixed ; as. No that dunze strong, not very strong, or not remarkably healthy, S. Nae that dunze meiile, not very much, S. B. This word is much used by the vulgar ; and seems of great antiquity, as being most probably the same with Isl. daeends, which bears precisely the same sense. Daeends wael, excellently, due aaenn, very beautiful, exiinie formosus ; from daa, an old primitive, or particle, denoting any thing good, worthy, or excellent. V. G. Andr. p. 44. Ihre, vo. Dunneman. V. Dandie. The only passage, that I have met with, in which this term seems to occur in O. E. is one in P. Ploughman. And when I se it was so, sleaping I went To warue Pilatus wife, what done man was Jesus, Fcu- Jencs hated him and haiu; done him to death. I wold liauclengthed his lyfe, for I leued if he dyed Th^t his soulde shuld suffre no synne in his syght. Fol. 101, b. This docs not seem to be an error of the press ; as the same word occurs both in the first, and in th^e se- cond edition. 1 can scarcely think that it is used in the same sense, as in the line following ; as if it de- noted one of whose preservation there was no hope. It seems most naturally to signify, excellent, surpas- sing ; corresponding to the sense of Su.G. danne- man. doadsinan. D O I DoONLlNS, adv. Idem. Ye're no that doonUns ill; You are not very bad, or, you do not ail much, S. B. Formed by the addition of the termination Lin^ gis, q. V. DOISTER, DysTAR, s. A storm from the sea; as contradistinguished from hau-gul/, which de- notes a breeze from the sea during summer. This word is used by the fishermen in Ang. It seems doubtful, whether it be allied to Su.G. dys. ler, Belg. duister. Germ, duster, A. S. ihyster, ob- scurus. In its signification it has greater affinity to Isl. thustar, aer incipit inclemens lieri, a verb used with respect to winter. G. Andr. refers to thiostr, indignation, as its root. DOIT, s. A small copper coin, formerly current in Scotland ; said to have been equal to one penny Scots ; or half a bodle. The famous Hector did na care A doit for a* your dird. Poems in the Btickan Dialect, p. IS- No north a doit, a phrase used to signify that one is in a state of poverty ; or that he has no coin, even of the lowest kind in his pocket ; S. McXg. duyt, half a farthing. Doitkyns is a kind of money prohibited by a statute of Henry V. of England ; Speliu. vo. Galihalpens. To DOYTT, v.n. i. To dote. Quhair hes thow bene, fals ladrounc lown ? Doyttand, and drunkand, in the town ? Lyndsay, Pink. S. P. R, ii. 8. q. stupefying thyself with drink. 2. To move as signifying stupidity, S. Hughoe he cam doytin by, Wi' glowrin een, an' lifted ban's, Poor Hughoe like a statue Stan's. Burns, iii. 77. DoiTiT, DoYTiT, DoTiT,/>a7t. ad;. Stupid, con- fvLsed, S., doird, synon. Full doitit was his heid, Quhan lie was heriet out of hand, to hee up my honour. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 58. V. Daver. This is evidently an old part. pa. Belg. dot-en, delirare, dat, delirium. Dan. doede, stupid ; Isl. dodc, stupor, dod-ia. to stupify, dodinn, daudi, stu. pid, dod-na, to become stupid, to grow imbecill. To the same source are we to trace E. dote. Doitit, indeed, often denotes that dotage which proceeds from age. Doit, s. A fool, a stupid creature, a numskull, S. This might seem originally the same with E. dolt, so nearly allied in signification, which Seren. and Jun. derive from A. S. dol, fatuus. But it appears to claim a different origin. V. Dote and Doitit. Doit, s. A disease, most probably stupor. Thay bad that Baich suld not be but — The Doit, and the Dismal, inditt'erently delt. IVatson's Coll. iii. 14. V. FtTK. DoiTTRiE, s. Stupidity, dotage, S» Is it not doilirie hes yon drevin, Uaiknayis to seik for haist to heaven? Philot. Pink. S, P. R. iii. S9. [J a D O I. UoiTRlFlED, part. pa. Stupified ; used to denote the eflccts ot skcp, intoxicating liquor, or any tiling else that causes stupefaction. Doitn- fieJ vjitb sliCp., — with drink,'' &.c. S. Thi-^ il'jcs not apiuMf to have been a writlen word. It ••oenii rather uf inudirti date, and is formed In an aDiiiiiahtus manner, by the addition of a Lat. vcrh. V. Uomui, Dor i.iii. D( >K. V. Dock. DUKEN, /. The docic, an herb, S. V. DoCKE.v. DOLi-:, /. " A doxy," Gl. ShiiT. perhaps E. rt'oi//, used in a peculiar sense. On this word iK'ren. refers to Goth, daull, doel, a certain nymph mentioned in the Edda. V. G. Andr. p. 4<3. DOLENT, adj. Mournful, dismal. (jiihi-n he had roun^, as tliou may heir. The spaci- of thrc iv fourtic ycir : Ui-lni; ill his excellent j;lc>ir, The d Unl Deilh did him dciioir. Lyndsaif'i fVarkis, 1592, p. 79. f,at. dol-eo, dolens. DOLE.SS, DowLESS, ad/. Without action, desti- tute of exertion, S. Doingkss is sometimes used in the same sense. Sw. d'ia;•^ Buried. Deid is now that divyrand dnllijnc in erde. Dunbar, Muilliiinl Poems, p. 59. F.videntlv softened from dulvcn, or dolvi/ne, as in Prompt. Parv. the part. pa. of dt!f. A. S. bedelj'-en, be.dolfeii, buried, from be-delf-un, scpelire. Tcut. di'lv-en, dolv-e>u inhuniarc, humo tcgere, sepelire ; Kilian. DOLPE, s. The cavity of the head where the eye is fixed,'' Rudd. Of his E dolpe the flowand blude and atir'' lie woschc away all with the salt watir. Doug. Virgil, 90. 45. Rudd. views this as the same with S. doap. But this is very doubtful. Dolpe perhaps is merely the dctp iilace, or hollow, of the eye ^ analogous to the Sw. phrase, diupa oegvn, hollow eyes. DOME, s. Judgment formed concerning any thing. To my dome, he said in his dy ling, For to be yong I wald not for my wis. Pink. S. P. Rrpr. iii. 128. Chaucer, id. A, S. Dan. dom, Alem. dunm, O. Bcig. docm, id. from Moes.G. dom-jan, Isl. duem-rt, .\lem. dttom.cn, Dan. domm-cr, BL-lg.doem.eii, A.S. dcm-an, to judge. DOMINIE, s. 1. A vulgar designation for a pedagogue, pr schoolmaster, S. Then, Dominies, I you beseech. Keep very far from Bacchus' reach ; He drowned all my cares to preach With his malt-bree. Forhes's Dominic Deposed, p. 29. " There is muckle to do when Dominies ride." S. Prov. '• for such are not well provided for riding, nor expert at it." Kelly, p. 315. The last idea is not included. The proverb expresses the great bustle made in preparing for a business that people are not aceustomcd to. Kelly thus explains the term in a note ; " Pedagogues, students at the uni- versity." 2. Sometimes used as a contemptuous name for a minister, S. Ministers' stipends are uncertain rents For ladies conjunct-fee, laddie : When books and gowns are all cried down, No Dominies for me, laddie. Ritson's S. Songs, i. 179. It seems to have had its origin, as applied to a schoolmaster, from the circumstance of his being ad- dressed by his pupils, to whom he taught Latin, by the title Dominc, Sir. We learn from Du Cange, that a Bishop, an Abbot, or even a Canon, was commonly designed Dominus in ancient times. DON, J. A favourite, an intimate friend, S., per- haps from Hisp. Do7i, a title of honour j q. one held in high estimation. tD O N DONGYN, DouNGiN,/)a/7./ifl. oi Ding. DONIE, s. A hare, Ang. It is probable that this word has either original- ly signihcd a deer, or been formed from A. S. don, a young doe, (daroula. Lye) to which a hare might be compared for its swiftness. DONK, adj. Damp, moist, E. dcini. The dolly dikis war al donk and wafc. Doug, f'irgil, 201. 1. Su.G. dunk-en., id. mucidus ; Belg. (unci-eti, to steep, io soften by steeping ; Su.G. dak, terra uli- ginosa, Isl. dock, parva fovea. DoMK, s. Moisture; or perhaps mouldiness; pi. donkts. Bedowin in donkis depe was euery sike, Doug. Virgil, 201. 10. DONNARD, Donner'd, adj. In a state of gross stupor, S. This word is more emphatic than doit it. " Daflfin and want of wit makes auld wives don- tiard;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 2'2. — Worthy Bristle, not sac donner'd. Preserves this bonnet, and is honour'd. Rainfiij/.t Poems, ii. 546. Either from Germ, donncr-n, to tluuidcr, q. stu. pificd with noise, like bcitundcrt ; or perhaps rather from Su.G. datm-a, animo alienari, or dofn-a, stu- pcre, dufisen, Isl. do/in, stujiidus ; to which we may stippose Su.G. /irt, indoles, added as a termi. nation, q. of a stupid nature, or liabilualiy stupid. A. I5or. dunnt/ deaf, and dunt stupiQcd, are pro- bably allied. V. Daw.. DONSIE, DoNCiE, adj. 1. Affectedly neat and trim, implying the idea of self-importance ; frequently applied to one small in size, S. She gae'd as fait as a new preen, And kept her housie snod and been; Her pewther glanc'd upo' your ecu Like siller plate : She was a dcnsie wife and clean Without debate. Raiasaj/'s Poems, i. 2?8. 2. Used obliquely to signify pettish, testy, S. 3. Restive, unmanageable ; as applied to a horse, S. The' ye was tricky, slee, an' funnie, Yc ne'er was donsie ; But haraely, tawie, quiet, an' canuie. An' unco sonsie. Burns, iii. 141. 4. " Unlucky", applied to moral conduct. I, for their thoughtless, careless sakes, Would here propose defences. Their donsie tricks, their black mistakes, Their failings and mischances. Burns, iii. 141. 5. Sometimes used, but I suspect improperly, in the sense of " dull and dreary," Gl. Ramsay. Has thou with Rosecrucians wandert. Or thro' some doncie desart dandert ? That with thy magic, town and landart, — Man a' come truckle to thy standart Of poetrie. IJamiUon, Rutn/cii/'s Poems, ii, 334. D O O Donch, dainty, over-nice in eating, Gl. Grose, seems originally the same. " Better rough and sonsie, than b'are and donsie;" S. Prov. Kelly improperly explaius it, " poo'r, mean, despicable;" N. He gives the meaning of the Prov. however, tolerably well : " Better a plen- tiful condition, though not so ntat and nice, than too much cleanliness, with penury ;" p. 68. The only probable origin I have observed, is Germ, duns-en, to swell, elevari, turgere, intu- mescere, Wachter ; a frequentative from dun.en, id. which he views as a very ancient v., giving birth to dun, a liill, dun-en, feathers quae depressae rcsur- gunt et elevantur. Bdg. domig, downy. DONT, DouNT, s. A stroke. V. Dunt. DONTIBOURS, Dountibouris, s.pL " The auld Dontibours, and uthers that long had served in the court, and hes no remissioun of sinnes, bot by vertew of the Mess, cryed, They wald to France without delay, they could not live without the Mess. The same afiirmed the Quenes Uncles." Knox, p. 284. — " in the palace of Hulyrudehous wer left cer- tane Dontibours, and uthers of the French menzie, quho raised up thair Mess, more publictly then they hiul done at any tyme befoir. — The Priest and the French Dames being afrayed, maid (he schout to be sent to the tonn. And Madame Baylie, Maistres to the Qucnis Dountibouris, (for A'laides that court could not then wcill beir) posted ane with all dili- gence to the Comptroller." Ibid. p. 335. Dunti- bcris, Lond. Ed. p. 363. Donfj/bouris, MS. I. The only conjecture I can form as to this word is, that if it have not a worse meaning, it denotes pensioners, from Fr. and bourse, a purse, Queen's purse. I suspect, however, that the term, especially as opposed to Maides, rather signifus that these were D«'/ic.s of easy virtue. Duntij, wh^ch is probably contr. from the other, still bears this meaning. Thus bourse might admit of a metaph. sense, to be found in Diet. Trev, Lyndsay seems to use it in some such signitication. Fair weill, ye get na mair of me. Quod Lyndesay in contempt of syde taillis, That duddrouuis and dountibouris throw the dubbis traillis. Lyndsaii's Warkis^ 1592. p. 311. DOOCK, Duck, s. A kind of strong coarse cloth, manufactitred in the coast towns of Ang. One kind of it is called sail-doock, as being used for sails. Pron. doo£k. " The women in particular, spin a great deal of lint into coarse yarn for the duck or sail-cloth fac- tory." P. Menmuir, Forfars. Statist. Ace. v. 154. Tcut. doeck, panuus, linteum, Kllian ; Dan. dung, Su.G. duk, Germ, tuck, id. fadenig iuch, coarse cloth; Su.G. scgel-duk, sail-cloth, canvas; Isl. duk-r, panniis lintcaris. To DOODLE, -J. a. To dandle, S. B. It denotes the motion given to an infant, when it is tossed u^p and down in one's arms ; hobble; houd, synon. Fr. dodin-er, dodelin-er, Ital. dondolurcy, Belg, doudt/n-cn, id. U u 2 domter, donter, to subdue, q. those who emptied the DOR DOOF, s. A Ml stupid fellow. V. Dowr. DOOK, /. A peg, a small bit of wood driven into a lime wall, for holdiii!; a nail, S. Bi'l<. deuvif, a stopple or plug. DOOL, s. The goal in a game. V. DuLE. DOOL, s. To thok the dooL, to bear the punish- ment, or evil consequences of any tiling, Ang. A. S. dvl;, al.-^o doll , a wound, is the only word of Cloth. oiT-iii that seems to have any atfinity. H. dole, griff, radically the same, which Johns, de- rives from Lat. dolor, is more immediatelv allied to Fr. deuil, id. DooL.LiKE, adj. Ha\ inj; the appearance of sorrow. " Tears of poor and friendless Zion, now going doot.likc in sackclmh, are up in heaven before our Lord." Rutherford's Lett. V. i. ep. 63. V. Dkule Wr.v.ns. DOOLIE, s. 1. A hobgoblin, a spectre, S. B. C. A scarecrow, a bugbear. ^^ potatoe-doolte, a scarecrow erected to frijjliten the crows from rooting up tlie potatoes in the field, S. B. The precise origin seems uncertain. Hut there is a variety of similar terms in other languages. A. S. dcoiil, diabolus, dzci'ld, spectra, Chron. Sax. A. llTi. Isl. diKitiiDi, a pigmy, Edda Sacmund. p. 377. lola dollar, Satyra, sen spectra, tunc tcui- I'oris (during Vule) visu crebra, q. Yule doolies; dootg, uiililia, G. Andr. p. 60. 134. DOO.M.'STER, s. A judge, one who pronounces doom. " The law shall never be my doomstcr, by Christ's Rracc." lluiherford'b Lett. P. i. ep. 195. V. DrMSTM!. DOOR, s. The durk and door made their last hour, .\nd prov'J their final fa' man. RiUotCs S. Poems, ii. 45. DOOZIL, ,f. 1. A term used to denote an un- comely woman, S. B. C. .'\ lusty child, S. B. \A. duxill, servus, scrvulus, G. Andr. Di3RDERME.\T, s. A bmmock or cake given to farm -servants, after loosing the plough, be- tween dinner and supper, Ang. Aicording to some, this word, in former times, M^nllicd a certain quantity of meal allowed tu reap. crs tor breakfast. This is reckoned a very ancient word, and there seems to be good reason to think so. It has un. questionably a near afTiuity to Sii.G. dugiscrd, pro- perly breakfast, but used to denote any meal, from t/of . day, and tcurd, food, because this food is taken at tlic entrance of the day. Maal, a meal, or some similar word, is understood. It is sometimes ex. pressed ; as dogoerdar malt, Ihrc, vo. Dag. This in S. would be (he durder meal. For the word is only changi-d, as dagxcrk, the work or task of a day, into davxrk, dark, darg. Isl. dagvtrdur denotes dinnir, da|)es prandii, as uattverd.ur is supper; G. Andr. p. ?53. DORECHEEK, s. The door-post, S. DOR DORESTANE, t. Threshold ; q. stone of the door, S. V. Dor. DOREN. Wallace, thai said, the King desiris that ye Dorcn battaill sa cruell be to se. And charges yow to fecht on his lyoun. IVallacc, xi. 2?4. MS. This most probably signifies ^dare, from A. S. duff. an, ditrr-an, audere ; especially as this questioa follows, V. '232. Wallace, dar ye go fecht on our lioun ? In Kdit. 1048, however, it is dirciii/c battcll. DORLACH, X. A bundle, apparently that kind of truss, formerly worn by our Highland troops instead of a knapsack. " Those of the Knglish that came to visit our camp, did gaze much with admiration njjon these supple fellows [the Highlanders] with their plaids, targes and dorlachs." Baillie's Lett. i. 175. Gm:\. dor/uch, a bundle. It is ex])!., in the Gl., " dagger or short sword." DORNICK, s. [of Deornick in Flanders,] " A species of linen cloth used in Scotland for the table," Johnson. It is properly linen cloth, having certain figures raised in the weaving, diaper. This term has been supposed to denote damask, as Mr i'ink. iucliaes to view it in Gl. Biit damask isdiftercut; being al. w ays of finer yarn, and wrought in a diilereat man- uor, S. lie fand his chalmer weill arrayit AVidi doniilc work on buird displayit. Lijndsai)'s Sqiiijcr Meldrttm, 1594, B. vi, b. It is probable tli.it tills stuff, although originally manufactured at Tournay, was immediately imjiort. ed from Holland, where Tournay is called Dornic''\ (Kilian. Nomenclat.); whence the cloth had rcceiviu this name. The term donicck, however, was for- merly used in E. ; for cloth wrought at Norwich. '' No person — shall make or weaue dorneclcs, or exercise the misteries of weauing of dornccks, & coucrleltes, or an) of them, within the sayde citie of Norwich,— oules he be licensed — by the Maionr," *cc. A. 15. Eliz. c. 24. Rastell. DORT, s. Pet, sullen humour, more com- monly in pi. dorts. For Scotland else has ta'en the dort, — And gin it pass, she'll, in a short Raise a sad steer. Shirrefi' Poems, p. 216. " To take the dorts, to be in a pet, or discontented humour," S. Rudd. 1 hope ye gard the lady iak the dorts. For sic rough courting I hae never seen. — Ross's Helcnorc, p. 38. Teut. Su.G. trots, irritamen, provocatio. I am not certain, however, that the term may not have originated from the third pers. sing, of the Fr. v. dorinir, which, as figurativelyand proverbially used, seems to have some aflinity. Thus it is said, Qu'il n'y a point de pirc eau que celle qui dort, pour dire qu'il taut se defier de ces gens inornes et (aci- tunics, qui aongent ordinairemcnt a faire du mal en Irahison. Diet. T'rcv. Thus, one who, from a sul- DOS len humour, affected to sleep, might be said to lak the dorts. V. Dortv. To DoRT, V. n. To become pettish ; a v, rarely, but occasionally used, S. They maun be toyed -nV and sported. Or else ye're sure to find them darted. Shirrefs'' PocmSf p. 333. It occurs in part. pa. Bnt yet he coudiia gain her heart, She was sae vera dortit An' shy that night. Rev. J. Nicol's Poems, i. 151. DoRTy, adj. 1. Pettish, apt to be sullen, S. " Dorty, pettish, humoursonie." Sir J. Sin- clair's Observ. p. 101. 2. Saucy, malapert, S. 3. Often applied to a young woman who is saucy in her conduct to her suitors, and not easily pleased in the choice of a husband, S. " The dortji dame may fa' in the dirt ;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 65. Daft are your dreams, as daftly wad ye hide Your well-seen love, and dorty Jenny's pride. Ramsay s Poems, ii. 68. 4. Applied to plants, when they are so deli- cate as not to grow but in certain soils or exposures. ^ very dorty flower, one that cannot be reared without great care and trou- ble, S. B. Sibb. detives it from " Tcut. trofsigh, tortigh, contumelious, arrogant; trots-en, tort-en, to pro- Toke." The sense Kilian gives of trotsigh is nearly allied to our term, fastosus. As irots.en signifies irritare, minari, undoubtedly O. Teut. drot-en is ra- dically the same, being rendered, minari. Su.G. irols-a. Germ. trot~-en, provocarc, Isl. fratz-a, ob- Elinax esse. Gael, dorrdd, austere, unpleasant, socms to be a cognate term ; as well as dorrcilightc, irreconcileable, and dormrfha, peevish. DoRTTNEs, s. " Pride, haughtiness, arrogance," Rudd. The dorfi/nes of Achilles ofspring In bondage vnder the proude Pirrus ying. By force sustenyt thraldome mony ane day. Doug. Virgil, 78. 49. DOROTY, s. 1. A doll, a puppet. " A danc- ing Doroty," S. 2, A female of a very small size, S. From the E. name Dorothij. DOSK, adj. Dark coloured, E. dusk. The grund stude barrane, widderit, desk and gray, Herbis, flouris and gerssis wallowit away. Doug. Virgil, 201. 13. I see no term more nearly allied than Belg. duys- ier. Germ, duster, obscurus, derived from Celt. f/«, nig redo. DOSS, adj. Neat, spruce, Clydes. Belg. dos, array, clothing ; Ilif is braaj in den dos, he wears a tine suit of clothes ; doss.en, to clothe ; Sewel. Teut. dos, vestis pellicea, vcstimen. turn duplex ; doss.en, munire vestibus suflultis, Kilian. Perhaps doss is radically the same with Tosh, q. v. POT Dost up, part. pa. Decked, dressed sprucely. It is used ludicrously by Kennedy. Sic revel gars thee be"servt with cauld roast, And aft sit suppcrless beyond the se, Cryand at doris, Curitas amore Dei, Breikles, barefute, and all in duds up dosf. Rcdsqvair, Evergreen, ii. 67. st. 17, The second line in Edin. edit. 1308, is. And sit unsoupit oft, &c. This shews that the v. was formerly used, S. DOSS, /. A box or pouch for holding tobacco, Aberd. His stick aneath his oxter ristet, As frae the doss the chew he twisfet. Shirrefs' Poems, p. 238. Come, lad, lug out your doss, an' gie's a chaw. Mo7-ison's Poems, p. 183. Isl. dos, Germ, dose, Su.G. dosa, a box ; snus. dosa, pyxis in quo condita servatur herba Nicotiana, in pulverem redacta, asnufl' box, q.a,sneecftin doss, S. To Doss, DossiE DOWN, V. a. To pay, S. ; a low term, perhaps from doss, a box, as being the place where money was kept. Weel does he loc the lawcn coin, Whan dossted doisn. — Fergusson''s Poems, ii. 42. DOTAT, />«r/. />«. Endowed. " The nobylis set ane counsal, and fand the said Galdus baith rychtuous ayre to the crown, and ane maist excellent person dotat with sindry virtewis and hie prerogatiuis." Bcllcnd. Cron. Fol. 43, b. Lat. dotat-us. DOTE, J. 1. A dotard. Thou hast y-tint thi pride. Thou dote : With thine harp, thou wonne hir that tide, Thou tint hir with mi rote. Hir Triifrcm, p. 109. 2. A state of stupor. " Thus after as in a dote he hath tottered some space about, at last heefalleth downc to dust." Z. Boyd's Last Batttll, p. 529. V. Dure. DOTED, part. pa. Given in the way of dona- tion. Acts Ja. VI. Lat. dos, dot-is, a gift. DOTIT. V. DoiTiT. DOTHER, s. Daughter, Ang. And as soon as the day was up and clear, Baith aunt and dolher sought her far and near. Ross's Helenorc, p. 72. 73. Su.G. doter, Isl. dotter, id. To DOTTAR, V. n. To become stupid. It is used to denote that stupor which seizes the senses, when one is about to sleep. In brief ther, with grief ther I dottard owre on sleip. Evergreen, i. 213. st. 3. V. Doitit. DOTTLE, s. A small particle, a dimin. from E. dot. DOTTLE, adj. In a state of dotage, S. This in general has the same origin with the E. v. dote. V. DuTT. But it is immediately allied to D O U TfOf. "cr.dottell, delirus, repucrasccns, nifntioncd by Juii. Ktyni. vo. Dole. lioUBLE, /. A duplicate, S. O. E. id. used in a L-.iW sense, Phillips. •' lie put in Ihf Marquis's hand a double oHhc late proclamation from F.ngland." Uaillie's Lett. i. 174. To Double, t. a. To copy, to take a dupli- cate of. »' Some of the advertisement I haTC caused double." Baillie's IaK. i. 174. DOUCE, Douse, a/if. 1. Sober, sedate, not light or frivolous, applied both to persons and tilings, S. Sae far, my fiiend, in merry strain, I've gireu a douse advice and plain. Ramx(T}/\ Poems, i. 143. Thi< is often opposed to dnjt. A. Bor. dooir, thrifty, careful, (Grose), seems crlj;inally the same. 2. Modest, as opposed to wnnton conduct. " There war na doua ongnlns betweesh them ;'' their conduct was not consistent with modesty, S. B. 3. Of a respectable character in general, S. Ye daiiilv Deacons, an' ye douce Conveeners, To whom our luoderns are but causey-cleaners ; — A' ye douce folk I've born aboon the broo, Were ye but hero, what would ye say or dill fey, Into batal twyis vinciist schameAilly, Spare not for tyl extol and magnify : And be the contrare, the pissanco of Latyne King Do set at nocht, but lichtlie, and douti thring. Dung, yirgil, 377. 4. V^. Thuing. DOUN WITH, a'iv. 1 . Downwards, in the way of descending from rising ground, _S. In heich haddyr Wallaci; and tliai can twyn. Throiich that dotin ■with to Fortli sadly he souchl. V JF«//rtre, V. 301. MS. What can they do? duzcnziith they darena budge, Thair safest course seems in tlie height to lodge. Ross's Hclciwrc, p. 74. A. S. adun, deorsum, and tci/h, versus, niotum corporeum denofans. X . ili/li, I.yv. This particle is frequently- used in comiiosilion, in the same sense as E. zcard, in dozcnaard, (oaard, inc. ; as iif^iih, upwards, otifici/h, outwards, inzci/h, inwards, liume- tcith, towards home, S. 2. Used as a j. To the doumuith, downwards, S. To DOUP, DowF, V. n. To incline the head or upper part of the body downwards, S. Thither the valiant Tersals doiip, And heir repacious Corbies croup. Scoif. Evergreen, ii. 233. " To domp down, S." Riidd. vo. Doii/cis. When earth turns toom, he rummages the skies, Alounts«p beyond them, paints the fields of rest, Doups doicn to visit ilka law land ghaist. Riitnsai/x Poems, ii. 1. !'«\it. dupp-en, vcrticcm capitis dimitfcre, suggrcdi. Do UP. In a doup, adv. In a moment. And, in a do up. They snapt her up baith stoup and roup. Ramsuij''s Poems, ii. 527. Teut. duj/p-en, dip? q. as soon as one could plunge into water. DOUP, Dowp, DoLP, s. 1. The breech or but- tocks, S. Rudd. The wight an' doughty captains a', Upo' their doups sat down ; A rangel o' the commoun fouk In bourachs a' stood roun. Poems ill the Buchan Dialect, p. 1. But there had been some ill. done deed, Thay gat sic thrawart cowps : But a' the skaith that chanc'd indeed. Was only on their dozsps Wi' faws that day. Ramsay^s Poems, i. 279. - Hence, nietaph. to land on his dowp, to bring him low, to bring into a state of poverty, S. The factor treasures riches up, And leaves the laird to sell ; And when they land them on their dou:p, Gude morning, fare ye well. R. Galloisaj/'s Poems, p. 38. 2. The bottom, or extremitj, of any thing, '< The D O U dou/> of a candle," the lower part of it, when it is mostly burnt. " The doup of the day," the latter part of the day, S. V. Do/p, Rudd. Wo, down to c'enning edge wi' case, Shall loup, and see what's done r the doup o' daij. Ramsaj/'s Poems, i. 274. 3. A cavity. AstheE. rfo.^y V. Dolp. "The dowp of an egg, a toom dowp,'^ i. e. empty shell, Rudd. It occurs in the S. Prov ; " Better half egg than toom dowp ;" Ferguson, p. 7. Rudd. gives no conjecture as to its origin. Sibb. says; " q. depth, from Goth, ditips, profundus." But this etymon has no affinity to the term as used in the two tirst senses. It is undoubtedly allied to Ital. dopo, doppo, behind, backward, and dopoi, a little after. These words apjiear to be of Goth, ori- gin. It is probable, indeed, from these examples, that the ancient Goths, of whose language there arc many vestiges in the Ital., had some radical word nearly agreeing with ours in signification. Since forming this conjecture, 1 have observed that Isl. (/of/ denotes the hinder quarters of a beast; pos- terior pars bcluac, sen dunes ac pedes. Biarijdjjrid liggur a doofinne, the bear lies on his buttocks ; at liggia a doof, a prov. phrase expressive of inactivity, pro torpere, lentus, tardus esse ; G. Andr. p. 45. Dolp seems a corr. orthography, in many in. stances adopted by our ancient writers, by the un- necessary insertion of/. As viewed in the last sense, it- seems almost certain that we should consider it as radically a difterent term. Belg. dop dignities a shell or husk; ovi testa, — ovum exinanilum ; Kilian. This exactly corresponds to the phrase, " a toom dotcp," mentioned above. Su.G. doppsko denotes a ferule for a staft", the lower part of a scabbard fen- ced with iron or any other metal. It may signify, indeed, q. " the shoe at the extremi/j/ or lower part." DOUR, Dour E, ««>•. i. " Hard," Rudd. During his time, sa justice did preuaill, Tlie sauage lies trymblit for terrour, Kskdale, Euisdale, Liddisdalc and Annandail, Durst not rebel, douting his dyntis dour. Lyndsatfs Warkis, 1592. p. 103. Se now quhilk dourest is. His riggand or this tre ? Jamieson's Popular Ball. i. 345. 2. Bold, intrepid. O ye doure pepiU discend from Dardanus, The ilke ground, fra qaham the first stok came Of your lynnage, with blyith bosum the same Sail you ressaue Doug. Virgil, 70. 28. Duri, Virg. 3. Hardy, able to endure fatigue ; as synon. with derf. We that bene of nature derf and doure, &c. Doug. Virgil, 299. 7. V. Deuf. 4. Inflexible, unbending, obstinate, S. Bot al our prayeris and requeistis kynd Mycht nowthir bow that doure mannis mynd ; Nor ) it the takinnis and the wounderis sere. Doug. Virgil, 467. 42. 5. Having an aspect expressive of inflexibility. In this sense it is still said, He has a dour look, S. D O AV To Wallace thar come anc that hccht Fawdoun, Malancol) he was of compk-\ioun, lliwy of sUtur, dour in his countenance. IVallacc, iv. 187. MS, 6. Severe ; applied to the vveatlier, S. — Biting Hureas, fill and dourc, Sharp shiTcrs thro' the leafless bow'r. Burns, iii. 149. Lat. tliir.us; C. B. (kc:r, fortis, audax, strenuus. Dourly, aih. I. With vigour, without mercy. Thir ar the words of the rcdoutit Hoy, — Quhilk hcs inc sent all cuntrics to convoyc, And all luisdoars dourlic to down thring. Lindsay, S. P. R. II. ^n. C. Pertinaciously. The thrid dois eik so dourli/ drink, — Quhill in his wanic no rowui be dry. Bannatifnc Poems, p. 167. st. 3. He drinks so hard, II. V. next word. DOURTY. Dubchand on deir wedis douriy thai dyng. Gazaan and Gol. iii. 17. Lp<;. dourli/, according to edit. 1508. DtJUSE, adj. Solid. V. Douce. DOUT, DoUTE, /. 1. Fear, apprehension, S.,OE. 1 tell yow a (hiiig sekyrly, Tiiat yonc men will all wyn or do. For doulc of dcde thai sail nucht flc. Barbour, xii. 488. MS. O. E. id. V Thei tokc the quene Edith, for doulc of treson, Was kyng Kduarde's wif, le'd hir to Kelion. R. Brunne, p. 72. 2. Ground of fear or apprehension. — F.npresowncYS in swelk qwhite To kepe is doz:t and prct peryle. fVi/iilouii, viii. 11. 2D. Fr. double, doiitc, id. V. Doutit. DouTANCE, J. Doubt, hesitation ; Fr. douhtance. 1 stand in grcit doutance, Qiihonie 1 sail wyte of my mischan ce. Lt)ndsai)'s IVarkis. 1592. p. 2G0. DOUTSUM, adj. 1. Doubting, disposed to doubt. " In spcciall wcdotest and refuse the usurped an. thuritic of that Roman Antichrist upon the Scrip. tiires of (lod, his general and doubtsomc faith." National Covenant of S. C. Uncertain, what may be doubted as to the event. " Thau tullowit ane richt dangerous and doutsum lattcll." liulleoU. Cron. Fol. 2. a. To DOW, V. n. 1. To be able, to possess strengtli, S. Pret. doiht, ihught. •» Incontimnt he pullit out his swerd & said • Tratour, thow hcs ilciiLsit my deith, now is best fymc: dibait thy svH, \ sla me now, gif thow do-x." Bcllrnd. t'ron, B. xii. c. 9. Thucht he (Ui-.p not to leid a 'yk, Yit can he not lat drmiiig be. Dunhiir, Hannutj/ne Poems, p. 62. st. S, Do (nihat ye i/o.v to haif hun haile,- Cut aff the cause, (he ctiict maun f S^e all bis sorrows cche. Cherric and Slue, ft. 98. foil,- D O W Thrc yer in care bed lay, Tristrem the trewe he hight, That never no dought him day For sorwe he had o night. Sir Trislreni) p. 73. This hunger I with ease endur'd ; And never dought a doit afford To ane of skill. Ramsay's Poems, i. 306. Lord Ilailes justly observes that " there is no single word in modern English, which corresponds to i/ow." lie adds, that " //rf approaches the nearest to it, whence the adj. listless." But list cannot be viewed as synon. When dow is conjoined with a negative, as in the passage to which he refers, it often indeed implies the idea of listlessness. But it still especially conveys that of inability, real or imaginary. This is the original and proper idea. We accordingly find t/ors contrasted with a v. cs- prcssive of inclination. I do-j: not Hie howbeit I zcalJ, But bound I man be youris. Philotus, Pink. S. P. R. iii. I. When the v. is used with a negative, downa, or doicnae, is the more modern form. It indeed occurs in an old S. Ballad, but most probably from a change in recitation. A keen pen-knife sticks in my hert, A word I doicnae spcik. The Jezc's Daughter, Perci/"s Rcliques, i. 31. Instead of this Dunbar wrote dozo 7iot, or nochf, as in example 1. 2. To avail, to profit, to be of any worth or force. Sic lu{ doio nocht ane stra. Doug. Virgil, B5. 54. i. c. such love is not of the value of a straw. — Thay had done thare nathyng that docht, The ryche gyftis nor gold aualit nocht. Ibid. 369. 13. '•' Sa this argument doxs not, Christ is olTered to all, ergo, be is receaucd of all." Bruce's Scrm. on the Sacr. G. 7. a. A. S. dug. an, Teut. doogh-en, are bcth used in the same sense ; prodesse, Lye, Kilian. Do sometimes occurs in this signification for dow^ All forss in wer do nocht but gouernanco. fVullace, iv. 437. MS. Dow, J. " Worth, avails \-alue. Teut. doogh," commodum, lucrum. — ' Nocht o' dow', of no value, or nothing of vvortli ; Gl. Sibb. DOW, .f. A dove, S. A. S. duua, columba. With that the dozo Hcich in the lift full glaide he gan behald. And with hir wingis soraiid mony fald. Doug. Virgil, 144. 52. To DOW, V, n. 1. To tlirive ^ respecting bodi- ly health. Unty'd to a man Do whatc'er we can. We never can thrive or db-js^. Ramsa)/''s Poems, ii. 249. A dbicing bairn, a thriving child, S. " He ncitlwr dees nor doics ,•" he neither dies nor mends ; A. Bor. Hay. DotiWi', healthful ; Ibid, Gl. Grose. DOW " He Jons and grows ; a plirase applied to a healthy and thriving child, S. Doziing and growing, was Ihc daily pray'r, And Noiy was brought up wi' unco care. liosi''i- IJcleiwre, p. 13. 2. To thrive, in a moral sense ; or, to prosper in trade. " He'll never dow," S. he will never do good, Rudd. He views this as the same with the :•. which signifies, to be able. But, notwithstanding the approximalion in scusc, as well as identity of form iu our language, this idea is not fully supported by analogy in the cognate tongues. For as we have seen that the for- mer is intimately connected with Su.G. dog. a, A. S. Jug-an, ice. this seems more immediately allied to Germ, dcih-eii, crescere, proficere; A. S. thcaii, the-on, ge./he.an, ge-the-oti, Alcm. douch-cn, doh- en, dih-an, thig-un, dich-eti, and with still greater resemblance, diuh-tn, Teut. dj/d-cn, dj/.en, id. These Wachter views as related to Heb. rrJT dagah, crcvit. It must be acknowledged, however, that in modern Germ, taiig-cn signifies both, to be able, and to thrive ; to increase. This is also the case v.ith re- spect to .\lem. dih-an^ &c. To DOW, V. 11. 1. To fade, to wither, S. appli- ed to flowers, vegetables, Stc. also, to a faded complexion ; " He's quite dnu'd in the colour." Yet thrift, industrious, bides licr latest days, Tho' age her sair c/o;;'V front wi' ninkles wave. Vcrgusson' s Poc/tut, ii. 57. It seem* to be merely this v. used actively, which occurs in Houlatc, ii. 11. MS. The Roy Robert the Bruce to raik he avowit, With all the hairt that he had, to the haly grave j Syne quhcn the date of his dcid derlly him doicit. !^Ir Pink, renders it coupled, without any aj)pa. lent reason. The meaning may be, that the ap- proach of death had so greatly enfeebled and wasted the King, that he could i»ot accomplish his intended pilgrimage to Palestine. 2. To lose freshness, to become putrid in some degree, S. " Cast na out the dow'd water till yc got the fresh." Ramsay's S. Pror. p. 21. 3. To doze, to fall into a sleepy state, S. B. Syne piece and piece together down they creep, And crack till baith doK^d o'er at last asleep. Ross's Jlclenore, p. 75. Analogous to this sense is A. Bor. do^cd, dead, flat, spiritless ;" Gl. Grose. It is indeed merel} the ])art. pa. 4. To trifle with, to neglect, S. B. Good day, kind Maion, here the wark's ne'er doic'd; The hand that's diligent ay gathers gowd. M 01 if oil's Poems, p. 161. It m:iy be allied to Su.G. dof, cui nihil frugis inest. I(a in Logibus patriis daufvidr dicitur arbor jnfrugifera; Hire, vo. CoJ'ica. Isl. ligia i dav, in deliqviio jacere ; from daa. V. Daw. It miist be observed, however, that Alcm. douu- en signifies perirc, occumberej Wachler. It is D O W often used by Otfrid. Schilter renders it mon, as synon. with Germ, toed.cn, and sterb-cn. In the example given above, in which the v. is used actively, it might bear the same sense with Alem. dovuiien, domere, Teut. doim-.en, premero, pressare. DOWBART, s. A dull stupid fellow. Dastard, thou speirs, gif I dare with thee fccht? Ye Dagone, Do-jibart, therof haif thou nae dout. Dunbar, Evergreen, ii. 51. st. 3. This seems to be from the same origin with dow- fart, adj. used in a similar sense. Germ, dob.en, fob-en, insanire, Alera. dobunga, delirium. V. DOWFART. DOWBRECK, .f. A species of fish, Aberd. " The Dee abounds with excellent salmon, grilse, sea-trout, sterlings (here called dozcbrecks), trout and parr, with some pikes and fresh-water flounders withfiunicks." P. Birsc, Aberd. Statist. Acc.ix. 109., There seems to be an error of the press here, as there are a great many in this useful work. S/er. Ihigs should certainly be spir/itigs, or, as written in E. spiirlings. For Gael, diihhbreac is expl. a smelt, Shaw ; q. a black trout, from dubh black, and breac a trout. DOWCATE, s. A pigeon-house. " It is statute, that euerilk Lord and Laird niak thanie to haue parkis with Deir, stankis, cun. ingharis, doKciUis." Acts Ja. IV. 1503. c. 109. Edit. 1566. DOWCHSPERIS, DovvsY peirs, s. pi. The twelve peers, the supposed companions of K. Arthur. He held in-til his yheres Hys tabyl rownd wyth hys Dozcch^pen's. Wyntonn, v. 12. 330. Doubtles was not sic ducjity deids Araangst the dousj/ Peirs. Evergreen, ii. 17C. st. 2. In O. E. we find dzae pers. The dicze pers of France wc-c that tyme at Parys. R. Brtinne, p. 81. This is borrowed from O. Fr. les donz pers, or pairs, used to denote the twelve great Lords of FVancc, six of whom were spiritual, and six tempo- ral, who assisted at the coronation of tho Kings, each having a particular function on this occasion. If I mistake not, this institutionwas as ancient as the time of Charlemagne. As the Romances con. cerniug Arthur were first digested by that writer who took the name of 'J'urpin, a celebrated jirelate during that reign, he ascribed to the court of Arthur the distinctions known in his ov^n age. But whence the number tuelve, in this honourable association ? Shall we suppose that there was a traditional allusion, on the part of the Franks in this instance, to the num- ber of Odin's companions } lie had, v.e are inform- ed, twelve associates, who were called Diar, and Drutlnar, that is, princes or lords, who presided in sacred things, acted as his counsellors, atid dispensed justice to the people. V. Ihre, vo. Diar. This learned writer observes, that Odin attached to him- self as many counsellors, as fabulous antiquity; ascribed to Jupiter; referring to the great celestial X X D O U dritir', (lie Dii yfnjorum Gentium., or Dii Sdcdi, hIio «rrc twolvi- in iiiinilicr. DOWF, DoLF, J. 1. Dull, flat; denoting a de- lect of spirit or animation, S. and also of rouraj'p, as this grcatlj depends on the state of ihc animal spirits. i'ho siiildaiic dreid so sfoiii.st our fciis (lian, Tlure bliide con^elit and al foijlddir ran, DvlJ'wox tliuru spirits, tliurliic ciiragedoiin fi'il, Don;;, t'trgil, 76. 21. Till- tolhir is luiiiiyl srliamefull rowardiso, Vo^de of curagf, and J gcluid, an dnjfo k/iiiik, a dull sound. Germ, daub, (aub, slunid V. Daw, Da. ' DouF, DooF, s. A dull stupid fellow. .\ll Carrick crys,— gin this Douf-Ker droun'd. Dunbar, Evrrgn-en, ii. 56. st. 14. lie get h.r! slaverin doof! it sets him weil To yoke a plough where Patrick thought to teil ! Ram; ay's Poems, ii. 144. DowFART, DoFART, ad/. 1. Stupid, destitute of spirit, S. ; pron. diifart, as Gr. v. Fan Agamemnon cry'd, To arms, The silly Uofnit coward. D O W Ajax, fur a' his crousencss now. Cud iia get out his sword. Poems in the Bachun Diahct, p. 21. 2. Dampish, melancholy ; so much under de- pression of spirits as to be in a state bordering on that of an idiot, S. 3. Feeble, inefTicicnt ; applied to any tiling th.it does not answer the purpose for whicli it is used. Thus, a candle that burns dimly, is called a duffart candle, S. Isl. dapurt lios, lucerna parum lucens ; G. Andr. p. 47. This may be formed from doi:f and Su.G. art, Beig. ac;7, nature, disposition. V. Donvart. The Isl. term, however, rendered subtristis, is not only written daiipr, but dtipur, and dapurt ; Belg. dicae- jterie, fatuitas, Kiliaii, from drvaep-en, fatuare, in- eptirc, dmacp, fatuus. \. Doweuit. DowFART, DooFART, s. A dull, hcavy-licaded, inactive fellow, S. Then let the doofur/s, fasli'd wi' spleen, ('ast up the wrang srde of tlieir een, Pegli, fry, and girn, wi' spite and teen, And fa' a tlyling. Rumsajj's Poems, ii. 342. DuFFIE, adj. 1. Soft, spungy, S., applied to vegetable substances ; as, a dujjle tieep, a spungy turnip ; fuzie, synon. 2. Dull, stupid, transferred to the mind, S. A duffic chield, a simpleton. DOWY. V. Dolly. DOWYD,/)nt. zndpart. pa. Endowed. And dou\i/d thame syne With gret landis and ryches. IV'ijntorsn, vi. 3. 54. In Ros he fownded Rosmarkyne, That doKifd wes wytht Kyngys syne. Ibid. V. 13. 391. i. e. endowed by kings. Fr. dou-er, id. DOWKAR, s. A ducker or diver. Thou saild to get a dozi:kar for to dreg it. Kennedy, Evergreen, ii. 67. st. 17. i. c. to fish it ni), or drag for it. Su.G. doiare, Helg. dui/cker, id. as Su.G. drag- u, signifies piscaii. V. Douk. DOWNCOME, DouNCOME, s. i. Descent, the act of descending. The sey colstis and the foildis Rcsoundis, at douii come of the Harpies. Doug. Virgil, 75. 41. 2. A fall, in whatever sense. Downcome in the market, the fall of prices, S. 3. Overthrow ; Ruina, Rudd. vo. Doun. DOWNDRAUCHT, s. Whatsoever depresses ; used both literally and metaph. S. q. drawing down. DOWNLYING, s. Just at the doum-lying, "• just going to be brought to bed," A. Bor. Gl. Grose ; S. DOWNLOOK,.r. Scorn, contempt. 'Twas not for fear that I my fouks forsook, And ran the hazard of their sair doicnlooi. Rosi's Helcnore, p. 84. DOW DOWNSITTING, s. The session of a court, S, " Mr Gillespie came home at our first doiensit- iiiiff." Baillit's Lett. xi. 261. DOWNTAK, s. Any thing that enfeebles the body, or taies it down, S. DOWRE. Bot EthcIrcJ mad grct defens, And to tharc felny resystens. And mcllayid oft on fekl in fycht, Quhare mony doicre to dcd wcs dyrht. IVi/ntozcn, vi". 15. 110. " Mony was dycht to dozcre (hard) dcd." Gl. This phrase which frpquontly occurs in VVyntoun, seems analogous to one very common in AVallace, ; pao'.i^c. Koii milliic man, Marnarile Pearles, Ani<)iii;elio)ii;is lli.it liauf lia«i'!; at wyll. Tlii'j do butdriui'l lliiion. itrafe «er hum Icuor Than al precious IVarlis tliat in Faradice waxelh. P. Ploughman . ¥o\. 45, a. i. e. Draff woiilil be more ayrcrable to them. Tent, tiidf, •.ilii|iiae txcoctae, glumac grani dc. Sw. ilruf. id. 1. Literally a sack for carrying <; that Kili.iii ; Is). DRAFf-rOCK, /. grains, S. 2. Used metaph. in the same sense with drajl', S. " The best rea;enerate lia%e their defilements, and if I may speak so, their draff p'ick that will clog bchimi them all their days". Kiilh. Lett. P. i. Kp. 50. This nfers to the common S. Prov. " Every one has his ilrdU'-puck." DRAC;()N, s. A paper kite, S. DKAGOUN,/. The ^VaIlang, that wes wyss and wycht, — Bad him men of armys ta, And in liy till .'>cotlaiid ga, And bvrii, and slay, and raiss dragoMi : And hyeht all l''yfe in warysoun. Barbour, ii. 105. MS. The editions seem rightly to read ditngcotin, is, keeps or forts to bridle the rebels ;" Pink. Bnt dnigoun is the word in ,MS. The phrase seems to denote military execution ; in the same ^cnse in which the !•>. v. iirns;oon is used. To DRAKE, Draik, Drawk, -v. a. To drench, to soak. To draie mea!, to drench it with wa- ter, in order to its being baked, S. — All his pennis war drownd and draihit. liannaiyne Poems, p. '22. st. 13. Sn.G. driienk-ti, aqua submergcre, is nearly al. lied. IJut drake is evidently the same with I si. Jrcit-ia, a(piis obruo, at drvck-iast, submergo, G. Andr. p. 52. This seems to be merely eg' dreek, Jrick.ia, potarc, used obliquely, q. to give drink ; as A.S. drcncan not only signilies to drink, but to drench. Draiks. In the drails^ " in a slovenly, neglect- ed, and disordered state, like something that is p\u aside unfinished," S. B. He stconet in ; hys hart did qiiaik ; J"or ilka thyiig lay in the draik. Jamieson's Popular Bull. i. 288. The allusion seems borrowed from meal that is welted, but not baked, especially when left in this state. It might, indeed, be viewed as allied to Su.G. dracck, filth, q. in the dirt. V. Dheck. DRAM, odj. 1. Sullen, melancholy, S, B. ; the same with drum. S.iyii not your sentence thus, skant worth ane fas; (Juliat honesl<< or renowne, is (o be //;«»i / Or for to droop like ane furdullit as ? Doug. I'irf,il, Prol. 96. 18. Refoir me lliair appeiris .\nc woundil man, of aiichi and threltic yeiris : I'aill of the face, bailh lilaiknit bludc and bic, Dcid eyit, dram lykc, disfigurat was he. D R A Diallos, Honour, Gude Famc^ fic. p. 1 . lie hes so weill done me obey, Ourlill all thing thairfoir I pray That nevir dolour niak him ilrom. Dunhur, Muillattd Poems, p. 93. It is strange that INIr Pinlc. should render this,— " That grief may never force him to the dram bot- tle." Ibid, ^'(.te, 409. ' 2. Cool, indilFcrent, S. B. —As dram and dorty as young miss wad be. Russ'i Ilele/iore, p. S'>. V. Bawaw. Rudd. refers to Isl. dramb, pride. Sibb. prefers a far less natural etymon ; 'supposing if " slightly corrupted from Teut. gram, asper, iiatus, stouach- osus." Isl. draums, melancholicis, G. Andr. p. 54. exactly corresponds with the jiriinary sense of our term. Thruma convc) s the same idea, tristitia allici; Ilavamal. s. 18. Su.G. trumpen, tristis, cui nubila frons est; C. B. drzcm , moaias. It. from, sad, melancholy, Lhuyd. In the second sense, it seems to have considerable afliuily to Isl. dramb, pride, drambi, proud, haughty. DRAMOCK, DuAMMACH, Drummock, s. i. Meal and water mixed in a raw state, S. This, at least, is the proper sense. For to refresh my stamock, I was receiv'd, and fed with dramock. Aught days, and with the better. i. c. eight days and more. JValsoji's Coll. i. 62. Burns writes Drummock. V. Cummock. 2. Any thing so much boiled, as to be reduced to the state of pulp, Ang. According to Sibb. q. erummock. But for what reason ? It is plainly Gael, drumuig, crowdy ; Shaw. To D RANT, Drunt, v. n. \. To draw out one's words, to speak in a whining way, to drawl, S. Drate, A. Bor. id. Ray. 2. To drawl, to pass in a tedious way, S. But worth gels poortitli an' black burning shame. To druunt and drivel out a life at hame. Fergiision's Poems, ii. 74. Su.G. drccn-a, Isl. dri/n, Jrunde, at dri/n-ia, to low ; mugire, bourn est propriuni. G. Andr. p. 55. Drant, Draunt, s. 1. A drawling mode of enunciation, S. Isl. drj/rt, drmi-r, mugitus. But dinna wi' your greeting grieve me, Nor wi' your draunls and droning deave me. Ramsay's Poems, i. 298. He that speaks with a dra:int, and sells with a cant, Is right like a snake in the skin of a saint. Ramsajj's S. Prov. p. 37. 2. A slow and dull tunc, S. DRAP, s. 1. A drop, S. O lusty iMay, with Flora quene, (Juliois balmy drapis frome Phcbns schene, Prcluciand beinies befoir the day. — Chron. S. P. iii. 192. 2. A small quantity of drink, of whatever kind, S. The maiden of the house saw our mishap, ,Vnd out of sight gee's mony a bit and drop. Ross's Hdenorc, p. 100. i D R A To Drap, v.'h. To drop, S. " It is a good goose that drups ay; Ferguson's S. ProT. p 'il. DRAP-DE- BERRY, j, A kind of fine wool- len cloth, mnde at Berry in France, and an- ciently imported into Scotland. The use of this is mentioned as a proof of theluxur)'- of the times, in a poem which contains a considerable portion of satire, and seems to have been writ- ten towards the middle of the seventeenth cen- tury. We hajl no garments in our land, But \vhat were spun by th' Gooilicifc^s hand : No Drap.De-Uirn/, cloaths of seal j No slufls iiigrain'd in cochcnecl ; No Plush, no Tissue, Craraosie j No China, Turky, TatiVty ; No proud Pyropus, Paragon, Or Chatkarally, thore «as none ; No Figurata, or Water-rliamblot ; No Bishop. satine, or Silk-chamblet ; No cloth of Gold ; or Bcvcr hats Wc car'd no more for, than the ca(s : No windy flowrish'd lljing feathers, No sweet permusted sharabo leathers ; No hilt or cram pet richly hatched : A lance, a sword in hand wc bnatchcd. JValson'y Coll. i. 28. The wool of Berry, as the editors of Diet. Trer. observe, is admirable. Les draps de Franco, they elsewhere say, sont de Sedan, de Berry, d'Abbc- vitlc, Sic. Lp drap de jNlcunier, est un drap fait de iaine fnic, ct qui est plus cpais que cclui d'Angle. tcrre, qui a etc ainsi nomme du nom de rouvricr qui Ic fabriquoit en lierry. Vo. Drap. The meaning of " cloaths of seal" is uncertain, unless frora Fr. salle, a hall, q. such cloaths as were used for a court dress. Pyropus seems to have been cloth of a bright red ; Fr. pyropc, Lat. pyropus, a carbuncle of a fiery redness. To DRATCH, Dretch, -v. n. To go heavily and reluctantly, *9 linger, S. B. Chauc. drctche., to delay. Isl. drait-a, segniter, lente procedere ; Gl. Her- Tarar. S. Su.G. treak, tergiversator, qui lubenter moras nectif, et labori se subtrahit. Ihre mentions Jretcke, Scot, as a cognate term ; although the word he had in his eye was that used by Chauc. as quot- ed by Junius. Isl. treskr, pertinas ; Su.G. ^m^.a*, tergiversari ; Westgoth. thrydska, tergiversatio. Perhaps Isl. thryt, thraut, thriot^, cesso, deficio, is also allied. V. Dreicu. To DRAUGHT, -j. v. To draw the breath in long convulsive throbs, as a dying person does, S. Formed, as a frequentative, from A.^. drag-an, to draw ; or rather Sw. drag-as, used in a similar sense; drag-as meddoeden, be in the agonies of death. DRAUGHT TRUMPET, the war trumpet. Be this thare armour grathyt and thare gerc, The draucht trumpet blawis the brag of were : The slughorne, ensenye, or the wache cry Went for the battall all suld be reddy. D R E —lie diiuis furth the sfampand hors on raw V'nto the yoik, the chariotis to draw : He cicthis him with his sclunld, aud seuiys bald, He claspis his gilt habirihoue tliiiufakl. Duii:^. Virgil, '230. 35. Classicum. lludd. thinks (hat it is so called, becausu •' bv its sound it druic.i the soldiers to their colours or stan- dards." But from tlio sense iu whicli the term is here used, it iuijilies that the troops were summoned to haruess or arju themselves for the light. The term therefore, may perha|.s he allied to Su.G. (/ra^/?V, armour, harness for war ; druc gt, a.tlitt. V. Ihre, vo. Drabba, dnigii. DRAUCHT, Draught, s. i. Any lineament of the face, S. " So sone as the spirit of grace hath begunne to draw the draughts and lineaments of God's image within the soule of a man, nothing sliall be able to deface or mangle that liuelie iuiage." Z. Boyd's Last Battell, p. 1084. In her fair face ilk sweet and bonuy draught, Come to the\nst'lls — Ross's Ilclenore, p. 32. V. TiiACK, syuon. 2. A piece of craft, an artful scheme, S. " 1 have been writing to you the counsells and draughts of men agaiust the kirk." — Rutherford's Lett. P. iii. ep. 6. I ken by thee that draucht was drawn, That honest Truth was so abus'd ; For many a man thou hast ow'r fhrawn. Wherefore (hou shall bt' now accus'd. P. Muny's Truth's Travels, Pennccuii's Poems, 1715. p. 109. Tent, draght, vestigiae, from drugh-en, to draw. Su.G. drag-a is used in this figurative sense ; deci. pere, Ihre. DRAVE,.f. 1. A drove of cattle, S. 2. A shoal of fishes, S. " Immense q\iantities of herrings were cured for home consumption, and for exportation. The Drave, as it is here called, was seldom known to fail." P. Crail, Fifes. Statist Ace. ix. 445. V. Tack, s. 2. 3. A crowd, a throng of people, S. A. S. draf, armenta; agmen, — grex hominum. Isl. drcif, Teut. drijte, Su.G. drift, id. from drijze-a, pecudes agere. DRAWKIT. V. Drake. To DRAWL, V. n. To be slow in action, S. The E. word is confined to slowness of speech. Johns, derives it from draio. But it is more allied to Teut. drael-en, cunctari, tardare ; Kilian. To DRE, Dree, Drey, -v. a. To suffer, to en- dure, S. He wald trewaill our the se And a quhile in Paryss be, And dre myschielf quhar nane hym kend, Till God sum succouris till him send. Barbour, i. 327. MS. By me, Turnus, quhat panys sail thou dre? Doug. Virgil, 261. 55. It is now written dree ; as to dree penance, S. " Pride in a poor briest has mickle dolour to dree;" S. Prov. Kelly, p. 270, . D R E —He did great pyne and mcikle sorrow drcc. Rosi's IhUnore, p. 43. To dree one's vceird, to do penance, S. Dree, out the inch, as you have done the span j" Prov. Kelly, p. 84. ''According to the popular belief, he [Thomas the Rhymer] slill (//rev his iceiid in Fairy Land, and is one day expected to rcrisit earth." "He [Merlin) answers briefly to Waldcharc's enquiry concerning his name and nature, that ho, drees his aeira, i. e. does penance in that wood." -Minstrelsy Border, ii. 207. 290. N. Sibb. derives it •• iVoin A.S. throicinii, pati, from threa, allliclio, infliclio." This, ;illliough probably allied, is rather distant. Ray li.ul mentioned A. S. Hi/rcog.ati, pati. Drcog.an, id. is the proper root ; prel. dreah ; drcah and itlholdc, Lye, he dreed and UwUd, S. The coini)uuud terms Sii.G.foerdra<;-a, Belg. verdraa^r-cn, both si.'jnify to sufl'er, from dritg- a, draag-eii, to draw, to carry, to bear: which shews that they have been transferred from labour to suf. fering, and indicates that A. S. draog-an has been radically the same «ith drug-an, to draw. To Dre, Drev, 'j. n. To endure, to be able to act, to continue in life. He all till hcwyt that he our fnk ; And dung on thaim quhill he myclit drei/. Harbour,' ii. 383. MS. Now help (pilia will : for sekyrly This day, but mar bald, focht will I> Sail na man say, ([uhill 1 may dreij. That strenth of men sail ger me i\ov- Ihid. xvii'i. 53. MS. In Edit. 1G20. while that 1 die. i. e. as long as I continue in life. If this bo not an i-rror for dre, the Editor has thus given the sense, supposing perhaps, that it would be more generally understood than the original ))hrase. " To dree, pordurare," Gl. North. Ray. A. S. drrog.an, farere, agere. DIIEICH, Dreegh, ad/, i. Slow, lingering, S. — ' She was not sae skcegh, Nor wi' her answer very blate or drccgh. Ross's Udenore, p. 38. " The East," it is said, S. O. " is a very dreegh kirt ;" i. e. when rain falls out from the east, it generally continues long. •2. Tedious, wearisome. A dreich road, S. In this sense A. Bor. dree is used ; " long, seem- ing tedious beyond expectation, spoken of a way," Ray. The craig was ugly, stay and drctdi. Cherrie and S/ae, st. 26. Said to be dreieh, because of the little progress node in ascending if. " Murk, wull and gonsfie w.»s the nicht, And drtkh the gate to gap; J*imieion'.s I'opuliir Ball, i, 230. 3. Metaph. used to denote distance of situation. Loup down, loup down, my master dear, What though the window's drcigh and hie ? I II catch you in my arms twa, And never a foot from you I'll flee. Rihun'i S. Songs^ ii, 35, DRE Ray strangely supposes that dree '' is originally no more than drj/." Rudd. derives our word from " drazi, to protract." Sibb. properly refers to Teut. draegh, tardus, ignavus. Wc have the very form of the word in Goth, drig, driug.r, prolixus ; Isl. drvg-ar, tardus, G. Andr. p. 55. Su.G. droe. ja, cunctari. Sw. dri/g is used precisely in the se- cond sense; driig mil, a long mile; dragt arbete, a heavy (jiece of work; en drijg bok, "a voluminous book to peruse," i. e. tedious, prolix. Y. Widcg, ^Vith these correspond Su.G. troeg, tardus, Isl. tre^-ur, throng, drag; ireg-a, tardare. A. S. thraege, qui diu moratur, llickes, Gr.im. A.S. p. 118. A. lem. dragi, tragi, tarditns. Fris. drac-Jen, mora- ri : Ri'Ig. ver-traag-cn, to delay, traaghei/d, slon-. ness, laziness. To this fountain must we trace Ital. ireg-are, cessarc. Ihrc views drag-a, to draw, as the root. He reckons this probable, not only be. cause the Latins use the phrase traherc moras, but because those who carry heavy burdens move slow- ly. It is also in favour of this hypothesis, that the com pound /ocy-fZ/Y/j- signifies a delay. V. Dbatch. Dreicu, Dregh, On dreich, used adv. " At lei- sure, at a slow easy pace," Rudd. Litill lulus sal bfre me cumpany, My spous on dreich eftir our trace Gall hy. Doug. Virgil, 02." 36. It seems doubtful, if it does not rather mean be. hind, as adreich is used, q. v. ; also, on dreich, ibid. 278. 36. Rudd. observes, in Addit. that " lo foUozs on dreich, S. is to follow at a distance, but so as to keep sight of the person whom we follow." Thus the phrase is used by Bellend. " The first battaiil was fochtin on dreich." Cron. R. iv. c. 16. Emimis certabatur, Boeth. Why dravvcs thou the on dregh, and mak siche deray ? Sir Gai^an and Sir Gal. ii. 11. It is used in the same sense by R. Cruune. Merlyn wist it suld nut vailo Strength of body ne trauailc. He bad thain alle draw tham o dreih, Thorgh strength ne com" ye tham neigh. -^pp. to Pref. cxciv. Hearne renders it, " aside, away;— He bid them all draw themselves away ;" Gl. DREDOUR, Dridder, s. 1. Fear, dread; pron. drither, S. B. With drcdfull dredour trymbling for effray The Troianis lied richt fast and brak away. Doug. Virgil, 305. But IJydby's dridder wasna quite awa' : Within her lugs the thunder's roar yet knells. Rosses Helenore, p. To dree the drither, to abide the result or conse. quenccs of a rash or wicked action, Ang. 2.. Suspicion, apprehension, S. B. A. S. drued, tiinor, from Su.G. racd-as, timere ; raedd, timor, to which, according to Ihre, the A Saxons have prefixed d. But as th.y had a pari iLilily for a .is a prefix, it would appear, that they addfd d cuphonii cutiKu, as adracd-an, (imere. Or tins may correspond to A lem. andredit, timet, and n;;fl'/Wo;;^// timentcs ; Sciiilter. V. R \d. He^co To Dridder, v. To fear, to dread, S. B. " "^ IC. 75. D R E Gin wc liaM lioal, we mvA na diidda' mair ; Yc ken we wiiina be set down so bare. Jxovi'.v He/enorc, p. 20. Te DREEL, t'. ;/. To move quickly, to run i:i haste, Ang. As she was souple like a rcry ec), O'er liili and dale wiili fury she did drcel. liois^s IJeloiore, p. .50. ia.G. chiH. ft, circuinagerc ; 'i'cut. clrilt-en, mo. titarc, iiltro cilroqiio cursitarc. We also speak of the drceltng or drilling of a car. riage, that moves both smoothly and with veloeity ; althonjjli this may refer to the tingling sound. The verbs referred to are used in both senses. DREFYD, pret. Drave. Bot cowatice the ay Ira honour drefj/d. IVulluix, \\. 1330. MS. DREGY, Dergy, s. l. The funeral service. — We sail begin a carefull sonn, Ane Dregi) kjnd, devout and meik ; The blest abune we sail beseik You to (lelyvir out of your noy. — And sae the Drcgj/ thus begins. Dmihav, Evergreen, ii. 42. 2. The compotation of the funeral company af- ter the interment, S. But he was (irst hanie at his ain ingle-side, And he helped to drink his ain dirgic. Herd'i Collection, ii. 30. Pron. dregj/, S. Skinner derives dirge " from the beginning of the Psalm, Dirigc nos, Domine, w hieh used to be chant- ed at funerals." It is not, however, the beginning, but the ninth verse of the fifth Psalm, one of those sung in the office for the dead. The particular rea. son, why this came to be used as a designation for the service in general, must have been, that Dirige was repeated different times as the Aniiphone. In like manner this was also called singing a Requiem, because in ditlerent parts of the same office the Antiphone was, Requiem acternam dona, &c. or simply. Requiem. Thus, also, the service called Te Deinn has been denominated from the initial woids ; and the Mass, L. B. Missa, from the con. elusion. V. Mrss. The word Dirge appears in its primary form of i/irigee, both in S. and O. E. " All the play that should have been made was all turned in soul-masses and Dirigies ; where, through there ycid such mourning, through the country, and lamentation, that it was great pity for to see : and also the King's heavy moan, that he made for her [Q. Magdalen], was greater than all the rest." Pitscottie, p. 159. 160. " At the last crepte in the worshippinge of re- liques and shrynes, with holy oyle and creame, with the paschall and paxe, in the feastes and dedications, with letanies, masses, and dirigees for the dead." Bale's Image of both Churches, Sign. L. 2. DREGGLE, s. A small drop of any liquid, S. ; synon. dribble. Su.G. dregg, dregs ; or dregel, saliva. To DREGLE, Draigle, v. n. To be tardy in motion or action, S. ; synon. dratch, druttle. This has the same origin with Dreich, q. t. D R E DRETK, t. « Du-t, excrement. Tent, drer,^, sordes, stercns." Gl. Sibb. A. S. drogc, id. To DREIP, V. n. To distil in drops, S., to distil, E. O bonnie, bonnio was her mouth, And cherry were her clieiks ; And clcir cleir was her yellow hair, Wharon the red bliiid dreips. Adam o' Gordon, Pinkerton's Sel. S. Bullad>.; i. A. S. drijp-an, Su.G. dryp-a, Isl. dreip.a, Belg. druijp-cn, id. DREIRE, s. This word occurs in the counsel left by R. Bruce, as to the proper mode of de- fending Scotland. It is probably an error of some transcriber for deire, dere, hurt, injury. As tlie passage is curious, I shall be excused for inserting it fully. On fut suld be all Seottis weire-, Be h} 11 and mosse thaim self to weire^ Lat v.od for wallis be bow and spcire, That innynieis do thaim na drcire. Ill strait placis gar kcip all stoire; And byrnen the (ilanen land thaim before: Thanen sail thai pass away in liaist, Quhen that they find r.athing bot waist ; %Vith wyllis anil waykenen of the nieht, And mekill noycs maid on hycht. Thanen sail they turnen with gret aflVai, As thai were chasit with swerd away. This is the counsall, and intent Of gud King Robert's testament. Fordun. S'cotichr. ii. 232. It can scarcely be considered as allied to A. S, dreorc, Isl. dreor, cruor, sanguis ; which seems to be the root of dreor/g, E. dreiu'i/. DRENE, s. Ane fule, thocht he half cans or nane, Cry is ay, Gif me into a drene ; And he that dronis ay as ane bee Sould half ane heirar dull as stane. Dunbar, Bannatijne Poem.f, p. 46. st. 2. Cries ay, Gife me, unto a drene. Evergreen, ii. 82. Lord Hailes renders this " drain, spout, con. duit." But undoubtedly that was not Dunbar's meaning. It seems to signify a constant repetition of the same thing, ironic, rane, rennie, synon. This view is much confirmed by the line follow, ing, in which the person is described as still droning like a bee. The term may be immediately allied to A. S. draen. Germ, trane, treen, fucus, a drone ; as alluding to the uninterrupted buzzing made by this insect. Belg. dreun, a trembling noise. It may, however, have the same general origin with Drunt, V. q. V. To DRESS, v.a. l. " To treat well or ill." Gl. Wynt. Thare-fore thai, that come to spy That land, thaim dressi/t unmoderly. fVt/ntown, ii. 8. 72. 2. To chastise, to drub, S. 3. To iron linens, S. Hence, a dressirig-ixon, a smoothing iron. DRESSE, s. Show, exhibition. D II I h 11 sai.l (o ihc Papists, wilh respect (o their doc (line of the corporeal presence of Christ iit the mass: Why are ye sa iiiuiatiirall, To lake him in your teeth and sla him, Tripartite and dcuided him, At ) our diim ilrtic.^ Spec. Godlt) Ball. p. 40. i. e. dumb shew. This may be merely the K. word used oblUjuely. I>l. dich, however, is ren- dered, iupi-rbia, CI. .Vndr. p. 53. DRESSER, s. A kitchen table, S. Tent. Jrc.sioor, Fr. drcssoir, a side-board. DRE\'EL, s. Seems to signify a driveller. — Druucarts, dysours, dyours, drevcls. — DiiiiLar, Maillaml Poems, p. 109. I scarcely think that it is allied to Teut. drevel, mediasliniiv, sevvns. V. next ««rd. DREUILLYNG, Driutlli.vg, j'. Unsound sleep, slumbering. Quiien Vwi^sMm dieuillijng, or the unsound slepe, Our enc ouersetlis in the nychtis rest, Than seines ts full besy and full prest. Doug. Virgil, 416. 12. — Meunys niynd oft in driujlling ijronys. ~Ibid. 311. 45. Sibb. derives it from Tent, rcvekn, crrare aninio. liut this set-ms to be the primary sense vf drivel, wliicli in K. signifies to slaver, and also to dote Junius mentions A.S. drejliende, rhoumalicus, and Johnson K drip, as the origin. As doting or slumbering (iften proi is with Pinto in the se, As oil' the land, full ofliniquilc, He waknys wer, waxyng otf pestilence. 'fVuUace, vii. 1S3. MS. In edit. 1648 and 1G73, dreiching. ;'l'o Ilowme that tribwte pay Wytht-owtyn drychyng or delay. Wijutoxcn, V. 3. 32. 0. E. dretchirtg. V. Drkicu. To DRIDDER, v. a. To fear. V. Dredour. To DRIDDLE, Bridle, v. ?i. l. To spill any thing, although not liquid, to let fall from care- lessness. Loth. 2. To be under the influence of a dysentery. Dridland like a foul bcTst. Montgomcrie, fVatsnn^s Coll. iii. 2. In the latter sense, it seems allied to Teut. dreutcL pillula stercoraria. To DRIDDLE, v. n. 1. To move slowly, S. B. same as drutthy q. v. 2. To be constantly in action, but making- little progress. Border. DRIDDLINS, s.pl. Meal formed into knots by water, the knotted meal left after baking, S. Germ. Irodcl, trcidel, scruta, veteramenta. DRIESHACH, j-. A term applied to the dross of turf, of which a fire is made, when it glows upon being stirred, S. B. Perhaps eorr. from Gael, griosach, hot, burning embers; griosuicham, to stir the fire; Ir. id. to kindle. V. Guif.hacii. DRIFLING, Driffling, s. A small rain. " Some jealousies did yet remain, as drijling after a great shower." IJailHe's Lett. i. 184. In Gl. it is written drijjling. Seren. derives E. drizzle from Isl. dreitill, guttu- la. This seems rather allied io dreif.a, spargcre, io spread ; whence drijj'u, nix pinens, E. drift. V. G. Andr. p. 52, 53. ' DRIFT, s. Drove ; as a drove of cattle, Ayrs. drave, S. Tfrut. driftc, id. armcutum, grex armentorum ; Kilian. \'. UuAVE. To DRIFT, V. n. To delay. "• 1 sec here, that the Lord, suppose hec dr'flcd and delayed the elfect of his prayer, & grauiiteth Hot his desire at the first, yit he heareth hira." Ijrncfc's Eleven Serra. V. 7. a. V. the s. As v. a. it also signifies, to put off. D R I D R Y " What rest shall his wearied soule get all this night, if thou delay and drift him vntill morrow ?" Z. Boyd's Last Battell, p. 237. This is analogous to one iise of the E. ». drive, mentioned by Skinner, to drive time, ditferre, moras ncctcre. Sii.G./oer(//7f:ca/((/e«, tempusfallere; Ihre. Sw. drifica baart tidoi, to pass the time; Widcg. Drift, s. Delay, procrastination. " — Trouble uppou trouble is the matter and ex- ercise of patience, lang drift and delay of thingcs hoped for is the exercise of true patience." Bruce's Eleven Serra. V. 5. a. DRIGHTIN, J. Lord ; a designation given to • our Saviour. Quhare Criste cachis the cours, it rynnys quently. — The date na langar may endure, na drightin devinis. Gaxi-an and Gol. iv. 18. !. e. " than the Lord determines." Sir Gawan is made to use the same terai in an oath, ibid. st. 9. A. S. drichtcn, Alcm. drohtin, driihtin, Isl. Su.G. drotlin. By the Gotlis the term seems to have been first used to denote their false deities, and afterwards to characterize the true God, as well as to distinguiih persons of rank or aulhority. Some derive it from driit, dear; others, from drot-tia, to rule, which, according to Wachter, is from drof, i)opulus, because to rule is merely to be over the people. Analogous to this, A. S. drilit denotes a family, the vulgar ; driht-folc, a train, a suite. It is certainly in the same sense that drighi is used in P. Ploughman, although overlooked both by Skinner and Junius. There is charitie the chiefe chamberer for God hym selfe ; Wher patient porti, quod Hankin, be mor plc- sant to our dri^ht Than ryches rightfully wonne, & resonahly dispended. Fol. 73. a. DRIMUCK, s. The same with Bramock. " The mode of fishing is curious. 'J'hey make what they call a Drimitclc, resembling thin wrought mortar, which they throw into the ])ool, to disturb the clearness of the water. The fishers stand upon the point of the rock, with long poles, and nets upon the end of them, with which they rake the pool, and take up the fish." P. Rattray, Perths. Statist. Ace. iv. 130. Drummock, A. Bor. is synon. with Drammock, sense 1 . To DRING, V. a. To drag, to obtain any thing with difficulty, S. B. His hors, his meir, he mone len to the laird^ To dring and draw, in court and cariege. Henrijsone, Bannatijiw Fuems, p. 120. st. 20. Belg. dring-cn, Germ, dreng.en, to urge, to press. Isl. thraciig-a, ihreirig.ia, A. S. ihritig- tally Su.G. triteitg-a, MoesG. ihraih-an, id. h in this language being often used fur g. To DRING, V. n. To be slow, to lose time, to protract ; also, to dring on, id. whence dringin^ slow, given to protraction, S. B. This, if not an oblique sense of the preceding »., as dragging supposes reluctance, and therefore tardh^ ness, may be a frequentative from Drych, which seems anciently to have been used as a v. V. Drychyn : or from Su.G. droe-ja, Isl. trcg-a. V. Dreich. Dring, adj. Slow, dilatory, S. B. I'll wad her country-lads shall no be dring In seeking her, and making us to rue That ever we their name or nature knew. Ross''s Ilelenore, p. 93. To DRING, Dringe, v. n. To make a noise such as that of a kettle before it boils. While kettles dringe on ingles dour, Or clashes stay the lazy lass, Thir sangs may ward ye frae the sour. And gayly vacant minutes pass. Ilu»isai/\^ I'ucms, ii. 198. Is this a peculiar application of the preceding v., because c^f the slow motion of water in this stale? It may, however, have some affinity to Isl. dryn-ia,. mugire ; drungin, ravus et grandis sonus, iiing is synon. S. Dring, s. " The noise of a kettle before it boils ;" Gl. Ramsay. DRING, J-. 1. One in a servile state ; perhaps expressive of equal contempt with the designa- tion slave. — 1 half heir, I to the tell, Ane nobill kaip imperiell, Quhilk is not ordanit for dringis. But for Duikis, Empriouris, and Kingisj i'or princely, and imperiall fulis. Lyndsay, Pink. S. P. R- ii. 97. Perhaps it is used in a similar sense by Polwart. Dead dring, dry'd sting, thou will hing, but a sunyic.- IVation's Coll, iii. 32. 2. A miser, a niggardly person. Wer thair ane king to rax and ring Amang gude-fallowis cround, TVrechis wald wring, and mak murnyng, For dule thay suld be dround : Quha finds ane dring, owdir auld or ying. Gar hoy him out and hound. Bunnatyne Poems, p. 183. st. 3. PVrcch, i. e. wretch, is evidently used as synon, with dring, which is also contrasted vfith the charac- ter of gude-fallowis, or those who spend their money freely. It might seem to be derived from Belg. dring-en, to press. Y. Dring, y. 1. But its pri- mary sense refers us to Su.G. dreng, a servant. This indeed primarily signifies, vir fortis : and, even in its secondary and modern sense, implies no idea of meanness ; except what may be viewed as attached to a state of servitude. It must be observed, that drench occurs in.Doorasday-book, as denoting those who are subject to a feudal lord, or a certain class oi vassals ; L. B. dreng-us, threng-us. The term might thtnce come to signify any mean creature. DRINK- SILVER, s. A vale given to servants, S. I find it used in a metaph. and religious' sense in one passage. " A drink of Christ's Jove, which is better than wine, is the drink-silver which suffering for his Majesty leaves behind it." P^utherford's Lett. P. II. ep. 28. DRYNT, pret. Drowned. Quhilk of the godriis, Falinurus, D R O Tlic TS bereft, aud drtftU amyd the sc ? Dong, yir^il, 175. 21. Su.G. rffUfnJt-fl, A. S. ilreiiccun^ Ui/rciicun, raer- i;rri'; //o to pierce, pcrforare; G. .Xndr. p. 53. 51. Hence. Drob, s. a thorn, a prickle, Perths. DllODDUM,x. Expl. " the breech ;» A. Bor.id. O for some rank, mercurial rozet, — I'd gic you sic a hearty doze o't, Wad dress your droddiim. To a Louye, Burns, iii. 209. DROG, s, A buoy sometimes attached to the end of a harpoon line, wlien the whale runs it out, S. perhaps from ding. DROGAREIS,/./. Drugs. '• The uuyemtntis & drogiireia that onr forbcarls vsit mycht not cure the new raalcdyis." BtUend. Cron. Fol. 17. b. Fr. droguciics, id. DROICH, /. A dwarf, a pigmy, droc/j, S. B. Clydes. ; dreich. Border. Hence one of the Poems in the Bann. Collection is entitled, '< Anc litllo Intcrlud, of the Droichis part of the Play," p. 173. Dutrzte and Diierg arc used by Thomas of Ercildonc. The ducricc y scighc her ginne, Thcr he sat in the (re. Sir Tristrem, p. 116. V. Duergh. A. S. d;i>eorh, Dan. dicaerg. Isl. Sw. d;i:erir, Bclg. duergh, (ierm. ~:^crg, id. Skinner mentions ditrg. I'n as an E. word of the same moaning. This is more nearly allied to the t«rms alreairi/snnc''s Traitic of Orpheus King, Edin. 1508. Teut. drocf. turbidus, turbulentus. A. S. drj/f" en ve.\are. V. synon. Dkumly. D R O DROUERY, Droury, s. i. Illicit love. Thai fand in till his coffer A Icttyr that him send a lady, That he luft'yt per droucri/, That said quhen he had yemyt a yer In wer, as a gud bachiller, The awentnris castell of Douglas, That to kepe sa peralus was ; Than niycht he weile ask a lady Hyr amowris, and hyr droueri/. Barbour^ viii. 492. 498. MS. . I cannot agree with ]Mr Alacpherson in thinking that i/izirii, Wyn<. vi. '2. 101. signifies " truth iu love, or true love." It cprtainly has the same meaning as in the passage quoted above. Warton eirs still more remarkably, in rendering this " mo- desty, decorum." In this he seems to have followed Hearne, who explains it, " modesty, sobriety," as used by R. Glouc. ^^'ymmea ne keptc of no kyngt as in driteri/, Bote he were in armys wel yprowed, & atte leste thrye. P. 191. Kyngt is for knight, thri/e, thrice. Here it may simply mean love. 2, A love-token. And snffir Tyrianis, and all Liby land Be gif in tlroicry to thy son in hand. Doug, yirgil, 103. 21. The phrase luf droiiri) is also used by Doug. :?. A gift of any kind. The Sidoncs Dido Bccouth to big anc proud tcmpil of Juno, With drouri/is sere, and giftis of riches. Doug. Virgil, 27. 1. Druri) is used O. E. in the same general sense, for any sort of gift, or perhaps as synon. with treasure. When all treasures are tried, quod she, truth is the best ; I do it on Dcus charitas. to dome the sothe. It is as dere worth a drury, as dere God him selfe. P. Ploughman, Fol. 5. b. Mr Pink, properly refers to O. Fr. drurie, la vie joycuse; from rfr;/e, a concubine. V. GI. Romm. de la Rose. The origin is jirobably Teut. druf, druj/t, faithful ; Germ, draut, id. also, dear, carus, dilectus ; corresponding fo (J. B. drud, id. Germ. draut, i. denotes a friend-; Franc, drut, &nd drufin- na, arnica J whence, according to Wachter, drite and druerie. Ital. drudo, a lover, a pander; amant. C'est proprement le riificn d'unc femrae ; Veneroni. To DROUK, V. a. To drench, to soak, S. Al droakit and forwrocht Thay sailfit war, and warpit to the coist. Dvug. Virgil, 3-26. 29. Out good oid Z. Boyd uses the terui ^¥ith respect to Jonah. " — Hcare how the droukcd man sang at last. Yet hast iliuu brought up mij I'Je," &c. Last Bat. tell, 302. Rudd. views it as formed from douk, by the inter- position of /■. IjJc mentions the A. S. phrase, on drugungc, Psa. 77. 20. rendering it, aquosus. This seems radically the same with Drake, q. v. It may be added, that Fr. drug-er is to moisten, to wet thoroug.lily. D R U DROUTH, i. 1. Drought, S. The balmie dew throw burning drouth he dryis, Quhilk made the soil to savour sweit, and smell By dewc that on the nicht before down fell. K. James VI. Chron. S. P. iii. 488. 2. Thirst, S. _" Is it possible, that my drouth can be slokned with that drinke, that passed neuer ouer my halse?" Bruce's Serm. on the Sacr. B. 7. b. " He speaks in his drink, what he thought in his drouth,-" S. Prov. " What sobriety conceals, drunkenness reveals;" E. Prov. Kelly, p. 134. Air Tooke properly mentions A. S. drugoth, (siccitas, ariditas,) as the immediate origin; adding, that this is the third pers. sing, of the c. drig-an, drug.an, arescere, to dry. Drijth and drilh were used for drought, O. E. Divers. Purley, 11.413.414. Drouthy, adj. I. Droughty, applied to the. weather, S. 2. Thirsty, S. — Though this night he drink the sea. The morn he'll e'en as drouthy be. Peiinectiik's Poems, 1715. p. 124. DROW, s. A fainting fit, a sort of convulsion ; also, a state of partial insensibility iu dying per- sons, Ang. E. throe, from A. S. throu-ian, pati ; Isl. thraa, aegritudo, e^f Ihrae, aegre fero, moercns desidero ; G. Andr. p. 267. Teut. droev, moerens, dolens. DROWP, s. A feeble person. Bot I full craftelie did keip thai courtlie weidis, Quhill efter dcid of that dron-p. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 58. He also uses droup as an adj. p. 51. Teut. drocf, moestus ; Is!, draup-a tristari. DRUBLIE. V. Droubly. To DRUG, V. a. To pull forcibly, to tug, to drag, S. Richt einistle thay wirk, And for to drug and draw wald neuer irk. Doug. Virgil, 47. I. Then iu a grief he did hor hail, And drugged both at main and tail. And other parts he could best wail. IVatson^s Coll. i. 40. It is sometimes contrasted with draw. Than better sone to drug nor lait to draze. Lament. L. Scotl. Fol. 5. b. This seems to have been a prov. expression, signi- fying that it is preferable to use strong measures iri' proper season, than such as are more feeble when it is too late. It is also used by Chaucer. — At the gate he proffered his service. To drttgge and draw, what so men wold de- vise. Knighies T. v. 1418. Rudd. views it as Corr. from rug. But it is radi- cally the same with drazo ; only the guttural sound is retained, as denoting that the action is more forcible. Drug, s. A rough or violent pull, S. B. They — lasht him on before w i' birken wands, About his houghs, and round about his lugs j y y a. D R U And at liis hair loot moti y unco drugs. /Io.«.«'> llcliiiorc, p. -17. DRUGGARE, mlj. Drudging, subjected to labour. Of bcitis sawi' I mony (liiu-rsc kynd ; — The slawc aiio, the Uniggarr boste of pync. Kiiii('s Qiwir, V. -1. I'll. (Iroogiir, trartor, bajulus; Ci. Andr. DRUM, /J.//'. Dull, melancholy, S.B. V. Dram. DRUM, i. A knoll ; a ridge, S. *• On ihi'sc ^rouHtfs, and niis!liboiirhood, — there aroniaiiy of these slii;»iilar ridges of nature called here Drums rdinsum] ; perhaps 10 to 12 of them « ilhiii a small space of each other. They have all a paralli'lisin titoneanother, and decline cast«ard. There are many of these ilrums in the neighbour- hood, ill the parishes of Aljth and Rattray, and in the MormonI, « hicli have the same parallelism and position with the above." P. Dcndothy, Pertlis. Statist. Arc. xix. Mt. (iael. Ir. ilruiin, the back or ridije of a liill, C. R. tri/iii. Hence Drum-Albin, a name given to the Grauipian mountains ; according to .Vdoiiinan, Dor. sum lirilaiiiiiac, q. the back or ridfje of Britain ; a name proper enough, as this ridge divides the country into two parts. It is applied, S. B. to little hills, which rise as barks or ridges above the level of the adjacent ground. The use of this term corresponds with the Dietaph. sense in which Lat. dorsum frequently occurs. V. Now. To DRUMBLE, o. ,7. To raise disturbance, like or.e who stirs mud. As from a bow a fatal Hane, Train'd by Apollo from the main, In water pierc'd an eel ; Sae may the patriot's power and art Sic fate to sou pie rogues impart, That drumblc at the commonweal. Ramsay's Poems, i. 376. It is still used as a V. a., in a literal sense. V. the adj. Drumly, DRUMBi.y, adj. i. Dark, troubled. The dnimlif schour yet furtli oucr all the arc Als blak as pyk, in bubbis here and tharc. Doug. Virgil, 151. 8. 2. Muddy, thick ; drumlcy, A. Bor. id. Fra thine sirekis the way profound anone, Uepe vnto hellis llude of Acherone, — DruDilj/ of mude, and skaldand as it war wodc. Doug, yirgil, 173. 38. 3. Having a gloomy aspect S. Some said my looks were grofTand sour, Fretfu', drumiljj, dull, and dowr. Ramsaj/'s Poems, i. 306. " Good fishing in drumly waters;" Ramsay's S Pror. p. 28. Rudd. views it as corr. from Ft. trouble, id. Sibb. from Teut. turbelen. 15ut it seems rather a derivative from Tcut. droef, turbidus, feculcntus; if not from the same orli^in with Dram, q. v. Drumb- Ifd is used in the same sense, A. Bor. 77ic ale is drumhlcd, i. e. disturbed, muddy. " Look how vou drumbtr," Shaksp. i, e. how confused you are. Lambe's Notes, Batt. Flotldon, p. 71. Druve CuiDb. " a muddy river;" Gl. Grose. ' D U A -1. Confused ; applied to the mind. The i\Iuse ne'er cares ^ Fur siller, or sic giiilcfu' wares, ■\Vi' whilk we drumli/ grow, and crabbit, Dour, capcrnoited, tlirawin gabbit; Anil blither, sister, friend and fae, Without remeid o' kindred, slae. Fcrgussoii^i Poems, ii. 90. 5. Troubled, applied to the state of public matters, S. "• This was about the time appointed for our Par- liament in the midst of May. We little expecied the holding of it in so drumly a season." Baillie's Lett, i. 163. To DRUNE, V. n. To low in a hollow or depres- sed tone ; to moan, or complain with a low and murmuring voice. To drum Hie a cow, Ang. Cray II, crune, synon. ]sl. dryn-ia, mugire, Sw. droen-u. Droeiia sojn en tiur, to bellow as a bull ; gaa ocli droena, to go moping; Widcg. Isl. f/)-j//(, mugitiis ; Vcrel. Ind. Drunt, s. a drawling mode of enunciation, S. Isl. (//•«;?.;-, mugitus ; drungin, ravus et grandis soniis; G. Andr. p. 55. Dan. drunt-er, however, signifies to loiter, to linger. V. Dnwr. DRUNT, s. Pet, sour humour, S. strunt, strue^ synon. — Mullic, nae doubt, took the drunt, To be compar'd to W'illie. Burns, iii. 129. Sibb. refers to " Sw. drunt, emansor," a truant. But it seems rather allied to O. Fland. drinl-eii, to swell, turgere, tumescere; which may be from the same root with Isl. dramb, pride, fastus, superbia. DRUSH, .f. Atoms, fragments, synon. smash. He hit her on the shouder, That he dang't all to drush like powder, He laid it on so sicker. Watsoii's Coll. i. 44. This word seems radically related to MocsG. drauhsna, a crumb, a fragment ; from drius-an, io fall ; whence draus, drus, casus, ruina, and draus. jiin, af-draus.jan, ex alto precipitare ; also, Su.G. dross.a, cadere; and jierhaps Mvlg. ge-druysch, im- raanis fragor magnac aiicujus molis ex iinproviso di- ruptae ac procidentis; Jun. Goth. Gl. To DRUTTLE, v.n. l. To be slow in motion, to make little progress in walking ; Druttliiiy slow, S. 2. To trifle about any thing in which one is en- gaged, S. Teut. dreulcLen, pumilionis passus facere, gradi instar nani ; Kilian. Germ, drottcl.n, trotleUn, to walk in a slow and lazy manner, like one who is fatigued. This Wachter derives from Su.G. trott, troett, lassus, troett-a, fatigare, corresponding to RIoesG. ns.trud-jan, fatigari, Su.G. tryt-a. io vex, foer.tryl.a, to be slow. Isl. trutill, curso parvulus j from trite cursito. DRWRY, V. Drouery. DUALM, DWALM, Dwaum, s. i. A swoon, S. But toil and heat so overpowr'd her pith, That she grew tabetless, and swarft therewith: — At last the dmaum yeed frac her bit and bit, And she begins to draw her limbs and sit. Ross's Heknore, p. 25. DUG 2. A sudden fit of sickness, S. The (lay it was si-t, anil the bridal (o be, The wife took a dxaiii, and lay down lo die ; She inain'd and she grain'd out of dolour and jjaln. Ritso'i's i>. Songs, i. 129. lindd. renders dualinij/ig., levis aninii defectus, justly observing that it is synon. with C qualm, ivhich Skinner delines, deli(iuiiim animi brevior. But the former is mistaken in vitMving both these terms as from tlie same origin. He has not ol)served, that the very word dttalm is mentioned by Junius, and ex])l. nearly in the same manner. Willeramo dualiii est calig;o mentis qiiodam veluti slupore cor- reptae ; Gl. Golli. He refers to Belg. bcdicelmihci^d as synon. ; and views both as allied to MoesG. dicu- la, stultus, fatuus, d\ulm-on, iiisanirc, A. S. dicol- ian, dtccl-idii, errare, vagari, Alem. duel-en, Belg. dauel-en ,• vo. Dauld. Teut. bcdaclm-cn, concide. re animo, deficere animo, exanimari, vertigine cor. ripi ; Kilian. Wachter derives dmulm from Germ. dole/!, du:al-cn, stupcre, stupiduni esse. This word has, indeed, the same affinities with Doii.'n, q. v. DUALMYNG, DWAUMING, ,r. 1. A SWOOn. — To the ground all raangit fell scho doun, And lay ane lang time in ane dedely swown, Or ony spechc or word scho mycht furth bringe; Yit thus at last said eftir hir dualmyn^. Doug. Virgil, 78. 18. V. Dualm. 2. It is metaph. applied to the failure of light, the fall of evening, S. B. Ae evening,^ just 'bout dmaitming o' the light, An auld-like carle sfeppit in, bedeen. Sliirrefs' Poems, p. 144. DUB, s. 1. A small pool of rain-water, a pud- dle, S. A. Bor. -He Ane standand stank semyt for to be. Or than a smoith pule, or dub, loun and fare. Doug. Virgil, 243. 3. The cry was so ugly of elfs, apes and owles, That geese and gaisling cryes and craiks, In dubs douks down with duiks and draiks. Poliaart, Watson's Coll. iii. 21. 22. 2. A gutter, S. Ir. dob, a gutter; Celt, dubh, canal. Bullet. The root perhaps is Isl. dy, lacuna, sen parva aquae scatebra; G. Andr. p. 49. Locus voraginosus, paludiuosus ; Verel. Ind. The latter mentions Sw. diup as a synon. term, as well as Isl. dok. DUBLAR, s. My berne, scho sayis, hes of hir awin, — Dischis and dublaris nyne or ten. Bannati/ne Poems, p. 158. st. 3. V. Dibleb. DUCHERY, s. Dukedom, dutchy. " Robert Duk of Normandy deceissit but ony succession of his body, be quhais deith the ducherj/ come to Hary Bewcleir his brothir." Bellend. Cron. B. xii. c. 17. Fr. duchc, id. DUCK, s. A leader. V. Duke. DUCK, s. Sail-cloth. V. DoocK. DUD, i. 1. A rag, S. ; duds., rags, A. Bor. " Every dud bids another good day ;" S. ProT. ''spoken of people in rags and tatters ;" Kelly, p. 109. DUD This choice is just as unco as the last, A hair-brain'd little ane wagging a' wi' dud.--. Jios.y's Hrlenorc, p. 40. Hence duiltj (/Mf/,thedish-clouc ; S. B. because, af it is generally a tattered cloth, it is in constant use. 2. Dudr, dudds, pi. Clothing, that especially which is of inferior quality, S. Duds, clothes'; dudman, a scarecrow ; also, a ragged fellow ; West. E. V. Gl. Grose. I Jar nocht cum you mercat to, I am so evvil sone-brint ; Among yon marcliands my dudds do ? Pchlis to the Plai/, St. 4. Shame and sorrow on her snout, that sutt'ers thee to suck, Or when thy duds arc bedirten, that gives them adouk. Polwurt, IVaison's Coll. p. 15. But or thay twynd iiim and iiis dudis. The tyme of none was tareit. Chron. S. P. i. 3Sl. i. e. It was past midday before they stripped hisn of his clotlies. Shaw mentions Gael, dud, a rag, and dadach, rag- ged. This may be allied to C. B. diod, to put oft, exuere ; Davies. But the word is most probably of Goth, origin. Isl. dude denotes a lighter kind of clothing, indumentum levioris generis ; Ad dude cin upp, levidensa alium Tcstire. Gr. e»5i/« has been mentioned as allied. Belg. tod, todde, a rag. As dads is commonly used by the vulgar to de- note the clothes worn by them when at work, it seems to be the same with the Isl. word. It may have been transferred to rags, as the secondary sense, because people are not nice about their work- ing apparel, and often wear it after it is tattered. Could we suppose that the Isl. word had ever sig. niiicd rags, we might deduce it from dt/a, imperf. dude, pendere facio ; dudis, motabat, quassabatur, ((t. Andr. p. 60. 51) as rags or tatters are shaken by the wind, or by the motion of the wearer. DuDDY, adj. Ragged, S. There little love or canty cheer can come Frae duddij doublets, and a pantry toom. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 81. DUDDROUN, s. Schaw me thy name, Duddroun, with diligence. hyndsaj), Pink. S. P. R. ii. 53. " Ragged slut," Pink. Bot to indyte how that Duddroun was drcst. Drowpit with dregs, quhinperand with mony quhrine. That proces to report it war ane pyne. Lyndsay's IVarkis, 1 592, p. 298. Mony sweir bumbard belly-huddroun, Mony shite daw, and slepy duddroun, Him servit ay with sounyie. Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 29. st. 7. Lord Ilailes thinks that " it means a ghost, from A. S. dydrunyha, [more properly, dyderunga"] phantasma." But the learned writer has been mis- led by mere similarity of sound. It may signify, tatterdemalion, a person in rags, from Dud, q. t. This view would agree tolerably well with the con- nexion. It seems doubtful, however, whether it ^ DUE docs uoJ rather denote a sluggard ; as allied (o Isl. dudr.a, tu act in a remiss and slovenly manner ; faclito, pro rcmissa ct tcnui aclione jionitur ; iliidur, remissa ac segnia opera ; G. Andr. p. 51. DUDE, for ih if, S. Hot ihay that did mak this ordoiir, I trow sail prouo it to bo gudc : The Clerk said, Qulia is he will dude ? Dial. Ckrk and Courteour, p. 28. To DUEL, Duel, Dueix, Dwell, v. n. l. To delay, to tarry, to procrastinate. Brasand and halesand fhay duel al nyclit and day. Dous- f''if;il, 153. 39. Morantur, Virg. " Do nay," quoth scho, " ye t/zccll too L-iii:;." Maitlund Poems, p. 190. i!. To continue in any state or situation, to re- main. Schyr Ttioinas Juclt fechland Quliar Sthyr llautF, as befor said I, "Withdrew him. BarboKi; xviii. 434. MS. i. To cease or rest ; used obliquely. Qiiliat set yow thu?, sclio said, so God yow saifT, Fra violent wcr at ye lik nociit to dacll ? IVallacc, viii. 1322. MS. 4. Dwtli Ithirid is used passively, as eq^uivalent to lift bibinJ. The Erie of the Lcuenax was, — Lt-icjjl Lehynd with his galay Till the King wes fcr on his way. (}uhen that thai oil' his ciintre Wyst that so dtiell bchynd was he, Be sc with scliippys thai him soucht. Barbour, iii. 596. MS. It frequently occurs in O. E. as signifying to tar. ry ; and also to remain. And prayed them for to Ju:ell And llicyr avcnturcs to tell. Rom. 11. Cueur de Li/on. Of them, that wry ten us to fore The bokcs daelie. Gu!cai; Conf. Jm. Prol. Fol. i. And ye wollc a while duel/e, Of bold bataillos I wole you telle. Oluel, Auchinleck, MS. V. Sir Trisfrem, Intr. cxxi. Alcin. dmial-cn, Sn.G. dwal.a, dvcael-ias, Dan. dicul-tr, id. Isl. duel, nioror, cunctor. Here we discoTcr ihc primary signifitation of E. d::cll. Ihro derives So.G. ffc:r//-(i from rfcra^rJ, stupor, as pri. marily denoting stupidity of uiind, then, Uuctuation and dilay. Duelling, J. Delay, tarrying. (iuhtn that the King htrd that tithing, lie arniyt him, but uiar duelling. Harbour, vii. 505. AIS. V. the u. Godwin unjustly cuosurcs Ch.-iucor for his use of thi< word, in rondtring ihc follo'viiig verse of Moq. tii\\\%'\n'K\iVuH\oltUio Philu.wphiae. I'rotrahit in- fralas impia vua moroi. " Mync unpitous life draweth aloii;; mi-naWo dwell^ngcs." " Htre " »ays the Ijiogr-iphical writer, " if wc should alTirra tiut Chauctr lumivM u»«iuc6»ionably understood tbe D U L last word of the line, we" must at least admit that his version would never convey the true sense to a mere English reader, and that the word da-ellt/nges must be interpreted by such a person, notasadeno. mination of time, which is its meaning in Boethius, but as a denomination of place." Life of Chauc. ii. 82. 83. Not only did Chaucer himself understand the Lat. word, but the sense he gave of it -was strictly proper, according to the use of the term du:ellijnge in that age. Ancient writers, however, are often censured by tiie moderns, merely in consequence cf the partial information of their judges. DUERGH, .r. A dwarf. Ane Diiergh braydit about, besity and bane, Small birdis on broche, he anc brigh fyre. — Than dynnyt the Ducrgh in angir and yre. Gazi-an andGol. i. 7. V. Droicii. DUKE, Duck, s. A leader, a general. Duke Hannibal, as many authors wrait, Throw Spenyie came be mony a passage strait. Vertiie and Vyce, Evergreen^ i. 45. Dcrc Duclii. V. Gyre Falcons. Here the terra is evidently used according to the sense of Lat. dux. DUKE, DuiK, s. A duck, S. Thre dajis in dub aniang the dukis He did with dirt him hyde. BunnatTjne Pocnn:, p. 22. st. 15. V. DcB. DULCE, aJJ. Sweet ; Lat. dukis. — In that bulk thair is na heresie, Bot Christis word, right duke and redolent. Lyndsai), S. P. 71. ii. 131. DULDER, s. Any thing large, S. B, daalder, a slice. To DULE, V, n. To grieve, to lament. Belg. -Certis, we wemeii "VVe set us all fra the sichte to syle men of treiith : We dale for na evil deidis saw it be device halden. Dunbar, Mail/and Poems, p. 61. Fr. doul-oir, Lat. do/.ere. DuLE, DooL, s. Grief, S. ; dole, E. iMakbeth -Fynlayk and Lulawch fule Oure-drevyn had all tharc dayis in dule. IVj/nlozen, vii. 1. 4. " Tosingdool," to lament, to mourn; Shirrt G4. The term is sometimes used adjectively. " Efter proscriptioun of the men, come syndry la- dyis of Scotland arrayit in thair dale habit^ for doloure of thair Ir.isbatidis, quhilkis war slane in this last battall." Bollend. Cron. B. vi. c. 18. How many fercteris and dule habit is schyne Sal (hou behald! Doug. Virgil, 197. 32. Fr. dueil, Ga.Q\. doilghios,C. ^. dolur ; aXl isom Lat. dolor, id. DULE, DooL, s. The goal in a game. The term is most commonly used in pi. — Fresthe men come, and hailit the (/»/<>, And dang thauie doun in dailisi . Chr. Kirk, st. 1%. " A ^vcll-known phrase at foot ball. When the brvll touches the goal or mark, the winner calls out, Hsil ! or it has hail'd the duie." Tytlee, . p. 187. D U M Tljo ietm is lierc used figuratively, to dciu>ta vlc'o. rj ill liglil- " Tke v(>jcct of (he married men was to hang it, [tlie ball] i. e. to put it three times iiUo a sjiia!! bole ill the moor, the iluol or limit on the cue hand ; that of the balchelor's was to drown it ; i. c. to 4ip it three times iiiio a deep place iu the river, the liiuit on the other." 1'. Scoue, Perths. Statist. Ace. ](riii. S8. " In the garae of golf as anciently played, whei^ the ball readied the mark, the winner, to announce his victory, called. Hail dulc ! Chron. S. V. ii. 370, N. Sibb. has properly observed, (hat Tcut. doel is aggesta terram in quam sagittarii jaculantursagittas ; and docl-pimic, scopus, or the mark. O. E. (/i le seems to have been used in a sense nearly allied to our efulc. " The Cura(c, at certain and convenient places, shall admonish the people to give thanks to God, in (he beholding of Cod's benefits ; for (he iurrease and abundance of his fruits upon the face of the earth, with the saying of the 103d Fsalin, iS:c. at which (Ime the Minister shall inculcate these or such sentences. ' Cursed be he that translateth the hounds and dolei of his neighbour." Injunct. 19 Eliz. ap. Brand's Pop. Aulin. p. 26(). Phillips defines doles or e/ooli, '• certain balks or slips of pasture left between the furrows in plough'd lands ;" Diet. DULL, s. Hard of hearing ; a common Scoticlsm. '• Dull, used erroneously for deaf." Sir John Sinclair's Observ p. 101. DULLY, ^^^ V. Dolly. DULSE, aJJ. Dull, heavy, S. B. ; most proba- bly from Isl. dollsa, appendere ignavum, G. Andr. p. 60. DULSE, s. The fucus, a species of sea-weed which is eaten in S. " Dulse is of a reddish brown colour, about ten or twelve inches long, and about half an Inch in breadth : it is eat raw, and then reckoned to be loosening, and very good for the sight ; but if boiled, it proves more loosening, if the juice be drank with it." Martin's Western Isl. p. 149. " Fishermen — go to the rocks at low tide, and gather the fucus palmatus, dulse; fucus esculentus, bttdderlock ; and fucus pinnatifidus, pepper dulse, which are relished in this part of the country, and sell them." P. Nigg, Aberd. Statist. Ace. vii. 207. " Palmated or sweet Fucus. Anglis. Dulse or Dils. Scotis." Lightfoot, p. 933. " Jagged Fucus, Anglis. Pepper Dulse. Scotis." Ibid. p. 953. " Ulva montana. Mountain Laver. Anglis. Mountain Dulse. Scottis." Ibid. p. 973. Gael, duilliasg, Ir. dulisi, id. It might almost seem to have received its name from Isl. dolls-a men- tioned above, which also signifies, to hang loose, haerens appendere, pendulum ; as it adheres in this manner to the rocks. DUM TAM, a bunch of clothes on a beggar's back, under his coat, S B. This seems to Ite a cant phrase, denoting that al- DUN though th!5 is carried as beggars carry thtir thiU dren, it is a mule. To DUMFOUNDER, v. a. To confuse, S., tr» stupify, to stim ; used both as to the body and the mind, denoting either the effect of a fall, or a blow, or of a powerful argument, S. ; dumbfounded, perplexed, confounded, A. Bor! Johns, only mentions dumb as the origin-. Uut this seems awkwardly coupled with Fr.fondre. to fall ; whence E. founder. Perhaps the first part of the word is frora Dan. duin stu))id. DUMBIE, J-. pron. Dumtnie. One who is dumb, S. — In the end these furions cryers Stood silent like Observant Friars, Or like to Dumbies making sisns. Colvil's Mod Poem, P. ii. p. 2*2. Auld gabbet Spec, — was sae cunning. To be a dummie ten years rnnning. Ramsay s Poems, ii. 3f)2. " Dummie cannalie;" Ferguson's S. Prov. p. 10. " Let the bypast life of a man praise him in bis death: all men are Ivors, hut Dummie cannot l^e?' Z. Boyd's Last Batt'ell, p. 1019. It may deserve to be noticed here, that Ileb. en, dum signifies, siluit, DUT damam, id. DUWMOND. V. DiNMONT. To DUMP, V. a. To beat, to strike with the feet, Ang. This is so nearly allied, both in sound and sense, to E. thump, that it seems radically the same word. The latter is derived, according to Skinner, from Ital. thumbo, a powerful and sonorous stroke. This, as well as the S. and E. verbs are most pro» bably allied to Sw. domp-a, rudius palpare, damp. a vel dimpa, praeccps cadere.Seren. vo. Thump, N. DUMPY, adj. Short and thick. It is also used as a s., S. Isl. doonip, ancillula crassa et gravis, G. Andr. p. 4G. The phrase, a thumping boy, applied to a lusty wellgrown boy, ought perhaps to be traced to the same origin. DUMSCUM, s. A game of children, muck the same z^pallall, or the beds. DUN, s. A hill, eminence, S. " There are four or five moats in different parts of the parish : one of vvhich, (the Dun of Bore, land), is very remarkable." P. Borgue, Kirkcudb. Statist. Ace. si. 40. " No word in the English language accurately determines the form of that rising ground, which is known in Scotland by the Celtic terra, dun." Sta- tist. Ace. vii. 615. This word has the same signification in Celt, and A. S. In Belg. duj/n is a down or sandy hill. There is no sufficient reason, therefore, to suppose that, wherever this term is found in the composition of the name of a place in S., it must have been im- posed by the Celts. Dunholm was theA.S. name of Durham, from dun, mons, and holm, insula amnica. There is still Dunmoir in Essex, Dunstable in Bedfords., Dumeick in Sussex, Dunkirk in the Netherlands, &c. &c. A. S, dun-elfas, the fairies of the mountains ; dun-sactas, inhabitants, of the mountains ; dun-land, hilly ground ; Oliuetes dune, DUN mount Olivet, Mat. xxvi. 30. Somncr. hon'crcr, a„d CluTcrii.-., view (his as raJicaliy a Colt. word. V. Cu-rm. Antiq. Lib. i. c. 7. ii. c. 36. To DUNCH, 'J. a. To push or jog with the hst or elbow, S. ; synon. punch, jundU: Thi* i> iirfcii.cl> the sense of Tout, dons-cn; a, exulainoil by Kiliuu, pujino sivc typhae clava i.i dorso percutcro, from donsc, typha, clara typhae ; Su ti. duns.a, cum impelu ct fragorc procedeie ; dtins.a i buckcn, ad tcrram cum impetu piolabi, Ihro ; ^on. dunt, ictus. Tins is evidently allied, al- thougli not so intimately as the Teut. c. Hence, DuNCH, s. A jog, a push with the elbow, S. V. the V. DUNCH, s. One who is short and thick, S. DuNCHV, adj. Squat, short and thick, S. DUNDERHEAD, s. A blockhead, a num. skull. Loth. N. Apparently allied to Bedun- DER'D, DONNART, q. V. It may he observed, however, that Dan. dummer- hovcd is exactly synon., " a dunce, blockhead," AVoltl. DWMMYSM.\N, s. A judge. .Alycht it nevyr fall to thi fhoucht, Hi fore the rychtwys Dicmmi/s-mun Quhat that thow art to say than .' — IVijvtoicn, viii. 5. 201. This resembles A.S. d^mi/s-daeg, doomsday, or tli«- day of judsjment ; Sw. domaic, a judge. DWN,/)v^r. of the V. Do. This word is frequently used by Wynt. as the fret, or yiirf. pa., like A. S. don, which admits of various senses in which the E. v. do is not used. In yrcsnxinc dicn, killed in prison. Edward cald of Cariiarwcn — Takyn scho gcrt be rycht swne, And gert hym in presotcnc depe be dixne. Wjintuxcn, viii. 22. 40. DUNGEON of wit, a phrase common in S. explained in the following extract. " Bfforc. Dr. Johnson came to breakfast, Lady Lothbury said, ' he was a dungeon of wit,' a very common phrase in S. to express a profoundness of intellect, though he afterwards told me that he had never heard Vt." Boswell's .Touni. p. 428. 429. It mu5t be remembered, however, for the honour of our Scottish intellects, that the allusion is only to the depth, not to the darkness of a dungeon. DuiigiuNiiblt\ shrewd, A. Bor. Gl. Grose. J3UNGER1NG, s. The dungeon of a castle, or place for confining prisoners. Slollin he hes the la ' . yiug, Aw.iy with her is gane : And kisf hir in his diinf^ering, Quhaii lii:ht sciiJ micht se nane. Pink. S.. P. R. iii. p. 190. st. 3. V. DvuHgcuun, wheure this bv corr. DUNIWASSAL, DuNiwEssLt, Duin-was- SAL, s. 1. A nobleman. Sprae. Sir, of ouf Dunhccysles Stood oirt, like Kgliiiglouii and Catisils, And utlnrs, stririiig to sit still, Wtrt ftirc'd to go agiln-it their will. Cohil's Mod Foeniy P. L p. 57. DUN 2. A yeoman, a gentleman of a secondary rank. Among the Highlanders, it seems to denote a cadet of a family of rank, who receives his title from the land which he occupies, although he holds it at the will of the chieftain. " He was born a duin-isassal, or gentleman ; she a vassal or commoner of an inferior tribe : and whilst ancient manners and customs were religiously adhered to by a primitive people, the two classes kept perfectly tinraixed in their alliances." Gar. net's Tour, i. 200. Borland and his men's coming. The Canirons and M'Lcans' coming, The Gordons and M'Gregor's coming, A' the Ditnj/wastles coming. Rttson's S. Songs, ii. 55. " i. c. Highland lairds or gentlemen," Note. 3. A term, as I am informed, used to denote the lower class of farmers ; and generally in a con- temptuous way, Ayrs. Gael, dtiine a man, and uas(d, noble, well-born, from uais, id. ; whence uaidc, nobility, gentry. To DUNNER, Dunder, -j. n. " To make a noise like thunder," Gl. Sibb. V. BEDuy- der'd. To DUNT, v. a. To strike so as to produce a dull hollow sound, S. — He dunicd o' the kist, the buirds did flee. Jainieson^s Popular Ball. i. 304. To Dunt any thing out, used metaph. 1. To bring any business to a termination, S. Then said the Scjuire, I wiss we hed the priest, I'm thinking Lindy's all this time in jest; We sud dunt out the boddom o't ere lang, Nor Lindy mair be chargeable with wrang. Ross's fldcnore, p. 106. But there is ae thing I'd hae dunted out. And I nae mair sail say this threap about. Ibid. p. 115. 2. To come to a thorough explanation, when there has been a previous umbrage ; to go over the grounds of dissatisfaction that one has with ano- ther, and make an end of it, S. Here there seems to be an alhision to the act of striking upon a cask, till the bottom be driven our. Su.G. dunt, ictus ; Isl. dyn^ dunda, tono, dun-a, resonare, from di/n-an, streperc, to din. Thus it appears, that, as in S. the term suggests the idea of the sound emitted, it has originally included (he self-same idea ; whence dint-ur, concussatio ; A. S. dtint, ictus. Ihre views Lat. tundo as a cognate term. To DtJNT, V. n. To beat, to palpitate. Ml/ heuiCs aw dunlin, S., my heart beats violently. I'm sure my heart will ne'er gi'e o'er to dunt, Till in a fat tar-barrel Mause be burnt. Ram.''r/i/\<: Poans, ii. 171. Originally, I suppose, bnuif. But wi' revenge their hearts had dunted Like ony mell. Shirrefs' Poemf, p. 262. Instead of this v., dunka, a derivative frotadunt, D U R D U S Is used in Su.G. Hiertat dnniar, cor palpltat., id. Isl. V. Vercl. p. 54. DuNT, DouNT, s. 1. A Stroke, such especially as causes a flat and hollow sound, S. Doug. uses Dount. V. Bellak. Ane utlicr stert upon his fcit, And said, Thow art our blunt To tak sik office upoun hand; thow servite ane dunt Of me. Pebli': to the Plaij, st. 12. The king kens this : Your heavy ncives Guid inuckle diints can deal : ■NVi' courage and guid counsel, we Can wrang our faes mair leal. Poemi in the Biichan Dialect, p. 36. Dinit is used in this sense by II. Glouc. Wyth hard dunt & gret yrc to gadere suththe hii come. — And smyte eyther other her & thcr, & hard duntes caste. P. 185. 2. Palpitation of the heart. For fear she cow'r'd like maukin in the seat, And dunt for dunt, her heart began to beat. Ross\'i Ue/envre, p. 62. In this sense wc speak of a dunt proceeding from lore, S. Isl. dunt, a stroke given to the back or breast, so as to produce a sound, although there be no cll'usion of blood ; Verel. DuNTiNG, s. A continued beating, so as to cause a hollow sound ; such as that produced by a wooden instrument, or by a stroke on wood, S. This word frequently signifies, not the striking only, but the sound caused by it. " We were compelled to fortifie the doors and stairs, and be spectators of that strange hurly buily for the space of an hour, beholding with torch. light forth of the Duke's Gallery, their reeling, their ruin, bling with halberts, the clacking of their culvcrius and pistols, the dunting of mells and hammers, and their crying for justice." Melvil's Mem. p. 197. DUNTER-GOOSE, i. The Eider duck, anas mollissima ; Linn. Dunter goose, Sibb. Scot. Lib. 3. p. 21. " They have plenty both of land and sea fowls : as Eagles, Hawks, Ember-GoOse, Claik-Goose, Dunter-Goose, Solen-Goose." Brand's Orkn. p. 21. Perhaps q. dun-eider goose, the goose which has eider d(i:cn ; or Su.G. dun, down, and tacr-a to gnaw, whence E. tear, because it plucks the down from its breast as often as it lays its eggs. DUNTY, s. <■<■ A doxy," Gl. Ramsay. DUNZE. V. DoYN. DUR, Dure, c. Door. Scho gat hym wyth-in the dure. fVi/i!to:en, viii. 12. 69. A. S. durfi, Alcm. Isl. dtir, MoesG. daur. Belg. dfiir. DURGY, adj. Thick, gross. Loth., as, a durgy man, one who is squat and strongly made. There can be little doubt that this is, originally the same with Isl. driug.r densus, jugiter vigens. iyryg, denso. DURK, s. A dagger, S. What slaughter made I wi' my durk, Amo' Sarpcdon's trooji ! Poems in the Jhichan Dialect, p. 26. Dirk is used in the same sense by E. w rite rs. Dr Johns, says this is " an Earse word." Shaw men. tions it under Poniard. But Lhuyd seems to have been a stranger to it. Sibb. expl. durk, ''• pro- perly concealed dagger. Teut. dolck, sica ; from Sw. doiia, colare, occultare." It is not improbable that it is radically a Goth, word, especially as Isl. daur signifies a sword. To Durk, v. a. l. To stab with a dagger, S. Had it not been for the Lifeguard, She would have dinkt him, when she saw He keeped so the Laird in aw. Cleland's Poems, p. 15. 2. To spoil, to ruin, S. stici, synon. Dirh is used in the same sense by Spenser. To DURKEN, v. a. « To affright," Pink. All the deeren in the delles Thci durken and dare. Sir Gaisan and Sir Gal. i. 4. Sibb. writes this also deirken ; q. eirken, from eiry, fearful." This is by no means a natural ety. mon. Dare here seems the same with dere, to hurt. It is also probable that durken conveys the same idea : the one bi-ing formed from A. S. daer-ian, der-ian ; the other from derig.ian, nocere. To DUSCH, ■:'. n. l. To rush, to move with ve- locity. On thame we schout, and in thaj myd rout dusckit, Ilewit, hakkit, smyte doun, and all to fruschit Thay fey Gregiouns. Doug. Virgil, 51. 52. Irruimus, Virg. The fleand schaft Italiane to his hart Glidand, throw out the schire are duschil sone. Ibid. 303. 7. Volat, Virg. ix. G98. 2. To make a noise in consequence of motion, to twang. The flane flaw fast with ane spang fra the string, Throw out the wame and entrellis all but stynt, The scharp hedit schaft duschit with the dynt. Doug. Virgil, 225. 1. Perque uterura sonitu perque ilia vcnit arundo. Virg. vii. 499. 3. To dusch doun. To fall with a noise. Doun duschis he in dede thraw all forloist, The warme blude furth bokkand of his coist. Doug. Virgil, 291. 13. Rudd. renders this, to fall upon, to attack ; observ. ing that it is much the same with E. dufh. To this Sibb. assents; adding, "from Dan. dusk, a blow, or attack." But as dash is allied to this Dan. term, and also to Su.G. dask-a, to strike, to beat ; our word is far more analogous to Germ, dos- cu, strepitum edere, quaticndo, cadendo, currendo, vel alio quovis raodo ; Wachter. This is nearly the same with Teut. does-en, pulsarc cum impetu et fra. gore; Kilian. To this corresponds Isl. thoys-a, thus-a, thys-a, tumultuosc proruere ; VereJ. Tha thusti bonder at kongi; Turn rustici cum strepito. Z z. D U S prdum promoTobant Tcrsus rcgem ; Ildras Kring. T. 1. i>. 1»5. V. they. DuscHE, /. 1. A fall; as including the crash made by it. The hiriiaiul towris doun rollis with anc rn«clit>, Qutiil all the hoiiynnvs dvnlit with the dtischc. Doug, lii-gil, '296. 35. Coclum tonat omw J'ragore. Firg. ix. 541. 2. A Stroke, a blow. Willi mony laschc and dwche Tlif cariaris siiiatc lliare hors fast in tcne. Doug. I'iigil, 132. 23. Barbour uses it as synon. with ilijnt. — lio, thai in his sterapys stud, AVith the ax, th.it wcs hard and giid, >Vilh sa gret mayne raucht hyni a djjnt, That nothyr hat na helm mycht styiit The hcwy (lusche, that he him garo. liriice, xii. 55. V. also xiii. 147. Wyntown writes it dicj/hf>. Than thai la) id on du-i/hs for dicj/hs, Mony a rap, and niony a brwhs. Cron. Tiii. 16. 119. Sii.G. (fi/j/, tumultiis, fragor; Isl. /%f, Alem. (hut, do: ; dcro iiiiellono doz, f^a^or iindariim. It is evidently ihe same word that is now pronounced Dtii/cc. (/()»«>, q. T. DU.SCHET, DussiE, s. " A sort of musical in- strument, probably the doucete of Lydgate, or douccd of Chaucer." Gl. Sibb. Fra lIa1i^las sonc hard (his thing, He loned his diissie for a spring. Legend Bp. St Androis, Poems I6lh Cent. p. 315. Colgr. menlions Fr. ttoiissaine, a certain musical instrument ; from Lat. dulcis, as in latter times diil- n'mer.'^ DUSCHET, DussiE, s. An indorsement, a docket. Bot for to tell what test he tuke Dyscrlis Dtischct was the buike. — He — gat his Ict/iis in his hand. This beand done, as I have said, Vpon his diischct vpe he iiiaycd, Gevand the man so mony terroris, Thai brocht him in a thousand erroris, That for his lyfc was no rcmeid, Gif he abaid the law hut deid. The pure man, being lleid, for feir Gave, him llu- land, and gal na seir. Legend, Up. St Jndrois. Poems 16th Cent. p. 312. 317. Fr. down-er, to indorse. To DUSH, V. a. " To push as a ram, ox, &.c." S. la, pollen ; Kilian. DUST of lint, the particles which fly from flax when it is dressed, S. ; synon. stuff'. Teut. donst, synon. doest, lanugo linlei. DUSTIE.FUTE, Dustifit, s. i. A pedlar, or hawker ; " ane merchand or creamer, quha hes na certain dwelling place, quhair the dust may be dicht fra his feete or schone," Skene. 2. A stranger, one who is not resident in a coun- try ; equivalent to Fairand-man. This is only a secondary sense ; for Skene says that the term speciallie denotes " ane merchand," &c. " Ane day being assigned to the parties be the law of Fairand-man, or Dustijtit, for compeirance in court ; gif the persewer is absent at the day, he sail be in ane amerciament, tine his dame and action ; and the defender sail pasSe frie, and be essolyied." Burrow Lawes, c. 140. 3. It is used still more obliquely, in the sense of revelry. For Ditstifit and Bob at euin Do sa incresse, lies driuen sum of them to tciu, For all their Mcs. Spec. Godly Ball. p. 41. This term is evidently a literal translation of Fr. jyied poudreiix, which, as the Editors of Diet. Trev. observe, se dit des vagabonds et des etrangers incon- nus, qu'on a appelles dans la basse Lafinite, Pede- putceroH: ce qui se disoit particulierement des Marchands qui venoient trafiquer dans los Foires. A particular court was appointed to take cognisance of all causes in which they were concerned. This in O. E. is called Pie-poicder ; as Diisfj/.fufe is used in the same sense as in S. V. Spclman and Cowcl. To DUTE, Dutt, v. n. To dose, to slumber, to be in a sleepy state, S. B. It is generally used in this connexion. To dutt and sleep. Isl. f/o//.«, dulcem somnura capere; V'erel. Belg. dutt-en, to set a nodduig. E. dote, although dif- ferent, seems to be from the same root, which is Isl. daa, dcliquium. DuT, s. A stupid fellow. Auld dut is a phrase applied to one enfeibltd by age, especially if the mental faculties be impaired, S. B. Dan. doide. stupidus ; Goth, ditti, auimi remis- sio, iMs^. d'll, delirium, dutt-en, dehrare ; whence R. dote and dotard. V. the preceding v, and Doitj Doiiii. D W A D WABLE, DwEBtE, adj. Weak, flexible, lim- ber. The limbs are said to be dwable, when the knees bend under one, or the legs have not strength to support the body, S. And now for faut and mister she was spent, As water weak, and diceble like a bent. Ross's Hi'leiwre, p. 25. Fancy might discover a strong resemblance to Lat. debil-is, feeble. But most probably it is merely ac. cidental. It might be derived from A. S. ttce-feald, duplex, were not this word also used in a sense near. ly allied ; it being said of one, who, from weakness or habit, does not walk erect, that he gangs iti^a- Jald. It may, however, be merely Su.G. dubbelf double. DWALM, DwAUM, s. V. Doalm. To DWANG, V. a. l. To oppress bj too much labour ; Dwa/ig'd with wat-i, S. B. 2. To bear a burden, or draw, unequally. One horse in a plough, or one ox under the yoke, is in this sense said to dwang another, S. B. 3. To harass by ill-humour, S. B. It is rendered, " to bang, vanquish or overcome," Shirr. Gl. Belg. diaing-en, to force, to constrain ; Teut. dwingh-en, cogerc, domare, impellere; etarctare; dwing.dienst, scTvitus coacti; Kilian. Belg. dzcang, force, constraint. A. S. /rc2n|^-«7?, to force ; Alem. duuing-an, thuuing-an, Su.G. tieing.a, id. also to press, to straiten. Shirr, mentions dzsang'd as signifying " bowed, decrepid," Gl. To Dwang, v. n. To toil, S. B. He starts and throws from him his »hears, thiin. ble, &c. Trash, hence frae me, nae mair wi' you I'll dteang, I'se in anither warl' be e'er lang. Morison's Poems, p. 176. Dwang, /. A rough shake or throw, S. B. D W Y To gar our bed look hale and neighbour-like. Wi' gloesome speed last week I span a tike. To mak it out my wheel got mony dioang. Morison's Poems, p. 157. DWYHS. V. DuscHE. To DwiNE, V. ft. 1. To pine away, to de- cline, especially by sickness, S. When death approaches, not to dtciiie, but die; And after death, blest with felicitiej These are my wishes. ji. Nicol's Poems, 1739. c. 100. 2. To fade, applied to nature. The breeze nae od'rous flavour brings Frae Borean cave. And dwynin Nature droops her wings Wi' visage grave. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 11. 3. To decline, in whatever respect, S. The staik indeed is unco' great, But name Ulysses to it ancs, The worth quite dwines away. Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 3. This word, in sense 1., occurs in O. E. " And then hee sickned more and more, and dried and disined away." Hist, of Prince Arthur, 3d part, chap. 175. Divers. Purley, ii. 207. Teut. dicyn-en, attenuare, extcnuare; deficere ; Isl. dwi/n.a, Su.G. tann-a, desino, diminuor; A. S. diciii-an, tabescere, thiein.un, decrescere, minui. To DwYN, V. a. To cause to languish. Nor yet had neid of ony fruit, To quench his deidlie drouth ; Quhilk pyns him and dicyns him To deid, I watc not how. Cherrie and Slae, st. 54. Constringens, Lat. vers. V. the v. n. DwYNiNG, s. A decline, a consumption, S. Isl. dicinar, diminutio; Hw. twin-sot, id. i.e. a dwining sickness ; Germ, schieind sucht, id. the d being frcquenty softened into s or sch. E. E, Ee, s. The eye ; S. ee. About hys hals ane quhissil hung had he. Was all his solace, for tinsale of his E. Doug. Virgil, 90. 42. " Quhat is the rycht keping of thir twa com- mandis ? To half ane cleir ee, and ane clein hart. A cleir ce is the rycht iugement of reasonc, and in. tcntioun of our niynd." Abp. Hamiltoun's Cate. chisme, 1551. Fol. 73. a. A. S. e«g, Isl. eiga, id. A. S. pi. eegen, Precop. eghene. Pers. ine. EA, (tdj. One. V. the letter A. To EAND, •;■. n. To breathe. V. Aynd, v. EARLEATHER-PIN, s. An iron pin former- ly used instead of a hook, on each end of the shaft of a cart, for fastening the chain by which the horse draws, Fife. The first syllable would suggest, that this pin was first used in ear-ing, or ploughing. To EARM. V. YiRM. To EARN, V. n. To coagulate ; also actively, to cause to coagulate, S. " Dan. gacr, yeast, gerende, fermenting ;" Sibb. But the idea of fermentation is very different from Zz 2 E A S that of coaguliiion. The origin is Germ, ge-rinn. en, Su.G. raenn.a, Bclg. raeiin-en, A. S. ge-runii. on, coigulare. This is only a secondary sense of the f. literally signifying to run. It is transferred to ^hat is toaL'ulaled, because thus parts of the same kind coalesce, and form one mass. This use of the :•. is retained in S. When milk curdles, we say that it liiii. But as the A.S. i: sii;nil'yin;i, to run, is often written yrn-ait, the word earn resembles it most iu this form. Earning, s. Rennet, or that which curdles milk, S. A. Bor. A. S. Rerunning, Germ. renn. Ilcnce also the E. ■word : and running, Glouccst. EARN-RLITER, Earn-bleater, j. The .Snipe ; Scolopax gallinago, Linn. S. B. earn- bliter, Gl. Shirr. She was as lly'd as ony hare at night. 'I'hc eani-bleutcr, or the muirfowl's craw, Was like to melt her very heart awa.' Roasts Ilelenore, p. 58. " The latter part of the word," according to Sibb., " may be a corr. of bitUrn, if this be not rather the true meaning of the term." But this word S. B. does not denote the bittern, which is called Mire, bumper, liltater undoubtedly respects the sound emitted. I'"or as Fennant observes concerning snipes ; " when they are disturbed much, particularly in the breeding season, they soar to a vast height, making a singular Uvuting noise. Brit. Zool. p. 449. The origin of <;n, in this connexion, is quite uneer. tain. Shall we suppose it analogous to the term frequently used, mire-snipe? Sw. oren, signi- fies miry ; (Seren.) A. S. uern a secret place. Or has it any relation to the em or eagle, as if the snipe resembled this in its soaring, while it makes a bleat, ing noise ? It is called in Sw. liors guek, most pro- bably from its cry, as if it resembled a cuckow. Acll'ric mentions A. S. luiefcn-blaeic, bugium, Gl. which Somner thinks is an error for biUeo or butio. EASING, Easingdp.af, r. That part of the roof of a house which juts over the wall, and carries off the drop, S. eavis^ E. Perhaps merely corr. from A. S. efce, id. sub. prniula ; Somner. Seren. derives the E. word from Isl. oh/ or Off, ex, or MocsG. lUjuha, Sw. aa, fluvi- iin. This term, however, as Hire observes, has been greatly varied in ditl'erent Northern languages. In Su.G. it is ops, whence opuicdrup stillicidium ; Belg. ov.f, whence ooidruj/p, huosdruyp, ikc. V. Ihre, to. Opa. To EASSIN, EisiN.'y. a. i. To desire the male. In this sense, a cow is said to be eassenin, S. 2. Metaph. used to express strong desire of any kind. Weel loes me o' you, Business, now ; For )e II weet mouy a droulliy mou', That's lang a eisning gane for you, \S'ilhoulen till, O' driblcs frae the gudc brut^u coze. Ftrgusyon'i Poems, ii. 42. Here (he allusion to the rutting of a bull is obvious. This word is also i roiiouiiced lu^e^hill, S. B. The former, I apprehend, is the original mode ; as allied to E A S Isl. 7/xna or oxna, vitula appetcns taurum ; G. Andr. p. 260. from MoesG. auhs, Isl. ose, use, a bull, A. S. esne, however, simply signifies a male. Nee. shin might be derived, but not so naturally, from Su.G. ni)dsk, nisk, avarus. Sax. nydnh, cupidus. Chaucer uses 7Je.^/^e as signifying soft; from A. S. hnescian, to soften, to assuage. It also occurs iri Gower, in the story of iphis and Araxarathen, as de- scriptive of a heart susceptible of ardent love He was to ncsshe, and she to hardc. Conf. Am. Fol. 83. b. It may deserve to be mentioned, that Isl. niosn.a signifies, to smell out, to inquire after; 01. Lex. Hun. From the eagerness of an animal in this state, as well as from the acuteness of smell, the word, by a slight transition, might be used in that sense which it bears in S. I am confirmed, however, in the idea, that the pro- per pronunciation is without the initial )i, by a pas. sage which I have met with since writing this article. " In the parishes of Caldcr, the country people call this plant [_Morxus diuboli Jlore albo^ Eastning wort, which they affirm makes cowes come to bull, ing, when they get of it amongst their meat." Pen- necuik's Tweeddale, p. 15. A similar name is given by the Dalekarlians, in Sweden, to the Butterlly Orchis. It is cMed t/xne. gracs. The reason of the designation appears from what is added by Linn. Tauri tardi provocantur in venerein hujus radicibus a Dalis. Flor. Succ. No. 793. Lightfoot says ; " The roots of this and most of the other species of orchis, are esteemed to be aiihrodisiacal ;" p. 513. EARN, J. The Eagle. V. Ern'. EARTH, s. A ploughing of land, the act of ear- ing, S. B. " Next year it is sown with barley, or Chester bear, after three earths, or furrows." P. Eccles- greig, Kincard. Statist. Ace. xi. 109. This exactly correspcmds to Sw. ard, aratio, from tter-iu, to ear ; whence also aerder, a plough. V. Seren. vo. Ear. This suggests what is perhaps the most simple etymon of Earth. V. Erd. EASTIE-WASTIE, s. An unstable person, one on whose word there can be no dependance, Ang. Q. one who veers about like the wind, or who goes first cast, and then zcest. EASTLAND, adj. Belonging to the east coun- try : from east and /and. '• Whiles our bread would be too long a- coniing, which made some of the east-lund soldiers half-mnliny." Baillie's Lett. i. 176. EASTLIN, iidj. Easterly, S. This shields the other frae the eastlin blast. Ramsai)''s Poems, ii. 84. A. S. easi-lacng, oriente ti'nus. Eastlins, adv. Eastward, S. To the gait she got ; Ay hading euit/iiis, as the ground did fa.' Ross's Ilelenore, p. 58. EASTILT. adv. Eastward, towards the East; to which wcstllt corresponds ; pronounced eas- silt, -ivessilt, Loth. E E A. S. east-daele, trest-daele, pars vel plaga orien. talis, — occidentalis. Hig cumath fram eati-daele and tccst-daele, Luk. xiii. 29. They shall come from the east, and from the west. EAT, /. The act of eating. Thus it is said that a thing is gude to the eat, when it is grateful to the taste, S.B. A. S. act, Tent, aet, at, food, eduliura. EATIN BERRIES, Juniper berries, S. B. This is the common pronunciation. But Ross writes EtnaGH, q. V. EATIR, s. V. Atir. EAVER. V. Aver, Arage. EBB, adj. Shallow, not deep, S. " O how ebb a soul have I to take in Christ's love!" Rutherford's Lett. Ep. 8. From the same origin with the E. v. and s. Ebbness, s. Shallowness. " Their — ebbness would nercr take up his depth." Rutherford's Lett. P. L ep. 137. ECCLEGRASS, Butterwort or sheeprot, Pin- guicula vulgaris, Linn. Orkney. " P. vulgaris, or common butterwort — in Ork- ney is known by the name of Ecclegrass." Neill's Tour, p. 191. Allied :)erhaps to Isl. ecke, ecki, anger, aegritu- do ; as being generally, although as would seem, un- justly, -upposed to produce the rot in sheep. ECHER, IcKER, J. An ear of corn ; S. ^l.echerls. — How feil echeris of corn thick growing Wyth the new sonnys hete birssillit dois hyng On Hermy feildis in the someris tyde. Doug. Virgil, ?34. 2 1. A. S. aecer, aecera, aechir. Genu, ahr, Su.G. aaker, MoesG. akran, id. H nee aikert, yuikert, having ears, aeel-jjaikert-corn, having full cars, Tweedd. ECHT, J. Ought; used adv. Echt lang, con- siderably long. It is thus printed Barbour, vii. 232. Pink. edit. But in MS. it is; Bot I think to se, or odit lang. Him lord and king our all the land. Thus it is still used, S. Will ye be ocht lang, will ye be tedious, or delay for any length of lime? A. '^. ah(, alicjuid. EDROPPIT, part. pa. Under the influence of the dropsy. "His waul be throw immoderat voracitewas swolin as he had bene edroppit." Bellend. Cron. B. ix. c. 21. In^Ur hydr-'pici inflatus ; Bcjeth. I need scarcely say, (hat this points out the origin. EE, s. Eye. V. E. Ee oj'ihe day, noon, mid-day, S. B. This is a beautiful metaphor, the allusion being evidently to the eye as the brightest part of the body. Ee-list, Eye-list, Eye-last, s. i. A flaw, a deformity, an eyesore. " You shall not doe araisse to set before your cwne eyes for your present use the following Arti- cles of flic Lords ."iupper, as straight rules to rectify the uncomely eye-lasts required to be introduced up- on the sound work of this sacrament." Epistle of a E E G Christian Brother, 1624. p. 12. See also Bruce's Eleven Serm. B. fol. 7. Omission, Eng. edit. 1 have outsight, and insight and credit, And from ouy eclist I'm free. Song, Ross''s Helenore, p. 147. 2. An offence. " It is known that these two lived after from thenceforth in good friendship, as prince and subject without suspicion, grudge or eyc-tist on either par- tie." Hume's Hist. Doug. p. 87. " — To this hour not the least difference, the smallest eyeiist betwixt any of us, eitlier state or church commissioners, in any thiug, either private or publick." Baillie's Lett. i. 450. 3. " A break, in a page, the beginning of a para- graph, or rather of a section or chapter," Sibb. S. This he derives from A. S. luettan, impedirc, obs- tare. But it is evidently from A. S. i-ag, oculus, and laest, defectus, "•want, defect, a lacking;'' Somner. Su.G. last, id. used both in a physical and moral sense ; last-a, to blame, to charge with a fault. Ee-stick, Eistack, s. Something rare, sin- gular, or surprising ; that which arrests the eye^ q. causes it to stick or adhere, S. Ah ! willawins for Scotland now. Whan she maun stap ilk birky's mow \Vi' eistacks, grown as '(ware in pet In foreign land, or green-house het. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 79. Or shall we suppose that the last syllabi^, is radi- cally the same with Isl. stygd an oli'ence? Ee-sweet, Eye-sweet, ad/. Acceptable. " It is easy to put religion to a market and pub- lic fair ; but alas ! it is not so soon made eye.su'eet for Christ." Rutherford's Lett. P. i. ep. 178. Ee-winkers, s. The eye-lashes. To weet one's ivinkers, S. to weep, from E. iviiik. Een, Ene, eyes; pi. of E. ee, S. His glottonyt and fordouerit e7ie tuo He closit has, and sound gart flepe also. Doug. Virgi/, 107. 8. K. James I. writes eyen. -- — Thy brestis wete Were with the teres of thyne cyen clcre. A7;i§'.v Quair, ii. 36. " Thanne he touchide her yghen.'' Wiclif, Jlat. ix, V. E. EEBREK crap, the third crop after lea ; as the second is called the awat, S. B. EEGHIE NOR OGHIE. J can hear neither eeghie nor oghie, neither one thing nor another, Ang. ; neither ocht nor uhat, synon. 'Tis time, and just the time for you to draw : For now the lads are sleeping horn hard. The door upon the dogs securely barr'd. Jchie nor ochie now ye winna hear, The best time in the warld for you to steer. Ross's Helenore, p. 53. This perhaps literally is, " neither no nor aye." For eeghie is certainly the Goth, iglt, or eiglii, not. The change of the vowel in oghie may correspond ta the alteration, either in vowels or consonants, which is so common in our language, as mish.mash, cft.v/i- E F F cloth, &c. And if il must bo viewed as of the same naaniag «ith rr-/./.-. wl.at Hue observes co'iren.mg «, .v/i and f/-^/i/, is still more applicable. I he i^u.U. ni-natin-, he sav*, is merely Gr. cv^h "on. It may be observed, however, that Su.G. ocA, ct, is^ "Hen used in thcs.n,eof etium, as expressiiig a checrlul alV.rnuiion ; MoesG. «"/-, bene. V. Och, 3. Ihre. EKKFOW, (iJj. F.qual ; also, just, Ang. This can scarcely I."- viewed as a corr. of the h. word. It seems lo have more allinity to Su.G. ckt- o, (Jerm. Belg. ihlit. jnstns. >iinilis. EKKSIK-PEI'.KSIE, oJJ. Equal, applied to tilings compared to each other, when viewed as perfectly alike ; Ang. V. preceding word. ERL. j4 nine-ee'd eel, a lamprey, S. This e\acllv corresponds to Sii.G. neionoogon, and (ierm. nciinaus^r, miirena ; i. c. having nine eyes, from the vuii^ar opinion conceriiin<; this animal. Eel-backit, atlj. A term applied to a horse of a light colour, that has a black line on liis back from the mane to the tail, S. Sn.G. mil has a similar sense. Stria nigra, quae dorsum qnornndam eqnorum a jubaad caudam tran. .sit : ratio denominatlonis sumilur a similitudiue hu- jus pisris ; Ihre, vo. Aul. EEi.rouT,/. The viviparous Blenny. V. GuFFER. EERIE, W/. Timorous. V. Enr. EFFECTUOUS, adj. Affectionate. (iif ony thocht reuiordis your niyndis alsua Of the clf'i-cliioun piete maternale, Louj hede bandis, sehaik doun your haris al. Doug, i'irgil, 221. 2. L. B. rig'ecliwf-us, id. V. Afffxtuous. To EFFEIR, V. tt. 1. To become, to fit. lie cheist a llane as did e/feir him. Clir. Kirk., St. 8. Ed. Callander. Sua all his fulsome form therelo cffcirs. The which for filth I will not (iU; your cars. l'o/:cuil, JVdt^nii's'Cull. iii. 24. 2. To be proportional to. V. Naiprie. But it is generally used impers. V. Afff.ris. Effeir, t. I. What is becoming one's rank or station. Qiihy sould thay not liavc honest weidis, To thair estail doand cffcir .^ Maitland Poems, p. 328. 2. A property, quality. Than callit scho all llouris that c;rcw on feild, Discryvinc all thair fassiouns and I'Jfx'irs. Dunbar, llnniuitijnc Poems, p. 5. st. 19. Thin, however, may signify appearance. V. Affer. To EFFFRE, Effeir, v. a. i. To fear, to be afraid of. Unmerciful! nicmberis of the Antichiist, F.xlolland \our humane tradilioun, Conlrair the iustnictioun of Christ; Kffcir ye not diuine punilioun? Lj/iidxij/'s li'tirkis, 1.592. p. 74. 2. To aflrlglit. Na wound nor wappiu niycht hym anys efjfcre. Doug. I'irgil, 387. 20. A.S. afaer-an, tcrrero. V. AFFtiiu, To Effeir, v. n. To fear. EFT Quhairfoir ejfeir that he be not offendit, Quhilk lies exaltit thee to sic honour, Of his pepill to be ana gouernour. Lyiuhaij's fVarhis, 1592. p. 194. Effray, Effrayng, X. Fear, terror. The King — saw thaim all commounaly OlT sic coutenance, and sa hardy, For owt effray or abaysing. Barbour, xi. 250. MS. And quhen the Inglis cumpany Saw on thaim cum sa sodanly Sik folk, for ow tyn abaj^yng, Thay war stonayt for effraj/ng. Ibid. ix. 599. MS. Fr. cffrajz-ir, to affright. Effrayitly, adv. Under the influence of fear. Quhen Scottis men had sene thaim swa, Effrayitly lie all thair way, In gret hy apon thaim schot thai ; And slew and tuk a gret party. The laiff fled full Lffruyitly. Barbour, xvii. 577. 580. MS. EFREST. — Braid burdis, and beakis ourbeld with ban- couris of gold, Clede our with clene claithis, Raylit full of richis, The efrcst wes the arress That ye se schold. Iloulate, iii. 3. MS. By arress, as in MS., arrace or tapestry is certain- ly meant, as Mr Pink. expl. the word. As to efrest, the sense requires that it should signify, best, most excellent; " the finest tapestry that could be seen." It seems indeed to be merely Isl. cfre,yfre, superior, used in the superlative. This in Isl. is cfstr; G. Andr. p. 56. 137. But the superlative of yppare is ypprist, ^u.G. ypper, praecellens, 3/;j;jcvrf, praesta- tis.inus; Ihre, vo. i'ppa, elevare. EFT, adv. After. Schyr Amar said, Trewis it wordis tak, Quhill eft for hym prow isioune we may raak. fl'allarc, iii. 272. MS. In Perth edit, erroneously cj'tir. F'or neuir syne with ene saw I hir eft, Nor neuer abak, fra sche was loist or reft. Doug. I'irgil, 03. 25. Tho put him forth a pylonr before Pilate and said ; This Jesus apon Jewes temple iapod k despised 'J'o fordo it on one day, and in thre da} es after Edifie it ijt new ; here he standcs that saide it. P. Ploughman, F'ol. 97. a. b. A. S. ttcjt, cjl, post. O. Sax. aupt, Isl. uptr, id. Eft castel. Eft schip, " the stern or hinder part of the ship," Rudd. And to the goddis maid this vrisoun, Sittaud in the hie ej't castdl of the schip. Doug. I'irgil, 86. 7. Furth of his eflschip anc bekin gart he stent. Ibid. 85. 47. F-. abaft is used in the same sense. V. Eft. Efti;r, Eftir, pref>. After. "With fjuhat ordour followis (he saxf command cftcr the fift?" Abp. Ilamiltoun's C'utechismc, 1551, Fol. 52, a. E Y " Bot & vre eftir Bapfj-me fal in synnis, suppose thai be neuir sa greuous and mony, we iiaue the se- cund remeid qutiilk is the sacrament of Penance." Ibid. Fol. 119, a. A. S. eftt/r, post. Mr Tooke views after as the compar. of aft, A. S. acft. Divers. Purl. i. 444. Of this 1 can see no proof. It i* opposed by the ana- logy of the cognate languages ; MoesG. of tret, Su.G. efter, anc. ijiir, Isl. epter, apttir, aeptir, Aleni. after, all having the same meaning. Even Isl. eftre, when used as a compar., [josterior, ditt'ers only in orthography from the prep, epter, post ; epteraa, postca. Eftir ane, adv. Uniformly ; q. having the same exemplar, S. Ful wele I wate ray text sal mony like, Syne eftir ane my toung is and my pen, Quhilk may sufiice as for our vulgar men. Doug. Virgil, 452. 30. Eftir HEND, adv. Afterwards, S. And eftirhend, in the same cheptonr God sais thus to the same peple : Et iti.rifti, absque peccato et iiinocens sunt, &c. Abp. Ilamiltoun's Catcchisme, Prol. Fol. 1, b. As Su.G. efter has the same meaning with A. S. aefter, liaen is often contr. from haedan, hence. Thus haedan efter signifies dcliinc, posthac. In the same manner, Belg. oorhceiu before, is formed : A. S. heona corresponds to Su.G. haedeii, haeii. Efter hend, prep. After. " Eftir hend all this, thai turnit thame to the brekaris of the law, & spak to thame mair scharply saying : Cursit and wariit sail thow be in the citie & cursit in the feild." Abp. Ilamiltoun's Cate- chisme, Fol. 8, a. " The Apostil sanct Paule rehersand the deidis of the flesche, reckins manslauchter amang thame, say- and eftir hend thame all, Quha sa dois thame & sic- Hk, sail nocht get the kingdome of God." Ibid. Fol. 50, b. Eftremess, s. a desert. Thai seruyt thaim on sa gret wane, With scherand swerdys, and with knyffis, That weile ncr all left the lyvys. Thai had afelloun eftremess; That sowr chargis to chargand wes. Barbour, xvi. 457. MS. Intermais, ed. 1C20. A. S. aefter and mc^s, a meal. To this Sw. c//e/-- mautc corresiionds, also signifying a desert. EFTSYIS, adv. Oftimes. This is mentioned by Rudd. But I have not marked any place in Doug. Virgil. As A. S. eft signifies iterura, rursus, it has been viewed as the origin of E. oft, S. aft. Syis if the pi. from A. S. sithe, vice. EGG-BED , s. The ovarium of a fowl, S. Sw. Dan. egg-stock. EGGLAR, s. a hawker, who collects eggs through the country for sale, S. A. EY, a term used in the formation of the names of many places ; signifying an island. It is sometimes written ay, a, or ie. This is not only the term, of the general, but of E I L roost of the peculiar names of the islands of Orkn. ei/; as Gram.y.c-i/, Saiid-a, Strons-a, &c. It is re- tained also in the names of many of the Western Isles, as Tj/r.ee, IsUa, J ur-a, //(/ or /-colrakill, &c. It occurs also in the Frith of Forth; Micker.y, Sibbald's Fife, p. 93. Fidr-a, ib. p. 105. Isl. ey, insula, Su.G. ye. It properly denotes a larger island, while holm is restricted to a small one, such as that surrounded by a river. V. Holme. Germ, ei/, A. S. erige, ig, Fris. og, Ir. oghe. Tlw root is supposed to be ilcb. >«, ee, id. EIDENT, adj. Busy, diligent. V. Ithand. EIDER DOUN, properly tlie down of the eider duck, or anas molissima, Linn. " This useful species is found in the Western Isles of Scotland, — and on the Farn isles ; but in greater numbers in Norway, Iceland and Greenland : from whence a vast quantity of the down, known by the name of Eider or edder, which these birds furnish, is annually imported. Its remarkably light, elastic and warm qualities, make it highly esteemed as a stuffing for coverlets, by such whom age or infirmities render unable to support the weight of common blankets. The down is produced from the breast of the bird in the breeding season." Pennant's Brit. Zool. p. 581. Sw. cider, also aadu, anas molissima ; eidcrditn, the down of the eider. EYE-LIST, s. A flaw. V. Ee-list. EYEN, pi. Eyes. V. Een. EIFFEST, adj. used adv. Especially. " Heirfore we belief it to be worthie, godlie and meritable to mak just witnessing to the weritie ; that the weritie be not hide nor smurit down, that veritie ei/ft'st throw laik of the quhilk jirejudice ma be ganerit contrair ane tiinocent." Diploma, Barry's Orkney, App. p. 405. Presertim, Orig. Deed. Isl. efst-r supremus. EIK, pron. Each ; Doug. A. S. etc. Teut. elck, id. EIK, Eke, s. An addition, S. " Likely from them a great eke will be put to- Traquair's process, ous enough." A. S. euc-an Belg. occk-en, addere The V. and conj. arc both used in E. EIK, s. The lineament used for greasing sheep, S. A. A. S. caca, additamentum, from eac^in addere ; q. something added to the natural covering of the sheep, »ii additional defence from the cold. To EILD, Eld, v. n. To wax old. " Thairfore said the moral poete Horace; lie that eildis in his awin cuntre, not following sic thingis as bene done afore him, for laik of experience is bot ane barne " Bellcnd. Cron. Concl. F. 219, b. This aid hasard caryis oner lludis bote Spretis and figuris in his irne hevvit bote, All thocht he eildit was, or step in age^ Als fery and als swipper as ane page. Dong. Virgil, 173. 53; He [V^aleriane] was tane be Sapore k^ :ig of iers, & his army disconifyst, & ' "* ' ^ '"' *■ "" I'hieh before was long and odi. Baillie's Lett. i. 323. ec-an, MoesG. aiik-an, Su.G. ock-a eildit ui sa miserabvU E I L sfrniftide that Saporo niaiii aiic stiilc of his bak lo l.jj) oil 111. hors." BclUiul. Cron. B. vi. c. 1. Co""""'"'' Ui>t'th. A. S. told-ian, vctcrasccre, scncsccrc. EiLD, Eld, /. l. Any particular period of hu- maiilife, in relation to the time of birth S. Gill ony Ji)s in this bataillc, His a) r. but waril, rilitl', or taile, On till- fyrst day sal! wild ; Ail be hf neuir sa young off eld. lidifwiir, xii. 322. MS. G\{ Jupiter my ying yeris be« ent Wall! me ri-slore, in sic strentliis aiid eild, So as I was qiilicn first in baltell I'cild The amies of the oistis doun I dang ! — Dung, f'irgil, 262. 50. Used also in 0. V.. Sigbcrt, kyng of Estscx, in cldf was he more. H. lininiic, p. 2. Euin eild, of the same age, or ciinal in age. And gif he war on life quiiil now in fere, He bad beuc cuin eild with the, and ludy pore. Il)id. 84. 50. 12. A generation. Nor Cecnlus was not absent, traist me, — (juham al eildix repiitis and schawls us I'.ngenerit was by the God Vulcanus. Doug, nrgil, 232. 28. Actas, Virg. vii. 680. 3. A division of time in chronology, including many generations, an era. Now have yhe hcrdc on qnhatkyn wyis, I have contenyt this trctys, l'"ra fyrst fourmyf wcs Adam, T\ 1 this tyme nowe of Abraham, And bath the clt/j/s has tane iMide, As in all storys welle is kundc, C'ontenand hale thre Ihowsand yhero Nync scowre and foure oiire passyt clere. H'ljntuicn, Cron. ii. Prol. 5. In tlirydc ei/ldc, wylht-owlyn les, In Spayiiyhe tlie Stottis cumyn wes. n>id. ii. 9. 75. 4. Age, the advanced period of life. Bi'haldis this my vyle vnwcyldy ago, Oiierset wylli liasert hare and faynt dotage, Quhamc eild vode of al Ireuth and verito Uc fals drede dissauis sa, quud schc. Doug. Virgil. 222. 55. Rudd. derives this word from vU ; Sibb. with more propriety from A.S. calt/, senex, vetiis. But it IS more immediately allied toyld^ijldo, used in most of the senses mentioned above ; " Aotas, Cnillic-ti i/ldc, puerilis actas, Gutlil. Vit. Aevum saeculum, i'co Jorme iftd Ihissere icoruldc, primum saeculum hnjiis niundi ; Aelfr. Senectus ; J//,) nc derede, senectus non la(di'rel,Caedm. ap. Lye, " Kilddid iiadere," S. ^loesG. old, progenies, Isl. iiltd, aldvr, Sw. aelder, aetas. Thes.e Seren. derives from i/la, gigncrc ; G. Anc^r from Heb. i^n, hnlad, aevum. Sibb. observes that this term " is also used in ♦he sense of barri'u ; eitdcuiv, one that yieldeth no milk. I' But the words are quite differcut. V. Yeld and Ki.DtSG. EiLn, adj. Old. E I T Anc hundrp'h maydynis bad sdie young and eild, And als mony of the sam a.;e young swanys. Doug. Virgil, 35. 36. A. S. eald, senes. ElLDiT, part. pa. Advanced in years, aged. V. EiiD, V. EiLDiNs, Yealings, .r. pi. Equals in age 5 often proa, eillins, zho j'eiUtnf, S. For you, a species by yoursell, Near ee/dins with the sun your god, Nae ferly 'tis to h ar you telj, Yc're tired, and inelin'd to nod. 7 'Ac Phuenix. Rammy, ii. 493. Yealings resembles A. S. gc.eald-an to grow old. O ye, my dear-remembered, ancient ^fj/r. Jealous. As for his wife, I wald ye seuld forbid her Hir ejjndling toits ; I true ther be nae danger. Semplc, Evergreen, i. 76. st. 12. " Thir ar Goddis wordis ; Ego sum dominus deus tuus, fortis, zelotes,— I am the Lord thi God, stark and iolious or cyndland." Abp. Hamilteun's Ca- tcchisme, 1531, Fol. 27, a. V. the v. EIR, s. Fear, dread, Ang. Hence eiry. V. Ery. EIRACK, s. A hen-pullet, S. Howtowdie, synon. "^ Eiradc, a chicken." Statist. Ace. xv. 8. N. The writer of this account refers to Gael, eirag. This indeed signifies a chicken ; a pullet, a young hen ; Shaw. But notwithstanding the coincidenec, I have a stroug suspicion, (hat our term is properly jjcnrock, q. of the first year. Germ, jahrig, one year old. EYRE FALCONS, Houlate, ii. 1. Leg. Gyre falcons, as in I\LS. EITHER, adv. Or. " By no meaues would wc admit them cilhcr j'-idges in his cause, citiwr auditors of the same." Knox's Appcll. p. 432. This word is still occasionally used in both senses, Ang. lA.eda, edr, aut, sen, sive ; Alem. «/Ae, aut, vel ; Scliilter. These have more the appear- ance of primitives than 'A. S. aegtha: V. Athir. E Y T EITH, Eyth, Eth, adj. Easy, S. The folk with owt, that wer wery, — Saw thaim within defend thaim swa ; And saw it wcs not eylh to ta The toun, quhili sik defens wes mad. Barbow, xvii. 454. MS. In Pink. Edit, sjjth. — This displesure suld haue bene eifh to bere. Doug. Virgil, 114. 32. To tell, as I thame wryttyn faud. Thai ar noucht eth til wndyrstand. Wynto7i.n, Tiii. 4. 234. Eth, id. R. Brunne, p. 194. Wild thei bicoin Cristen, fulle eth I were to drawe, Bot I dar not for tham alle one to leue our lawe. A. Bor. A. S. eath, facilis ; Isl. aud, Su.G. od, oed, Alem. od, Mod. Sax. ocde, id. This, according to Junius, may be derived from Gr. tJo;, mos. Ihre supposes that the root is obsolete. It may perhaps be deduced from Su.G. ed-a, cupere. placere : or Isl. ae, pret. ai/Je, pausare, quiescere. It properly signifies, to rest with cattle, to give them time to breathe. V. G. Andr. p. 5. Eith is also used adverbially. Sic troubles eith were born ; What's bogles, wedders, or what Mausy's scorn r Ramsdjf's Pvems, ii. 4. " Eith learned, soon forgotten ;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 24. A. S. eathelic is used as an adj. in the same sense ■with eath ; whence this might be originally formed. ElTHAR, Ethar, comp. For fthar is, quha list syt doun and mote, Ane Tther sayaris faltis to spye and note, Than but offence or fait thame self to write. Doug. Virgil, 48b. 41. EiTHLY, adv. Easily, S. EYTTYN, Ettyn, Etin, s. A giant. " Sum var storeis, and some var Het taylis. Thir •var the narais of them as cftir fuUouis. — The taiyl of the reydc eyitijn vitht the thre hedis." Compl. S. p. 98. The propheceis of Rymour, Beid, and Marling, And of mony vther plesand history, Of Raid Etin and the Gyre Carling ; Comfortand thee, quhcn that I saw the eory. Lijndsay's Warkis, 1592. p. 225. Dr Leyden thinks that the term may be from A. S. etan. to eat, adding ; " hence an anthropo- phagus. The Berscriers of the North were accus- tomed, in the paroxysms of their fury, to devour human flesh, and drink human blood ; and hence probably the romances of giants and elens, that devoured quick men." Gl. p. 332. But I need scarcely observe, that when nouns are formed from verbs, the infinitive termination is thrown away. Besides, although in A. S. there is an accidental coincidence in respect of orthography, between the v. el-em, and the substantive eien, gigas, it is otherwise in the Scandinavian dialects. In Isl. it \s jauiun, jotun, Su.G. jalte,jette ; where- as Isl. et-a, and Su.G. act-a, signify to eat. Ac- cordingly, it has not occurred to any of the Nor- E Y T thern etymologists, that there is the least affinity between the terms. It must beackuowledged, how- ever, that in Su.G. the letter i is sometimes pre- fixed to words beginning with a vowel, where it has no particular meaning. Thus jaeta is sometimes put for aeta, to eat. In other instances, it is used intensively, as gc occasionally occurs in A. S. Although the etymon above referred to is very doubtful, I have met with none that is not liable to exception. G. Andr. and Spegel. derive jotun from Heb. 2nx, aethaii, strong, powerful ; and Sticrn. helm, from Gr. a>iT-o;, great. Nor can it reasonably be supposed, that " the romances of giants and etcii.^, that devoured quick men," originated from the accounts given of the Berserkers, (or more properly, the Berserker ; for this in Isl. is the pi. of Bcrserk-r, or Berserk-ur. V. Ol. Lex. Runic.) in Lit. denominated Ber- serki. As far as I can observe, they are mentioned by Isl. writers only, and as peculiar to their coun- try. Their writings were by no means sufficiently known, andatany rate were of too late a date, to have given rise to the romances mentioned. Nor does it apjiear, that the I?crsfr/;e/- devoured human flesh. It is said, indeed, that some of them at first took a draught of human blood, in order to procure that extraordinary strength by which they were after- wards distinguished ; and that others, under the same idea, drunk of the blood of a wild beast which they had slain, and cat part of its heart. The character of these extraordinary men having been necessarily introduced, it may not be unac- ceptable to the reader to have some further account of them. As their strength was remarkable, they were actuated by such fury as to pay no regard to any thing that was in their way. They rushed, it is said, through the flames, and tore up trees by the roots. They provoked the noble and the rich to single combat, that they might make a prey of their wives, daughters, and possessions : and they were generally successful. Their strength and fury are, by Northern writ- ers, ascribed to very different causes. In some in- stances, they have been attributed to witchcraft ; in others, to a sort of diabolical possession or im. pulse ; and in many cases, they have been viewed as merely the effect of a vitious temperament of body. Some of the Berserker were, in their gene- ral conduct, wise and peaceable men ; but occa- sionally seized by this unaccountable fury. It was preceded by an extreme coldness and rigour, by gnashing of the teeth, and bodily agitation. After the attacks, they felt an excessive weakness and langour. The accounts given of these symptoms plainly indicate a nervous affection, in some respects- very similar to that called St Vi/us's Dance, in Angus the louping ague : with this difference, in- deed, that the patients in the latter, notwithstand- ing their extraordinary exertions, discover no incli. nation to hurt others ; although when seized with the fit, if disposed to run, they overturn every object that is in their way. V. Annot. de Berserk, ad calc. Kristnisag. 01. Lex. Runic, vo. Berserkur, Bartholin. Ant. Dan. p. 345. and Hcrvarar S. pass. It must be acknowleged, however, that the Nor- 3 A E L B thern writers in general, and eTcn the most learned auioni{ thcni, consider this atiVctian as preternatural. Stiirlcion traces this fury back to the times of heath- enistn. " OJin," hf says, " was belicTcd to have »uch power in batlle, that he struck his enemies blind, and deaf, and stupid, so that their arms were biiinli-U like so many staves. But his soldiers rush- ed forward without being covered with mail, and raged like doi;s or wolves, gnawing their shields. Strong as bears or bulls, they mowed down their foM : but neither tire nor steel could injure them. This quality is c.illcd the Der.serkic fury." Heimsk. Yngliui;a S. c. b. " They appear," says Vcrel. " as demoniacs under the impulse of the devil. The strength of ten other men seems scarcely^ equal to theirs. When the evil spirit departs from them, they lie weak and exhausted." Not. in Gothr. & Rolf. S. c. 27. ap. Bartholin, ubi sup. Some derive this word from Isl. ber, bare, and serk-r, a shirt, metaph. used for a coat of mail ; because they generally fought without armour, as it was believed that, by the force of enchantment, they were secure from wounds. Others, from bersa a wolf, and >jrk-ia to exercise ; because they were not alVaid of wolves, when they met them. Others again, from ber.ias to fight, and yrk-ia mentioned above ; as they were prone to fighting. V. Ber. serk, Ihre. One thing which strikes against all tlicse derivations is, that Bcrgrist, saxicola, a term entirely synon., has its first syllable from Isl. berg, a, rock or mouulain ; 01. Lex. Rise, gigas, Cy- clops, G. Andr. p. 199. Shall we suppose, that, according to this analogy, berserker is q. berg-ser. kiar, from berg mons, and scrk.iar, Saraceni, as probably denominated from their impetuosity and ferocity, in which they might be sup|)oscd to re. semble the Saracens, wlio in a short time overrun so many countries ? Sacrkland is the name given by Scandinavian writers, not only to Arabia, but to Africa in general. V. Heimskr. ii. 60. 236. EIZEL, AiZLE, IsiL, IsEL, s. 1. A hot ember, S. She fuU'd her pipe wi' sic a Innt, !n wrath she was sae vap'rin. She. notic'd na, an iihlc brunt Her braw new worset apron. Burii.f, iii. 131. 2. A bit of wood reduced to the state of char- coal, S. In this sense the phrase, brunt to an eizel, is used as to any body that leaves a re- siduum possessing some degree of solidity. 9. Metaph. for the ruins of a country desolated by war. Had not bene better tliarac in thare natyue hald llauc sitlin styll amang the assis cald, And laltir f-iilis of thare kynd cuntre. Dong, yirgil, 314. 41. Exiremos chieres, Virg. A S. ydc, favillac ; " embers, hot ashes. Lane, hodiequc isles;" Somner. Isl. eysa, carbones can- dcnfe-s sub riiiere. G. Andr. refers to Ileb. wx, aesh, ignis, p. 60. Goth, isletta, calx. ELBOCK, Elbuck, s. Elbow, S. Rudd. Ilab lidg'd and Icnsh, his elhuck clew, Baith fear'd and fond a sp'rit (o view. Baiif^ay's Poems, x\. 5i9. " bte brake her elbuct at the kirk door ;" Ram- ELD say's S. Prov. p. 61. ; " spoken of a thrifty maiden, when she becomes a lazy wife." Kelly, p. 293. A. S. elboga, Belg. clle-boege, Isl. alboge, A. lem. elnboga, ellenboge, id. from A. S. eln, Alem. el, elin, lielg. elle, Moes.G. alleina, Lat. ulna, a word originally used to denote the arm, and boge, curvatura, from A. S. biig-an, Teut. bogh-en, to bow. Elbow-grease, s. l. Hard work with the arms, S., a low word. 2. Brown rappee, Ang. ELDARIS, Eldrys, s. pi. Ancestors, Jorbears, synon. Barbour, iii. 223. Wyntown, ProL iii. 12. Doug. Virgil, 91. 49. But examples are unnecessary, elders being still used in the same sense in E. ; A. S. aldor, senior, pater familias ; Su.G. aehlre senior ; from aid, old. ELDER, .f. Among Presbyterians, one who is elected and ordained to the exercise of govern- ment in ecclesiastical courts, without having authority to teach ; hence, for the sake of dis- tinction, often called a riding elder, S. " The Elders, being elected, must be admonished of their office, which is to assist the Ministers in M publickc affaires of the Kirk ; lo wit, in determining and judging causes, in giving admonition to the li- centious liver, in having respect to the manners and conversation of all men within their charge." First Bulk of Discipline, c. 10, §4. For some time after the Reformation in S., it was required that Elders and Deacons should " be made every yeare once, — lest of long continuance of such officers, men presume upon the liberty of the Kirk." Ibid. § 3. Now both are chosen pro vita aut culpa. ELDERSCHIP, s. l. A term anciently applied to that ecclesiastical court which is now called a Presbytery. " When we speik of the Elders of the particular congregations, we mcin not that erery particular Parish Kirk can, or may have their awin particular Elilerschips, especially to Landwart, bot we think thrie or four, mae or fcwar particular Kirks, may have ane common jE/(/(';\vc/ji/> to them all, to judge thair ecclesiastical causes. " The power of thir particular Eldersckips, is to use diligent labours in the boundis committit to thair charge, that the kirks be kepit in gude order. — It pertaines to the Eldcrschip to take heid, that the word of Giid be purely preichit within their bounds, the sacraments rightly ministrat, &c." Se- cond Bulk of Discipline, c. vii. s. 10 — 12. No intermediate court, between this Elderschip and what is now called a Provincial Synod, is men- tioned as either existing or necessary. " Assemblies ar of four sortis. For aither ar they of particular Kirks and Congregations ane or ma, or of a Province, or of ane hail Nation," &c. Ibid. s. 2. It occurs as synon. with Presbi/tcrj/, Acts Ja. VI. 1592. c. 14. ; although there we find the phrase partiri/lar Sessions used distinctively. 2. It is now used only with respect to the Kirk- session of a particular congregation, S. " We gave in, long ago, a paper to the great ELD committee, wherein we asserted a congregational el. dership, for governing the private aU'airs of the congregation, from the 18th of Matthew. Mr Da. yid Calderwood, in his letter to us, has censured us grieTOHsly for so doing ; shewing us, that our books of discipline admit of no presbytery or elderschip but one." Baillie's Lett. ii. 16. A. S. ealdor-scipe, principatus, " principality, seniority, — superiority whether in age or place ;" Somncr. ELDFADER, s. l. Grandfather. The King hys douchtre, that was far, And wes ais aperand ayr, With Waltre Stewart gan he wed. And thai wele sone gat of thair bed A knaw child, throw our Lordis grace, That eftre hys gud eldfadi/r wes Callyt Robert ; and syne wes King. Barbour, xiii. 694. MS. Oure Kyng of Scotland, Dawy be name, Wes eld-Jadyre til oure kyng Willamc. fVi/ntosn, Tii. 8. 230. 2. Father in law. Cesar the eldfader Hys maich Pompey sail stracht aganc him went, With rayit oistis of the oryent. Doug. Virgil, 195. 26. Socer, Virg. A. S. eald-fader, arus. ELDIN, Elding, s. Fuel of any kind ; but more generally applied to peats, turfs, &,c. S. A. Bor. Lincoln. Cauld Winter's bleakest blasts we'll eithly cowr, Our elditi's driven, an' our har'st is owr. Fergusson^s Poems, ii. 6. " The day-light, during the winter, is spent by many of the women and children in gathering eld- ing, as they call it, that is, sticks, furze, or broom, for fuel, and the evening in warming their shivering limbs before the scanty fire which this produces.'' P. Kirkinner, Wigtons. Statis. Ace. iv. 147. A. S. aeled, Su.G. eld, Isl. eld-r, fire. Sibb. renders the Sw. word not only ignis, but pabulum ignis. I have met with no authority for this. In Isl. subterraneous fire is called jardelldr, from jurd earth, and elldr. Tha kvam mudr laupandi, oc sagdi at jardelldr vur uppkvamin i Olfusi ; Then came a man panting for breath, and said that sub. terraneous fire was bursting forth in Olfus. Krist. nisaga, p. 88. The ancient Persians called fire ala ; whence most probably Goth, al.a, A. S. ael-aii, Isl. elld-tt, to kindle. ELDING, s. Age. For so said wourthy Salomon, Elding is end of erthlie glie. Welcum eild, for youth is gone ! Maitland Poems, p. 1 9 J. A. S. ealdunge senectus, vetustas ; old age ; — also the waxing or growing old or ancient ; Somn. V. EiLn,- J) . nd ^. ELDIS. From that place syne vnto ane cane we went, Vniier ane hyngand heuch in ane dern went, With treis eldis belappit round about, ELF And thik harsk granit pikis standand out. Doug. Virgil, lb. 23. This word, which is overlooked by Rudd., may perhaps signify, entirely, on all sides, corresponding to circum. Arboribus clausi circum. — Virg. A. S. eallis, Moes.G. allis, omnino, omnimodis ELDMODER, s. Mother in law. Eldmoder to ane hunder thar saw I Hcccuba. Doug. Virgil, 55. 43. It must have properly denoted a grandmother; A. S. ealde-moder, avia. A. Bor. el.mother, a step- mother. V. Eldfader. ELDNING, Elduring, s. Quhen I heir mentionat his name, than mak I nyne croces, To keip rac fra the commerance of that carle mangit ; That full of elduring is, and anger, and all ewil thewis. I dar nocht luik to my liiif for that lene gib ; He is sa full of jelosy, and ingyne fals. — 1 dar nocht luik to the knaip that the cop fillis. For iiidilliiig of that auld shrew, that ever on ewill thinkis. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 49. In edit. 1508, it is eldni/ng. This seems to have the same meaning, and has perhaps been originally the same word, with indilling also used in the pas- sage. Both appear to denote jealousy. Eldnyng, if the true reading is nearly allied to A. S. ell. nung, zeal, emulation. V. Eyndlifng, which is evi- dently the same with indilling. ELDREN, Elderen, adj. Growing old, el- derly, jin eldrin man, — one considerably ad- vanced in life, S. Or like the tree that bends his eldren braunch That way where first the stroke hath made him launch. — Hudson^ s Judith, p. 49. — The eldern men sat down their lane. To wet their throats within. A. Nicol's Poems, 1739, p. 73. Colin and Lindy, Bydby says, they're ca'd, The ane an elderin man, the nicst a lad, A bonny lad, as e'er my een did see, And dear he is and sail be unto me. Ross's Helenore, p. 68. Dan. aldrende ; Isl. aldraen, senex, Olai Lex. Run. V. EiLD, V. and s. ELEVEN.HOURS, s. A luncheon, S. ; so called from the time that labourers or children get their meridian. ELFMILL, s. The sound made by a worm in the timber of a house, supposed by the vul- gar, to be preternatural; the death-watch, S. B. This is also called the Chackie-mill. From elf, A. S. Su.G. aelf, a fairy, and mill. Aelfric, in his Gl. p. 79., enumerates various kinds of elves. These are Munt-aelfen, mountain.elves, Oreades ; Wudu-elfen, wood-elves, Dryades ; Feld- elfeti, Moi'des, field-elves ; JVi/lde-elfen, Hamadry- ades, or wild elves ; Dun-elfen, Castalides, or elves of the hills. Somner and Benson also mention Berg~ aelfennef Oreades, or rock-elves ; Land-aelfenne, 3 A 2 E L I Mnsac ruricol.i<«, land.elvcs, fVactcr.aclfennfi, N'ai- imIcs, ihc nymphs of the fountains ; and Sac-ac/fcnnc, •M-nvmphs Lat. Naiades, Nereides. V. S6mn. JiU^SiiOT, .', 1. The name vulgarly given to in arrow-head of flint, S. " FJj'-'-hotf, i. e. tlie stone arrow-heads of the old inhdhilauls of this island, arc supposed to bis weapons shot by Fairies at cattle, to which are at. tributod any disorders they have." Pennant's Tour in S. 1769, p. 115. These arc also called e/f or ftiiri/ slones. " Ar- row points of (lint, commonly called elf ox fairy. slones, are to be seen here." V. Lauder, Berwicks. Statist. Ace. i. 73. 2. Disease, supposed to be produced by the im- mediate agency of evil spirits, S. *' There are also several things in Agnes Simp. son's witchcraft, such as there scarce occur the like in the foregoing stories. As her skill in diseases. That the sickness of William Black was an elf. shot." Trial of Scotch Witches, Glanville's Sad. durisnnis Triumph, p. 398. This vestige of superstition is not peculiar to our country. We learn from Ihre, that in Sweden they give the name of shot, i. c. shot, to that disease of animals which makes them die as suddenly as if they had been struck with lightning; and that the vulgar believe that wounds of this kind are the eflect of magic. The same disease is, in Norway, called alU skuailt, and in Denmark ellesLiid, i. e. elfshot. V. Jamitson's Popular Ball. i. 224, N. Thus, these terms are originally the same with ours ; in which indeed / is also almost entirely sunk in pronuncia. tiun. V. Ihre, to. Siiiita. According to Keysler, that disease, -which instan. taneously allects a person by dejiriving him of his senses, is, in Upper Germany, called Alp, or Alp- druckcn, literally the pressure of a demon. Alp is also a designation for the nightmare. The same learned writer observes, that, with the ancients, a//)and a//" equally denoted a mountain, andamoun- tain.drmon. He adds, that there are stones of the class of Helemnites, which the Germans call Alpen. scho^s. This is the same word with elfshot, only formed after the Germ, idiom. V. Antiq. Septentr. p. 500. 501. Elf-shot, adj. Shot by fairies, S. My byar tumbled, nine braw noiit were smoor'd, Three ctf shot were, yet 1 these ills cndur'd. RfimsaijU Poems, ii. 66. ♦' Cattle, which are snddenly seized with the cramp, or some similar disorders are said to he e/f. shnt ; anil the approved cure is to chafe the parts afl'erted with a blue bonnet which, it may be readily believed, often restores the circulation." Minstrelsy Border, ii. 225. " In order to elTert a cure, the cow is to be touch- ed I)y an v/f->hul, or made to drink the wafer in which one has been dipped." Pennant, ubi s\ip. tLlMOSINUS, (iJj. Merciful, compassionate. . — Ane pepill niaist hyronius,- And na wais rliniosiHu.!, Bot buriors in blud. lhiri;l, IVtUson's Coll. ii. 39, Lat. cleemoayna, merry ; Gr. tAw;. E L R ELYTE, s. One elected to a bishopric. Rychard Byschape in his stede Cliosyn he wes concorditer, And Eli/te twa yhere bad eftyr. IVi/ntozcn, vii. 7. SCO. It occurs in R. Bninne, p. 209. The pape at his dome ther elites quassed doun, Eft he bad tham chcsc a man of gode rcnoun, Or thei suld ther voice lesc of alle ther eleccioun. O. Fr. clit-e, Lat. elect-us. ELLER, s. The Alder, a tree, S. A. Bor. Be- tula alnus, Linn. ; also yirn, q. v. " The Alder Tree. Anglis. Eller. Scotis." Light- foot, p. 576. ELLIS, ndv. Otherwise, else. Examples are unnecessary ; this being the same with ellcs, Chauc. A. S. id. Alem. alles. MoesG. alia. ELLIS, Els, adv. Already, S. A. Bor. else, Mycht nane cschap that euir come thar. The quhethir mony gat away That ellis war fled as I sail say. Barbour, xiii. 358. MS. Ilir feirs stede stude stamping reddy ellis, Gnyppand the foray golden bit gingling. Doug. Virgil, 104. 26. *' Heir it is expedient to descriue quha is ane he- retyk, quhilk discription we will nocht mak be our awin propir inuencion, bot we will tak it as it is els made and geuin to V3 be twa of the maist excellent doctouris of haly kirk, Hierome and Au- gustine." Abp. Hamiltoun's Catechisme, 1551. Fol. 18, a. She is a maiden certainlie. Sir Alistoun that gentle knight, She and he elie hath their troth plight. Sir Egeir, p. 3S. There is no evidence that A. S. ealles was ever used in this sense. Nor have I observed any cog- nate term ; unless we view this as originally Moes. G. allis, A. S. eallis, omnino, (plenarie, Benson.) used obliquely. The phrase in Virg. reddy ellis, if thus resolved, would signify, " compleatly ready." It merits consideration, that this is CTidently analo. gous to the formation of the E. synon. already, q. oniivino paratuni. ELRISCHE, Elriche, Elraige, Elrick, Al- RISCH, Alry, adj. 1. As expres. ing relation to demons or evil spirits ; equivalent to E. elvish, Thair was Pluto, that elrick incubus, In cloke of grene, his court usit unsable. Dunbar, Bannalync Poems, p. 12. st. 14. First 1 conjure the by Sanct Marie, Be alriich king and queue of farie. Pink. S. P. Rcpr. iii. 45. 2. As applied to sound, it suggests the idea of something preternatural ; S. synon. 'xanearthly. Thus it is said of the screech-owl ; Vgsum to here wes hir wyld elrisehe skreik. Doug. Virgil, 202. 3. Betwixt the hours of twelve and one, A north wind (ore the bent ; And straight she heard strange clrili:h sounds Upon (hat wind which went ; — And up there raise an trlish cry — ■ E L W "■ lie's won amang us a'." Mimtrelsy Border, ii. 256. 257. To the, Echo ! and thow to me agane. Thy elrisk skirlis do penctrat the roks, The rochcs rings, and renders ine my cryis. Monfgomerie, MS. Cliron. S. P. iii. 497. 3. Hideous, horrid ; respecting the aspect or bo- dily appearance ; corresponding to Lat. trux, immanis. Of the Cyclops it is said ; Thay elrichc brelhir with thair lukis thrawin, Thocht nocht awalit, tharc standing hauc we knawin ; An horribil sorte, wyth raony camschol beik. Doug, rirgil, 91. 16. 4. Wild, frightful, respecting place, S. " Mony haly and rclligious men for feir of thir cruelteis lied in desertis and eiruigc placis, quhair thay wer cxonerit of all truble and Iciflit ane haly life." Bellend. Croii. B. vi. c. 9. In eremos ac ferarum lustra; Boeth. Ye houlets, frae your ivy bow'r, In some auld tree, or eldritch tow'r, — Wail thro' the dreary midnight hour, Till waukrifc morn. Burns, iii. 309. 5. Strange, uncouth ; used in relation to dress. " Be auenture Makbeth and Banquho wer passand to Fores, quhair kyng Duncane hapnit to be for the fyme, & met be the gait thrc wemen clothit in elrage & uncouth weid. Thay wer jugit be the peplU to be weird sisteris." Bellend. Cron. B. xii, c. 3. Insolita vestitus facie, Boeth. 6. Surly, severe in temper and manners. 1. Painful, fretted ; applied to a sore or wound. ^ne airy sair, Ang. This terra has most probably been formed from A. S. Su.G. aelf, genius, dacmonium, and A. S. ric, Su.G. rik, rich ; q. abounding in spirils ; as primarily descriptive of a place supposed to be un- der the power of evil genii. It greatly confirms this etymon, that the term, as more generally used, conveys the idea of something preternatural. ELS, Else, adv. Already. V. Ellis. ELSYN, ElsoNjJ'. A shoemaker's awl, S. A.Bor. — Nor hinds wi' clson and hemp lingle, Sit soleing shoon out o'er the ingle. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 203. Teut. aehene, elsene, id. Goth, aal, terebellum. ELWAND, Elnwand, j. l. An instrument for measuring, S. " Aue burges may haue in his house, ane mea- sure for his comes, ane elnzeand, ane stane, ane pound to wey." Burrow Lawes, c. 52. According to Dr Johns, the ell consists of a yard and a quarter, or forty. five inches. The S. ell, however, .exceeds the ¥j. yard by one inch only. " They oiduiucd and delivered, that the Elne sal! conteine thrittie seven inche." Acts Ja. I. 1426. c. 68. Murray. 2. The constellation called Orion's girdle. The Son, the seuin sternes, and the Charlewane The Ehsand, the dementis, and Arthuris hulle. Doug. Virgil, 239, b. 3. E M P From e!/i and zcand, Dan. vaandc. a rod. " The commons call it our Lady's, i. e. the bfcs- sed Virgin's) Elioand ;" Rudd. _ It is a striking coincidence, that in Su.G. Orion's girdle was called Friggcroci, the distatl'of Freya or Frigaia, the Venus of the Goths. After the intro- duction of Christianity, it was changed to Muri. rock, or Mary's distall'. V. Mareschall. Observ. ad Vers. A.S. p. 514. EMAILLE, s. Enamel. V. Amaille. EMBER GOOSE, the Immer of Pennant, Ges- nct^s greater Boucher, a species which inhabits the seas about the Orkney islands. " The wild fowl of these islands are very nume- rous. Auiong these we may reckon — the Ember goose." P. Kirkwall, Statist. Ace. vii. 546. Anser nostratibus, the Ember goose dictus. Sibb. Scot. P. 2. lib. iii. 21. Immcr, Brunnich ap. Penn. Zool. 524. It is called Ember goose aiso in Shetland ; Statist. Ace. vii. 394. Barry informs us, that this name is also given to the Great Northern Diver, Colymbus glacialis, Linn. EMERANT, s. Emerald. — Her goldin haire, and rich atyre, In fretwise couchit with perils quhite, — With mony ane emerant and ("aire saphire. King's Qicair, ii. 27. Emerant, Emerand, adj. Green, verdant. Mayst amyabil waxis the emerant medis. Dung. Virgil, 401. 46. V. Amerand. EMMIS, Immis, adj. l. Vafiable, uncertain, what cannot be depended on, Ang. This term is applied to seed that is difficult of culture, or is frequently unproductive. Ground which often fails to give a good crop, is called immis land. The term is also used with respect to change- able weather. 2. The term is used in an oblique sense, BanfFs. ^n inimis nicht, a gloomy or dark night. There can bo no doubt that this is from the same root with '>a.G.r/ms:a, oemsa, to vary, alternare, re- ciprocare; whcnce^i/OTiom, alternatim. lsi.i/ms,pl. 1/mser, singUliet varii per vices, nunc hie, nunc alter. Hence ymist, alternatim ; ymislcgr, mutabilis, va- rius ; G. Andr. p. 138. Vmiss, varius, diversus, Rymbegia, p. 202. V. Gl. Ihre supposes, although rather fancifully, that the Germ, have hence formed their misslich, sig. nifying uncertain. The root, he says, is om, a par. tide denoting variation ; as, Gora om en ting, to change a thing. To EMPASH, Empesche, v. a. To hinder, to prevent. Fr. empescher, id. '• Thair stomok was neuir surfetly chargit to i '" *»• Iturbour, x. 145. MS, Fr. enlnmcUr, to iiitcniiinglo. V. Mell, v. ENTRF.S, Enteres, J. Access, entry. " Olvucr set an lioun- lo ijcif entjcs to cile Daiiid wi(h al'liis armv in (he toun.— The hourc set, crie D.mid come with anc i;ret power of men to the tourc afore rehcrsil, quiiarc he gat tnleres with his ar. my." I.VIlend. Cron. B. xiii. c. 7. Fr. enlric. ENTRES, s. Interest, concern. " Albeit the said eoinniission hath maid a glide progress in the said matter of Erectioun and Teyndes, and that a great number of our subjcctis havinj; enlrcs tharein, liave snbscryvit to «s gene- ral siibmissiouns;— yet it is certain that many of these who have ciilrcs in Ercctionns and Teyndes, Jyii fiirth, and have not snbscryvit the saids generall suhnii>sio\uis." Acts Seder', p. 4. Fr. inlcrcsii; interested. EPISTIL, t. Any kind of harangue or dis- coxirse. So prolatyk he sat infill his cheyrc! Scho roundis than anc epistil intill eyre. Dunbar, Mmlland Poems, p. 72. ^Ir Pink. giTos this among passages not under- stood. NVc have the phrase nearly in the same words in Cliaucer. Tho rowncd she a pistel in his ere. tV. Bathe's Tide, v. 6603. The term still occurs among the vulgar, in the sense given above, S. B. evidently from Lat, epistoUa used obliquely. ER, adv. Before, formerly. — Schvr Amery, that had the skaith Oil' the bargane I tauld offer, Uaid till Ingland. liarbuur, ix. 542. MS. V. Air. Erar, Earer, comfi. of Ei\ 1. Sooner. Ur thay be danlit with dreid, erar will thai de. Gaxnan and Gol. iu 16. 2. Ratli«r. Swa crarc will I now ches me To be reprowyd of sym|)iliics, Than blame to thole of wnkyndncs. H'l/iitoim, vii. Prol. 32. In this sense it is Tery frequently used by Bellcnd. " The common uieit of our eldaris was fische, nocht for the plontc of it. bot crur bccaus thair landis lay oflynies waist throw continewal exercition of che. nelry, k for that cans thay leiflit uiaist of lischc." J)escr. Alb. c. 16. '• Itod roinmandis the — to forgeuc him al his of- ferisis as thou wald be forgeuin of God. Qiihilk and thiMi do noeht, thou |ira) is (■«/«»■ aganc tlii self [in di^ffater-noster] than fur thi self." Abp. Ilamil- liiiin's Calechisnie, Fol. 17'i. a. These senses, although given as distinct, are very intimately conncctinl. It merits observation, that, as erar is formed from the idea of priority as to time, E. rather owes its o- E R D rigin to a similar idea. For it is derived from A. S. ralh, quickly; compar. rathor. Erast, superl. Soonest. Than w ar it io the comowne lawe, That is Impcryale, craxt drawe, IVijntoicn, viii. 3. 38. ERD, Erde, Yerd, Yertu, j^. i. The earth, S. pron. yird. (J ret howssys of stane and hey standand To tlie crdc fell all downe. fVj/ntozcn, vii. 5. 179. caitlfc Creseide, now and evirinare! Gon is thy joie and al thy mirth in yerih. IIciirjjso!ic''s Test. Creseide, Chron. S. P. i. 170 2. Ground, soil, S. Dry ycrd, dry soil. A.S. eard, ls\. jmirJ, Su.G. Dun. jord, Alctn. crd-a, Germ. erde. Sonic have traced erd, or earth, to Heb. XTN, aretz, id. G. Andr. seems to derivu it from Isl. aer-a, cr-ia, to plough ; Lat. ar.are ; Lex. p. 120. This is the etymon given by Mr Tookc. Earth, he says, is the third pers. of the indicative of A. S. erian, arare, to ere, or plough — that which one creth, or eureth, i. e. ered, er'd, that which is ploughed. Divers. Purley, ii. 417. 418. He also derives Lat. tell-us, the earth, froni, A. S. til-ian, q. that which is tilled; ibid. 419. To Erd, Yerd, -j. a. l. To bury, to inter, to commit a dead body to the grave, S. B. pro- nounced yird. Thai haifl'had hym to Dunferlyne; And him soleuiply erdjjt syne In a fayr tuinb, in till the quer. Barbour, xx. 286. MS, 2. Sometimes it denotes a less solemn interment, as apparently contrasted with liery, i. e. bury. Tlje gret lordis, that he fand Dede in the feld, he gert bcrj/ In haly place honorabilly. And the lave sync, that dede war thar, Into gret pyttis crdj/( war. Barbour, xiii. 666. MS. 3. To cover any thing with the soil, for preserva- tion or concealment. Thus potatoes put into a pit under ground, that they may not be injured by frost, are said to be erdit, or yirdit, S. An' wi' mischief he was sae gnib, To get his ill intent, He howk'd the goud which he himsell lla.d i/erded in his tent. Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 7. 1 have not observed that there is any A. S. v. of a similar formation. But in Su.G. there is not only the comp. iord-saetia, but also iord-as, used in the same sense, sepeliri ; Ihre. Isl. iard-a, id» Erd Houses, habitations formed under ground. " At the same place, and also in another part of tho parish, arc what the country people call eird houses. These are below ground, and some of 'hem said to extend a great way. The sides of these sub- terraneous mansions arc faced up with dry stones, to the height of about 5 feet, they are between 3 and four feet wide, and covered above with large stones laid across. They may have been cither receptacles for plunder, or places of shelter from the inclemency ERG of the weather, before houses were bulU, or of con. oc»lQieiit fraiii an cucniy." P. Stratlidoo, Ahtrd. Siaiist. Ace. xiii. 182. N. These suUterniiieous structures arc by somi' railed Picihh. V. Statist. Ace. xix. 359. Some fif those buildings ascrilied to the Picts seem to have beeuori. giiially covered with earth. Ibid. P. Duniiet, Caiihii. \i. 2o7 . N. The description, as has been observed, corresponds to that given by Tacitus of the buddings of the an- cient Germans. Erddvn', Yirden, s. 1. An earthquake. EriUljjn gret in Ytaly And iiugsum fell all sudilanly, And funrty dayis fra thine lestand. fi'j/nto::n, vii. 5. 175. 2. It seems to be originally the same word, vvliich is sometimes used in Aug., and pretty generally through the Northern counties, for thunder. In Fife there is a proverbial phrase denotiuf; expe. dition, although the meaning of t!ie allusion seerus to be lost among those wiw use it : •• The wark gaes on like iiirdiii.'" A. S. eortli-tli/iij teirac niotus, q. tlie din made by the earth. It is also called in die Sime language, eorlh-beofung, the trembling of the earth. The lat- ter corresponds to the Su.G. and Isl. designation, iord.haefning, the heaving of the earth ; and iorcl- skalf, Isl. iardikialflc, from ike!j'~a, to shxtke, to tremble, to cause to tremble. As transferred to thunder, it is evident that tlic term is used very obliquely. The well-known elfcct of thunder in the air, however, seems to have siiggested to our ancestors the idea of some sort of resemblance in the imagined efl'ect of a concussion of the earth. To ERE. V. Ar, v. ERE, EiR, s. Fear, dread ; Ang. V. Ert. ERF, aJJ. 1. Averse, reluctant. EiJ" to do any thing, Loth. Fife. Zjv ar/i^ I am. afraid, Gl. Yorks. 0. Reserved, distant in manner. Loth. This seems merel}' a corr. of Ergh, q. v. To ERGH, Argh, Erf, v.n. l. To hesitate, to feel reluctance, S. '' Y'et when I hud done all I intended, I did ergk to let it go abroad at this time, for sundry reasons." Baillie's Lett. i. 367. Thy verses nice as ever nicket, Made mc as canty as a cricket; I crgh to reply, lest I stick it. IJamilioii, Ram stii/''s Poems, ii. 334. 2. To be timorous, to be reluctant from timi- dity, S. Dear Jenny, I wad speak t'ye, wad ye let, — And yet I ergh, yc'r ay sae scornfu' set. Raiiiio;i, Evergreen, i. 215. st. 6. ERYSLAND, Eiu.sland, EuslanD, s. A de- nomination ot land, Orku. <■• U.-inains of ropisli chapfls an; many, because every Erj/>iaiido( IS penny land hail one fur iiiattins and ve.spers, but now all are in ruins." P. Birsay, Orkn. Statist. Ace. xir. 3'23. '• Here, the entries are lirat by islands and parishes, then by towns and villages, and lastly by marklaniis, crlslandu or ouncelands, pennylands, and farthing. lands ; and tlic^e divisions were observed, in order to lix anil limit this t.i.\, which is supposed to have been paid to the town for protection." Barry's Orkney, p. 220. >•• The islands were divided into Euslaiidn, or Ouncelands, every one of which made the eii;hth part of a Mark Kind, and was deemed sntTicient for the support of a thief and his soldiers." Ibid. p. 187. Erj/^liiiid is evidently the same with Su.G. vercs- land, which Ihre defines as denoting the eighth pait of a Markland. — Ita ut markhmd octonis partibus superet ovrcsland; vo. Taclja, p. 86-1. Oere signi. lies an ounce. \. L'iie. The same division was sometimes called ocrctal. V. Ihre, vo. Murk. Per. haps crhland is q. ocrctaldand. Oere, in the Laws of Gothland, is written cr, Isl. auri, eijri; Ibid. vo. Oere; from e:V, eyre, acs, brass. Euslundh pro- bably an erratum for erisland. Uns is indeed used in Sw. for ounce. Thus it might be a corr. of unsland. IJut if seems, at any rate, a word of modern use. ERLIS. V. Arles. ERN, Erne, EiRNE, Earn,x. i. The eagle, S. B. l''or Jouis foulo the Eirnc come sorand by, Floand vp hcich towart the bricht rede sky. Doug. Virgil, 416. 51. The terra occurs in O. E. In echo roche tlier ys In tyme of yere an erne^s nest, that hii brcdcth in ywys. R. Glouc, p. 177. In another MS. egte's. Ill some parts of S., at lca?t, this name is appro, priatcd to the Golden Eagle, or Falco Ciirysactos, Linn. " The golden pagle used formerly to b'lild in our rocks, though of late it has discoiitiniird the prac- tice ; but we have a visit of them annually for some months ; they arc commonly known among the shep- herds by the name of the earn, a visit of which amongst (he liock is dreaded as much as that of the fox." P. Carapsie, Stirlings. Statist. Ace. xv. ri3. 324. 2. The osprey ; Falco haliaetus, Linn. Holland, after mentioning the Egill ds Emperour, says ; ^ Krnh ancient of air kingis that crounid is Next his Cclsitudc forsutb seconnd appcrd. Jloulate, ii. 1 . It is accordingly observed by Run. Jonas ; Em Scotis est grande genus areipitrum. Diet. Island. ad Calc. Gramm. Isl. I^Iany writers, indeed, have classed lli'' osprey aniong hawks. The term is general in the Northern languages. A -S. turn; MoesG. ar(.";y; Bde. ar?!, aroul : Isl. ESC aurn, ocrn, crn ; Su.G. oern, ant. arn ; Lapland. arne. Sw. oern properly denotes the golden eagle. Faun. Suec. Penn. Zool. p. 161. Are in Edda aU so signifies aquila ; in nominativo speciali, aren, whence oern, according to G. Andr. p. 15. The osprey Su.G. is huf-oem, i. e. the sea eagle. Hence indeed the Linnean designation, haliaetus. It is also denominated ^i/i-oc/-/;, or the fish.eagle; Faun. Suec. ERNAND, part. pr. The \ii.y, befoir the suddane Nichtis chaicc, Dois not so suiftlie go ; Nor hare, befoir the crnand grewhound's face. With speid is careit so. Maitlcind Poems, p. 217. This may signify, running; from A. S. ge-aern-an, eorn-an, yrn-an, currere. Or does it mean, keen, eagerly desirous, A.S. georn.an,coni:,\i\i\iccv6,georn, cupidus ; \f,\. giarn, desiderans; ^loc^G. gairn-an, Isl. girn-ast, cupere? ERISF-FERN, s. The Brittle fern, or polypody, Polypodium fragile, Linn. ; found on high rocks, S. It might hence seem to have received its designation, these being the abode of the eagle or crn. But it may be corr. from cafer-fcrn, the A. S. name of this plant. ERSE, adj. used as a s. The name vulgarly given to that dialect of the Celtic which is spoken by the Highlanders of S. This name has originated from their Gothic neigh- bours, from the idea of their being an Irish colony : for the Highlanders themselves invariably call their language Gaelic. ERT AND, part.fr. Than Schir Gawyne the gay, gude and gracius, — Egir, and ertand, and ryght anterus, — Melis of the message to Schir Golagnis. Gaican and Gol. ii.7. This may signify ingenious in forming a proper plan, from .,•////, v. to aim. As conjoined with egir and anterus, it may, however, have some meaning a- nalogoiis to high-spirited, mettlesome; Isl. erl-a, ir- ritare, ertinn, irritabundus. ESCH, s. The ash, a tree. The hie eschis soundis thare and liere. Doug. Virgil, 365. 10. EsCHIN, adj. Of or belonging to the ash. Grcte cschin stokkis tumbillis to the ground. Doug. Virgil, 1611. 19, To ESCHAME, -j. n. To be ashamed. Hschames of our sleuth and cowardise, Scand thir gent ills ;uid thir p.apanis auld Ensew vertew, and eschew euerj' vice. Doug. Virgil, Prol. 358. 4. A. S. ascam-icn, ashamed, MoesG. skam-an, ctm» bcscere. ESCHEL, EscHF.LE, Eschei-l, Escheill, s. " A division of an array arranged in some par- ticular manner; but its form I cannot find ;" Pink. In II csclirlis ordanyt he had The folk that he had in leding; The King, weile sone in the mornyng. Saw fvrst cumraand tliar fyrst escfiele^ ESC ESS Arrayit sarraly, and weile : And at thar bak, sumdeill ner hand, He saw the tothyr foUowand. Barbour, viii. 521. MS. In edit. 1620, instead of ii eschelis, it is. In bat- tels tzca, &c. The word is evidently O. Fr. eschidle, a squadron. Concerning this, Caseneuve observes ; C'est ce qu'ils appelloient Scarae, Hincmar, Epist. 5. Bellator. um acics, quas vulgari sermone Scaras vocainus. Ayraoinus, Lib. ir. c. 16. collegit c Franciac bclla- toribus, Scaram, quam nos Turmam, vel Ciiiieum, appellare possumus. It would appear that L. B. scala merely denoted a division of an army : ]ManipuIus militaris, sou quae- vis niilitura turma, sive equitum, sive peditum dici- tur, Gall, eu-adron, — olim cschicllc. Suumque exercitum in duas Scalas seupartes divisit. Charta, A. 1393. ap. Du Cange. As, however, the word cchellon is a modern mili. tary terra, it has been said, that eschele is " used in modern tactics, and means the oblique movement of a number of divisions." Edin. Rev. Oct. 1803. p. 206. But there is not any proof, I imagine, that it was used in this sense when Barbour wrote. The use of the term, Barbour, xii. 214. confirms the idea, that, in a general sense, it denoted a di- vision of an army. Schaip we ws tharfor in liie mornyng, Swa that we, be the sone rysing, Haff herd mass ; and busky t wcill Ilk man in till his awn esckelly With out the p.iilyownys, amy it In bafaillis, with baneris displayit. Also, B. xvi. 401. IMS. — And Richmond, in gud aray. Come ridand in the fyrst eichcill. In the same general sense it is used, Wyntown, viii. 40. 155. 159. This is confirmed by its signification in O. E. In thre parties to fight his oste he did deuisc. Sir James of Auenu he had the first eschele, AVas non of his vertu in armes didso wele. R. Briaine, p. 187. 188. To me it appears, that both Fr. eschicUe and L. B. scala are originally Goth. ; and may have been intro- duced through the medium of the Frankish. Su.G.. skucl signifies discrimen, and may properly enough have been applied to the squadrons into ^^hich an. army was divided; skil-fa, distinguere, separare ; from the Isl. particle ska denoting division, and cor- responding to Lat. dis; Germ, schel-en, A. S. sct/l- an, id. To ESCHEVE, Eschew, -j. a. To atchieve. Bot he the mar be wnhappy, He sail escheic it in party. Barbour, iii. 292. i\IS. Fr. achev-cr, id. HscHEW, s. An atchievement. Thar a siege set that. And quhill that thir assegis lay, At thir castellis I spak oll'ar, Apert esche-^yjs oft maid thar war: And mony fayr chewalry Eicheici/t war full douchtely. Barbour, xx. 16. MS, In edit. 1620, assaul/s is substituted. But it is evidently a more general idea that is conveyed by the term ; as afterwards expl. by the v. from which it is formed. ESFUL, adj. " Producing ease, commodious." Til Ingland he wes rycht specyale, — Hawand the Papys full powere In all, that til hym esful were. IVi/ntoKn, vii. 9. 06, E.SK, s. An eft or newt, S. V. Ask. To ESK, Eesk, Yesk, -j. n. To hiccup, S. B. A. S. gisc-ian, Isl. hi/gxt-a, hyxt-a. Germ, gar-en, gix-cn, Belg. hix-en, id. Junius mentions E. 3/.";!; as used in the same sense. EsKiN, Eeskin, s. The hiccup, S. B. A. S. geocsung, Isl. hixte, Belg. hicksc, id. V. thew. ESPERANCE, s. Hope, Fr. id. This is the terra commonly used by Bellcnden. " The Pychtis wer ereckit in esperance of bet- ter fortoun." Cron. F. 40. a. It is used by Shakspeare. ESPYE, s. Scout or spy. • Welcum celestiall myrrour and cspije, Atteiching all that hands sluggardry. Doug. Virgil, 403. 50. Fr. espie, id.. EsPYELL, s. A spy. " The Quein had amongis us hir assured Espt/ellis, quho did not onelie signifio untc hir qahat w.is our estait, bot also quhat was our counsaiU, purpois, and devyses." Knox, p. 188. ESPINELL, s. A sort of ruby. Syne thair was hung, at thair hals bane, The Eypinell, a precious stane. Burcl, WiUsoiCs Coll. ii, 11. Fr. espinelle. ESPOUENTABILL, adj. Dreadful. The thunder raif the cloudis sabill. With horribill sound espouentabill. Li/ndsay's Mon. 1592. p. 39- O. Fr. cspouvcnttible, id. ESS, c Ace. V. Syis. ESSYS, pi. — To the kyrk that tyme he gare Wyth wsuale and awld custwrays, Rychtis, Essi/s, and fredwmys, la Byll titlyd, and thare rede. Wyntoicn, vii. 5. 108. Eyssis, Asiments ; V.ar. Read. This is what ia, our old Laws is called easements, advantages or emo- luments. Fr. aise. ESSONYIE, EssoiNYiE, j-v An excuse offered for non-appearance in a court of law. " 'I'here is ane other kinde of excuse or essonyic, quhilk is necessare; that is, quhen ar.e is essonyicxl, because he is beyond the vf3.tex of Forth or of Spey." Reg. Maj. B. i. c. 8. § 12. Fr. essoine, exoi'n, id. V. Assoinyie. EssoNYiER, s. One who offers an excuse in a court of law for the absence of another. " He sail be summoned to conrpeir, and to answere vpon hftene dayes wairning, and to declare quby he compcircd nocht, to waraiit his cssonjjicr- sent be him, to be harmeles and skeathles, as he sould doe of the Jaw." Reg. Maj. B. i. c 8. | 6. 3B Z E T T f.STER, f. An oyster. My potent ;.ardonni3 yo may b*, Cmn fiu (h4- Can «f TarUrio, Weill Sfilit wich t-.'/er schcllis. Li/nrisa^, S. P. Repr. ii. 69. Ikig. »esler, id. Thi: modcru pronuuciation is ottet\ S. ESTLER, adj. Hewin, Braw tuwiis Nhall rise, with steeples mony a anc, And houst!S bit;git a' with estler static. Rammy's Poems, i. 60. V. Aislaih. ETH, oye. ETHIK, Etick, adj. l. Hectic. " Quhil sic thyngis war done in Scotland, Am- brose kyng of Britonis fell in ane dwynand seiknes naniy t the E/hik feiiir." Bellcnd. Cron. B. ix. c. 1. Jlicliaim fcbrem ; Boeth. 2. Feeble, delicate. In this sense etick is still used, S. B. Fr. clique, hectic, consumptive; also, lean, ema- ciated. ETIN, s. A giant. V. Eyttvn. ETION, t. Kindred, lineage, S. B. Bat thus in counting of my ction I need na mak sic din, For It's well kent Achilles was My father's brithcr sin. Poemx in the liuchan Dialect, p. 4. This is probably allied to Isl. Su.G. aett, ett, fa- mily ; whence elar, relations, aettling, a kinsman, aettlucg, a progeny or race, iic. It appears that in O. Gotli. actt-a signitied to beget. Ihre has observed, that almost in all languages a word of this form denotes a parent: as Gr. aVx, Moe>G. ultii, Lat. a/ta, C. B. aita, Belg. Iwi/fe, Tcut. actlr, and Isl. cddn, a grandmother. ETNAGH BERRIES, Juniper berries; also called r»t:r! leiries, Arg. With the cauld stream she qiieuch'd her lowan drouth, Sync of the Etnagh-berric- ate a fouth ; That black and ripe upon (he busses grew, Aud were new watered wiih the evening dew. Russ\<; Uelenore, p. 62. Ir. ailetmn, Gael, (iltiii, signify furze. To I'.TTIL, Ettle, Attel, v. a. i. To aim, to take aim at any object; as, to ettle a stroie, to ettle a static, to take an aim \vith it, S. He atteled witli a slrjik hif slayn him in slight ; The swerd swapped on his snaugc, and on the maylc slik. ,, , Sir Gaann aad Sir Gal. ii. 22. Nixt scharp Mneslheus war and awysee Vuto the heid jias halu vp on hie BaJlh arrow and ene, rllandat (he merk. , , ^^""S- l^'irsil, 1 U. 43. lie tUUt Uic beriic in at the breist. Chr. Kirk. st. li. EVE 2. To make an attempt, S, If I but etlle at a sang, or speak. They dit their lugs, syne u\> their leglins cleek. Riimsays Puenis,-i\. 68. 3. To propose, to design ; denoting the act of the mind, S. A. Bor. id. to intend ; also corr. ecile. This goddes ettillit, gif werdes war not contrare, This realme to bi" superior and maistres To all landis. Doug, rirgil, 13. 34. Quhat purpossis or etlis thou now lat se ? Ibid. 441. "id. 4. To direct one's course. By diuers casis, sere parrellis and sufferance Unto Itaill we cttill, quharedestanye Has schap for ts ane rest, and quiet harbryc. Doug i'lrgil, 19. 23. Holland, having said that the Turtle wrote letters, adds that he planelye thanie yald To the swallow so swift, harrakl in hcde. To ettill to the Emproure, of ancestry aid. Houlato, i. 23. This, at first view, might seem to denote informa- tion, or the act of connnuuicating intelligence. But perhaps it merely signifies, that the messenger was to direct his course to the Emperour. Isl. aeda til, dcstinare ; Verel. Ihre observes, that this word indicates the various actings of the mind, with respect to any thing determined, as judging, ad. vising, hoping, &c. and views it as aliad to Gr. ihh-a. It would api)ear that I he primary sense of the Isl. V. is puto, opinor. It also signifies, deputo, destinor ; G. Andr. Mihi est in propositis ; Krist- nisag. Gl. Ettle, Etling, s. l. A mark, S. But fainness to be hamc, that burnt my breast. Made me [to] tak the ettle when it keest. iloss's Helenure, p. 1 12. 2. Aim, attempt, S. For Nannie, far before the rest. Hard upon noble Maggie prest. And flew at Tarn wi' furious ettle. Burns, iii. 335. 3. Aim, design; respecting the mind. Bot oft failyeis the fulis thocht; And wyss mennys etling Cummys nochf ay to that ending That thai think it sail cum to. * • Barbour, i. 583. MS. V. the v. Eitlement, intention, A. Bor. To EVEN, 'J. a. J. To equal, to compare, S. with the prep, to subjoined. " To even one thing to another ; to equal or com. \ pare one thing to another." Sir J. Sinclair's Observ. p. 29. Shame fa' yon and your lands baith ! Wad ye e'e« your lands lo your born billy ? ^ Minslrehij Border, i. 202. 2. To bring one down to a certain level. " God tuought never this world a portion worthy of you : he would not even you to a gift of dirt and ' clay." Rutherford's Lett. Ep. 6. * Itittdtia even myself to sic a thing, I would not j E V I iltimcan luyself so far, as to make the supi^obUiou tLd( 1 would do it. 3. To talk of one person as a match for another in marriage, S. " To uvtn, IS sometimes made use ef in Scotland, for to laj/ out one person for another in marriage." Sir J. Sincljir, p. 29. The vulgar phrase is, Thejj are even'cl thcgUhcr. hl.jafn.ci, aequare, quadrare facere, MoesG. ibii- an, gu-/bn-an, Teut. effeii-en^ id. EVENDOUN,fl^'. 1. Straight, perpendicular, S. 2. Honest ; equivalent to E. doivaright, S. 3. It is used to denote a very heavy fall of rain. This is called an evendoun pour, S. q. what falls without any thing to break its force. EVERICH, adj. Every ; enjerichmie, every one. The bird, the beste, the lisch eke in the sec, They lyve in fredome evericli in his kynd. King's Qiiair, ii. 8. And, cftir this, the birdis evirichone Tuke vp ane other sang full loud and clore. Ibid. ii. 45. A. S. aefre eac, id. Euerych, R. Glouc. EUERILK, adj. Every. — Of all fonlis of the air Oi euerilk kinde cnterit ane pair. JLj/)idsat/'s IVurkis, p. 39. A.S. aefre calc, semper unisquisque, which Johns, views as the origin of I'/, evert/. But it is rather from ticfre euc. V. preceding word. EuiRiLKANE, adf. Every one ; etier ilkone, R. Brunne. — Be north the Month war nane, Then thai his men war euirilkane. Barbour, ix. 305. MS. EUILL-DEDY, adj. Wicked, doing evil-deeds. "This contenlioun rais be euill dedjj men that niycht sufl'er na peace." Bellend. Gron. l''ol. 63. b. See. lerum conscii : Boeth. Se quhat it is to be evtjU deidj/. Li)tid.-iuii, S. P. R. ii. 188. A. S. 1/fel-daeda, t/fcl-in; or rather Sw./a^g-rt^uu */>, ouerarc, Se- ren. N. to. Viig-end. F.^DGE, Page, j. l. « A large flat loaf or ban- nock ; commonly of barley-meal, and bakecl, among ashes," Sibb. But the word is also used to denote a kind of flat whcaten loaf, bak.ed with barm, in the oven. Loth. " They make not all kindos of breade, as law requyres ; that is, aiie fagc, symniel, wastell, pure cicane breade, mixed breade, and bread of trayt." C'halmcrlan Air. c. 9. § 4. A (tlasgow eajion and a. fudge Ye thought a feast. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 339. " A herring, and a course kind of lcavened,brcad used by the common people." Note. F A I Skene derives this from Or. fixy-^i, to cat. But it is undoubtedly the same with Teut. iccgghc, paui» t,-ilicus, lihuui ohloiigum, Kiiian. Belg. zcegge, a cake, a farthing-loaf. Sw. helzeegg, a sort of bread prep.ired with spit-es, eaten warm on Shrove- tide, q. calidus paiiis. Perhaps Vr.fuiiacc, a thick cake, or bun, hastily baked, has the same origin. 2. A lusty and clumsy woman, S. Her oxen may dye i' the house, Billle, And her kyc into the byre ; And I sail hae nothing to my sell But a [atfadgc by the fyre. Hir Tlwmas and Fair Annet, Ritsoii's S. Songs, ii. 188. To FADLE, Faidle, v. n. To walk, in an awkward and waddling- manner, Ang. Tlii;. is perhaps radically the same with Vj.tvaddle, the oiigin of which is very uncertain. FADOM, ,f. A fathom, S. Isl. fadm-r, id. quantum mensura se possnnt c\. tendere lacerti cum manibns ; G. Andr. The IsL word also signifies the bosom. FAGALD, s. Faggot. — G ret fagaldis thiuoffthai maid, Gyrdyl with ime bandis braid. The fugalJh- Weill iiiycbt niesiiryt be Till a grct townys quautite. Barbour, xvii. 61 j. MS. Instead of townys, in edit. Pink, it is tonrys : edit. 1620 tiinnj/s, i. e. the size or a weight of a tun. Mr Pink, renders /ag-a/all eschew il in party. liiirhutir, iii. 28!). MS. This cannot signify trial, endeavour. For how could a man atcJiieve any tliju:; without (his? Can it mean, defection, lliucliin^ or turning aside, A. S. F A I fundung, dccessus, recessus ? Or perhaps shifting, guile, Su.G. fund, Belg. vond, dolus, tccbuac ? This agrees viiih faintice conjoined. FAINY, adv. — Thai war both/a//i^ oursett; thairfoir 1 rourne soir. Houlatc, ii. 17. The word is rery indistinct in MS. FAINTICE, /. Dissembling, hypocrisy, Bar- hour, iii. 288. MS. V. Faynding. Ft. faintise, id. from faind.re, to dissemble. FAIPLE, X. One is said to hang his /aiple, when chopfallen, or when from ill humour he lets fall his under jaw, S. It is only by transposition, that we could suppose any affinity to Su.G. y?/;).a, plorare ; Isl.Jiipa, la- brum vulueris pendulum. FAIR, adj. Calm, opposed to stormy. It is fair, hut. rainy ; Orkney. FAIR, Fere, Feyr, s. Appearance, shew, car- riage, gesture. Thus thai faught upone fold, with ane {A fair, Quhill athir berne in that breth bokit in blude. — The fcght sa felly thai fang, with ane fresch fair. Gaioan and Got. ii. 21. All efrayt of that/a»' wes the fresch king. Ibid. iv. 21. Bot he was ladlike of lait, and light of his/ere. Ibid. i. 13. Turnus thare duke reulis the raiddil oist, With glaue in hand maid awful/ere and boist. Doug. Firgil, 274. 29. Tell me hhfe^r, and how I sail him knaw, Quhat is his oyss ; and syn go luge the law. The schipraan sayis, Rycht weill ye may him ken, Throu graith takynnys, fnll clerly by his men. Wallace, ix. 101. MS. With club, and bel, and partie cote with ciris He feinyeit him ane fule, fond in his feiris. Priesls of Pehlis, S. P R. i. 19. This term seems allied to A. S.faer, iter, gressi}s, Isl. id. iter, profectio, coniitatus ; atferd, modus, mefhodus ; from Su.G. /ar-a, agere, Ihre, p. 430, or foer-a, duccre. But it cannot be denied, that it sometimes occurs in a sense very similar to that of A. S./eorA, vultus, or Wem.faruua, forma. j4(fer has the same signification and source. Espe- cially as denoting niilitary preparation or equipment, it may be immediately traced to Su.G. affuerd-a, to send away, ablegare, mittere from af, from, and facrd-ax, a deriv. from far-a profisisci, and of the same meaning. F.\IR, Fayr, Far, s. l. Solemn or ostenta- tious preparation. — He thoncht he wald, in his lyff, Cronn hys young son, and hys wyif. And at that (jarlcament swa did he With gret/ttj/j- and solemnyto. Barbour, \\. 126. MS. — Quhen ner cummyn wes the day, That ordaiiyt for the weddyn was. The Erie, and the Lord of Douglas, Come to B.Twik, with niekiH/ur, F A I And broncht young Dawy with <)iaim tliar. Ibid. vcr. 83. MS. 2. Funeral solemnity. Thai did to that douphty as the dedc art. Utbir four of the folk foiindis to the fair, That wcs ilight to the dcde, be the dav can daw, Gau^aii and Got. iii. 7. Thus fair here cU-arly denotes the solemn rites Mcing or due to tlic dead, and prepared for (hem. Gerni./('^;-.c/(, to celebrate, /('^fre, a festivity, a solemnity, feyr.tag, a festival day ; Alem.^/.on, Su.G. Jir-a., celebrarc. Some derive these terms from Cietm.fciir, ignis, as i( fej/rcii uierclv signi- fied, to light iiji Ihe ^firci at the projier seasons, which were kindled in honour of the heathen deities, by the ancient Gernians. Others view the term as originally denoting fire-Korship. But as many Gothic, as well as Celtic terms, respecting religion, were introduced by the Latins, it is more probable that this word was formed from Ijit. fcr-ia, a holi- day ; whence also Fr-foirc, E. and S. fair, a market. I am not fully satistiod that tliis ought to be view, cd as radically diHerent from the preceding word. The ideas suggested by both are very congenial. FAIR, s. Business, affair. This rich man, be he had hard this tail, Full sad in mynd he wox baith wan and pail. And to liimselfe he said, sickand full sair, Allace, how now ! this is an haisty fair. Pric-ts of Pchli^, Pink. S. P. R. i. 38. This may be contracted from Fr. ajfuire. Or the observation made by Tjrwhitt may here apjjly ; that /are " seems to have been derived from the Fr. V. fairc, whenever it can be interpreted by the word rtr^ />«. Painted, disguised. V, Fard, v. FAIRDING, s. Violent blowing. The boriall blasts, with mony schouf, In that forest did He ; Not caldly, bot baldlie. They thud;t throw the treis : \\ ith rairding znAfairding, On hie the fier fleis. BurcVs Pilgr. IVataon's Coll. ii. 17. Fardis is used, Doug. Virgil, for violent blasts of wind. V. Fard, s. FAYRE, Fare, s. Course, journey, voyage. And all the weddr^s iu thaire/ty//-e Wcs to thare purpos all con tray re. tVi/ntown, vi. 20. 1G5. Isl. far, iter. Hence E. uarfare. V. Faird. FAIR-FARAND. V Farand. FAIRFASSINT, adj. Having great appear- ance of discretion or kindness, without the re- ality, Ang. From /(//■/• and Fa'fson, q t. FAIR- FOLK, .f. Fairies. V. Farefolkis. FAlR-FUIR-DAYS. V. Fure-dayis. FAIRHEID, s. Beauty, fairness; Dunbar. FAIRIN, ¥AR-SE,part pa. Fared, from/a;v. '• Advertise me tymely iu the morning how ye hauc/(////'//, for 1 will be in pane unto 1 get worde." Lett. Detection Q. Mary, H. 4, a. The King than at thame speryt yarne, How thai, sen he thaim seyne, hid fame. Harbour, Hi. b 17. M'i. Chaucer, faren. FAIRY-HILLOCKS, pi. Verdant knolls, in ... piany parts of the country, which have receiv- ed this denomination, from the vulgar idea that ^ these were anciently inhabited by the fairies, or that they used to dance there, S. The very same superstition still remains in Swe. den. The language of Ihre conveys precisely the latter idea. Aelfdans, ita vocantur circuli, qui in pratis cernuntur laetiori ridere virore. Credit vul. gus hie saltasse Alfos. V. Olai Magni llist. Lib. 3. c. 10. v?, saltatio. V. Farefolkis. To FAIRLY. V, Ferly, v. FAIRNTICKL'D, adj. Freckled. V. Ferni- TICKLED. FAIT, s. To lose fait of a thing, to lose one's good opinion of it, S. This seems to be originally a Fr. expression ; perhaps from /a/Ve /(?/e >/a, per (lolum et claudcstinas artes a- TBf tore, Ihrr ; to carry oft" by guile ; Jias-a, to flat- tor, in whatever way. FAKLKSS. V, Feckless, FALD, Fauld, /. 1. A fold, a sheep-fold, S. Anil ill your loof yo's g<;t, as afr doiiu taiild, Ttio >vor(h of all that suck within yonrf aiiU. Rofs'.i llelenorc, )). 116. 2. .\n inclosure of any kind ; applied to an army intrenched ^vith stakes. Kscliame ye not Phrigianis, that twyis tak is, To be inclusit am^d anc fald of stakis ? And be assegeit ajjane sa oft syis, With akin spylis and dykis on sic wys ? Doug. Higi/, 298. 51. A.S. fa/aed,fald, Alem. hi. fald, Su.G.fi/ella, L. B. J'tild-a,- septum aniniallum. Sibli. fancifully d«riies thi^ '■' q. Juc-h/t from /«/(, iniinicus (wolf or f(i\) and liuttaii, impedire,. originally made of planks ; or q. fic-luiJd, a place for holding Jie or sheep." But it is evidently from MoesG. fald-an, A. S. feuld-un, Su.G. Jaal-a^ plicare. Sfahulitm, l)roprie vcro septum ex stipitibus cratibusque in terrani defivis coinplicalisque factum. V. Spelnian, TO. i'Wrfrt ; Junius, Gl. Goth. vo. Faldaii. Ihre derives facfla, a fold, from faell-a conjungere. To Fai.d, F.\uld, v. a. To inclose in a fold, S. S\v. Jnella frrur, to inclose sheep. (Sibb. has observed that " the Saxon husbandmen ■\verc obliged commonly to fold their sheep upon the fields of tlic landlord, for the benefit of the dung; which servitude was called fiddgcing." It was also called fnldsvcn, or the privilego of having such a fold : L. a.fnldairitim, E.faldtigc, a.ho fo/d-CQitrxe, and free-fold. The money paid b^' the vasial' to his superior, for being freed from this obligation, ■was called in A. S./n/Jfrt«fe.;)fn?"nf. To Fald, v. n. To bow, to bend, to submit, S. tiiihen 1 your be^vtie do bchald, ..V . ■> nil ina'i unto vour fairnes ////(/. PlnUii.H.^. Pint. S. P.R.m.^. Ofth' Vlaiiders, thou forced (or io fald, .ii. I ^c^ >s dcbuiWd from thy obedience darre. • ■> . ■ '; I I' i Garden's Thca/re,.^. i4. In this serjse the term *ee)ns to bo used by Wynt. Kol Forlowne,, thowcht scho/rtWfekilly,. ol -- . ^y''.*/**"'.*;!!^ at anis myscheftis faj), i i >j ' ( v Cro/t. >iii, 33. 1^4. ' This, according -to Mr Macphersou,, " seeme pret. of Fa/, which appears to be overturn, ^It-ro:e duicn,'' (.1. But the idea is not natural. F«W apparently sifnifios bind, as denoting the variable character at- tributed to' Kor(iin(i ; from A.^.f-atd.m plicare, used mctaph. Fall might signify, to let fall; if there were any example of its being used in (his ac- tive sense Su.G. Isl. f/ielUa, however, signifies to fit together, (o associate. Fadla ,ammcM sahr, to join diir.rent arcuv.nions together : hence fallin uptiis. It also signifies (o shed, to let fall. " Naythcr the a pertie wald/«/,/ to the uthcr,nor ,vet condescend to ony niidds." Historic James Sest ■p. '52. ' 'lo >'ALE, o. ft. To happen, to take place. — That done of his counsal wes, " '■ "•' F A L Tyl hald thaim in marc sikkyrnes Than iier-hand a se bc-sid, Quharc doiitis and perilis rmyfa/e sum tid. IVipitoTsn, ix. 24. 146. Evidently the same with E. fall ; Su.G. f allay acciderc. FALK, Fauk, s. The Razor-bill, a bird ; Alca toida, Linn. •' The bird, by the inhabitants called the Fa/H, the Razor-bill in the West of England, the Jick in the North, the Murre in Cornwall, Jlca Hoicri, is a size less than the Lavij." Martin's St Kilda, p. 33. V. Faik, s. To FALL, V, n. 1. To fall to, as one's portion, pron. favj., S. Anc said, The fairest fallis me ; Tak ye the laif and fonc thanic. Pehli.\ to the P/aj/, st. 7. 2. To be one's turn, br rotation, or according to fixed order. It fawis me now., S. To Fall hy, v. n. To be lost or disappear for a time, S. " Christ's papers of that kind cannot be lost or fall til). Rutherford's Lett. p. 11. ep. 28. To FALL with child, to become pregnant, S. Isl. /«« is used in a similar sense, denoting the pregnancy of cattle ; suscipere foetum, gigoere, G. Andr. p. 63. But this seems to be only a peculiar use of f(i(t, capere. To FALL. Wynt. vii. 33. 134. V. Fald, v. 2. FALL, (pron.yrtui) s. A measure nearly equal to an E. perch or rood, S. ; including six ells square, S. "There is twa sortes oi f (tiles, the ane lineall, the vther superficial!: The lineall /a// is ane met. wand, rod, or raip, of Sex clnes lang, quhairbe length and bredth are seuerally met. Ane superli- cia I !/'«// of lande, is sa meikle boundes of landes, as squairly contcins ane lineall fall of bredth, and ane lineal! /a// of length." Skene, Verb. Sign. vo. Par. tieatii. ■• 1 iiiil. . When he says, in the same place, that" sa meikle lande, a? in measuring fallcs vnder the rod, or raip, in length is called ane /«// of measure;" he seems to derive the w ord from the v. fall. But full is synon. with rod. For it is evidcntl)' the same with Su.G. /«/(', pertica, a jiole or perch. The inhabit- tants of CJotliland use fala in the same sense ; also for a staff or cudgel. Isl. fule always denotes the -handle of a spear. Su.G. isal (val) is synon. with /«/e, fustis, pertica. This is evidently a very ancient terra. For Ul- philas uses zsali//i.i for staffs, the pi. ofzcal-iis. Ihre recltoiis Lat. vall-iiA, a stake or palisade, a kindred word ; and observes that the Celts prefix g. C. B. Arm. gica/en, whence Fr. gaule, a rod or pole. Thus it appears that we have received this name for a measure, as well as raip, from the Scandina- vians. V. Raip. Fal/,fa:c, is the only term used for a rood in S. FALL, Fa\\ , s. A trap ; Mouse-Jaw, a trap for catching mice, S. Uonses I haif enow of grit defence, F A L Of cat, npr/«//, nor trap, ILaif nae dreid. Borro7::fioii/i Mous, Evergreen, ii. 148. St. 13. Germ. /«^/e, Su.G. /«//a, Bc\g. val, A.S.feall, decipula ; miis~fealle, Belg. mui/ic-vul, a mouse, trap. It is so denominated, because in the forma. tion of a trap, there is something that/a//*, and se- cures the ))rey. FALLBRIG, s. A sort of bridge, used in a siege ; so called, because the besiegers let it fall on the walls, that they might enter by means of it, — Thai the schip on na nianer Mycht gcr to cum the wall sa ner. That that fal//>rig niycht neyth thartill, For oucht thai mycht, gud or ill. Bariioifr, xvii. 419. MS. FALLEN STARS, Jelly tremelk, S. Treinel- la Nostoc, Linn, j a gelatinous plant, found in pastures, 8cc. after rain. It has a similar name in Sw., " Sty.fall, i. e. fragmentuni nimbi." Linn. Flor, Suec. 1 13(j. Sea Fallen Stars, Sea Lungs, S. ; an animal thrown on the sea-shore in summer and au- tumn ; Medusa aequorea, Linn. To FALLOW, V. a. To follow, S. Sterti the bchuflfis, les than thou ivar vnkynJ, As for to leif thy brothir desolate All hyme allane, n^fuUois the samjn gate. Doug, rirgii, 339. 36. Here the E. retains the original vowel as in A. S. folg-iu)!, Alem. folg.en, Belg. t'olg.en ; while the S. changes it. This is a singular instance. FALOW, Fallow, s. Fellow, associate. Jhone the Sowlys that ilke yhcre Wyth Jhon Cwmyncfaloze and fere As a wardane of Scotland. IVi/iitozsn, viii. 15. 128. It is full fair for to hcjulloic, and feir, To the best that has been bcevit you beforne. Gazcan and Gol. i. 22. - Faloxo and fere are synon. terms. Gotli. felag, soJalitium, communitas, a foc/ga, sequi, Scrcn. V. Fellow. To Fallow, v, a. To equal, to put on a foot- ing with. And lat no nettill vyle, and full of 'vyce, Her falloic to the gudly ilour-de-lyce. Dunbar, Bannuti/ne Poems, p. 6. st. 20. FALSAR, Falsarie, .r. A falsifier, a forger. " — King James the Fyft, and in lykewyse our souerane Lady, maid ac(is for ordouring of Notaris, and jiunischement of fahuris." Acts Mar. 1553. c. 18. Edit. 1566. c. 44. Murray. " If the servant of any wryter to the signet shall adhibite his masters subscription to a bill of suspen- sion, or other bill used to be drawn by wryters, — they will proceed against and jmnish these persons i^faharies and forgers of writes." Acts Sed. July ult. 1678. L. B. Fahariiis literarum, qui literas supponit Tel adulferat ; O. Ft. faulsuire, id. FALSED, Falsette, Falsit, s. i. Falshood. Fayth hes ane fayr name, hot falsit faris better. Dunbar, MaUland Poemsy p. 61. F A M 2. A forgery. " — Considdering the greit and mony fuhi it U dayhe done within this realme be Notaris,— thair- foir it is statute," &c. Acts Mar. 1555. c. 44. ubisup. '^ Fr.faulsete, id. Su.G. fuhkhet, versutia". O. Want, of whatever FALT, Faute, Fawt, J-. kind. Bot that war wondir for to fall, Na wa.r faute oifdiscretioun. Harbour, vi. 345. MS. Thus gud Wallace with Inglissmcn was tane. In fait of helpc, for he was him allayne. Wallace, ii. 142. MS. Thai thocht he suld, for gret necessife, An& faute oftfudc, to steyll out oft the land. Ibid. vili. 710. MS. Faut is sometimes used by itself, to denote want of food. And now {or faut and mister she was spent, As water weak, and dweble like a bent. Ross's Hclenore, p. 25. Defaut of mete, O. E. Atte last the kyng was y brougt to gronde, For honger for defaut of niefe, alas ! thiikc stonde. R. Glouc. p. 56. O. Ft. faute, want of any thing; Tcut. faute, defectus, Su.G. faf, fuaf, id. T/ui them var faaf, lade han til ; when any thing was wanting, he sup. plied it, Chron. Rhythm, ap. Ihre ; fat.as, ls\.faf- as/, dclicere, deessc. FAME, Faim, Feim, j-. i. Foam, S. Tlie bittir blaslis, confrarious alwayis, Throw wallis huge, salt/t/wc, and wiisum wayis, AuJ throw the perrellus rolkis, can vs driue.' Doug. Virgil, 29. 52. 2. Passion. In a mighty feim, in a great rage, S. B. q. foaming with fury. This, however, may be allied to lil.fum.a, eltx feror ; which is also rendered as a subst., rae- ceps motus, G. Andr. p. 80. A. S. fam, faem, Germ, faum, spuma. To FA^^, V. n. To be in a rage, S. •■,feim, S. B. FAMEN,/./. Foes. Guthre, be that, did rycht weyll in the foun ; And Ruwan als dang off thar /«;«e« doun. Wallace, ix. 720. MS. Bayth schayme and fellouu ire Thare breistis had infiammyt bote as fyre, In the plane feild on thare/rtwew to set. Doug. Virgil, j- WyntoM-n. V. FiTit. i'unth is till- prei. of MocsG./f/i/Zi-on, scire, cog. no-.rere, ind-lligero; whicli, 1 am convinced, is ori- ijinally ihe same •with A.S. fiiKl-an. invenire. For what is it tojinil, hut to attain the kno;:lrtlgr of any object, of that especially which is matter of inquiry ? To FANE, i<. a. Vy onhir that can nochtfenyeliirawin name to fane! Yet am I wvs in sic wark, and nas all my (yine. Viiiihar, Mailluiid Vocms, p. 61. This apparently signifies, to cover, to [irotect. The only word that seems to have any affinity is Su.G. vaann-a, curare. FANE. In fane, fondly, eagerly. With spurris speedily thai speid Our fellis in Jane. Gaaan and Gol. i. 2. A. S. Su.G./«c^e«, laetus; li\. fagn-a, laetor, gaudeu. FANG, /. 1. Capture, act of apprehending. To my purpos breilHy I will me liaist, How pud Wallace was set amang his fayis. To London with him ClytViird and Wallang gais, Quliar king l^duiiard was rycht fayn off that fang, Wallace, xi. 1219. MS. Hence one is said to bo in (he fang, when seized, either by the hand of man, or by severe afHiction, so as Id lind it impossible to escape, S. B. •2. Tiic thing that is seized or carried ofT; as stolen goods, Ang. According to lludd. " we say. a thief taken //) flic fang, i. c. in the act, or upon the jjlace." But the jihrasc is ici/ti the fang, i. c. having in possession. Fur. as Skene observes, it is equivalent to " hand, liaveand, and bark-bearand." " It is statute be the I^awc of (his rcalme, that .ino thicfe of stollen woodde. taken tcith the fang in ane vlhcr Lrirdcs landes, suld be arreisted with the wood, and sail sull'er the law in his court, fra quhom the woodde was stollen." Skene, Verb. Sign. vo. Injangthrfe. V. also Quon. Attach, c. 39. § 2. Snap went the sheers, then in a wink, ']L\\cfung was stow'd beliinil a bink. Morixon'x Poems-, p. 110. 3. Used in the pi., mctaph. for claws or talons ; as, " he had liiin in h\s fung.t," Rudd. S. A. Bor. fang., a paw or claw. 4. " The coil or bend of a rope ; hence also, noose, trap ;" Gl. Sibb. Sibh. strangely supposes that it Ls (he same wi(h thicnng, ichang ; being deceived by the oblique use of (he- term, in (lie fourth sense. Hence, having pro- perly mendoned .\.S.fang. captuin, captus, he adds, " from th:caiig, corrigia, ligamentum. But (here is tio( the sligli(est affini(y. A. S./«H^', Tout, rrtnn^/ic, id. correspond to the first scn«c. lsl./<7«^-r, fengc, equally agrees with FAN the second, being rendered praeda, captura» Su.G. /ne»^c denotes a captive; \\\\cacv faen gehux , a prison, Jaengehc, captivity, &c. Tent, vangh also signifies decijiuluni, (endicula; which accords with the fourth. A. Si. fang may be from feng-an, capere, nianu pre. hendere. This, however, is only a derivative from MocsG. Alem. fah-an, id. in the same manner as A. S. hang-an is formed from MoesG. hah-an, suspenderc. As the primary sense of Su.G. Isl./aa, apprehendere, is, accipere, the s. fang may have been formed from il before the v., and formed so as origi. nallv to incliule (he idea of receiving. P'or Isl.fang has been viewed as primarily signifying the bosom, or (hespaee between the arms; and derivatively, as much as a man can grasp in his arms. Hence, in gradatioUj it may have been transferred to power ;^right of possession ; violent invasion ; prry, &.c. V. Verel. Ind. To FANK, Fankle, v. a. To entangle, especial- ly by means of knots or nooses. A line is said tohejhniity oxfanklit, when it is so entangled and warped, that it cannot easily be unravelled, S. Lo, quoth (he Mous, this is our ryal Lord, (juha gaif me grace quhen I was by him tane. And now is fast \\c\t f anklet in a cord, Wrekand his hurt with marning sair and mane. llenrysone, Evergreen, i. 196. St. 34. This is certainly a derivative from the v. fang; more immediately allied to Teut. vanck, decipuhim, tendicula, whence vanckelick, captivus. Be-vungcn, irretitus, convejs a similar idea. FANNOUN, Fannowne, s. The sudarium, "• a linen handkerchief carried on the priest's arm at mass." Tlie Byschapc Waltyr — (•ave twa lang coddis of welwete, — With twnykil, and Dalmatyk, A Ibis wyth parurys to tha lyk M'yth stole a.ni fannoune lyk to tha. IVijntotcn, ix. 6. 155. MocsG. /fl««, cloth; /««/«,? niajit plat, panni rudis assumentiim ; Mar. ii. 21. Alem. a«^-./V//if, sndari. um ; Su.G./««a, pannus. Wacliter views the Lat. word as the origin ; and this he derives from Gr. cTi)y95, a web. Vr. fanon, "a scarfelikc ornament wornc on the left arme of a sacrificing priest;" Cotgr. To FANTISIE, v. a. To regard with affection ; used in the same sense with the E. v. fancy. " Yit was (hair besydis, ane strange inforcement, abill to inflame hir liaitrent itself, I nienc the lufe quhairwitli scho intempcrately/««//sr?y Bothwell." Bnclianan's Detect. Q. Marie, 6. b. a. Fr. fantasicr, to fancy, to aHect, also, to ima- gine, to devise ; from Gr. (pxtT»rui. Fantise, s. Vain appearance. Desire, quod sche, 1 nyl it not deny. So thou it ground and set in cristin wise; And therefore, son, opyn thy hert playnly. Madam, quod I, trew withoutin /Vw/ive. Kinf!iQaair,ix. 19. ¥r. phantasic, FANTON, s. Swoon, faint. (Comfort your men, that in tUhfanion steruis, With spreit arraisit and cueric wit away, FAR Quaking for fcir, baith pulsis, vane and neruis; Police of Honour, Prol. st. 11, Vr.fantoime, a vision. FANTOWN, adj. Fantastick, imaginary. Sync thai lu-rd, that Makbeth aye \n fanlOKH fretis had gret fay, And trowth had in swylk fantasy. H'yntoxen, vi. 18. 3C2. FAR, s. Pompous preparation. V. Fair, s. 2. FAR, y. And as he met thaim in the way, He wclciininiyt thaim with glaidsiim/a/', Spekand gud wordis her and thar. Barbuur, xi. 256. MS. This word may also signify preparation. But it seems rather the same with Fair, appearance, q. v. FAR, Fare, Fayr, s. Journey, expedition. Said he, " Now niak yow yar. " God furthyr ws in till our/«r." Barbour, iv. 627. MS. Now have I told you less and mare, Of all that hapned in my fare. Sir Egeir, p. 14. A. S. fare, Isl. far, id. Mr Macpherson here mentions Fare Isle, as signifying " the isle in the faremat/ between Orkney and Shetland ;" Gl. FARAND, Farrakd, adj. Seeming, having the appearance of; a term generally used in composition, although sometimes singly. Sum the maist semely/arra/jc/ personage Tyistis to the feild to prieue his grene curage. Doug. I'irgil, 223. 46. i. e. one appearing as the most seemly personage. Hunc decus egregiae/o?7?!ac movet atquc juven- tae. Virg. Auld-farand, adj. Sagacious, prudent ; usually applied to children, when they discover more sa- gacity than could be expected at their time of Ufe, S. A. Bor. audfaraiid, id. Ray derives this from end, used for old, zndfarand, the humour or genius, ingenium. But I know not where he finds the latter. Fair-farand, adj. 1. Having a goodly or fair appearance. Syne in ane hal, fa\ fair farrand, He ludgit al the lord[i]s of his land. Pricils of Peblis, Pink. S. P. R. i. 5. 2. Having a fair carriage, mien, or deportment. — Thai appcrit to the Paip, and present thame ay ; Fair farrand, and free, In ane guidlye degree. Houlatc, i. 12. Desyre lay stokkit by ane dungeoun dure. Yet Honestie [culd] keip him faj/r farrand. King Hart, i. 35. 3. It is now used to denote one who assumes a specious appearance, who endeavours by his language or manner to cajole another, S. Thus it is commonly applied to one who is very plausible. He' s o-wre fair farrand for me., Ang. Foul-farren, adj. Having a bad appearance. " You have not been longsome, and foulfarren both ;" S. Prov. " spoken to them that have done » thing in great haste j" Kelly, p. 393. F A R Euil-FARANd, adj. Equivalent to vnstemlj. Deliuer he was with drawin swerd in hand. And quhite targate vnsemely and euil faianti. Doug. Virgil, 296. 50. WEiLL-FARAND,<7r^". I, Having a goodly appear- ance. lie had wycht men, and wciUfaraitd, Armyt cknly, bath fute and hand. Barbour, si. 95. MS. 2. Handsome; as connected with jjc/?^ /rti>. Thus marwalusly gud Wallace tuk oil hand : Lykly he was, ryclit fair and weill farrand; IManly and stout, and tharto rycht liberall ; Plesaiid and wiss in all gud gouernall. iVutlace, vi. 781. MS. I hare sometimes thought, that we might trace this tormtoSu.G. \i,\.far.a, experiri; as Isl. wel orthun ffirin, signities, experienced in speaking ; lagfaren, skilled in law ; to which Belg. eervaaren, skilful, experienced, corresponds ; whence eervaarcnheyd, experiencL'-; from eer, before, and vaaren, to fare. But it seems to agree better with Su.G.far.a, agere; mentioned by 'iibb. fara val med en, to treat one with clemency ; fara ilia mcd en, to use one ill. Hence/ocr-« is used for the habit or mode of acting; analogous to Teut. vacr.en, gerere se. FARAND, pa>t. pr. Expl. " well-favoured," Pink. Tharfor thai went till Abyrdeyne, Quhar Nele the Bruyss come, and the Queyn, And othir lad)is fayr, a,nd fa rand, Ilkane for lulfotFthair husband; That for leylle lutf, and leawte, Wald pcrtenerys off thair paynys be. Barbour, ii. ^14. MS. The term here seems rather to signify, travelling. " 'The^y fared from home, animated by love to their husbands." FARANDMAN, s. A stranger, a traveller. " Farandman, ane stranger or Pilgrimer, to quhom justice suld be done with al expedition, that his peregrination be not stayed or stopped." Skene, Verb. Sign, in vo. This is used as equivalent to Dustiefute, Burrow Lawes, c. 140. But Skene observes, that in the Book of Scone, foreign merchants are called /araH(///;e/!. \.'». faretide, itinerant; Belg. vaarend man, a mariner. Isl. /«/• menu, nautae negotiatores ; G. Andr. p. 65. FARAR, compar. Better. Me thinks /«ra/- to dee, Thau schainyt be verralie Ane sclaiider to byde. Gazcan and Gol. iv. 3. V. Fayr, adj. FARCOST, s. The name of a trading vessel. " It appears, that in 1383, the burgesses of Elgyn had a trading vessel, named Farcost, that sailed up the Lossie, which then had direct communication witti the Loch of Spynie, at that time an arm of the sea."' P. Klgyn, Moray s. Statist. Ace. v. 11. It seems uncertain, whether this was the name given to this vessel in particular, or that by whitli vessels of this kind ju general were known at thaf time. F A R It Is etidcntly of Northern oris'in. Su.G./ur- koft is a term used to denote any thing uinployed as the iii4lriim( lit of (ravelling, as a horse, a ship, &c, oniiie id, quo iter fit, equiis, navis, kc. Ihre ; from ffti.a, profisibci sou terra .sive inari, and /cost instrii- mciilinn, medium agendi. Isl./u/^oi/; navis; V'crel. »o. Kofl. FARAR, s. A traveller or voyager. FroDi the eft schip vjirais anone the vrynd, And followit fast the sey faratii behynd. Doug, yirgil, 154. 4. A. S./rti-an, Su.G. /«/•-«, profisisci. To FARD, Faird, v. a. l. To paint. " The fairest are but fardcd like the face of Jezc- bel." Z. IJoyd's Last Bate!!, c. 510. 2. To embellish ; metaph. used. '• 1 Ihocht it nurht nccessair til hv( fanlil ande lardit this (raclcit vitht exquisite termis, quhilkis ar nocht daly vsil, bot rather 1 hef vsit domestic Scottis Uiigage, niaist inlclligibil for the v[u]lgarc pe- pil." C'onipl. S. p. '25. " The) — mask a feigned heart with the vail of fairdid language." Calderwood's Hist. p. 458. Fr./«;'(/-i'/-, \A. fiird, paint. It seems donbtful, whether the Fr. word has any affinity to Alein./«r- nuu, Gnm. farbe, i>\i.G.ffuig, id. pi^me4itura, co- lor. This etymon is more eligible than that of Me- nage, who derives it from La(./«cu.«, which he supposes may have been changed tofiicardus, then to fuardus, then to Jardiif, whence /an/. Fard, s. Paint. O. E. id. " P'ard and foolish vainc fashions of apparcll are but bawds of allnremeut to vncleanncssc. Away with thes(J dyed Dames, whose beauty is in their bone !" Boyd, ut suj). p. 959. FARD, ad/. Corr. from favoured. Weill fard, well favoured, S. Now waly faw that Keillfard mow ! Lijndsuy^ S. P. Itcpr. ii. 86. WaJy, waly fa tha twa neillfurd facis ! Ibid. p. 1 59. FARD, Farde, Faird, s. i . Course, motion. And sone as he jiersanis quhare that went Fotganysl hym cummand throw gressy swardc His derrest son Ence with hasty /'arrfc. Doii, to travel, because these demons were vulgarly believed to ramble abroad, and to lead dances during the night. Rudd. thinks that they received this name, either q. fair folk, because of their s-upjiosed beauty, or r\. faring folk for the reason mentioned by Skinner. There is one circumstance^ which might seeni fa. FAR Toprable to the first supposition. Another class of genii have been called Brozcnies, most probably from their supposed swarthy appearance. V. Bro-vinie. It might seem to be a couflrmation of the second supposition, that Su.G. far-a, profiscisci seu terra sive mari, is also used to denote the losses sustained by sorcery or diabolical agency ; and Belg. varende vyf signifies a witcli, who wanders through the air ; also, a sudden whirlwind supposed to be excited by the power of magic. Sibb. has mentioned Teut. vaarende vrouue, Dryas, hamadryas, sylvarum dea, Kilian. Concerning the last et)'mon it has been observed, that '•' the Ft. faerie is a much more obvious root; which uiay, perhajis, be ultimately traced to the peii of the Persians, or feri of the Saracens." Edin. Rev. 1803, p. 203. " The oriental genii and peris seem to be the prototype of the faeries of ro- jBancc. The very word fueri/ is identified with the peri of the East ; which, according to the enuncia- tion of the Arabs or Saracens, from whom the Eu- ropeans probably derived the word, sounds phcri, the letter p not occurring in the Arabic alphabet." Ibid. p. 132. It appears highly probable, indeed, that we have received this term through the medium of the Fr. But the appropriate sense of Fv. fuerie, fecrie, sug- gests the idea, that it may have had a Goth, origin. Par f eerie signifies, "fatally, by destiny, by the appointment of the Fairies ;" Cotgr. and fee, not only a fairy, but as an adj., fatal, destined. Now, as fee corresponds to ourfej/, both in sense and ori. gin ; as lsl.feig.r,fcig-ur, the root, is still expl. as denoting a supposed determination of the Fates; it is not improbable that there may have been a Goth, word of this form, though now obsolete, cor. responding to yornir and I'alkj/rior, the modern names of the J^rcae, used in like manner as a de- signation for these imaginary lieings. Seren. vo. Fairu, refers to \^\. far tippa man, in- cubus, and Svv. biaera, Ephialtis species, as cog- nate terms. As our ancestors firmly believed that it was a. common practice with the Fairies, to carry off healthy and beautiful children from their cradles or the arms of their nurses, and leave their own puny brood in their place ; the very same idea has pre- vailed on the continent. Alp., a/f, strix, lamia, saga, quod daemonis instar noctnrni per loca habi. tata oberret, et in varias mutata formas infantes e cunis abripiat, et in locum corum alios et deteriores substltuat ; Wachter. This idea is not altogether banished from the minds of the vulgar, in some parts of S. Wlicn a child, from internal disease, sud- denly loses its looks, or seem to zcanifh, as they express it, strong suspicions are sometimes enter- tained that the declining child is merely an elvish substitute. This foolish idea also prevails in the Hebrides. They had a singular mode of obtaining restitution. " It was usual with those who believ. cd that their children were thus taken away, to dig a grave in the firlds upon Quarter-day, and there to lay the fairy skeleton till next morning ; at which time the parents went to the place, where they doubted aot to find their own child instead of this FAR skeleton." Martin's West. Isl. p. 118, By this process, they would at any rate often get rid of the skelctoti. The Solomon of our country, as he has been call- ed, gives a curious piece of information, which, it' seems, had been learned from those who had been thus carried away. " This we haue in proofe by them that are car- ried with the Pharie, who neucr see the shadowes of any in that Court, but of them that thereafter are trycd to haue beine brethren and sisters of that crafte." K. James's Daemonol. p. 135. We also learn from him, that they were reckoned particularly fortunate who were thus carried away, and afterwards restored. V. Sonsy, also Bune- WAND. FARY, Farie, s. 1. Bustle, tumult, uproar. Bot evir be reddy and addrest. To pass out of this frawfull/nry. Dunbar, Bannattjne Poems, p. 59. st. S. 2. Confusion, consternation ; such as may be caused by an external tumult, or by that of tlie passions. — And baith his handis in that samyn stede Towart the heuln vpheiiis in znefarij. Doug. Firgil, SfiO. 37. Yit studie nocht ovir mekill, adreid thow warie ; For I persaue the halflings in ane/«riV. Palice of Honour, iii. 65. Feerij a.TiA feerij-farj/ are still used in both senses, S. Fcrj/ occurs in O. E. for a festival. Eche daye is holye daye with hym, or an hyghe fori/. P. Ploughman, Fol. 60, b. V. Fiery, and Fiery-Faby. FARING, s. The leading of an army. And quhen that ewan-sang tym wes ner, The folk with owt that wer wery, And sum woundyt full cruelly, Saw thaim within defend thaim swa ; And saw it wes not eyth to ta The toun, quill sik defens wes mad : And thai th.it in till faring had The ost, saw that thair schip war brynt. And of thaim that tharin wes tyut ; And thair folk woundyt and wery ; Thai gert blaw the retreit iu hy. Barbour, xvii. 456. M. S. Mr Pink, has not explained this word. But from the punctuation he has given to this passage, as well as the variation of some words from the reading in MS., he seems to have nndersiood fari7ig as relating to (hose u'ilhin the town. Iu edit. 1()20, it is; — By them that within the siecri:ig had, The host saw that thair schip was brynt, &c. But it is evident (hat the leaders of the English arr.iy, whicli lay v:ithout the town, are meant : those who had the host in till thair faring, or under their conduct. It is not said of the host or army in ge- neral, that tliey saiv their ship burnt, but of the leaders. For they who saw this, also sato thair folk zcoundijt and zcery. It does not appear that A. S. far. an was used to denote the command of an army. But Is-1. facr-c:, 3D FAS aad Su.G. foer.ii, signify to lead. Hire remU'is die Uii.r, rciJuci-in esse ct aiilcsignanum ; the very M-iiM- liic term faiiiig requires here. Su.G. fucr.a rll ikipiu to liave the coiiiniand of a ship : an.l./oer- „ an CI skipi»haa; to lead a.i army. Jhre derives it from far.ti, ire, proUsi.sci ; for what is/otv«, says lie, but" to rause one to change liis place ? The publisher of edit. 1C20, although he has mis- taken the application of the term, has given its pro- per .'•imiilicatiou, by substituting steering, which in uiir old \wiliugs is equivalent to government. FARLAND, a,{/. Remote, or coming from adis- tant country. Thow may put all into appcirand pcrrcll, Gif Inglis forcis in this realme repair. Sir ar iiocht meil for to d"cy(le our querrcll. Thoch fai/andfah'^ sciin to haiffedders fair. M'lit/und I'ucm.f, p. 161. Instead of this the Prov. now used is ; " Far at^ii' f'luls haif fair fethcrs,' S. A.'^.fior/vn,feurlend, ionginquus. FARLE, Fartiiel, Feri.e, /. Properly, the fourth part of a thin cake, whether of flour or oat-meal ; but now used often for a third, ac- cordir.g to the diftcrent ways in which a cake is divided, before it be fired, S. " 'I'liey oll'ered me meat and drink, but I refused, and would not take it, but bought a fiirihrl of br»ad and a mnfchkin of ale." Wodrow's Hist. i. Append, p. U>1. Then let his wisdom girn and snarl O'er a weel-tostit girdle/i/r/e. rergnsion'^' Poems, ii. 78. Teut. vier-dcel, quadra, quarta pars. A. S. fi-orth dfitl ; '>v/.cnjifrdedcl,i(l. V. Fardii.lis. To FARLIE. V. Ferlie. FARRACH, r. Force, strength, activity, expe- dition in business ; as, He '/'/i(-, \V ith gold and goulis in greyne, Schynand scheirly and scheyne. Gaican ami Gol. ii. 15. A.^. fdg, fah, versicolor, variabilis. What con». firms this interpretation, is the mention made of yel. low, rtd, and green, in the following line. To FAW, Fa', v. a. i. To obtain, to acquire. My hairt tak nowdir pane nor wa. For Meg, for Merjory, or yit Mawis : F A W Bot be tl\ou glaul, and latt Lir ga; For [ne'er] a crum of the scho fatcts. Bannatt/ne Poems, 204. si. 3. he mauna/a' lliat. Burns, iv. 2'27. "Falls to, belongs; she falls to get;" Lord Hailcs. But li fall be the word, it is evidently used in a sense directly tlie reverse of that which is usual. Instead of fallinj; to a person, the person is said to faio the thin». This might perhaps be viewed as al- lied to Su.G./(«/, Dau./«r(-fr, to get, to gain, to acquire, to attain ; also, to be able, whence Germ. faiiig, capable, fit. We have indeed a common phrase somewhat similar ; It Juzi>s me to do this, or that, it is my turn ; which may be equivalent to fall, OT fall to, as meauin^, to happen. Su.G./«a, how. ever, has the sense of accidere. Faa han stiuelae, si accidat ut furetur ; ihre. But the first etymon is preferable. 2. To have as one's lot, S. A sonsy rede swythe rede to nie, How Alarsfig's daughter I may /a', My love and lemman gay to lie. Jamieson's Popular BttU- !• 210. Faw, Fa', s. I. Share, what is due to one. To London lie press'd, And there he uddrcss'd, That he behav'd best of them a', man ; And there without strife (iot settled for life. An hundred a year for his/«', man. Rition's S. Poems, ii. 65. Frae 'mang the beasts his honour got his/w', Aod got but little siller, or nane awa'. Rosses JJeleiiore, p. 22. Q. ixhit falls to one. 2. Lot, chance, S. A towmond o' trouble, should that be njy/s', A night o' gudc fellowship sowthcrs it a'. Burns, iv. 20o, FAW, Fa', s. a fall, S. To Shak A fa', . I. To wrestle, S. By this time Liudy is right well shot out, — And kibble grow u at shaking of a fa\ Ross's llelenorc, p. 16. fi. To exert one's self to the utmost ; metaph. used, S.B. Sae lack where yc like, I shall ancs shak af(f, Afore I be dung with the spinning o't. Song, Ross's Hdenore, p. 135. To wrestle a fall was formerly used in the same metaph. sense. " We must ttrestti a fell with some kind of crea- tures before our covenant be abolished." Baillie's Lett. ii. 111. Faw-cap, s. a stuffed cap for a child's head, to guard against the bad effects of 2. fall, S. B. Bclg. valhoed, id. Sw. fall-KuUc, a pudding or roll for a child's head, from fall, and zaalka to roll. Faw, s. a trap. V. Fall. FAW, Fewe, adj. V. FaucS. FAWELY, adv. Few in number, q.Jewly. Quhar he fand ane without the othir presancej Eftir to Scottis that did no mor grewance; To cut hys throit or steik him sodanlyc, F E lie rcat/ndjft nocht, fand he thaim famelij. Wallace, i. 198. This is the reading in MS. instead of streik, sedan- lt)e, maijndit not, and sawely, Perth edit. In edit. 1648, it is thus altered ; lie cared not, fand he thaim anerly. i. e. alone, singly. MoesG./uicai, A. S./j?#i4)«, Su.G. Dm. faa, few. FAX, s. Face, visage. IIis/«j and berd was fadit quharc he stude, And all his hare was glotnytfull of blmle. Doug. Virgil, 48. 13. The fillok hir deformyt/r/x wald haue ane fare face. Ibid. 238. a, 39. AVer scho at home, in her contree of Trace, Scho wald refete full sone in /o,r and face. Henrysone's Orpheus Kyng. Edit. 1508. Lye views this as the same with Is!. /as, conspec- tus; Jun. Etym. Fas, gestus; G. Andr. p. 65. FAZART, adj. Dastardly, cowardly. — Fazurt fowmart, fostcrt in filth and fen. Kennedy, Evergreen, ii. 74. 34. Su.G. fas-a, to fear. Jagfasar flierfore, rem hanc horreo ; Ihre. Fazart, s, a coward, a dastard. 'Tofazarls hard hazarts Is tleid or they cum thair. Chcrr/e and Slae, st. 27. j. e. Great dangers have the aspect of death to cowards, before they approach them. Cadit nou caesus, et urnam Vivus init, qui«quis Medicum non morbidus optat. Lat. vers. FE, Fee, Fey, Fie, .f. l. Cattle, in general. The King in hy gert sese the pray Off all the land : quhar men roycht se Sa gret habundance come of/f. That it war wondre to behauld. Barbour, x. 110. MS. In the contre thar wonnyt ane That husband wes, and with his/e Otfisyss hay to the peilc led he.' He had thaim helyt weile with hay. And made him to )'ok hisfe. ibid. ver. 151. 215. MS. Oxen seem lo be the/e meant in the last extract, 2. Small cattle, sheep or goats. Lo, we se Flokkis and herdis of oxin and of fee, Fat and tydy, rakand ouer all quhare. Doug. Virgil, 75. 4.- Arraenta videmus, Caprigenumque pecus. Virg. Lib. 3. Robene sat on gud grene hill, Keipand a llok of fie. Bunnatyne Poems, p. 98. st. 1. In st. 2., 4. and C., it is restricted to sckeip. 3. Possessions, in general. This at least seems to be the sense in the following passages. Tharfor in him affyit he. And ryche maid him off landis and/e; As it wes certes rycht worthi. Barbour, x. 272. MS. The King, eftrc the gret jottrne,— F E In scr townys gert cry on hyeht, That quha si ilcinyt till hat' rycht To hiiUl in Scollaiul land, or/tf, That in thai xii nioiiclh suhl he Cum and clam yt. Ibid. xiii. 725. MS. 4. Money. The Eric of Flawndrys mad hyni let, For. thai sayd, coiirupte wes he — Than »yth the Kjng of Inglandis Fc. fVj/nloicii, vii. 8. 754. 5. Wages, S. " Towards the end of Spring, most of the boys go to the lowir country, where they arc employed in herding till the ensuing winter; and besides gaining a smali/h language." P. Balquhidder, Perths. Statist. Ace. vi. 93. ti. Hereditary property in land. This Kyng Jhon Til Alayne of Gallmvay gave in Fe And heryt.ige gret landys. He Made to the Kyng Jhon than homage Of thai landys as hys herytage. IVt/nto-^n, vii. 8. 920. 7. Hereditary succession, in whatever respect. The King send than J.iuies of Douglas, And Schyr Robert the Keyih, that than was Marscheil otf all the ost, of/f, The Inglis menoys come to se. BarOour, xi. 456. MS. i. c. hereditary marshal of the army. 8. The term is used in our Law, to denote abso- lute property, as contradistinguished from life- rent. •' Usufruct — is defined by the Romans, a right that one has to use and enjoy a subject during lite, witliout destroying or wasting its substance; ^yhich definition is well enough adapted to the nature of our liferents, lie, whose property is thus burdened, is, in our law-Ianguage, called theji/ir, and the naked property thv fee." Erskine'.s Instit. '234. 39. Lands held in, /ic arc also distinguished from those that are wadset; the former being called irredimable, the latter, vndcr rcvcviiun. Skene, ap. Reg. Maj. b. Hi. c. 35. ^ 1. Isl./c, Su.Li./rtf, A. S./eo, Germ.t'iVA, alt de- note both pcius and pi-cuiiia, cattle and money; Alem./cAo, /io, lUlg. ure, cattle. From Su.G./rte, itc fiuhiif, a cowhouse, Jae:i)- syre that hecht IVIi'larapiis, and coinpanyeoun was in feclit To llcrcnles in his sare joiirneis feilc. Doug, f'irgil, 317. 6. Alcm. fchtc. 2. Struggle, of whatever kind, S. I whyles claw the elbow o' troublesome thought; But man is a soger, and life is a. faught. Burns, iv. 205. Fechtar, s. One who is engaged in fight, a war- rior, S. On kneis he faucht, felle Inglismcn he slew, Till hym thar socht ma.y fcclilars than anew. IVuUace, i. 324. MS. A.S.feohiere, Teut. vechicr, puguator. FEGHIE-LEGHIE, adj. A term which seems to conjoin the ideas of insipidity and inacti- vity, Aberd. Sn.G. ^aci-a, hue illuc vagari ? FECK, Fek, s. 1. a term expressive, both of space, and of quantity or number. lie was sn fers he fell attour ane/eZ:, And brak his held upon the mustarde stone. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 84. i. c. he fell some space beyond. IVhat feck of ground:^ IIow much land ? IVhal feck of filler has he? How much money? Many feck, a great num- ber ; maistfeck, the greatest part ; little feck, a small quantity ; also, what is of little ralue, S. B. My words they were na monyfeck. Ritson's S. Song.tf i. 24. And the maist feck Wha's seen't sinsyne, they ca'd as tight As that on Heck. Ramsaj/'s Poems, ii. 328. Z. The greatest part ; used without any adj., S. Me think this war the best off all, To kope our strynth of castell and of wall toun, Swa sail we fend the fek of this rrgioun. Hallace, viii. (i99. MS. 3. Ofjeri, of value, deserving consideration. Thav ap^ mair faschious nor of feck ,■ Yon fiizards durst not for thair neck Clim up the craig with us. Chcrrie and Slae, st. 40. TEC Iraportuna magis quam par mihi turha, ncc audent, .Vc. Lat. vers. 1631. i. e. They give more trouble than can be repaid by all their worth. This term is of very uncertain origin. According to sense 1. it corresponds to A. S./nec, space, inter, val, distance, applied both to time and place ; litel face, little time ; Gcrm./S'.,yP. iii. 376. " !My faith is both faint a.udfect(fsse, no'hing but asmokeof f*iilj." Z. Boyd*^ Last Battel!, p. 24'i FED Effeclieis is used in the the same schsc by Shak- spciro. 3. Spiritless, Aiig. FtcKLY, Fectlie, adv. 1. Partly, S. Ilfward her for her lore, And kindness, \yhich \ fectlie kend. musoti's Coll. i. 14. 2. Mostly, for the greatest part, S. The water /tcAVy on a level sk-d Vi'V little tiinn, but couthy what it made. Ross's Helenorc. p. 22. This word, as used in sense 1, is nearly ailietl to the Fr. phrase, cii effect. Fecklessness, s. Feebleness, S. " Love oTcrlooketh blackness and fecklesness." Rutherford's Lett. P. i. ep. 193. FECKET, /. An undfer waistcoat, properly one worn iindtr the shirt, S. Grim loon ! lie git me by the feckbt, And sair me sheuk. Burns, iv. 388. Alli<^d f)crhaps to O. Holland, woatk., amiculiim fcrale, a winding sheet, q. what goes as close to the body, as a shroud, or Teut./ycA-e, an old word, signifyiii); an upper coat, Kilian ; or rather to Isl. VV^i rif^^i Interuia, a shirt, a sraock ; also a waist- coat. FF.DDERAME, Fedderome, Fedderone, Fedrem, s. pi. Wings. Pas, son, in hast, graith thy wyngis ih offtct, Slide with thy feddcramCy to yone Troyane prince. Doug. VitgU, Wt. 35. A. fedrem oft he tUke : And schupe in Turky for to Sie. Dunbar, Haniiiitij)!C Poems, p. 20. st. 8. Rudd. and Lord Hailcs both render it, q, feather- ing. Sibb. -views it as the pi. cf Tcut. vedcr, pluma. Bnt it is a compound word, from A. S. facther.ham, faclher-hama, facfher-ffumit, a dress of feathers ; whence /iV^rr-ftownN, talaria, " shoes (hat Mercury, af poets faine, did wear with wings ;" Somncr. Fedcr-kaman, induviac plumosae, Ly©^ from faethcr, fcdcr, and lium, luimu, kom, a covering. Hardynp uses the term in its origitjal forra. In Cuir Uladim he made a tctnpio riyht, And set a llimync tlif roiu to (;oueru(' ; And afterwarde a Fcthfrhiuii he dight, To llye with wingcs, as he couUle best disoernc, Aboue the nyre nothyng hym to wernc. lie dyed on high to the temple Apolync, And there broke his neck, for .oil his great doc- tiitie- Cron. Fol. 22. b. But here it is used improperly, if the marginal note be accurate. For, accnrding to this, it sig- nifits " a man decked in feathers." FEDE. V.FEin. -c^^^l:V To FF.DE, V. a. To educate, to nurture. F'iftcne yore he {jan hem fcdc. Sir llohand the trewe; Re t.iufrht him irh alede Of icli maner of elewe. ''' '^ '/ ' Hir frittrcm, p. 6^St,?7 r li i: A. S./frf-an, toeducatc ; fedcd, educatus. Su.G. foed-u not only signifies gignere, but alere, nutrire. MoesG. /(>(/-««, educare; Thareivcasfoditlis, where he was educated, Luke, iv. 16. To FEE, Fie, v. a. To hire. Johnson renders this word, as used by Shakspeare, " to keep in hire." But it properly denotes the act of hiring. " But now, said he, gredincs of preistis not only reccave fals miracles, hot also thei cheriss and Jies knaves for that purpois, that thair chapells may be the better renowned, and their offerand may be aug- nientit." Knox's Hist., p. 14. A. S.feoli, Isl./e, pracmium. V. Fe. FEEDING STORM, one that is on the in- crease, S. ; also used metaph. " All thir things hold out oiir affairs as if they were not. This is a, feeding storm." Baillie's Lett. i. 206. V. Storm. To FE£L, v. a. " Erroneously for, to smell. Ex. You complain much of that tannery, but T cannot say I feel it." Sir J. Sinclair's Ob- serv. p. 83. FEER for FEER, every way equal, S. B. V. Fere, companion. FEERICHIN, adj. Bustling, confused, S. B. synon.flMsierin. This epithet is applied to one who does every thing with a mighty pother. Belg. vierigh, ardeut. Or rather from Fiery , s. q. Y. FEERIE, adj. Clever, active. V. pERy. FEETH, Feith, s. a net, fixed and stretching into the bed of a river, Aberd. " The largest feitk-net is six fatlioms long,' two fathoms deep at the river etid, and one fathom at the land end." State, Leslie of Powis, k-c. p. 109. " They set short nets called feeths in soaje cor- ners of the river, and salmon are often found en. tangled in the mashes of these nets. — Many fio- nocks are caught in the Don by small /(,'e?/i.v, which the fishermen set for that purpose after the season of the salmon-fishuig is oVer." Statist. Ace. (Aberd.) xix. 218. 221. MoesG./artrt sepes ; q. a hedge for retaining the fish: or Sn.Gr. futt-a capere ? But it may rather be from Dan. vod a net; Isl. -cod tragula ; G. Andr. p. 25(3. i. e. a drag-net, a flew, Ainsw. Perhaps fi-om vcd, vod, vad-a, fadare ; q. such a net as man were wont to use in leading, without finding it necessary to employ a boat ; or from vad, vadum, q. a net used in shallow places. To FEEZE. This v. seems properly to denote sn operation resembling that of a screw. It is conjoined with different prepositions, which de- termine its meaning. 1. To Jeeze about, to turn any thing round, S. 2. 2^0 Jhczc about, metaph. to hang off and on ; or to move backwards and forwards within a small compass, as when a person wishes to keep near one point, used as , Fede, s. Enmity, hatred ; a quarrel, S. Sihir Ranald kiu'w wcill a mar quiet sted, Quhar VVilyham mycht bo bcitir fra thair/et/c. Hallace, i. 354. MS. " Gif anic man is (convict as) mensworne, — to condcmnc ane innocent man, for fcid or favour of anie man, in accusation or tcstimoiiie, he sail be excluded, and want the comfort and socictie of all christian men." Reg. Maj. li. iv. c. 29. st. 1. h\. Juidc, fed, Su.G. J'cgd, A.S.faehth, Alem. fcJc, Bclg. vcede, wide. Germ feid, L. 13. faida, R,fficJ. It stliclly denotes the hatred which took place between the heirs of one slain, and the slayer, (ill the blood was suppojicd to be avenged ; or, in general, the hereditary enmity subsisting between ditVereut clans or families, for what causes soever. The term seems foruu'd from A. S. fa, fah, a foe, ntfi-uii, to hate, and /«((/, which, used as a termi- nation, signilies stale or condition. Feido.m, /. Enmity, a state of enmity. Throcli fciduin our frcidom Is blotit with this skore. I'iiion, Evergreen, i. 212. st. 1. From A. S. fa, foe, and dom, judgment, or Franc. duani, po» cr. FEIGH, Feech, intcyj. Fy, an expression of disgust or abomination, S. — Ye stink o' leeks, O fcigh ! Ramtuj/'s I'oems, i. 262. This, as well as K.fij, fvli, faugh, are undoubt. ediy allied to MoesG. >->«», O. Su.G.fi.a, Alem. fi-«n, fig-eny A. H. fi-an, odisse; Alem. gi.vchcn. ¥ E 1 odiosum, Gl. Fez. p. 319. Junius mentions C. B. fei, and Bullet, Arm. fach, feck, as terms expressive "of displeasure, disgust or aversion. O. Vj.fiigh is nearly allied. " lie that seith to his brother, fugh, schal be gilty to the counsell." Wiclif, Matt. v. Raca, in our version. Fittrh, a term of abhorrence, Gl. rendered, " I can't endure thee." liist. Engl. Transl. prefixed to Wiclif, N. T. p. 5. To FEIK. V. FiKE. FEYK, J-. This seems to signify that kind of restlessness, sometimes proceeding from ner- vous afl'ection, which prevents one from keep- ing in one position ; otherwise called the Jidgets. They bad that Baich should not be but — The Frencie, the Fluxes, the Fei/k, and fhe Felt, The Fevers, the Fearcic, with the speinyje Flies ; The Doit, and the Dismal, indifferently delt ; The Powlings, the Palsey, with Pocks like [lees ; The Swcrf, and the Sweiting, with Sounding to swelt ; The Weam-ill, the Wild fire, the Vomit and the Vees ; The Mair and the Migrame, with Meaths in the Melt ; The Warbles, and the Wood. worm whereof Dog dies ; The Tcasick, the Tooth-aik, the Titts and the Tirles : The painful Poplesie and Pest, The Rot, the Roup, and the auld Rest, With Parlesse and Plurisies opprest. And nip'd with the Nirles. Pohvart, Watson'' s Coll. iii. 14. It is possible, however, that the disease meant may be the same with fykes, expl. " an itching in the fuiidameiit," Gl. Sibb. V. Fyke. FEIL, Feile, Feill, Fele, adj. Many. The word opposed to this is qiihojjne. And we ar quhoyne, agayne fafcle. Barbour, xi. 49. MS. i. e. " We are few, opposed to so many." The Inglissmen semblit on Wallace tliar, Feill on the feild of frekis fechtand fast. IVallace, ii. 47. MS. Strckit in stretis here and thare thay ly. Fell corsis dede of mony vnweildy wicht. Doug. I'irgil, 51. 22. Vale is used in the same sense, O. K. — Thrc tliousend wel ywrye, & tuo hondered also, Wythoute fot men, that were so vale, that ther nas of non ende. R. Glouc. p. 200. The phrase /t'z7 men, which so fre<|uently occurs, in our old writers, is purely hi.jiulmenne, multi- tudo hoininum,.G. Andr. Fiol, jjUiralitas ; A. S. feala, fela, MoesG. Alem.y?/;/, Germ, veil, Belg. vele, many. These are viewed as radically the same with Gr. jroA-ii;. The term is still used to denote, 1. Number, quantity, S. Tht vulgar speak of a fell quhene, an improper F E I phrase. Tlicy also say, a fell heap; sometimes re. dundaiuly,/c// mony. 2. Degree. Fell weill, remarkably well. O leezc nie on my spinning wheel, O Iceze me on my rock and reel ; Frae tap (o tae that deeds rac bicn, And haps mejiel and warm at ccn. ! Burns, iy. 317. Fid is expl. in Cl. " soft, smooth." But there is no evidence that the word is used in this sense. ■ It is merely /e// and tiarm, i. e. very warm. Oai/, Jell, and uncoi form a climax in vulgar description : Gaj/ and zccel, tolerably well ; Fell ;i:cel, very well, so as to produce satisfaction of mind ; U/ico Keel, exceedingly mcU. Franc. /(/« zcola, optime. Fell painx, great trou- ble about any thing, S. corresponding to Germ, viel sorgen, abundance of care. V. Fell stis. To FEIL, V. a. To learn, to understand ; me- taph. applied to the mind. His modyr come, and othir freyndis enew, With full glaid will, tofe/'l thai tithingis true. 'fFulluce, ii. 434. IMS. Belg. ge-voel-en, sentire ; also, sapere. Feil, Feille, s. Knowledge, appreliension. Thar duelt a Wallas vvelcummyt him full weill, Thocht Ingliss men thar of had litiWfe/lle. IVallacc, ii. 14. MS. Thou has full little/iv7 of fair indyte. Diinhar, Evergreen, ii. 53. st. 8. FEIM, s. Foam. V. Fame. FEIR, s. Demeanour, deportment. Be kynd, courtas, and fair of feir, Wyse, hardy, and fre. Bannati/ne Poems, p. 98. st. 3. V. Faik. s. Feir, Fere, Feare of Were, *' a warlike expe- dition, a march in a hostile manner, processus seu apparatus bellicus," Rudd. '^ It is treason, gif anie man rises in feare of war against the King, his person violcntlie, quhat age the King be of, young or auld, or resets any that hcs committed treason." Crimes, Tit. 2. c. 1. ^ 3. Feir of zccir, Ja. II. 1449. c. 25. Bostaris, braggaris, and bargancris, Eftir him passit into pairis. All bodin in /"(■//• of zceir. Dunbur, Bannutijnc Poems, p. 28. st. 4. Rudd. derives this from A. S. far-an, profisisci, f//, mountains ; I'ldda Saemund. Suidas uses tptXMii for mountainous places. FELL-BLOOM, s. Yellow clover, an herb, S. Medicago lupolina, Linn. Perhaps q. the bloom or blossom of the Fells, V. preceding word. FELL SYIS, many times, often. We lliinL we suld in barrat niak tliaim bow^ At our power, and so we do feill sjjss. Wallace, ii. 238. MS. I thank vow gretly, Lord, said be, Oll'mony largess, and gret bounte. That ylie hatt done mefehysa. Sen fyrst I come to your seruice. Barbour, xx. 225. MS. A. S. fela, many, and sith, tempus. V. Feil. FELLIN, s. V. Felt. FELOUN, Felloun, rt^'. l. Fierce, cruel. Certis 1 warne yow oH' a thing That happyn thaim, as God forbtd — That thai wyn ws opynly, Thai sail of « s haf na mercy. And, Sin we kraw {.Mvlxt feline will, Me think it jnid accord to skill, To 5CtstoutiH-E agayne felony. Barbour, xii. 259. MS. 8, Violent, dreadful. Strung luf bt'ginnis to rise and rage agane, ']!h\:JcUuun stormcs of iru gan hyr to sehaik. Doug. Fir^il, 118. 14. 3. Crtat ; denoting any thing in the extreme. FEN He wald resist, and nocht in Scotland gan^, He suld haili'dreid to wyrk so felloiine wrang, Wallace, vi. 289. MS. Fr. felon, fellon, fell, cruel ; A. S. Jellt, Belg. /,./, O. Vv.fcl, id. Felony, Ff.LNT, ^. l. Cruelty. liow mycht he traist on hym to cry, That suthfastly deniys all thing To haiti' mercy for his cryng, OlThim that, throw hWfeloni/, In to sic poynt had na mercy ? Bai hour, ir. 330. MS. , 2. Wrath, fierceness. An Erie than wes ncr hjnn by. That slwc a man in hy ^felnu. IV^ntown, Ti. 13. 90; — Tn-tiF/e/nj/ and dyspyte All Scotland he gert interdyte. Ibnl. Tii. 9. 139. A. S. fe/nts.w is used in the same sense. But our word is evidently Fr. fellonie, id. FELT, s. The creeping Wheat-grass, S. — " This soil, — if not regularly cleaned by pasturing and crops of turnips, is apt to be over- run with the creeping nheat-grass, known by the vulgar name of felt or pirl-grass." P. Fintry, Sta- tist. Ace. xi. 374. It seems to receive this name, because the ground' is matted by it so as to resemble the cloth cMcAfelt. FELT, s. They bad that Baich suld not be but — The Frcncie, the Fluxes, the Feyk and the Felt. Watsows Coll. iii. 13. V. Feyk. Perhaps what is called the fellum or fcllin, the name given to that disease of cattle, in which they. are hide.bound, Border. To FELTER, v. a. To entangle, S. B.. Thus making at her main, and Icwdring on. Thro' scrubs and craigs, with mony a heavy groan ; With bleodingjogs, and sair massacred shoon^ A\ ith Liudy's coat ayefcliring her aboon.-.- Ross's Hclenure, p. Gl. Skinner explains this term in the same manner, deriving it from Fr. feullrer, to cover with felt. " FalterW, rovsUed, dishevelled." North. Gl. Grose. FELT GRAVEL, the sandy gravel. " Before his death he was tormented with ihoFelt gravel, which he bare-most patiently." Spotswood's Ili'.f. p. 101. FELTIFARE, J. The Red-shank, or Field-fare,. a bird, S. It has been supposed, that from the name red- shank, S. reile sckanke, " probably originated the nursery story of the (ieldfare burning its feet, when it wished to domosiica'e \wili men like the robin- redbrea.st." Gl. Coinpl. p. 365. FEN, s. Mud, filth. He slaid and siummerit on the sliddry ground. And fell at erd grufelingis amid the fen. Or beistis blude of sacrifyre.- Doug. Virgil, 138. 42. Fimum, Yirg. It occurs in Lyheaus Disconus ; Bothc maydencs, and gars.soun, FEN FovyW/cn schull on the Ihrowe; Rilxoti's Met. Rom. ii. 64. i. e. " foul mud," a redundancy. Mr Took derives Jen, as used by Douglas, from A. S.Jj/niii-can, inucescere ; " to wax musfy, fusty, Jinnevsed or hoare ;" Somner. But it is evidently the same wiih A. ^./enn, iutum, sordes, MoesG. /iinif lutum, lj3.t.Juen-i/m. To FEN. V. Fend, ■:>. -2. To FEND, V. a. To tempt. Our lordis, for tliair mycht; Will allgatc fecht agane the rycht. Bot quha sa werrayis wrangwysly, Tliai/c«(/ God all to gretuiiily : And tltaiin may happen to raysfall. Barbour, xii. 364. MS. Offend occurs in edit. 1620. But the word seems rather from A. 'i. fand-ian, tentare. To FEND, Fende, v. a. i. To defend, S. Wallace in ire a burly brand can draw, Quhar feill Sotliroii war SKniblit vpon raw, To fende his men with his dcyr worthi hand. JVaUace,iY. 6\i. MS. My trees in bonrachs owr my ground Shall/e« fertile jere he went tille Alucrton. R. Brunne, p. 82. FERD, s. Force, ardour. " It was our great desire to have at once been at handystrokcs, well understanding that the fcrd of our hot spirits could not long abide in edge." Bail- lie's IjcU. i. 170. In fcrd seems to be used in a similar sense, in O. E. Krli's with thar powore, barons that er of pris, Kii) ghti-s gode & wight, scrgeanz alle in ferd, Thise sdllo alle be dight, & help the with thcr suerd. R- Bniiine, p. 202. Hearne improperly expl. the word, when thus dis- joined, " in a fright," 01. Inferd, used as one word p. 23., he renders " fearless." Bot the Scottcs kyng, that mayntend that strife, Opon Klfride ran, als trayfoure inferd. 'Elfridc he wonded «ilh dynt of a suerd. Perhaps rather, enraged, q. with great ardour of mind. V'. F\rd, s. FERDE, s. An host, an army. Ther folo mc a.ferdc of fendes of helle. They huric nie unhendeley, thai harme me in hight. Sir Gaican and Sir Gal. i. 15. A. S.faerd,ft/rd, exercitus, fromfar-an ire, pro- fisisci. FERDELY, adx>. With his futc the yett he straik wp rycht, Quhill braiss and band to byrst all at anyss. Ferdcly thai raiss, that war in to thai wanyss. The wachrtian had a fellounc stall' of stcill, At Wallace strake, bot he k^'p^ t hym weill. fVallace, iv.'244. MS. Edit. 1C48, it is changed to fra^cdlj/, i. c. " with alTright." It seems doubtful, whether it means " actively, cleverly," as being formed homferdij adj., or " un- der the intluence of terror." 'I'lic passage would admit of the former sense. But it may be an error of the writer (or ferdfi/, q. v. FERDER, adv. Farther. \\\d fcrilcr cik pcrordour mycht ye kuaw, Within the chcif deambulatour oa raw Of forcfaderis grcle ymagis dyd stand. Dour. Virgil, 211. 16. FERDY, Feirdy, aJj. Strong, able, active. A ferdy man, an able-bodied man, S. Sibb. writes it fiirdin, J'ftird/c,/icrdj/, rendering it " expeditious, handy, expert." Its meaning is Aijmcwhal dilFiTcnt. S. B. 1 nei'd na tell the pilgrts a' I've had wi'/i j'n/y foes ; It cost bai'h wit aiul pi;h to see The l)a(k-seanis o' Ihiir hose. Poems in the Ihtrhun Diidr.ct, p. 19. F E R The supcrl. formed from this is ferdilest, strongest; S. B. This might at first view appear derived from Isl. facr, able, powerful ; faere, strength. But another word,/c;j/, feerie, is formed from this. Ferdy, there- fore, seems to be merely Su.G. faerdig, paratus, Germ, farfig; frora/acrrf, a journey, or course. Belg. vacrdig, ready, quick ; vartiga, expeditos, paratos, Gl. Pez. p. 319. Su.G. ojaerdig denotes any one who is lame, or unfit for a journey. V. Tongue- PERDY. FERDLY, adv. Fearfully, timidly. He sparyt at hir, quhat hapny t in the ayr. Sorou, scho said, is nothing ollis tliar. Ferdlj/ scho ast, Allace, quhar is Wallace? Wallace, vii. 255. and also v. 1042. Fcrdly is still used in this sense, Border. FERE, adj. " Fierce, wild ;" Tytler. Lat. fer.us. Of bestis sawe I mony diucrse kynd. The lyon king and his /ere lyonesse. King's Qiiair, v. 4. It may, however, signify companion. But the former sense is supported by the application of the same epithet to the tiger, st. 5. FERE, s. Appearance, shew. V. Fair. FERE, Feer, s. a companion ; pl.Jeris. The quhethir ane, on the wall that lay, Besid him till his Jere gan say, " This man thinkis to mak gud cher." Barbour, x. 385. MS. Off thair/e77s leyfTand was left no ma. IVullace, V. 408. MS. Chaucer, id. A. S. ge-Jera, Teut. ge-Jerde, soci- us, comes. Skinner views /ar.«H, ire, as the root. But it is more closely allied to Isl. egfaer, eo, feror; whence /cfcr, which not only signifies iter, profectio, but comitatus : G. Andr. p. 67. Isl. Jaere is also rendered, the power or opportunity of meeting, oc- casio aggrediendi, congrediendi facultas ; Verel. Ind. Hence, perhaps, E. and S.Jair, a market, i. e. a place where people have an opportunity of meet- ing ; which Dr Johns, derives from Fr. Joire. Some might prefer Lat. fer-ia, especially because Jairs were held during the Popish festivals, and are still held at the same times in this country. Unt feria seems retained in a form more nearly resembling the original word. V. Fiery. Feer for feer, every way equal. — That's hearkning guecd, the match is feer Jar Jeer. Ross's Helenore, p. 21. In Jere, together, in company. Thir four, trewly to tell, Foundis injcr. Guzsan and Gol. iii. 8. i. c. " they go in company." Chaucer, id. All injcris, altogether. The last sex bukes of Virgil alinjcris contenis Strang battellis and weris. Doug. Virgil, 7. 33. yfcre,ijfcris:, are \ised in the same sense. Al samyn swam tliay hand in h\i.r\A y fere. — The chiflanis all joned with hale poweris, And hendniest wardis swarmed M uferis. U'tiiiT. Virgil, Z<2,1. 34. — 331. 52. ¥ E R \, S. gefei;gefere, com'itntus, consortium. Hence j/fire, ge being softened in pronunciation iuto i/, of which there are many instances. In Gen. gcjeres. Earl tint iires ge/eres, Es tu nostri comitatus ? Jos. V. 13. Hence j/Jeris. FERE, Fer, adj. Entire, sound. Ha/e andfer^ not as Mr Pink, imagines, " whole and fair^ complete and in good array ;" but whole and entire, a phrase yet commonly used, S. For the King, full chcwalrusly, Defend) t all his ciimpany ; And wcs set in full gret danger ; And yeit cschapyt hailc and_/e;-. Barbour, iii. 92. MS. So hele and fere mote sauf me Ju|)iter ! Doug flrgil, 282. 21. This Rudd. traces to the same source with in fere, yferc, &c. But it seems rather allied to Isl._/«fe»", Su.G.yber, valid us, C. B.ffer, robustus. FERE o/WEIR. V. Feir. FERE. The Kyng hym self Latinus the grcte here Quhisperis and musis, and is in ma.ncTe fere, Quham he sail cheis, or call vnto hys thraw To be his douchteris spous, and son in law. Doug. Firgil, 435. 9. Of fere occurs in MS. If this be the true reading, it may signify, afraid, q. of fear. But the other seems preferable, as probably denoting uncertainty of mind ; A.^.faer, cassus, improrisus. FERETERE, s. A bier. How mony fereteris and dule habitis schyne Sal thou behald, as thou flowis at Rome Doun by hys new made sepulture or toume ! Doug. Virgil, 197. 32. LiaX. feretrum. FERY, Feirie, Feerie, adj. Fresh, vigorous, active, agile, S. All thocht he eildit was, or step in age, AXsfery and als swipper as ane page. Doug. Ftrgil, 173. 54. i. c. ■•' as agile and nimble as a boy." A King thair was sunityme, and eik a Queene, As raonie in the land befoir had bene. The king was fair in pcrsoun, fresh and fors; Ane feirie man on futc, or yit on hors. Priests if Peblis, Pink. S. P. Repr. i. 18. Mr Pink, renders it bold, but without any reason. We still use a similar jihrase. It is said of one who Is not lit for walking from lameness or otherwise; He's no feerie of the feet, Loth. Of foot he is not feerie, And may not deal with travel. J Vat i oil's Coll. i. 59. Rudd. says; "f. from A.S. /ar-a;;, ire." Itmight seem, at first view, that this is most probably the same with _Ferd[i/, q. V. especially as Sii.G. ofaerdig, comp. of o priv. a,ndfaerJig, has the same sense, as espl. by Ihre. Dicitur de claudo, aut membro quodara debi- lij propricque notateum qui itineri suscipiendo incp- tus est. V. Faerd, iter. But both feerie zwAfcr. dy are used, S. B. in a sense somewhat different; the liist as denoting activity or. agility, the second. FER strength, without necessarily including the idea of activity. This is nearly allied to Gexm.ferig promptus, ex. peditus, alacer ; which seems formed from Isl. facr, agilis, fortis. V. Fere, adj. 2. I know not, if these words have any connexion with Isl. y?o?-, vita, vigor; Landuamabok. A. S. feorh, soul, life, spirit. Feerie is also used Loth, in a sense directly the reverse, as signifying, frail, feeble. This rather cor- responds to the term in Isl. opposed to faer ; ufaer, ofaer, weak. Ferihe, Feerelie, adv. Cleverly, with agili- ty, S. " Ferelie, nimbly, cleverly ;" Rudd. Of that the Scottis tuke gude comfort, Quhcn ihay saw him sa. feerelie Loup on his hors sa galyeardlie. Lyndsay's Scjuyer Meldrum, 1594. A. viii. 6. FERIAT, adj. Feriat tymes, holidays. " The said advocates, clerks, &c. to tcstifie thair godlie disposition to the furtherance of God's service, do otfcr to pay yeirlie, not excluding, but compre- hending herein all vacant and feriat tymes, to the provest, &c. allenarlie to the behuif of the said minister serving the cure of the kirks within the said burgh, all and haill the sum of 11 pennies money of this realm, furlh of ilk twenty shillings of mail!, quhilk sail be payit for thair housis, chambers and buitiis occupied and possessit be thaim." Ads Scd'. 29 July, 1637. hai.feriati dies, Plin. from feriae, holidays. FERIE-FARIE,j. Bustle,v<. ■:». Farrowed. On the wallis thai gan cry That thair sow wcs fer'yt thar. Barbour, xvii. 701'. MS. Anone thou sail do fynd ane mckyll swyne, Wyth thrctty hudcferryit of grisis fyne. Doug. Virgil, 241. 9. Sw. Smoland. facrria, porcellos parere, Seren. ftomfarre, vi'rres, A. S. fcurh, porcellus. These are evidently allied to Lat. verr-es. FERYT, j!)/v^. -J. Waxed, grew, became. Thair cheyff chyftan/ecj/? als ferss as fyre, Throw matelent, and werray propyr ire. Wallace, iii. 165. MS. Su.G. _/«;■-«, to act, to conduct one's self, whence fora, consuctudo vel modus agendi. FERITIE, s. Violence, ferocity; from Lat. fer -us, " Shall a bare pretence of zoale, and intention of a good endi!, make more than Cyclopicke./a/vV/c. ami F E R dcviluh (leceite, to become good religion ?" Forbes'i Kiih^liis p. 1'23. FERLE. V^ Farle. FERLIE, FERKi.y, Farlie, t. A wonder, a siraiigc event, S. ThU/creli/ befelle in EnRlonil forest. Sir Gutcun and Sir Gal. ii. 29. Abuuc this cilv. betiil anc nmreferlie. Doug f^irgil, ^07. 5. Alio f^rete fi-rlj/ and woinidcr was perfay To Turniis king of Itutilianis in that lydc. Iljid. 324. 39. It is used b_v Lanqiand. — On a May morning, on Maluerne hylles, M« befcl a j^c/y, a fayry me tiiouglit. — Manyi'/o/c-.s haue fallen, in few yt-res. 1'. i'CoiighniHn, Pasx. I. A. i. a. ii. a. II. In a poem, written bi-foro A. l-'JOO, entitled " A Di.-iiii-ation by : «one u Crj stone man and a Jew," tiie phrase, heil.teftirtij, occurs. 'I'hf ciiitcn mon heddefiirly What bit mihte mene. Warton struii^cly niistaltes the meaning, rcmlering it, " was very attentiTr, heeded;" whereas it eri- dently signities, " was surprised ;" literally, '-had wonder." V. Hist. K. Foet. II. 231. Note. It is \vritten_/4(/7f, P. Flonghnian, Fol. 51. b. Chan, cer OSes it as an adj. siijnifying strange ; which seems its original sense, not, as Sibb. supposes, " from q. Juir-like, from the gew.gaws exposed to sale at a fair;" but from A. S./WroZ/r, faerlic, fertic, subi. tus, repentinus ; alKo,'acfording to Somncr, horren. dus. This is uudoiibtodly formed from A. S. /aer, Rubitus, and lie, q. having the appearance of siulden. iiess. Hence it has naturally enough bi-en transfer- red to what causes surprise. 'fia.G. farli^, Isl.fcrlig, are used in the sense of Lat. mire, as farlig zcachcrf niire pulcher,y"cWci'« diuplfcn, pains mire profunda; Hire, TO. Ffwa, p. 4'.19. ThusyiT/j/ occurs in O. E. lie felt him hcuy Hiftirly scltc, his body wex alle sccrc. R. Brunne, p. 18. To Ferly, v. n. To wonder. The fare portis alsua \\i>fcrljjt fast. Dung. I'irgiJ, 26. 10. Tsanc/crlies mair than fulis. Chcrrie and Slac, st. 61. This V. has been formed from the s, Ferlyfull, adj. Wonderful, surprising. — ^^■ith iAfcilijfiiU a mycht Off men oU'ariiiys, and archeris,— Jle Come, riduud out olf his land. Uurhnur, xiii. 638. MS. Ihid. ver. €38. FERLYtiT, V/allace, xi. i«;7«, E. A. S. tliearm, Isl. iharm, Belg. darm, Sw. farm, intcstinuni. This word is much corr. Bntfcrm is used, S. B. FERNITICKLES, s. pi. Freckles, spots in the skin from the influence of the sun, S. Perhaps having ticks or dots resembling those on thc/ern or bruhcn ; or from Dan.fregne, freckles. Ferniticki.ed, Fairntickl'd, adj. Freckled, S. farn-tickled, A. Bor. id. And there will befu/rnlickl'd Hew liii^un'x S. Sung', i. 210. FERNYE.'\R,FARNE-yEiR,FAiRNYEAR,j. The preceding year, the last year, S. lle,j'airn^e(ir, 'gainst the en'mie's power, \Vi' a choice gang had wander'd. Hev. J. Nicol's Poems, ii. 3. " Every one knows that the epithet given to Robert III. was Fariinj/eir: But the import of the word is not generally known. Faren, furun, is gone or pas'i, as farund is going or pas.'-iv.g. — Thus furanyeir mvam of the iHist jjcar. or late; and Robert Faran^cir is precisely the lute King Robert. Robert III. sometimes received the appellation of John Fa. ranjjeir, because his baptismal name was Jchn. And thus he was distinguished from John Balliol, or John thejirat." Annals, Scot. II. 282. T E R But the loamcil writer seems to err in his ctymolo- CiV. For aMhowghJarne, as Sibb. has observed, vo. Fare, sometimes signifies " went, passed :" the term before us is more probably allied to MoesG.Ji/enn, old. Fairniji vein hatizo ist ; Old wine is better. Wcm.forn, olim. A. S._^rn, antiquitas,y/yr«-f/rtw, uiiliqiiae dies, olim. 'Teut. vernen, anni superiorc, Sterne, vetus. The Germ, yet say, /rt??f ziivorn, din ante ; and call wine of the last yea.?, fdrnigcr or fir. ner srien ; Isl. Sv.G.Jorn, vetus. O. Fs.ferne ago is long ago. He was found onrc, • And it IS feme ago, in Saynt Frances time. P. Ploughman, Fol. 80. b. We also find /c/e/wn/cr.T, which must be under, stood as sisnifying many past years. I haue followed the in fayth, thys xi.v wynter, And ofttimes haue mened tlie to think on tliin end. And how fele fcrniers arc farcn, & so few to comen. Ibid. Fol. 59. b. In the first edit, it is \>T\nte(] fernies ; but corrcc. ted as here in edit. 15.61. Feme t/ere, Chaucer, according to Tyrwhitt, "seems to signify /o/vner ,2/<^a/-i-.". But from the connexion, it can only mean, last year. Farewell all the snowe of feme yerc. Troil. R. .5. V. 1176. Junius therefore properly refers to Alem. font, when expl. this phrase; Etymol. He derives />wn from/oran, or/o;vi«, ante, before, Gl. (ioth. ; but MoesG. /«?>«/, from/<«rr«, longc, procul. Lesley, Bp. of Ross, uses/«rrtc daj/es, but whether as signifying o/d or past, soems doubtful. In the former case, his language is tautological. " I might here fetche foorth olde fame dayes. I might rcache backe to the noble worthie Kings long before the conquest, of whose royal blood she is descended." Title of Succession, A. 1584. p. 20. Lord Hailes is still farther from the truth in assign, ing the reason for conferring this surname on Robert 111. For, first, it docs not appear that he was ever called Robert Fernj/cir. In Skene's Table of the Kings, he is designed " Robert 3. sur.named John Fanie-1/eir." Nor is there the least reason for sup. posing that this name was not conferred on him till after his death. It indeed seems to have been given him soon after his accession. The reason of it is ob. vious. After he had, for whatever cause, assumed the name of Robert, the people, struck with the sin. gularity of the circumstance, in a ludricous way eal. led him .Tohn Fcrnj/eir, because he was formerlj/ named John ; literally, he who last i/ear was John. This is not the only instance of the term Fernj/eir having jiroved a stumbling. block to the learned. Skinner after mentioning it, sagely observes : Exp. Febriiarj/, nescio an sic dictus, a Feriis, &c. It may be added, that those who meet with any particular hardship during fhe year, are wont to use this Prov. " If I live anither year, I'll ca' tliis year Fernj/ear ;^' Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 41. Fernyear's Tale, a fabrication. So with the lady on a time, On his foot with her would he gang. Then to his fellow would amang ; And then told him a. fern-year'' f tale. F E R — But all was feigned each a deal. Sir Egeir, p. 19. 1. e. a story that had as little relation to the truth as what happened last year ; equivalent to the mo- dern phrase, an old sotig. Amang is probably corr. S. fernyears news is used to denote any piece of in- tellisence that has been known long ago. FERR, Fared, Wallace, iii. 83. Four, MS. FERRARIS, s. pi. Barell ferraris, casks used for carrying on horseback the drink necessary for an army, or in travelling. The burell ferraris that war fhar Cumbryt thaim fast that ridand war. Barbour, xv. 39. MS, The sChip-men sonc in the mornyng 'J'ursyt on twa hors fliarc flyttyng. [Ano] a pair of coil crelis [bare,] 'i'hal covryt welle wyth clathis are ; The fothir burell ferraris twa ; Full of wattyr als war tha. • fVyntou:n, viii. 38. 53. It is certainly the same word with Fr. ferriere. " a kinde of big Dutch leathern bottle ;" Cotgr. Une grosse bouteillc de metal, et ordinairemcnt d'ar- gent, dans laquclle on porte du vin chez le Roi. File est carree, ou demironde d'un cote, et i)late de I'autrc. — Luferriere n'est diflerente dn fiacon que par la figure. Dans Rabelais, la ferric're est un fla- con de cuir. Panurge appellc sa ferriere, J'ade mecum ; Diet. Trev. Perhaps from hat. fer-o, fcrre, to carry ; or fer- rar-ius, as probably bound with iron hoops. FERRY COW, a cow that is not with calf, and therefore continues to give milk through the winter, S. A cow of this description is oppcs- ed to one that goes yeld. I suspect that the phrase is radically the same with Belg. vure koe, a cow that yields no more milk. For although it seems to signify the very reverse, perhaps the original idea was, that a cow, that did not carry, would by degrees lose her milk entirely. FFRRYAR, Fer rear, s. A ferryman, a boat- man. " All baitmen and ferry arts, quhair hors ar fer- ryit, sail haue for ilk baite a trcnebrig, qnhairwith thay may ressauc within thair baittis trauellouris hors fhroiv the roalme, vnliurt and vnskaithit." Acts Ja. I. 1425. c. 66. edit. 1566. Thir riueris and Ihir watteris kcpit war Be ano Charon, ane grh\y ferrear. Doug. Virgil, 17?. 42. Su.G. facria, to firry ; faerjc-karle, a ferry-niaa. FERRYIT. V. Feryt. FERS. Onfcrs. All hevinly thing raone of the self discend,* Dot gif sum thing on fers mak resistence ; \ Than mcy the streme be na wayis mak offence, Na ryn bakwart. ' llenrysone, Bunnatyue Poems, p. 117. st.' 5'. '■^ Fers, force;" Gl. If this be right, on fers must signify, perforce, of necessity. FERSIE, J^. The leprosy of horses, S._/}/rV tuke vp the bonis of his grandame Sanct Margaret, & put thame in ane precious /e;7oHr of syliier the x\i. day of July." Belkiid. Cron. B. xiii. c. IG. 6'u;)ju/«e argenteae ; Boeth. L. B. J'cretnirn, a sarcophagus; ivhence O. Fr. ftertre, a chest in whieh reliques of saints were kept. V. Feretnim, Dn Cangc. MaJcolin Canmorc having chosen Forfar as one of the chief places of his residence, the memory of his e^tcellent Queen is still held in great veneration there. A (ilare, which now forms a peninsula, jutting into the I.oth of Forfar, but w hich was formerly an island, is still called St Margaret''^ Inch. Tradition says, that she used frecpiently (o retire (hither for the pur- poses of devotion ; and the foundations of a building, said to have been erected «ith this design, are still to he seen. Till of late years the young women of Forfar were wont annually to walk in procession to ihc Incli on the '21st of July, in cjinmemorafion of the translation of her bones, as mentioned above in the extract from Hellenden. The term is commonly used by 0. E. writers. [le tok vp ihe bones, In AjiTlic tham laid a riche for the nones. R. liruiiiu; p. 36. To FEST, V. a. l. To fix, to secure. Our seymly soverane hymself forsulh will noirht Quhitl he have frely fangit your freodschip to feH. Gaican and Got. ii. 9. Sn.O./acf/.a, B(^g. vent-en, to fasten, A.'>.fuestf A. Bor. t.ifcst, to fasten, to tie, or bind. fast :. To confirm, by promise or oath. For fhi nianh( id this forthwitrt to rae fe>t, Qnlicn that (how seis thow may no lancr..]- lest • On till., i!k pl;ko-, (|iihilk I hailnane to wcr, At thow cum furth, and all othir forbor. huUitre, xi. .187. MS. — Fewfe I ynafcft wifhoni fmyring, Sa that (he cause may be kend, ami knawin throw si""- Gaiziin and Gol. iv. 26. Harry (he Minstrel nsrs it in (lu- same sense. Pissand (hai war, and myeht no laugar lest, Till iQ^lissmen, thair fcvie for (o ff.f. tVaiiutc, li! !}40. MS. F E T Test, by mistake, in Perth edit. ; hiitfcsf in MS. as in edit. 'l6 18 and 1673. Ihre's delinition of Su.G. fast-a shews that it is used in a sense nearly allied to enfeoff. Fa\ta dici. tur actus ille forensis. quo eintori pknaria rei vendi. tae possessio adjudicatur, postquini c^rto, ct in lege deJinito, tempore contractus hie publice annunliatus est. Tlie origin seems to be Ju'-t lirmns. Germ. fest.en, vest-en, stipular:, interposifa lide vel jura, meiito ; l.vl./e. /-(.'. juramen to confirmare,/ci/a A-oh«. domi, in s.-ntontiam regis jurare,_/i;rf«, stipulatio fi, dii ; Ver-.l. hid. To Fessin, z'. a. To fasten, S. " Sa mekil is the lufe of God Sc our nychbour fcsunil and linkit togiddir, that the tane lufe can nocht be had Without the tothir." Abp. Ilamiltoun'i Cateehi-me, 1551. Fol. 4'2. b. 43. a. FtSTNYNG, s. Confirmation of a bargain. lie gert stryk olt'hys (wa liandis, T half est nj/ng «es of the coivnandis. tVtjntoun, vi. 12. 76. A. S. fuestnung, ls\.fet!ti!ig, id. V. Handfas'3. To FETYL, V. n. To join closely, to grapple in fight. The Scottis in. to giul aray To gyddyr kny( (hai:ii, apertly Tuk (he tVld, and m.inl^ kly Fetlijl wyth thare fals in f}cht. IVj/ntorsn, viii. 16. 197. Su.G./e//-/«, Isl. Jil-ift, to tie, ligare, connec. tere ; Isl. Su.G. /«f///, ligamen, cingulum, a band, a fetter, a girdle. Mr Macpherson mentions the last word as used in the same sense, VVestmcrel. FETTIL, Fettle, s. Expl. " Ease, condition, energy, power, strength," Gl. Shirr. Her tongue tint fettle, her tongue lost the faculty of speech, S. B. The grip detain'd her, but she cud na speak ; Her tongue for ftar tiiit/e/^/r. fettle signifies to prepare. FETTLE, nJJ. 1. Neat, tight, well-made, S. B. of the same meaning as F../cat, wliich has been derived from Fr. fait, q. hien-fait. Ra- ther perhaps from Su.G. fatt, aptus ; if not from the same origin wiihyrtj/. 2. Short ; applied to one who is low in stature^ but well-knit, S. B. FETOUS, adj. Neat, trim, Rudd. Fetusly, adv. Featly, neatly. His riche arrey did oner his schulderis hyng. FEU Bet on ane purpour claith of Tyre glitteryng, Fctusly stekit with pirnyt goldiii thredis. Doug. Virgil^ 108. 51. Sibb. has properly referred to O. Yr.Jakiis^.isse, id. To FEUCH, Feugh, s. To take a whiff, S. B. " Fcugh at h\s pipe."' Journal from London, p. 2. \i\.fiuk.a, to ba driven by the wind, vi-nto a?!. tari, nini^ore; ,fiiil', a cloud, or any thing, driven by the wind ; Buls;.//(//(:/i-f«, to drive. Feuch, .f. A whiff, S. B. Is!. _/;(//:, tempcsfas rigida. FEUCH, s. « A sounding blow, S. B." Gl. Shirr. Fcuchit, Fife- Teut. /«jf^, pulsus. FEVERFOULLIE, s. whcillie^ S. B. FEVER-LARGIE, r. Feverfew, S. Feather- Expl. Two stomachs to eat, and one to work ; County unknown. FEU, Few, s. A fief; a possession held of a superior, on payment of a certain yearly rent, S. The niode of possession is also called ytit- Jerme, the rent Jlw-dc'utu', or Jew-mai//. " In case it sail happen in time cumniing ony vassal or fcicar, balding lands in fc-^-fermc, — to failyie in makini; of payment of his fciL--dcictie ; — they sail amitle and tiuo their said feu of their saids lands, conforme to the civill and cannon Law." Acts Ja. VL 1597. c. 216. Sibb. asserts, that the word in all the three forms of /e«, fee, Fr. fief, " is an abbreviation of L. B. feudum or feodum, the original meaning of which was certainly neither more nor less than bondage or slavcrj/." lie adds that feudum comes from A. S. •theudam, Iheoisdom, servitium, servitus, manci patio; and that " those writers who had occasion to men. tion the word in Latin, took the liberty to write feudum instead of theudum, there being, in fact, no such sound, as th in that language." But t-his passage is one continued tissue of errors. The first assertion ought to be inverted. For it will generally be found, that the L. B. terms, such especially as respect laws, customs, ifcc. are merely Gothic or O. Fr. words latinized. Of this innu. merable proofs occur in Du Cange. Feod.um,feud. um, as Somner acutely observes, seems to be merely A. S. feo.hod, from feo pecunia, and had, or hod, a particle denoting quality, as in childhood, kc. with a Lat. termination ; unless the last word should ra- ther be Gothic firf, possession. Somner views /co- hod as analogous to all-hod, whence he derives L. B. allodium. But allodial rights are opposed to those that are feudal. V. Erskine's Inst. B. ii.T. S. and Udal. To support his theory, Sibb. has imposed a sense on feudum, which it did not ongiViaJ/j/ bear. Sub- jection, and often servitude, was connected with feudal possession. This arose, however, from the nature of the tenure, but was not necessarily im- plied in the sense of the term ; which simply de- noted possession on the ground of paying a certain rent, in money or other goods, being of the same origin with Fe, q. v. Is it probable tha.t feudum, a word generally used F I A throngh Europe, should originate from theozodom, a term which seems to have been confined to the A. S. ? With what propriety can it be said that " there is no such sound as th" in Lat. when it retains so many words of Gr. origin, which begin with this ver}- sound? V^'cre the writers of the dark ages more retined. in their taste, and more fastidious as to the admission of foreign sounds, than those of the .Vugustan age? In a word, if feu be from iheu. dom., how did our ancestors so readily give up lluir own primitive sound for one borrowed from bar- barous lalinity ? Feuar, Fewar, .f. One who holds lands on con- dition of paying a certain rent or duty to the superior, S. V. Feu. FEU RE, s. Furrow. V. Fur. FEWE, adj. Fallow, or grey. V. Fauch. FEWLUME, s. " Forte, a sparrow halk," Rudd. lie comptis na mare the gled, nor thefeislumc, Thocht wele him likis the goishalk glaid of plume. Doug. I'irgil, 271. 54. FEWS, FouETS, s.pl. Houseleek, S. Semper^ vivum tectorum, Linn. A cataplasm of the leaves is reckoned very efficacious in burns and hot ulcers. FEWTE', s. Fealty, allegiance. Olf all Ranchryne bath man and page Knelyt, and maid the King homage; And tharwith swour him feicle, To serve him ay in lawte. Harbour, iii. 757. MS. O. FT.fcau!tc,feauteyhomfcal, faithful, and this from Lat. Jidel-is. To FEWTER, Futer, v. a. To bring close or lock together. Nane vthir wyse the Troianc oistis in feild, And Latyne routis lohj/t vnder schicld. Metis in the melle, joned samyn tlian Thay/err/er fute to fute, and man to man. Doug. Virgil, 328.41. Futer, MS. Haeret pede pes, densusque viro vir. f'irg. According to Rudd. '' their feet are intangled or faltered [feltred] together, from Fr.feutrc, a felt." Isl./o(//--a, subnectere, consuere. But I suppose thatitis rather allied to fiaetr-a compedibus constrin- gere ; fotur shackles for the feet ; q. They feller foot to foot. FEWTIR, s. Rage, violent passion. Thair cheyfT chyftan feryt als ferss as fyre, Throw matelent, and werray propyr ire ; On a gret horss, in till his glitteraud ger, lafezstir kest a fellono aspre sper. IVallace, iii. 168. MS._ Isl. fudra, efllagro, citus moveor, more fulgoris ; fudr, calor, motus. FIALLES, s. pi. Vassals, dependants, those holding by a feudal tenure. " The Cardinallis banner was that day displayit, and all his fiallis war chargit to be under it."— Knox's Hist. p. 42. MS. l.fieaUis. London cdit.yi7eJ, p. 46. 3 F 2 r I c F I E L. li./evalis, of the same meaning with feuda'.if, {rum fevaiii ii'-eil d^fciitluin. Dn C'uimc. FI ARS, /. pi. The prices of grain legally fixed, in a county, for the current year, S. " SoiniMinics — the price in Siili-s of ^raiii is lixed by the Shcriff-fiuis. Tlicsc are the rates settled by a sentence of the sherilF, proceediiis; on the report of a jury, on the dillerent kinds of grain, of the :;rowlh of the county for the preceding crop ; and serve as a rule for ascertaining the prices, not only in contracts where the parties themselves cannot fix them, but in all sales where it is agreed to accept of the rates settled by the Jiars." Erskinc's Instit. B. lii. T. 3. s. 4. lliidd. and Sibb. write feires, feirf, but I sus. pi'ct, improperly. The former ilerives it from fire, entire ; the latter, with much more plausibility, •' from Fr. ftiir, estimatio Tcnalium, pretii consti. tutio; iijf'tfiirer, annonae vcnali pretium edicerc ; J'oj/, fides, because the affeurers were sworn to give a just judgment." But jeiir is undoubtedly from I-at. for-itni, the market place where commodities are purchased, and by which the price is generally regulated. V. Diet. Trev. I'iars, notwithstanding the similarity, seems to have no affiuity lofeitr. It is of Goth, origin ; Isl. Ji(ir,ffiir, the genit. of j'e,/ic, peciini;i, opes, bona, thesauri, faeultates, pccora, armenta, Verel. ; a term including every species of wealth, real or fictitious. Fiar aiiilii, consumptio facultatum ; ibid. V. Fe. FICHE, s. A fish. For Phcbus was (nrnd in a cat. And Venus in ajicke maist flat. Buret, fVatsoti's Colt. ii. 4. The author, however, has forgot the mythology here. It was Phoebe that was metamorphosed into a cat. .Vlthougb the Northern nations did not deal so deeply in transformations as the Latins, the ancient Norwegians believed that, as the whales drove the herring into the coast, when the mariners quarrelled and shed blood, they drove them awa}'. Spec. Regal, p. 125. 126. The fishermen on our own coasts be- lieve, that the tish liave an unnatural redness dur- ing war. The |)hrase, a fvul fish, which we apply to one of a bad character, is used in Su.CJ. A piscatoribns habemus, . fecc-an, io fetch. To FICKLE, V. a. To puzzle, to perplex, to i:educe to a nonplus, Loth. It occurs apparently in this sense in Wallace, i.x. 1803. edit. 1G18. And left his turnc M fielded in follie. Where it is used (or fykit in MS. V . the passage, vo. Felcit. Fikele is used O. E. in the sense of flatter. This was lo ! the gode dogter, that iiolde_/?Ae/e nogt. R. Glouc. p. 36. This is from A. S. ficol, versipellis, " a wilie or crafty fellow," Somner. The other might seem to be a dimin. from^^. But it undoubtedly claims the same origin with Su.G. wickla, pron. vicklu, complicare, Ihrc, vo. ncika; en-vikla, to puzzle, Seren. from veck, a fold ; vcckla, to fold up, Wideg. Junius, Skinner, and Johnson, all derive ^fcM' E. unstable, from A. S.^fco/, versipellis. But there is no relation, except in sound. Etymologists, by not attending to the near aflinity, I might almost say, identity of the letters/, v, w, in the Northern languages, have often perplexed both themselves and the world with unnatural derivations. Fickle is evidently from A. S. xsicel-ian, vacillare, to wagg, to stagger, to reel ; Somner. l-ii. iceikl-ast, Su.G. iiackl-u, id. What is fickleness, but the vacillation of the mind? Although Su.G. zcacila, as well as loick-a, instabilem esse, motitari, are traced to sources difierent from that of kH-u, vii-a, plicare, (which also signifies flectere), and envikl.a, to puzzle ; I am inclined to think that they are all from one fountain. For when the mind is puzzled or perplexed, it is reduced to a state of fickleness. It may also be observed that the Lat. term vacill-ure has the same radical letters with the Northern words ; if it be admitted that c was sounded by the Romans hard, like Gr. «. FicKLY, adj. Puzzling, Loth. V. the v, FIDDER, s. A multitude, a large assemblage. The Pown I did persaue, Togidder with the turtill Dow, The last of all the laue. 'i'hisjtdder, togidder, Unto the wood ar went. Buret's Pilgr. l^Vat son's Coll. ii. 29. This seems to be merely yfiWtr, ftidder, used im. properly. V. FuDDEa. FYDRING, .r. Bewar now, ore far now To pas into this place ; Consydring quhat^^rf^vVtg- Lyes in your gait alace ; — With sackles blud, quhilk lieir is shecf, So ar thir placis haill orespred, Lamcntabill to tell. Burel, Pilg. Watson's Coll. ii. 30. This term, from what follows, seems to imply the idea of danger or hostility ; q. confederation, abbr. from Fr. conftdcr-ez. Or it may merely denote the collection of a multitude. V. Fiddee. FIE, s. Sheep. V. Fe. FIEL, Burns, iv. 317. V. FEIL, mlj. FIERCELINGS, Fiercelins, adv. In a hu- ry, with violence, S. B. F Y G F I K Some fright he judg'd the beauty might have And thought that she cv'n by hcrsell might be, And if awaken'd^e>Tt'//«o-s.atf might flee. Tto.M'i Ileloiurc, p. 28. 1 camcjiercelins in, And wi' my traotlims made a clattering din. Ibid. p. 37. It is sometimes used as an adj. The Jiercelings race her did so hetly cadge, Her slainmacli cud na sic raw vittals swago. Ibid. p. 56. i. e. " her violent motion." FIERY, J. 1. Bustle, confusion, S. 2. It is sometimes used to denote rage ; also pron. Jieroch^Juroc/j, Perths. Su.G. fir.d^ to celebrate ; fira ens fudehe dag, to celebrate one's, birth. day, Germ. Jej/er-en, id. Ihrc observes, that the learned are not agreed, whe. ther this word has been preserved from the times of heathenism, and derived from_/ei//', tire ; or adopt, ed, after the introduction of Christianity, from Lat. feria, a festival. The former seems most probable ; as Teut. vier-ea, not only significs_/en«)T, to keep a holiday, but festos extruere ignes, to kindle festi. val fires : and also, to celebrate the Vulcanalia, to keep the feast of Vulcan, who by the A. S. was called fijres-god^ by the Alem. feur.gott. Teut. vier-en corresponds to Franc. yir-o«, feriari. Perhaps, as used in the second sense, it is from Gie]. fearg,yeirge, anger, indignation. V. Faby. FiERY-FARY, s. 1. ConfusloB, bustle, S. All folks war in Sijicri) fairy. Batllc Ilarlum, Evergreen, i. p. 78. st. 2. Allace, I have not time to tarie, To schaw you all thcfiricj/irie ; How those, that had the gouernance, Amang them selfis raisit variance. Lyndsaj's Warkis, 1592. p. 269. 2. It is used by Baillie in a peculiar sense, as if equivalent to shew, pietcnded bustle. " What he said of the King, he meant ever of his just proceedings ; — that chamber and table dis- course, for argument, flum. flams, ^nd fearie-fairies, could not be treasons." Journal of Strafl'ord's Trial, Lett. i. 283. This is evidently formed from the preceding word, conjoined with Fury, q. v. ; which is the same in another form. i^IESE WILK, the Striated Whelk, Buccinum tenue dense striatum, duodecim mini- mum spiris donatum longitudinis unciaiis, a Fiese IVilk. Sibb. Fife, p. 1 34. Denominated from its spiral form. V. Feeze, v. FIFT, Houlate, iii. )0. — The lilt pype, and the lute, the cithill andjift. Read as in MS. inji t; i. e. " the cithill in hand." FY-GAE-BY, s. A ludicrous designation for the diarrhoea, S. It seems to rtceivc this name from the haste which it causes ; q. fy, an interjection, equivalent to, make haste ; gae by, give me liberty to pass. For the same reason it is also called the Backdoor-trot. They are both low words. Other terms are -used, the grossncss of which forbids that they should be mentioned. FYELL, Phioll, j^. " A cupola, or round vaulted tower," Rudd. Pinnakillis,^e/to, turnpckkis mony one, — Thair micht be sene Palice of Honour, iii. 17. Wr Pink, has left this for explanation, not haviny observed that Douglas elsewhere gives a different or- thography of the same word. Towris, turettis, kirnalis, and pjnnakillis hie Of kirkis, castellis, and ilk faire ciete, Stude payntit, euery fane, phioU und stage, A))oune the plane ground. — Doug. Virgil, Prol. 400. 21. Rudd. derives it from Fi.f ale, E. a vial, as Ital. cupola, according to Evelyn, is from Lat. cupa oi cuppa, a large cup, which it resembles. But the origin is certainly Lat. Vhalae, which, according to Vitruvius, were towers of an oval form ; denominated from the Falae or Fhalac, the pillars erected in the Roman Circus, for marking how many rounds the charioteers had completed, — one being taken down for every round. V. Adam's Roman Anliq. p. 340. In latter times wooden towers were called P/ialac. Duo jubentur insfitui lignea castra, quae nos sumus soliti vocare Fhalus. Guibert. Hist. Hierosol. Lib. vii. c. 6. In an O. Fr. Gloss, cited by Dii Cangc, Fala is rendered, Tour de bois, Beflroi ; or, a watch-tower. Jyat. fala, a high tower made of timber, Plant. FIGMALIRIE, s. A whim, a maggot. But Bess the whig, a raving rump, Took fgmaliric!/, and wald jump, With sword and pistol by her side, And cock a-stride a rowing ride On the hag-ridden sumph, and gra])ple Him hard and fast about the thrapple. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 496. Perhaps originally the same term with JVhigmti- leerie, q. v. To FIKE, Fyke, Feik, v. n. l. To be restless, to be constantly in a state of trivial motion', without change of place, S. If v.e had made our judgements lurk. Till once we'd seen how things would work. W^e should have met with little more Of foul reproaches than before : But we forsooth mn^ifyke and fling, And make our pulpits sound and ring With bulkie words against the TeU ; And now wc see the day I guest. Cleland's Poems, p. 105. . Fasheons Frederic gars herfykc. Ramsay''s Poems, ii. 435. 2. To move from one place to another in an in- constant and apparently indeterminate manner. The Bee now seiks !iis byke ; Quhils stinging, quhils flinging, From hole to hole did fyke. Buret's Pilgr. Watson's Coll. ii. 26. 3. To be at trouble about any thins^, S. ; srnca. fash. F V L Sibb. rifirs to Teut. fck-en, fricare. But it ex. sell)- corrt-spoiids to 1>1. fyk-a, Su.(i. fik-./t, citato fiirsu fiTfi, ciirsiUrc ; Jiack-a, liuiic illuc va^ari. Tliis word Ihrc views as forn.uJ from I.-.I. fmk-u. to to bi- carried or driven by liie wiiul. A. 15or. ftck, to walk about in perple\ily, scenis originally 'he same word; ixhu Jkk, id., *' to struegle or tight with the lei;s, as a cow in ihe tie, or a child in the eradie." (;i. Grose. To FiKE, Feik, v. a. 1. To give trouble, to vex, to perplex. This M'ill fie him, S., this will v,ive him pain. 2. To do any thing in a diligent but piddling way, .S., used as a v, a. " You flik it away, like old wives bakin;;,'' ProT. " Hustle at it, — spoken when people do a thinn in haste," Kelly, p. 37!». Uut the phrase ex- cludes the idea conveyed by both words. It denotes a dili;;ent but lardy process. I'livE, FvKE, J. ]. The agitation caused by any thing Avjjich, though trifling in itself, costs a good deal of trouble ; bustle about what is trif- ling ; S. O sic ajilr and sic a fistic I had about it ! That e'er was kni^'ht of the Scots thistle Sae fain, I doubted. Hamil/on, Ramsay'.t Poems, ii. 33"2. C. Restlessness, from whatever cause, whether pain or pleasure, S. The term is often used in this sense ia pi. " Ye have gotten the /(A"c.« in your [bottom], or a waft clew." Ramsay's S. Prov. |). 82. A Driton free fliinks as he likes. And as liis fancy takes thefykes, May preach or print his notions. llamsaj/''s Poems, i. 362. Su.G. fykl, studium. V. Ff.yk. FtKiE, (uij. Troublesome ; especially as requir- ing minute attention. It is applied, indeed, to persons as well as things, S. FTKEFACKS, J. /)/. l. Minute pieces of work that cause a considerable degree of trouble to the agent, those especially which are occasioned by the troublesome humour of another, S. C. Little troublesome peculiarities of temper, S. Teut. Jickfack.cn, agitare, factitare, Jickfackcr, .irdelio, a busy body. In Lower Germany, ac- cording to ihre, f.chfack.en signifies to bo engaged ill Irillcs. The repititiou seems to denote frequent reiteration in the same course, as well as perhaps its insignilicance. The first syllabble which con- tains the root, seems to claim the same origin with i'V.Vc. FILCHANS, J. />/. Bundles of rags patched or fastened together ; the attire of a travelling mendicant, Ang. To FYLE, FiLi., V. a. l. To dirty, to foul, to detilv, S. Quiut hard mischance y?//< so thy pleasand face ? . Dou^. t'iigil, 48. 29. J. To infect, to difTuse contagion. '• Gif thair v^er ony persounis, that had na gudis F I L to find thame self, put furth of ony towne, thay of the towne sould find thamc, & not lat thame pas away fra the i)lace, that thay war depute to remane, to fy/c the coiintrie about thamc ? Acts Ja. U. 144ii. c. 63. Kdit. 1.5fj(i. This act is entitled, The Rcii/cfor the l\:ti!tncc. 3. To sully ; used in a moral sense. Is that trew luf, gude faith and fume iofi/lc ? Doug. Virgil, Prol. 'J5. 12. " It is a nasty bird that^Ves its ain nest." Ram- say's S. Prov. p. 4 I. It is used by Sli.ikspeare. For Banquo's issue hayc \Jil'd my mind. Macbeth. 4. To calumniate, to accuse ; a forensic term. " Kive toke Lira fled, brouht him agcync to toun, The courto opon him sat, the ciuestfylcd him & scheni. For trespas of that, he toke jugement. i. c. The inquest found him guilty. A. S. af^l-an, ge-Jijl-an, conlaminare, pollucrc ; Alem. hc--ccl-(tn, Teut. viitjl-cn inquinarc ; MoesG. futs, foetidus, Su.G./u/, deforrais, O. Goth. _/^//'- tkiii, sordas. FYLE, s. A fowl. Fane wald I wit, quoth thefyle, or I furth fure, Quha is fader of all foule, pastour and Paip ? Hou/ate, i. 7. MS. Thelloulafe is the speaker. A. 'i.fiigeL h\.fug/, id. U and V are frequently interchanged in the Goth, dialects. The Su.G. term fogcl is often used metaph. A man of a bad character is called en Jul fogel, literally, " a foul fowl". By a similar metaph. when we speak of one who is descended of a wick- ed race, we call him " a hawk of an ill nest," S. FILIBEG, PniLiBEG, Feil-beg, s. Apiece of dress worn by men, in the Highlands, instead of breeches, S. " The fcil.beg, i. e. little plaid, also called kelfy is a sort of short petticoat reaching only to the knees, and is a modern substitute for the lower part of the ('laid, beins; found to be less cumber- some, especially in time of action, when the High- landers used to turk their bicchcan into their gir. die." Pennant's Tour in Scot. A. 1769, p. 210. F I L " Upon the road to Port-ree, Prince Charles changed his dress, and put on man's clothes again, a tartan short coat and waisteoaf, with philibeg, and short hose, a plaid and a wig, and bonnet." Bos. well's Journ. p. '222. Were it not that llardyng has far more ill na'urc, than genuine hmiioiir, when he makes any retrrenco to the Scottish nation, we might suppose that, in (he following curious passage, he rather meant to allude to the sansculotte dress a>cnbi-d to our an. cestors, than to assert what he considered as his. torically true. This stone was called the resile of Scotland On V, hich theScottish kynge;- wer bi ccthelesse set, At their coronement, as 1 can understande. For holynes of it, so did they of debte. All their kynges upon this stone was sette, Unto the (yrne Kyng Kdward with long shankes Drought it a way (again theScottes untliankes : At Westmonestery it ofl'red to Saiucle Ed- warde. Where it is kept, and conserued. To tyme that kyngcs of Knglande afterward Should coroned be, under fheir/e/e obserucd ; To this entent kept and resenicd, In remembrance of kynges of Scottes ahraye, Subiectes should bo to kynges of Knglaiid ay ! The stanza immedia'ely following, ahhough on a diflerent subject, deserves to be transcribed, as af. fording a cnrioiis proof of his irresistable proiiensity to turn every thing to the support of (he supremacy he afcribed to the i'jiglish crown. This seems in- deed, to have been the great obj.ct of his life. Also afore the filte Kyngc Henryes dayc, Their siluer coigne was, as it ought to be ; The Kynges face lake on syde aiwaye, To his soueraine Icrile of l-lnglande, as I see. Whiche to been hetherward of egalitee Unto their lorde, they haue of newe presuracd To loke eiienforlh-j which would now be con- sumed. Chron. Fol. 11. a. b. Kardyng, however, had forgotten the side-facL-d coins of Canute, Edward the Confessor, Willi\im the Conqueror, and other kings of England : nor did he observe, that in this instance, his zeal hurried him into an argument, that miglit with no less force beturnfd against himstlf. But it is fully as strong as the most of these (hat he produces in this contro. versy. Gael, fdlsadh-fics; from Jilieadh, a fold, plr.if, or cloth, and btg little. One niinht, however, bring as natural an etymon from the Goth. Isl. jUa, a light garment, Jtvidensa, levis vestis, and beig-ii, incnrvo, fleto, arcno ; q. to surround one's self ■with a light garment, to wind it round one : that kcU which Penn. men'ions as if Gael., or rather kill, is Goth, will, in the proper place, appear unqutsfiontible. FILL, s. Full. Quhen thay of youth ressavit had (he fill, Yit in thaire oge lakkit thame no gudt; will. King'' Qurtir, iii. 1 1. Sw. fi/l'e, id. ; fy!!-ii) A. S. ftjU-an^ iHiplere. FILLAi", Fiu-ET, .', F I N Eneas samyn wille his Troyane menye Dyd of perpetuall oxin JiUati.s ete. T'n . • T. . Doug. Virgil, 247. 9. Fillet in E. .s " the fleshy part of the thigh." In is. it denotes the Hank, both in man and beast. t r.Jitct, the fleshy part along the back bone ; Sw. fyld, Si-ren. flLLER, s. The only term used for a funnel for pouring liquids, S. Sir J. Sinclair's Observ- P- m. FILLOK, Filly, s. Properly a joung mare ; but used metapli. 1. For a giddy young woman. The7?^/oc^ hir deformyt fax wald haue ane far? face. To mak hir maikles of hir man at mysler mvs. chciuis. Doug. Virgil, 238. a. 39. — Lat fiUok ga fling her iill. Baii/iafjine Poems, 201. st. 2. 2. Fillj as distinguished fromflloci, is used by Scott in the poem last quoted, for a frothv young man. And let her fallow ane///y fair. Bamuitijne Puems, 205. st. 4. C. R. guilog, eqna, Lhuyd. According to Bul- l*"') ff'^'l'Jg IS a colt or foal, and also denotes u woman of a wicked life. Ik deduces it from Jleb. WjVb. pilgesh a concubine, referred to ibfl, palag, divisit, as its root. Thi« lleb. word is retuimd, in- deed, both in Gr. vxX>,ux^, and Lat. pellet. It may be observed, however, that Su.G.^o// signi- fies lascivus, /jo«-«, lascivire, Ihre, vo. Fule ; and ^'i^- fylgc konc, coiiciibiiia. J'7//y is originally no- thing but the feminine of /ju/. h). fil, Sw. fwl, pulhis, equinus ; fem. focijiu V. Linn. Faun. Suec! FILSCH, flc^'. Empty, faint, hungry,. Loth. FILSCH, J-. A general designation for any kind of weeds or grass covering the ground, especi- ally when under crop, S. B. This is probabjy to be referred to Su.G. f-l-a, fial-a, to cover ; whence fell, a covering of any V\nA, fiaehtcr, locus occuitus, fyl kni, occullaiio. FiLScHY, adj. A sheaf of corn is said to be filschy., when swelled up with weeds or mfiinl grass. In the same sense, the phrase, filched up, is also used, S. B. FIN, s. " Humour, temperament," Shirr. Gl. ToFlND, «». «. 1. To feel. The smith's wife her black deary sought, And/a«a'him skin and birn. R'Mnsafs Poems, i. 276. " 7 am much hurt, find zchcre it pains me." Sir. John Sinclair's Observ. p. 84. 2. To grope, to grubble, S. In S. indeed, feil is u.sed in the sense ot find, and vice vcr^a. Sw. hefinn-a has a similar acceptation. Ili/ru befcnnen i eder? J'ow do you feel yourself.'' Isl. dilfinning., tactus, G. Andr. vo. Finna, p. 70. FINDY, adj. Expl. " Solid, full, substantial." " A wet May and a windy, makes a full barn and a.f/ulj/." S. Prov. Kelly, p. 51. Perhaps from the t, fnd, as signifying to sup- port. FIN KIN'DLE, /. Any thing found; also the act of linding, S. B. A. S. fi/ndele, adinvcndo. FINDSYlY, atlj. Expl. " apt to be finding.'^| " A fimlsi(y bairn gars his dady be hang'd ;" S. Prov. " spoken to children when they say that they found a thing which we suspect to be picked." Kelly, p. 30. IVrhaps from .\. S. fiiul-an, and saclig, ldi\, q. one who is happy or fortunate in finding. To FINE, Fine, v. n. To make an end, to give over. Eftyr swnc thai passyd sync, And held to Duranic, or thai waXifyne. n'ljntoun, viii. 40. 110. Fr. fin-ir, La.t.fin.ire. FINGER.I N, s. Worsted spun of combed wool, on the small wheel ; as distinguished from vhcelin, which is worsted spun on the large wheel, from wool not combed, but merely carded, S. FiNGROMS, !. pi. A kind of woollen cloth made in .\berdcenshire, denominated as would seem, from the quality of the worsted of which it is wrought. " 111 the beginning of this century, the woollen nianiifacturics of Aberdeenshire were chiefly coarse slight cloths, called plaidcns and fingroms, which were sold from 5d to Sd per ell." Statist. Ace. ( Abcrd.) xix. 203. V. preceding word, from which it seems corr. FYNYST, part. pa. Limited, bounded. Hale he is all quharc, not dcnidit, na.ft/ni/st; Without all tiling he is, and nocht e>cludit. Doug. Viigit, Prol. 310. 13. hat. fniiiis. FYNKLE, s. Not periwinkle, as Mr Pink. conjectures, but fennel. The fjjnklc fadit in ourc grenc herbcrc. Bali. Pink. S. P. R. iii. 127. A. S. fi/ncl, Germ, fciichcl, Bclg renckcl, Alein. finachol, Lincolns. fenkd ; all from hat. focnkul. Hill, id. Finhil is the term still used, Moray. FINNACK, FiNNoc, Finker, A white trout, a variety of the Salmo fario, S. B. Finnacs arc a species of lish in colour and shape like a salmon. They weigh from 2lb to 41b. White 'routs are of a less size, but of a whiter colour. They are supposed to be two sjierips of sea trouts." I'. IJiriiie, F,l;;in, Statist. Ace. ix. lUfi. N. " In those rivers, and in some of the lakes, there arc salmon, Jtiiniirki, white, black, and yellow trouts. — July, August, September, for white trouts and finnaci^. — Xovomlier for char, — and April for vellow trouts." P. Kilmalic, Inverness. Statist. .\ec. viii. 410. 411. If is written Phiniikk, Ibid. vi. 3. : and Phiiioc by Pennant. "The whilint! and the Jliincr, or finnoc, have been supposed by many to be young salmon. This is, however, not the case ; for although they are unquestionably of the same genus, yet they are ob- ♦ i'r.ihlydistiiir f v.irielii.-'. — Viniicn, oTjinuocf, which F I P usually abound in every salmon rirer, have fins of a yellow colour. — Finncrs weigh from one to four pounds, according to their age, and to the quality of the water in which they were bred ; but they always retain the distinctive mark of yellow fins, as well as particular spots greatly different from those on salmon." J. Mackenzie, Prize Essays High- land Society of S. ii. 377. 378. Dr Shaw, in his General Zoology, gives the Phi. noc of Scotland, as a distinct species, by the name of , Salmo Phinoc, or Whiting salmon. It is asserted, that the fiy of this fish have never been seen by the most experienced anglers or salmon-fishers. The name Jinnoc might seem to originate from Gael, feannog, which, according to Shaw, signifies a whiting. Hut as /inner is synon., I suppose that it has been given from the peculiar colour of the fins. FINNER, s. A species of whale that makes its appearance on the coasts of Shetland. " Large lean whales are sometimes stranded in the creeks and sometimes chased ashore by boats. These commonly measure from 60 to 90 feet in length and are denominated Jinncrs.'''' P. Unst, Statist. Ace. V. 190. This seems to be the Balaena Physalus of Linn. Fin Jish, Marten's Spitzberg. V. Pennant's Zool. iii. 41. FINNIE, X. A salmon not a year old. S. B. FINNIN, s. A fiend, a devil, Ang. The name of the Finnin^s den is still given to a place between Forfar and Dundee, according to the account given by Pitscottie, and the tradition of the country, once the residence of canibals. " About this time there was apprehended and taken, for a most abominable and cruel abuse, a brigand, who haunted, and dwelt, with his whole family and household, out of all men's company, in a place of Angus, called the Fiend's Den. Hist. Scotl. p. 65. This name, given by the people of the country, might be viewed as a mere corr., were there not a striking analogy between the term Jinnin and SuG. fanen, anc. fianden, fandcn., cacodaemon, of the same origin with^CHf/. V. Fanen, Ihre. FINNISON, s. Anxious expectation, earnest desire. Fifes. Teut. vinnigh, acer, veheraens j sordide avarus ; Kilian. To FIPPIL, v. It. To whimper, to whine, to act in an unmanly manner. He /ij}pilit lyk anc faderles fole ; ' And be still, my sweit thing. ' Be the halyrud of Peblis, ' I may nocht rest for greting.' Pclilis to the Play, st. 25. This m.iy be allied to Isl. fjl, a noted fool, ex- trenic stultus homo, G. Andr. fjia, infatuare. But V'. Faiple, which is undoubtedly from the same ori- gin. FIPPILIS, Maitland Poems, p. 49. And (luhfn the smy on me smirks with his sraaick smolat. F I R III.' fiptllis lyk ane farsy aver, that flyrit on a gil. lot. Corr. from edit. 1508. It seems doubtful whether the word may admit of the meaning here which is mentioned above. Per. haps it denotes a whiilliiig sort of motion ; as allied to ls\. fijla, ad stuprum allicerc, or Jipla, attrecta- re, libidinose tangcre. FIR, adv. Far. Thair speris in splendris sprent, On sclieldis schoniit and scheut, Evin our thair hedis went In feild ;fc away. Gatcan and Gol. ii. 24. Corr. from edit. 1508. A.'>. fyrr, \i\. Jir,Ji(ir, Sii-G./frTr, id. To FIRE, v. a. To bake bread, whether in an oven or by toasting, S. " Tho dough is then rolled thin, and cut into small scones, which, when fired., are handed round the company." Rev. J. Nicol's Poems, i. 28. N. Teut. vier-en, incendire. TYKEFANGIT, part. fa. l. Laid hold of by fire. This Chorineus als fast Ruschit on his fa, thus ^re fangit and vnsaucht. Doug. Virgil., 419. 21. Scott describing the cruelties of Pojiery. says ; And quha eit flesch on Fridayis -wnsj^/refangif. Baimutyne Poems, p. 190. st. 10. V. Note, p. 309. 310. Cheese is said to be fiefaiigit, when it is swelled and cracked, and has received a jieculiar taste, in consequence of being exposed to much heat before it has been dried, S. Fire-fungcd, firebitten, A. Bor. FIREFLAUCHT, Fvirslaucht, s. Lightning, a flash of lire, S. A. Bor. It is " also termed sle%v-fire," Gl. Compl. S. Erth the first modcr maid ane tokin of wo. And eik of wedlok the promiba Juno, And of thare cupiing wittering schews (he are, The fiamb of fyrejiaucht lighting here and tharc. Doug. Virgil. 105. 41. " Thc/^/r slaucht ril consume (he vyne vitht in ane pipe in ane depe caue, & the pipe vil resaue na skaytht." Compl. S. p. 93. Fi/rejlancht, is evidently from Su.G. fyr, Teut. vier, ignis, and vlack-eti, spargere flammam ; vib- rare instar flammae ; coruscare. Perhaps Su.G. Jlack-a, Isl. JIak-a, circumcursitarc, Jieck-ta moti- tare, are allied. Fj)irslaucht is from Teut. vicrsla- en, escudere, sive excutere ignem, raperc in fomile flammam ; Kilian. i'ser-slagk seems to have the same origin, ferri scoria ; q. the sparks which fly from hot iron when it is struck. By a similar com. bination it is called in A.S. legeth-tlacht, from leget, fulgur, and slacht, slaege, percussio, ictus j also thunres .ducge, fulminis ictus. h'YmT, pret.v. '• Otheris kcst thair ankeris to eschew (he crag. gis, nochtheles be stormy wallis (hay fyrit thair takillis." Bellend. Cron. B. iv. c. 14. "lllis rc:>ul. tis (per saevientcs undas), Boeth. Perhaps it signifies, dragged, from Isl. faer-a, diicere. FIRLOT, Fyrlot, Furlet, s. A corn mea- sure in S., the fourth part of a boll. r I 11 " Thay ordauit tlie boll to met victuall with, (o bcdeuidit in foure par(i,s, vidclicef, iowe ft/rtottis to contcne a boll, and that fyrlot not to'be maid efter the first mesoure, na efter the mosoure now vsit, bot in middill mesoure betuix the twaj' Acts Ja. I. 1626, c. 80. Edit. 1566. — Ane furme, a.nc furlet, ane pott, ane pek. ]>aiinafjjna Poems, p. 159. Skinner derives it from A. 8. feou:er^ quatuor, and lot, hlot, portio, q. the fourth part. Teut. viertel. FIRNE, adj. V. next word. FIRRON, Farren, adj. Of or belonging to the fir, or the pine tree. The Jirron closouris opnys, but noyis or dyn, And Grekis hid the hors coist within, Patent war made. Doug. Virgil, 47. 34. Su.G. fare, Teut. vueren, G(-rm. fork en, fiier en, abies. Many, we are informed by Ihre, think (hat this tree has received i(s name from the circum- s.'ance of its so easily catching /f;e, because of the great quanti(y of resin it contains. FIRTH, J. 1. An estuary, S., /ritb,^. " Fifte is diuidit fra Louthiane be the reueir of Forth, quhilk ryniiis with ane bia\d Jirth in tlie Almane scls." Bellond. Dcscr. Alb. c. 9. 2. Douglas uses it to denote a mere bay. Thair standi^ in(o the sicht of Troy an ije Weleknawin be name, hcchtTenedos umquhilc, - — Now is it bo( a.x)i}Jirt}i in the sey flude : Ane radc vnsikkir for schip and ballingere. Doug. Virgil, 39. 21. Sinus, Virg. Su.G. fiaerd, li\.^ord-r. Some have derived the word, by transposi(ion from La.t.fref-um, id. But it is not likely that this Lat. term would penetrate into the recesses of the North. Fretum itself may with more probability be viewed as originally Gothic. Others derive it from Moes.G. /«;■-«;;, navigare, as it properly denotes water that is navigable. G. Andr. refers it to Isl. Jiara, litus, item, maris re- fluxus, et ejus locus ; pi. ferder. Mr Macphcrson renders Firth of Forth, frith of the icood, adding that it is " translated by the Is. landic writers Mirkmifiord." But this, it would seem, rather signitics the dark firth. FIRTH, Fyrth, s. a sheltered place, whether arable, or used for pasture ; an inclosure ; a plain. Ski^iner, Ritson, and Macpherson, render it wood. But, as Sibb. has observed, it is opposed to wood. He had both hallys and bourys, Fri/thes, fayr forests wyth flowrys. — By forest, and hy frjjthe. — Rom. of Emare. Mr Pink, renders it field; Sibb. " an arable farm ; extensive cultivated fields, or perhaps any secure place of residence or possession within a wood." Camden seems to give the sense pretty nearly, when he calls it " a plain amidst woods." Remains, p. 145. Phillips gives a Similar definition. This word is frequently used by our old writers, as well as by those of E. It is connected w'lih fo^esty fell; a.uA f aid, 3 G F I S He filth and forrcst fiirtli they found. PeOlis to the Plut/, si. 1 . Ill (his connexion it si-ems to Jenotc a plain or jmsiiirc lami, as distinguished from that which is uoody or u ild. The king faris with his folk, our Jir/his am\fcllis. (i(iz:an and Gul. i. 3. Ff/7/i and/.'// may be eqnivalriit to d.ilu and hii), plain and inunnlain. Gryt court hori puis nic fra the staw, To fang tiie fo^' Wfulhc and /(// ill stocke, fro whence it came It ^auouretll cuer, anil it nolhyne to blame; I'or of his rote, from whence he dolh out spryng, He must cuer last, and sauoiir in eatyug. Oiroii. Fol. 1>7. b. ch. 93. It is by no means a natural idt-a, that the same word is used to signify an arm of the sea, as if it were '• ificl:! o( !C(i/er, a latinism." Maitl. P. Note, p. 413. Mr Maipherson refers to Gael, fn't/i, " a wild mountainous place, a forest," Shaw. The su[)- posilion made by Sibb., that " it seems to be mere- ly a variation of the 0. K. or Sax. worth, pracdiuni, fundus," is far more probable. A. S. zceorthig, is rcndiri'd ])raedium, " a farme, a court.yard;" and uorlhi^c, " a croft, a small field, or piece of ground adjiiiuinij to a farnu'-Iiouse ;" Somner. But I shall hazard another conjecture. Firth is very similar in siguifiration to Girth, q. V. In A. S. wc find the compound word Jirlh- ^fn;vi denoting an asylum, although there is no evi. deuce that ^r/h by itself signified an inclosure. Firth, in this composition, is on the contrary under- stood as denoting peace. But in the Ostronothic \...\v,H JriJi^idcrdi signifies that fence by which ani- mals are defended ; sepimentum quod auimalia arcet. Fridgiardc skul izurda til Miirtiiimaesfu um aker, ok mil (ins; til Micliiahmcssu; An inclosure should be kept around fields till Martinmas, and around mea- dows till Michaclmass ; Leg. Dstg. Ihre, to. Frid. Frjjodi;iiird, in the Laws of the Wcstrogoths, de- notes a pasture common to dilfereiit villages, inclosed by the same fence. The immediate origin is Jrid-a, tucri, which Ihre derives from ./;/(/, libcrtas. Our Jirlh, or I'rilh, seems to be the f)oth.//7(4r/a/-c/ with- out the last part of the word. It is highly probable, indei^d, that A. '>. frilhi^vard originally had the same meaning with the Su.Ci'. term ; as derived, not from frith, pax, which Tnuits its signification to a sanctu- ary, but from ///V/i-/«n, tueri, protegere, denoting ppolcclion, or shelter, of whalrver kind, 'i "o FIS.SLE, V. n. To wake a slight continued nois-.- ; sncli as that occasioned by the motion of n mouse, S. The E, word rustle is the term most consonant in that language. = ' Kx souo," according to Sibb. But it 5»cms (he F I T same with Teut. futiel-en, agitare, factilare, attree. tare; nugari. Ifi'nee /«/.\f/er, frivolarius; Kilian. A.S. fi/s.an, fcstinare; 'iu.G. fos-a, agitare; Isl. fijs-esi, concu))iscere,/y.vf , deiiderium,/u«, cupidus ; fus^l.a, to carry off by t,'uile and clandestine arts, in whicli clererness of liand is requisite. The general origin is fus, citus, promptus. Another etymon may however bo preferred by some. As the term denotes the sound of slight motion, it might seem al- lied to Germ, faokin, any light body, as a little wool, stubble, cliaii, &c. Wachter derives it from Isl. f.<, chart, a dry leaf; and it must be acknow- ledged, that/;(sj7c see:ns primarily to respect the mo- tion of leaves. FiSaLE, FiSTLE, 1, Bustle, fuss, S. The oddest fike andyf^^/e that e'er was seen, Vi'as by the initlier and the grannies ta'en. TloiA's- Udenurc, p. 13. V. Fike, s. FIT, s. Foot, S. O think that eild, wi' -KyU' fit, Is wearing nearer bit by bit. Fcrgiisson'.s I'oems, ii. 107. First-fit, s. The name given, in the calen- dar of superstition, to the person who Jim en- ters a house, on any day which is particularly regarded as influencing the fate of a lamily, S. Ere ne:s yeur'n morn begin io peep, Wr glee, but little din. At doors, t!ic lassos sentric keep, To let iXv^frst-ft in. Rev. J. Nicol's Poems, i. 33. " It is supposed that the welfare and prosperity of every famil}-, especially the fair part of it, depend very much upon the character of the person wlio is Jint admitted into the house, on the beginning of the now year. Jfencu every suspected person is careful- ly excluded ; and the lasses generally engage, before- hand, some favoured youth, who willingly comes, happy in being honoured with that signal mark of female distineiion." IbiJ. N. Fitty, Futty, a((/. " Expeditious ;" Gl. Sibb. FroniT?? the S. pronunciation o{ foot, pes; as Su.Q.fota sig, niti, insistere, fromyb; ,• Germ, fuss-en, irom fust, id. Fittie-lan', s. " The nearer horse of the hind- most pair in the plough," S. <\. foot the land. Thou was a noble^V^^'c Imi' , As e'er in tug or tow was drawn ! Uiirns, iii. 1-13. The fore-horse on the left hand, in the plough," is called /jct/u/-r{forc ,- the hindmost on the left hand, the hand-aliiii ; the same on the right hand, the fur - ahin." Ibid. iv. 373. 374. Fitting, s. Footing, S. " Fight against iniquitie, as against a foraine ene- my at the borders of your heart, enen at the first landing, before it c^ctftdng in fast and stable ground." Z. lioyd's Last Battell, p. 987. FiTTiNiNMENT, s. Concern, footing in, S. B. Bat why a thief, like Sisyphus, That's niddfr'd sae in hell, Sud here t3.k fllininmcnt Is mair na 1 can tell. Poems in the liuchan Dialect, p. 4. F I Z To Fitter, v. a. To injure any thing by fre- quent treading, S. It is also used in a neut. sense, as signifying to make a noise with the feet, such especially as is occasioned by quick reiterated motion ; S. Belg. vottce7:en, to foot it; Sowcl. Ilcnce, FlTTERl^f, s. The noise made by frequent and rapid motion of the feet, S. To FITCH, V. 11. To move, by slow succusa- tions, from one place to another, S. As this word is neaxly allied, botli in form and meaning to E. fidge^ it has probably had (he same origin; perhaps Su.G ._/!':. a or_/fatfcA-a, circumcur- silare. FITHOWE, FiTHAWE, s. A polecat. " That iia mau haue inertrik skuinis fiirfh of the rcahiif, and gif he dois, that he pay to (he King II. s. for llie custiime of ilk skin, and for s. Fow- luarlis skinnis called FithouU .\. d." Acts Ja. I. L-4^24. c. 'i4. edit. 156G. Filhuue, Skcno. \'j. Jitchew, Ji/ihut. Belg. zihhe, FT.^fiisati, Sw. Ji^ku((u, id. (lail. Jtudchuit signifies a wild cat. Rr))ort Comm. Iliglilaad Soc. App. p. 188. N. V. FOWMAKTE. FY VESUM, adj. Five together, or in company. V. he termination Sum. FIXFAX, s. The tendon of the neck of cattle or sheep, S. A. Bor.j!>aA-u;rtAr, Norfolk; Gl. Grose. Belt;, jices., Germ. Jiachs, a tendon or sinew. FIXFAX, s. '' Hurry, the middle of any busi- ness.'' Gl. Ross. Now by this time, poor Norj's mair nor fain The truth of Bydby's nnco tale (o ken ; And just at Lindy's door came slip[iing in, When thfy are in t\n;jixj'ax of their din. /iow'o,' IJelenare, p. 82. This is probably formed, as a dui'lirafed term, from Su.Ci'. fiks, Germ. Su.G.yTjr. promptus, alacer, denoting a stafe of action or bustle, froni^ifA--a, cita- to ciir>ii ferri ; whence _fi.ki iitidium. Perhaps, it is merely Fikefiicks, q. t. somewhat varied in SL'nse and proininciation. To FIZZ, v. n. To make a hissing noise ; as hot iron when put into water, or, as a bottle of brisk beer when the cork, is drawn, S. O rare! (o see theejfcj and freath I' th' lugget caup. Biirn^, iii. 15. lt.\.fys.f;, flare, efflaro, siifflare ; fj/x, flatus. May we noi view as cognale terms, Gr. ipi;/<■,'/«, veiKoanilan ; ViTi'l. "Shaw rondiTs(;ael.y/«(V/«-, " a suddfii blast or gust of wind." Not liiidiim any similar word in C. U. or hi Ir. i-\cc\AJIiiiih, wet, a.ndjliiiili-a»i, to wet, I suspect that this has been borrowed from the (ioth. FLAG, s. A flash of lightning. Dyni skyis oft fnrth warpit fereful leuin, Flagyls of fyrc, and mony felloun llaw, Scharp soppis of sleit, and of the sny ppand snaw. Doug, yirgil, 200. 54. Iludd. and Sibb. both appear to view this as the same with the last word. The Belg. phrase, cen dondcr vluug, a storm of thunder, would seem to support this idea. But I consider it as dift'erent, finding that Teut. vlack-en signifies, to flash as light- ning, spargere ilammas, vibrare instar llaramac, co- rnscare : Belg. vletig, a blaze, a (lash. FL.AGGIS, s. pi. " Flanks," Lord Hailes. Sic fartingaillis on Jtagi;is als fatt as quhailis, Fattit lyk fiilis with liattis that littil availis. Dunhar, Bunnali/nc Poems, p. 44. st. 15. Fancy might trace a connexion with Gr. Aaywn, Aeolicc ^hxymii, ilia. But as there is no other in- stance of JIdg being used in this sense, and nothing to sujiport it in any kindred language, it may pro- bably be viewed as a designation for the wearers, re- specting their unwcildy size ; hl.Jlagd, faemina gi- gantea. FLAYIS. Men hard noucht bot granys, and dyatis That^/c;; fyr, as men Jitti/is on llyntis. Barbour, xiii. 30. Pink. edit. Mr I'ink. renders Jlayis, flies. But sleui and alaijis are the words in MS. V. Slay, v. FLAIK, Flake, Flate, /. i. A hurdle. Willi ord and stayne thai fiHit dykis fast; yiaikis thai laid on temyr lang and wkht; A rowme passage to the waliis thaim dycht. Wallace, vii. 98 1. MS. " It had na out passage, bot at ane part quhilk was maid be thaym with^nMz's schcrcttis and treis." UclUnd. Cron. Fol. 38. b. Sum of Kncas feris bescly Flnlix to plet thaym preissis by and by, And of smal wikkeris for to bcild vp ane here. Doug. I'lrgil, 362. 5. e. In \i\. it is used to denote temporary folds or pens, sheep-JliiktS. 'I'hey have been thus denominated, because pro- ferly made of rods wattled together, so as to resem- ble hurdle.;, S. although also sometimes made of spars. '* In our awin conntrie here, when our shepheards flit their tlockis, they flit (heir Jlnikis." Bruce's Eleven Serni. II. 5. a. •' There are some cart and cartwheel wrights, w ith some carpenters for making /lakes or piling for folding cattle in Summer, and inclosing fields." P. Ball.TSj Fljjin, Statist. Ace. iv. K)'J. FLA Fris. vlacck, synon. with horde, Tout, vlechtc^ crates, gerrae ; Su.G. y/ate, \f,\. Jleke, Jlack, id. " For those who defend castles, it is proper, at giora Jeka iiiek y/irrtim eii.-vondum, crates viminibus quer. cinis conlextds, to make flakes with aikzan/ids." Spccul. Regal, p. 415. 410. O. E.Jeak. Hire de. rives the irrm from Siu.Ci. Jlaet.a, nectere, because liurdles are plaited. Teut. vlechtc, from vlecht-cn, nectere, contexerc, mors clearly illustrates the con. nexion ; especially as Doug, uses not only fake, but fate. The origin of the term is nearly ex. pressed both by Virg. and by his translator. Crates — texunt. Flutis to plet. In O. E.feke occurs as a v., signifying to bend, to bow, Gl. Hearne ; or rather to cover with hurdles. Botes he toke & barges, the sides togidere knytte, — Thei_;?ei-erf tham ouerthuert, justely forto ligge, Ouer the water smerte was so ordeynd a brigge. R. Brunne, p. 241; FLAIN, Plane, s. An arrow. Into the chace oft wald scho turne agane. And flcand with hir bow schute mony am fane. Doug. Firgi/, 387. 52. The ganyeis and thefatjj/s Hew. Ibid. 301. 48. A. S. fane, sagitta, faene, framea, hasta ; Isl. fleinn, hasta, aculeus. A. S.^a also signifies an ar. row, a dart. FLAIR, s. The skate, a fish. " Raia levis, the Skate or Flair." Sibb. Fife, p. 119. To FLAIRY, V. a. To cajole, to flatter. V. Flare, v. FLAYT, pret. Scolded. V. Flyte, v. To FLAM, V. n. To fly out and in ; used with respect to any cutaneous eruption, when incon- stant as to its appearance, S. B. V. Flem. To FLAME, Flamm, ii. a. Not, as Mr Pink, supposes, to singe ; but to baste roasted meat, while it is before the fire, by dripping butter on it, S. Scho thrangis on fat capouns on the speit ; — And bade hir madin, in all haste scho may, To fame, and turne, and rost thame tendyrlie. Dunbar, Maitlund Poems, p. 70. It occurs in a coarse, but emphatic Prov. " Every man f am mis the fat sow's arse." i. e. " They will be sure to get most gifts that least want them ;" Kelly, p. 93. Fr. famh-cr, id., a secondary sense of the v, signifying to tianie, as this operation makes the meat to blaze. V. Diet. Trev. FLAN, Flann, s. A sudden blast, a gust of wind, S. This term is generally applied to those gusts which come from the land ; especially from high grounds in the vicinity of the sea, or from a defile between them. "• Also tho' the wind be not so strong, there will come fiinns and blasts oli the land, as to their sw ift- ness and snrprisal soiiieihing like to hurricanes, T*hich be-ating with a great impetus or farce upon FLA their sails, overturns the boat, and in a moment hur. ries them into i-ti'niity. By such ufan the Laird of Munas, a Gentleman in this country, is said to have perished the former year 1699, when within sight of his own house." Brand's Descr. Shetland, p. 81. Is!. Jlan-a. V. next word. Flennings drifa, nimbus niviuni. V. Flaw. PLANE, s. An arrow. V. Flaik. To PLANTER, l. To waver, to be in some degree delirious ; used concerning persons un- der affliction, when the bodily disease affects the mind, Ang. 2. To waver, to flinch, to faulter in evidence or narration ; as when one seems disposed to equi- vocate or prevaricate. Ang. Isl. Jlan-a, to be carried away with precipitation, praeccps fcror, incerfus ruo ; jlan, praecipitantia in eundo ; ,/lane, erronens, iraportunus et praeccps fa- tuus. G. Andr. p. 71. To FLARE, v. a. To cajole, to coax, Loth. ; Jlahy, Fife, id. ls\. Jlaai\ crafty, Jlacrd, gm\e, flarad-r, false; Jiar.a, to deceive; Su.G.y/r/tvt/, guile, A. ^.Jiacrd, nugae. Flare, x. Flattering language, Loth. V. the v. FLASH, s. A depository for timber; a term used in Leith. Kilian gives vluesch as an O. Teut. word synon. v<\t\\ bosdi, a wood, a grove, a forest. This term, imported by mariners, may have been metaph. transferred to the place where timber was erected ; from its quantity, q. a factitious wood. To FLAST, V. n. To boast, to gasconade, S. This may be allied to Su.G.y/flc-r/, anhelarc, synon. with blaea-a ; as blazi) and blast are used in the same metaph. sense, S. or \s\. Jlan-a, pracceps feror, a frequentative from Jlan-a, id. Jlas, praecipitantia. To FLAT, V. a. To flatter. Quliat slicht dissait quentlie to Jiat and fcnc ? Doujo-. Virgil, 08. 2. This may be referred to Fr. flat-cr, id. ; but perhaps rather to Teut. vlaed-cn, id. or Su.G. Isl. Jlat, subdoius. Ait tula fagurt oy theinkiajlatt, belle loqui, scd subdolo cogitare. V. Ihre, vo. Ftat,jlaeder. FLAT, s. A field. This is used in a sense somewhat different from the E. word. ■ Tlie fire be felloun wyndis blast, Is driuen amyd the Jlat of cornes rank. Doug, rirgil, 49. 16. Or how fell echeris of corn thick growing, — In ane yallow coxwe jLattis of Lijdc. Ibid. 234. 27. This may be merely from Su.G. J/«/, planus. FLAT, s. Floor of a house. V. Flet, To FL.\TCH, V. a. To lay over, to fold down ; a term used by mechanics, Lotli. Su.G. J/«/, planus, or Jiaci-a, Germ. Jtecht-en, nectere. PLATE, s. A hurdle. V. Flaik. FLATLYNYS, Flatlings, adv. Flat. And he doune to the erd gan ga AU Jlat Ijjnj/s, for him faillyt mycht. Harbour, xii. 59. MS. llowbeit thay fall donnjatlingis on the flure, FLA Thay haue no strenth thair selfe to rais agane. FrATTPHT V ^J^"'f'"JJ''J^''<"-kih 1592! p. 72. fLAULHl, Flauchter, Flauchin, j. A flake; as a jiaucbt of sna-w, a flake of snow, Ang. • snow-flags, flakes of snow, A. Bor. Johnson derives jlake from Lat. Jioccus. But Teut. vlockc, a Hock or lock, would have been a pre. ferable etymon ; whence vlock-en, ningere, synon. with snecuK-en. Our terms are more closely allied to liX.flak, tomus, dissectum, Su.G. y/a^e, a frag. ment, a part broken oil" from the rest; snoq/lage.^'a. flake of snow. This Ihre derives from^rtcci-a divi. dere, partiri, which he views as allied to Heb. palach, dividit. FLAUCHT, Flaught, s. A handful, S. B. A mournful ditty to hcrsell she sung, In Jlaughtu roove out her hair, her hands she wrung. Ronx's Ilclenorc, p. 55. He's sent to you what ye lo'cd maist, Ajlaught o' his yellow hair. Jamie son's Popular Ball. i. 20. Sibb. views this as a corr. of claiight from daze. But it seems to be merely the preceding word, used in a secondary sense. FLAUCHT of land., a piece of ground, 3 croft, Ang. This may be allied to the Su.G. phrase, ettfackt land, plauities; or rather of the same origin with Flancht, 1. q. something spread out. FLAUCHTBRED, adv. 1. At full length, S. ; braidflaucht, synon. Liiidy bangs up, and flang his snood awa'. And i' the haste of running catcht a fa', Flaught-bred upon his facL^, and there he lay. Rosses Ilclenorc, p. 14. 2. With great eagerness, S. Lindy looks also butt, and Nory spies. And O my Nory, here's my Nory, cries. Flaught-brcd i\[ior\ her, butt the house he sprang. And frae her mother's oxter fiercelings wrang. Ross's Ilelcnore, p. 82. Sibb. views this as " perhaps the same with bellji- Jlaught, stretched flat on the ground." But this is not the proper sense of bclltj-Jiaught. Flaught. bred seems literally to signify, spread out in breadth, fully spread, as a hawk darts on its prey. Tlie Su.G. phrase enjlaedct oern, may throw light on it, " a spread eagle," the arms of the Fjmperor of Ger- many ; from Jlacck-a findere, jiartiri. It may sim. ply mean, spread out like a flock of wool, or flake of snow. V. Flaucht. To FLAUCHTER, v. a. To pare turf from the ground." Shirr. Gl. S. B. iia.n.Jlag-er, deglubere ; the earth being as it were Jluijed. V. Flag, 1. Flauchter-Fail, J-. " A long turf cut with a flauchter spade," Sibb. S. Flauchter-spade, s. a long two handed in- strument for casting turfs, S. V. the v. " The turf is (jroduced by setting fire to the grass and heath about the month of June, and then rais- ing the surface with what is called a Jiauchter- spade." P. Killearn, Stirling, Statist. Ace, xvi, 120. FLAW, s. 1. A blast of wind. FLA Dvm skyis oft furth wnrpit fercful Icuin, Fisggis of fyre, aud monv fillouiiy/fi.T. 'Do„g. yirf;il, 200. M. 2. It is applied to a storm of snow, Ang. '• Thu falls of snow, which generally happen in March all ovt-r Great IJritain, is [are] in this neigh, bourhooil callfd St. Caiisnan's F/atc." P. Dun- nicheu, i'lirfars. Statist. Ace. i. 422. 3. A sudden flash of fire. Stcrnys in the :i^ re fleand >Ves scne, asjiaicjfs of fyre brynnand. IVynto'i^n, \i. 1. 78. Hir rval tressis iiitlaiiihit mil at eis, lllr crowncll pidit with mony precius stane, Intirit all of birnandy/n^cj.v schane. Doug. Virgil, 207. 17. 4. Rage, passion ; used metaph. Ang. Rtuld. derives il from Lat. Jta/us. lint it is per- haps allied to Isl.y/a, mephitis; or may be origi- nally the same with F/ag, 2. tj. v. It svas used in K. in the first sense, but is marked by Johnson as o'jsoli'te. To FLAW, V. n. " To lie or fib," Gl. Ramsay. That liiakcs me biytli indued ! — but dinnay/«;c, Tell o'er your iie«s again, and sucar tsll't a'. Ramsutf's Poems, ii. 89. FLAW, /rrt. Flew, did flee. Dewy Iris throw the heuyn AVith hir sallroun v;in\ Jlit^kcrtis and Icjj harnes fute !ia!e. Dong. Virgil, '230. 25. 1 have observed no word rescmbl.m,' (his, unless wp should reckon U\. jUiA.iut, to surround, to en- viron, worlhy to be mentioned. FLAWMAND, /srj»/.;ir. Baneris rycht U^\\y flaicmund, Ai'd penselys lo the wynd wawand, S«a felo Ihnr war olF ser queii!iK<;, That it war grct slyrhr lo diuisc. iiiUt'our, \\. )92, MS, F L E Mr Pink, renders it flaming. But the sense seems to require that it should signify, flying, or dis- played ; q. from A. i.flueme,Jieme, tUght,flema, a fugitive. V. Flam,-.'.,- or Vr.flammc, a pendant, a streamer. But the origin is uncertain, FLEASOCKS, s.pL The shavings of wood. FLECH, (gutt.) ,r. A flea, S. B. A. S. flcuh, Teut. floh, Alem. vloh, id. This \Weflee, H-fly, is derived from the verb signifying to liy. FLECHYNG, s. Flattery. V. Fleiching. FLEDGEAR, s. One who makes arrows. " It is decreeted and ordained, — that there be a bower," bowmaker, " and a fledgear in ilk head town of the schire." Acts Ja. 11. 1457. c. 05. Murray ; f.cgcar, edit. 1566. c. 70. GMm.jiitsch, Jlitz, Belg.yW?, li^.flizia. Fr. fleche, an arrow. Fletchier, the Fr. derivative de- notes an archer. L. B.Jiecharius, flecker ius.Jl^chiari- ua, Sagittarius vel qui fjcit sagittas; Du Caiige. E. fletcher is used with mori; latitude than its origin ad. mits ; " a manufacturer of hows and arrows;" Johnson. FLEED, s. A head-ridge on which the plough is turned, Abcrd. Teut. vtied-cn, terga Tcrtere ? FLEE, s. A fly, S. " Ycc continuallie flit from one temptation to another, -whereon yce feede like a flee happing from scab to scab." Z. Boyd's Last Battell, p. 277. Bclg. vliege, from viieg-cn to fly, as A. S.fleoge, from fleog-ait, id. FLEEGERIE, FEEO.iRiE, j. l. A whim ; nearly of the same meaning with E. i)agary, of which it is probablj' a corruption, S. 2. In pi. toys, gewgaws, S. Ah! shou'd inewgpwn, or a Flander's lace head, Or yet a wee coatie, tho' never sae fine. Clar thee grow forgetfu'? — Rouze up thy reason, my bf-antifu' Aunic, And dinua prefer your fleegeries to me. Raia^aij's Poems, ii. 258. To FLEG, z'.. c. To allrigiu, to terrify, S. Appear in likness of a priest; No like a decl, in shape of blast. With gaping cliafts ioflcg us a'. Uamtuj/'s Poems, ii. 529. To- Fleg, 1'. n. To be afraid, to take fright, S. B This might seem allied to h>\.fletjg.a, incitarc, Verel. Ind. or flcig-ia, praecipitare, mitterc, G. Amir. As, however, A. 's.flj-oti signifies fugare, as well as volare, it may be merelyy/to^'-a/i or Isl. fliug.a, Teut. vlicgh-c/i volare, used transitively. It would seem, indeed, tha.t fleg and flei/, in all their senses, arc to be viewed as merely these verbs ■which originally denote the flight of birds, nsed obliquely. Fleg, .f. A fright, S. B ; allisd to Isl. mjriva- flog, afraid of darkness. Or has some bogle. bo, Glowrin frae 'raang auld waws, gi'^en ye ?iflcg? Ramsai/'s PocmSy li. 4. For they had gl'en him sik a/V^, F L E lie lookM as liuM been doitciL Poeiiii in the Biichan Dialect, p. S. To FLEG, ■:'. n. To fly from place to place, to flutter, Dumfr. A. S. Jleog-an, hA.Jlwg-a^ volarc. FLEG, s. Apparently, a stroke. — When he saw the traitor knight was near, — At full spci'd to claw his noddle flew ; Syn at tlie lown a IVarfulJ^t'?- let )!ee, That from his rumple shear'd away his thigh. llamiltoiVs JVaUace, p. 45. FLEGGAR, s. One who talks loosely, who magnifies in narration, who overleaps the bounds of truth, Loth. Can this have any relation to Su.G._/?/c/v-«, Germ. Jlick-en, to patch, v/hanca skqflickare, a cobbler; as in S. cobbler is metaph. used in the same sense y, lih ^e g !^ ar ; and one who fabricates stories, is said to cobble'/ Or is it q.fyer, one who flies beyond the truth ? V. Fleg, to fly. To FLEY, Flee, v. n. i. To frighten, to ter- rify, S. Fleyit, fleid, part. pa. Ciis not for to perfrubd all and sum, And with thy felloun dreddour thame iojlnj. Doug. Virgil, 370. 54. Thai war sa fAlyJteijit thar. That I trow Schjr Richard ofTClar Sail haitf na will to faynd hys mycht, In bataill na in forss to fycht. Barbour, xvi. 217. IMS. And he the Dcwil wes, (hat hym gat, And bad hyr noucht_/?t'j/(/ to be of that. IVijntoicn, vi. 18. 82. The eldest, Adam, might no man h'lmjlee. So stotit, tho' aged but eighteen was he. Ilamiltoti's IVallacc, p. 40. They are but rackless, y\ing and rasche, Suppose they think ns^eid. Cherrie and Slae, s(. 43. *' This being done, the Lords were delivered, and come a-land again, that were pledges, who were right ^ceJ ; and shew the Prince and the council, that if they had holden Captain Wood any longer, they had been both hanged." Pitscottie, p. 94. Isl. fael-ct is used in this sense, terreo. 2. To put to flight, tofiey or Jke away, S. In this senseji?e is used, O. I'. Folk inouh redy was gadrcd, to the cite Thei went egrely, & did tho kynges_/?t'. Jfi. lirunnc, p. 39. To Fley, Fly, v. n. To take fright, S. B. Nory, poor 'oman, had some farder gane. For Lindy^/^'^, and standing Avas her lane. B.oss's llelenorc, p. 23. FLEY. And fele that now of war ^xjiey Infill the lang trcw sail dey. Barbour, xix. 179. I had conjectured that this must be an error for f^ey, sly, experienced, and find that it is sley in MS. To FLEICH, Fleitch, -j. a. To flatter, to ca- jole ; properly, to endeavour to gain one's point by soothing speeches, by words or ac F L E tions expressive of great affection, S. flatch iti. A. Bor. But he with fals viorAhfcchand, Was with his twa sonnys ciimmand. Burbimr, y. 619. MS. Except ycc mend, I will not Jleich, Ycc sail end all mischeuouslie. ilpec. Golhj Ball. p. 1,1. Rudd. derives It from Fr.Jkch-tr, to soften, to prevail with, to persuade. But this is a forced meaning ; asjech-ir properly signifies to bend. Our v,-ord may be traced in a variety of forms In the, Goth, dialects. It is immediately allied to Tcuf:. Jclf-en, adulari, blandiri, assenlan, alieui ad cratiam loqui, synon. with vleyd-en, of s\\\\Q\\fets-en si>ems a deriv. Vleyd.en appears also in the form of vky. en, id. Alcni._y?,/(.f/!, adulari, also, suppliciter in. vocare; whenc fleari, adulator, 7?t/;fl/Y/. adulatores, feham, blanditiae. Wachfer views -cleydcn as the more ancient form. lA.fladra, id. Jleta.Jletc, adul- atrix, a female flatterer ; bollef,edar, to be over- come by flattery, fedil, a flatterer, also one who is inveigled by blandishments; G. Andr. p. 72. This writer views the term as primarily denoting the fawning of a dog. Fladra, adulor". Adblan.liri more canum, dum mulcent suos lieros sen homlni gra- (ulantur ; ^«rfr, adulatio canlna. Lex. p. 71. 72. Fr. fiat-er is evidently from this origin. Thus it appears that E. Jlutter and S. Jicicli are radically the same. Fleich, Fleech, s. a piece of flattery. " Fair fall you, and that's ajleech," S. Prov. ; " an ironical commendation of them, whose words and actions we approve not." Kelly, p. 105. Fleiching, Flechyng, s. Flattery, S. Part he assoj'lyd thare, That til hym mast plesand ware Be gyftis, or be othir thyngis. As qweyntis, slychtis, or Jlcchijngis. IVtjntoren, vii. 9. 222. How Camilla hir fals doun can ding, And vincust Aunus, for al his furojieiching. Doug. Firgil, 387. 35. Rubr. Fleicher, Flechour, Fleitschour, .f. a flat- terer, A-mang thame wes {nh Jlcchoicris than, That sayd, thare was na l^vand man, That Edmund wald, fra he ware dedc, Prefere til Knowt in. til hys stede. Wyntoian, vi. 17. 77. And, gif I dar the trenth declair, And nane raejleii.schour call, I can to him find a compair, And till his barnis all. Maitland Poems, p. 259. Teut.^eifse?-, adulator. V. the v. FLEYD, part. pa. AflTrighted. V. Fley, i. FLEIG, s. Flight. " The nobyllis that war coftspirit aganis hym beand aduertist of his f--ig, folio wit on him sa scharply, that he was tinaly comprehendit and slane." Bellend. Cron. B. v. c. 5. Tcut. vliegh.en, to flee. FLEYITNES, .^ Fear, affright. F L E •' The hcrrons fiaif an vyild skrfcli as tlio kyl htd bine in f>ir, quliilk gart the ([uhapis U>r jlcyit- ncs lie far fra hanit." Compl. S. p. 60. V. Fley, v. FLE Y N E . Vntofieyne. Glade is the ground tlie (endir lliiiist grene, — The «ery hiintar to fyiid his happy pray, The fulconerc rich ryuir vnlojlei/ne. Voiig. rirsil. 125. 10. Thi' seems to signify, onjlighl. V. Ri/uir. To FLF.IP, V. a. To mm inside out. V. Flype. To FLEYR, or Fleyr up, v. n. To distort the countenance, to nuke wry faces; also, to %vhinipcr, Ang. To ftir and grcit, to whim- per and cry. After they {;al him then they bound him, And brought him headlong up the street; pallet began tojlcir and greit : Biit^ere the Judges were aware. They haltered him bailh he.id and feet, And harld him hard into the barr. Truth's Travels, Pennccuik's Poems, 1715. p. 100. Ul. Jlyrc has a sense directly contrary, saopius rideo, G. Andr., possibly from a similar reason, the contraction of the muscles of the face, which this term especially expresses. The word may be from Fr. jdcur-er, Lat. pior-Qre, to cry, to whine ; although few of the terms peculiar to the North have a Lat. or Fr. origin. But must probably it has a common origin with Su.G. plir-a, oculis semi- clausis videre, as expressive of the contraction of the muscles already mentioned. To FLEIT, V. a. " To flee, to run from," Rudd. This sey that gois about mony grete land. Thou beand my gyder, enterit haue I, And eik the wylsum desert land Massylly, Quhare the schauld sandis strekis endlang the schorc ; Now, at the last, that Jlcil vs euerinore. The forthir coist of Italic haue we caucht. Doug, f'irgil, 164. 39. This respects the apparent motion of the land, to those who are at sea. Btlg. vlicd-eii, to flee. To FLEIT, Flete, -v. n. i. To flow. Nor yet thou, Tullius, quhais lii)pis sweit In reltorik did intill tCTXD\% Jieit. i. e. " did How in rhetorical language." Dunbar, Bannatunc Poems, p. 10. st. 8. 2. To float. Gif thow desyres into tlie seis to Jit it Of hevinly bliss, than me thy Lady treit. f'crtuc and I'yci:, Evergreen, i. 40. st. 18. Leander on a stormy nicht Diet Jleitand on the bilious gray. Ever'^reen, i. 110. st. 6. >».G.Jli/t.a, '\<\. Jliot.a, Teut vliet.en, jhicre, fiuitare ; Su.G. y/,/^«, nalare, \s\. egjlciic, fluere lacio. FleiUjictt, pret. lloated. The Irland folk than maid tham for the flychl, On craggis clam, and sum in wattir/r«. IVallucc, vii. 847. MS. Part drownit, part to the rochc Jleii or swam. „ .. Paiice oj' Honour, \\\. ;*. lo saji. FLE Wcs nane that cuir disport mycht liavc Fra steryng, and fra rowyng. To furthyr thaim off thanjleling. Harbour, iii. 688. MS, 4. To abound. 'J'hat glorious garth of cuery llouris iViAjleit, The lustic lilleis, the rosis redolent, Freschc hailsum frutes iudtfuient. Lt/ndsaj/'s IVarkh, 1592, p. 248. FLEYSUM, adj. Frightful, S. V. Fley, v. To FLEKKER, Flyker, -j. n. l. To flutter, S. Scho warmyt watfir, and liir serwandis fast. His body wousche, quhill tilth was of hytnpast. His hart was wicht, a.ndjli/keri/t to and fro. Wallace, ii. 267. MS. 2. To quiver, to shiver, to tremble. I saw that cruell fey nd tik thare, but dout, Thare lymmes rife and cit, as he war wod, — And the hait tlesche vnder his te'xthjlekkerand. DiAtg. Virgil, 89. 34. Doug, uses Jlychterand in the same sense. V. Flichter. Sibb. views this as the same yf'ifhjiikker to Hatter. But although they are apparently allied, we may more properly distinguish them, as Ihredocs with respect to Su.G. Jlckra adulari, and Jleehra raotitare, with which the v. under consideration is closely connected ; A. S. Jliccer-ian, Belg. vliggh' cr-en. Germ, 'jicierii, id. ; E. flicker. It is used obliquely in sense 2. FLECKERIT, adj. " Spotted," Pink. Ferly fair wes the feild, fleckerit and faw, With gold and goulis in greyne, Shynand scheirly and scheyne. Gawan and Qol. ii. 13. This is the only sense the word can properly ad- mit here. But it seems to be used {ot flcckil. To FLEM, Fleme, v. a. To drive away, to ba- nish, to expel. Allace, in wcr quha sail thi helpar be! Quha sail the help ! quha sail the now radem '. Allace, quha sail the Saxons fra tVk flem ! JFallace, xi. 1 124. We socht this ciete tyll. As (olkis flemj/t fra thare natyue cuntre. Doug. Virgil, 212. 53. It is common in O. E. Therefor kyng William CM fleme alle that kyndc, Thar landes fra tham nam, that men mot knowe & fynde. jR. Urunne, p. 82. Ot\\cv flemd hem out of Engelond, uon byleued nere. R. Glouc. p. 315. A. S. fljjm-an, ge-flcm-an, fugarc ; Isl. flaemc, extorrem facio, exulare facio, eg flaemcst, exulo. Flaemingr, A. S. fljjma, flcmri, an exile, an out. law, " whereof (saith Lawrence Noel) the Flem- ings are named ; by reason that their country being wild and strong, was a fit receptacle for outlaws, and so was first inhabited." The land, he adds, is called by themselves Flunder-land, q. Fleondru- land, that is, the land of runaways. V. Sonuier, vo. Flijma. Flemcre, a bauisher, Chaucer. FLEMENS-FIRTH, s. An asylum for out- laws. And ill beseems your rank and birth F L E To make your towers a. Jlcmens-Jirth., We claim fiom thee William of Deloraiuc, That hi- may suffer march-treason pain. Lai) of the Last Minstrel, c. iv. 21. V. Flem. FLENCH, Barbour, vii. 21. Read as in MS. sleiitb, q. V. FLENCH-GUT, s. The blubber of a whale laid out in long slices, before being put into casks, S. Su.G. Jlank.a to slice, io cut into ilat pieces, Wideg. Su.G. Jiank, portio ^randior, scgraen- tum ; /cM^a, frustum. Isl./jVAc, id. Ihre views E. flitch as allied ; as, aflilch of bacon. To FLEND, V. n. Had ye it intill a quiet place. Ye wald not v:une loflend. Lijnchaij, S. P. R. il. 90. Apparently, " think of llceing." FLENDRIS, Flenders, Flinders, /./>/. Splin- ters, broken pieces. Smate with sic fard, the airis in fleinlrit lap. Doug, rirgil, 134. "27. This vntrew teraperit blayd and likill brand, That forgyt was hot with ane mortal hand, In flendris flew, and at the first clap As brukyll yse iu litle pecis lap. Ibid. 438. 52. , The how iaflenders flew. Chr. Kirk, st. 9. The next chain'd door that they cam at, They garr'd it a' to flinders flee. Minstre/sj/ Border, i. 178. The tough ash speir, so stout and true, Into a tiiousand^/nJc's flew. Lay of the last Minstrel, c. iii. 6. Rudd. says, " f. a F. fendre, Li.t. findcrc ; q. findii/ae.-" According to Callander, the true origin 'is Goth, flinga, which Ihre explains frustum, ut. pote quod percutiendo rumpitur ; or, a fragment, as being broken off in consequence of a stroke, from fienga, percutere ; Isl. iflingar, pieces of broken ice. iUit neither of these writers has discovered the true etymon. Our word is undoubtedly the same with Belg. flenters, splinters, fragments, tatters. To this source may the E. word also be traced, s bcins frequently prefixed in the Gothic languages and/ and p interchanged. Perhaps the Belg. word is allied to \s\. flcnne, flentae, distraho, divarico ; G. Andr. p. 75. # FLEOURE, Fleure, Fleware, Flewer, FleoWRE, s. Flavour; generally in a bad sense. His lang berde and hare — Scaldit thus ane strang/eo«rc did cast. Doug. Virgil, 419. 22. Thar voce also was vgsum for io here, With sa corrupit>«/-e, nane mycht byde ncrc. Ibid. 76. 20. Flev:are, 2 7. 39. Of filth sic/etcer straik till his hart, That he behowit for till depart. Li/ndsay's VVarkis, 1592. p. 309. Of that rute the ^ywA Jleviourc, As ilouris liavand that sawoure, He had, aud held.— Wrintown, is. 26. 107. ^ F L E Fleurc is generally used in a bad sense. " Fleure — a stinking smell ;" Rudd. vo. Odotire. From Fr. flair, odor, whence E. fla-Mur, Rudd. Armor. 7?i.v, odorat ; Isl. _/?«, mephitis. Lye re- fers to C. Vi.ffiair, putor, foetor, Jun. Etyni. FLESCHE, s. Fleece. Quhcn that I go to the kirk, clcd i. a. " To decoy by fair words ; Jh'thrin, flattering" ; GI. Burns. Expect na, Sir, in this narration, A lleechin,_^t7/in«, dedication, To roose yon up, au' ca' you guid. Burns, iii. 221. Tliis is radically the same with E. Jateei; and riitddcr, 1. q. v. FLEUME, Feume, s. Phlegm. " I sau brume, that prouokis ane person to vome :ihl/cumr. — 1 saw ysope, that is gudo to purge con- 1,'rlic Jlciiiiic of the lyclilllis," Coni|!l. S. p. 101. Written a\io Ji'ii/iiir, ibid. 'Yiint.Jluijiiie. To FLEURIS, -j. II. To blossom, to flourish. The feildis grcue, andjiiiriii moidis Wer spulyeit of thair plcsand wedis. Ljjndxiys H'diiiis, p. 13. 1592. Fr. Jlcitr-ir, id. Fleurise, Flureise, s. Blossom, flourish, S. " The borial blastis of the thre borouing dais of marche hed chaissit the fragrant jlureiie of euyrie frutc tree farnthourt the feildis." C'oinpl. S. p. 58. " As the tree is first scene in the biidde, and then in the JIoiii it h, and after in the frule, so must the life of man bee." Z. Boyd's Last Baltell, p. 1101. FLEWET, Fluet, ^. ' " A smart blow," GI. Rams. If they and 1 chance to forgether, The taiie may rue it ; For an 'hey winna had thi:ir blether, They's get djlr^cct. lltimillon, liannajj's Poenu, Li. 33G. " I'll give you ajiint on the ciieek blade, till the fire flee from \ our ecu holes :" S. Prov. Kelly, p. 3§G. FLyAME,\f. Phlegm. ' First, for the fever feed in folly, 'With fasting stomach take oyl-doly, ^i.\t with a moiil.lifiil of melancholy, l'romJl,/iii>ic for lo defend thee. Pplicurt, IVut^cirs Coll. iii. 10. V. Fj.etjme. FLICHEN, s. Any thing very small, an atom, Dumfr. This is perhaps allied iojuiicliin, as 3. Julie of fnow. If not, toA. S./uA, I'ragmeatuui, or FVotc, S. U. an atom, n- v. F L I To FLIGHT, V. n. To change, to fluctuate. This warld cvir Aohjlkht and wary, Fortoun sa fast hir quheill dois cary. Dunbar, liunna/ijne Poems, p. 58. st. 2. In the last stanza of the poem he substitutes chuiiiiC for flight. How ever this warld do change and vary, kc. A. S.Jlogcll-an, Tcut. vlcll-en, iluctuare. There is aiv evident allinity between the Goth, and Lat. terras. To FLIGHT, v. n. With sobbhig, sichiug, sorrow, and with site, Thair conscience thair hartis sa did bite ; To heir \.\\-i.mK'flidit, it was ane cace of cair, Sa in despite, plungit into dispair. Lyndsuif s IVarkh, 1592. p. 235. Flyte, edit. 1070. It seems to signify, bitter re- flection on their fate. To FLIGHTER, Flyciiter, v. n. l. To flut- ter, S. The foulc ix&tay'it Jliclilerit on hir wingis. Doug. Virgil, 144. 39. Ane fcllon frync come at his taill, Fasijiich/ren through the skise. Burel, IVatson's Coll. ii. 24. Amidst this horror, sleep began to steal, And for a wee her J?/gli/ ring breast to heal. Jloy.s's Hclenorc, p. 62. 2. To tremble, to quiver, to throb; used ob- liquely. Duun duscliit (he beist dedc on the land can 1\ , Sprculand arnXJlsichterand in the dede thrawis. Doug, f^irgil, 113. 51. Tremens, Virg. 'Myjl'chtcraiid heart, I watc, grew mirry than. llenrijsonc. Evergreen, Lijnn and Muus ; st. 9.. 3. To startle, to alarm, to aflPright, S. B, It is transferred to fear, as by means of this one isjluttered and put into disorder. V. Fi.ekkeu. To FLIGHTER, Flighter, v. a. A prisoner is said to he Jiichter d, when pinioned, S. " The magistrates of Edinburgh arc apjiointed, as soon as the body of D. Hackstoun of Ratiiillet is brought to the Water-gate, to receive him, and mount him on a bare-backed horse, with his f;ice to the horse's tail, and his feet tied Ijencath his belly, and his hands /V^/i/crct/ with ropes ; that the Kxe- enlioner, with head covered, and his coat, lead his hoi-se up the street to the Tolbooth, the said Hacks- toun being bare-headed." Orditr of Council, Wod- row, ii. 141. His legs they loos'd, hut /!ighter\l kept his hands. Rosx'x Helenore, p. 4G. This may seem to be allied to \.'i.jlijhten,jlijht-clalh, ligatura, binding, or tying together, Somner; Teut. vlichl-en, ueeterc, to bind. But as the v. Jlichter properly denotes (he act of moving the wings, alas molilare, it may be used in (his peculiar sense, in the same manner as Tcut. vleugheUcn, which prima- rily signifies to bind the wings of a fowl, or pinion it, is used inetapli. for piniiming a prisoner ; alas constringerc, revincirc vel retoiquere alicui raanus post terga, Kilian ; from v/euglw/, a wLng, wlienco also v/i(.hcl~en and vlugghel-en to Uultcr, to move F L I •the wings, which seem the same with vlcughel-en, only ^^ith a slight ilifierenre as to the <>i:thogra]>hy. To FLICKER, V. a. To coax, to Hatter, S. Sibb. vii'ws llii, as the same wllh JIjLker, to shake, to llutter, as containing an allusion to the manner in which a bird moves it wings. Fliccr-ian is indeed the term used Dcut. xxxii. -11.. Sxca cum hiirbi'icldiii ipaeiitli /oflihlc. and ofer higjliccnith. " As an eagle stineth up her ncst,Jlii//erelh over her young." And it beautifully expresses the soothing modes employed in this instance by niatet iial tender- ness. Hut our theme is immediately alHed to Isl. Su.G. fleckra, adulari, by the use of the same me- taph., Hue observes, according to which the Lat. word, properly respecting the action of a dog, wlteii he fawns on his master by wagging his tail, is used to d;nole Ihdery of any kind. Fleckra, as sign!- f\ ing motitaie, alliioiigli viewed by Ihre as radical, ly the same with \. S. f!iccr-hin^ is apiilied (o (he fawning of a dog. Lnpp hundcn frcmfor aat, och JItckradf tiu'il fin rampo; The dog ran before and fawned with his (ail. Tub. ii. !>. Ilcncc jft/,f/7, adulatio. In Tent, we find a similar phrase, xilcijd- ftecrtcn, bl.iiidiri cauda. Perhaps tlie word is ori. ginally from [s\.j7(ii-a, pendulum motare ; G. Andr. ]). 72. To FLICKER, v. n. — Dorothy wean'd she mith lippen, And Jlickcr'd at Willie again. J«n//V,vo«',f Popular Ball. i. 296. " Grinned," Gl. Perhaps rather, used liirting airsi. To FLYDE, V. n. To flutter, Pink., or rather to fly. Man, thow se for thyself; And purchcs the sum pelf. Leyd not th)- lyfc lyke aiic elfe. That our feild ca.njlijdc. Maitland Poems, p. 199. Tent, vlied-en, fngere, aufugere. FLIEP, s. A fool, a silly inactive fellow, Aberd. V. Flut. FLYND, s. Flint. The king faris with his folk, our firthis and fellis, Feill dais or he fand oijlynd or of fyre. Gaican and Got. i. 3. To FLINDER, i/. n. To flirt, to run about in a fluttering manner ; also applied to cattle, •when they break through inclosures, and scam- per through the fields, Ang. It is probably allied to the E. v. founder ; or ■may be a derir. from Isl. flan-u, praeceps feror, incertus mo. Su.G._/7o/-n is used with respect io the rambling of cattle. JFLINDERS. V. Flendris. FLINDRIKIN, s. Fiddle.douped, Flindrikin, &c. Watson's Coll. ii. 54. Perhaps it is the same with Flandrekin. But Flandrekins they have no skill To lead a Scottish force, man ; Their motions do our courage spill, And put us to a loss, man. Rit son's S. Songs, il. 71. F L I Flindrikin is used as an adj. in the sense ot JirC ing, Fife. The sense being uncertain, the origin must be so too. Perhaps it donotis a restless person, who is still IhiKering about, from the v. /Under, or Teut. vledcr-cn, volitare; whence (he, gout is called vleder. cjjn, because it Hies through all the joints. The form of the word, in the kist c.vtract, would suggest that it had been originally a term of contempt given to foreign oiliccts, q. natives of Flanders. * To FLING, 1'. a. 1. To b;iffle, to deceive, in whatever •tvay, S. FZ/wsr, baffled. 2. To jilt, to renounce as the object of love, S. Wike heads have lang been kend to curb the toni'ue : Had I (liat maxim kejit I'd ne'er bevnjlung; Yet if fair speeches will, I'll win his heart. 3Ior/<:un's Poems, p. 1.55. The latter acceptation, especially, is analogous to one sense of the term in K. tojling off, to baflle in f lie chace. It is strange, -that botii Skinner and Johns, -should derive this from LaL^/Z^-o, without once ad. verting to Su.G. /?i7?^.ff, tundere, ])crcutcre, as at least the intermediate form. For as lsl.^e?>.a si>'.. nifies, coMJicere, mittere, Ihre views the Su.G. v. as formed from it, n being used per epenlhcsin. From the similarity of meaning, it appears that the Laf. and Isl. words arc radically the same. Flikg, s. 1. A disappointment in whatever way, S. _ 2. A disappointment in love, in consequence of being jilted, S. 3. A fit of ill humour. To tak the fling., or flings, to become unmanageable ; a metaph. borcow- ed from horses that kick behind. I'crchance his guds anc utiiir yeir \ii.- spent, qnhen he isbrocht to bcir, Quhen his wyfe iaks IheJUng. Bannuti/ne Poems, p. 180. st. 8. Brochl to beir, dead, carried to the grave. Teut. baer, baur, signifies not only a bier, but the grave. For gin we ettlc anes to taunt her. And dinna cawmly thole her banter, She'll tak thejtings, verse may grow scanfcr. Hamilton, Ramsai/'s Poems, ii. 344. " Turn sullen, restive, and kick," A'^. Taking the Jling. strings, is a synon. expression, S. Fling^-tree, s. 1. "A piece of timber hung by way of partition between two horses in a stable," Gl. Burns, S. 2. A flail, S. The thresher's weary flingin.iree. The Ice.lang day had fired me. Bumf, iii. 100. Properly, I believe, it is only the lower part of the Hail that receives this designation. To FLING, V. n. 1. To dance. " Quhat brute the Maries and the rest of the Dawnsers of the court had, the Ballats of that age did witnes, which we for modesties sake omitt ; bot this was the comune complaynt of all godly and wyse men, that if thay thocht that suche a coiut suld long continew, and if they luikit for none uther ly,fe to cum, they wald have wischit thair sones and dauch. ters rather to hare bene brocht up with Fidlars and 3 II 2 FLY Daunsars, and to have boin cxercisit in fiinxing iipoun a tluro. and in tlie rcU that thairof followcs, then to have bene niirisched in the cnrnpany of the godly, and tXiTcised in vertew. " Knox's Hist. p. 315. 'I'lie term has been tluis used prol)ably (vomjiing. in^ or throwing the limbs in dancing. Hence the liighland/ing, a name for one species of moveuieiit in which there is much exertion of the limbs. " We saw the Highlanders, — dancing the Jing to the music of the bagpipe in the open street." Neill's Tour, p. 1. 2. I scarcely think that it is from Su.G.//n^-a, to beat, in reference to the motion of the feet. To FLIPE, Flype, -j. a. To pull off any thing, as a stocking, by turning it inside out, S. Than ([uhen thai step furth throw the streit, Thair faldingis llappis about thair ftit, Thair laitlilie lyiiitii; fiirihward_//y/)2V, Quhilk hcs the muk and inidding wypit. Li/nd>ui/'.s- IVarki!, 1592. (on Syde TaUlis) p. 309. ls\.^ipa, the pendulous lip of a wound; q. that part which is turned inside out, or hangs over. Flipe, s. a folJ, a lap, S. nearly synon. with E. — Those who were their cliief coinmanders — Were right well mounted of their gear; — AVith good blew bonnets on their head; Which on the one side had ajlipc, Adorned with a tobacco pipe. Ckland's Poems, p. 12. Hence the \)\\rascjlcip.cy'cl. " I will sooner see yon ilcip-ej/'d \\. Jleip eij\l'], like a French cat;" S. Prov. " a disdainl'ul rejection of an unworthy proposal ; spoken by bold maids to the vile offers of young fellows." Kelly, p. 218. Expl. " with the inside out," N. FLIRDON, s. Your mouth must be muclicd while ye be in- structed. Foul Flirdon, Wansnrked, Tersel of a Tade. Monlgumcrie, H^atson'.i Coll. iii. 5. This, from the connexion, might stem to contain an allusion to one labouring under a diarrhoea ; Isl. fiaar^ laxus, patulus. If it means a moral defect, it may be allied to Sn.G. j?rter(/, guile; \%\. fiaru., crafty ; A. ^.^eard~an, to err. To FLYRD, V. n. Sum ?ings. Sum dances. Sum fell storyis. Sum lait at ewin brings in the moryis. Sumy/yr(/f. Sum fenyeis: and sum flatters. Dunbar., Muilland Poems, p. 102. This is one of the words i;i»cn as not understood. Put ^Jlyrd, or A.Jlijrdinz thing, is an empty unset- tled person, S. U. It is nearly the same with £. 'Jlirl ; only, 1 think, applied to both sexes. A.'^.Jltard.idn, nugari,y?e«r(/, nugae ; liA.Jlnrn, Jlcirad-uf, vaftr. Ihre \nvnt\ons jiuc id as the term anciently used in the sense of vaiiiias, ii\eptiae • to. Flofder. The v. to JiirJ is also used S. as the E r. Jlirt. To FI.YRE, V. ft. 1. To gibe, to make sport, S. B. tojcer, E. ' lu come i\f2^ jti/rund fulis witk a foud fair, F L I The tuquheif, and the gukkit gowk, and yetJc hiddic giddie. Huulatc, iii. 15. Isl./^i-«, subridere, saepius ridcre ; Su.G,;j/tV- a, oculis petulanter ludere, 2. To leer, S. B. He hunkert him down like a clockin hen, An' fyret at me as I wad hac him. Jamieson'x Popular Ball. i. 348. 3. Expl. " to look surly," Ang. How then he'd stare wi' sour grimace, — Syne_/?j/re like some outlandish race, At wretched me! Morisori's Poems, p. 96. FLYRIT, Maitland Poems, p. 49. not understood. V. FiFILLIS. FLYP.OCK, s. Ther is not in this fair a.^j/rock, That has upon his feit a wyrock, Knoul taes, or mouls in nae degree, But ye can hyde them. Dunbar, Souiar, 6;c. Evergreen, i. 25J. St. 5. Apparently a contemptuous designation for a man ; allied perhaps to Fland._;?e/-e, a lazy and deformed girl. To FLISK, -J. n. To bounce, to skip, to caper, to fret at the yoke. It primarily respects a. horse, S. I have considered the Test, And scruples wherewith some are prest ; Objections, doubts, and every thing. Which makes some brethren_/?'/i/i; and fling; Which done, I'm forced to suppose, There's many's sight as short's their nose, Or else we would not thus miscarry, And be in such feiry ferry. Cleland's Poems, p. f)2. Though when they're high they Jiisk and fike, Yet dogs get of their bones to pike. Ibid. p. 75. V. Braindge. Su.G.^«,9.a, lascivire, vitulire, Isl. id. praeceps ferri ; Su. G. y?aso/, inconstans, vagus; Isl. ^fu^e, praeceps. Sw. Jlaoii's Mctr. Rom. i. 5. Fi YTER, s. One who is jriven to scolding, S. "Till- l,wi \i:isiiot ^ J'.!jtei\ a chvdcr, an vp- braider, u crycr," ice. Uollockc on the Passion, |.. 50O. FLVTtNG, s. 1. The act of scolding, S. " >Iuch fouly/y«Hf was among tliem." Baiilie's r,tt(. i. 51. :.'. A name given to a singular species of poetry for whicli our countrymen seem to have had a peculiar predilection. Kiimart, nun fortli, ami fare my FItjting, Warsc than a warlo in tliy wry tin:;. Stvicur/, KiT/ifjfivi, i. T20. V. Texchis. Ft.YTErocK, s. Tlic double-chin, S. B. Thus denominated bocansi? it is inllatcd, when one l« in a rage, from flijte, v. and poclc, a baj;, as if (iiis were llie receptacle of (he ill humoiu- thrown out in scoldini;. Cliuler, churl, synoii. Flvtewitk, Flyciit-vyte, s. a fine for conten- tion, or for verbal abuse. '• Fli/ilil-vijt is liberty to hald courts, and take up the M\law ;>;■(( mfllct/s. Because //v/cA/ is cMcilJi^f. //If, in French mel/c, quhilk soniciiuics is conjoyned with hand straikes." Skene, Verb. Sign. vo. Melle. turn. This di'linilion is inaccurate in difierent respects. Skene limits the term to the ri^ht of holding a court of this designation. Spelman more justly defines it in its proper sense, as signif) ing, mulctam ob con- tentinnes, rixas et jurgia impositam ; observing that both Skene and Cowcl improperly extend it to strokes. A'. Spelm. vo. Flc/\i/e. A. ^.Jlif-icitc, id. from Jli/, scandal, strife, and Kile, a fine. To FLOAN, Fi.OAK on, v. a. To shew attachment or court regard, in an indiscreet way ; a term generally, if not always, applied to women, who by the lightness of their carriage, or by a foolish fondness and familiarity, endeavour to engage the affections of men, S. B. And for yon giglet hassles i' the glen. That night and day aToJluaniiig o' the men, Aye shakin fa's, and aft times o' their back, Aiul just as light as ever the queen's plack ; They well may had their tongues, I'm sure that they Had never ground the like on us to say- Rosses Helciiore, p. 18. Ibl. ^on, stolidus, fnUius; Jtme, crroneus, 7?f/«- a, pracceps feror, as respecting one who hurries on headlong in any course, especially in one that bears the marks of folly. FLOBBAGE,.r. Than >icflobbage sche layis fra hir About the wallis Li/iuhaij, Pink. S. P. R. ii. 88. This seems to signify |)hlcgm, ([. Jab bi/ or llaccid stuff from the throat; allied perhaps to E. fahbi/, which Sercn. derives from Sw. JIabb, bucca, labi- um pendulum. FLOCHT, Flought, /. i. Perhaps, flight; on Jlocht, on tlic wing, ready to depart. O sueil habit, and likand bedj quod sche, FLO Sa lang as God list suflir and dcstanye, Ressaiicmy bhide, and this saule that o«^oc/j^ !s, And me delyuer from thyr heuy th^jchris. Douj. yirgil, 123. 4. Tliis signification, however, is doubtful, not mere- ly from tiie common use of tlie phrase, but especially from the sense of the last line. 2. Perturbation, state of being flattered ; anxiety, S. B. In the mryne sessoun Venus al onf.ocht, Am}d hir breist reuoUiand niony aEie tliocht, Spak to Neptune with sic pietuous rogratc. Doug, f'irgil, 134. 7. Excrcita cnris, Virg. Fcir pat my hairt in sic a Jlocht, It did me mutch michief. Ihircl's I'ilg. IVatsoti's Coll. ii. 47. " These horrible designs breaking out, all liic city was /n a fought." Baiilie's Lctt.'i. 331. Elsewhere he uses u-fiiglU and /// cijlight as synon. " Wc are all u-filghl for this gr^ut meeting." Ibid. p. 361. " All thir things puts us in a flight." Ibid. p. 70. 3. Fluctuation, constant variation. Full oft 1 muse, and hcs in thocht, Ifow this fals warld is ay on Jlocht, Quhair nothing ferme is nor dcgest. Dunbar, Baiinatjjnc Pociiifi, p. 58. st. 1. A\cm. Jiught, liclg. vlught, flight; or A. S. ,/?o- getf-an, liuctuarc. V. Flicut. Rudd. renders this word " fear, terror," as well as anxiety. I have observed no proof of the former sense. Sibb., adopting this signilicalion, derives it from Fleg, terrify. Flochtrv, Floughtrous, adj. Fluttered, hurri- ed and confused in speaking or acting, S. B. Sleep crap upon licr sick and weary heart : That of her sorrow stcal'd away a part. Tiatjloughtrous dreams strove what they coulj to spill The bliss that sleep was making, to her ill. Ross's llcteiiore, p. 59. HcTjiouchlroiis heart near brast wi' teen. .lamieson's Popular Ball. i. 241. V. Fi.ocirr. To FLODDER, Flotter, v. a. i. To overflow. The dolly dikis war al donk and wate, The low xaVis Jlodderit all w yth sjjate. Doug. Virgil, 201. 2. 2. To blur, or disfigure in consequence of weep- ing. It contains an allusion to the marks left on the banks of a riv^r by an inundation ; synon. hluther. Wepand he went, for wo men mycht haue sene With grete tcusjluddcrit his face and enc. Doug. Virgil, 363. 16. I'allas lyfeles corps w as lyaiid dede ; Quham anciant Acetes thare did kepc, yshh floltrit berde of teris all bewcpe. Ibid. 360. 33. Flotterand icrh, 40 1. 32. This seems a frequentative from Dan. Ji/d-er, to flow, to flow down, Sn.G.JIud-a, to inundate, to overflow. V. Fluddeu, s, FLOIP. V. Flup. FLOYT, .(. Apparently, a flatterer or deceiver. Thy ragged roundels, raveand Royt, FLO Some short, some lang, some out of lyne, With scabrous colours, fulsome Floijt^ Proceedand from a pynt of wine ; — Vet, fool, thou thought no shame to write 'm. Policart, IVatson's Coll. iii. 2. Tout. Jliiijte, fallacium, mcndacium blandum ; j?(/y<.t«, mentiri, blande dicere; Kiliau. This term, indeed, seems nearly allied to some of the words mentioned under Fleicli, q. v. FLOOK, Fleuk, s. 1. A generic name for vari- ous kinds of flat fish, S. 2. Most generally used to denote the common flounder, S. Sir R. Sibbald enumerates the Gunner Flook, Plcuronectes maximus, orturbot; the Turbut Fluuk, plcuronecles hyppoglossus, or halibut ; the Bonnet Flook, pleuronectes rhombus, or the pearl ; the Maj/ock Flook, pleuronectes flesus, or common lloiinder; the Deb Flook, pleuronectes limanda, or dab ; the Craig Flook, sui)posed to be the Smear Dab ; the Rannnk Flook, and the Sole Flook, jilcu. ronectes solea. Hist. Fife, p. 119. 120. V. Note. In his Scot, he writes Fleuk, p. 24. A. S.JIoc, passer ; either a ttounder, or plaice. Flook-mow'd, rti/'. Having a crooked mouth, S. B. FLOOKED, adj. Barbed ; or perhaps, feathered. " Death indeed is fearfull, armed with wanes and snares : We in our weaknesse make it also fearfull, painting it with bare bones, with a skul girning with its teeth, and with its sting, like a^ooAef/ dart, for- to pierce throw the heart of men." Z. Boyd's Last Eittell, i. p. 14. If it signify barbed, it may be allied to M.Jljok of an anchor, a term the origin of which is quite obscure: \( feathered, from Teut. vluggh-en, plumarc, (icrni. Jhick aeyn, to be fledged. The first sense is preferable. FLORENTINE, s. A kind of pie ; properly meat baked in a plate with a cover of paste, S. The name has probably been introduced by some foreign cook, fnjm the city of Florence. FLORIE, adj. Empty, vain, volatile, S. ^'/ fioricfool, an empty fellow; ajlorie creature, ^c. " Flory, (corrupted (lomjloicerij), showey, vain." Sir J. Sinclair's Observ. p. 102. Teut. y/o/e, homo futilis ct niliili ; Kilian. FLOSS, s. The leaves of reed Canary grass, Pha- laris arundinacea, Linn. ; of which bands are made for tlireading cassies, Orkn. Perhaps from lal.Jioe, a moss; as this plant grows on the banks of rivers, and iu marshy places. In some parts of Sweden it is caWedjlaeci. V. Flow-moss. FLOT, s. Tlie scum of a pot of broth v.-hen it is boiling, S. if].J}ot, fat; J!od, liquaracn pingue, quod dum co- quuntur pinguia, lIHuu et enatat ; G. Andr. p. 74. Hu.G. Jlott, a.nc.JIat, is also used in the same sense with our word ; adeps, proprie ille, qui juri super- iiatat ; Ihrc. Some derive the Goth, word from Jlut-(i, to swim. A. S. Jlut-smere, ollae pinguedo supcrnatans. Flot-whey, s. Those parts of the curd, left in whey, which, when it is boiled, y?oa/ on the top ; .y Cljdes., Fkctirfgs^ Aug. FLO " Thai maid grit cheir of Jlot quhaye " Compl. S. p. 66. V. Quhaye. These terms have an evident alTinity to lil.faule, lac coagulatum, et postea agitatum, ut rarescat, ac flatibus intumescat; G. Andr. p. 72. FLOTE, s. A fleet. " King Ewin to meit thir attemptatis asserablit ane fole of schippis." Bellend. Cron. Fol. 23. a. He had na ner socouris Then the Kingis y/o/c. Barbour, iii. 601. MS. A. S. fofa, Su.G. Ital. Jlotla, Belg. vlote, Fr. Jiottc ; from A. S.y7co/-a;!, to rise or swim on the waves; Su.G.^/-a, Belg. vlott-en, natare. FLOTHIS, J. pi. Floods, streams. The men oft' But befor thair Lord thai stud,^ Dcfendand him, quhen fell stremj's otf blud All thaim about mjlothis quhair thai yeid. IVallace, x. 231. MS. Alem. flout, a stream, a river. V- Flouss» To FLOTTER. V. Flodder. ^ FLOTTRYT,/.;v/. -Sum lied to the north : VII thousand large at an\sj?:)t/rjjt in Forth, Plungyt the depe, and drownd with out mercy. Wallace, vii. 1209. MS. This may be mcxcXy Jlodder, flatter, used in a neut. sense, q. lloated. It seems, however, to denote the noise made by a person splashing in the water, when trying to save himself from drowning. If from A. S. floter-an, to Ihittcr, the idea is transferred from the action of wings in the air to that of the hands and arms in water. FLOUGHT, s. Flutter. V. Flociit. FLOUR, s. The meal of v.'heat ; the term meal being appropriated to the flower of oats-, bear and pease, S. Hence, Flour-bread, s. Wheaten bread, S. "It was hajipy for the jjoor, \\i-ii\ flour that year was cheap, foj- the poorer sort did at that time, [17S2] uiejlour-breud, otherwise they would have been in danger of perishing." P. Jlethlick, Aberd. Statist. Ace. iv. 322. FLOURE JONETT, s. According to Mr Ellis, probably^ ihtjlcur de genet, ha-t. genista, broom. The plumys eke like to the fljurejoiieltis. King's Quair, ii. St. 28. FLOURIS, s. pi. Priine of life. itow euer it was, intill hhfloi/ri'.i He did of Deith suffer the schouris. Li/ndsafs JVarkis, 1592. p. 80. i. e. while he was nourishing. FLOURISH, s. Blossom, S. V. Fleukise, FLOUSS, s. A flood, or stream. The bataill thar sa feloune was. And swa rycht gret spilling of blud, That on the erd thu Joussii.- stud. Barbour, xiii. 20. MS. In Pink. edit, erroneouly .sloussis. In edit. 1620; While on the erd the strcames yeode. Tcut. fluyse, aquagium, aqueductus,_/«_i/4-e«, flu- crc, meare cum impetu. Germ, fluss is used in a sense nearly allied to that of owtflouss: Signillcal. FLU humorem flurntcni, sangiiinem aut ))itiiUam ; Jlitshe, prollurio ; Wachtcr. Ho adds, that it also denotes wratt-r in a state of motion, or a river ; but itiia. pines that this sense is not of §reat antiquity. Alein. fase, lluxus. Wachter derives the Cierm. term from /irss.cn, to How. This word is evidently akin to Flat his, q. ▼. FLOW,/, (pron. as E.Z-'ow). A jot, a particle, a small portion of any thing, S. B.jyim, hate, starn, synon. A. S.Jloh, a fragment, a crumb. FLOW, Flo WE, Flow-moss, s. l. A watery moss, a morass, S. " He (D.'l4l)alie) being a stranger, and knew not the g.ite, ran his horse into a F/ok-Moss, where he cuuhl not get out (ill his enemies came upon him, and there murdered him, and cutted ott' his head, and took if with them." Pitscottie, p. 130. '' There are other extensive mosses in this district, CDUunonly called _/?o;v'C4', which it is nut probable ever will, or ever cau be, converted info arable lands. Some of these_/?'jf<'i arc found to be 20, '25, or 30 feet dee]), and that the water has little or no descent." P. Carnwath, Lanarks. Statist. Ace. x. 328. 329. " In this muir there is a small piece of water called the Floic, which also gives its name to a good part of the marshy grounds, lying to the south and west of it." P. Fala, Loth. Statist. Ace. x. GOl. " In many of these morasses, orJ?uiss, as they are called, when the surface is bored, the water issues out like a torrent witli great force." P. Halkirk, Caithn. Statist. Ace. xix. 20. ■2. The termjloiv is applied to a low-lying piece of watery land, rough and benty, which has not been broken up, Loth. Tweedd. It is distin- guished from a moss. Sportsmen generally ex- pect to find grouse in such a place. lsl._/?oe is used precisely in the tirst sense. Loca palustria, vel stagnantes aquae; 01. Lex. Run. Fluentum, palustria, a foe, lluo ; G. Andr. Isl. Jio, Su.G.^, palus. G. Andr. also renders _/?««, palus; palustris terrae locus, p. 71. 74. 'iu.G.Jiot- mosa is synon. Lucus palustris, ubi terra aquae sub- tus stapnante supernatat ; Ihre. V. Ft.awpeat. FLOW AND, adj. Inconstant, changeable. " He counsallit thayni neuir to make ane lord of the His ; for the pepyll thairof ar ay77(;z;a;id in thair niyndis, and sone brocht to rebellyoun aganis the kyng." Uellend. Cron. B. xiv. c. 17. Kaque in- colarum mohilitas ingeniorum ; Boeth. From E._y7oir, Belg. r^ocy.en, used ractaph. ; or perhaps vliig, tickle, volatile. FLUD, Flude, s. 1. An inundation, S. This chapiter tellis, that -ifiidc Nere the cyte owyrvhude. IVyntozin, iv. 14. Rubr. •2. Flux of tide, S. For Swiway was at thare passyng All eb, that thai fand than wfuii. IVi/nloicn, ix. 3. 47, Fh;dmark, s. Watermark, S. To FLUDDER, Fi.uthi;r, v. n. To exhibit the appearance of great regard to any one, to cajole. And qnhan that my drlyte is upon uther, U'hau many folk wil cum, and with mc Judder j F L U And sum wil tel il tailes of the Queciic, The quhilk be hir war nevir hard nor sens. And that I do thay sa}- al weil is done. Thus fals clatterars puis me otit of tone. Priesh vfPcblh, Pink-. S. P. R. i. 31. Mr Pink, has misapprehended rhe sense, in render, ing this frolic. It is evidently synon. with Flciher, and respects the base means employed by flatterers ; as allied to Isl.fadra, adulari, ii\i.G.Jiaeder, inep. tiae, also, a guileful person, a deceiver. To FLUDDER, pron. F/uth»; v n. To be in a great bustle ; a fiutherin creature, a bust- ling and confused person, S. This perhaps is radically the same with Y^. flatter, iw . fladdra, id. Hcl^. /.odder. eji to flap. Fludder, Fluther, s. Hurry, bustle, pother, S. FLUDDER, (pron. Fluther,) s. When a river swells in some degree, so as to become discolour- ed, it is said. There is a fluther in the waiter, S. B. This denotes a slisfhter chanoe than what takes place in a spate. Evidently formed from A. S.flod, Belg. vloed, or ^.fliid, a flood. V. Flodder. FLUFF'D, part. pa. "Disappointed," Gl. Shirr. Tent, flauwe, fractus animo, flawM-en, deficere, concidere animo? Tirin. for-bluff-er, to stun, to perplex. FLUM, s. " Flattery;" Sir J. Sinclair's Observ. p. 120. V. Bleflum. FLUM, s. Flood, river; metaph. used, as Rudd. obsen'^es, like flumen ingenii, Cic. q. a speat of language. Doug, describes Virgil, as Of eloquence the flude, Maist cheif, profound and copious plenitude, Surss capitail in vene pocticall, Souerane fontane, a.n<\flum imperiall. Virgil, A%2. 16. FLUNKIE, s. A servant in livery ; a term now used rather contemptuoiislj', S. ^o flunky braw, when drest in maister's clalse, Struts to Auld Reekie's cross on sunny days. — Fergusfioii's Poems, ii. 7C. Our Laird gets in his racked rents, His coals, liis kain, and a' his stents: lie rises when he likes hinisel ; lib fluii/cics answer at the bell. Burns, iii. 3. FT.fltatgiiier; " to be at one's elbow for a helpe at need;" Cofgr. Perhaps rather allied to A. S. r/o«C(;, pomji; also, pride; or Su.G._/?//(i-, clever, dextrous. Enflink gaasse, a brisk lad, q. one fit to serve with alertness. FLUP, s. One who is both aukward in his ap- pearance, and foolish, Ang. Clydes. F/iep, Aberd. F/oip, Perths. ^ laidlyfiup, an aukward booby, Ang. It seems also to imply the idea of inactivity. Su.G. 7?('y;e?-, homo ignavus, mollis, Ihre; mea- cock, milksop ; flcpig, pusillanimous, conardlj' ; AV ideg. l>i\.fleipr-a, ineptire, futilia loqui,_y?(V/)r(7, cll'utiae, fiitilcs conjecturae cventuum ; G. Audr. p. 73. stoliditas : Vercl. Svi-.flepcr'J, id. F O D FLURDOM. Ill-sliriven, wan-thrircn, not cleiu nor curious, A iiiyting for liyfi;i^, the Flurdom maist lyke, A crabbit, scabbit, ill.facit mcssen-tyke. Keimedij, Eoergreen, ii. 73. st. 31. thejlyrdom lyke. Edinburgh edit. 1508. Not uudcrstood. FLURISFEVER, s. The scarlet fever, S. B. denominated from tlie ruddiness of the skin ; fv.flcur-ir, to bloom; un teint Jletiri, a lively complexion. V. Fleuris. FLUKISH, Flourish, s. Blossom on trees, S. Th( Jluriyhes and fragrant flowres, Through Phoebus fostring heit, Refresht with dew and silver showrcs, C;ists up an odor swcit. The clogged bussie humming beis — On il jwers ■dndjloiir/shes of treis, Collects their lifjiior brownc. A. Huvie, Chron. S. P. iii. 388. FLUSCH, s. 1. A run of water. The dolly dikis war al donk and wato, — The plane strctis and euery hie way Full oijluschis, dubbis, myre and clay. Doug. Virgil, 201. 4. Rudd. seems to render t\ns pools, because conjoin- ed with diibhis. But, when a mixture of snow and water remains on the ground, after a thaw has com. . menced, it is still said, S. There is ajiiish on the ground. It is also sometimes used to denote the overflowing of a river. 2. Abundance; a term generally applied to some- thing liquid. Gevm. Jiuss, aqua vil humor fluens; actus fluendi ; Wachter. Sw.yZwse, id. originally the same with Flo'i s, q. V. To FLUSTER, v. n. To be in a state of bustle, to do any thi.ig confusedly from hurry, S. Teut. vli'ghs, Jhigh.-i, quick ; Lat. velox ; Germ. flugs, ?iu.G. Jliix, velocitei : Isl. ^o^e, praeceps, praecipitans, a.Jlas praccipitantia. Fluster, s. Hurry, bustle, confusion proceed- ing f:-->m hvirry, S. FLUTCH, s. An inactive person ; as, a lazy f.iit .'.', Loth. Teut. Jlauzu, languidus,_^«aw-f« ]: iguidum et remissum esse. Hence, Flutchy, adj. Inactive, Loth. FLUTHER. V. Flodder, Fludber. FOAL, s. A bannock or cake, any soft and thick bread, Orkn. FOCHE, s. A pretence. In this case to speik ony mair, At this tyme is not necessair : Thair friuole/or/je* to repeit, That this new ordour wald debait. - Diall. Clerk and Courteour, p. 26. Perhaps allied to Su.G. puts-a, dccipere; puts, a fetch, techna; Seren. V. Fotch, 2. FODE, FoODE, FwDE, s. Brood, Offspring. — For I warned hym to wyve My doghter. fa\ rcst/ot/e olyve Tharfor o^ Iil Guilder wrath. Ywaine and Gawin, Ritsoi/s Metr, Rom, i. ^&, F O G That this is the true meaning appears from a pas- sage in an O. E. poem. Wifh hem was Athulf the godc, Mi child, my oune/orfe. Geste, K. Horn, Ritson's Metr. Rom. ii. 147. This is probably the signification in that passage, in which Mr Macpherson views it " as an unofficial title of dignity," — Saxon and the Scotlis bliide Togyiidyr is in yhuii frely Fwde, Dame ]Mald, oure Qwene, and our Lady, Now weddyd wyth cure Kyng Henry. Wi/7itozcn, vii. 4, 168. Sibb. understands the term, as signifying perhaps " leader, chieftain;" adding that '■'■ foode occurs in the prophetic legend of Thomas the Rhymer, st. 26. 36. — where, — it has been rashly and unnecessarily altered to brude." Cut although such alterations arc inexcusable, in this instance the sense is retained. On ilka sydc sail sorow be sein, Defouled is monie doughty brude. With hira cummis monye fcrlie brude To wirk the Scottis grit hurt and peyne. Chron. S. P. iii. p. 132. 13?. Ritson renders it, "freely fed, gently nurtured, well- bred," from A. S.focd-an, to feed. 1 his sense has been adopted, Edin. Rev. Oct. 1803, p. 203. where freely fade is rendered " well nurtured." But it is radically the same with Su.G. affoeda, brood, off- spring ; from Su.G./oerf-f/, gignerc, which Ihre de. rives from Isl. fiid. V. Vvn. FODGEL, fidj. Fat, squat and plump, S. O. My mither can card and spin, And I am a fine fodgel lass, And the siller comes linkin in. Ritson's S. Songs, i. 242. If in your bounds ye chance to light Upon a fine, fut, fodgel wight, O' stature short, but genius bright, That's he, mark weel— On Cupt. Grose\<: Peregrinations, Burns, iii. 347. Teut. voedsel, alimcntum, cibus, from voed-en, Sa.G.fiied-a, alere ; q. well-fed. V. Fudgie. FOG, FouGE, s. The generic name for moss in S.. Gryt court hors puts me fra the staw. To fang the fog, he firthe and fald. Dunbar, Mai/land Poems, p. 112. — " Their houses were the most miserable ho- vels, built with stone and turf, without mortar, and stopped with fog, or straw, to keep the wind from blowing in upon them." P. Tungland, Kirkcudb. Statist. Ace. ix. 325. "A rowing stane gathers nae/oj;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 15. " Be sixteen myle of sea to this ile towards the west, lyes ane ile callit Suilskerray, ane myle lang, withoai grasse or hedder, with highe black craigs, and black foiige thereupon part of them." Mon. roe's lies, p. 47. DsLi\.fug,fuug, Sw.fnugg, down, mossiness. To Fog, v. n. To become covered with moss, S. " I have — observed, (hat about this tc-wn [Pee- bles], b.jth fririt and foresf-trops have a smuother skiu than elsewhere, and are seldom seen, either to 3 I F O I fox or bo barV-boiiiid, the soil is so clean and good, "and supplied with the scent of water sufficiently." IVniiociiik's Tweeddaie, p. 31. llence, FoGGIT, adj. Properly, supplied with moss, in allusion to the nest of a field mouse, &c. but metaph. supplied in any respect ; 'Mcl-foggit, well- furnished, S. For noiicht but a house-wife was wrantin, To plenish his a-cc/-fug^i/ byke. Jamicion's Popular Ball. i. 293. It also denotes wealtJi in general, S. — Shf'd may be frae her test'ment score ye ; And better ye were mir'd or hogget, In case auld lucky be tcellfo^^et. Shirrejs' Poems, p. 332. FocGiE, adj. Dull, lumpish. " For this cause flee the foggic hthernesse of the flesh.— Put to the spurc to this (lull jadde of my fog. gic fleth, that I may make more haste in my jour, ney.-' Z. Boyd's Last Battel), p. 9.M. 1100. To FOG, f. a. To eat heartily, S. B. Mftaph. from corn bi'iiif; v,v\\foggif, i. e. having abundance of grass mixed with the straw, so as to render if fitter for i)asture; or rather, as the term seems to be primarily applied to cattle, from the cir- cumstance of their being filled with fog, foggage, or afteri^rass. FOGG IE, s. A term used to denote an invalid, or garrison soldier, S. Su.Cl fogilc, foriiuTly, one who had the charge of a garrison ; but now much di'clined ii\ its meaning, as beiiiijapiilird tosteward-;, beadles, A:c. Delg. uoo^-i/, a guardian, a tutor; ,^d\i/r, hecht Fyn MackowlF, — He gatt my gud-syr Gog Magog. Bannatyne Poemx, p. 174. st. 4. From the connexion, it is plain that this signifies great.grandf.ither. Fair, before, is prefixed, which is often used in reckoning generations, as fore, eldri-c, forefathers. FOISON^, FusiouN, s. l. Abundance, plenty. The lave, that ran with out the toun, Sesyt to thaim in to gret fuxioun. Men, and armyng, and niarchandiss. Barbour, ix. 439. MS. This sense is common in O. E. Fr./o?Vo/i, id. men- tioned by Johnson as an A. S. word, undoubtedly by mistake. Menage derives it from Lat. funo, as viai-ion from niansio. Fuixon, plenty, Essex, Sussex. 2. Pith, ability ; used to express both the sap of a tree, and bodily strength, S. My thread of life is now worn very sraa'. Just at the nick of bracking into twa ; \Vh:ii fusion's in it I sail freely ware, As lung's as I can, in seeking out my dear. Ross's Helenore, p. 45. Thus it is used by R. Brunne. It were than grete ferly how, That tho stones that thou of sais. Ere so heuy aud of suilk pais, That non has force nc fosoun, To remouc tham vp ne doun. App. to Pref. cxci. Foison, the juice of grass, &c. South of E. A. Bor. feausan, taste or moisture, is evidently tho same word, used obliquely. FoisoNLEss, adj. Without strength or sap, S. " Fair folk is ay Jifonlc^s ;" S. Prov. Kelly, p. 104. This has originated from tJic idea gene- rally prevalent, that those who are fair are less strong and vigorous than such as have a dark complexion. FOLD, s. Earth, ground, the dry land. Thus thai faught uponc fold, with ane fel fair. Gaisan and Gol. ii. 21. — I sail boidword, but abald, bring to yen heir, Gif he be frick on the fold, your freynd, or your fay. Ihid. i. 5. For frick, in edit. 1508. it Ufreik. Wallace and he furth fomidvt our the fold, Wallace, xi. 6-10. MS. A. S.folde, id. terra, tellus, hnmus. Foldc icaes iha gjjt graes ungrcne ; Terra nondum erat granii- nosa ; Grenc fold, terra gramine tecta ; Soniner. Isl, follil, terra. "FOLY, aJj. '<■ Belonging to fools," Rudd. And now that second Paris, of ane accord With his vnworthy sort, skant half men bene, Aboue his hede and halliettis wele besen« Set like ane myter the foly Troyanc hatt. Doug. Virgil, 107. 22. I have observed it in two other places, 158. 23. 299. 38. aud still with the same application. In tlie first of these, the foly hat merely signifies the F O N fool's cap. That, with our aucestorp, this was a fa. Tourite mode of eniblcmalically representing rarious characters, appears from one of Lyndtay's Inter- ludes, S. P. R. ii, 9i, &c. To some such custom these inodeni verses steai io allude : Wliea caps among a crowd are thrown, What fits you best take for your own. Either from Fr./o/, foolish ; or Sa.G.Jiollig, id. from Jiol/, [inc. ful, fatuus. FoLiFUL, atij. Foolish, <\.full of folly. " Fol/'ful affectiouis vil be ther auen confusione quhen God plcysis." Compl. S. p. 193. FON, FoNE, s. pi. Foes. He felt himpelfe happyoyt amyd his/o;?. Doug. Virgil, 51. 43. Fone, 387. 30. — - Tiirnyt is my strength in febiliicsse, My wcle in wo, my frcndis all in />;«?. King's Qiiair, ii. 5'2. To FON, -J. n. To play the fool. This was ihe practik of sum ] il^raraage, Quhen Kiiiokis into Fyfc be^ao to fon; V\'ith Jok and Thome than tuik thai thair vtiagc. In Angus to the Feild Chapell of Dron. Lijndaij's IVaikis, 1592, p. 75. " Or gif thay w aid !-lay the Krle Bothwell, and spair the Quene, thay wer in hoip scho sould niary Johne Hammiltoun the Dukis sonc, quhome with mcrie luikis, and genllll countenance (as scho could Weill do) scho had cnterit in the pastyme of the glaikis, and caufit the rest of the Hammiltounis to fon for fainnnes." Buchanan's Admon. to Trew Lordis, p. 19. Foune, id. Chaucer also, a fool. Tyrwhitt men- tions /o;;ne as A.S. But I have observed no si- milar word in that language. It is the same with Su.G. Isl./aa«e, fatuus; \fhcncefaan-a, fitan-uft, fatue se gerere, 9iu.G. faanig, delirus, stultus, lil. fanijir homo nihili : Germ./a;!;-e?i, nugas aijere. Pcrliaps this is the origin of E.fond, and also of fun sport. To FoNE, V. a. " To fondle," Pink. Ane said, The fairest fallis me, Tak ye the laif and/o/jc thame. Pcbli:i to the Plai/, st. 7. Perhaps properly to toy, or play the fool with. V. preceding word. To FONDE, Found, v. a. i. To go. How shal we fare, quod the freke, that fonden to fight ? i. e. " Who go to battle." Sir Guzman and Sir Gal. i. 21. Fighting to fraist, \ funded fro home. Hid. ii. 6. The King in hy Him rewardyt worthely:- And syne our all the land gnw found, Settand in pes all the couutre. Earbour, x. 256. MS 2. To found off^ to go from, to depart. The worthy Scuttis so felloun on thaim dang, At all was dede within a litill stound : Nane o/f that place had power for iofuund. IVullace, X. 3'i. MS. A. 9. fund-tan, tendere. Thefande with hi.t; qui FOR contra eum profecfuscst ; Lye. This seems radically the same with Isl. Jinn-ast, convenire in unum ; whence find, conventus. Ther kommo muanga i hans fund; Many came together to him ; Chron. Rhythm, ap. Ihre. Isl./a;-« a fund, to meet any one. FONERIT. But quhan I fonerit had the syr of substance in erde ; — Than with anc stew stert out thestoppel of my hals : That he all stunncist of that stound, as of ane steil Mapin. Dunbar, Muilland Poems, p. 57. Read scucrit, as in edit. loOrf. FON NED, adj. Prepared ; as, ill-fonned, ill- prepared, and vice versa, Ang. Perhaps fiom \.'$:.fund-ian, Jind-an, disponcre; unless allied to Teut. vond, Sv.G.ftnd, arts, wiles, whence ill-fundig, doljsus, callidus. FOOLYIE, s. Gold leaf, foil, S. Belg. focli, Fr.Jeuille. FOOR-DAYS, Fair foor days. V. Fure- DAYS. To FOOT, V. a. To kick, to strike with the foot ; a term used with respect to horses, Ang. ^footing horse, one that kicks, S. FOR, an inseparable particle, which according to Mr Macpherson, " implies negation, excess, priority, or vitiation of the natural sense of the word to which it is prefixed." Gl. Wynt. But it ought to be observed, that the particle, im- plying priority, is properly /. for oftiMi has the sense of contra in com- pusilioii, although there is no evidence of iti bciug thus used h)- ilsclf. FORAT, aih. Fonvard, S. ; corr. from the E. word. Forat cam' the bloomin maid, Nor stern, nor yet affrighten'd. Rev. J. Nicid's Poems, i. 139. FOR AI VERT, part. pa. Much fatigued, S. B. Fortak'tre is used in tlie same sense, of which this may be a corr. FORBEAR. V. Forebear. FORBEFT, part. pa. In a state of great trepi- dation or perturbation. This has been cxpl. " baffled, q. sore buffed, from Fr. buffe ;" V<\. Sihb. Thai oil the os(, qiilien nycht gan fall, Fra the assalt withdrew thaim all, Woiindyt, and wcry, and furbeft. With mad cher the a>saU thai left. liarbutir, xvii. 793. MS. A. S. for, Su.G./ofc, and A. S. beof-ian, Su.G. Aot'/u-'-'j, Isl. bif-ttit, Uclg. becv-en, trepidare. FOR BEIT, /m. I \\\m forbeit as ane lard, and laithit him mekil. Dunbar, Maitland Pocmx, p. 58. Rcad/o)7tv7, as in edit. 1 50S, lathed, Belg. rer- li-ed-en. V. Forlcthiv. Or perhaps from A. S. foiliiet-cn, to forsake. FORBY, prep. l. Past, beyond, — Thai sped thaim fleand, quhill thai Forbi) thair busthemenf war past. Harbour, vi. 415. MS. The buschment bi/ some deill were past. Edit. 1620. 2. Besides, over and above. " Forbi/ thir thre erllis and lord foresaid thair was. .x\x. knyehtis and landit men all of ane sur> name." Bcllcnd. Cron. B. xiii. c. 16. Praeter, Bocth. V. Sax. Su. (J. /oc;-6?, Dan. forbic, by, past. Beli;. vcr. hi/, voorb^/, past, beyoiul ; literally, past before. 'J'cut. vcur-bj/, trans, praeter, ultra. FoRBY, FoREBYE, adv. 1. Past, beyond. W'luMi he cam to his lady's hour door, Ho stude a yuOcforebije ; And there he heard a foil fausc knight Tempting his gaye ladyc. JMinstrclsj/ Border, ii. 18. It is sometimes conjoined with the v. go. For.tirit of my thoucht, and wo. begone, And to the wyndow gan 1 walk in liye. To sec the «arld and folk that :ccnl J'urbj/c. Kind's Quuir, ii. 11. Tcut. veiir-bi/.f^aen, practeriie, traiisire. Forbi, O. Vj. is used as signifying " away, there- from ;" f>l. Ilearne. Tille his parlie gan cheuc the bisshoi) Oliuere, He turned not forbi for leiie ne for loth. R. lirunnc, p. 286. 2. Besides, over and above, S. The other biirgissis/u/Viy Wcr cled in thair pontilicall. Burtl's Entrance, Q. 1 590. IVatson's Coll. ii. 1 J, FOR Lang mayst thou teach What pleugh fits a wet soil, and whilk the dry: And mony a thousand useful thingsyorfty. Ramaaij^s Poems, ii. 393. FORBLED, part. pa. " Bleeding, shedding blood," Rudd. But it signifies, overpowered from loss of blood. Thou wery and forfochin in that stede, — Aboue the hope of dedc corps ouer ane Fell doanforbled, thare standing thyne allane. Doug. Virgil, 181 38. FORBODIN, FoRBODEN,/>art./>«. l. Forbidden. " I shew unto you that ail those cares wer for. bodcn gooddis, expreslie inhibite be the King of heauen." Bruce's Kleven Serm. H. 3. a. 2. Wicked, unlawful . — The purpoure mantill and rich quent attyre, — Sum time array of Helene Quene of Arge, Quhilk from the realme of Mice with her sche brocht, Quhen sche to Troy forbodin Hymeneus socht. Dong. Firgil, 33. 36. A. S. forbiod-an, to forbid. Su.G. foerbiud-a, to debar from public worship. This difiers in sense from banna, foerbaniia, as much as a papal inter- dict dift'ers from excommunication. This use of the Su.G. term, however, suggests the origin of the S. phrase mentioned by Rudd. " a forbodin fellow, an unhappy fellow," q. one lying under an interdict. Douglas uses the same term, apparently in a dif. fercnt sense. Concerning Ilclcuor it is said that King Meonius Him to Troy had send that hinder yerc. Vnkend in a.TmouT, forbodin for were, Dcliuer he was with drawiu swerd in hand, And quhite targatc vnsemely and euil farand. Doug. Firgil, 296. 48. Vetitus armis. Virg. This may seem literally translated. But I susjicct that Douglas might use this expression, apparently so harsh in translation, in the proper sense of the Lat. part. q. unprepared, from for privative, and bodin, prepared. B'ORBREIST, J', l. The forepart of a coat or garment. Of satiVoun hew betuix yallow and rede Was his ryche mantiJ, of quham tlie/orire/ii lappys, Ratlyng of brycht gold wyre wyth gyltyn trappys. Of cordis fync was buklyt wyth ane knot. Doug. I'irgil, 303. 9. 2. Front or van of an army. At Ihcfurbrei.st thai (irowit hardely, Wallace and Graynie, Boid, Ramsay, and Luiidy, All in the stour fast fechtand face to face. IVaUace, vii. 1188. MS. A. S. fore~breoU, Teut. vcur-borsst, thorax ; Ilence the word has been used mctaph. FORCEAT, s. A slave, a galley-slave, Gl. Sibb. Fr. forat, id. V. Begger-bolts. FORCY. V. FoRSYE. FORCHASIT, /,«r?./>rt. Ovcrchased. Kudour ran hame, full flcyit and forcltaisf} P O R Him for to hyde crap in the dungeoun deip. King Hart, i. 33. FOR-CRYIT,^flr<.^fi[. Woni out with crying. Quiien he was /i/iif ; for-knokit and for.ciyit, About he went, onto the tother syd. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 73. Belg. znh verkrj/t-en, to hurt one's self with cryins- Tt/nt certainly ought to be t^rif. FORD, X. 1. Way. Few men of fenss was left that place to kepe, Wemen and preistis wpon Wallace can wcpe ; For Weill thai wend the ticaris was thair lord, To tak him in thai maid thaim redy ford, Leit donn the bryg. kest wp the yettis wide. The frayit folk entrit and dnrst nocht byde. Wallace, iv. 482. MS. The knycht Cambell, oB'Louchow was lord, At the north yett, and Rarasay maid thaim /orrf. Ibid, viii, 751. MS. Su.G. fort, id., via communis. Kiacraer sum- 7nae grannae, at annaer man hujir hufat gatii oc fort a ; If any of the neighbours complain that ano- ther has blocked up the way to his house ; Skaane L. p. 11. ap. Ihre, to. Fui'I. Galu being conjoined vi\i\\forta, it appears that the latter is synon. with ©ur gate, a way. In the Laws of Jutland, fort is used in the same sense ; as also C. B. fford, Alem. furt. Ihre thinks that/o;-< has a common origin •KitVfacrde, Isl. for, iter. He also concludes, that this word is of the highest antiquity, from the use of Lat. angiportus, which he view s as formed from MoesG. agguus,\iToix.anguus,Ti!LrTov/,a.nAfort?Lvi3.y. 2. Used also metaph. for the means to attain an end ; or preparation for any work. To leid the range on fute he maid him /orrf. Wallace to God his conscience fyrst remord ; Syne comfort thaim with manly contenance. Wallace, iv. 589. MS. Quhen Wallace was agreit, and this Lord, To rewll the rewm he maid him gnAly ford. Ibid. viii. 1588. MS. FORDEIFIT, part. pa. Deafened. Thair ytlpis wilde my hciring ?A\ fordeijit. Pal/ce of Honour, i. 3. Teut. vcrdoov-en, to deafen. V. Deve. FORDEL, s. 1. The first place, the precedence. And eftir thaym elike furth in euin space, Pristis and Centaure straif for the first place : And now has Pristis theybr. n. To make a great noise, to echo, to resound. Fordy/myt, overpowered with noise. Of gretlng, gouiing, and wyfelie womenting FOR The nilTis did resound, bray and rare ; (Jnhilk. huge bewailing Mj'onlijnnyt the are. Dun-;, f'lizil, 123. 35. The land alhale of It.ilv tr^nihlit and (juok, .\iid hi)w cavernis or furn\s of {".thiia round Riimiuvfsit and lo«it, 'finlj/iini/t with ihc sound. Ibid. 0\. II. I'rf liitcnMve, and A. S. t/^n-un, Isl. ilj/ii-d, Dan. ilt/i--r, Sii (J. don-a, stre:>ere. FORU(JUERI r, FORDOWERIT, part. pa. " Wearied, over-toiled, over-waked,'' Riuld. The Kutulianis oucrset with slepe and wync, Liggis souj-it, Jurdoueril, drounkyn as swyne. Dons;, i'iriri'l, 283. 3k. The word seems rather to signify, atitjiijicd; 'J'eut. verJoor-rn, synon. rersolt-en, iufatuare ; infatua. ri, stulfesroro; (hnr, sluHus, stolidus, socors, Ki- lian ; \» hence Uelg. door, a foul. V. however, DoM in IT. To FORDRIUE, v. a. To drive out of the right course. Juno inllammit, mu.ik. en, to waste by drinking. rORDULLIT, part. pa. Made dull, greatly confused. My daislt heid,ywn/«///7 dissele, I raisit up half in ano liihargie. Police uf Honour, i. 26. Teut. vcrdxtaitl-cn., vcrdol-en, errare. FORDWARD, Fordwart, Forthwart, s. A paction, an agreennent. Of Schir Gologras' grant blilh wes the king ; And thoght the/ort/jrorrf wes fair, freyndschip to fulfill. Ga::an and Gal.'is.lQ. Tarchon kyng All reddy was to fulf) I his liUyng, — And vpgan knyt tharc'/()n/;ia;7iVand cunnand Of aniytc and perpetual ally. Dong. I'irgil, 319. 16. Off a (hiiii', I pray the, let me feill. For thi nianheiil this jUr/hu-art to nicfest, (Jnhrn that tliuw seis ihow may no langer lest On this ilk place, quliilk I hailitane tower, At Ihow cum furlh, and all othir forber. Wallace, \i. 487. MS. In edit. 1618, it is entirely cast out : For thy n\anho(id this to me manifesf. In edit. \7^X, although /or//i:i-«;(/ is replaced, it is viewed as an ailverb : For thy manhood lliw fnrth:card to mc fest. A. S. f.jr.-.cord, pactum, foediis, '' a bargain, a league, a covenant, a condition, an agreement." Chaacer, /ornordf id. Tout, veur-wardc. The FOR A.S. tmn seeins comp. o( fur, and zcord, q. the word "oing before. Kilian says of Teut. veur- uaardr, (|. veur.:coord, which Kudd. adopts. Ki, liau elsewhere observes that v^acrd is au old tcrui synon. with icoord, verbura. Otherwise we might have viewed tlic Teut. term as formed from icaerd. en cavere, curare, q. a pre-caulioii ; especially as A. S, icacre, and Germ. v:cr signify, both cautio, and pactio, foedu<. FORDWARTE, adv. Forward. •' Theoistis cmnmyif^rdicarlr arrayitjn baltell." Doug, i'irgil, 27 \. Marg. Belg. t'i)or;, and peace breakers, and receiptors of thieft, of the surnames of Armestranges, Ellotes, — and ufheris inhabiting the bordonris forc-ancnt England." Acts Ja. VI. 1594. c. 2'27. '• This waiter of Sulway rynnis in the Ireland seis : and is the marche of Scotland fornencc the west bourJonris. Fur/tens Esdail, on the tothir side I^ is E(i,-d,iil." Bcll^nd. Dcscr. Alb. c. 5. In conlrarium littus, Boctli. " He wcs haldyn kyng of Britonis/i)/"ne«//y the Ireland seis." Bellend. Cron. B. vii. c. 11. My faithfiill heart I send it h .ir, In signe of paper I present it ; Wald [that] my body via.r foment it. • Evergrctii, i. 111. st. 8. O. E. font aghen.t, over against, seems to be ra- dically the same. It indeed scarcely diii'ers from foniens. " But the Centuryon that stood/orw aghens sigh that he so criynge hadde died and seide veryly this man was Goddis tone." Mark xv. ^Jore-ncns has been derived from A. S. a-fore. ncan. But the word docs not occur in this form. It is fur-ncan ; and this does not signify opposite to, but penes, prope, almost, near, nigh ; Sornner. Fornct.^i &c. arc evidently from A. H.Joran before, and agen, ongean, opposite to, against. Furan ongean, ex adverso ; Foran ongean Galileam ; over ag.iinst Galilee ; Luke viii. 26. FOREBEARIS, s. pi. Ancestors, forefathers, S. Sometimes coir. Jorbeirarit ; synon. Foreldris. Thare is the first hill, yclepit Ida, Thare our forcbearis in thare credillis lay. Doug, fit git, 70. 48. This is the proper oithography. His furbeai is quha likis till wndirstand. Of hale lynage, and trew lyne of Scotland. Wallace, i. 21. MS. " I exhort yon to proceed in the renown and fame which ye and yawr forbeers have conquest in tisnes past." Pitsco^tie, p. 32. This V, ord appears in no other language ; but seems formed from A. S. fore, before, and bcr-an, bear-an, to bring forth. FOREC ASTEN, pa>-t. pa. Neglected, q. cast away. " 1 tell you, Christ will make new work of old forecwten Scotland, and gather the old broken boards of his tabernacle, and pin them, and nail them together." Rutherford's Lv;tt. P. 1. ep. 35. Sj.G. focrka^(-a, abjicere, repudiare ; focrkas- tail, repr jbatus, Apoc. xii. 10. Ihre. FOREGAINST, Forgaj^e, prep. Opposite to. " Thfre was 10,000 Irish tliir two months lying on the coasts of Scotland fortgaimt our country, keeping these in the v\e5t under Eglinton and Ar- gyle in suspense." Baillie's Lett. i. 205. Wele fer from thens standis anc rochc in the se, Forgane the fi>iny schore and coistis hie. Dou^ Virgil, 131. 38. FOR And they forgane the schippis ay, As they sailit, they tooke their way. Barbour, Edit. 1620. p. 308. In Pink. edit. xvi. 555. Aforgai/n, q. v. FOREHANDIT, aJJ. Rash, precipitate, S. B. FORELDERIS, s. pi. Ancestors. Thretty agane thretty then . In felny bolnyt of auld fed, As tha.rcf or-elderis ware slane to dede. JFun/oxn, is. 17. 6. Su.G. foeraeldrar, Isl. foreliri, majorcs ; froia focr, ante, and a/i/er, A. S. aldor, senior; Teut. VL'itr-ouders. majores. FORENAIL'D, part. pa. Money is said to be forenaiVd, when it is spent before it be gained, S. Q. nailed before, because it cannot be applied to another purpose ? Tent, ver-vaeghel-en, id. or perhaps rather from verniel-cn, consumere, dissi- pare. FORENICHT, s. The anterior part of the night, from the gloom till bed-time, S. Teut. veur-nacht, prima pars noctis. FORESKIP, s. Progress made in a journey, iu relation to one left behind, S. B., from A. S. /ore, before, and the termination siip, E. sbip, Sw. siiip, denoting state or condition. FORESPEAKER, Foirsfeik vr, s. An advo- cate. " Gif the over-lord of the defender is essonyied at thric courts ; ncvertheles he sould compeir at tho fourt court, or else send ane forespcakcr for him." Reg. Maj. B. i. c. 25. ^ 2. " That all men that nrfoirspeiiaris for the coist, to haue habilis of greiie, of the fassoun of a Tuui. kill, and the sleuis to be o|)pin as a Talbert. And quhilk of thcfoirspeiiaris that wantis it in the tyme of the said Parliamentis, or generall counsallis, the said habites, and efterwartis speikis for nieid, sail pay. V. piind to the King." Acts Ja. II. 1455. c. 52. edit. 1566. Foir.speikaris for the coist, i.. (^. those who plead for a fee ; as equivalent to speiktng for meid, or reward. The word is still used in this sense, S.B. Mind what this lass has undergane for you, — How she is catch'd for you frae wig to wa', And na.c forspeakers has her cause to ca'. Ross's Uelenure, p. 104. A. S. forespecu, prolocutor ; veiir-^praeie, Sw. foerespraekare, id. an advocate ; A. S. forespracc- an, Teut. veiirsprek-cn, to intercede. FORESTAM, s. i. The prow of a ship. Thay seuch the fludis, that souchand qnhar thay fare In sunder slidis, oner wellit eik with airis, Fra thare forcitanimis the buliir brayts and raris. Doug, f'irgil, 139. 19. 2. " The front," or forehead, Rudd. I have not marked this sense in Douglas. Forestum., id. Shirr. Gl. Su.G. slamm, pars navis prima vel ultima; fram- stam, prora, bakstain, puppis. Anc. stamn, Isl. stafn. Tent, -jcur-ftcve, Bc\g. voor-xfeveii, E.stem. This is derived from Su.G. staf, tabula, asier. y () 11 FORETRRES, s. Fortress. Turmm llic prinre, thai was baitli derf ami balJ, Atie birnaiul bleis Kfr at (lie furrtcrcs glide. lh,:n;. I'trgit. 296. 20. To FORFAIR, v. a. '1 o waste ; as denoting fornication, to abuse. " WiMiK-ii, gif they /o»/rt/;- or abuse their bo. dies ill fornication, and are couvirt thereof : all they quha hcs committed sic ane trcspas, sail be dishcris- .ved. lies. M-".)- '^- "• c- J'J- '5 1- It oecnrs in O. E. as signifying to destroy. — In thai ilk toun did he kric a krie, That alle th.it him seriicd, & of his nioyne ware, Man. woman iV cliilde, stild thei :\\\iiJ'orfiirc. Kastels sulil tliei bete ilmin, kirkcs siild tlu-i bienne. Ji. Branne, ;>. 4'2. A. S. furjar-iin, perdere ; Sn.Cr. f«/■/. ^(7. This is mentioned distinct- ly, because used obliquely by modern writers. 1. Forlorn, destitute, S. 'Tis right we tog"ther sud be ; For nane of us rud find a marrow, So sadly/or/i/?V)! were we. Soiig, Rox.i''s Helenore, p. 130. Syne I ran ne'er be sair/o;/«iVn, When I hae a plaid of haslock woo'. R. Galli)icaij\s Poe?n.':, p. 205. 2. Old-fashioned, Gl. Ross, S. B. I'p in her face looks (he aiild hag furfuirn, And says, Ye will hard-fortun'd be liiy bairn. Royt's Uelcnore, p. 61. Now, Sir, yon hac our I'laviana's Braes, And well, ye sec, our gossip did me jiraisc ; But we're /o;/rt/rrt, and sair alter'd now. Sic youngsonie sangs arc sarcless frae my mou ! Ibid. p. 119. 3. Worn out, jaded, S. This mou} a year I've stood the flood an' tide ; And tho' wi' crazy eild I'm hmt furftiirn, I'll be a Brig, when yc're a shajjeless cairn ! Burns, iii. 55. FOR To FORFALT, Forfault, v. a. To subject to forfeiture, to attaint. '• This Roger of Quincinis successioun (familia) wcs disiierist and forfaltit for certanc crymes coai- mittit aganis the kingis inaieste. Bellend. Crou. B. xiii. c. 15. Yt.forfaire, L. B. forisfacere. Forfalt, J-. Forfeiture. ■' Kf(ir ]\h for/alt the constabulary wes genyn to the llayis of Arroll." Bellend. Cron. ubi sup. Fr.forfaii, L. B. forisf act-urn, id. FoRFAULTRiE, s. Forfeiture. " Our nobles, lying up in prisons, and under forfuiillrics or debts, private or publick, ar.- for the most part either broken or breaking." Baillie's Lett. ii. 410. FORFANT, atij. Overcome with faintness. Astonisht I stnd trymbling thair, Forfant for verie feir ; And as the syllie huntit hair. From ratthis maks leteir. Burcl, Pilgr. Watson's Cull. ii. 33. For intensive, a.nA faint, which is derived by Junius from ¥T.fvind-re, properly to dissemble; by Skin- ner and Johnson from fan-er, to fade, to wither. Su.G. Isl. faeiie, however, signifies fatuus ; Isl. fuan-a fatue se gererc, from fac, brutura. V. G. Andr. and Seren. vo. Faint. FORFLITTEN,/>«r^ jia. " Severely scolded ;" Gl. Sibb. FORFOUCHT, FoRFOucHTE>f,/>rtr^./>«. 1. Ex- hausted with fighting. This is the primary sense. Forfouchtyn thai war and trewald all the nycht ; Yeit feill thai slew in to the chacc that day. Wallace, vii. 604. MS 2. Greatly fatigued, from whatever cause. I wait [nocht] weil quhat it wes, My aw in grey meir that kest me : Or gif I wes forfochtin faynt. And syn lay doun to re't me. Peblis to the Plai/, st. 18. Into great peril ajn I nought ; Bot I am sore and all forifought. Str Egcir, p. 52. It occurs in the first sense in Hardy ng. Where than he fought, against the bastard strong, — la battail sore ferfoughten there ful long. Chron. Fol. 186. a. Belg. vervecht-en, to spend with fighting ; ver- vocht-en, spent with fighting. To FORGADER, Forgather, -v. n. i. To meet, to convene. And furth schc passit wyth all hir cnmpany, The Tfoiane pepill /or^arfe/vV by and by, Joly and j^laid. Do'ig. Firgil, 104. 38. 2. To meet in a hostile manner, to encounter ; improperly viiMenforcgnth^r. " Sir Andrew Wood past furth ^o the Frith well manned, wi'ii (wo ships, to pass upon thi; said EnT'Mi-iiicn, viUom ha foregathered withal imuie- diately before the said castle of Dui:bar, where they FOR fought long together with u-certaia victory." Pit- scottie, p. 100. 3. It is now commonly used to denote an acciden- tal meeting, S. This falconer had fane his way O'er Calder-uioor ; and gawn the moss up, He thcrt for c^ut he r\l with a gossip. ivamsoi/'s Poems, ii. 536. 4. It signifies the union of two persons in marri- age, S. B. And though for you sic kindness yet she had, As she wad you afore anithtr wed ; How cojd she think that grace or thrift cud be M'ith ane she now does sae mansworu see ? Fouk ay had best begin with dtaling fair, Aitho' they S}i\\foriiaJer ne'er sae bair. Ross's llclenorc, p. 105. Teut. ver-gaeder~en, congregare, couveuire. FORGANE. V. FoRiCAiNST. FORGEIT, /,/«/. With that ane freynd of his cryd, fy ! And up ane arro* drew ; Hcforgeit it sa fowrwusly, Tlie bow in flenders tlew ! Ckr. Kirk, St. 9. " Pressed, Isl. fergia, in praet. fergdt, fremere, compingere ;" Callander. Hut I am much inclined to think that it rather signifies to let go, let Uy ; from A. S. furga-n, Belg. verga-en, dimittere. FORGETTIL, adj. Forgetful, S. B, R. Brunne usts furgetilschip, as denoting an act of forgetfulness. So did kyng Philip with sautes on tliam gan pres, Bot for Aforgetil'chip R. & he bothe les. Philip left his engynes withoutin kepyng anyght. R. Brunne, p. 176. A. S. Jbrgj/tel, forgytol, obliviosus, Isl. ofer. geotvl, Belg. vergeetclijk, id. To FORHOW, V. a. To forsake, to abandon, S. B. Thare housis tliay forAotii and leuis waist. And to the wodJis socht as thay war rhaist. Doug. Virgil, 'i20. 37. Mind what this lass has undergone for you, Since ye did her so treach'rously/orAoa;. Ross's Helenore. p. 104. In the same sense, a bird is said " toforhozo her nest," when she deserts it, S. B. Su.G. foerhaJ'u;-a, aspornari, conteratim habere; from foer, negat. and liaftca ; or, as Ihre supposes, in the sense of gerere, to conduct one's self ; more probably in its original sense, to hare, asforhozo deno es the reverse of possession. FoRHiWARE, J. A deserter, one who forsakes a place. — Owthir sal I with thir handis twa Yone ilk Troiane/<»r/iO!i'«re of Asia Do put to deith. Doug. Virgil, 405. 52. FORJESKET, FoRjiDGED,/)«ri;./)fl. Jaded with fa;i ue, S. id. Gl. Shirr. These are given as sy non. - I have IxeixA forjidged Hscd ill his sensa, S. B. Forjesket sair, with weary legSj FOR RatUin the corn out-owre the rig?, My awkwart muse sair pleads ana begs, 1 would iia write. Burns, iii. 243. dnforjesiit have any affinity to Teut. ver-jaegh. en, con jicere in fugam, prolligare ? FORINGlT,/)rtr/./)«. Banished, made a foreign- ci: ; formed from Ft. /brain. ■ — —As tho coude I no better wjle, Bot toke a boke to rede upon a quhyle : — Compilit by that nobil senatoure Of Rome quhilome that was the warldis floure And from estate by fortune a quhile Foringit was, to povert in exile. King's Quair, i. 3. FORK. To stick a fork in the waw. Some are so foolish as to believe, that a midwife, by doing so, can throw the pains of a woman in labi ur upon her husband, S. That this act of fixing a fork in the wall was sup- posed to be of great efficacy in witchcraft, appears from the account given of it, in relation to the car- rying olf a cow's milk, in Malleus Malcficarum. V. the passage, vo. Nicnevien. FORKY, erf/. Strong, same asyorryy Dunbar. FOR-KNORIT,/i^rt./)a. Worn out with knock- ing. V. FORCRTIT. ToFORLAY,'^.;?. To lie in ambush. Gl.Sibb. Teut. verlacgh-en, insiduri; Su.G. laegg-ri, Alem. lag.nn. Germ, lag-en, id. To FORLANE, v. a. To give, to grant; GI. Sibb. Su.G. foerlaen-a, concedere, donare; Belg. rer» leen-en. Germ, ver-leih-en. Su.G. laen.a was an- ciently used in the same sense ; from MoesG. lew- jan, Isl. li-a, praebere, donare. FORLANE, part. pa. " Alone, left alone, all alone ;" Rudd. But the learned writer seems to have mistaken the meaning of the word, as used by Doug. I have observed it only in one passage, where it undoubtedly signifies, fornica- ta est. He porturit als ful weilawa. The luf abhominabil of queue Pasiphe, Full priuely with the bull /"Li;7a;;e was sche. The blandit kynd, and birth of formes twane, The monstrus Mynotaure doith tharc rcmane. Doug. Virgil, 163. 10. In the same sense it is used by Thomas of Ercil- doune. As women is thus/ivr lain, Y may say bi me ; Gif Tristrcm be now sleyn, Y'uel yt;ni rs cr we. Sir Tri.'trem, p. 47. V. Fort.t, It is used, however, in the former sense by Hciiry- sone, Test. Creseide. The sede of luve was sowiii on my face ; — But now alas! that stdc wiih frost is slaine. And 1 fro luvirs Icfte and ?i\ furltiine. Chron. S. P. i. IGl. FORLANE, a/ij. He Ivkcs cot sic a,forlar.e loun of laits, 3 K FOR JIc siys, \\.G. foerlaegen, solicitus, qui anxie rem aliquam cupit ; qui anxius est, ut re, quam dcsi- dcrat, potiatur; Tent, ler-legcii, incommodus, im. portunus. The plira.se may be, " so covetoiis a fel- low ; one whose manners discover so much grecdi- css. " To FORLEIT, Forlete, v. a. To forsake, to quit, to leave off. R. Brunne, Chaucer, id. 'riionic Lutar wrs thair menstral meet ; Auld lyihtfutis than he (.Wtiforkit, And coiinterfiitin Franss. Chr. Kirk, st. 6. Chron. S. P. ii. 361. E'en cruel Lindsay shed a tear, Forlc/ii'ig malice deep. Minstrehj/ Border, iii. 336. Wer he alyve, he wald dcploir His folic; and his \o\cforlei(, This fairer palranc to adoir, Of maids the niaiklcs Margarelt. Montgomerte, Maitland Poems, p. 166. A.S. forlaet-an, Su.G. foerlaei-a, id. Isl.for- lacl-a, dcserere, forleit, pret. Teut. verlaet-en, Germ, vcrlass-en, id. Ulph. fralet~an, dimittere. It is horn for, fner, ver, intens., and MoesG. let-an, A. S. lact-an, Su.G. lact-a. to leave. To FORLEITH, v. a. To loath, to have disgust at; Gl. Sibb. Teut. ver-leed-en, fastidire, A. S. lath-ian, Sw. lid-(it, id. FoRLETHiE, s. A surfeit, a disgust, S. B. " Ye ken well enough that I was ne'er very brow- diin'd upo' swine's llesh, sin my mithcr gae me afor- Icthic o't." Journal from London, p. 9. Leikic is used in the same sense, Loth. To FORLY, V. a. To lie with carnally. Thar nylfis wald thai oft for/'j/, And thar dochtrys dispitusly : And gytf ony of thaim thair at war wrath, Thai watyt him wele with gret skaith. Barbour, i. 109. MS. The quhilk Anchemolus was that ilk, I wcnc, Dcfoulit his faderis bed inccstuoslie. And had /or/j/ne his awin stcpmodcr by. Doug. Firgil, 330 .5. Dj/ seems superfluous. A. S. forlig-an, Su.G. tuerligg-a, Wem.Jurlig.an, fornicari ; A. ^. forleg- eii, fornicata est; furlegani, in Leg. Fris. scortato- rcs et adullcri. V. Foui.ane, part. FOR-LYIN, fart. pa. Fatigued with lying too long in bed. For.wakit and for-walloiiit thus niusin". y> ery for-li/in, I Icslnyt sodaynlye. And sone I herd the bell to matins ryug, And up I rase, na langcr wald I lye. King's Quuir, i. 1 1. H'rj/ here seems redundant. Tent, verlcghen, I'i'ssus ; Kilian. FORLYNE./)«r^ /f„7. V. FoRi.y. FOR To FORLOIR, V. n. To become useless, q. to lose one's self from languor. My dule spreit dois lurk for schoir. My hairt for langour dois/or/o/V. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 125. FoRLORE, part. pa. Forlorn, utterly lost; a word common in O. E. It is used in two more ancient forms by R. Glouc, Theruore gode lond men ne both nogt al ver. lore. P. 260. He vndude alle luthcr lawes, that me huld byuore, And gode lawes brogte forth, thater were as uor- lore. /fizW. p. 281. i. e. " that were formerly as it were lost." A. %.forlcor-un, iin.G.foerlor-a, Teut. verloor- en, perdere. Hence the Fr. phrase, tout est frelore, all is lost. FORLOPPIN, part. pa. Fugitive, vagabond j an epithet applied to runaways. The terrour doublis he and fereful drede, That sic /o/"/o/);)/« Troianis at this nede Suld thankfully be resett in that ryng. Doug. Virgil, 228. 7. Me thocht a Turk of Tartary Come throw the boundis of Barbary, And ]a.y forloppin in Lombardy, Full long in wachmaii's woid. Dunbar, Daiina/'/iu: Poems, p. 19. st. 1. Perhaps zcachman should be icalhman, a wanderer. V. Waith. " Is it nocht thocht, that the preist monk or fleschelye/o;-/o/)/;/« freir, followis treulie the verray doctryne of S. Paule : q'.iliilk is ryniicgat fra his re- ligioun, & makis ane monsteruis iiuiriage, and it wcr with ane Non ? and yit he wyll sweir, and saye, that all that he dois, is for the glorc of God, & the liber, tie of the Fuangell. O intollerabyl biasphemation. fury, & wodnes. Now ar the wordis off the chcitt aposfole Peter cum to in effect, sayand, that his deir- ly bcluffit brother Paule, had wryttin mony thyngis, in the quhilkis ar sum harde to be vnderstand, quhilk men vnlernit, and inconstant peruertis (as vtlieris scripturis) to thair awin dampnatiouu." Kennedy, Commcndator of Crosraguell, Compend. Tractiue, p. 78. Teut. verloop-en, to run away, verloopen knechf, servus fugitivus ; loop.en, Su.G. loep-a, Germ, lauff. en, to run. V. Loup. FORMEKIL, adj. Very great, Rudd. FORMOIS, adj. Beautiful ; h^.formos-us. Jn to my gairlh, 1 past me to repois. This bird and 1, as we war wont a forrow, Amang the llouris frcsch fragrant, ^x\A forinois. Lj/ndsajj's IVurkis, 1692. p. 187. Pormous, Chaucer. FORNE, adv. To fornc, before, formerly. He wes fcr balder, cirtes, by his Icif, Saying he followit Virsillis lantern to forne. How Eneas to Dido was forsworn. Doug. Virgil, 10. 37. - Su.G./o;vi, praeteritus ; A. 'i.fonie, prius ; for- an, ante. V. FenNYEAit. FORNENT, prep. CoiiCeming. FOR But we will do you understand M'hat we declare /ornen^ Scotland. Rob. III.^s Ansicer to Henry IV. of Eng. Watson's Coll. ii. 4. V. FoRKANENT. rO ROUGH, FoROUTH, prep. Before, as to time. ' I sail als frely in all thing ' Hald it, as it atTeris to king; ' Or as niyn eXAni forouch me ' Ilald it ill freyast rewate.' Barbour, i. 163. MS. In to that tyme the nobill Ring — Is to the se, owte off Arane, A litill/oroi/^A ewyn gane. Ibid. T. 18. MS. A litill before the even was gane. Edit. 1620. V. next word. FOROUTH, FoRROw, A forrow, adv. l. Be- fore, as to time. In to Galloway the tothyr fell ; Quhen, as yeforotttk herd me tell, Schir Eduuard the Bruyss, with l, Wencussyt of Sanct Jhone Schyr Amery, And fyfty hundre men be tale. Barbour, xvi. 504. MS. For oft with wysure it hes bene said aforron', Without gl.iidiiLS auailis no tressour. Duidur, Bunnuljjne Poems, p. 54. st. 1. i. c. in times of old. Lyndsay, id. V. Formois. 2. Before, as to place. Syne tuk thai southwartis thair way. The Eric Thoma? vesforouth ay. Barbour, xiv. 242. MS. This seems a derivative from MoesG. faura, be- fore. The form of forouch is nearly preserved in Germ, vorig, prior. S. foraf, as to go forat, to go on, if not a corr. of E. forward, may be the same with forouth. It seems doubtful, however, whe- ther forouth may not have crept in, instead of forouch, from the similarity of c and i in MSS. If not, it may be viewed as the same with Sw.foerat, foerut, before ; gaafoerut, go before; Sevaelfoe. rut, a sea phrase, keep a good look out, S. look zieill foraf. Ihre writes /oern//, antea, vo. Ut. FoROWSEiN, seen before, foreseen. Walys ensample mycht have bein To yow, had ye it foroio scin. Barbour, i. 120. MS. Forots is written distinctly from sein in MS. FOROWT,FoRO\vTYN, />?•(-/>. l. Without. — Quha taiss purpos sekyrly, And followis it syne cntt-ntily. For OKt fayntice, or yheit faynding, — lie sail eschew it in party. Barbour, iii. 280. MS. This form of the prep, seldom occurs. In Rauchryne leve we now the King In rest, /or oxctyn barganyng. ' Ibid. iv. 2. For is generally written in MS. distinctly from i>7::t, or ozstyn. 2. Besides. He had in-til his cumpany Foure scor of hardy armya men, Fot'Owt archeris that he had then. Wyntonn, viii. 42. 120. FOR Sw. foerulan signifies both absque and praeter. FORPET, /. Thefcurthpart oiz-^eck, S. It seems merely a corr. 1 hae brew'd aforpef o' ma't, And I canna come ilka day to woo. Ritson's S. Songs, i. 184. " People froTii a considerable distance will chear. fully pay 2s. 6d. for as much land as is requisite for sowing a cap-full, or forpet of seed, 40 of which measures are allotted to an acre : each /or/;f/ gene- rally produces from 11 to 25 lb. of dressed flax from the mill." P. Culter, Lanarks. Statist. Ace. vi. 77, FOR-PLEYNIT, ;.«//./,«. Worn out with com- plaining or mourning. So lang till evin for lak of niycht and mynd, For-wepit a.nA for-plej/iiit piteously, " Ourset so sorrow had both hert and mynd. That to the cold stone my hede on wrve I laid, and lenit. — — ■ King's Quair, ii. 54. To FORRAY, v. a. To ravage, to pillage. Thau gert heforray all the land ; And sesyt all that euir thai fand. Barbour, xy. 511. MS. Thir lordis send he fiirth in hy. And thai thar way tuk hastily : And in Ingland gert bryn, and sla : And' v,-rQuclit tharin sa mekill wa, As thai forrai/ii the countre, That it wes piie for to se Till thaim that wald it ony gud. For thai destroyit all as thai yliud. Ibid. xvii. 527. MS. Yone detestabil and mystheuous Knee — Ane certane horsmen, licht armyt for the nanis, Has send before, for to forray the planis. Doug. Virgil, 382. 3. Rudd. apprehends that the term, as here used, merely signifies " to over-run, to take a view, what the Fr. call reconnoitre.^' But it is meant to expl. the phrase used by Virg., quafere campos, to scour the country. It occurs in the same sense in our Laws. " — Sum (]uha nighllie and dailie rievis, forrayis, and commiftis open thicft, riofo and oppression." — Ja. VI. 1593. c. 174. Here it is expletive of r/eivV;^ or robbing. In latter times, it was \s x'ltten forrois, furrow. " Crrighton — furrowed the lands of Corstorphin — and drave awa^' a race of mares, that the Earle Douglas had brought from Flanders." Hume's Hist. Doug. p. 167. The word seems immediately from Fr.fourrag.er, fourr-er, which signify, not only to forage, but to waste, to ravage. Both Spenser and Shakspeare use the E. word in the same sense. It is probable, there, fore, that as foragin:^ parties lived as freebooters, the term might thus come to denote depredation. Dr Johns, supposes that fourrage is from Lat./ow. Du Cange, with far greater probability, deduces it from L. B.fodrum, fodder, which Spelman and Som- ner derive from A. S. fodre, iialnilum, alimentum ; y/hencc foderare, forrare, fodrum exigere; fodrarii, qui ad fodrum cxigendum, vel tollendum pergunt ; nostris Fourricrs ,■ ahoforiar/i, pracdatores militares. 3 K2 FOR i'oRRAV, s. 1. Tlie act of foraging, era search iliroujjli ibc country for provisions. In this sense It occurs more rarely. --Qiiliill thai went to ihcforrai/ ; AiiJ s»va tliair |HircliL'syiig maid thai: Ilk man trcwcillyt for to '^t-l And purchi'.'.i lliaiin that thai niychl etc. UjiOuui; ii. 578. MS. 2. A predatory excursion. — Qiihen the i\'i;«ill saw that tliai Wall! noiht pass t'lirth to tUc J'orrajj, IJot press) t to Ihaini with tliair mycht, He wyst ueiil tlian that thai waid fycht. llaiboiir, XV. 4(is. IMS. This is expl. Iiy wliat Newill says ; 15ot me Ihinli it spcdfull that wc Abid, (inhill h}s men scaly t be Tliruw tlio coiintre, to lak thair praij. Ibid. vcr. 457. TJiir four hundrcth, rycht m ondyr weyll arayit, Ri'for the toiin the playn baner display it: — A I'oi raj/ kest, and sesit nickill gud. IVallair, ix. 462. MS. i. e. " planned a predatory excursion, and siozcd a valuable prey." 3. The party employed in carrying ofF tlie prey. 'I'hcforraj/ tuk the pray, and past the playn, Towart the park. TVuUacc, ix. 467. MS. V. the r. and next word. 4. It seems also to denote the prey itself. That rad noncht grctly skathful was Til the cuntro, that thai throwcht-rade I'or thai na grci fon-ais made. li'ijiiloi-rt, vectura. carriage of any kind. The root if. far. a, ire, protisisci, tor. responding to A. S.fai.an ; whence /or, a journey, an expedition. FORRET, s. 1. " Front, forc-head, corr. from /orc-haiJ," Rudd. Aleclo hir thrawin visage did away, — And hir in scliape transforiny t of ane tret, \l\tforctt skorit with runkillis and inoriy rat. Doug. Virgil, 221. 35. 2. IMctaph. used to denote the brow of a hill. 11) cht ouerforganc iheforret of the bra, Vndir the hingand rokkis was alsua Ane coil", and thurin frcsche wattir springand. Doug. Virgil, 18. 16. FORRET, adv. Forward, S. — Twecsh twa hillocks, the poor Iambic lies, And aye fell/-<;/T/ as it stoopt to rise. Iloss\v llelenore, p. 14. V. Foroutu. To FORREW, V. 71. To repent exceedingly. Forruiyd, pret. The Kyng of Norway at the last And hys men foJ'-nc\yf/sare That cvyre thai arrvw-yd thare. Wyntoicn. vii. 10. 203. For, intens. and A. S. hrcoican, Alcin. riuuu-on, Teut. roiizc-en, pocnitere. FORRYD AR, s. One \vho rides before an arm- ed party, to procure information. Thair/o?v'j/rf«/- was past till Ayr agaync, Left thaim to cum with pouer of gret waille. Wallace, iii. 76. MS. ^w.foerridare^ D3.n.forrider, one who rides be- fore. FORROWN, ¥oRKVS, part. pa. Exhausted with running. Feill Scottis horss was drewyn into trawaill, Forroan that day so irkyt can defaill. ) Vail ace, x. 704. MS. From /or, denoting excess, and rin, to run. FORS, FoRss, s. A stream, a current. On horss he lap, and throch a gret rout raid , To Dawr) och he knew the/or.si' full weill ; Bcfor him come feyll stuflyt in fyne stcill. He straik the fyrst but baid in the blasoune, Quhill horss and man bathe flet the wattir doune. Wallace, v. 265. MS. In going from Gask to Dalreoch, Wallace had to cross the river Earn. The word is /or.s, Perth edit., in others /or(/. Su.G. /or^ denotes not only a cataract, but a ra- pid stream. \i\. fort, f OSS ; YcxcX. yo. Foss. Fis. kia alia forsa, piscaturum aut llumina ; Ost. Leg. ap, Ihre. Han com midt i Jorsen af itroommen ; F O 1\' III' got into the mid. stream of tl.e livor; Widrg. IIl'iicc Sw.^'o;".«-rt, to rush. It is used in the same sense in Lapland. " There being still new torrents to stem, and new cataracts to overcome, we wore often obliged to land and drag our boats upon the shore beyond one of these cataracts, so that we could not reach Khigis. fors, or the Torrent of Kingis, which is 1 1 miles fur. ther, til! the 30th." Mortra) e's Travels, ii. "239. Skinner men 'ions /orvci as occurring in l''ng. Dic- tionary i!i the sense of ::tt/erf(iUx (V. I'hiljps) ; but expresses great doubt whether this v.ord was ever in use. Here, however, he is certainly mistaiien : for it occurs in tliis sense in the composition of the names of several waterfalls in t!ie vicinity of the Lakes of Cumberland ; as ytirciz-forcc. Scale-force. " We should have visiled the waterfall at Scale- force, but were told that there had been so little raiu as to prevent the effect." iNlawraan's Kxcursion to the Highlands and Lakes, p. "i^S. V. also p. 206. Hire derives it from Su.G. /or*, vehemcntia. He thinks that in Isl. it is softened \ntofois for the sake of a more agreeable sound. G. Andr., however, un- der Furs, furor, gives/os*«/' as signifying, elfuruli- tur praeceps ; and fors is still used in Isl. for a cata. ract. To FORS, ■:'. n. To care. So thay the kirk had in tliair cuir, Thay/y/',f but lytill hov; it fuir. Dunbar, Malllund Poems, 105. This c. is often used impets. It forst nocht, it gave us no concern. Apon the sc yon Rewar lang lias beyn. Till rychtwyss men he dois full mekyll teyn. ISlycht we be saitf, it forst nocht oflF our gud. Wallace, X. 819. MS. — AVe rck- not far our good. Edit. 1648, i.e. '• We value not our substance." I do no force, I care not, Chaucer. This v. is formed from the Fr. phrase, Je iie fait point force de celci, I care not for, I am not moved by, that. FORS, Force, s. Necessity. Off fors, on force., of necessity. " Sir Patrick's horse entered with him, and could no wise encounter his marrow, so that it was force for the said Sir Patrick Hamilton to light on foot." Pitscottie, p. 101. Be our party Vas passit Straithfulan, The small fute folk began to irk ilkane; And Iiorss, of fors, behuffyt for to faill. Wallace, vii. 765. MS. So lamp of day thou art, and shynand sone, All vtheris one force mon thar lycht beg or borowe. Doug. Virgil, 4. 9. One is certainly an erratum for on. FORSAMEKILL, conj. For as much. " It is statut, — that forsamekill as there is great raritie and skantnes within the realme, at this pre- sent tymc, of siluer; that thairfoir ane new cuuyie be strikin." Stat. Dav. ii. c 46. s. 1. From /or, sa, so, and mekill, much, q. v. FORSCOMFIST, part. pa. 1. Overcome with heat, S. FOR 2. Nearly suffocated by a bad smell, S. V. Sgomftst. To FOR SET, V. a. \. To overpower, to over- burden one with work, S. 2. To surfeit, S. Tent, ver-sttcf.cn, saturare, ex'aturare, ob-a ii. rare; Ivilian. In the iirst s.Mise, however, the toriu seems to have more alRnity to A. ^. for-s^-ith-an re- priuiere. V. Oui-rset. FoRSFT, s. The act of overpowering or over- loading. ^ forset of %vark, an excess of la- bour above one's strength ; a fur set of meat, a surfeit, S. FORSY, FoRSYE, FoRcr, Forss, adj. Power- ful. Superl. /brj-f.'/rf. \\\ warkllynos c\\\\\y suld ony ensur ? For thow was (ovmytforxi/e on the feld. Wallace, ii. 214. M.5. With retorhyng that nycht xx he slew. The/o7sejt,vZ ay rndly rabutyt he. Ibid. v. 29!. MS. Perth cdit./ers«,s/. Vnto a.\j forcjj n)an ar to bo wrocht Harneifi and armour.^ — ■ Doug. Virgil, 257. 55. I was vyithin thir sextio yeiris and seviu, Ane freik on feld, als/orv.s, and als fro, Als glaid, als gay, uls ying, als yaip as yie. jflenrj/sone, Bannati/ne Poemf, p. 131. st. 4. This may be immediately from Ft. force. Su.G. fors-ft, however, signifies to rush. Scren. men- tion^ Goth, fors, ira, furor, veheinentia, as a cog. natc term, under Force, E. FORSLITTIN, part. pa. Left for expl. by Mr Pink. 1 have been threatnit and forslitfin Sa oft, that I am with it bittin. Philotus, S. P. R. i. 38. St. 101. This, I suspect, is an error for forjlitt in, scolded. If not, it might signify, worn out, q. with abuse. Su.G. fuerslilt-a, deterere, distrahere, from focr, intens. and slit-a, runipere; I'cut. versl/jt-cn, id. A. S.forsliten, ruptus. To FORSFE.^K, v. a. l. « To injure by im- moderate praise," Gl. Sibb. One is said to forspeak another, when he so com. mends him as to liave a supposed inlluence in making him practically belie the commendation. If one highly praises a child for sweetness of temper, and the child soon after betrays ill humour; the person, who bestowed the praise, is said to have forspokin the bairn, S. The word, in the same sense, assumes the form of a s. " Some charms are secretly used to prevent evil ; and some omens looked to by the older ])eople. — The tongue— must be guarded, even when it com- mends ; it had more need, one would think, when it discommends. Thus to prevent what is called forespeaking, they say of a person, God save them ; of a beast. Luck sair it," [i. e. preserve it,'] P. Forglen, Bantfs. Statist. Ace. xir. 541, N. The word occurs in the same sense ia O. E. F O R " nut whic should there bo more credit ginrn (o wilihes, wlion thc\ saio tliey hiiiic made a r^all bar- g:iiiif wiib ihi-diii.'ll, killalarow, In-witohed but. t.T, iiifcibli'd a rhild, forc^pohcn hir mishbour, \c. than «li.n shf coiifo;-"i'ih that sho tran^ubslaiitiatc-th l.irfi-lfi-, niaki'th it raine or haiK-, llieiii in llic aire, eoclh iiiiii!.ible, traiisltrrilh coriie in tin- prassc from one field to>auothiT ?" Rffiiiiald Scot'.- Discouorie of AVilchiiaft, l.Wa. IJ. iii. c. 11. 2. " A perion is said to be forspoien, when any sudden mischance happens on the back of a sc- ries of good fortune ; or when a child, for- merly promising, suddenly decays, the child is said to he /orspoien." Gl. Shirr. 3. Fore- spoken water. " \Viien the beasts, as oxen, sliccp, horses, &c. an- sick, tlicy sprinUlc thcm^^ilh a water made up by thciii, which ihiy <:M jorc-^poki-n icatcr; where- with liki-wavs thi')' sprinkle their boats, when they succeed and i)rosper not in ihiir lishing." Brand's Descr. Orkney, p. G'2. As used in sense 1. it may seem related to A. S. fur-apeien, spoken in vain ; or legally reckoned of "no account, as it occurs in the Laws of Canute. " He, who in a controTcrsy shall presume to defend himself or his vassal by means of calumnies, habhc thai ealle for fpcccn, the whole of (his shall be accounted /or- spvceii;" c. 2-4." Du Cange renders it interdictum, forbidden, but the term seems here to preserve the A.S. sense literally, in cassum, vel frustra dictum. J n sense 3, it denotes cti/isttvfl^ct/ water. It has been ri>ndercd bcicitcked ; as in sense '2. it evidently respects the supjiosod power of incantation. Whe- ther in this sense it simply siguilies, q. spohen a- <;uinst, or has any relation to Germ, spok, I3elg. .>/>oo/t, aspecire, Ishall not pretend todetermine. The latter idea might seem to ha\e some degree of probabi. lilv, as Helg. voorspuot signifies a portent, an omen. FORST, prel. v. V. FoRS. To FORSTAW, Foresta', v. a. To under- stand, S. A cripple I'm not, ycforsta me, 'I'ho' lame of a hand that 1 bej Nor blind is there reason to ca' nic, Allho' I see but with ac eye. Sum;, /vo.v.v'.v llvlenore, p. 150. 9i\\.Cj. foerstu-ii, 'I'eut. ver.^/a-cn, Germ, vt'rufch- iti, intelligere. Jhre thinks that these Goth, words were formed in resemblance of CJr. nifufiui, scio, iiitelligci, « liicli he derives from s-ti and ifr,ic»i, sto. Hut, indeed, the reason of this Strong figure is ex. Ireiuely uncertain. V'ORSTARIS, s. A female forester, or inhabi- tant of a forest. I'andarus and Bitias, (wa brethir germane, B\ Aleanor engendril that Troyane, yuhami' Iliera, the wilde/or.v^ay/'j knaw, Bred and vpbrotht in Jonis haly schaw. Uoii^. i'irgil, 302. 10. Q. for'tarcxn, from Fr./o/rjY/Vr, a forester. To FORSURNK, v. a. — Gif that ye be ane counsellar sic, (Juhy suld ye sleuthfullie your tymcforsiiriie? K. JJart. Maillund I'ocms, p. 'i'J. st. 21. FOR Left by Mr Pink, as not understood. But, either simply, or as conjoined with ileuihfullie, it sig. nifies to waste, to spend, to consume. Singly, it may signify to care for ; Tcut. veiirsorgh.en, also, vcrsurg-cn, curare, procurare, jirospicere; MoesG. sdiir-jian, A. S. sorg-ian, Alem. suorg-en, to be careful ; MoesG. suarja, care. FORSWIFTIT, part. pa. Bewildered, strayed. Furs-xijtil from our rycht cours gane we ar, Amaug the wyndy wallis wauerand fer. Doug. Firgi/, 74. 14. This is rendered " driven swiftly," Rudd. Add. But it is certainly from /o/- in tens, and Alem. suiif-an vagari, obcrrare; Tent, sicej/v-en, stoej/ff-en, id. Sw. sv:aefic-a, to fluctnatc, to wander. FORTAIVERT, /flr^/)rt, Much fatigued, S. V. Taivert. FORTHENS, adv. At a distance, remotely si- tuated. Thare lyis ane werlye cuntre vfeWforthens, AVith large fieldes lauborit ful of fens. Doug. Virgil, 07. 32. Q. forth thence, \.^. forth a.\\Athanon, hinc inde. FORTHERSUM, Fordersum, adj. i. Rash-; acting with precipitation, S. B. Gin ye o''eT forthersome turn tapsie turvy, Blame your ain haste, and say not that 1 spur ye. Ross's IJelenore, Inlrod. 2. Having a forward manner, S. B. The ither was a right setting lass, 'ihongh Jorth&rsome i but meek this lassie was. Rosi's llelcnure, p. 94. 3. Of an active disposition ; as, forthersome wi' work, S. B. opposed to dilatoriness. FORTHGENG, s. The entertainment given at the departure of a bride from her own, or her father's, house, Ang. Forth and gang, to go. A. S. forthgang, pro- gressus, exitiis. FOR-THI, FoRTHY, corij. Therefore, A. Bor. Agayne hym thai ware all irows : For~ihi thai set thame hym to ta In-til Perth, or than hym sla. IVi/ntoKn, Tii. 7. 207. JSochI for thj, nevertheless, notwithstanding. The tothyr failyeit fete ; And nocht j'or thi his tiand wes yeit Wndyr the sterap, magre his. Bar/our, iii. 124. MS. Forth}/ is often used by Chaucer and Gower in the same sense. In the MS., both of Bruce and of Wallace, it is almost always written as two dilierent words. Sw. /oer/^, id. A. ^. forfhi,furl/t^, ideo, |)ro|)terea. FORTHY, adj. Forward ; or perhaps frank, fa- miliar in manner. " Wherever is no awe or fear of a king or prince, they, that are most Jorthy in ingyring and furth- sctiing themselves, live without measure or obe- dience after their own pleasure." Piiscottie, p. 1. V. Ft inuT. To FURTHINK, v. a. To be grieved for, to repent of. FOR FOR The day will cum that thonforthink sail i(, That thai have put sic lesings into writ. Mtiittand Poems, p. 316. Scho tauld him hir trcsoim till ane end. — At hir he speryt, g'lii scho forihocht it sar. Wa, ya, scho said, and sail do euinnar. Wallace, iv. 7j9. MS. TYiixfoirlhocht that thai faucht. IJoulaie, iii. 16. He sighed and said, Sore it meforlhinketk For the dcde that 1 haiie done, I do me in your grace. P. Ploughman^ Fol. 98. a. It is often used by Chaucer. A\em. fort he ncan, pcrperam cogitare de. Su.G. foeitank-a, aliquid male factum censere. Belg. zich verdenck-cn, to grudge, to waste away with thoughtfulncss. FoRETHiNKiNG, s. Repentance. " Such a man also may haue — some secrete checkcs of remorse for his bygone follies, euen Judas his ftirauiMtx, repenting or forethinking." Z. Boyd's Last Battel!, p. 447. FORTHYR, s. Assistance, furtherance, any thing tending to accomplish an end in view. The lokmen than thai bur Wallace, but baid, On till a place his martyrdom to tak ; For till his ded he wald imforthj/r mak. fVallace, xi. 1344. MS. A.S.furthrung occurs in the same sense, cxpe- ditio negotii. V. Forder. FORTY, adj. Brave, valiant. O you of Grekis ma,ht fortj/ Diomedc, Quhy mycht I not on feildis of Troye haucdeid ? Doug, yirgil, 16. 10. Fortissime, Y'lrg. (torn lja,t. fortis, or Fr. /or/, id. Both Rudd. and Sibb. have conjoined this with forsy ; but they evidently differ as to origin as well as signification. FORTHWART, s. Prudence, precaution ; used perhaps in the general sense of, deportment. A ryoll King than ryngyt in to France, Gret worschip herd oft' Wallace goucrnance, Otf prowis, pryss, and off his vvorthi deid, AnAforthi^arl fair, commendcde ofFmanhcid ; Bath humyll, leyll, and ofl' his priwyt pryss, Ofl' honour, trcwth, and woid of cowatiss. IVa/lace, riii. 1618. MS. A. S. for-ziard, prerautio. But perhaps the word is allied to Su.G. h\.ford-a precavere. FORTRAVALIT, Fortrawaillyt, part. pa. Greatly fatigued, in consequence of travelling, and especially from watching, S. Than Danger to the duir tuik gude keip, Both nycht and day, that Pitie suld nocht pas: Quhill all fordwarl, in [the] dofalt of sleip, Scho bissilie asfurtravulil scho was. Kinz Hurt, i. 45. The first scho is certainly by mistake for jra.'a, so. " I mon soiourne, quhar euyr it be Lcuys me tharfor [)er charyte." The King saw that he sa wes failyt, And that he ik \ves/oj- traiciiillijt. Barbour, iii. 326. MS. Ik is used for eik, also. . To slc[ e drawys hewynes. The King, that M fortrazc/iilh/f wc?, Saw that liim wortlivt slop nedwajis. 'Harbour, vii. 173. MS. Fr. travaillc, tired, fatigued ; formed after tlnj Goth, manner withyij/- intens. prefixed. To FORVAY, FoRUEY, FoRWAY, v. n. i. To wander, to go astray. Full soberlie their haknayis thay assayit, Efter the faitis auld and not forKdijil. Palice of Honour, i. 9. 2. To err, either in judgment or practice ; metapli. The names of rietris and pepyll bene so bad Put be this Ca^tonn, bot that he had bene mad, Tlie ilude of Toiter for Tybcr he had write, All men may know thare hu forueyit quyte. Dung. Virsfil, 7. 8. Ane brutell appetite makis young UxXisforuai/. Ibid. Prol. 96. 15. It seems comp. of For negat. and way, or A. S. zcaeg ; although I have not observed a word of this formation in any other dialect. However, it may be from Teut. verzeaey-en, vento agitari. For WAY, s. An error. Tharfor wald God I had thare eris to pull, Misknawis the crede, and thrcpis v thir forzeai/is. Doug, f'irgil, Prol. 66. 25. i. e. " Affirm other false doctrines." Kudd. by mistake cites this as the v. FORWAKIT, part. pa. Worn out with watch- ing, much fatigued from want of sleep, S. Sum of thare falowys thare ware slayne; Sum/or-Kai'_t/(/ in trawalyng. JVyntozcn, viii. 16. 141. V. Forwallouit. Belg. vervaaif, " exceeding sleepy, having watched much beyond one's ordinary time;" Scwel. FORWALLOUIT, part. pa. Greatly withered. The term is used with respect to one whose complexion is much faded by reason of sick- ness, fatigue, &c. S. For-wakit and for-ieallouil thus musing, Wery for-lyiu, I lestnyt sodaynlye. King's Quair, i. 1 1- FORWARD, s. Paction, agreement. Tristrem com that night ; — To swetc Vsonde bright, Asforu-ard was hem bitvene. Sir Tristrem, p. 11 J. R. Brunne uses the term in the same sense. Mc mcruiiks of my boke, I trowe, he wrote not right, That he forgato Wiliam offorisard that he him hight. Neuerles the forizard held what so was in his thouht. Vron. p. 65. Chaucer forward, id. Same with FoRWARD,q. r. FORWEPIT, part. pa. Disfigured, or worn out with VMCpill^. V. FOR-FLEYNIT. FORWONDRYT, part. pa. Greatly surprised, astonished. • He agayne to Lothyane Till Schyr AnieV his gate has lane; And till him tauld all hale the cass. That tharoir all for zcondryt wass, , y j|Qf How ouy mail sa sodanly FOR Hycht do so gret chcwalry. liaiboui; vi. 10. MS. It recurs in 0. E. That was alle J'urxiondrvd, for liis dcJe com (euc. li- Bruitne, \t. 37. Tciit. verxtonder-cn, inirari. F0RWORTHlN,/.fl»Y./.^j. " Unworthy, ugly, hateful i" Rudd. Yoiie was ano cau;rne or caue ia auld dayis, — Am- grbly dcii, and aiie forxcorthin gap. Doug f'irgii, 247. 35. But it soonis rallu-r to signify lost, undone, cast away ; and in its full txti'iit, e.\ecrable. ForiiiH/hin fulc, of all the warld refuse, What ferly is tliocht thou rejoycc to llyt ? Dunbar, Evergreen, ii. 53. st. 8. A. S Jor-TZcorth-un, ^cutc ; foneorden-lic, dani- nabilis ; Jur:ci/rd, an accursed thing ; comp. of /or, in the same sense in which Bclg. ver is often used, directly inverting the moaning, and weorth-ian, to be. FORWROCHT, part. pa. Overtoiled, worn out with labour. Eneas and his feris, on the strand Wcry andforzcrocht, sped them to nerrestland. Doug. Virgil, 18. 3. Sa famist, drowkit, mait, farczcrocht, and walk. Palice oj Honour, iii. 10. Forivrockt, edit. 1579. Hclg. lerucrtk-en, to consume v\ith working ; ■ lie heest zidi verxserkt, he has hurt (or tired) him- self with working. A. S. foricyrc-an is used dif. torentiy ; .signifying to destroy, to lose. FORyAWD,/>a>/'. adj. Worn out with fatigue; nenrly obsolete, Loth. ; perhaps q. foryede, much falii^utd with walking. To FORYEILD, ti.n. To repay, to recompense. l"'or that crutU olVence, And oulragious full hardy violence, — The goddis mot condingly the J'orjjcild ! Doug. Virgil, 57. 2. Uere it i» used in relation to punishment, as for- j/clde b) Chaucer. A. S. /vr-geild-an, /or-gyld-a7i, reddere, compen- sare. 'l\»l. virgheld-cn, id. from /(//■ and ^//tZ-un, gheld-en. IVedergheld-cn is synon., as also Su.G. FORYElNG,/flr/. /r. Foregoing, taking pre- cedence, — Firyeing the feris of ane lord, And ho ane sirnmbell, and sfandford. Daniar, Maiiland Vocim, p. 111. A. S. fir^a-it^ I raeire. To FOR YKT, FoRYHET, ik a. To forget, S. B. Se on this wise sclie caw fori/et nethiiig.. Doi'g. Virgi!. 1'2'i. 31. Chaucer, id. Ferj/cl is also used as the pure. pa. l*i\\. loif. and law'c lyis behind, Ant', auld k} iidues is cmj \ Joryett. hwiiiaf^inc Poems, p. 134, Qnha will befor (hire biikis rede, — Sail lind discencland lynealv, Na pcr'ownc, ih.it I ^tmi.\,fjrijhete 'I lit Malcoliue the spows of Saynt Margret. IViint'K^n. vi. l*). 09. FORYOUDIiNT, adj. Timl, out of bteaih, over- F O U come with weariness, Ang. ; synon. /otjouchtirt, FOS, Foss, s. A pic for drowning women. V. Pit and Gallows. FOSSA, J. The grass that grows among stubble, Ang. Su.G. JoM signifies stubble. But/o.?.f(7 is undoubt- edly the same which occurs in a Lat. charter, A. D. 1205. — 'Son Tidimus tempore Ilenrici et Richardi quondam Rcgum Angliae quod quis rcdderet deci. mas do feriis aut de genestis aut de jossi'i ubi prim fuerint deniosniatae. Du Cange thinks this an error, instead of /'"oic/.f, which he renders, ''waste and barren ground ;" ro. Fraustum. But Cowel seems rightly to render the passage : — " We never saw that any one paid tith of furze or broom ; or of Latter- math or after pa>iure, where the grass or hay had been once mowed before." Law Diet. vo. Fossae. FOSTEL, J-. A vessel, a cask. Grein Lust, I leif to the at my last enda Of fantisie znefostcll tillit fow. King Hart, ii. 61. Fr.fnstaiHe, L. B. fustaill-ia, a wine cask ; from Teut. Fr.fuite, id. derived from Ija.t. fust-is, Diet. Trev. FOSTER, s. Progeny, Gl. Sibb. Sw. foster, child, embryo, foetus. To FOTCH, FouTCH, v. a. i. To change one's situation. " Look in what maner wee see the sheepheards tents flitted a.ad fotched, efter the same maner I see my life to be flitted and fotched." Bruce's Eleven Serm. K. 4. b. 2. To shift or change horses in a plough. It is said that farmers begin to fitch., wlien the day is so far lengthened that the plough is twice yoked in one day. Loth. Fife. 3. To exchange in whatever way, Vll foutch ivilh you, I will make an exchange, S. B. Su.G. byt-a, mutare ? V. next word. To FoTCH, -J. 71. To flinch. They band up kyiulncs in that toun, Nane frae his feir to fufch. Evergreen, ii. ISO. st. 11. i. c. " to flinch from his companion." The only words which seem to have any affinity are Isl. fat-ast, Su.G. fat-as, fatt-as, deticere, deesse, fugere ; Isl. egfvtte, retrorsum flector, G Andr. As^/zic/t/w^ is a t7m/;^e of conduct, a shift- ing of one's course, the senses formerly mentioned may be traced to this or, vice versa. Or fofch, as signifying (o flinch, may be radically the same with Su.C;. piits-a, decipere, circnmvenire. FOTHYR, s. A cart-load. V. Fudder. FOU, s. A pitch-fork, Buchan. FOUD, ,f. The name given to the president of the Supreme Court formerly held in the Ork- ney Islands. " The President, or principal person in the ia,-j. ting was named (he Great Fond or. Lagman, and subordinate to him were several little /ourf.j or un- der sherit's or bailfffs." Barry's Orkney, p. 217- Su.G. /i»^i/e, anc. ft'gat,fogati, fougte, praefec- tusj Germ, z\>gdj aogt, praefcctus regionis, urbis. F O U vel castri. I hare seen no satisfactory conjecture as to the origin. FOUGE. V. Fog. FOUL, adj. Wet, rainy, S. She was not sae skecgh, Nor \vi' her answer very blate or ilreegh ; But says, I'm wac, ye've got so foul a day. — Ross's HelenojT, p. 38. — An' glowcrin round the lift, to sec Gif fair or fozcl the morn wad be, Trudg'd wi' his collie, to his cot. Rev. J. Nicol's Poems, ii. 84. To FOUND, 1/. n. To go. V. Fonde. To FOUNDER, v. a. To fell, to strike down, to give such a blow as to stupify one. It is also said, that one k foundered, when he receives a stroke, as by a fall, which causes stupefac. tion, S. It occurs in a similar sense, O. E. llcfoiindcr'd the Saracens o' twain, And fought as a dragon. R. Briaine, Ellin's Spec. i. 122. Mr E. renders it forced. But he conjectures that " it is a mistake of the transcriber for sondcT'd, i. e. sundered, separated." Perhaps from Fr. fondre, to fall ; foiidre d'en- hatit, to fall down plump ; converted into an active transitive r. To FOUNDY. V. FuNDY. FOUNE, adj. Of, or belonging to, fawns. And sum war cled in jiilchis and /oH«e skynnis. Doug. Virgil, 'i20. 42. FOURHOURS, s. The slight entertainment taken between dinner and supper ; denominated from the hour commonly observed in former times, which wzsjour o'clock P. M. The term is now vulgarly appropriated to tea, although the hour is changed. Formerly, it denoted some stronger beverage, S. Thus Aulus hath for ten years space extended The plea ; and further more I have expended Vastsums, to wit, for washing, lodginsj, diet, — For morning-drinks, four-hours, half gills at noon. To fit their stomach for the fork and spoon ; — For rolls, iornackcts, roundabouts, sour cakes, For Cheshire cheese, fresh butter, cookies, bakes. For panches, saucers, sheepheads, cheats, plack-pyes. Clicnrs Complaint, l'Vatso7i's Coll. i. 22. 23. This poem, written some time in the seventeenth century, gives a curious picture of manners, and particularly of the means employed by clients to keep their lawyers in good humour. From a passage in Knox's Hist, it seems jjrobable that the custom of four-hoi/rs had its origin in the tavern. " The craftsmen wer required to assemble thame- selfis togither for deliverance of thair Provcst and Bailycs, bot they past to their four houris pcnnie." p. 270. F O U This pi. mode of expression is generally used by the vulgar. " It's nine-hours," It is nine o'clock, — " twall.hours at een," midnight, S. This is evi- dently a Fr. idiom. FOURNEUKIT, adj. Quadrangular, having four corners, S. " The mone beand in opposition (qiiheu it is raaist round) appcrit suddanly as it war foure nukit." Bellend. Cron. li. vii. c. 18. Ne spare thay not at last, for laik of mete, Thare fatalc joi/re nukit trunscheouris for til ete. Doug. Virgil, 208. 52. Quadrac, Virg. Bclg. vicrhoekig, id. E. 9wok has been viewed as formed from Belg. een hoek, angulos ; which Lye approves. Add. Jun. Etyni. Shaw mentions Gael, iiiuc, id. But I have not observed it in any other Celt. Dictionary. FOURSUM, used as a s., denoting four in com- pany. 'V\\c four -sum baid, and huvit on -the grene. — With that the foursum fayn thai wald have fled. King Hart, i. 25. 26. V. Sum. FOUSEE, FousY, s. A ditch, a trench. An oist of tentis, stentit on the grene, With turettis, /oz(sy. and erde dykis ilk dele, He gan addres to closin wounder wele. Doug. Virgil, 210. 35, " The Proveist assembles the coramonaltie, and cumis to the fouseis syde, crying, Quhat have ye done with my Lord Cardinall ?" Knox, p. 65. Ft. fosse, Tunt. fossa. To FOUTCH, V. a. To exchange. V. Fotch. FouTCH, 's. An exchange of one thing for ano- ther, S. B. FOUTH, FowTH, s. Abundance, plenty, full- ness, S. Of Helicon so drank thou dry the flude. That of thy copious /o«^/j or plenitude All men purchcsce drink at thy suggerit tone. Doug. Virgil, 4. 6. V. Almous. " Ye sal eit your bred with fouth, & sail dwel in your land without feir." Abp. Ilamiltoun's Ca- techisme, 1552, Fol. 10, a. b. It does not appear that there was any subst. noun resembling this in A. S. Rudd. derives it from fora for full, q. fulth. It is indeed iroxa full ; for Wyntown uses it in its primary form, Fmlth of mete, abundance of meat. V. Brist. But Teut. vulle is used precise- ly in the same sense ; plenitudo, saturitas. FoUTH, adj. Abundant, copious. When the wind's in the West, the weather's at the best. When the wind is in the East, it is neither good for man fn^or beast. When the wind is in the South, rain will be fouth. Kelltj's S. Prov. p. 353. FOUTY, FuTiE, adj. Mean, base, despicable, S. fron, footy. He, Sampson like, Got to his feet, finding no other tool. Broke one rogue's back with a strong wooden stool, And, at a second blow, with little pains, 3 L 1- o \v Boat out another /oi/fj/ rascal's brains. iiamiUon's IValluce, p. 353. An' Paian's sin was left, ye ken, At Li-mnos, to be sear'd Wi' Vulcan's ir'ns ; then to blaine mc l-ifiitic and niislear'd. Poems in the Uiichan Dialect, p. 31. Fr. foutii, a scoundrel, (romj'uu/rc, to lecher. FOUTTOUR, FouTKE, s. A term expressive of the greatest contempt, S. I trow the Foullour lyis in anu transs. LijinlsHi/, S. P. R. ii. ^0. Mr I'iiik. renders it rascal. But the sense is more general. It has evidently been borrowed from the Fr. FOW, Fu', adj. 1. Full, S. 15ot thir lawmakers that ar now, Thinkis that the saull will be sa/ow, Anis iu four oulkis, it will neid nane Quiiill the foiirt Sonday cum agane. It is ane takin, 1 yow tell, Saullis houni;er they feill nane thame sell, And thairfoir dois the word disdane ; Thay ar sa/c>;c, now they neid nane. Dial. Clcik and Couiteoiir, p. 20. " It is usual in S.," as Rudd. has observed, "to chaiii^e II or I into iv." This, however, has prevail- ed far more generally in conversation, than in writ- ing. ;;. Saturated with food, S. " He's unco_/'u« in his ain house that canna pike a bane iu his neighbour's ;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 33. " You are never pleas'd/ow or fasting ;" S. Prov. Kelly, p. 376. 3. Drunk, inebriated. Na, he is drunkin I (row ; I persaive him wiill /'ozii. Ltjintsay, Pink. S. P. R. ii. 28. For this our giief. Sir, makes us now Sleep seldom sound, till we be.fuw. Pemieciiik's Poems, 1715, p. 2. " Afotc heart is ay kind," spoken when one in Lis cups shews imperlineiit fondness ; Kelly, p. 44. Awa, she says, fool man ye're growing/H*. Rusi's Ihlcnuie, p. 117. V. Daft. This idiom, which seems quite unknown in 15., is found on the continent. i>u.G. full, ebrius ; hence, fyll-a iiy, se inebriare, fyllbiiU, hulluo, fylleri, ebrietas. Hire. Germ, vull, literally full, also sig. nilics drunk ; Er xjsar voli, he was fuddled. FOW, /. Sunityme, ([uhen husbandmen went to the weir, They had ane jack, ane bow, or els auo speir : Ami now bifoii- quhair thay had ane bow, P'ul fain he is on hak to git ane /om ; And, for ane jak, ane raggit doke hes tanc ; Ane sword, sweir oul, and roustie for the rane. Priests Peb/is,S. P. R. i. 13. ;\Ir Pink, renders it " a club." AlrSibb. " per. haps a knapsack." The hrst is by far most pro. hablu. Perhaijs it is from Fr. Just, Jut, a stall' or baton, as the staff of a spear. FOWE and GRIIS, Robbers, for sothc to say, Slough mine filawes, Y wis, In the se ; FOW Thai raft ine/owc and grits. And thus wounded thai nie. Sir Tri^trem, p. 77. '•' Foice, from the Fr. fuururc, signifies furs in general ; Griis a parlicular kind of fur, so called from its grey colour." Note, p. 280. But it is not probable, that foiirrure would be softened into Jozce. Might nol/otce rather refer to the fur of the pole cat, Fr. j'oine, fuuine ? V. next word. FOWMARTE, s. A polecat, S. A. Bor. Mustela putorius, Linn. " It is ordanit, that na man haue INIertrik skinnis furlh of the realme ; and gif he dois, that he pay to the King ii. s. for the custume of ilk skin, and for x. Fozamartis skinnis callit Fithowis, x. d." Acts Ja. I. 1424. c. 24. edit. 1.566. Junius views fullmer, id. as comp. of O. Fr. fiil fetid, and merder a martin, observing that in Bela;. it is called y/wc, from its bad smell. Kilian accord- ingly renders Tent. visse,Jisse, vitchc, mustelae ge- nus valde putidum ; hence Jitchat. In O. Vi. it is also written fulimart, and distinguished from the Jitchat. " The beasts of the chase in some [books] are — divided into two classes : The first, called beasts of szoeelJl/i;ht, are the buck, the doc, the bear, the rein deer, the elk, and the spytard [i. e. an hart one hundred years old]. In the second class are placed the. fulimart, the Jitchat or Jitch, &c. and these are said to be beasts of stinking Jlight.'" Strutt's Sports, p. 11. FOWSUM, FOUSUM, adj. i. Luscious, un- gratefully sweet, S. Glaikit fools, owr rife o' cash, Pamper their weyms \si' fousom trash. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 19. 2. Obscene, gross ; as E. fulsome is used. Quhat is your lufe hot lust, — Ane fozasum appetyte. That slrenth of person waikis ; Ane pastance unperfyte, To smyte you with thu glaikis ? Scott, Chrnn. S. P. iii. 141. 3. Nauseous, offensive ; like E. ftt/some. Kind Scota heard, and said, Your rough. spun ware But sounds right douff and fousome i' ray ear, Ross't. Ilelenore, Inirod. According to Sibb. " q.foulsome." It has evident- ly the same origin with E. fulsome; which has been generally derived from A. S./«/, impuius, also, ob- scoenus, and sum, denoting quality, q. v. FowsL'MLiE, adv. Loathsomely large; applied to what is overgrown in size. " llowbclt thow wer accumpanyt with thaym all (hair lender age, thow sail fyn'd thaym throw thair inlemperanee and surfetdiet safoicsumlie grow- in in thair myd or latter age, that thay sail appeir als vncouth to thy sycht, as thow h.ad neuir knawin thaym in thair tender age." Ik-Ilend. Ue cte/rf, an empty fellow, S. B. A. S. wosig, humidus, succulentus ; Teut. voos, vooghs, voosch, spongiosus ; 'ooose torveii, cespites fungosi, S. B./o;^ tares. Vodsigh, palustris, marshy ; Isi. vos, aquositas, vuesc, vak/a, humiditas. Foss, id. Verel. Ind. vo. Fos. FRA, Fray, Era E,/)7v/). i.From.S. O.E.A.Bor. Thai na mete thar within had, Bot as thai fra thair fayis wan. Barbour, iii. 447. MS. The third tcllis \\o\y fratj Troyis cite The Troianjs carr}!! wer throwout the se. Dnug. f'irgil, 12. 3.'?. The speat may bear away Frae afFlhe houms your dainty rucks of hay. Rumsaj/'s Poems, ii. 82. 2. After, from the time time that ; used elipti- cally. Than thocht he to have the leding Off all Scotland, but gane saying, Fra at the Brwce to ded war brocht. Barbour, i. 581. MS. V. also ix. 110. 710. Syne neyst he thowcht to be kyng, Fra Dunkanys dayis had tane endyng. IVyntovm, vi. 18. 29. 3. Since, seeing. It is still used in this sense, S. The king, /ra Schyr Ayracr wes gane, Gadryt his menye euirilkan. Barbour, viii. 1. MS. V. Wyntoun, ix. 7. 3. Thai said it suld ful der be boght. The land that thai war flemid fra. MinoVs Poems, p. 3. Callander derives this from Su.G. fram, pror. sum. But it is more natural to trace it to fraa, a, ab, ex, A. S. Isl./r«, id. It seems almost certain, that the origin is MoesG. fuirra, longe, which Ulph. often uses in the same sense with fram ; as, Ni ajjidja fairra alh, departed not from the temple, Luke, ii. 37. Thus fra seems merely an abbrevia- tion of fairra, as denoting change of place or dis- tance. There is a striking analogy between this and Lat, pro, as well as Gr. wafoe. FRAAT, conj. Nevertheless, however ; a corr. ^ oi for a' that, S. That's unco luck, but gueed I sanna ca't ; FRA And yet intill't there something couttntfraal. Ross's Helenorc, p. 48. FRACK, Frak, Freck, adj. i. Readv, active, diligent. The riche and pure he did alyke regaird, Punist the euill, and did the gude rewaird. He wald not lat the Papists cause ga bak, Gif it were just, bot wald be forhim/rnl. Diallog, Honour, Gude Fame. I'jf;. p. i'>. — I am assurit had ilk preichour Into the mater bene as frak As ye haue bene heir, sen ye spak, It had not cum to sic ane held As this day we se it proceid. Bot I can se few men amang thamc, Thocht all the warld suld clene ouirgang tharae. That hes ane face to speik agane Sic as the kirk of Christ prophane. Ibid. p. 29. Hence, Frakly, adv. Hastily. Na mare he said : but wounder /raiV^ thay Vnto thare labour can thnme al addres. Doug. Virgil, 258. (j. 2. It is still used in a sense nearly allied. A freck carl, or & freck auld man, is a phrase com- monly applied to one, who although advanced in life, retains a considerable degree of vigour and activity ; S. B. 3. Open, ingenuous; as E. ^/vf is used. " The first Lord that ever was specified in the summons, was Lord David Lyndesay of the Byres, because he was most familiar with King James III. and was frackest in his opinion, and used himself most manfully in his defence against his enemies." Pitscottie, p. 96. To MAiK FRACK, to be diligent in preparation, to make ready. " Thir thingis newlie ratefoit, the merchantis maik/raci to saill, and to thair traffique, quhilk be the trouble of weirs had sum yeirs bein hinderit." Knox, p. 33. " The said Johnne [Chatirhous] maid frack for the persuit ; and upoiin the Magdalene day, in the morning anno 1543, approchit with his forcis." Ibid. |.. 39. Lord Hailes views zsrak, tsrek as the same with this ; observing, that it is frequently used by theScot- tish writers. " Knox," he observes, p. 35, " says, The merchantis maikfraci to sail. — This is plainly the same word. To maikfraci, is to load a cargo. Hence the modern vrord freight." Bann. P. Note, p. 304. But this learned writer has mistaken the sense of frack. This appears from the structure of the language. The phrase, maik frack, governs these words, " to thair traffique," as well as " to sail." Besides, it fol- lows in the next sentence, " From Edinburgh were fraiichtit twelf shippis," &c. According to analo- gy, Knox must therefore have written, " maik fraught." According to Lord Hailes's interpreta- tion, in what sense did Chatirhous " maikfraci for the pursuit?" Did he bring his forces by water? The contrary is evident from the passage. I may add, that in a MS. of Knox, apparently as old as the first edition, the phrase is rendered, "The merchantis maid preparationis to saill." 3 L2 1' II A Fret ocruri- in O. K. in the sense of ready or eager, Ourt king and liis men licld tho fcldo — Wiih lordcs and with knyijhtcs keuc, And other duijhly men bcdene, That war full//o* to liglit. — Holh arhlast and many a bow War ready railed npon a row, And full J'ltk for to light. Minot's rutins, fl'urtuii's IJixt.'iVi. 104. The term is certainly allied to Su.G. fraeci, ala- ccr, strenuus. Isl. J'ick-r, strenuus, citus, innitens operi ; fick-a, celero, ut ficku sparid, accelerarc gradirm, to quicken one'* pace. To Frak, v. n. To move swiftlj, — The Troianis/r«/iA:ii ouer the flndc. Doug. Virgil, 14. 11. Now quha was blyth bot Mnesthcus full yore, (Juhilk— /ra/.-Ai't fast throwout the opin see, Als swiftlyo as the dow aflrayit dois flc. — Ibid. 134. 38. Kudd. dcriTcs it from A. S. fraec, profugus, or Teut. rrut7i<, vectio. Sibb., without the slightest reason, refers iojiaggis of lire, as if synon. The origin is certainly the same with that of Frack, (j. v. FRACTIOUS, adj. Peevish, fretful ; applied to the temper, S. hn./ractus. FRAGALENT, adj. Advantageous, profitable, Ang. To FRAY, V. n. To be afraid. " Tliis and the convoy of it make us tremble for fear of division. — Tliir thingis make us/ray," Bail- lie's Lett. i. 80. The I'v. V. formed from Fr. effray-er, thus receives a nent. sense. It is used actively by thesame writer. Fray, x. Fear ; Fr. effray, effroy. '' Great were \\\ii frays of this ])eople, and their tears to God iilciitiCiil." Baillie's Lett. ii. 69. FRAYDANT, adj. (juhateir thair wyfes dois them demand, Tliay wirk it many wayis ; At Jraydanl at the man, Qnliil thay bring him onr stayis, Muitland Poems, p. 1 88. This, according (o Mr Pink, may be quarrel, some; which indeed seems to be the sense. But I ■would not derive it from fray, but .\. S. frcoth-an, to fret, to chafe, of which it may be the part. pr. : q, frcothvnd. " They are still fretting, till they make him surmount all his obstacles, or every thing that k(s their designs." Or there may be an allu. sion lo the nautical term stays. FRAYING, s. Bot or all wp clumbcne war thai, Thai that war wachys till assay. Hard steriiii;, and priue speking, And ahyfti fraying ollarmyng. Barbour, x. 653. This may signify, rubbing of armour, or the rat. tling occasioned l>y collision ; Fr. fruy-cr, Delg. vryv^en, to rub. I'his is mentioned by Johnson as one sun«e of K. fray ,- although he gives no autho- rity. The word in MS., however, seems rather fraptng; from Fr. fupp.er, to hit, to strike. In edit. ItJiO. it is rendered /rf/Wf/nr, which is more obscure than atiy of the other readings. F Ii A FRAYIT,/>fl»7./'. Afraid; Wall. Doug. V.Frav. To FRAIK, V. n. To flatter, to -wheedle, Ang. Fife. Yet some will //•«?*, an' say, " My dear, O how I do adore you." A. Douglas's Poems, p. 70. Fraik, s. Much ado in a flattering sort of way. He maii a great fraik, he pretends great re- gard, Ang. I'erhaps from the E. s. freak, which some derive from A. S. fraec, pcriculosus. FR A I L, X. E.xpl . fail, Gl . The sheep, tho pleugh, the/r«??, declare The employments wiiilk they courtit. Rev. J. Nicol's Poems, ii. 5. This seems merely a provincial corr. S. A. To FRATS, V. n. To make a cracking or crash- ing noise. Sone eftir this of men the clamor rais, The takillis, grassiilis, cabillis can frate and frais. Doug. Virgil, 15. 45, Rudd. olfcrs various conjectures as to tho origin of this word ; Fr. ecraser conterere, croissir crc. pitare, /7-oiv.vi, id. Ihre refers to Gr. ^ei^xl^-eftxi. id. To FRAK, V. «. To move swiftly. V. under FraCK. To FRAME, V. n. To succeed. " — That indeed the defender dhl express his dis. F R A F R E like if'ith flicir enterprise, as a biisiacss wJiich could not frame, and that it had been wisdom to have stayed all moving till the event of the Dutch war had been seen." Infunuation for Marq. Argyle, Wodrovv's Hist. i. 50. A.S. frem-ian, valerc, prodesse ; " to profit, to serve or be good for ;" Somner. FRAMET. V. Fremyt. FRANCHIS, s. Sanctuary, asylum. The king syne schcw to bim the haly schaw, Quhilk Strang Romulus did reduce and draw In uinnercof /Va/ic/iu or of sanctuary. Doug. Virgil, 253. 52. Fr. franchise, id. Rudd., on the authority of Hottoman, mentions h. U. fraiicisia as used in the same sense. The origin is Geim.J'raiit, liber. To FRANE, Frayn, v. a. To ask, to inquire, to interrogate. Part. pr./ra/iaiiJ. Quhen it dois cam, all men dohfrane. Dunbar, Maiiland Foems, p. 118. And al enragit gan efter harnes/ra«e, Armour al vvitles in his bed sckis he. Doug. Virgil, 223. 15. Now speris he franand with all his micht, To knaw Eneas wandring be these. IM. 319. 3G. Freyned, enquired; P. Ploughman. Somucr ob- serves that Frane is used in the same sense, Lancash. A. S. fraegn-ian, MoesG. fraihn-an, Su.G. fracgn-a, lii. frcgn.a, interrogare. It occurs in a more primitive form in Aleni./r\i.G.fiae, id. Frake, s. Interrogation, inquiry. (julien that scbo spak, her toung was wonder sle, — llir frane was ctiverit with ane piteous face, Quhilk was the causs that oft I cryit, allace ! Uannatync MH. Chrvn. S. P. iii. 235. V. the V. To FRATE, v. n. The takJUis, grassillis, cabillis can fratc and frais. Doug. Virgil, 15. 44. Rudd. renders this won! as if it denoted a noise or cracking, that made by the rubbing of cables, and were synon. with frais. It might indeed be traced to Isl. /;•«?.« fremcre. But it seems rather to sig- nify the rubbing itself (and /;•«/» the noise made by it) corresponding to A. S.frcotli-an, fricare ; Su.G. fraet-a, to wear, to gnaw, to corrode. To FRAUGHT, Frawcht, v. a. To freight, S — " And at nanc of our Soucrane Lordis liegis tak schippis to fraucht vnder colour to defraud our Soucrane Lord nor his liegis." Acts Ja. IV. M8S. c. 11. Kdit. 1566. c. 3. Murray. Johnson mentions this as a o. used in E. "/or freight, by corruption." But it is evidently the ancient form. Teut. vracht-cn, vectare, vectura oneraro. Mod, Sax. fracht.cn, Sw. frakt-a, id. Germ, frett-en, onerare, whence Seren. derives l&\.fracie, rudens, a cable. Fraucht, Frawcht, s. i. The freight of a vessel, that with which it is loaded, S. A bate su!d be on ilke syde For to Mayt, and tak the tyde. Til mak thame/rarocAi, that wald be Fra land to land be-yhond the se. Wi)ntov:n, vi. 18. 217. 2. The fair, or price of a passage, S. " Tarry brceks pays no fraught ,-" S. ProT. " People of a trade assist one another iijutually." Kelly, p. 318. Tent, vracht, Sw./rait, freight. Frauchtisman, s. One who has the charge of loading a vessel. — " And this to be serchit be the offieiaris of the burgh, and the hcid /rauchfisme7t of the schip." Acts Ja. III. 1487. c. 130, Edit. 1566. Frauchtes. men, Murray, c. 103. FRAWART, Frawartis, prep. From, con- trary to. Sche thame fordriuis, and causis oft go wyll Frazcart Latyne. Dovg. Virgil, 14. 6. Thy self or thame thovifraxeartis God remouis. Ibid. 95. 43. A. S. framKcard, aversus, Rudd. Rather from fru, and t^eard. Germ, wart, a terminatiou denoting place or situalion. FRAWFULL, adj. How cvir this warld do change and vary, Laf us in hairt nevir moir be sary j Bot evir be reddy and addrest ; To pass out of this fra:cfull fary. Dunbar, Bannatync Poems, p. 59. This Lord Hailes renders " froward, untoward." If this be the meaning, it may be from A. 'i.fraefel, fracvot, praecox, Genn. yrrtci-e/, Alem. fraeuuili, id. But it is doubtful, if the terra does not merely signify , fraj/.full, q. full of frays. To FRE, V. n. Be thou vexit, and at undir. Your freinds viWfre and on yow wondir. Maiiland Poems, p. 134. Given by Mr Pink, as not understood. It may signify, make enquiry; Su-G./zy/, \%\. frae. V. Franc. Or perhaps for fray, take fright, stand aloof. FRE, adj. Noble, honourable. Schir Ranald come son till his sister/re, Welcummyt thaim hayme, and sperd of hir en- tent. Wallace, i. 329. MS. It seems to bear this sense in the following pas- sage, as being connected with noble, and contrasted with pure. To play with dyce nor cairts accords To the, bot with thy noble lords, Or with the Queue thy moder/rt'; To play with pure men disaccords. To King James V. Bannatyne Poems, p.' 146. St. .5. Mr Ellis observes that " free, in old English, is almost constantly used in the sense of noble or gen- teel." Spec. ii. 32. The same observation, I think, applies to S. MoesG. /«■->, liber, A. S. freah, Belg. vrij, Germ. frei, id. FRE, adj. Beautiful, handsome. The Archebyschaj e of Yhork than — F R E CrownyJ with solempnytc Dame Maldc, that suet Laily/rc. WytUoicn., tH. 4. 48. The term, however, may here signify, noble. Of Yfioiide than spekctli he. Her [)rise ; Hon schc was gent and/;T, Of love was non so wise. Sir Tristrem, p. 83. Su.G.//(V/, pulcher, anc./r/,- Isl./ryrf, Germ. /r«-i/, Be!g./r(ia/; C. B.#ram, Arm./rfl«, id. It has been supposed, with considerable probability, that the term as used in this sense, has some relation to Frcy-a, the Gothic name of Venus, whence our FrUai/, Lat. dies /'t'Hcrj.f; whence also, according to Ihre, the word/rH, originally denoting a, woman of rank, although now applied indiscriminately ; Isl./r_y, matrons ; Teut. irouue, doraina, hera, nia. gistra. "PRE, s. A lady. I followit on that /re, That semelie was to se. Maitland Poems, p. 205. This is merely thcadj. ; apparently, as signifying noble, which both in S. and O. E. is often used Mibst. like «r/c/i/, clere, kc. V. Frely. To FREATH, v. n. To foam, to froth, S. O rare 1 to sec thee fizz ^nd freath ! Burns, iii. 1 5. To Freath, v. a. To work up into froth, to make suds for washing, S. See the sun Is right far up, and we've not yet begun To freath the graitli. Ramsai/s Poems, ii. 86. Freath, s. Froth ; as that of soap for washing clothes, S. S u .G . frada, Dan . fraadc, frae, spuma. FRECHURE, s. Coolness. The breathless flocks drawcs to the shade, And J'rcchure of their fald ; The startling nolt, as they were madde, Runiies to the rivers cald. A. Hume, Chron, S. P. iii. 388. Ft. fraischure, id. FRECK, adj. V. Frack. FREDFULL, adj. Ke^id frend/ulL Friendly. Gud Wallace bone throu a dyrk garth hym hyit, And till a liouss, quhar he was wont to ken, A wedow duelt y/a.^ frendfiill till our men. Wallace, ix. 1379. MS. FREE, adj. l. Brittle, as applied to stones, wood, &.C. S. B. 2. Free corn is that which is so ripe as to be easily shaken, S. B. Sw./rort, friabilis, anc.J'raehn : but our term, I fuspect, is merely E./rct', used in a peculiar sense, .IS denoting what may be easily liberated by a change of its present state. ']'o FREESK, V. a. To scratch, to rub roughly to curry, Ang. A. Bot. /ridge, to fret, to rub in pieces. Teut. vrj/v-cii, to rub. F R E Frf.Esk, s. A hasty rub ; metapb. any piece of work done expeditiously, Ang. FREIK, Frekic, Prick, s. l. Mr Pink, renders this, man. But it is certainly too indefinite. For the term is frequently used in such connexion as to suggest the idea of a strong man, or an in- trepid man, one who is fit to appear with hon- our on the field of battle. Had never Icid of this land, that had been levand, Maid ony feute before, /rci't, to fulfil 1 suld sickirly myself be consentand. Ga-can and Gol. ii. 10. Wondir freschly tha.\frekis fruschit in feir. Ibid. St. 20. It is applied to Arthur and all his noble atten, dants. Thus to fotc ar thei faren, thes/refce? unfayn. Sir Gatsan and Sir Gal. i. 7. I sail boidword, but abaid, bring to you heir, Gif he hefrick on the fold, your freynd, or your fay. Gawan and Gol. i. 5 Freik, edit. 1 508. Than Wallace said, with sobir wordis, that tid, Schir, I am scik, for Goddis lufl' latt me ga. Langrastell said, Forsuth it beis nocht sa ; A fclloune freik thow semys in thi fair. Wallace, ii. 395. MS. Derfly to dede teylefreki/s thar he dycht. Ibid. V. 965. MS. I was within thir sextie yeiris and sevin, Ane freik on feld, als forss, and als fre, ^ Als glaid, als gay, als ying, als yaip as yie. Henrysone, Bannati/ne Poetns, p. 131. st. 4. Quhat/re/A: on fold sa bald dar maniss me ? Henry sone. Ibid. p. 134. st. 2. This designation is given to Conscience, in P. Ploughman. I am fayne of that forward, sayd the/reAre than. Fol. 17. b. Su.G. fraeck, alacer, strenuus. Isl. frek.r, id. Tho at badi vaeri sterker ocfrekner; although they ■were at the same time robust and active ; 01. Tryggu. S. ap. Ihre; Dan. /ret, daring. 2. A fellow ; but, as Sibb. has observed, " more commonly a petulant or forward young man." — — Quod I, Loune, thou leis. Ha, wald thou fecht, quod the frcii, we haue bot few swordis. Doug. Firgil, 239. a. 27. The wyiTs keist up ane hiddwous yell, Quhen all thir younkeris yokkit ; Als ferss as ony fyre flauchts fell, Freiks to the Qeld thay flokkit. Chr. Kirk, st. 21. Chron. S. P. Su.G. fraeck, in like manner, is used in two dif- ferent senses ; signifying not only strenuus, hut tu. midus, insolens. The first may be viewed as tho ori- ginal sense. In different Northern dialects, it seems primarily to have denoted a man of real valour, and afterwards to have been applied to onr who only pre- tended to be so, who acted in a thrasonical way. Wachter indeed defines Germ, freck, nimis liber, ine- tu et pudore solutus ; deriving it from A. S. freuh, freak, free. If this be the etymon, the hypothesis given above must be inverted. F II E F R E A. Si.fraec.genga, denotes a fugitive, a renegado ; also, a glutton : and ge-frec-nan, exasi)erari, which Hickes deiives from Goth, fraeck. This has also boon viewed as the origin of \\. freak. FREIRIS, s. A friary, or convent of friars. " Als sone as the Bruce had red thir writingis, he inquirit diligentlie quhair the Cumin wes. This ser- uand suspeckand na euill, schew that he wes in the freiris of Diinfreis." Bcllend. Cron. B. xiv. c. 7. Choro Fratrum Minorum ; Boeth. Fr. fierie, id. frairie, fra/ries, L. B. frali'cia; Du Cange. To FREITH, Freth, v. a. To protect, to assist. Nouthir Troianis, nor Rutuliaiiis/rfjV/i will I ; Lat aithir of thame tharc awin foitoun stand by. Dong, f'irgtl, 317. 25. A. i>. frith-ian, protegere. To FREITH, V. a. To liberate, to set free. The rycht is ouris, we suld mor ardent be; I think tofreitk this land, or cllis de. fVullacc, ix. 820. MS. la other editions it is changed io free. Quhen thai had biynt all trc werk in that place, %Vallace gcrt freilh the wemen, off hys grace; To do thaim harm neuir his purpos was. Ibid. ix. 1313. MS. Frethit, Wyntown, ix. 21. 59. This word is used by Hardyng, to denote the li. beration of a captire. Then was Humfrey crle of ]lerford frethcd clene, And enterchauugt'd for kyng Robertis wyfe. That holden was in England then full ryfe. Citron. Fol. 170. a. I hare not observed that A. S. frith-ian is used in this sense. The y. is ge-fn'tlt-ian, liberare; Su.G. frcot, free, //7i/, liberty. FREIT, Freet, Fret, J. A superstitious notion, or belief, with respect to any action or event as a good or bad omen, S. It is pronouncedy/v/, S. B. Loth, freit, generally elsewhere. Syne thai herd, that Makbeth aye In fantown/rc?/i had gret fay, And trowtli had in swylk fantasy, Be that he trowyd stedfastly Nevyre dyscumfyt for to be, Quhill wyth hys eyne he suld se The wode browcht of Brynnane To the hill of Dwnsynane. JVj/iitonn, vi. IS. 362. 2. A superstitious observance or practice, meant to procure good or evil, a charm, S. " His [thediucls] rudiments, I call first in gene- rail, all that which is vulgarly called the vertue of word, herbc, and stone, which is vsed by vnlawfull charmes, without naturall causes ; as likewise all kind of practiques, frciles, or other extraordinary actions, which cannot abide the trew touch of natu- rall reason. — Unlearned men (being naturally curi- ous, and lacking the trew knowledge of God) iinde these practises to proue trew, as sundrie of them will doc, by the power of the diuell for deceiuing men, and not by any inherent vertue in these vainc wordes and freilex." K. James's Works, Daemonologie, p. 9b. 100. 31 Any thing performed as ao act of religious worship, that has no other origin than super- stition. — In hys lettrys said he thane, That the pepil of Ireland Wnfaythful wes and mystrowand, And lede thame all he frelis wyle, NoH'cht be the lauche of the Ewangyle. PVi/ntoxan, vii. 7. 223. But holie water in the ayre to tosse. And with the finger heere and there to crosse, Scorne thou, as fruitlesse/ree^v, least Sathan slight. And scorne such weapons should resist his might. Morels True Cruc/fix, p. 170. 4. This word is also used in a kind of metaph. sense. To stand m /rets, to stickle at trifles, to boggle at slight matters, which deserve as little attention as any superstitious notion or rite, S. B. Fouk need not onfrc/s to be standing., That's woo'd and married and a'. Song, added to Roy>'s Helenorc, p. 147. The idea thrown out by K. James occurs in the old ballad, Adam o' Gordon. Wha luik to frcits, my master deir, Frcits ay will follow them. Pink. Select S. Ballads, i. 49. It is thus expressed in prose : — " lie that (ollov/s f reels, frcets will follow him;'' 5. Prov. Kelly, p. 128. This Prov. contains an observation founded on ex- perience. We are not to suppose that those who framed it, believed the efficacy of superstitious rites. But they must at least have meant to say, that those, whose minds are under the influence of superstition, being continually on the watch, will observe many things as ominous or fatal, which are entirely overlooked by others; and thus produce to them- selves a great deal of unhappiness. It may have been meant, however, to express something farther, which is not less true; that God, in his righteous provi- dence, often suffers those who neglect a more sure testimony, and give their minds to omens and super- stitious observances, to meet with such things as seem to confirm them. Thus he threatens to choose the delusions of a disobedient and idolatrous people, and to give them what they seek, altars for sin. Mr Macpherson on this word refers to A\em.J'ris/- an, to interpret. But there seems to be no afhnity. According to Sibb., " perhaps from ^icaad. fraegd, fania, rumor ; or q\\a.si frights." There is not the least foundation for the latter hypothesis ; which is that given by Ritson, who referring to the Prov. al. ready mentioned, thus explains it; " Those to whom things appear /;7f/((/"«; or ominous, will be always followed by frightful or ominous things ;" Scotish Songs, Gl. In mentioning/rae^rf, Sibb. has come nearer to the truth. For Isl. frelf, which signifies a rumour, in the plural denotes oracles, pro- phecies, or responses of the dead ; Edda Saemund. It is used in the same sense, Landnamabok, p. 13. This is very nearly related to our term ; as it seems primarily to denote a notion founded on oracular au- thority ; and in a secondary sense, an omen, or one thing portentous of another. The Isl. term, by some Northern Etymologists, has been derived from/;c^, F R E diidio; impcrf. /rae, which is viewed as radically the >ame with Gvrm.frageii, interrogation. The con. luxion, iiideid, is very intimate; a great part of ulial we hear being iu consequence of interrogation. With all due deference, however, to the Northern writers, because of their suncrior ofiportunities of in. formation, I am much inclined to think that Isl. fratttyfrctt, an omen or oracle, is immediately from friutU; percipio, interrogo, relatu acquiro ; G. Andr. p. 78., and that both are allied to Su.G. Isl. fraedc, wisdom, crudita institutio ; i'Tomfraede cru- dio, certioreni et gnarum facio; Ibid. p. 76. Kenna heilog fraedt, to know sacred wisdom ; Tryggu. S. ap. ihrc. This corresponds to MoaG.frath-jan, cognoscerc, sapcre ; frathi, sapicntia. It was very natural for an ignorant people, to appropriate the character of aisdom to those who were supposed to be most versant in omens and portents; just as our ancestors used the phrase, a zci/ss zsife, for denomi- nating a witch. The very term tcitch has been sup- posed to have a similar origin. It is at any rate ana- logons to Viis. icit-vrouzcc, tiitilcezcjjfe, muliersciola. 1 mention this only as the more immediate origin of ls\. frclt. For Ihre traces /racrfr, and the other terms expressive of wisdom, to fraa, fruag-a, interrogarc. Freitty, Fretty, ar(/. Superstitious, given to the the observation oifreits, S. FRELAGE, s. Freedom, power ; privilege. Quhat God has to him grantit Ac frclegc / Doug. Virgil, 177. 31. Still used in ShefTield, Ray. Freelcge, A. Bor. id. Rudd. derives it from Fr. E. privilege. But it seems more closely allied to iicTm.frilat:, free : frci.gclas. sen, a free man ; A\cm.f!)l(nin, frilazin, a free girl. Du Cange derives /n7«?: from A. ^.frcuh and les-an, to send away, manumittere. Su.G.fracls, Isl. f rials, free. FRELY. Frelyfute. Then schippyt thai, for owtyn mar, Sum went till ster, and sum till ar, And rowyt be the ile of But. Men mycht se mofiyf relj/fiilc About the cost, thar lukand. As thai on ayris raiss rowand. Harbour, iii. 578. MS. This seems ior f rely f ode or ftide, a common phrase in ancient poetry, denoting a person, and es|)ecially a female of high birth. These may be here poetically introduced, as witnessing the exertions of Bruce and his men. V. Fook. FRELY, i. A beautiful woman ; the adj. used as a s. To Kerle he thus argownd in this kind, Bot gret desyr rcmaynyt in till his mynd. For to btliald tliat//c7y oflfassoun. Wallace, V. C.53. MS. A.^.freolic, liberalis, ingenuus; 'I'eut.fraj/cl/eli:, belle, pulchre, e!eg;inter; Kilian. h\. fridkik-r, beauty. V. Fia;, ailj. 1. FRELY, FRiiELY, adv. Intirely, completely, S. Then qnho sail wirk for warld's wrak, Quhcn (hide and lyre. s;ill our it frak, And //•(,■/;/ frnstir feild and furc, With tempest kene and hiddous crak ? Dunbar, Bannat^nc Poems, p. 73. F R E Used in the same sense by Wyntown ; and S. B. as augmentingthesense,/;'ee/yisc//, quite well, very well. [She] did her jobs sae./Vee/y canny, That mony aue laments poor Nanny. Shirrefi'' Poems, p. 266. fiu.Cr.friliga is used as an affirmative, utique, oci. nino; Germ, frei/lich, assuredly. FREMYT, Fremmyt, adj. l. Strange, foreign ; S./rem, S. A. lior./remd. O fader maist dere Anchises, desolate why left thou me here Wery and irkit iu a.nefremmj/t land ? Doug. Virgil, 92. 29. Frem folks, strangers, S. Afremdbody, a stran- ger, S. B. Fremed,frim, peregrinus, Lincoln. 2. Acting like a stranger, keeping at a distance, S. " Better my friend think mo framet, than fashi. ous ;" S. Prov. Kelly, p. 72. i. e. it is better that one should see his friend seldom, than be trouble- some with his visits. 3 Having no relation or affinity, ^uite fremd^ nowise related, S. " 'izoX\% frem, cui sihh op- ponitur;" Rudd. A. Bor. /rem^df/remt, "■ f^t off, not related to ;" Gl. Grose. V. Frend. 4. Unlucky, adverse. Sa infortunate was we tha,tfremi/( day, That maugre ])lainly quhethir we wold or no. With strong hand by forse schortly to say, Of inymyis taken and led away We wcren all, and broucht in thaire contree. Kinfs Qtiair, ii. 5. It is used by R. Glouc. and Langland. That chyld wax so wel & ythen, as seyde freaule & sybbe. That he wolde be a noble mon, yyf he moste lybbe. P. 346. Lightlyc that they leaucn, losels it habbeth, Or dieth intestat, and the bishop cntreth, And makith mirth theirmidde, and his men bothe. And siggcnhewas an niggard that no good might spare To frend ne to fremid, the finde haue his soule. P. Ploughman, Fol. 79. a. Germ. A. S.fremd, A]cm. frem ider, Belg. vremd, Siw.G.frarmmande, MoesG.framathja, peregrinus; all from the Goth. prep. /ram, signifying //-oot ; as Gr. £|«Tix«5 from sx; and Lat. extents, from c, ex, to which fountain the E. word, stranger, may also be traced, as corr. in passing through the medium of Fr. from Lat. cxtraneu.w Fremitnes, Fremmitkes, s. Strangeness, dis- tance of conduct. My collar rent is be Dame Fremitnes, The prenis thairof ar reft be sad Nysenes. Lament. Lady Scot I. A. iii. b. i. e. niccness, pride, personified. Bot outher man I use scurrilitic ; Or els sic straunge and wnconth fremmitncs, That I wait nocht quhane to mak merincs. Maitlnnd Poems, p. 152. V. Fremjjt, 2. FRENCH-GOWS, s. pL A piece of female dress, apparently used in the seventeenth cen- tury ; perhaps gause. For she invents a thousand toys, That house, and hold, and all destroys;- - F R E F R E Frcnch.gows cut out and double banded, Sec. JVatsoit's Coll. i. 30. V. TuFr. FREND, Friend, s. i. A relation, S. The Lordys that tymc of Ingland, That than remaiiyd qwik lyvaiid, Menyd be-for the Kjng rycht sare Tharc kyne, thare/rc/if/yt, that peryst ware. fVj/ntoiiii, vii. 10. 334. " Friends agree best at a distance ;" S. Prov. " This is spoken of rehitions, who agree best when there is no interference of interests." Kelly, p. 103. 2. A connexion, one allied by marriage, S. " Make /;7(/;f/^ of frauiet folk ; S. Prov. spoken to dissuade people from marrying those who are their kindred." Kelly, p. 2 17. Su.G. fraeitde, freiiUe, Isl. frendi, a kinsman. This is the proper sense ; although it is extended both to allit's and to friends. V. Ihre, aud G. Andr. p. 77. Tout, vviende agnatus, cognatus. Rudbcck de. rivcs/.-rtCHrf consanguincus, from /"rue, semen, quasi sanguine eodcm nati ; Atlantic. P. 11. 570. A. S. frcond is merely tlie part. pr. of fre-on am a re ; amans, amicus. Lye; q. a loving person. AVachter views Alem._/'/7»«/, and (.Wvm.JieunJ, id. as contr. from the part, offrci/.cii, to love. MoesG. frijonds occurs only in the sense of ami- cus. But it has the same relation to thi; v. frt'-j on amare, Ijcing the part. pr. For the sentiment, ex- pressed by itj applies to the term as used in both senses; as we are bound by the ties of love both to relations and to friends. FRENYIE, s. A fringe. — Frcni/cis of fyne silk fret tit full fre. Gazcan and Gul. ii. 1. Tent. /re?i.^/e,/rcj!/e, fimbria, lacinia ; Kilian. To FRENN, v. n. To be in a rage, Ang. Frennisin, s. Rage, violent passion, Ang. ; per- }iaps from Fr. phrcnesic madness, E. phrensy. FRENSGHLY, adv. Frankly, readily. — Cast this vther bukc on syde ferby, Quhilk vnder cullour of sum strange wyclit So frtnfch!^ leycs, vneth tuo wordis gdis rycht. Doii^. Virgil., 7. 54. Gurm. /ran /c, libor. FRENSWM, adj. Friendly. Tlie Kvng of Ingland Held sic freudschcpe and cumpany To thare Kyng, that wes worthy. Thai trowyd that he, as gud nychtborc, And a^/ienncm com posy tore, AVald hawe jugyd in law te. lVj/nloi.}n, viii. 2. 5'2. To FREQUENT, v. a. To acquaint, to give in- formation, Ang. An improper use of the E. or Fr. v. instead of ac- cuaint. * FREQUENT, adj. Great; as respecting con- course of people ; q. well-attended. " 'i"he noblemen, gentlemen, and ministers of the Vv'est and South, did meet in frequent number." Baillie'b Lett. i. 16. '■' To-morrow, in Stirling, is expected a, frequent council." Ibid. p. 37. FsEQUEKTi.Y, G.il\ In a great or considerable iiuaibex. "The noblemen- — came in froqucntli/ against the afternoon." Baillie's Lett. i. 34. FRER, Frere, s. a frier. J.eryd and lavvde, nwne ^nA frere, All wes slayne wyth that powere. Wi/ntoxon, viii. 11. 87. Vt. frere, id, * FRESH, adj. Open ; applied to the weather, as" opposed to frost ji, S. "■Fresh Keatlier ; open weather." Sir J. Siii- clair's Observ. p. 49. " Our winters — have been open a.ndfrcik, as it is termed." P. Carapsie, Stirlings. Statist. Ace. xv. 319. N. FRESH, J-. A smaller flood in a river, S. " Interrogated, Whether the river, when there ij TL fresh in her, does not partly run down said Allochv Grain ? — depones, that when th,' river is in a sp; at, as much af her will run down the Allochy Grain as would make an ordinary summer water." Stale, Leslie of Powis, &c. p. 62. " Whether, when there is a spoat or fredi in the river, it is not his opinion that the said dyke has a tendency to throw the waters of the river over upon the Frascrfield side." Ibid. p. 104. 1G5. Here used as synon. with speed. But I apprehend that it is not, in its general use, quite so strong, but more properly synon. with Fliithcr, q. v. FRESON, s. A freke, oi> afreson, him folowed in fay : 'I'hvjrean was aferod for drcde of that fare. Sir GiKsiin and Sir Gal. ii. 5. Gawan, his steed being skilled, orders bis frcson to be brought, st. 17. Go feeche me my Freson, fairest on fote. He may stonde the in stoure in- as mekic stede. From the connexion, it certainly denotes a horse of some kind, perhaps a palfrey, as being used in place of the charger. Yr.frison, "a man, or horse, of Frizeland;" Cotgr. To FREST, Frestin. V. Fraist. FREST, s. Delay. With that thar bowys away thai kesf, And come on fast, but langerjre.':t. Barbour, vii. 447. MS. This consaill thocht thaim wes to best. Then send thai furlh, bot langer //-ej?. The woman that suld be thar sp)'. Ihid. vcr. 547. MS. Mr Pink, leaves this word without explanation. It is evidently the same ivith 'Sm.G. frest.Jrist, tr:ii. poris intervallum. Triggia nrdlajrist, the space of thi-eedays; Ihre. A. S. _/(;>/-««, to make a truce, lik'raliv, lo grant an iii/erval or cessation of arms ; fijrft. first, time, respite, truce. Hence, according to Somner, fiir.'t, in the laws of Henry 1. c. 46. Nisi de fiirto, vel capitalibus sit, in quibiis statim on- jiorfet rcsponderi, de quibi;sci:nqne iuipUciteliir ali- qiiis. ficrst et fondling hab-.at. These worils, he adds, " denote the respite granted to the criminal, or time for deliberating whether he shall plea burdis v^waw Anti/ict. Doug, f'irgil, 'i09. 18. A. S. /»■(■/ -an, Tout.//T/.c7i, vrcl-cii, id. iMoisG. frel-an, Su.G. J'lacl-a, Alcm.frc:~-ett, GcTm.Jien- €11, couKiit'ri'. FRET, s. A superstition, an omen. V. Freit. VKETHIT, part. pa. Liberated. V. Freith. FREUCH, Frewch, Froocii, (gutt.) adj. i. Frail, britilc ; applied to wood, also to flax in spinning, xvlien the fibres are hard and brittle, S. B. A EoT./roogb, id. " The swindle-trees flew in flinders, as ghi thcj- liad been as Jiciigh as kail-easlaeks.^' Journal from London, p. 5. 2. Drj- ; applied to corn, that has recovered from the eftects of rain in the time of harvest, Ang. 3. Metapli. referring to friendship, fortur.e, 8ic. lla, qulia siild banc art^ance in tliy biis, — ■\Vhilk is alace sa ffrciich and variant ? Pulicc of Honour, i. 7. Wo worth this warldis/re«cA feliritie ! Ibid. St. 50. Ttiis vavld is \ crry frezah. And aulil kyndnes is quyt f'oryett. Jlriiui(t/i/nc Poemx, p. 185. sf. 5. This is probably from the same root with Su.G. frtiekn, friabilis, qui cito dissilif. Rotten hay in Isl. is denominated frac/c and fi'iigg, G. Andr. The firm more tjenerally used for brittle is Frusch, q. v. IREUALT. Read sen/aL (irajm pressyt in anil straik ane Inglis knycht, Bofor the Bruce apon the basnet brycht. That iiriiafl sinii, and all his otliir wcid, Bathe bayii and bra) a the nobill suerd throucli yeid. IValluce, x. 375. MS. Fiho/c, edit. 1C)8, 1G73 and 1758. But «rr. ■.lie is certainly meant, as denoting the iusulViciencv of (he melal of which the basnet was made. I'REWALL, of/J. Frivolous ; used in the sense o( Jici/f. Fy on fortoviii, fy on thi/;('?f«// qnli.'yll, Fy on thai traist, for her it has no l;f(. Wallace, vi. 87. MS, Perhaps Ihni should be read thi. '\'v\\\.ficvft, ■j:icvcI, Fr.frivolc, La.t.frivol.us. FREW P. Cryand Crawis, and Kais, and that crewis the cornt', War ]inir/;c.-.-;) forward That with ilif love of the lard Will into the come yard At even and at morne. Iloulale, i. 15. Dck the second and, in line first, according to MS. ^ The poet here represents the Romish clergy undtr the notion of diflerent kinds of bird';. W liilc pik. w«[c/y are priors, Afj-o«i chanters, &r., auuis and ■iais are only expectants. For they are still crj/hi^ FRY and craving the corn. The csprcssiofi Msd mtist therefore correspond to this allegorical exhibition. Tho meaning evidently is, that llu-y are far behind tliu rest ; as they can have nothing without the Ldiid'i permission. The only idea 1 can form of frewp Ss, that it is from t'r.fi/pc, broker's ware, frippery; also, worn to rags. Puir freiep may have been a phrase used in S. lo deno'e either such trumpery, or a tat. ter-dcmallion. Thus to be puir frewp JorisurA, is to get no farther arccss than a person of tiiis dt'scrip. tion, i. e. to be far behind, to be kept at the backs of others. FREZELL, s. An iron instrument for striking fire. " He is eucr readie to strik fire with his /retell and his flint, if wee will find him tinder." Z.Boyd's Last Battell, p. 1-16(5. FRY, s, A disturbance, a tumult. It sets them well into our thrang to spy ; They'd better whish't, reed I sud raise a.fri/. Ross\^ Ilclcnore, p. 18. This may be merely V..fr(it) varied in pron. Bui Isl. frija signifies querela, and Jrr/-a, frj/g-ia, car. pere, vilipeiulere. FRICK. V. Freik. FRIDOUND, pret. v. Quavered. Compleitly, mair sweitly, SchofriJound flat and schalrp, Nor Muses, that uses To pin Apollo's harp. Cherrie and Slae, st. 7. Fr.frcdonn-cr, to warble or quaver, in singing, or playing on an instrument ; j'rcdon, a semi» quaver ; warbling, quavering, Cotgr. The origin of the Fr. wortl is quite obscure. FRIED CHICKENS, chicken-broth with eggs dropped in it, S. " Fried chickens, properly. Friar's chickens. A dish invented by that luxurious body of men." Sir J. Sinclair's Observ. p. 150. The phrase is thus traced to the raonasfie timc=. FRIEND-STEAD, adj. Possessing a friend. " I am sure, while Christ lives, I am well cnougk friciid-sfead ; 1 hope he will extend his kindness and power for me." Rutherford's Lett. P. 1. ep. 14J. FRIGGIS, s.pL With forks and flales they lait grit flappis, And llang togidder lyk friggis. Chr. Kirk, st. 14. This seems to mean, stout men, fit for war. Ac- cording to this view, frigg is the same with//e?^, sometimes written pick. In Mr Pinkerton's copy, from Mail land MS. it is, i^ilh friggis. This would totally alter the sense. FRYME, Houlate, ii. 5., " seems ryme, prophe- cy, "Pink. But fri/ me is a palpable error of tlie copyist. In IMS. the passage is ; Our SoUerane of Scotlandis armes to knaw, Qiihilk sal be Lord and Ledar Of bred Britaine all quhair, As Sanct Margaretis air. And the sisne scliax. F R I Holland gives two proofs that the king of S. should be sovereign of all Britain ; first, his being heir to S. Margaret, Queen fo Malcolm Caumore, ■nho was of the Saxon blood-royal ; secondly, his armorial sig)i, the lion rampant. He bure a lyoin as lord, of gowlis full gay, Maid maiklos of mycht, on mold quhare he movit. FRIM-FRAM, j-. Expl. " trifle." This word seems to occur only in a work, which breathes so much of the spirit of a party, as to de. sfroy its own credibility. '■ Criticks with their frim-frums and whytie whaties, i:iay imagine a hundred reasons for Abra. ham's going out of the land of Caldea." — Scotch Presb. Eloq. p. 145. It is given as synon. with xchyiie tshatie, and seems to denote a kind of silly shuflliug or tergiver- sation ; formed perhaps by a reduplication of SuG. _/)■(//■!, forward, or as conjoined with fram, from, q. going forward and then backward, to anii. fro. To FRIST, 1'. a. l . To delay, to postpone. In some remarks on Ramsay's Gl., it is said, that '• Fri.it is a mistake for Traist, to trust." Works (jf Sir D. Lyndsay, i. 191. But this is a singular assertion ; as the term is so frequently used by our writers. " I but beg earnest, and am content to suspend and Jrist glory while supper time." Rutherford's P. i. ep. 91. " We friil all cor joys of Christ, till he and we be in our own house above." Ibid. ep. 122. It is also used as v. n. in this sense, " But let faith/rzrf and truit a while." Ibid. P. jli. ep. 48. It may be observed, however, that in these ex- amples, the V. does not signify a simple delay, but one submitted to with confidence ami hope. 2. To give on credit, to grant delay as to pay- ment ; implying the idea of confidence in a per- son^ S. Will ye frist me ? Will you give mo credit for some time, or not ask ready money ? Perths. In some parts, at least, of this county, it is pronounced fint. Sen yhisied goods ar not forgivin, Quhen cup is full, then hold it evin. Montgomcrie, MS. Ckron. S. P. iii. 504. This refers to the S. Prov., " The thing that's fristcd is Jio forginen ;" Kelly, p. 305. " That debt is not forgiven, but fristed: death hath not bidden you farcwel, but hath only left you for a short season." Rutherford, P. il. ep. 6. '* I am content, my faith will Jrist God my hap- piness." Ibid. P. i. ep. 155. Hore there is only a slight deviation from the pri- wary sense. For to give on credit, is merely to detail the exaction of what is owing by another. Su.G. Isl. freit-a, to delay. Beiddu han fresta Ml mor-gin ; Orabant, ut spatium illis daret in diem posteruni ; " They bade him fritt them till the H>orn," S. 01. Tryggu. S. ap. Ihre. Fresimark is the time allowed to a buyer to try the cattle he has purchased. Mark dt>aotes a buundary or limit, FRO whether respecting time or place. Thus the word signifies the term during which the goods are al- lowed on credit. V. Fresimark, Verel. Ind. p. 170. Germ, frist-en, prorogare tempus agendi vel pa. liendi, Wachter. Frist, Fristing, s. i. A delay, suspension. ^' I would subscribe a suspension, and a fri.sting of my heaven, for many hundred years, (according to God's good pleasure) if you were sure in the up- ])er lodgings in our Father's house before me." Rutherford's Lett. P. i. cp. 2. 2. To frist, on credit. Ane dyvour coffe, that wlrry hen, — Takis gudis to frist fra frerait men ; And brekis his obligatioun. Bannatyne Poem.', p. 171. st. 6. A frist, afrist, is used in the same sense, accord- ing to Kelly, p. 32. " a trust." "All ills are good a fritt ;" S. Prov. "The longer a mischief is a coming, the belter." Ibid. But the phrase is rather an illustration of sense first > as signifying, " when delayed." Isl. frest.ur. Germ, frist^ a delay. V. the v, and Fit EST. FRYST, adj. First. This wes the fryst strak off the fycht, That wes perfornyst douchtely. Barbour, xii. 60. MS. This may be an error in MS. as I have met with no other instance. A. S. _^rj<; Su.G. fucrst, id. which, as Ihre observes, is a superlati»e formed from the part, foer, before. FRITTE, s. Hale muder of our makar, and medecyn of miss ! llalefri/le and salve for the synuis sevin ! HoitUite, iii. 7. This is part of an absurd address to the Virgia ^lary. Fritte is left by Mr Pink, as not under- stood. So much merit being ascribed to the Virgin by the church of Rome, it may dcuoto compensa- tion, satisfaction; Germ. friede, Alem.frido, id.; or security, protection, as the same Germ, word also signifies. Su.G. fi id, ii}. A. S. frith, peace, ./>euf, liberty, manumission. This term is retained in O. E. as signifying peace, or rather security from death. That bataile was hard, so men has no frith, Slayn was that coward, & his sonne him with. R. Brunnef p. 90. Isl.froe, however, a.nd.frj;gd, signify, recreatio, morbi vel doloris lenimen ; G. Andr. p. 79. which approaches most nearly to the sense of the conjunct term salve. FRODY, adj. " Cunning," Pink, Quhen freindis meitis, hairtis warinis, Quod Johnie tha.tfrodj/ fude. Lyndsay, S. p. Repr. ii. 105. Teut. <72^o«£/, wise, prudent; htg. frclie. FROG, s. An upper coat, a seaman's coat, a frock. In the begynning oil the nycht. To the castell thai twit Ihair way. With bhkfrogis helyt war thai. Barbour, x. 375, MS< As I that grippit with my crukit haudis, The scharp rolkisi tappis at the sdwrsy .-) M 2 1' II o In iiciiy waie/Vo^ "ita»ie an J char^U forc, '1 hay gan wilii irn wapp) nnis nic innaile. Doug, f'irgil, 170.2. i. c. " Besteail with a heavy wet coat." Ti'ii lliDrtsamI oll.s villi in hhjrog, or IliUml plaiilis, ami niair. Inlciliulc. Urokbis, Ifuiinalj/nc Pcfmy, p. 17 1. O. l'\c\n. J rut- 1;, Icna, siii)rcnia vcstis, Kiliau. Fr. froc. I.. \i. fiociis,/ia ruricolao, nil frocKx religioso. mil lirito. PhiUpp. p. H;8. I had conjocfurcd tlial/yu',' ov/rocl: was of Golli. origin, asrornii'd from A. S. I'occ, Sn.G. Gfnii. rott, litis- fuk, ail oufir s^aruicnt ; and observe that the learned Spi-lnian lias thrown out the same idea. Tcuf. rock at\d Inf-rock, signily a coat. F or v is often prelixed, when a word passes from one lansnase to auoiher. Ihre derives Sii.G. 7-ock from ruiilu l>elg. riiijch. rongh ; as the iiihabitanls of the Northern countries generally wore the skins of ani- mals in their rough state. To FROG, V. n. To snow or sleet at intervals, Ann;. This •>vord is frequently used to denote tlie distant appearance of flying showers, espe- cially of snow, ia the Grampian mountains, to those residing in the plain. Thus they say, If s froggin in the hills. Unless we suppose r to have been inserted, it can- not be viewed as allied to 'Dxw.fog nimbus, nix vcn. io agitata. V'. Seren. vo. Fog. It has more re. semblance to Germ, vcrrauch-cn, to evaporate, to rise in steam or smoke. Frog, s. A flying shower of snow or sleet, Ang. 'J'his is certainly the sense of the word as used by &ir I). IyAnds;iy, although overlooked by Mr Tink. Quhat kin of a w oinan is thy wyfc ? S. A storm of stryfe; A frog that fylis the wind ; A filland tlagg ; a llyrie full"; At ilka pant sche laifis a puff. Phi/;. S. P. Repr. ii. 71. This sense corresponds to stoim,Jlagg,ftijf'. FROG, s. A young horse, more than a year old, but not two, Buchan. Allied perhaps to Teut. rrocgk, properly denoting the morning, but used in composition to signify what is early ; J rocgh ri/p, pracmaturus, praecox. Or, to Su.G.froglh, lactilia, because of tJie play- fulness of colts. To FRONT, 'J. n. Meat is said to front, when it swells in boiling, Ang. FROUNSIT, part. pa. Wrinkled. His (dccfroiin-it, his lyre was lyk the lede, His tethe chattrir, and shivcret with the chin. //t7l^y.w)H<•^^ 7'e.v/. (Jrescidc, Chron. S. P. i. IGC. Fr. //oHv.cr, to wrinkle ; also, to frown. Chaucer uses/z-oMntWo, as signifying, without wrinkles. FROW, X. A lusty woman, S. The word, although used in this peculiar sense in S.. is evidently the same with Germ, fram, IJelg. vri':cc, a woman. Wachter and Ihre view these as deriTcd from .MoesG. //■«///«, a lord, as originally dtfuoiiiig domestic authority. Su.G._//« properly iii£nilie> a woman of rank. V. Fre, adj. 2. F R IT FROWDIE, s. A big lusty woman, S. B. This ninht at first viev/ seem a diniin. from i'Voi-. Uut p.-rhaps it is immediately allien to '^w. frotlig, plump, .jolly. En fct och fred'g kurl, a. fat and ))!ii'np man, Wideg. FROWDIE, s. A cap for the head, wit!i a seam in the back part of it, worn by old wo- men, Ang. Perhaps (j. Su.G./n/-/j/?-, a lady's cloth or cap, as nnlt-tj)^ denotes a nightcap. This piece of dress is also called a .^oxc-htuk j most probably from the resemblance of the hinder part of the cai) to the back of a soic, botli being curved. FRUCTUOS, adj. Fruitful. Thare is ane place quham the Grekis thay sa^ Vnto his name rieris Hisperia, Ane nobill land, rieht potent in batall, And fructiioi grund, plentuos of vittall. Ddiig. Virgil, 29. 44. Lat. fructiios-tis, id. FRUNTY, Fronty, adj. Free in manner, spi- rited ; implying the idea of forwardness, Fife. Davy's a decent thrifty chield, A winsome lad, an' f runt j/. — ^4. Doi/gla^^s Poems, p. Qo. This seems fornicd from Fr. cjf'ronic, impudent, overbold ; although used in a softer sense. 1 need scarcely add, that it is radically allied to K. ef. fronlerjj. 'To FRUSCH, Frwsch, v. a. l. To dash, to strike with violence. Sa wondir frcschly thai itc\h Jruscldt in feir, Throw all the harnes thai hade, Baith birny and brcist pl.ide, Thairin wappynis couth wade. Gai:un and Gal. ii. 20. Frusdiit infcir, i. c. '• crushed, daslied, knock- ed, together." Togiddcr duschis tli* stout stedis attanis, That aihcris coviwtcT fruschit vthcris banys. Doug. Virgil, 386. 17. 2. To breali in pieces. Part. pa. fruschyt, t9 fruschyt. — The crag wes hey, and hidwouss, And the clymbing rycht peralous : For hapnyt ony to slid and fall, He suld sonc be to fruschyt all. Barbour, x. 597. MS. 3. To overthrow, to discomfit ; toyruschit, -prci. The Sothrounc part so frusched was that tide, That in the stour thai mycht na langar bide. 'iFallace, iii. 197. MS. On thame we shout, and in thar niyd rout duschit, Hewit, hakkit, smyte doun, and all tofrunchit Thay fey Giegiouns, on ilk syde here and thare. Doug. Virgil, 51. 53. Sterniraus, Virg. Immediately allied to Fr. froiss-er, to dash, knock, or clatter together; also, to crash, burst, or break in pieces ; to quash ; Cotgr. The Fr. word may perhaps be radically from the Goth.; as Su.G._/r»s-tf signifies, cum fremitu ct elfuse proci- dere. This, however, properly denotes the violent fall of water; although Ihre views it as allied to fracs-a, stridere. V., however, the adj. To Frusch, v. n. To break, to fall to pieces. F U D Ane othir he straik on a basnat of steille; The tre to Tuift tm^i/ziixchit ciiirc diille. His stoiiig was tynt, thf Ingliss man was dede. IVciUace, ii. 52. MS. O br\irklc sword, thy mi'tfal was not (nic, 'V\\y fiiuhivg blade nio in this jiilson threw. liainiliun's H'uUiivc, )). 28. Frusch, FRUSIf, adj. Brinle ; T^sfi.nch -ii'ooJ, S. O wae betide tUc/iuyh saiigh wand ! And wae betide the bush of biiai- ! It brake into my true love's hand, When his strength did fail, antl his limbs did tire. Minslrc[i\y Border, ii. 153. Teut. broosch, bruysch, Belg. broos, Germ, brox, C. C brau, Arm. brcsff, Gael. bri.\^, id. Alem. bruzi, britdoness. Kilian not only explains (he Teut. term as signifying fragilis ; caduens ; but, also, praeceps, ferox. The latter sense would seem to marls, some ailinity with Su.G. /riis-a. I need scarcely remind the reader, that _/" and b are very frequently inter- changed. V. the v. F&USCH, s. Breaking, or noiss occasioned by it. Thar wcs offsperis sic brisling. As athir apon othyr raid, That it a wele grct J'rusch lies maiil. Jlorss come thar fruschand heid for hcid, Swa that fclc on the ground fill di'id. Barbour, xvi. lOU. MS. To FRUSTIR, v. a. To render useless, to de- stroy. Than qnho sail wirk for warld's wrak, Quhen Ihide and f \ re sail our it frak, And hdy friiflir iVild and fure? Dunbar, Unniitifj/ne Poemsj- p. 73. i. e. " Render both lield and furrow, or every fur- row of the field, completely useless." Fr. fru:>lr-er, to disapppoint, to frustrate ; Lat. ■fruslr-are. Frustir, adj. 1. Frustrated, disappointed. Thy modyr and thow rycht heir with me satl bide, QuhiH better be, for chance at may bctydc. — Quhat suld I spck of.' frustir as this tyde, For gyft of gud with liim he wald nocht bide. Wallace, i. 313. MS. Edit. l6W,fni/'tralc. It may, however, be used as a s. q. Quhy suld I spek o{ frustir? i. c. of his disappointment. £, Vain, empty, inferior in worth. The frustir luve it blindis men so far. In to thair mynds it makis thame to vary ; — All luve is lost bot upone God allone. Dunbar, Dannatyne Poems, p. 92. st. 12. FUD, FuDE, s. 1. The matrix. O worthi byrth, and blyssyt be thifud; As it is red in prophecy beforn, In happy tym for Scotland thow was born. JVallace, viii. 1640. MS. ■ This word seems to have been still misunderstood by editors, and hence has been absurdly rendered food, in editions, as if meat had been meant. The high compliment here paid to Wallace, apparently contains an allusion to these words, " Blessed be thfi womb that bare thee ;" Luk. xi. 27. FUD A.S. foth, matrix. But we liave the very form of the S. word in lsl./»i/, id.; G. Andr. p. 79. Ilence ls].foed-ait, to be born, D^n./oed-cr afsig, to breed, mifocd-cr to miscarry, focdscl nativity, fucdc-hii, focdc^tfd, the phire of one's nativily; Su.G. Isl. facd-ci, to bring forth, Germ, fod-cn, focd-rn. id. also to be born. Ital. pottu, render, ed by \'eneroni, la nature de la fenniie, and pu/taiici, a whore, have been traced to the same fioth. origin. The aflinity of Gr. (purmat, to gcni:ratej and /3i/t7»j, matrix, has also been remarked. 2. The backside, S. B. They'll friglit ihafuds of tlie porkpuds, For mony a buttock bare's coming. Rilsuit''s S. Songs, ii. 56. The English soldiers are here ludicrously deno. minated from their supposed pariialify fur podc- jjuddiiig. An' frac the weir he did bai's hap, An' turn'd to us hi.-i/(/i/. Poems in the Buclian Dialect, p. 5. 3. A hare's, or rabbit's, tail or brush, S. Rudd. Ye maukins, cock your fud fu' braw, Withouten dread. Your mortal fae is now awa'. Burns, iii. 119. . V. Fonr. FUDDER, FoTHYR, FUTHIR, FiDDER, S. 1. A large quantity, ahhough indefinite. It seems primarily used to denote a cart-load. — With this Buniiok spokyn had thai, To lede thair hay, for he wes ncr : And he assentyt but daungcr : And said that, in the niornyng Wele sone, afollij/r he suld bryng, Fayrer, and grctar, and weilc iiior. Than ho brocht ony that yer befor. Barbour, x. 198. MS. Futhir, as used by Douglas, has been rendered '• a thing of little or no value," Rudd. Is nane bot thou, the Fader of goddis and men, Omnipotent eternal Joue I ken : Onlie thy help. Fader, tharc is nane vthir; I compt not of thir pagane Goddis unefuihir, Quhais power may not help ane haltand hene. Doug. Virgil, 311. 29. If this, mentioned by Rudd., be the proper mean, ing, it must be quite a diflerent word, allied per. haps to Fr.feutre, a skin, apiece of felt, Su.G. foder, Germ, fitter, id. But it is doubtful, if the expression does not refer to the multitude of the heathen gods as contrasted with the unity of the true God. In this sense Douglas might say, " I make no account of a whole cart-load of such con- temptible deities." 2. A certain weight of lead. " The fidder of lead containis neerby sexscore and aucht stane." Skene, Verb. Sign. to. Serplaitk. It is used by Dunbar nearly in this sense, as de. noting a certain weight of metal. Out of thair throttis they shot on udder Hett moltin gold, methoeht, afidder. Bannalj/ne Poems, p. 29. st. 6, 3. A great number. Quhen all w es done, Dik with ane aix F U D Cam fiirth to fell ant judder. Chr. Kirk, st. 23. Clirott. S. P. ii- 366. Fodder, fotker, K. " Fodder, or futlier of lead, 1 weight of lead containing eight i>igs, every pig thni- and twenty stone and a half." Cowcl. The weight seems to ditier in different comities of E. Chauccr/oMtr, " a carriage-load ; an inde- tinitc large quantity." Tyrwhitt. A.S. fother, fothiir, "a cart, a wain load, a foothcr, as of lead ;" Soniner. Fo/hcr zcudu, a fo- «hcr or rart-load of wood, Leg. Canut. Germ. fi(dir, id ; niensura vecturae maxima, vini, foeni, "lignoriini, lapidum, kc. Wacliter; Tent, vocder. AVathtcr objects to the derivation of it froni/if romping or toying with young fellows, liencc one might al.so suppose tUMfiilfic were originally the same with XmX. Jifi-a, ad stuprnm allicere: also, infa- tuare. This is derived (ram Ji/(,fjfjl, a fool ; Land- aauiab. Gl, Montrose blenuus^ ct extreme stultus F U L htfino ; G. Andr. p. 69. By the ^ay, it may be ob- scrvod, tliut this is probably the true origin of E. uhiffle and zchifflcr. Fiijfflc, indct'd, may vith great proprioty be traced to lil.Jipltt, often confounded with J{/(a., to toueh frequently; contrectare; altrcctarc, libidinose tan- gere. Fiplar hond^ his liand frequently touches ; Landnamab. Gl. \s\. J'ip.^a also signifies, turl)arc. It is evidently, in a similar sense tliat Lyndsay uses fiij/dltiig, in his AnsKcr to (he Kiagis Fij/ting. FUGE, s. That wer ane morvale liugc ! To by richt blew, that never ane hew had sette! Ane scrvaud be, that never had scnc anti/i/ge ! King Hart, ii. 30. As in this stanza several things are mentioned, •which arc cither correlates or contrasts, perhaps this signifies a mii.tii.r ; Tcut. voeght. Germ, vogty Bclg. voogd, a master, a tutor or governor. FUGE', FuGiE, a,ij. Fugitive. Yi:fttge lynnage of fals Laomcdon;?, Addres ye thus to mak barganc anoue? Dung, f'irgil, 76. 2. Fcge', FuGiE, J. I. A fugitive, S. How foul's the bibble he spits out, Fan he ea's me aftigcc! Achilles played na irnniph about Wi' him, he says • but judge yc. Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 29. Hence the vulgar phrase, applied to a legal deed, afugic zcarruni, S. 2. A coward, one who flies from the fight; a term well known to those who amuse themselves with the humane sport of cock-fighting, S. " This custom [cock-fighting] was retained in many schools in Scotland within this century ; per. haps it is still in use. The schoolmasters were said to preside at the battle, and claimed the run-away rocks as their perquisites. These were called Fu. gees.'" Brand's Popular Antiq. p. 234. To the disgrace of our country, this custom is still retained in some schools. It 'n, however, I believe, more generally abolished. ha.t.J'ugi-o. FUlSH,/>/v<. Fetched, S. F«j-, pres. But someway on her thcyfuish on a change. That gut and ga' she keest with braking strange. Ro>:s''s IJclenore, p. 56. To FULE, V. n. To play the fool. But \\cfidijt for owtyn wer. That gaiif throiich till that creatur. Barbour^ iv. 222. MS. Isl./o/, fatuus. V. Throucu. FULYE, s. 1. A leaf. The varyant vesture of the yenust tale Schroudis the scherand fur, and euery fale Oucrfrett wythfu/j/eis, and fyguris ful dyuefs The pray bysprent wyth spryngand sproutis dyspers. Doug. Virgil, Prol. 400. 39. 2. Leaf gold, S. foil, E. Thcjulije of the fyne gold fell in the feild. Gaican and Gol. iii. 23. We still use ful^c in the same sense, without the addition of the term golJ. Fr. feuille, id. F U M To FULYrE, <». a. To defile. " lli; with vnbridillit lust fu/j/at his aiittis." Bellend. Cron. B. v. c. 1. MoesG./ii/s, A.S. h\.ful, foul; Teat. vnijUn, Sia.G.fyls/i-a, to delile. FuLYiE, FouLYiE, s. 1. The sweepings and dung of a town, S. " The Lords — considered a fepresentation made by the Magistrates of Edinburgh, bearing that the muck and fiili/ic of (he toune being now rouped and set in tack, the sonm payable by the tacksmen foi the same, is not sutTicicnt to defray the exjieiire of cleansing the streets." Act !?ed*. 4tli Aug. 1692. 2. Hence transferred to manure. " The Mastel-'s foot is the beitfoulj/ie;" S. Prov. " i. e. dung, goading ; — signifying that the rare and concern of a man will make his business prosper." Kelly, p. 308. 309. MoesG.y};/.*, putris, foetidus, Isl. full, ful, id. Belg. vullis, filth, dung. Fl'lve.\r, s. A defiler, one Vvho pollutes. '' lie was ane rauisar of virginis, fuliiear of ma- tronis, gret nurisar and fauorar of detractouris." Bellend. Cron. B. viii. c. 7. FULLYERY, s. Leaved work, that which is wrought like foliage. Ful/ijcri/, bordouris of many jirccious stone — Piilice of Honour, iii. 17. Vr. fucill-er, to foliate. V. Fulye and Sk.vrs. r.lKNT. FULLYLY, FuLLELY, adv. Fully. — Thai myrht nocht sc thaim by, For myst, a bowdraucht/«//f///. Barbour, i'x. 579. MS. FULMAR, s. A species of Petrel, Proceliaria cinerea, common in St Kilda. " The Fulmar in bigness equals the Malls of thfe second rate ; — it picks food out of the backs of living whales; it, as is said, uses sorrel with it, for both arc found in its nost; — it comes in November, the sure messenger of evil tidings, being always accompanied Avith boisterous W. winds, great snow ,"rain or hail." Martin's St Kilda, p. 30. 31. The term would seem to have some analogy to its Dan. name hav-hcst, Sw. haf-haeit, i; e. se.a-horsc; for ls\.fula signifies a folc, and 7nar, the sea, q. the colt of the sea. FUMART. V. FowMARTE. FUMLER, s. Caikfinnhr, " turn cake, a para- site, or perhaps a niggardly fellow, that will give none of his bread to others ;" Rudd. I am na caik fumlcr , full weil ye tnawp; No thing is mine qnhilk sail nocht yours be,."* Gilf it eiieris for youre nobilite. Doug. Virgil, Prol. 482. 34. Rudd. conjectures, that this is for whunilc. to whelm or turn over, according to the mode of pror nunciation in the North of S. But neither does (he sense favour this view, nor the analogy. For Doug, no where uses this corr. mode of writing. It seeuis to denote a niggard, by an oblique use of E.fumblSj Sa.G. fumla, Belg. vommcl.en; q. one who itufctcard- hi tries to conceal his cake when his friend calls. This is scarcely a deviation from the use of E./*«i/r V U N up. The primary sense of fumble is to grabble in ihc dirk ; transposed from ii\.falma, palpo in tciic- bris ; G. Aiidr. To FUND Y, FoN>JY, v. n. To become stifT with cold, to be benumbed. " An eating horse never funnied ;'' S. Prov. Kelly, p. 52. Fundifd, llani'say's S. Prov. p. 13. "The wile iimiiier was sac dazen'd an' J'linicd wi' cauld, that she had neither farrach nor manyUts." Journal from Lonilon, p. 3. It is more generally \)rononnccA fin: Jj/. 'J'lic idea expressed, is that a horse will not calch cold while catinfj. Kelly renders this foundered: and as a horse is said to be foundered, when a stagnation of the blood, and stillness of the ninscles, are iirodiiccd, in consequence of his being exposed to cold, after being Yery waryi ; it is not nnlikely that fiiii^^ is tlie O. S. ■word for this. It is still used in the same sense with founder. Fiindred and Fiinnit are used in the sense of cold- rife; ^^Afoiiiidj/\lbodj/, one tli.it cannot cmlnre cokl ; Fotindif'd z:ith cold, rigens frigore." lltidd. A cat is said to be afuniiU creature, perhaps bi'causc fond of lying near the fire. Sibb. refers to Tent, ghe.-condf, saiicius. But it has no connexion with the idea of being tsounded. We might suppose that, as E. founder seems formed from I'T.fondrc, to come down, the effect being p\it for the cause, the S. word had the same origin, only the termination of the f. being thrown away. But it creates a dilllculty here, that Dong, mu^ founder, as borrowed from the Fr. v. in the sense of fill dozen. 'I'hc auld (rymblyng towart the altare he drew, That in the hate bind of his son sched new, Founderit. Virgil, 57. 22. V. also 394. 22. We must therefore leave the origin as ([uite uncer- tain. ^■UNDYN,/)a^•^/)(I. "Founded, settled," Pink. But Barbour uses it in two otliev senses. 1. Found. Hot the King — in all assay!?, '\Vcs/(i«(/(//i wyss and awise. X. 37. MS. •2. Supplied, furnished with the means of suste- nance. For he had na thing for to disptnd, IVi ihair wes nane that evir kend Wald do sa mckill for him, that he Myeht snificlanlly/.fnf/;//! be. Harbour, i. 322. MS. A. S. find-an, stiggerorc, suppeditare, snbiniiii- >tmre. K. and S.^mt is st'.ll used in tlie samn sense, " lie finds me in money and in victuals;" Johns, FUNYIK, T. A polecat. V. Foyn. To FUNK, v.a. 1. To strike, S. 2. To kick behind, S. Ptrh.ips from 'reut./i(j/tV-f«, pellere, pulsare. Funk, .r. i. A stroke, S. £. A kick, S. 3. HI humour. I/i afanky'm a surly state, or in a fit of paibion, Loth. la this sense, it might seem allkd to Teut. In de l< U R ftincli -ijn, turbari, tumultuari, in pcrturbatione esse; Kilian. To FUNNY. V. FuNDV. FUR, FuRE, Feure, s. 1. a furrow, S. That Kyng oH'Kyll I can noclit wndirstand. Oil' him 1 held neuir ti fur off land. 'jVallace. viii. 22. MS. Barronis takis fra the tennentis peure All fruitt that growls on the fcure. Dunbar, Bannafi/ne Poems, p. 51. st. 3. Uvuccfurlcnlli, the Icng/h of a fiaron:. Here we see the origin of V]. furlong. To the lordly on left that lufly can lout, Before the riale renkis, richest on raw ; Salnst the banld berue, with ane blith wout, Ancfurlcnth before his folk, on feildis sa faw. Gauan and Gol. \v. 22. 2. Something resembling a furrow ; used metaph. Thare followis ane stremc of fyre, or ane lang fare, Castand gret licht about quhare that it schane. Doug. Virgil, 02. 12. Sulcus, Virg. Han. fur, ^a.Vw.for,fora, A. 9i.furh, Belg. vore, ill. Hire derives Sii. Li. for from /«/•-«, tcrram exer. cere, to cultivate the ground. FUR,pret. 1. Went. — Wallang with him fur, Qiiliill he was brocht agayn our Carlcill mur. JVallficr, X. 5S3. MS. V. Fuke, v. 2. Fared ; with respect to food. Ycitfiir thai weill of stuft", wyn, aill and breid. IVaUucc, xi. 411. MS, FURC, s. Gallows. V. Pit ..vnd Gallows. To FURE, V. a. 1. To carry, especially by sea. " Tliat the act of frauchting and lading of scliippis, mycht be put till executioun oftcr the tenour of the samin, and at na giidls bcftiril be the maister vpon his ouetloft." Acts Ja. III. 1487. c. 130. edit. 1566. Fured, c. 109. Murray. 2. To conduct, to lead. For thocht a man wald set his bissy curis, Sae far as labour used his wisdom/«?7y, To tlie hard chance of infortunitie, — The cursid weird yet ithandly cnduris, Gien to him first in liis nadvitie. licllcnd. Evergreen, i. 33. st. 5. Or it may simply signify; " as far as labour and wisdom can go." Sxi.G.fiier.a, to carry, also, to lead ; Belg. voer. rn. to carry. FURE, pr'et. Fared. The waiilane syne til his cuntre Fure, and a qwliilc Ihar rcstyd he, ll'ijnloKn, viii. 37. ISO. A. ^.for, ivit, pret. of far-un ire. FURE, adj. "• li'inn, fresh, sound, in good plight. — Onfitlefure, sound in the feet ;" GI. Sibb. This is radically the same with Fcrij, q. v. FURE, s. Apparently, a strong man, the word last mentioned used as a s. — A imVy fare.' Dunbar, Muilland Poemr, p. 47. FUR Mr Pink, on this word refers to A. S.fur promp. tiis, Lye's Diet. But the word is fits. Su.G. en Jhtr harl, vir fortis, is very nearly allied. FURE-DAYS, Fuir-days, Foor-days. l. Late in tlie afternoon, S. B. Fiiredays dinner- time, a late hour for dinner. Footdays, A. Bor. id. O. Vj.ferre dayes ; s\sq, forth daj/cs. Thus Ro- fciu lloocl is introduced as saying ; It is/er/e dai/cs, god sende us a gest, That we were at our dynere. Ritson''s R. Hood, i. 7. " And whanne it was forth dajjcs liise discii>lis eamen and seiden, this is a desert i)lacc and the tynie is now passide." Mark vi. 35. " The day was now far sr-ent." Mod. Vers. A . ">. forth dages, die lunge provecta ; forth h/'htcs, nocte longc |jrovec(a; forth, provectus, "advanced, farrc spent," Somner : and ddgcs tlie genitive of dug a day. He e\\>\. forth as if he had viewed it as a part of the v.far-an; evidently distinguishing it from forth, prorsum. 2. Fair-foi)^d(iys, broad daj-light, as contrasted with night, S. Be that time it vtus fuirfoor days. As fou's tlie house could pang, To see the young fouk ere they raise, Gossips came in ding dang. Riiinsujj's Poim-i-, i. 271. Then lat Ulysses now compare Rhaesus an' maughtlcss Dolon, An' Priam's son, an' Pallas' phizz That i' tiie night was stolen : For [ne'er a protick] has he dcen,. Fan it ^vasfair-fitir days. I'oems in the Huchan Dialect, p. 11. This phrase seems radically ditferent from the for- mer. Sibb. in explaining the former, says ; " The same word might, however, signify before dai/.light ; from Teut. veur-dagh, tempus antelucanum." This is certainly the origin of the latter. FURFELLES, s. pi. Skins with fur, " Ilk serplailh oi furfcUcs, conteining 4000, iiii ounce." Skene, V^erb. Sign. vo. BidUon. From fur Awi fell, a skin. FURISIME, s. A steel to strike fire with. " He that was found in the army but flint and/»m»!e, or but his swerd beltit fast to ids sidis, was scliamefuUy scurgit." Bellend. Descr. Alb. c. 16. Igniario, Boeth. Apparently corr. from Teut. veur-, or vier-ijser, id. from vuer, vier, fire, and /Jser, steel. FURK AND FOS, a phrase used in old charters, signifying Gallo-ws and Pit. Lai. furca a gallows, and/ti«sa a pit. V. Pit. FURLENTH,^. ThelengthofafUrrow. V.Fur. FURLET. V. FiRLOT. FURMAGE, J. Cheese; Yx.fourmage. Fh I nidge full fyne scho brocht insteid of geil. Ilcnrtjsone, Eeergrcen, i. 150. st. 18. FURME, s. A form or bench. — A'.wfurmc, ane furlet, ane pott, anc pek — Bunnatijne Poems, p. 159. To FURROW, ^^«. To depredate. V.Forrav. F U S FURS ABIL, adj. What can be carried or driven away. " Rollent Foster Inglisman, kapitane of Wark — spulyeit — the haill tenneutis' insicht of the haill ba- rounie that wasfursabil." Maithind Poems, Note. p. ?06. Fr. foreeahle, id. Perhaps it should rather be tursnbil, which is used in this sense. FURbDAY, FuRisDAY, Foursday, s. Thurs- day, S. " It is statute and ordanit, that thair be thre merrat dayis ouklie in the said towne [Edinburgh], for selling of flesche : that is to say, Sonday, Monoun- day, and Furisduj/.'" Acts Ja. V. 1540. c. 101. Foursday, Skene, c. 122. This is evidently a corr. of Thursday ; from Thor the Son of Odin, this day being originally dedicated to him. But it is unusual thus to change th info/. FURTH. '*' The muckle furth, the open air ;" Gl. Shirr. This is merely the adv. furth, forth, abroad, out of doors, used as a s. To FURTHEYET, v. a. To pour out. On the fresche Wenus keist his armourouse 8, On the ^inxcxuxmi furtheyet his eloquence. Ballade, Stetnart of Aubigny, Pink. S.P. R.'ni. 139. A. S. forth-geot-an, profuudere; forth-get-en, profusus, etfusHs. V. Yet, v. FURTHY, adj. i. Forward. He was a man of stout courage, Furthy and forward in the field ; But now he is bonden with eild. Sir Egezr, p. 58. 2. Frank, affable, of easy access, S. 3. Expl. " courageous, unabashed." Johnny said, Gin ye be civil Come in owrc ; ye're welcome here. In he cam fu' blylh an' furthy. A. Douglas's Poems, p. 102. To FURTHSCHAW, -v. a. To manifest, to dis- play. " Thus mouit of zefe, but knawledge, puttande my healo confidence in hym onelie, qnha tausit the dam to speke, the blynd to se, the ignorant to vn. dersfand, h^ue If iirthschanin the sobir fruct of my ingine: nocht dontyng (gude redare) hot thow wyll luke on (he samyne with siclyke fauour & glide mvnde, as did the gude Lorde on the pure woman, quha otferit liir sobir ferding with als gude hart, as vtheris that otferit mekil mair confoime to thair puissance." Kennedy of Crosragiiell, Compend. Tractiue, p. 2.. 3. FURTH SETTER, s. An editor,.used as eqiiiva- lent to author. " 1 am assurit (benevolent redare) quhcn thow dois mark and considder the tytle of our lytle trac- tiue, thairefter persauis quha is the furthsetter and author of the samyn, thow wyf woundor gretlie and meruell : that I (quha am ane man void of all elo- quence, rude of ingyne, and jugemcnt) durst be sa baulde, as to attempt sua heych anc purpose, spe- cialie in this miserable (yme, quhairinto thair it sua gret diuersitic of opinioun amangis swa mony preg- nant men of ingyne." Kennedy of Crosragucllj Compend. Tractiue. p. 2 ■c. N F U 1' F W N PUSH, pret. V. Fetched. Jli'i- aunt a pair of (angs/;/>/i in, Right l)aiil(l sIk- spak and spruce. RumHiifs Poems, i. 27'i. V. Fi;i8n. FUSIOUN. V.FoisoN. FUST, adj. Tlic wyfcsaid, Spoid, the kaill ar soddin, And als the laverok \efiist and loddin ; AV'hen yc baif done tak hamc the brok. liannafj/ne Forms, p. 160. st. 10. " The lark is roasted and swollen." It seems to I)C a cant proverbial phrase for, Dinner is ready;" Lord Ilailes. On what grounds this interpretation is given, I do not perceive. The sense seems to be ; " Make haste, the dinner is ready ; it is so late that tlic lark is at rest and silent in her nest. As you must go home, you have no time to lose ; and when you do so, take the fragments with you." It is favourable to this view, that the wooer is re. presented, st. 1., as coming about evening. Ir. fois-im, signities, to rest; foistine, resting, fost- tim, to stop. Loddin appears to be louden, the same as Loun, quiet, silent, q. v. FUTE-ALE, s. A sort of entertainment given to those present, when a woman, who has born a child, for the first time gets out of bed ; pron. Jit -ale, S. Su.G. oel, cercvisia, is compounded in a great variety of ways. Barnsocl denotes the baptis- mal banquet ; kirkguangsoel, that given after a puerperal woman has been at church, &c. Ihre, vo. Oel. V. Kirk, v. FUTEBROD, s. A footstool, or support for the feet, S. MoesG. Jotabord, id. FUTE HATE, Fute Hote. l. Straightway, immediately, without delay. The king send a gret cumpany AVp to the crag thaim till assaile, That war fled fra the grct battaill : And thai thaim yauld for owtyn debate. And in hand has tane tha,im fute hate. Barbour, xiii. 454. MS. Sale hate, edit. Pink. -, " King Athelstanc to dant thir atteraptatis come :in Loulhiane with mair diligence than was beleuit, and followit bait fute on the Pichtis." Bellend. Cron. 13. X. c. 5. Hostium haerens vcstigiis ; Booth. And forth scho drew the Troianc swerd fute hate. Doug. Virgil, 122. 51. In this sense /oo< hot,fote hote, frequently occurs in O. E. The table adoun riht he smot In to the Wotc foot hot. King of Tars, Ritson's E. M. R. ii. 160. Chaucer, Gowcr, id. 2. Closely, exactly, accurately. Syne I defends, and forbiddis cucry wicht. That can not spell ther Pater Noster richt, For to correct, or yit amend Vyrgill, Or the translater blame in his vulgar style : I knaw what pane was to follow him fute hate. Doug. Virgil, Pref. 8. 16. 3. As denoting proximity of situation. Vnder the montane law thare stude/ifG, s. I. Illusion, mockery. I said tliat lliy sone siild ga To I'ariss, aiul he did riclit swa ; I'olowand -ic a niengye, That n.'HJr, in Ids lylt tynie, he ll.-id sic a nun-iye in leding. Now seis lliow 1 mad ivj. grihhing. Baibuur, iv. 300. MS. 2. Jeering, raillery. At blights hi the morning nae blyth lads arc scorning, The lassos arc lonely, dowic and wae ; Naedallin, nicgabliin, butsighingandsabbing, kc. Floacrs of the Forest, Ritson's S. So/'g^-, ii. 3. 3. Idle prating, S. Mas it not eik as possibill Eneas, As Hercules or Theseus to hell to pas ? Quhilk is na gabbing siitlily, nor ua lye. Dong, rir^il, Prcf. 6. 42. Here the word might perhaps be rendered as iu sense 1 . A.S. i^«/(ft«/if, dcrisio, illusio; Isl. ^aabbuii, dcUmo. To GABBER, •:;. n. 1. To jabber, to gibber, to talk incoherently, S. Belg. <^abl>cr-cn, id. Hence E. gibberish, if not rather from Tout, gabberducte, uiigae, Kilian. Per. haps Isl. gijr-a loquitor, is radically the same ; ^ifr, batlologia. Gabby, adj. l. Possessing fluency of speech, S. ,\nd on condition I were as vabbij As either thee or honest llabby, That 1 lin'd a' thy clai's \vi' tabby. — Ilamil/oii, Ranisai/s I'oemf, ii. 335. Allho' mair (jafi/jiy he may be Than Nestor wise and true. Yet few will say, it was nae fau't That ho did him furhow. Poems in the Uuchan Dialed, p. 7. L". Loquacious, S. " — Yet he was a {xnc gabby, auld-farren early." — Journal from London, p. 2. GABBIT, s. A fragment, a bit of anything, S. B. Thcre^s tto ct hak gabbit o't, it is all to rags, S. B. ' Gobel is used by Wiclif for bit, small portion. •' He hadde broke the cheyncs and haddc bri the storkis to smalc gobelis.''^ Mark v. Also by C-haiicer in the same sense. He said ho had a gobbet of the sailc Which Scint Peter hadde, whan that he went okc GAD tJpoii the se, till Jesu Christ him hent. Prol. Pard. v. 23. Fr. gob, gobeau, a lump, a morsel. GABER, s. A lean horse, one so frail as to be scarcely lit for service, Stirlings. This word has been imported from the Highlands; Gael, ^iihhar, " formerly, a horse :" Shaw. GABERLUNYIE, s. "A wallet that hangs on the side or loins;" Ritson. Hence, Gaber. liinyic-man, " a wallet man or tinker ;" id. " tlie man who carries the wallet on his back, an itinerant mechanic, or tinker, who carries in his bag the implements of his trade ;" Cal- lander. Y''c're yet our young, And ha' na lear'd the beggar's tonguej To follow me frac town to town, And carry the Gabcrl'inijic on. — She's all' with the gaberliuii/ie-man. Rit»07i\\- S. Songs, i. 160. 167. On what authority gaber is rendered a wallet, I have not been able to learn. Sibb. expl. it '' a bas. kct or wallet," deriving it from Fr. gaharre, " ori. ginally a wicker boat covered with leather." But the only word that seems to hare any semblance ofalTuiify is Fr. giberne, a kirtd of sack used by Grenadiers for carrying their grenades ; Diet. Trev. Teut. /oenic, longie, a loin. Were not gaber.. iiinjjie so used as apparently to signify something from which the owner is dcnomiuatcd, it might have been supposed that the person had his name q. A. S. gebeor, hospcs, and Ian egenus, i. c. a poor guest ; or as in the song, the poor man. GABERT, f. A lighter, a vessel for inland navi- gation, S. from ¥r. gabiire, id. " The freight from Glasgow is generally between 2s and 2s 6d the single cart, but those who take a great cargo [of coals] and employ gabcrts, get them a little cheaper." P. Kilfluan, Argyles. Sta- tist. Ace. xiv. 256. G A BERTS, s. pi. 1. A kind of gallows, of wood or stone, erected for supporting the wheel to which the rope of a draw-well is fixed, Ang. 2. Three poles of wood, erected and forming an angle at the top, for weighing hay, Ang. GAD, Gade, J. 1, A rod, S. pvon, gaud. " Ane rod is aue stall'e, or gade of tymraer, qtihair. with land is measured." Skene, Verb. Sign. vo. Particala. 2. A spear. — " That thei wear found right often talking with the Skottish prikkers within les then thcirj^-at/s length a sunder." Patten's Ace. Somerset's Expe- dition, ap. Dalycll's Fragments, p. 76. 3. A fishing-rod, S. A. 4. A goad. " Afflictions to the soule is like the ^^^ffffe to the oxc, a teacher of obedience." Z. Boyd's Last Bat- tell, p. 10G8. Hence gadnand, S. a goad " for driving yoke- horses or oxen ;" Rudd. In cuery age wyth irnc graith we ar boun, G A F And passand hy the jilcwis, {ot i^f/rlxa?iilis Broddis the o\iii with spcris in our handis. Doug, riigil, 299. 'J5. 'J'his is r.ndoubiodly from tlie same origin with K. ,^oatl ; A. S. gaac/, giid, Su.G. g-ut/rf, Isl. gaddr, .stimulus, aciilcus, a point or sting. In the second sense, one signification of the A. S. word is retain, cd ; " the point of a weapon, spear, or arrow, head ;" Somner. To GADGE, v. n. " To dictate impertinently, to talk idly with a stupid gravity ;" Gl. Rams. It sets ye well indeed to gadge ! Ere I t' Apollo did ye Cadge, — A Glasgow capon and a fadgc Ye thought a feast. Riimsay's Poems, ii. 339. To GADYR, V. a. To gather. In-til the wyntyr folowand Nost cftyr Ottyrburne, of Scotland The Kyng gert gadi^r a cownsale At Edynburgh. IVjjntoivn, ix. 9. 3. A. S. gaeder-uu, id. Seren. views this as allied to Isl. giaedt\ res, opes. Gaddryng, J-. Assembly; applied tc a Par- liament. To the lord the Brws send he Word to cum to that gaddryng. Wiintoxi-n, viii. 18. 113. It is cIseMhcre used to denote the assembling of men, in the formation of an army. GAE, s. The jay, a bird ; Corvus glandarins, Linn. The Ilobie and the Hedder-bluter Aloud the Gac to be their tuter, Thame to conduct and g3'de. Biirel's Pilgr. IVatson's Coll. ii. 28. Aloial, permitted, allowed. This seems to approach to the more ancient or. thograpby ; Fr. gay, gear/, O. Tout, gai/, ganj, id. perhaps from the lively humour and motions of this bird, Teut. Fr. gay, brisk, merry. The name of the jack-daio has probably a similar origin. This in Teuf. is gacke. Germ. Sax. Sicamb. gack. Now gack.en is given by Kilian as synon. with gheck. en, to sport, to be playful, and gaeck with gheck, play ; also, a fool, a mountebank. Isidore sup- poses that the jay is called graculus, a, garrulitate. GAF, Gaff, pret. Gave. Than all thai ^o/ assent thartill. Barbour, xv. 460. MS. Gret giftis to thaim gaff he. Barbour, xviii. 544. MS. GAFF, s. " Night, or blaze-fishing, during close-time, with gaff's, spears, leisters, &c. is very injurious to the legal fishing, and is practised with impunity, over various parts of the country." Prize Essays, High, land Society, ii. 409. This may be the same with Gaff mentioned by Phillips, as signifying " an iron.hook to pull great fishes into a ship." It seems to have the same origin with Gavelock, q. v. The name Gaff-net, however, is given S. to the largest sort of net, which stretches nearly across a G A I liver, and is dragged by two men, one on each bank, wuh long poles, to which the ends of the nets an- !.«d. i he lower part is sunk by means of lead • the upper IS buoyed up by cork. "This kind of ncf IS coniniDn in Tweed. To GAFF AW, -J. n. To laugh aloud, S. — To bend ^\V ye, and spend wi' ye An evening, and gaffuic. — liamsay's Poems, ii. 73. Gaffaw, j-. A loud laugh. V. Gavvf. To GAGOIUN, -v. a. To slander, to dishonour. "i ct and thou glaike or gagoiun The tructh, thou sail come downe. Spec. Godly Ball p. 9. " Dally with a gagui, Fr. fille de joie ;" Lord Hailes. Gagioun, Poems 16th Cent. p. 167. Fr. gouge is used indeed to denote a soldier's trull, and gougucr sfguifics to be frolick, merry, &c. to enjoy all wished delights. But the meaning may be ; " If thou either trifle with the truth, or slander it." C. B. gogan, to slander, to sat" rise ; Bullet. GAY, adv. Pretty, moderately ; also Gaylie, Gaylies. V. Gey. G AID, fret. Went, S. — " Hee gald to the cross." Brace's Serm. on the Sacr. H. 7. a. V. Ga. GAYN, ad/. Fit. V. Gane. GAYN-CUM, .f. Return, coming again. — That wyth fhamo fra thine thai bare Til Kyncardyn, quhare the Kyng Tylle thar gayne-comc made bydyng. IVyntozin, Vi. IS. 404. But quhan he sawe passit baith day and hour Of her gaincome, in sorrowe gan oppresse His woful hertc in cair and hevinesse. Henri/sonc^s Test. Crescide, Ghron. S. P. u 139 GAYNIS, s. The gaynis of my yeiris gent, The ilouris of my fresche youtheid, I wait nocht how away is went. Maitland Poems, p. 192. " Properties," Pink. It may perhaps bear thi: meaning, from Su.G. gugn, commodum, whence E, gain. But it is more natural to understand it as merely put for gayncss, cheerfulness, gaiety. GAIR, Gare, Gore, s. l. A stripe or triangu- lar piece of cloth, inserted at the bottom, on each side of a shift, or of a robe. It is pro« nounced in both these ways, S. Amiddis quhoni born in ane goldin chair, — Was set a Quene, as lyllie sweit of swair, In purpour rob hemmit with gold ilk gair, Quhilk gemmit claspis closed all perfite. Police of Honour, i. 10, His garmont and his gite ful gaie of grene, With goldin listis gilte on every gare. lienrysonc^s Test. Creseide, Chron. S. P. i. 163. Mr Pink, renders it border. But this does not express the meaiung. The border and hem are too nearly allied. Here it may denote every breadth, or distinct division of the cloth in the robe. lie has perhaps been misled by Johnson, who, after Skin, ner, renders goar " any edging sewed upon cloth to strengthen it ;" from C. B. ^oror, ora superior. G A I I'hi- same word occurs in Cliaucer, althoiigU not understood l>y Tyrwhift. A barmt-clolli ckc, as white as morowc milk, Upon tuT Itiides, full of many a gore. MiUercs T. v. 3237. An clfc qucnc shal my kiiiman be, And slcpc under my gore. Sir Thopas, v, 13719. Mr Ellis has entirely mistaken the sense of gore, as it d'curs in an old love song. Gainest under gore. Hearken to my roun. Spec. £. P. i. 111. " Gore", he says, " appears to be the same with gear, dress, from the Saxon ^ea/zia, vestis." W'c have both the form, and precise meaning, of our word in Isl. geir, segmentum panni figura Iriquetra ; G. Andr., a cutting of cloth of a trian. gular figure. The sense is varied in Teut. gheere, lacinia, sinus vestis, limbus. Another sense, is ad- ded, however, which coincides with the former ; Pars qua largior fit vestis ; Kilian. Belg. geer, the gore of a smock ; Sewel. 2. Garc, gair, " a spot or slip of tender fertile grass on a barren mountain or heath ;" Gl. Sibb. He improperly refers to Teut. gaer, maturus, percoctus. For the denomination does not respect the fertility, but the form. Gore, as denoting "a small narrow slip of ground," occurs in some O. E. law-books. V. Cowel. Hence, Gaired, Gairy, adj. Having streaks or stripes of different colours, S. ^ gairy cow, a cow that is streaked on the back or sides. Gairie, s. The name given to such a cow. First she drank Crommy, and syne she drank Garie, And syne she drank my bonny grey marie. Rit.son's S. Songs, i. 229. Gairie-bee, s. Apis terrestris, Linn. S. The A. muscorum is called the Todler-tike, and the A. hypnorum, the Red-nrsy bee. Their names occur in the following puerile rhyme. The Tod/er-tiLc has ne'er a good bike, Nor yet the Gairie-bee ; But the Rcd-iirsif has the best bike, Allow'd among all the three. GAIRDONE, s. Nd growine on ground my gairdone may de- graid. Nor of my \)ith may ])air of wirth a prenc. Ilenri/xonc. Uumiatync Pociim, p. 131. st. 3. This word is overlooked by Lord Hailes. As the writer speaks of his bran and breist in the preced. ing line, this probably means arm ; q. " no man sprung of the dust may undervalue the strength of my arm:"' Or perhaps groicine is for grume. V. GAnnir. GAIRFISH, the name given, in the-vicinity of Dundee, to the Porpoise. " At first sight, it would be thought beneficial to the salmon fishing, if a method could be invented, by whirh the porpoises, or Gairjish as they are cal- led, which devour so many salmon, might be destroy- ed." P. Monificth Forfars. Statist. Ace. xiii. 493. Geir fVidur is one S[)eries of whale mentioned in Spec. Reg. c. 21., and by Vcrel. to. Ilmalur. G A I GAIS, imperat. Go ye, from ga. Thus suld a prynce in battale say, — ' Cum on, falowis', the formast ay. A pryncis word of honcste, ' Guis on, gats on,' suld nevyr be. IVijntoim, ix. 27. 374. GAISHON, Geshon, .f. l. A hobgoblin, Dumfr. This word, according to the account given of it, conveys a very strange idea, or rather an incoherent mass of ideas. It is said to denote a skeleton cover. ed with a skiu ; alive, however, but in a state of insanity. In Stirlings. it simply signifies a skeleton. 2. It denotes any thing considered as an obstacle in one's way ; as the furniture of a house, &c, when in a disorderly state, Fife. Hence, lU.gaishoti'd, mischievously disposed, Fife, sy- non. Ill.muggent, S. B. It might seem to have some affinity with the Isl. phrase ga.isona laete, scurrilitas, a Gessonibus ut- pote lusoriis ; G. Andr. Or shall we view it as al- lied to the old Celtic word Gesus, vir fortis, VVacht. ? According to Bullet, in the Patois of Besan9on, ges\e still signifies force. GAISLIN, s. A young goose, S. gets/in, Ang. gosling, E gesling, Lancash. Westmorel. " If I may not kep goose, I shall kep gaislin ;" Ferguson's S. Prov. p. 20. Su.G. Dan. ^«a*-, Isl. ^a*, a goose ; Su.G. ^aa^- ling. Germ, ganxlein, a gosling. GAIST, Gast, s. 1. The soul, the spirit. The Krie Thomas, that qwhill than lay In hard seknes, yhald than the j-avf Til God, that wes of mychtis mast. f-Vijntoviti, viii. 26. 5. 2. A spirit, a ghost, S. All is hot gui'tis, and elrische fantasyis ; — Out on the wanderand spretis, wow, thou cryis. Doug. Virgil, 158. 25. A. S. gaste, Belg. gheest, Su.G. Dan. gust, id. Manes Gu^tue dicti, vulgo Gaxter ; Wormij Litcrat. Dan. p. 19. 3. A piece of dead coal, that instead of burning appears in the fire as a white lump, S. It may have received this name, either as wanting life, or more probably, from its supposed resem- blance to the spirits of the dead, who, it is believed, generally appear in white. This etymon is confirm- ed by the metaphor, pale as a^'hes, commonly used in the description of ajiparitions. In Sutherland, coal of this kind is called liatchelor coal ; q. desti- tute of heat, or, unprofitable to society. GAIT, Gate, .f. i. A road, away, S. A. Bor. Lincoln. At Corssenton t\t gait was spilt that tide, For thi that way behowed thaim for to ride. rraWoee, iii. 81. MS. In this sense it is also used metaph. It is richt facill and e\i\\ gate, I the tell, For to discend and pas on doun to hell. Doug. Virgil, 167. 21. In the same sense it occurs in O. E. — Er this day thre dayes, I dare vndertakcn, That he worthe fcttred that felon faste wyth chaines. G A I And neuer eft grcue gome that goeth this iike gate. P. Ploughman, Fol. 92. b. Su.G. Isl. gata, semita, via. 2. An indefinite space, a little way, some distance. Sa tha sani folk he send to the dep furd, Gert set the ground with scharp spykis otf burd. Bot IX or X he kost a gait befor, Langis the schauld maid it bath dep and schor. Wallace, X. 43. MS. 3. A street, S. Yorks. All curious pastimes and consaits, Cud be imagiaat be man, Wcs to be sene on Edinburgh gaits, Fra time that brauitie began. Buret, ff'alson's Coll. ii. 5. " — The names of the streets — are the Ca,st\c.gate, the Brnid.gate, the Overkirk-^a/e, the Netherkirk- gate, the G^gang sprato in gatvons jah staigos baurgs ; Go quickly into the streets and lanes of the city; Luke xiv. 21. Su.G. gata, O. Teut. gatte, Alem. gazzo, gazza, Germ, gasse, Id. Ihre views this as the primary sense of the word, postponing that of a way. The latter, however, seems to have the principal claim. For w hat are the streets of a town or village, but just the zeaj/s lead- ing through it ? 4. An expedition, especially of a warlike kind ; used in the same manner as Su.G. /herd, espe- cially when it is conjoined with haer, an army, war ; and Fr. journee. Than Schir Gawine the gay Prayt for the journal/, That he might furth wend. The king graatit the gait to Schir Gawane, And prayt to the grete God to grant him his grace, Him to save and to salf. Gazcan and Gol. iii. 12. 5. This word occurs in a variety of forms both in sing, and pi., in the same manner as ways E. so as, in composition, to have the power of an adv. Sa gat, so, in such manner ; Barbour. How gats, literally, what ways, i. e. in what manner; ibid. Thus gat'ts, Doug. S. after this manner. Mony gatis, in various ways, Doug. Virg. 476. 2. Othergates, O. E. V. Gaitling. 6. To tak the gait, to depart, to set out on a jour- ney or expedition of any kind. Also, to flee, to run away, S. A child is said to tak the gait, when it begins to walk out, S. The duerwe take the gate. And Mark he told bidene. Sir Tristrem, p. 117. Now by this time the evening's falling down. Kill-heads were red, and hows were eery grown; Yet with what pith she had she tahs the gate. Ross's Helenore, p. 62. R. Brunne uses this phrase, p. 141. My Sonne, myn heyre, that was corouned late, 1 G A I Of his Ijf was my speyre, he myght haf taken the gate. i. e. engaged in an expedition to the Holy Land. To York the gate he toke, & souht Saynt Wil, "am. ihi^^ p_ 304 Mr Macpherson properly mentions the S. phrase. Gang your gate, begone. Barbour uses a similar phrase, in the sense of departing, going away. With that thair gate all ar thai gane. And in thre partis thair way has tane. Barbour, vi. 549. MS. V. How, s. I. And our poetical prince, James L He said, Quhair is yon culroun knaif ? Quod scho, I reid ye lat him Gang hame his gaites. Peblis to the Play, St. 17. This idiom was not unknown in O. E. Ilk man gedc his ueis. R. Brunne, Adj. to Pref, clxxxtiii; Gang your icays is also used, S. 7. To had the gate, to prosper, to have success ; a metaph. borrowed from one's ''keeping the highway," (Gl. Rams.) or rather, holding straight on a road, S. Resenius derives Isl. gata a street, a way, from gat-a perforare ; as being an opening. But the con. jecture of Ihre seems more probable, that it is from gaa to go, as Lat. iter, from eo, it. urn, id. For what is a way, but the course which one holds in going or travelling ? Gatewards, adv. In a direction towards, S. B., q. directly in the road. V. Out-about. GAIT, s. A goat, S. " Ye come to the gait's house to thigg woo;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 81. Su.G. get, A. S. gat, Belg. ghiete, gheyte, id. GAITGLYDIS. —Quhair that mony gay gelding Befoir did in our mercat ling. Now skantlie in it may be sene Tue\t gait glydis, deir of a preine. Maitland Poems, p. 183. Glyde is an old horse. Gait may perhaps signify small, puny, from get, a child. V. Glyde. To GAIT, V. a. To set up sheaves of corn on end. Also, to set them up gaitwise, id. S. B. As the sheave is opened towards the bottom, both for drying it, and making it stand ; perhaps from Isl. gat, foramen, gat-a, perforare. GAITLING, Gytling, s. An infant, S. a di- min. from Get, q. v. The wives and gytUngs a' spawn'd ont O'er middings and o'er dykes, Wi' mony an unco skirl and shout, Like bumbees frae their bykes. Ramsay's Poems, i. 278. This seems to have been also written gedling, O. E., although used in an o])probrious sense. The passage in P. Ploughman, in which this term occurs, is curious, as shewing the ideas entertained in an early age with respect to the moral qualities of those ■who were begotten in bastardy. — He made wedlocke firste, and hym selfe saide, Bonum est tit unusquisque tcxorem suam ha. beat propter fornicationem. GAL And they that othcrgates be gcten, for gcdliiigs Llmi hold, As falci- folke, fimJlinges, /aytoiirs and licrs, I, ii-;aiious (o get good, or loiiu of (he people, Wamlnn ami wastcn, «hat they catchc niaye, Agayiic doHill iliey do liijI, \- the diiijl seriic, And after their deathes da'ye, thai dwell with the same, l?r ' G od giue hem grace here, hem sclucs to amende. Fol. 15. a. GAKIE, s. That shell called the Commercial Venus, or Venus Mercenaria. <■<■ —Gafcies," .ibb. Fife, p. l.'iS. " It is of Ihis shell that the money of the American Indians, called Waiupum, is made." Ibid. N. To GALAY, V. n. To reel, to stagger. — To I'hilip sic rout he raiicht, That Ihocht he wes oli'mckill mauclif. He gert him galai/ disyly ; And haid till crd gane fullyly, Ne war he hynt him by his sted. Barbour, ii. All. MS. Kdit. 16'20, sialcker. A. S. gacl-an, ambigiium animi rcddere. GALYEARD, Gali.iard, (idf. i. Sprightly, brisk, lively, cheerful. Oner al the planis brayis the stampand stcdis, Ful gull/curd in thare barJis and wercly wedis. Doug, f'irg/7, 385. 34. '■ Among our yeomen, money at any time, let be then, uses to be very scarce; but once having enter- ed on the common pay, their sixpence a-day, they were gaUiard." Baillie's Lett. i. 176. " Brisk, lively," Gl. 2. Wanton. Rudd. gives this sense; and it seems to be that of the following passage. The galjjeard grume gruntschis, at gamys he grcuis. Doitg. l^irgil, '238. a. 38. Fr. gaillard, m. But this must be traced to A. S. gal, Teut. ghcjjl, lascivus ; Isl. g'iad.u, illecebris iucscarc, Su.G. gelninj;, juvenis lascivus. Galyeard, Galliard, s. " William Johnstone of Wamphray, called the Galliard, was a noted freebooter. — His )iom de guerre seems to have been derived from the dance railed The Galliard. The word is still used in Scot- land to express an active, gay, dissipated character." Minstrelsy Border, I. 230. 231. Galyarthe, fiilv. In a sprightly manner. Thow saw mony ane fresche galland, Weill ordourU for ressauing of thair queue; Ilk craftisman with bent bow in his hand Full gffl^artlie in schort cleithing of grene. Lipulsaii's Warkis, 159'2. p. 293. To GALE, Gail, v. n. To cry with a harsh note ; a term applied to the cuckoo. The gukkow galis, and so quhitteris the quale, Quhil ryvcris reirdit, schawls, and euery dale. Doug, f'irgit, 403. 26. In May begins the gowk to gait. Scott, Evergreen, ii. 187. st. 6. The origin undoubtedly is Isl. Su.G. g(U-a, A. S. gnl-aii, cancrc. But the term does not seem neces- sarily to imply much music in the note. For it is al>o rendered, vocem Galli emittere ; G. Andr. Ihrc. Uan. gat-cr, to crow. Isl. gccUdr denotes the G A L crowing of a cock. GaJ-a, aurcs obfunderc, to slu. pify by noise, has been viewed as dilferent. But, 1 subpect, it is radically the same word, thus applied, because of the original appropriation of the t'Tm to harsh music. Ihre views this as tlic origin of Lat. gull-US, the name for a cock. Su.G. gaelLa, and Germ. ge!l-en, soiaare, seem to acknowledge this as their origin. Hence also E. yell. The only instance I have met with, in which this V. seems to retain the original sense, is as used by Chaucer, Court of Love, v. 1357. where the nightin- gale is said to " cry and gale." Hence, as Tyrwhitt observes, the name Nighte-gale, or NiglUcngaley i. e. the bird that " sings by night." Elsewhere he uses it to denote loud laughter. The frere luugh when he had herd all this — And whan the Sompnour herd the frere qale Prol IV. of Bathe, v. 6411. 6413. Now tellcth forth, and let the Sompnour^«/e. Frcres T. v. 6918. To Galyie, Gallyie, v. n. To roar, to brawl, to scold, Ang. Su.G.^ff?W.«, Isl.^/rt//-a, to vociferate. V. Gale. Galyie, Gallyie, Gellie, s. A roar or cry- expressive of displeasure, Ang. ;. gowl, sjnon. Su.G. gaelt, vocileratio. GALLAND, J. A young fellow. V. Callan. GALLANT, adj. Large, of such dimensions as fully to answer the pui'pose intended, S. B. " — Flae him belly-flaught, his skin wad mak a gallant tulchin for you." Journal from London, p. 2. V. Sax. GALLIARD, s. V, Galyeard. GALLION, s. A lean horse, Tweedd. G ALLY TROUGH, s. A name given to the char, Fife ; elsewhere called, the red-belly, red- ivavic. " Tiie gallijtrough, or char, abounds in the loch [Lochleven]. — They are never known to rise to a fly, or to be caught with a hook, baited in any way what- ever." P. Kinross, Statist. Ace. vi. 167. This is undoubtedly the same with Gerletroch, mentioned by Sir 11. Sibb. Piscis in Lacu Leviuo — Gerletroch dictus. Geallog is the Gael, name for a salmon trout, Shaw ; and deurgen or tarragan for cliar. Gally- trough might be viewed as comp. of both terms. V'. Red Bklly. GALLOWAY, j-. " A horse not more than four- teen hands high, much used in the North;" Johns. This word, I apprehend, is properly S. It seems to be generally supposed that the term had been bor- rowed from the county of that name in S. Cut it may be merely the Su.G. and Germ, word, xaal'.aeh, cantheriiis, corresponding to E. gelding, icov.: gull tcsticulus, or galt-a, Isl. gcld-a, castrarc. iiire, however, thinks that the name originated from the VValluchiana, who, he says, vkcre the first to use horses of this kind. GALLOWS, s. 1. Expl. .\n elevated station for a view, Loth. If this be an oblique sense of the term used to denote the fatal tree, it is evi- GAM dently a very odd one ; as this station is meant to be the termination of one's prospects in the present life. 2. Three beams erected in a triangular form, for weighing hay, S. ; synon. Gaberts. GALL WINDE, a gale, a strong wind. " Bi'hokl and see how this world is like a working sea, wherein sinue like a gall icinde or strong tyde carrieth many tribulations and destrac(ions from coun- tric to countrie." Z. IJoyd's Last BattcU, p. 544. In another place, the orthography is dilicrent. " Our life like smoke or chalic is carried away as with a gale mnde, and yet we cannot consider." P. I'i56. The term is used as if it were an adj., from Isl. gol, venfusfrigidior, Verel.; gola, flatus lenis et sub- frigid us ; G. Andr. Both the latter writer and Ihre view Su.G. iu/, gelu (cold), ventus acrior et cito transiens. as the root. GALMOUND, Galmouding. V. Gamoumt, GALNES, J-. " Ane kind of mendis, assithment or satisfaction for slauchter," Skene. " Gif ilie wife of ane frie man is slane, her husband sail hauc the Kelchyn, and her friend sail liaue the Cro and Gulncs." Keg. Maj. 15.* iv. e. 38. § 5. According to Dr Macplierson, " Gulmes is a Gaelic word, and means a pledge, or compensation for any thing (hat is carried away or destroyed." — Gael. " Gial is a pledge, and J/ertj' an estimate." Critical Dissert, p. 13. This etymon is very doubtful ; especially as (lie first part of the word has so great an afiinity to Su.G. giaeld, mulcta, the term commonly used by (he Goths to denote compcnsadon of whati ver kind ; A. S.gelcl, Alem. chald, citalt, Germ. gell. Germ, ncs-en, li- borare, salvare. Q. the freedom from imnishmeiit I'urchascd by paying a. fine. Or nea may be merely the A.S. termination. Isl. gillde, pretiura rei, aes. timium horainis ; half gillde, ulgilldc, semi et plenum jiretium solvendum pro damnodato; G. Andr. p. 88. GAM, adj. Gay, sportive, cheerful. Now wo, now Weill, now firm, now frivolous, Now gam, now gram, now louis, now defjis ; Inconstant warld and quheill contrarious. Palt'ce of Honour, i. 6. This seems io have been a proverbial phrase, ex- pressive of the character of an inconstant person, as here of Fortune; q. '• now plajful, then sad," or perhaps angrjj ; A. S. gram, ira, molestia. Grame is used by Chaucer as signifying both fury and grief. Gam is from A. S. gam-inn, ludere, or Isl. gumm-a, jocor, delecto; at giur at gamme, jocari. GAM, J-. A tooth, S. B. gammes, pi. This is rendered gums by Rudd. whom Sibb. follows. His trew companyeouns lodis of the preis, Harland his wery lirabis dolf as Icde, For sorow schakkand to and fro his hede. And scheddis of blude furth spittand throw his lippis. With bludy gammis, led him to thare schyppis. Doug. Virgil, 143. 34. Denies is (he v.'ord used by Virg. This also is the sense in the passage quoted by Iludd. where a lion is described tearing a roc or hart ; 1 G A M And al the beistis bowellis thrymlis throuch, Hurkilland thareon, quhare he remanit and stude, His gredy gammes bedyis with the rede blude. ... ... P. 345. 31. As it is with his teeth that the lion thrjjmlis throuch or penetrates the bowels, Doug, would scarcely say that the guma, which are naturally red, were bedued with blood. Besides, the epithet gredi/ with far great- er propriety applies to the teeth, than (o tlie gums. It is used in the same sense in a silly poem br Clerk. Quod scho, my clip. My unspaynd lam. With mithers milk yit in your gam.-^ Evergreen, ii. '20. st. 6. The word is still common in Ang. It seems espe- cially to denote a large tooth. Thus they say, greit gams, large teeth ; sometimes, gams o' teeth. The only word which this seems to resemble, is Or. yafi-oi, dens molaris. A. S. gom.ieth has the same sense; but apparently from gom-a, palatum, gingiva. GAMAREERIE, adj. Tall, raw-boned and aukward, having somewhat of a grisly appear- ance ; appropriated to a female, S. Perhaps from E. gammer, a term applied to a wo. man. Or, V. Gimjieu. GAM BET, J-. A gambol, the leaping, or caper- ing of one dancing. Vpstert Troyanis, and syne Italianis, And gau do Joubil brangillis and gainhettis, Dansis and roundis trasing raony gatis. Duitg. Virgil, 476. 1. Gambade occurs in O. E. In an account of the marriage of (he daughter of Henry V'll. to James IV . of Scotland, written by John Young, Somerset- Herald, A. 1502, this \vord is used to denote the capering motions of a high-mettled horse. " The Eile of Northumberlaund — was mounted upon a fayr courser; hys harnays of Goldsmythe warke, and thorough that sam was sawen small bells that maid a mellodyous noyse, without sparyng gambuds." Elsewhere it seems to denote ceremonious reve- rence or obeisance. " Before the said Scottysmen passed the Lords, Knyghfs, and Gentlemen, ma\i.y\\gegambatides to the grettgowre;" i.e. to the splendid company, which represented the kingdom in general, as welcoming the Queen ; from Fr. gorre, gorgeousness, pomp, mag- nilicence. Downwards it is added; " The said Lord of Northumberlaund maid his devor at the departynge, of gambads and Icpps, as did likewise the Lord Scrop the Father, and many others that retorned ageyu, in takyngc ther congie." Leland's Collectan. Vol. IV. p. 276. 281. Edit. 1770. Fr. gambade, Ital. gambata, crurium jactatio ; from gamba, Fr. gambe, crus. GAMESONS, Gamysouns, s.pL Armour for defending the forepart of the body. His gloves, his gamesons, glowed as a glede ; With graynes of reve that graied ben gaj/. ■ Sir Gaioan and Sir Gal. ii. 5. Mr Pink, by mistake renders it " armour for the 3 O G A N legs." But it scarcely differs, save in name, from the acton anii jack: I'ln: gamesoii is defined to be "a thick coat, made of linen and liards, or old patches quiltid, and plated with steel." Chron. Colmar, A. 1298. Grose on Ant. Armour, p. 247. Ft. gamboiion, a horseman's quilled coat. O. Fr. gambcson, gaul/cson, gubbi-^on. It appears in a va- ricly of forms in old MSS. ; gambcso, gambcsum, ^ambacium, tcambaxium. The latter is perhaps the more ancient form ; (Jerm. :i;ammcs, wambs, Bclg. Tsambi-y, :sanibcis, thorax, from isambe, venter, as bcin" properly a covering for the belly. V. Wambs, Wacliler, andCluver. Germ. Antiq. Lib. 1. c. 16. §8. GAMFLIN, part. adj. Neglecting one's work from foolish merriment, S. B. This may be from the same root with Su.G.^o/?- nnif , a giildy or wanton person. In a sense nearly allied, young women arc said to be gamjlin with young men, when they pass their time in frolicsome discourse or in romping with them. It may be alli- ed, however, to Su.G. gafflu, to laugh aloud or im- niodfrafclv. GAMYN, s. Game, play. The. g\id King, upon this mancr, Comfort thaim that war him ner, And maid thaim gamyn cc solace. BarboKr, iii. 465. MS. S. eamcii, id. Su.G. lal. sonman, laetitia ; V. Gam, gan glacclje och gamman, laetitia et gaudium. mtj. GAMMES. V. Gam, 2. GALMOUND, Gamount, j-. A gambol, lie bad gallaiids ga graith a gyis. And cast u\) gumounli.y in the skyis, The last came out of P'rance. Dunbar, Runnatyne Poems, p. 17. st. 1. Castand gulmuiindis with bendis and bekis. LijiKhuy^s Warkis, 1592. p. 266. V. also Knox, p. 15. rendered gambade, Lond. edit. |). 16. Hence galmouiiing, gamboling. " It vas ane celest recreation to bchald ther lycht lojicnc, galmouiiing, stcndling bakuart & forduart." Compl. S. p. 102. "Ab antiq. Fr. jnlmc, \)Tojambe ; henci\jalmat/e f>t gculmadc, gambade ;^' Gl. V. G.'^mbettis. GAN,/)rf^ Began. To Scotland went he than in hy, And all the land gan occupy. Harbour, i. 184. MS. This sayand, scho the bing ascendis on ane, And gun embrace half dede hir sister germane. Doug. Virgil, 124. 18. Thus it is used in O. K. Age tills thre louerdingcs the king gan luther to be. R. Glouc. p. 524. " Gan, began," Gl. Thus it is also used by Lydgate. This is evidently the pret. of A. S. gynn-an. Germ. giiin-en, inciporc; MoesG. du-ginii-an, uf~ginn.an, ;d. .\)ein. g-o«rf«, incepit. Wachtcr views Isl. 8n«- a, to bigin, as the radical word. Junius thinks that leginn.cn is from Teut. be or bi signifying to, and . Ihre deems this conjecture not im. i)robable; Lai. ingredi signifying to begin, to enter GAN upon ; and initium being from ineo. This seems much confirmed by the use of Belg. gaan to go, in the same sense ; uan gaan, to go to ; to begin, to un. dertake ; gaande raaken, to begin to stir, the part, being used. The v. gua?i indeed is employed in a great variety of combinations, to denote entrance on any work ; gaan kyken, to go and see, gaan slaapen, to go to sleep, &c. This is sometimes written Can, q. v. GANaND, part. adj. V. GaNE, v. GANARIS, s.pL Ganders. Yit or evin enterit that bure ofTyce, — Grit Ganaris on ground, in gudlie awyce, That war demit but dout Denys duchty. Houlate, i. 16. A. S. gandra, Gloss. Aelfr. ganra, ansi-T : Germ. gans, id. It has been supposed that the name had its origin from the whiteness of the goose. Candidi anseres in Germania, verum minores, ganzae vocan- tur. Plin. Nat. Hist. L. x. c. 22. C. B. cann, white. V. Wachter, vo. Crani'. Wynt. writes ^a«- nyr ; T)o\\^. ganer. Thare was also ingrauit al at rycht The siluer ^a?!e;-, llichterand with loud skry. Doug, f'irgil, 267. 5. GANDANOCK, s. a name given, by the fish- ermen on the shores of the Frith of Forth, to the Saury Pike of Pennant, Esox saurus, Linn. occasionally, if I mistake not, called the snipe- Jish. It arrives in the Forth in shoals generally about the month of September. " The Saury. pike, or skipper, sometimes passes southward in shoals, in September, in company with the herring. — In the Frith of Forth, it is called Gan- dannock. It has uncommonly long slender jaws, so that its mouth resembles very much the bill of the avoset." Neill's Tour, p. 63. " Sometimes about the end of September, there comes a vast shoal of fish, called gandanoois, or Egyptian herrings." P. Alloa, Statist. Ace. viii, 598. To GANE, Gain, Gayn, v. n. i . To be fit, to be proper, to become. Ganand, part. pr. — Lat it duel with the, as best may ^««e, Within that wrechit corps, and thare rcmane, Doug. Virgil. 377. 21. Likle he was, richt byge and weyle beseyne, In till a gyde of gudly ^rt/iaWgreyne. IValluce, i. 214. MS. Guy nand price, a fit or sufHcient price ; Acts Ja. V. c. 29. 2. To belong to. This singil substance indefferentlie thws ganis To thre in ane, and ilkane of thay thre The samyn thing is in ane maiestc. Doug. Virgil. Prol. 309. 24. Goth.^(/«.aA, sufficit; Su G. gagii-a, Isl. gtgu-a, prodosse; from gagn, commodum, utilitas, whence E. gain. The first form in which we trace (he -J. is MoesG. ^age/g-an, liicrari. To Gane, v. a. 1. To fit, to correspond to one's size or shape. T/jut coat does nae gane bi/n, it does not tit him, as implying that it is too wide, or too narrow, S. G A N 2. To wear with one, to last, the pron. added, S. For the loTe ye bear to me, Buy me a pair of shoon then. Oout the auld, the new are dear; — Ae pair may gain ye haff a year. Rit son's S. Songs, i. 174. 3. To .suffice, S. For I brought as much white monie, As gone my men and me. Minstrelsy Border, iii. 66. Gake, Gayn, adj. 1. Fit, proper, useful. Gay- nest, superl. With that, was comen to toun, Holland, with help ful gode, hnAgayn. Sir Tristrem, t^. AQ. Thair of gromys wes glaid, gudly, and ^ane, Lovit Criste of that case, with hartis sa clone. Gav:an and Gol. iv. 3. 2. Near ; applied to a way. Gaynest, used in the sense of nearest, or shortest, or most direct ; S. B. Quhen thai had slayne and wouudyt mony man, Till Wallace In, the gayncft «ay thai can. Thai passyt sone, defendand thaim rycht weill. Wallace, vi. 175. She ran and scream'd, and roove out at her hair. And to the glen the gainest gate can fare. Rusi's Helenore, p. 23. Su.G. gen, utilis. This word is used with respect to roads, as iu the last quotation. Nee praetermit- tendum hoc loco est, gen vc[ gin de viis usurpatum, compendium itineris dcnotare ; ge/iisaeg, via brcvior, quo aliquid itineris facimus compendii. Ihre, vo. Gagn. Ganenykg, i. Supply of any kind that is neces- sary. Hoir is thy ganenyng, all and sum : This is the cowll of Cullielum. Lyndsay, Pink. S. P. Repr. ii. 110. This seems to be an crrat. for Tullielum. GANE, s. " The mouth or throat," Rudd. The hartis than and myndis of our menye Mycht not be satifyit on him to luke and se, As to behald his ouglie ene twane, His teribill vissage, and his grislic ^anc. Doug. Virgil, 250. 29. Saif the alane, Nae Icld haif I luivd all this owk, Fow leis me on that grades ganc. Evergreen, ii. 19. st. 4. Rndd. refers to .\. S. gin, C. ii.gyn, rictus ; Sibb. views it as " slightly varied from gaum, palatum." But if it signify mouth, its origin seems to be C. B. gcn,genae. Corn, gene, Ann. genu, Ir. Ga.e\. gion, all denoting the mouth. C. B. gen also denotes the chin. Perha])s, however, it may respect the lower part of the face in general. ftloesG. /lv';;«/, Isl. fcian7ie, maxilla, the cheek-bone ; or it may signify the snout. G. Andr. mentions Isl. gimia, proboscis, which, I suspect, should from its place be ^in?H«, heing a deriv. of ^^;m, hio, os deduco et pando. I have been informed, that^ane &aA ga7iyie signify the throat, Border. GANER, s. Gander. V. Ganaris. G A N To GANG, Gange, S. B. Gekg, -j. «, i. To go ; to advance step by step, S. A. Bor. " Bynd thame togidder continually in thi hart, and festin thame fast about thi hals, quhen thow gangis lat thame ^anf with the, quhen thow sleipis, lat thame keip the. In. quhen thow walknys, speik with thame." Abp. Ilarailtoun's Catechismc, 1552. Fol. 79. a. 2. To walk, to go out ; applied to a child, S, Quhen thow was young, 1 bure the in my arme. Full tenderlie till thow begouth to gang, And in thy bed oft happit the full war me. Lyndsay' s IVarkis, 1592. p. 224. 3. To proceed, in discourse. Of Cornikle quhat suld I tary lang ? To Wallace agayne r>ow breiffly will I gange. fVatlace, i. 144. MS. 4. To travel on foot ; as opposed to riding, S. Do ye gang, or ride 9 This night I maun be hame afore 1 sleep. Gin ganging wiuna do't, though I sud creep. Ross's Helenore, p. 39. 5. To pass from one state to another. The fassouiis and the ritis, that nocht gang wrang, Of sacrifice to thaym statute I sail. Doug. Virgil, 443. 9. 6. To proceed in any course of life. " Thair is now (sais he) na damnatioun vnto thame that ar in Christ Jcsu, quhilk gangis nocht efter the flesh, hot efter the spirit." Abp. llamiltoun's Gate- chisme, 1552. Fol. 74. b. 7. To have currency, S. " The said penny of gold to haue passage anigang for sxx. of the saidis grotis." Acts Ja. IV. 1488. c. 10. Edit. 1566. 8. To gang thegither, or together, to be married, ia vulgar language, S. We are but young, ye ken. And now we're ^au;; the githcr. Ritson's S. Songs, i. 203. And sae I think it best ye bid the lad Lay's hand to his heart, and to the bargain had(5. For I am much mistane, gin, at the last, To gang together be not found the best. Ross's Helenore, p. 90, 9. To gang to gait, to go abroad. Ye sail weir even as ye would, — Your myssell quhen ye gang to gait, Fra sone and wind baith air and lait, To kepe that face sa fair. Philotus, Pink. S. P. Repr. iii. 14. 10. To gang to the gait, to set out on a journey, S. B. Now by the time that they a piece had ta'en. All in a brattle to the gate are gane. Ross's Helenore, p. 96. This seems formed from gae, as A. S. gangan, from ga.n, gaa-n. Su.G. gaang-a from gaa, ire, and faeng-a, from faa, accipcre. There is one circum- stance, however, that creates a ditficulty. In MoesG. the oldest known dialect, the v. appears only in the form of gagg-an, pron. fang.an. Alem. gang.an^ Yie\g. gangh.en, U\. gaiig.a. In Ang. the word is pron. gctig, like Isl. eg gcng, I go. V. Ga, Gae, s. G A N Gavg, s. 1. a journey. Jfcr ge/ig^ S.B. along journey, or a lont^ walk. A. S. gung, h\.ga/ig-r, iter, ambiilatio, iiu.G.gaeng, itus, actus eundi. 2. A pasture or walk for catrlc. The /jai// gang, the wliole extent of pasture. AJtnc gang, an excellent ])asture, S. raik, synon. Isl. gong-r is used in a kindred sense, rusticorum iter, cum pecudcs AiUiiniiio compelluiit ; G. Andr. p. S3. 3. As mucli as one goct for, or carries, at once. •j4 gang of water, what is brought from the well at one time, S. Svv. en gaang, one time. For dcnna gaangen, for this bout. 4. In composition, a passage. Throw-gang, a lane, an alley. Sv.'. gaang, a passage : en morck gaang, a dark passage. Ganging, j'. Going. T— (iulu-n the F.ric Tlionias pcrsawiiig Had oil' (hair ciimiiiyng and (hd'it ganging, He gat him a giid cum|)any. Harbour, xiv. 400. MS. Ganging Gudes. This phrase is used by Cal- lander, MS. Notes on Ihre. lie refers (o Sii.G. gangandc fae, mobilia, as dis- tinguished from li ggande Juc, bona imraobilia, S. lijii'g grail h. S. guiigin grailk, or gear, denotes the furniture of a niiln which a tenant is bound to uphold ; lijing grailh, tliat which is upheld by a landlord. S. B. gauin gruilh, apparatus of any kind that is in good order. Gangar, Genger, J. A walker. A gude geng. er, a good walker, S. B. A. S. garigere, pedes, pedester, " a footman," Somner. Gangarei,, Gangrel, y. i. A wandering per- son, one who strolls from place to place, a va- gabond, Ang. llow scho is tute.mowit lyk ane aep ; And lyk :i giingtirel onto graep. Dunbar, Muilland Poems, p. 97. Perhaps it means, to grope on like a blind beggar. U\. gniigiifolk, those who beg from door to door, mendici osiiaiim pctentes; G. Andr. p. 83. V. L., term. 2, A child beginning to walk, Ang. — Nory now a gungrcl trig was grown, And had begun to toddle about the town. Rosi,\s llelcnore, p. 13. 3. Metaph. used to denote a novice. Take yet anither j-«;?^n'// by the hand : As gryt's my mister, an' my duds as bare. Ros\\s Uelenore, Introd. Su.G. gnngling, qui inter cundem vacillat ; Ihre. Gangarris, s.pl. This seems to be a cant phrase anciently used for feet; like the modern one, sheep's trotters, for the feet of sheep. Or per- haps ludicrously, from A. S. gangere. He is our mtkil to be your mcssoiin, AladaiiH- I red you get a les on ; IWi: gungurris all your chalmers schog. Dunbar, Mailland Poems, p. 91. V. Gangar. Gangdayis, s. pi. Days of perambulation, or of walkmg through the bounds of a parish, in Ro- gation week. They walked round the fields and meadows, carrying torches, holy water, and the "nages of Saints, partly for the purpose of blcs- G A N sing the new-sown crop, and partly to prevent the incursions of destructive animals. This custom, according to G. Andr., was transmit- ted from the times of heathenism. " In this tyme was institut the proccssioun of tlie gangdai/is in t'rancc, thre dayis afore the Ascension day, be Mamercius byshop of Veen." Bellend. Cron. H. ix. c. 6. A. S. gang-dagas, Su.G. gangdugar, id. GANYE, Gainye, Genyie, Gaynyhe, s. l. An arrow, a dart, a javelin. -- Sche that was in that craft rycht expert, — Glidis away vnder the fomy sois, Als swift as ganije or fedderit arrow fleis. Boti^. f'irgil, 323. 46. So thyk the gam/eis and the tlanys tlcw, That of takyllis and schafiis all the feildis War strowit. — Ibid. 301. 48. Willame of Dowglas thare wes syne Wyth a spryngald guynijlia throw the The. JVi/ntozin, viii. 37. 59. i. e. Shot through the thigh with an arrow or javelin thrown from an engine. 2. An iron gun, as opposed to the use of bow and arrow. We may nocht tie fra yon barge wait I weill, Weyll stuft thai ar with gwn ganye of steill. fValiace, x. 816. MS. *' Ir. gaine, reed, cane, (Lhuyd) arrow, (Bullet) Isl. gun-a, to rush ;" Gl. Wynt. Ganco, hasta, vel jaculum, lingua Gallica ; Du Cange. The use of the term, by H. Minstrel, if not improper, would suggest that the word were radically the same with gyn, as being merely an abbrcv. of Fr. engin. L. B. ingen.ium, applied to military engines. GANIEN, J-. Boasting in the way of exaggera- tion or lying ; Banffs. GANYEILD, Genyell, s. A reward, a re- compence, a requital. Tile goddis mot condingly the foryeild, Eftir thy deserte rendring sic ganyeild. Doug. Firgi/,''t)7. 3. Also 284. 17. Thay wald half wating on alway, But guerdonn, gciiycitd, or [regard]. Bannutyne Poems, p. 209. st. H. Out of your shins the substance rins, They get no genyell ells. Uulncvis, Evergreen, ii. 200. The last phrase seems to allude to the custom of giving a yard or ell gratis, to the score, or as a re. compence for purchasing a certain numljer of yards. Lord Hailes strangely fancies that genyicld is q. yield gain, or profit. It is evidently from A. S. gen, again, and gild-an, to pay. GANK, s. «* An unexpected trouble ;" Gl. Ross, S. B. But for the herds and gueeds ill tvas I paid. \Vhat^«?2A.s I met with, now I sanna tell. Ross's Uelenore, p. 87. Perhaps radically the same with bcgunk. V. Begeck. GANSALD, Gansell, s. " A severe rebuke, S." Rudd. " Its a gude grace, but an ill gunsell," S. Prov. ; spoken of those, who, having commended a person G A P or thing, add some reflection or other timt is a vir- tual retraction of all the praise previously bestowed. Riidd. views this as the same with gattt/ciUl^ a re- ward. Cut this word, although erroneously printed gaincildi ought undoubtedly to he ganyciU. Now, although the y has by the ignorance of copyists been written s, it has never in one instance been pronounced in this manner, in the language of the vulgar. Su.G. gensaegche siguilics contradiction. Our word, however, may be rather q. gen, against, and sacl-ia to deliver, to pay, whence sal a fine for ho. micide. Although I have heard the I'rov. used in con. versation, only as given above, it is proper to observe that Kelly has it, " A good goose, bnt she has an ill gcinsel ;" p. 30, and Uamsay, " A good goose m.iy have an ill gamcl,^' p. 11. Kelly explains gaii.irl "■• gabble." GANSCH, s. A snatch at any thing ; pro- perly applied to a dog, S. Perhaps per metafh. from the same origin with E. g>tash. To GANT, Gaunt, v. n. i. To yawn, by opening the mouth, S Djun thrung vnder this mont Enceladus body with thunder lyis half bront, And hidduous Ethna aboue his bely set ; Quhen he list^rt;;^ or blaw, the fyre is bet, And froni that fuhiis the flanibe doith brist or glide. Doug. I'irg'il, 87. 55. " Gaunting bodes wanting, one of three, ^leat, siccj), or good company. S. Prov. ''' When peojjle yawn, they are either hungry, sluepy, or solitary ;" Kelly, p. 119. A.S. gan~ia}i, geon-iun, gin-an, gin.ian, Alem, Belg. g/'cn-eti, Isl. gyn-a, id. ; gaen-a, Sw. gnn-a, are doducto adspicere j Gr. ;e«"-*'. hiare. \&\.gante, iners. Gant, Gaunt, s. A yawn, S. Sum rasit ane cry with walk voce as thay mocht : Bot al for nocht, tharc clamour was ful skant, The soundis brak with gaspyng or a.w:gant. Doug. Virgil, 181. 18. V. the v. GANTREES, s. A stand for ale-barrels, S. Syne the blyth carles tooih and nail Fell keenly to the wark ; To ease the ga?}trees of the ale, And try wha was maist stark. Ramsay's Poems, i. 275. The last part of the word seems to be merely frees, as denoting barrels. It is probable that this stand was originally employed for supporting barrels or casks of ale when in a state of fermentation ; from Tcut. gaen, fermentescere. It is also written ^««/;-_j/, which seems the pron. of Aberd. from tree in sing. May — bottled ale in mony a dozen, Aye lade thy gantry '. Beatiic's Address, Rois's Jlelenore, st. 3. GAPPOCKS, s. pL Gappocks of skate, « Gob- bets, morsels, pieces," Gl. Sibb. There will be tartan, dragen and brochan, And fonth of ^oodgnp pocks of skate. Fk it son's S- SongSy i. 21 1. GAR Guhbock, Herd's Collection, ii. 25. If this be the form, perhaps from Gab the mouth. GAPUS, s. A fool, a silly fellow ; also gilly. g^^pus^ gilly.gaupy, and gil/ygacus, S. " On asuddenty, our great ^//%fl.;,oa* fallow o' a coachman turned o'er our gallant cart amon' a heap o' shirrels an' peat-mow." Journal from London, p. 3. Here it is used as an adj. " Pottage," quoth Hab, " yc senseless tawpie! Think.ye this youth's s. gilly.gaicpy ; And that his gentle stamock's master, To worry up a pint of plaister .'" ^ n.amsay'i Poems, ii. 525. Thus to Lcuconoe sang sweet Flaccus, Wha nane e'er thought agillygacus. Ibid. p. 349. Isl. gape, id. ; fatuus, hiulcus ; Su.G. gaper, a braggadocio. G. Andr. derives the one, and Ihrc the other, from gap-a, to gape, q. inhians captator. Belg.gaaper, spectator defi.vus, qui spectandi avi. ditatem oris hiatu prodit. Hodie— dicitur tantum dc pueris et stultis, qui res omncs, etiam futilcs, ct nuUo hiatu dignas admirantur. Isl. gapasyn, vana circumspcctio ; Verel. Isl. gilia signilics, to entice, to allure to love ; faemellas fascinarc in Venercra. 'ihw^ gilligapus might originally denote a fool that might be easily enticed. V. Jaip, v. To GAR, Ger, v. a. 1. To cause, to make, S. A. Bor., Lancash. Within sa stoutly thai thaim bar, That the schipmen sa handlyt war. That thai the schip on na maner Mycht ger to cum the wall sa ner, That thar fallbrig mycht ncych thartill. Barbour, xvii. 418. MS. Waynour^arcrf wisely write in the west, To all the religious, to rede and to sine;e. Sir Gaxian and Sir Gal. ii. 2&. First I mon gar the vnderstand, How Adam gaue cxpresse command. That those quhilks cum of Sethis blude — Suld not contract with Caynis kin. Lyndsay's fVartis, p. 83. 1592. I find it used, by the same writer, without anv other verb. Than the nynt spheir, and mouar principall Of all the laif, we veseit all that heuin, Quhais daily motioun is continuall ; Baith firmament, and all the planetis seuin, From eist to west, garris thame full euin, Into the space of four and twenty yeiris. Dreme, ibid. p. 240. 2. To force, to compel, S. This is only a es- condary sense. — All, that wyth the Kyng war thare, Owt of tlie castell thai put then, And stuffyd it wyth thare awyne men, And^ert the Kyng of Scotland And the Qwene be thare bydand. fVynfouin, vii. 10. 123. Hence the S. Prov. " Gar wood is ill to grow ;" '• a return to them that say thay will gar, that is force, you to do such a thing; as if they would find a hard task ;" Kelly, 119, 120. It occurt in O. E. GAR Aristotle and other moe to argue I taught, Crammer for gyrlci I garde firsle to wrytc, And beat hem with a bales, but if they would Icarnc. !'■ Vloicman, V. 48, a. Mr F.llis explains gart, as occurring in another passage, " made, Sax." Bnt I can find no cvi- dcnec (hat this word was ever used in A.S., unless grarw-ian, to prc|)are, should be ?iewcd as the same. As Langland. the supposed author of the Vision, is said to have lired in Vorks., he might have borrowed this word from some of the Northera counties. It is used, however, by Minot, Chauc, &c. Su.G. gocr-a, anc. giaer-a, gar.a, Dan. gior. Is!, gior.a, facere. Ihre views Alem. gar.en, garuu.cn, and A. S. gearw-ian., parare, as allied. He observes that Arm. ic ghciire signifies, thou hast done, cf ghcurc, he hath done, from^ra, fui cere, lie also mentions the consonancy of Lat. gcro, which often signifies, to make, as gerere heli- um. Among terms supposed to be allied, Pcrs. kerd-ia, to do, to make, has been taken notice of. GARATOURIS. V. Greis. GARB, s. 1. A young bird, Ang. 2. Metapti. a child, Ang. ; gorbet, synon. Perhaps from \s\. gacr, vorax; or rather Nor w. gorp, gorpr, a raven. GARDEROB, s. Wardrobe, *' An aqultancc S{ discharge to the Earle of Dum- bar of the kings jewels k gardcrob." Table un- printed Acts, Ja. VI. Pari. 18. Fr. gardc-rolc. GARDEVYANCE, s. A cabinet. Qiihuire he leit bludc it was no lawchtir, Full inoiiy instrument for slawchtir AVas in his gardcvijance. Dunbar, liannatyne Poems, p, 20. st. 5. Fr. !;ardc dc viandes, a cup. board. GARDY, s. The arm; pi. gardeis, gardyis ; S. B. gardies. Thus sayd he, and anonc with ane swak His gardi/ vp has benUit fer abak. Doug. Firgil, 384. 3. — In a hint he claspt her hard and fast, With baith \i\s gardies round about her waist. Ross's Htlcnore, p. 98. Rudd. and Sibb. think that the arms are thus de- nominated, because they serve as guards tothebodj'. As Lat. uliui, which properly denotes the arm, is also used to signify the measure borrowed from it, an c/l ; and as in the same manner the Goth, terms, el, eln, ullciiia, i.Vc. which properly denote the bending of (he arm, are employed to express the same measure, it might be supposed that the name gardjj had originated from gard, a yard of measure, the arm bting (he original and primitive standard. V. Oaiidis. Hut it is more probably of Collie ori- gin ; as C. B. gurhi/d signifies, ulna, and Gael.^afV- daiii. the arm. GardY-CIIAir, s. An elbow chair, Aberd. " He was well wordy o' the gard^. chair itscll." .Tournal from London, p. 1. GARDIS, s.p/. Yards. The fomy siouro of se) is rays th;ire and here, Throw I'ers bak drauchds o{ sere gardis scjuare GAR Thay fcuch the fludis Doug, firgil, 132. 16. Rudd. views gardis as the plur. ofgardt), the arm. But the expression here evidently means, " several square yards." The word, as thus used, is merely A. S. ^car-ron. Gctm. gurr, gurr, C. B. gorwi/dil, equus ; Teut. gor re, eqna, caballns; dicitur plerumque equus an. nosus et strigosus, Kilian. Sw. gurre, equa, used in the same sense as Teut. gorre, Wachter. Isl. Joor, equus, jumentum. Siielman, however, says ; Juraenta, sen caballi colonici, are "' in Ireland railed garrons." Ir. gar. run, " a strong horse, a hackney or work horse, perhaps a dimin. of gaOhar, a horse, pronounced and written gearrun, or giorran ;" Obrien, Gael. gearran<, a workhorse, a hack ; Shaw. It must be observed, however, that L. B. warranto signifies a stallion, equus admissarius ; Hisp. guaragn-oriy Ital. guaragn-o, Fr.fcrrand, id. GARRON NAILS, large nails of different sizes, spike nails, S. GARSONj.j'. An attendant ; used in the gene- ral sense of retinue. Queue was I somewile, brighter of browes Then Berell, or Brangwayn, thes burdes so bolde ; — Gretter than Dame Gaynour, of garson, and golde. Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. ii. 12. Fr. garson, a boy ; from gars, a male. Su.G. gassc, puer. GARSUMMER, s. Gossamer, «' the long white cobwebs which fly in the air in calm, sunny weather ;" Johns. His breech. s and his cassock were Made of the tinsel Gursummer. King of Vuiri), f Vat son's Coll. i. 138. Johns, derives the H. word from L. B. gossipium. As, however, the Germans call it sommerzceben, ani XBCibersommcr, i. e. the webs of summer ; and as the word, as written by Chaucer, has partly the same coui[)o.sition ; it is not imjirobable that it is an O. Goth, word, expressing something in relation to summer, although the meaning of the first syllabic be lost. This is called normivcbs. Border. Teut. heijst draet seems equivalent ; fila sereno coelo in aere texta, praecipue autumni tempore ; Kilian, q. harvet threads. V. Lamp, 2. GART, Gert. Prct. of Gar, Ger, q. v. GARTANE, Gairtain, s. A garter, S. — Sync clampit up Sanct Peter's keiss, Bot of ane auld reid gartane. Symmyc and his Broder, Chron. S. P. i. 360. Gael, gairtein, id. Goth, girtur, Isl. giorde, cingula; from giord-a, to gird. GARTEN BERRIES, Ladj Garten berries^ " bramble berries, rubus fructicosus ;" Gl. Sibb. GARTH, s. 1. An inclosure. Yhit this gud wilf held Wallace till the nycht, Maid him gud cher, syne put hyra out with slycht, Throw a dyrk garth scho gydit him furth fast, In cowart went, and vp the wattyr past. Wallace, i. 257. MS. " Guith, []. Garth] a small pattle of enclosed cul- tivated ground, with waste land around it." Barry's Orkney, p. 224. 2. A garden. I muvit furth alane, quhenas midnicht wespast, Besyd anegudlie gvcne garth full of gay flouris, Hcgeit, of ane huge hicht, with hawthorne treis. Dunbar, Maitlund Poems, p. 44. Mr Pink, derives it from Celt, ghicarth, a fort or castle, literally, an inclosure. But it is evidently from A. S. geard, an inclosure, also a garden. Grene geardas, green gardens ; Somner. Su.G. Dan. gaard, hortus. Sercn. derives the Su.G. word from guard- a, to hedge. Ulphilas uses aurtiganb (or garden, A, S. ortgeard, weortgard; which s«ems literally to GAS signify a place fenced for the preservation of herbs or fruits ; hence K. orc/m/c/. V. Gords. IIARVIE, s. The sprat, a small fish, taken m friths and bays, S. Clupea sprattus, Linn. '< Sardina, the sprat : 1 take tliis to be the same fish we i-M the Gtiriic." Sibb. Fife, 127. u They arc often very successful ni taking the smaller fi-h, such as herrings, garvics, or sprats, siu,rUiig.s or smelts. P. Alloa, Statist. Ace. vm. 507. This is considered by some as merely a young or small-sized herring. But it is a diflerent species. The Germans seem to ha\c the same idea with re- spect to the sprat, which is entertained by many in S. as to its being a kind of herring. For they call it meerhering, from iiieer the sea, and hering a her- ring. Why it should be called a sea herring, it is not easy to conjecture. It might seem probable that this fish, as being of an uncertain species, recciTcd its name from the place in the vicinity of which it had been first caught, Inch--h, G A U To sec liis snowt, to hear hin* play, And gab sae gash. Rarnsa^'s Poems, i. 23S. Here the adj. is used adverbially. 2. Having the appearance of sagacity joined with that of self importance, S. Here farmers j'rts/i, in ridin graith Gaed hoddin by their cotters. Burn^, iii. 31. 3, Trim, well-dressed; having a certain appear- ance of dignity. At that time men cou'd gang to market, W^i' plaiding hose, and straiken sarkct, Wi' coat of kelt, and bluish bonnet. And owrlay white, as wife cou'd plan it, And garters ty'd aboon the bran ; And gash they thoucht such country-man. li. Gal!oioui/'s Poems, p. 111. The same conjecture has occurred to me, which Sibb. mentions, that it may be an abbreviation of Fr. sdgace, from Lat. sagti.r. Gash, s. A projection of the under jaw, S. «• One with a long out chin, we call gash-gab- bet, or gash-beard ;" Gl. Rams. To Gash, v. n. I. To project the under jaw, S. 2. To distort the nacuth in contempt, S. Fr. gauche, awry ; gatich.ir, to writhe, Germ. gosche, rictus, grinning or opening the mouth in scorn ; also contemptuously applied to the mouth itself. GAST, s, A gust of wind, Aberd. A. S. gest, id. GASTROUS, adj. Monstrous, Dumfr. Germ. gastrig, squalidus ? GATE, s. A way. V. Gait. GATE, s. Jet. V. Get. Or than amyd the blak terebynthe Growis by Oiicia, and as the gate dois schyne. Doug. Virgil, 318, 29. Yet, Dunbar. Tent, ghet, Belg. gif,^YT.jai)et, A. S. gugat, Lat. ' gagut-es. GATING, />.'^^^/>r. Bot as the foular casts his cair His catch for to prcuent, So they war trajjit in the snair. Into an accident : Still waiting anA gating, Quiiill thay wer all oretane. Bur'd's Pilgr. Watson's Coll. ii. 33. The word, from its connexion, suggests the idea of gazing, looking around, or jierhaps conjecturing. If the former be the s;;nse, it must be allied to Isl. giaet-a, observarc ; ^f/a, attcndere, curare, cavere, pret. gaede ; whence gaat, cnra, ad hafa gaut a, curarn ad inspectionein habere ; gaatlaiis, negligens. If the latter; to Isl. Su.G. gaef-u ; A. S. gct-an, conjectiiram faccre. But the former is most proba- ble.' V. G. Andr. p. SI. SC. 88. GAUCY, Gaucie, GAWsy,^.-^'. l. Plump, jol- ly, big and at the same time lusty, S. The term seems properly to denote that stateliness of appearance for which one is solely indebted to size. G A U «' The first was a Iciftcnaut o' a ship, a gaucy, swack young fallow." Journal from London, p. 1 . For [iii-"cr a ])roti( kl li.is he doen, Fan U was fair fair thiys ; Xor \\il\ioui giwaj Diouii'de, A\'ho wis liis guide always. Poems in the Bticlmn Dialect, p. 11. 2. Applied to any thing large, S. lihgaucie tail, wi' upward curl, Hung o'er his hurdics wi' a swirl. Burns, iii. 3. 3. Metaph. stately, portly : applied both to per- sons and things. Weel might ye trow, to see them there, — A\ han pacing wi' a.guii\'if air In gude braid clailli. Feigusson's I'uemi, ii. 21, 22. Lang syne, my Lord, 1 liad a court, And nobles lill'd my cawsy : But since 1 have been fortune's Sport, I look nae hawjf siie^ari-y/. llaifisays Pvcnif, i. 48. C. B. gi/aa, Arm. goai, jjuse denote a youth ; Su.G. gaaife, a male as ojiposed to a female ; also, a boy. As Servius, in his Notes on Virgil, observes that (he Gauls called strong men Gaesi, Aeneid. lib. 8. J Ihre, views the Su.G. word as originally the same. The tiauls, in their own language, accord- ing to Polybius, called mercenary troops Gcfsatac. Canxlcn has observed, that the Britons give the name of guestin to those whom he calls servi eon. ductitii. This is merely the pi. of C. B. ^//aj- ; or of the compound word /rt?\f£'«<;A, a champion, i.e. guas gici/gh, a stout lad; Letter to the Welih, Trausl. p. 21. Servius says, that as the Roman ha tit or spear was by the Gauls called gessa, they denominated strong men, gaesi, because they used spears of this kind in battle. But Bullet, with greater pro. priety, derives the term from giias already men- tioned ; and refers to an aacient Glossary, as ren. dering ^'t'^, hommes vaitluns. Froissart calls sol- ixen gcus ; and ghaes is a combatant. C. B. guas commonly denotes a servant, as well as a young man. Hence many learned writers have supposed thai tlie^ being thrown away, Fr. ra^ was formed, and that this is the origin of vassal, the di. min. of which is vasse/et, whence valet, a servant. Ihrc observes, that as Su.G. gasse denotes a boy, soldiers are called ^o.vsar. This terra being adopted by the Germans, it fre- quently occurs in their compound names ; as ^-liio. guesus, strong in battle ; Laiiiogacsus, powerful at the sword. Many examples may be found in Wacht. TO. Gesus. Theword cameafterwards into disrepute, so as to denote a person of ihe meanest or vilest character. Thus gheiis, mendicus impudens. Ki- Han ; what we would call a sturdy beggar, or in vulgar language, a randi/ beggar. This is viewed as the origin of Fr. gueux, a beggar ; a name given from contempt to the first Protestants in the Low Countries, who began to throw oft" the yoke of the tyrannical and unfeeling Philip II. of Spain. I shall only add, tliat various vestiges of the same word may be traced in Gael. ^ as gaise, gaifge, G A U valour, feats of arms, gaisgeachd, id., gaisdidhaacK, ■A cham^xoxi, gaisgal, valiant. GAUCKIT, adj. Stupid. V. GovvKiT. GAUD, Gav.'d, s. I. A trick. Quhat God amouit him, with sic anc ta^'ut In his dedis, to vse sic siicht and framie r lio'-'g- Virgil, -Mb. 3!. 2. A. bad custom or habit, of whatever kind, S. B. This word, although always tised in a bad sense, does not necessarily imply the idea of cunning, as it has been generally e;q>laincd. It is often thus expressed, an ill gaude. It is used Ijy Chaucer as signifying a jest, a trick ; and has been derived from P'r. gaiid-ir, to be fro- licksome; also to jest. Serenius refers, without any good reason, to Goth, guud, latrafiis. There might seem to be some afiinity with Isl. gacd, 01. Lex. ged, indoles, atTectus, "to which Belg. gade, cura, is evidently allied. But supposing Fr. gaitd-ir the origin, this must certainly be traced to Su.G. g:icd-as, Is!, gaed-ast, gaet-asf, laetari, Bulg. guil-en, placere. The root is hi. gaa, gaudium, gciticulatio. GAVEL, Gawil, s. The end-wall of a house, properly the triangular or higher part of it,. S. gahle-end, E. The NorthsyJ swa westwart, And (hat west ^a-^;7 alsua, In-til hys tyme all gert he ma. Wyntu-j^n., vii. 10. ^75. 'i\\.Q<. gafKel, Belg. ^dj'Ci!, id. MoesG. j-iTi/a, a' pinnack- ; Isl. gaf., the eiu} of any thing, as of a ship, a house, he. This G. Andr. traces to Ilea. h2.i, gebel^ terminus. GAVELOCK, s. An iron crow or lever, used in quarrying stones, S. The ancient Goths gave the name of ^./^r/ci to a kind of dart which they used ; A. S. giifeliicas, hastilia. Matth. Paris, A. 1256, observes that the Frisians used missile weajjons, which they called. gav'loces. Hence Fr. Javelle. javellut, E. Javelin. . Hire explains gajfcl as signifying whatever is fork- ed, or has two branches, qiiicquid bifiircum est. Hence onr gareloclc receives its name, as being gene, rally divided into two toes at the lower end. Su.G. gujjlack denotes an ancient javelin or dart used a. mong the Goths. Pelletier, (Diet. Celt.) derives gajjiack from two Celt, words, gulf, forked, and Jlach a statf or rod, as signifying a forked s(aff. But Ihre views the Celts as borrowing from the Goths in this instance. And it deserves notice, that A. S. gdjla signifies furca. This word, A. Bor. denotes an iron bar for entering stakes into the ground. GAUGES, s.pl. Wages, salary. " It is desyrit of our saids Lords and College of Justice, for bettir expeditioun of the multitude of actionis that presentlic cumes befoir you and thaim, to haife the said College eiked the nowmer of six, and in the meyn tynie, the g'lages to be eiked and augraentit, to the effect the said Lords may bettir wait upon the administration of justice." Acts Scd' 2 March 1562. Fr. gdg^s, id. most probably anc. wilUcn gmigcs ; L, B. gag.ium, id. guag-ium, pigaus. 3? G A -\V GAUKIE, Gawky, j-. " A foolish staring idco- tical person." Sometimes it also implies the idea of some degree of lightness of conduct, S. Wert thou a ^'igVit gmcl-j/ like the luvf, That little brttrr than our iiowt behave; At naught thcj'll ferly, siinselcss tales believe, Be blyth for silly hechts, for trifles grieve; Sic ne'er coud «jn my heart. — Hamsun's Poemf, ii. 108. The term is also applied to a man, although sel- dom. Daft carle, dit your mouth, What signifies how pawky. Or gentle born ye be ; but youth, la love you're but aga'^lj/. Ibid. ii. 299. Sw. guck, Su.G. geci, a. fool, Germ. gad;c, a fhnpleton. This seems the same with O. E. goly, A charter is chalencheabic, before a chiefe justice If false laten be in that letter, the laweis impugne, Or painted pentrelniarie, or perccll ouerskipped, The gome that gloscth so charters, for a goky is holden. P. Plo;cman, l'"ol. 37. b. Skinner renders this, vir vilis, tcnebrio, as if it meant a rascal, a lurker, deriving it from Fr. co. quin. But he certainly mentions a better etymon, as communicated by a friend, Sw. gook^ a cuckow, Teut. ^aaf/i, a fool. V. Gowk. Gaukit, G.^wkie, adj. Foolish, giddy, S. formed from the .r. AVcU said, a gaxclic name is easy won, And some's ca'd swift wha ne'er a race has run. Morison^s Poems, p. 137. G.'MJL, s. Dutch myrtle, S. V. Scotch-gale. G.A.ULF, s. A loud laugh. V. Gawf. To GAUNT, V. n. To yawn. V. Gant. GAUT, s. *' A hog, a sow ; as, a viilUgaut ;" S. Sir J. Sinclair's Observ. p. 180. This word, 1 imagine, is properly S. B. It is evidently the same with Isl.^a//, golt, Su.G. galU, sus cxsectuset adultus ; from guell-a castrarc. Su.G. ^y/ra pnrceira, A.'S.jiites, E.gelt, Bc\g.gclle, ToGAW,^-. a. 1. To gall, S. " Touch a ^arii'J horse on the back, and he will fling ;" Ferguson's Prov. p. 31. C. Metaph., to fret, S. That clattern Madge, my titty, tells sic flaws, Whene'er our Meg her cankart humour jfau?.?. — Ramsay s Poems, ii. 117. To Gaw, v. n. To become pettish, Loth. ; q. to be galled. Yet prudent fouk may tak the pet : Ancs llirawarf porter wad na let llim in while latter meat was hett, llv guia'd lou sair, Flung in liis lulillc o'er the yett, Whilk ne'er tlid mair. RamfUj/'s Pecais, i. 037. Caw, s. The mark left on the skin by a stroke or wound, or in consequence of the pressure of a rope or chain, S. gt //, E. His shoven shiukrs shaves the marks no doubt, Of teugh UU ,• tkore's tyres aad ot»cr tawes, GAW And girds of galoys growand now in get::!?. Polzaart, Watson's Colt. iii. 24. i. e. " His peeled shoulders show the marks of the cat-and-ninc tails. Of these, andof the marks of other instruments for flogging, there are fires or rows ; as well as of the strokes received on board the galleys, which grow in diflercnt cicatrices." GAW, ' s. A gall-nut. " It is a tight tree that has neither knap nor gais ;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 44. Su.G. gallc, vitium, defectus. GAW, s. 1. A furrow or small trench made for drawing off water, S. " Gaza is that slit or opening made by a plough or spade in the side of a pond, loch, or stagnated water, by which it is drained oft". — It is drawn from a loch in the parish of Stewarton by a gain, in which it runs at some distance, and then seeks a course for itself." P. Kilraaurs Ayrs. Statist. Ace. ix. 354. N. 2. A hollow with water springing in it, Ang. This, aJthough the ^ is lost in pronounciation, is probably allied to Isl. gcil fissura, ruptura, in monte, &c. gil, in clivis et montium iateribus hiatus, scu vallis angusta ; aJvcus profundus et laxus ; G. Andr. p. 85. 88. GAW"D, s, A goad for driving oxen, S. GI'. Ross. Hence the proverbial phrase, CorTte out afore the gawd, Come forward and shew your- self. Then says to Jean, come out afore ^e gaxsd, And let folks see gin ye be what ye'er ca'd. Ross's Helcjtorc, p. 128. V. Gab. GAWDNIE, Gowdnie, j-. The yellow Gur* nard, or Dragonet of Pennant, a fish ; Callio- nymus Lyra, Linn. ; Fife. " The Gaudnic, as the fishers call it, gilt-ntrked and backed, — of the bigness of a small whiting." Sibb. Fife, 129. '^ Its colours, which are yellow, blue, and white, are very vivid when the fish is new caught. The blue in particular is of inexpressible splendour, hav- ing the richest caerulean tints, glowing with a gem- meous brilliancy. Hence the name Goimiriie, i. e. gold.Jish." Ibid. N. To GAWF, Gaff, v. n. To laugh violently and* coarsely, to give a horselaugh, S. Gaffin they wi' sides sae sair ; Cry, " W.oe gac by him !"' Rnmsai/'s Poems., ii. 351. —Who gart the lieges ^a,v//" and girn ay, Aft till the cock pioclaiiu'd tbi: morn. Hid. i. 327. Sa.G. gaffia sig has the same meaning ; cachin- nare, imraoderato risu ora distorquere, Sw. gaffe-- lung, dcrisio. These seem derived from Gtrm. gaff- cn, to gape, OS pandere, hiare ; if not from Isl. gaa, iirisio. V. Kristnis.ng. GI. Gaulf, Gawf, Gaff, Gaffaw, A horse- laugh, S, *' The Quenc Regent sat at the tyme of the as. sauit — upoua th? foir.^vail of the castell of lldiu- G E A burghe, ami qulien selie perceaved the OTerthraw of \is, and tliat tlie Enscnyels of the Frcnche war a- gain displayit upoun the walls, sche gave aiu! gauf of lauchter, and said, Ko-c uill I go to the jMcs, and prays God for that xchil/i m^ ct/is have scin." Knox's ilist. p. '227. The same word, with a slight variation of ortho- graphy, is used as an adj. " Hir ponipe lackit one principall point, to nit, ■womanly gravity ; for quhcn sche saw Johne Knox standing at the uther end of the tabill bair-heidit ; sche first smylit, and efter gave a f«M//" lauchter." Ibid. p. 340. " When lie came into the house, the devil gave a great ^q^ of laughter. ' You have now. Sir, done my bidding.' ' Not thine, answered the other, but in obedience to God, have I returned to bear this man company, whom thou dost afflict." Sinclair's Satan's Invisible World, p. 4S. Syne cirulitig wheels the llattering ^q^aK?. Ran!saii''s Pufitis, i. 327. Perhaps the word in this form may have original, ly denoted an universal roar of laughter in a com- pany ; q. the garsf of «', i. c. all. It is still said, Thei/ gat up tiu' a gaffais, They all laughed loud. To GAWP UP, IK a. To devour, to eat greedi- ly, to swallow voraciously, S. Sync till't he fell, and sccm'd right yap His mealtith quickly up to gaxi'p. Ramsat/^s Pocin'^, ii. 531. " Good gear is not to be gapped;"'' Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 28. This may be from Isl.^a/j.a, biare. But I sus- pect that it is radically the same with E. gulp. And so sittcu they to euensong, & songen other. while, Tyll Glotton had igolped a gallon and a gill. His guttes began to gothlen, as two gredy sowes. P. Ploughman, Fol. '25. b. In edit. 1561, it is igalped. Sw. gulpa, buccis vorare deductis, Belg. golp~en, ingurgitare, avide haurire. Gawp, s, A large mouthful, S. GAWRIE, s. The name given to the Red Gur- nard, S. Trigla cuculus, Linn. " The red Gurnard, or Rotchet ; our fishers call it the Gavirie." Sibb. Fife, 127. Perhaps corr. from Fr-gourneau, or Germ, iurrc- fische, id. Schoneveldc gives it the latter name. "GAWSIE, adj. Jolly. V. Gaucy. GEAN, Geen, s. A wild cherry, S. " The orchard [is remarkable] for a great num. ber of large old trees, bearing the species of small cherry, called black and red gcens." P. Petty, In- verness. Statist. Ace. iii. 26. Fr. guignc, gtiiiie ; " guignes, a kind of little, sweet and long cherries, termed so, because at first they came out of Guyennc ;" Cotgr. Others de- rive the name from Guincs in Picardy. Geantree, Geentree, s. a wild cherry. tree, S. ; sometimes simply gean. " These gccn-trees were sent there from Kent, a.bout a century ago, by Alexander Earl of Moray." Statist. Ace. iii. 26, G E D " Here and there wc meet with small plaiitations of ash and oak, and fir and gean." P. Ivemback. Fife, Statist. Ace. xiv. ;',07. GEAR, Geared. V. Gere. GEARKING, />«•;. fi^^". Vain; Lynd^ay. A. S. gcarc-iun, apparare, preparart-. GEAT, s. A child. V. Get. GERBIE, Gabbie, s. The crop of a fowl, S. Used ludicrously for the stomach of a man. She round the ingle wi' her gimnicrs sits, Crammin their gabhies wi' her nicest bits. Fcrgiissoii's Poems, ii. -I. I sec no word to which this may be allied, save Gael, ctaban, the gizzard. Now, Su.G. hrajne de- notes both the crop and gizzard. To GECK, Gekk, v. a. (g hard._) 1. To sport, to be playful ; applied to infants when clieer- ful, Ang. 2. To deride, to mock, S. I trow that all the warld evin Sail at your guckric^i-t/.-. Philotus, Pink. S. P. Repr. iii. 39. She Bauldy loves, Bauldy that drives the car, liat gccks at me, and says I smell of tar. Ramsajf^s Poems, ii. 68. To say that ye was geckUl yese hae nao need, We'll gee a hitch unto youf touclicr guccd. Ross's Hctenore, p. 8S. 3. To jilt, S. Begcck is more conunouly used, q. v. 4. To toss the head with disdain, S. The saucy Aut vicw'd him with scorn, Nor wad civilities return ; Jiut geclcing up her head, quoth she, " Poor animal ! I pity thee." i?«w,vffj/'i' Poems, ii. 476. And Bessie, nae doubt o't, geckit, And looked down pauchty encuch. To think while the lave were ncgleckit, That she wad get Hab o' the Hcuch. Jamieson's Popular Rail. i. 295. Tc\it.gheck-en, bc-ghcck-cn, deridere. Su.G.^^'ecA-- a^j luditicari. A. S.^ec«/ice, ludibrium. Seren. gives Sw. gaeck.n as signifying, to jilt. Geck, Gekk, J. l. A sign of derision. Quhill preistis cum with bair schevin nekks, Than all the feynds Icwche, and maid gckks. Dunbar, Bannatync Poems, p. 27. st. 3. 2. A taunt, a jibe. Quha cum uncalit, unservd suld sit. Perhaps, Sir, sae may ye. Gudcman, Gramercy for yoxir geek, Quod Hope, and lawly louts. Cherric and Slae, st. 78. Teut. geek, gheck, jocus. GED, (g hard) /. A pike, a jack, Lucius mari- nus ; a term pretty generally used, S. And with his h.andys quhile he wrocht Gynnys, to tak geddis and salmonys, Trowtis, elys, and als menovnys. Barbour, ii. 576. MS. Mr Pink, is strangely mistaken in his note on this passage, when he speaks of the gcdd as " a small 3 P2 GEE fish ralhcr larger than minnons." The TCry con- DL-xiou sliCHS the error. Now safe Hie stately sawinont sail, Aud (routs bcdropp'd wi' crirason haill. And eels well kent for souple tail, And jf(A- for greed. -- l)iii-ns, iii. 119. Su.G. Isl. giiedila, id. Ihre derives this from KuJd, acHleus a point or sting, because of the sharp- iiess of its teeth. He observes, after iMartin and ^Vachtcr, that the dillercnl appellations of this fish, in almost all laiiijuages, are borrowed from its arm. cd mouth. Thus in Germ, it is called hichl from heck.cii to bite ; Bcis;. xnocic, from snoii-cn to strike ; Fr. brocher, from broch-cr, to prick, (perhaps ra- ther from bruclie, a needle, or broches the tusks of a wild boar) 1%. pike, from pick to strike with the beak, ov piquvr to prick (rather from pike, a spear, which )i\\.Vj. gadd also siijnifies). Its Gael, name is gcdos. I know not, if (his be allied to galh, a lance, javelin or pike. Ged-staff, (g hard) s. " A stafF for stirring pikes from under the banks, that they may come into tlie net ; or rather Jedburgh staves, mentioned by Jo. Major. F. 48 — Ferrum cha- lybcum 4 pedibus longum in robusti ligni ex- trcmo yeduarJienses artifices ponunt;" Rudd. Sibb. adopts the latter hypothesis; adding, that •* the phrase, ycthart staffs and KvLo rungs, is still common." Sum jarris with ?i\\c ged staff to yAg throw blak jikkLs. Doug, lirgily '2o9. a. 1. It sceios rather to signify, a pointed stalf, from Su.G. gadd, aculetis ; or perhaps a staff made for the very purpose of jugging lluvw, pricking or killing j;cd(ls. if the word had any connexion with Jcd- bufgh, or the river Jed, thej would more probably liavc been used. GEE, (g hi'.rd) s. lotak the gee, to become pet- tish and unmanageable, S. tig, dorts, slrunt, synon. — Lang or e'er that I came hame, Wy wife had tu\n the gee. — The ne'iT a bed wiH she gae to, Uut sit and tak the gee. Rit.'Oit't: S. Songs, i. 90. &1. — Lads, gin }our lasses grow dorty, Let never their gec.t mak yon wae. Jamiewn's Popular Ball. i. 300. This is the more coinuum mode of using the terra. It occurs, however, in a dill'erent form. iUii whni I speak to thurn, (hat's stately, I tind tliem ay l/t\n zcith the gee. And get the denial ri^ht lially. iiurg^, Ko9,s'i' llcknnre, p. 1 19. It seems the fame word h hicli occurs in ])l. This barmi' and blaidry buistsup all my bees; Ye lmer(C. MH. Chroii. S. F. iii. 500. ^^^-g'']g->'- g-'g, olliusi. pernieies. GEELIEWHIT. V. Gh.lu-wetfcot. -■•itiiXtJ i. A wiUUlitiry. Y. Gean. G E I GEY, Gay, (j-hard) adj. Tolerable, middling. 1 observe one passage in which this word seems used in this sense. My gudame was agai/ wif, but scho was ryght gend. Ball, printed Edin. A. 150S. Vink. S. P. R. iii. 142. Not, as mi;,'ht at first appear, gay as to dress ; but, indifl'crcntly good. In the sanie sense we still say, a ^ct/ bnihj, i. e. not bad, moderately good, S. jl ^ejj zvhetn, a considerable number; ugay pickle^ a middling quantity, S. It has been supposed that there is some similarity in the use of guy in O. Fr. But I have met with no example of this kind. V^. Gkily. Gey, Gay, adv. Moderately, indifferently. Gey and lueil, pretty well ; gey and soon, pretty soon, S. The copulative is often thrown away, S. B. gey hard, moderately hard. Last morning I was^y/ «nt/ early out. Upon a dyke I lean'd, glowring about. Ramsay's Poemv, ii. 70. Geily, Gayly, Geylies, adv. Pretty well ; also, in middling health, S. ^'- Gayly v.a.il ho better;" Ramsay's S. Prov- p. 97. expressive of the general discontentment of man. kind with their present situation. Kelly, when giving Scottish Proverbial phrases, in answer to the question, " How do ye do?" men. tions this as a comical reply ; " Bra'ly, iinely, geily at least;" i.e. '• indilierently," p. -luO. " Geily is sing V»"alloway's brother," S. Prov. " spoken when we asl* how a thing is done, and are answered Gaily, that is, indifi'erenlly, as if indiil'erent was next to bad." Kelly, p. 115. " Hut I caniia say I had any cause to wish tlie body ill, for he didgaylies confeirin." Journal from London, p. 2. As used in relation to health, it might seem allied to Teut. ghecf, ghecve, gheve, gave, gaeve, sanus, integer. Ihre renders Su.G. ^.;/' usudlis, ^rtc/, felix, probauis ; from gif.ca, to give. G¥.l'D'E,pret. Went. Wallace, i. 24t3. Perth edit. Thai wyst nocht weyllc at quhat yctt he in i/eide. MS-. GEYELER, s. Jailor. Celimus was maist his gcyelvr now. In lugliss men, allace, qulii suld we trow ? IVallace, ii. '2-3::f. ]MS. Fr. gayoler, id. geole, C. B. geul, a ]n-ison. To GEIF, Gkyff, v. a. To give. Geif, part. pa. Quhat ? sail our child Lauiuia the may To banyst men he geif to lede away ? ' Duug. I'irgil. '219. 15. Su.G.^f/-f/, gif-zi-a, A. S. gyf-an, MoesG. gibf. un, id. To GEIG, (^g soft) -J. n. To make a creaking noise, as a door v.heu the hinges need to be greased, S. Vnder the paysand and the hcny charge Gan grane or geig the euil ionit barge. Doug, yirgil, 178. It. Rudd. and Sibb. both view the word as formed from the sound. Perhaps it is allied, to Germ, grig- G E I en, fricarc, (o rub, whence Wachter derives ^e^fe a liilcllo ; marking the rosemlilanco of Gr. yify^an stri- diilum canero, Ijiit. giiigi ii c. Taut, ghhgacg. en, to bray. V. Jeec. GEIG, t. " A kind of an old fashioned net used now for catching of spouts." Note, Evergr. i. 261. "Vtiut. jaght-garen.jnght.net) plagae, retiae, cassis; Sw.jt/g/.ntict, hunter's net. GEIL, Geill, s. Jelly, S. Furuiago full fj'iie stlio brocht instcid of geif. Henriixune, Evergreen, i. 150. si. 18. Of Venisouii he had his waiil, Gude Aquavite, wyne and aill ; With nobill confeiltis, bran and gei/l. Ljjndsay'i Sqiij/er Meldnti/i, 1594. B. vi. 6. Ft. gel, id. GEILL POKKIS. Of f> ne silk thair furrit cloikis, With hingand sleivis, lyk geill pokkis. Maitland Poems, p. 326. This, but for what reason it is not easy to guess, is rendered by Mr ViixV.. jclljj-bags. But the expres- sion obviously denotes the bags worn by mendicants; from Teat, gheyl-en, ghjl-en, to beg. Perliaps Su.G. gil-ia, procari, is to be viewed as a cognate. GEING, (g hard) s. A term used to denote in- toxicating liquor of any kind, Ang. This, altlioiigh it might at first appear as merely a cant term, seeuis to claim high antiquity. It is un- dou-btcdly the same with li\.gc)!gd, ceievisiae motus, cum maturat se; olid guiigr, terevisia ebullit. It seems to have originally denoted ale in a state of fermentation. GEING, (g hard) s. Dung, stercus humanum, Border. A. S. gting, geng, latrina, ajakes ; gaiig-mytte, id. Chaucer gong, A. S. gong.^tote, a close-stool. GETR, ,f. Accoutrements, Sec. V. Ger. To GEYZE, Geisin, Gizzen, Gysen, Ohard) o. n. To become leaky for want of moisture, S. Guizen'd, A. Bor. — My barrel has been gcjphl ay. — Fcrgti.\su>i\'i Poems, ii. 62. IMy klrnstaft' now standi gi::zcii'd at the door. Ibid. p. 3. Tubs or barrels are said to be gsisent, when the staves open in consequence of heat or drought. '^^u.d. gi\ln- a, g^in. a, id. Dicitur de vasis Mgneis quando n.iias agunt ; Ihre. li\. gisin, drk%\,gi'-n-ay rarefto, hisco, nr^ui de vasis hisceniibus dicitur ; G. Andr. p. £0. This is derived from gia, to yawn; gj/, yawning, opening. C. ii. g.cjj; in, dry. GEISLIN. V. Gaislin. GEIST, J'. 1. A gallant action, an exploit; Lat. re! gc'siac, g^stn. The wolull end per ordoure here, alias ! Followis of Troy, and geitii^ of Eneas. Dung, f^irgil, 51. 12, 2. The history of any memorable action, or a song in praise of it. — Creteus also was the Muses freynd, — GEL That in his mynd and broist al tymcs bare Sangis and geistis Doug. Virgil, 305. 7. According to Hearnc, those who proriosid (ruth in their relations, railed them gexts, which word was oj)poscd to the French Romance. Pref. to Lang, toft's Chron. xxxvii. GEIST, Gest, s. 1. A joist, or beam for sup- porting a floor, S. Thare hetchis, and thare ouerloftis syne thay bete, Plankis and geistis grete square and mete. Doug. Firgil, 153. 3. 2. A beam, used in a general sense. OlFgret^c'iY/.v a sow thai maid, That stalwart heildyne aboyn it had. Barbour, xvii. 597. MS. Edit. 1620, geisls. GELORE, Galore, Gilore, pron. gefyore, y. Plenty, abundance, S. B. It is also used ad- verbially. Gin she came well provided ay afore, This day she fuish the best of cheer gilore. Ross''! Hetenore, p. 52. " By this time tlie gutters was co'?iin in at the coach. door galore." Journal from London, p. 3. Gillore occurs in O. E. To feasting they went, and to merriment, And tippled strong \'K\aor gillore. Ritson's R. Hood, ii. 144. Ir. g/tire, much, plenty, a great deal. Gael, leor, go leoir, enough ; Shaw. It might, however, be traced to A. S. geleor-an, io- pass over or beyond, as overflowing necessarily implies abundance. To GELL, C^ hard)r -j. n. To tingle,, to thrill, with acute pain, S. — Trust ye well and certainly. Assoon as love makes )'ou agast, Your oyntments will you nothing last; Your wounds they wdl both glow and ^t7/, Sow full sore, and be full ill. Sir Egeir, p. 13. Germ. geU-e?}, to tingle ; used in Luther's Vers. 1. Sam. ill. 11. Teut. ghijl-en, fervere. To GELL, ^g hard) v. n. To crack in conse- quence of heat ; a phrase used concerning wood which cracks in drying, S. Isl. geil, fissura, inci.sura, ruptura ; in foenili, montc, cluiie, &c. ; G. Andr. p. 85. Gell, s. A crack or rent in wood, occasioned by heat or drought, S. V. the 'o. GELL, (^g hard) s. A leech ; commonly appli- ed, in its simple state, to that used in medicine, or what is called the lough- leech., as distinguish- ed from the horse-gell or horse-leech, S. B. gil- lie., Perths. C. B. gel. Aim. gelanen. a horseleech ; Su.G. igel, Alem. e^al. Germ, egel, igcl, Belg. echel, Kiliitn cich. el, Su.G. blodigcl. Germ, blutegcl, from blod, blut, blood, and igel. In Luther's Vers., ciigcl signiliea a horseleech, Prov. xxx. 15. The E. term leech has been transferred to this animal, from its original sense- as denoting a physician, A. S. taec, because uf its G E N ust'fiihicss in disease, lloucc, by the vulgar, a lecJi is often (ienoiiiiiiatod « i/«(-i (/<'(7or, S. or,_M black ihctnr falpil in a peel, Aberd. i. e. whelped in a |iool. GKLLIE. V. Galyik. GKLT, s. Money. V. Gir-T. GEN, /)rf/). Against. A. S. !;eat!,ii. GEND, (g hard) at!/. Playful, frolieksome ; foolish. Stho uas so cucl^'fi ^"^ so gend, That day ane h v t scho eit nocht; Than sjiak hir fallowis that hir kend; Be still, my joy, and sreit not. I'cblis to the Play, st. 3. My gudanic was a gay wif, but scho was rychi gcml. 'Ballad, printed A. 10O8. Pink. S. P. R. iii. 142. Thus ferlyit al thair was, baith he and he, Quhat maner of ano thing niicht-fhis be; And I) ke to aue was nocht into Rome, Yit than his word was ful of al wisdomc. For he as fule began guckit and^t?u/, And ay the w) ser man niirar the end. Pficits of Peblis, Pink, S. P. R. i. 24. 2.5. Tliis w ord is omitted in tlic Gl. Elsewhere Mr Pink, mistakes its sense, expl. it peevish; Select Scot. Ballads, ii. ICG. N. It is evidently allied to Su.G.^c//i^c, a bufioon, or mimic; gant-us, to play in a childish manner, or toy as lovers do; guntcri, sports, merry conceits. Isl. gant-a, ludificare, scur- rari, gantalaetc, scurrllitas, i. c. the manners of a buflbn. V. Laits. Ihre views Or. y*nu cxhilaro, yun^tu gaudeo, as cognates. We may perhaps add Tent. ^/it«-i», subridere. GENYIE, .r. I trow he was not htlf sac stout, Rut anis his stomach was asteir. With gun and genyie^ bow and speir, Men micht sec monle a cracked croun ! RcidoJ Reidsziire, Minstrelsy Border, i. 118. 11^. Uamsay, Gl. Kvergreen, expl. this '■• dart or ar- row." But it in general siffnifies " engine of war," as rendered by my friend Mr Scott. It may indeed denote fire-arms, as expletive oi gun ; especially as pcstelets arc mentioned in the following stanza, as used by those on the other side. GENYEILD, Genyell, r. V. Ganyeild. GENIS, s. An instrument of torture. " We committis our full power — to the saids Lordis — to proccid in examination of the saidis Johne Soutar and Robert Carmylie; and for the mair eer- tane tryale of the verity in the said matter, and sik manifest falsetlis as fhay half accusit iithers of, to put lliaim or cidier of thaim in the buittis, genis, or ony uther torinentis, aud thairby to urge thaim to declair the treulh." Act Sed' 29'jnne 1579. The builtit:, we know, denotes bouts of iron, into which the legs of prisoners were thrust, and wedges of iron driven in by the strokes of a maul or hammer. This barbarous mode of examination was used so late as the reigns of Charles II. and James II. The biiiltis denoting one species of torture, it 'eems CTident that another is meaut bygenis; cspeci- G E II nllv as U Is added, — " or ony utlier torinentis. " Most probably the rack, or something resembling it, is intended ; as tiie word is evidently formed from Fr. gefienne, geine, gcsnc, all signifying the rack; gchenn-er, to stretch >ipon the rack. These terms arc undoubtedly from Lat. gehenna hell, because of the severity of the suHerings. GENYUS CIIALMER. The bridal chamber. War not also to me is dis[ilesant, Genyiis ehalmer, or matiimonye to hant; Perchance I might be vincust in this rage, Throw this ane crynie of secund mariage. Doug, f'irgil, 99. 53. Si non pertaesum thalami taedaeque fuisset. Virg. lludd. overlooks the word gcnyus, which is either from Vr. gcndre, engendrc, to beget, whence ^e;zc«x, casters of nativities ; or Gr. yiio^, ytmn, genus. GENTY, (g soft) adj. Neat, limber, and at the sanie time elegantly formed, S. Wl'.ite is her neck, saft is her hand. Her waste and feet's fou genty. Ramsay''s Poems, ii. 226. It is evidently the same with O. ¥.. gent. Elizabeth the gent, fair lady was sche, Tuo sons of ther descent, tuo doubters ladies fre. R. Brume, p. 206. Teut, ghent, Jcnf, belhvs, scitus, clegans, pulcher. GENTIL, ad/. Belonging to a nation, i.zt.geti- ti/-is, id. —Thou Proserpync, quhilk by our^en^jV lawis Art rowpit hie, and yellit loude by nycht. 'Dong. Virgil, 121. 31. GENTILLY, adv. Neatly, completely. Bot yeyt than with thair mychtis all, Thai pressyt the sow towart the wall; And has hyr set tharto gentilly. Barbour, xvii. 689. MS. It is still used iu the same sense, Ang. This is improperly rendered cunningly, edit. 1020, p. 346- GENTRICE, Gentkeis, s. i. Honourable birth ; Dunbar. 2. Genteel manners, honourable conduct. I knaw he will do mekill for his kyne; Gentryss aud trewtht ay restis him within. IVallace, iii. 274. MS, 3, Gentleness, softness. Gcnireis is slane, and Pety is ago. llenrysone, Bannafyne Poems, p. 114. st. 24. GEO, (g hard) s. A designation for a deep hol- low, Caithn. synon. G//, Coivl, q. v. " Betwixt Brabster and Freswick there is a deep hollow, called, in the dialect of the parish, the Wolfs geo, which must have derived its name from being the haunt of wolves in former times." P. Canisbay, Statist. Ace. viii. 159. This is undoubtedly the same with Isl. gya, hiatus vel ruptura magna petrarum ; G. Andr. gia, fissi mentis vel terrae hiatus; ^Vms, gil,g£il, giel; Verel. Ind. V. GoE. GER, Gere, Geir, Gear, (g. hard_), s. J. Warlike accoutrements in general. Quhen thai with in hard swilk a rout About the houss, thai raiss in hy. G E R And tut tliair^iv rycht liastily, And scliot furth, fra tliai harnasyt war. Buibour, ix. 709. MS. " Graithcd in his gear, i. c. having on all his ar- mour, and so in readiness ;" Rndd. Isl. gcir not only signifies a particular kind of sword, gradually inclining from the hilt to the point, as the sword of Odin is described, CG. Audr.) but was anciently used in a more general sense. Hence, in a list of old poetical words, given by Wormius, Literat. Dan. dyn geira is rendered strepitus ar. morum, the din of gcir, or as we now say, of arms ; as geira signifies lancea, and also belhtm. The ancient Goths accounting it dishonourable to make their exit from this world by a bloodless death, Odin b said to have set an example, in this respect, t» his followers. Sturleson, ( Ynglinga S.) says, tfiat " finding death approaching, he caused himself to be marked with that sign which is called Geirsodde, and thus claimed as his property all who were slain in battle; asserting that he should imme- diately go to Godheim, or llie seat of the gods, that he might there gladden the hearts of his friends." On this Keysler observes, that Gcirs-odJr, "with which it was the will of Odin to be marked, was nothing else than a slight wound by a sword ; gcir, with the ancients, being a kind of dart or spear. King Haquin, being brought into Valhalla (or the Uall of the slaiyi, the place supposed to be allotted to the brave), when he desired to retain his arms, is represented, in Haconannalian, as expressing him- self thus ; iSott cr til geir at taka, i.e. It is good to have gcir at hand." Snorro also relates, that Niordr having been seized with a mortal disease, caused himself to be marked for Odiit before his death. Hence, as Keysler thinks, had originated the custom of the Heruli, which Procopius thus de- scribes. " It was not permitted, either to the old, or to the diseased, to lii^e. But when they were op- pressed by age, or by great sickness, they were bound to supplicate their near relatives to deliver them from the cares and sorrows of life. They ac- cordingly having erected a large pile of wood, and placed the person on it, made another of the nation, but not a. kinsman, rush upon him with a dagger. For they did not account it lawful for relations to be stained with kindred blood. Afterwards his botly was burnt." Goth. Hist. Lib. 2. ap. Antiq. Septent. p. 1-tl. 143. Sn.G. geir, a spear; A.^.gar, a javelin, arms ; Germ, ger, a weapon. Mr Macpherson also men- tions Pers. gerru as used in the latter sense. Olaus, Lex. Run., understanding this term as denoting a javelin, or sharp-pointed sword, such as that described by Tacitus, {De -Mor. Germ.) ob- serves that in Iceland many proper names are form- ed from it; as Geirardr, Gerard, i. e. a hard jave- lin ; Gcir.ruuU'ir, a red or rusty javelin ; Geir. thiofr, one who steals a javelin ; Geir-iholdur, Gyrald, one who holds a javelin; Geir-man, the man of the jav.lin, &c. Some indeed have con- jectured that the name of the Germans had this origin. There was also a warlike goddess, suppos- ed to be the arbiter of battle, called Gctra. Lei. Run, vo. Gcir. G E II It docs not seem quite certain, that this sense of gcir, as denoting some piece of armour, is the pri. initive one. Isl. gcr signifies, finished ; also, fur- nished, provided; totus absolufus, pcrfectns : 2. instructus, (Gunnlaugi S. Gl.) from ^;or-n, facere, instruere. Thus, as denoting, like its synon. qruith, that which prepares or makes one ream/ for any work ; it may also have a similar origin, from the :■. signifying to prepare; with this diflerence, tha.t gcir more nearly resembles Su.G. giacr.a, Isl. gior-a, A. S. geai-zo-ian, parare, and graith, A. S. ge-racd- iun, Isl. reid.a, Su.G. red-a, id. V. Gerit, and Gkaith. 2. Goods, effects. " Goods and gear is an ordi- nary S. phrase, especially in law ;" Rudd. " Quhasacuir dois ony deid commandit be God mair for lufe of temporal geir, or for fcare of tem- poral paine, than for ony lufe thai half to God, thai lufe nocht God with all their saule." Abp. Hamiltoun's Catechisme, 1552, Fol. 10. b. 3. Booty, prey. Aft hae I brought (o Breadislee, The less gear and the mair. But I ne'er brought to Breadislee, That grieved my heart sae sair. Miiiitrelsy Border, i. 80. " Gear — usually signifies goods, but here spoil." N. ibid. •1. " It signifies all kind of tools or accoutrements that fit a man for his business ;" Rudd. S. 5, Money, S. For such trim bony bahy. clouts Still on the Laird she greets and shouts, Which made the Laird take up more ^eor Than all' the land or rigs could bear. IVutson^s Coll. i. 30. Gerit, Geared, part. adj. Provided with ar« mour. Thom Ilalyday in wer was full besye ; A buschement saw that cruell was to ken, Twa hundreth haill ofi ueill gerit Ingliss men, Wallace, v. 806, Ms. i. e. AVell provided with armour. " It is ordanit, that all maner of men, that hes land or gudis, be reddy horsit and gcirit, and cfter the faculte of his landis and gudis, for the defence of the realme." Acts Ja. 11. 1456. c. Gi, Edit. 1566. Geared, c. 57. Skene, Murray. This seems merely the A. S. part. pa. ge-gered, gc-gyred, vestitus, from gc-gcarzo-ian, gc-gj/r.ian, praeparare, vcstire. GERLE TROCH, s. A species of fish mention- ed, Sibb. Scot. p. 28. V. Gallytrough. GERRON, Gairun, s. a sea-trout, Ang. The trout and par, now here now tharc, As in a wuddrum bang ; The gerron gend gaif sic a stend. As on the yird. him Hang : And doun the stream, like levin's gleam, The fleggit salmond flew ; The ottar yaap his pray let drap. And to his hiddils drew. Addil. stanza to Water Kelpie, Minstrelsy Border-, jii. to be inserted ajtcr st. 9, G E R This fish in Su.G. is denominated lat-nrin,;;. Rhall »-c view our term as allied to the last part of (his, ii. Gcoioig, ihci'f belii5adve:iliti;)us? GERS, Gerss, Gyrs, s. Grass, S. .5 Sum bet the fvre — On the ffri'iic ecrs sat doun and lillit fhame syne. Dong. I'ir^il, 19. 39. — Sum stcddys growys sa habowndaniy or i,';/rv, thaf sum tym, [but] thair fe J'ra^fwllh of mete refrL-nyht be, Tliair fwdn sail lurue ihaine (o peryle. IVifiiloiLH, i. 13. 11. JJolh modes of pron. are used at this day. A. S. gavrs., Bclg. gars., gi is, id. Gersy, (lilj. Grassy, full of grass, S. Jle held doun swymmand the clere ryuer stremc, To culc his liete under ane ^cr^^ bra. JJoug. HfU, 224. 74. Gerss-house, Girss-house, s. A house in the country, possessed by a tenant who has no land attached to it, Ang. ; q. grass-Jjousc. A tenant of this description is called a gerss-mcm. There are several similar phrases in Su.G. Gracs- fari, a farmer who is exjielled before his lease ex- pirc, and thus obliged to leave his harvest green, nic?semque in herba deserit ; Hire. Graessaeti, inqui- linus, a tenant who has neither field nor meadow. Tliis corresponds to S. gerssman. The propriel)' of the reason given for thh desi'^- nalion by Hire, is by no means obvioas. Dicitur nempc ita, ijuia aiviim ([uod colat non habct ; sod ^raminis insidet. There must be an error or omission in the last expression. Whatever be the meaning of the Su.G. term, ours would seem borrowed from it. Gersslouper, s. A grasshoper, S. B. This has obviously the same signitication as the E. word. V. LotT. Gerss-man. v. Gerss-house. Gerss-tack, J-. The tac/k or lease which a gerss-man has ; sometimes, a lease in conse- quence of which the tenant has no benefit of the grass on the farm, for the first year, Ang. The S. as well as the Su.G. words of this family secin to have been formed a privalionc, and remind one of the whimsical etymon given of Incus, a grove, a non lucendo. GERSOME, Gerssume, Gressoume, /. A sum paid to a landlord or superior, by a te- nant or fiar, at the entry of a lease, or by a new heir who succeeds to a lease or feu, or on any other ground determined by the agree- ment of parties, S. JJarronis (akis fra the tenuentis pcurc All fruitl that growis on the feure, In niailis and i;crsuincs raisit ouir he. Dunlmr, liaiiiiatj/ne Poems, p. 5I.«t. 3. " It salbe lesuui to his hicnes, to set all his pro- per landis, — in fewferme, — swa that it be not in di. iniinitiun of his rentall, gra\summes or ony vLher dewteis." Acts Ja. V. 1510. c. 97. Edit. 1 506. Gcr^f limes, Skene, c. 116. It is now pron. £;;•(/«- sum. It is explained by (lie phrase ciUresse silver, Acts Mar. c. C. Ja. VI. c. 13. Murray. G E S Some have supposed that the term is merely Lit, gratiam in the accus., as denoting thj sum given as a donallvc. Because " grass is called gcrss by the vulgar in many parls of S." it is strange that the learned cdi- tor of the Bannatyne Poems should imagine, that tlic word grassuiii originally meant '■ an allotment of gr.iss or pasture;" Note, p. 261. In (iroof of this, he observes, that " in a grant by AVilliam (he Lion to the Monastery of Coldiiis^hamcj^it is said, Kt omnia neniora ct gressunia sua slut sub defen. slone Prion's et custoaia. Ch. Colding. p. 29." But all that this can prove, is the corrupt use of the word in that age; or perha.js only the ignor- ance of the monk who wrote this charter, and who had been misled by mere similarity of sound. It is the same with A. ^. gicrsiimu, gersi/me, a compensation, a reward, a line; L. B. gcrsuma, used in old charters to denote the money paid oix the conclusion of a bargain, as earnest. Gorsutn, in the Danish Liws, signiiies that compensation, which the heirs of one, who has been killed by ano. ther, demand from the slayer, in addition to what is fixed by law. Su.G. gcrsim, \i\. gcr'^cmi, Y>a.xx. gorsutn, giur. sum, res pretiosa. G'\;rscmar occurs in the pi. in a Norwegian work assigned to the twelfth century, as simply denoting treasures. Tok ek gull ok gim- itciiKi, — herfcngnar g:rscinar ; I took gold and gems, — spoiling treasures. Spec. Regal, p. 631. Sturleson gives a whimsical account of the origin of this Avord, as used in the sense last mentioned. " Freya," he says, " had two daughters, exceed- ingly beautiful, llnossa and Gersemc, from whom henceforward whatever was most precious received its designation ;" Yngliaga S. c. 13. II/ios, ac- cording to G. Andr., was a heathen goddess, e cujus nomine res prctiosac vocantur linoser. Somner derives A. S. gacrsuma from gearo, para, tus, and sum as expressive of quality ; founding his deduction on this circumstance, that in old char- ters a certain sum was said to be given in gersumain, as equivalent to the more modern expression in ma- niiin, or prae manibiis, i. e. in hand. A.h gearo s\g. , nilies ready, he also thinks that the common phrase, ready muricj/, contains an allusion to the Jiieaning of gacrsuma. This etymon would have been more complete, if, instead of considering sum as a termi- nation merely denoting quality, he had viewed it, as it is also used, in the sense of aliquid, q. something ready, or in hand. G. Andr. adopts a similar ety- mon, deducing the term from \i\. giacr-a, parare, facerc. To GES, w. «. To conjecture, to guess ; Wyii- toun. Su.G. giss-a, Germ. Belg. giss-en. Isl. gi^k.a, id. GESNING, Gestni.vg, s. (g hard). Hospi- tality, hospitable reception. A. Bor. guest- ning. I the beseik, thou mychfy Hercules, Be my faderis gesning, and the ilk deis, Quiiare thou strangear was ressauit to herbry, Assist to mc Doug, (''irgil, 333. 20, Bot to quhat fyne richt soon it dredis me, G E T Sail turn this pleasand gcstnt/iig in Cartage. lOid. 31. 23. It is a fancy unlike the mind of lludrf., to sup. jiose that this word should Iiavc any roiinexion with Fr. gexinc, lying in childbed ; as if one received the name of a giteat, because being a stranger he got the bed appropriated on such occasions to (he mnler- familias ; especially as he refers to Dan. gis/ing, bus|)itii siimptus. V. Jhzcn-bcd. Isl. gistning is ■used in the same sense with our theme ; A. S. gat, Sn.G. gaest, Isl. gesi-r, a guest ; Su.Ct. gaat-a, Isl. gi'fi-fi, to visit, to go as a guest. Some derive gi; ft {rum l^\. gis/.a, to take food. G. Andr. says that this was anciently gisf.n, whence gis/e, obses, an hostage. Here, indeed, the connexion of ideas me- rits attention. GESSERANT. — Drcssit thame to sprcdc Thaire curall fynis, as the ruby rede, That in the sonne on thaire scaiis brycht, As gcssciani ay glitterit in my sight. King^s Qitair, c. v. st. 2. " Like some precious stone, sjiarkled in my eye;" Note. But on what authority is it thus rendered ? Notwithstanding the redundancy, this seems spark- ling ; Teut. ghcstcr, ghcnstcr, a siiark, ghci/nsicr- en, to sparkle. GEST, s. Ghost, spirit. The gud king gaif the gcsl to God for to rede. Hoiilatc, ii. 12. V. Gaist. GEST, s. A joist ; also an exploit. V. Geist. GET, Gett, Geat, Geit, s. i. A child. — Set of hys get fell other wayis, And to be gottyn kyndly, As othir men ar generaly. WyiUoicn, \i. 18. 102. Saturnus get Juno, — Has send adoun vnto the Troianc nauy Iris — Doug. Virgil, 148. 1. The quene lur self Saturnus gctl an one Set to hir hand, and vndid the batel. Ibid. 227. 50. 2. A contemptuous designation for a child, S, ; brat., synon. Feyndis get is an opprobrious name used by Dunbar for child of the devil. Everg. ii. 60. st. 25. Knox, speaking of Lesley the historian, thus de- scribes him, — ■' Leslie Preistis geit, Abbot of Lun. doiris, and Bischope of Rois." Hist. p. 86, Gett, MS. I. Then Cupid, that ill-deedy geat, With a' his pith rapt at my yeat. Ramsay's Poems, i. 145. They've gotten a ^ee( that stills no night or day. Ross's Helenore, p. 19. This is the modern sense. 3. Offspring, progeny ; used as a collective term. — Edgare ras, that wes eldast, And that tyme to the crowne nerrest Of all than lyvand of the get That Malcolme had of Saynt Margret. IVyritoion, vii. 3. 137. V. also t. 165. 4. Applied to the young of brutes. G Y • Jouis big foule the erne, ^Vith hir Strang tallouns and hir punsis sternc Lichtand had claiicht the litil hynd calf ying, Toring the skyn, and made the bliule out spring; The moder this behaUlyng is al ouerset Wyth sorow, for slauchlir of hyr tendir^r/. . Doug. F/rgil, 465. 42. 1 his is evidently from Goth. ^c/-«, gignerc; So- ren. Isl. gact-a, id. Chaucer ast:s get as a part. pa. For of all creatures that euer were^c^ ami borne This wote ye well, a woman was the best. Praise of IVomcn, Fol. 26:. GET, s. Tet. V. Geite. GETHORN. V. Gythorn. GETTLING, s. A young child. Y. G.ux- LING. GEWE, corij. If. V. GiF. To GY, Gye, v. a. To guide, to direct. Thus stant thy confort in unsekerncsse. And wantis it, that suld the rcule \\\\A gye. King's Qtiair, i. 15, Go to the batal, campioun niaist forcy. The Troianis baith and Italianis to gy. Doug. Virgil, 261. 1. It was used in E. when R. Brunne wrote. Ine kyng of Wessex was a knyglit worthic Forto gyc vs allc, that now er comcn here. Chron. p. 2. Chaucer, id. Rudd. views it as the same with Gee, gie, to move. But that they are tjuite dillercnt words, appears both from the meaning and pronunciation. Skinner views it as Yaeve\y guide curtailed. But O. Fr.giii- er is used in the same sense ; whence guieour, a guide, and O. E. guyour, " guide, cajitain ;" Ilearne. Adelard of Westscx was kyng of the empire, Of Noreis & Surreis, guyour of ilk schirc. R. Brunne, p. 6. The Fr. word may perhaps be traced to Isl. eg gae, gaa, prospicio, attendo, euro, caveo ; as Fr. guid-er, Va. guide, are probably from gact-a, curare, thedimin. of gae, or from^rtc^?, gicd, animus, mens, which comes from the same root. L. B. guiare, praeire, is formed in the same manner. V. Du Cange. Gy, s. a guide. Bath Forth and Tay thai left and passit by On the north cost, Guthre was thar gy. Wallace, ix. 682. MS. Hisp. guia, id. GY, s. A proper name ; Guy, Earl of War- wick, so much celebrated in O. E. poems. And yit gif this be not I, I wait it is the spreit of Gy, Interlude Droichis, Bannatyne Poems, 173. St. 2. This seems to have been a favourite idea with our poets. It is used by Dunbar. Thy skoldirt skin, hewd lyke a saffron bag. Gars men dispyt thair flesch, thou sirrcit of Gy. Evergreen, ii. 56. st. 16. Lyndsay, also, when speaking of the means he used to divert James V. when a child, says, — Sumtyme lyke ane feind transfigurat, 3Q G f F And sumtyinc Ijkc the gricslie gaist of Gutf. Complaint lo the Kingis Grace. GIB, GIBBIE, (^hard), s. A name given to a male cat that has been gelded, for rendering him more diligent in hunting mice, S. la canif hunter G/l>, the joly cat. Jlenii/sonc, Evcrgncii, i. 13'i. st. 24. Shakspcare iiii's the term gibcat, " 1 am as me- laiuhdy as a liiOcat, or a In-g'd bear." Dr Johnson renders this," but improi.erly, '• an old worn out cat." For the word applies (o a cat of any age. Melancholy is ascribed to it, because, bein- cinas. culated, it is more sedate than one of a diHorcnt de- scription ; as it is also attributed to a luggtv/ bear, because deprived of liberty, and dragged along in a chain. The term seems properly to signify one devoted to his natural prey; from Fr. gibb.ier, Arm. gib-cr, to hunt, to pursue game of any kind. Hence the phrase hunter Gib. UIBBLE, (g hard) s. A tool, an implement ol what kind soever, S. B. and A. ; whence gib- kt, any small iron tool, Ang. Gibblc is used in a very generaJ sense ; hence, ap- plied to a chapniau's wares. ^ Then on the morn ilk chapman loon Rears up his market shu|i ; An' a' hia gibblcs- looses down ; Crys, '■ Nane wi' mine can cop." Morisott's Pvems, p. 1 3. Teut. gaffel, furca, furcilla, radically the same with gcwcliiiJc. GIBBLE-GABBLE, s. Noisy confused talk, as of many persons speaking at once. Shirr. Gl. Gibblc must be viewed as the primary and original part of the word, as the reduplication is generally a sort of parody on that which precedes it. Isl. gcjl-a, blaterare. This indeed seems to be the ori- gin of F.. gahblc. GIDE, Gtde, s. Attire, dress. Thus Schir (Jawan, the gay, Gaynour he Icdes, In a gletcraud gidc-, that glomed full gay. Sir Ga-san uud Sir Gal. i. 2. Her gitlc was glorious, and gay, of a gresse green. Ibid. ii. 3. Likle he was richt byge and weylc heseyne, ]n till a gijdc of gtidly ganand greyne. n'allace, i. '213. IMS. in edit. Perdu erroneously zcifdc. This semis radically (iie same with E. -.cccd, Isl. i-flt/, veslis, paunus. The g has been prclixod, as io miiny other Cloth, word;, such especially as hav« hccu adopted by the Fr. Thus A.S., E. ici'V, man- ner, wa? remlered guise. Kveii in A. S. giu:acde is nved as well as z^uedc ; Alem. giua/t, stola. To GlE, V. n. To give. V.. Gif, v. GIELAINGER, J. A cheat. V. Gileynour. Uli'i) 1, 1 contr. of gic, or give, us it, give it to Ub ; still muth used by children, S. Quoth 1, .\iai!.»er, Is tlur moralitie Inio tliis fable i — '' 'ion, sayd he, richt gude. I pray you gie>.i, quofli 1, or ye conclude. Ilenri/^one, Evergreen, i. l67. st. 30. ToGIF, GvK, Giiv,v.ii. To give i naw ge- ntiiiUy softened mio^/V, S. G I F It is the mast ferlyfull sycht That euir I saw, quhen for to fycht The Scottis men has tane on hand ; Agayne the mycht of Ingland, In plane hard'feild, to g iff batail. Barbour, xii. 457. MS, Grant mc my life, my liege, ray king ! And a bouny gift I'll^f/e to thee — Full four and twenty milk-white steids, Were a' foaled, in ae yeir to me. Mindrelsi) Border, i. 65. A.S. gj//-an, li\.gifv.a,ia.G.gifia-a, O.Dan. gief-(i, MoesG. gib-an, id. pret. gaf, gef. gIf, Gyve, Geue, Gewe, conj. If. Gif thay haue sic desire to Italy, Do lat tliame beild thare ciete wallis square. Doug. Virgil, 373. 26. V. Gewe. Gi/vc thai couth, thai suld declere Of that gret dystans the matere. IVi/iiloii-n, viii. 5. 107. " F^or geue it had i)lesit God to haue geuin me gretar knawlege, & ingyne, grctar fruct sulde thow haue had of the samyn." Kennedy of Crosra- guell, Compend. Tractiue, p. 3. Or yet gen'c Virgil studc wel before, — Gif I have failyeit, baldlie repreif my ryme. Doug. Virgil, Pref. 12. 4. Skinner hns deduced th.is from A. S. gif-an, io give, of which it has been viewed as the imperative. Although this example is more consonant, than seve- ral others, to the hypothesis, that the E. conjnnc. tions arc merely the imperatives of verbs, it is at. tended with dilHculty even here. The relation between the MoesG. and A.S. is so intimate, that if this system had been adopted in the one language, it can hardly be supposed thai nothing analogous would appear in the other. But^c«< vinA jab a i signi- fy if ill MoesG. ; and neither of these seems to have an origin similar to that ascribed to gif. Not gnu ; for the impcrat. pi. of gib-an, is gibith, date. The latter has no better claim, for according to the mode, of Northern writers,, the kind of ^ used intl.is word must be pronounced as jij consonant or i before a vowel ; being a letter of quite a different [icrwer from that used in gib-an, to give, which corres- ponds to Gr. r. Thus Ulphilas writes the same letter, instead of the (Jr. I in im-x, ib§«;, i-6^y,it?,. &c. Gau itself is in different instances written in the same manner. Besides, ibu, iof, ob, oba, oc- cur in Alem., and if in Isl., in the sense of si. A. S. gu also signifies if, which can have no con-, nexiou with the o. gif-an, but seems immediately formed from MoesG. giiui The learned Ihre views what he calls the dubitative particle if, gif, as well as the MoesG. conjimctions, as allied to Su.G. jef, dubium. It is also wiilteii ef and (/'; whence, an izeU; without hesitaiion. This is the origin of. (he v.jific-a, \i\. if-a, to doubt. GIFFIS, Gyffis, imp.-r. v. Gif. Quha list attend, gjj£if audience and draw nerc Doug. Virgil, 12. 18. Mr Tookc has fallen into a singular, blunder with Ksper.t to this word. D^)uglas, he says, uses gijjii 111 (he sense of if In jironf, he quotes this very- passage ; Divers. Purl. i. 151. 152. But beyond :» G I L doubt this is the imperat. 2d. pi. used iu iis proper sense. There are innumerable instances of the same kind, as lieris, hear ye, Virg. iii. 27. GIFF-GAFF, s. Mutual giving ; mutual obli- gation ; an alliterative term still very com- mon, S. " G if gaff" makes good fellowship." S. Vtor. Kelly, p. 114.; more commonly, ^' giJ/'-gaJf mzks gude friends." The term seems composed of the prcs. and prcl. of g'f, or A. S. gif.aii, f// and gnf, q. 1 give, lie gave. GYIS, Grss, s. i. " A mask, or masquerade ;" Lord Hailes. He bad gallands ga graith a gj/f', And cast up ganiouiitis in the skyis. The last canie out of France. — Heilie Harlottis in hawtane wyis. Come in with niony sindric^^zv, Bot jet lurhe nevir INlahoiine. Dunbar, Uaniuifr/in' Pocn!:f, p. 27. 2. A dance after some particular mode ov fashion. It is so used by Henrysone as to admit of this signification. Then came a trip of myce out of thair nest, Richt tait and trig, all dansand in a i^yxs. And owrc the lyon lansit twyss or thryss. Evergreen, i. 189. st. 13. According to the latter signitication, the term is merely Teut. ghj/sc, Fr. guixs, a mode, a fashion. As used in the former, it is from the same origin Avilh Gi/zard, q. v. GYKAT, Maitland Poems, p. 49. V. Gillot, GIL, (g hard) s. A hole, a cavern ; gill, A. Bor. — He — drew me doun derne in delf by ane dyke ; Had me hard by the hand quhare ane burd lay ; I gryppit graithlie the gil. And every modywart hil ; Bot I mycht pike thare my fyl, Or penny come out. Doug. Virgil, 239. b. 18. It seems to be used in the West of S. for a kind of small glen or defile. " This gallant hero, it is well known, had several places of retirement towards the head of this parish, and in the neighbourhood, some of which retain his name to this day ; Wallace hill in particular, an eminence near the Galla-law ; and a place called Wallace Gill, iiv the Parish of Loudoun, a hollow glen, to which he probably retired for shelter when pursued by his enemies." P. Galston, Ayrs. Sta. tist. Ace. li. 74. Rudd. properly refers to Isl. gil, hiatus montium, fissura montis. Geil also denotes a fissure of any iind. Geil, interstitium inter duo praerupta, Gl. Orkneyinga S. GILD, s. Clamour, noise, uproar. The gild a.nA riot Tyrrianis doublit for icy ; Syne the reird foUowit of the younkeris of Troy. Doug. P'irgil, 37. 11. For throw the gild and rerd of men sa yeld, And egirnes of thare freyndis thaym beheld, G I L Schoutand, Rom fast; al the woddis resoundis. Ibid. 132. 26. Throw all the land great is the gild Of rustik folk that cry ; Of bleiling sheep, fra they be fild. Of calves and ronltinj ky. - . A. Hume, Chron. S. P. iii. 391. Isl. gelid, clamor, tumultus, from §/e/, vociforo; Dan. giell-cr, resonare ; Teut. gliiH.cn, striiiire ; Hob. h^i, goal, c.vuliavit, tripudiuvit. Yell, E. has the same source. Only we have retained the ^, as albo in Goxl, and Gale, q. v. Gild, ad/. Loud. " yi gild laughter, i. e. loud ;" Pvudd., S. B. From the same origin with the s. GILD, adj. 1. Strong, well-grown. "• Ane ^/i't/ o.ve is upjirised [in Oiknev] to 15.' mcales, and ane wedder is four meales.'' SkedCj Verb. Sign. vo. Serplaiih. This is a Su.G. phrase. Ihre informs us, that en gild oxc \s one th3.t is full-grown. A person come to maturity, especially if robust, is called en gild man ; gild, gill, validus, robustus. The same writer observes, that the former phrase is used in the same sense in Belg. 2. Great. " A gild rogue, a great wag or rogue ;" Rudd., S. B. GILD, GiLDE, s. A society or fraternity insti- tuted for some particular purpose, S. We meet with a statute in favour of the Jler. chant Gild so early as the reign of William the Lion. " The merchants of the rcalme sail have their merchant gilde : and sail enjoy and posses the samine ; with jibertie to buy and sell iu all places, within the bounds of the liberties of burghis." Stat. K. W. c. 35. For guarding the honour of this fraternity, a Law was made in the Burroughs, perhaps in a later pe- riod. " Na Sowtcr, Litster, nor Flesher, may be bre- ther of the mcrchand gilde ; except they sweare that they sail not vse their offices with thair awiu hand, bot onlie be servants vnder them. Burrow Lawcs, c. 99. Besides the merchants gild, there were other so- cieties to which the same name was given. These •were abolished in Berwick, by an act of the mer. chant gild, A. 1283. " That all particular gildes and societies halden & keiped within our burgh hitherto sail be discharged and abrogat. And that all cattell (or moveable gudes) awand to them, be law and reason, sail be exhibit, and perteine to this gild." Stat. Gild, c. 1. § 2. Societies known by this designation, were form- ed, in various countries of Europe, not only for the purposes of trade, but of friendship, of mutual defence, and even of religion. ^j A.S. gild, which primarily signifies tributum, so- lutio, from gild-an, solvere, was secondarily used in the sense of frateruitas, sodalitium ; ccujimunne. gild, the merchant's gild. The name, as ai.plicd ti such societies, had its origin, not only from the eof!* 3Q 2 K, 1 L fribution made by Uic members ; bii', as Spclm. sup- posi'-i, from their sometimes exacting the n-crgcltl, or compensation for the slaughter of one of their immber. Hence ^ild-scipc, frateniit.is, and £■<'- i'j//(/rt, socitis, rendered I-. B. coiifffltlo. The lat- ter term occurs in the Laws of ln:i ; '' If any one shall demand the tcerc (or compensation) for one slain, (a ftranger who did not cry ont), the slayer, on making oath that he killed him as a thief, nil lacs tkucs vfstac gcnan gciri/ldciit, nc his hlfiJ'oi(/, -hall be free of all payment, either to the compa- nions (S. gild.brcthcr) of the person slain, or to his lord". C. 20. Edit. 1568. V. also Leg. Alurcd. c. 27. In England, fraternities of this kind having be- come so rich as to have lands and possessions of their own, these were taken from them by Ihe first of Jld. VI. c. 14., and appropriatcil (o the use of the loyal exchcipier. liartholinus gives a particular account of these, as subsisting in tlie North of Europe. " 'I'here were instituted," he says, '' in honour of St Olaf, of St Canute King and Martyr, of St Canute the General, and of King Eric, who is also denominated Saint, ioni-ivia, meetings, held according to cer- tain regulations, they being such fraternities as are commonly called Gilds. The statutes of these fra- ternities, which are still extant among us in MS., principally bear on this point, that the slaughter of anyone of their gild-brothers, congildiisuis, should, if possible, be avenged by the rest. For the law of the Convention of St Canute the General is in- scribed, and commences in the following manner: This is the lfi:c, convivii, of the Jricndli/ con- vention of !>t Canute of KincsicuU, :ch/ch ancient and zcise men instituted, and ordained to he cverij vchcrc observed for the benefit of the gilj-brothers of this convention. If one, ic/io is not a gild-bro. Ihcr, non gilda, shall have killed congildcm, one -..-hois, andthc gitd.brethren be present, fheij shall all, if possiljle, avenge his death. Conventions of this kind were therefore instituted for mutual as- sistance, and members of such a fraternity agreed, for the preservation of concord, that, if necessary, they should meet together for reconciling those who were at variance." De Causis Contempt. Mortis, p. 130—134. Associations for mutual defence had been formed in France, under the same name ; gelde, ^eldon. V. Gilde, gildia, Du Cang<-. Tent, ^ulde, glide, socie. tas contribulionum, Kilian ; guildioniu. Leg. Lon- gobard. Fraternities of a similar kind had been formed as parly .is the reign of Charlemagne: but, it would appear, had been abused .xs scenes of disorder and intemperance. Therefore, A. 789., we find the Emjieror, proliibiiing all such conjurationes, «' as are made by St Stephen, by us, or by our sons." He indeed forbids every mode of swearing in such societies. S( Anselm Complains of Lord Henry, who was Chamberlain, that in many respects he con. dncted himself most irregularly, and parliculaily in dViirking, so that, in gitdis,'m the ^ild-mcetinF'^, he drank with the drunken, and was intoxicated in tb*'ir company. Lib. 2. ep. 7. C; I L In these convivial meetings, they not only emptied cups in memory of the Saints, but pretended to drink in honour of the Saviour. This shocking cus- tom must evidently be viewed as a relique of heath* cnish idolatry. Keysler and Hire accordingly trace the term to tliaf early period of the history of the Goths, when the nation met in honour of their false gods, espe- cially at the winter solstice, every one bringing meat and drink for the purpose of mutual entertainment at their general convention. The Cimbric word, gildio, was used, as signifying, to defray the ex- jiences of the compotations. Hence Sn.Q. julgille still signifies the feast of I'ule. The sacred convi- vial meetings, according to Ke} sler, were called Of. fergillen, or Offpe r gilde ; because, as would seem, the meat and drink used at these gilds were consecrated or offered to their deities. Antiq. Septent. p. 349. 350. 362. Snorro Sturleson gives a particular account of their mode of celebrating these feasts. V. Skul. GILDEE, s. The name given on the west coast, to the Whiting Pout, or Gadus Barbatus, Linn. V. Statist. Ace. v. 536. GYLE-FAT, s. The vat used in brewing, for fermenting wort, S. " Gif ane burges — deceis, — his heirc sail haue the best leid, with the mask-fatt, a.ne gijlc-fat, anebarrell, anegallon." Burrow Lawes, c. 125. st. 1. " Perhaps from Dan. gaer, yest," Sibb. But there is not the least afFinity. It is undoubtedly from Belg. gj//, new-boiled beer; Teut. ghijl, chy- lus, cremor cerevisiae, Kilian. This is probably Uom ghijl-en, bullire, fervere; as the beer has been recently boiled, before being pnt into ihc gijle-fat ; or as being still in a state of fermentation. This is called the gijle, Orkn. Thus they have a common phrase, IVcHl have a tunned cog out of the gj/le at Christmas, i. e. " an overflowing pot out of the vat in which (he ale is working." GILEYNOUR, Gilainger, s. i. A cheat, .i deceiver. " The greedy man and the Gilcijuour are soon a- greed." S. Prov. Kelly, p. 307. It is thus expressed by llamsay ; " The greedy man and ihe gielangc)- are well met;" p. 60. Kelly explains it ; " The covetous man will be glad of ;i, good olfcr, and the cheat will olt'er well, designing never to pay." 2. It is certainly the same term which is rendered '• an ill debto'r," Gl. Rams. Proud shaups, dull coofs, and gabbling gawks, Gieluingcrs, and each greedy wight, You place them in their jiroper light. Ramsaif's Poems, i. 134. It is printed gee langcr, Gl. Shirr., .as if it signi- fied give lunger lime. Su. G.W/-/a, gijll-(i, to entice, to entangle, to de- ceive. O. Fr. guitl.i'.r, Languedoc ghil-ixi, id. Sii.G. gjjtlningar, fraudcs. Isl. viel, dece|ition, vae/.a, to deceive (whence Ihre deduces the word felon) R. kHij and guile are evidently allied. \. Goi.ivGER, and Golinyie. GILLIE, r. " Boy "' Pink. G I L Aultl guckis the mundie, scho is a gillie, Scho is a colt-foill, not a fiUie. S. P. Repr. i. 37. If this be the sense, allied to Ir. gilla^ gioUa, a boy ; proi)eily, a servant, a page. But it seems rather to mean, a cheat, a deceiver. V. preceding word. GILLIEGAPUS,GiLLiEGACus. V. Gafus. GILLIEWETFOOT, Gilliwetfit, Gillie- WHIT, (g hard) s. 1. A worthless fellow, a swindler, one who gets into debt and runs off, Loth., almost obsolete. _'. It is said to have formerly denoted a running footman ; also, a bumbailiiF, a beagle. Men oft by change of station tynes, — Like Gilliezi'effoois purging states By papers thrown in pocks or hats, That they might be, when purg'd from dung, Secretaries for the Irish tongue. Colvil's Mock Poem, P. i. p. 83. As this work is at the same time nonsensical and obscure, I cannot determine the sense in which the word is used. It evidently suggests the idea of a very contemptible person. It elsewhere occurs as a contemptuous designation for the retainers of a Lriird or chieftain, who was wont to take free quarters on his vassals. V. Sorn. I suspect t\\3.t giUicicliiffuot is the true orthogra. phy ; perhaps from Su.G. gijlLa, Isl. gil.ia, deci- pcre, and liuicla, actio fervida, huidr-ar pernix fertur, or Su.G. Iiusal, ccler, citus, /oM;:'a/r, pcdibus celer; q. a deceiver, who runs quickly off. GILLOT, s. He fipillis lyk ano farsy aver, that flyrit at ane gillot. Dunbar, Maitiand Poems, p. 49. This is the reading of Edin. edit. 1508, instead of g2/ka(. Perhaps a lizard, Fr. gakote ; or rather the herb Avens or bennet, Fr. ^ii/iot, galliot. GILL-WHEEP, Gell-wheep, s. " The cheat," Gl. Shirr. To get the gili-vsheep, to be jilted, S. B. Sane [soon] as ane kens a lass gets the gilL -.cheep. Scandal's o'er guid a talc to fa' asleep. AVhae'er was thrangest wi' the lass before. They lay the blame for common at his door. Shirrefs' Poems, p. 67. This may be from the same fountain with E.Jilt; which Junius properly derives from ls\. gii-ia, amo- ribus circumvenire; or from Sa.G.gi/ll-a, to deceive; conjoined with aheep, tship, as denoting something sudden and unexpected. V. Whip. Or, the last syllable, as expressing that celerity of action which is common to sharpers, may be allied to Isl. huapp-ast, repente accidit ; also, vagus ferri. GYLMIR. V. GiMMER. GILPY, GiLPEY, s. A young frolicksome fel- low, " a roguish boy," Gl. Rams. A gilpj/ that had seen the faught, 1 wat he was nae lang, Till he had gather'd seven or aught Wild hempics stout and Strang. Ramsay's Poems, i. 278. G I U A. S. gylp.an, to boast, q. a young braggadocio? Gilp, ostentation, boasting, arrogance; U\.gialf-ra, incondite loqui. GILSE, s. A young salmon. V. Grilse. G\LT,pret. ni. Been, or become guilty. Quhat have I gilt to faillts My fredome in this warld and my plesance ? King's Quair, ii. 7. A. S. gijlt-an reum facerc ; gilt, debitum. GILT, s. Money. S. gelt. But wishing that I might ride East, To trot on foot I soon would tyre ; My page allow'd me not a beast, I wanted gilt to pay the hyre. Watson's Coll. i. 12. Thoucht he had gilt that gat hyr han', Na gilt, na gear, ane herte dow wyn. Jamicson's Popular Ball. ii. 321. — All our gelt goes up to London town, And ne'er a farthing we see coming down. Pcnnccuik's Poems, p. to. Rudd., while he derives this from Germ, geld, Teut. geldt, id. strangely supposes that these words are derived from A. S. E. gold, S. gozed, Belg. gout, " the species being put for the genus." But Germ. gelt, money, is merely an oblique use of gelt, pay. uient, compensation, this being generally made ia money ; from gelt-en, A. S. gild-an, to pay. GILTY, adj. Gilded. All thoucht he bo the lampe and hert of heuin, Forfeblit wox his lemand giltii leuin. Doug. Virgil, 200. 15. A.?', gild-an, deaurare. While some derive ^o/f a woman of the lower order. 15ut Stad.-niiis, I'Aplie. Voc. IJiblic. p. 721., has derived ginme, a ram, from qiimmc a man, wliich is evidently the root of v.. g-wimcr; and Ihre himself has romaikcd (hat giimnie, or giiinmu, in Golh., anciendy signified a woman in a general sense. He also admits that gum- vie was used as a title denoting a leader. Hence per- haps it may have been transferred to the ram as the leader of the llork. As, however, gumma i\gm(mA a woman, it is perhaps fully as probable thai ^7"w- mcr was directly formed from this, q. a female be. longing to the Hock. 2. A contemptuous term for a woman, S. The lads upon their lasses ra'd, To see gin they were dress'd ; The mim-mou'd ghnmers them niisca'd ; Ve're sure they maun be press'd. R. Galloi.-oij's I'oemn, p. 90. '' f-S^^i'"""^''} coarsi'j ill-favoured woman," GI. Siiirr. She round the in^Ie wi' her gimmcrs si(s, Cramniin' their gabbles wi' her nicest bits ; While the gudcman out-by maun till liis crap Frae the uiilk coggie, or the parritch cap. I'ergusson'a Poems, ii. 4. Perhaps from gimmer a ewe, or as having the same origin with Vj. gammer. It may, however, be mere- Iv a vitiated pron. of Cammcr, q. v. GYMMER, (g soft) adj. In May gois geudewomcn ij;i/(rtme?'. In gardens greiic their grumes to glade. Scoll, Evergreot, ii. 18G. st. 3. Ramsay cxpl. this '• court and enjoy." But it is unquestioiiabh' the compar. of g/m,gi/m, neat, trim, a word common to S. and O. K. This lludd. and Sibb. improperly view as the same with Gjjmp, adj. q. V. To GYMP, (g soft) V. n. " He dare not gymp., he dare not stir or talk, freely," Rudd. S. E. Kut it denotes more than mere freedom of speech ; being equivalent to gibe, taunt. Rudd., not having observed that various words in Su.G. beginning with sA, and in Germ, with yc/i, are in S. written and pron. with g soft or^;', has mention- ed this 1'. wi(hout giving a hint as to its origin. It M merely Isl. xkimp-a, Su.G. ,vAj/)h/-«, skacm(-a, Germ, scliimpf-en, Uelg. scliiin]>-cit. to scotf, to taunt. This is now generally pron. Jamph, q. v. Gymp, Gympe, Jymp, s. 1. A witty jiit, a taunt, S. B. inaci, synon. Tharfor gude freyndis, for ane gympe or ane bourd, I pray you note me not al cuery worde. Doug, yirgil, 5. 19. 2, A quirk, a subtilty. This is one of the senses given by Rudd. man of law ! lat be thy sutelte, With viysjj^m]>is, And frawdis interkat. Henr^soiic, iiaiDtatyne Poems, p. 120. st. 13. This word occurs, with v.ry little variation, in most of the Northcin languages. Su.G. iAw/w/, lu. dibrium ; Germ, sehimpf, Belg. schimp, a jest, a ca- vil ; tliat kind of jest that tarns out to the reproach of the i)erson again.it whom it is levelled. Isl. >,kjjmp, sport; also, any jeering discourse. ^\'achler informs us, that scli/mp/and crmt are opposed to each other; cnist in schimpf kercn, to turn serious things into jest. Belg. schimp.dkht and schimp-sihnfi, a sa- tire, a lauij^oon ; schamp-schctii, a dry jest. This ajiproaclies more nearly loJatnph, q. v. for the deri- vation of (ho Goth, terms as used in this sense. GYMP, Gimp, .7imp, adj. l. Slender, slim, dc- Jicaic, small, S. Thare was also the preist and menstrale sle Orpheus of Thrace, in syde rob harpand he, — Now wiLhgjjiiij) ringers doing stringis smyte. And now with subtell euore poyiitalis lyte. Doug. Virgil, 187.37.- O than bespak hir dochter deir, She w;is \>i\\i\\jim)> and sma: O row iiu' iu a pair o' sheets, And tow me oner the wa. Adtim o' Gordon, Pinkcrton's !icL S. Ballads, i. 48. Rudd. renders it "neat, pretty, handsome." The iRSt is the only term that has any connexion. But it is applicable only to that species of handsomeness which implies the idea of delicacy of form. Thus in an old song, ladies are said to be jimp and sma. Jimp about tlic wtiisf, is a phrase used to denote an elegant and slender shajie, S. 2. Short, scanty, too little, in whatever way ; as to length, breadth, duration, &c. J'iniJ measure, measure that is under the proper standard, S. scrimp, synon. A piece of dress is said to be Jimp, v^hen it is too short or too narrow. The latter seems in fact the primary sense; as the w ord is undoubtedly from Isl. Su.G. skam, stanit, short, skaemiiia, sbuemt-a, to shorten ; in the same manner as ^^OT/j v. and s. are from ikjjmp-a, skijmj, &c. GiMrLY, JiMFLY, adv. Scarcely, hardly, S. GIN, conj. If, S. A. Bor. Than with his speir he turn'd her owr — O gin her face was wan ! — lie turn'd her our and our again — O gin her skin was white ! Adam o' Gordon, st. 24. 25. Pink. Sel. Bail. i. 45. " Gin is no other than the participle ^/re/i, gi'en, gi'n." Divers. Purl. I. 155. This hypothesis, however plausible, is liable tc» suspicion on the grounds already mentioned, vo. Gif. MoesG. gan.jan, are mentioned as signifying if, GI. Wynt. vo. And. But I cannot discover on what authority. To GYN, 1'. n. To be ensnared. GYN, Gene, ,;. l. An engine for war; pi. gynnys. The gynour than deliuerly Gert bend the^^?? in full gret hy ; And the stane smertly swappyt owt. Barbour, xvii. 682. MS. G I N — Twa galais of gene had he For til assege it be the se. IVj/iitou-n, viii. 33, 77. Gynnysfor cral;ys, great guns, artillery. lie gert cngynys, and cranys, ma, And purwayit gret fyr alsua ; Spryngaldis, and schot, on ser mancris That to defend castell afferis, lie purwayit in till full gret wane : Wot gynnys for crahys had he nane; For in Scotland ycit than but wenc The wse of thaim had nocht bene sene. Barbour, xvii. 250. MS. This was A. 1318, after Berwick was taken from the English. The Scots saw them lirst, in the be- ginning of the rcigu of Edw. III. A. 1327, used by the English army at Werdale in the county of Dur. ham. V. Crakys. Gyii is merely an abbrev. of Fr. cngin, used to de- note a military engine : and this from Lat. iitgen-iiim, which as it primarily signified art, machination, came secondarily to denote a warlike engine, as be- ing the cU'ect of invention. In this sense it is used by Tertullian, de Pallio, c. 1. and commonly by the w riters of the dark ages. It seems ta have been early abbreriated. Etfaen fcr gi/iys en f^alencta — per combdtlre. Chron. Pet. IV. Reg. Arragon. Lib. 3. c. 23. ap. Du Cange. Gynnys is used for engines by R. of Glouc. Gyn was changed at length to gun. This seems the na- tural origin of the latter term. Accordingly, Hart, in his edit, of Bruce A. 1620, instead of gynnys for cra/cys, substitutes guns for cractas. The only circumstance that can give birth to hesi- tation as to this etymon of the modern term is, that Goth, ^an, ls\. funne, denote warfare, battle; and guiinar, in Edda, is used for a battering ram, aries ]iugna\ ; G. Andr. p. 99. Germ, gund, bellum, a Francic and Vandalic word, according to Wachter. Hence gmdfane, Fr. gonfanoii, vexillum militare, f torn gund, a.m\fune a standard. Wachter, however, deduces^j- ind from A.S.gulh, id. .although on grounds rather doiiblful. 2. " The bolt or lock of a door, S." Rtidd. GYN, s. A chasm, a gap. And thus his sprcith he had vnto his in, /.nd with ane quhine stane closit has the gyn. Doug. Virgil, 248. 25. Riidd. is at a loss whether to view this as denoting the bolt or lock, or the door itself. But it is neither. The quhine stiinc seems to have been all the dour that Cacus had. With this he filled up the mouth or opening of his cave, previously described as Ane grisly den, and anc forworthin gap. P. 2 17. 35. A. S. ^/«, hiatus, infercapcdo, intcrvalhim ; Isl. gina, chasma nubium ; from A. S. gin-an, Isl. gyn- tt, to gape, to yawn. To GYN, 1'. n. To begin ; gynith, begins. O empti saile! quhare is the wynd siild blowe Me to the port quhare gyneth all my game ? King's Qiiair, i. 17. I dec for wo ; me think ihou gynis slepe. Ibid. ii. 38. V. Gan. G I R Gynen, 3. p. pi. At thilke tymc ay gynen folk to rencwe. King's Quuir, iii. 40. Gtnnyng, J-. Beginning. - — Be his sturdy gyunyng He gert thame all luave swylk drodyng. That thare wes nane, durst ncych hym nere, Bot quha be name that callyd were. JVynlozcn, viii. 43. 123. GINGE-BRED, s. Gingerbread, S. " There was of meats, wheat-bread, main-bread, and gingc-bread." Pitscottie, p. 14G. This is mentioned as part of the entertainment made for James V. by the Earl of Athole in the wooden palace which he erected for his Majesty, when on a hunting excursion in the Highlands. GINKER, s. Then must the grandson swear and swagger. And show himself (he bravest braggcr, A bon companion and a drinker, A delicate and dainty ginkcr. So is seen on't. These foolish jigs Hath caus'd his worship sell his rigs. IVatson's Colt. i. 29. 30. Being connected y/'ithjigs, it seems here to signify, dancer; Germ, .•uhzcinck-en, sclm-eni-en, celeriter niovere, circumagere, raotitare ; iclm-anlc, agilis. The term, however, may be allied to Jink, q. v. GYNKIE, (^ hard) s. A term of reproach appli- ed to a woman ; as, She's a worthless Gjinhe, Ang. A dimin. from Is], gtnn-a decipere, allicere, sedu. cere ; or Belg. ginnek.en, to sneer ? GYNOUR,^. Engineer, Barb. xvii. 681. V. Gyn, GIPE, J. A designation for one who is greedy or avaritious. . The twa brethren in the Snipes, Wha, though they be but greedy gipes, Yet being once in Craniond Storm. sted, and in gret miscrie. For very hunger like to die. Did give me lodging chearfullic, And fed me well with salmond. JViiison's Coll. i. 61. Isl. gypct, Torax; item, capedo, excipulus. GIPSY, s. A woman's cap, or mutch, S. plaited on the back of the head, Ang. This designation intimates that oiir great-grand- mothers borrowed some of their fashions from the honourable sisterhood of Gipsies, as well as the ladies of the present age. GirsEY Herring, the name given by fishermen to the pilchard, S. " The pilchard — is known among our fishers by the name of the gip'^ey herring; and in November 1800 it appeared in considerable numbers in the Forth, intermixed with the common herrings." Prize Essays, Highland Society of S. ii. 271. GIRD, Gyrd, s. 1. " a hoop," Riidd. a twig bent in a circular form, S. It is also pron. girr, Aberd. girth, Gl. Shirr. Has your wine barrels cast the girds, Or is your white bread gone ? iUinslrehy Border, ii. 120. G I R The word, in tliis sense, approaches nearest to the original meaning, A. S. gipd, virga, hi. gink, vimcn, a roil, a tw ig. Sw. gcrc, circulus, rasa vitilia conti- nens ; Ihre. C. A stroke, a blow, S. The brodyr, that the hand ax bar, Siva saw his fadyr Hand (har ; A f v''/ ryclit to the King he coiitli maik, And with the ax hjin our straik. Barbour, v. 629. MS. Hence to let gird, to strike, to give a blow. He /(■;■/ gird to tlic gronic, with greif that he had. And claif throw the cantcll of the clene schelde. Gaiiiiii and Gnl. iii 23. They girnit and Icil gird with granis. Chr. kirk. sf. 15. It is also used to denote the act of tlirowing a mis- sile weapon. Than Tiiriins, smitin full of fellony, Ane bustuous lance, with grundin hede full kenc. That lang while tasit he in propir tcne, Lcle gird a.t Pallas. Doug. Virgil, 334. 12. Jaclt, Virg. I'crde seems used in the same sense by Chaucer, although by Tyrwliitt and others rendered, a rod. But sore wept she if on of hem were dcde Or if men smote it w ith a yerde smert. Prol. Cant. T. 119. Tlie term has been understood in the prirnar^ sense ; whereas the secondary is certainly preferable in this instance. A smart stroke is a more natural idea than a smart rod. It seems doubtful, if wc arc not to view gerdvn, as used by R. Glouc. in the same sense. V. Rig. It is proper to mention, however, that this etymon of the word, as denoting a stroke, is rather opposed by the use of Su.G. gcrd, giacrd. These terms, which properly denote a work or deed, from goer-a, anc. giacr-u, facere, (S. gar, gcr) also sig- nify a stroke. An tho at giacrd komi thera mad. lum ; quamvis plagae intercesserint ; Dal. Leg. ap. Ihre. Fiillgaerd, gravior vulneratio. To Gird, v. a. l. To strike, to pierce ; gene- rally used with the pron. throw, either pre- fixed or affixed. — This Cafillus stalwart schaft of tre Throus girdis baith his braid schulderis banls. Doug. Virgil, 387. 23. Hypauis cik, and Dymas als alsua. War by thar fallowis throza gird bayth tua. Ibid. 53. 21. Conjixi a sociis. Gird throic, pierced. Out throw the scheild platit wyth stele in hy, Duschitthcdynt, and throw thecorslcttis glydis, Gird throia the coist persing baith the sydis. r- r n r ■ a ■ .^. /*"/. 327. 40. Girde, V. b. is used ni the same sense. Girdc off Gyles head, and let him go no ferther. ™ ,. , , i'-l'lot,ghman,Fol.ll.a. — 10 tinse cnerles two he gan to preyc To slen liim, and to girdrn of his hed. Chaucer, Monies T. v. 14464. -^Throiigh.girt with many a wound G I R His entrails with a lance through-girded quite. Totell's Collect. Songs and Sonnets, 1559. JVarton's Hist. E. P. iii. 53. The primary sense is evidently to strike ; that of piercing being expressed by the aid of a jjrep. Teut. gord-cn, signifies, caedere loris ; from gord, vincu- Iiiin, lorum. But g-o/'t/ seems to be merely ^/itrerrfe, virga, a little transformed ; especially as gord-en al. so siguitios to gird. Now, tzcfgi arc the first thongs or fetters known in a simple state of society. In. deed, gird, a twig, gives ihe origin of the v. gird, to bind round, in all the forms it has assumed in the Goth, hiiiguages. For a twig or rod, formed Jike a hoop, would naturally be used as the first girdle. To GIRD, ©. ft. To move with expedition and force. With that come gijrdand, in a lyng, Crystall of Soytoun, quheu he swa Saw the King sesyt with his fa, And to Philip sic rout he raucht, He gert hym galay disyly- Barbour, ii. 417. MS. " Piercing up," Pink. With that come ^//v/i/;;^' in greif ane wound grym Sire. With stout contenan.cc and sture he stude thamt' beforne. Gaican and Go/, i. 7. This is perhaps merely an oblique sense of the word as signifying to pierce through. I hardly think that it is allied to Su.G. ger-a, mitterc. To GIRD, -v. n. To drink hard, S. B. They hunt about from house to house, — Still ^/rt//«^ at the barley -juice. And oft get drunk. Forbes\s Dotninie Depos'd, p. 42. This word vulgarly denotes a sledfast adherence to any act or course ; whether from the idea of gird, ing, as used E. or binding fast, seems uncertain. GIRD, s. A trick. W^as it not euin be sic anc fenyet gird Quhen Paris furth of Phryge the Troyane hird Soeht to the ciete Laches in Sparta, And thare the douchter of Leda stal awa The fare Helenc, and to Troy tursit raith ? Doug. Virgil, 219. 22. Gird, E. signifies a twitch, a pang; a sarcasm. This, I think, may be viewed as a metaph. sense of our term as denoting a stroke. When Churchyard uses the phrase, " A gird to the flatterers and fau. ners of present tyme," it may signify a blow given to them. V. Worthiness of Wales, p. 21. col. In the same sense it is used by Reginald Scott. " A gird at the Pope for his saucinessc in God's matters.'' Discouerie of Witchcraft, B. xi. c. 12. Marg. But Seren., under this word, refers to Isl. gaur, vir insolens, gaarungr, ludio. As denoting a trick, it scarcely seems to have any connexion with the sense in which the E. word is used, lludd. thinks that it is " metaph. taken from a gird or hoop : whence we say, a souple trick, and to go about one, i. e. deceive or beguile." But this is very much strained. It may rather be traced to Su.G. gocr-a, facere, as signifying incantare. Thus ufgiord denotes the G Y R evil arfs of necromancers ; h].giaerningar, pi. malae .irto'5, magia. GIRDLE, s. A circular plate of cast iron, for toasting cakes over the fire. ThtTL- lyes of oat-nical nt'iT a peck, With water's help which giril/ef hot bakes, And turns to bannocks, and to oat cakes. Coliil's Mock Poem, P. II. p. 8. " From this, it seems probable, the Scotish army had little armour. They carried but a small portion of provisions to the field. A little oatmeal was all, and a girUie to prepare their cake." Dalyell's Frag, mcnts, p. 13. Sibb. mentions Fr. gredill-er, to scorch, to broil. But it properly signifies to curl, crisp, or crum()!e with heat; Cotgr. With more propriety he reft'rs to Su.G. For the shovel, on which bread is put for being baked in an oven, is ca.\lcd grissc/. This, Ihre conjectures, had been originally graed^el, from gracdd-a to bake; which v. certainly gives the ori- gin of our girdle, V.. grid-iron seems to acknow- ledge the same source; although Junius derives it from Fr. gr//, q. gril-iron, and Lye from A. S. grinjle, a rail, from Isl. grind, id. GYRE-C ARLING, (g hard) s. l. " The Queen of Fairies, tiie great hag, Hecate, or mother- witch of the peasants." Gl. Compl. S. p. 318. — The propheceis of Rymour, Bcid and Mar- ling. And of mony vther plesand history. Of Reid Ktin, and the Oj/rc Curling: Comfortand thee, quhen that I saw the sory. Lyndsay's IVarkis, 1592. Ep. to Ja. V. p. 225. It is the spreit of Marling, Or sum sche gaist or gyrcarling. Lyndfat/, Pink. S. P. Repr. il. 18. Leave Bogles, Brownies, Gjjre-carlings and gaists. Pok:art, IVatson's Coll. iii. 27. I question the propriety of the first appellation. The Queen of Fairies seems to have had attributes of a less terrific kind. Superstitious females, in Fife, arc anxious to spin off all the flax that is on their rocks, on the last night of the year; being persuaded that if they left any onspun, the Gj/re-carlin, or as they also pro- nounce the word, the Gij-carlin, would carry it off before morning. The word is pron. Gay-cai'lin, Border. The meaning of the last part of this designation is ob- vious. V. Carlin. The first syllable may be from Isl. Germ.^ej'r, Teut. ^/li'er, Belg. g-icr, a vulture ; which seems to be denominated from its voracity : Tent, ghier-en, Belg. gier.en, Alera. ger.en. signifying appetere, to be earnestly desirous, to covet; and ^u.G. gaer-a to eat voraciously, whence Gaeri (G. Andr.) Geri, (Mallet, ii. 106.) one of the wolves of Odin. The other is called Freke or Freki, as the former sup- poses, from Lat.ferox; the work allotted to thera being to consume the bodies of the dead. Ger, according to Olaus, denotes one who is greedy and voracious, as if he were inhabited by Geri, the wolf of the god Odin, which, as is feign- ed in the Edda, fed its lord with the flesh and blood of those who were slain in battle. Les. Run. to. Ger. G I II To this Tcut. ghier-raolf, rendered by Kilian, ly- caon, hcliio, has an evident analogy; and Belg. gier-toolf, a ravenous wolf. Or, Gyre.cnriin may be allied to Gcira, the name of one of the ValkyriHr or Fates of the Gothic na- tions, whose peculiar province seems to have been to decide the fate of battle. They received their name, according to G. Andr., from val, slaughter, and kior, lots ; being supposed to determine the death of men as it were by lot. But the last part of the name Falkijriur is rather from Isl. iior-a, Su.G. kor-a, to chuse ; because they were believ. td to be employed by Odin to select in battle those who should die, and to make victory incline to what side soever he pleased. The three destinies of greatest distinction, among the Northern nations, were Uri/, the past, Ferandi, the present, and Sciilde, the future. V. Mallet, i. 103. It merits observation, that as the Romans had three Purcae, Clotlw, Lachcsis, and Alropos, there is a considerable analogy. For the tirst was snp. posed to preside over the birth, the second over the life, and the third over the death of each individual. V. Rosin. Antiq. Rom. Lib. 2. c. 15. In this manner were the attributes and work of the One Supreme disguised and distributed, during the dark- ness of heathenism. 2. A scarecrow, S. B. " Altho' you had seen her yoursell you wou'd na hae kent fat to mak o' her, unless it had been a gyr-carlen, or to set her up araon' a curn air bear to tiey awa' the ruicks." Journal from London, p. 2. In like manner several other terms, originally de- noting supernatural beings, are used to signify the imitations of fheni ; as doolie, bcglc, &c. GYRE FALCONS, Gerfalcons. This is the reading of Houlate, ii. 1. MS. where it is Eyre falcons, Pink. edit. Gyre Falcons, that gentillie in bewtyeabondis, War dere Dnckis, and digne, to deme as etferd. i. e. " precious leaders." Germ, geirfalk, id. according to Wachter, is comp. of geir a vulture, and /arte a falcon; because the vulture is the prey of this species of falcon; ghier-vii/ck, Kilian. To GIRG, JiRG, V. n. To make a creaking noise, S. Girgand, part. pr. Ne ceis thay not apoun the^/r^rtH(/ wanys The greit aikis to turs away attanis. Doug. Firgil, 365. 17. Vox exsono efficta, Rudd. But V. Chirk. GIRKE, s. A stroke, Y.. jerk. " Now must he runnc into ruine : Let mec giue him ^girke with my roddej" Z. Boyd's Last Battellj p. 1216. Lye (Jun. Rtym.) deiives the E. word from A. S. gcraeccan corrigere ; Seren. from Isl. hrech-ia pul- sare, oTJarke pes feriens. To GIRN, V. n. l. To grin, S. Girnaml, part. pr, ; dentibus infrendens. He vnabasit about on euery syde Behaldis, ^/rraa« bciug sunk, would be pronounced as gairthi, or ga being thrown away, as i/-a/>7/(/,/«j/V/i2', or frith, w and/ being frequently interchanged. Jt is written ^/vV/j by Rymer. When Edw. III. proposed an invasion of Scot- land, " all persons," as Lord Ilailes observes, " who on account of felony had taken refuge in sanctuaries, were pardoned by royal proclamation, under condition of serving at their own charges, in the army of Baliol. They are denominated Griih- men, i. e. Girth-men. Foedera, V. 328." Annals, ii. 210, 211, N. 3. The privilege 'granted to criminals during Christmas, and at certain other times. " like Lord may tine his court of law, twelfe moneths and ane day. And gif he halds his court in time defended of [prohibited by] law, that is to ■witt, fra I'lile girth be cried, quhill after the law daycs, or within the time of Harvest, or then be- fore the thrie schireff courts, or mutes." Baron Courts, c. 26. This is expl. in the parallel passage, Quon. Attach, c. Q. " after the King's peace publicklie proclamed — before Yule, or in Har- vest," iSrc. Thus it appears, that from the traditioi)ary vene- ration paid to this season from time immemorial, no criminal during its continuance, might be prose- cuted or punished. 4. Used metaph., in the sense of sanctuary, or privilege. Than suld I worth red for schame. And H-yn, til succoure me fra blame, The G_yr(h of excusatyowne, Gud will pretendand for resowne. WyntoKii, Tii. Prol. 27. Perhaps girthul, mentioned by Skene, (Verb. Sign.) is merely Y'lile girth inverted. Su.G. frid, a'.reidy mentioned as et^uivalont to G Y S grid, girth, is used in the Laws of Upland in the very same conncjiion as girth, in the passage last quoted ; to denote a legal protection against appear, ing in judgment at certain times. The Yule girth in Sweden is called Jula^ridhcr ; that during spring, Var.fridhcr ; Ledungs fridher, feriac expeditionis militaris. Another season of the same kind is de- nominated Disathings fridher, that is, the time of the fair of Upsal. This had its name from Disa. blot, the great annual sacritice celebrated at Upsal, during heathenism, in honour of all the goddesses worshipped by the Goths; {com Dita, a goddess. V. Ihre, vo. Frid, Disa. G. Andr. indeed expl. Isl. D^s as corresponding to the Roman goddess Ops. To GYS, y. a. To disguise. V. Gyis. GYSAR, Gysard, J. l. A harlequin; a term applied to those who disguise themselves about the time of the new year, S. gysart. I saw no gy^ars all this yeir, Bot— kirkmen cKd 1} k men of weir ; That never c\immis in the queir ; Lyk rullians is thair array. Mait/und Poems, p. 298. Whan gloamin gray comes frae the east, Through a' the gijsarls venture; In sarks an' paper helmets drest. Rev. J . Nicol's Poems, i. 29. " The exhibitions of gj/sarfs are still known in Scotland, being the same with the Christmas mom. niery of the English. In Scotland, even till the be- ginning of this century, maskers were admitted into any fashionable family, if the person who introduced them was known, and became answerable for the behaviour of his companions. Dancing with the maskers ensued." Bauuafyne Poems, Note, p. 235. 2. A person whose looks are disfigured by age, or otherwise, S. " The third was an auld wizsn'd haave-coloured" carlen, a sad gi/sard wtdt'ed, an' as baul' as ony et- tercap." Journal from London, p. 2. The custom of disguising now remains only among boys and girls, some of whom wear masks, and others blacken their faces with soot. They go from door to door, singing carols that have some relalioa to the season, and asking money, or bread superior in quality to that used on ordinary occasions. One circumstance in the procedure of the Gt/- sards may appear very odd. It is common, in some parts of the country at least, that if admitted into any house, one of them who precedes the rest, car- ries a small besom, and sweeps a ring or space fo'r them to dance in. This ceremony is strictly observ- ed ; and, it has been supposed, is connected with the vulgar tradition concerning the light dances of the Fairies, oni- of whom is always represented as sweeping the spot aiipropruited to their festivity. The custom of appearing disguised at this season is of great antiquity. A similar one i)revailed in many of the cities of Gaul during the times of heath- enism, and was continued after the establishment of Christianity. We accordingly find that it was one of the canons enacted by the Council of Auxerre ia Burgundy, A. 578, that no one should be permitted, 3 R3 G I S on the calends of Jamiary, ve/ula aut cervo/o face- re Some have iiiiilerstood these words of sacrific. ine a calf or deer. But they evidently signify to ad the catf or buck, i. e. to counterfeit these ani- mals. In a llomilv ascribed to the celebrated Au- eustine, Bishop of Hippo, concerning the calends of January, it is said ; " What wise man can be- licTc that others are in their senses, who acting the blag, wish to assume the appearance of wild beasts? Some are clolhed in the skins of cattle, others have the heads of beasts, rejoicing if they can appear so innrh in a beastly form." -An old Penitential pre. scribed three years penance for those who were chargeable with this ofl'ence. V. Menage, vo. Bkhe ; Dh Cangc, vo. Cervula; Spanhem. Hist. Christ. Sec. Q. p. 1133. The singing of carols is also very ancient. The heathen Romans observed this custom during the Calends of January. Hence it was prohibited in some of the early canons of the Church, as a prac- tioc unbecoming Christians. Non observetis dies, qui dicuntur Aegyptiaci, aut Calendas Januarii, in qi'.ibus canlileniu- qnaedam, et commessationcs, et ad invicim dona donantur, quasi in principio anni boui fati augurio. — Si quis, Calendas Januarii ritn Paganoruni colcre, vel aliquid plus novi faccre prop- ter annum novum, aut nicnsas cum lampadibus, vel tas ill doniibiis praeparare et iicr vicos et |)Iateas caiUores et choros ducere praesumpserit, anathema sit. V. Rosin. Antiq. p. '29. The Su.Cr. term hilbock has had a similar origin. It is a sport, in which young people, at the time of Yule, assume the skin and appearance of a ram, and thus run on those «ho oppose them. The word li- terally signifies the buck or stag of Yule. " It is this," says Ihre, " 1 believe, that foreign writers call cervulus^ or in cervulum se (raiisformare ; as of old sports were profanely used during their solem- uities." On account of the excess to which the amuse- ments used during this season were carried, Pacia- nus IJarrilonensis wrote a book against them, which he entitled Cervus or the Buck. This is now lost, as Fabricius observes, Bibliolh. Latin. Med. Aevi. This word is not, as has been supposed, an ab- breviation of Fr. disguise. It is from Teut. gui/se, a scofl", sauna, irrisio ; gui/se setten, to make uiouihs, to put on a fool's face, illuderc alicui ore distorlo vel alio quovis sannae gcnere, — naso suspcn. dere :ulunra ; Kilian. ToGYSEN. V. Geize. GISSARME, GissARNE, Githern, /. A hand- ax, a bill. '' He qulia hes les nor fourtic schilling land, sail haue aiie hand axe (gi/sarum, Lat. lid.) ane bow, and arrowes." Stat. Will. c. •23. § 4. Du Cange thinks that tliis ought to be read gu. sarm. — In thari- hand withhaMand euery kiiycht Twa jawilliiig speris, or lh.in gissarnc stauis. Uouz. yirgil, 1^7 . 17. The same word seems to have been corrupted to Gilhl^l^n. Reft from Troianis ia the bargauc, bare thay, G L A Baith lielmcs, hors, scheildis and rthir gere, Swerdis, githernis, and mony stalwart spere. Ibid. 461. 26. Ensesque ct tela ferentes ; Maffei. Fr. giiisitrme, id. ; although giif/sarme is impro. piTJy rendered, cspece de sabre, on d'eiwe, Gl. llomm. de la Rose. It seems merely a corruption of \.3.i. gcsum, by which Du Cange renders it. Gesa, a gero., is, genus armorum quod Gallicae dicitur Gisarma; Joan, de Janua, ibid. Gesum, asta, [hasta] jaculum ; Isidor. GITE, s, A gown. His garinond and his gite ful gay of graie. His widret wede fro him the windc out wore. Hcnrjjsone's Test. Creseide, Chvon. S. P. i. 162. Chaucer, id. Perhaps radically the same with weed j Alem. giitatt. GYTE. To gang gite, to act extravagantly, in whatever way, whether from anger or joy ; to act as in a delirium, S. hite, S. B. synon. The man's gane gj/te ! Dear Symon, welcome here ; — What wad ye, Glaud, with a' this haste and din ? Ye never let a body sit to spin. Ramsaij's Poems, ii, 92. Perhaps from Isl. gaet-ast, Su.G. gaed-as, lae. tari, from gied, the mind, a term sometimes used to denote cheerfulness ; gac, gaudium. GITHERNIS, Doug. Virgil, 401. 26. V.Gis- SARME. GYTHORN, s. A guitar. The croude, and the monycordis, the g^tkornis gay. • Houlate, iii. 10. The harpis and the gythornis playis attanis. Doug. Virgil, 475. 54. Cithara is the only word used by Maffei, which Doug, explains as denoting both harp'! and gi/. thornis. The guitar, indeed, is merely a species of harp. Chaucer, giternc ; Fr. giterne, guiterre, evi. dently formed from cithara. V. Citharists, GITIE, aiJf. Shining as an agate. Vpon thair forcbrows they did beir — Pendants and carcants shining cleir, With plumages of gitic sparks. mrt-on's Cull. ii. 10. V. Gate, Get. GIZZEN, s. Childbed. V. JizzEN-BED, To GIZZEN, II. n. To become dried. V. Geyze. To GL.ABBER, Glebber, v. n. To speak in- distinctly ; as children who have not learned to articulate with propriety, S. Teut. tlappcr-en, klepper-en, crepitare ; klep. pcr-iaiiden, crepitare dentibus. Gael, glafaire, a babbler ; Shaw. GLACK, s. 1. a defile between mountains or hills, Perths. Aug. It denotes a more extensive hollow than the word Sware. >Vhan words he found, their elritch sound Was like the norlan blast, Frae yon deep ^-luci at Catla's back, G L A That skeegs the dark-brown waste. JMins/relsi/ Bonier, iii. 359. 2. " A ravine in a mountain," Gl. Pop. Ball. — The wolf wow'd hideous on the hill, Yowlin' frae gluck to brae. Jamieson's Pop. Ball. i. 234. 3. It is sometimes used to signify an opening in a wood where the wind comes with force, as through a funnel, being confined on both sides, Perths. 4. " The part of a tree where a bough branches out," Gl. Pop. Ball. It is also explained, " the part of the hand between the thumb and fingers." Ibid. The ingenious Editor of those Ballads derives it from Gael, glaca', to lay hold of. This may indeed be the origin of the term as used in relation to the liand ; but in the other senses, in the first three at least, it is eridently from Gael, glac, a narrow glen, glaic, a defile. As denoting the hand, it seems the same with the following word. I am much inclined to think that Su.C. g/t'ggh ra. dically the same, as signifying a hole, an a|icrliire of any kind, as in a wall, a hedge, &c. Ihre, Widcg. Dan. gliigge, a hreathing-hole, a vent, a window. This G. Andr. derives from Isl. gligg-i\ which anci. ently signified the wind ; hence transferred to an opening for the admission of air. Fcntus, antiqua. turn est, sed hodie retinetur gliiggr, Danice, Viiidde, — scilicet, foramina seu fenestrae ubi venti transpi. rewt, fenestra aperta. Lex. p. 92. The derivation of is:>ndoia is perfectly analogous ; Isl. vini/auge, Su.G. vindoega. This is from vind, ventus, zndaugc^oega, primarily, oculus, the eye ; iu a secondary sense, foramen, i. e. an aperture for the wind. For the principal use of a zcindozc, among barbarous nations, is as an airhole for expelling the smoke. GLACK, J. 1. A handful, or small portion of any thing, Ang, And iSory at it did for blylhness fidge, Taks frae h.or pouch z glad of bread and cheese. And unto Lindy with a smirtle gees. Rosses Helenore, p. ]G. 2. As much grain as a reajjer holds in his hand, before it be laid down in order to be bound, Ang. 3. A snatch, a little food taken hastily, Ang. Gael. 4Jf/««', a handful, Shaw; Ir. Ian glake, id. Glac, the hand, Lhuyd. To GLACK one's mitten, to put money into one's hand, as a gift, or as a bribe, S. B. " I hae been sae eidcnt writing journals that I hae beeu quite forfoughcn wi' them : but [ne'er] ane has glacked my mitten for as sair as I hae been niddered wi' them." Journal from London, p. 1. This may be allied to A.S. ge-laecc-an, to lay hold of ; but rather, I suspect', to the s. last men. tioued ; Ir. Gael, glac-um, to take, to receive, GLAD, Glaid, Glade, Glid, adj. \. Smooth, easy in motion. " Spoken of doors, bolts, Sic. that go smoothly," Rudd. 2. Slippery; glid ice, S. B. G L A 3. It is sometimes metaph. applied, to a peiiiOi. who is not to be trusted ; borrowed from tl)e idea of what is slippery, S. B. A.S. glid, Belg. glad, Su.G. glati, lubricus; glatte ix, glid ice, S. GLADDERIT,/.ar/./,a. — Gor is his tua grym ene gladderit aW about, And gorgit lyk twa guttaris that wer with glar stoppit. Dunbar, Mailland Poems, ^. 48. " Collected ;" Pink. It may indeed be a deriva. live from A.S. ge-lath-ian, congregare. But it seems rather allied to Teut. kladder-en, macnlare, to bedaub ; or the same with ghidderit. V. Gludder. GLAIK, more commonly pi, Gi-aiks, i. i. The reflection of the rays of light, on the roof or wall of a house, or on any other object, from a lucid body in motion. Hence, to cast the glaiks on one, to make the reflection fall on one's eyes, so as to confound and dazzle, S. Mr Pink, having defined glaiics, " reflection of the sun from a mirror ;" it has been observed, that " in this sense it seems only provincial ;" Gl. Sibb. Piut it is thus used both in the Nortli and West ; and if I mistake not, generally in S. It seems, in- deed, the primary signification. Greit in the glaiis, gude Maister Gwiliane Gowkks ; Maist imperfyte in poetrie and prose. Kennedy, Evergreen, ii. 73. st. 32. Here it is pretended that Dunbar shone only by a false and illusory lustre. 2. A prism, or any thing that produces reflection. In one nook stood Lochabrian axes, And in another uouk the^/are is. Adatnson' s Muses Threnodie, p. 4. 3. A deception, a trick ; in a general sense ; used both in sing, and pi. It is especially ap- plied to any person or thing that suddenly eludes one's grasp or sight, S. To play the glaiis icith one, to gull, to cheat. Get I thame, thay sail beir thair paikis. I se thay plajjd with me the glaikkis. Li/ndsaj/, Pink. S. P. Repr. ii. 156. To get the glaik, to be gulled or cheated, .S. B. Yet routh o' honour he has got, Even tho' hegjls the glaik. Fan he's sae crous that he would try To be brave Ajax' maik. Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 3. " Glaik, cheat ;" Gl. V. Fon. This sense would suggest that it is radically the same with A. Bor. ^/et;A-, to deceive or bfguile. As it is used by Shaksi)eare ; " I can gleei upon occa- sion ;" Lambe thinks, that it has beeu improperly rendered j(6>^e or scoff'. To hunt the glaiis, to pursue any object with per* petual disaiipointmeut. — Throush the country we did come. We had far belier staid at hcune. We did nothing but hunt the glaiis ; For after we had got our i)aiks, They took us eyery one as prizes, G L A And comlcmn'd us in assizes. Cuhil's Mock Poem, p. 55. Yft with the gldiiii lie was owcrgano, And in adiilterie he was tane. Legend Up. St Androis, Poems 16th Cent. p. 317. 4. The act of jilting. To ^V /if ^/"''^•f, to jilt one, after seeming to give encouragement in love, S. I helpit a bonnie lassie on wi' her daiths, Fii >.t wi' her stockins and then w i' her shoon : And i\\cgiuc me \\\c gluiki when a' was done. Uurd\ CvUeciion, ii. 230. 5. Used in pi. as a contemptuous appellation for a giddy and frivolous person. His wvf bad tiiiii ga haine, (Hb Glaiks. Chr. hiit, St. '23. Chron. S. P. ii. 366. 0. A bat ; Loth. The proviiK ial use of tliis term is evidently bor- row nl from the imsl.ady (liuht of the bird thus de- nomiiiaied, resembling the literal gluiks ; in conse- qiicMO- of Hhich those who think to catch it are often gulled, when they seem almost certain of their prey. The .same etymons have occurred to mo as to Sibb. It may be from A. S. glig, ludibriuni ; or MoesG. hit-an, Su.G. let.a, Isl. Icik-a, to play, to sport. As Ulphilas uses bi-lail;-an in this sense, the same y. might also assume the form of ga-taii-an. It may, indeed be merely Tcut. glkk-en, nitere, fulgere, ru- filare. To Glaik, Glaike, "v. n. To trifle with; to spend time idly or playfully, S, Yet and thou <;laike, or gagoiun The trueth, thou sail come downe. Spec. Godly Ball. p. 9. I wat thair wes ten thousand score Of birds and beists maist brude : To ken thame, or pen thame, My wit it wes to walk ; Or yit thair, to sit thair, On sick consaits to glaik. liurtl's P/lgr. Watson's Coll. ii. 29. Gi-AIKIT, Glaykyt, Glakyt, /)rtr/. fli^'. 1. Un- steady, light, giddy, frolicsome, S. " The ciuil lauis detfendis & forbiddis al monopo- les and conuentions of the comont pepil, be cause the maist part of them areuil condicionet, & ar obedient to there apetitis and to there glaykijt affections." Compl. S. p. 219. A Macaronie, proud ?ct\i\ gluikit, — A' his life, had, thowless, sneakit Thro' clartic streets to ladies' tea-bells. Kc-c. J. Nicol's Poems, ii. 101. 2. Foolish, rash, inconsiderate. Quhen ,Ihon oil Lyn saw thaim in armour brycht. He lewrh, and said thir haltyn words on hycht; Yon glaki/t Scottis can ws noeht wndy rstand ; Fulys thai ar, is new cumniyn oh' the land. VVuUuce, X. 845. MS. Qiihattano ane glaikil fuU- am I, To slay iii)Silf with melancoly. Sin Weill 1 JviMi I may noeht get hir? Or qiihat suld be the cans, and qnhy, To breke my hairl, and noeht the h.ttir? Scatty Vhron. S. P. iii. 170. G L A 3, It is often applied to young women, when light, thoughtless, and giddy ; including at least the idea of coquetry, S. I think sic giglottis ar hot glaik it ; Without protite to haue sic pride, Hariand thair claggit taillis sa syde. Lymlsay, On syde taillis, 1592. p. 308. A spendthrift lass proves ay a glaiket wife, And that maks duddie weans and raickle strife. JSlorison's Poems, p. 131. Glaiking, s. Folly ; wantonness. Sum takkis our littill autoritic, And sum oure mckle, and that is glaiking ; In taking sould Discretioun be. Dunbar, Bannafyne Poems, p. 51. sf. 1. GLAYMORE, ^. l. A two-handed sword. " We also saw his bow, which hardly any man now can bend, and his glaymore, which was wielded with both hands, and is of a prodigious size." Bos. well's Journ. p. 255. 2. The common broad-sword, with a basket-hilt, now generally receives this name. " — The broad-sword now used, though called the glaymore (i. e. the great sicord) is much smaller than that used in Rorie More's time." Boswell's Journ. p. 255. Gael, claidhamh, a sword, more, great. It is ge- ncrally pron. claymore, S. GLAIRY-FLAIRY, adj. Gaudy, shewy, S. B. from the E. v. glare, and its synon. ftare. Glairie-flairies, J. />/«;-. Gaudy trappings of little value, and unbecoming in the wearer, Ang. GLAIZIE, adj. " Glittering, smooth as glass," glossy, S. I've seen thee dappl't, sleek, a.ml gluizie. Burns, iii. 141. V. Gleis. GLAMER, Gl.\mour, s. The supposed influ- ence of a charm on the eye, causing it to see objects dillerently from what they really are. Hence, to cast glamer o'er one, to cause decep- tion of sight, S. This word is used by Dunbar; but I have not marked the p.issage. And she came tripping down the stair, And a' her maids before her ; As soon as they saw her well far'd face, They coost the glamer o'er her. Johnny Faa, Ritson''s S. Poems, ii. 176. It had much of glamour might Could make a ladye seem a knight; The cobwebs on a dungeon wall Seem tapestry in lordly hall ; A nut-shell seem a gilded barge, A sheeliug seem a palace large, And youth seem age, and age seem youth — All was delusion, nought was truth. Lay of the Last Minstrel, C. iii. 9. Here the s. is used as an adj. Sec a very curious Note on the subject of Gla- mour, allixed to this beautiful Poem, p. 260—262. The vulgar believed, (and the idea is not jet univer- sally exploded) that a four-bladcd stalk of clover G L A w-as i glare. Ibid. 178. 16. Gcordic — spat out Thej'/rtu/- that adowu his beard ran. Rcc. J. Nko/'s Foemf, ii. 160. V. Sharv. Ancitndy the term seems to have been nearly ap. propriatid lo the slime or viscous mud on the baulis of rivers, lakes, or on the sea-shore. It is now ap- plied to mud, without necessarily including the idea iif ils biiu;; viscous, S. 2. Any glutinous substance. " For tua houris lang, baytht my eene grcii as fast to gyddir as thai hed bene gleuit vitht glar or vitht glfu." Compl. S. p. 105. This in Gl. is rendered '' mud, mire." But from the efl'ect, and also the connexion with glue, the term seems used in a more detiuite and restricted sense, as denoting glutinous matter; like Fr. /a glaire d'line ueiif, the white of an egg. A . S. g/aere, succinum, '■^G/aj/re, is gltij/re (i. e. the white) of an egge ;" Somner. Glair is used in the same sense, S. f r. gtaire also in a general sense denotes a slimy soil. This, 1 suspect, may be radically from Su.G. ler, Dan. leer, Isl. leir, lutum, cotnum, with^e pre- fixed, q. ge-leir. The word, however, has by some been deduced from Gael. gaur. GLASCHAVE, adj. — Wiih gredy mjnd, 3.x\A glaschave gane; Mell hedit lyk ane mortar-slane. Dunbar, Mai/land Puems, p. 111. This probably signifies, a voracious mouth, as cor- responding to a greedy mind ; Su.G. gltipslc, vorax ; Sw. glufs-a, Isl. glei/p-a, voro, deglutio. If this be not ihe sense, it may be designed to convey a coarse idea, according to the general strain of this poem, from Fr. gla^foiier, a jakcs. GLASHIE, «a>-. Her wav'ring hair disparpling flew apart 111 seemly shed : the rest with reckless art NVilh many a curling ring decor'd her face, And gauc her gla\hic browes a greater grace. Hudson's Judith, p. 55. GLASSOCK, s. The name of a fish, Sutherl. " In summer, ^/avsocA-.*, or Says, are got in great plenty." P. Edderachyls, Statist. Arc. vi. 290. The Say is undoubtedly the Seath or Coal-fish. Perhaps from (Jael.^/n.v grey, as expressing its co- lour. In C. B. it is called Chivetlijii glas ; Pcnn. Zool. III. 348. Gm\. gtaiuitn is expl. by Shaw, a son of fish. Both in the West Highlands and in Caithness, Seaths are called Gray Fiyfi, q. v. To GLASTER, v. n. " T6 bark, to bawl," ?.udd. Gl. Shirr, ^/aw/^r. G L E Snmglasteris, and thay gang at al for gate woU: Sum spendis on the auld vse. Sum makis ane tume ruse. Doug, ytrgil, 238. b. ] . The meaning of this obscure line may be; " Some brag much, if they have made the slightest exertion ; although to as little purpose, as he who should travel in quest of goat-wool." I consider the word as here signifying to boast; first because the sense seems to require it, as the ac- tion described is voluntary. It is also most conso- nant to what follows, sum maki-: ane tume ruse, i. e. they boast where they have no reason. Besides, this is perfectly analogous to the sense o£ the s. Glasie- rer, q. v. This is probably from Fr. glast-ir, to bark, to yelp; especially as the Fr. word seems deduciblc from Su.G. g(uj's-a, which not only signilies to bark, but to speak foolishly, inconsiderate loqui ; g/aepp~ a, id. g/appe, nuga.toT, glopsia, stultitia. Glasterer, J-. A boaster, a braggart. " The Papists plead their cause at some times by objecting of ignorance to the lleforniod kirkcs. But I have never heard it of any of our adversaries against us, except of some vain glasterers, who think, themselves learned, because thiir dwelling hath marclied a long time with bookes and learning : and know not their own ignorance, because they paine not themselves to read and consider difficulties." Course of Couformitie, p. 150. To GLAUM, V. n. To grasp at a thing. It most generally denotes a feeble »nd ineffectual attempt ; as that of an infant who begins to grasp at objects ; or of one groping from blind- ness, or in the dark, Ang. A. Bor. goam, to grasp or clasp. My heart for fear gae sough for sough, To hear the thuds, and see the cluds O' clans frae woods, in tartan duds, Wha^/a«OT'f/ at kingdoms three, man. Burns, iv. 362. This seems nearly allied to Su.G. glims, in the phrase, taga i glims, used in a signitication nearly equivalent, errare in capiendo, frustrari, q. to let a glam at a thing, S. Isl. gams is used in the same sense, frustratio : ad snapa gams, frustra male haberi ; G. Andr. To this A. Bor. ^"ffM seems more nearly allied ; as also to giacmc, Vio, (.ateo, includo, capio ; G. Andr. p. 88. There may, however, be some affinity between Su.G. glims, S.glaam, and Isl glyme, \aclor, g/i/mle, lucli- tor ; as, in struggling, persons stretch out their hands somewhat in the same manner, as when groping in the dark. V. Glamp, v. Glaum, s. A grasp at an object, especially one that is ineffectual, .^ng. V. the v. GLE, Glew, J. 1. Properly game, sport; being the same with E. g/ee, and used in the same sense, S. For reiling thair micht na man rest, For garray, and for glcic. Pchlis to the Play, st. 2. 2. Metaph. and proverbially applied to matters of great importance, as, the fate of battle. G L E Thomas Raiidoll ofTijret reno-n-nc, AnJ Adam alsiia oft Gonloun, — Tlioclit in to the Forest to ly, — Aad with trawaill, and stalwart fycht, Chace Dowglas out oil the countrc. Lot othyr Mayis then yeld the gle. llarlwur, ix. 701. MS. Thai thoucht that all that thai faud thar Suld dey, but ransoiin, cuirilkanc: Bot wtliyr wavis the gle is gane. I/jiJ. XV. 176. MS. The Kyng said, " As the glczo is gane, Better than thow I inycht it do." Ibid. vi. C5S. MS. A. S. g/e, glic, glco, glia; id. It is not improba. ble, that the root is Isl. gli-a, Fr'is. gli.aii, si)!cnde- re, to shine ; as light is both the cause and the era. blem of joy. Ihro, however, views A. S. gle, gau- dium, as radically allied to Su.G. Ic, Isl. Iitacg-a, kiae-a, hlej.a, Gr. y'tXau, ridere, to laugh. V. next ■ word. Gle-men, s.pl. Minstrels. The words are used as synon. Na mcnstrallis playit to thaym but dowt, i'oT glc-mcii tliair wcr haldin out. Dunbar, lian/ia/j/iic Poems, p. 30. A. S. glig-man, gti-man, a mnsitian ; also, an ac- tor, a mimic ; from gleo, g/i, g/ig, music, minstrel- sy, and man. lal. glijarc, scurro, ludio, from glj/r, ghj, cachiuuus. GLEAM. " Gane gleam, taken fire, gone in a gleam or blaze," S. B. In spite o' Ajax mucklc targe, The barks had a' gane gleam ; If ithcr fouk had na been there, He'd been sent roasten harae. Poems ill the Buchan Dialect, p. 27. Perhaps rather n. gan gleam, begun to gleam. |i GLED, j'. The kite, falco milvus, Linn. As this name is used in E. glead, I mention it mere- ly to observe, that in S. it is very generally known by the designation, the greedy gled. A. S, glide, glida, Su.G. glada. Rudd. adopts the idea of Somner, ad Gloss. Lips, that the name is from glid.an, to glide, " because he glides easily through the air with very little motion of his wings." To GLEEK, V. n. " To gibe, or sneer." Sir J. Sinclair's Observ. p. 85. A. Bor. id. V. Glaik, s. I GLEG, adj. 1. Qiiick of perception, by means of any one of the senses, S. Gleg of the ee, sharp-sighted, S. In this sense Isl. g/aiiggr is used, Edda Saemund. (rendered, perspicax, lynceus; acer visu, G. Audr. The gods tho' look on mortal men Wi' ejjn baith just axiA gleg. Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 8. Hence, Glcg.eyed, sharp-sighted, S. Yet //(Sy-ej/e// friends throw the disguise Receiv'd it as a dainty prize. — Ramsaj/'s Poems, i. 70. Gleg of the lug. or of hearing, quick in hearing, S. The unlatit woman the licht man wJU lait, GLE AVyth prik youkand eeris, as the awsk gleg. Fordun, Scotichr. ii. 370. V. Lait, v. Bellcnden uses it as applicable to the senses in ge- neral. " Thir mussillis ar sa doyn ghg of t:ciche and herjjng, that hou belt the voce be neuir sa small thai is maid on the bia bcsyde tiiayni, or the stane be neuir sa small that is cassin in the waiter, thay douk haistelie and gangis to the ground." Descr. Alb.c. 12. 2. Sharp, keen ; applied to edged tools ; as, a gleg razor, a gleg needle, S. Death snaps the thread Wi' his^/ry shears. Rev. J. Kicol'i Poems, i. 107. 3. Clever, quick in motion, expeditious, S. I may as wtel bid Arthur's Seat To Berwick-La vv make ^-i^cj- retreat. — Fcrgusion's Pocmi, ii. 10 >, Forbye, he'll shape you aft fn' gleg The cut of Adam's philibog. Burns, iii. 319, Here the adj. is used as an adv. 4. Attentive, S. — 'I'he lad wh» gleggcsf waifs upon it, Receives the bubble in his bonnet. Ramsaj/'s Poems, i. 330. Isl.^^^?--r, pcrspcctus, considerans. This word is also rendered attentus. MoesG. glaggxuba, dili- genter, accurate ; Luk. i. 3. xv. 8. 5. Smooth, slippery, glib ; gleg ice, ice that is very smooth, because it facilitates the motion of any bod)', S. The term opposed is tauchie. 6. Transferred to the mind ; acute, clever, quick of apprehension, S. There was a sage call'd Albumasor, Whase wit was gleg as ony razor. Ramsaifs Poems, ii. 528. T need na tell you how you sud behave. But a' unto your glegger wisdom leave. Ross's Hclenore, p. 41. For he's a man weel vers'd in a' the laws, Kens baith their outs an' ins, their cracks and flaws ; An' ay vi^tglcg, whan things are out o' jointj At settlin' o' a nice or kittle point. ■•» Fergiisson's Poems, ii. 5. 7. Eager, keen ; conjoined with the idea of avarice. Wha creeps beneath a load of care, , ; When interest points he's gleg and gare, And will at naithing stop or stand, That reeks him out a helping hand. Ramsajj's Poems, ii. 441. The Isl. term appears to have been primarily ap- plied to vision ; as the v. glogg.va, videre, is formed from it; and its root seems to be Su.G. Da.n. glo, attcntis oculis videre. Sibb. by mistake views this word as a provincial corr. of glad, glid, smooth. I have met with no vestige of this word in A. S., O. E. or Provinc. E. Glegly, adv. 1. Expeditiously, S. Some fock, like bees, hV gleglj/ rin. To bikes bang'd fu' o' strife and din. Fergiisson's Poems, ii. 105, 3 S G L E -. Attentively, S. To this aiild Colin gligly 'ga" to ''^rk. Ross's llclenoie, p. 126- GLEG, s. A gad-fly. V. Clkg. To GLEY, Glye, v. n. i. To squint to look, obliquely, S. G!y, Lincolns. ; gly, gh'Cy A. Bor. ; sit/lie, synon. 2. Metaph. to overlook. '' There's a time togli/e, and a time to look even ;" S. ProT. There is a time when a man must over. )ook things, which at another time he would take notice of." Kelly, p. 339. Hence, Gley, s. a squint look, S. shl/j, synon. Glky'd, Gleid, Glyd, J>art. pa. 1. Squint- eyed, S. Amant; Solheroiin full besyly he past; — Spjaiid full fast, qiihar his awaill suld be; And couth wejll luk and wynk. with the ta c. Sum scornyt him, sum gleid carll cald him thar. IVuUace, vi. 4G(3. .MS.— i. 211. Ritson has glecJ, S. Song*. " Saw you that, and shot not at it, and you so gli/'J 3. gunner ?" S. I'rov. " A reprimand to raed- dlinij boys, that take up things that they have no- thing to ilo with." Kelly, p. 294. Skinner derives ^/y, without any congruity, from A. S. glozv-an, Iklg. gloy-ciu ignescere, candescerc. Our word, according to Sibb., is '' perhaps from Tent. ^;'ocrc«, limis oculis aspicere, quasi ^/o-ej/V/." But it is certainty more nearly allied to Isl. gioe., glocilt, lippio, lippe pro^^pccto, to be sand-blind, pur. blind; ^^/(/«, lippitudo oculorum. This seems the ori- gin of i.'t:ut. gloer-eti. \s glent to shine, in a secon. .dary sense signifies, to squint ; glcij might be viewed as lariically from lsl.^//-a splenderc. Yotglcijing seems primarily to denote the act of looking askance, q. darting a glance of the eye on any object obliquely. 2. Oblique, not direct; used in a general sense. Tltit wa's gleyd, that wall stands obliquely, S. In this sense it might seem allied to Isl. ut standa gleid, disfensis stare criiribus ; glid-na, distorqueri. A. Bor. gleet, a-glea, signifies, crooked. To Gledge, v. n. To look asquint suddenly, Fife. GLEID, Glede, s. 1. a burning coal, S. — With eighen hoiked full holle, That glocd as i\w glede s. AV glowed as a glede, the gostc there ho glides. Sir Gaisan and Sir Gal. i. 0. 10. Tharc staodis ane yie, wyth reky stanys as gledis, Vpstreking hie betuix the coist Sicille. Dong. Virgil, 257. 5. Fumantibus ardua saxis, Virg. This is evidently the jirimary sense; A. S. gled, Tout. Sii.G.^/rxV, Germ, glut', prnna. C. B. glo, id. from Su.G. Isl. glo-a, spkiidere, scintillare; A. '^ . gloTs.an, Te\it.gloj/en,glocd.cn, ignescere, can- descerc. 3. A strong or bright fire. Allace, scho said, in warld that I was ivrocht! Gilfall this payneon myself mycht be brocht ! 1 haiJl seruit to be brynt in a ghid. lV st. 6. i. c. a horse that was lamed by falling over a precipice. Pan his ^^cer glyde was sac mischiev'd, He'd neither ca' nor drive, The lyart lad, iv»' years sair dwang'd. The tiaitor thi'ef did leave. Pocmt- in the Buchan Dialect, p. 8. Sibb. derives this from A.. S. gilte, castratns. But if we suppose the denomination to be given fr.om the quality, it may be allied to Su.G. Isl. g'nt-a, perde- CLE re ; if on a more general ground, to Isl. glaJ-r, eqinis ((radarius. GLEIS, s. Splendour, Tliir goddcssts arrayt in this fine ways, — Afore this prince fell down upon thair kueis, — Quhair he rejoyced in his heavenly ^/eeV. fertile and (l/cc. Eves green, i. 36. st. 10 IsX.glis, nitor, Genu, gfciss-cn, fiilgere. A. Bor. jf/i'v/i, to ijlitter or shine. To GLEIT, Glett, v. n. l. To shine, to glitter. Sum ciinipanyis, with speris, lance and targe, M'alkis wachund in rewis and narow slrefis, Arrayitbattallis, withdrawin swerdis that gleti.t. Doug. Virgil, 50. 18. Yit I now deny now, That all is gold iha.t glri/s. Cherrie and Slae, st. 92. Or Phebus' hemes did gUit aganes the West, I rais, and saw the feildis fair and gay. Muitlaml Poems, p. 260. 2. It is used raetaph. to denote the polish given to language. Yonc arc the folks that corafortis cuerie spreit, Be fine dclite and dite angelicall, Causand gros leid all of inaist gudncss gleit. Pdlice of Honour, ii. 8. i. e. " making rude language to shine with the greatest polish." Teut. glocd-cn, ignescere, candcscere ; l^\.g!oed-a, prunas succcndere, whence gUtt-a, fulgere. Su.G. glatt, splendidus. This is evidently from the same fountain with GUid, s. OLE-MEN, s.pL Minstrel. V. Gle. GLENDER-GANE, adj. A term applied to one who is in a declining state of health, in bad circumstances as to his worldly aiTairs, or who has fallen into immoral habits. In a similar sense gkniier-gear is used; Perths. Loth. The idea is probably borrowed from glanders, S. morterthecn, a disease of horses which is generally considered as incurable. GLENGORE, Glengour, Gravdgore, s. Lues Venerea. So mony glengour markis Within this land was nevir hard nor senc. Dunbar, Bcmnati/ne Poems, p. 42. st. 4. *' That all manner of persons, being within the freedom of this burgh, who are infected with the said contagious plague called the Grandgore, devoid, rid and pass furth of this town, and compeir upon the sands of Leifh, at 10 hours before noon, and there shall have and find boats ready to have them to the inch (Island of Inchkeith), and there to remain till God provide for their health." Order of Priv. Council, A. 1497. Arnot's Edinburgh, p. 260. Als John Makrery, the kingis fule. Gat doubill garments agane the Yule : Yit in his niaist triuniphand gloir For his rewaird gat the grandgoir. Lyndsay's IVarkis, 1592. p. 268, 269. It seems doubtful which of these is the proper form of the word. According to Arnot, it had the name grandgore, parce qu' elle ce prenoitaux ^Xnsgorgias, GLE But as Fr. gorre denotes this disease; also, the small-' pox ; It may be supposed that the epithet ^ra«(/ had been prefixed for the sake of distinction. The term, however, might originally have been an eiiuivoquc. For, as gorre also signifies pomp, gorgcomncbs, it has given birth to the phrase, Fcmmcs d la grand gorre, '• hutfiug or Haunting wenches ;" Cotgr. If ghiigore be the original form ; it may Iju, as Sibb. conjectures, q. gliindgorc. If would appear that this disgraceful dis.-ase was sometimes simply called Gor in former times. Sum diis in hydropcsic. And vthi-iis sfrauge infirmiteis, Qiihairin luony aiie thousand dcis : Quhilk humane nature doi^ abhor, As in the Gut, Crauell and Gur. Lyndsuy's Warkis, 1592. p. 147. To GLENT, Glint, v. n. i. To glance, to gleam, S. Phoebus well pleas'd, chines from the blue serene, Glcnts on the stream, and gilds the chequer'd green, Ramsay's Poems, i, 126. O'er laiig frae thee the Muse has been, Sae frisky on the Simmer's green. Whan llowers and gowans wont to glent In bonny blinks upo' the bent. Fergttsson's Poems, ii, 92, The rising sun owre Galston muirs, Wi' glorious light tf as glintin; The hares were hirplin down the furs, The lav'rocks they were chantin. Burns, iii, 28. 2, To pass suddenly; applied to a gleam of light, a a flash oflightning, or any thingthat resembles it, S. Ae fire-tlaught darted through the rain, Whare a' was mirk before. And glinted o'er the raging main. — Minstrelsy Border, iii, 338. How slow ye move, yc heavy hours, The joyless day how dreary : It was na sae, ye glinted by. When I was wi' ray dearie. Burns, iv. 17S. It signifies, glided, in an 0. E. Poem, Harl. Ms. In at the gape \xc glent, By the medyll he was hent. The Pryorys, J ainieson'' s Popular Ball. i. 261. " To glent, to start aside;" Clav. Yorks. Dial 3, To peep out, as a flower from the bud, S. Cauld blew the bitter-biting north Upon thy early, humble, birth; Yet cheerfully thou glinted forth Amid the storm. Scarce rear'd above the parent earth Thy tender form. Burns, iii. 202, 4, To squint, " denting, squinting," Gl- S lirr. " leering," Gl. Sibb, ; to look, askew. A, Bor. Then he brought his right leg foremost, As he had been to make a sore thrust; Glinting and squinting with his eyes. Cleland'' Poetni, p, 97. It may, however, signify, looking askance. Glent, Glint, s. i, A glance, a glimose. a 3 S 2 G L I transient view, S. / got but a glint of him, I had only a transient view of him, S. --Where was an opening near the hou, Throw whilk he saw uglcnt of light. Ramsai/'s Pocirn', ii. 523. 2. A flash ; as a glint of lightning, S. 3. A moment ; used as blini, gl'Jfin, S. In a ghnt, ox gUn:, in a moment, immediately. — By my ;;iiriS I strove to set them rishf ; S\ ne in u gknt tlicy were out of my sight. Ros!.\-i ILhitorc, p. 94. The bonny hairn they in tlie hurry tint; Our fouks came up and fand her in a qlrnt. Ibiil.'p 127. The most natural origin is Tout, giants-, splendor, fulgor, jubar; glants-cn, splendere, fulgore. It iiiust be acknowledged, however, that in sense 1. it has a great resemblance to Su.G. glacnt, glint ; doer- en fiau pati glacnt, the door is a jar; from Isl. ir/rn-a^ghnt-a, pandere, divaricare; G. Andr. p. 92. To GLEUIN, -J. n. To glow. Haboundit siiiokkis dirk, Witli huge sope of riik and fhimbis myrk, So tliat the caue did gleuin of the hete. Doug, yirgil, 250. b. 14. V. Gliffin, v. To GLEW, V. a. To make merry. Thy tresour have thai falsly fra the tane ; — For think. Thai never cum the for to glezs. King Hart, ii. 18. A.S. gleozs-ian, jocari. Gi-Ew, .f. Sport. V. Gle. GLIB-GARBET, atij. Having a glib tongue, S. — An' thaX glib-gabbf I Highland Baron, The laird o' Graham. Burns, iii. 22. CLID, ailj. Slippery. V. Glad. To GLIFF, Gloff, Gluff, v. n. To be seized with sudden fear. It seems to be more gene, rally used impers. It glift him. Loth. Border, gli{ft, id. Caith. That doh-fu' day, in whilk the lift Sent down sic show'rs of snaw and drift. To smuir his sheep — lie was sac gUj't, He ran wi' speed To save their lives — ah ! dreadfu' shift, It was his dead. licrtcickiliire Poems, p. 11. *' I'm seer you woii'd liao laughin sair, gin ye had seen how the auld haiglql/'cd fan she fell down after I gat out oner her." .loiiiii;il fidui Jjondou, p. ■}. 5. 2. To take fright, to be seized with a panic, S. B, As she was riding on a wiiidk'-strae, Ihc ca.r\ins gluj' d air^ cry'd out, Will.awae. iio.n'.v llcleiwrc p. 04. ^g^iJU O. E. nitist be viewed as radically the same. 'Vhc Ijoiulriis wer in speyr, Jlim for thar kyng irpljft, his name was kaJd For William ll»ei ww oglift, & said, ne dar. " For slayn is kyng HaraJd, Si in loud non he "■ Bot of William hald for homage d feaute." R. liranne, d. 72. That may Tcut. glipp-cn, fu. ;jt.we| transfugere clauculum. G L I Or shall wc view it as allied to Belg. glui/p.en, to sneak, to snudge ; or to onr gloppc, as this denotes the falling of the countenance, in consequence oi fear or sorrow. But V. Gliffin. Gi.iff, Gloff, Gluff, s. i. A panic, a sudden fear. Loth, gliff', id. A. Bor. " There came never sic 3. gtiff to a daw's heart." S. Prov. Ramsay, p. 72. Glvjj', Kelly, p. 337, 3S8. 2. " The shock, felt in plunging into water;" Gl. Ross. S. B. Flaught.brcd into the pool mysell I keest. Weening to keep his head aboon at least: But e'er I wist, I clean was at the float, I sanna tell yow, what a gloff I got. Rom's Heknore, p. 42. 3. Glow, uneasy sensation of heat, producing faintishness, Ang. Germ, glutb, id. GLIFF, s. A glimpse, a transient view, S. GUffe, a sudden sight of any thing by chance ; Clav. Yorks. Dial. Chesh. id. V. following v/ord. To GLIFFIN, -J, n. To open the ej'es at intervals, in awaking from a disturbed sleep or slumber. The King then wjnkyt a litill wcy ; And slepyt nocht full encrely ; Bat gliff'n.^t up oft sodanly. For he had dreid oft' thai thre men, That at the tothyr fyr war then. Barbour, vii. 184. IMS. Instead of glissni/ij Pink. edit. It is gliffn^t also in edit. 1(;20. Tliis may bo allied to Teuf. giuj/p-en, iusidiarl, observare. But it seems more probable that this word, as well as gliff, v. and .f. as aJl conveying the idea of something sudden or transitory, are derivedi from some Goth. v. signifying to shine, as Sn.G.^/o, znc. gli. a; especially as gleuin, which is ijearly aU lied, signifies to glow. As g! /Jin is equivalent to glance, it is to-be ob» served that most of the terras which respect the mo. tion of the eyes seem borrowed from the action of light. Thus blink, to wink, is from Dan. hlink~er,. which signifies both to wink aiwl to shine. We maj' observe thi-i analogy in Glimmer, Gli;nt,Giiss,i''s E. M. R. iii. 70. GLISTER, J. Lustre, glitter. " Thegliiter of the profcit, that was jugeit heirof to have insewit to Scottis men, at the first sicht fclindit miniy menis eyis." Knox, p. 110. Hu.G.glistra, scintilla, Tcut. gliiifier, iil. gli/ister- eii, gli.yttr-en, scintillare, fulgere. Although ^//jVer be used in E. as a v., 1 have not obtcrvcd that it oc- curs as a s. GLIl', s. 1. Tough phlegm, that especially which gathers in the stomach when it is foul, S. 2. A slimy substance in the beds of rivers, S. This Is nearly allied to [•].g/ce(, imjirojif rly deriv- ed by Johns, from A. S. glidan, to glide. Both ■words certainly have a common origin; Is!, glut, ^i'(/t~;.tf, humor, liquor : Landnam. Gl. p. 41 1. Hu- mor vel vapor pcrlucidus; G. Andr. p. 91. This he derives (com gtaer, glaet/, vitreus. Perhaps Lat. glis, glitis-, humus teuax, is from the same origin. GLOAMIN, Gloming, s. Fall of evening, twi- light, S. gloming, A. Bor. This is- some- times called the edge of the e'entiing, S. B. The gloming comes, the day is spent, The sun goes out of sight. And painted is the Occident With purpour sanguine bright. yl. Hume, Chroii. S. P. iii. 390. A. ^. glotnmung, glumung, id. In A. S. this word ivas applied to the dawn as well as to the twilight ; morgen-glommung, crejiuscuhim matutiuum. w'ft:ii~glominiing, crepusciilum vesper, tinum. Wachter, .nicutiotiiog the A. S. word, views it as deriredfrom 'i'eut. glimm.cn, to glimmer, to shine fainily. As Germ g/um signilies turbid, lie thinks that tjhere has been a transition from the idea of ob- scuriry to that of muddiness, because of the natural resL'mbiauce. GLOAMiN-SHOT, J. A twilight interview, S. G L O " I once more roved out yesterday for a. gloamin. shot at the muses ; when the muse that presides o'er the shores of Nith, or rather my old inspiring dearest nymph, Coila, whispered me the following." ' Burns's Works, iv. N° 36. The idea seems borrowed from one taking a stolen shot at game in the dusk of the evening, when less in danger of being detected. To GLOCK, v. a. To gulp, to swallow any li- quid in large draughts ; as including the idea of the sound made by the throat, Ang. wacht, synon. This seems radically the same with Tent, kloch.en, sonitum rcddere, qualem angusti oris vasculum solet; Su.G. klunk-a, Dan. glunk-a. According to this analogy, our clunk must be a cognate to glock. G a.el. glug, the motion and noise of water coiifined in a vessel ; Shaw. Glock, s, A gulp, Ang. lijacht, synon. GLOFF, s. A sudden fright, S. V. Gliff. GLOG, aJj. Slow ; used in composition, as glog- rinnin water, a river or stream that runs slov/ly,' a dead and dark body of water, Perths. Perhaps q. ghe-li/gg, from Fris. liiggh-en, ignave ct segnitcr agcrc. Gael, glvg, liowever, is expl. a soft lump, and ^//(Tfa;-, slowness ; Shaw. The latter is perhaps radically the same with Isl. Hock, kluuk, mollis, non firmus; Vercl. GLOY, ,f. Straw. " In the North of Scotland they stripe off the withered blades from the straw, and this they call gloy, with which they thatch houses or make ropes j" Rudd. The chymmis calendare, Quhais ruffis laithly ful ronch thekit war Wyth stra or gloy by Romulus the wycbt. Doug. Jirgd, 267. 3. Culmus, Virg.. Fr. gtuj/, straw ; Fland. IIoll. gluye, ghcluye, fas- cis stramontorum, stramen arundinaceum. I suspect that Teut. ilije, ilcije, Su.G. Hi, Franc, clittva, Cicrni. klej/, klcw, furfur, bran, aie radically tiie same with gtoy. Hence, To Gloy, "u. a. To give grain a rouglj thrash- ing. Loth. ; now almost obsolete. GLOIS, s. A blaxe. V. Glose. To GLOIT, -v. n. \. To work with the hands in something liquid, miry, or viscous, Ang. 2. To do any thing in a dirty and aukward man- ner, Ang. This word has evidently been borrowed from fish- ers. Wo find it used in a more primitive sense, in Sw. gioel-a cf/erjisktir, to grope for fish: gloct-a efter aal, turbare aquam, to brogue for eels; Seren. vo. Grope, Brogue. V. Gli;»d£r. Gi.oiTTRr. V. Gludderie. GLONDERS, s. pi. In tie glanders, in a state of ill-humour, to be pouting, to have a frowning look. I am informed that the phrase is some- times used in this sense. Loth. "The Quein, with quliome the said Erie [Both- well] was than in {\w glondcrs, iironieisit favours in .t11 his lawfull suitis 'o wcmpii. git" he wald deliver the said Mr George [Wisrhcart] to be keipit in the castel! of Ediiiburghe." Kno«, p. 50. G L This U the word used in both MSS. Lond. edit, p. 55. i;lunders. 1 have observed no similar word, unless we should suppose this to be a corr. of Is!, glamoegdcr, qui aspcclu est tcrribilis; Vcrol. To GT.OPPE, Glofpen, v. «. Perhaps to pout, to let the countenance fall, as when one is about to cry or weep. Hit jaulis, iiit yamcrs, with waymjng wete, And seid, «ith iikiiig sare, '« 1 ban the body me bare! " AIa< now kindclcs niy care! " ^gf'TVi """l ^ grete." Then g/oppciiet, and grete, Gaynoiir the gay. Sir Gatvan and Sir Gal. i. 7. 8. He folowcd in on the freke, with a fresch fare, 'I'horgh blason, and brene, that bnnicshid were britjht, With a burlich brande, thorgh him he bare: Tiie bronde uas blody, that biirncshcd was bright. Thcit g/oppcned that gay : Hit was no fi-rly, in fay. lie stroke of the sicde-hede, streite llicrc he stode. 'I'lie fuire folc fonciied, and fcl to the groiindc. I '•. in i\ i\ gloppcncd in hert, Of lie were hasty and smert. Out of his sterops lie stert. Ibid. ii. 15. 16. Gli'ppen is overlooked in Gl. Gluppe is mention, tionid interrogatively, sot .> Here it is unquestion- abl\ a V. We find a variety of terms of the same form and signification in other Northern langu.nges ; Gertn. ^/uyj-t'H, ociilos vultumque deniitterc : gliipcr, qui ncmincin erecto vultu adspiccre aiidet ; AVaclilor. Isl. glupn-W't, vultum demitterc ; gl/tip-itr, (ristis Tcl vultu nubilo, Verel. ; gliipn-a, coutrislari, dole- re, ad lacrynias bibulas efliindendiim moveri ; gli/pii- II vid., in lacryinas solvi ; G. Andr. p. 95. 93. Per- haps \iv\ti. ghijjp.cn, to snrak, to sniidge, has the same origin. The radical term may be i^ii.Q. ghip, faux, a? ill the form of the tountenance denoted by tJiis word, the chops appear fallen. liutas A. 15or.^/opy)e;;signilies, to startle; glopp'nt, frightened, Laucasli. ; and glojipen, surprise, AV'est- niorel.; glupp and g/oppcn may be equivalent to Gliff, Gi-oi'k, q. v. I'liis seems the most natural sense in last extract. GLORE, J. Glory. Yr. ^/oire, u\. Thou haldis court ouer chrislall hcuinnis clere, \\'ilh angellis, Sanctis, and heuenlyc spretis sere, That but ceissing thy glurc and louyngis syngis. Doug. Virgil, Frul. 311. 40. To Glore, v. n. To glory. Quhy glorc ye in your awin vnthriftines ? Doug, lirgil, Prul. 9G. 37. From the 5. To GLORG, 11. n. To work in some dirty- business, Ang. Glorg, s. a nasty mass or compound of any kind, Ang. Glorgie, adj. Glorgit, part. pa. Bedaubed, in consequence of being engaged in dirty work, or travelling in a miry road, Ang. CLOSE, Glois, s. 1. a blaze, S. G !. 6 C. The act of warming one's self at a quick fire, S. Till sup[)ertynie then may ye chois, Unto your garden to repois Or merelic to tak a.nc glois. Phtlot. Pink. S. P. R. iii. p. 12. Germ, glduz, li,\. glossc, tlamma; gloss-ar, corus- cat. This G. AnJr. derives from Gr. yX«v^a, splen- doo. But it is evidently of Goth, origin, either from g/o'tt, id. or from lios, lu.\, lumen, whence Ijjse, luc- co, with g prefixed. To Glose, Gloze, v. «. To blaze, to gleam. The fire is said to heglozin, when it has a bright flame. Germ, glauz-ai, to shine. V. the s. GLOSS, s. The hardnyt horss fast on the grct ost raid ; The rcrd at rayss qulien sperys in sondyr glaid) Duschyt in g/o'!f., dewyt with speris dynt. Fra forgyt stcyll the fyr flew out but stynt. lV(dlace, x. 284. MS. This passage has been much altered in editions, be- cause of i(s obscurity ; as in edit. 104S, and 1673. The rierd /hen rose when spcares in sunder glade : Dusched in drosse dtintcd with speares dint. In edit. 1753, it is changed to glass. The meaning of glo^s must be left undetermined, unless we view it as the same word now pron. Glush. q. V. It may be re^d glosch, as the contraction used in MS. frequently occurs foric/(. The meaning may thus be; " The noise that was raised, when spears were broken into shivers, blended with that of the stroke of spears, deavcd or stunned the ear." GLOTTEN, s. A thaw, S. A. Su.G. glopp, pluvia copiosa nive mixta ? To GLOUM, Gloom, v. n. To frown, to lock sour, to knit the brows, S. " Sche glonmcd both at the Messinger, and at the rcqiieist, and scarselie wald give a gude word, or blyth countenance to any that sche knew earne.st favorars of the Erie of Murray." Knox's Hist. p. 321. To he glum, Lincolns. frontem contrahere, to frown, Skinner; glonin, A. Bor. id. This seems only a secondary sense of the O. E. v. used by Spenser, and also by S. writers, as denoting the obscurity of the sky. " Storms are likely to arise in that flat air of Eng- land, which long has been glooming, that all the skill of the Archbishop's brain will have much ado to calm, before a thunderbolt break on his own pate." Bail- lie's Lett. i. 91. Lye and Johns, rather oddly refer to A. S. glo- tnung, crepusculura. A more natural cognate is Germ.^/((m, turbidus; to this corresponds Su.G. glaummig, (jui faciem subiuridam habct. Gloum, Glowme, Gloom, s. A frown. But sick a gloom on ae brow-head, Grant I ne'er see agane. Minstrelsy Border, iii. 16, " Nowe God's glozcmcs, like Boanerges, sonnes of thunder, armed with fierie furie, make heart and soule to melt." Z. Bovd's Xiast Battel!, p. 4. G L U This occurs in O. E. For Palsgraue mentions ^' glumme, a sower lokc;" Fol. 36. b. Gloming also signifies " sulky, gloomy looks ;" Gammer Gurton's Needle. V. Notes, Dodsley's Coll. XII. 378. To GLOUR, Glowr, v. n. To look, intensely or watchfully, to stare ; S. Gloar, Westmorel. id. lie girntj he gtoitrt, he gapt as he war -weid. Dunbar, Muitland Poems, p. 77. Ilcghzcris evin as he war agast, Or field for ane gaist. Lijiicha^, i>. P. R. ii. 28. V. IIabounb. Belg. g/iiiir-en, to peep, to iiccr. Teiit. gUiyer- en, to look asquint. This sense is retained in E. gloar. Isl. glor.a, lippc prospiccrc. The comiuon origin is ^ii.G. glo, attentis oculis videre. Glour, .f. A broad stare, S. A\ hat slrall 1 say of our three brigadcers, But that they are incapable of fears, Of strength prodigious, and of looks so fro. wajd. That every glour they gave would fright a coward ? Pcn)iectiik''s Poems, 1715. p. 22. To GLOUT, z: n. " To pout ;" Sir J. John Sinclair's Observ. p. S5. This seems S. B. Canit bccorr. from Gloppe? q. t. GLU, s. A glove, S. B. G/aw, Wynt. — Ilawand thare-on of gold a crowne, Aud gluzci/s on hys handis twa. IFijiitozcn, vii. 8. 443. Goth, gloa, Isl. glofe, anc. Huff, id. This G. Andr. derives from klt/fx^a, to cleave, because of tlie division of the fingers. To GLUDDER, {^roT\. ghther) v. n. Thirsyllic freyrs with wyfis wcil caa gluchlcr ; And tell tharac tales, and haiie mennis lyvis. Richt wounder weil thai pleisit all the wyvis. Dunbar, Maitlaiul Pocius, \i. 66. This !Mr Pink, renders, to chat. But the sense in which it is no'.v used, is to do any dirty work, or any work in a dirty manner; S. B. V. Gloit. Here it seems (o signify, to earry on in a facetious, but low and cajoling, stile. 1 cannot think that it has any afhnity to Isl. glott, species sarcasnii, j/o/ie, subrideo ; 01. Lex. Run. Gluddlry, Gloittry, adj. That kind of work is thus denominated, which is not only wet,, but unctuous or slippery to the touch.. Thus the work of tanning kather would receive this de- signation, S. B. Alem. glidir, lubricura, Schilter. A. S. glid. To GLUFF, V. n. V. Guff. GLUGGERY, adj. Flabby, flaccid ; applied to young and soft animal food, as veal, Ang. To GLIJNSH, 1). n. To look sour, to pout, S, But when ane's of his merit conscious, He's in the wrang, when prais'd, \.\\sX glan^hes.^ Ramsay's Poems, ii. 361. Does ony great man ghimh an' gloom ? Speak out, an' never fash your thumb. Burns, iii. 20. This niav have the same origin with gloum ; if siot alLcJ to Ibl. glanska, cavillatio. G N A Gluksh, s. a frown, a look expressing displea- sure or prohibition, S. May gravels round his blather wrench, AVha twists his gruntle wi' a,glunch O' sour disdain ! Burns, iii. 17. V. Gruntle. Glunschoch, s. a sour fellow, one who has a morose look. Glowrand, gapeand fule, thou art begyld ; Thou art but Glunschoch with the giltitiiiiJis, That for thy lounrie raouy a leisch has fyld. Dunbar, Evergreen, ii. 53. st. 7. To GLUNT, ■y. n. To emit sparks, Ang. Irund, synon. V. Glent. GLUPE, s. A great chasm or cavern, Caithn. " Near the top of the rock, and on that which faces the Orkneys, there is a vast gulph or cavern (called by the neighbouring inhabitants, the Glnpe) stretching all around perpendicularly down, till its dusky bottom comes on a level with the sea, with w hose waves it holds communication, by an open- ing at the base of the intervening rock." P. Canis- bay. Statist. Ace. viii. 150. V. also p. 165. This may be merely a corruption of E. gulf, Tout. golpe, vortex, vorago. It seems, however, nearly allied to Isl. gliiif-r, fluniinum inter montium et rupium confragosa et praecipitia decursus, vel ipse hiatus, per quem precipitantur flumina ; Verel. Ind. GLUSH, J. Any thing in the state of a pulp ; particularly applied to snow, when beginning to melt, S. GLUTTRE', s. Gluttony. In their brawnys sone slaid the sleuthfuU sleip. Throuch full gluttri in swarff swappyt lik swyn ; Thar chyftaync than was gret Bachus off wyn, Wallace, vii. 350. MS. To GNAP, V. n. To chirp as a grashopper. The grcbhoppers amangis the vergers gnappit. Palicc of Honour, Prol. st. 5. Teut. tnapP'Cn, crepitare ; Su.G. gny, susurrus; Germ, iny, mutirc. To GNAP, 11. a. To eat, S. B. V. Gnyp. Gnap, /. A bite, a mouthful, S. B. 1 was sent to them with their small disjune : And when I saw their piece was but a gnap. Thought with mysell of mending their mishap. Ross's Ilelcnorc, p. 69. ' G^PCPmG,part.pr. She pleads a promise, and 'tis very true ; But he had naithing but a jamphing view : But she in gnaping earnest taks it a'. Ross's Ilclenore, p. 90. The term is perhaps used raetaph., from the eager, ness of a hungry person in eating. To GNAP, ■y. n.. " To attempt ;'" Gl. Shirr. S. B. But keep, me frac your travcl'd' birds, Wha only ken to gnap at words, And that P stands for pye. Shirrefs' Poems, p. 203. GNARR,J. A hard knot in wood, S. Chaucer, id. Teut. l/wrre, tuber, nodus. "Wachter views this G N £ G O A a< formed from f^iioll, tuber, by a change common with (lie (iormans, of/ into r. ToGNAT, w. rt. l. To gnaw, Ang. 2. To gnash, to grind tlie teeth, Ang. This, notwillislaiidiiig the dillermcc of tcrmiiia- tioti, may be from the same root with the other Northern terms used in the same sense ; A.^. ffiiag. nil, Su.(;. f;niig.a, Isl. itiig-a, Aleiii. chneg-aii, Uel:;. gna^h-vn, kiiagh.en, tJcrni. 7tcig.cn. Isl. Icni//- II, however, sinnilies to jiliirk, vellico, (i. Andr. and gnoid-cr \* nearly allied to the word iu sense 2, Slridel, [>ti;t. giuiilde. Gnat, s. A bite, a snap, Ang. GNIB, a({/. Ready, quick, clever in motion or action, S. B. synon. g/il>. Says agtiib elf; As an auld carl was sitting Amoiii; his ba^s, and loosing ilka knitting, To air his rousty coin, 1 loot a claiiglif, And took a hundred dollars at a fraui;ht. il'ov.s'.v JlchllOIT, p. ()i. V. liAUGIIT, s. An' «i' mischief he was sac _f /i/i To qet his ill intent, lie howk'd the ^oud which he himscll Had yerdcd in his tent. Pociiis ill the thahun Dialect, p. 7. It is often used iu a similar sense, to denote too much dexterity in laying hold of the property of another, F,. ligktjingii cU. Sii.G. ;t«fl;)^)c corresponds in signification, citus, Tclox. llcuce knapphaundig, qni manu promtus est ; tnupp-a, tenaceui esse ; Dan. Litibc, arete tc- ■ere, sivc prehendere. To GNIDGE, ti. a. 1. To press, to squeeze, S. One is said to gnidgc another, when he presses him down with his knees, S. B. An' Aeacus my gutcher was, Wha now in hell sits jidge, \\ hare a fun-stane does Sisyphus Down to the yerd sair gnidge. Vocms in the Uuchaii Dialect, p. 4. Fuii.sianc, whin-stonc. V. Qihin. This seems to be a very ancient word. Sibb. de. rives it from K. kiirud. Hut although this may be from the same roof, there arc many other terms more nearly allied : Su.Cr. knog.a, to strive with fists and knees; Isl. hno<:.a, knns.a, to thrust, to push ; Teut. liiuds.cn, to beat, to knock ; Belg. inulfch.ev, id. Isl. A/i^-a. knij-a, trudcre. 2. To gnutige aff, to rub off, to peel by rubbing, S. B. With beetles we're sot to the drubbing o't, And then frac our fingers to gniJgc (iff the hide, With the wearisome wark of the rubbing o't. Song, lioss^s IJilciKJic, p. 135. Sw. gnid-a to rub ; Seren. gnugga, id. AVidcg. V. KNi;^r. GNEIGIE, afl/. Sharp-witted, Moray. Auld farrau and giicigic was he, ay, As travelt folk arc wont to be. JnH)i',s()/('j I'opul. finll. i. 302. Apparently the same with K\ack\, q. v. To GNYP.'GNir, Gnap, 77. a. i. To crop, to gnaw. Here first I saw, apoun the plesand grenc, Ane fafail takiu, four hors quhite as snavV, Gni/ijiaiiJ grcii^h the larg;; fcildis on raw. Duug. (Irgil, 86, 30. Hir feirs steid stude stamping roddy ellis, Gnijppand the fomy goldin bit gingling. Ibid. 104. 27. Rudd. derives tliis from A.S. ^«j/;)/J-a« striderc But there is no such word; it is gn-yrr-an. Sibb. refers to Teut. knabbel-cn, morsitare, frendere. But il is more nearly allied to knapp-cn, mandere, Germ. kiiciff-en, kncipp-cn, veliere, vellicare ; Isl. iiii/p.a, Tcllerc, secarc ; Su.G. knacpp-n, frangere. Hence probably E. nip, as applied to the action of the teeth in browsing. 2. To eat, S. B. Hence, says Rudd. " Gnipper and gnappei; i. e. every bit of it, or bit after bit;" S. B. Rudd. V. Gnipfer. 3. It occurs, as would seem, in the sense of S. huip, a term used to denote the affectation ot speaking with a high accent. But keep me frae your trarell'd birds, AV'ha never auce dree'd Fortune's dirds, And oi\lv ken to g/iap at words. ,S7»V;-e/,>' rocin.s; p. 293. " attempt," Gl. GNIPPER FOR GNOPPER, an alliterative phrase used to express the sound made by a miln in grinding grain. They com it him then info th« hopper. And brook his banes gnipper for gnopper. Allan o' Blaiif, Jamieson's Pup. Uall. ii. 237. Su.G. knacpp.a, Bclg. iiuipp-en, to knap, to crack ; or, from G>ii/p, v. V. sense 2. GOADLOUP, s. The gantelope, " a military punishment, in which the criminal, running between the ranks, receives a lash from each man." " Because I refused, they threatened in their anger, that whosoever gave me a drink of water should get the goailluiip.'^ Wodrovv's Hist. I. Ap- pend, p. 102. Johns, refers to Be]g. gantelope. But I can find no such word. The orthography of the S. word di. reefs us to the etymon. Both it and the E. term seem corrupted from Sw. gatalopp, gatlopp, which Hire derives from gata, a street, a way, also used to denote a double rank of men, who, a space being left iu the middle, form a sort of hedge and loep-a to run, because the person condemned has to run between them. Vt. ha/e, a hedge, is also used for a double row of soldiers. V. Diet. Trcv. The gantelope is in Germ, called spiss-rute, from spiii a company of soldiers, or spiss.en pun- gere, and rttte a rod. GOAN, J. A wooden dish for meat ; Loth. On whomelt tubs lay twa lang dails, On them stood mony a guan. Ram.sni)'s Poems, i. 267. Apparently the same with A. Bor. gun, a flaggon for ale ; gawn, goun, Chesh. a gallon, by confr. of the latter term ; Hay. This perhaps is the true ori- gin of S. ganlree, A. Bor. gaun-tree, a beer-stand. GOARE, s. A hurt, a -wound. GOD '■' A man hath a goare in his legge : which legge, HlUlje.it, in an hudge ;Ugree festered ; yet walkcth and inoovcdi," iS-c. Forbes's Eiibuliis, p. 152. Jividenlly formed from the E. v. to gore, the ori- gin of which is uncertain. GOAT, s. A narrow cavern or inlet, into which the sea enters, Ang. Isl. giootu, caverna terrae, sen cistcrna sine aquis; G. Anrir. p. 89. [ know not, \^ gat, foramen, from gatit, perfurare, be alliid. V. CJot. GOAT-CHAFFER, s. The Cerambyx aedilis, Linn. " Capricornus, the Goat.chajjfer, Sibb. Scot. p. 31. To GOAVE, V. n. V. Goif. CJOB, s. The mouth. And quhair tliair gobbis wer ungeird, Thay gat upon the gamniis. Chr. Kirk, st. 20. i. e. their mouths being defenceless ; an allusion to those who being armed with warlike g't//-, or with a helmet defending the whole head, are in the heat of action de|)rived of that |)art which protects the face. 2. The stomach, S. gchbie. This word occurs iMaitland Poems, p. 333. V. Gab, G r.imiE. GOBICH, s. A name apparently given by cor- ruption, to the gohy. " 1 cannot here omit mentioning an uncommon kind of fish called ^o6/t7j, that made its appearance on this coast about 3 years ago ; they darted to the shore w ith the greatest violence, so that the peo- ple took them alive in large quantities. The body of this fish was long, and its head resembled that of a serpent ; its weight never exceeded 3 or 4 ounces." r. Kilmuir, W. Ross, Statist. Ace. xii. 270. From the description it might seem to be the Pipe, iish misnamed. GOCKMIN, CoKMAN, s. A centinel. " They had a constant centinel on the top of their houses, called Gockmin, or in the E. tongue, Cock. man, who is obliged to watch day and night, and at the ap))roach of any bod}', to ask, IVIio comes there?" Martin's West. Isl. p. 103. V. also p. 91. It is written Gokman, more properly ; P. Harris (Island) Statist. Ace. x. 37. This name has most probably been left by the Norwegian possessors of these isles. Cockman is merely a corruption of Gokman. It is perhaps allied to Germ, guck-en, Su.G. kox. a, Isl. giaeg-uit, iutentis oculis videre, S. to keek, <). speculator ; although adopted into Gael. For Shaw renders gochdmun " a watchman." GODBAIRNE, s. Godchild, the child for whom a person stands sponsor in baptism ; ac- cording to the ritual of the church of Rome, retained in this instance by some Protestant churches. Bot quhat sail be my Godbairne gift ? Lj/ndsaii, S. P. R. ii. 11!. i. e. the gift conferred by the sponsor. A. S. god- beam Sw. gild-barn, puer lustricus. V. Gossop. To GOGGE, V. a. To blind, to blindfold. "' Glad was he to gogge the worlds eyes with the G O 1 distinctions : of vsurie he made a byting & a tooth, lesse : lyes he diiii-ded in oflicious and pernicious." /.. boyd's Last Battell, p. 1208. Goggles, s. pi. Blinds for horses that are apt to take fright, to prevent their seeing objects from behind, S. The E. V. goggle, to look asquint, according to Jnnins, is from Lat. coclef:, having one eye only. Se- ren. derives it from ls\.gag.r, prominens. Perhaps, the^. is ratherfrom Mem. gougul.are,'Wvii. guychel. en to jugglB, praestigiis fallere. GOE, Geu, s. a creek. "• The names of the different creeks, (in the pro- Tincial dialects, gees) are numberless,— as Whale. goe,—Redgoe,—Rai'e?igoe,—Todsgoe, or the shel. ter of foxes, &c." Wick, Caithn. Statist. Ace. x. 2, N. " Guiodin is a rocky creek, situated near the farm of Kerbuster. The name is supposed to mean the geu or creek of Odin." Neili's Tour, p. 25. In Orkney, a creek or chasm in the shore is call, ed geow. Whether this be radically the same with Geo, q. T. is uncertain. To GOIF, GouE, Gove, Goave, Goup, v. i. To stare, to gaze, to look with a roving eye, S. Gaiv-ve, to stare, Clav. Yorks. Dial. His face he srliew besmottrit for ane bourde, And all his membris in mude and dung bedoyf, That leuch that rial! prince on him to goif. Doug, f'irgil, ISO. 32. Thus in a stair quhy standis thow stupifak, Guuand all day, and nathing hes vcsite ? Palice of Honour, iii. 20. But lang ril^ore and bleer my ee, Before alace ! that sight I see. Ramsai/'s Poems, ii. 399. Goup is used in this sense, Ang. As they're sae cracking, a' the house thrangs out, Gouping and gazing at the new come rout. Ross's Helenore, p. 97. 98. 2. To examine, to investigate. Sic way he wrocht, that quhay thare tred lyst Na taikynnis suld conuoy thame to his coif. Doug. Virgil, 248. 26. Quaerenti, Virg. 3. It is frequently used as signifying, " to look broad and stedfastly, holding up the face." Shirr. Gl. pron. gave, also goup, S. B. How he star'd and stammer'd, When goavan, as if led wi' branks, An' stumpan' on his ploughman shanks^ He in the parlour hammer'd. Burns, i. 139. Espl. " walking stupidly." But this does not convey the meaning. Some glowr'd this way, some that about, Some ^o(//j'(/ in air. Shirrefs' Poems, p. 220. Gauve, Northamb. spoken " of persons that un- handsomely gaze or look about them ;" Ray. 4. It sometimes signifies not only to throw up the head, but to toss it from side to side. Thus cattle are said to gave., when startled, S. Germ, gaff.en, adspectare, is'iT, g'tjp-aavide ifttiio- 3 T c; o L ri, Bt\g. gaap-en ill. h\. gap.u hiare, also circiim- spicere, evplained by the synonymous |)hrase gnpa orh koxa; Verel. V. Goi-K. Isl. goon-a 5cems fo have the same origin. It conveys the Tulsar idea attached to goij, of looking uinvards ; Prominent prospi-cto, vcluti qui nubos suspicit ; goun-r, prospectatioiu altuiu suspcctantis, G. Andr. p. 94. Goni, inepte ct stulte intiicor, Gunnlaiig. S. Gl. According to Wachtcr, Germ. ^rt^-r'«, as signifying to stare, must be traced to the idea of gap- ing ; because those who eagerly view any object, do it with open mouth. But the general root is cer- tainly Isl.^<<«f, prospicerc, attendere. GOLACH, s, 1. The generic name for a beetle, Ang. ^ black golach, a black clock ; a horned golach, an eai-wig, Forficula auricularis, Linn. 2. The earwig. Loth., also called a coachhell. Gael. forchar-goUach, an earwig. GoUach is said to signify forked. Sw. klocka also denotes an earwig; Seren. vo. har. GO-LAIGH, Go-LAIGHIE, j-. A term prima- rily applied to a low, short-legged hen ; and se- condarily, to a woman of a similar shape, S. B. From the v. go, and laigh low. GOLDING, J. A species of wild fowl. " They discharge any persons whatsomever, with- in this realme in any wyse to sell or buy Atteil- Ics, Goldings, Mortyras." Acts Ja. VL IGOO. c. 23. This is erroneously rendered Gordons, Skene, Crimes, Tit. iii. c. 3. § 9. GOLDSPINK, s. The Goldfinch, S. ; (pron. goudspuii s) Fringilla carduelis, Linn. The mirthful maueis maid greit melodic. The gay gnldspink, the merll richt meriiic. Li/ndsaj/'s IVnrkh, Prol. p. 3. 1392. The goudypink, music's gayest child. Shall sweetly join the choir. Uiirns, iii. 357. Tout, goiid-vinche, id. The nanic golspinh, is in Faun. Slice, given to the Yellow-hammer. V. Penn. 7.oo\. p. 'i'ib. GOLF, GorF, Gour, s. i. A common game in Scotland, in which clubs are used, for strik- ing balls, stuffed very hard with feathers, from one hole to another. He, who drives his ball into the hole with fewest strokes, is the winner. " That the futball and golf be vtterly cryit downe, and not to be vsit." Ja. IL 1457. c. 71. Edit. 15Cf). c. 65. Murray. Skinner, from this prohibition, seems to have adopted a very unfavourable idea of this amusement. As Lat. colaphus a blow, is the only etymon he men. tions, he viewed it perhaps as something allied to boxing. Certe, he says, ludus hujnsmoJi nierito interdictus fuit : tiitius aulem est i:viiorantiam fateri. But the only reason of the interdiction was, that the attention given to these games prevented the re- gular practise of archery, and caused the neglect of weaponsrhawing, which were necessary for training men for the defence of their country. " That in na place of the realme thair be vsit fuUbillis, golf, or vthcr sic vnprofifahill uportisfor the coiinnoun gudc of the realme anddc G O L fensc thairof. And at bowis and schuting be "hantit. ^Acts Ja. IV. 1491. c. 53. Edit. 1566. c. 32. Murray. "The^-o//"," says Mr Pinkerton, " an excellent game has supplanted the foot-ball. The etymolo. gy of this word has never yet been given : it is not from Golf, Isl. pavimcntum, because it is played in the level lields ? Perhaps the game was originally played in paved areas." Maitland Poems, Note, p. 379. It is more natural to derive it from Germ, kolbc, a club ; Belg. kolf, a club for striking bowls or balls, a small stick ; Sw. kolf, properly a hooked club, which is the form of that used in this game. Isl. kijlba, tylfa, kj/lva, clava. Germ. Su.G. kliib- ba is certainly radically the same. Wachter derives it from klopp.cn, to strike. Lat. clava, colaph-us, C. B. elzoppa, id. and L. B. colp-us, a stroke, seem all radically allied. 2. Gouf, a blow, a stroke, S., seems to claim the same origin ; especially as this is the pronun- ciation of the word as used in the former sense. She leuds me a. gouf , and tells me I'm douf, I'll never be like her last Goodman. A. NkoPs Poems, 1739. p. 53. Since writing this article, I have observed that, in the Statist. Ace. Golf is derived from the Dutch game called Kolf, which is played in an inclosed area, with clubs and balls. In this area two circu- lar posts are placed, each of them about 8 or 10 feet from each end wall ; " and the contest is, who shall hit the two posts in the fewest strokes, and make his ball retreat from the last one with such an accurate length, as that it shall be nearest to the op- posite end wall of the area." The game is particu- larly described, Statist. Ace. (Inveresk) xvi. 28. 30. N. It appears that this game was anciently known in E. Hence Strutt, speaking of G off', says, " In the reign of Edward the Third, the Lat. name Crimbit- ca was applied to (his pastime, and it derived the de. nomination, no doubt, from the crooked cle.b or bat with which it was played ; the bat was also call, cd a bandij from its being bent, and hence the game itself is frequently written in E. bandy-ball." — Sports and Pastimes, p. 81. GOLINGER, s. A contemptuous term, Dumfr. I do not know the precise meaning. \i\. goelengar, gaelingar, Wii^cehva.^, fromgoel-a guul-a, illicere. Med goelingctr soin ok fiaerdar ; with allurements and false persuasions ; Vcrel. Ind. p. 97. Flaerdur is allied to our Flare, Jlairj, to cajole. V. GiLDYNOUR. GOLINYIE, J-. Apparently a subterfuge. But who reason in gcrterals, — They bring but bout-gates and golini/tes, Like Dempster disputing with Meinzies. — Colvil's Mock Poem, P. ii. p. 41. This most probably acknowledges the same ori- gin with the preceding word ; Isl. gocleng, the sing. of goelengar ; if not the same with GiLEYNOUR, q. v. GOLK, s. Cuckow. V. GoucK. GOLKGALITER, s. This is mentioned in a long list of diseases, in RouU's Cursing. GOO Golkgaiiler at the Iiairtgrowin?, Gl. Coiiipl. S. p. 331. From the language connected, this would seem to iL-fer to bile in the stomach; perhaps from Germ. kokcn, cvomere ; S. iouck, to keck, and A. S. geul. la, bile ; or if we suppose the word changed, A. S. geohter, sanies, (abuni. GOME, GuYM, s. A man. It seems properly to signify a warrior, and sometimes a brave raan, nsjirc/^ is used. Wrishtis welterand doune trcis, wit ye but weir, Oidanit hurilys full hie in holtis sa haire ; For to greif (hair gomyi gramest that wcr, To gar the gayest on grund grayne undir geir. Gaisun and Gol. ii. 13. Stanys and spryngaldis thai cast out so fast, And gaddys of irne, maid \no\\y goijm agast. IViillttcc, viii. 777. MS. It is misprinted ^f/'i'^w, Perth edit. The same word oieurs in O. K. 1 Ciloton, (luod thc^ofHc, giltvc me velde, That I have trespascd with tong, i cannot tel howe oft. P. Ploiir;hmai/, Fol. 20. a. The traytour schall be lake. And never aycu honi come, Thaugh he wer thoghtyer^owe, Than Launcelet dn Lake. Lj/'j. Discoii}is, Ri/son's E. Rom. ii. 47. MoesG. giima, vir, homo, gumeins, masculus ; A. S. gama. vir nubilis, Scren. vo. Groom. Alem. gomon, id. goiiiman, paterfamilias. Somner thinks that A. S. gum, in comp. denotes excellence ; as gum-rinc, a prince, a chieftain; a designation given to the three sous of jVoah. V. Gkume. GoME-GRAiTHE, s. Furniture for war. We ar in our gamen, we have no gome-graiihe. IJut yet thou shall be mached be mydday to moroe. Sir Gaxsan and Sir Gul. ii. 8. V. GuAlTHE. GOMRELL, Gamphrell, r. A stupid or sense. less fellow, a blockhead, S. By break of day, up frae my bed Off dirt I'm rais'd to draw the sled ; — Or drest in saddle, howse, and bridle, To gallop with some gampliret idle. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 511. Sibb. derives this, with considerable probability, from Fr. goimpre, goinfre, which is thus defined Diet. Trer. ; Goulu, gourmand, qui no se plait qu' i faire bonne chere a la table; — one who minds no- thing but his belly. Grose mentions ^am?HC)', to idle, znd gomerill, a sill;-' tellow. Gamerstangs, " a great foolish wanton girlc ;" Clav. Yorks. Dial. To GOO, V. n. To make a noise with the throat, expressive of satisfaction ; a term used with re- spect to infants, S. croot, synon. S. B. It seems originally the same with E. coo, a term descriptive of the cry of doves, supposed to be formed from the sound. To GOOD, GuDiN, -J, «. To manure. V.Gude. Gooding, s. Manure. V. Gudin. GOODMAN, .<-. 1. A proprietor of land, a laird, S. "As for the Lord Hume, the Regent durst not GOO meddle w ith him, he standing in awe of Alexander Hume of Manderstoun, Coildiuknows, and the Goodman of North Berwick, and the rest of that name, was boasted with very proud language." Melville's Mem. p. 122. This is the same person formerly designed Alex, andcr Hume of Norch Berwick, and mentioned in connexion with " divers other barons and gentle, men." Ibid. p. 93. Hamilton of Bothwelhaugh, who murdered the Regent Murray, is also called " the Goodman of Bothwelhaugh."" Ibid. p. 103. "The 16 of Junii (1603) Robert Weir broken on ane cart wheel witli ane coulter of ane pleuch, in the hand of the hangman, for murdering thegude. man of Warristone." Birrel's Diary, p. 61. The same iierson is called the Laird of Waristoun, and /o;y/ Waristoun ; Jamieson's Popul. Ball.i. 109. 111. In a kind of Poem, entitled. The Speech of a Fife Laird, neicly come from (he Grave, we have a further proof of the same simplicity of manners. The writer, in accounting fur the sudden change of property, attributes it to the desire of rank. Slark, then, I'll tell you how it was. Which way this wonder came to pass : — ^^ hen I was born at Middle-i/ard-meigkty There was no word of Laird or Knight : The greatest stile.9 of honour then, Was to be titl'd the Good-man. But changing time hath chang'd the case, And puts a Laird in th' Good-man's place. For why ? my gSssip Good-man John, And honest James whom I think on ; When we did meet whiles at the hawking, We us'd no cringes, but hands shaking ; No bowing, should'ring, gambo-scraping ; No French whistling, or Dutch gaping. W"e had no garments in our land. But what were spun by th' Good-ioife's band. JVa/'on's Coll. i. 27. 28. V. Goupherd. For the reason of this use of the term, V. Gud, adj. sense 3. 2. More generally a small proprietor, one who is owner of a single farm which he himself occu- pies. " The Good.man of God's Croft hath a Lam- mermure Melene [farm], and many beside him that loueth God more than he, hath not so good, there- fore the Good-man of God's-Croft is not a sincere man, hee loueth not God for himselfe, hee is'a mer- cenarie, which they cannoj be, who have not re- ceived so much from God." Bp. of Galloway's Di- kaiologie, p. 64. I am informed, that in Fife, a small proprietor, who labours his own farm, is still called the Good- man of such a place. 3. It is nov/ commonly applied to a farmer, in contradistinction from the proprietor, S. The auld guidman raucht down the pock, An' out a handfu' gied him. Burns, iii. 133 4. A husband. V. Gudemak. 5. The master of a family, S. as in E. The ^udmiin sayd unto his madin sone, 3 T 2 G O O >• C;>) pray thanic bayth cum ilouii witliouliu liunc." Diinhar, Maiitarif/ Pucms, !>. 7(i. u. Gudc man seems, in one passage, equivnlent to mail, in tlie allegorical description of ^gc. Aiic aulil ?•«(/<• man liefoir iho yet wes sene, A.|)oni.' ano stoid tliat raid full casalic. King Hurt, ii. 2. T. A jay lor. " That iiiornin;; before his death, Fobrnary 17, the Gonil.mun (Jay lor) of the Tolbooth came to him in his chamber, and told him he might save his life, if he would si(;n Ihe Petition he offered to him." Wodrow's lii.t. ii. 636. " They paid Two Shillings Sterling to the Clerk of the Tolbooth, for inserting their names in his book ; Two Merks to the Under-good-man of the Tolbooth." Ibid. p. 614. 8. By a very strange perversion, or perhaps inver- sion, this designation has been given to the devil. " A practice grossly superstitious provailed in the northern pans of Scotland, till the end of the six- teenth century. Itfell, indeed, nothing short of Dae- mon-worship, and was undoubtedly the remnant of Paganism. Farmers left a part of their land's per- petually untilled and uncropt ; this spot was dedi- cated to the Devil, and called the Goodman^s Croft. This monstrous superstition, the chnrch, in A. D. 159t, anxiously exerted herself to abolish." Ar. not's Hibt. Kdiu. p. 80. He refers to the Book of the Universal Kirk, p. 416. ; and explains the phrase in a Note, " the landlord's acre". I hesi. tatc, whether this has not rather been by inversion, instead of the /// man, a name often given by the vulvar, and by children, to the Devil. It was a common maxim, proceeding from fear, to use very civil terms in speaking of the invisible world, or those supposed to have connexion with it. Fairies were generally called our good neighbours. Those supposed to be witches were also accosted or spoken of with great respect. This was also called (he old man'? fold, this be- ing a name still vulgarly given to (!ie devil. " The old man's fold, where the druid sacrificed to the demon for his corn and cattle, could not be violated by the ploughshare." P. Montquhittcr, A- bcrd. Statist. Ace. xxi. 1-18. A similar phrase, however, is used in an innocent sense in Lanarks. The spot of ground, appro- priated by a farmer for his own use, when he ■jvishcs to retire from the fatigues of his occupation, and resigns the farm to his son, is called the Gude. ■mini's ylcrc. G00G,.J. A term applied to the young of ani- mals, to birds unfledged ; also to very young meat, that has no firmness, Ang. A. S. geong, young, or geoqulh, youth. GOOL, GuLE, adj. Yellow. — lll.fart and dryit, as Densman on the rats, Lyke as the glcdds had on thy gale snowt dyud. Dunbar. Evergreen, ii. 50. Thou was full blith. and light of late. Very deliver of thy weed, To prove thy manhood on a steed. And thou art now both gool and green. Sir Egcir, p. 3. G O R A.S. gcolu, ginil, Su.G. gul, Isl. gul-ur, id. This Scroll, derives, altho\igh on very questiuuablo ground, ab autiquiss. derivalisque foeeundissinio Scylho-Scandico, Glea,gl/aa, gloa.n'Hvrc, splcndcre. To GOOSE, -v. a. To iron linen cloths, S., Li \vord now nearly obsolete ; from goose, s. a tay- lor's sinoothing iron. GOOSE-CORN, J. Field Brome-grass, S. Bro- nius sccalinus, Linn. Sw. gaas-ba/re, i. e. gjose-oats. Synon. Skepies, q. v. GORBET, s. 1. A young bird, S. B. Now sail I feid yow as I mae : Cry lyke t\ie gorbettis of ane kae. Lyndsay. S. P. R. ii. 89. 2. Metaph., a child, Ang. V. Garb. GORBY, s. A raven, S. corl'j. Rudd. quotes this as used in Doug. Virg. But the quota- tion is incorrect ; and 1 have omitted to mark it right. Norw. gorp, id. To GORBLE UP, v. a. To swallowr with eager- ness ; Loth. Hart' soon reply'd, and lick'd his thumb, To gorbl't up without a gloom. Ramiui/s Poems, ii. 531. This, as well as the s,, might seem to be formed from E. gor-bel/j/, a paunch or belly. But perhaps it has the same origin v.ith Gorbct, and Garb, q. v. GoRBLiNG, GoRLiNG, s. An uufledged bird, S. gorhel, Moray. They — gape Yikt.: gorblings to the sky, With hungry maw and empty pouches. P.am.^aij's Poems, ii. 45. 2. Metaph. a very young person ; Loth. . It griev'd me By carlings and gorling\_s'\, To be sae sair op|)rest. t Ramxrij/'s Poems, i. 70. GOR-COCK, s. The red game, red cock, or moor-cock. Full ninety winters hae I seen. And piped where _for-coc/t.v whirring flew. And mony a day I've danced J ween. To lilts which from my drone I blew. Anon. Poem. Burns, iv. 176. I know not whether this term be properly S. It is mentioned by Willoughby. V. Pennant's Zool. p. 269. GORDON, s. A wild fowL V. Golding. GORDS, s. pi. A term used in Orkney, which seems to denote lands now lying waste, that had formerly been inhabited and cultivated. Perhaps from Su.G. guard, (pron. gord) sejii- nicntum, area clausa, villa rustica; MoesG. gards, domus. Gord may, however, be the same with '■^ Gai-th, which implies a place where there is a small patch of ground cultivated amidst a large waste." P. Kirk- wall, Orku. Statist. Ace. vii. 554. V. Gakth, GORE, s. The rheum that flows from the eyes, in a hardened state, S. V. Ga.4r. GORE, s. A strip of cloth. V. Gair. GORFY, adj. Having a coarse appearance ; Ang. ; apparently corr. from Groff, q. v. G O S GORGE. — Gi) t grastliowe-lu'idot gorge miliars — Uunhar, Maitland Poems, p. 109. Perhaps it should be read (j. gorrie, with the se- coiid^soft. It may allude to Vv. gorguc du mou- lin, tin; conduit of a water.niiln. C)r rather from Fr. gorgt', gor:;ed, crammed ; in allusion to the quantity of food they have in their power. GORGOULL, s. Xixt come the go rgo it /I and the graip, Twa feirfull fouls indeed ; Quha uses oft to licke and laip The bind of bodies deiil. Biirc/'.t Pilgr. IVatson's Cull. ii. 24. This seems to be a corr. of gorgon. It has been supposed that the harpy is meant; Gl. Compl. p. 339. This is probable, as the graip is the griffin, another fictitious animal. GORMAND, s. A glutton. Fr. O. E. gour. ?nar.i. Gredie Gormnnd, quhy did thou not asswage Thy furious rage contrair that lustie quene, Till we sum frute had of hir body senc ? Lipidiai/'s fS'dr/an, 1593. p. 290. GoRMAND, ad/. \^orac:ous, gluttonous. The sillie sauls, that bene Christ's sheip, Sould nocht be givin to gormand wollis to keip. Li/iuhai), S. P. R. ii. 235. Fr. gniirmand-cr to raven, to devour. GORMAW, GouLMAW, j-. The corvorant. The golk, the gormuic, and the gK-d, IJeft him with bullets quhill he bled. litiiinutijne Vovms, \i. 21. st. 10. '• The fwannis murnit, be cause the grej' goitl maze prognosticat ane storm." Compl. S. p. 60. The name gormmc is still retained by the com. mon people. V. Gl. Corai>l. According to Dr Caius, corvorant is from corvus vioraiis, Pennant's Zool. p. 008, Note. Analogi. cally, gormazc may be from Teut. gorre, valde ava. rus, ai\d maeghe, Belg. mtiag, A. S. niaga, sto- -machus. I suspect that it is the same word, which is vulgarly pronounced ^;flm;7!«ic, as a term for a vora- cious person, one whose appetite is never satisfied, S?. 'To GORL, v. a. To surround the roof of a stack with straw-ropes, twisted in the form of lozenges, for securing it against the wind ; Loth. Perhaps from Teut. gordel, cingulum, q. to sur- round as with a girdle; gord-cn, Su.G. g/ord-a, cin. gere. GOSK, s. Grass that grows through dung, Ang. GosKY, adj. 1. Rank, luxuriant, having more straw than grain, Ang. 2. Large in size, but feeble ; applied to an ani- mal, Ang. Isl. kask-r signifies strenuus, validus. But from the sense of the word, and existence of the s., this can scarcely be accounted the origin. I am rather inclined to think that this, notwith- standing the change of the initial letter, is radically the same with hitik, Teut. httyskcn, siliqua ; espe- cially as Fr. goiisse signifies a cod, shell or husk. GOSS, s. 1. "Asillv, but good-natured man, S." Rudd. G O S Soon as he wan within the close, He dously drew in Mair gear fnc ilka gentle _§-om Than bought a new ane. Raiiiiui/'s Works, i. 237. e. The term is frequently used to denote a mean, gripmg person; oiien, greedy goss, l^oth. Gos- «<", id. Isl. gosc signifies a little servant, servulus. But, • if our word be not, like the followins;, an abbrov. of gossip, it may rather be allied to Fr. gaiinrt'. goasve, one who is made a laughing-stock. GOSSE, s. An abbrev. oi gossip. Gude^?-o.(,n of the name now given to the Supreme Being, but the name itself as anciently pro- nounced. GO-SUMMER, s. The time that succeeds sum- mer, the beginning of autumn, S. GOT, GoTE, .f. A drain or ditch, in which there is a run of water, S. Goivts, drains, South E. Belg. gote, geute, id. L. B. got-a canalis ; Alem. giozzo, liuvius. Hire traces these words, as well as '^H.G.JIodgiuta canalis, whence E. floodgate, to giut-u flucre, to How. Here we see the origin of E. gutter, which Dr Johns, whimsically derives from guttur, the throat. V. Goat. GOUD, s. The vulgar pron. oi gold, S. Mygoiid! my bands! alackanic! That we should part! Ramsajj''s Poems, i. 304. GOUDSPINK,.f. The Goldfinch, S. V. Gold- SPINK. GOUDIE, s. A blow, a stroke, Ang. Isl gadd-r, Su.G. gadd, clavus ferreiis ? To GOVE. V. GoiF. GOVELLIN, part. adj. 1. A woman's head- dress is said to be ^g-oi^f//;/?, when it hangs loose- ly and ungracefully, Ang. 2. Applied to cue, from the appearance of his eyes, when he is intoxicated, Ang. In both senses, it seems tobeaderiv.frora Goif, q. v. GOUERNAILL, s. Government, management, governailh', Chaucer. Rycht lawly thus till him thai thaim comniead, Besocht hirn fair, as a peyr ott" the land. To cum and tak sum gouernaiU on hand. JVaUace, viii, 16. MS. Gouernal, Doug. Virgil, 308. 10. Fr. gouvcrnail, which primarily denotes the helm of a vessel, by means of which it is steered, managed or governed, is also used in a moral sense. Tenir Icgoit- vernail, to sit at the helm; melaph. to govern a state. GOVIRNANCE, s. Conduct, deportment. Scho knew the freyr had sene hir govirnancc, Scho wist it was no bute for to deny. Dunbar, Maitland Poemsy p. 79. G O U From Fr. part, gouvernant, ordering. To GOUK, -u. n. 1. To gaze, to stare idly, to gaze about in a vacant or foolish manner, Ang. 2. To expect foolishly, to lose time by delaying without reason. Sum jiynis furth auc pan boddum to prent fals plakkis ; Sum goukis qiiliil the glas pvg grow al of gold Throw curie of qucntassence, thocht clay miig- gis crakkis. Dong. Virgil, 238. b. 51. But the idea of expectation is only secondary. Guiles is rendered, " expects time foolishly, and delays;' Gl. Evcrgr. But I have not marked the passage. Rudd. improperly refers to Fr. gogucs, jollity, glee, lightheartedness. Germ, giict-en, spectare, projiioctare, is certainly a cognate term. Hence sterngucker, astronomus ; a stargazcr. Mod. Sax. gijk-en; Su.G. kox-a, attenlis ociilis observare. \Vachter y'lcws gucicn as coutr. from gc.aug.en, or from uug, the eye. But the Isi. cognate term is ^/ae^. ast. Eirn afglape giacgist inn urn unnui a glugga; The fool gazes throw the windows of others; Syrac. 21. The root is undoubtedly giiae, prospicere. GOUK, J-. The Cuckow. V. Gowk. GOUK, s. A fool. V. Gowk. To GOUL, 1'. II. To howl, to yell, to cry with a loud voice of lamentation, S. O. E. gouling, part. pr. Skars sayd I thus, quhen gouling pictously, With thir wourdis lie ansuerd me in liy. Doug. Virgil, 50. 1. It is used to denote both the howling of a dog^ and the bitter lamentation m.adc 1)}' man, S, Isl. gol-a, gocl-a, is a term appropriated to the yelling of dogs and wolves ; G. Andr. Gaul.ii,hor. reriJuni friste et inconditum vociferarc, gaul, talis clamor; gool, uhilatus, Kdda Sacmund. ; gol, G. Andr. This is the root of E. yell, if not also of hold. The I', in Su.G. is changed to yl-u. Laf. .ilul-arc, belongs to the same family. GouL, s. 1. A yell, a cry of lamentation, S. 2. A loud cry, expressive of indignation, S. A. Gouling, s. The act of yelling, or of making lamentation. Thay schouting,5-o«Z/H^, and clamour about him maid ; The body syne bcwalit haue thay lade In ane soft bed. Doug. Virgil, 170. 40. V. the v. GOULE, s. The throat, the jaws. Thare may be sene ane throll, or aynding stede, To Acheron renin donn that hcllis sye, Gapand with his pcstiferus^oii/t full wyde. Doug. Virgil, 227. 45. Fr. gueule, Lat. gula. GOULL-BANE, s. This name is given to a bone near the hip; S. B. I am informed, that it is the top of the /emur, where it is lodged ia the acetahdum. GOULMAU. V. GoRMAW. G O U To GOUP, V. n. 1. To gaze idly, to stare. V, GoiF. GOUPIN, GowpiN, GowpiNG, s. \. The hol- low of the hand, when contracted in a semicir- cular form to receive any thing, S. B. Goupins, both hands held together in form of a round vessel, S. A nicvefu' o' meal, or a gojupen o' aits, — Wad hae made him as blythe as a, beggar could be. Jamiesoii's Popular Ball. i. 30i . When we came to London town, AVe dream'd of gowd m gorcpings here ; And rantingly ran np and down, In rising stocks to buy a skair. Itaiiivai/'s Poems, ii. ^7^. For to the Grecians he did swear, He had sac great envy, That goud in goupens he had got The army to bttray. Poems in tlie Buclian Dialect, p. 7, 2. A handful, S. '• N'ochttheles quhen thay ar tretit with soft and moderat empire, thay ar found richt humane and meke pepyl, richt obeysand to reason. And nocht allanerly kepis tliair faith efter the reason of thair contract, bot geuys anc^oti'ywj;, or ellis sum thingis mair abone the iust mesure that thay sell." Bellend. Descr. Alb. c. 16. This is now more commonly denominated a goup~ enfozc, S. A. Bor. go:oping, or a goiopen-full, id. \.f,\. gaupn, gup7i, Su.G. goepn, manus concava; vihence gaupna, to embrace, to contain. Ihre ob- serves from Bcrtrand, that the Swiss me gciuj ia the same sense with Su.G. goepn. He also observes, that Heb. IBTT, liophen denotes the palm of the hand, the fist ; Pers. kef, id. It may be added, that Arab. \2'n signilies to take with both hands, duabus mani- bus cepit ; and (hat this u. in Piel is used by the Talmudibts in the sense of, pugillo cepit. Ihre might have found a Heb. word, still more similar. This is r\2, caph, vola, the pahn of the hand ; thus denomi- nated as being hollow, from r)S3, cuphaph, curvavit. GOUPHERD, part. pa. Then must the Laird, the Good-mans oyc, Be knighted streight, and make convoy, Coach'd through the streets with horses four, Foot-grooms pasniented o'er and o'er : Himself cut out and slasht so wide, Ev'n his whole shirt his skin doth hide. Gowpherd, gratnizied, cloaks rare pointed, Embroider'd, lac'd, with hoots disjointed; A belt cmbost with gold and piirle; False hair made craftily to curie ; Side breeks be button'd o'er the garters ; Was ne'er the like seen in our quarters. PVatson's Coll. i. 29. Gowpherd and gratnizied perhaps signify what is now called puciercd and quilled; from Fr. goul/i, swollen, or gouffre, gou/fre, a gulf, q. formed into cavities ; gratigne, scratched. Purle is evidently corr. from pearl. GOURDED, part. adj. Gorged ; a term appli- ed to water when pent up, S. B. V. Guiftr. c o \v GOURL. V, GuRL. (.;OUSTY, adj. 1. Waste, desolate; dreary in consequence of extent or emptiness, S. ^I'.olus the kyiig In ^oitsty caiiis, the wiiulis'loud qnhisling A.ul br-iilhlic tonii)OSlis, by his power rcfranys III baiulis hard. Doug. I'ligil- IJ- -la- ' ""'" =^"''"°' *^"'§" i c. dreary baaiiscofiheir i^reat extent. 'I'hay wont amyddis dym schaddois thare, Quhare eiie'r is nicht,' and ueuer licht doith re- pare, Throw out the waste dungcoun of Pluto King, Thay vode bonndis, and l)\a.t gou sty ring. Ibid. 17'2. 35. Inaniu regna, Virg. Doug, in like manmr renders vastus ^«'.v//y. B(.t his feint schankis gan for eild schaik, His gohtlii coist and inembris euery straik, Tho"foblc"braith gan to bete and blaw. Virgil, 142. 13. Vastos artus. 2. What is accounted ghostly, preternatural; synon. wanearthly . Cald, mirk, mA goustie., is the nicht, Loud roars the blast ayont the hight. Jamicsun's Popular Ball. ii. 339. " lie observed one of the black man's feet to be cloven ; and that his apparel was black ;— and that the black man's voice was hough nxxAgoustie.'' Glan- villi's Sadduiisnius, p. 393. In the same Relation, we find " hollow and ghostly i" Satan's Invi-sible SVorld, Uel. 1. p. 8. It seems doubtful, however, •whether as applied to sound, it does not denote that •which is emitted from a place that is empty or hollow. According to Rudd. q. gifitlij., to which Sibb. adds goixt/ij, " because timorous people fancy that ?-/!os/s freciu'ent such places as woods, caves, dens, old ruin- ous buildings, which the Romans therefore called hurreiilia.'''' The term, however, is from L. B. guas/.us, waste, desert ; guast-um, Ital. guast-o, Fr.gast, wasteness, devastation, also, a waste. V. Du Cange. Teut. icueslc, vastus, desertus ; Franc, uuost, uuuost, Gl. Prz. vuusti, A. S. xccste, Germ, tcuste. GOUSTROUS ,adj- Frightful, Dumfr. probably allied to the preceding word ; or to A. B.or. goster, gaivstcr, to bully, to hector. GOUTHERFOW, ndj. Amazed, having the ap- pearance of astonishment. It seems to suggest the idea of one who appears nearly deranged from terror or amazement, Ang. It is ))irhaps allied to Isl. ga/dr, vesanus, aniens. Hire mentions Su.G. gullo as having the sense of vi. tinm, defectus, whence lie derives ^rtWa(/«r, vitiosus, adding ; " 1 have a suspicion, that the Isl. word pro. pcrlv denotes that kind of defect which is produced by magical arts, and thus that it originates from Isl. gnlldr. incantalio." The same idea had been thrown out by G. Andr. According to this etymon, _fo«;/ie;-- foxs must have originally denoted one under the power of incantation, q. galldur-full. CrOW, s. A halo, a cloudy, colourless circle sur- rounding the disk of the sun or moon; suppos- ed toporteiid stormy weather, Ang. brugh, synon. G o ^v Isl.^i///, parelion, solem antecedt-nj, a colore an- reo vel' fulvo ; gyli-a deaurarc, gull-r, liavus ; G. Andr. p. 88. rr ■ -l GO W, s. To tak the gow, to run off without pay- ing one's debts, to make what is called a moon- light fitting, Ang. The word is undoubtedly allied to 0. Tcut.^o«:i>, a country or region ; especially as to tak the road, to (at the country, to Jice the country, are equiva. lent phrases. Germ, gaa, gozi:, pagus, regio ; MoesG. gaiije, ingens alicujus regionis tractus ; Bi- rinnandans ala that a gawi ; running through that whole country ; Mar. vi. 55. Hence ^oi:, ot gaic, forms tiie termination of the names of many places in Germany. V. Gau, Kilian and Cluver. Germ. Ant. Lib. ii. c. 39. Hence also the terms used in West- phalia, Goa).g-;-e/ and Gota-^enVAif, the president or governor of any'tcrritory. L. B. gograviits, id. Du Cange, id. ^oim, pagus, regio. V. Spclman. Fris. gae, pagus, vicus rusticus. Wachter views all these as corresponding to Gr. y>i, ys«, yui», the earth. GOW AN, s. 1. The generic name for daisy, S. " W'e saw the pleasantest mixture of Gozeaiis so commonly called, or daisies white and yellow on every side of the way growing very thick, and cover, ing a considerable piece of the ground, that ever we had occasion to see." Brand's Orkney, p. 31. 2. When the term is used singly, it denotes the Common or Mountain daisy. " Bellis perennis: Common Daisie. Anglis. Go- zsan. Scotis." Lightfoot, p. 487. Her face is fair, her heart is true, As spotless as she's bonnie, O ; The op'ning^otvrtre, wet wi' dew, Nae purer is than Nannie, O. Burns, iii. 279. Gael, gngan is rendered a bud, a flower, a daisy ; Shaw. But I suspect that this is a borrowed term, as it is not found in Lhuyd or Obrien. EwE-GOWAN, s. The Common daisy, S. B. ap- parently denominated from the ewe, as being frequent in pastures, and fed on by sheep. HoRSE-GOWAN, s. This name includes the Leon- todon, the Hypochaeris, and the Crepis, S. Yellow Gowak, the name given in S. by the vulgar, indiscriminately to different species of the Ranunculus, to the Caltha palustris or Marsh marigold, and (particularly S. B.) to Chrysanthemum segetum or Corn marigold. In the West of S. it is applied to Hydcpnos au- tumnale. While on burn banks the yellozo goiuan grows, Or wand'ring lambs riu bleating after ewes, His fame shall last. • Ramsay's Poems, ii. 5. V. Lucken. " Corn Marigold. Auglis. Gules, Gools, Guills, or Y^elloiD Goiouiis, Scotis." Liglitfoot, p. 489. A. BoT. goultais. Corn marigold, from the yellow colour ; V. Ra}'. Could we view this as the prima, ry application of our gowan, it would determine the etymon. GOW AND, s. This gou;und grathit with sic grit g-reif, G O W He (HI liis w,ijjs wretlijy weul, but wciie. llciiryione. fiunuulj/He f^Qcm^, li. 133. Lord liailes ^iTL■s this |>assiige as not uiitlor^tood. Guii:tmU may signify-, liavcUer ; Dan. gaacn^c, go- In^. Or, V. Guu:.) 2. The writer says, st. 1. Muvund allune, iu i^iurnyiig iiiyld, I met A iiiirry man Or, it may signify a youth, as opposed (o atild ttiiiu; Genu. Jigcttil, jiivcnlus; Muu:>Q. Jug^oiis. Thus ihf Sfosi' may Ih-; '• Tliis }'uul/i, haviii" re- ccivid till' i-rejiaralive of such a grievous lecture from jJife, who foretold jo iiiany calamities, went on his way «iiJi ilisjileasure." GOWANY, a/i/. Abounding with mountain daisies, S. O Pejjgy ! sweeter than the dawning day, Sweeter th;in ^ytra«f/ slens or oew.mawn hay! Rum fa)/'// Poems, ii. 94. V. Go wan-. GOWDIE. Hee/s o'er goiviiie, topsy-turvy, heels uppermost, S. Soon hecU o''cr goiidic ! in he gangs. — Burns, iv. 392. My mind sae wanders, at whate'er 1 be, Gaes AcfA- o^er goiztUe, when the cause I see. Morison's Poems, p. 121. GOWDY, s. A jewel, or any precious orna- ment. — My tender girdil, my waily goxctijj. Evergreen, ii. 20. i. e. " my rich or precious jewel." A pair of bedes black as sable She toke, and hynge my necUe about. Upon the gaudees all without Was wryte of gold, pur reposer. Gower's Coiif. Am. Fol. 190. a. A pair of bedes ^tfi/dfrf all with grene. Chaucer, Pro/, v. 159. This is rendered by Tyrwhitt, " having the gau- dies green." The word is of Fr. origin, gaudees, prayers be- ginning with a Gaudete. Tyrwhitt accordingly quotes the following passage from Monast. V. 111. p. 174. Tria paria preculiarium del Corall cum le gaudeys argenti deanrata. It seems to have been at first used to denote those beads used by Papists for devotion ; and afterwards to have signified beads used in dress, or any thing of the same ornamental kind. To GOWFF, "J. a. To strike, S. But, word and blow. North, Fox, and Co, GoTcff'd Willie like a ba', man. Ritson's S. Songs, ii. 126. V. Golf. GOWINIS, T././. Gowns. Now pure as Job, now rowand in richess; Now goKtnis gay, now brattis to imbrass. Henrysone, Bannatyne Poems, p. 123. st. 5. L. B. gun-a, gunn-a, vestis pellicea; Gr. Barb. V«.-«, id. C. B.gzen, togz; lta.\. go jina. GOWK, GoUK, s. A fool, a simpleton, S. Witi pensive face, whene'er the market's hy, Minutias cries, " Ah! what a, gowk was I." Ramsay's Poems, i. 325. Daft gozek ! crys ane, can he imagine Sic haverel stuff will e'er engage ane G Q W To read his wajsj^s, aflither jige ^p ? ' Rcj. J. i\'if&/'4 pMCms, i,i. 131. At first yiuyv tlijij Bii;^hl &ceui nurejy a iViia^iii! use of the vvord signifying a cuckow. Uu^ >.hin we dace it in coi^iiate Jaiiguagjs, it ajjpears to be radi. eally dill'erenl. Frjnc. guich, stulidus, ■ AWm. ^och, CJerm. gguch, Su.G. g.-ck, U\. gick, stultui^ fatiius, C. B. cueg. id. A. S. gocc, praeccps, rasli, unadvised, has iMiduubtcdly a comnion origin viiVh the words already mentioned. IJjuler this, Somnsr refers to Teut. ghcc/,-, wliicli both signifies, pravceps, and stnlt.us. 'Wachter rather faue.t'uUy derives the Cerm. word from ^a;^', vacuus, inanis. Gowk IT, Gauckit, Guckit, j^/rf.. acif. . 1, Foolish, stupid, S. A"e hundreth standis heirby Perauter ar asg(iuc!:U fulls as I. Lyiidsay, S. P. R. ii. 93. Fool gnuldt chield, sic stull as that to true; (rin ye believe them, nane will credit you. Alorispn's Poems, p, 187. " Let those bishops then in time bite upon this, who for one preaching made let the people rides fortie jjostes to court; for a daics attending on the llocke, spends iiionlhcs in court, councell, parlia- ment and conventions ; and for a thought or word bestowed for the weale of any soule, cares a hundreth for their apparell, their trayns, lleshly pleasure, and goiiiit gloriositie." Course of Conformitie, p. 27. So mony maisteris, so raony guckit clerkis. Dunbar, Bannutync Poems, p. 42. st. 4. It would appear that goick had been formerly used as a I'., like Su.G. ^t'ci-a.v ludilicari, (torn geek, stul- tus : 'Y^ ent. gheck-en, morionem agere. •2. Light, giddy. In this sense it is often applied to young women, who are light in their carri- age. A guckit /pieari, Ang. Glaikit, synon. Scho was so giicLit and so gend, That day ane byt scho eit nocht. Pel>lis to the Play, st. 3. V. GucK, and HinniE Giddie. GowKiTLiE, GouKETLiE, adv. Foolishly. Gif on fault their be, Alace ! men hes the wyit ! That gcves sa gouketlie Sic rewleris onperfyte. Arbuthnut, Maitland Poems, p. 141. GOWK, GoLK, s. The cuckoo, S. more gene- rally ^oacioo, S. B. goci, Stirlings.^02/^, A. Bor. " The Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus, Linn. Syst.), or gouk of this place, is found, though but rarely, in the retired and romantic hills of Hoy and Waes." Bar. ry's Orkney, \'i. 31 1. It is often, but improperly, written golk. The golk, the gormaw, and the gled, Beft him with buftets quhill he bled. Dunbar, Bannaiyne Poems, p. 21. st. 10. This word is common to almost all the Northern languages; Su.G. ^oe^, U\. gauk.r, k\em. cuccuc, Getm. gauch, guguci, Be\g. koekoek, Dan. kuckuck. C. B. cwccw, gzBCCK, Fr. cocu, coucou. We may add G r. x»Kxt/|, Lat. cuculus. It seems probable that the name has been formed from the uniformity of the note of this bird. Hence the S. Prov.,"You breed of t\iesouke, you have ay but one song." Kelly, p. 362. 3 U G O W Gowk's Errand, a fool's errand, an April errand, S. also, to hunt thego-xi, to go on a fool's errand. " Has Jove thon sent mc 'inang thir fowk," Cry'd Htrmes, " here to hurit the gonk- ?" Rams. 85. GOWLIS, s. pi. — The rosy garth depaynt and redolent,. With purpour, asure, gold, -^nA goidis gent, Arrayit wes be Damo Flora the Queue GoldenTarge, Bannatijne Poems, p. 9. st. 5. This Lord Ilailes renders inui igulds. But it seems- rather the same w ith gules, a term in heraldry signi- fying red ; as the poet's description ismetaph., and no particular flower is mentioned, but only the colours, in such terms as arc commonly appiopriated to heral- dry. Dunbar seems inclined to blazon this field. The word is used by Doug, as signifying red. — Sum gres, sum gon-lis^ sum purpoure, sum sanguane. f'irgil, 401. 2. GOWP, s. A mouthful. 'J'hrie garden ^o:^;;* tak of the air. And bid your page in haist prepair For your disjone sum daintic fair. Philotus, Pink. S. P. R. iii. 11. Teut. golpc, Bclg. gulp, a draught ; w hence the E. word. GRABBLES, s.pl. A disease of cows, in which all their limbs become crazy, so that they are unable to walk, Ang.. GRACE DRINK, the designation comtnonly given to the drink taken by a company, after the giving of thanks at the end of a meal, S. " To this queen [Margaret, Malcolm Canraore's queen] tradition says, we owe the custom of the grace drink ; she having established it as a rule at her table, that whoever staid till grace was said, was rci warded with, a bumper." Eucycl. Britann. vo. Furfar. GRADDAN, .f. l. Parched corn, grain burnt out of the ear, S. Both the corn, and the meal, prepared in this manner, are said to be grad- daned., S. " The corn is graddan'd^ or burnt out of the ear instead of being thrashed : this is performed two ways ; first, by cutting oft' the ears, and drying them in a kiln, then setting fire to them on a iloor, and picking out the grains, by this operation rendered as 1 G R A black a,s cual. The other is more expeditious, for the whok- sheaf is burnt, without the trouble of cut- ting off the ears ; a most ruinous practice, as it de. stroys both tiiatch aud manure, and on that account has been wisely prohibited in some of the islands. Oradanned corn was the parched corn of Holy Writ. Thus lioaz j)reseuts his beloved Ruth with parched corn ; and Jesse sends David with an Ephuh of the same to his sons in the cim[> of Saul. 'I'he grindiiij; was also performed by the same sort of machine the quern, in which two women were necessarily em. ployed : thus it is prophesied, T:^o uunieii shall be grinding at the mill, one shall be taken, the other left. 1 must observe too, that the island lasses areas merry at their work of grinding the Graddtni, the Kxy^^ii of the antients, as those of Greece were in the days of Aristophanes, Who warbled as they ground their parched corn. Niibes-, Act V. Scene ii." Pennant's Voyage to the Hebrides, p. 321. 321. " At breakfast this morning ; among a profusion of other things, there were oat-cakes, made of what is called Gradduned meal, that is, meal made of grain separated from the husks, and toasted by fire, instead of being threshed and kiln-dried." iioswell's Tour, p. 190. Considerable quantities of wheat, parched in the same manner, have of late years been found in dig- ging the Canal, between Forth and Clyde, along the line of Antoniue's Wall, in those subterranean struc- tures which have been viewed as Roman granaries. Hence it would appear, that the Romans also used parched corn. According to Pennant, gruddan is " from grad quick, as the process is so expeditious;" ubi sup. But he has not observed that Gael, gread-am signi- lies, to burn, to scorch, and that greudan, the name given in that language to parched corn, is evidently formed from it. This v., however, is not confined to the Celt. Su.G. graedd-a has the same meaning; assare, igne torrere ; gracdda hroed., panera coquere, to bake; g-/-aeh, as thoy are called, abound every re around the coast, and constitute a great part where i part of the sustenance of the inhabitants. — They seem to be the intermingled fry of various genera, aud arc called by the inhabitants Stllucs." P. Canisbay, Caithn. Statist. Ace. viii. 151. " There is a species of fish taken on this coast, which goes by the gtneral name of Griij/JiJi." P. Kilmartin, Argylcs. Ibid. p. ^3. To GRAIF, Grawe, v. a. To bury, to inter. Eneas unto the Latytiis gaif Tuelf dayis of respit the dede cor|)sis to graif. Dung. Virgil, Ruhr. 363. 39. Law, luve and lawtie gra-oin law thay ly. Bannafjjne Poems, p. 190. st. 5. Grazii/n, interred. At Jerusalem trowyt he, GruTii/n in the Burch to be. Barbour, iv. 509. MS. MoesG. ^r«/^-a«, A.S. graf-an, A\cm. greb-an, Isl. graf-a, Teut. grav.en, Dan. grav-er, to dig. Su.G. be.grafz!.a, to bury; Belg. begraav-en. Chaucer, grave, id. To GRAYF, V. a. To engrave. ■ Vulcanus thare amang the layf, Storyis to cum dyd in the armoure graj/f. Doug. Virgil, Ruhr. 206. 26. A. S.graf.an, Bclg.grav-en, ls\. graf.a, id. Lye views MoesG. grub-an, fodere, as the origin. GRAY'LORD, s. Apparently, the Coal fish full grown. " The coast of St Kilda, and the lesser Isles, are l)Icntifully furnished w ith variety of cod, ling, macka- rel, cougars, braziers, turbet, graylords, sythes.'' Martin's St Kilda, p. 19. V. Gray Fish. To GRAINE, Grane, v. n. i. To groan, S. Y^orks. Vnder the paysand and the heuy charge Can grane ox geig the euil ionit barge. Doug. Virgil, 178. II. 2. To complain of bodily ailments, S. " A graining wife and a grunting horse ne'er fail'd their master." Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 11. A. S. gran.ian, Belg. gran-en, id. Graine, Grane, s. A groan, S. Doug. Thay gyrnit and lait gird with granis, , Ilk gossop uder greivit. Chr. Kiri,it. 15. V. the o. j 3 U 2 G R A GRAIN, Grane, s. 1. The branch of a tree, S. B. Apoim anc ^;«HC or hranihe of anc greno Ire, His vtliir wcchfy harnes gudc in ncde Lay on the gers. Doug. Hrgil, 350. 12. V. also Acts. la. VF. 1581. c. 11. Alurray. 2. The stalk or stem of a plant. The chesbow liecles oft we se Bow down tliiirc knoppis, sowpit in thare grane, Quhcn tliay arc chargit with the heiiy rane. Doug. Virgil, 292. 8. Lye thinks that grcin is used in the iamc sense in DcTonsh. Add. to Jiiu. Etym. 3. A branch of a river, S. Toucr is kond anc grane of that riuer In Latyne liccht Dunubium, or hter. Dutig. Virgil, 7. 21. " That branch of the river which runs between :Mr Fraser's bank and the Allocliy Island, is called the Allochy Grain, or North Branch of the river, and (he other is called the South Branch of the river." State, Leblie of Powis, &c. 1805, p. 22. 4. The prongs of a fork are called its gravis, S. This is derived from Su.G. gren-a, Isl. grcin-a, dividere. Hence the phrase, Acen grenar sig, the river divides itself. Greiii, pars, distinctio ; also signifying a branch. Belg. grenzen, bonndarhcs, is evidently a cognate term. GRAINTER, s. One who has the charge of granaries. This is my Grainter, and my Chalmerlaine, And hes my gould, and geir, under hir cuiris. Ljjndsa^, S. P. R. ii. 222. Fr. grcnelicr, the overseer, keeper or comptrol- kr of the king's granaries ; greneteric, the office of the comptroller of the granaries, Cotgr. " Hence a granary is, in Scotland, called ngrniiilal or grjj /it al. house;" 01. Lynds. But, as far as I can learn, these terms are confined to Aberd. and the northern counties. To GRAIP, v.n. I. To grope, S. 2. To feel ; used in a general sense. Schyr, I sail schow yow for my wage, My ]]ardonis, and my prcvelege, Quhilk ye sail sc, and gruip. Li/iiilsaij, I'inlc. S. P. R. ii. 68. A. S. grap-an, id. In sense 2. perhaps from MoesC. greip-aii, Su.G. grip. a, arripere ; S. grip. GRAIP, Grip, s. The griffin. Js'ixt come the gargonll and the graipy Twa fiirfull fouls indtid. liiirci's Pilgr. IVulson's Coll. ii. 24. Thd gled, the grip, up at the bar couth stand A> advocatis expert in to the lawis. Ihurtj^onc, liunmit^ve Pucins, p. 110. st. 5. It would appear that tliis name, generally apjiro- priaU'd to a bird which is merely the otrspring of fancy, was hy the ancient Coths given to a' real one. Wence that ancient Runic disfich ; Mdilcr greip a haiiki; the grip is larger than a hank. Wachter thinks (hat there can be no doubt tliaf this word pa-sed from (he II v perboreans to the Greeks and «ihcr nations; as iu the Scythian language it denotes G II A a ravfnous bird from MoesG. greip.an, Su.G. grip, a, Gvxm. grciff.an, rapere ; whence undoubtedly Fr. griffe, the claw or talon of a bird. Sw. grip. Germ. grctj/jT, Belg. gryp.vogel, id. h?it.grijps, Gr. y§u^J'. Kilian renders 'icMtgriffoeh, id. q. gri)p-hoen. But 1 suspect that this word sometimes denotes a vulture; particularly in the account given of Theseus. And on his breste thare sat a grisely ^/-j/yie, Quhilk wylh his bill his bally throw can bore. Ilenrysone^s Orpheus, Ed/n. edit. 1508. GRAIP, s. A dung-fork, an instrument formed yith three iron prongs for cleaning a stable, S. The graip he for a harrow taks Burns, iii. 133. V. Sturt, v, n. Su.G. grepe, id. tridens, quo ad stabula purgan- da utantur pastores ; Ihre. This he derives from grip. a, prehendere. It is also called (Ij/nggrcp, Wideg. Tent, grepe, greep, grcppe, fuscina, tri... dens. Hence most probably Gael, grapadh, id.; Shaw. To GRATTH, Grathe, v. a. l. To make ready, to prepare, S. Schippis we grailli, and nauy reddy maide Betwix Anthandros and the niont of Ida. Doug. Virgil, 67. 17. 2. To dress, to put on military accoutrements. Thir men retornede, with owtyn noyess ordyn, — Than grathit sone thir men of armyss kcyne. Wallace, iv. 230. MS. Husk is used in a similar manner. The word has the same meaning in O. E. AimTug grejjthetie hyra and ys folk a boute. R. Glouc. p. 64. This term occurs in a peculiar sense in the Battle of Harlaw, st. 5. He vowd to God omnipotent. All the haile lands of Ross to half. Or ells be gruitked in his graif. Evergreen, i. 80. It may, however, be reducible to the sense of dressed; as A. S. ge.raed-ian is sometimes used; Somner. 3. To dress food. " Of conkcs graithand or maka;nd reddie flesh or fishe, not wel nor convenient for men to be eaten." — Ch-ilmcrlan Air, c. 38. § 41. A. S. geracd.ian, Tcut. ghe-raed-en, parare; Isl. greid-a, Su.G. red-a, expedire. Graith, adj. 1. Ready, prompt. As quhylum did the Phitones, That quhen Saul abaysyt wes Ott'the Fi'lystynys mycht, Raysyt, throw hyr niekill slycht, Samuclis spyrite als tite. Or in his sted the iwill spyrite. That gaifT rycht graitli ansuer hyr to. Barbour, iv. 759. MS. A. S. ^e-rn-j'. ^(•-rm\/, paratus, tnstrUctus; Teut. ge-ried, citns. ge-rccd, jiaratus. 2. Not embarrassed, not impeded. 'I'hrow tiie ni'ct pieyss Wallace to him socht; His .vwiul deid he eschew it as he uiocht, Vndyr ane aykj wyth men about him set. G R A WaUace mycht nocht a graith straik on him get: Yeit schede he thaim, a full royd slope was maid. fVallace, iv. 76. MS. Gret has been substituted in editions. 3. Straight, direct. Fawdoun was left beside thaim on the land; The power come and sodeynly him fand : For thair sloith liund the graith gait till him yeid ; Off othir trade scho tuk as than no heid. JVallacc, T. 135. MS. 4. Earnest ; as denoting accurate observation. Quhen thai slepyt, this traytour tuk graith heid. He met his eym, and bad him haitfno dreid ; On slcip he is, and with him hot a man ; Ye may him haiif, for ony craft he can. Wallace, xi. 1003. MS. Tn all the edit, it '\s gud ox good. Graith, j-. l. Furniture, apparatus of whatever kind, for work, for travelling, &c. S. gear, synon. Lat thamc commaund, and we saU furnis here The irneg-ra?7/(, the werkmen, and the wrichtis, And all that to the schippis langis of richtis. Doug. Virgil, 373. 40. It is also applied to the necessary apparatus of a ship. V. Ledisma.v. House-gruith, furniture necessary for a house, S. Su.G. husgcracd, utcnsilia, supellex domestica ; Germ, hausgeraeth, Belg., without the prefix, huys. raed, id. Mai>.ter -graith, the beam by which horses are joined to a plough or harrow, Ang. Riding- grailh^ furniture necessary for riding on horse-back. Here farmers gash, in ridin graith Gaed hoddin by their cotters. Burns, i. 40. 2. Accoutrements for war ; synon. geir. — Go dres yow in your graith. And think wcill, throw your hie courage, This day ye sail wyn vassalage. Than drest he him into h\^ gcir, Wantounlie like ane man of weir. L^ndxajj's Sqiij/cr Meldrum, 1594. A. Tiii. a. 3. It is used apparently as equivalent to substance, riches. Philofus is the man, Ane ground-riche man and full o( graith: lie wantis na jewels, claifh, nor waith, Bot is baith big and beine. Phitotus, S. P. R. iii. 8. 4. Applied to some parts of wearing apparel. " They make shoone, buites, and other graith, before the lether is barked." Chalmerlau Air, c. 22. 5- Any composition used by tradesmen in prepar- ing their work. " They [skinners] hunger their lethfr in default tif gfaith, that is to say, .ilmi- [alluni], egges, and other ^;-otVA." Chalmerlan Air, c. 23. § 2. 6. Warm water so wrought up with soap as tabe fit lor washing clothes, S.. G li A -See the sun Is right far up, and we've not yet begun To freath the graith : if canker'd IMadge, oin aunt, ■ Come up the burn, she'll gie us a Mickcd rant. Ramsaj/\'i Poemy, ii. 86. 7. Stale urine, Ang. It seems to receive this de- signation, as being used in washing. In both these senses it corresponds to the first; properly signifying, the necessary apparatus for washing. 8. Materials of a composition ; transtferred to th^ mind. ' '' Virgillis saw is ar worth td put in Store;— Full riche tressoure thay bene & pretiiis graithe. Doug, firgil, Prul. 159. 28. A. S. ge-raede, phalerae, apparatus ; gcraeded horse, instructus equus ; Germ, geruth, geraete, goods, stutl', tackling. Wachter mentions gerade as an ancient word signifying, supellex uxoria, ar the paraphernalia belonging, to a wife : as rings, chains, bracelets, apparel, &c. S. Sjilcchrie, q. v. llcncc her-geraete, supellex castrcnsis, q. rear. graith. The word appears iu Su.G. and Isl. in the more pri- mitive form of rede, railhi, reidi; but in the same general sense; instrumentum, apparatus. Godrhaestr med enu bezta reidi ; a good horse with the best fur- niture; Knytl. S. p. 28. Var that skip alicad bait baethi at munum oc aullum rcida; navis bene ornata crat viris atque armamentis; the ship was wcil bodih baith with men and all kind oi graith ; Heims Kr. T. I. p. 653. Graithly, adv. 1. Readily. Than, with all our harnays, we Sail lak our way hamwart in by. .. ,,.i,. ,,.ii And we sail gyit he graithly, ' -it ioIVb .Invl Quhill we be out oft' thair dauttigdtyon'j \\\i^^ That lyis now enclossyt her. vd boif.oT Barbour, xix. 708. MS, : Readily, directly; or perhaps distinctly, as de». noting that they would have no difficulty in finding a safe way through the moss. Gtjit Mgni&e.B guided ; not, as ftir Ellis renders it, guise d f Spec. 1. 244i.'M 2. Eagerly. ■ "'"''■' J gryppit^raiY/i//*; tft6 ^il, ,MAiIO And every modywart hil.!. , Doug. Virgil, 239. bi>18*i : V. GHTfEPiT. GRAM, adj. Warlike ; superl. grahiesi'. Wrightis welterand doune treis, wit ye but weir, Ordanit hurdys ful hie in holtis sa haire ; For to greif thair [Ihir] gomys gramest that Wl", To gar the gayest oh grund gcayn'e nncKr gti'r. ' Gazi'dri and Got. ii. tS. This seems (o be only an oblique sense of the ori- ginal word, Su.G. Isl. Alem. Belg. grain, A. S. grume, iraXui. This transition is not unnatural; as we speak of the rage of battle. It has beeii thus used in Su.G, and Isl. grwn, homo ferax-; Then lede grain, hromo ille ferocissimus : Mot tho/it gram ziHir han offzseik ; contra talcm athletani i\l^ imbe- cillis erat ; rfist. AleJf. M. ap. Ihre, A.S. gram. tan, gfem-a, to be angry ; Sii.G. gram-ht, ifritare, Alem. grcrii-o, irrito. Perhaps vfe ought here to adyfert tb' GAAwtft 4 G Jl A OrKr, (O'rami/sdik, G..i-(li.) tlic Iradltionary naiin- i-ivi-n to (hi! wall of Aiiloniiiiis bi-twccii Forth aiul Clyde. IJut tlio reisoM uf the designation is biiriod ill ohsciirity. Tho iiloa, that it was thus dtiiiomi- ruled from a luii> of this name, who first broke throutth it (IJocth. cxx.\. /i.i.) is so puorile, as not t.>./flio erected it; and by the English and Scottish mIio live ill its neighbourhooJ, Grimhdilcc, which in their language, literally signifies, //»■ i:nU oJScvc- riis : for Hilli them Sevenis is reuilered Grim. Ha adds ; " ft must nevertheless be acknowledged, that other walls In England arc equally called Griniis- diies : but it may be considered that this is done im- properly, by borrowing the name of the most fa- mous wall." Introd. ad Fordun. Scotichron. p. 'ZS. This indeed seems to be the only reasonable con- jecture we can form, with respect to the reason of the name given to the wall of Antoninus. Severus, because of his victories, being much celebrated in IJritain, esjx-cially as he erected a wall of such ex- tent, af(er his name was given to this, it might natu- rally enough be transferred to that which had been reared by one of his predecessors in S. This idea is cOnHrnied by the circumstance of his name being Civcn to other walls which were not built by him. It has indeed of late been supposed, that even that wall in the North of England was not the work of this dniperur; but, we apprehend, without sulEcient reason. GRAM, r. ]. Wrath, anger. —Defend 1 suld be one of tho, Quhilk of their feid and malice never ho, Out on sxc,gram, I will have na repreif. Patice of Honour, ii. 25. i. e. " Fie on sjich wrath !" Chaucer, grume, id- A.S, Su.G. gram, id. hl.greme, or GoJa gremc, Deoruin ira ; Olai Lex. Run. V. the «s. Uis^s,^iiilgraema G R A .^ig, doierc ; whence Ital. gramo, O. Fc. grams, tris- tis, E. glim. GRAMARYE, s. Magic. Whale'er he did oi gramaryc, AVas always done maliciously. Lail uf the hi^t Minstrel, iii. 11. Dark was the vaulted room oi grumarye. To which the wizard led the gallant knight. Ibid. vi. 17. This is evidently from Fr. grammaire, grammar, as the vulgar formerly believed that the black art was seientilicatly taught ; and indeed ascribed a con- siderable degree of knowledge, especially in physics, and almost every thing pertaining to experimental philosophy, to magic. 1 (ind this term in what Bishop Percy views as a Legend of great antiquity. My mother was a wcsternc woman. And Icjiued \a gramurije. And nheii I learned at the bchole, Something she taught itt me. lieliijues Ant. E. Puctrtj, i. 56. The learned Editor gives materially the same view of the origin of the term. " In those dark and ig- norant ages, when it was thought a high degree of learning to be able to read and write, he who made a little farther progress in literature, might well pass for a conjurer or magician." Note, Ibid. p. 61. GRAMASHES, .f. Gaiters reaching to the knees ; sometimes applied to a kind of stock- ings worn instead of boots, S. ; commonly used in the pi. Gammashes, id, CI. Yorks. Dial. lie had on each leg a, grumufh, A toj) of lint for his panash. ColviV s 'Mock Poem, P. p. 14. Dight my boots ; For they are better than gramaxhes For one who through the dubbs so plashes. Ibid. p. 81. Fr. Germ, gamnche.f, geimafchen, id. These terms notwithstanding the change, arc certainly from the same source with Gamesons, q. v. GRAMMAW. V. Gormaw. GRAN ATE, Granit, adj. Ingrained, dyed in grain. Sync nixt hir raid in granule violat Twolf damisellis, ilk ane in thair cstait. Pulice of Honour, i. 11. This is the same with granit, Vlrg. 399. 20., ren- dered by Rudd. " of a scarlet or crimson colour." The colour here meant is violet. Fr. cngrene, id. Ital. gruna, the berry used for dyeing cloth of a scarlet colour. GRANDGORE, s. V. Glengore. GRANDSHER, s. Great-grandfather. " There is sundrie kindes of nativitie, or bon- dage ; for some arc born bond-men, or natiues of their gudsher, and grandsher, qiihom the Lord may challenge to be his naturall natiues, be names of their progonitours gif they be knawin : sic as the names of (he father, gudsher, a.nAgrundsher." Quon. Attach, c. 55. § 5. Avo, et jjroavo, avi, et proavi, Lat. G R A It seems to be still used in this sense in Moray, and probably in some other northern counties. His grunsher, his gutsher, his daddie, And mony ane mair o's forbeers, Had rented the farm already. Jamieson's Popiil. Ball. i. 202. GRANGE, J. 1. " Corn, farm, the buildings pertaining to a corn farm, particularly the gra- naries;" Gl. Sibb. The fomy riuer or fludc Brekis oner the bankis, on spait quhcn it is wod : — Qiihyll houssis and the flcikkvs (liltis away, The corne granges, and staiidjnd stakkys of hay. Dung. Virgil, bb. 38, i. e. " (he contcnis of the granaiics." 2. " Grange (Granagium) signifies the place where the rents and tithes of religious houses, which were ordinarily paid in grain, were de- livered and deposited in barns or granaries." Nimmo's Stirlingshire, p. 508, N. It confirms this account, that a number of places are called Granges, or the Granges of such a place, ■which seem to have been connected with religious houses. They could not have received their desig. nations from the primary use of the term, unless wo should suppose, what seems contrary to fact, (hat they had been the only places in the vicinity where barns or granaries were erected. I I. gra7igc, L. B. grang-ia, from Lat. gran- Hf.v, grain. GKA'N IT, part. ad/. Forked, or having^/w/w, S, This epithet is applied to Neptune's trident. Thus Neptune says concerning Eohis. He has na power nor aucthoryt^e On scyis, nor on the thre grant/ sceptour wand, Quhilk is by cut geuin me to here in hand. Doug. Virgil, 17. 23. V. Grain. GRANK, s. " 1 he groaning or howling of a wounded hart." Rudd. The dere so dedlie woundit, and so lan)e. Unto his kynd resett gan lleiug hame, — All blude besprent Avith mony grunk and gronc. . Doug. Virgil, 2^25. b. Perhaps it rather denotes a kiud of neighing ; from Teut. grenick-en, false ridere, ringcre ; gre- niit, risus equinus. GRANZEBENE, s. The Grampian moun- tains in S. " Tay risisfar beyond the niontanis of Gr«;jieSe«e fra Locii (ay, quhilk is. xxiii. mylis of lenth, and .X. mylis of breid." Bellend. Dcscr. Alb. c. 9. Bullet derives this word from Celtic gram or grant crooked, and ben mountain, because these mountains arc crooked. According to Baxter, q. Grunni coUes, from the ancient worship of Jpollo Grannius ; Gloss. JSlr Pink, says that " the Grampian hills seem to imply the hills of, uarriors ;" as, according to Torfaeus, " in the earliest times every indepen. dent loader was called Gram, and his soldiers Gram!' ;" Enquiry Hist. Scot. I. I 14. But I sus- pect tliat the Lat. term Grampius is a corruption, and that Granz-bcn is the true name. Bein, as s;g. G R A nifying a mountain, although perhaps radically a Celt, word, might be adopted by the Goths : for it is retained in the names of several places in Germa- ny. V. Wachter. Alight not the first syllable be from Su.G. graetii. Germ, grenze, limes? q. this mountains forming a boundary between the two great divisions of Scotland. Since writing this article, I have met with another etymon, which is left to the judgment of the reader. "■^Grampian, from Grant and Beinn. Grant like the «vo5 of the Greeks, has two opposite meanings. In some fragments ascribed to Ossian, it signifies beautiful. This meaning, now, is obsolete, and it signities deformed, ugly, &c. " The old Caledonians, as these mountains abound- ed in game, and connecting beauty with utility, might have given the name in the former sense. Mr Henry Saville, and i\Ir Lhiiyd, two eminent antil quaries, call them Grant Bcinn, from which comes the soft inflected Grampian of the Romans," t. Kirkmichael, Banlls. Statist. Ace. xii. 4'28. ' .'''" To GRAP, Grape, 1'. (J. a. To grope, to lian, die, S. They grap it, they grip it, it greets, k they grane. Polzcart, JVatson's Coll. iii. 21. Then first and foremost, thro' the kail. Their stocks maun a' be sought ance ; They steek their een, an gntip an' wale. For muckle anes and straight anes. Burns, iii. 126. 2. Metaph. to examine. Bot first I pray you grape the mater, clene, Reproche me not, quhill the werk.be ouerseue. Doug. Virgil, 12. 12. A. S. grap-ian, " — to feel, to handle, to grab or groap ;" Somner. GRAPPLING, a mode of catching salmon, S.. " In the Annan,. — there is a pool called the /Jocf- ho/e, — where incredible quantities of salmon are caught, by a new and singular mode of fishing, cal. led grappling. Three or four large hooks are tied together, in fUfferent directions, on a strong line, having a weight of lead sufficient to make it sink iniuiediafely as low as the person inclines,, and then by giving the rod a sudden jerk upward, the hooks are fixed into the salmon, which are thus dragged. (0 land by force." P. St. Mungo, Dunifr, Statist. Ace. xi. 384. 385. The same mode is observed in the Highlands, P. Kiltarlity, Invern. Ibid. xiii. 512. GRAPUS, s. A name for the devil, or for a; hobgoblin^ Ang. Su.G. grip-a, prehcndere, ov grahb-a, its deriv. arripere r The composite term Doolie. graphs is often used in the same sense. V. Doolik. GRASCHOWE-HEIDET, mlj. — Gryt graichoice-heidii gorge miflars — Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 10!). Not, as Mr. Pink, conjectures, from Go(h. gra~ selig, horribilis; but more probably froni Fr.grais. seux, greasy. To GRATHE, v. a. Tq. n^ake^readj:, V. Gr-uthe- c; 11 K ^JRATHING, Wall. ix. 115S, Perth. eiUt. read , <^r//^;^i', as in MS. V. Grl'cu. GKAU'MIii, HquUw, ii. 6. *-'., an error lor ., gratJi^j in MS., tiracious. Prccwus is afiervvaids .ri spelled in the same minnev, p'etius. r»R.\TNIZlKD,Wats.Coli.i.29.V.GourHERr). To GRAS.SIL, Grisski,, Girssil, v. n. lo ^' rustle, 10 make a rostling or crackling noise. •''"'• Soiv cflir this of iiiiMi tin; clamor rais, ■■' ' ThV^alimis, grasUUis, cabillis can frate and '■• friis. ^ ' Do:i;r. rn-fTll, 15. It. '■ "iiy Ihc iutcrpositioii of a comma, tliis is printed as ff it *crc a .c. /)/. But ihis must he a typographi- cal error ; as Riidd. explains the word as a :■. 1 have not heard the v. itself used, but frequent- ly its derivat. girsllin. " There was a girtlvi of Jn'ost this morning," S. This exactly corresponds to the use of the Fr. tJ greiM-, •" covered, or hpare, with rcemc." Grc^fl, " rceme, or the white frost that hangs on frees." Cotgr. The Fr. word, which the Editors of Diet. Trev. view as radically ihe same with ^/cj/f, i;n-/c, hail, may probably be Uomgriul anoldCellic word of the same meaning with rh>; latter. l-'r. grcsi/l.er, to crackle. This is perhaps radi- cally allied to A.S. /i?7.s7/.n«, crepitare, Su.G. /i;/vC- a, ri-i-a, fiuatere, primarily used to denote the tioisc made by the sij'i'iJug "iid friction of armour. V. Grissii.. GRAVIN, GftAWE,GRAwyN. V.GRAiF,'y. l. GRAUIS, J./>/. Groves. The rangi' and the fade on brcdc Dyunys throw ihc grains. , Doug. Virgil, 103. 50. A.S. g\ruf{ k\at. grttd-us is usid in all these senses, except the third and fourih ; which may be viewed as ob- lique uses of the word as applied in sense second. From the Lat. word Sw. grad and Tent, gracd, id. are immediately formed. GRECHES, ^r. Perhaps, frets, is irritated. Gawayn grcchcs therwith, and greved ful sare. Sir Gazca7i and Sir Gal. ii. 15. Fr. ^nwc/ie, sharp, prickling. 13ut I suspect it is (or griiches. V. (iuucil. GREDUR, s. Greediness. All hours ay, in hours ay, Expecting for thair pra3', With grcdur, but dredur, Awaiting in the way. Bitrel, Pilgr. Watson's Coll. ii. 39. To GREE, -v. n. To agree, to live in amity, S. My cousin Betty, whom ye ken and saw, And left ful! dowy down at Bonny-ha', Whan you come aff, sail yotir companion be, And like twa sisters ye w ill sort and gree. Ross's Helenore, p. 112. Fr. gre.ei-, to agree, to give consent unto, Teut. grey-en, greijd.en, gret-cn, placcre, gratum sive ac- ceptum esse. This has been viewed as allied to Lat. grat-ia ; but perhaps rather io Su.G. grid, A.S. grith, pax, foedus. It is indeed by no means im- probable, that the latter have the same origin with the Lat. term. To Gree, v. a. To reconcile parties at vari- ance, S. GREE, s. Tinge, dye ; juice for staining. The bonny bairn they in the hurry tint ; Our fouks came up and fand her in a glenf. 'Bout sax or seven she looked then to be : Her face was smcar'd with some dun colour'd gree. Ross's Helenore, p. 127. In some parts of Ang. gree denotes the ichor which oozes from a, sore in a brute animal. I G R E 'This word seems formed by the wrilcr, melri causa. GREEK, (of stones) s. The grain, the texture, or particular quality of one stone as distin- guished from another, S. " They [(he stone quarries] consist of 3 different kinds of stone, one of a bluish black colour, with a dnc^reet, capable of receiving a polish like mar- ble." P. Carnock, Fife, Statist. Ace. si. 483. Su.G. grj/t, which primarily signifies a stone, is used in the same sense with our greet. Thus, Kara "f ^"f'' i''"J/'5 is *"' expression used with respect to stones which are proper for the end in view. In the same sense we speak of a gut/e greek. To GREEN, V. n. To long. V. Grene. GREENBONE, s. l . The viviparous Blenny, a fish, Orkney. " The Viviparous Blenny, (blennius viviparus, Lin. Syst.) from the colour of the back-bone, has here got the name of grcen-l/one." Barry's Ork- ney, p. 391. 2. The Gar Pike or Sea-needle, Esox belone, Linn. " Acus altera major Bellonii : our fishers call it the Gar fish, it is sometimes an ell or more in langth, with a beak or neb eight inches long. Some call it the Grccn-boiie. Sibb. Fife, p. 127. It seems to receive this name from " the light green, which stains the back bone of this fish when boiled." V. Pennant's Zool. p. 274. GREEN BREESE, a stinking pool, BanfTs. GREEN LI NT WHITE, the Green finch, a bird, S. Loxia chloris, Linn. GREEN SLOKE, Oyster green, S. Ulva lactu- ca, Linn. GREGIOUN, f. A Grecian or Greek. Your hame passage by blude mon fuiulin be, And haue your asking bo deith of ane Grc. gioiin. Dong. Virgil, 42. 31. GREYD,/)w/./)a. Graduated; Wyntown. GREIF, s. 1. A fault, an offence. The bridill now refuse thay not to dre, — And to implore forgifnes of all grcif, Quyet and end of harmys and myscheif. Doug. Virgil, 463. 43. 2. Indignation for offences. Lerne for to drede gret Joue, and not gane- stand, And to fulfyl glaidly the Goddis command : And for thare^r«J wcle aucht we to be wer ; Sum tyme in ire will grow grete Jupiter. Doug. Virgil, 454. 28. Fr. grief, an injury. GREIF, Grieve, x. l. An overseer, a monitor. This awstrene ^rt'?/" answerit angirly, For thy cramping thow salt baith cruke aod cowre. Henrj/sone, Bannatyne Poems, p. 132. 2. Grieve still signifies the manager of any farm, or the overseer of any work ; as the roa4' grieve, he who has charge of making or mend- ing roads, S. *' A grieve (or overseer) has from L. 4 to L, 7, G 11 E besides his shoes." P. Duirnish, Sky, Statist. Ace. iv. 135. " A good grieve is better than an ill worker:" S. Prov. Kelly, p. 5. This word, al though sunk in its meaning in our couu.. try, had, and still has a very honourable acceptation on the continent. O.Teut.^;ac/, judex, praescs,praf- fectus. In composition it is equivalent to count ; comes ■ regulus. Hence thcGerm. titles, Landgrave,Margrave,' kc. This order has been inverted, according to Ihre, as to Su.G. graf. He observes, that although it prima, rily denoted a Count, it is now, after the example of the Germ., transferred to a praefect of any kind. A- lem. Grauu, L. B. Gruf.iui; Graph-ius, Grav.ius. INlany theories have been formed as to its origin. Kilian deduces it from graum, hoary, as corres- ponding to Lat. pater, senior, senator. But in A. S. the word occurs, not only in the form of^ gerefa, comes, j)racscs, but also of rcfa, as in Scj/re.refa, Hickes Gr. A.S, p. 136. VVhenco the modern term sheriff, and reeve, E. a steward. Hence it appears most probable, that ^ is merely the sign of the old prefix ge, MoesG. gu. Ihre thinks that the word in its simple form is derived from O. Goth, rcftca, argucrc, mulctare, whence raessa, punire ; all denoting the work of a judge. V. GuiEVE. f. To GREIN, V. n. To long. V, Grene. GREIS, s. pi. Greavss for the legs. Schir Golagros' mcry men, menskful of myght, Ingrcis, and garatouris, grathit full gay ; Sevync score of scheildis thai schew at ane siclit. Gaican am/ Gvl. it, 14. His leg harncs he clappyt on so clene, Pullane greis he braissit on full fast. mUlace, viii. 1200, MS. V. also Wynt. ix. 8. 131. Fr. greves, id. Garatouris probably denotes ar^i. mour for the thighs; Fr. girets, armour for the thighs of horses. To GREIT, Greyt, Gret, pron. greet, v. n. To weep, to cry, S. A. B6r. The tale when Rohand told, For sorwe he gan grete. Sir Tristrem, p. 42, — Ane of thaim, that fhar wes tane, That wes arayit jolyly, He saw grej/t wondre tendrely ; And askyt him quhy he maid sic cher. He said him, " Schyr, with owtyn wer, " It is Da wondyr thoucht I gret ; " I se fele her losyt the suet " The flour of all North Irland." Barbour, xvi. 228. 231. Gret, V. 231, seems the pret. ; Graf is used, S. And wae and sad fair Annie sat, And drearic was her sang ; And ever, as she sobb'd and grat, " Wac to the man that did the wrang !" yiinstrehij Border, ii. 120. Symon knew His welcome master : — round his knees he gat. Hang at bis coat, and syne for blythness^ra/. Ramsay's Poems^ ii. 143, 3 X ,W { Cr R E Kay deijvps the term from ltn\. griJarc, fo erf (ir weep. 13ut tills undoubtedly has a common ori- fiii with our word ; MocsG. grfit-aii, grcf-an, He- re ; iKigrct, weep not, Luke vii. I?,. Su.G.^/«e/- n, Isl. !;rtitil-(i, Precop. criil.cn, JJelg. krj/t-cn, Ilisp. gnd.ar, id. Lye renders gracd-an, clama- re. Here, and afterwards gives grml-an as synon. Uutiione of the authorities quoted by him support the latter sense. 1 liave not indeed met with any jiassage where it clearly admits this meaning. Wcp- an is still used, as far as 1 iiave observed, in the Version of the Gospels, where gnt-an -occurs in that of L'lphilas. A.S. irracd-an seems properly to denote the act of crying with a shrill voice. V. l,ve, Somner. O. K. grcffc seems properly to signify clamarc. It does not appear that U. Glouc. uses it in any other signili cation. These dcserites bi gonnc al on hym grcdc^ ' p. 85. Or, as it is in another MS. — — The disherites gonne on him io gredc. Ritson rendering n-;i. I'hc word is here written, like many others, according to the K. orthography. Awa, awa! the decl's o'crgrit wi' you. Ramsaj^'s Poems, ii. 1^0. (ircut, v.. occurs in the latter sense; but, accor- (ling to .lohns., " a low word," although used by Bacon. 1 am, however, inclined to think that the term, in this peculiar sieui*'ration, is not to be view, ed as the adj. great used improperly, but as immedi- ately formed from A. S. gritk, Isl. grid, pax ; A. S. ^rilh.inn, to agree, to be in a state of agreement, to enter into a league. This A.S. v. denotes the recon. cilialion of those who were formerly at variance : Sc Cling Mekobn eom and grithed niththone Cyng iVit- Iclm; " King Malcolm caiuc, and agreed," or " en- tered into a league with king William." Chrou. Sax. p. 181. 5. The heart is said to be grit, when one is readj to cry, at the point of weeping, S. But up and spak the gude Liiird's Jock, The best f.illa in a' the cum|ianie; •' Sit down thy ways a little while, Dickie, " And a piece o' tliy ain cow's hough I'll gie ye." But Dickie's heart it grew sae grit, That the ne'er a bit o't he dought to eat. Mimtrelsy Border, i. 161. Grit-hearted is used as an adj. in the same sense. The heart may in this sense be denominated greaty because it seems as if swelled by the force of passion. In O. K. the same idea is expressed in a similar manner. — ^^'s hcrt was so grel for ys fader dcth there, That he ne mygt glad be, ar he awreke were. R. Glouc. p. 135. GRIT, s. The grain of stones, S. " The face of the hill, which is called the Stony Fold, is covered with loose heaps of blue moor.stone, very hard, and of the tinest grit." P. Falkland, Fife, Statist. Ace. iv. 4.'J8. 'I liis word has formerly been used in E. *' But these stonis at Stonchcngc be all of one i^ri/l without chaunge of colour or vayne, & all of one facyon." Rastull, ap. R. Bruntic, Vref. Liv. GRYTH, s. Grace ; quarter in battle. On the our loft he slew son othir thre. J^ongaweill entry t, and als the maistir Blair; Thai gaitF no^c_y;/t to frek at thai fand thar. IVatluee, x. SSI'. MS. Crith, [leaec, O. E. So wele were tliei chastised, all come tille his grith, That the pes of the lond the sikered him a'rle with. R. Briinne, p. iA. GROATS, s. pi. Oats with the husks taken otr, S. This word is found in Ainsworth, as if E., but it is a provincial term. " Groats, oats liull'd, but unground. Glossary of Lancashire words. This word is derived from the Anglo-Saxon Grui, far." Brand's Popular Antiij;. p. 355. e R o Groats were formerly much used for thickening broth, S. Hence the S^. Prov. •' He kens his groats in other folks kail;" — '• spoken of those who are sharp and sagacious in knowing their own ;" Kelly,, p. 153. GROFE, Groufe. V. Grufe. GROFF, adj. l. Having harsh features, S. It is often applied to those who are much pitted with the small pox. In this sense it is nearly allied to E. gn/jf, sour of aspect. Su.G. gro/,, crassus. 2. Unpolished, rude, S. Now have ye heard the tragedy, Which though it be both groffaad rude, And of all eloquence denude ; Yet, Sirs, imbrace't as it were good^ For I took pains to mend it. Watson's Coll. i. 67. Tout, grqf, impolitus, rudis. 3. It is sometimes used in the sense of obscene, smutty, S. GROME, Groyme, Grume,j. i. A man. Sone thai can thame dres. Full glaid thai glyde m grumes uaagaist. King Hart, i. 23. It is also used by Harry the Minstrel, as gome, for a warrior. The worthi Scottis the dry land than has tayue, Apon the laift" fechtand full wondyr fast, And mony groi/me thai maid full sar agast. fVallacc, vi; 725. MS, 2. It occurs in the sense of paramour, lover. In May gois gentlewomen gyramer, In gardens grene i\\cir grumes to glade. Evergreen, ii. 180. st. 3. In O. E. tlie word came at length to signify a ser- vant. Every man shall take his dome^ As wele the mayster as the gromc. Goicer, C'onf. Am. Fol. 46. b. In the same manner, the distinctive name of our species partially sunk in its acceptation ; man, both in S. and E. being used for a vassal,, in latter times for a servant. The original word is Gome, q. v. The letter r has been inseTted only in S. and E. GROOSIE,. adf. Gross and squalid in appear- ance.. It especially regards the a>ipect, S. It seems doubtful whether this is the same with Belg. griij/-.!g, nasty, sluttish ; or ccumected with Groue, Gruusum, q. v. GROSE, s^ Style, mode of vvriting. Yit with thy leif, Virgil, to follow the, 1 watd into my vulgare ruTd\c grose. Write sura sauoring of thy I'^neadose. bong. Virgil, 3. 46. Fr. grusse, the ingrossment of an instrument, pleading, evidence, &c. Cotgr. To GROSE, -v. a. 1. To rub oiF the wiry edge of a tool ; as, to grose a mason's iron, to rub it on a stone till the sharp edge of it be taken ofF,. Loth. 2. Also used when one accidentally rubs off part G R O of one's skin, as, / have grosed the skin off" my thumb. Loth. CJROSET, Groser, Grosert, s. A goose- berry, S. — Right bauld ye set your nose out. As plump and gray as oine grozet. liurna. iii. 229. '' Groscrs, gooseberries ;" A. Bor. Gl. Grose. In Statist. Ace. XV. 8. N. itis derived from Gael. ^ro.««/(/. This, however, has most probably been formed from Ft. groseille, id. Junius thinks that the E. word is corr. from Su.G. knisbucr, uva crispa, q. curled, from the roughness of the coat of this kind of ber- ries ; Belg. kruj/sbesie, id. The S. term bears more evident marks of this alBnity. GROSSE. In grosse. For what we do presage is not in grosse. For we be brethren of the rosie cross ; "VVe have the mason- word and second sight, Things for to come we can foretell aright. Muses Threnodic, p. 81. Perhaps, at random, like things sold in gioss ; or, vain, foolish, from Vr. gros, gio.sse, rude, sottish. To GROUE, Growe, (pron. q. groo) i). n. 1. To shudder, to shiver, from cold, or any other cause, S. groose, Loth. To groiwae, A. Bor. ; to be chill before an ague-fit. Ray. 2. To be filled with terror. / grow, I am troubled, A. Bor. — Quhen wiwys wald childre ban, Thai wald rycht with an angry face Betech thaim to the blak Douglas. Throw liis gret worschip and bounte, Swa with his fayis dred wes he, That thaim grozcj/t to her his name. Barbour, xv. 511. MS. Ilk sowch of wynd, and euery quhisper now, And alkin sterage alTrayit, and causit^/o;:-, Both for my birdin and my litill niait. Doug. Virgil, 63. 7. Nunc omncs tcrrent aurac ; Virg, 3. To shrink back from any thing, to be relac tant. To James Lord of Dowglas thay the gre gave, To go with the Kingis hairt. Thairwith he nocht^ro;;.i7; Bot said to his Souerane, '•' So rac God save ! Your grcte giftis and grant ay gratius I fand j But now it moves all thir maist. That your hairt nobillest • To me is closit and. kest Throw your command." Houlaie, ii. 11. •i. To feel horror or abomination, S. At tresoun ^/-OiVi// he sa gretly, That na traytour mycht be him by, That he mycht wyt, that he ne suld be Weill punyst oil' his cruelte. Barbour, xx. 517. MS. Tent, grouzc-cn, Germ, grauw-en, Dan. gru-ef, Su.G. grufzc-a, horrere. Ihrc thinks, that as this word is propejly used when the hair bristks up, it may perhaps be formed from Isl. ru, hair, with g prefixed. There seems little reason to doubt that this G R IT is radically the same witli grise, S. and aggrixe, which in O. E. signifies to shudder; agrosc, shudder- ed, trembled, Chauctr. A. S. gris-iir, grislie, seems formed from the v. without the prefix. Grousum, arlj. 1. Frightful, horrible, S. 2. Used in a secondary sense to denote a person who is very uncomely, S. Groicsome, ugly, disagreeable, A. Bor. He taks a swirlie, auld mos's-oak, For some black, gronsumc carlin ; And loot a winze, an' drew a stroke, Till skin in blypes came haurlin All's nieves tliat night. Burns, iii. 13G. Germ, grausam, dreadful, ghastly. V. Groosik, Gruots. GROUP, s. The short-lived and disturbed sleep which one has during sickness, Ang. Loth. pron. griif, (as Gr. v.) S. sou^, synon. \i>\. gropin, sedatus, cessans? This h ord is pro- perly applied to what ceases to boil ; gmpn-a, de- ferbeo. Shall we suppose that it has been transfer. red to that transient cessation which one has from the feeling of pain or sickness ? Or perhajre allied to Alem. geruouuet, rested, from ruotc-on, qnicscere. To GROUK, (pron. grooi) v. n. To look over one with a watchful and apparently suspicious eye, Ang. From the sense in which \i is often used, as de- noting the watchfulness of a very niggardly "iutsoii, who is still afraid that any of his propm-ly be given away or carried off; it might seem allied to Su.Gi girug.as, avarum esse. Or, from the attitude refer- red to by this term, it may be merely Isl. icmlcva, curvarc; or gc and Su.G. raack-a, A. S. receun, (o reach, pret. rohf. The origin, however, is quite un- certain. To GROUNCH, Gruntch, v. n. l. To grunt, and " by a little stretch,'' according to Rudd., to dig like a sow. 2. To grudge, to grumble. The galyeard grume gruntchis, at gnmys he greiiis. Doug, f'irgil, 238. a. 38. Groitnciu- is given by Shirr, as a word still signi- fying, to murmur, to grudge, and as synon. with glunsvh ; Gl. S. B. IsX. gren-ia, grun.ia, ^\i.0.gri/mi.u, X.S.griin- an, Qc\g. grunn-en, ¥r. groign-cr, lUl. gnign-are, Lat. grunn-irc, Gr. y^v^-uv; Belg. grim-en, to whine, a frequentative from Teut. gri/n-cn, os dis- torqacTc ; Gctttu grunz-en, grunnire. V. Grunye. GROUNQIE-SWALLOW, j. Groundsel, an herl), S. Senccio vulgaris, Linn. GROUNDS, s.pl. The refuse of flax, left in dressing it. Loth. ; hackings, synon. S. B. GROZET-, s. A gooseberry. V. Groset. GROZLIN, part. adj. Breathing with diilicul- ty through the nose, Fife. GRU, .r- The crane, a Wrd: Thc^;« befoir me thair appeirs, Quhois legs were laug and syde. From the Sepfontrion quhilk rcteirs. G R U Into the winter tyde. Hurel's Pilirr. iVatson^s Coll. ii. 27. Fr. ^ri/e, ill. Lai.^rus. GKU, /. 1. A particle, an atom. No a gru of meal, not a particle of meal, S. 2. Applied mctaph. to the mind. He has na agru of sense, he has no understanding, S. A. S. .^r,oMs used in a similar sense; Nan grot andgites] iiiliil prorsus intclligentiae ; Boet. xli. 3. ap. Lye. I'erhaps this is from grut, far, pollis, q. a grain. Our term, however, may have been intro- duced from Gr. y^u, qiiicqnid minutura est. To GRUB, '<>. a. " To dress, or to prune," Rudd. Saturnc fleand his sonnis brand Taucht thame to grub the wynes, and al the art To ere, and saw the comes, and yoik the cart. Doug, yirgil, 475. 26. Perhaps rather to plant ; MoesG. grab.an, fode. re, pret. grob ; q. to plant by digging, and proper, ly preparing the ground ; Fland. grubb, fovea. To GRUCH, V. n. To grudge, to repine, Wynt. O. Vr. groiich-ier, id. Gruching, Growcii, (cb hard) s. Grudge, re- pining ; Rudd. Eftir souper Wallace baid thaim ga rest : My sell!' will walk, me think it may be best. As he comraaundyt, hat gruching thai haitTdon. Wallace, ix. 1158. MS. In the old edit, it is punted graithing; in that of Perth, grathiiig; which makes poor Harry speak nonsense, as transcribers and editors have often done. Than busk thai but blin ; inonye bewschcris Grailhis thame, but groisching, that gate for to gane. Uoulale, i. 12. MS. GRUFE, Groufe. On grou/e, flat, with the face towards the earth. Agruif, id. ile rnschis, plenyoand on woful manerc, And fcl on grouje abotie dsde Pallas bere. Doug. Virgil, 365. 46. lie hath marveile so long on groufe ye lie ; And saith, yonr bcdis beth to long soradele. Ilenriiaonc, Test. Crcneide, Chron. S.P. i. 168. By mistake it has been jiriiifed grose. Some borne on spears, by chance did swim a l.ind, And some lay swelling in the slykie sand : .igruif\a.y some, others with eyes to skyes. These yielding dying sobs, these niournfnll cryes. Muses- Threnodie, p. 112. Cri// seems to bo used cither as a f. signifying the belly, or rather as an adj. in the sense of ilat, Emare, V. 656. as Chancer uscs^ro/f. She was aferde of the see, And layde her ^/-u/ upon a tre, The chylde to her pappos. llition's E. M. Rom. ii. 231. Isl. grufc, gnifde, pronus et cernuus sum ; a gruf- wa, ccrnue, prone; ad liggia agriifu, in faciein et pectus ac ventrem prostratus cubare, (our very phrase, to Ij/ u-grufc.) Gr. yjvTo,-, iuQexus, recur, vus; G. Andr, p. 09. o n V The S. phrase, to lie on his grufe, might seem t« indicate that this term originally denoted the belly. But this is most probably an impropriety. It seems rather allied to Isl. groof, a pit, graf-a, pret. grof, to dig ; Belg. groef, a furrow ; especially as Isl. grujl signifies coeca palpatio eorum quae sunt humi; whence E. grubble, and Su.G. groeji.a, to creep groping one's way. Gruf£LYNGIs,Grulingis, adv. In a grovelling situation, lying flat. The quiet elosettys opnyt wyth ane reird, And we plat lay gruj'elyngis on the erd. Doug. Virgil, 70. 26. As he loutit our ane bra, His feit founderit hym fra. Schir Gologras graithly can ga Grulingis to erd. Gazaan and Got. it. 2. Isl. ^riy^anrf is used in a sense more allied to E. grubbling. Ad gangu grujiandr hendr epter noken ; Anceps, et suspensa manu, aliquid quaercre. To GRUGGLE, -v. a. To put any thing out of order by much handling, S. V. MisGRUGLE. GRUGOUS, adj. Grim. V. Gruous. GRUME, s. A man. V. Grome. GRUMMEL, s. Mud, dregs, sediment, Ang. " — Whether the wails, — which are strong, built with stone and lime at the least, — should be pulled downs and built with sand and grummell:^" Gods, croft's Paralogie, ap. Bp. of Galloway's Dikaiologic, p. 8^. " Let them be repaired, not with sand and grum. mell, of promiscualt regiment, these are weake de. fences for a besieged citie, but with cpiscopall autho- ritie." Bp. of Gall. Ibid. Isl. gorm, groml, nho grom.r, coenum, turbiJa ct fccosaaqua; G. Andr. p. 95. col. 1. Su.G.^/-«;n, grummcl, id. Ihre remarks that the Goths have left this word in Italy, as the inhabitants of that country call the dregs of wine_f;'o;;;ff. But his supposition, that E. drumlif is from the Su.G. word, by a change of g into (/, is not at all natural. Grumly, adj. Muddy, dreggy, Ang. Gumlie i& synon. S. Then down ye'll hurl, And d.^sh the^Mjn//e jaups up to the pouring skies. Burns, iii. 56. Su.G. grumlog, id. turbidus, faeculentus. V. the s. To GRUMPH, V. n. To grunt, to make a noise like a sow, S. Su.G. gryml-a, id. V. Groungh. GRUMrH, s. A grunt, S. Hence, gt-umphie, a name sometimes gi\'en by the vulgar to a sow, S. " Better t\\o\c a, grumpk than a sumph ;" Ram- say's S. Prov. p. 29. The meaning seems to be, that it is better to deal with a surly man, than with a blockhead. GRUNDIN, /)i^/-^ /a. Ground, whetted; old part, oi grind. All kynd dcfensis can Troianis prouide, '\\\Q grundin dartis lete flc doun thik fald. Doug. Virgil, 296. 18. G R U GRUNE, MS. grunye. Betwi.x Cornwall and Bretaynne He sayllyt ; and left the gruiii/e of Spaiuye Oa northallFhim ; and hold thair way Quhill to SaTill the Grauut cuin thai. Barbour, xx. 3'24. MS. In former edit, it is rendered the ground of Spain, i/ie. But the term seems to signify a cape or pro- montory, probably CapeFinisterre, or perhaps Cape St Vincent, as this must lie to the nortlnvard before one sailing from Britain can reach Seville. This may be Fr. groin, the snowt, used metaph. Isl. grauii, OS ct nasus. bourn proprie, G. Andr. ; also, gron, C. ^. groin, a beak or snout. A. ^ot. groijne, a swine's snout. This is only to suppose the same figure as in the use of A. S. nei>e, Su.C;. naes, the nose, for a promoutory. It may, however, signify coast; \i\. grunn, fundum aquae et maris, ubi non profundum. Savill the graunt, i. e. grand or great. GRUNYIE, s. 1. It is used in a ludicrous sense for the mouth, S. V. Rudd. vo. Grounchis. Fy, skowdert skin, thou art but skyre and skrumple; For he that rosted Lewrance had thy grunyie. Dunbar, Eiergreen, ii. 54. st. 10. V. IlusuiuN, 1. A grunt. Syne Sweirnes, at the secound bidding, Com lyk a sow out of a midding; Ful slepy was h\i gruni/ie. Dunbar, Bannalyne Puein^, p. 29. st. 7. The learned editor of these poems is mistaken in rendering it snout. As here used, it is evident that the word is immediately formed from Fr. grogn-er, to grunt. For the more remote origin, V. Gkune. GRUNTILL, Gruntle, s. i. The snout. Heir is a rcllik, — 'The grun/ill of Santt Ant5nis sow, Qubiik bare his haly bell. Lyndsay, Pink. S. P. R. ii. 69. 5. Used for the chin and parts adjoining ; or face in general, S. The gallows gapes after thy gracclcs gruntle. Dunbar, Evergreen, ii. 54. st. 10. May gravels round his blather wrench,— Wha twists bh gruntle wi' a glunch O' sour disdain. Burm, iii. 17. " Phiz," Gl. Isl. graun is used with great latitude; for the chin, the beard, the nose, and even the whole face; Verel. Ind. V. Guune. To GRUNTLE, v. n. A term used to denote the cheerful cooing made by infants when they are highly pleased, S. Evidently a deriv. from ^r!//;/, or Su. G.grynt-a, id. Gruntle, s. i. The sound made by infants, in- dicating satisfaction, q. a liule grorint, S. 2. A grunting sound of any kind, S. He was so blosie, some did think That he had got his morning drink. He threw a.griint/e, hands did fold, Sometimes on his Kane's head took hold. His clowdly brows, and frjzled hair, G It U Did tell he was thuart cross grain'd ware. Cleland's Poems, p. 92. Can lintic's music be compar'd Wi' gr unties frae the City Guard ? ^ Fcrgus.ion's Poems, ii. 34. ToGRUNTSCH. V. Grounch. GRUOUS, Grugous, s. Grim, grisly, S. B. " I believe gin ye had seen me than, (for it wat just i' the glomin) staakin about like a hallen-shaker, you wou'd hac tacn me for a water-wraith, or some gruous ghaist." Journal from London, p. 4. For Paris an' the grugous carls That sta' the wife come in. And gart me wish I were awa' While I had a hale skin. Poems in the Buehun Dialect, p. 21. From the same origin with Groue, v. GRUPE, s, A hollow or sewer made in a stable or cowhouse, behind the stalls of horses or cat- tle, for receiving theirdung and urine, S. A. Bor. A. S. groepe, a small ditch, Su.G. grop, id.- Teut. grippe, gruppe, groepe, groeve, sulcus; MoesG. groba, fovea; from A.. ^. grafw-an, Su.G. gratic-a. ^loeiG. grab-an, to dig. GliUPPIT, part. Strained, sprained, S. B, It seems formed from A. S. grip.au, to seize, t« grasp ; the cause being put for the cflect, a sprain be- ing often occasioned by overstretching. Somewhat in a similar manner Su.G. foerstraeck.a signifies to sprain, from/oe;-, denoting excess, and straeck.a, to stretch. To GRUSE, V. a- To press, to compress, Fife. Teu\.gruys.en, redigere in rudus, iicvm. grus-en,- contcrtre, coinminuere; from ^r«//.s-, saud, gravel. GRUSHIE, adj. " Thick, of thriving growth," Gl. Burns, Ayrs. The dearest comfort o' their lives, Their grushie weans an' faithfu' wives ; The prattling things are just their pride, That sweetens a' their fire-side. Burns, iii. (5. A\cm. gruoi, grozer, Germ, gross, Fr. gros, raag- nus; Teut. groofsch, gro/tsigh, amplus. Wachtcr seems to view Lat. crass.us as the -origin. Isl. graes, vir centaurus ; whence graess-legr, cyclopi- cus, belluinus et grandis ; G. Andr. p. 97. Olauj mentions O. Cimbr. gres as corresponding to Germ. gro\Sf- y^hencc grys.ij/dur, insigni robore praeditus, cjldur signifying strong; Lex. Run. Perhaps we may add Flandr. groae, vigor, incrcmentum, from leut. gruey-en, virere, virescerc, frondere, to graze. For grushie seems primarily to respect the growth of plants ; as Teut. grocn, viridis. (E. green,) proper- signilies that which is inn gruzcing state, being mere- ly the part. pr. for it is also written grocyende. GKUTTEN, part. pa. ■ Cried, wept, S. Dar'st thou of a' thy betters slighting speak, That have nae gruiten sae meikle, learning Greek .' Ramsay''s Poems, i. 3p4. V. Greit. To GRUZZLE, v. n. To use the mouth as children often do, who retain the custom of moving their lips as if they were still sucking, so as to articulate indistinctly, Loth. This might seem to be a deriv. from Gruse, v. as denoting the indistinctness of articulation, which pre- 3 Y G U D r.ecii> from rom; 7V«.wo» of the lips. But perliaps it U ralhi-r iillieil lo I'out. gnjs-cn, lingerc, os distor- qiiere, os dcpravare. GUBERT, aJj\ ■ Tliair gouiis wos gay, With fubf it warke iviocht wondrous sure, Purfilil with gold and silver pure. fValxoirs Coll. ii. 7. This may either signify, tasseled, or fenced like button-holes. Fr. giiipu7-c, a gross black thread, Hhipt about with sifk ; guipures d'or, golden and wreathed aglets or tags; Cotgr. This may be the origin of the name of that piece of mourning.dress called zceeperx. For it can scarcely be borrowed from the v. IVeep. Gubert is most probably the same with Goupheud, q. v. although in both places the precise- sense is uncertain. To GUCK, v. n. To trifle, to play the fool. Go, go, we naithing do bnt^tfc^v. Cherric and Slue, st. 51. Nugamur duntaxaf. Lat. Vers. Gcrm.^«K(./i, IMg. guj/ch, a fool; guj/gh-cn, ride- re, nugari, Kilian. ; geck.en, Su.G. geck.as, to play the fool. V. Gowk, 2. GuciciT, adj. Foolish ; giddy. V. Gowkit. GucKRiE, s. Foolishness. 1 trow that all the warld cvin Sail at your g'ickrie geek. Fhilot. S. P. liepr. iii. 39. GUD, ^. 1. Substance, goods. The ost was blitli, and in a gud estate, Na. |)0wer was at wald niak thaim debate. Grct ryches wan oil' gold and i^(/(/ thaim till. PVallacc, viii. 1160. MS. 2. Provisions. The power send thaim wyn and wenesoun, Reficschyt the ost with gud'm gret fusioiin. IVailace, viii. 1109. MS. A. S. Su.G. god bona, facultates, Isl. g/ucde, id. Germ, gut, quaevis posscssio raobilis et imiTiobilis. 'Vvut. goed not only signifies bona, facultates, but fni2;es, according to the second sense given above. GUD, GuDE,' a(ff. I. Good, in the general sense of the term, S. ■2. Brave, valiant. A knycht Schyrc Jhon cald Stryvelyne Wyth a welle gret mullylud Of manl3k men baihe stowt and gud, Past to the castell of Loch Lewyn. H'i/u/n:cn, viii. 29. 8. Schvr Willamc suythly the .Mowbray, That yharnyt to bo at assay, Wyth othirf«(/, went to the yhato. /c/i>ersil, dcdil putpcribiis, and assayit quhilk of'the croces war fynest mettell, quhilk staf was strongest and quhilk bearar could best defend his mais'tcris lireeminence ; and (hat thair sould be na supe. rioritic in that behalf, to the ground gangis bayth (he croces. And (han begane na littill fray • hot yil arairric game, for rocketis war rent, tippctis G U L Mar tome, crounnis war knypsit, and syd gonnis niycht have bein sein wantonelie wag frae the ae wall to the uther: Mony of thame lackit beirds, and that was the mair pietie, and thairfoir could not burkil uther be the byrss, as sura bauld men wald have done. Knox's Hist. p. 51. Gucksloun Glaikstoun, MS. II. This is one of those alliterative modes of expres- sion that were so much used by our ancestors. — Guckiton is evidently from^o;/e^-, goic/c, a fool, and Giaikston from glaiks, the unstable reflexion of the rays of light. The sense indeed is given simply in these words, a glorias fulle. GULE, adj. Yellow. V. Gool. To GULLER, "u. n. To make a noise, like wa- ter forcibl}^ issuing at Intervals through a nar- row opening, or as when one gargles the throat ; to guggle, S. biilkr., synon. From Sw. kolr-a, to guggle, ebnllicndo strcpitare, Sercn. vo. Guggle. I know not if kolr.a may be al. lied to gol, a whirlpool, g and k being very fre. quently interchanged ; or Isl. kolgu, lliictunm tu- mor algidus, as being a term originally expressive of the noise made by the waves, especially among the cavities of rocks. GULLY, GooLY, s. l. A large knife, S. A. Bor. Quoth some, who niaist had tint their aynds, — . Yon gully is nae mows. Ramsaij''s Poems, xi. 260. \lcncc to guide the guUtj, expl. " to behave cau. tiously," Gl. Ross. It properly signifies, to have the sujjreme management, S. ; sometimes simply, to ma. nage; the term iscll being conjoined to express ths idea of caution. But ye maun strive the gully well to guide. And daut the lassie sair, to gar her bide. Ross's Ilelenorc, p. 40. " Sticking gangs na by strength, but by right guiding of the gooly ;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 63. 2. A warlike weapon, S. B. The gentles clapjjed a' their hands ; An' cry'd- Ha, ha, ha, ha ! Ul}sses has the g'/Uics win, Well mat he bruik (hem a' ! Poems ill the Buchan Dialect, \i. 37. To GuLLiGAW, nj. a. To cut or wound with a knife, in a quarrel,' S. B. ivom. gully and gall, pron. gaw., to excoriate ; which Lye derives from Jr. gaillAm laedere, nocere ; Jun. Etym. GULLION, f. A tj^uagmire. Loth, gool, a ditch, Lincoln. Su.G.^op/, O. Germ, ^((^/f, palus, vorago, gur- ges. F,. gill)} Seems radically the same. GULP, s. A term applied to a big unweildy child, Anff. GULSCHY, adj. Gross, thick ; applied to the form of the body, Clydes. Perlia])s from Teut. gul^igh, voracious. GULSCHOCH, GuLSACH, s. The jaundice ; gulsach, Aberd. ; gulset, Ang. " 1 saw virmet, that vas gude for ane fcbil sto- niac, & sourakkis, that vas gude for the blue gul- 5 tippctis set.'' Compl. S. p, 104> G U ]\I The iliscase immediately referred to is what \Yt now call the black jaundice. " Ye ken well enough that I was ne'er very browden'd upo' swine's Hesh, sin my mither gae me a forlethie o't, 'at maist hae gi'en me the gitlsacli." Journal from Ijondon, p. 9. " In Galloway, and the west march of Scotland, it is commonly \nono\inccilgulfoch." Gl. Compl. Su.G. gu/sot, id. from giil yellow, and sot sick, ness. Sot is from MoesG. saulits, id. Belg. gecl- zuchf, Germ, gclbc siichf. This disease is in A. S. called gculit udl. ,\t tirst view one would render this, as Dr Leydcn has done, " yellow oi/," ibid. But aiU as Junius and others have observed, is undoubt- edly from A. S. cgl-aii, cgl-ian, dolero, " to feel ])ain or grief, to ajjlc," (Somncr.) corresponding to ^locsG. agio., afllictioncs, molestia ; and, according to Sercu., to Goth, id-a, timerc. A. S. udl, add, morbus, also, tabuni, seems to be still retained in E. addle, as primarily applied to unproductive eggs, and thence to empty brains. In Isl. this disease is simi)ly called ^«/«,- G. Audr. p. 99. This s. is used as an adj. by Dunbar. Thy gulschoch gane does on thy back it bind. Evergreen, ii. 68. st. 19. A mo.ith having a jaundiced appearance ; as equi. Talent to gale snout. V. Gule. GUM, s. 1. A mist, a vapour. -^ Aue schot wyndo unschet ane litel on char, Persauyt the niornyng bla, wan and liar, AVith cloudy ^«/« and rak ouerquhelmyt the are. Doug. Virgil, '202. 26. The gummis risis, doun fallis the donk rym. Ibid. 1 19. 35. Rudd. derives this from Lat. gumtni, E. gum. I hesitate much as to this etymon, although I cannot olfer a better one. 2. There is said to be a gum betwixt persons, ivhen there is some variance, S. This is probably a nietaph. application of the term as used in sense 1, q. a mist between them. GUMLY, adj. Muddy. V. Grumly. GUMPHIE, s. A foolish person, Ang. Isl. gunips, frustratio, clusio ; gumst-a, illuderc, lactare aliquem. Dan. kunne, a loggerhi-ad, a blockhead. It is singular, that several words of the same meaning have such similarity of sound ; as Siinif, Tumfie, q. v. GUMPLEFACED, adj. Having a dejected countenance, chopfallen, S. This can scarct'ly be deduced from Fr. govjle, swelled, because it rather suggests the idea of tlie contrary. It may bo allied to Isl. gejla. labium demissum, quale vetularum ; G. Andr. p. SO. ; or glinpna, glapna, contristari, dolere. Glupnett oc grimltt, facie torvo et truculcata; Edd. Verel. Ind. V Gr.oppE. GUMPTION, (pron. gumshiori) s. Common sense, understanding, S. Gawmtion or gump- tion, North umb. What tho' young empty airy sparks May have their critical remarks ; — 'Tis sraa' presumption. To say they're but unlearned clarks, 1 . G U R And want i\ie gumption . Hamilton, Ramsay's Poem;, ii. 336. Sometimes I think it rank presumption In me to claim the "Mu.?.ci' gumption. Rev. J. Nicol's Poems, i. 86. I had suspected that this word was allied to Isl. gaum, Su.G. gom, care, attention ; and find that Grose refers to a similar origin, guxi:m, to under, stand, A. Bor. Lancash. id. gaum/ess, senseless. Su.G. ^o/«.o, to give the mind to any thing. This word is very ancient, being evidently the same with MoesG. guum.jan, percipere ; luh ni gaumsaina. And not perceive, Mark iv. 12. Ilence A. S. gym- an, custodire, attente et cum cura scrvare. Alcm, cuum.un, goum-an, curare. The radical idea af. fixed to the MocsG. v. and retained in Isl., is that of seeing, videre ; Jun. Gl. Isl. gaume, prospec- to, G. Andr. Hence gaumgiacfne, consideratio, gaumg/cicfen, consideratus. V. I'umgu.mftion. GUNNER FLOOK, the Turbot ; Pleuronectes maximus, Linn. " Rhombus aciileatus Rondelefii : our fishers call it, the Gunner Fhok.'' Sibb. File, p. 119. GUNSTANE, s. A flint for a firelock or pis- tol, S. GURAN, J-. A sort of small boil, a tetter, S. Gael Ir. guiran, a pimple. Arm. gor, a pus- tule. To GURD, Gourd, v. n. To stop ; a term ap- plied to a body of running water. It is said to gourd, S. B., when it is stopped in its course by earth, ice, &c. (^uliat bcrn be thou in bed with hcde full of beis ; Graithit lyke sum knappare, and as thy grace gurdis Lurkand lyke ane longeoure ? Quod I, Loune, thon ieis. Doug. Virgil, 239. a. 25. The sense, however, is doubtful here. Doug, and Sibb. refer to Lat. ingurgiture, as the only pro- bable origin. But Skinner mentions^orrf as used bj one writer, and signifying a gathering of rain water, a torrent. He derives it from Fr. gourd or gourt, a torrent or vsliirlpool. To GURDE, V. a. To strike ; the same with gird. lie gurdes Schir Galeron groveling on gronde. Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. ii. 21. i. e. " strikes him do" n to the ground." GURDEN, V. 3 pi. Gird. Gawayn and Galeron ^wrrfe?; her stedcs, Al in gleteraud goldc gay was here gere. Sir Gazcan and Sir Gal. ii. 13. GURL, GOURL, GURLIE, GOURLIE, adj. 1. Bleak, stormy ; applied to the state of the air, S. " Rough, bitter, cold," Shirr. Gl. For^o«;-/ weddir growit beslis hare, The wynd maid waif the rede wede on the d) ke. Doug, i'irgil, 201. 8. The lift grew dark, and the wind blew Ijmd, And gurly grew the sea. Sir Patrick Spens, Minstrelsy Border, iii. 67, 2. Surly, applied to the aspect. Iberiiis with a gurlie nod Cryd Hogan, yes we ken your God^ G U S Its herrings ye adore. ['isiuii, Evergreen, i. ilS. st. 22. Riidd. ioi>jfctii rally dc-rivcs it from A. S. gore, »abiini, lutuni. Uul (hero is no alTiiiity. It might seem allii-d to Isl. hrollr, horror ex gi'Iii ct frigoro, from hri//lf. exhorreo ; G. Andr. p. 124. ; or to Ir. girle, giKihie, as signifying a storm; Lhuyd, to. 'J'einpeslan. But more probably, it is from the same origin with Tcut. jfw;//-, which Kiliau explains by the synonymes siier, acidiis, sour, and xfuer, tor- vus, Irux, austerus, ferox. Belg. giiiir, cold, bleak ; Giiiir iceer, cold wi-athcr. Gourlie would seem to be merely f«;//- with ///,• similis, affixed. GURR, s. A rou^h knotty stick or tree, Ang. This is perhaps allied to ^Vi.G. gnring, gorrtall, a )iine tree not fully grown, abies immatura, Ihre. GUSCH.\CH, J ^ The check of the guschach, the fireside, Aberd. V. Coutchack. GUSCHKT, s. 1. That part of armour anci- ently used, by which the armpit was defended. The tothir lied, and durst him noclit abide ; Bot a rycht straik Wallace him gat that tyd ; In at the gu^chet brymly he him bar. The grounden suerd throuch out his cost it schaj-. IVuUace, ii. 63. MS. Fr. goi/ssef, id. Hence E. gusset, often applied to that part of a shirt which goes under the arms. 2. The clock of a stocking, S. An' lirst o' hose I hae a fouth, Some frae the North, some frae the South, — ■ Wi' difl'erent clocks, but yet in truth We ca' it gushet. Forbes\s Shop Bill, Journal, p. 1 1 . GUSE, s. The long gut, or rectum, S. GU,SEHORN, GuissERN, s. The gizzard, S. Thy Gal and thy Guissern to gleds shall be given. Montgomerie, IVutsoii's Coll. iii. 14. Gkzern, Lincoln, from Fr. gener, id. GUSSIE, s. A designation given to a coarse lusty woman, S. Fr. gousse, stulfcd with eating : from gousse, the husk, pod, of pease, beans, &c. To GUST, GusTE, V. a. l. To taste, S. " 'I'hey are not reddie to taist or gustc the aill, sa oft as the browsters hes tunned it. They fill their bellies (thei/ //rink overmcikill) in the time of the taisting, swa that they tine and losse the discre- tion ofgusliiig or taisting." Chalm. Air,c. 6. § 2, 3. 2. To give a taste or relish to. Gust ijour gah zciih tliiit, Prov. phrase for, Please your i)alate with that, S. He's nae ill boden, That^UiYs his gab wi' oyster sauce, An' hen weel soden. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 20. To GcsT, V. n. 1. To try by the mouth, to eat, " Be thair bol ane beist or fowll that hes nochi giislil of this meit, the tod will cheis it out amang ane thousand." Bcllend. Descr. Alb. c. xi. Si qua non dcgustant, Boeth. 3. To taste, to have a relish of. " Toddis will eit na Hesche that gustis of thair awin kynd." Bclloud. Descr. Alb. ut sup. 4. To smell. ht GUT The Strang giestand ceder is al to schid. Doug. Virgil, 3G5. 10. " The vulgar in the North of Scotland frequent, ly confound these two senses, and use them promis- cuously ;" Rudd. 5. To learn from experience. " Having anis gusdt how gude tjsching is in drum, ly watteris, thay can be na maner leif the craft." — Buchanan's Admon. to Trew Lordis, p. 5. Lat. gust-are, Fr. gnust-er, ggut-er. It may be observed, however, that Isl. klaeda giistur, is ex- plained. Pro odore, attectu, &c. quemlibet con- comitante, which seems to "signify that it originally refers to smell ; as gus/ar is used with respect to the air, Spirat modicum ; G. Andr. Gust, s, A taste, a relish, S. " We smel with our neyse the sauoir of breid and wyne, we taist with our mouth the gust of brcid and wyne, — yit thair is na substance of breid and wyne in that sacrament." Abp. Ilaniiltoun's Gatc- chisme, Fol. 142, b. V. Gustard. GusTED, part. adj. Having a savour or relish. " The flesche of thir schcipe cannot be eaten be honest men for fatnesse, for ther is no liesche on thaim, bot all quhyte like tallone, and it is so very wyld gusted lykways." Monroe's Isles, p. 42. Gusty, adj. Savoury, S. The rantin Germans, Russians, and the Poles, Shall feed with pleasure on o\\t gwtij shoals. Ramsay' 9 Poems, i. 53. Fu' fat they are, and gusty gear. Ibid. ii. 353. V. Cur*. GUSTARD, s. The great bustard, Otis tarda, Linn. " Beside thir thre vncouth kynd of fowlis, is auc Tthir kynd of fowlis in the Mers mair vncouth, namit gustardis, als mekle as ane swan, bot in the colour of thair fcdderis and gust of thair flesche thay ar litil dift'erent fra ane pertrik." Bellend. Descr. Alb. c, 11. V. also Sibb. Scot. p. 16. 17. Bullet mentions this bird, but only in such terms as have been borrowed from Boece, who calls them gustardes. The name is probably a corr. of the Fr. name ostarde. V. Penn. Zool. I. 284.; and Tour in S. 1769, p. 52. N. GUT, s. The gout, S. — The Glengore, Gravel, and the Gut Montgomerie, fVaf son's Coll. iii. 13. GUSTY, ad/. A low word, signifying, glutton- ous, voracious, S. evidently from E. guts, pi. the intestines. To GUTTER, V. n. To do any thing in a dirty or slovenly way, Ang. apparently from Gut. ters, q. v. Gutters, s. pi. Mire, dirt, often used in pi. Hence the plirase, Axv gutters, bedaubed with mire, S. Sae smear'd wi' gutters was his bulk. He stinket in his hide ; Ere 1 to him my shoulder got, My back-bane links were sey'd. Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 28. V. Plouter, ,?. There, swankies young, in braw braid claith, H A A Are springin' o'er the gutters. Burns, lii. 3. This may be merely a secondary use of E. gutter, a passage for water ; which Junius traces to Cimbr. gautur, aquae effluxus. But as Su.G. gj/tfia denotes mire, especially what remains after a flood, the S. ■word may probably have the same origin. A. S. gi/te signifies a flood ; gyt-an, to pour. The for. inerj however, is more probable. H A B GUTTERV, adj. Miry, dirty ; as, a guttery road, a way covered with mire, S. GUTTY, adj. Thick, gross; applied both to persons and things, S. This seems primarily to have been applied to per- sons of a corpulent habit, from E. gut, used in the pi. for the belly, S. H. HAAF,Ha.af, Haaf-fishiNG, j. The termused to denote the fishing of ling, cod, andtirek, Shetl. " Many persons now alive remember when there was not one six-oared boat in the ministry ; and the first master of a boat to the Ila-af, or ling fishing, from Sansting, is now alive." P. Aithsting, Statist. Ace. vii. 593. " Teind has always been exigible on the produce of the haaf fishing. This haaf fishing (as the word haaf, or distant sea, implies,) is carried on at the distance of from 25 to 30 miles from land." Neill's Tour, p. 107. Hence, To go to haaf or haaves, in Orknej', signifies, to go out to the main sea ; this being the sense of haaf; Isl. Su.G. haf, marc, oceanus. The phraseology, used on the E. coast, is perfect- ly analogous. The cod and ling-fishing " is call. cd the out seujishing, from the fishing gcounil lying at the distance of 40 or 50 miles from shore." P. Benholu)e, Kincard. Statist. Ace. xv. 230. Haaf-fish, s. The Great Seal, Phoca barbata, Shetl. Sekhy is the name of the Common ■ Seal, Phoca Vitulina. HAAFLANG,^./;". Half-grown, V. Halflin. HAAR, s. 1. a fog. Sea haar, a chilly, pierc- ing fog or mist arising from the sea, S. 2. A chill easterly wind, S. " In the months of April and May, easterly winds, commonly called ilaurs, usually blow with great violence, especially in the af lernoous, and coming up the narrow Frith, are exceedingly penetrating." Nirarao's Stirlingshire, p. 438. " In common wilhall the eastern part of the island, this parish is well acquainted with the cold damp easterly' winds, or haars of April and May. These haars sckloni fail to affect those who have ever had an ague." P. St Andrew's, Fife, Statist. Ace. siii. 197. Skinner mentions a sea harr as a phrase used on the coast, Lincoln.; he expl. it, tempestas a mari ingrucns. jMost probably it had originally the same sense with our term ; which seems radically the same wilh Hair, adj. q. v. ToHAAVE, Ti. «. To fish with a pock-net, Bord. involuere. " A second mode of fishing, called haaving ov hauling, is standing in the stream, either at the flow- ing or ebbing of the tide, with a pock net fixed to a kind of frame, consisting of a beam, 12 or 14 feet long, having three small sticks or rungs fixed into it. — When ever a fish strikes against the net, they, by means of the middle rung, instantly haul up the mouth of the net above water," &c. P. Dornock, Dumfries, Statist. Ace. ii. 16. This is evidently from Su.G. haaf, funda, rete mi. nus, ex pertica suspensum, quo ex aqua pisces tollun. tur. Ihre jiroperly derives it from haefts-a, tollere, le. vare, to heave, because by means of it the fish are lift- ed above water ; Dan. huav, a bow net. It is singular, that to denote this mode of fishing, we should use the same phraseology with the Northern nations, as well as with respect to the Leister, q. v. Isl. haaf-r de. notes a drag-net ; sagena, G. Andr. p. 103. To HABBER, -j. n. To stutter, to stammer, S. Belg. haper-en. Germ, hapern, id. Teut. haper- en 7net de tonge, haesitare lingua, titubare; Kilian. In Sw. it is happla. Habb£RGAW, s. 1. Hesitation, suspence, S.B. 2. An objection, S. B. From Habber, v. and Isl. galle, vitium, defectus. V. Weathergaic. Some derive Belg. haper-en, from Isl. hap-a, to draw back, because he who hesitates retraces his former footsteps. HABBIE, adj. Stiff in motion. Loth, perhaps in alinsion to the motion of a hobby-horse. To HABBLE, -v. n. 1. To snap at any thing, as a dog does, S. 2. It is also used to denote the growling noise made by a dog when eating voraciously, S. Belg. hupp-en, to snatch, Teut. habb-en emle snabb-en, captare, captitar*. Hence, Habble, s. The act of snapping, S. To Habble, -j. n. 1. To stutter, S. V". Habber. 2. To speak or act confusedly. To habble a lesson, to say it confusedly, S. Habble, Hobble,j-. A difficulty, a perplexity, S. Fland. hobbei) nodus ; hobbel-en, in nodi formaa 3 Z n A c HABBLIE, adj. Having big bones, ill set ; a term still applied to cattle, S. HABIL, H.MiLE, adj. 1. Fit, qualified, S. To dial, baith curias and luunand He wcs, bath habyl and avenand. iy,/n(o:iii, ix. 26. 78. " But if only one goes, lie'is entitled by use and wont, and writing.-, explanatory of the will, without any eomiietition to the benelit of this legacy ; if found liaOile or lit for being received at a college, and if atletled by liic parson of Mortlach." P. Mort- laeh. Statist'. .\ce. xvii. 433. 2. Prone, disposed to. Be na dain^er, for this daingeir Of )ow be tane an ill consait, 'J'hat ye ar liaOill to waist geir. Maitland Poems, p. 329. 3. It seems frequently used in the common sense of modern ahk. " Swathe conimandimcntis of the kirk ami al vthir hiear poweris ar noclit allanerlic ordanit for thanic self, hot rather to geue men occasioun to be the tnair habi)l to kcip the command of God." Kennedy, Coniniendatar of Crosraguell, p. 71. ylbill is also used as synon. with hahil, fit. Was ncuer yit na wretclie to honour ubill. Ljjmhajj's Waikis, 1592. p. 258. 4. Liable, exposed. — Like to the bird that fed is on the nest, Aud can not llee, of wit wayke and unstable, To fortune both and to infortune liable. King's Quair, i. 14. Lat. habil-is, Fr. habile. f Hable, v. a. To enable, to make fit. Than wold I pray his blissful grace benigne, To liable ine unto his service dignc. King's Quair, ii. 20. V. the adj. HABIRIHONE, s. A habergeon. To me he gaif ane thik clowtit habirihone, Ane Ihrynfald hawbrek was all gold begone. Dulll;. i ilgil, 83. 50. V. AWBYKCHOWN'E. HABITAKLE, u A habitation. — Thay hauo of Sanctis hubiiakle. To Simon Magus maid ane tabernaklc. Ljjmhaj's fVarkis, 1592, p. 142. Lit. habitucul-uin. To HABOUND, v. n. l. To abound. 'J. To increase in size. — Hir figure sa grisly grete haboundis, Wylh giouraud ene byrnand of llambis blak. Doug. Virgil, 222. 46. Hence haboKiidand, abounding ; haboiciidans, a- bundance, Wyntown. HACE, Hais, adj. Hoarse. Quha can not hald thare pcce ar frc to flite, Chide quhill thare hedis rilVe, and hals worthe hace. Doug. Virgil, Prol. 66. 29. A. S. Isl. has, Su.G. hues, hes, Belg. hesch, Germ. hrisih. id. V. Hkks. HACHART, s. A cougher. Ane was ane hair hachart, that hostit out fleume. Maitland Poems, p. 54. In edit. 1508, it is hogcart ; perhaps an crrat. Probably from H\ugh, v. q. \. HAD HACHES, s. pi. Racks for holding hajr. His stedc was stabled, and led to the sialic, Hay hortcly he had in haches on hight. Sir Gaicun and Sir Gul. ii. 9. V". Hack, 1. HACK, Hake, Heck, Hek, s. X. A rack for cattle to feed at, S. Lincoln. To live at had; and manger, S. Prov. to liveingresi fullness. V. IlAciits. At hack and manger Jean and ye sail live. Of what ye like with power to tak or give. Ross's llelenore, p. 113. — From him they took his good steed, And to his stable could hiiii lead, To hecks full of corn mid hay. Sir Egeir, p. 36, I haif ane helter, and eik ane hci. Uannattjne Poems^ p. 159. st. 7. Skinner and Ray have derived tl^is from A. S. he^ge, haege, septs, or haeca, Belg. heck, pessulus, rcpaguliMii. But Su.G. hueck exactly corresponds; loc'.is supra praesepe, ubi foenum equis appouitur; Hire. The cognate Belg. word is hek, rails, inclo- surc. 2. A wooden frame, suspended from the roof, containing different shelves, fordryingcheeseSjS. A hate was frae the rigging hanging fu' Of quarter kebbocks, tightly made and new. Ross's llelenore, p. 77. HACK, s. Muck-hack, a dung-fork with two prongs shaped like a hoe, formerly used for cutting what was called muck-fail, when thrown into the dunghill, Ang. Hack, a pick-ax, A. Bor. Isl. Itiuck-a, caedo, hiack, frequcns et lentus ictus. To this day, Sw. traugards-hacka signifies a hoc, and haek-a up, to hoe; Dan. hakke, a mattock, a pick- ax. E. hoc, although immediately from Fr. houe, might seem originally allied to Isl. hogg-va, Su.G. hugg-a, cacdere, imperf. hio. HACK, s. A chop, a crack or cleft in the hands or feet, as the effect of severe cold or drought, S. Hence the hands or feet, when chopped, are said to be hackit. From Isl. hiack-a, Su.G. hack-a, to chop, in the same manner as the E. word is used in this sense. HACKSTOCK, s. A chopping-block, or block on which flesh, wood, &c. are hacked, S. Germ, hnckstock, id. HACSHE, s. Ache, pain. Ane hacshe hes happenit hastelie at my hairt rute. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 52. A. S. aece, Isl. ecte, eckr, dolor. HADDYR, Hadder, s. Heath, ling. Erica vul- garis, Linn. ; heather, S. hadder, A. Bor. In heich haddijr Wallace and thai can twyn. Throuch that dounwith to Forth sadly he soucht. Wallace, t. 300. MS. i. e. high or tall heath ; in Perth edit, incorrectlj heith haddyr. " In Scotland ar mony mure cokis and hennis, quhilk etis nocht bot seid or croppis of hadder." Bellend. Descr. Alb. c. 11. MoesG. haithjo, ager, huithimsk, gilvestris ; Isl. >1 A F heide, silva, tesqiia. Su.G. lied, solum incultum, Germ, heide, solifiido, also, erica. It is strange that Dr Johns, should refer to Lat. erica, as if it could have been the origin of E. heath. HADDER AND PELTER, a flail, Dunifr. This designation seems descriptive of both parts of the instrument. The hadder, or haldvr, is that part which the thrasher la^-s hold of j the jieller, that which is employed for striking the corn. HADDIES COG, a measure formerly used for meting out the meal appropriated for supper to the servants, Ang. It contained the fourth part of a peck. Perhaps from A. S. Su.G. had, Alom. hei(, a per- son ; as beiug originally used to denote the portion allotted to an individual. V. Cog. To HAE, V. a. To have ; commonly used for have, S. But we hae all her country's fead to byde, Ross's Helcnorc, p. 89. V. IIaif. Hae, s. Property, possessions, Aberd. Belg. have. Germ, hubc, Su.G. hacfd; all from. the verb signifving to have. HAFF-MERK MARRIAGE, or BRIDAL, a clandestine marriage, S. 1 carcna by, Tho' I try my luck with thee. Since ye arc content to tye The huff murk bridal band wi' me. Ramsajj's Poems, i. 309. To gae to the half-mark kirk, to go to be married clandestinely. The name seems to have arisen from the price of the ceremony. HAFFIT, Haffat, Halffet, s. The side of the head -, pi. haffits, the temples, S. It has been defined, perhaps more strictly, " the part of the face between the cheek and the ear, and downward to the turn of the jaw ;" Gl. Mary Stewart, Hist. Drama. " lie had nothing on liis head, but sjdc red yel- low hair behind, and on his ha^ljits, which wan down to his shoulders; but his forehead was bald and bare." Pitscottic, p. 111. And down thair huffats hang anew Of rubies red and saphirs blew. Burel, I fat son's Coll. ii. Ik . Her hand she had upon her haffat laid. Ross's lIele?iore, p. 27. — Ener in ane his bos hclnie rang and soundit,. Clynkand about his hallfettis with ane dyn. bong. Virgil, 307. 28. Of roses I will weave To her a llowery crown ; All other cares I'll leave, And busk her h(t[fets round. Ross's lleleiiorc, p. 117. *' I'll take my hand from your haffet;" S. I'rov. Kelly, p. 3i;6. i. e. I will give you a blow on the cheek. This is viewed by Rudd. q. half-head. I have been apt to tliink that it was merely A. S. hcajud, caput, which in latter times, when going into desue. tude, mi,jht have beea used, in an oblique sense. But I find that the former etymon is confirmed by the II A G use of A. S. healf.heafod, in the sense of semicrani- um, sinciput, and of healfes heafdes ece for the me- grim, q. the half. head or haffat ache. WoesG. haubith, Su.G. hufmid, Jsl. haufud, ho- fiid, the head. HAFLES, adj. Poor, destitute. Quhen ilka thing hes the awin, suthly we se. Thy nakit corss bot of clay and foule carion, Ilatit, and hafles; quhalrof art thow he ? lloulute, iii. 27. MS. A. S. hnfen-leas, inops, literally, loose from ha- ving, or without possession; Ah'm. habelos, Bel"-. havelos, id. A. S. harfen-least, Su.G. haftoandsloesl,. egestas, pauperlas. HAFT, s. Dwelling, place of residence. Tc change the hajt, to remove from one place to another, S. B. Now, loving friends, I have you left, You know I neither stole nor reft, But when I found myself infeft In a young Jack, \ did resolve to change the haft For that mistake. Forbes's Dominie Dcpos'd, p. 40. Su.G. haefd, possessio, from haefd-a, a frequenta- tive from haftca, habere; Isl. hi^'d-a, usucapcre. To HAG, v.a. 1. To cut, to hew ; had, E. ls,l. hogg-uu, Su.G. hugg-u, id. Isl. hoegg, verber. 2. Moss-ground that has formerly been broken up ; a pit, or break in a moss, S. " The face of the hill is somewhat broken with craigs and glens ; the summit and back part is a deep muir ground, interspersed with moss hags." P*. Campsie, Sfirlings. Statist. Ace. xv. 317. N. He led a small and shaggy nag. That through a bog from h//g to hug. Could bound like any Bilhopc stag. Laj/ of the Last Minstrel, C. iv. s(. 5. There is no alTinity to Teut. ghehecht, lignetura sepibus circumscriptum, to which Sibb. refers. Both are from tho v. denoting the act of cutting. The word, in sense 2., might indeed be traced to Isl. hogg, hio, as applicable to the yawning of a pit. Hag, J-. A term often used in public adver- tisements, to denote one cuttinsf or fellins' of a certam quantity of copse wood, S. " They [the oak wood'*] are of such extent as to admit of their being pro|)eily divided info 20 sepa- rate hags or parts, one of which may be cut every year." P. Luss, Uunbartons. Safist. Ace. xvii. 24-i. " There is to be exposed to sale by public roup, a hag of wood, consisting of oak, beech, and birch, all in one lot." Edin. Even. Courant, March 26. 1803. Sw . hijgge, felling of trees. HAGABAG, s. l. Coarse table-linen ; proper- ly, cloth made wholly of tow for the use of the kitchen, S. B. Clean hagabug I'll spread upon his board, And serve him with the best we can alford. Rumsoij's Poems, ii. 8-k 2. Refuse of any kind, S. B. Perhaps from Tcut. /uir/e, the last, always used as 3Z 2. HAG denoting somctliing of inferior qualify; or hiij;cke, a cloak. For it sceins orii^iiially thu same M'ith E. huclxa/iiiLk. althoujjh dilli-rontly tlefiiifil. HAGBERRY, HACK-nERRY, s. The Bird- chcny, S. In Ang. pron. hack-hetry. "• Willi fruits arc here in great ahuiidaiu-e, sticli as crab.a|iplcs, hazlc-niits, goeiis, bird-clierry, called hetf hugberri/. — The fruit of the bird-cherry (primus pudiis), or the bark in winter, is an excellent astrin. cent, and a specific in Diarrhoeas and llii.xes. The disease common to cows in .tome pastures, called the muur-ill, is cured by it." P. Lanark, Statist. Ace. XV. 2.5. " Prunns paihis. Bird-cherry. Anglis. Jlcg- berrh'.f. Scotis." Lighlfoot, p. 253. "On the banks of the Liinan, there is a shrub here called the haik.herrii (prumis padiis) that car- ries l)eau(ifiil (lowers, which are succeeded by a clus- ter of tine blackberries ; they are sweet and luscious to the taste, but their particular qualities are not known." P. Clunie, Perths. Statist. Ace. ix. 239. It is singular that the E. name should be a transla. tion of the Sw. one of Prunus avium. Fogclbaci\ q. the Fowl-berry ; and ours the very desiffnation given in Sw. to the Padus, — liueg ; Linn. Fl. Suec. N° 431. Haeggcbaer, the fruit of bird's cherry; AVideg. know. I not, if the name refers to haegd, /irt^c, a hedge ; ot to hage, a field, a pasture. The account given of it by Linn, might agree to either. For he says, it is an inhabitant of villages and fields. HAGBUT of CROCHE, or CROCHERT, a kind of fire-arms anciently used. " Mak rcddy your cannons, — bersis, doggis, doubil bcrsis, hagbutis of croche, half Af/f^/i, culue. rcnis, ande hail schot." Compl. S. p. 64. " Kueric landed man — sail hauc ane haghute oj found, callit hugbute of crochert, with thair calmes, buUctis, and pellokis of Icid or irne." Acts J. V. 1540. c. 73. I'ldit. 1566. c. 94. Murray. Fr. arquebus a croc ; Cil. (]ompl. But the term is more nearly allied to O. Fland. haeci-biij/se, O. Fr, hficfjiibii/e, sclopus. This is said by Cotgr. to be somewhat bigger than a musket. Croc denotes the gra])plc or hook, by means of which the arqucbusc was fixed to a kind of tripod or small carriage. Fr. crochet, corr. to crocherl, also signifies a hook or drag. " It api)ears to mc," says Grose, '< that these cuWcrincs or hand canons, \vhich were fixed on little carriages, w ere what we now call the arquebus a croc (arquebus with a hook) or something very like it. They were since called the arquebus with a hook, on account of a little hook, cast with the piece; they arc placed on a kind of tripod, — are of different lengths, and for caliber, between the smallest canons and the musket; they are used in the lower tlanks, and in towers pierced with loop-holes, called mur- derer!. A long tune after the name of arquebus was give n to a fire-arm, the barrel of which was mounted on a stock, having a butt for presenting and taking aim : This was at the soonest about the end of the reign of Louis XII. it became in time the ordinary piece borne by the soldicre." Hist. En. 7'i. This woid seems to have been jirimarily applied to the care taken of ono's property, by securing it ag:unst the inroads of beasts ; from Su.G. hucgn- (t,. Teut. hi-yn.en, B.lg. bc-hejjn-en, to inclose with a hedge. Accordingly, to hain, is to shut up };rass land from stock ; C; louc. What is parsimony, but the care taken to hedge \\\ one's substance ? It might indeed tjc traced to A. S. heaii, pauper, huinilis, hoitlli, penuria, res angusta. But the for- mer •■(\inon is preferable. V. Hani te. To Haiw, Hane, v. u. To be penurious, S. Poor is that mind, ay discontent. That eaiina use what God has lent ; Hn( envious giins at a' he sees, That arc a crown richer than he's ; Which gars him pitifully hunc. And hell's ase-middins iake for gain; Ramsaj/'s Works, ii. 385. Haining. V. Haning. To HAINGLE, v. «, i. To go about in a feeble ii A 1 and languid way, as one does who is only re- covering from disease, S. 2. To hang about in a trilling manner, to dangle, S. This, in the first, which seems the proper sense, is merely a Sw. word; hucngl-u, to languish. Han gaer ock haeiiglur, he goes languishing about ; Wi- deg. Hence, Haingles, J. />/. 1. The expressive designation given to the Influenza, Ang. ; perhaps from Jjangiiig so long about those who are afflicted with it, often without positively assuming the form of a disease ; or from the feebleness in- duced by it. 2. To hae the haingles^ to be in a state of ennui, Ang. HAIP, s. A sloven, Ang. Fife. She jaw'd them, misca'd them, For clashin' clackin haips. A. Douglases Poems, p. 125. It sometimes simply denotes slothfulncss ; at other limes, unwcildiness of size conjoined with this. Shall we view it as merely an oblique sense of E. hj;up cumulus, S. B. pron. haip ; or as allied to Teut. hoppe, obscoena, spurca mulier ? HAIR, s. A very small portion or quantity; as, a hair of meal^ a few grains, S. V. Pickle, sense 1. HAIR, Har, Hare, adj. i. Cold, nipping. And with that wird intill a corf he crap, Fra hair weddir, and frosfis, him to hap. ITcnrjjsone, Bannaiijnc Poems, p. 114, st. 21.. Ane schot wyndo unschot ane litel on char, Persauyt the mornjng bla, wan and har. Duug. Virgil, Prol. 202, 25. Tt is surprising that Rudd. should attempt to trace this word to E. harsh, Gr. xHi'^^ incultus, C. B. garro, or to Ir. ^^/-^ asper, v.lieu the 4-. occurs pre- cisely in the sense in which the adj. is used by Dou"-. Ilacre, vrens pruina, urcns frigore ventns, adurens frigus, golida aura: Kilian. V. IIaar. 2. Metaph. keen, biting, severe, \'c think my harrand soTiC thing har. Monlgumeric.. V. IIakra.vd. 3. Moist, damp. This sense remains in hair- mould, a name given to that kind of mouldiness which appears on bread, &.c. and iu hayr rym^ hoar frost. " The hayr rijm is. ane cald den, the quhilk fallis in niysty vapours, and syne it fresis on the cird." Compl. S, p. 91. 92. With frostis hare ouerfret the fcildis standis. Doug. I'irgil, Prol. 200. 47. My hair-muuld nn\k would poison dogs. Fergitsson's Poems, ii. 3. Hair. mould K also uscdas a .s. It is doubtful whether this or that of co/^', nip. ping, be the primary sense. Perhaps the latter ; be- cause the moistness, vilh which the chill air is till- ed, in what we call a haar, produces the hoary appearance of the earth ; mouldiness also proceeds from dampness. The word, in sense 3. immediately corresponds to Isl. hur, mucor. 4. Harsh, ungrateful to the ear. Thy cristal eyen myngit witli bind I mak^ H A I HAL Thy Toce so clere, unplesaunt, hare and hace. Heiirj/sone's Test. Crescide, Chroii. S. P. i. 167. 5. Hoary, with age. — His figure changcit that tymc as he wald, In likoncs of aue Bales haic ami aid. Doug. I'irgil, 300. 55. Rudd. views this as a dlli'crcnt word from that which occurs in sense 1. But if the term., as denot- ing moisture, be radically the same with that used in the sense of cold, nipping, it must be also the same as signifying huurij. Junius, accordingly, de- rives Isl. hur, canus, from hor, mucor. Thus, the term as applied to the head, is borrowed from the appearance of nature, when it often assumes the badge of that dreary season, which bears a striking analogy to the decay of human life. That gars me oftsyis sich full sair ; And walk amang the holtis /;«//■, Within the woddis wyld. Maitlanil Poems, p. 205. Mr Pink, renders hair high, from Isl. haur, al- ius. But if holtis signify groves, as in E. perhaps hair should be cxpl. hourjj. Thus A. S. of c/ij'e ha- rum, de clivis canis ; Boet. Consol. p. 155. This sense, how ever, of holtis, causes rather a re- dundancy ; x£oddis being so nearly allied. As the poet speaks of ici/ld woods, holtis may denote rough places, from Isl. hotlt, glaretura, terra asper ct sterilis, glcba inutilis. In this case, hair would be most naturally rendered high. HAIRY MOGGANS, hose without feet, Fife. V. MoGGANS. HAIRSCHIP, Hayrschip. V. Herschip. HAIRSE, s. A lustre, a sconce with lights, S. B. Gerra. kerze, Bclg. kaers, Isl. kerti, a candle ; kertapipa, a candlestick, Alem. kcrzisial, id. Waehter refers to Lat. cereus, supposing that the word was originally ap])licd to wax-candles. HAIRST, Harst, s. Harvest, S. ^jaist, Moray. Labour rang wi' laugh and clatter. Canty Hairst was just begun ; And on mountain, tree, and water, Glinted saft the setting sun. Macncill's Poet. Works, i. 12. A. S. haerfacst, Belg. harfst, herfst, Alem. har- uest, Germ, hcrbst. Some derive this from Hertha, the Earth, a deity of the ancient Germans, and Belg./ee.«<, feast, q. the feast of Earth. V. Skinner, TO. Harvest. Scren. from Su.G. ar annus, and vist rictus, q. rictus et alimentum totius anni, provision for the whole year. It has been observed concerning the inhabitants Bf Moray, that " they suppress r in a good many words, as Jist for Jirst, hoss for horse, puss for purse ;" and that " this is the more remarkable, as in general the Scotch pronounce this letter much more forcibly than the English do." P. Duflfus, Statist. Ace. viii. 397, N. But pus is Isl. for a purse (pera) ; and haust, for harvest, Su.G. Dan. hoest, id. HAIRT, s. Fking Hairt. First lovis foule the Eagill fair I saw discend down from the air ; Syne to the wood went he : The Heron, and thejleing Hairi, Come fleing from ane vther pairt, Beside him for (o be. Uurcl, IVal son's Coll. ii. '2 4. What this bird is, that accompanies the heron, I have not been able to discover. H AIR-TETHER, a tetlier made of hair, suppos- ed to be employed in witch-craft. V. To MILK the Tether, and Nicneven. To HAISTY, 1], a. To hasten, Bellend. Cron V. AvENTURE. Fr. hast-er, id. H AIT, /)«>-«./>«. Called. V. Hat. HAIT, .f. The most minute thing that can bf conceived. V. Hate. HAITH, a minced oath, S. generally viewed as a corr. oi faith. V. Shirr. Gl. — Huith, Allan liath bright rays. That shine aboon our pat. A. Nicol's Poems, 1739, p. 88. HAKE, s. A frame for holding cheeses. V. Hack. To HALD, V. a. To hold, S. generally pron. had, A. Bor. hand, id. He of Rome wald his d.iy Ilald wytlit flii he payid na mare. Than hys eldaris payid are. Wjjntoxcn, V. 9. 77J. MoesG. A.S. hald-an, ls\. halld-u, Alem. halt- en, id. This V. admits of a variety of senses, both actives and neuter, as conjoined with prepositions, nouns, &c. 1. To laid again, to resist, to withstand, by word or action, S. 2. To hald by, to pass, S. 3. Tohalddayis. V. DaYIS. 4. To hald gaain, to continue, to go on, S. Beig. gaande houd-en, to keep one's course. 5. To hald in, to supply. Hald in eldin, supply the fire with fuel ; spoken of that kind which needs to be constantly renewed, as furze, broom, Sec, hence called inhaddin eldin, S. B. G. To contain any liquid, not to leak. That liime does na hald in, that vessel leaks, S. 7. To hald in with, to keep in one's good graces, to curry favour, S. 8. To hald still, to be at rest, to stop, S. Sw. haalla stilla, to stop. 9. To hald till, to persist in assertion, intreaty, ar- gumentation, scolding, fighting, &c. S. 10. To hald to, to keep shut ; as, Hald to the door, keep the door shut, S. Sw. haalla til, or haal- la til doren, id. 11. To hald out, to pretend, to alledge, S. 12. To hald out, to extend to the full measure or weigh-t, S. Will that claith hald out ? Will it be found to contain the number of yards men- tioned ? 13. To hald wi\ or with, to take part with, to sup- port, S. To Hald, Had, v. n. To stop, to cease, S. Enough of this, therefore I'll Aarf, HAL Lest all the Poland dogs go mad Before their wonted time of year, When such poor cowish stuff they hear. Cleland's Poftns, p. 112. Hald, Hauld, s. 1. a hold, vulgarly had. To gat- he the hadils, to go in leading strings, to go by the help of another supporting. 2. A habitation. Neither house nor hald^ no kind of dwelling-place, S. — Thay thir rrutll marchis left for fere, And in the Cyclopes huge caue tynt me, Auc gousty hald, within laithlic to se. Doug. Virgil, 89. 16. 3. A stronghold, a fortified place. Roxburch hatildhe wan full manfully. Wallace, vii. 913. MS. This evidently signifies a place that may be held, er defended ; Su.G. haalLa, tucri, defendere, whence haldande hiis, Isl. huald. llie hade aj llerlaganom et hald. Jlabebaut a Duce arcem. Chron. Rhjjthm. p. 42. ap. Ihre. 4. A possession. Than lat ts striue that rcalme for to possedo, The quhilk was hecht to Abraham and his scde: Lord, that ys wrocht and bocht, graunt vs that hald. Doug. Virgil, 358. 11. To HALE, V. n. To pour down. V. Hail. v. To HALE, 1). n. " What is that but the faithfull soule haling like an hawk for to liie from the mortall heart as from the hand of a stranger, for to come home to her Lord in etcrnilie ? — My soule is sa ravished with ^ourspeach that it fluttereth within mee & halefh to bie away from this mortalitie." Z. Boyd's Last Battcll, p. 848. 849. I can scarcely think, that this is used in the sense of the I'y. V. signifying to drag. As it respects the at- tcinpts of a hawk to take flight, it may be allied to Isl. Iial-a sig up, scanderc, to ascend. HALE, Haill, adj. Whole, entire, S. He thoclil lie saw Faudoun that ugly Syr, That huHl hall he hud set in a fyr. Wallace, v. 208. MS. ji// hate is, sometimes at least, used adyerbially, ^. entirely all. Thus all that land in herytage He wane all hale, and maid it fre Tyl liym and hys posteryte. IVt/iUovin, ii. 8. 121. All hale my land sal! youris be. ISurhour, i. 497. MS. Hence the phrase, so common to this day in legal 4lcf(ls, all and haill, S. The term is also used ad- terbiiilly. Isl. heilt, Su.G. hel, Belg. heel, integer, totus. Ihio n'fers (o tir. eA-i;, unus ct totus. Hale and fare. \. I<"i;rk. HALE, Haill, adj. i. Sound, in good health, S. All siifferyt srho, and rycht lawly hyr bar: Amyabill, so benyng, war and wyss, ("nrlass and swctc, fullillyt of gentryss, Weyll rr«ll;.t off tong, rycht haill of conte- ua"ci;- Wallace, v. 5S9. MS. HAL This, howeTcr, may signify, <* having a eolleeted appearance;" or, " a good command of her counte. nance." 2. It is often used in the sense of vigorous. Of a robust old man, it is said, He's a hale carlyit, S, Moes.G. hails, Prccop. hels, Su.G. hel, A.S. hat, sanus, bene valens. Hence, as Ihre proves at large, the salutation, hail, denoting a wish for health to the person to whom it is addressed. Hale-hide, adj. Not having so much as the skin injured, S. B. But he gaed zK hale-hide frac you, For a' your windy voust ; Had ither fouk met wi' him there. It had been till his cost. Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 28. Hale-skarth, adj. or adv. Wholly safe, entire- ly sound, " q. whole from so much as a scratchy S. skart ;" Rudd., Sibb. Thocht I, sal scho pas to the realme of Spert Hale skarth, and se Myccne hir natiue land ? Doug. Virgil, 58. 19. The use of scartfree, S. in the same sense, may seem to confirm the etymon given by Rudd. But it seems doubtful, whether we should not rather refer to Su.G. skaerd-a, a hurt, a wound, Alera. orscardi, laessio auris, a hurt iu the ear, Udscardi, laesia raembri. Hale-ware. l. The whole assortment, used in relation to things, S. from hale, whole, and ware merchandise ; A. S. ware, Su.G. wara, Belg. waere, merx. 2. The whole company, applied to persons ; all without exception, S. An' frae the weir he did back hap, An' turn'd to us his fud : And gar'd the hale-icure o' us traw That he was gane clean wud. Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 5. IVholc.tcare is also used. Yea, they'r alledging that his Grace Must to his Ladle's wit give place; Then this will follow, I suppose, She drags the ichole-2s:are by the nose. Cleland's Poems, p. 18. HALF, s. 1. Side ; a half, one side. Schyr Gilis de Argente he set Apon a half, hys rcgngye to kept j And off Walence Schyr Aymcry On othyr half, that wes worthy. Barbour, \\. 175. 177. MS^ 2. Quarter, coast, as relating to country. Tharfor into the Fyrth come thai, And endlang it wp held thai, Quhill thai besid Rnuerkething, On west /in//'to«art Duiiferl^ng Tuk land ; and fast begoulh to ryve. Barbour, xvi. 550. MS. 3. Part, side in a metaph. sense. The trcw on his half gert he stand Apon the mari-hisstubilly. Barbour, xix.200. MS. A.S. liuel.J, pars, latiis, ora, tractus ; eust-heulf, ora oricntalis ; Is!, hualfa, aalja, pars, Jilaga mundi ; Nordurhaal/a, Europa, Sudurhaalfa, Africa, Aus- 4 II A L turhaalja Asia, ffatitrhaalfa Amcvka ; G. Andr. p. 9. Halflang, ad/. Half-grown. V. Halflin. Halfe-hag, f. A species of artillery, V. Hagg. Halfer, Halver, s. One who has a moiety or one half oi any thing, S. " Tlie way, that is halfer and compartner with the smoke of this fat world, and with ease, smellcth strong of a foul and false way." lluUierford's Lett. P. i. ep. 173. " If sorrow be the greediest halver of our days here, I know joy's day shall dawn, and do more than reconipcnce all our sad hours." Ibid. ep. 40. To ^aiig hativcrs, to be partners, S. Halfindali,, (tdv. "• About half," Pink. Befor the toune thai come alsone: And bot halfindall a. myle of way Fra the cite, a rest tuk thai. Barbour, xiv. 497. MS. llaluendcle, O. E. id. llalucndelc his godcs he gaf to Code's werkes, Sustinod abbeis, norised pouer clerkes. R. liriDUie, p. 24. llalfendcale, Spenser. Tent, half decl, diinidia pars. Halflin, Halfin, Haaflang, aiij. Not fully grown. ^ hajlin laddie, a male who has not reached his full stature. The haaf-lang chiels assemblin there, In solemn council bent were AVi' utmost vigour, to prepare For mony a bauld adventure On Lammas day. Ref. J . Nicol's Poems, ii. 00. The word is also used as a s. " Wages of a man servant, (1742) L. 2, (1792) L. 10. Of a hajlin, (between man and boy,) (1742), lis. 8d. 1792) L. 5." P. Ruthven, For- fars. Statist. Ace. xii. 304. It may indeed be (]. half lang or long ; but per- haps radically the same with llalf.li/ing. In A.S. a person of this description is called healf-cald, of middle age, Sii.G. half-zcuxen, i. c. half.grown. HalFLYING, HaLFLINGS, H.4.FFLIK, Hallins, adv. Partly, in part, S. q. 3y one half. Thus haljlyiig lowse for haiste, to suich delyte, It was to sc her youth in gudelihcd, That for rudcnes to speke thereof I drede. K. Quair, ii. 30. I stude gazing haljUngis in ane trance. Lj/ndsaff. tVarkis, Prol. p. 3. 1592. How culd I be bot full of cair, And kaljiings put into dispair, So to be left alone ? Buret, Watson's Coll. ii. 30. Gin ye tak my advice ye'vc gane enough. I think nae sae, she says, and hallins Icugh. Ross's Helenore, p. 68. O. Sw. halving, haelfning, half. Teut. halve. Ungh, dimJdiatim, semi : et, dividue : et fere, ferme, quodammodo, propemodura; Kilian. V. term. Ling. Half-marrow, s. A husband or wife, S. " — Plead with your harlot.mother, who hath been a treacherous halj-marroic to her husband Jc» II A L sus." Rutherford's Lett. P. i. ep. 123. V. Mar. ROW. Half-mark bridal. V. Haff-mark. Half-witted, adj. Foolish, scarcely rational, S. Sibb. defines Havercl, a " cluttering half.zciftcd person ;" Gl. Isl. haaljvita, semifatiius ; 01. Lex. Run. HALY, adj. Holy, consecrated. Thir Papys war gud haljj men. JVj/ii/uicii, vi. 2. 113. He honoryd God, and fialij Kyrk. Ih. vi. 3. 39. _ A.S. halig, halga, Isl. heilagr, which Seren. de- rives froui hal~a, laudarc. Halynes, s. Sanctity, holiness. This eldest brodyre Karolouian Til halynes all gawe hym than. IVyntoicn, vi. 4. 42. HALY, Halily, adv. Wholly, entirely. He levyt nocht about that touu Towr slandand, na stane, na wall, That he na huly gert stroy thaim all. Barbour, ix. 455. MS. And thair till in to borwch draw I Myn herytage all halily. Barbour, i. 626. MS. V. Hale. 1. HALKRIG, Halkrik, s. A corselet. " Sone efter he armyt hym with his halkrig, bow and arowis, and fled with two seruandis to the nixt wod." Bellend. Cron. B. v. c. 5. " That all vthers of lawar rent and degre in the lawland haue jak of plate, halkrik, or brigitanis." Acts Ja. V. 1540. c. 57. Edit. 1566. c. 87, Murray. Fr. halcret. Arm. halacrete, id. " The hulecret was a kind of corselet of two pieces, one before and one behind ; it was lighter than the cuirass." Grose's Ant. Arm. p. 250. Our word most nearly resembles Belg. hals- iraagie a collar. The corselet was also called in Teut. ringh.kraege. HALLACH'D, adj. Crazy. V. Hallokit. H ALLAN, Hallon, Halland, s. i. A mud wall, or what is called a cat-and-clay wall, in cottages, extending from the fore%vall back- wards, as far as is necessary to shelter the inner part of the house from the air of the door, when it is opened. The term is sometimes applied. to a partition of this kind extending to the op- posite wall : but the first seems to be the origi- nal sense, S. Hollen, A. Bor. Spirewaw, synon. S. B. Hab got a kent, stood by the kalian. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 529. Your niece is but a fundling, that was laid Down at your hallon-siie ae morn in May. Ibid. p. 116. The gude-man, new come hamc, is blyfh to find, When he out o'er the halland flings his ecn, That ilka turn is handled to his mind. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 55. V. Cosn. 2. Hallen, a screen, Gl. Shirr. I have sometimes been inclined with Sibb. to de- rive this name from the circumstance of its extending 4 A HAL half-icai/, q. hal/lin, as the / is often sunk in pron. Gvtm. theilen signifies a partition. But this seems fornifil from Goth, del-a, to ilividc. 1 therefore pre- ferdeiiving it from Su.G. huell which denotes the hearth-stone, also the stone laid at the threshold of the door. Tims kalian may be q. the wall near the hearth or the threshold. HALLAN-SHAKER, Hall.\nd-scheckar, s. 1. A sturdy beggar, S. B. " I believe gin ye had seen mo than, (for it was just i' the gloniiu) staakin about like a hallcn. shaker, you wou'd hae tacn me for a water-wraith, or some gruous ghaist." Journal from London, p. 4. "Sturdy-beggar;" Ibid. Gl. 2. A beggarly knave, a low fellow. Sic knavis and crakkaris, to play at carts and dyce, Sic halland-scheckaris, quhilk at Cowkelb^ is gryce, Are lialdin of prycc, when lymaris do convene. Dunbar, Uunnafijne Poems, p. 44. st. 12. Uallund-shalcer, Draught.raker, Bannock- bai k er Pokcart, fVatson's Coll. iii. 30. 3. One who has a mean or shabby appearance. Tho' I were a laird of tenscore acres, Nodding to jouks of hallenshakers, — I'd rather roost wi' causey-raikers. — Ramsaij's Poems, ii. 349. " The trembling attendant about a forgetful great man's gate or levee, is also expressed in the terra Jiallenshaker." Note, Ibid. Jlallanshakcrlike is a phrase commonly used of one who has a very suspicious appearance, or who is very shabby in his dress, nearly corresponding to E. rugamuffin. Lord Hailes derives it from Fr. haillons, rags, and shaker. But this seems extremely questionable; not only as the word is thus supposed to be formed from two languages, but as there is uo vestige of the Fr. term being adopted by us in any other instance. There seems greater jirobability in another etymon, to which this has been preferred. According to an- cient and established custom, it is said, although a beggar might come within the outer door, he had no right to advance any farther than the hullan. There -lie was bound to stand, although shaking with cold, till he received his alms, or obtained leave to come towards the hre. Hence, according to some, he was called ^ hallan-shaker, because he shivered with cold behind the hallan. Others, however, cxpl. shaker actively, and view the compound ierm as denoting one who, if not immediately su|)|)lied, made such dis- turbance as to shale the mud-wall. To I1.\LLES, Hails, Helse, Hailst, -j. a. To salute, to hail, S. B. " Of this sort the said galiasse in schort tyme cam on vynduart of the tothir schij) : thai\ eftir tiiat thai hed hail it vthirs, thai maid them rcddy for battel." CoQipl. S. p. 65. Widiout thair naikit face I so, Thi'y get na ma i^ude day is of mc, Hails ane Frcnclie lady quheii ve pleis, Scho will discoucr mouth and ueis j HAL And with ane humbill countenance, With visage bair, mak reuerance. Vyndsuy's Wurkis, 1592. p. 310. And first scho helsit him, and then the queine, And then Meliades, the lustie ladie scheine. Cluriodus and Meliades, MS. Gl. Conipl. This is radically dillerent from hals to embrace, al- though Rudd. and others seem to confound them. 1. Both terms are retained, S. B. but ditlerently ])ron., the one being varied as above, the other inva. riably pron. haiise. 2. They arc ditlerently written in other Northern languages. AVhile in Su.G. we find hals-as, in Alem. hah-an, hels-an, to embrace ; thev are distinguished from Su.(i. heh-a, Alem. hei'lii-an, to salute. 3. They are radically dillerent; the former being from hals, the neck, the latter from Su.G. hel, A. S. hul, Alem. heil, MoesG. hails, sa- nus, salvus. Hence the last word is used also in the sense of salve, hail. Hails thiudan iudaie, Ave rex Judaeorum ; Alark xv. 18. i. c. in the jiriinary sense of hail, " enjoy health and prosperity." Dan. and hil vaere, ave; Su.G. Ae/j'«, Isl. hcilsa, salus. They are accordingly distinguished in O. E. '• I haijlse or greete, Je salue. — I haUe one, I take hymaboute the nccke; Je accole." Palsgrauc, P"ol. 15(3. b. Hence, Halesing, Halsing, s. Salutation. The saule we bery in sepulture on this wyse, The lattir halesing syne loud schoutit thrys, Rowpand attanis adew !— Doug. Virgil, 69. 23. Furth sprent Eurialus formest, With rerde and fauorabyl halsingis furth he sprang. As oft bel'allis sic times coramouns amang. Ibid. 138. 50. HALLIER, s. Half-year, S. B. V. Hellier. HALLINS, adv. Partly, S. B. V. Halflyng. HALLOKIT,S. Hallach'd, S.B. «^'. i. Crazy, S. This is one sense given of hallacVd, Gl. Ross ; and it seems the more ancient one. " Most men at first did (and not a few continue \o do so to this day) out of a kind of foolish pity, look upon them as a well-meaning kind of harmless, though \\A}d-halloeked persons." Poster, to Ruther. ford's Lett, p. 515. 2. Giddy, foolish, harebrained ; often implying the idea of light behaviour, S. At last her dolour gets the upper hand ; She starts to foot, but has na maughts to stand j Hallacli'd and damisli'd, and scarce at her sell, Her limbs they faicked under her and fell. Ross's Helenore, p. 24. My ncebours, she sang, aften jeer me. An' ca' me daft, halucket, Meg. Rev. J. Nivol's Poems, ii. 157. V. Haloc. HALLOWEEN, ,f. The evening preceding All- hallows, or -the day set apart by the church of Rome in honour of ^// Saints., and for praying for the souls that are supjjosed to be in Purga- tory, S. To hand Hallo-.^een, to observe the childish or superstitious rites appropriated to this cveniug. Some merry, friendly, countra folks li A L Togclher did convene, To burn their nits, an' pen' their stocks, An" huud tlitir Ilalloicccn. Biinif, iii. 125. A great Tariofy of superstitious rites are still ob. served on Iliilloiceen. Many of these are particu- larly and accurately described in the Notes to Burns's picturesque I'oeni on tliis subject, which it would be superlluous to transcribe. Some of them bear un- questionable marks of a heathen orij^in ; as it is ac- knowledged that the observation of this day was bor- rowed from heathenism. As ob'^erved in the church of Rome, it corresponds to the Fcriiilia of the aiiciout Romans; in which they sacrificed in honour of the dead, offered up prayers for them, and made oblations to them. This festival was celebrated on tiie '21st of February. But the church of l{ome translated it, in her calen. dar, to the 1st of November. She observes it with the same intention as the heathen did. It was anci- ently designed to give rest and peace to the souls of the departed. Est honor et tumulis, animas placate paternas. Ovid. Fast. Lib. ii. It is said to have been instituted by Aeneas, in hon- our of his father Anchises ; Virg. Aen. Lib. v. " Such," says Father Meagher, " was the devo- tion of the Heathens on this day, bv otfering sacri- fices for the souls in Purgatory, by praying at the graves, and performing processions round the Church- yards with lighted tapers, that they called this month the Month of Pardons, Indulgences, and Absolutions for the souls in Purgatory ; or, as Plutarch calls it, the purifying Month, or Season for purification ; be- cause the living and dead were supposed to be purg- ed and purified on these occasions, from their sins, by sacrifices, flagellations, and other works of mor. tification." Popish Mass, p. 178. 179. It was generally believed by the heathen, that •when the accustomed service of the dead was neglec- ted, the)' used to appear to the living to call for it. Thus Ovid informs us, that when, in consequence of wars, the observation of this festival was omitted, it was reported that the dead left their tombs, and w ere heard to complain and howl, during the uight, through the streets of the city and in the fields : but that, upon the wonted honours being paid to their manes, there was an end of these prodigies. At quondam, dum longa gerunt pugnacibus armis Bella, Parentalcs deseruere dies, Non impune fuit, &c. Fast. Lib. ii. In some parts of S., it is customary on this even- ing for young people to kindle fires on the tops of hills or rising grounds. A fire of this kind they call a Halloween Bleeze. AVhatever was the original design of kindling these fires, they are used as means of divination. This is evidently a remnant of heathen supersti- tion : especially as both Celts and Goths were great- ly addicted to divination by lots. Of the same kind is the custom of burning nuts on Hallow. even, un- der the designations of any two persons supposed to be sweethearts. " On All-Saints Even, they set up bonefires in every village. When the bonefire is consumed, the H A L ashes are carefully collected in the fonn of a circle. There is a stone put in, near the ciicumference, for every person of the several families interested in the bonefire; and whatever stone is moved out of its place, or injured before next morning, the person re- presented by that stone is devoted, or fc)j ; and is supposed not to live twelve months from that da}. The i)eoplo received the consecrated fire from the Druid priests next morning, the virtues of which v.cre supposed to continue for a year." P. Callander, Perths. Statist. Ace. xi. 621. G22. The more ignorant and superstitious in Scotland are persuaded that, on the night of All.iaints, the invisible world has peculiar power; that witches, and fairies, and ghosts, are all ranibling abroad; and that there is no such night in t!ie year, for intercourse with spirits, or for obtaining insight into futurity. Many, from an unwarrantable curiosity as to their future lot, perform various rites, which in themselves can he viewed in no other light than as acts of devil, worship. Among these may be reckoned, winding a blue clue from a kiln-pot, sowing hcmp.seod, lift, ing, as it is called, three tcfcht-Julh of naithing, kc. &c. in expectation of seeing the person who is to be one's future husband or wife, or of hearing his or her name repeated. These, as observed by some, may immediately flow from mere frolic, or an osteutation of courage and contempt of the fears of others. But the intentiou of the agent cannot alter the nature of the work. The ancient Romans, during the Ferialia, used to walk around the places of interment with lighted tor- ches. To this custom Ovid evidently alludes; Habent alias moesta sepulcra faces. Fast. Lib. ii. Sucton also informs us, that Octavius, while in the Isle Caprea, saw from his diningroom a great crowd of people, carrying torches, at the tomb of one who had died a year before. They celebrated the praises of the deceased, in extemporary verses. Vit. Octav. p. 104. This night is also celebrated, in some places, by blazes of another description, which more nearly re- semble the torches of the Romans and other ancient nations. " On the evening of the 31st of October, O. S. among many others, one remarble enough ceremony is observed. Heath, broom, and dressings of llax, are tied upon a pole. This faggot is then kindled ; one takes it upon his shoulders, and running, .bears it round the village; a crowd attend. When the first faggot is burnt out, a second is bound to the pole, and kindled in the same manner as before. Numbers of these blazing faggots are often carried about together, and when the night happens to be dark, they form a splendid illumination. This is Hallozs.een, and is a night of great festivity." P. Logierait, Perths. Statist. Ace. v. 84. 85. V. SUANNACH. In the celebration of the Ferialia, the Romans al- ways oflered gifts to the manes of their ancestors. These were accounted indispenable. But Ovid re. presents the souls of the departed as very easily satis. iied. Parraque in extinctas munera ferte pyras. 4 A2 HAL ParTa pelunt nruiiics pietas pro dlvite grata est Munerc non avidos Styx habct ima Dfos. Fast. Lib. ii. Virgil introduces Aeneas as sajing, with respect to his deceased father ; Annua vota tanien EoHcmnisquc ordine pompas Exscquercr ; strueremquc suis altaria doms. Aen. Lib. v. There is one tiling, however, ia which the Romans differed much from our ancestors, as to the Festival in honour of the dead. They reckoned it a time pc- culiarly unpropitious to love. On the contrary, if wc may judge from the customs still remaining in this country, it has been accounted very favourable in this respect ; the most of the charms that are used having this direction. But Ovid describes this sea- »on as unfriendly to love. Dum tamen liacc hunt, viduac cessate puellae: ._ Kxpectet puros piuea taeda dies. Nee tibi, ((uae cupidac matura videbere matri, Coniat virgineas hasta recurva comas. Fast. Lib. ii. According to the testimony of some of her own members, the (Church of Home borrowed her pray- ers for the dead from heathenism. " This," says Meagher, speaking of the funeral procession in the Isle Caprea formerly mentioned, " is taken notice of by Cardinal liaronius, and ac- knowledged to be the same with the anniversary ser- vice for the dead, as performed in the Church of Rome." Popish Mass, p. 179. " The custom of praying for the dead," says Polydorc Virgil, " is of ancient date. Cicero shews it in his first harangue against Antony, where he says ; Let funeral honours find supplications be made for him whose grave is not known. Thus they |)erformed an anniversary service, that is, they oiiered sacrifices every year in honour of the dead. — Thus we observe the same ce. remony for the salvation of the dead." De Rer. Invent. Lib. 6. c. 9. About the year 608, as wc learn from Alcuin. (de Diviu. Oliic.) the Pantheon at Rome, which had been consecrated to the service of ulldt;mons, omnium daemoniorium, with the vilest rites, was by Boniface IV. dedicated in honour of " the holy Mother of God, and of all Saints ;" and it was ordained (liat this should be observed during the kalends of November. Sigebert informs us, that this feast was received through all Gaul, by the au. (hority of the Kmperor Louis the Pious, A. 835. Chron. Fol. 61. b. With rtspect to the reason of observing this feast in Novomlier rather than in February; it is proba- ble, that this was done in compliment to the barba- rous nations, that formed the ten horns or kingdoms of the Beast. For November wns accounted a holy month by some of them, in their heathen state. Hence vn: find that the ancient Saxons called it Blot. Miinat, that is, the month of aacrijices. Keysler Aiiti(|. p. 3(».S. A. S. film htdgcna macssu, Su.G. all helgena das, Dan. ulU hdgens dag, Germ, tagc alter hcili. gen. "Haixoween Blf.eze, a blaze or bonefire kindled on the eve of Hallowmas, S. V. Hallo- WEEX. II A L HALOC, s. " A light thoughtless girl, a term of common use in the South of S." Gl. Compl. vo. Glaykit. Dunbar uses the phrase huloh lass in this sense. Maitland Poems, p. 61. Perhaps from A. S. haclga, levis, inconstans ; Lye. HALOW, s. A saint. Coldingliame than fowndyd he, And rychcly gert it dowyt be Of Saynt Eb a swet JIalovp : Saynt Cuthbert thare thai honowre now. TVyntoz07i, vii. 4. 15. " Pcrs. ozcl/a the saints, the holy;" Gl. A. S. hulga sanctus. HALS, Hawse, S. A. Bor. Hause, Hass, (pron. hass^ s. 1. The neck. " About this tyme Somerleid thane of Argyle son to Somerleid afore rehersit rasit gret truble in al partis quhare he come, quhil at last he wes brocht be the erle of Merche with ane cord about his hals afore the king, and gat remissioun be that way of his offence." Bellend. Cron. B. xiii. c. 15. Ponce Pylate was thair hangit be the hals, With vniust judges for thair sentence fals. Lijndsaij's fVarkis, 1502. p. 232. 2. The throat, S. He got of beer a full bowl glass. Which got bad passage at his hasse ; His throat was so to excess dry, It spung'd it up ere it got by. ClelaiuPs Poems, p. 22. " Like butter in the black dog's house;" Ram. say's S. Prov. p. 50. This is said of any thing that is past recovery. When a particle of food or drop of liquid goes in- to the windpipe, it is vulgarly said that it has gone into the Tzrang hause. The Germans have a similar idiom. As kehlc denotes the throat, they say ; Es kam mir in die unrechten kehlc pipe instead of the weasand-pipc. Hals signifies the throat, 0. E. Mylys ete ther of als. He seyde, Hyt stekyth in my hals, I may not gete hyt downe. Le Bone Florence, E. M. R. Hi. 6*. 3. Metaph. any narrow entry or passage. The hauyn place witli ane lang hals or entrc Within the wattlr, in ane bosum gais. Doug. Virgil, 18. 5. The first is undoubtedly the primitive sense. MoesG. A.S. Su.G. Dan. Isl. Germ. Belg. hals, collum. Hals is also rendered throat by Seren., by G. Kn^T.jugulus. Hai/fud hauggua ec mun ther hal- si; Eilda, For-Skirnis, xxiii. 1 must strike off your head by the neck. This in O. S. would be; Ich mon hag aff t/our head be the hals. Stiernhielm de- rives A«/.v, Uomhaall-a, hald-a, sustentare, because it supports the head; Ihre, from Lat. colLunij tlhj neck. The metaph. use of hals, sense 3. resembles that of E. neck as applied to an isthmus. Pap of the hasa is a vulgar phrase for the uvula, or lid which guards the entrance into the trachea or wind-pipe, sometimes it went into the lung- ir A L called the hock, E. Germ, zapjkin, Klap of ths hats is synoii. Heuce, To Hals, Hawse, v. a. To embrace. Quhen sche all blithest haldis thf, — And can the for to hals and embrace, Kissand sweitly Ihy quhite nek and thy face, Than may thou slely thy venynious ardent fire Of freindful lufc amid hir breist inspire. Doug. Virgil, 34. 52. Collo dare brachia circum, Virg. Su.G. Isl. kals-as, amplesari, ut solcnt araantes ; Alem. Belg. hals-en, helx-en. Chaucer, halse. In a similar manner, from Lat. coll.um, the Ital. have formed accoU-are, and the Fr. accoU-er, to embrace. V. Halles. Hals, s. Embrace, kiss. Defy the warld, feynycit and fals With gall in hart, and hunyt huh. Quha maist it servis sail sonast repent. Dunbar, Muitland Poems, p. 122. i. e. honied kiss. HalsbanEjT. The collar-bone ; hause-heeityS.'E. There's gowd in your garters, Marion, And silk on your white hauss-bune. Ritsoii's S. Songs, i. 50. Halsfavg, t. The pillory. " Gif they trespasse thrive, — the Baxter sail be put vpon the Pillorie (or hal^fang) and the Brow. ster Tpon the Cockstule." Burrow Lawcs, c. 21. § 3. Lat. collistrigium. A. S. halsfang, id, from hals collum, znAfcng.an capere. JHALTAND, Haltyne, adj. l. Haughty, proud. Proudfi and haltand in hys hert walkit he. Doug. Virgil, 185. 3. 2. Scornfnl, contemptuous ; as proceeding from a haughty mind. Quhen Jhon oif Lyn saw thaim in armour brycht, He lewch, and said thir haltyn words on hycht; Yon glakyt Scottis can ws nocht wndyrstand. Wallace, x. 844. MS. Edit. 1648, naughty. Fr. haultuin, hautuin, proud. This has been de- rived from hault, haul, height, as formed from Lat. ali-uf, high ; with less probability from MoesG. hauhs, id> Haltandlie, Haltanelt, adv. Proudly. — Haltanely in his cart for the nanis lie skippis rp, and mustouris wantonclyc. Doug. Virgil, 420. 3.4. HALTIR, Haltir Geistis. And principally sen this hors was here, Of haltir geistis beildit vp but dDut, The stormy cloudis ouer.TJl the are can rout. Doug. Virgil, 42. 21. Trabibus acernis, Virg. This ought to signify joists of maple. But the ■word has no affinity to any other used in this sense. Perhaps it denotes beams chained or fastened toge. thcr,- from Su.G. haella, haelda, Alem. helde, helte, Teut. held, compes, pedica. The Su.G. word also iignifies the iron which surrounds the rim of a cart- H A M wheel. Ihro^ diilves it from haall-a, tenere. I suspect that E. halter, capibtrum, has a common ori- gin with Su.G. haelda, &c. although the word has been disguised in A. S. halftre, Germ, halfier. Hal. ter, as well as halfter, occurs in this sense in Teut. HAMALD, Ham-hald, Haimald, adj. i. What belongs to one's house or home, domes- tic, S. pron. hamelt, hamcl, haimeld. Eolus, ane pcpill unto me innemye Salis the sey Tuskane, caryand to Italic Thare uincust hamald goddis, and llione. Doug. Virgil, 15. 11. i. e. household gods, Penates. 2. What is one's own property, or what he hold*, at home by unquestionable right ; proprius. " And quhen that thing is entered be the defen- der, and is challenged be the persewer, as ane thing wavered fra him, ane certaine space, and vnjustlie deteincd, and withhaldin fra him, and is readie to hdt/mhald the samine (to prouc it to be his azcin hdijmhald proper beast) and the defender alledge his warrant, he sail hauc ane lawful! day ta produce him." Quon. Attach, c. 10. § 2. In the same sense Skene speaks of " lauchfull and haimhald cattell ;" Verb. Sign. vo. Haimhaldare. 3. What is the produce or manufacture of our own country, as distinguished from that which is- imported, S. " llamluild liut, or hl Rome quheii that he Agayne passyd wytht hys rcawte. H'yntoisn, T. 3. 81. II A M 1 winna slay at hamc, lord Thoma?, And sew my silver seam ; But I'll gae to the rank highlands, Tho' your lands lay far frae hame. Jamision's Pofular Hall. i. 114. A. S. ham, Alem. Isl. Germ. Belg. heim, Su.G. hem, domus, mansio ; Moes(i. haim, ager, also villa. Wachter derives heim from hcim-a to cover. Ihre inverts the idea, vo. llem ; although he admits it, vo. Ham. Mr Tookc views E. humc as tho past part, of A. S. haem-an coire. ■Hame-come, s. Return, arrival, S. . Now thy sonnis dede eorpis cruelly slane Thou sail behald, alace the panis Strang! This is ouer hamccome thou desyrit lang. Doug. I'irgil, 361. 28. The hame-come of King Robert Out of Ireland fra Sir Edward. Bruce, — Rubr. of one of the sections, Edit. 1(520, p. 323. A. S. ham and ci/»ie adventus ; Isl. heimkoma, do- mum advenUitio, Sw. hemlcomst, id. hcmkomma, to come home. V. Wklcome-iiaim. Hame-fare, s. The removal of a bride from her own or her father's to that of her husband, S. from bame nndjare, to go. This in Isl. is brudferd; Sjionsae deductio ad do- mum ; Verel. q. bridefare. V. Infaii. Hamel, Hamelt, adj. Domestic, &c. V. Hamald. Hamely, Hamly, adj. l. Familiar, friendly, such as the intercourse of corupanions is wont to be, S. The ost baith met samyn syne. Thar wes rycht hamlj/ welcummyn Maid aniang thai gret Lordis thai : Of thair metyng joyfull thai war. Barbour, xix. 794. MS. Unwarly wcning his fa/Zozc/s we had be. In hamly wordis to vs thus carpis he : Ilaist you, matis, quhat sleuth tariit you thys late? Doug. Hrgil, 51. 37. Thocht ye be hamely with the King, — Bewar that ye do not doun thring Your nichtbouris throw authoritie. Ljjndsajj's IVarkis, 1592. p. 203. 2. Free, without ceremony; as persons are wont to demean themselves at home, S. Thare fand thai Inglis men hamly Duelland, as all thare awne ware. JVyntozsn, is. 8. 202. 3. Condescending, courteous, S. His frendcs thusgat curtasly He couth ressawe, and hamely. And hys fayis stoutly stonay. Barbour, xviii. 546. MS. The harrold than, with honour reuerendly, Has salust him apon a gudly maner. And he agayn, with huinyll hamly cher, Resauit him in to rycht gudly wyss. fValluce, viii. 1656. MS. 4. Plain, destitute of refinement, S. H A M Rudd. seems to say that this word is not used in S. in the same sense with E. homeli). But it cer- tainly is, in the following ProT. " Hame's ay couthy, although it be never sa A«;He/y." Na dentic geir this Doctor seikis ; — /\ne humelie hat, a cott of kelt. Legend, Up. St Andruis, Poems I6lh Cent. p. 3'27. In the same sense a rulgar stile is called a hamelj/ icaij of speahiiig, as opposed to elegant diction. This, hoivcvcr, may be understood in the sense of familiar, or condescending. This use of the word is rare, and may be viewed as a deviation from the proper signitication. It oc- curs in another S. Prov., in which it must be inter- preted in sense 1. " Ilame is a hameli/ word." Kelly, p. 132. '■ Familiar, easy, pleasant. It differs from homeli) in the English, which is coarse." Ibid. N. 5. Easy, not attended with difficulty. " And it is very hamely to you to knawe what is mean' be the highest mountaiiies : be them hee vn. derstandeth the greatest kings and kingdomcs in the earth." Bruce's Eleven Serm. Q. 5. b. Expl. " easy," Eng. edit. p. 288. Our word is not a corr. of the E. one, but exact- ly corresponds io Su.G. heimlig, Alem. haimleich. ]!iota.t familiarcm, utesse solent, qui in eadem domo vivunt. tVar ullom blidr, ok aengom ofmijkit litilla. tugr, okfam hemelikr ; Be courteous to all, more humble than what is proper to none, and familiar with few. Kon. Styr. p. 92. ap. Ihre. Hameliness, s. Familiarity, S. " O'er mickle hameliness spills courtesy ;" S. Prov. Kelly, p. 270. ; equivalent to the E. adage ; " Too much familiarity breeds contempt." HAMEsucKEy, Haimsuckin, .f. " The crime of beating or assaulting a person within his own house," Erskine's Instit. 719. 51. " Gif ane man will challenge ane other of Ilaim. suckin, it is nccessare, that he alledge, that his proper house quhere he dwelles, '.yes and ryses, daylie and niehtlie, is assailyicd." Reg. Maj. B. iv. c.'g. § 1. Although this term be used in the Laws of E. I take notice of it, because it has been ditl'ercntly explained. Spelman, as Sibb. has observed, ex. plains hamsockeii of the privilege or immunity of a man's own house, from A. S. ham domus, and socne libertas. It is also defined by Rastall ; '■' Homesoken (or hans soken) that is, to be quit of amercements for enirynge into houses violently and without li- cence, and contrary to the peace of the kinge. And that you hold plea of such trespas done in your court, and in your land." Exposition of Difficult Words, Fol. 138, b. V. also Collection of Sta- tutes, Fol. 167, b. Ranulf of Chester, however, explains the term as we do, making it equivalent to hamjure. Hain- sockne, vel hwifarc, insultus factus in domo. Lib. i. c. 50. And Bracton : Invasio doinus contra pacem Domini R^'gis ; Lib. iii. Tr. 2. c. 23. ap. Spelm. How, then, are we to accoout for these contra- H A U dictory explanations ? It appears, that the early writers on the E. law had suffered themselves to be misled by the apparent formation of the term. As A. S. socne, soma, as well as soc, soca, signify pri- vilege, immunity, also, the power of holding a court; they had probably, as Spelman does, viewed the word as composed of ham home, and socne, pri- vilege. Hence, from the use of socu in the same sense, they had occasionally changed the very form of the original word, rendering if hamsoca. Sibb. rightly conjectures, that the original signi- fication of the E. term was the same with ours. For even the learned Spelman has totally misunderstood the authorities he brings for his explanation. The fnst is from the laws of Edmund, c. 6, which he thus quotes ; Statuit Hamsocae violatorcs re- bus omnibus plectendos, &c. But in the A. S. it is ; Eac zee cwaedon be mundbrycc and hamsocnum, &c. literally ; Also we say concerning miuidbrjjce and hamsocne ; or, as in the Lat. version of Lambard, A. 1568, Decrevimus, ut si quis pacem violarit, aliumque domo suamanentem oppugnarit, &c. These two words regard crimes nearly allied, mundbrijcc denoting the breach of the peace. In the A.S. in- scription, they are equally used as denominating the crimes specified in the statute; Be mundbrj/ce and hamsocne, properly rendered, De pace rupta, ct imnuini/a/c domus violuta. His next quotation is from the Laws of Canute, ]\IS. c. 39. in Lambard, C. 14. In Danelcga habet Rex Fightwitam, i. e. forisfactum expeditionis : Grithbrech, i. infractionem pacis: et Ilamsocnam, i. invasionem mansionis. Here he explains the word properly. But he mistakes the sense of Fyhdc/'te which signifies the fine for fighting, dimicationis — ■ mulcta,( Lambard;) having overlooked the A.S. word fijrdvoite, which, in Spelm. translation, corresponds to forisfactum expeditionis; although rendered by Lambard, militiae devitatae — mulcta, by Lvc, ex. peditionis detrectatae mulcta, as denoting the fine paid for being absent from the host. Spelman, however, virfually retracts the just ex- planation he had given of hamsocne, when he adds ; Capite autcm 52 adjungit mulctam. Gif zeha ham. socne geicj/rce, kc. Si quis Hamsocara violaveril ; jure Angloruni Regi emcndet 5 libris. This in Lambard is c. 69. Here he strangely mistakes the meaning of a very simple and common A. S. verb, gewj/rce, i. e. work or perpetrate. Lambard thus gives the sense ; Si quis altcrius in domum invascrif, &c. Thus, it is evident, that the sense of the term has been misapprehended by some of the most learned E. writers, which has produced such confusion in their definitions. But still a difficulty occurs as to the use of this word in the E. law. In many old charters it is granted as a priviledge, ut quietus jit de Hamsoca ; in others, hamsoca is granted as a pri- vilege. I can scarcely think that the former denot- ed an immunity to the actual transgressors, as this would have been a dispensation for the crime. Might it signify an exemption from paying a share of the fine w hich was probably exacted by the king or superior, from the district, hundred, or other di. ir A M vision, where this rrimo was committed, and wlicn the oliVndcr was not discovt-red ? The latter seems to denote the right of holding courts for enqllirlll^' into and punishin;; the crime of hamsocne. Skene has materially piven the true origin ; as he derives it from luiim and Cierm. siulien, " to seek orserche, persew or follow," understood in a hos- tile sense. Teut. /leijm-socck.en, invaderc violan. teralicujus domum; Kllian. Germ, kenii.iucluiiig, hciiniiiciu, invasio domus; Wachter. Su.G. /u'hj- 4o/./,,_dicitur, quando quis vim altcri in sua ipsius domo infert; hemyock-tt, aedes altcrins invisere, alque adoo usui debet, quod violentiae ideam inclu.. daf Ihre. Isl. soA'h insiiltus, invasio hostilis ; Ve- rel.' Hence soknure, a kind of messenger or bai- liff. Su.G. soek.a is used as signifying to assail with violence, like Lat. petcre. Hamesucken, adj. Greatly attached to one's home, Clydes. This is obviously an improper use of the term. HaMEWITH, 1. Used as an adv. Homeward, S. B. He taks the gate, and travels, as he dow, llnmeicilk, thro' mony a wilsome height and how. Ross's Helenore, p. 44. 2. Used as an adj. And now the Squire his hamezcUh course intends. Ross's Halenore, p. 125. 3, Used as a s. To the lameivith, having a ten- dency to one's own interest. He''s ay to the bamewith, he still takes care of his own, S. B.^ From A. S. ham, IsL hcim, habitatio, and A. S. -j:i/h, Isl. Kid versus, q. towards home. HAMELL, s. The love of pelf comes from the devil. It's root of all mischief and evil. — It corrupts hamell, sharp, and sweet, It poysons all, like aconite. ColvU's Mock Poem, p. 77. This seems to denote some kind of liquor. HAMES, Hammys, s. pi. " A sort of collar for draught horses or oxen to which the traces are astened;" Gl. Sibb. The bodyis of Rutulianis here and thare Thay did persaue, and by the coist alquharc The cartis stand with lymouris bendit strek, The men ligging the haincs about thare nek. Doug. Virgil, 287. 6. The word in sing, hamc is found in E. dicti- onaries, although not used by E. writers. V. Haims. HAMMERFLUSH, s. The sparks which fly from iron when beaten with the hammer ; used for rubbing up iron-work, Ang, smiddie aiss, synon. S. This is elsewhere pron. Hammer- Jlaught. Isl. y(i/s offa; G. Andr. It denotes a fragment of any kind, as of broken bones; Ihre. HAMMIT, Hammot, adj. Plentiful. This term is sometimes used to denote corn growing very close ; but it is properly applied to corn which has many grains on one stalk ; to pota> toes, whea there are many at one stem, Ang. II A M It cannot reasonably be referred to healme straw, because it is often said, " The corn's very hrtmmit, though there be littlefoJdor." Perhaps from Mo.sG. hiiihma, hiiim/i, multitudo; or rather A. S. /ja/norf, tectus, q. wlII covered with grains. Or can it be a corr. of Su.G.^n'«/>, abundans? El ymnigt aar, a fruitful year; Widog. A hammil crop, S. B. ShaUoc'h is used in the same sense, Mcarns; which^ according to analogy, may naturally enough be de- rived from Isl. skioi.a, skjjl-a, opcrirc, tegere; Su.G. skyl, skiul, a corn rick, skijla sacid to make up ricks of corn. To HAMP, V. n. To stutter, to stammer. Loth, S. A. mant, synon. Hamp, s. The act of stuttering. To HAMPER, V. a. To straiten, to confine by giving little room, S. Thare lay ane vale in a crukit glen, — Quham wounder narrow aponn athir syde The bcwis thik hampcrith, and dois hyde With skuggis derne. • Doug. Virgil, 382. 27. Both Junius and Rudd. view this as a different word from that which is used in E. But in some instances they approach very near. I mention this there- fore, especially in regard to the etymon. It has been derived from hamper a basket : from hunaper, the exchequer, kc. The only probable origin is that mentioned by Seren. Isl. hampr, funiculus grossus lineus ; ^w.hump.as (mcd iiogot) Tt-'i dilhcili intri. catus laborare. To HAMPHIS, V. a. To surround, Gl. Ross ; to hem in, to confine, Gl. Shirr. Syne in a clap, as thick's the inotty sin. They hamphis'd her with unco fyke and dyn. Ross's Helenore, p. 63. Out gush'd her een, but word she cudna say, Sac hamphis'd was she at ween glee and wae. Iljid. p. 82. Agast the Sothroun stood a stound, Syne humphisd him, pele-mele, anc and a'. Jainieson's Popul. Ball. xi. 175. " Enclosed and crowded round," Gl. This may be referred to the same origin with Hamper. To HAM-SCHAKEL, Habshaikel, Hob- SHAKLE, V. a. " To fasten the head of a horse or cow to one of its fore-legs, to prevent its wandering too far in an open field. Teut. hamme, poples, numella." Sibb. If hamme be here taken in the first sense, it may be objected that cattle are thus bound, not by the ham, but under the knee; if in the second, that the component words are of the same meaning. The origin must therefore be left as uncertain. HAMSCHOCH, s. A sprain or contusion in the leg, a hurt, a severe bruise, Fife. Perhaps this is only Amshach, a misfortune, aspi- rated, and applied in a restricted sense. Or can it be from A. S. ham the hip, the thigh, and shack v. to distort .' The last syllabic might, however, seem allied to Gael, siach-am to sprain. HAMSTRAM, s. Difficulty, S. B. I HAN And Colin and his wife were mair nor fain, To crack with Nory, and her story ken. With great humstram they thrimled thro' the thrang, And gae a nod to her to after gang. Ross''s Helenore, p. 86. We might view this as composed of Su.G. Iiaemm. U, impi'dire, and Isl. strembin, percrassus, dillicilis ; or of Tcut. hum poplos, and stremm-oi cohibere, in allusion to a horse being S. hamshackled. HAN, pret. Have. He made knight with his bond j He dcde him han on heye The fairest that he fand, In place to riden him by. Sir Tiislrem, p. 45, *' He caused him instantly to hayc;" Gl. — Mi maiden ye han slain. — Ibid. p. 104. Iltin is thus used by R. Glouc, and may beacontr. of the part. pr. huefeii, or 3 p. pi. pret. haejdon. HANCLETH, s'. Ancle. I will conclude, That of sydc taillis can cum na gnde, Syder nor may thair hanclcthis hide. Lyndsay's IVarkis, 1392. p. 309, 310. A. 8. ancleozc, talus ; perhaps from an, which in composition has the force of Lat. ad, in, and cleof. an, to cleave, q. the place where the bones separate. HAND. By handy adv. Applied to any work that is already done, or any hardship that has been sustained, S. Tu put any thing bj/ hand, to go through with it, S. " The greatest part but play with Christianity, they put it by hand easily." Rutherford's Lett. ep. 11. P. i. " A good Ih'ing by -hand; a good thing OTcr." — Sir John Sinclair's Observ. p. 63. fVeill at hand, in good keeping, plump. Thow sail tak Ferrand my palfray, And for thair is na horss in this land Swa swycht, na yeit sa zceil/ at hand, Tak him as otf thine awyne hewid, As I had gevyn thairto na reid. Barbour, ii. 120. MS. This may signify, in good condition. But per- haps it is a French idiom, equivalrnt to, a la main, nimbly, actively, or, humme a la main, a roan of execution ; q. a horsu so swift, and of so great ac- tioji. To put hand in, to use violence to, to put to death. " As for his conclusion, ' Men may notpu^ hand in Tyrants,' it can nfver be deduced from his text." Hume's Hist. Doug. p. 417. Fra hand, adv. Forthwith, immediately. Speid sune your way and bring them heir fra hand. Lyndsay, S. P. R. ii. 238. Wald thow nocht mary fre hand ane uder wyfe ? Ibid. ii. 7. Thair come till hir anew of men fra hand, Quhilkis chaist your Lords sone efter in Ingland. DialL Honour, Gude Fame, SfC. p. 7. And with that we did land, HAN Syne lap upon our horse fra hind, And on our joruay rudelie raid. Diutl. Clerk and Courteour, p. 1. Out of hand is used in the same sense, S. '■'■ Out of liand, immediately. Ex. He did such a thing out of hand, for, he did it immediately. At the same time, out of hand may be found both in Spenser and Shakespcar, and is still occasionally used." Sir John Sinclair's Observ. p. 54. Doug, uses spede hand for, make haste. Hauc done, spede hand, and mak na marc de., lay. ''^irgil, 120. 6. The phrase is mentioned by Rudd. as still in use, S. Handcuffs, s. pi. Fetters for the wrist, ma- nacles, vS. P'rom cujf, q. sleeves of iron. Or shall we rather deduce it from Su.G. handklofvor, manacles, from hand and klofiia, any thing cloven; speciatim, says Ihre, tendicula aucupura. Hickes thinks that E. glove is from the same source. To Handcuff, v. a. To manacle, S. To Hand-fast, -u. a. l. To betrothe by joining hands, in order to cohabitation, before the celebration of marriage. " This James [the sixth Earl of Murray] begat upon Isobel Innes, daughter to the Laird of Innes, Alexander Dunbar, a nun of singular wit and courage. This Isobel was but hand-fast with him, and d/ceased before the marriage ; wherethrough this Alexander he was worthy of a greater living than he might succeed to by the laws and practices of this realm." Pitscottie, p. 26. " She not only would not yield to it, but evea sued for a divorcement from the Pope, at the Court of Pvome, alledgiog that Angus had been affianced, betrothed or hand-fasied to that Gentlewoman [Jeane Douglas,] who bare the childe to him, be- fore he had married her [the Quene Dowager], and so by reason of that pre-contract, could not be her lawful husband." Hume's Hist. Doug. p. 249. 2. It is used as synon. with contract. " Though every believing soul is, when the Fa- ther draweth it to Christ, contracted and handfast. ed with him, Hos. ii. 19, 20., yet, for good and wise reasons, it pleaseth the Lord Christ to delay the taking of us home to himself, and the accom- plishment and consummation of the begun marriaijc, — even as in earthly marriages there is first, a Con. tract or Espousals, and then, for just and honest reasons, some space of time ought to intervene be- twixt that and the full accomplishment of the uiar- riage." Fergusson on the Ephesians, p. 389. A. S. hand-faest-en, (idem dare. Su.G. hand- faestning, " a promise which is made by pledging the hand, whether by citizens who thus bind them- selves to their prince, or by those who are about to be married, mutually engaging themselves; from the phrase faesta hand, which signides to join one right hand to another. Hence, in the laws of the Westrogoths, handfae tna dantamma denotes es- pousals. V. Ihre, vo. Hand. Su.G. faesta sensu ecclesiastico notat sponsalia so- lenni ritu sponsam sponso addicere. Hence faesie. mue sponsa, faetteman sponsus, fanta and hand- 4 B HAN f.icsliiait, spous.ilia. Faestaiiilaftte, in (he laws of "lJ|)laiid, di-niiti's the ijift made by llic bridegroom to Ills future father-in-law, as a pledge of the subse- quent inariia;;e. Ihre, vo. Facsta, \>. 436. The wdid in Isl. seems to be applied both io es- pou>als and marria{,'e. Fcslir, spousalia, Verol. Fating, aVidsfes/ariu pi., conlirmalio nuptialis, G. Andr. p. (i8. Fc.ilc is the very word used in the form of marriasje ; Fg fcxic lltig mier HI loglfgrur cigiii konti ; Contirmo te mihi legaliter in uxorem. Hand-fasting, Hand-fastnyng, Hand-fist- ing, /. " Marriage with the incumbrance of some canonical impediment, not yet bought off. A peneision of this custom remained till near the end of the last [seventeenth] century ;" Gl. Wynt. " Among the various customs now obsolete, the most curious was that of Iland/isting, in use about a century past. In the \ipper part of Eskdale, at the conlhicnce of the white and the black Esk, was held an annual fair, where multitudes of each sex repaired. The unmarried looked out for mates, made their engagements by joining hands, or by hainlfiitiiig, went oil" in pairs, cohabited till the next annual return of the fair, appeared there again, and then were at liberty to declare their approbation or dislike of each other. If each party continued con- stant, the hanilfisling was renewed for life : but if either party dissented, the engagement was void, and both were at full liberty to make a new choice ; but with this proviso, that the inconstant was to take the charge of (he oflspring of the year of probation. " This custom seemed to originate from the want of clergy in this county in the days of popery : this tract was the property of the abby of Melrose, which through a'conomy discontinued the vicars that were iised to discharge here the clerical odices : instead, they only made annual visitations for the purpose of marrying and baptising, and the person thus sent was called Hook in bosom, probably from his carrying, by way of readiness, the book in his breast: but even this being omitted, the inhabitants became necessitated at first to take this method, which they continued from habit to practise long after the reformation had furnished them with clergy." Pennant's Tour in S. 1772, P. I. p. 91.92. " At that fair, it was the custom for the un- married persons of both sexes to choose a compa- nion, according to their liking, with whom they were to live till that time next year. This was cal- led h(iml-f acting, or hand in fist, &c. P. Eskdale. muir, Diiuifr. Sraljst. Ace. xii. 613. It seems to have been occasionally written hand. fitting, from the false idea, as in the last extract, that the last part of the word is formed from K.Jist. Whatever might be the particular cause of the prevalence of this custom in Eskdale, it is evident from the preceding article, that it had been practised also in the North of S. It prevailed even in the He- brides. " It was an ancient custom in the Islands, that a man should take a maid to his wife, and keep her for the space of a year without marrying her ; and if she pleased him all the while, he married her at II A N the end of the year, and legitimated the children : but if he did not love her, he returned her to her parents, and her portion also ; and if there happen- ed to be any children, they were kept by the fa- ther: but this unreasonable custom was long ago brought in disuse." Martin's West. Islands, p. 114. The term occurs in the same sense 0. E. " Fne faincuyles \_Jiancaylcs'] an assuryng or hundfa^tijnge, of folks to bemaryed;" Palgraue's French Gram. B. iii. F. 12, b. We also meet with some traces of the same cus- torn in France. Sponsalia inter se per verba dc fu- turo contraxerunt, carnali copula subsecuta et prole procreata; cum lapsis aliquibus annis ad solemp. nizationem matrimonii in facie Ecclesiac proccdere vellent, &c. Charta Amadei Lugdun. Archiep. A. 1438. ap. Du Cange. Hand-hauakd, part. pr. Having in possession, applied to stolen goods. " Ane frie man sould not be imprisoned at the complaint of ane other, except — gif he is takin with reid or hait hand of slauchter, or with the fang, or in hundhaiiund thift, or roborie." Quon. Att. c. 39. § 1. 2. IVilh the fang, is explained as equivalent to hand, haveand and back.bearand ; Skene, Verb. Sign. vo. Injangthefe. Iland-habend is nsed in the same sense. Laws of E. A. S. aet hacbhendrn kandu gcfangen, in ipso furto deprehensus ; Lye. Tfut. hand-haven, to possess; \i\. handhave, the possessor of any thing, qui pos- sessor est, et in raanu tenet. V. Verel. Handy-grips, s. pi. Close grappling, q. corr. hanny-grips, S. B. " Certainly my light is dim, when it cometh to handy-grips." Rutherford's Lett. Ep. 12. 'Tis better then the cause we try Wi' the wind o' our wame, Than for to come in hanny-grips At sic a driery time. Poems in the Buchan Dialed, p. 2. Q. a grip or hold with the hand. Ilandgrep is aa old Su.Ci. word, compounded in the same manner, although varying in its signification. It denotes the knack of using the instruments of any trade, art, &c. in a legal sense, the joining of hands for confirming a bargain. Handsel, s. i. The first money that a trader receives for his goods, as in E. ; also, a gift conferred at a particular season, S. 2. A piece of bread given before breakfast, Gal- loway. This is merely an oblique sense of Su.G. hand' socl, mercimonii divenditi primitiae, from hand and sel-ia, A. S. sell-an, to deliver ; as denoting that this piece of bread is an earnest of the meal which is to succeed it. Ihre observes, that this term is used by other Goth- ic nations with greater latitude, as denoting a gift of any kind ; and thence restricted to gifts devoted to a religous use. He views MoesG. hunsl sacrifice, offering, as radically the same; whence, it is believ- ed, A. S. husl was formed, the terra used to denote the sacrament of the Supper, as converted into a sa- i HAN crifice in tlic cluirch of Rome, also husl-ian. Hence E. houi-cl, to give or receive the cucliarist, in the Koinish sense ; unhouseled, not having received this sacrament. Handsel Monday, the first Monday of the New Year, O. S. ; so called, because it has been the custom, from time immemorial, for servants and others to ask, or receive, handsel^ on this day, S. " On the evening of Handsel Monday^ as it is called, some of his neighbours came to make merry ■with him." P. Tillicoutry, Clackm. Stat. Ace. xv. 201, N. HAND-STAFF, s. l. The upper part of a flail, S. the lower being denominated the souple. This exactly corresponds to Su.G. handii:al, id. from hand, mantis, and u:(d fustis, pertica. 2. The name of a constellation, supposed to be Orion's sword. The Elwand, (he elementis, and Arthuris huffe, The Home, and the Hand itajfc. Doug. Vii!;il, 939, b. 4. HAND-WAIL'D, adj. Remarkable, distin- guished, in whatever way ; carefully selected, S. Lord Arnulph (iiiickly after him does send Fifteen hand-::atld, well-mounted Englishmen. Hamilton's Wallace, B. vii. 125. Thy raffan rural rhyme sae rare, Sic wordy, wanton, hand-wad d ware, Sae gash and gay, gars fowk gae gare To hae them by them. Ramsay's I'oems, xi. 351. It is often used in a bad sense; as, a hand-i:ail'd tcnster, a mere prodigal, S. From hand and iBule, to choose; q. picked out by the hand. HANDWAVING, s. A mode of measuring grain by streaking it with the hand, S. B. " They yield from five pecks to half a boll of meal : and are measured by handzcaving, i. e. they are stroked by the hand zhout four inches above the top of the firlot." P. Keith.hall, Aberd. Statist. Ace. ii. 533. From hand and Koye, Su.G. zecfzc-a, Isl. z:cj-ia, circumvolvi-re. HANDSENYIE, s. i. An ensign or standard, corr. from ensenyie. " Heircftir all the inhabitants of Edinburgh that profest enmitie to the Queene — erectit aiie hund- senyie of thair awin to invade the toun quhair they frielie dwelt." Hist. James Sext, p. 128. 2. A token. " He gaue them handseinycis of his visible pre- sence, as was the tabernacle, (he ark," &c. Bruce's Eleven Serra. P. 8, a. V. Enseinyie. HAND-WHILE, commonly Hanla-while, adv. "A short time;" Gl. Sibb. A. S. id. momentum. To HANE, V. a. To spare. V. Hain. Haning, Haining, s. Hedges, inclosures. " That euerie man spirituall and temporall, within this realme, hauand ane hundreth plind land of new extent be yeir, plant wod and forest, and HAN mak hedgcis, and haning for himself, extending to thre akers of land, and abone or vnder, as his hc- retage is luair or les." Acts .Ta. V. 1535. c. 10 edit. 1566. In c. 11. it is ordained, " (hat all de. stroyaris of grenc wod,— and sic like of all new han. ingis,'' be prosecuted and jiunished. This seems to be the meaning of haining, as used by Ross. As they grew up, as fast their likings grow, As haining water'd with the morning dew. Helcnoie, p. 14. V. next word. Hanite, HANED,/>rt:r/./a. Inclosed, surround- ed with a hedge, " It is defended and forbidden, that anic man dwelland within the wood, or anie other, sail enter within the close, or lianite parts of the wood, with their beasts or cattell." Forest Lawes, c. i. § 1. Qui coopertorium sylvarum intrent, Lat, On this passage Skinner says ; Videtur ex con. textu densiorem sen opaciorem sylvae seu saltus sig. nare, ab A. S. Ac«/i, alius, sublimis, i.e. pars ilia sylvae qiiae altissimis arboribus consita est. — But here the cattle could do very little injury. The wood of Falkland, after being cut, is to be "of new parkit agane, keipit and /ian// for rising of young grouth thairof;" Acts Mar. 1555. c. 23. edit. 1566. c. 49. Murray. Those who " cuttes or pulles huned brome," arc to pay (en pounds for the first oflence, twenty for the second, forty for the third, &c. Pec. Crimes, Tit. iii. c. 3. § 5. It is a curious fact, that whereas proprietors and tenants are now at such jiains to clear their lan;Is of broom, they were formerly bound by statute to sozo it, as would seem for the purpose of forming hedges, " The Lordis Ihinkis spcidful, that the King charge all his frehalders,^that in the making of thair Witsondayis set, thay statute and ordand, that all thair tenenfis plant woddis and treis, and mak heigis, and sum brome cfter the faculteis of thair ma. lingis." Acts Jp. II. 1457. c. 191, edit, 1566. c. 81. Murray. Su.G. haegn.a, tueri circumdata sepe, from hag, sepimentum ; hacgn-u aarf, to protect one's inhcri. tance ; Mod. Sax. heg.en, to keep, to defend one's property ; Germ, hain, septum ; locus septus, AVachteV. V. Hain. HANGARELL, Hangreli,, s. " An imple- ment of the stable, upon which bridles, hal- ters, &.C., are hung ; commonly a stout branch of a tree, with a number of knobs left on it ;" Gl. Sibb. This is formed as a diniin. from A. S. hang-en^ Su.G. hiicng.a. to hang. V. L, term. HANGIT-LIKE, adj. A vulgar term, applied to one who is out of countenance, or knows not what excuse to make for his conduct, Ii is said that he looks very hangit-like, S. It seems borrowed from the appearance of a con- vict going to execution, HANYIEL SLYP, one who is uncouthly dressed, an ugly fellow, Buchan ; improperly printed han'z.iel. " In came sik a pangel o' gentles, and a lithry of 4 B2 H A N hanyid sli/ps at their tail, that in a wcavc.i the house wis gaen like Lawren-fair." Journal from London, p. 8. r. • / This phrase is applied to livery servants. IJuni/tel may be allied to Teat, baiighe/, as denoting some- thing in a dependent and d.mgling state. Su.G. slipper denotes one who is iinarnud, from slap, lax. remiss ; also, empty. Hence nljjp, as an op- pr')l>rioiis designation, may have had its origin : or perhaps from Tent, ilcpp, a train or retinue ; slepp van kncchten ande dienauis, a long train of clients, servants or attendants. V. Kilian. To HANK, V. a. l. To fasten, to secure, so as to prevent removal, S. " To handle, to en- tangle ;" A. Bor. And at the schore, vndcr the gresy bank, Thare nauy can ihay anker fast and hank. Duug. Virgil, 208. 34. A man is said to be hankit, when he has so en- gaged hinisilf to a woman, that he cannot recede without the breach of faith, and loss of character, S. 2. To tie any thing so tight, as to leave the im- pression of the cord ; to gall with a rope or cord, to hankie, id. S. The neck is said to be hankit, when a necklace is tied too strait. It still conveys the idea of a circular impression. Ye's find" that we can cast a harder knot. And till him straight, and binds him o'er again, Till he cry'd out with the sair hanking pain. boss's Helenore, p. 47. Sibb. derives this from Teut. henck-e/i suspcndere. But the origin seems to be Isl. hank, as denoting a collar, a small chain, torques, catenula, Sw. id. a withy-band, vinculum ex viminibus contextum et convolutum. Mr Tooke views hank as the part, past of the A.S. v. haiig-an pendere, to hang. Hank, s. l. A coil, any thing resembling a wreath, S. Thus it is used to denote the coils of a serpent. Hot they about him lowpit in wympillis threw, And twis circulit his myddil round about, And twys faldit thare sprutillit skynnis but doiit, About his hals, baith nek and hede they schent. As he etlis thare hankis to have rent. Doug, lirgil, 46. 6. 2. The word is now generally applied to thread, cords, Sic. formed as a coil, a skain. It is used in E., but as explained by Junius and Johns, it denotes thread in the form of a clue. Isl. hunk is also rendered, funiculus in forma cir- culi rolligaus. HANKERSAIDLE. V. Anker-saidell. HANNY-GRIPS, .f. />/. Close grappling. V. Handy Grips. To HANSH, Haunsh, v. a. To snap or snatch at, violently to lay hold of; especially applied to the action of a dog, when seizing any thing thrown to him, and apparently including the idea of the noise made by his jaws when he snaps at if, S. " A nu'iib.-r greedily hauwht at the argument, Mr Andrew Ramsay, Mr J. Adamson, and others; H A P but cameflot near the matter, let be to answer for- mally." Bailtie's Lett. i. 200. Ilamsh is used nearly in the same sense, Ang. to eat in a voracious and noisy way, as a dog tearing at a bone. These terms may be radically allied to Germ. hasch.en, capere cum celeritate ; Isl. hack-a, avide et ictibus vorare, canino more; G. Andr. p. 104. col. 1 ; but more immediately to O. Fr. hanch-er, " to gnash, or snatch at with the teeth;" Cotgr. Hansh, J-. A violent snatch or snap, S. gamch, synon. HANTY, adj. " Convenient, handsome ;" Gl. Rams., S. Haunty, id. Gl. Shirr. For Iho' I be baith blyth and canty 1 ne'er get a touzle at a', But Lizie they think far mair hanty, And she has got nacthing at a'. R. Gallojiays Poems, p. 214. In the first sense it would seem merely E. hand:j corrupted. In the second, however, it has more affinity to Isl. hcnt-a. decere, hentilig-r, decens. lu both, indeed, it might admit this origin. HANTLE, s. 1. A considerable number, S. hantyl, Gl. Sibb. hankel, S. B. perhaps corr. " — A huntle cries, Murder, and are ay upmost." Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 11.; equivalent to another ; " The greatest thief makes the loudest cry." Rosie had word o' meikle siller, Whilk brought a hanile o' wooers till her. Ramxai/^s Poems, xi. 547. 2. Used as equivalent to much, S. B. He suUna get the prize ; he's like The man that clips the sow, He makes a huntle rout an' din, But brings but little woo. Poems in the Biichan Dialect, p. 35. According to Sibb. '' q. hand-full." Sir J. Sin- clair also says ; " Hantle is a corr. of handful." Ob- serv. p. 43. But this corresponds neither to sound nor sense. The term conveys the idea of a greater quantity than handful. The one may even be op- posed to the other. Su G. tal, numerus, (.\.S. tale) is composed with a variety of words ; as ma?i- tal, proportio ex numero capitum ; bundctal, pro- portio pro numero patrumfamilias ; jordatal, ratio fundi. May not the S. word be q. handtal, such a number as may be counted by the hand or linger? Or perhaps it is merely Sw. antal, number, aspirat- ed ; storl anlal., a great number ; ringa antal, few, VVideg. Our word, indeed, corresponds to K. num~ ber, as signifying uiany, according to sense 3. Johns. Diet. " Much of that we are to speak may seem to a number perhaps tedious," &c. Hooker. To HAP, V. a. 1. To cover, in order to con- ceal, S. 15annocks and kebbocks knit up in a claith, She had wiled by, and row'd up in her waith: This she ere even had tentily laid by, .And well happed up aneth a coll of hay. Ross's Helenore, p. 53. 2. To cover, in order to defend from cold. This is the most common sense, S. HAP " Ilap, to luck in the bed clothes;" A. Bor. Gl. Grose. V. Umost Claith. And quhon that thou art laid into thy hole, Thy hold will be na hyor than thy sole. And than qnhair is thy cod, coiirche or cap, Baith gouu and hiide had wont the for to hap? Nocht bot ane shcit is on thy body bair; And as thow hes done heir sa (iiuls tliow thair. Priests of Peblis, p. 47. This bonny foundling, ae clear morn of May, Close by the lee-side of my door I found, All sweet and clean, and carefully liapt round In infant weeds of rich and gentle make. Ranisaj^'s Poems, ii. 182. 3. To defend from rain or snow, S., as, to bap a stack. Ae Martinmas, when stacks were happet, The twa lairJs took a jaunt for ance. R. Gdlloicay's Poems, p. lo. 4. Metaph. to screen, to cover from danger in battle. S) no slouch behind my doughty targe, That yon day your head happit. Poena in the liuchan Dialect, p. 9. This V. is also used in Lincolnshire. Skin- ner derives it from A. S. hcap-ian, cumulare; Ray, from heap. It may be observed, however, that I'd. hiup-r denotes a shroud, or winding-sheet, involucrum quo funira teguntnr ; hj/p.ia, involvor, G. Andr. lleb. nsn, huphuh, texit, covered. Hap, Happi.v, s. A covering of whatever kind, S. When body clothes are spoken of, any thing proper for defending from the cold is also called a hap warm. I'll mak a hap for my Johny Faa, And I'll mak a hap to my deary ; And he's get a' the coat gaes round, And my lord shall nae mair come near me. Rit^un's S. Songs, ii. 178. — Remember, I'm baith hap aiid saul To Venus there; but me, she'd starve o' caul', Rainsaj/'s Poems, ii. 34. — Fock, the nipping cauld to bang, Their winter hapicarms wear. Fergiisson's Poems, ii. 26. A word occurs in a very ancient Norw. work, which would seem allied, as being used in this sense. yjir.haiifn is rendered toga, denoting a gown, a mantle, or the ujjper garment worn by a man. Haf ok thuilika i//irhaafn ; Have also thy gown, or man. tie; Spec. Regale, p. 286. ifcrhafnarlaus is in like manner rendered, togae expers; ibid. 296, 297. \s\. ijfir signifies upper, superior. One would al- most think that the term were synon. with S. uvar or upper happin ; the letters/ and ;> being frequent- ly interchanged. I have not, however, met with haujn by itself; and am therefore uncertain as to its signification. To HAP, V. 71. 1. To hop, S. But master Monkey, with an air Ilapt out, and thus harangu'd the fair. Ramsajj's Poems, ii. 470. V. Flee. 2. To halt, to walk lamely, S. V. Hop. Hap, s. a hop, a light leap, S. II A R Hap-step- AN' Lowp, adv. " Hop skip and leap," Gl. Burns, S. The third cam up, hap.step.an' loicp, As light as onie lauibie. Burn^, iii. 29. The term refers to a common sport of children. Happity, adj. Lame, that which causes one to hop, S. I've a hen wi' a happity leg. Rit son's S. So?igs, i. 183. HAP, (pron. hawp) s. The hip, or fruit of the brier, S. B. A. S. heopa, id. Scren. says, it has its name from its adhesion ; l^\. hijp.ia, contrahere. Su.G. «//(p- on, id. which Ihre derives, for the same reason, from niiip.a, primoribus digitis compriuiere. V. Hep- thorn e. HAPPER, s. The hopper of a miln, S. " They [myllers] malitiouslie occupyes ane great- er space betwix the happer and the myln-stane, for thair awn profite ; for the law permits there na uiair space nor ano sommer wand of ane liasel trie." Chalmerlau Air, c. 11. § 3. Happerbauk, j-. The beam on which the hopper of a miln rests, S. V. Bauk. HAPPY, adj. Used in a peculiar sense, as signi- fying lucky, fortunate, i e. boding good for- tune, constituting a good omen, S. synon. canny^ cha/icy. " There are happy and unhappy days for begin- ning any undertaking. Thus, few would choose to be married here on Friday, though it is the ordinary day in other parts of the church. There are also happy and unhappy feet. Thus they wish bride- grooms and brides a happy foot ; and to prevent any bad eftect, they salute tliose they meet on the road with a kiss." P. Forglen, Banli's. Statist. Ace. siv. 511. N. This corresponds to the Dies Fasti et Nefasti of the Romans. Felix and Infelix are applied in the same manner. HAR. (jwhil thai ware lyand at that town. Thai had off.tymys bykkeryng, Qwhare there wes har and nere schofyng. IVyntoti'H, viii. 37. 54. Mr Macpherson views this as an error ■' for hard O'c far ;" Gl. As Doug, uses har for sharp, nip- ping ; it may be here metaph. transferred to warfare, like K. keen. HAR, Hare, «^'. Cold; also, hoary. V. Hair. HAR. Out ofhar,o\\t of order, in a state of con- fusion. The pyping wynd blaw vp the dure on char. And driue the leuis, aud blaw thaym out of har, Intill the entre of the caue again. Dong. Firgil, 83. 11. Perhaps from A. S. hearre, Tent, harre, herre, cardo, a hinge ; as we use to say that any thing is unhinged, when out of order. Rudd. observes that " in Orkney they say. The door is off o' har, i. e. off the hinges." Addend. II A R HARBIN, s. The Coalfish, in a certain stage, V. Seath. HARCHATT. V Hareshaw. HARD FISH, the name indiscriminately given, in S., to cod, ling, and torsk, salted and dried. HARDHEAD, Hardheid, s. A small coin of mixed metal, or copper. " D.iilii' iharo warsucli numbers of Lions (alias called llurdheids) prentcd, that the basencs thare- of maid all lliiiigis cxceiding dear." Knox's Hist, p. 147. According to Fjnes INIoryson, in his Itinerary, hurdheuds wt-re " worth one penny halfpenny." Part I. p. 283. ]\lr Pink, thinks that " .Moryson's fugitive intelli- gence misled him." and that " the hartl-liead is really the French hardie, Scotified." " Hardies," he adds, " w -re black money struck in Guifune, and equal, in all jioints, to the liardi struck in Dauphitiy, though the last term obtained the (irefer- cnce, and rem.iins to this day. An ordinance of Louis XI. mentions their both having been current time out of mind; and the hat die is supposed to be so called from Philip le Hardi, under whom they were first struck, and who began to reign in 1270. — Now the hardie, as the Hard, was three deniers, or three pennies Seotish, instead of a penny halfpenny." Essay on Medals, II. 110. Moryson's intelligence, however is confirmed by the testimony of Godscroft conccrningtheearl of Morton. " The commons, and chiefly the Town of Kdin. burgh were ollended with him, because he had dimi. nished the value of a certain brasse or copper coyne (called Hardheads), and abased them from three halj pence to a penny : and also the plack piece (another brasse coyne), from four pence to two." Hist. Douglas, p. 334. They may have been called Lions, from the lion rampant being struck on the reverse. Mr Cardonnel. speakiin; of Ja. VI. says concern- ing his copper coins ; " Of this king there are only two. N» 1. [Plate II.] was called the Hardhead. The reverse has two poiuts behind the lion to denote its value of tzco pennies " Numism. Scot. Pref. p. 37. This |)roves the depreciation ; and may refer to what was done by Morton. But it is evident that the coin, also bearing a lion, struck under Mary 1559, had previously received this name. For the complaint already quoted from Knox, refers to this year. HARDHEAD, s. A species of sea scorpion ; apparently the Fathcr.Iasher of Pennant, Cottus Scorpiiis, Linn. " Scorpius major nostras ; our (ishcrs call it Hard, head." Sihb. Fife, p. 128. From the following description, this designation seems proper enough. " The head is very large, and has a most formid. able appearance, bein- armed with vast spines, which it can oppose to any enemy that attacks it, by swel- ling out its cheeks and gill covers to a large si/e." Peiniant's Zool. HI. 179. 180. HARDIN, Hardy.s', adj. Coarse; applied to H A R cloth made of harJs or refuse of flax ; proii. har?!., S. A. Bor. id. " In thi' ferd he ordand that na Scottis man suld veir onj dais bot hardj/n cotis." Compl. S. p. 150. >•' They prayed that the honest women might be tried what webs of hurdiii or sheets they mighi spare, that every four soUliers might be accommodate in a tent of eight ells." Baillie's Lett. i. 202. " — Ol ariilicers 57, of whom 44 are weavers, who — manufacture for sale a great deal chiefly of what they call Hum, and coarse (lacking clo'h, tor which they find a ready market in tlie town of Uun. dee." P. Klunaird, Perths. Statist. Ace. vi. 236. Teut. herde, heerde, fibra lini ; A. S. heorduf, stu- pac, tow-hards; Somner. Perha^js the worU appears in a more primitive form in Isl. hanr, linumrude; G. Andr. p. Iu7. Sw. hoor, undressed llax. HARE, odj. — I'hare ilk man a fagote made, Swa towart Perth leld strawcht the way, — Quhen thai of "he town can thanie se, That semyd ane hare wode for to be. H'j/iituicn, viii. 26. 228. And thryis this Troiane prince ouer al the grene. In tyl his stalwart stelit scheild stekand out, Lyke ane hare vvod the dartis bare about. Doug. I'iigil, 352. 38. Immanem silvam, Virg. This seems to signify, rugged, f,has,gy , hirsutus ; as rendered, Gl. VVynt. A, S. haer, Su.G. haar, crinis, pihis. HAREFRA, adv. Herefrom, from this. •' Let no man wi'hdraw himself hurefra." Knox's Ilisf. p It 7. Sv,-. haerifi aan, id. HARESHAW, s. A fissure in the upper lip, a harelip, S. anciently harchutt ; still hareskart, Renfrews. The harchutt in the lippis befoir. Roult's C'/rsing. Gl. Cumpl. S. p. 331. This is probably formed like Germ, haasenschraat, hasenychurte, id. scharte signifying a notch or gap. If shaw be viewed as a term originally ditt'e- rent, it may be derived from Su.G. Isl. ska, a particle denoting separation or division. In Sw. this is called harmunt, harmi/nt, from har, hare, and mund, munn, mouth, H.ARYAGE, s. " A collective word applied to horses, — O. Fr. baraz," Gl. Wynt. Ane haryuge he mycht say he had gud, That had swylk twclf in-til his stud. lyj/iitozcn, viii. 22. 55. The persons spoken of are erljjs and gret buroii>tii/s. Wyntown seems to allude to a literal stud. The term may be allied to haraz, coctus, L. B. harac ium, which Hickes deduces from A. S. hergas, legi- ones ; fir. A. S. p. 37. It is perhaps more immedi. ately allied to A. S. hcrge, hergh, herige, turma. As this allusion, however, must appear rather singu. lar, I have a suspicion, that Wyntown refers to the tzcelve peers of Charlemagne ; and that liarj/agc may be a deriv. from A. S. haerra, (Term. Iierr, dominus, or hcr:og, dux belli. But this is mere conjecture. HARIE HUTCHEON, the name of a play H A 11 jmong children, in which they hop round in a ring, sitting on thoir hams, S. B. Belg. hurk-en, to squat, to sit stooping. V. Curcud- DOCH, and Blind Harie. HARIGALDS, Haricles, j./>/. ]. The heart, liver, and lights of an animal ; the pluck, S. " He tliat never eats tlesh, thinks hari^aUls a feast." Rarasaj^'s S. Prov. p. 37. 2. Used metaph. and ludicrously, although im- properly ; being applied to the tearing of one's hair, a rough handling, &c. 1 think I have towzlod his harigalds a wee! He'll no soon grein to tell his love to me. Ram^aj/'s Poems, ii. 150. This has (irobabiy received its name from Fr. hari. cot, a dish of boil d livers, this forming part of what in S. is called a head and harigals. * To HARK, -J. n. To whisper, S. He said no more, but set him down; Then some bej^an (o hark and rown : Some's heart began to faint and fail, To think that cabbage, beef, and ale, Mutton, and capon, should be wanting; Such thoughts made some to fall a gaunting. Cle land's Poems, p. 99. Then whispering low to me she harked. Indeed your hips they should be yarked, No more Mass John, nor dare you clark it. Forbes's Dontinie Deposit, p. 38. This must be merely an oblique u>e of Fris. hark- en, S. and E. hark, to listen; as when persons whis- per, the mouth of the one is applied to the ear of the other. To HARLE, V. a. I. To trail, to drag along the ground. The idea strictly attached to the term, as thus used, is that the object lies in a flat or horizontal position, S. About the wallis of Troy he saw quhat wyse Achdles harlit Hectoris body thrys. Doug. Virgil, 28. 9. Vnto the caue ay bakwartis be the talis To turne thare futesteppis he thaym harlis and trails. Ibid. ^48. 23. 2. To drag with force ; implying the idea of re- gistance, S. Lo the ilk tyme harland vnto the King Troiane liirdis with gret clamour did bring Ane young man, baith his handis behind his bak Hard bundin Doug. Virgil, 40. 33. Gif thou list pas, quod sche, thy self to spill, Harll vs with the iu all pcrellis, quhar thou wyl. Ibid. 61. 25. " Heir sail thay harle Chestetie to the stokkis." Lyndsuy, S. P. R. ii. 136. " I never lov'd 'bout gates, quoth the goodwife, ■when she hari'd the goudman o'er the fire;" S. ProT, Kelly, p. 205. 3. To draw to one's self by griping or violent means ; S. Hence it is said, " Ye're come of the hoase oi Harktilkm i" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 86. V, Harle, s, I Ii A R 4. To roughcast a wall with lime, S. perhaps from the motion of the trowel on the surface. " Within these five years, a very few of them [farmhouses and cottages] have been— snecked or harled with lime." P. Keith. Hall, Abcrd. Statist. Ace. ii. 634. It is certainly the same word that R. Glouc. uses; in Gl. rendered, " hurled, whirled, hurried, haras. sed, drove, thrust, cast." The sserreue vaste Bi the top hii hente anon, & to the grounde him caste, And harleda him Torth rilliche with mani stroc among. p, 535, It also occurs, although with less proximity of signification, p. 487. Kyng Richard this noble knigt Acres nom so, And harlede so the Sarazins, in eche side aboute, That the ssrewen ne dorste in non ende at route. Junius views this as the same with hari/ used by Chaucer, rendered harry, from Fr. hari-er. " — On the left side, mo devils than any herte may thinke, for to hary and drawe the sinful soules to the pitte of helle." Pcrsones, T. III. 161. This idea is very doubtful. But the origin seems buried in obscurity ; unless we should suppose it to have some aiTinity to Isl. whirla, turbine versari con. tinuo, which is considered as radically the same with Su.G. hiirr-u, cum impetn ferri, circumagi, men. tioned by Seren. as a very ancient word. To Harle, v. n. I. To move onward with dif- ficulty, implying the idea of feebleness, S. 2. To harle aboitty To go from place to place. It generally conveys the idea of inconstancy, of feebleness, or of some load or incumbrance, S. Harlin Favour, some degree of affection. The phrase is most nearly allied in sense to Fr. teit' chant. " I believe she was a leel maiden, an' I canna say but I had a kine o' a harlin favour for her." Journal from London, p. 7. Either an attachment which makes one hang on, or which as yet moves slomly. Sometimes harlin is used by itself in thi.s sense. An' as for Poortith, girnin carline! Wha for the Bardies has a harlin. Aft hae I borne her wickit snarlin. Rev. J. Nicol's Poems, i. 120. Harle, s, 1. The act of dragging, S. Thus of a paralytic person, it is said. He has a harle with the left leg. 2. Money or property obtained by means not ac- counted honourable ; as. He gat a harle of sil- ler, S. HARLE, s. The Goosander, a fowl, Orkney. "The Goosander (mergus merganser, Lin. Syst.) the harle of this country, remains with us constant. ly, and may be seen every day in the lochs, and in the sea." Harry's Orkney, p. 302. Ilarle a.\is palmipes Anate major. An-Mergan- ser ? Sibb. Scot. [i. 22. This learned naturalist was right in his conjecture. The name seems of Fr, origin. Merganser, I'llarh-. Brisson, Pcnn. Zool. p. 556. II A R HARLOT, /. 1. A scoundrel, a worthless fel- low. Gud men men tlioill off luirlolfis srorn in wor. n'uUacc, ¥iii. lOQT. MS. " He rejiudiat liis nobyl qiiciu- Aijasia the kyng of Britonis dochter. And gart his vicious hitrloli^ de-. force iiir." (kllcnd. Cron. Fol. 19. a. Nebtdonum turljao foedissimc prostitiiliini ; Boelli. Tyrivhitt has jiislly observed, thai this name was ancicnilv given to men as well as to womeLi. Thus it is used by Chaucer, Pro). Cant. T. 619. He was a gentil harlot, and a kind. The learned Camden throws out a very fanciful idea on this subject. Arietta was the name of the woman who was mother to Williani the Conqueror. " She," he says, " was for her honesty, closely with an aspiration, called Harlot.''' He seems to think that " this name began from her, and in honour of her, Avas appropriated by the Normans in England, to all of her kind profession, and so continueth." Remains, p. '202. It is more probable, however, that this designation was primarily given to men. But whether this was in a sense expressive of immorality of conduct, is doubtful. For it is used both by S. and R. writers, 2. As denoting one of low rank, a boor, sjnon. with carlc^ churl. Gif ony churle or velane the despyse, Byd hence hym harlot, he is not of this rout. Bellcnd. '^ ■"'•••nie to Vron. J'clane evidently signifies a persou dilached to the glebe. This corresponds to the use of the term by Chaucer. A sturdy harlot went here ay behind. That was hir hostcs man, and bare a sakke. And what men yave hem, laid it on his bakke. Sompn. T. 7338. It is not easy to determine the origin ; as there are several etymons which seem to have nearly an equal claim. L. B. hiirelat-iis was used as synon. with rebcllis. Rebelliutn sen Harelatorum, Chart. A. 1350. This is derived from hartla, harella, conju. ratio, conspiratio. Rebilliones et conjurationes per modum Uurele et monopolii, contra iios et gentes nostros — commisissent ; Ibid. It also signilied a military expedition, and in Chart. A. 120P, occurs as e(juivalent to exercitiis. Si vero aliquis hominum v<'l Comitis vel Fpisro|)i rcmanserint ab exereitu sivc Harella, &c. Du Cangi; remarks its approximation in sense to Fr. hurdle vexation, from har-ier to vex, referring to Skinner, vo. Hare. But as Skinner properly derives the Fr. r. from the Goth, term here, an army : it is more natural to sup|.ose that harelle had a similar origin, without the intervention of the Fr. V. Richards, in his C. B. Diet, mentions herlod as signifying simply a young man, and Jierlode.t a young woman. To the latter Bullet refers harlot in its modern acceptation. But witli more consonancy to the sense of harcla- ius, we may refer (o the Goth, as the source. Seren. vo. Harlot, mentions Su.G. haer, cxercitus, and lade, mancipium vile, a boor or villain ; adding, Indc Harlot idem videtur significasse ac miilicr,quac n A R in potcstatem aut servitium cessit milituni. But al. though he gives this etymon, adverting merely to the modern sense of harlot, it is not less applicable to the ancient. It indeed applies with greater proprie- ty. Or, it may be derived from Su.G. haer, and lj)d, laud, Isl. Hod, .\. S. leode, populus; q. the lower order, of which the mass of an army is com. posed. According to this deduction, what is given above as the second sense, is the primary one, aU though less common with ancient writers. As Chaucer renders liojj de ribaulx, Rom. Rose, King of Harlots, v. 6068., a very striking analogy may be observed in the use of these two words. Fr. Riband seems anciently to have denoted a strong man, and thence to have been transferred to those who, as servants, attended an army. In later times it has been used to signify a scouadrel, a worthless fellow, one devoted to a lewd life, ilt^nce ribaulde, a punk, a trull ; as exactly corresponding to the modern sense of harlot. V. Diet. Trev. HARLRY. The Pitill and the Pipe gled, cryand peroe, Befoir thir princis ay past, as pairt of pur- veyouris. For thay culd cheires chikkynis, and purchase poultre, To cleik fra the commonis, as kingis katonris, Syne hive honir, and behald the harlry place. Houlate, ill. 1. This Sibb. renders honourable. But Leg. harbry as in MS., the place of harbour or rest. Instead of hive, it is rather have, or hove. The last might sig- nify that they claim honour as their due. It behoves them to receive it ; Belg. hoev-eriy to need, to be» hove. HARMISAY, Harmesay. A man, allace, and harmi^at/, That with my only dochter lay, Syne dang my sell : quhat sail I say Of this unhappie chance? Philotus, Pink. S. P. R. iii. 56. — Makand his bargand with a boy, Was ower to Flanders fled and ferreit, Cryand out, harmcsai/, he was herreat ; Lamenting sair his lose and skaith. Legend, Bp. St Androis, Poems \6th Cent. p. 311. It may signify, zcoe is me, as synon. with allace ; A. S. earmc wretched ; earm-ian to grieve. In this sense the v. erme is used by Chaucer. Bot wel I wot, thou dost rain herte to erme. Pard. Prol. v. 12246. Or, have mercjj ; MoesG. arm-an misereri, artnai ff«.'Zj', miserere nostris. Germ, n^'m-e/!, id. Augus- tine (Rpist. 178.) refers to the Barbarians, evidently the Goths, as saying in their own language, Sihora armen, or as Junius reads it, armui, quod interpre- tatur, Domine miserere. V. Wachter, vo. Armen. HARN. V. Hardyn, Hardin. HARNES, s. Defensive armour, Doug. Harness being used by F. writers, I mention the word merely to observe, that although immediately allied to Fr. harnois, it is of Goth, extraction ; Isl. harneskia, a solid breastplate; Sw. harnisk, id. Some derive the Goth, term from haer exercitus, and H A R nist clcnoJium, q. cleuodiiim viri aniiati : otiicrs, from tarn iron, and isk used as a termination, q. an iBstrument of iron. HARNES, s. 1. The brains, Wyntown, S. A. Bor. pron. harm. " Sa they count faith ane imagination of the mind, ane fantasie and opinion, fleeing in tiic harnes of man." Bruce's Serm. on the Sacrament, II, 8. a, 2. Used metaph. for understanding. He has nae hams, he has no judgment, S. Hemes occurs in O. E. as in Minot, p. 10. — Sum lay knoked out thaire hemes. Norm. S. haemes, Dan. Sw. hiaerncy Alcm. Germ. him, hem, id. Isl. hiarne the skull. The general origin seems MocsG. qtuiim, id. which some view as allied to Gr. K^atm. Harn-fan, s. The sktill, S. Wallace tharwilli has tane him on flic croune, Throuch btiklcr hand, and the Itiinipan also. IVallace, Lii. 365. MS. In (he harne pan the schaft he has alTi.xt. Dong. Virgil, 291. 25. Teut. him-panne, id. cranium ; from kirn brain, and panne patulla, q. patella cerebri ; Kiliau. Teut. panne and hoofd panne are used in the sense of calva : A. ?>. panne, cranium, Su.G. juinne frons, Celt, pen, caput. H.\RP, f. An instrument for cleansing grain, a kind of scarce, S. Sirae, synon. Dan. hurpe, Sw. harpa, id. " a kind of grate for separating the rich corn from the poor ;" AVideg. Ihre thinks that it has received its name from its re- semblance to the musical instrument thus designed. But as Isl. hrip signifies cribrum, the origin is more probably hrip-ar- perlluit, G. Andr. q. run through. HARPER CRAB. V. Tammy Harper. HARRAGE, s. Service due from a tenant to a landlord, according to the oppressive system of feudal times ; properly arage. " These two species of labour were, in the old tack, distinguished by the names of liarrage and car- rage.'''' P. Foulis, Perths. Statist. Ace. xv. 605. V. Ar.vgk. HARRAND, s. Snarling. Howbeit ye think my hurrand some thing har, Quhen ye Icist wein, your baks may to the wall, Things byds not ay in ordour as they ar. Montgomerie, MS. Chron. S. P. iii. 499. Hirring, E. snarling, growling ; Lat. hirr-ire. To harr, to snarl like an angry dog ; A. Bor. HARRO, i?iterj. An outcry for help ; also, of- ten used as a cheer, or encouragement to pur- suit, S. harrow, E. And fra the Latine matrouns wil of rede Pcrsauit has this vile rayscheuos wraik, Thay rent thare hare, with Harro, and Allake! Dong. Virgil, 432. 50. It seems to be merely Fr. haro, harou. The term, it is said, was especially used by the Normans, who were wont to give this cry, when any capital crime was committed, as theft, fire-raising, or man- slaughter. According to the laws of Normandy, all who heard this cry were bound to go forth, and if they pei;ceived any danger of life or limb, or any HAR deed done which would subject the perpetrator io the loss of life or limb, they were uutler obligation to retain him, or to raise the cry of liaro after him. Otherwise, they were to satisfy their prince, that they did not hear the cry. llickcs. Thes. Thus the term has much the same meaning as E. hue and cry. Some have considered it as a call addressed to Rollu, the chief who led the Normans into France, q. Ha Roul, i. e. O Rullo ; the origin of this custom being indeed ascribed to him, as ho was greatly cele- brated for the impartial administration of justice. Caseneuve justly ridicules the idea, that this term has any relation to Rollo; because haro denoted the hue and cry long before his birth. For the monk Kcro, who was cotemporary with Pepin the father of Charlemagne, in his Gl'. expl. clamat by hareef, and clamamus by harcmces; which shews that haro is a word belonging to the old Tudesque. " Thus," he adds, " our forefathers used haro absolutelv to signify a noise and cry." I need scarcely mention the etymon given by the learned Hickes, as it evidently has no affinity. He derives it from Cimbr. hior, MoesG. haints, gladius ; as the pursuit of the malefactors, against whom this cry was raised, was called Spada, i. e. a sword, be- cause they were to be repressed by force of arms. The notion that this cry was an invocation of Rollo, or Hrolf, however whimsical, points to the true source. It indicates a sort of traditionary con- viction, that the term was introduced into France by the Normans. For it is undoubtedly of Goth, extract. Tyrwhitt says, that it is derived from har altus, and op clamor, two Islandic words, which were pro- bably once common to all (he Scandinavian nations. He adds, that the very word harocp, or harop, was used by some of the inhabitants of (he Low Coun- tries, in the same sense in which Harou was by the Normans. Cant. T. Note, v. 3286. But the word in Su.G. is haerop, Isl. heroop, cla- mor bellicus, from haer, her, an army, and op, a cry. Su.G. oepa haerop, clamorem bellicum ciere, a phrase often used by Sturleson. Thus it original. ly signified what we would now call the zcar-hoop of the Northern nations. G. Andr. renders Iicrooji, tumultus, as corresponding to Gr. aXxM. It is synon. with Su.G. di/st, dust, Isl. tlitjs, S. du>t. Josua heijrde follisins heroop and thi/s ; Josua audi- ret clamorem et sonitum populi; l''xod. xxxii. 17. This respects the shouting of the Israelites, when they worshipped the golden calf. HARRY, adj. Obstinate, stubborn, S. B. Perhaps from the same origin with Haik, Har, q. V. HARRY-NET, s. V. Herrie-water. HARSK, Hars, ad/. 1. Harsh, rough, sharp, pointed. From that place syne vntaane caue we wen(, Vnder ane hyngand heuch in ane dern went, With trcis eldis belappit round about. And thik harsk granit pikis standand out. Doug. Virgil, 75. 2-i, — On thir wild holds hars also In faynt pastoure dois thare beistis go. Ibid. 373. 17. 4 C HAS C. Bitter to the taste ; Wyntown. Su.G. harsk, Isl. /if;*A-rt;-, Btlg. harsch^ hars, austcnis. To HART, V. a. To encourage, to infuse spirit into, S. heart. The H) schap that sa weill him bar, That he all hartijt that thar war, Wes yeyt into fcchting sted, Quhar that v hundre ner war dcd. Barbour, xvi. 662. MS. Tout, herf.en, animare, fortem reddere; A. S. htjrt-atu id. HARTILL, ,r. Heart-ill. — Thf il linger, the Uartill, & the Hoiststill, the Hald. Moiitgomerie, JVaison's Coll. iii. 13. V. Cleik. Perhaps the same with A. S. heort-ece, cardialgia, heart-ache. HARTLY, Hartlye, adj. Hearty, cordial. Than hecht thai all to bide with hartlye will. IVallace, iii. 115. MS. " That nobil kyng, persauand the gude vil ande hartlij olxdiins of this pure man, he resaiiit that litil quantite of clecn vattir as hiimaiiily as it hed been ■iXiv rirhc present of gold." Coni|il. S. p. 11. Tent, hertelick, amicus ex aninio ; Dan. hierte- lifT, id. HARTFULLIE, adv. Cordially, earnestly. '' This wyll 1 hunulie and hartfuUie pray the (gentil redan) in reconipance of my lytle work, and gret gild wjll (.ilfectioun beand laid on syde) dili. gentlie and (emperalelie to rcid this our sobir trac. tiue." Kennedy's (Crosraguell) Compeiid. Tractiue, p. .S. HARUMSCARUM, adj. Harebrained, unset- tled, S. Htirmnstarum, id. A. Bor. Harum- scarum is also given by Grose as a cant E. term ; Class. Diet. AVe might vit w this as allied to Germ, herum- fchzsurm-en, to rove about, from herum about, and schisarm-en, to live riotously ; or from E. hare to friulit, and scare to startle, two words ntarly of the banie iinporl being conjoined for greater emphasis. HASARD, Hasert, adj. Gray, hoary. 'I'hoii aiild ha urU Icichourc, fy for schame, That slotteris furth euermare in .slnggardiy. Duitg. f'irg/l, Prol. 96. 26. ,\iild danic, thy vyie vnweildy age. Oner set with hasert h;u-eand faiite dotaae. In SIC curis in vauu occiipyis the. Ibid. 222. 28. Of this word I see no probable origin. G. Andr. mentions Isl. Auks as a conteiiiptuous name for the iuad ; caput, in brutis projirie et despicatis appella. tur. Hasard, r. An old dotard. ■J'his all! ha ard c^i-yh ourr fludis bote Sjiretis and liguris in his irne licwit bote. Doug, y'irgi/, 173. 51. HASARTOU^, /. A gamester, oje who plays at games of ha'z./ird. The ha^artoiiris haldis tliame haryit hant thay not the (Ivse. Doug, rirgil, 238. b. 10. HAS • Fr. hasardeur, Chaucer, haaardour. HASCHBALD, !. — V\ld ha.schbalds, haggarbalds and hummcls, Druncarts, d} sours, d) ours, drevels, Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 109. Qu. gluttons, q. hals.buld, powerful in swallow- ing ? Teut. hal -en signifies to gormandize. To HASH, V. a. 1. To slash, S. Fr. hach-er., from Goth, hack-a, secare. 2. To abuse, to maltreat; as, to hash clothes, to abuse them by carelessness; to hash grain ^ to in- jure it by careless reaping, S. The cheering bicker gars them glibly gash O' simmer's showery blinks and winter's sour, Whase floods did erst their mailin's proiluce ^avA. Fergu.ssun's Puems, ii. 56. Hash, s, l. A sloven; one who abuses his clothes, S. 1 canna thole the clash Of this imijertinent auld hash. Ramyai/'^ Poemi, ii. 455. 2. It is used in a more general sense, as if equi- valent to coqj. A set o' dull, conceited hathes Confuse their brains in college classes ; They gang in stirks, and come out asses. — Burns, in. 238. Hashly, adv. In a slovenly manner, Loth. What sprightly (ale in verse can Yarde Expect frae a cauld Scottish bard, AVith brosf and bannocks poorly fed, In hodcn grey right hashly cled ? llamsay''s Poems, ii. 383. Hashmethram, adv. In a state of disorder, top- syturvy, S. Isl. thraum solum transversum, q. thicer urn, G. Andr. ; i. e. distorted on all sides, cross-grain. cd, S. thortour, HASKY, adj. 1. Rank, strong, luxuriant; ap- plied to growing corn or vegetables ; also to man, y4 husky carl, a big raw-boned man, S. B. gosky, synon. 2. Coarse to the taste, unpalatable, S B. 3. Dirty, slovenly; applied to a person, S. B. 4. Applied to coarse or dirty work, S. B. Isl. kask-ur, strcnuus; hence, according (o Ihre, Su G. kare, vir streiuins, praecellens. Mask, dry, parched ; A. Bor. Grose. HASLERAW, Lungwort Lichen, S. Lichen pulmonarius, Linn. HASLOCK, ail/. A term descriptive of the finest wool of the fleece, being the loci that grows on the hals or throat. I'll make }ou a propine, — A tartan plaid, spun of good haslock woo. Scarlet and green the sets, the borders blue. Gentle Shejdicrd, Act i. Scene i. It may be observed, however, that Gael, cea^lach is ex|il. " line wool ;" Shaw. HA^DbOCK, Hassick, s. l. A besom, S. B. HAT 2. It is applied to any thing bushy ; A hassick of hair, a great quantitj' of it on the head, S. " The tillier «is a haavc coiouud sinecrlcss tapie, wi' a great hansick o' hair hingiti in twa- peiinerts about her haliats." Journal froni London, p. 7. 3. A large round turf of peat-moss, in form of a seat, and used as such, S. A. Sibb. expl. it, as not only signifying a bosom, but " any such thing made of riishei, hair," i.^c. It nia>, however, be derived from Sw. hzcass, a rush, junetis ; which seems to be also the origin of E. ha?- svclc, and hask \i'ed by Spenser, as denoting a fish basket. V. Seren. vo. Ila'sock, and Johns. I am not certain, therefore, if, as applied to hair on the head, it may not be a corr. of Ft. ii liausse tjtieue, a phrase melaph. signifying, in great haste. Accor- ding to Cotgr. it allud'.'s to " the fashion of women, who, to make the more haste, tuck up their clothes behind." Perhaps the [irimary allusion was to the binding of the hair loosely on the head. HASTARD, adj. Irascible, S. formed perhaps after the Belg. idiom, q. baasiig aardt, of a cho- leric nature ; or Isl. hastr irabundus, and art natura. HASTER'D, part. pa. " Confounded," S. A. But Meg, wi' the sight, was quite li(ftrem, p. 33. st. 49. V. Hat, and Has row . HAUCH, s. A term used to denote the forcible HAV reiterated respiration of one who exerts all his strength in giving a stroke, S. hecb. . Bissy with wedgcis he Stude schidand ane fouresquare akyn tre. With mony pant, with felloun hauchis and quaikis, Als eft the ax reboundis of the straikis. Doug. Firgil, 225. 28. Rudd. views this as an interj. Germ, hauch, halitus, Belg. hygiiig, panting. V. IIech, v. and s. HAUCHS of a sock, the three points into which the upper part of a ploughshare is divided, and by which it clasps in the wood, Ang. Isl. haeck, Dan. Iicckte, liage, uncus, a hook. Sw. hake, hackt-a, id. HAUGH, Hawch, Hauch, Halche, s. Low- lying flat ground, properly on the border of a river, and such as is sometimes overflowed, S. He gert set wrychtis that war sleye, And in the halche of Lyntaile He gert thaim mak a fayr maner. Barbour, xvi. 336. MS. Amyd the hawches, and euery lusty vale, The recent dew begynnis doun to skale. Doug. Virgil, 449. 25, " The haiighs which ly upon the Glazert and Kelvin, are composed of carried earth, brought down from the hills in floods." P. Campsie, Stir- lings. Statist. Ace. XV. 316. This has been generally derived from Gael, augh, which has the same signification. It may, however, with as much propriety be viewed as a Goth. word. For Germ, hage denotes not only a mall, and a field, but an inclosed meadow ; Wachter. Isl. hage^ a place for pasture; A.S. ge-heige, a meadow. To HAVE, v. a. Mr Macpherson has justly ob- served, that this ■y., besides its common modern acceptations, occurs in several senses which are now obsolete. 1. To carry. " That na man liaue out of the realms gold nor siluer, bot he pay. XL.d. of ilk pund of cnstumc tu the King." Acts Ja. I. 1424. c. 15. Edit. 1566. First se that him to his lang hame thou haue, Doug. Virgil, 168. 14. And thus his spreith he had vnto his in. Ibid. 248. 24. 2. To behave. Of gret pepil the multitude — Commendyt heily his allere, His aporte, and his manere, As he hym haici/t adresly, And his court taucht sa vertuously. fVyntown, is. 27. 318. To HAVER, V. n, To talk foolishly or incohe- rently, S. pron. haiver. Yet gleg-eyed friends throw the disguise Receiv'd it as a dainty [>rize, For a' it was sac haSren. Ramsa}j''s Poems, i. 70. Isl. gifr.a loquifor, gifr battologia; G. Andr. p. 88 : hejer garrulus, Edd. Saemuud. 4 H A V Havers, Haivers, s. Foolish or incoherent talk, jargon, S. Your fable instaiitlie repeat us, And dinna deave us wi' your havers. Rev. J. Nicol's Poems, xi. 101. V. Claver, 1. Haveril, s. One who habitually talks in a fool- ish or incoherent manner ; " a chattering ba/f- tt7«t'J person ;" Gl. Sibb., S. It is often used as an ac(J. Frae some poor poet, o'er as poor a pot, Ye've lear'd to crack sae crouse, ye haveril Scot. Fergussoii's Poems, xi. 75. Poor liav'ril Will fell all the drift.— Jjuras, iii. 126. HAVES, f. pi. " Goods, effects ;" Gl. Sibb. HAUGULL, s. A cold and damp wind blow- ing from the sea, during summer. This word is used on the N. E. coast of S. It is evidently the same with Isl. hajgola, flatus ex oceano spiralis, et refrigerans, from huf the sea, and gola, anc. giootii, a chill breeze ; G. Andr. p. 94. col. 2. The sea, it is said, is denominated haf, on account of the motion and elevation of the ■waves, from hef elevo ; Gl. Kristnisag. V. Dots. TER. HAVINGS, Havins, Hawing, /. l. Carriage, behaviour in general. An oiij. is sometimes conjoined, expressive of quality. Their gadctie havings made me nocht affeird. Bellend. Evergreen, i. 35. st. 8. Bot the King, that wes witty, Persawyt weill, be thair having,, That thai luflyt him na thing. Barbour, vii. 133. MS. The King has sene all thair having, And knew him vveil in to sic thing, And saw thaim all commounaly Off sic contenance, and sa hardy, For owt cffray or abaysing, In his hart had he gret liking. Ibid. xi. 246. MS. 2. Good manners, propriety of behaviour, S. " Hear ye nae word, what was their errand there ?" " Indeed, an't like your honour I dinna ken. For me to speer, wad nae guecd havins been." Ross's Ilelenore, p. 94. V. Vogie. Huvance, manners, good behaviour, Devonsh. Gi. Grose. 3. Weeds, dress, S. B. To ihem he says, Ye'll take this angel sweet. And dress with havins for your mistress meet. Ross's Hetenore, p. 114. Isl. hueverska politeness, civility of manners ; haefverxkur, modest, civil. G. Andr. derives the former from Hebe, Jupiter's waiting maid. But I need scarcely say, that this is a mere fancy. It is obviously from haef, Su.G. hof, manners, conduct; and this from Su.G. haefv-a decere, Isl. hacf-cr, decct, impers. r. Hence also havj'elatr, tcmpcrans, modestus, the last syllable being the same with our hait, Laits, q. t. II A W HAUNTY, adj. !■'■ Convenient, handsome,'* Shirr. Gl. V. Hanty. To HAUP, V. n. To turn to the right, a term used in the management of horses, or cattle in the yoke. It is opposed to ivynd, which signi- fies to turn to the left, or towards the driver", S. " To haupe is generally applied by ploughmen to the forcing the oxen backward, to recover tlie pro- per direction oT the furrow, which is termed haap. ing them buck ; and the word of command to tlie bullocks in this case is, Haape! iiaape back'." Exm. Gl. Grose. This exactly corresponds, in the general meaning, to Isl. hop-a, retro ccdere; hop, hopan, retroces- sio ; G. Andr. p. 1 19. HAW, Ha AVE, adj. 1. Azure ; or a colour be- tween blue and green. The dolorus allaris fast by war vp stent, Crowned with garlandis all of haw sey hewis. Doug. Virgil, 60. 16. Caeruletim, Virg. Thus mekill said sche, and tharwyth bad adew, Hir hcde walit with ane haw claith or blew. Ibid. 445. 9. Gtaucus amictus, Virg. 2. Pale, wan, S. B. — Up there comes twa shepherds out of breath, Rais'd-U'ke and blasting, and as hazD as death. Ross's Ilelenore, p. 23. He look'd sae haave as gin a dwam Had just o'ercast his heart. Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 8. Rudd. refers to hums, the fruit of the hawthorn, Sibb. to Sw. haf, the sea, as the origin. Whether the term may have any ultimate connexion with this, I cannot say. But it is immediately allied to A.S. haewen, glaucus, " gray of colour, or blew, skie- coloured ; Chaucer, heicen, hezeed, coloratus, hoe. uen.gren, alias gren-haeiee, caeruleus, blew, a- zure. " Somner. To HAWGH, v. n. " To force up phlegm with a noise," S. to hawk, E. C. B. hochio, Dan. harck-er, Isl. hraek-ia, sere- arc, hrueke, Dan. harck-en, screatus. HAWYS, imperat. v. Have ye. He cryed, " Houoijs ariiiys hastily." VVi/ntozi^n, ix. 8. 127. i. e. " Take to your arms without delay." Schyr, sen it is sua That ye thus gat your gat will ga, Haicijs gud day ! For agayne will I. Barbour, xiii. 305. MS. Have good day, edit. 1620. This is certainly the meaning. But hawi/s has been used by Barbour as the 2d. sing, imperat. after the A. S. idiom ; as in O. E. we often find tiorketh for icork thou, &c. In the same sense Barbour uses haldis for hold i/e. Ibid, v. 373. MS. Haldis about the Park your way. HAWKIT, adj. Having a white face, having white spots or streaks ; a term applied to cat- tle, S. He maid a hundreth nolt all haickit. Dunbar, Bannutjjne Poems, p. 22. st. 13. Allied perhaps to Gael, gcalc-am to whiten. II E A Utiirt; UauLey, '• a cow, properly one with a w liite face." Nac mail- the hai:kei/.<: shalt thou milk, But change Ihy i)hiiiliiii;-coat for silk, AnJ be a lady of that ilk, Now, Peggy, since the kind's come. Rumsitj/'s Foems, ii. 96. The term is also used to denote " a stupid fcl- low," Shirr. Gl. HAWK, s. A dung fork. V. Hack, 2. HAWSE, s. The throat. \Vi' Highland wliisky scour our hmcses. — Fergusson's Focins, ii. 14. V. Hals, H.\ZEL-RAW, s. Lichen pulmonarras, S. " Lungwort Lichen. Anglis. Hazkraw, Sco- tis." Lightfoot, p. 831. This is found " upon the trunks of old trees, in «li;uly woods." Ibid. HE, s. A male, S. B. Slic well nu'ith be. Gentle or simple, a niaik to any he. Ross's Ililenore, p. 17. He and He. l. Every one. The Troianis with him samyn, he and he, Murraurit and beniyt on the ilke wyse. Doi/g. riijil,' 140. 27. 2. Both, the one and the other. — Coupis ful of wyne in sacrifyce About the altaris yi'tiis he and he. ■ Ibid. 113. 13. Hie it ilk. Virg. HE, Hee, Hey, adj. High ; heiar., higher. The grct kyrk of Sanct Andrewis he He fowndyd. Wyntozcn, vii. 7. 259. A.'?<. heu, hch, Dan. /lo/, ls\. haii. Hence hclj/, highly. This dede Walays at Strcvelync, And hclj/ wes connnondyt syne. IVi/nioien, viii. 13. 172. A. S. heatice, alte. To He, Hee, Hey, v. a. l. To raise high, to heighten ; Dunbar. Jle send for uiaysoujs fer and nor. That sleast war oil that niyster, And f;erl weill x fu(e hri/ the wall About Berwykis (oune our all. Burbour, xvii. 939. MS. A.S. he-an, id. ■>. To raise in rai.k, to dignify ; hej'it, part. pa. The Kmj; his ire hiiii forgave: And for (o hit/ his slate him gave Murrelf, and Erie thareotl him maid. liuihoia\ X. 264. MS. 1 wale Weill thai sail noeht faill To he rewardyt Weill at ryeht, Quhen ye ar hc^it to your niycht. Ibid. iv. 667. MS. HEAD-LACE, s. A narrow ribbon for binding the head; pron. q. headless., Ang. synon. snood. HEADLINS, adv. Headlong, S. B. 1 I'hiyd ;i bei'i'i- j.rank ; 1 gard a witch fa' headlins in a stank, II E A As she was riding on a wiudie strae. Ross's Jlelcnore, p. 04. HEAD-MARK, s. Observation of the features of man or any other animal, S. " An intelligent herd knows all his sheep from personal acquaintance, called head-mark, and can swear to the identity of a sheep as he could do to that of a fellow servant." P. Linton, Tweedd. Sta. tist. Ace. i. 139. HEADSMAN. V. Hedisman. HEADSTALL, s. The band that forms the upper part of a horse's collar, bridle or branks^ Ang. A.S. x/eulle, locus, q. the ;)^«ce for the head. HEADUM AND CORSUM, topsy-turvy. To lie headum and coisum, to lie with the head where the heels should be, Dumfr. Head and cross, q. across. Or it may allude to the form of our old silver money, in which the King's head was on one side, and a cro.^s, S. corss, on the other; as the same allusion to tnodern money is vulgarly expressed by heads or tfiils. In like man- ner heads and thrairs signifies higgledy-piggledy, S. The Sw. have a similar 'hrase, llcters och tzcaers, i. e. here and across or athicart- To HEAL, V. a. To conceal. V. Heild. HEARY. V Herie. HEARKNING, i-. Encouragement, S. B. And for the gear, his father well can draw; For he's nae boss, six score o' lambs (his year; That's hearkniiig guced, the match is feer for feer, Ross's Helenore, p. 21. If this be not a corr. of heartening from the E. «., it may he allied to Isl. harica af sier, fortiter so habere et praestare bono animo; harka, fortitudo, herkin, fortis ; from hurdr., hard, durus ; G. Andr. p. 107. : or O. Teut. herek.en, atl'ectare, cum affectu quaerert^ aut pctere ; Kilian. To HEART UP, V. a. To encourage, to hear- ten, S. HEARTENING, s. Encouragement, S. " To the great disgrace of many preachers, to the heartening and hardening of lewd livers, — men, whose life was full of scab & scandales — , are — decked & husked vp with (lowers of rhetorick, so wrapped vp into hyperboiick commendations as it were into a seare-cloath, for thereby to keepe close within smothered the stinking smell of their most filthie memorie." Z. Boyd's Last Battell, p. 1053, « HEARTY, adj. 1. Cheerful, gay, S. Come, deary, gee's a sang, And let's be heartjj with the merry thrang. Ross's IJelenore, p. 117. 2. Liberal, not parsimonious, S. HEARTSCALD, Heartscad, s. l. Heart- burning pain, at the stomach. Tho' cholic or the heart-scad tease us, Or oiiy inward ilwaam should sieze us, It masters a' sic ('''.II diseases. — Fergitsson's Poems, xi. 40. 2. A disgust, S. 3. Metaph. regret, remorse ; nearly synon. with H E C H E C E. heart-burning in its figurative sense. " What an heart-sculU should this bee vnto us, that wee have so long neglected (his best part, not remembering our latter end ?" Z. Boyd's Last Bat. tell, p. I'i66. The last syllable is S. scady the same with E. scald, Bel^. schaud-en. HEARTSOME, adj. i. Merry, cheerfiil, S. Dear Katie, Willy's e en away ! Willy, of herds the wali-, — Ay heartsume when he cheer'd our sight, And leugh wi.h us all day. Riiin-aj/s Poems, ii. 42. 2. Causing cheerfulness ; applied to place, S. A' our siglis are vain. For never mair she'll grace tlie licai tsome green. liaiiiiaj/'x I'uemsy ii. 16. HEATHER,/. Heath, S. \ . Haddyr. Heather-bells, s. pi. The blossoms of heath, S. Blue lietherbells BlooDi'd bonny ou moorland and sweet rising fellt. Ramsay's I'uenis, ii. 105. At barn or byre thou shait iia drudge, Or naethiiig else to trouble thee ; But stray ainang the hcthcr-bells. And tent the waving corn « i' me. liiir/if!, iv. 81. Heather-birns, j. p/. The stalks and roots of burnt heath, S. V. BiRN. Heather-clu, /. The ankle, Ang. q. what cleaves or divides the heath in walking ; Su.G. klyfw-a, Isl. klofv-a, to cleave. HeaTHERIE, adj. Heathy, S. / Thy bard loue-daiulenn gacs. Thro' cowslip banks, and heathrie braes. — Rev. J. AVco^A Pueins, i. 98. HEAWE EEL, the conger, Muraena conger, Linn. " ( onger ; our fishers call it the Jleasze Ee/, 'tis usually some two clls long, and nf the grossness of the ulf of a man's leg." Sib bald's Fife, p. 121. This is nearly allied to its Sw. name htifs.afd, i. e. sea-eel. V. Seren. lleuice has evidently the saiiii- sigiiilication with hiif. V. IIaaf. To HECH, Hegh, (gun.) v. n. To breath hard or uneasily, to pajOt, S. Teut. hij^luen. Germ, huuch-en, to breath quick- ly ; Belg. hj/f(-eii, to pant, to putt'. Hech, Hegh, s. The act of panting, S. Rudd. vo. Hauch. V. Hauch. Hence, llegh-hejj. q. v. HECHIS, j-. pi. The hatches of a ship. — The plankis, hechis, and moiiy tirokin are, That on the streme went tletand here and there. Doug. Virgd, 3-2G. 25. To HECHT, Heycht, v. n. i. To call, to name. There was an ancient ciete )iec]U Cartage. Doug. Virgil., 13. 23. O. K. hight, id. Henry toke his way toward the Emperoure, To the Emperour of Aluiayn his douliter to gyue. Malde hight that maydcn, a fayrer mot non lyuc. That mayden moder hight Malde the gode quene. R. Brunne, p. 105. 2. To promise, to engage. Thai may weill monyss as thai will; And thai may hecht als to fulfill, With stalwart hart, thair bidding all. Barbour, xii. 384. MS. Than hecht thai all to bide with hartlye wilk IVallace, iii. US. MS. Hetc, hight, 0. E. Seynt Edmunde the martire his help I yow hole. R. Brun!ie,'p. 148. He had hold his way as he had hight. Chaucer, fV. Bath's T. v. 6G06. 3. To oiFer, to proffer, S. The Miller he hecht her a heart leal and loring : The Laird did address her wi' matter mair mov.. ing, A fine pacing horse wi' a clear chained bridle, A whip by her side, and a bonie sido-saddle. Burns, iv. 54. 4. To command. Hidder at the command of Jouc cummin am I, Quhilk from thy nauy stanchit the fyrc, quod he, And from hie heuin at la.st hecht reuth on the. Doug. Virgil, 152. 10. Literally, commanded pity ; mificratus, Virg. A. S. hat-an, Su.G. het-a, and Isl. heit-a are used in these dilierent senses ; signifying, vocare, promit- tere, jubere; also .\Iem. hei-an, hei:z-aii ; ^locs.G. hait-an, to call, to command, ga-huit-un, to pro- mise ; Germ. Ae/is-e/i, to call, to command. From Isl. heit-a, promitlere, vovere, and kona, a woman betrothed is called hcitkona. Hecht, Heycht, s. A promise, an engage- ment. This word is still used. Loth. If that thow gevis, deliver quhen thow hechtis, And sufRr not thy hand thy hecht delay. Bannaljjne Poems, p. 148. To (hat this King gert put his selc : Bot in that hejcht he wes noucht lele. fVyntown, viii. 18. 12. Bruce uses the old Prov. in which this term signi. fics a promise, rather in an improper sense, as if it denoted a jiredictioii whether of good or evil. '• For so soonc as I heard the prophet say, that I snld dv, so soone I begouth to mak me for it; for gif M hecht s had, as the Prophete hath said, gif 1 get no outgait in (he mercie of God, 1 man die." Eleven Scrm. G. 2, a. Isl. heit, votum. HECK, s. A rack for cattle. V. Hack. To HECKLE, Hekle, v. a. To fasten by meant of a hook., fibula, or otherwise. The gown and hoiss in clay that claggit was. The hude hecldj/t^ and maid him for to pass. / ( a/ luce , V i 4 5 3 . I n M S . /< cldj/t. Tfut. hueck.e?!, to tix with a hook, from hoc t, a hook ; Su.G. hutkt-a, fibula connectcre; hackle, fibula, uncinoliis, quo vestis constringitiir. H.nce also haekle, huektclse, a prison, a iilace « here persons are bound or fastened. Tiie origin is hal;e, a hook, huk-u to lay hold of with a hook. isl. hack, fibula. II E D H E E To HECKLE, V. a. l. To dress flax, S. hacik, E. •• Metaph. to tease with questions, to examine severely, S. One who has undergone a strict examinatior, or been sharply handled in a course of probation, is said to have come o'er the bccik-pins, S. Johns, derives haclle from hack to chop; not ob- serving that Tent. Jiekei-en has precisely the same meaning; carniinare, pecterc linuni ; Sw. hackla, id. The latter is also used metaph. llackla naegoii, to find fault with one, to censure one; Widcg. The teeth of the kacilc are in like manner called hacckle. pinn-ar. The origin is Teut. hiicck, Su.G. haie, cuspis incurvus, a hooked point. Heckle, s. A fly, for angling, dressed mere- ly with a cock's feather, S. from its resem- blance of a comb for dressing flax. Heckler, s. A flaxdresser, S. Teut. hekdacr, Sw. haeklare, id. V. Hekkil, Heckleback, s. The fifteen spined Stickleback, a fish ; Gasterostcus spinachia, Linn. " Aciileatiis niarinus longns, Shonfeldii ; our fishers call it the Stroiiachic or Heckleback.'''' Sibb. Fife, p. 128. The name is evidently borrowed from its resem- blaiire to a hackle or ilax-corab. HEDDER-BLUTER,Hetherblutter,j. The bittern. The Ilobic and the Heddcrbluter Aloud the Gac to be thair tutor. Burcl's Pilgremer, fVat^on's Coll. ii. 27. " A bird, which the people here call a hether Olut/er, perhaps it is the bittern, (it makes a loud roaring noise), built its nest on the island in the loch, about eight or nine years ago : but as some su- jjcrstitious |)eople suggested that its lo'.id and un- common cries forboded no good, [it was] soon either destroyed or banished." 1'. Galston, Ayrs. Statist. Ace. ii. 72. This is undoubtedly a corr. of the name. Aelfr. in his Gl. expl. hacfcnblaclc bugiura, viewed as an error for hiiteo vel butio, a buzzard. HEDDLES, Hedeles, Kiddles, s. pi. The small cords through which the warp is passed in a loom, after going through the reed, S. cal- led also the grait)>, because necessary to prepare the warp for being wrought. VV'iih subtell sla) is, and liir hcdeles slee Kichc lenye wobbis nailly weiffitsche. Dmig. Virgil, 204. 45. " The principal part of the machinery of a loom, Tulgarly called the Guam or lliddles, composed of eyed or hooked threads, through which the warp passes, and which, being alternately raised and de. pr;ised by the motion of the feet on the Treadles, raises or depresses the warp, and makes the shed for transmitting the shuttle with the weft, or something similar, si'ems also to have been called Llcia ; hence, Licia ielae addere, to prepare the web for weaving, to begin to weave; Virg. G. i. 285." Adam's Rom. Anti(j. p. 523. The analogy between this term and that used in Isl. can not be easily accounted for. Ilaafhalld, vulgo hufudld, ncxura quibus stamina licio annex, untur, ut fiat filorum volutio, et texturae pro trama transitus: G. Andr. p. 105. lie derives it from hafr, haf, threads, yarn. HEDE-STIKKIS, s. pi. <■<■ A species of artil- lery ; likewise denominated stoci-fowlers and staggs," Gl. Compl. " Mak reddy your cannons, hede stikkis, miirdrcsaris." Corapl. S. p. 84. Su.G. s/ijcke, in re bellica tormentum niajus; Ihre. Germ, stuck, tormentum bellicum ; V/achler. Teut. stuck. geschti/i, tormentum aeneum, bombarda; Kilian. These terms primarily signify a part, a por. tion. Ihre says, he will tell why this term is trans- ferred to artillery, when the Fr. have told why they use the word piece in the same sense. The s. hede may have been prefixed, as denoting a principal piece, a large cannon ; as in Teut. a principal per- son, a captain, is called hoofd-stiick. HEDE-VERK, s. A head-ache. " Til cschaip the euyl accidentis that succedia fra the onnatural dais sleip, as caterris, hedever- kis, and indegestione, I thocht it necessair til ex-' cerse me vitht sum actyue recreatione." Compl. S. p. 56. A. S. heafod-zeaerc, cephalalgia; toaerc signifying an ache or pain. Ilead-wark, id. Northumb. Lan. cash.; Teeth-zcark, the tooth-ache. HEDY PERE. s. Of equal stature or age, S. Rudd. pi. hedisfieres ; head and peer, Fr, pair, l^at. par i q. whose heads are on a level, who are of equal height. HEDISMAN, Headsman, s. A chief, a prin- cipal man in a district. Glaid wox the Troyane Acestes, and but mare Did make proclame thare merkettis and thara fare ; And al the kedis»ien gadderis and set doun, Stabillis thare lawis and statutis for that toun. Doug. Virgil, 153. 18. Patres, Virg. q. Patricians. " This trubyll was pecifyit with smal labour, fra the heiddismcn (be quhom the first occasionn rais) war punist." Bellend. B. ix. c. 30. Cesisque duci- bus; Boeth. " The King seeing he dantoned the North-coun« try and the Isles, and tharcthrough he fand he had great peace and rest, and there was great riches and policy, by the taking of the headsmen of the coun- try, and putting of them in ward ; and so conquest great love of the commons, because of the peace and rest in his time." Pitscottie, p. 152. A.S. heafod-rnan, primas, dux, praepositus; te- nens in capite; Su.G. htijwudman, antesignanus ; Isl. hcwfttdsmadr, capitaneus ; hooft-man, praefec- tus, princeps; et dux militura; Kilian. HEELIE, adj. Slow ; also, adv. slowly, Aberd. V. HULY. HEELIEGOLEERIE, adv. Topsy-turvy, in H E F a state of confusion, Ang. tapsalteerie, heels o'er gowdie, synon. HEELS O'ER GOWDY, topsy-turvj, S. B. V. GoWDY. HEELS O'ER HEAD, adv. l. Topsy-turvj, in a state of disorder, S. Now l)y this time tlic house is hrels o'er heail. For ae thing some, and some anither said. Rom's Htlciiore, p. 86. 2. Without distinction, or particular enumera- tion, S. HEEPY, s. A fool, a stupid person, S. But Mause begrutten was and bloer'd, Look'd thowless, dowf, and sleepy ; Auld Waggy ken'd the wyte, and sneer'd, Cau'd her a poor daft heepj/. Rumnay's Poems, i. 273. In thcGl. tliis is explained " a person hypochon. driac," as if formed from the E. word. Callander, however, MSS. Notes on Ihrc, renders it " a stu- pid man," viewing it as allied to Sii.G. haepen, at- tonitus, thunderstruck, haepiia, obstupcscere. V. Haip. HEER, HiER of yarn, the sixth part of a /jesp or hank; or the twenty-fourth part of a spyndle, S. "• The rock and the spindle were then used, by which a woman could spin at an average only 3y hiers in a daj'. — A hier is 240 threads, or rounds of the reel, each of them 91 inches long." P. Leth- not, Forfars. Statist. Ace. iv. 19. Perhaps allied to Isl. hoor, linum rude, lineamen- tum ; G. Andr. p. 107 ; or originally the same with Su.G. haerf-ica, a handful of yarn, a skain ; pen- sum fili, quantum scilicet verticillo semel explicatur, Colo exceptum ; Ihre, p. 788. To HEEZE, Heezy, V. Heis, Heisie. To HEFT, V. n. l. To dwell, Aberd. This word is evidently the same with Su.G. haefd. a, colere, possidere. Konungr take ey aalla haefdi slna undiduna gods ; Let not the king take or possess the fields or goods of his subjects ; Kou. Sty r. This, as Ihre observes, coincides both in sound and sense with the Lat. cognate hubit-o. He, certainly with ]>ropriet)', views haefda as a frequentative from hafic- a, habere. Alem./Ji/An//«isexpl.inhabifantcni,Schil. ter, vo. Buen. Germ, tcoiihaftig, douiiciliatus, Ibid, q. hefted to a Konning or place of dwelling. 2. It is used in a transitive sense, as signifying, to cause or " accustom to live in a place," Gl. Rams. S. For sindle times they e'er come back, Wlia ancs are heftii there. Rutnsay's Poems, ii. 44. The s. is written Haft, q. v. To HEFT, V. a. To confine, to restrain. A cow's milk is said to be heftit^ when it is not drawn off for some time, S. This inhuman cus- tom very generally prevails, that the ladder may make a great appearance in a market. Teut. haff.en, tencre, tigere, to which Sibb. re- fers on the preceding word, is more analogous to this. Su.G. hacft-a, impcdire, detinere. It pri- marily signifies to seize, to lay hold of; and is, like HEY the former, a frequentative from hafxa. Isl. kefte, cocrceo, haft, a knot. Germ, hiift-en, to hold fast, Belg. hefl.en, to detain ; A. S. haeftUng a captive, Sw. haefta tenesmus, are all radically allied. HEGESKRAPER, s. A designation given to an avaricious person. Ane curlorons colle, that hege-sh-nper, He sittis at hamc qnhen that thay baik. That pcddcr brybour, (hat scheijj-kcipar, He tellis thamc ilk ane caik by caik. Pedder Coff'eis, Baiuwtijne Poems, p. 171. st. 7. Q. one who may be said even to scrape hedges from covctousness; or synon. with 'I'eut. hegh-dief, viator, latro; also one who lurks about hedges that, he may steal and spoil; Kilian. It is probable, however, that the term niay be used in a different sense; especially as the passage contains a descrip- tion of the most rigid household economy. Germ. huge signi6es a house, hag-en to receive under one's roof, to cherish ; Isl. hug-speki is the kno.v. ledge of household affairs; hag-raeda to consult about family management, hag-ur the state of fami. ly matters. HEGGERBALD, s. Thou and thy quean as grcidy gleds yc gang, — Foul haggerbuld, for hens (Lis will yc hang. Du7ibar, Evergreen, ii. 55. st. 13. Dunbar also writoi it Iluggarbuld, q. v. But the sense seems quite uncertain. A. S. higre is a bonds- man. Thus it might signify a bold or presumptuous slave. HEGH-HEY, Hegh-how, Heigh-how, intt'iy. Expressive of langour or fatigue, sometimes of sorrow, S. Heigh hej/! she says, as soon as she came near. There's been a langsome day to me, my dear. Ross's Uelenore, p. C6. Heigh hozo is hcavysome. An old wife is dowisome. And courtesy is cumbersome To them that cannot shew it. Kelljj, p. 156. 157. HEICH, (gutt.) adj. High, S. King Eolus set heich apoun his chare. Dong. Virgil, 14. 51. A. S. heah, heag, MoesG. hauhs, Belg. heagh. Seren. mentions the very ane. Scythic word ha, id. as the root. To Height, m. a. To raise. V. Hicht. HEYCHT, s. A promise, V. Hecht. HEID, Hed, term, denoting state or quality ; as in bairnheid, youthheid ; corresponding to E. hood, A. S. had., hade, Su.G. had, Alem. Germ. heit, Belg. hejd, persona, status, qualitas. Germ, keit, is used in a similar manner. Ihre conjectures that the term is from Su.G. het-a^ A. S. hat-an, MoesG. hait-an, to name, name and person being often used as synon. HEYDIN, Heything, Heithing, Hethyng, s. Scorn, mockery, derision. Quha awcht thai horss, in ^et heilhing he ast; - 4 D H E Y He was full sle, and ck had mony cast. }ytriither in Fife. John highte that on, and Alcin highte that other, Of o foun were they born, that highte Strother, Fer in the North, 1 can not tellen where. It is also used by 11. Brunne. AUe is thy hething fallen opon the. Cron. p. 273. Although Skinner had explained /jc/yje^j mockery, it is surprising that Rudd. should " incline to think that drive to hething ■ signilics to traverse the country, q. to go a heathing, i. e. through less fre- qiiented places, to seek for a match among the No- niadcs, mentioned in the next verse;" especially as a few lines below, the phrase is repeated precisely in the same sense. Thus dreuin to hething, and all thy grace bi- waue, Tynt woman, aliace, bcris thou not yit in mynd The manswcring of fals Laomedonis kynd ? Do'ig. Firgil, 119. 8. Quismeaufem (fac velle) sinet? ratibusque su- perbis Irrixum accipict? ncscis hen, perdita, &c. V'irg. Sibb. renders hething, huilhing, " q. outhing, swearing, cursing, banning." Both Rudd. and he, on the sujiposition of its signifying mockery, think that it '• may be the same as hooting." But there is no nlliuily, Isl. haednc, hucthne, illndendi actio, hacdin, In- dibriosus, haiidgiiirn, ilhisor, (i. one who yeiirns for sport at the expenre of others ; haed-a. Su.G. id. to expose to derision, ilhulcre, irridere; liud, lb\. haad, H E I Indibrium, illusio ; hadungar gahb, sarcasmus, ilia- sio contumeliosa : Verel. The radical terra is un- doubted!) isl. Ay.«, ludilico, derideo ; whence hop og hy, saltatio et lusus; G. Andr. p. 112. It seems doubtful, whether Alem. hun contumelia, opprobri- um, hon.en illudere, contumelia atTicere, Gl. Pez. gihontost illudisti, be radically the same. Fr. honte shame, disgrace, 19 evidently from the latter. HEIGHEING, j. A command, an order. After him he sent an heigheing, Fram court he dede him be. iir Tri'-trem, p. 182. V. Hecht, s. HEIL, Heyle, Heill, Hell, Heal, s. Health, S. Mastir Jhone Blayr to Wallace maid him boune ; To se his heyle his comfort was the mor. Wallace, v. 547. MS. " Doiniciane empriour aduertist of his vehement dolour, causit hyrn to returne in Italy to recouir his heil be new air aud fude." Bellend. Cron. Fol. 46. a. Auld Colin says, He wad be in the wrang, Gin frae your heal he held you short or lang. Ro.ss\'i Helenure, p. 30. And DOW the sun to the hill-heads gau speal, Spreading on trees and plants a growthy heal. Ibid. p. 65. Makync, the howp of all ray heill. My hairt on the is set. Bannalyne Poems, p. 102. st. 15. I am not certain, that here it is not used in tha secondary sense of Su.G. hel, as denoting felicity. It occurs in O. E. Tille Acres thei him led, better hele to haue. R. Brunne, p. 192. A. S hael, Su.G. hel, salus, sanitas. To HEILD, Heill, Heyl, Heal, Hele, v. a. To cover. — Thair gownys, deliuerly, That heylyt thaira, thai kest away. Barbour, viii. 469. MS. The party popil grane Heildit his hede with skug Herculeane. Dong. I'irgiL 250. 51. 2. To conceal, to hide, S. heal, Gl. Shirr. Stoup-fulls of crouds and ream she aft wad steal. And cou'd her souple tricks frae minny heal. Ross\s Hclenore, p. 30. 3. To defend, to save ; used obliquely. Thay cast dartis tliikfald thare lord to heild, Wyth schaftis schot and llanys grete plente. Doug, f'irgil, 348. 36. It signifies to cover in various parts of K. Htlid is used in this sense by IViclif. " The scliip was hilid with wawis ;" Matt. viii. Unh/le, to un- cover. " Thei unhiliden the roof where he was;" Mark ii. A. S. hcl-an, Isl. Intel. a, tcgere, to cover; Su.G. hacLa, iil. Alem. hel-an, Crerm. hef-en, Belg. hccl-cn, Isl. hyl-iu, occnltare, to hide. Bolli Rudd. and Ihre refer (o Lat. cel-o, h aud c being letters of- ten interchanged. ]jat. cocl-um and cil-ium are sup- /^9ly/|n^,v ,. /%, 2-^ i^ II E I posed to belong to the same family. The latter is exnl. by Isidore, teamen oculoniiii. Sibb. derives hell t'roiu heyl to cover. Junius with less probahility deduces it froui /((.// aulruni, a hole or pit; Etym. The idea of Ihre deserves attention, that flic primary nieaniiiiT of Su.G. hacl. is death ; and, that as this word occurs in all the Sc> thian dia. lects, the nauic was given to death, before it was used with respect to the mansions of the dead. It is still used in composition ; as huclsol a mortal disease, huelican a sjuiptom of death, slua i hacl, to put to death. Isl. huel, licl/a, is the Ilecate, or Lethe, of the Edda, the goddess supposed to have the power of death. It must be acknowledged, however, that in iloesG., the n)ost ancient dialect of the Gothic we are acquainted with, ha/Je has no other sense than that of the place of sulfering. Heildyne, s. Covering. Olf gret gestis a sow thai maid, That stalrrart hciUlijne aboyn it had. Uurbour, xvii. 598. MS. A. Bor. hj/lling, stragulum; a bed hilling, a quilt or coverlet, Xorthumb. This is c Tiainly the mean, ing of a term left as not understood by llitson. Your fester pery at your heed, Curtaines with poi)injayes white and rede. Your hi/llijnges with furres of armyne, Powdred with golde of hew full fyne. E. Met. Rum. iii. 180. To HEILD, Heyld, -j. n. l. To incline. This guilcly carvell taiklit iraist on raw, — Now sank scho law, now hie to heuin up heil- dit. Palice of Honour, iii. 9. 2. Metaph. to give the preference. This is the word used in MS. Barbour, vi. 353. where it is hald. Pink, edit., hold, edit. 1620. 1 wald til hard) ment hi\i/ld haly, AVith thi avsay war foly : JFor hardymenr with foly is wice. Bot hard_\ment that luellyt is AVith wyl, is worschip ay, perde ; For, but wyt, worschiji may nocht be. A. S. hcld-aii, hjjld-an, Su.G. haell-a, Isl. hall. a, Teut. hvld-en. Germ, hell-en, anc. hald-eii, inclina. re ; A. S. heald, bending. 2 o heald a vessel, to in- cline it to one side in order to empty it ; to heal, to lean or incline to one side, Northumb. Heild, j. On heild, inclined to one side. Eneas houit siil the schot to byde, Hym schroudand vnder hys armour and his scheild, Bowaad his hoch, and stude a lytic on heild. Doug. Virgil, 427. 41. V. the v. HEILIE, adj. Holy ; or having the appearance of sanctity. lleilie harlottis, in hawtane wyis. Come in with mony sindrie gyis. Dunhar, Uaniia/^iie Poems, p. 27. Alem. Germ, heilig, Su.G. helig, A. S. haelig. V. Haly. HEILY, Hely, HielY, adj. Proud, haughty. Thay begin not quhair thair fathers b^'gan. Botj with ane heil^ hart, baith doft and derft, HEY Thay ay begin quhair that thair fathers left. Priests of Peblis, Pink. S. P. R. i. 9. The reason is here given why — Bnrges bairnis— thryvc not to the thrid air. Mr Pink. expl. this sil/i/. But the sense is deter- mined by the use of the same term by Doug. This ilk Numanus Remulus in that stede Before the froiifis of the batellis yede, — Richt proude and hiclj/ in his breist and hert, That nenlingis of the kinrik was ane part To hym befel, his grete estate this wise Voustand he schew with clamour and loud cryis. firgil. 298. 46. Tumidus is the word expl. by both epithets. Knaifatica coif misknawis himsell, Quhcn he gcttis in a furrit goun ; Grit Lucifer, maisler of hell, Is nocht sa helie as that loun. Itannu/j/ne Poems, p. 171. st. 5. It occurs in Wallace. A sone he had ner xx yer of age: Into the touu he usyt t-uerilk day, Tlire men or four thar went with him to play; A hel^ schrew, wauton in his entcnt; Wallace he saw, and towart him he went. B. i. 21 1. MS. Hielj/, edit. 1648. " Fynallie, thai brek this commaud, that ar in thair wordis prydful, helie, vaine glorious, thai that auantis or prysis thame self of thair wisdome, rych- teousiies, ryches, strenth, or ony vther thing." Abp. Ilamiltoun's Catechisme, 1551. Fol. 32. a. b. The term is also used adverbially, Priests of Peblis, p. 42. I have na ma freinds for to cum to, Bot ane the quhilk is callit my thrid freind; — And as my froind he was not in my mynde; Bo* hclelie and liehtlie of him leit : And now to him thus mon I ga and greit. The copulative between the adverbs precludes the idea of wholli/ being the sense. As allied to liehtlie, it may signify contemptuously . This may be deduced from A. S. healic, heahlie, summus, sublimis, excelsus, q. high-like ; or heallic, aulicus, palatinus, belonging to a prince's court. HEYND, Hende, adj. l. Gentle, courteous. Quhen that F.neas heynd, curias, and gude, Thare peticioun sa ressonabyl vuderstude, As man that was fullillif of bounfe, Thare hale desire ful glaidlie gianiit he. Doug. I'irgil, 363. 53. Hende is used by Chaucer and other old E. writers in the same sense. 2. Expert, skilful. Ane hastie hcnsour, callit Harie, Quha was an archer hej/nd, Tytt up ane tackle withouten tary. Chr. Kirk, st. 10. It is sometimes used substantively. He had that het/nd to ane hall, hiely on hight. Gaican and Gol. i. 15. Thus that halhel in high withholdes that hende. Sir Gazcan and Sir Gal. ii. 28. Skinner views hende, q. handj/ or handsome; Rudd. deduces it from A. S. hyndene, societas, q. so- ciable. Sibb. with more probability refers to A. S. 4 D2 H E I gc-hi/naii, hiimiliari'. Ge-hynde, ge~hsende, gf- /iciidc, hiiiniliatiis, has consiJurabl.' resemblance. But perhaps the term most nearly allied in si^nilica- tioM, is Sii.G. ls\. hj/ggin, priiiiens : and although the form be dili'erent, g is often lost in pronouncing A. '<. high-nil, inleutus, from hig-iaii, h]. hjjgg-a, attenileie, Uan. /ii;^.fr, desiderare. The origin hhige, animus, tlie mind. Tent, hrgh-e/i, hegeii-en, instru. ere, oruare, colere ; educarc; fovere; are apparent- ly from the same source. Heyndnes, t. Gentleness. Servit this Quene Dame Plesance, all at richt, — Conning, Kyndncs, Het/ndnef^^ and llonestie. King Hart, i. 13, HEYND, s. A person. Airajit ryallie about witli-mony riche wardoiir, That Nature, full nobilie, auuamilit line v^ith tlouris Of alkin hewis under hewin, that ony heynd knew. Fragrant, all full of fresche odour fynest of smell. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 45. The term, as here used, is more nearly allied to Su.Cr. hlun, an individual, a person, than to A. S. lij/ne, a servant. The Su.G. word occurs only in a secondary sense for a servant. V. Hvne. HEIR, s. Army, or warlike retinue. He did the coiKjuer to knaw all the cause quhy, That all his hatliillis in the heir hailly on higlit, How he wes wounyng of wer with Wawane the wy. Gazcan and Gul. iv. 24. i. e. " He informed the conqueror of all the rea- sons of his yielding ; and that all the nobles in his army, who from on high viewed the conilict, were convinced that he was overcome by Gawan." For it seems necessary to view haillj/ as a verb. It may signify to conlirni or ratify, A. S. halg.ian, sancire. A. S. here, Su.G. Isl. hiier, Germ, her, exercitus. V. Ilr.uF. HEIR DOWNE, adv. Below on this earth. Complane I wald wist I qiihome till, — Quhidder (o God, that all thing stcirs, — Or unto warldlir prince heir doicne. Diiiil/ar. Maitland Poems, p. 109. HEIRIS, s.pl. Masters, K. Hart. V. Her, s. i. HEYRD, Heyrt. To gang or gae heyrd, to stornn, to fume, to be in a violent rage, Ang. beyte, synon. If seems questionable if hyrit be not used in this seuNe, in the following passage, as descriptive of the enthusiasm of two pilj^riins held up to ridicule. To rowme (iipy «ere inspyrif ; — Tuk up thair taijiis and ail thair taggis, /•'ure fiiiih as tli.iy war fyrit; Tuk counsall ji Kukew criii;^is. Than hame, as thay war hijril, — Cum Symmye and his Bruder. Chron. S. P. i. 360. Thus Sw. hira denotes the staggers in a horse- Scnn. Su.G. hyr-a, hir-a, vcrtiginc agi, to become giddy ; Isl ticr-at furore, aeir funosus {oodr oc acir, insanus et furiosus. Acd-a and aer-ast are given as synon. Su.G. //)•-« cum impetu fcrri, to be hurried a- H E Y way, ^;' furious ; Isl. A_yr fire, ^^r-a heat. Alcm. wr ferus, iralus. Schilterderives it from Goth, or-a, orr. a, hurr-a, se movere. Belg. erre ira, iratus ; A. S. erre, ijrre, iratus. HEIRLY, adj. Honourable, magnificent. Farte of the feild Was silver sett with a hairt, Itrirly and he. Houlate, ii. 8. Mr Pink. expl. herlie heartily. 15ut this is evi- dently the same with Germ, herlich clams, illustris, Su.G. Iierrlig magniHcus, A. S. haerlic landabilis. Various teruis have been referred to as the root; Germ, her high, her glory, herr, a lord; Su.G. haer, an army. Kven supposing that the adj. had been immediately formed from her glory, which seems the proximate idea; it is by no means impro- bable, that this may be ultimately resolved into haer, her, an army. For the ancient Goths had no idea of glory, save what was gained by arms. And it is to be regretted, that this idea is far from being relinquished by their descendants. Analogous to this. Germ, hcrzog, a duke, properly signifies the leader of an army ; A. S. hertoga, Su.G. haertig, Isl. hcrtog ; from haer exercitus, and tog.a ducere. HEIRISCHIP. V. Herschip. To HEIS, Heys, Heeze, v. a. To lift up, E. hoise. Pret. heissit. All samyn haistand with ane pauis of tre Heissit togiddir. Doug. Virgil, "295. 6. Rudd. mentions A. S. heahsian, id. But I can- not find it in any Lexicon. Su.G. hiss.a, Belg. hys-en, from Dan. hoei, altus. A. S. heah, id. Heis, Heeze, Heys, Heisie, s. i. The act of lifting up. 'JMie samyn wyse, as thay commandit ware, Thay did anone, Towart the left wyth mony heis and hale Socht al our Hot fast bayth with rouch i.nd sale, Doug. Virgil, H7. 21. 2. Aid, furtherance, S. B. Gin that be true, I'll gie the match a hec~e, And try to cure auld Helen o' the bees. Shirrefs'' Poems, p. 77. Ha, heh ! thought I, I canna say But I may cock my uosc the day, When Hamilton the bauld and gay Lends me a heezy. Ranttaj/'s Poems, ii. 328. 3. The act of swinging, Loth. 4. Used, in a general sense, as denoting any thing that discomposes one, synon. taissle. iMy gutcher And if I ran but get it drawn, - 1 shall lay baith my lugs in pawn, That he shall get a heezjj. Ritsoii's S. Songs, i. 183. The word now luost commonly used is hei.ue, hee- zie ; one is said to get a /it!\>zf in a rough sea. Heeze) however, is used for a lift, or help, Ang. Heys and How, a sea cheer. Thi' noyis vpsprange of iiiony marinere, Byssy at tharc werke, to takilling euery tow, L'ft a 5ude braid sword, — H E L Thare feris cshortyng with mony keys aiui how, To sjiede thaiue fast towart the realnu- of Crite. Doug. Virgil, 71. 39. Naiiticus clamor, Vir^. JIei>aii is used in a similar sense, Compl. S. *' The mar} iialis began to heis vp the sail, cryand, heisau, heiutu." P. 63. q. hcis all. V. How. HEK. V. Hack. HEKKIL, Heckle, s. i. A hackling-comb, a comb for dressing flax, S. Rudd. Ti'ut. Iiekel, Sw. lin-haeckla., id. The root, ac- cording to Kilian, is haec/c crooked. 2. *' A cock's comb" as expl. by Rudd. Phebus rede foule his ciirale creist can stere, Oft sfrekaud furth his liekkil. crawand clere Amyd the wortis, and the rutis gent, Pikland hys mete in alayis qiihare he went. Doug. I'irgil, 401. 51. Rudd. has mistaken the meaning of the word as here used. It signifies the feathers on the neck of a cock ; and thus conveys quite a different idea from the curate creist, or comb, mentioned in the preced- ing line. A feather from the neck of a cock still re- ceives this designation, as well as a fishing.hook dressed with one of these. V. Heckle. To HELE, V. a. To conceal. V. Heild. To HELE, V. a. To pour. V. Hail, nt. 3. HELDE, s. Age ; instead of eld. — The Kyng wes than hawaud Bot nyne yhere, but may, of helde. All wayk than wapnys for to welde. Wynlotzn, viii. 26. 17. HELY, adv. Highly. V. He. HELY, adv. Loudly. Men mycht her wemen helj/ cry, And fle with cataill her and thar. Barbour, iii. 734. MS. V. He, high. HELIE, adj. Proud, haughty. V. Heily. HELYNG, s. Covering. And the treis bcgouth to ma Burgcans, and brycht blomys alsua, To wyn the helj/ng off thair hewid. That wykkyt wyntir had thaim rewid. Barbour, v. 11. MS. V. Heild, Heildyne. HELLIER, Halyear, J. Half a year, S. Three hulj/ears younger she than Liiidy was. Ross's Heknorc, p. 16. Improperly cxpl. Gl. to Ross, " a whole year;" from half and j/tar." HELLIS. This in pi. is used by some of our old writers for ht/l. " — His godheid was sa fast ionit with his manly nature that suppose the saule and the bodie was pcr- fitesjndry, }et his diuinitie remanit bay th with his body lyand in (he graif, and also with his saule de- scendand to thf hellis." Abp. Haiiiiltouii's Cate- chisme, 1552. Fol. IOC. b. The use of the pi. has been introduced by Popish writers, as corresponding to the term in the creed, Injcros ; especially as they view the word in differ- ent senses. Hi-nce Hamiltoun adds: " Ileitis. Heir is to be notit, quhair is hell, and how mony distinct partis or placis thair is of hell." H E L Of these he reckons four; the hell of the damned, the hell of children dying unbaptised, the hell of pur. gatory, and the hell of the fathers, or limbus pat rum. This mode of expression, in consequence of its be- ing familiar, was occasionally used by early Protes. tant writers, although in quite a ditlerent sense. " Greater vnquietnesse is not out of C/(e hels-, nor hee gettcth on all sides." Bruce's Eleven Serm. S. 1. b. Bp. Douglas uses the phrase the hell. V. Sticu. LING. This general acceptation is perfectly analogous to that of the Heb. Gr. ami Lat. terms, She^t, Hades, and Infcri; which all primarily denote the state of the dead, or that of those whose souls and bodies are disunited, without necessarily including the idea either of happiness or of udsery. Thus A. S. hell is used for the grave : Icfare to milium sunu to he lie ; Gen. xxxvii. 35. I will go down into the grave unto my son. The term has been deduced from hel-an tegere ; as MoesG. halje from hul-jan, Alem. hella, from hel-en, id. Lsl. hcl in like manner signifies death, and helae, helia sedes, locus mortuorum. Gunga i open viun heliar ; Ad certissiniura nccem ruere; Verel. V. Heild, v. a. HELLIS-CRUK, s. A crook for holding vessels over a fire ; or perhaps what is otherwise called a clips. His nailis wes lyk ane hellis cruk, Thairwith fyve quarieris lang. Bludy Serk, st. 4. Pink. S. P. R. iii. 190. From Tei\t. hets-en to embrace; or Su.G. Isl. haelt clavus, a spike or nail, hael-a clavis figere. HELM o/WEET, a great fall of rain, Ang. A. S. holm, water, the sea ; ojer holm boren, car- ried on the waters. I know not if Su.G. haell-a, &c. to pour out, has any affinity ; Isl. helling, effu. sio. Helmy, adj. Rainy, Ang. Helmy Keather nearly corresponds to the A. S. phrase, holmeg tzeder, procellosum coelum ; Caed. ap. Lye, vo. ^Vaeder : from holmeg pluviosus, pro- cellosus. This term especially denotes rainy weather, as proceeding from that quarter on which the sea lies. Thus, the aiTinity between it and the A. S. is still more evident ; as holm not only signifies water in general, but the sea. HELME STOK, s. '<■ The helm of a ship, gu- bernaculum," Rudd. ; more strictly, the handle of the helm. Sic wourdis he saide, grippand the hclme stuk fast, Lenand therou Doug. I'irgil, 156. 55. Teut. hclm-yfock (ten f schip, ansa guberuaculi, pars summa clavi ; kiliaii. HELPLIE, adj. Helpful, much inclined to give assistance, S. B. " i all manor coiitiuiicc, voce, aynd, I) tlieiies and colour. A ^luton all way has sum seilincs or soro«. lie is lii'iy, fat and foiiic : his life schortis, and his dedo a)l|lrochi^." I'ortooiis of Nobilncs, translalit out of Fronchc in Scottis be Maistir An- diow Cadioii ; iinprttitit K(t^ 1508. 1 have given a l(jnK/. Them. Thai werray the wylde swyne, and worchen hem wo. Sir Gamin iiiid Sir Gal. i. 5. This O. E. term occurs frequently in this poem, wliieli relains much of the A. S. idiom, having been ei. ther written in Kiiglaud,or altered by an English writer. A. S. At'o/n, him, not tlie accus. as Skinner says, but dat. pi. illis. HEM, J-. A horse-collar. V. Haims. HEWMIL, s. A heap, a crowd, a multitude ; as, a hemmil of folk, a great assemblage of people ; a hcnwiil of beasts, a great number of cattle, S B. ^Vachter meniions zcimmcl, getcimmel, as denoting a great body of people, from zcinimeln, redundarc niullitudiue; which, he thinks, may be traced to Gr. iftOti, coefus, niultitudo. Or can it have any affinity to (ierm. hvim-en, O. Su.G. haem-a, whence Ihre derives himmel heaven, which primarily signifies a covering? Or shall we consider it as corr. from Teul. handmade Germ, huittmahl, the forum, the place where the inhabitants of one district were bound to assemble ? To HriMMiL, V. a. To surround any beast in or- der to lay hold of it, Ang. q. to eaviron with a multitude. HEMMYNYS, s. pi. Shoes made of untanned leather. ——At sa gret myschef he wes, Tlial hys knychtis weryd rewelynys Of hydis, or of harl hcmm^njjs: ff ]i/iitoicii. viii. 29. v. 274. Tha( the shoes here n)entioned were usually made of the skins of harl^ or deer, appears from the lan- . guage of our celebrated Thomas of Ercildoune. Tristrem sehare the brest, The tong sat next the pride; The hcmiiige-- swithe on est, Jle schar and layd besid. ^'r Trixtrem, p. 31. st. 44. This passage is ajilly illustrated by the following Note, p. 202. ' " The mode of making these rullions, or rou^^h shoes, is thus described; 'We go a hunting, and after we have slain red deer, we (lay off (he skin by and by, and setting of our bare foot on (h- inside thereof, for want of cunning shoemakers, by your HEN grace's pardon, we play the coblers compassing and measuring so much thereof as shall reach up to our ancles, pricking the upper part thereof with holes, that the water may rejiass where it eaters, and stretching it up with a strong thong of the same, above our said ancles. So, and please your noble £!race, we make our shoes. Therefore we, using such manner of shoes, the rough hairey side out. wards, in your grace's dominion of England, we be r;ilk'd RoKgh-J'uuled Sco/>." Elder's Address to Henry Vlll. a pud Pinkerion's History, 11. 397. A. S, hemming, pero, which Lye expl. as meaning the same with brogue; Jun. Etyin. vo. IJrogiie, The word properly signifies a covering; Su.G. ham, A. S. hum, hamu; from O. Sii.(t. haem-a. Germ, heim-en, to cover. A. S. cild-hama the womb, i. e. the coveting of the child, heorl-hamu the covering of the heart, &c. Isl. hemingr is used perhaps in a more primitive sense, denoting the skin |)iilled off from the legs of cattle afterwards fitted for brogues: Pellis seu curiam, craribux armenturum delraclam ; sic vocatur, quod dimidiam qualemcunque tiguram repraesrntet, qualis peronibus rusticis soletaptari; G. Andr. p. 110. He derives it from Lat. semi, half. It seems more allied to Isl. ham, inuuviae. V. Rewelynys. HEMPY, J-. 1. A rogue; one for whom the hemp grows ; S. V. Gl. Rams. Aft thrawart Hempies, not a few, — Laws human an' divine brick thro'; — Till on a woodie, black an' blue, They [>ay the kain, Rev. J . Nicol's Poems, 1. 52. 2. A tricky wag, S. — Hi' had gather'd seven or aught \\ lid hempies stout and Strang. Ramyaj/''s Poems, [. 278. Now souple hempie.\ to the green Skel|> att wi' the fit-ba. Rev. J. Nicofs Poems, i. 37. I suspect the etymon given ; although 1 cannot of- fer one that is satisfactory. Isl. huompa, celeriter ruo. To HENCH, V. a. To throw stones by bring- ing the hand alongst the haunch, S. HENDRE, HitNDER, adj. Past, by-gone. Qulieii 1 was young this hendre day, iNly fadyr wes kepar oil yon houss. Barbour, x. 551. MS. MocsG. hindar. Germ, hinder, retro. Su.G. hjn- druedag, however, denotes the following day ; and most properly, the day succeeding marriage, when the young husband presented a gift to his spouse, called hiiidrudags giaef, by way of recompence for the sacrifice she made to hini. Hence, as Rndd. observes, E. hinder. Tent, hin- deru, &c. imiiedire. He who hinders another, says Ihre, lays some impediment in his way, which keeps him back, or throws him behind. The v. is pron. hcnder, hendir, S. B. as written by Doug. " IVarratione shew inge the causes wherfore Juno //f«(/e)7(/ the Troians." P. 13. Marg. HEN-PEN, s. The dung of fowls; perhaps properly that of hens, Ang. HENSEMAN, Heinsman, s. A page, a close attendant. HEN Robene Reid-brest nocht ran, Bot raid as a henseman. Hoiilate, iii. 1. MS. E. henchman is used in the same sense. Skinner derives ii from A. S. hine a servant and man, q. hine-mim. A. S. hine-nian is used in the sense of aj^ricola. Spelman deduces it from Teut. hengst a horse and man, q. eques vel cqui curator. He has observed that llcnght and Horsa, the two fa. mous Saxon invaders of E., had their namts from this animal ; Hengist being denominated from a vrar- horse, llorsa from a common one. Which of the etymons given above, has the best claim, is Tery dubious. From the use of the term here, it appears to have belonged to a henseman to ride. HENSEIS, s.pl. Bot fowl, jow.jourdane-heded, jevels, Cowkins, henseis, and cnlrouu kevels Dunbar, Muitland Poems, p. 109. From the connexion, this contemptuous designa- tion seems nearly allied in signification to Teut. hen. ne, homo imbellis, muliebri animo. Perhaps, how- ever, it is merely an abbrev. of Henseman, q. v. HENSOUR, Hensure, s. Perhaps a giddy young fellow, or a braggadocio. Ane haistie hcnsour, callit Harie, — Tytt vp ane tackle withouten lary ; That turment so him teynd. Chr. Kirk, st. 10. Callander refers to Celt, hein, a strong young man Sibb. says, " perhaps one who had been trained to the use of arms; See Heynd: or one who ■was expert in making stake and ryce fences, from Teut. hej/n-en sepire." The latter idea is quite outree. We learn from G. Andr. that the ancient Norwe- gians called their noblemen hen^er; primoriim no- men. He also renders hen.sing, caterva, cohors, p. 111. I suspect, however, that yie««oi(r is of Ger- man extract ; from hanse a society, whence L. B. ansuarii, qui ceteros mortales fortuna et opibus an- tecellunt; Kilian. The Germ, word may be traced to MoesCi. /j«rt»ff a multitude, a band ; whence evi- dently Isl. htnshig mentioned above, and perhaps hen^er., as denoting the leader of a band. Ilenfoi/r may thus be equivalent to a comrade, a fellow, or one belonging to a society. Hence the designation of the JIanse towns in Germany. Sw. hen^ker, howeviT, Isl. heini'kur, denote a fool. HENS-WARE, Hen ware, s. Eatable fucus, S. Fucus esculentus, Linn. This is also called Badderlocks, q. v. HENT, pret. Laid hold of. V. Hint. HEV-WYFE, s. A woman who takes care of the poultry about the house of a person of rank, S. hence the metaph. phrase, Hen-wyffis ofVemis, applied to bawds. With Venus hen-ici/ffis qiihat wyse may I flyte? That straykis thir wensrhis hedes them to pkis. Doug. Virgil, Prol. 96. 53. HENWILE, s. A stratagem, a circumvention. " — The great hopes they put us in at first, thev somewhat blasted, by their needless liiigerings here, and using, as we suspected, such courses as HER saroured of their old unhappy and unprofitable way of hen.u'ilf.i, to make and increase parties amou^ us." Baillie's Lett. ii. 80. — This dull and unstable birth, Which at this time possess the earth, Seeks out raw shifts, and poor hen ailes, And witit such trash themselves beguiles. Clcland's Poems, j>. 55. The only word, which I have met with, that hi% any resemblance, is Flandr. haml.;ci/le, momentum temporis. It might indeed signify a delay. HEPTHORNE, s. The brier, Rubus vulgaris major, S. On cace thare stude ane lityl mote nere by, Qiihare hepthorne buskis on the top grow hie. Doug. Virgil, 67. 51. V. Hap. HER, Here, j-. i. A lord, a person of distin- guished rank. Als fele wrinkis and furnys can sche mak, As dois the swallo with hir plumes blak, Fleand and seirsaud swiftlic thare and here, Ouer the gretc lugeingis of sum michty here. Doug. Virgil,'-i27. I. This designation is given even to a sovereign. The Kyng hym self Latinus the grete here Quhisperis and musis. Iliid. 435. 8. 2. A chief, a leader. Bayth conioun pepyl and the heris buhl To bryng agaue Eneas ful fane tliay wald. Doug. Virgil, 281. 41. 3. The magistrate of a burgh. His k-ill he tuk at heris of the toune ; To Mcfl'ane wode rycht glaidly maid him boune. fVuilace, iv. 419. MS. Perth edit., has; edit. 1758, her, then; edit. 1648, heirs, corresponding to heris, JIS. i. e. those who had the rule, the Mayor and others formerly mentioned. 4. A master. — Ay for ane thar wes twenty. And twa men ar a maiinys her. Barbour, ix. 640. MS. i. e. " Two men are able to master one." In edit. 16.!0, And two men is over mony hcere ; which docs not make sense of the passage. A. S. hcra, Sii.G. herre, Teut. herr, Dclg. heer, dominus, Rudd. views Lat. her-us as the root. But it is more probable, that this word has a com- mon origin with the rest. This some suppose to be Isl. ha, altus; others, her, ))rior, which Wachterde. rives from tr ante; others Acr, Su.G. haer, an ar- my. V. Heirly. I need scarcely add, that this, which was given as a title of respect to the highest nersonages, is now used in the Low Countries as we use Master. For it is well known, that Mjjniiecr pr jpcrly signifies, mij lord. HER, Here, s. Loss, injury, damage. Wallace raturnd towart the court agaync, In the miirsyde sone with his eyme he niett, And tauld how thai the way for his man sett, — ' " The horss thai reft quhilk suld your harncf- bcr." H E R Schir RaiiaUl saici, " That is hot litiU her. >Vc may get horss and gud in plaj ne ; And men be lost, we get nfuir agaync." mil/ace, iv. 60. MS. Sir Rannald said, that is but little ikare. Edit. 16 18, i. c. injury. The reading in MS. sug- gests a similar idea ; as appears from the use of the term in another work. Ilelmys of hard steill thai hatterit and heuch. In that hailsing thai hynt grete harniys and here. Gaican ami Gol. iii. 5. It seems synon. with hcrschip, spoil, from A. S. here, Sii.G. haer, an army. Ihre mentions a simi- lar nse of Su.G. haer. EtVeclu pro causa posito, liotat vim hostilem, aut quamlibet hostilitatem. Fara niedhacr, hostiiiter grassari ; p. 823. HER, />ro«. Their, O.E. With frcsch houndes, and fele, thei folowen her fay re. Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. i. 4. A. S. heora, her. V. Him. HERANDIS, j./>/. 1. Errands. Tharc bad thai, And thare gave absolutyown, As thai had in. to commyssyown, To the clerkys, that come of thai north landis, That to thanie soucht ia-to tha herandiSy That thai pure and sympyl thowcht, And litil had to gyve or noucht. IVijntuicn, vii. 9. 204. 2. In another place, it may rather signify tidings, q. hearings. Of Ingland this Kyng, for.thi For gret herundis and hasty Sped hym swne owt of oure land. Ibid. viii. 16. 40. HERBERE, .r. A garden for rearing herbs. , Ane paradise it semyt to draw nere Thir galzeard gardingis, and eik grene herbere. Doug. Virgil, Prol. 401. 43. Lat. herbar-ium. On the word herber Warton says ; " An herbary, for furnishing domestic medi- cines, always made a part of our ancient gardens. — In the Glossary to Chaucer erbers is absurdly inter- preted arbours; Non's Pr. T. v. 1081. ' Or erve Ive growing in our erberis.' Chaucer is here enu- merating various medical herbs, usually planted in erberis or herbaries." Hist. E. P. II. 231. It would seem, however, that it is used for arbour by James I. Now was there maid fast by the touris wall A gardyn faire, and in the corneris set Anc herbere grene, w ith wandis long and small, Railit about, and so with treis set Was all the place, and hawthorn hegis knct. That lyf was non, walkyng there forbye That niyclit within scarce any wight aspye. So (liick the beuis and the levis grene Heschadit all the allyos that there were. And myddis every herbere niycht be sene The scharp grene suete jeneperc, &c. King's Quair, ii. 12. 13. It seems elsewhere used in the same sense; as being a place for birds to nestle in.. HER Then soon after great din heard I Of bony birds in a herbeir. That of love sang with voice so clear. With diverse notes. Sir Egeir, v. 356. HERBERT, Herbry, Harbory, s.^ i. A place of abode for troops, a military station. To Berwik with all his menye, With his bataillis arrayit, come he; And till gret Lordis ilkaiie sundry Ordanyt a feld for thair herbery. Barbour, xvii. 298. MS. 2. A dwelling place, a place of residence. " He gillis tlie mcit, drink, and clailh & harbory, cattel, geir, & come, and al gud that thow hes." Abp. Hamiltoun's Catechisme, Fol. 171. b. Tent, herber ghe having the sense of diversorium, caupona, Sibb. derives it from her publicus, com- munis, and berghen servare, tueri. Su.G. haerberge is indeed used in the same sense, signifying an inn, a lodging, a place where a multitude may be enter- tained ; deduced by Ihre from haer a crowd, and bcrga to store, to nourish. But the word original- ly denoted a military station, as indeed it is used by Barbour; A. S. here-berga the abode of an army, a tent, a camp. Thence it came to signify a lodging of any kind ; and particularly, one appropriated for the reception of a multitude. Gl. Pez. heripergo, diversorium. Rudd. derives our word from Fr. hauberge, auberge, Hisp. ahergue, Ilal. alvergOf id. But these are all corr. of the Goth. term. Jlarborowe is used in O. E. Langland, speaking of the ark, says ; Of w ights that it wrought, was none of hem saued ; God leue it fare not so by folke that the fayth teacheth. Of holy kirke the harborowe is, & Gods house io saue, And shilden vs from shame therin, as Noes ship did, And men that made it amyd the flood he drown- ed. P. Ploughman, Fol. 51. b. To Herbery, Herbry, v. a. i. To harbour, to to station. He till the New Park held his way, W^ith all that in his leding war. And in the park thaim herberyt thar. Barbour, xi. 356. MS. Thay may this night, and thai will, Gang herbery thaim, and slop and rest. Ibid. ii. 276. MS. " Na men dwelland within burgh, sail harberie in his house any stranger, langer than ane nicht, ex- cept he will giue ane pledge for him." Burrow Lawes, c. 90. 2. It is metaph. used concerning a person. . Til the gud Lord of Dowglas, Quliani in hcrbryd all worschip was.. He taucht the archerys cuirilkane. Barbour, x. 42. MS. A. S. herebeorg-an, hospitari, Teut. herbergh-etty id. O. Fr. heberg-ier, Rom. Rose. Herbryage, s. a place of entertainment, an inn, used as synon. with ostrye^ or at least as denot- ing residence there. HER Till anc ostrye he went, and soiorncd tliar. — Thai gert go seik Schyr Ranald in that rage; Bot he was than yeit still at herbryage. Wallace, iv. 107. 108. MS. This corresponds to the sense of Teut. herberghe, Su.G. haerberge. Herbriouris, s. pi. An advanced corps, sent to occupy a station, or provide an encampment, for the rest of an army. At Meiross schup thai for to ly; And send befor a cumpany, Thre hundre ner of arniyt men. — The King of Ingland, and his men, That saw thair herbriouris then Cum rebutyt on that maner, Anoyit in thair hart thai war. Barbour, xviii. 291. 334. MS. HERDIS, Herds, j^. Hards, the refuse of flax. And pyk, and ter, als haill' thai fane; And lynt, and herdis and brynstane. Barbour, xvii. 612. MS. Mr Pinkerton leaves this for explanation. " Quhairfoir let all men fie euill company, and to traist not in men, for retldy ar we to imbrace euill, as rcddy as herdis to ressaue fyre." Talla's Con. fession, Detection Q. Mary, penult p. V. Hardin. HER DOUN, adv. Here below, in this lower world. — Clcrkys, that ar witty, May knaw conjunctions off planctis, — And off the hewyn all halyly How that the dispositioun Suld apon thingis wyrk her doun, On rcgiones, or on climatis, That wyrkys nocht ay quhar agatis. Barbour, iv. 700. MS. HERE, a term used in the composition of several names of places in S. pron. like E. hair. I recollect two of this description in Aug. A Roman camp, about four miles S. from Forfar, is called Here- or Haer-fauds. I must beg leave here to correct a mistake into which I have fallen as to (he meaning of this name, so far back as A. 1786 ; having expl. it, on insufficient evidence, " the folds of the strangers." Biblioth. Topog. Britan. N° 36. But it undoubtedly signifies, " the folds or inclosures of war," or " of the army." There is another place at no great distance, denominated the Here-cairn. The same name occurs in other parts of the country. " There is in a muir in this parish, a vast number of tumuli, called the Haer Cairns. In this muir, it is thought, that the famous battle between Agricola the Roman general, and Galgacus the general of the Ca. ledonians, was fought." P. Kinloch, Perths. Statist. Ace. xvii. 479. I need scarcely refer to A. S. here, Su.G. haer, Teut. her, an army. Many A. S. words have a similar formation ; as here-berga, a military station, Af re-Kj'c amilitary village, i/arzia/t in E. ; also in Su.G., as, hue r strut a. m.\\ita.ry way; Germ. kerstall, a camp, her-fart a military expedition, &c. While ilhisirating this term, I may observe, that it lias been said that the name of Hercules is of Goth, origin; Isl. HerkoLle, dux, literally, caput exerei- tus, from her army, and koUe head ; Verel. Wach. H E R ter indeed deduces it from Germ, her terrible, and Iceule, kule, club; making a remark which certainlv merits uivestigation, that many of the names of the heathen deities are so formed, both in the Scythian and Celtic languages, that if compared with (he images representing them, the name will bo found ex. actly to correspond to the image, and the image to the name. That the Germ, nations were no stran- gers to Hercules, is evident from the testimony of Tacitus, who mentions that, according to their rela- tions, Hercules had been amongst them ; and that, when going to battle, they celebrated him in songs as the most illustrious among the brave. De Mor. Germ. c. 3. HEREAWAY, fl^zf. i. In this quarter, S. 2. In the present state, S. " That light is not hereuictiij in any clay. body ; for, while we are here, light is in themost part broader and longer than our narrow and feckless obedience." Rutherford's Lett. P. II. ep. 2. HEREFT, adv. Hereafter, after this. Ramsay bad cess, and murn nocht for Wal. lace, — My hcd to wed Lochlewyn he past to se; Tithandis ofthym ye sail sc son hereft. Wallace, ix. 1209. MS. It is absurdly rendered, in edit. 1648, Tydings of him full soon ye shall hear off. From A. S. her here, and Eft, q. v. To HERE TELL, v. n. To learn by report, S. Fra tyme that he had semblit his barnagc. And herd tell weyle Scotland stude in sic cat c, He thocht till hym to mak it playu conquace. Wallace, i. 39. MS. It is used by R. Brunne, p. 240. Sir Edward herd wele telle of his grct misdede. This is an lil. idiom, heijrdi tula; Edda Saem. audivit. HEREYESTERDAY, s. The day before yes. terday, S. " Ahvays hereyesterdui/, when we were at the very end of it [the Directory,] the Independents brought us so doubtful a disputation, that we were in very great fear all should be cast in the hows, and that their opposition to the whole Directory should be as great as to the government." Baillie's Lett ii. 73. This term, although not common in our old books, is very ancient ; being evidently the same with A. S. aer-gj/stran daeg, nudius tertius, " the day before yesterday, three days before ;" Somner. Belg. ecr. gisteren, id. from A. S. aer, Belg. eer, before. Germ, ehegestern, id. from A. S. eher, before, and gestern, yesterday. Franc, gesteron, id. Vorgesterii is used in the same sense. Mr Tooke views A. S. gestran, in gestraii daeg, "as the part, past of ge- strin-an, acquirere. And says " a day is not got- ten or obtained till it is passed, therefore ^t^^/Y/w daeg is equivalent to the passed day." Divers, Purley, II. 292. HEREYESTREEN, s. The night before yes- ternight, S. Gl. Shirr. V. Yestreen. HERIE, Heary, s. a compellation still used by ■J i; II E R s'liije olil women, in addressing their husbands, a;ui sometimes vice versa, S. My fathir liist did at my iiiithrr spear, Uiiin/, is .N'ory liftccn out this yiar? — I iiiiiid il woll enough, anil well I may, Jt icell I daiicM wi' you on your birlh day; Ay heanj, i|uo' she, now but that's awa'. Ross's Uckiiorc, p. 20. 21. It is cxpl. " a coiijiij^al appellation, e(|iiivalent to mi/ dear;" Gl. Ross. But although the females of this age may be unwilling to admit of the genuine ineaiiin:;, il is properly a term expressive of subjec. tion ; being formed from A. S. hcra, Teut. herie, Belg. heer, lord, master. I need scareely add, that this mode of address is as aneient as the patriarchal age. A/ iceil, corr. of / nat, or n-ot, well; also, u/a-eel. S. HERIS, imperat. v. Hear ye. As the matir requiris, ane litil heris. Doug. Ftrgil, 111.27. HERISON, s. The Iloulef and the Hcrison, Out of the airt Septenlrion, Come with ane fcirfull voce. llurcl, Pilgr. f-Vaton's Coll. ii. 26. Fr. herisson signifies a hedgehog. The writer might perhaps supjiose it to be a fowl. HERITOUR, s. 1. An heir. " Si fdii el licredes, S{c. Gyf wc be sonnis, we ar also heretunris, heretouris 1 say of God and par- ticipant of the eternal heretage with Jesus Christ." Abp. Hamiltoun's Catechisme, 1552, Fol. 95, a. 12. A proprietor or landholder in a parish, S. " The rest is divided among a great number of heritors. Thirteen are [)ossessed of a L. 100 Scots, and upwards, of valued rent. — There is a conside. rable number of smaller heritors, possessed of single farms or plough. gates of land." P. Avendale, La- narks. Statist. Ace. xi. 389. Fr. heritier, an heir; L. B. heritator. HERLE, HuRiL, s. A Heron. jine pluchit herle, a plucked heron. This phrase is given as not understood bj Mr Pink. I thocht myself ane papingay, and him ane pluchit herle. Muitlund Poems, p. 58. Herle is still the common name in Ang., in some places pronounced liuri/. In Ang. it is vulgarly believed that this bird ■waxes and wanes with the moon ; that it is plump, •when the moon is full, and so lean at the change, (hat it can scarcely raise itself, so that it may almost bi' taken with the hand. The name seems a dimin. from Isl. hegre, Su.G. haeger, Dan. heire, id. The Fr. use the word herle, but in quite a dill'erent sense, as denoting a sI'.eUlrake. Armor, herligon, however, signifies a heron. HERLING, s. A species of sea-trout. V. HlRLING. HERNIT, pret. Perhaps for herknit, heark- ened. The king sat still ; to travail he nocht list ; -\nd hernit syn a qiihyle to Wit his taill. Kin^ Hart, ii. 48. n E R HERON-BLUTER, s. The snipe, S. B. V. Ykrn-bluter. HERREYELDE, Here-geild, Hyrald, s. The fine payable, on certain conditions, to a su- perior, on the death ol his tenant. "• Gif ane dwclles vpon land perteining to ane frie man, aud as ane husbandman, haldes lands of him ; aud he hapjiin to deceis, his maister sail haue the best eaver, or beast (the best aucht) of his cat- till, provyding that the husband man did haue of him the aucht parte of ane dawacheof land, or mair. For gif he had ane les parte of land, hesould giue nathing for his herreyelde." Quon. Att. c. 23. It is sometimes corr. written hjrald. Howbeit the Barrouns thairto will be laith. From thence furth thay sail want thair hyrald- hors. hyndsay, S. P. R. ii. 237. Skene derives the terra from Belg. here, heer, a lord or master, a.\\A jjeild a gift, tribute or taxation. He observes, however, that according to others, herre yeld signilies what is given to the lord or mas- ter, when going to the army, for the support of the war. Verb. Sign, in vo. This is certainly the original sense. Here-gi/ld, accordingly, is men- tioned in the Saxon Chron., as denoting a military tribute, from here an army, and gyld tribute or tax. It is probable that our term was originally used in the same sense as the A.S., but that it was af- terwards extended to the impositions of landhold- ers oil their tenants, during the reign of the feudal system. The duty, or g-;'eisojerheer-en, id. Isl. her.ia is used precisely in the same sense. Concerning some, who would not acknowledge the authority of Harold K. of Norway, A. 885, it is said ; Voru i Orkneyum eda Sudrcijum a vetrom, enn a tumrom heriado their i Noregi, oc gerdo thar mikin landzskadu : They passed to the Orkneys and Hebrides in winter, and in summer infested the Norwegian roast with predatory incursions, sub- jecting the inhabitants to great devestation. Snorro Sturl. ap. Johns, .\ntiq. Celto-Scand. p. 1. It deserves notice, that in anc. Goth. Ilerian was an epithet conferred, by his worshippers, on the god Odin, the Mars of the Northern nations, borrowed from his warlike devastations. After the introduc- tion of Christianity, it was used only by way of contempt. Verel. Ind. Herryment, J. 1. Plunder, devastation, S. 2. The cause of plunder, S. — Staumrel, corky-headed, graceless gentry, The hcrri/ment and ruin oi the country. Bur/If, iii. 58. Herrie-water, Harry-vet, j. ]. A kind of net so formed as to catch or retain fish of a small size, and thus to spoil the water of its brood. " — Ordainis the saidis actes to be extended, and have etfect against the slayers of the saidis reid (isch, in forbidden time, or that destroyes the smoltes and fryc of salm'Ound in mil-damnies, or be polkes, creilles, trammel.nets, and herrie-zoaters." Acts Ja. 1579. c. 89. This seems to be the same called a harry-net, S. B. " Depones, that he does not know what a harry- net is, unless it be a net that is worked in a burn." State, Leslie of Powis, 1805. p. 79. 2. The term is metaph. used to denote both stra- tagem and violence. Thus it is applied to the arts of the Roman clergy. Thair hcryzcater thay spred in all countries ; And with their hois net dayly drawis io Rome The maist fine gold, that is in Christindome. Lyndsuy's Wurkis, 1592. p. 136. Erron. berry -tsater, in later editions. 1 II E R Applied also to the conduct of conquerors. " After that Alexander had fished the whole world with his herrie-Kater.net, what found he bin follie and euanishing shewes?" Z. Boyd's Last Battell, p. 488. HERRINBAND, s. A string by which yarn is tied before it be boiled. It is warped through the different cuts or skeigns, so as to keep them separate, Ang. Isl. hiiur, also haarund, coarse linen yarn, and hand. HERS, Hearse, adj. Hoarse, S. And eik the riujr brayit with herf: sound, Quhil Tyberinus bakwart did rebound. Doug. Virgil, 278. 38. V. Skraik, 0. and Roopy. Belg. haersch, hecrsch, id. In other dialects the r is wanting; Su.G. haes, hes, Isl. hues, A. S. hase. Wachter views the former as the genuine term ; but for a strange reason, as being a transpo- sition of Lat. raucus. V. Hess. HERSCHIP, Heirschip, Heirischip, s. i. The act of plundering, devastation, S. On Inglissmen full grct hcrschipe thai maid ; Brynt and brak doun byggingis, sparyt thai nocht, Rycht worthi wallis full law to ground lh:ii brocht. IVidlacc, viii. 941. MS. Barbour, ix. 298. V. IIery. Heirschip is the word by which Bellend. trans, latcs d&popula/io; Cron. B. xi. c. 11., and rapina, c. 13. 2. The cause of plunder. Sa to this maist triumphand court of Rome, This similitude full weill I may conipair, Quhilk hes been Herschip of all Christindome. Lyndsay''s fVarkis, 1592. p. 141. 3. Booty, prey, that which is carried off as plun- der. S3iie wcstlins thro' the glen his course he steers, And as he yeed, the track at last he found Of the ca'd liership on the mossy ground. But wi' some hopes he travels on while he The way the hership had been driven could see. Ro\s^s Ilelenore, p. 46. i. e. Of the cattle driven as booty. Kvcn within the last century, some of the High- landers used to make predatory incursions into the Lowlands, and either carry off the cattle, or make the owners redeem them, by paying a sum of money. This in Stirlingshire, and perhaps in other counties, was called lifting the hership, or corr. herschuw. V. Black Maill, vo. Mail. 4. Ruin, wreck of property. " And spcciallie Aduocatis, Procuratours, & Scrybis, brcakis this command twa niauer of wa) is. Firt, quiien thai tak wagis to procure or dc- fende a cause, quilk thai ken is unlauchful & aganis Justice. Secondlie, quhcn for thair wagis thay tak on hand ane lauchfull cause, bot for lucre of gvir thay dift'ar and puttis of the execution of justice, fra day to day, and oft tymes fra yeir to yeir to the <^ret skaith and herschype of thaim quhilk hes ane 4E2 H E 11 rjcht actioun of the ploy." Abp. Ilarailtoun's Ca- Ifchismc, 1552, Fol. 60, b. , , . „ o " Gentle servants arc poor mens hardschtp., ». ProT. ; because the conceit of their birth, and blood, will make them despise and neglect your service: — Kelly, p. 116. The word ought to be hership. In the same manner must we understand another S. Prov. " lliircihips sindle come single." Kelly improperly explains it by hardship. 5. Scarcity, as the effect of devastation. " The landwart pcpyll be thir waris war brocht fo sic pouerte and heinch/p, that thair land was left vnsaniu & \nl:ibourit." Bellend. Cron. B xi. 0. 11. 0. Dearness, high price. All men makis me debait, For heiiiscliip of horsmeit. Fra 1 be semblit on my feit, The outhorne is cryde. Vii/iliiir, Mwtland Poems, p. 198. ifr Pink, quotes this among passages not under, stood. It is explained " stealing of horse-corn," (;i. Compl. But the language signifies, that this poor courtier was constantly engaged in disputes at inns, on account of the extravagant price of pro- vender for his horse; and pursued by the rabble, because he refused, or was unable, to pay to the ex- tent deinanded. Any thing very high-priced, which must of necessity be had, is still said to be a mere Iterriskip. This is evidently an oblique use of the term as used in sense 1. Su.G. haershap, Franc, herisc/pi, denote an army. The term might obliquely be used to signify devas- tation, as the cfl'ect produced by hostile irruption ; here itself being transferred to harm, injury. V. Her, 2. Or, schip, as corresponding to the A. S. terra, scipe, Sw. ulcap, Bclg. sdiap. Germ, schaft, may denote action, from sceop-an, skafv-a, iSfc, rreare, facerc. Thus Germ, hcmchaft, from herr riominus, denotes domination, or the act of ruling, Ih'n^chip might, in the same manner, signify hostili. I V, q. (he act of an army. HER TILL, adv. Hereunto, to this. Her /ill lliar athys gan thai ma. And all the lordis that thar war To thir twa wardanys athis swar. Barbour, xx. 144. MS. Sw. hacrlil, id. Ihre has observed that haer, and ther there, are formed from han he, and then that ; like Lat. hie and illic from the pron. hie and i/lc. HERVY, atlj. Mean, having the appearance of great poverty, Ang. 1 am at a loss whelhcr to deduce this from A. S. hcreis-iun to despise, to make no account of; or here.feoh a military prey, as origiually descriptive of one who has been rilled by the enemy, or been Mibjecled lo military execution. HESP, s. A clasp or hook, S. Su.G. l)asj>e, IsL fje.fpa. Germ, bespe, id. To Hesp, v. a. To fasten, to fix in whatever way ; used more generally than hasp, E. HESP, Hasp, s. A hank of yarn, the fourth part of a spindle or speyncL, S. il E T <■<■ About 30 years ago, when they «niver. sally spun with one hand, a hesp or slip, which is the fourth part of a spindle, was thought a suffici- ent day's work for a woman." P. Leslie, Fifes. Statist. Ace. vi. 43. Teut. haup is used nearly in the same sense ; fila congregata et ex alabro deposita, antcquam glome- rentur. Hasp-en signifies, to wind on the reel. Tcut. hafip also denotes a fleece of wool, corres- ponding to L. B. hapsum, ibid. The S. term is often used metaph. " To make a 7-avell'd hesp, to put a thing in confusion ; to redd a ravell'd hesp, to restore order," Shirr. Gl. Belg. haspel.cn, which properly signifies to reel, is alsa rendered to intangle. HESS, adj. Hoarse. Sister, howbeid that I am hess, I am content to bcir ane bess. [\. c. bass.] Liindsai), Pink. S. P. R. ii. 35. V. Heus. HET, Hat, fl^'. 1. Hot. Strike iron while 'tis het, if ye'd have it to wald, For fortune ay favours the active and bauld. Ramsay''s Poems, 11. 250. 2. Keen, metaph. Hardy and hat contenyt the fell melle. Wallace, v. 834. Hetfull, adj. Hot, fiery. A he/full man the stwart was of blude, And thocht Wallace chargyt him in termys rude. Wallace, ii. 91. MS. Hetly, adv. Hotly, S. The fiercelings race her did so hetly cadge, Her stammack cud na sic raw vittals swage. Ross's Helenore, p. 56. Het pint, the name given to that hot beverage, which it is customary for young people to car- ry with them from house to house on New year's eve, or early in the morning of the new year ; used also on the night preceding a mar- riage, and at the time of childbearing ; S. The lads, weel kennin what is due, Their new-year gifties take ; Het-pints to warm the cauldrife mon, And buns an' succar-cakc. Rev. J. NieoVs Poems, i. 34. And now cam the nicht o' feet-washin', And gossips, and het pints, and clashiu'. And mony a lie was there. Jamteson's Popul. Bull. i. 295. A het pint in a cap maun neist be made. To drink the health o' her that's brought to bed. Morison's Poems, p. 191. This is made of spirits, beer, sugar, and eggs. It is called a pint, most probably from the vessel, or measure of liquids, in which it had been formerly carried about, containing a Scots pint, or half a gal- lon E. The same custom prevailed in E. " Wassail, or rather the icassail boul, which- was a bowl of spiced ale formerly carried about by young women on New year's eve, who went from door to door in their several parishes singing a few couplets of homely verses composed for the pur- pose, and presented the liquor to the inhabitants of the house where they called, expecting a small gratu - H E U ity in return. Tlie nY/,*f«// is said to have ori. ginated from the words of llowena, the daughter of Heugist; who, presenling a bowl of wine to Vor- tigern, the king of the Britons said, PVaes Ilael laford ci/nning, or, Health to you, my lord the king. — The wassails are now quite obsolete ; but it seems that fifty years back, some vestiges of them were remaining in Cornwall; but the time of their performance was changed to twelfth day." Strutt's Sports and Pastimes, p. 270, 271. Het stoup, synon. witli Het pint, S. lle/.stot/ps an' punch around war sent, Till da). light was a-missin. Rsv. J. Nicol's Poems, i. 147. HETHELICHE. Quath Ganhardin, " Y finde. That schamcly schent ar we; To wive on our kindc, lledieliche holdelh he. Sir Trittrem, p. 168. " Haughtily," Gl. But it is cither ro|)roachful, or as an adv. reproachfully; Isl. Iiaecliligt, Sw. huediligt, coutumeliosus, from liad, irrisio cum contumelia. V. HeydiiV. HETHING, J-. Scorn, derision. V. HEYDi>f. HEUCH, pret. V. Hewed. Ilclmys of hard steill thai hatterit and heuch. Ga-ican and Gol. iii. 5. This is more related in form to Isl. Su.G. ^"'gg- hogg. than to A. S. hcaw.ian, caedcre. HEUCH, Heugh, Hewch, Huvve, Hvve, Hew, J-. 1. A crag-, a precipice, a ragged steep, S. The Kyng than gert hym doggydly Bo drawyn owt, and dyspytwsly On re a hczcch gert cast hym downe, Doggis til etc his caryowne. lVi/ntoi:n, vii. 4. 93. — From that place eync vnto ane caue we went, Vnder ane hyngand heuch in ane dame went. Doug. Virgil, 75. 22. Sub rupe cavata, Virg. On athir hand als hie as onic toure. The big hev:i$ strckis furth like ane wall. Ibid. 86. 25. Scopuli, Virg. — Sum fledc downe oure the hwe. H\i/ntoz^'7i, viii. 38. 92. The cherries hang abune my held, — Sae hich up in the hexech. Cherrie and Sloe, st. 24. — Vertice nubifero, Lat. vers. " Gif an wylde or head Strang horse caries ane man against his will over ane craig, or heuch, or to the water ; and the man happin to drowne ; the horse sail perteine to the King as escheit." Quon. Attach, c. 48. § 10. Dr Leyden says ; " It is exactly the contrary of a rock or steep hill, as it is interpreted by Ruddi- man. Hingund heugh is a glen, with steep overhanging braes or sides." Gl. Compl. But from the examples it must appear that the censure is unmerited. Dr L. has given too limited an interpretation of the word, which is still used in this sense, S. B. Thus, the precipitous rocks on the side of the sea, between Arbroath and the Redhead, arc called heughs. In like manner, a proverbial II E U phrase is used, respecting the difference as lo the con- tmuance of light, after sunset, in Spring and liar, vest, which clearly expresses the use of the term. The Lcnfron ewyn's lang and teugli ; But the Hairst ewyn tunil)lcs o'er the heugh. Or, as given by Kelly, p. 334. The Ware evening is lang and tough. The Harvest evening runs soon o'er the heugh. IVare, spring. The very jjassage to which Dr L. refers can admit no other interpretation. This term docs not necessarily imply, as Sibb. seems to think, that the place is " covered, in part at least, with wood." 2. Sometimes used to denote merely a steep hill or bank, such as one may ascend or descend on horseback, S. Sym lap on horseback lyke a rae, And ran him till a lieiicli ; Says, William, cum ryde down this brae. Evergreen, ii. 183. st. 16. 3. " A glen, with steep overhanging braes or sides." V. sense 1. This is the signification of Loth, and Border. Dr L. refers to A. S. heolh, a deep rugged val- ley or small glen. But I have not been able to find this word in Somner, Lye, or Benson. 4. The shaft of a coal-pit ; denominsrted perhaps from its precipitous form, S. " They quha sets fire in coilheucliis, vpon privat revenge, and despit, commits treason." Skene, Cap. Crimes Tit. ii. c. 1. § 14. 5. A hollow made in a quarry. Loth. Rudd. thinks that the term may be derived from A. S. heaf-ian, elevare, attollere. Sibb. refers to Tent, hoogh, altus, profundus, arduus, or Aetie elc. Tated. This word has been traced to C. B. uch, uchal, high, a height, a top, &c. But it is surpris- ing, that none of our etymologists have marked its evident affinity to A. S. hou, mons ; ernes hou, mons aquilac, the eagles mountain or cliff; R. Ha- gulstad. Lye refers to Hoga, Spelm. In L. B. it is also written hogh-ia, hog-ium, hog-uin, mons, col- lis. Spelm. mentions the obsolete E. term ho, and hozs:, pro mbnte. In Domesday Book Grene-hozo in Norfolk is called Grene-hoga, i. e. mons viridis. In an ane. MS. it is said, of Edward of Shanburne ; Invenit quendam collem et hogum petrosum, et ibi incipicbat aedificare quandam villam, et vocavit illam Sianhoghiam. This in S. would be Stane heugh ; as Spelm. explains it, mons lapidosus. It is evident, ly this word which occurs in Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. i. 5., rendered by Mr Pink, holts, hills. The huntis thei hallow, in hurstis and huises. S. P. R. iii. 200. He derives it from Germ, hoch, Alem. hog, Belg. hooh, altus, cditus. It is doubtful whether the A. S. word be the cognate of Isl. haug-r, liaugi, collis, tu- mulus ; Edd. Saemund. Franc, hog, promontorium; V. How, y. 2. HEUCK, Heugh, s. A disease of cows, sup- posed to proceed from want of water, or from bad water, which eventually inflames the eye,, in wliich case it is accounted dangerous. But II E W it primarily attacks the stomach, or the belly ; Ang. \\ hen the eye becomes innamed, the vulgar cure is (o rub it with blue vitriol, which is thence dcuo- trtinat (I the hciici.-slane. HEUCK-BANE, s. The huckle-bone, Ang. Belj. htich-en, Su.G. hiii-a, to bow ? To HEVYD, V. a. To behead. V. Hewid. HEWID, J. Head; in that sense in which the E. word is explained by Johns., " spontaiieous resohiiion." Thow sail tak Ferrand my palfray ; And for fhair is na hors in this land Swa swycht, na yeit sa wnll at hand, Tak him as off thin awin hacid, As I had gevyn thairto na reid. Barbour, ii. 121. MS, Iferi/J, Wynt. v. 12. 339. Here the word appears in a sort of intermediate state between the A. S. heafiid, heafod, and the modern form. Chaucer writes heved ; Wyntown hevyd. Ilonce the v. hcvi/d, to behead. — Schyre Thomas Brown wes tayne ; ' That syne wes hevi/ddj/t hastily : It seuiyd thai luwyd hym noucht grettumly. H'jjntozi-n, viii. 31. 99. Heading-ax is the S. term for an ax used in be- heading. Mr Toolie seems to give a just idea of the etymon of the term denoting the head, when he ob. serves that A.S. " hcnfod was the past jiarticiple of heaf-an, meaning that part (of the body, or, any thing else) which is heav'd, raised, or lifted up, above the rest." Divers. Purley, ii. 39. HEWYD, E-EWYT, part. pa. Coloured. That ar to say, Chanownys quhyt, For swa hezci/d is thare habyt. Wytxtoicn, vii. 5. 192. Thar best and browdyn wes brycht baneris, And horss heiti/t on ser maneris ; And cot armowris off ser colowris. Barbour, viii. 230. MS. I scarcely think that it signifies coloured here, hut, " decked out in various ways ;" from A. S. lu's-ian specicra illusoriam inducre, or heie-an, os. tendere. HE WIS, 3.p.v. Luke to thyself, I warn the Weill, on deid ; The cat cummis, and to the mouse hezi>ix e. Ilenrysone, Bannatyne Poems, p. 127. st. 3. " Probably the same with heaves, raises or lifts up his eye. It may however imply no more than haves or has. So arbitrary was spelling with us." Lord Hailes, Note. HEWIS, J-. pi. Shapes, forms ; ghosts. First I conjure the by Sanct Marie, Jle alrisch king and queue of farie, — lie Sanctis of hrvin and heicis of hell. Philot. Pink. S. P. R. iii. 45. A.S, /.enivjrnf, simulacra; or ^iri-e, a representa- tion or resenibl:ince. A.S. hia-e n]so signifies a fa- mily. But this sense is K'ss natural. niLWn,pret. Tarried, Kvin fo the easteil he raid, Jleiiit in aue dern slaid, Guican and Gol. iii. 15, H V C Leg. huvit, as in edit, 1508. HEWIT, part. pa. Having hoofs, q. hooved. From the tenipil of Diane euermo Thir horny hewit horsis bene debarrit, Doug. Virgil, 237. 3, HEWMOND, Heumont, s. A helmet. The spulye led away was knaw ful rycht, Messapus riche heuimond schynand brycht. Doug. Virgil, 292. 51. <' This Cochran had his heumont born before him overgilt with gold ; and so were all the rest of his horns." Pitscottie, p. 78. E. helmet, q. helmond, has been derived from A.S. hel-an, or Isl. hilm.a to cover, and mond, Teut, mund, mouth, Isl. hylminge signifies cover- ing. HY, s. Haste. The Emperowre Lowys wyth gret hy The Lnmbarddys gaddryd als fast Til hym, and to Rome he past, Wynthxcn, vi, 5, 44. A. S. hige, diligentia, Isl. hcy-a, agere, inchoare. To HYCHT, Might, v. n. l. To trust, to ex- pect. It is used like the modern phrase, I assure you. This Schyr Eduuard, forsuth Ik hycht, Wes off his hand a noble knycht. Barbour, ix, 480, MS, A, S, Ic hihte, spero. 2. To promise. And Ik hycht her in leaute, Gift'ony deys in this bahiille, His ayr, but ward, releii or taile, On the fyrst day sail weld, Barbour, xii. 318, MS, — Yet hights him more than art can well per- forme. Hudson's Judith, p. 41. V. Hecht, v. It may be added, that both v. and s. seem to be still used in reference to prediction, V. GI. Burns, in vo. Hycht, s. A promise, an engagement. Towart Ydymsy syne thai raid Ane Irsche King, that aith had maid To Schyr Eduuard of fewte. — Schyr Eduuard trowit in hvs hycht; And with hys rout raid thiddir rycht, Barbour, xiv, 335. MS, To HICHT, HiGHT, Height, v. a. l. To raise higher, to heighten, S, Thus provisions are said to be hichtcd, when the price is raised. Thir peur Coiumounis, daylie as ye may sie, Declynes doun till extreme povcrtie; For some ar heichtil so into their maill, Thair wynnitig will nocht find thame water caill. How kirkraen heicht thair teindis it is weill knawin. That husbandmen noways may hald thair awin, Lyndsay, S. P. k. ii, 161, 162, A. S. hiht-an, augere. Hichty, adj. Lofty. Within thay hichty boundis Turnus richt Lay still at rest amyddis the dirk nycht, Doug. Virgil, 221. 30. Alius, Virg, A. S. hihth, altitudo. II I D HIDDIE-GIDDIE, Hirdie girdie,«^i.. Top- sy-tur\y, in a confused or disorderly state. Ill come twa flvrand fiilis with a fond fair, The luqiihoit, and the gukkit gow k, and yede hii/dit'.giddie. llouhitc, iii. 13. MS. That jiirdane i may row, It gart my heid rin hiddj/ z>/. Hiding- places, lurking-places. Thai ordan^ t, that he still suW be In hiddillis, and in priwete. Harbour, v. 306. MS. Bot Scilla lurkand in derne hiddillis lyis. Doug. Hrgil, 82. 19. In the hiddils of adijke, under the cover or shelter of a stone wall, S. Thair ar nac bounds but I haif bene, Nor hidlings frae me hid. Cherrie and Slae. st. 55. In hidling.f, adv. secretly, S. V. Stend, v. In hidils, or hidlis, O. K. signiQes in secret, clan, destinely. " Prie thi father in hidlis, and thi father that seeth in hidlis schal yeldc to the. W'icl. Mat. c. 6. " Howe king Aliired tied to Kthelyngay in hi- dils, for dread of Danes, and serued an oxherde of the cowntie." Hardynge's Cron. Tit. ch. 109. A.S. hj/dcis, latibuhim; spelunca. Su.G. hide, latibulum; MoesG. helhjo, cubiculura, according to Junius, properly the most remote part of a building, appropriated for preserving treasures, or for doing any thing secretly. Gl. Goth. HIDDIRTYL, Hiddirtillis, adv. Hitherto. Schaw quhidder your nauy Has crrit by tharc cours, and fer gane will. Or yit by force of storme cachit hiddirtj/l. Doug. Virgil, 212. 12. Thus hiddirtillis warren dercynes sere Exercit in wourschip of his fader dere. Ibid. 147. 48. Acts Mar. c. 9. hiddirtils. A. S. hider hither, and til, tille, to, Sw. kaertils, id. HIDWISE, adj. Hideous. Schir Kdmond loissit has his life, and laid is full law: Schir Evin hurtis has hynt hidwise, and sair. Gavcan and Gol. iii. 7. Rudd. derives it from Fr. hideux, id, Scren., on II I L the E. word, refers to Isl. heide, desertum, locus horridns. HIEGATIS, s.pL High ways, Acts Ja. VI. Tlie public road is still called the Me gate, S. V. Gate. HIE HOW, interj. Bravo, an exclamation, used as equivalent to Evoe, Virg. Sche srhoiitis Hie, Hojcl Bacchvis God of wyne, Thovv onlie art wourthie to hauc our virgyne. Doug, f'irgil, 220. 25. This seems to be the same cry that is still used by our seamen, when wishing to pull at once, or per- form any work together. To HYGHT, V. a. To promise. V. Hicht. HY-JINKS, s. A very absurd mode of drink- ing, by throwing the dice in order to determine who shall empty the cup. Aften in iSlaggy's, at hy-jinks, We guzzled scuds. Ramsai/'s Works, i. 216. From the description there given of it in a note, it appears to be materially the same with the drunk, en game called IVhigmuleerie, q. v. To HILCH, v. n. To hobble, to halt, S, — Then he'll hihh, and stilt, and jump. And rin an unco fit. Burns, iii. 160. V. Ckouchie. Can we view this as corr. from Germ, hink-en, claudicare ? Hinchet, elaudicatis, Gl. I'cz. HILLIEGELEERIE, adv. Topsy-turvy, S. B. HILT AND HAIR, the whole of any thing, S. Why did yon sae ? Says Bydby, for ye had [n your ain hand to hadd, baith hcfl and blade; 'Iho' I did wiss't indeed, and wiss't it sair. That ye were mine, ev'n ilka hilt and hair, I cudna force you to gee your consent. Ross's Ileknore, p. 83. I need scarcely say, that hilt is not used in the sense of the F,. word, as signifying a handle, or heft, as in a preceding line. It is evidently of the same meaning with Su.G. hull, anc. hold, llesh, the whole body ; also, the outermost skin. Isl. holld, in pi. carnes viventium ; G. Andr. Su.G. Nj/ti hull oc hud; Let him have the liesh, or carcase, and hide. Ihre informs us, that med hull och haar is a Prov. phrase denoting the whole; instead of which the Germ, say, met haut und har . He derives ^mW and hold from hol.ia to conceal, because the skin covers the bones and intestines. V. Ihre, vo. Hull, Hud, Horund. Ata up naagot med hull och haar, ta devour, or, to eat up a thing entirely ; Wideg.. A. S. hold, a carcase. V. Gouries, Addend. HILTED RUNG, a crutch. iVlayhap, my hilted rung, A stick that never yet was dung, — May lay your vile ill-scrapit tongue. Shirrefs' Poems, p. 17. Q. a stick with a hilt or handle. This phrase has perhaus betn formed by the author. KILTER- SKILTER, adv. In rapid succession, implying the idea of confusion, S. helter-skel- ter, E. This has been supposed to be a corr. of Lat. hila. riter, celeriter, a phr.ise said to occur in some old The use of this We find it in Phi- II Y N law-doeds, as denoting that any (hing was done cheerfully and expeditiously. I have not, however, met with this phrase; atid would rather view the term as a corr. of A. S. hcolslr sceiiilo, chaos, a con- fused or disordered heap of things. iXc :i-iiei her tha "kt, nijmihe Itcohter-sccalho ; nihil adhuc factum crat praeter chaos; Soiuner. HIMEST, Leg. HUMEST, mlj. Uppennost. Cuthre wilh ten in handys has thaini fayn, Put thaim to dede, of tliaim he sawyt nayn. AValljce gert talc in haist thar humest weid, And sic lik. men thai waillyt weill gud speid ; — In that ilk soit thai graithit thaim to ga. IVullacc, ix. 70j. MS. IIime.it, Perth edit., upmost, edit. 1648. This seems to be merely A. S. iifemest suprcmtis, aspirated. V. Umast. HIMSELL, corr. of /.'imse/f. is of considerable antiquity, lotus. First I conjure the be Sanct Marie, — Be auld Sanct Tastian him sell, Be Peter and be PauU. Fiiil.: S. P. R. i. 45. At him OT her sell, in the full possession of one's mental powers, S. B. Hallach'd and damish'd, and scarce at her sell, Her limbs they faicked under her and fell. Ross's Helenore, p. 24. Weill at himsell, plump, lusty, en bon point ; a vulgar phrase, used in Clydes. Uif himsell, or hersell, beside himself, deprived of reason, S. Some fright he thought the beauty might have got— And thought that she even by hersell might be. Ross's Helenore,ip. 28. He gat hemp-seed, 1 mind it weel, An' he made unco light o't ; But monie day was bj/ himsel, He was sae sairly frighted That vera night. Burns, iii. 132. HYNDER, ,f. Hinderance, obstruction, S. B. hcmlcr. " Yit thair vyce did na hi/nder, nor dirogatioun fo thair authoritie, hot thay had the grace of Cod to dand and hingand betuix ony parteis, to be pro- ceidit, as thay war wont." Acts Ja. IV. 1494. c. 90. Edit. 1566. c. 57. Murray. HiNGARE, Hyngare, s. X. A necklace ; " be- cause it hangs from, or about the neck;" Rudd. vo, Hing, Doug. 2. Hyngaris, pi. hangings, tapestry. " He maryit the said eriis douchter, & gat fra hym bcsydc mony goldin and siluer vcschell, sindry riche & precious hyngaris, in quhilkis war the his- tory of Hercules maist curiusly wrocht." Bellcnd. Cron. B. xvii. c. 1. Auieis byssinis, Boeth. To HYNK, HiNK, V. n. Thy corps sail clyng, thy curage sail wax cald. Thy helth sail hynk, and tak a hurt but hone. Henrysvne, Bannatyne Poems, p. 133. " Thy health shall incontinently haste away, nor Trill there be any relief or intermission from disease. Iljjnk is from A. S. higan, festinare; hence, to hie." Lord Hailes, Note. But several other etymons may be oiTercd, which suggist a more natural sense of the passage. Germ. Atfn/ce?!, to suspend. Thus, it would signify ; "Thy health shall bo in a state of suspence." This me- taphor is used Deut. xxviii. 66. " Thy life shall liang in UuubL" Su.G. /!ae/;g--.'?(/A- appellatur, qui inter acgrotum at sanum niedius est, et dc quo niutrum di. ci potest ; Ihre, vo. Haenga. Germ. Beig. hink. en signifies to halt, to stagger ; which suggests a similar idea. Su.G. hzi:ink.a, vacillare, to waver, to fluctuate. I have met with it in another passage, which seems to allude to the motion of a door that is moving H I N backwards and forwards. This suggests the idea of hesitation or suspense. And when this Test came first a thort, Any that saw his strange deport, Perceiv'd his maw to hink and jarr. He went abroad, but not so farr. As soon as London air he got. It slipt like oysters ov'r his throat. He said no more, but down did get, And keckled at his own conceit. Cleland's Poems, p. lOo. HINKLINE, s. An obscure intimation, same as E. inkling, " He wrote to Geneva & Tiguria sinistrous infor. raations of all our proceedings, & as might best serve to purchase if it had been never so little a hinkline of their pen to have born out his course," &c. Mr James Mellvill's MS. Mem. p. 104. Seren. derives the E. word from Isl. inn-a intimc impendere. But as Su.G. zcink is synon., perhaps rather from zcink-a, to beckon. To HINT, Hynt, v. a. To lay hold of, to snatch, to grasp, S. Quhill Warans ost thik on the bryg he saw, Fra Jop the horn he hyntyt, and couth blaw Sa asprely, and warned gud Jhon Wricht. Wallace, vii. 1179. MS. Swyilh hynt your armour, tak your wappinnis all. Doug. Virgil, 274. 54. He hent it in his 'hand, he laid hold of it, S. Chaucer uses /ien^e in the same sense; immediately from A. S. hent-an capere, rapcre. But we trace the origin by means of Su.G. haent-a, id. manu pre. hendere, from hand manus. Accordingly, it is also written haend-a; Isl. hendt-a, henth-u. Hynt, s. Act of exertion. Conscience to Sin gave sic ane [angrie] dynt; Yit Conscience his breist hurt with the hynt. King Hart, ii. 15. HINT, s. An opportunity, Gl. Ross. I have heard the word used in this sense, Ang. Thus one asks a hint of a booi^ or an opportunity ot running over it. That lad I liked aboon ony ane. And like him yet, for a' that's come and gane ; And boot to tell for fear I lost the hint, Sae that I on him hadna steai'd a dint. Ross's Hclenore, p. 102. Force will compel you to comply at last; Sae look about you ere the hint be lost. Ibid. p. 103. It may either be q. hold, from the r. / or from Su.G. haend-a, accidere, the idea of opportunity and accident being intimately connected. Isl. bend- er, V. impers. contigit, accidit. Ihre derives the o. from hand mawns; because what succeeds or fails, is said to go well, or ill, in onc's hand. HINT. In a hint., in a moment, S. B. Out throw the thickest of (he crowd he sprang, And in a hint he claspt her hard and fast. Ross's HcU'nore, p. 98. This may be from the v., as implying that a thing is done as quickly as one grasps an object. HINT, adv. To the hint, behind, S. 4 1' II I K MoesCi.lihnlar, A.S. Iiindan, Tcut. hindcii, post. IIYNTWORTHE, s. An herb. — And, in piincipio. sought out syne, — Halio water, anil the lambiT boidis, JJi/n/ziortltc. and fouitic vthcr woidis. Lesend, Up. St Jiidrois, Poems I6th Cent. p. 319. To HIP, V. a. To miss, to pass over, S. hap is used, S. B. It is from the same origin with hop, E. Alem. hopp.an, Su.G. hopp-a, Germ, hupff-en, Bclg. hupp. en, Gloss. Eston. Spegel. hypp-aen, Sw. hoppa oef- veer is expl. to ovcri)ass, omittere; Sercn. A simi- lar term was used in O. E. — One word they ouerhypped at ech time that they preach, That Poule in hys pistle to al the puple told ; Perkulum est infulsisfrutribus. P. Ploughman, Fol. 65. b. Oaerhipped, cA\t. \56\. Hip, s. An omission, the act of passing over, S. HIPPEN, s. A kind of towel used for wrapping about the hifis of an infant, S. hipping, A. Bor. Ncist, the first hippen to the green was flung, And thereat seeful words baith said and sung. Ross''s llelenore, p. 13. This respects a superstition used after childbirth. To HIRCH, (ch hard) v. n. To shiver, to thrill from cold, S. groue synon. Pirhaps radically the same with Ilurchle, q. v. HYRCHOUNE, (^ci hard) j, A hedgehog ; S. burchin. — As ane hjjrchoune, all his rout Geft set owt speris all about. Barbour, xii. 353. MS. E. urchin. Junius refers to Fr. herisson, Lat. erinac-eus. Lye views the E. word as contr. from Arm. hcureuchin, id. To BIRD, v.a. 1. To tend cattle, S. 2. To watch over, to guard any person or thing. Su.G. Isl. hird-a, A. S. hj/rd-an, custodire, servare. HiRD, Hyrde, s. One who tends cattle, S. Was it not euin be sir ane fcnyet gird Qulicn Paris furth of Phryge the Troyane hird Socht lo the ciele Laches in Sparta, And thare tlie douchter of Leda stal awa ? Doug. Virgil, 219. 23. A. S. hijrd, hj/r referred to; Sv;. hors. Hossegiog mny be allieil to Su.G. Isl. hacsl, equus. HOB EGAS. " The H. of C. [apparently, Heritors of Cruivesj are ordained to desist from stenting of their net* from the one side of the water to the other coble or net, going pleat, hoas, herrywaters, or any otheir way during the Saturday's sloop [slop]." Decreet, Lords of Session, 1693, State, Fraser of Frascrfield, p. 330. HOBBY. Thair wes the hcrraldis fa the hobby but fable, Stanchellis, Stcropis, scrycht to thair sterne lordis. Houlate, iii. 2. This passage is quoted by Mr Pink, as not under- stood. But a species of hawk, accipiter coluinba- rius, is evidently meant. It is known by this name in E. ; and is called the herruldis fa, i. e. the foe of the- swallow, formerly described in this poem, as he- rald. Belg. hiiijhc, hujjbclccn, Fland. hobbye, C. B. he. hog, Fr. hobercau, id. To HOBBIL, HoEBEL, ij. a. To cobble, to mend in a clumsy manner. — All graith that gains to hobbill schone. liannulync Poems, p. 160. st. 9. Thir cur cofiVis that sailis oure sone, — AVith bair blue bonattis and hohbcld schonc, And beir bonnokis with thame tliay tak. Ibid. p. 171. St. 4. Perhaps from Germ, hohel-en, dolare, to cut smooth, to rough-hew ; hohel, a carpenter's axe. To HOBBIL, V. a. To dance. Menstrel, blaw uj) ane brawl of France; Let sc quha liohbils best. Lipidsai/, S. P. R. ii. 201. Tcxit. hobbcl-cn, saXtuvc. HOBBY- TOBBY, adj. An epithet used to de- note the tout-ensemble of an awkward, tawdrj woman ; as including not only dress, but pei"- sonal appearance and manners, S. Teut. hobbel-tobbel, tumultuarie, confuse, accr- vatim ; Belg. hobbeti en tobben, to foil and moil. HOBBLE, s. A state of perplexity or confu- sion ; in a sad hobble^ at a nonplus,' S. babble. Loth. id. Teut. bobhel-en, inglomerare. V. preceding word. HOBBLEDEHOY, s. A lad, or stripling, Loth.; Hohbcty-boy,\A, K.^or. Hobberdcboy, cant E.; sometimes, I zramiormtA, hobblcdeboy. HOBELERIS, s. pi. i. " A species of light- horsemen chiefly calculated for the purpose of reconnoitring, carrying intelligence, harrassing troops on a march, intercepting convoys, and pursuing a routed army ; the smallness of their hprses rendering them unfit to stand the shock of a charge." Grose, Hist. E. Arm. i. 106. Ane huudre thowsand men, and ma; And XI, thousand war of tha Armyt on hors, baith held and hand. — And L thousand otl' archeris He had, for owtyn hobeleris. Barbour, si. 110. MS. Those, according to Spelman, were soliiiers scrv. iug in Fiance, under Edward III. of England, pro. vided with light arniourj and horses of a middling 4 HOC siic, capable of vcr)' quick motion. lie brought over these troops for the war against R. Bruce. Spclm. derives it from hobby, a small horse; or rather from Fr. hobille, a coat of quilted sfuftwhich they wore instead of a coat of mail ; vo. Hubel. larii. " Some," says Grose, " have derived the term hobilcr from a Dan. word signifying a marc, not considering that any number of mares could not liavt! been suffered in an army where the men at arms were chielly mounted on stoned horses, and that besides, in the days of chivalry, it was consi. dered as a degradation for any knight, or man at arms, to be seen mounted on a mare.". Ilist. ut sup. p. 107. He derives the word from hobbjj. V. IIOBYNYS. 2. The word is sometimes expl. as merely signi- fying men lightly armed. " Sometimes the word signifies those who used bows and arrows, viz. pro warda maris tempore g»ierrae pro hobcrariis sagittariis inveniendis, &c. Thorn, A. 1364. Grose, ut sup. N. Hence Bullet derives the term from C. B. hobcl an arrow. HOBYNYS, s.pl. "War or carriage horses, strong horses," Pink. But the word signifies light horses. — llobi/ni/s, that war stykyt thar, Rely I, and flang, and gret rowme mad, And kest thaim that apon thaim rad. Barbour, xiv. C8. MS. Fr. hobin signifies a little ambling or pacing horse. It is in the history of the Irisli wars that Barbour mentions hohj/iiijs. This seems to be claimed as a word of Irish origin. Malleus, speak- ing of Ireland, says; " The land produces excel, lent horses, which the inhabitants call Ubinus, (IIo. linos) Hobbies." Ware's Antiq. p. 189. Accord- ing to the testimony of John Major, indeed, the Fr. borrowed this term from the Irish, who, it is pre- tended, brought this kind of horses with them from Spain. Equos q.ios haubinos vocant suauissime in- cedentes gignit. Asturcones autiquitus vocabantur: CO quod ex Asturibus Hispaniae venirent. Illos e. quos de Hi^pania secum attulerunt. Hos equos hau^ binos seu hobinox de Angl/u Galli vocant, eo quod ab Anglis in Galliam veniuut. Dc Gest. Scot. Lib. i. c. 9. F. 17, b. " From this kind of horse," says Ware, " certain riders who wear light armour, are called Ilobella- rii." Ut sup. p. 166. Two thousand of these were brought by Edw. II. out of Ireland to fight against the Scots. But the terms seem radically different. Bullet mentions hobin as an Ir. word denoting a horse whoso motion is easy. // not being used in Ir., it may be from obann, quick, nimble, o- baiiine, swiftness. It may be mentioned, however, that Isl. Dan. hoppa, denotes a marc. HOBLESHEW, s. A confused noise, an up- roar, S. V. Hubbleshew. HOBURN SAUGH, the vulgar name of tlie La- burnum, a species of the Cjjtisut, S. HOCKERTY-COCKERTY, adv. To ride on one's shoulders with a leg on each, Aberd. HOE " My side happcn'd to be newmost, an' the groat huddercn carlen was riding h(jcker/)j.cockertjj upo' my shoulders in a hand-clap." Journal from Lon- don, p. 3. This in Ang. is called Cocke rtti-hoti, q. v. HOCKIT,//-rt. ' The schamon's dance I mon begin ; I trow it sail not pane. So hevelie he hockil about Peblis to the Play, st. 20. Apparently iov hotchit, moved clumsily by jerks. V. HoTCH. HOCUS, s. A stupid fellow, a fool, a simple- ton, S. Isl. aiikuiae, homo nihili, qui nihil potest susti- ncre ; Olai Lex. Run. To HOD, HoDE, V. a. To hide; pret. hod. S. B. What's i' your laps ye hod sae sair I Lat's see, I'll wad its nac draff. Morinon's Poems, p. 17. Belg. hoed-en, hited-en, Alem. huod-en. HODDEN-GREY, adj. A term used with re- spect to cloth worn by the peasantry, which has the natural colour of the wool, S. But Meg, poor Meg ! man with the shepherds stay. And tak what God will send in hodden-grey, Ramsay'' s Poems, iL 178. Hodden is also used as a s. " Of the wool is manufactured almost every kind of cloth worn in the parish ; hodden, which is mostly used for herd's cloaks, and is sold at Is. 8d. the yard ; plaiding, Sic. P. Barrie, Forfars. Statist. Ace. iv. 242. Perhaps from E. hoiden rustic, clownish ; from Germ, hei.de heath. HODDIE, s. A carrion-crow. V. Huddy. HODDIN, ^a/-i. A term expressive of the jog- ging motion of one who rides a horse that moves stiffly, and who receives in his own body the impetus of every movement ; S. O. Here farmers gash, in ridin graith Gaed hoddin by their cotters. Burns, iii. 31. It seems radically the same with Iloud, q. v. To HODDLE, v. n. To waddle, Ang. This seeuis originally the same with the E. word ; of which no probable etymon has been given either by Skinner or Junius. That, which is most like- ely, has been overlooked, Sw. tced-ja, mentioned by Seren. as corresponding to E. wriggle. W^e may add, that Germ, watsch-eln, to waddle, is probably derived from the Sw. term. HOE, Hoe-fish, s. The Piked Dogfish, Squalus acanthias, Linn. ; but more frequently called dog, Orkney. " The Piked Dog-fish,— here knawn by the name of hoe, frequently visits our coasts ; and during the short time it continues, generally drives off every other kind of fishes." Barry's Orkn. p. 296. It has no other name than hoe, Shell. Sw. haj, Dan. hae, pron. ho, Squalus acanthias, Widcg. Germ. Aojfe, the generic name for a shark -, If O G sper-haye, the piked dog 6sh ; Schonevelde. V. Penn. Zool. iii. 77. HOE-MOTHER, Homer, j-. The Basking Shark, Orkn. " The basking shark (squalus niaximus, Lin. Syst.) — has here got the name of the hoe-mother, or homer, that is, the mother of the dog-fish." Bar. ry's Orkney, p. 296. HOESHINS, s. pi. Stockings without feet, Ayrs. Ti'iif. huyskcn theca, q. a case for the leg; V. HoGGEBS : or rather A. S. scin-hose, ocreae, greares, inverted. V. Moggans. HOG, 1. " A young sheep, before it has lost its first fleece ; termed harvest-hog, from being smeared at the end of harvest, when it ceases to be called a lamb." Gl. Compl., S. A sheep of a year old, A. Bor. ; also Northampt. and Leicest. Hogrel-, E. id. " The names of sheep are 1st. Ewe, wcdder, tup, lambs, until (hey are smeared. 2d. Ewe, wcdder, tup, hugs, until they are shorn." P. Lin. ton, Twcedd. Statist. Ace. i. 139. " Than the laif of ther fat flukkis follouit on the fcllis baytht youis and lamniis, — and mony herueist hug." Compl. S. p. 103. — Ane calf, ane hog, ane fute-braid sawin. — Bannatync Poems, p. 158. st. 3. It retains this name till it be a year old. Then it is called a rfj/Hmo/!f/, ifaweddcr; a.ud a, gimmer, if a ewe. Dr Lcyden mentions Norm, hogeiz as rendered young wedder sheep ; remarking that this may be a mistake, as the term ewe-hog and wedder-hog are current among the peasantry. Bailey, under the designation O. L. (expl. Old Lat.,) by which he certainly means L. B., mentions hoggaeius, and hoggaster, as signifying " a young shecj) of the second year." HOG, s. In the diversion of curling, the name given to a stone which does not go over th^ distance score, S. It seems to be denominated from its laziness, and hence the distance-line is called the hog-score, SB. It is thrown aside, as of no account in the game. —Say, canst thou paint the blush Impurpled deep, that veils the stripling's cheek. When, wand'ring wide, the stone neglects the rank. And stops mid. way? — His opponent is glad, Yet fears a sini'lar fate, while ev'ry mouth Cries " Off (he /io^>-,"— and Tinto joins the cry. Grcicmc\s Pucms, Anderson's Poets, xi. 44. To HOG, Hogg, v. a. To shog, Ang. You'll hogg your lunach in a skull. Old Hall. i. e. shog your child in a has- ket used for a cradle. Isl. /(«£';»•.« commoveo, quasso ; haggast or hocr. giiin, paiva ronimotio; G. Andr. p. 101. HOGERS, HoGGERs, j-. />/. Coarse stockino^s v.-ithout feet, S. '^ A pair of grey hoggers well clinked bencw, Of war idler lit but the hue of llie ewe, Uidi a pair of rough rullions (o scufl'tiiro' the dew, HOG Was the fee they sought at the beginning o'f. Song, Ross's Helenore, p. 137. " He observed one of the black man's feet to be cloven ; — and that he had hogers on his legs without shoes." Glanville's Sadducisraus, p. 393. I know not if this be allied to O. E. cokers used by Langland. I shal aparel me, quod Parken, in pilgrems wise, And wend with you I wyl, tyl we finde truthe, And cast on my clothes clouted and hole, Mi cokers and mi cutles, for cold on my nails. P. Ploughman, Fol. 31, b. i. e. as would seem, coverings both for legs and arms. Skinner thus defines the term ; Magnae ocreae rusticorura et Piscatorum, ab A. S. cocer, Belg. koker, theca, q. theca crurum ; or a case for the le£;s. It must be observed, however, that our Ao^. gers would be no safeguard to the nails. HOGMANAY, Hogmenay, s. l. The name appropriated by the vulgar to the last day of the year, S. In Northumb. the month of December is called Hagmana. This designation Lanibe derives from Gr. ayix ftnn, (he holy moon. Notes to Battle of Floddon, p. 67. This seems to be also the pron. of the South of S. " It is ordinary among some plebeians in the South of Scotland, to go about from door to door on New-year's Eve, crying Hagmane.''' Scots Presb. Eloquence, p. 133. 2. It is transferred to the entertainment given to a visitor on this day ; or to a gift conferred on those who apply for it, according to ancient custom, S. The cotter weanies, glad an' gay, Wi' pocks out owrc their shouther. Sing at the doors for hogmanay. Rev. J. Nicol's Poems, i. 27. Sibb. thinks that the term may be connected with Teut. met heughe ende meicgh eien, to eat with pleasure and appetite ; or derived from A. S. hogen- hyne, one's ozeyi domestic servant ; or allied to Scand. hoeg-tid, " a term applied to Christmas and various other festivals of the church." A very in- genious essay appeared on this subject, in the Ca. Icdonian Mercury for January 2, 1792., with the signature Philologus. The work being fugitive, it may be proper to give a pretty large extract from it. " The cry of Hogmanay Trololay-, is of usage immemorial in this country. It is well known that the ancient Druids went into the woods with great solemnity on the last night of the year, where they cut the inisletoe of the oak with a golden bill, and brought it into (he towns and counfryhouses of the great next morning, when it was distributed among the people, who wore it as an amulet, to preserve them from all harms, and particularly from the dan. ger of battle. " When Christianity was introduced among the barbarous Ccltae and Gauls, it is jirobable that the clergy, when they could not completely abolish the Pagan rites, would endeavour to give them a Chris- tian turn. \Vc have abundant instances of this in the ctreinonics of the Romish church. Accordiiig- 4 HOG ]y, tliis srcms to have been done in the present in. stance, for about the middle of the lOth ccninry, many coni|ilaints were made to tlic'(iallic Synods, of great excesses which were conimitled on the last night of the year, and on tlie first of January, dur- ing the Ft'/f Jc Foils, by companies of both sexes, dressed in fantastic habits, who run abont with their Christmas Boxes, called T/re Lire, begging for the lady in the straw, both money and wassels. These beggars weie called Uaclwlef/ex, Guisards; and their chief Rollel Follet. They rar.ie into the churches, during the service of the vigils, and dis. tiirbed the devotions by their cries of Au gui mciier, Roltct Fullei, Au gui mcnez, tin' liri, mainte tiu blaiic et point du his. Tliiers, \\\A. dcs Fetes et dcs Jeux. " At last, in 1598, at the representation of the Bishop of Angres, a stop was put to their coming into the churches; but they became more licenti- ous, running about the country, and frightening the people in their houses, so that the legislature was obliged to put a final stop to the Fete dc Fous in 1668. " The resemblance of the above cry to our Hog. mcnuy, Trololnij, Give nn your xdiite bread, mid none of i/oiir grey ; and the name Guisards given ro our Bacchanals, are remarkable circumstances ; and our former connexions with France render it not improbable that these festivitres were taken from thence, and this seems to be confirmed by our name of Daft Bays, w hich is nearly a translation of Fc/es dc Fous. " It deserves also to be noticed, that the Bishop of Angres says, that the cry, Au gui mcncz, Rollet Follet, was derived from the ancient Druids, who went out to cut (he Gui or mistletoe, shouting and hollowing [hollaing] all the way, and on bringing it from the woods, the cry of old was, Au Gui I'' an ncuf, le lltiivient. Now, although we must not suppose that the Druids s])oke French, we may easily allow that cry to have been changed with the language, while the custom was continued. If the word Gui should be Celtic or even Scandinavian, it would add force to the above conjecture. Perha|'S too, the word Rollet is a corru[)tion of the ancient Nor- man invocation of their hero Rollo." In confirmation of (his account, it may be add. rd. (hat according to Keysler, in some parts of Franco, parcicnlarly in Aquitaine, it is customary (or l)o>s and young men, on the last day of Decem- ber, to go about the towns and villsges, singing and begging money, as a kind of A'cic-ijear's gift, and crying out, Au Guy! L'An NeuJ ! " To the Mistletoe! The New year is at hand!" Antiq. Sep- tent. p. 305. In F.ngland, it is still a common custom among the vulgar, to hang up a branch of mistletoe on Christmas day. This, in the houses of (he great, is done in the servant's-hall or kitchen. Unler this, the young men salnfe ^hrir sweethearts. This is evi- dently a relique of Drnidism ; as the mistletoe was believed to be peculiarly propitious. It is customa- ry, I am informed, during the same season, to adorn even the churches with it. This may certainly be vie.red as a traditionary vestige of its consccratiun in the worship of the ancient Britons. HOG Some give th;« cry a Christian origin. Supposing that it alludes to the time when our Saviour was born, they imagine that it immediately respects the arrival of the wise men from the East. It has been generally believed, in the church of Rome, that these were three in number, and that they were kings or reguli in their own country. Thus, (he language as borrowed from the Fr. has been render- ed ; Homme est ne, Trois roif allots; "A man is born. Three kings arc come." As many of the customs, in Popish countries, are merely a continuation, or slight alteration of those that have been used during heathenism, it is only to carry the conjecture a litdo far(her, to suppose, that after the introduction of Christianity, thedrui- dical cry was changed (o one of a similar sound, but of a dilFerent signification. The strong attachl ment of a people to their ancient customs, has, in a variety of instances, been reckoned a sufficient ex- cuse for this dangerous policy, which retained the superstition, while it merely changed the object, or the name. The night preceding Yule was, by the Northern nations, called Iloggu-nott, or Hogcnat. This may be literally rendered, the slaughtcr.night. The name is supjiosed io have originated from the great multitude of ca((le, which were sacrificed on that night, or slaughtered in preparation for the feast of the following day. Although the origin of this term is quite nnccr. tain, one, eager to bring every thing to the Gothic standard, might find himself at no loss for an ety- mon. One of the cups drunk at the feast of Yule, as celebrated in the times of heathenism, was called Minnc. This was in honour of deceased relations, who had acquired renown. The word Miime or Miniii simply denotes remembrance. V. Mind, v. As our Gothic ancestors worshipped the Sun under the name of Thor, and gave the name of Oel to any feast, and by way of eminence to this ; the cry of Hugmenay Trololay might be conjecturally view- ed as a call (o the celebration of the Festival of their great god ; q. Hogg minni '. Thor oel ! oel! " Ke. member your sacrifices : The F'east of Thor! The F'east !" But so wide is the field of conjecture, that I should not wonder although some might be disposed to trace this term to Hercules. l"or we learn from Lucian (in Here.) that the Gauls called him O^- mi'us. V. Bochart. Chan. p. 737.. This might for once unite Gothic and CeKic etymologists. F'or a- mong the ancestors of the famous German warrior Arminius, Nennius mentions Ogomun, whom Keys. fer views as the same person with Hercules. Antiq, p. 40. Our Irish brethren could scarcely dissent j as this Ogmius, (wluther Hercules or Mercury, as some say, signifies nothing) is supposed to have had his name from the Ugum, or ancient and sacred cha- ru. ters of their country. Y. Sinoiv-e'kv. HOGRY-MOGRY, adj. Slovenly, Loth. corr. from hugger-mugger, E. V. Hudge-mudge. HOG-SCORE, s. " .\ kind of distance line, in curling, drawn across the rink or course," S. Gl. Burns. It is used metaph. in allusion to this sport* 4 G II O Y But now he lags on death's hog.sdore. liuriis, ii'i. 318. This is called the coal or coll, S. B. As the stone which docs not cross this mark is pushed aside, not being counted in the game, the name may allude to the laziness of a hog. V. IIog. HOG-SHOUTHER, s. "A game in which those who amuse themselves justle each other by the shoulders," S. Gl. Burns. Isl. huf^g-a, to move, to shake, to jog ; or hogg. a, to strike. It seems allied to the game in E. cal- led hitch. bullock or level-coil. To HocsnouTHER, V. a. To justle with the shoulder, as in the game. The warly race may drudge an' drive, jlog'shouthcr, jundie, stretch an' strive; Let me fair Nature's face descrive. Bumf, iii. 252. This use of the word, I suspect, is from the liberty of a poet. To HOY, V. a,. 1. To urge on, to incite; a term generally used with respect to dogs, S. They hoy't out Will, wi' sair advice. Burns, iii. 136. 2. To chase or drive away, in consequence of this incitation, or by means of hooting and halloo- ing. Ladycs and lairds, gar hound your dogs, And hojj the queius away. Mai/land Poems, p. 189. Mr Pinkerton renders if hoot. JJot (|uhen the King's Excellence Did kuaw my falsct and ollence. And my iiridefull presumptioun ; 1 gat na vther recompence, Bot ho^it and houndit of the toun. Ljjmhaij's Warkis, 1592, p. 303. Fr. hu-er, hujj-er, to hoot at, to shout after, to raise the hue and cnj. Isl. ho. a, to gather the (locks, or to drive them : V^oce incondita, grcges convocare, vcl agere; G. Andr. p. US. By the M-ay, I may mention a curious specimen of etymo- logy. " These wooids, Heu, and Crie, the first being a Latine woord, the other a French woord, are auncient woordes of vse in the Lawes of this realme, et verba eiiiin sunt dokntis, they are al- ■waies woordes of weeping and lamenting: — As in the 10 chapter of Tobias, when old Tobias and his wife saw that their sonne returned not againe, fear, ing that tliere had chaunced some sodaine misfortune vnlo him, the woman in her sodaine griefe vttered these woordes. Hen, heu me,J!li mi; Alas, alas, ■no is me my Sonne, &c. — And according to that scnco, tliese woordes have alwaies been in vse in this land, so that when any man hath receiued any sodain hurt or harme,— they liauc vscd presently to follow a'.ul pursue the otlenilers with Heu and Crie, that is, with a *o;r().v/i(// and lumciitab/e crie, for helpe to take such ofl'endcrs." .Manwood's Forrest Lawes, Tol. 120, a. ' HOYES, s. 1. A term used in public procla- mations, calling attention. It is thrice repeat- ed, S. Ojcs, E. ; Fr. oj'c-r., hear ye. Skene thus defines L. B. hucsium. HOI " Anc hoycs, or crie vsed in proclamations, quhairby ane officiar of amies, or messenger dois conveene the people, and foir-warnis theni to hearc him." Verb. Sign. vo. iluesinm. 2. Ir is also used by Skene, although perhaps im- properly, as equivalent to hue, in the phrase hue and cry. " Gif the debtour or anie on his part corns to the place quhare the poynds are driven away ; and violentlie, and be force takes and caries them away; the Lord of the land or the creditour with schout, and hoj/es, may follow him," 2 Stat. Rob. L c. 20.. § 12. In the latter sense it is allied to Fr. huer. V. Hoy. HOIF, HoFF, Hove, Hourr, Hufe, s. i. A hall. Bellenden, in the account given of the expedition of Julius Cesar into Britain, says, that according to " our vulgare croniclis, Julius came to the Cal- lendare wod, and kest down Camelon the principall ciete of Pichtis, efter that the samyn was randerit to hym. Syne left behynd hym nocht far fra Car. rou, ane round hous of square stauis. xxiiii. cu- bitis of hecht, and. xii. cubitis of breid, to be ane memory of his cumyng to the place. Otheris sayis he vsit this hous (as his tent) in al his viage, and had it ay tursit with him. And for that caus it was caliit Julius hoif." Cron. Fol. 27, b. It is jnore fully expressed in the original. Hancque Jk/m Hoff, id est, J ulis aulam seu curiam, quod nomen ad nos devenit ab incolis cxinde appellatum. Boeth. L. iii. c. 4. But Bellenden has not told that Boece discredits this account, and prefers that left by Verenr.md, who is said to have viewed this as a temple built by Vespasian in honour of Claudius Cesar, and the goddess Victory. It is evident indeed, that those who explained the designation, Julius hoif, in relation to Julius Cesar, were entirely ignorant of the ancient history of llri. tain ; as he never penetrated into this par. of the is- land. They have confounded two illustrious per. sons, who had the sama ]>raei)omen. It had received this name, not from Julius Ceaar, but from Julius Agricola, by whom this sacellum api)ears to have been built; although Stukeley ascribes it to Carau. sius. Medallic Hist, of Caraus. i. 132. Gordon's Itinerar. p. 26. This is the primary sense of Su.G. kof, as given by Ihre; aula. He here uses aula as e(piivalent to templiim, fanum. This buildi:>g was in the vicinity of Canulon, which has been fahr.lously viewed as the capital of the Pictish kingdom ; al'.liougb undoubted- ly a Roman station. But, as this was situated on the con lines of the Pictish kingdom, asul as the na;ie, Julius" hoif, has no atiinity to the Celtic, it is highly probable that it was imposed by the Piets. Thus it affords no inconsiderable presumption that the lan- guage of the Picts was Gothic. 'i'his building has been more generally known bv the name of Jrthur's Ooii or Oseu. But there is every reason to believe that the other was the more ancient designation. Usher speaks of both names. H O I imlcrd, as usee) in his time ; Arthur's Oven et Julius /«;//'a|)pellant hodie. De Brit. Eccles. Primord. c. 15. p. 58G. In another part of his work, Boece as translated by Bc'llonden, says with respect to Edw. I. " At- toiire this tyraiie iiad sic vane arrogance that he kest him to distroye all the antiquiteis of Scotland. And efter that he liad passit throw, sindrie boundis of Scotland, he commandit the round t^mpill besyde Camelon to be cassin doun, quhilk was biggit, (as weliaueschawin,) in the honoure of Claudius Impre- our and the goddcs Victory; nocht suffering be his inny sa mckill of the antiquiteis of oure eldaris to remane in niemorie. No the los the inhabitantis saif- fit the samyn fra vttir cuersioun ; and put the Roman signes and superscriptionnis out of the wallis thare- ofl'. AIs thai put away the armes of Julius Cesar; and ingrauit the armis of King Arthour, commanding it to be callit Arthouris ho/jV B. x\y. c. 7. MS. pen. Auct. In the printed copy, instead of superscriptionnis, it is supersti/ioiiis. Bellenden here, as in many other places, has used great liberty with the original. Boece says, " that this order being giren for the destruction of the tern, pie, as the inhabitants, from their love to their anti- quities, did not immediately- execute it, Edward forth- with changed his mind, and saved the walls and roof of the temiile." To him also he ascribes the deletion of the memorials of Cesar, and the change of the name. For he adds ; " But it was his pleasure that all the remembrances of Cesar should be obliterated : and the stone, on which the names of Claudius and Victory were engraved, being taketi away, he order- ed that the name of Arthur, formerly king of the English, should be substituted, and that it should be called his hall ; whicli name it retains even to our time, being called Artliiir's hof in the vernacular language of the Scots." By the way I may observe, that it is a singular circumstance, that this very ancient monument of our country should survive the devastations of Ed- wurd, and perish by the orders of one of the name of Bruce. The account, given by Boece, has, at least, more credibility than many others that have proceeded from the pen of Boece. Fordun assigns a reason for the designation still less credible. While he ascribes the work to Julius Cesar, he says that, as Arthur, king of the Britons, when he resided in Scotland, used often, as it is reported, to visit this place for the sake of recreation, it was thence by the vulgar called Arthur's Hove. Scotichr. Lib. ii. c. 16. Many readers will be disposed to prefer a hypo- thesis dilferent from either of these. It is unques- tionalile, that many Roman encampments in this country are by the vulgar ascribed to the Danes; for no other reason than because their invasions were of a later date than those of the Romans. In like manner, it appears that, after (he romantic histories of Arthur came to be known in this country, his name was imposed on several places which Arthur himsi'lf never saw. Douglas, in his translation of Virgil, calls the con, stcllation Arcturus Jrthurfs Hi/fe, 85. 42. and in HOI this designation seems to allude to tFiat building which had been so long famous in S. For hiij'c is evident- ly the same with hoif. Now Boece and Douglas were coniemporarics, the History of Scotland being published only five years after' the death of the Bishop of Dunkeld. Even previous to this era, the Scots seem to have begun to acquire a taste for these Romances well known in other countries. V. Barbonr, iii. 73. 437. ; Wallace, viii. 844. 885. 966. Ai-thur being so much celebrated in these works, the principle of imitation would induce them to feign some memorials of him in their own country. Hence we have got Arthur's Seat, Arthur's Round Table, and Arthur's Oun. Barbour mentions the Round Table at Stirling. Be newth the castel! went thai sone, Ryeht by the Round Table away ; And syne the Park enweround thai; And towart Lithkow held in hy. B. xiii. 379. MS. Ninimo, in his History of Stirlingshire, mentions a round artificial mount still remaining in the gardens of Stirling Castle, called Arthur's Round Table; and, as IMr Pink, lias observed, seems rightly to ima. ginc that it is this to which Barbour refers. Mr Fink, has also observed, in proof of the early diffu- sion of the fame of Arthur through Scotland, that the royal palace at Stirling was called A'^aaf/on; and that one of the Heralds of Scotland is termed Snozs- dun Herald to this day. Barbour, i. 103. 104. N. Sir D. Lyndsay mentions both. Adcw fair Snadoun with thy towris hie, Thy Chapel royal, Park, and Tabill Round. JVarkis, 1592. p. 206. It may be added, that, before the age of Barbour, the fame of Arthur was so much revived, that Edw. III. of England, in the year 1344, resolved to insti- tute a new order of knights, who were to be deno- minated knights of the Round Table This was his original plan with respect to that order which after, wards borrowed its name from the Garter. V. God- win's Life of Chaucer, 1. 213. 214. If Hardyng were worthy of the least credit, we would be under the necessity of assigning a very dif- ferent reason for these designations. But it would appear that, as this writer during his travels through Scotland, found the name of Arthur attached to dif- ferent places, he was determined to assign him a com- plete sovereignty over this kingdom. He according, ly gives a very particular account of the perambula- tions of this prince; and sets up his Round Table in many parts of the country where there is not a ves- tige of his name. This, doubtless, was one of the poweiful arguments by which he meant to prove that Scotland was merely a lief of the crown of England. He hclde his housholde, and the rounde table Some tyme at Edenburgh, some fymc at Striue- liue. Of kings renomed, and most honourable; At Carleilc somcwhile, at Alclud his citee fine, Among all his knightes, and ladies full fema- nine : And in Scotlande at Perth and Dumbrjjtain, At Dunbar, Bumf rise and Sainct Jhon' v toicnc ; All of worthy knightes, mo than a legion; 4G2 II () 1 At Doiiidoiirv also iii.lMiirith r(sion ; And ill mail) other places, both citcc and (ownc. Clirnji. Fol. 65. a. This zcalons abettor of nsarpation docs not a|). pear very well versed in the to|)ograph)- of tlie couii- try he wished lo subjugate to the E. crown, as he distiiiiiuislies Jkltid from Dumbrytaht, and Perth from Sdinct Jhon's tuic/ir. In addition to what has been said concerning Ar- thur, it may be mentioned, that there are two places in tlie North of S. which contend for the honour of re- taining (hiuiinor, the wife of Arthur, as a prisoner. 'I'hesc are Barrie, a lillle to the N. K. of Alyth, whore the remains of a vilritied fori are still seen ; and Diinbarrow in Angus, between Forfar and Ar- Iiroath, where are tlic vestiges of an old forlilication. 'I'lu- vulgar, ill the vicinity of both places, resting on ancient tradition, se\erally give the palm to each of these places. The foruier, indeed, seems to have tho ]ireferable claim, as far as there can be any perfer- euce in such a legendary tale ; as they still pretend to shew her grave in the church-yard of Meigic, which is at no great distance from Barrie. Her name is corr. pronounced Queen fl ancrx; Mv\d the accounts given of her incontinence tally perfectly well with HJiat is related in old Ballads and llo- niances. As Arthur was so mucii celebrated in S. when Dp. Douglas wrote, and even before his time, it may be supposed that he so far complied with the humour of the age as (o give him a place in the heavens. On the ground of Arlbiir's celebrity, he might judge that the British hero had as good a claim to this distinc- liou, as Cesar liaii to the celestial honour of the Jii. liiiin Sidiis; especially as the name jirclunis was pri. or to the other. It may indeed be supposed, that, in this country, some of the monks, who were versant in the fables of tleotfry of .Monmouth, liad reiulered the Lat. name of the constellation Jitlinr's hoif, out of com- pliment to (he nieiuory of Arthur; and that when the designation came to be usetl among the vulgar, they finding that a place, celebrated in the history of their country, was called Jiiliti\' hu/f, had at (irst conjoined the term liu/'f with that of Ailhur. It may seem to favour this conjecture, that Douglas uses this as if it were a name equally well known with that of Cliarh\i-a/i!C, or the E/;ciiiul; as it oc. curs in dillVreut p;irls of his tiaiislaliou, in connexion with other designations generally received. V. Ar. Ilii!i-f< lliife, and Virgil, 2M. "b. 9. But the prin- cipal objection to (his idea is, that it is not easily conceivable how the eonstcllatioii should be viewed as a hd/f, hall or temple, without an allusion to the building lo which ,\rthur's name was latterly given. Whether, therefore, it be suj)posed that the name Jithui-'s hoif A.XS inij)osed by Kdw. [., or borrow- ed by the natives of our own country from books of chivalry; it seems most natural to think that it was primarily apjilied to this llo^nan structure, and after, wards poetically transferred to the heavens. The desi^Miation, .-L/hnr's O.iii, does not occur in any of our old writings. Hence, it is most probable th.it it was gradually sub>ti(uled, in the mouths of (he vul- gar, for the former desiijnation ; either from the si- ll O L milarlty of sound, or from the resemblance of the building itself to an oven, as being of a circular form, or partly from bo(h; especially as the term Ao/fhad itself been gradually going into desuetude, it being now no longer used in its original and proper use. 2. A burial-place. The principal place of inter- ment at Dundee is called the houff. Isl. Af/fnot only signifies /«;»(;«, dclubrum, but atrium; G. Andr. This sense is retained in Germ., and evidently seems to be merely a secondary use of the term as origiually denoting a hall or temple. Wachter renders Ao/area, locus ante domum, palati- um, teniplum, aiubitn quodam cinctus: — impluvium, locus subdialis inter aedes; LirehhoJ\ area ante tem- plura, a church-yard. 3. A place which one frequents, a haunt, S. iS'ow sleekit frae the govvany field, Frae ilka fav'rite /lo;///" and bielil Fergus-soil'' s Poems, ii. 3C. " — The Globe Tavern here- — for these many years has been my Ao.v;^." Burns, IV^. 258. A'" 85. A. S. hnfc, Gcrin. hof. a house, L. B. hol>.a, hnv- a, hov-ia, villa, praedium. VVachler derives the term as used in this sense from \. S. hiiC-dii formarc, fabricare. But this etymon is very questionable. 4. It seems occasionally used to denote a place where one wishes to be concealed. Thus the haunt of thieves Is called their houff. The term is also applied to any place in which one finds shelter from pursuit, S. It may .admit this sense in the following passage. She grins [girns] an' glowrs sae dowr Frae Borean huuffxn angry show'r — Fcrgu (.son's Poems, ii. 33. A. S. hiifc is rendered not only domus, but spelun. ca, a i]cn : Soiiiner. HOISPEHOY, f. A game used in Banffshire, similar to Hide and Seek. The name is thought to be of Fr. extract ; from Oyez hear, and espi. er to spy ; q. Listen, I espy you. To HOIST, V. n. To cough. V. Host. To HOIT, HoYTE, V. n. To move in an ambling but crazy manner; to move with expedition, but stiffly and clumsily, S. The term is often used to denote the attempt made by a corpulent person to move quickly. Tho' now ye dow but hoyle and hoble, That day ye was a jinker noble, For heels an' win'. liurns, iii. 1 II. This is the very idea conveyed by Isl. haut-a: Salti- tare, cursitarc more detentae volucris ; G. Andr. p. lOS. HoiT, s. A hobbling motion. One to whom this motion is attributed, is said to be at the hoit^ S. B. HOLYN, HoLi. NE, s. The holly ; a tree, S. Ilex aquifolium, Linn. 'I'lie park thai tuk, Wallace a i)lace has spyn Oft" grct hotijns, that grew bathe heyeh and greyn. IVallace, xi. 37S. MS. I leive the maistcr of Sanct Anthane, 4 ir o L William Gray, sine gratia, — , Qui nunquum fabricat mcndacia, But qnhcn the holcne tree growis grene. Dunbar, liannutt/ne Poems, p. 37. st. 8. Tliis ProT. is still retained. "lie never lies, but when the Ao//c« is green ;" i. e. " he lies at all times." Kelly, p. 174. A. S. Itoiegii, holcn, id. Skinner deduces it from A. S. /lol all, and ccge point, q. all-pointed, because of its prickles. To HOLK, HouK, Hovvk, v. a. i. To dig, to make hollow, S. pron. hoivk, \ ounder vthir sum the new heuin holkis. And here also anc other end fast by Layis the fonndament of the theatry. Doug. I'irgtl, 26. 21. — Geordie Girdwood, mony a Ian;; spun day, lloulcit for gentlest bancs the iiuinblcst clay. Fergu':sou's Poems, ii. 8 J. 2. Metaph., applied to the heart. " Thairfoir this heavenlie light, whcrby we ar made heires of heaven, and the children of God, is I)urchased be the word & Spirit of God conjunctlic ; by the worde striking & pearcing (he eare outward- lie, and the Spirit ho:cking the heart inwardlie." Bruce's Eleven Serm. 1591. Sign. R. 6. b. This is merely Su.G. hol/c-a cavarc, from hoi ca- Tns. Ihrc seems to think that this is (he origin of Su.G. holL-, E. hulk, the body of a ship ; and that the term was originally applied to the trunk of a tree /io//o;c;ef/ out ; for such, he says, were the first Tessels of (he Scythians. The term hnlk is also us. cd in general as to any piece of w ood that is excava. fed. HOLKIS, s. pi. A disease of the eye ; the same with hevck., S. B. Qnhat wenys thou, frc3'nd, thy craw be vvorthin quhite, Suppois the holkis be all oner growin thi face? Doug, f'irgil, GO. 35. Sibb. refers to Teut. hol-ooglic, coelophthalmus. ]5ut this simid}- signifies, hollow-eyed, like Sw. hol- ocgil ; without denoting any disease. V. Heuck. To HOLL, ■:•. a. To dig, to excavate, S. A. S. hol-iaii. Franc. hol~on. Germ, hol-eii, id. Hoi.i., Howe, «^'. l. Hollow, deep ; hoiv,S. Skars sayd he thus, quhcn of the holl graif law Anc great eddir slidand can furth thraw. Doug. I'irgil, 130. 14. Ane terribill sewch, birnand in liammis rcid, Abhominabill, ami Iio-lC as hell to see — 1 saw Palicc of Honour, iii. 4. — Hoio cavernis or furn^s of Ethna round ' Runimvsit and lowit. Doug. Virgil, 91. 10. 2, Concave. — As quiien the birnand sonnys hemes bricht The wattory cloud peirsand with his licht, Schynand on fer, forgane the skycs hnii:e Schapis the figure of the quent rane bow. Doug. Virgil, 265. 38. Isl. hol-r, concavus. 3. Giving a hollow sound, S. H O L It 6pak right hoicc. . Burns, iii. 43. This is not a corr. of E. holloic, but the same with A. S. Germ. Belg. hoi, Isl. hol-ur, cavus. Some have suijposed that there is an affinity between the'se and Gr. xoiA-ej, cavus. Holl, s. The hold of a ship. Bathe schip maistir, and the ster man also, In the holl, but baid, he gert thaim go. IVutlace, ix. 122. MS. Out of the holl thai tuk skyunys gud spcid. Ibid. X. 836. MS. Not from the v. hold, tenere, as Johns, seems to derive it, but from hoi, cavus. (Sw. hulikepet, the hold of a ship ; Seren.) That this is the origin, ap- pears farther from its being sometimes written lloi:, q. v. HOLME, HovvM, s. The level low ground on the banks of a river or stream, S. hoam, S. B. Thare wylde in wodc has welth at wylle; Thare hyrdys hydys holme and hille. IVipitoicn, Cron. i. 13. 16. Holme and hill, or holme and liijcht, seem to have been phrases in common use; as we now say, hill and dale. In Scotland he send h^-s Tresorere, — To sek bath holme and hj/cht, Thai men to get, gyve that thai niycht. IVyntOKn, viii. 16. 85. " Between the edge of the river Clyde, and the rising ground, or banks on each side of that river, there are genorally vallc) 3, or Iwlms, (as they are here called) of dilVerent breadths." P. Dalserf, Lanarks. Statist. Ace. ii. 371. Keep halyday on ilka howm. Ramc^'s Poems, i. 102. Su.G. holme, which primarily has the same sense wit I* the E. word, is used also to denote an area separatbd by hedges from the surrounding soil, from its insu- lated form. Hence, the Isl. name for a duel or single combat was hoolmgaiiga, Su.G. hobngang, because the parties fought on a piece of ground inclosed on all sides with stakes, that a coward might have no opportunity of flying : and the [jhrase, Ganga a holm vid annan, duello cum aliquo coiigredi. But it is questionable, whether the S. term be not radically dilVerent ; as Isl. Iiicam-r signifies a little valley, a low place between two hills; couvallicula, sen semivallis; Vcrel. G. Aiidr. while hoolm-r is rendered insula parva.' HOLT, s. A wood ; as in E. HOLT, s. 1. High ground, that which is at the same time hilly and barren. It seems to be used by Doug, as synoii. with Mrst. On tliir wild hollis hars also In faynt pastoure dois thare beistis go. Doug, i'irgil. 373. 17. V. HiilsT. Makync went hame biylh anewchc Altoure (lie hollis hair. liannatipic Poems, 102. sf. 16. Ritson quotes the following passage from Turbi-r- y\\\e'i Songs and Sonnets, 1567, in which it is evi- dently used ui (he same sense. Yec tliakfrequcnt the hille s ; II N Anil highest holies of ;ill. Gl. E. M. Rom. Kudcl. ilcriNCS it from Fr. Iiault, haul, Lat. all-u^, high, liul it is ceilaiiilv tiie sair.c with Isl. hollf, whicli bigiiifics a rough ami barrt-n phirc, salibra, Vcrcl. Gl.irctum, terra aspora I't sUtiIIs, glfba inu- tilis; G. Audr. V. IIaiu, '2. 2. '* Ho/t or Hout is now diminished to a very small hay cock, or a small quantity of manure before it is spread." P. Huttoii and Corrie, Dumfr. Statist. Ace. xiii. 568. V. HuT, j. 2. HOMELTY-JOMELTY, aJJ. Clumsy and con- fused in manner. Then ram in (he iiiaistcr Alraaser, Aiic homullij-jomcltij jiililcr, Lyk a stirk stackarand in the ry. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 04. Perhaps from Whummit, q. v. and V^. jumble. Jiijler, for shuffler, one who danced with a shuftliug motion. This word, in its foniiation, nearly resem- bles Sw. hummel och tummel, topsy-turvy. HOMYLL, adj. Having no horns ; S. hu?nmil, hummilt., synon. doddit., cozeit. " Quheii vnrouth ky fechtis amang thaym self, gif ane of thaym ha|)peuis to be slane, and vncertane qiiliat kow maid tiie slaiichicr, the kow that is Ao- mijll sail beir the wyte, and the awnar thairof sal re. compcus the daniniage of the kow that is slane to his nychtboure." Bellend. Cron. B. x. c. 12. Incor. -nutu, Bocth. This certainly proceeds on the supposition, that the animal slain exhibits no marks of having been gored. It is perhaps the same term that is applied to grain. V. IIUJIMIL, i). This might at first »Iew seem merely a corr. of E. humble. But it certainly has no affinity. ] t appears to be originally the same witlt Su.G. haml-u, a term used to denote mutilation of any kind. Ihre says that it properly signifies to hamstring. A. S. hamel. an, id. But jjerhaps this assertion is founded on the idea of its being a dcriv. from ham sufi'rago ; although he afterwards refers to ham maiicus, which seems the true origin. From ham the Germans in like manner form hummelii castrare. Is!, hamla, in legibus pas. sim est membri alicujus laesione vcl mutilatione ali- uni impedire, quo minus facultatem habeat quod velit clliciendi ; Vcrel. Ind. Hamla ad handam cdu fulum, manibus pedibusvc truncare; Ibid. Uiimlad-ur, manibus pedibiisque truncatus ; Olai \a-\. Iltin. To HOMOLOGATE, v. a. To give an indirect approbation of any thing, S. " They said, to accuse a minister before a Bishop, was an acknowledging his jurisdiction over his clergy, or, to use a hard word much in use among them, it was homologating his power." Burnet's own Times, I. 363. HONE, s. Delay. Forowtyn hone and but hone, are used adv. as signifying, without delay. With thai v\ordis, for owryn hone. He tite i;ie bow oui oil his hand ; For the tratouris wer nor cummand. Barbour, v. 602. MS. V. Hoo. H O Drifu thir chiftanys of this land but hone. Doug. Virgil, 222. 9. Uudd. thinks that hone is put for ho, melri causa. But this conjecture is not well founded. For Hol- land uses the former, where the rhyme is not con- cerned. The Paip commandit, but hone, to wryt in all landis. Houlute, i. 11. MS. It is also written llune, q. v. This seems formed froirUhe v. Hove, How, q. r. By a strange mistakt' Ritson renders this shame, as allied to Fr. honte or honi, in the celebrated phrase Hvni soit, &c. referring to the following passage. This honowr sal noght he myne, Bot sertes it aw wele at be thine; 1 gif it the her, zcithoioten hone, And granfes that I am undone. Vzcaine and Gaicin, E. M. Rom. i. 154. * HONEST, adj. Hoiiourable, becoming. Oure lord the Kiiigis eldest sone, Suete, and wertuoiis, yong and fair, — Honest, habil, and avciiand, — Yauld his saule til his Creatoure. Wi/ntuien, ix. 23. 15. V. Clauchan. Hence, as i\lr Macpherson observes, S. •' honest- like, decent, respectable ; and thief-like, ugly, un. seemly." Honest-like is indeed applied, 1. To the appearance of a man, as denoting that he looks well, both in face and person, that he is neither hard- visaged nor puny. 2. To the appearance, as re. specting dress. One is said to look very honest-likef when dressed in a decent and proper manrter. 3. To what has the appearance of liberality, as opposed to what indicates parsimony. An honest-like bit is such a portion of any kind of food as implies the good will of the giver. It also often includes the idea of plenty. Every thing in the house was honest- like, i. e. There was no appearance either of pover- ty, or of parsimony. V. the s. Honesty, s. l. Respectability, honour. He sawfyd ill kyngis honeste, Swa to sclaudyrc a kynryk fre. Wjjntown, viii. 3. 141. " Beggarly pride is devil's honesty, and blusheth to be in Christ's common." Rutherford's Lett. P. 1. ep. 50. 2. Kindness, liberality, S. It is commonly said by one who has received a favour or gift from another ; /'// hide nae marl's honesty. " Why should I smother my husband's honesty, or sin against his love, or be a niggard in giving out to others what I get for nothing?" Rutherford's Lett. P. I. ep. 8G. 3. Decency, what becomes one's station, S. Honesty is no pride, S. Prov. " spoken to them that go too careless in their dress; intimating, that it is no sign of pride to go decently." Kelly, p, 148. Lat. honesius signifies both kind, and decent ; Fr. honnestc, honnite, gentle, courteous; seemly, hand- some. HOO, s. Delay, stop. Sclio tuk him wp with owtyn wordis :iio,— Atour the wattir led him with gret woo. HOP Till hyr awn houss with outyn ony hoo. IVattace, 11. 264. MS. V. Hove, How, v. Hoo is iisL'i) ill the st-nse of truce, Berner's Froys- sart, II. 153. " There is no hoo between them as longe as spcares, swords, axes, or daggers will en- dure, but lay on eche upon other." V. Scott's Lay of the Last Minstrel, Note, p. 304. HOO, s. Cap. V. How. HOODED CROW, the Pewit Gull, Orkn. "• The Pewii Gull (Luna ridihundus, Lin. Syst.) here called the hooded croic, is frequently seen in Spring, and sometimes iu Summer." Barry's Ork- ney, I). 303. It has evidently received this name from its black head. Hence it is also called Black cup, E. To HOOL, V. a. To conceal, S. B. I wadna care, but ye maun hoot frae a', Whate'er 1 tell you non- atwish us twa. Shirrefs'' Poems, p. 140. This 13 radically the same with Heild, Ileal, q. v. But it more nearly resembles Su.G. hucl-ja, volare, operire; MoesG. hul-jan, id. Alom. hid.eii. Germ. hull-en, tfgere. Isl. hcl-a has in the iniperf. hitlde, part. pa. hiilen tectus. Hence hull, the husk or covering of any seed. HOOLIE, adj. Slow; also, slowly, softly. V. HULY. To HOP, Hap, v. n. To dance. Hop is used in this sense, according to the account Mliich Walsingham gives of what Wallace saiil to iiis troops, when he had drawn them up in order of battle. " Dicens eis palria lingua. I haif hrocht ijou to the hins:^ hop gij you can." Lord Hailes, wilh groat probability, renders King, ring, adding; " The ring means the dance a la romJe." Doug., he observes, uses hap as siguityiiig to dance. It is, however, written huj), according to Rudd. edit. Sync younder mare was schappin in ane feild The dansand jircistis, clepit .Salii, Ilofpand dnd singand wounder merely. nrgil, 267. 21 . V. Annals Scot. L 259. Tout, hopp.en salire, saltare, Su.G. hopp-a, sal- tifare. HOP, Hope, s. A sloping hollow between two hills, or the hollow that forms two ridges on one hill. The highest part of tliis is called the hope-head. Loth. Tweedd. Dumfr. Glack, slack, synon. — Fresche Flora hir floury mantill spreid, III euery waill, bath /ioj), hycht, hill, and meide. n'allace, ix. 25. MS. He has guided them o'er moss and muir. O'er hill and hope, and iiiouy a down. Minstrchti Border, i. 188. Hope occurs in the names of many places in the South of S. Johns, mentions hope as used by Ainsworth ; ren- dering it, " any sloping plain between the ridges of mountains." But he gives no hint as to the etj nion. If ive can have any confidence in Bullet, hopi was used in this sense in the language of the ancient Gauls : Petite vallee entre des montagnes. HOPE, s. A small bay. H O R — Of fors, as wynd thame movyd. Come in the Fyrtli thame behowyd, . And in Saynt Margretis Hope be-Iyve Of propyre nede than til arryve. - l^Vjjntoun, vi. 20. 109. It seems to be used in a similar sense, Orku. '' To the north is St Margaret's Hope, a very safe harbour for ships.— Here are several good harbours, as K,rk-Ao;je, ]^orth.hope, Orchope, aud others." Wallace's Orkney, p. 8. U). Mr Macpherson observes, that Isl. hop signifies a large pond, or small sea. Hoop, stagnum maius, mare minus ; G. Andr. HORIE GOOSE, the brent goose. Anas berni- cla, Linn. Orkney; sometimes proa., and also written, horra. " The birds of passage are pretty numerous. Among these the swans, the horie geese, or as they are called in England tJie brant geese, whicii take their departure from Orkney in the spring for the north, to obey the dictates of nature, &c. are the principal." P. Kirkwall, Statist. Ace. vii. 547. " Ou the sand and shores of Deerness are seen myriads of plovers, curlews, sea-larks, sea-pits, and a large grey bird with a horse cry, called by the in- habitants Horra Goose." P. St Andrew's, Orku. Statist. Ace. sx. 263. There is some similarity between the name of this bird and that of the velvet duck, in Norw. Haf. orre, Pcnn. Zool. p. 583. The shieldrake in Norw. is itr-gaas. But we are informed, that " they are called in Shetland, Horra geese, from being found iu that sound;" Encycl. Britann. vo. Anas, N" 15. HORN, J-. A vessel for holding liquor; fioura- lively used for its contents. Tai nff your horn, S. i. e. take your drink. Then left about the bumper whirl, And toom the horn. Ramsay s Poems, ii. 349. Isl. horn, poculum ; hornungr, potus; L. B. cor. nil, vas quo bibitiir; also, viuum cornu contenfuiu. Among the ancient Norwegians a King or Earl served himself heir to his father, by a remarkable ce- remony, illustrative of the phrase mentioned above. Sturk'soti, speaking of the ninth century, savs : " At this time it was the received custom, that when the funeral feast of a King or Earl was celebrated, [^Paren/al/a, Lat.] he who prcjjarei? the feast, and who was to succeed to the inheritance, seated him- self on the lowest steps of an exalted throne, until tlie cup called Braga-beger was brought in. Then, rising to receive this, and having taken a vow, he emptied tlie cup. 'I'liis being done, he was to ascend the tlirone wliicli his falhor had filled, and tlnis be- conic possessor of tlio « lio'o inheritance." " In this very manner," lie adds, '■'■ were things transacted on this occasion. For 'he cup being brought in, Ingi- aid the king, rising up, grasped in his hand, cinu djjr.horni miklu, a large or ineikle horn of a wild ox, which was reached to liiin ; and having made a solemn vow, that he would eilher increase his jiatcr- nal dominions at least one lialf, by new acquisitions, or die, if he failed in the attempt, he. dracl; af sithun ir o R (if honiino, then emptied the liorn." Ilcimskr. Yneliiisa S. c. 40. Wl' learn from Pliny, that the ancient JNorthcrn nations preferred the horns of the Uius or vvil(l ox, for this purpose. Urorum cornibiis Uarbari Septenlrionales, urnasque binas capitis iinins corniia iinplent. Hist. Lib. ii. c. 37. This is admitted by A'orlhcrn writers. V. 01. Worm. Aur. Cornii, p. 37. Saxo Gramnialieus asserts the same thing con- cerning the aiuient iiiliabilants of Britain. The Saxons used drinking vessels of the same kind, V. Du Cangc, iibi sup. That the custom of drinking out of the horns of . animals prevailed among the early Greeks, appears from a variety of evidence. V. Potter's Antiq. ii. 390. Rosin. Antiq. p. 378. V. Bickeii and Skul. Horn, s. An excrescence on the foot, a corn, S. B. Sh-. liLlhorn, id. q. a body-horn, from lUc the body, and/(or;j,- lilctkorncr, a, cora-cuttcr. Horn, s. To put to the horn, to denounce as a ;„ readiness for^this part of his work, he is obliged, H O R sudficicnt audiorily, that the term /(hc properly de- noted the sound of a horn. Hue vero videtur esse clamor cum coniii; vo. Hiiesium. That this mode of raising the hue was not confin- ed to S., appears from the phrase used by Knygh- ton, A. 132(5. Omncs qui poterant cornii sitlflarc, vel vocem Hutcsii emittere, k.c. Du Cange also gives the phrase. Cum cornii clamorem levare; and quotes a passage from a charter dated A. 1262, in which the person, in whoso favour it is made, is freed ab — Cornii, crito, &c. adding, that crito is equivalent to clamor, from Fr. r.ri. V. vo. Cor~ ■niu 2. Our mode of denunciation is mentioned so early as the rei!;n of William the Lion. " And gif he vnjustlie withdrawis him from the attachnunt : the officers sail raise the kings horn vpon hlni, for that deforcement, vntill the king's castell." Stat. Will. c. 4. § 2. Debet levare coma super ilium, Lat. That the king''s Mairc or Serjand may be always rebel ; to outlaw a person for not appearing in the court to which he is summoned ; a forensic phrase, much used in our courts, S. " Incontinent Makbcth entrit & slew Mak- ilulVis wyfe A: hir barnis, with all other personis that he (and in it, syne confiscat Makdulhs guddis, k put him /o /he horn."" Bellcnd. Cron. B. xii. c. (i. Reipnblicac deelaravit hostem, Bocth. The phrase originates from the manner in which a person is denounced an outlaw. A king's messen. ger, legally empowered for this purpose, after other formalities, must give three blasts with a horn, by which the person is understood to be proclaimed re- bel to the king, for contempt of his authority, and Ws moveables to be escheated to the King's use. V. Erskine's Instit. B. ii. Tit. 5. Sect. 5.5, 56. It appears that horns were used for trumpets, be- fore those of metal were known. Properlius in- forms us, that the ancient llomans were summoned to their assemblies, by the sounding of the cornet or /»y);i. Bucciua cogebat priscos ad verba (iuirites. In the same manner was tlie ;ilarin sounded. Clas- sicum appellatur, quod Buccinatores per cornu di- cunt. Veget. Lil). ii. c. 22. Jam nunc niinaci murmure cornuum Perstriiigis aures, jam litui sonant. Ilor. Carm. Lib. ii. 0. 1. The Israelites blew horns or cornets at their new moons, and at otlicr solemnities; Num. x. 10. Psa. xcviii. 6. Horns were used as trumpets by the an- cient Northern nations ; as Wormius shews, Aur. (';)rnu, p. 27. The form used, in denmincing rebels, was most probably introduced into S. from the ancient mode of raising the hue and ct\y. In this manner, at least, was the hue anciently raised. " Gif ane man lindes ane tlieif with the fang, do- and him skaith ; incontinent he sonid raise the blast of ane home vpon liiiu ; and gif he lies not ane hurnc, he soulil raise the shout with his mouth ; and ciy Idwdly that his neighbours may heaie." Ileg. Maj. B. iv. c. 23. i 2. iJu Cangc supposes, but, it would secra without under pain of being fined severely, still to carry his hor?i with him when he goes into the country; and the Barouiie Serjand, when he enters into the Ba- rony. V. Acts Ja. I. 142G. c. 99. Horning, j. Or, Letter of Horning, a letter issued from his Majesty's Signet, and directed to a Messenger, who is required to charge a debtor to pay the debt for which he is prose- cuted, or perform the obligation within a li- mited time, under the pain of rebellion, S. " The Lords of Council and Session ordainc the relict and representatives of the said John llnmsay, to give up and delivi^r to the said George Robertson, all the registers of linrnhis;^ and inhibitions, which were in her husband's possession the time of his decease." Act Sedei'. 4 March 1072. If the debtor disobey the charge, the Messenger publishes the letters at the market-cross of the head borough of the shire where the debtor dwells, or of a regality or stewartry, if he resides in a sepa- rate jurisdiction. There the messenger must, before witnesses, first make three several Oijcsses with an audible voice. Next, he must read the letters, also with an aiidible voice; and afterwards blow with his horn, as mentioned, vo. Horn, 3. V. Ersk. Instit. ubi sup. HoRNE, s. A name given, by our ancestors, to one of the constellations : but to which of them is uncertain, as there is no corresponding term in Virg. Of cnery sterne the twynkling notis he. That in the stil henin mone roiirs wo so, Arthurys hiife, and llyades betaiknyng rane. Sync Watling strete, the Home and the Charle wane. Doug, f'irgil, 85. 43. V. also 239, b. 3. Horn-daft, ai^J. Outrageous, quite inad ; per- haps in allusion to an animal that is raised to fury, and pushes with the horn, S. B. HORIIA GOOSE. V. Horie. HORRING, s. Abhorrence. H O S " I am now passand to my fascheous pnrpois. Ye gar me dissemble sa far that I haif horring thairat ; and ye caus mc do alroaist the office of a traitores." Lett. Buchan. Det. Q. Mary. G. 8. a. b. Lat. horr-eo. HORSE, s. A faucet, a wooden instrument for drawing ofF liquors, S. B. HORSE-toUPER, s. A horse-dealer, one who buys and sells horses, S. Some turn'd horse-coopers, some pedlcrs. Colvil's Mode Poem, p. 37. Instead of this, Ihre by mistake uses the term honccoser, Gloss, to. Kijia, V. Coupek, and Coi'P, 1. HORSE-GANG, s. " As the farms are very small, it is common for four people to keep a plough between thetn, each furnishing a horse, and this is called a hone gang." Pennant's Tour in S. 1769, p. 105. As this is ill fact the description of a plough gan'r or plough-gate, 1 apprehend that a horse-gang ra- ther denotes the fourth of this, or the possession of one of the four persons referred to. HORSEGOUK, f. The name given, in the Shet- land Islands, to the Green Sand-piper, Tringa ochropus^ Linn. ~ ' ' hrossa-gaukr, Norw. roes Pennant's Zool. 468. q. Dan. horse s'oeg, Isl 183. jouke, Urunnich, the horse-atckoie. HOUSE-KNOT, s. " Common Black. Knap- weed, Ang. ; Centaurea nigra, S. The Horse- Knot, Scotis Austr." Lightfoot, p. 493. HORSE-MUSCLE, s. The pearl oyster, found in rivers, S. " In deep itill pools arc found a large bivalvular shell-fish, known here by the name of the horse- muscle. Thi-y are not used as foud, but in some of them are found small pearls." P. Hamilton, La. narks. Statits. Ace. ii. 179. " The rivers in this parish produce also a number of horse or pearl mussels. — There is now in the cus. tody of the Hon. Mrs Diummond of Perth, a pearl necklace, which has been in the possession of the ladies of that noble family for several generations, the pearls of which were found here in the Tay, and for size and shape, are not to be equalled by any of the kind in Britain." P. Cargill, Perths. Statist. Ace. xiii. 532. HOSE-FISH, .f. The Cuttle-fish, S. Sepia Lo- ligo, Linn. 0-Jish, Loth. Loligo Nostratibus, (a theca, in quam se reci- pit) Hose-fifh dicitur. Sibb. Scot. p. 26. 0-Jtsh seems merely q. Hoe-fish ; the singular of hose being often used, S. HOSE-NET, s. 1. A small net, affixed to a pole, resembling a stocking, used in rivulets, S. 2. The term is also used metaph., S. " Sa bee your awin words, yec haue drawne your sclfts in a hose-net, & crucified your messe." Bruct's Scrm. on the Sacr. M. 4, b, V. Kerry- WATER. To HOST, Hoist, v. n. Bor. 1. To cough, S. A. H O S Ilis ene wes how, his voce wes hers hostand. Henrysone, Bannatyne Poems, p. 131. He's always complecnin fiae morning to e'enin, He hosts and he hirples the weary day lang. Ritson's S. Sotigs, ii. 250. 2. Metaph. and actively, to belcli up, to bring forth, applied to the effusions of grief or dis- pleasure. -The Latino pepill hale on raw Ane felloun murnyng maid and woful bere, And gan cleiiode and hoiidt out ful clere Dope from thare breistis the hard sorowis smert. Doug. Virgil, 453. 28. Host up, is said sarcastically in this sense to a child who is crying, and who from anger brings on a fit of coughing, S. 3. To hem, S. A.S. haeost-an, Su.G. host-a, Is], hoost-a, Belg. hoest-cn, id. G. Andr. observes, that Isl. hoost denotes the breast towards the lungs; referring to Gr. os-«, vox data; Lex. p. 120. But he derives hoost from hues subraucus, hoarse, p. 103. Host, Hoast, Hoist, s^ i. A cough, a single act of coughing, S. A. Bor. And with that wourd he gave ane hoist anoae. The gudman heird and speirit, " Quha is yon ?" Dunbar, Muitland Poems, p. 75. 2. A settled cough, S. Heidwerk, Hoist, and Perlasy, maid grit pay. King Hurt, ii. 57. " From the thirteenth of November, — he [J. Knox,] became so feeble with a hoast, that he could not continue his ordinar task of reading the Scriptures, which he had every day." Calder- wood's Hist. p. 60. 3. A hem, a vulgar mode of calling upon one to stop, S. 4. Used metaph. to express a thing that is attend- ed with no difficulty ; or which either in itself, or in one's apprehension, requires no considera- tion. It did na cost him a host, he made no he- sitation abont it, S. " He that can swallow a camel in the matters of God without an hoast ; will straine a gnat in the circumstances of his own aifaircs, as though they were all substance. Course of Conformitie, p. 117. But, or leithuut a host, id. Accordingly the lads were wiled and sent, The taiken shewn, that but a host was kent ; And all the beasts in course of time camehame. Ross's Helenore, p. 124. A. S. hzecost, Isl. hoost, Su.G. host-a, Belg. hoesi. Germ, huste. HOST A, interj. Used as an expression of sur- prise, and perhaps of some degree of hesita- tion, Ang. Husto, husta, Aberd. expl. " See here, see to it," Shirr. Gl. p. 20. — And bcily-llaught, o'er the bed lap she, And claught Ilab wi' might and wi' main j " Hech ! hufto!" quo' Ilabbie, '■ I chaps ye; " I thought whare your tantrums wad ea'." Jamteson's Popul. Bull. i. 299. 4 H II O V ■■■ (Uuvc^ thou) There: take (liat l"' Gl. This is considered as a very old word, and inay perhaps be ciinivalent to hear I hear', a mode of ex- pressing eagcness of attention well known in our supreme eouncil; UaciG . haus-jan audire; hau.se,, audi, hi-ar, listen. Junius derives this v. from auso the ear. To HOSTAY, -J. a. To besiege, Wyntown. Fr. hostoi/.er, id., mentioned by Skinner, as ob- soletc, under Hostej/. He derives it from host, ex. ercitus. HOSTELER, Hostellar, s. An inn-keeper. The biyth hosteler bad thaim gud ayle and brfid. The hostellar son apon a hasty wyss, Hvnt fyr in hand, and fill a gret houss yeid. «V/«<.e,ix. 1411. 1145. MS. Upon complaint by liostillares to Ja. 1. a very singular law was made, prohibiting all travellers to lodge with their friends, and their friends to receive theui, within boroughs or thoroughfairs, under the penalty of forty shillings to the King : that thus they might be under the necessity of lodging in the inns. A. 14'25. c. 61. Kdit. 1566. c. 56. Murray. Fr. ho.. J . Nichol'.s I'oems, ii. lO'a. Perhaps a diniin. from I'eut. holt-en, coalescerc, concr-srere. This however, is especially used with respect to ciTdliug. HOU, J. .A.rooftree; Gl. Rams. V. How, j. 4. To HOUD, v. n. l. To wriggle; to move II o u from side to side, whether walking or sit- ting, S. 2. To move by succussation. Loth, synon. botch. lielg. hoiilt-en signifies to halt, andSw. laed-ja to wriggle. But it is doubtful if it has any affinity to either. V. Hoddiv. HoUD, s. The motion of the body from side to side ; the act of wriggling, S. B. V. the v. To HOVE, How, HuFE, Huff, v. n. To lodge, to remain. . Men, that rycht weill horsyt wer And armyt, a gret cumpany, Behind the bataillis priuely He gert ho-j:e, to bid thair cummyng. Barbour, xix. 345. MS. A round place wallit have 1 found, In myddis quhare ef'sone I have s|)ide Fortune, the goddesse, hiijing on the ground. King's Qiiair, v. 8. 2. To halt, to stay, to tarry ; in the same sense in which hover is now used. Eneas hovit stil the schot to byde, Hym schroudand vnder hys armour and his scheild. Doug. Hrgil, 427. 39. Eftir thay had al circulit in ane ring, — All reddy huffand thare cursouris for to tak, Epytides on fer ane sing can mak — Than ran thay samyn in paris with ane quhid- der. Doug. I'irgil, 146. 65. It is used in O. E. as signifying to remain. Morond, erl of Gloucestre, myd ys ost by syde. In ane valleye houede, the endyne vorto abydc, R. Glouc. p. 218. Gloss. " hoved, hovered, lay. Before Pilate and other people, in the place he houed. P. Ploughman, Fol. 98. a. This knight, which houed and abod Embuisshcd vpon horsbake, All sodenlychc vpon hym brake. Gotcer's Conf. Am. Fol. 44, a. This word, which conveys the general idea of re- maining or abiding, is probably from Germ, hof.en, domo et hospitio excipere; and may have been pri- marily used to denote residence in a house; from hof domus, or hufe, fundus rusticus. I scarcely think that hove is allied to Isl. hei/-a moror, commoror, tem])us fallo ; G. Andr. p. 108. To HOVE, V. n. 1. To swell, S. A. Bor. 2. To rise, to ascend. Some saidled a shee ape, all grathed into green, Some hobland on a hemp stalk, hovand to the hight. Poluart, fVatson's Coll. iii. p. 12. ^'IJove, swoln as cheeses;" Rural Eton. Glou- cest. Gl. " Mr J. Hog says, (hat the whole body is hoved and swelled like a loaf." — Prize Essays Highl. Soc. iii. 3t;8. Dan. hov-er, Sw. foerhoef-u, id. from haefzc-a, elevare. AU'in. hob-on. I«vare. HOVE. Arthuki's Hove. V. Hoir. HOUFF, s. A haunt. V. Hoif. H O U To HoUFF, -v. n. To take shelter; to go to some haunt ; often used merely to denote a short stay in a house. " Where did yon vae ?" '' 1 wathouff-'d,.S. V. HoiF. HOUFFIT, K. Hart, i. 22. V. Blonks. HOUGH, adj. This seems to signify, having a hollow sound, as being the same with hoxv. " Till- blaclv man's voict- was hough and goustie." Confoss. Scotch Witches, GlanTille's Sadduc. p. 303. On this GlauTJllc observes; " Several words I pro- fess I understand not, as for example concerning (he black man's voice, that it was hough and "-oustie. But if the voice of this black man be like^that of his who appeared to the Witches whom Mr Hunt examined, they may signify a big and loio voice. Ibid. p. 396. But as we still speak of one having a ho:;: voice, when it resembles the sound proceeding from an empty barrel, goustie is nearly synon. V. tiie word. HOUGH, aJj. (gutt.) Low, mean ; pron. hogb. Now when thou tells how I w.is bred But hough enough to a mean trade; To ballancc that, pray let them ken My saul to hig^hcr pilch cou'd sten. Ramsaj/'i- Poems, xi. 581. «' Very indiflerently," N. The phrase hough enough, is often used to denote that one is in a poor state of health, S. The sense in which it is used in the following pas- sage, is uncertain. li's said he call'd one oft a side, To ask of beatten buttons prices, Of silver work or strange divises : Tho' she be somewhat old and teugh, She's a Scots woman hough enough. ClelunWs Poems, p. 14. It may have been originally applied to the mind; Su.G. hog-u, to be anxious, from hog, animus: A. S. id. To HOUK, V. a. " Expl. to heap;" Gl. Sibb. HOUK, s. A hulk, a large ship. The nieikle hauk hym bare, was Triton callit. Dong. Virgil, 321. 55. Junius derives this from A. S. huk, tugurium, q. donuis seu casa marina. But hulc in Gl. Aelfr. is rendered libiirna, a light and swift ship, a galley. Alem. hulech, Su.G. hoik navis oneraria, Belg. bulcke, Ital. hulca, Ft. hulque, L. B. hulcum, hul- ca. The origin is probahly Su.G. holk-a to exca- vate, because the first vessels, known to barbarous nations, were mere canoes, dugout of trunks of trees. HOURIS, s. pi. 1. Matins, morning prayers. " In the tymc of King Malcolme was ane generall counsal haldyn at Clairmont, in the quhilk Urbane the secound of that name inslitut the hoiiris & matjjnis of the blissit virgyne Mary to be said dayly in hir louing." Bellend. Cron. B. xii. c. 12. 2. Metaph. applied to the chanting of birds. — Lusty May, that muddir is of Houris, Had maid (he birdis to begyn thair houris Ainang the tendir odouris reid and quhyt. Dunbar, Bannalijne Poems, p. 1. st. 1. This poet, making the same allusion, calls them Venus chapell-clarks, Ibid. p. 8. st. 3. H O W Fr. heu7-es, L. B. horae, a book of prayers an. propriated to certain hours in the morning. HOURS. Ten hours, ten o' clock. IV/jut hours, what o'clock, S. " That na lippcr folk,— enter na cum in a burgh of the realme, hot thryse in the -oulk,— fra ten houres to tna efter nunc." Acts Ja. I. 1407 G. 118. Edit. 136(i: c. 105. Murray. If he at Dover through them glance. He sees Khat hours it is in France. Colvil's Mock Poein, p. 32. Fr.qu'elle heure est it? what is it o'clock ? In S. they (ell what it is o' clock by using the s. pi. with the numeral preceding ; a Fr. idiom. Retire, while noisy ten-hours drum Gars a' your trades gae dandring hame. Fergusson\'i Poems, xi. 96. HOUSS, s. A castle, a fortified place. Off houssis part that is our heretage, Owt off this pees in playn I mak thaira knawin, Thaim for to wyn, sen that thai ar our awin ; Roxburrh, Berweik, at ouris lang tym has beyn, In to the handis of yon fals Sothronc keyn. Wallace, viii. 1509, MS. This seems the sense of houxs, Ibid. ix. 1748. MS. Gif that the Sotheroun wald Houss to persew, or turn to Lochmaban. This use of hus I have not met with in A. S. It occurs, however, in Su.G., as rendered by Ihre, castellum, arx. Alt han ej lati uthfoddun man hze- som aeller landom rudha ; Ne rex sinat exteros arces aut provincias in potestatc habere: Leg. Christoph. ap. Ihre, vo. Hus. He adds, that in the Dalic law Hunabyman signifies the Governor of a castle ; and that in the Alemanie laws, hus is often used in this sense; as in the following jjassage : Ob si fur ain- huse uarent ; Si castellum aliquod obsidean(; c. 250. HOW, adj. Hollow. V. HoLL. How, s. 1. Any hollow place, S. He taks the gate and travels, as he dow, Hamcwith, thro' mony a toilsome height and Jtow. Ross's Helenore, p. 44. 2. A plain, or tract of fiat ground, S. " It is — placed at the south extremity of an ex- tensive plain, generally known by the Hots, or hoi- low lands, of (he Mearus." P. Mary. kirk, Kincard. Statist. Ace. xviii. 609. 3. The hold of a ship. The hate fyre consumes fast the hoio, Ouer al the schip discendis the perrellus low. Doug. Virgil, 150. 41. Not hull, as Rudd. renders it. Our caruellis howis ladnis and prymys he. Ibid. 83. 46. V. Holl. 4. Dung in the howes, overturned ; metaph. " Thomas Goodwin, and his brethren, as their custom is to opi)ose all things that are good, car. ried it so, that all was dung in the hoices, and that matter clean laid by." Baillie's Lett. ii. 59. q. driven into the holloii's. Su.G. holl caverna. HOW, s. A mound, a tumulus, a knoll, Orkn. " Close by the above mentioned circle of stones, are several tumuli evidently artificial, some of them J If 2 II O M laisoil piTlfy liish, of a conical form, and some- what hollow on tlu- top. About half a mile from the semicircular raugc of stones, is another beautiful (umulus, considerably larger than the former, a- round which has been a large ditch. This last is distinijuished by the name oS Mesow, or Mese-huzc.'" " 111 this counlry, hutc is of the same import •ivilh knoll, or know, in ofhcr parts of Scotland, and is ai)plied to elevated hillocks, whether artifici- al or natural." P. l'"irth, Orkn. Statist. Ace. xit. 133. J[o:c is used in the very same sense, A. Bor. a round hillock, artilicial or natural; a tumulus;" Grose. IIozc is certainly no other than Isl. hang, Su.G. hoeg, the name given to those sepulchral mounds, which, in the time of heathenism, were erected in memory, and in honour, of the dead. Hence heigast signifies, to be interred according to the customs of heathenism ; and those who had not been initiated into a profession of the Christian faith, were called Iwcgemucn. Hence also, after the introduction of Christianity, it became customary to call an ancient village, i. e. one built during heathenism, liocgabj/r. A mound, from which the kings distributed justice to their subjects, was denominated Ti/igshoeg, i. e. the mound or tumulus of convention; such as those in the neighbourhood of Upsal, exactly correspond- ing to our Muotlnll of Scone. V. Ihre, to. Hoeg. In many places of Sweden tiicre are Tinglioegs, sur- rounded wilh stones set on end, at which the judge and jury of the Hundred used to meet. In Isl. the name luiiig-buar was given to the spirits of the dead, or speclres, supposed to inhabit these tumuli, from hiiiig and />ua to inhabit. The igiies fatui, sometimes seen about the mansions of the dead, were also called haiig-cUlcir, i. e. the fires of the tumulus. Veiil. Ind. J.)r Barry, I find, forms the same idea with respect to tlu; proper meaning of the term. " He was buried in Ronaldsay, under a tumulus ; which was then known by the name of Ihingagcr- ■ diiim ; and is perhaps the same with what we now call the lloic of Hoogsay ; Ihre, Jlocg, Cumulus." Hist, of Orkney, p. 113, 110. The learned Hire derives the word from hocg, higli ; and mentions O. E. ho, ho:c, L. B. hogu, as synon. Spclman, vo. Hogd, observes that ho, horc, signifies mons, coliis. But from the examples which lie gives, it seems doubtful if this be radically the Same with the Northern terms. It must at any rate have been changed in its application. For it is used to (ienote a roc*'// hill, (jucndani — hoginn petrosum. It seems more allied to S. llciich, a ciag, q. v. For a further account of the u^ic of Isl. hung, V. Bayle- F YRE. HOW, J. 1. A coif, hood, or niiihfcap, Rudd. It is still used in the latter sense, S. B. pron. IJOO, 'i'o brck my hede, and syne put on a ho:;;, It in.iy wele ryme, bot it accordis nought. Bull. Edin. 13tJ8. I'iiik. S. P. R. iii. 124. To tlie same purpose is ihe S. Prov. " Break mv head, and draw on m^ Ikiu ;" Kelly, p. 01. C'huiic. hu:ccv. id. 'Jyrwh. derives it from Tent. -1 HOW huojd, caput. Note, v. 3909. But Rudd. properly refers to Belg. hit^ve, a coif, and hut/v.en, to cover the head. VVe may add Su.G. hiiftca, hicij, Dan. hue. Germ, haube, C. B. hipf, tegmen capitis mu. liebrc. The Fr. changing h into c, have made coifc, whence E. coif. Ihre supposes that MoesG. vaif, a fillet or headband, from vaib-an to bind, to sur- round, is the radical term. Mr Tooke derives the term from hof, the part. pa. of A.S. hcaj'-an, to heave or lift up. 2. A garland, a chaplet. Thare haris al war towkit vp on thare croun, That bayth with hozo and helme was thristit doun. Doug, yirgil, 140. 18. This seems the only sense iu which A.S. hujc oc- curs ; cidaris, tiara, Biscopcs huje, episcopi tiara, mitra. Tcut. hutj-je is also rendered, vitta. 3. Sely bow, also hnppy how, a membrane on the head, with which some children are born ; pron. hoo, S. B. "In Scotland the women call a halij or selij hozn (i. e. hol^j or fortunate cap or hood) a film or membrane stretched over the heads of children new- born, which is nothing else, but a part of that which covers the foetus in the womb ; and they give out that children so born will be very fortunate." iludd. This superstition has extended to E. where, it would seem, the use of this coif was more particu. larly known. " That natural couer wherewith some children are borne, and is called by our women the siUie hozc, JNIidwiues were wont to sell to Aduocates and Lawyers, as an especial meanes to funiisii them with eloquence and persuasive speech (Lamprid. in An- tonin. Diadum.) and to stoppe the mouthes of all, w ho should make any opposition against them : for whirh cause one Protus was accused by the Clergie of Constantinople to have olfcnded in this matter (Balsamon. Comment, ad Concil. Constantiiiop. in Trullo) ; and Chrysostome often accuseth mid- vviues for reserving the same to magical uses." Ro- berts' Treatise of Witchcraft, Lond. 1610. p. 66. Johns., mentioning the word as used by Brown, in his Vulgar Errors, rightly derives sillj/ from A. S. selig happy ; but hoze improjierly from heoft head. This superstition also prevails in Sweden. Hence this has received the name of segerhuficu, literally, the /iora or coif of victory; " because," says Ihre, " from the simplicity of former times, it was believed, that this membrane had in it something of a happy- omen, and especially that it portended viclurtj to those who were born with it;" vo. Seger. Here we observe tl^e characteristic spirit of the Goths. They had no idea of happiness paramount to that of success in war. In Dan. it is wjertkiurle, '' a hood or coif," Wollf ; literally, a skirt of victory. From the quotation given above, it is evident that lliis, like many oilier superstitions, originated in the darkness of heathenism. I.ampridius refers io this circumstanccas the reason of the name given to Anto- ninus the son of Macrinus; and mentions the suppo- sed ellicacy of t ins membrane wit lw/(/i'wc(//(;.t; although he had so uiuch good sense as to laugh at the idea. Solent deinde jnieri pilco insiguiri naturali quod ob- H O W stetrices raplunt, ct advocatis crcdulis vcnJunt, si- quideni causidici hoc juvari diciintur : ut isfe puer pileum non liabiiit, sed diadema, scd ita forte ut rumpi non potuerit, venis intercedentibus specie iier. vi sagittarii. Ferunt denique Dkidenuitum puerum appellatum, &c. Histor. August, p. 98. Casaubon, in his Notes on this passage, refers to a Fr. Prov. which shews that the same superstition had existed in that country. Diciinus enim de eo quem appellavit satyricus, gallinae albae filium, Na- liis est pileatus. Not. p. 141. II le ni tout coiffe ; " Born riche, honourable, fortunate; borne with his mother's kercher about his head ;" Cotgr. HOW, Hou, Hoo, s. A piece of weed, which joins the couple-wings together at the top, on which rests the roof-tree of a thatched house, S. — Unlockt the barn, clam up the mow, Where was an opening near the hou. Throw which he saw a glent of light. Rcimsai/^s Poems, ii. 523. Su.G. huf, summitas tecti. ^Icr Iieft bade liuii oc heller; si integrum fuit tam tectum quam fiindamen. turn. Westni. L. ap. Ihrc. This may be only an oblique sense of hufzsa, a coif or covering for the head; which Ihrc also writes /i«y, (operculum, teg. men), vo. Haell, p. 808. But I have given this dis. (inctly, as he distinguishes 7;;// from huj';ia. HOW, s. A hoe, an instrument for tearing up the surface of the ground, S. Fr. Ijoue, id. Pikkys, hoK-is, and v\ith staf slyng To ilk lord, and his bataill, VVes ordanyt, quhar he suld assail!. Barbour, xvii. 344. MS. HOW, Hoif, *r. 1. A term used to denote the sound made by the owl. Scho soiuidis so with mony hiss and hozs. And in his schcild can with hyr wyngis suiytc. Doug, yirgil, 444. 22. Isl. hoo, the voice of shepherds, driving their flocks ; or Fr. hu-cr, to hoot, to shout. 2. A sea cheer. — Thare feris cxhortyng with mony heys and hovj. Doug. Virgil, 71. 39. V. IIeys. <-Than ane of the niarj nalis begun to hail and to cry, and al the marynalis ausuert of that samyn hou, hou." Compl. S. p. G2. It seems to be the same cry which is still used by mariners in this country. To HOWD, V. a. To act the part of a midwife, to deliver a woman in labour, S. Isl. iod, childbirth, also ofispring, foetus, proles; iod soit, the pangs of chiklbirlh, iod^uk quinna, a woman in laboiir. Ihre has observed, that Su.G. iordgumma, a midwife, is properly iodgumma, from iod chiklbirlh, anil gumma woman ; as the vulgar in this country often express the name, houdij-icije. Alem. odau signifies pariendus. V. next word. Howdy, s. A midwife, S. A. Bor. When Mungo's mare stood still and swat ni' fright. When he brought east (he hoi^dtj under night; You, Lucky, gat (he wyte of a' fell out. Uamsafs Poems, ii. 98. II o w The Ir. and Gael, designation cuidigh, chuidigh, might seem allied to the Goth, terms mentioned un, der the r., were it not evidently formed from cvidigh. am to help, to assist. It is not improbable, Ihif'thc Goth, and Gael, terms have had a common founlaiii, as they scarcely ditfcr, except in the aspiration. Brand, with less judgment than he usually displays, when ridiculing those who derive Howdy from IIok do ye, views it as a diminutive from //oa, (the sely hov>) because of the sui)erstitiou of old women as to this natural coif. Popular Antiq. \>. 367. 368. N. To HOWDER, V. n. To move by succussation, S. to hatch, synon. Menyics o' moths an' flaes arc shook. An' in the floor they hoizder. Fergussoit's Poems, ii. 60. To HOWDER, ti. «. To hide, to conceal. Loth. Hoicder''d wi' hills a crystal burnie ran. Where twa young shepherds fand the good aulJ man. Ramsay'' s Poems, ii. 8. Hence, HoWDRAND, part. pa. OlTall great kindes [kindncs] may ye claim, The cruke backs, and the cripple, lame, Ay hoxsdrand faults with jour suplic ; Tailyiors and Soutars blest be ye. Dunbar, Evergreen, i. 255. st. 8. V. How dt-r, ;', Perhaps a deriv. from S. B. liode to hide ; or alii. ed to Teut. hoeder reccpfaculum, retinaculum ; ' Kilian. Wacliter views MoesG. helhio, a closet, Mat. vi. 6. as the origin of Germ, hut-en to hide. HOWE, hterj.. A call, S. and E. ho. To thaym he callis ; Stand, ying men, Howe! Doug. Virgil, 241. 10. Dan. hoi, hoo, Fr. ho. Lat. eho, id. HOWIE, Casti.e-hovvie, s. The name given, in Orkney, to such of the Picts' houses as still appear like large tumuli or hillocks. Tills is evidently a dimin. from How, a tumulus, q. V. HOWYN, part. pa. " Baptised," Gl. Wynt. Than at the fyrst of thai cas Tlic Kyug of Brettane hoicyn was; And all the barnage of his land Than baptyst wes, and welle trowand. IVtjntozcn, V. 8. 26. See also v. 46. HOWLLIS HALD, " a ruin ; an owl's habita- tion," Pink. Schir, lat it neir in (ownc be tald, That I sould be ane hozcllis hold. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 112. I see no other sense the phrase can bear. V. Hald. HOWPHYN, s. This seems to have been a term of endearment used by a mother towards her infant, equivalent to E. darling. — My new spaind hoi:phyn frac the souk, And all the biythnes of my bonk. — Evergreen, ii. 19. C. B. hoffdiju, a friend, one who is beloved ; from /((/dear, beloved, hnjji to love: lioyzc, beautiful, corresponding to the Fr. term of endearment, mig. II U D HOW SA, w.lv. Altliough. I5ol, Ao;c vrt quhoynt: deyt thar, ll.lnil)t foiilily thai war; Ami raid (hair gait, with wcill mar scharae Uc full fcr than thai como fra hamc. Harbour, xii. 83. MS. [Io::soever is used by Shakcsp. in the same sense. V. Johns. Diet., although I have not observed any similar phraseology in A. S. HOWTOWDY, s. A young hen, one that has never laid, S. This is evidently Fr. hestaiidcaii, hustaudeau, hutaudeau, " a great cock chick ; and sometimes any big or well-giovvn pullet;" Cotgr. HUBBILSCHOW, Hobbleshow, s. A hubbub, a tumult, a confused noise. It suggests the idea of a multitude running and crowding together in a tumultuous manner, (without necessarily- implying that there is any broil,) as, to see any object that excites curiosity ; huhhkshue^ S. Hiry, hary, hubbihchoic, Se yc not quha is cum now, Bot yit wait I uevir how, With the quhirle.wind ? A sargeand out of Soudoun land, A gyanc straog for to stand. Bannatijnc I'uems, p. 173. st. 1. That gars me think tliis hoblesheze, that's past, Will cud in naithing but a joke at last. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 172. Yon hobbleshow is like some stour to raise; What think ye o't ? for, as wc use to say, The web seems now all to be made of wae. i?oji's Helenore, \i. 89. Tcut. hohbel-en, inglomcrare; hobbelen tubbclen, lumultuarc; hobbel-tobbel, hobbel-sobbel, tumultu- arie, permiste, accrvatim ; Kilian. Tlie last sylla. Iilc may be Teut. sckoi^e spcctacutum, or from sihouzc-en viderc ; q. a crowd assembled to sec some- thing that excites attention. Schou:o-en also signi- fies to lly, whence E. eschezc. To HUCK, 1). n. Perhaps, to grudge, to hesitate as in a bargain, q. to play the huckster. " O great Jehovah, who neuer hucketh to giue mcrcie, let him finde more and more that thy howels, ouerflowing with mercie, are readic to re- ceiue him." Z. Boyd's Last Battcll, p. 1172. Perhaps allied to Isl. hzcccke, decipio ; eelcriter subtraho ; or to h:iik inconstantia. HUCKIE-BUCKIE. V. Hunkers. HUD, s. A term used by masons, for denoting the trough employed for carrying their mortar. Loth, mare, synon. HUDDERIN, HuDERON, /)«>Y. m//'. i. Sloven- ly. It is generally applied to a woman who is lusty and llubby in her person, or wears her clothes loosely and aukwardly. Ang. proii. hutberin. " A morning. sleep is worth a fold.ful of sheep, to a hiiderou, duderon Daw ;" S. Prov. Kelly, p. 14. " a dirty, lazy drab," N. 2. Ugly, hideous, Aberd. " My side happen'd to be pewmost, an' the great HUD huddcrcn carlcn was riding hockerty-cockerty upo" my shoulders — " Journal from London, p. 3. 3. Empty, ill-filled, Orkney. In the first sense, which seems the proper one, it may be allied to Teut. huyder-en, to swell in the ud. der, to have the udder distended, as a cow near calv. iug. But perhaps it is merely a part, from the r. n. Hoicdcr, q. v. V. Hutherin. HuDDROUN, s. Belly -huddroun. Mony sweir bumbard bclly-huddroim, Mony slute daw, and slepy duddroun, Ilim servit ay with sounyie. Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 29. st. 7. " The word huddroun is still used for a sIoTcnly disorderly person ;" Lord Hailes, Note, p. 237. HUDD Y CRAW, Hoddie, s. The carrion crow, S. B. hoddy craw, S. A. htiddit crau, Compl. S. Corvus corone, Linn. i. e. the hooded crow. " The huddit crauis cryit, varrok, varrok." P. 60, " There are also carrion crows (hoddies, as they are called here), and hawks, but not very nume- rous." P. Longforgan, Perths. Statist. Ace. xix. 498. HUDDS, .-. " There is a species of clay, which the smiths use for fixing their bellows in their furnaces, and of which the country people make what they call, Iluddx, to set in their chimnies behind their fires, which they say, does not calcine, or split with the heat ; and which, after it has stood the fire for years, and become hard as a stone, upon being exposed to the common air for some time, it turns soft, and may be wrought and fashioned with the hand as be- fore." P. Moffat, Statist. Ace. ii. 289. 290. HUDDUM, HuDDONE, s. A kirtd of whale. Bot hir hynd partis ar als grete wele nere As bene the hidduous huddum, or ane quhale. Doug. Virgil, 82. 25. —The remanent strancht like ane fyschis tale, In similitude of huddone or ane quhale. Ibid. 322. 9. Pistrix, Virg. also, pistris ; said to be a whale of great length, which cuts the water as he goes. The Danes call a K-A/Z/i/i-coloured whale, hKid Jisk. But perhaps huddone may rather be the same kind of whale which Verel. calls hyding-ur, which, he says, is twenty yards long. He mentions another, called hros$~vulur, cetus praelongus, saevus et ferox ; literally, the horse of the deep. Ind. p. 124. For the origin, assigned by some writers to the term tohale, deserves to be mentioned. As in Germ, it is called icaljische, it has been supposed that the meaning is, the fish of the abyss ; A. S. tcael, Afem. zcala. Germ, zsal, signifying, abyssus. Hence S. Krt// a wave, u^eal, zcallec, a whirlpool. HUDGE-MUDGE, adj. In a clandestine way; applied to those who whisper together, or seem to do any thing secretly, S. B. Bat fat use will they he to him, Wha in httdge i/ittdge wi' wiles, Without a gully in his hand, The smeerltss fae beguiles ? Poems in the Buchan Dialed, p. 11. This is radically the same with K. hugger-mugger, secrecy ; concerning which Dr Johns, after giving- H U I SCTeral etymons, none of which are satisfactory, con- fesses that he cannot determine the origin. The basis of this com|)ound term is certainly Su.G. miiigg, secretly, which Ih re inclines to deduce from Germ, muck-en to mutter, to speak low. The first syllabic may be allied to hog. a, liiig-a, to meditate, to ajiply the mind to any object, from hog, hug, mens ; to which O. Tcut. hiiggh-en, observare, con. siderarc, corresponds, tludge-mudge may thus de- note a secret deliberation or observation. Teut. hugghcr signifies obserrator, explorator. Hugger, "lugger might therefore originally denote a secret yfp,i/ of the actions of others. Ihre views K. smuggle as probably derived from Su.G. miugg, s being prefixed, which is common in Goth. Hence perhaps primarily Su.G. smi/g.a, Isl. smiug-a, reptando se insinuare. HUD-PYKE, s. A miser. — Catyvis, wrechis, and ockeraris, llud-pykis, hurdars, and garderaris. Dunbar, Uannatijne Poems, p. 28. Hu(l-pi/kis are here conjoined with penurious wretches, hoarders, and usurers. This may be Su.G. pick-hugad, qui avide aliquid desiderat, inver. fed and conlr. ; from pick-a, which, according to Ihre, ))rimaiily signifies to beat with sharp strokes; but metaph. denotes that palpitation of the heart which is expressive of ardent desire; and hogad, hugad, studiosus, from hog-a meditari, q. to desire with palpitation. Or, from Teut. hui/d, the hide, and pick-en, q. one who from covetousncss would peck at the skin of another. To HUFE; and Hufing. V. Hove. HUFUD, s. A stroke on the head, a box on the ear, S. B. evidently from A. S. Su.G. hufwud, A. S. heafod, the head. HUGGRIE-MUGGRIE, ad-v. Hugger-mug- ger, Fife. V. Hudge-mudge. HUICK, s. A small rick of corn, Banfls. To HUIK, v. a. To take care of, to consider, to regard. The only author, as far as I have observed, who uses this term, is Montgomerie; although cognates ©ccur in all the Northern dialects. Fule haist ay, almaist ay, Owre-sails the sicht of sum, Quha huiks not, nor luiks not Quhat afterward may come. Cherrie and Slae, st. 30. Dum non curant quid sera rcportet Vespera Lat. Vers. Promitting, unwitting. Your hechts you nevir huiked. Ibid. St. 81. I. e. " yoii never regarded your promises." It also occurs in his MS. How sho suld hurt or help, sho nevir huiks, Luk as if lyks, sho laughis and nevir luiks, Bot wavers lyk the weddercok in wind. Chron. S. P. iii. 499. Teut. hw^h.en, observare, considcrare; Su.G. hug-a, hog-a, in animo habere, meditari; Alcm. hu^-en, id. A. S. hug-an, curare. Su.G. hog, hug, the mind, is evidently the root. H U M HUKEBANE, s. The huckle-bone, S. B. Thy hanches hurklis with hukcbanes harsh aid haw. Dunbar, Evergreen, ii. 07. s(. 17. Perhaps from Su.G. Isl. huk-a, inclinare so. To HUKE. V. BoLYN. HULGIE-BACK, s. " Hump back," Gl. Ross. An odder hag cou'd not come in his w.ay; — An ugly hulgic-backed cankered wasp, And like to die for breath at ilka gasp. Ross's Hclenore, p. 35. Su.G. hulkig, convexus, hulka ut, excavare, holK vas couvexum. The phrase used in E., although not mentioned by Johns., seems synon. A kukh in the back. V. Seren. in vo. HULY, HooLiE, adj. Slow, moderate, S. heelL'. Aberd. Nane vthir wyse Turnus, at sic ane node, Steppis abak with hulj/ iiays ful stil. Doug. Firgil, 307. 6. The same word is used adverbially in conjunction with/(;/'e fair, or fail hj, IIulj/ and fare vnto the coist I swam. Ibid. 175. 51. Paulatim, Virg. " Ilooly andfairlj/ men ride far journies;" Fer- guson's S. Prov. p. 13. Yet love is kittle and unruly, And shou'd move tentily and /ioo(y. Ramsuifs Poems, ii. 387. The most probable etymon mentioned by Rudd. is hove to stay, to delay. Ho, delay, referred to by Sibb., is virtually the same. But it is doubtful, if hooly primarily signifies slov:. It seems more closely to correspond to soft, mode- rate, as hoolij signifies, tenderly, Northumb. ; and may be allied to Isl. hoglifr tranquil, hoglifi tran- quillity, Verel. ; or Su.G. hojlig moderate, hojiigen moderately, from hof nodus, decentia. Htfs madur, vir modoratus. Seren. gives Ho as an obsolete E. word, corresponding to Sw./fo/, measure, moderation. The Swedes have a Prov. phrase, nearly resembling our hoolji andfairlj; lolig och toglig man trifs. Fair and softly goes far; Seren. I may add, that as Su.G. il-a signfies to delay, Ihre supposes that it is originally the same with hail-a to rest; old Goih. words being found either with, or without, the aspi. rate. HULLION, s. A sloven, Fife. Hul/en is used in Dumfr. as a contemptuous designation, most probably in the same sense. HULLCOCK, s. The Smooth hound, a fish; Squalus galeus, Orkney. HULTER CORN. \^ Shilling. HUM, J-. A sham, a foolish trick ; often applied to a story told in jest, S. Su.G. hum, an uncertain rumour, the origin of which is unknown ; also, a slight suspicion. To HUM, V. 11. To feed, as birds do their young by billing. Thus a nurse is said to hum to I'.er child, when she gives it food from her mouth ; a custom, neither consistent with cleanliness, nor, it is most probable, with the health of the child. il U INI HUMANITY, s. A term, in the academical phraseology of S., appropriated to the study of the Latin language. The class in Universities, in which this is taught, is called t/je Humanity Class, and the teacher, the Professor of Humani- ty. " In the year 1637, it appears, that a master or profes^sor hiimaniorum liferwinn, commonly called ,,roj'essor of hiimaiii/i/, had been founded." Uni- vers. Glasgow, Statist. Ace. xxi. 25. Tlio Lat. designation is as above, Lilerae humuni- ores, from which the Fr. has been borrowed, al- though used with greater latitude than ours. Au college, on appelle les k/lres hnmuines, litterac hii- inaitiores, I'ctudc des langues Grecque ct Latine, la Grammaire, la Rhetorique, la Poesie, et I'intelligence de Poetes, Oratcurs et Ilistoriens. Diet. Trcv. HUMDRUM, s. Dejection, S. B. Ralph does his bidden, and out Lindy comes; His father says. Lay by, man, thir humdrums, And look na mair like Watty to the worm. Ross's Hdcnore, p. 91. The atlj- is used in E. Johns, derives it from hum and drone. Seren., with more propriety, from hum, Isl. imiu, vocem edere qiierulam ; and Goth. dram. B, tardc et Unite gradi. HUM EST, rt^'. Uppermost. Wallace gcrt tak in haist thar hnmest weid. And sic lik men thai waiUyt wcill gud speid. Wallace, ix. 705. MS. Perth edit, himest. V. Umast. HUMLY,^/r^'. Humble. "• Aruirugiis, seand na refugo, compcrit in his htimlij maner." Bellend. Cion. Fol. 34. a. HUMLOIK, s. Hemlock, S. Conium macu- latum, Linn. lUiil heir your life at large, baith mair and min. With h) poerifis, ay slyding as the sand, As humloik how, of wit and vertcw thin. Chnrteris Adhort. Lyndsafs IVarkis, 1592. A. 6. b. Here the S. deviates from the original pron. A. S. hcmleuc, henilk. The last syllable resembles Belg. loot a leak. HUMMEL, s. A drone ; or perhaps what is called the humble-bee. Stufffts, strokotirs, and sfafisclie strumnicls, Vyld h:»f.ch balds, haggarbalds and hummels. Dunbur, Mai/land Poems, p. 109. Teut. hummel. Germ, hummel, fucus, from hiimm- fn, boinbilare, to hum, to. bczz. Sii.G. hiimla, apis silvestris, Cierm. iiiime apis, which Sercn. derives I'riiin Ii.1. i/m-u gemere, siisinrare. E. humble-bee, the name given to the wild buzzing bee, although distinguished by au imi)ropcr orthography, has evi- dently (lie same origin. To HUMMEL, -v. a. To hummil bear, to sepa- rate the grain of barley from the beards, S. B. Hence, HuMMEL-coRN, s. That kind of grain which wants a beard, as pease, beans, gic S. B. It is used, however, in a sense directly the reverse, in the following passage, in which there is probably some mistake. HUN '• The farmer's servants, who have families, and cnoai'e by the year, are called hinds, and receive lo'bolls oats, 2 bolls barley, and I boll peas, which two last articles are called hummel corn." P. Dunse^ Berwicks. Statist. Ace. iv. 386. Su.G. himmelskorn is the name given to that kind of barley w hich wants the hard skin that covers some other species of this grain. Ihrc thinks that this is more properly himlost korn, from himi, or himin, the hull or covering, and toes laxus. V. HiMMEL. But perhaps it is rather q. hamlakorn, from hamla, to mutilate. V. Homyll. HUMMEL, adj. Wanting horns. V. Homyll. HUMSTRUM, s. " A pet," Gl. Shirr. S. B. This term may be from hum, as in hum-drum, and S. strum, a pettish humour. V. Strue. HUND, s. 1 . Used as a generic name for a dog, S. I haitit him lyk ane hund, thoch I it hid prcvie. Dunbar, Matt land Poems, p. 54. It would appear that hound had the same latitude of signification in O. E. " It is not good to take the breed of children and gyve it to houndis ;" Wiclif, Mark vii. MoesG. htinds canis, vox antiquiss., says Seren., ac propterea multis Unguis et dialect, communis. A. S. hund is used in the same general sense ; as al- so Su.G. Isl. Germ, hund, Belg. hond, Alem. hunt. Gr. x.vm, which is viewed as a cognate, is called by- Plato (in C'ratylo) a Phrygian word. For ho con- fesses that they received this, and many other terms, from the Barbarians. Although hand is originally a generic name, barbarous nations being much ad. dieted to the chace, and scarcely knowing any other use of dogs ; the A. S. have thence formed hunl-ian venari. 2. A designation given in contempt to an avarici- ous person, as being eager to seize every thing as his prey, S. Teut. hond, homo sordidus, avarus, Kilian ; Germ. hund, homo vilis, mancipium. In Isl. it is also used metaph. Thu hinn illi hundr, Apage pessime canis ; Verel. Ind. Su.G. hundhcdcn, canis ethnicus ; like the compliment paid by Mussulmen, Christian dog. HUNE, s. Delay. Thegudman sayd unto his madin sone, Go pray thame bayth cum doun withoutin htine. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 70. V^. Hone. To HUNE, 1). n. To emit a querulous sound, as children do when in a pettish Inimour, Ang. There can be no doubt that this is radically the same with E. tc/i/Aif; MoesG. (/!(a/«.07j, \'i\. quein-a, Su.G. lrj:in-a, lugcre. HUNGRY GROUND. A curious superstition prevails in some parts of the West of S. Some tracts of country are believed to be so mucli under the power of enchantment, that he, who passes over any one of them, would infallibly faint, if he did not use something for the support of na- ture. It is therefore customary to carry a piece of bread in one's pocket, to be eaten when one comes to what is called the hungry ground. To HUNKER, -o. «. " To hounher doian, to squat down," S. Gl. Shin-. V. the s. It occurs as a v. a. H U R lie hunlcert hiin down like a clockin hen, An' flyrot at me as I wail hae liira. Jamieson''s Popular Hull. i. 348. Hunkers, j. pi. To sit. on one's hunkers., to sit with the hips hanging downwards, and the weight of the body depending on the Icnees, S. Thf Isl. f. is defined exactly according to the sense in which both v. and s. are used with us. link. a, incnryare se modo cacantis ; Vercl. Ind. lie refers to hauk-ui' incumis. Avium more semi- sedcns haereo, — vulgo pro rcdinare se ad necessa- ria; G. Andr. He thus illustrates the term; Ut haiikr, acc'iyiitcr, stat et scdet simul; Lex. p. 12f). Ill p. 108, he expressly derives huka from haukr, a hawk. Su.G. huk-a. Tent, huck-en, desidere, in ter- ram se submittere ; Kilian. Belg. id. to stoop down ; Sewel. Children in Loth, have a play, in which they slide down a hill, sitting on their hunkers. This is called lltickicbiickie down the brae. The first part of this alliterative terra retains the radical form of the s. 39 used in Isl. and Teut. HUPES (of a mill) s.pl. The circular wooden frame, which surrounds the millstones, and pre- serves the meal from being lost, Loth. This may be q. hoops. But the term is dillerently pron. from the latter, as applied to the iron hoops of the mill. To HUR, *. n. To snarl, to growl. Let poetaster parasites who feign. Who fawn and croutch, and coutch and creep for gain. And, where no hope of gain is, hufle and hur, And bark against the moon, as doth a cur ; — Wish thee disgrac'd Muses Threnodie, p. 72. Lat. hir'r.irc, Su.G. knorr-a, km/rr-a, id. HURBLE, s. A term used to denote a lean or meagre object ; A puir burble., S. B. HURCHAM. Hurcham skin may signify a skin like a hedgehog. V. Hurchcon. Ed. 1508 hurtheon. With hard hurcham skin sa heclis he my chekis, [That even lyk] ane glemand gleid glowis my chaftis, Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 48. HURCHEON, s. A hedgehog, S. urcbin, E. from Fr. herisson. HURD, HURDE, s. A hoard, a treasure, S. It seems to be merely the same word, used in a pe- culiar sense, which is used by Wyntown, Than all the lawe in that ryot, That thai in-to schyppys fand, Thai lat rycht nane than pas to land : Na thai of thanie made na hiirde, Bbtin the se kest thame our the burde. Cron. vii. 9. 103. i.e. "They did not spare or save them;" as men do what they treasure up. Hard is still the S. pronunciation. The root seems to be Isl. hird.a custodire. HURDIES, s. pi. The hips, the buttocks, S. This term seems to occur in the following passage. Of hir hurdes sche had na hauld, II U R Quhill sche had teimd hir monyfawld. Lijndsuy, S. P. R. u. 88. The sense of the passage corresponds. Perhaps the word was written hurdeis. Mr Chalmers gives hurdles, referring to A. S. hurdcl, plectrum. But I do not perceive tho connexion between this part of the body, and a hurdle or wattle. Nac Dane, nor Dutch, wi' breaks three pair, Enough to make ane's hurdles sair, Can with our Highland dress compare. R. GiiUoKuu's Poems, p. 25. HURDYS, J.//. Hurdles. Wrightis weKcraud doune treis, wit ye but weir, Ordanit hurdys full hie in holtis sa haire ; For to greif thair gomys gramcst that wer. Guiaan and Gol. ii. 13. Germ. Kurd, Belg. horde, Fr. hourde, an hurdle. To HURDLE, 11. n. " To crouch or bow toge- ther like a cat, hedgehog, or hare ;" Shirr. Gl. If not an error of the jiress, for hurkte^ it appears nearly allied. V. Hurkill. HURE, HoRE, s. A whore, S. It occurs ill this form, in one of these Ballads, which were printed at the Reformation, and meant to lash the conduct of the Popish clergy ; although often in language not of the most delicate kind. The Parson wald nocht haue an hurc, But twa and they were bony. Spec. Godly Sangs, p. 37. A.S. hure, Teut. hur, Belg. hoere, Dan. hore, Su.G. hora, Is], hoora, id. A.S. horcwe/ia,iiu.G. horkona, meretrix. Hureqnei/n is common in the same sense, S. B. Verel. observes, that Isl. hora anciently signified a handmaid, ancilla; and changed its sense like kona, a woman, olim uxor, hodie E. queane, meretrix. Hervarar S. )). 119. HuREDOME, HoREDOME, s. Whoredom. Their huredome halted hee right sair. Godly Sangs, p. 11, Thi fader thi moder gan hide, In horedo/n he hir band. Sir Trlstrem, p. 48. st. 79. To HURKILL, Hurkle, v.n. l. To crouch, to draw the body together, as a lion brooding over his prey, S. JoyfuU he bradis tharon dispituusly. With gapeand goule, and vprysis in hy The lokkeris lyand in his nek rouch, And al the beistis bowellis thrymlis throuch, Hurkilland thareon, qiihare he remanit and stude. Doug. Firgil, 345. 30. 2. To be in a rickety or decrepit state. Thy rig.banc rattles, and thy ribs on raw, The hanches hurtlls with hukebanes harsh and haw. With hurkland\ia.nes, ay howkand throu thy hyde. Dunbar, Evergreen, ii. 57. St. 17. 18, 3. To be contracted into folds. Do ye not sec Rob, Jock, and Hab, As they are girded gallantly, While I sit hurklen in the ase; 41 II U R III have a new rloak about mc. Ritson's S. Songs, i. 221. One is said «o be hmkle-backit, who is crook- backed, S. Of Agarens what tongue can tell the tryne, With /j«;7>W hudc ouera weill nourisht necke? Spec. Godly Ball. p. 2. Here, however, it may merely refer to the hood as extending downwards from the head oyer the neck. This word is also used in O. E. " A hare is said to sit and not to ly, because she always hurclys.'''' Jul. Barns. V. Skinner. Sibb. derives it from Sw. hiik-a, indinatis cluni- bus humi incubare. But although this is considera- bly allied in sense, yet, as hunker and hurkle are used quite distinctly, they seem radically different, being connected with terms distinguished from each other in various Northcn dialects : Teut. hurck-en, inclinarese; Bdg. Ai//yt-e«, to squat, to sit stoop, ing. Fris. hurct-en, contrahcre membra ut cale- fiant. Isl. hntka corrugatio, coarctatio, junclio genu calcibus sedentcs ; At sitia eirne hriikn, attrac- tus popliti pedibus junctim sedere ; hrok, corrugor, coarctor; G. Andr. A. Bor. ruck, '' to squat or shrink down," (G rose) seems to claim the same origin. HURL, s. The act of scolding ; sometimes ex- pressed, a hurl of a fly te, S. Either the E. word metaph. used, or from the same origin ; Isl. hxvirl-ar, turbine versatur ; hzserf. « circuniagi, '^\i.G. hiirr-a, cum impetu circumagi. HURLE BEHIND, a ludicrous designation for the diarrhoea. Thou tkyland skarth, thou has the hurle behind. Dunbar, Evergreen, ii. 57. St. 19. This phrase is formed from the E. v. nsed in this sense, in the same manner as the Sw. nse the term durch-lopp, id. from durch per, and loppa currere. HURLEBARROW, s. A wheelbarrow, S. Then I knew no May how to fen, My guts rumbled like a huile harroze, I din'd with Saints and Noble-men, Even sweet Saint Giles and Earl of Murray. Uanish. Poverty, lVatson''s Coll. i. 13. " It is kittle for the cheeks, when (he hurlbar. rou: gaes o'er the brig of the nose;" Ramsay's S. I'rov. p. 4G. HURLY, 3. Expl. the " last." An' sail this sleeth come farror ben ? He scarce wou'u gae a fit frae hame, An' to us a' was hurly. Poems in tlie Buchan Dialect, p. 5. If I was hurly, there was cause. Believe rac as ye like. Ibid. p. 30, HURLlE-HACKEt, s. <■' Sliding down a pre- cipice, a kind of childish sport," Sibb, Belter go revell at the rackat. Or ellis go to the hurly.huckaf. This it appears was a royal diversion. Ilk man efter thair qualitio, Thay didsolisthis Maiostie. Sum gart hiui rauell at the racket. Sum hurlil him to the hurlic.hakket. Lytidsay'i IVtirkis, 1592, p. 265. H U S The nse of this diversion might be the reason of the name given to an eminence mentioned as in the vicinity of Stirling. " It is highly probable that Hurly Iluiiky was the nK>te hill of the castle of Stirling." JSimmo's Stirlingshire, p. 255. The name wonld seem of Scandinavian origin ; Su.G. hurr-a, whence E. hurl, and hulk-a to slide, per lubrica ferri ; Ihre. A similar diversion, that of the ice-mountains, is well known in Russia. V. Coxe's Travels. HURLOCH, Urloch, adj. Expl. « cloudy, Gael, obherlach.''^ And mony a cald hurloch eenin, Through wect and throw snaw had he gane. Janiieson\i Popul. Ball. i. 295. HURRY-SCURRY, s. A tumult, an uproar, Ang. Su.G. hurra cum impetu circumagi ; skorra so- num sfridulum edere, or skura increpare, objurgare. I know not if Isl. orra, Martis impetus, be allied to hurra. HURSTIS, Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. i. 5. V. Hirst. riURTHY. Than ilka foull of his flicht a fether has tane, And let the Houlat in haste, hurthy but hone. Houlate, iii. 20. Leg. hurtly, as in MS., i. e. promptly, with ala- crity ; as further expressed by the addition, but hone: Germ, hurtig, expeditus, promptus, agilis ; hurt, impetus. This, both Junius and Wachter de- rive from C. B. hwrdd, impetus ; citus. Let is here used as signifying left. V. Let. HUSBAND, s. A farmer. The term is also used in E., although more commonly husband- man. In the contre thar wonnyt ana That husband wes, and with his fe Oll'tsyss hay to the peile led he. Barbour, x. 151. MS. -Aiie, on the wall that lay. Besid him (ill his fere gan say, " This man thinkis to mak gud cher," (And nemmyt ane husband tharby ner) " That has left all his oxyn owt." Ibid. ver. 387. Thai gadryt in to full grcthy Archeris, burges, and yhuuianry, Preystis, clerkys, monkis, and freris, llusbandis, and men of all maneris. Ibid. xvii. 542. This does not generally occur in its compound form in other dialects; but either as formed by the first or last syllable. Teut. huys.inan, agricola, co- lonus. Sn.G. bonde, an inhabitant of the country, as opposed to one who lives in town; also, one who farms his own land. A. S. huibonda, and Isl. hus. bondi, both signify paterfamilias, herns; the mas- ter of a family; hence the A. S. word has been transferred to a husband, in the modern sense of the term, maritus. L. B. hushandus, husbanda, paterfa- milias agricultaram exercens; occoaomus, Gallis, H U S Memager; Dii Cange. Spelman says, that Jvis.. banda is used for agricola, in the X.i\?s of Ina, c. 19. But I have not obserTed the term in any of his laws. Mr Pinkcrton renders the word, as used by Bar. hour, by vi/lani, men bound to a certain house and farm, and assignable at the will of their lords. — •' Such," he adds, " existed in England, even to the reign of Elizabeth." N. Barbour, xvii. 342. Ane husbandman, in our old Laws, is opposed to ane frie man. If a person accused decline singular combat, it is required that he purge himself " be the judgement of God, that is, be hotc iron, gif he be ane frie man ; or be water, gif he be ane husband, man, conforme to the condition and estate of the men." Reg. Maj. B. iv. c. 3. Liber homo and rusticus, are the terms used in the original. Sibb. has justly observed, that " to this day, a farmer's cottar or cottager, who, instead of paying rent, engages to be a reaper in harvest, is said to be bund or bound for his house." This may be consid. ered as a remnant of the old system. Service of this kind, as well as that which some farmers themselves are bound by their leases to give to their landlords, is still called bondage, S. When any freeman wished to renounce his liberty, and become a bond-servant to a great man, in order to have his protection, he made delivery of himself, in his court, by giving the other a grip of the hair of his forehead. If he attempted to regain his li. berty, by running away, his master had a right to draw him back again to his service bt/ the nose. Hence it is still accounted so great a disgrace, when one lays hold of another in this quarter. Or, as Skene expresses it, " Fra the quhilk the Scottish saying cummis, quhen ane boastis and menacis to take ane vther be the Nose." Skene, Verb. Sign. TO. Bondagium. V. Tappie-Tousie. It must be observed, however, that the term bondc, as used by the Goths, did not originally im- ply the idea of inferiority. It was indeed a de- signation expressive of the respectable rank of the person to whom it was applied. It has been generally understood from the lan- guage of our laws, that husbands, or' what we now call farmers, were formerly all bond-men ; and of consequence, that hushandi and rustici are synon. ■with nativi, or adscripfi glcbae. But there seems to be considerable ground of he- sitation on this head. The subject, at any rate, merits a more minute investigation. From my very slender acquaintance with matters of this kind, I can only pretend to throw out a few hints, which may call the attention of others who are far better qua- lified for such a discussion. The passage quoted above, from Reg. Maj., can. not perhaps be viewed as even determining the sense in which the term rusticus was understood in Scot- land, when these laws were written. Because rus. ticus is opposed to liber homo, we must not imme- diately conclude that the former denoted a villain or bondman. For the phrase, liber homo, admitted of different senses. It was commonly opposed to vas- sus or vassallus; the former denoting an allodial n u s proprietor, the lat'er one who held of a superior. V. Robertson's Charles V. Vol. I. 258. Skene says, that '< Bondi, na/iui, and villani, signifies ane thing;" vo. Bondagium. He accord- ingly explains bondagium, or vUlenagiiim, as denot- ing " slaverie, or servitude." But here he is cer. tainly mistaken. For the nativi had no property of their own ; this, as well as their persons, be- longing to their masters. Hence it is said ; " Gif the defender failye in the probation of his libertie, and be found ane bond-man, he sail be adjudged to the persewcr, as his natiue bond-man, (tanquam nativus), without all recoverie, or remedle, tsith M his caflcll and gudcs quhatxnmeuc'r.''' Reg. Maj. B. ii.c. 11. § 14. V.also c. xii. ^5. Butthchusbandhad property of his own ; otherwise there would have been no reason for the particular claim of the best aucht, by his master at his death. Quon. Attach, c. 23. In Domesday Book, Bondmen, called Servi, are distinguished from f'illani. V. Cowel, vo. Bund. According to Reg. Maj. B. iv. c. 36. § 3, 4., all who were of a lower rank than the sons of Thanes, were rustici. " The Cro of the son of an Than, is thriescore sax kye. Item, all quha are inferioiir in parentage, are husbandmen (or j/comenj. And the Cro of ane husbandman, is saxtcne kye. The term rustici is evidently used in a general sense, as including all who had not some kind of nobility. But it cannot be supposed that all, ex- cept nobles, were slaves ; or that the hiisbandi were bondi, as equivalent to nativi and villani. It seems difficult to determine the sense of one ])assage, in which both husbandi and bondi occur. " Of the scheip of the king's husbandmen, and of his bondmen : the forester sail haue ane pennie, allanerlie." Forrest Lawes, c. 4. § 2. In the Lat. it is Husbondorum vel Bondorura Domini Regis. As expl. by Skene, husbandmen seem distinguished from bondmen. But, from the original, it is doubt- ful, whether the conjunction be distinctive or ex- pletive. In A. S. that was called Bonde-land, for which a certain rent was paid; although without any idea of servitude on the part of the tenant. For a certain Abbot, named Beonna, with the advice of all the monks of the monastery, gave in lease to Cuthbriht a nobleman, bonde-land ^t Swines-heafde, (x tribu- tariornm terram,) with the pastures and meadows, &c., on condition that he should annually pay to the Abbot fifty Founds, and one night's lodging, or thirty shillings in money; and that the lands should return to the monastery after Cuthbriht's death. V. Chron. Sax. ap. A. y?.*!. As Dan. bonde signifies rusticus, colonus ; Pon- tanus (Chorgoraj)h. Daniac) renders fribunder, li- beri coloni. Du Cange, vo. Bondus. It is unquestionable, that some of those employed in agriculture were free men. " These arc distin. tinguished by various names among the writers of the middle ages, Arimanni [perhaps from ar.n to ear, and man, q. tilling men] condilionales, origi- narii, tributalcs, &c. These seem to have been 4 12 II u s II u s jicrsons who posscssi>sidere. They appear , indeed, to have been originally the same v. Alein. bu-en, pu-an, habi- ta le. It may seem doubtful, whether we should view the V. as primarily signifying to cultivate, or to inha. bit. The latter has perhaps the prior claim, this l)cing the sense of MocsG. bau-an. Corres|)onding to this idea, is the sense given of A. S. land-buen. das; coloni, incolae ; dwellers or inhabitants of, or on, the land; Somner. Thus as bocnde, bond, in its simple form, literally signified, " one inhabiting," the term hus seems to have been prefixed, as limiting the sense, and denoting that the person, thus designed, inhabited a house, or was a constant resident in the coiiiitry, keeping a family there. Hence it would come to signify the master of a family ; and, by an easy transition, a husband. In S. it also denotes the steward of a ship. This name is given to the master of a sloop, or smaller vessel. A. S. land- bitenda seems to have been synon. with hus-bonda ; although the one designation was borrowed from the dwelling, thi' other from the land surrounding it. In Sweden, the term Bonde, about the time of the introduction of Christianity, was so ho- nouiablc an appellation, that those who bore it were admitted into alliance with the royal fa. milv ; and afterwards none might be elected a Bishop or a Lagman, but the son of a Bonde ; be. cause the children of those who attended on the court were not reckoned worthy of the same con- fidence. Every Bonde, even so late as the reign of Gustavus Adoljjhus, might be formally admitted into the rank of nobles, if he ajipeared in full ar- mour at the wapentake. It was only in consequence of the rank of nobility being more coveted in latter times, that the name of Bonde sunk in its signification. The term became gradually less honourable, till at length all who resided in the country, whether they cultivated their own lands or those of others, came to be known by this name; with this limitatioa only, that they were distinguished according to the description of the lands they possessed. V. Ihre, vo. Bonde. It may be observed, that E. boor acknowledges the same origin. It is merely Bclg. bouzcer, contr. boer, agricola, (Kilian) from botiis-en arare, colere agrum ; Germ, buuer, indigena, incola civitatis, pagi, villae, vel alterius loci communis ; ge-bauer, colonus, irom buLi-en, to cultivate, also to inhabit ; A.S. ge-biir, Alem. ge-btira, colonus, paganus, Tillanus, villicus. V. Udal Lands, ad. fin. Husband-land, s. A division commonly con- taining twenty-six acres of soc and syitb land, that is, of such land as may be tilled by a plough, or mowed by a scythe. Sibb. by mistake renders this, " according to Skene, six acres." The measurement was various. Ilonce Skene says ; " I findc na eerlaine rule pre. scrived anent the quantity or valour of ane hus- baialland.^' Verb. Sign, in voc. HUSCHER, s. An usher. HUT The huscher he gaf the gold, It scmcd to a king. Sir Tn'slrem, p. 38. st. 59. Fr. huissier, id. from liiiis a door. Du Caiige derives hiiis from Gerin. hiij/i a house. But it seems rather a corr. of Lat. ost-ium, a door. HUSE, Houlate, i. 24. Leg. hufc, as in MS. Quheu thai consavit had the cas aad the cre- dence, Be the herald in hail, hufe thai nocht ellis, Bot bownis out of Babilon with all obedience. i. e. They did not tani/ on any account. V. Hove, 1. HUSH, s. The Lump, a fish, S. V. Bagaty, and Cock-paddle. To HUSH, V. n. To rush. To hush in, to rush in, to make one's way with force and haste. Loth. HUSHEL, s. An auld bushel, any vessel or ma- chine that is worn out, Ang. HUSHION, s. <■<■ A cushion." But Willie's wife is nae sae trig, She dights her grunyie wi' a hushion. Burns, ix. 327. I suspect that Dr Currie has mistaken the sense ; and that this is the same word with Iloeshin, a stocking without a foot, Ayrs. V. Hoeshins. HUSSYFSKAP, /. Housewifery. V. HissiE- SKrp. HUSSILLING, s. A rattling or clashing noise. The hussilling of his armour did rebound. And kest ane terribil or anc fercful sound. Doug. I'irgiL -136. 55. According to Rudd., vox ex sono ficta. But it seems raiher soltened from A. S. hri^tluiig strepi- tus, hri^ll-an, strepere; which Seren. derives from Su.G. hrist-a, riyt^a, quatere, as originally used, he says, to denote the noise made by armour when shaken ; vo. Rustle. To HUSTLE, V. n. To emit such a sound as an infant does, when highly pleased ; or a cat, when said to purr, Ang. Isl. h:r!l-a, in aurum sussurrare. HUSTO, HusTA, inteiy. V. HosTA. HUT, s. A fat overgrown person ; also, one who is indolent and inactive ; as, a lazy hut, Ang. It may perhaps have some affinity to Isl. hautt-a to go to bed; G. Andr. p. 108. HUT, s. Or hand-hut ; a small stack built in the field, so low that he who builds it can do all that is necessary, with his hand, while standing on the ground, S. Perhaps from Germ, hutte; Su.G. hi/dda, E. hut, a cottage, from its resemblance; or from Germ. hut-en to cover. HUT, s. A square basket formerly used in Gal- loway for carrying out dung to the field ; of which the bottom opened to let the contents fall out ; Callow. It might receiTC this name, as allied to Germ. H U Z hdiit, hide, being perhaps originally formed of the skni of an anin.al, or to hii/.en servare, custodire. HUTHER, s. A slight shower, or wetting mist, S. B. Hence the phrase, Itn hutherin ; used when it does not rain con- stantly, but slight showers fall at intervals, S. B. synon. hags;erin. Su.G. ht.l-a, to threaten? HUTHERIN, .f. 1. A beast between the state of a cow and a calf, a young heifer, Ang. Loth. Perhaps from Teut. hiij/der-en, turgescere ubcri-. bus, sive maminis, ut vaccae foetui maturae, Kilian. This is from hiiijder, uber; dicitur tantum de besti- arum mammis. V. Hudderin. The term, as ap- plied adj. io a person, may have been transferred from the appearance of a brute animal. 2. A stupid fellow, Orkney. V. Hudderin, and HUDDROUN. HUTTIS ILL, some kind of disease. — Ftluxis, hyvis, hiittis ill. RottU's Cursing, Gl. Compl. S. p. 330. HUTTIT, adj. " Hated, disdained, abominable, hideous, dreadful ;" Rudd. Vnto this huttit moustoure, this Cacus, The god of fyre was fader, Vulcanus. Doug. Virgil, 247. 47. Here there is no correspoudent term in the origi- nal. But in p. 227. 47., where Alecto is called this huttit goddes, it is the version of invisum nu- nien. Su.G. huita ut en, cum indignalione et contemtu instar canis ejicere, nee uon probris afficere ; hut, apage. HUTTOCK, s. Of this iiatioun I knew also anone, Greit Kennedic and l>unbari- yit undeid. And Quintiae with ane huttock on his held. Police of Honour, ii. 17. This may perhaps signify a cowl, as iiitimatiirg that he was a monk; A.S. hod, C. B. hutte. Germ. hut, however, denotes a hat ; Belg. /ioci/. The lat- ter term also signifies a chaplet or garland. Might this be meant as the emblem of his eminenre as a poet? Or huttock may be two Fr. words a little disguis- ed, q. haute toque, high cap. Colgr. describes toque as " a bonnet or cap, somewhat like our old courtier's velvet .cap." Ellis Spec. E. P. 1. 398. V. Tokie, which still denotes an antiquated female head-dress. To HUVE. V. Hove, i. HUVE. V. HoiF. To HUZZH, •y. a. To lull a child, S. pron. with so strong a sibillation, that it cannot pro- perly be expressed in writing. This at first view may appear to be tlie same with E. hush to still, O. E. huste. " / huste, I styll ; Je repayse, je recoyse;" Palsgrauc. But 1 suspect, it is rather allied to Isl. hoss.a, which conveys the same idea with the S. word. Molliter manibus jac- tito, utnutrices infantes quassant, sen quassitant ; Su.G. hj/ss.a, Mod, Sax. husch-en; Isl. hos, quassa- tio mollis. JAB J A 1 I, J, Y. It may be proper to observe that J, which as pron. both in E. and S. is a double consonant, is very nearly allied to sii. The former, it has been said, differs from the latter, " by no variation what- ever of articulation ; but singly by a certain unno- ticed and almost imperceptible motion or compression of or near the larynx." Tooke's Div. Purl. i. 93. Thus, it corresponds to Germ. Belg. sch, Su.G. Isl. .sk. Germ, writers, in giving the pron. of j, E. indeed combine ds and sch ; as dschahd, jade, dschah, jaw, kc, V. Klausing, Engl. Deutsches Worterbuch. The letter z also is nearly allied both to./ and s, being viewed as equivalent to ts. Y, by ancient writers both in S. and E., is as Rudd. observes, prefixed to verbs, participles and verbal nouns. Our writers seem in this respect to have imitated the E., with whom y or i prefixed is merely the vestige of A.S. ge, corresponding to MocsG. ga; m ybaik, balien, i. e. dried, hardened; ijbe, be; yberied, buried, j/6oce, born, begotten, i/broken, broken ; yclois, closed, shut up ; ydrad, dreaded, yfere, together, in company, &c. V. lludd. Gl. let. Y. le, as a termination, is much used, in vulgar lan- guage, for forming diminutives ; as bairnie, a little child, an infant, from bairn; burnie, from burn; lanimie, from lamb, &c. But such diminutives have scarcely any sanction from our old writers. Jt needs not therefore seem surprising, although, in the lapse of ages, j should be substituted for those sounds which are admitted as analogous. Of this change we have accordingly, various examples. V. Jag, Jamph, Jazcpc, Jeve, Jink, Jound/'c. JA, s. The jaj ; a bird, Corvus Glandarius, Linn. Thcja him skrippit with a skryke. And skornit him as it was lyk. Bannutyne Poems, p. 22. st. 13. Fr. gcay, gay, j ay, id. lABB, s. A kind of net used for catching the fry of coal-fish. " The best and most expeditious way of catching tlie cuddle, when it is in greater plenty on the coast, is with a sort of creel, caWvAjabb. 'Vhe jabb com- monly consists of three or four strong rods, from 8 to 10 feet long, laid across each other in the middle, and gently bent upwards, till they are fixed at the ends to a large hoop, from four to six feet diameter, which forms its mouth : on the inside it is all lined with a narrow net, made for the jiurpose to retain the fish and let out the water, tightly tied to its ribs and mouth." V. Portree, Invcru. Stat. Ace. xvi. 150. JABBIT, adj. Fatigued, jaded ; Shirr, Gl. S.B. JABBLE, s. Soup, Gl. Shirr., Aberd. — Meg sair'd them first wi' some jabble, To ground their wame. Shirrefs'' Poems, p. 211. JACINCTYNE, s. Hyacinth, a flower. Thay laid this Pallas ying, Ligging tharou, as semely for to se, As is the frcsche flouris schynand bewty, Newlie pullit up from his stalkis smal, — Or than the purpoure floure, hate jacinctyne. Doug. Virgil, 362. 21. Fr.jacynthe, from Lat. hyacinth-us, id. Hence also L. B. J«c/«art, Watson''s Coll. in. 7. Su.G. stoja signifies tumultuari ; Isl. stygg-r, in- solens. To JAG, V. a. 1. To job, to prick, as with a needle or spur, S. He bade her ride. And with a spur did jag her side. fVatson's Coll. i. 39. 2. To pierce ; as with a dart or spear. Some jarris with ane ged stalT to jag throw black jakkis. Doug. Virgil, 239. a, 1. Shall we view (his as a figurative sense of Germ. jag-en, to make haste, to pursue, especially in the chace ; as jnick is used to denote celerity of motion on horseback, from the means employed, of spurr- ing on the horse ? C. B. gagau, is rendered incisu- ra. But I prefer deriving it from Germ, zack cus- pis, which Wachter derives from Sw. stick-a, A. S. slic-an, pungere, by the common change of st into :, that is, is ; Germ, zeichnen, to prick. Jag, how- ever, has been traced to Ileb. m^jjagah, dolore af- fect us est. JAG, s. " Jack or hunter fashion of boots ; from Tent. J iigb-ef I agitare feras." Gl. Sibb. His boots they were made of the jag. Ritsoii's S. Songs, i. 271. JAGGET, s. A full sack, or pocket, hanging aukvvardly, and dangling at every motion, S. B. To JAIP, Iate, v. a. To mock, to deride ; to speak or act in jest. J A K I jape not, for that I say weill I knaw. Doug. Virgil, 41. 34. Chauc. id. Bfjaped with a mowe. i. c. exposed to derision with a trick. Gower's Conf. Am. Fol. 68, a. It is slraiine that Sibb. should view this as a corr. of Ti'ut. geclc-e)t deridcre, or derive it from Ft. javiol.er to gabble or prate. Various terms, both in the Celtic and Gothic languages, have much more affinity ; as Arm. goap mockery, goap-at to mock, goap-aer, goap~aus a mocker ; whence perhaps our gaapiiy a fool, q. au object of mockery or ridicule : Isl. geip-a, supervacanca loquor, fatua profero ; geip fatua verba,- geipliir prolocutiones jactabundae et frivolae ; gape fatuus, G. Andr. Germ, gapen, illuderc, ludificari, decipere, sin- dolose, sive per jo. cum. Wachter ha.-! observed, that the ancient Saxons adhere to the former spnsc, and the Isl. to the lat- ter ; A. S. jo-c«p, fraudulentus ; ls\. gahba, irridere. This observation, however, is not quite correct ; as A. S. gabb-un signifies irridere. We may add Su.G. gabb-a, bcgahb-a, id., gubb, irrisio. It is to be observed, that g a.ndj are often interchanged. E. gibe has undoubtedly a common origin. Jaip, Jape, J. l. A mock or jest. Qnhat wenys fulis this sexte buk be hot jupis, All full of leis, or auld idolatryis ? Doug. 1'iigil, Prol. 158. 16. 2. A deception, an imposition. Hence the Trojan horse is thus designed. Turnand quhelis thay set in by and by, Vnder the feit of this ilk bysnyng_;V«y;, About the nek knyt mony bassin raip. Doug. Virgil, 46. 37. laip occurs in Burel's Pilgrim. Out come the Quhittret furwith, Ane litill beist of lira and lith, And of ane sober schaip ; To haue an hole he had grit hast, Yit in the wood thair wes nane wast. To harberic that iaip. Watson's Coll. ii. tl. This at first view, might seem to signify a fool or object of ridicule. But perhaps it is merely K. ape disfigured according to the pron. of the South of S., which often prefixes y to words beginning with a vowel. The weasel seems to receive this designation from its puny form. One of a diminutive size is still contemptuously called an ape. Jaiper, Japer, s. a buffoon, a jester, Gl. Sibb. It occurs in 0. E. Harlots, for her harlotrye, maye haue of her goodes, And japers and judgelers, and jangelers of jestes, And he that hath holy wryte aye in his mouth. p. Ploughman, Fol. 45, p. 2. JAY-PYET, s. A jay, Ang. Perths. To JAK, V. n. To trifle, to spend one's time id- ly, S.jauk. The term is probably used in this sense, in the fol- lowing passage. They lufit nocht with ladry, nor with lown. Nor with trumuours to travel throw the town ; JAM Both [hot] with themself quhat they wald tel or crak, Umquhylc saJIie, umquhyle jangle w\Ajak. Priests Peblis, Pink. S. P. R. i. 3. Mr Pink, renders the phrase _;an^/e andjak, " at random." The idea plainly is; They sometimes talked seriously, and sometimes jocularly, or play- fully. The term, as now used, does not imply the idea of absolute idleness, but is often applied to one, who, while engaged at work, is diverted from it by every trifle. Thnsjauking is opposed to being t/dant. Their master's and their mistress's command The younkcrs a' are warned to obey ; An' mind their labours wi' an ej/dant hand, An' ue'er, tho' out of sight, to jaiik or play. Burns, iii. 176. V. Ituam». It may be allied to Isl. jack.a, contiuuo agitaic. Hence, Jaukin, s. The act of dallying, S. An' ay she win't, an' ay she swat, I wat she made aa,e jaukin. Burns, iii. l.'?0. JAKMEN, s. pi. Men kept as retainers by a landholder, for the purpose of lighting in his quarrels. Thfijatmen and the laird debaitis, Dishonourit is thair name. — — Hunger now gois up and down, And na gud for the jakmen. Maitland Poems, p. 189. So denominated from Fr. jaque, a short coat of mail worn by them. Germ.jacke, Su.G. jac/ca, sa. gum. It would appear that the term was given to horsemen. For a jakman is distinguished from a footman. V. Blead, v. JAM, s. A projection ; applied to the aisle of a church. " It [the church] has a large Jam, very commodi- ous for dispensing the Sacrament of the Lord's Sup. per, which, in some of the neighbouring parishes, for want of room in the churches, is dispensed in the fields." P. Applegirth, Dumfr. Statist, viii. 311. The word is here used improperly ; from Fr. jambe, a corbel or pier. To JAMPH, V. a. 1. To make game of, to sneer at, to mock, S. — I was bidding Jean e'en gee's a sang. That we amang the laeve might mix our mang : But she hutjamphs me, telling me I'm fu'. And gin't be sae. Sir, I'se be judg'd be you. Ross's Helenore, p. 117. 2. To shuffle, to make false pretences, S. She pleads a promise, and 'tis very true, But he had naithing but a.jamphing view; But she in guaping earnest taks it a'. Ross's Helenore, p. 90. 3. To act the part of a male jilt. — That Nory own afore you a'. That on my side the bargain didna fa'. For, for my coat, I wadua wish't were said, That I ofjamphing maidens made a trade. Ross's Helenore, p. 115. JAN 4. To trifle, to spend that time idly, which ought to be appropriated to work, or business, S. This word, a little varied, ajipcars in most of the Northern dialects, ami in a variety of forms. Su.G. sf:j/mf-a, beskhnp-a, to joor, to scotT, to taunt, to reproach, verbis aliquem dchoiiestare, Ihre; Belg. srhimp-cn, beschimp-en, Germ, scliimpf-en, be. schimpf-cn, id. Sc.hirnpf tiiid eriift, jest and earnest. Ihre niarks the artiiiity of Cir. o-kottt-s/v, to scoff, and TKOfifix, a scoff, lint this seenj^ nicicly apparent; as the origin undoubddly is Isl. ikam, short. For as Su.G. .skciiit.a, as well as ski/»ip~a, signi. fy to play, to sport, analojroiis to oiir term in sense 4., the simple idea is, to shui/cn the time by amuse- ment. Htnce the Su.G. phrase, skaemta tiden, tem- pusfallerc; and simply, jocari, xkaenit jocus ; Isl. xkaeml-u, tempus delectaiiientis fallo, ikemtaii de- lectatio ; sketntun, temporis quasi decurtatio ; G. Antlr. p. 212. {'^.jumphin): also, skj/mp-a, ludifi- cari, sijjmpc luditicaiio, sh/mpiiin, ludificatorius, il- lusorius, histrio ; Ibid. p. 213. V. Observ. on letter /. We have the term, whether in a more primitive form or not seems doubtful, in Isl. lijjmp-a, ludifi. care, hj/»ip, ludibrium ; Ibid. p. 113. By the way, might not our Hempie be traced to this; as perhaps primarily denoting a wag, one addicted to mischievous sport ? As we have formerly seen that board, a jest, is radically from io/'jor^/, behord, a tourneament; we find this term, conjoined with that -whence jamph is formed. Sjdan wart (her skemtan ok behord. Postea lusus crant et torneamenta. Chron. Rhyrathm. p. 37. S. Syne war i\\eT jamphing and buurds. V. Bo- liurd, Ihre. I shall add another passage, illustrative of the sense of this word, from a very ancient work. Nu ber sua til, at lauginiautur thinir vilia til •■kcniluiuir gangu, edur drijckiii,fra Kongs herber- gi, — ^//skcmtanur^ong'o, thu skulltthii thessa skem. tan cUka. " If thy comrades wisih that thou shouldest go to sport, go from the King's palace for thy sport ; and there thou mayest amuse thyself as much as thou wilt." Sjiec. Reg. p. 371. Sham, E. seems radically the same with _;V/ot/)/j ; although Johns, derives it from C. B. shommi to cheat. Gijmpe, s. used by Doug., and Gijmp, v. to which Rudd. refers, are merely the same radical words in another form. V. Gymp. J.\MPHER, s. A scoffer, one who makes sport at the expence of another, S. — O'er facs he, and tumbled down the brae. His neiper Icuch, and said it was well wair'd; Let ucf erjamphers yet he better saird. Ross's Uelenure, p. 58. Teut. schimper, schamper, contumeliosus, deri. sor ; Isl. skimpinn, id. V. the v. To .TANGIL, Jangle, v. n. To prattle, to tat- tle. " The iargolync of the suallou gart the lay iun. gil." Compl. S. p. 60. Jangle andjak. V. Jak. Sibb. cxpl. it, " to tattle and trifle away the time." Jf this be the mean. J A R ing, it is from FT.jfingl.er, id. Chaucer uses the word in the same sense. But as in the passage refer- red to, both the i\ tcl and aak precede, perhaps this may rather signify, to frolic, to amuse one's self with some kind of tricks ; from Yx.jongl.er, to juggle; yihevifc jongleur, a juggler. Ritson has shewn that this is a corr. orthography, instead of jouglcur used ill all ancient MSS. '1 he origin, as he observes, is certainly hat. jociilafor. Diss, on Rom. and Mins- trelsy, E. M. Rom. I. CLix. JANGEALAR, .?. A juggler, a sharper. The term is opposed to that of honest men. Sum gcvis to thame can ask and plenyie ; Sum gcvis to thame can flattir and fenyie; Sum gevis to men of honcstie, And haldis Mjangealaris at disdcnyie. Dunbar, Bannati/iie Poems, p. 49. st. 9. FAscnhcrejanglottrs. V. the r. JANG LOUR, s. A prater, a tattler. Thair ma wnjanglour us espy, That is to lufe contrair. Baiinatj/ne Poems, p. 101. st. 13. Vr-jangleur, a saucy prattler, a scurrilous jester. This sense apjjroaches so near to that of jongleur, that one would conclude they had been originally the same word. Janglarij, prating, especially of a ma- licious kind, Gower's Conf. Fol. 29. a. Jangcler, P. Ploughman. V. Jaiter. To JANK, v.n. 1. To trifle. Loth, synon. jamph. Its known he would have interdited, But he was forc'd with shame to quite it. Now he's rewarded for such pranks, When he would pass, it's told hejanks. Cleland's Poems, p. 19. 2. Tojank off, to run off. Loth. JANKIT, ^flrt. adj. Fatigued, jaded, Loth. JANTY, adj. Cheerftil, Fife. To gar the lazy hours slide by. Fell ya7!y jargoning, another popular word ; Gl. Compl., i. e. chattering. V. Jangil. The V. is still used. It is thus distinguished from jarg, Gl. Compl. " To jarg, to make a single sharp shrill noise; tojargle, to produce a repetition of such sounds." V. Argle-dakgle. To JARR, V, n. To make a harsh and grating noise; same asy«r^. The brasin duris iarris on the marbill hyrst. Doug. Virgil, 27. 5. Isl. gaur, strepitus, convitia; Teut. garr-cn, gherr-en, vociferari, clamitare. To JARR, V. n. To poke, to stir with a staff in water. %\xmjarris with ane ged staff to jag throw blak jakkis. Dovg. Virgil, 239. a. 1. Alem. girr.en, Germ, irr.en, turbare, irritare. JASP, s. A jasper. This joly_;"a?/3 hes properteis sevin — The iirst, of collours it is marvellous. Jlenri/sone, Bannati/ne Poems, p. 125. st. 1. Fr.jaspe, ha.t.jasp-ii-, id. JAUDIE, s. Expl. " a pudding of oat-meal and hog's lard, with onions and pepper, inclosed in a sow's stomach ; formerly used as a supper- dish at entertainments given by the country people on Fastren's Even ;" Gl. Sibb. This term seems generally used in Loth, and S. A. ; often as equivalent to pudding ; as, a bloody jaudie, a pudding made of blood. Arm. guadegen kig minset, a haggis. Lhuyd, to. Tucetum. JAVEL. V. Jevel. JAUELLOUR, Jevellour, s. A jailor. " The jauellouris (quhilkis kepit the presoun quhare he was) to put hyra haistely to deith be auyce of his Sonne, pressit down anc heuy burd on his ■wambe." Bellend. Cron. B. xiv. c. 15. The fo is chasit, the battel! is done ceis, Thepresonebrokin, the jevellour s fleitand flemit. Dunbar, Uannatijne Poems, p. 86. Hisp. Jau/a, Fr.jaule, Bclg. gioole, C. B. geol, a jail. To JAUK, V. n. To trifle, to dally. V. Jak. JAW, Jawe, s. 1. a wave or billow, S. Hie as auc hill thzjaio of the wattcr brak, Aud in anc hope come on them with an swak. Doug. Virgil, 16. 27. 2. A quantity of water thrown out with a jerk, a flash of water. Thus one is said to throw a jaw of water on another, whether from accident or design, S. 3. Coarse raillery ; or petulant language, S. For Paddie Burke, like ony lurk, JAW Nae mercy had at a', man ; An' Charlie Fox threw by the box, An' lows'd his tinkler _;a:ii, man. . Burns, iii. 269. 4. Used also m a general sense, in vulgar lan- guage, for loquacity, S. Sibb. says ; " Perhaps from Swed. hauf, mare." But there is no apparent affinity. Arm. guager, sig- nifies a wave. But Jaw seems to have a common origin with Javupe, q. t. To Jaw, v. n. 1. To dash, as a wave on a rock or on the shore, S. Jawyn, part. pa. dashed, tossed. — She saw the stately tow'r. Shining sau clear and bright, Whilk stood aboon ihcjatoing wave, Built on a rock of height. Minstrelsy Border, ii. 60. Doug, uses this word in a curious comparison of his work with that of Caxtoun, in which he plays on the rebus of his name. His febill prois bene mank and mutulate; Bot my propyne come fra the pres futc hate, Unforlatit, not jaxsyn fra tun to tun, In fresche sapoure new from the bery run. Virgil, Prol. 126. 8. 2. ij. a. To spirt, to throw out in a jet ; as, tsja-x •water, S. Tempests may cease to jaw the rowan flood, Corbies and tods to grien for lambkins blood ; But I, opprest with never-ending grief. Maun ay despair of lighting on relief. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 65. 3. To jaw one, to assault one with coarse rail- lery, to mock or rally, S. Shejazo'd them, misca'd them. A. Douglas's Poems, p. 125. To JAWNER, V. n. To talk foolishly, Clydes. You teaze majazcnering ay o' faith ! — Falls of Clyde, p. 133. This poem, although there are several beautiful passages in it, exhibits an unjust picture of the creed of the Scottish peasantry, and charges them with such ignorance as has never been esamplified in any age since the Reformation. JAWP, Jauf, Jalf, s. 1 . That portion of water which is separated from a wave, when it is broken by its own weight, or by dashing against a rock, ship, or any other body that resists its force, and causes part of it to fly off, a flash, S. Rudd. justly observes, that Jaicpe differs from Jais, as the former denotes the rebounding of water " from a rock or otherwise." Wele fer from thens standis ane roche in the se, Forgane the foniy schore and coistis hie, Quhilk sum tyme with boldynand wallis quhite Is by fiicjaxs^pe of fludis couerit quite. Doug. Virgil, 131. 40. V. also 157. 27. It is also applied to the action of the waters of a river on its banks. I am god Tybris, wattry hewit and haw, Quhilk, as thou seis, with mony iawp and iaw Bcttis thir brayis, chawing the bankis doun. Ibid. 241. 49. 4 K I c n 2. A spot of mud or dirty water ; properly, that which is thrown on one's clothes, by the motion of the feet, or of a horse or carriage, when the road is wet or miry, S. 3, The dregs of any thing, S. A. Conif ! whurl tlio driimlic ilri>gs o't rown ; — Bui wi' that fortune gif ye quarrel, Gic then the jaiipy anither twiil. Rev. J. Nkol's Poems, ii. 60. 61. It is pron. ,7V///?, both in the North and South of S. ; in the West jV/ape. The learned Rudd. has a very whimsical conjee- ture concerning thi'. word. He thinks that it may be derived from Fr. jiipp-er, to bark or bawl as a dog; " like the rocks of Scyila, which were feigued by poets to have been metamorphosed into dogs, be- cause of the bcirlcing noise made by the repercussion of the waves on these rocks." L?ut our ancestors did not dip so deep into poetical alleg.iry. Sibb. refers to Jaw as the origin, which he conjec- turally deduces from Sw. hanf, the sea We have the same word, in a more primitive form, in Isl. gialf.ur, a hissing or roaring wave, the boil- ing of the sea ; Vcrcl. Ind. Gialver, Icvior maris iinda; Olai I^ex. Run. The learned Jonaeus, Gl. Orkneyinga S., observes concerning Isl. giaclf.r, that it is now confined to the noise made by waves broken by the rocks. Hodie vox hacc, dc sono tan. tuui adhibetur qucm allisae rii|)ibus undae maris cduut. The word assumes a ditt'crent form in other dialects; Tent, snulp, ilnctus, unda, lluctuatio, Bi:]g. sicalp, a flash of wafer, (Sewel.) Sw.watn. sziulp, (S( rcn.) Germ, cin ichioall zcasser, id. Su.G. sqicalp-a, agitare humida, ita ut etfundantur vel tur- bcntur. Hire; to dash, Falnet scjwalpar oef-ucr, the water dashes over, Wideg. ; Mod. Sax. schulp-eu, Isl. skolp-a, id. Tout, svjolp-en, fluctuare, jactari fluctibus; Belg. zzcalp-en, scholp.en, to flash as water. To Jawp, -v. n. To dash and rebound as water, S. V. the s. Unmouyt as ane roik of the se, Qiiham with grete brute of wattir smyte W'c se, llyniself sustenis by his huge wccht, Fr.i wallis fel in al thare bir and swecht Janpyng about his skyrtis with many ane bray. Doug. Virgil, 228. 28. To Jawp, Jaap, Jalp, v. a. To bespatter with mud, S. " To jape, Fr j'apper., to bespatter." Sir J. Sinclair's Observ. p. 87. " Ride fair and jV/«j) nane ;" S. Prov. "Taken from riding through a puddle: but applied to too home jesting." Kelly, p. 283. JAWTHERS, s.pl. Idle, frivolous discourse, indicating a weak mind, S. If nut derived from jav:, perhaps allied to Isl. gialfra, incondila loqui. YBET, part. pa. Supplied. Quhill vapours bote riclit frcsche and we'Mjjbet, Dulce of odour, of fluour maist fragrant, The silver drop pis on daseis distillant, &c. Palicc oj Honour, Frol. st. 2. Edit. 1579. A. S. gefjctte, eniendatus. V. Bete, v. ICHONE, YcHONE, each one, every one. Y D I Ye Musis now, sueit godessis ichone, Opin and vnschet your mont of ileliconc. Doug. Virgil, 2o'0. 30. ICHIE NOR OCHIE. V. Eechie. YCORN, part. pa. Swete Ysonde hath sworn llir dene, that miri may; To hir thai had ijcorn ilot yrcn, Y say. Sir Tristrem, p. 126. st. 106. " Prepared; literally, carried out;" Gl. But it certainly signifies chosen, selected. They had fixed on the ordeal by fire, or chosen the ploughshares, that (here might be no im;^,osition. A, S. gccoreitf electus, seleetus ; from ge-car-an, cur-an, Su.G. kor-a, Isl. kior-a, Germ, kur-eti, Teut. kier-eny kcur-en. Mod. Sax. kor-en, eligere. Somner men- tions A. S. ci/re-ulh, jusjurandum electum ; referring to his Gl. to the Decern Scriptores Angliae. ICKER, .f. An ear of corn. V. Echer. ICTERICK, adj. Of or belonging to jaundice. " lie dyed the .53 year of his age in the nioncth of June an. 1575, in an icterick fever." Mr James Mellvill's MS. Mem. p. 8. Fr. icterique, sick of the yellow jaundice. YDANT, adj. Diligent. V. Ithand. YDY, s. An eddy, a pool. The Bard, smaddit lyke a smaik smokit in a sroiddic. Ran fast to the dnr, and gaif a gret raire; Socht watter to wesch him thairout in ane )/(lj/. Iloulate, iii. 15. Bannati/ne MS. Isl. ida, vortex vel gurges aquae, synon. with Sw. wattnhisirfwel, a whirlpool ; id-a, more tluentis aquae citiis feror, vel circumcursito ; Vercl. G. Andr. This v. seems to be the same with Su.G. id- a, agitare, from id opus. IDLESET, s. The state of being idle, S. " When they [the affectiouns] appeare to be most quiet, yea, wholly rooted out and extinguished, the stumpes of them stickc in the soule, and ane verie slight object or short idleset will enkindle them." Bruce's Kleven Serm. p. 1591. Sign. Y. 8. a. Q. set ox placed idle, A. S. ydel, Su.G. idel, va- cuus, vanus, and sett-an, saett-a, coUocare. Juni- us deduces the adj. from Gr. uf between you twa. — Ramsiii/'i Poems, ii. 0.15. 2. To move to one side. In ihis sens* it is used with respect to hor-cs or cattle in drauglit, S. Gee, E. a term u=eJ by waggoners to their horses, when they wish them to go faster, is probably from the same origin. Seren. gives Sw. gaa, as signifying both to budge, and to turn round. To JEEG, V. n. To creak. The door jeegs, it creaks on the hinges. " Lick your loof, and lay't to mine, dry leather jeegs ay ;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 60. Kelly writes it gigs, p. 239. A weaver, in vulgar phraseology, is said to jeeg awa at his loom, in reference to the sound made by the loom, S. \i\. jag-a, jaga a soma, eadem oberrare chorda-, idem saepius iterare ; G, Andr. p. 128. But what- ever be the origin, it is the same with Geio, q. v. JEEGLER, s. An unfledged bird, Loth, perhaps from the sound of its cry, as allied to ^eeg, v. JEFWEL. V. Jevel. JELLY, adj. 1 . Upright, honest, worthy ; a jelly man, a man of integrity and honour, S. B. K jelly sum to carry on A fishery's design'd. Ramsnjj's Poems, ii. 354. But tell me, man, how matters were agreed, Or by wha's interest ye gat Simon free'd. B. Ane's, wha well cud, the Provost o' the town, A jelly man, well worthy of a crown. Shirrefs' Poems, p. 33. 2. Good, excellent, in its kind, Moray. And he's doen him to a. jelly hunt's ha', Was far frae ony town. Jamieson's Popular Ball. ii. 194.. As this term has no connexion in signification, it seems to have as littfe in origin, with E. jolly. Be- ing a North.country word, it is most probably of Scandinavian extract. It seems allied to Su.G. gill, gild, which primarily signifies, able, powerful ; and in a secondary sense, respects the moral qualities. Thus, ord-gild man, vir fidus, cujus verba et pro. missa valida sunt; Ihre. Gill is also used in this sense, without composition. Jag haulier honomfor gill i den saken ; I think he may be depended upon in that attalr ; Wideg. , Tlie root is gell-a valere. It seems to have been originally used to express the character of one who was both able and willing to pay his debts, in the same sense in which it is now said of one, that he is a good man. JELLILY, adv. Merrily, Moray, jollUy., E. And jellily dance the damsels, Blythe-blinkin in your ee. Jamieson's Popular Ball. i. 189... JILLET, s. A giddy girl, S. psobably corr. from 'E..jUt. Ajillst brak his heart at last, liurns,\xi. 2.16. 4 K2 J E V I M P JEMMIES, s. pi. A species of woollen cloth, Aberd. V. SkaFTS. JENEPERE, s. Juniper, King's Qualr. V. Herbere. This is still the pron. S. lEOPERD, J. A battle, an engagement. <' Thir Danis that fled to thair schippis gaif gret sowracs of gold to Makbcth to suffer thair frehidis (that war slane at his ieopcrd) to be buryit in Sanct Colmeslnche." Bellcnd. Cron. B. xii. c. 2. Pugna, Booth. V. JUPARTY. Jeoparty Trot, s. l. A quick motion be- tween running and walking, when one from the influence of fear or weakness is not able to run at full speed, Dumfr. The term seems to liave had its origin from the flight of those, who, living in a country subject to many inroads and depred.ations, were often obliged to escape from their enemies ; while, in consequence of hot pursuit, their lives were in jeopardy every moment. 2. It is also used as a contemptuous designation for a person, Dumfr. perhaps as equivalent to coward, poltroon. lER-OE, s. A great grandchild, S. O. May health and peace, with mutual rays, Shine on the ev'ning o' his days ; Till his wee curlic John's ier-oe^ — The last, sad, mournful rites bestow. Burns, iii. 226. Heir-ojje was formerly used in the same sense. " There was also one Laurcntius in the parish of Waes, whose heir-oycs do yet live there, who arriv- ed at a great age." Brand's Descr. Shet. p. 71. Perhaps, as oye is Celt., from Ir. iar after, and ua a grandchild, q. one who succeeds a grandchild. JEROFFLERIS, Geraflouris, s. pi. Gilli- flowers. This fair bird rycht in hir bill gan hold Of TtiAjcroffleris, with thair stalkis grene, A fair branchc. King's Quair, vi. 6. And thou gerafloure, mot I thaniiit be, All other tlouris for the love of the. Ibid. St. 18. Tevt. gheroffel. Ft. girojice, lta.\. garofolo ; all from Gr. Ku^vopvXXov, Lat. caryophylla, id. V. Skinner. JESP, s. V. Jisp. JEVE, s, A push or shove with the elbow, S. This, I apprehend, has the same origin with E. shove; Germ, schcib-en, schieb-en, Su.G. skufm-a, s/i7M.«, truderc, propellerc. . To Jevel, v. a. To joggle, to shake, Ang. This is a deriv. cither from the s. or the Germ. v. V. Jkve. To Jevel, v. n. To move obliquely. Loth. Germ, schief, Teut. scheef, scheel, obliquus. Jevel, Jefvvell, Javell, j-. A contemptuous term, the proper meaning of which seems to be now lost. Let be, quo' Jock, and caw'd him Jcvcl, And be the tail hiin tugcit. : .■ 1 J Calland. Javell, edit. Tytler, and Sibb. Gavell, Pink. Maitland Poems, p. 445. This is one of the hard names used by Dunbar in his Complaint. — Fowl, jow-jourdanc-hededj'ecc/s', Cowkins, henscis, and culroun kevels Mai/land Poems, p. 109. " Whill that the Quein began to craft a zealous and a bald man, James Chalmeris of Gaithgyrth, said, ' Madame, we kuaw that this is the malice and devyce of thai Jcfwcllis, and of that bastard,' raeau. ing the Bischope of Sanct Androis, that standis bj yow." Knox's Hist. p. 94. This word occurs in the conference between the Ii''s Popular Uall. i. 286. 2. The term also signifies to give the slip in what- ever way ; to cheat, to trick, S. For Jove didyV^i Arcesius ; The gentles a' ken roun' about, lie was my lucky-deddy. Speech of Ulj/sscs, Poems in the Buchan Dial. p. 15. 3. To make a quick turn; applied to the motion of liquids. In this sense it occurs in a Poem, in which the strength of genius is unhappily en- listed in the service of intemperance. O thou my Muse! guid auld Scotch Drink! Whether thro' wimpling worms t\ion Jink, Or, richly brown, ream o'er the brink, In glorious faem. Inspire me. Bitrn.t, iii. 13. 4. To escape, to avoid, in a general sense, S. — There the herds an Jink the show'rs 'Mang thriving vines an' myrtle bow'rs. Fergusson''s Poems, ii. 107. 5. To spend time idly, S. A. It seems properly to include the idea of secreting one's self from the eye of a superior. If stowenlins, whan thou was na thinkin, I'd been wi' bonnie lasses Jinkin, — Soon, soon fund out, I had grit cause To rue I ever brak thy laws. Rev. J . Hicol's Poems, i. 53. Perhaps from Fi.Jonch-cr, to gull, to cog, to de- ceive; also to dally, jest, or toy with ; Cotgr. But it rather seems radically the same with Su.G, SKink-a, subterfugia quaerere, Germ, schzcink.en, schicank-cn, ccleriter movere, circumagere, motitare. Wachter derives the Germ, word from schiceng-en, id. ; Ihre, the Su.G. v. from zcii-a, cedere, whence sxiik-a decilJere. Jink, s. The act of eluding another, S. Our billie's gi'en us a' njini, An' owre the sea. Bunts, iii. 214. JiNKER, s. 1. " A gay sprightly girl, a wag;" Gl. Bums. Dwells she with matrimonial thunder, Where mates, some greedy, some deep drinkers, Contend with thriftless mates orjinicrs? Rumsati's Poems, ii. 489. 2, Applied to a horse quick in its motions. J I Z That day ye was a.jinker noble, For heels an' win'. '" " ■'«. Burns, iii. 142. JIRGLE, s. ■ Any very small quantity of liquor; what has been left in the bottom of a glass, ov has been emptied from one vessel to another, S. Perhaps changed in form as well as signification from Su.G. gurgla, to gurgle. To JiRGL^ V. n. To empty any small quanti- ty of liquor from one vessel to another, S. scuttle, synon. To JIRK one's teeth, to rub then! one against' another, to gnash, S. This is the same with Cuirk, q. v. JIRT, ^. Expl. "jerk." She's gi'en me mony a.jirt an' fleg, Sin I could striddle o'er a rig. Burns, iii. 244. JISP, s. There^s no a broken jlsp in it, a term used with respect to clothes, as denoting that the ar- ticle referred to is perfectly whole, or has no- thing worn or rent about it, S. The phrase seems borrowed from the weaving oc. rupation. W'hen, from any inequality in the ram, there is a sort of gap in the woof, this is called a Jesp, S. Isl. geisp.a, hisco, oscito ; geispe, oscitatin, q. a hole, a chink. If I mistake not, the S. word is al- so applied to implements made of wood. JIZZEN-BED, GizzEN, s. Child-bed. To lie inji%%en, to lie in, to be on the straw, S. B. Within years less than half a dozen, She made poor Maggy lie in gizzen. When little Jack broke o\it of prison On good Yulc-day. Forbes''s Dominie Depos'd, p. 39. Thejizzen-bed wi' rantry leaves was saiu'd. And sik like things as the auld grannies kend. Jean's i)aps wi' sa't and water washen clean, Reed that her milk get wrang, fan it was green. Ross's Helenore, p. 13. This word occurs in O. E. Jhon Hardyng. speaking of William the Conqueror, says, — with ra. thcr more spirit than is usual with him ; lie then his lawe and peace alwaie proclaimed Officers made in euery shire aboute, And so held on to London unreclaimed, Where his justice he set the land throughout. The kyng of France thus scorned him out of doubt. That K)'ng William in gcsine had lien long. And tyme hym war been kyrked, with good song. When he this hard, to Fraunce he went anone, There to be kirked, he oflred his candell bright ; A thousand townes he brent, as he did gone. At them he praied the king of Fraunce to light His candle then, if that he goodly might, Whiche, at his kirkhalc and jjurificacion. To Mars he thought the time to make his obla- cion. Chron. Fol. 129, b. V. Kirk, o. This story is differently told by Ranulph Higden, ILK I L K but so .xs to determine the sense of the term used by Ilardyng. " This Kyiigc William layc a bedde at Roen (Rothomage) in the last end of his lyfe. The kynge of Frauiice scorned hym in thismaiier. Kyng AVyllyam of Knglondo licth now as wymmen done a ihijhlhcd(L and (akyth hym to slouth. He bourded so. For the kyngc hadd slaked his grctc wombe wyth adrynkc that he hadde dronke. The kynge was dyspleysed wyth this scorn; and sayd, I shall offer hym a thousande candels, whan I shal goo to chyrche of chylde," kc. Polycron. Fol. 267, b. Ilardyng uses the same word elsewhere, when giv- ing the character of Maude, Henry I.'s Queen, the worthy daughter of an excellent mother, Margaret Queen to Malcolm Canraore. The prisoners also, and women eke with childe And in gesene lyuyng ay where aboute. Clothes and raete, and beddyng new unfiled, Wyne also and ale, she gaue without doubt. Chron. Fol. 133, b. O. Fr. gesine, a lying in childbed ; oi gesine, en couche. Diet. Trer. ges-ir, to be in childbed; gesaitte, a woman in childbed ; L. B. gesina, puer- pcrium. Promisit ut faceret concedere uxori suae, cum a sua gesina levaret. Inventar. Eccles. No- »iom. A. 1419, ap. Du Cange. Before observing that Fr. gesir simply signifies, to lie, I was inclined to trace the term to a Goth, origin, Isl.jod, foetus, offspring, whether son or daughter ; whence jodsoit, the pangs of childbirth, jodsiuk quinna, a woman in labour. But the origin, I sus- pect, is merely Lat. Jac-ere, to lie. IK, IC, pron. I. The gud lord of Dowglas alsua Brought with him men, Ik wndreta, That weile war wsyt in fechting. Barbour, xi. 221. MS. The Scottis men chassyt fast, Ic hycht, And in the chass has niony tane. Ibid, xviii. 482. MS. A.S. ic, MoesG. ii, Alera. ich, ih, Teut. icA, ick, Delg. ik, Dan. jeg, Sw. jag, Isl. eg, ig,jag, Gr. tyu, Lat. ego. IK, C072J. Also. The King saw that he sa wes failyt, And that he ik wes forlrawaillyt. Barbour, iii. 326, MS. This is the same with eke; from A. S. ic-an, which, as well as ec-aii, signifies to add. ILD, V. imp. The grettast Lordis of cure land Til hj-m he gert thame be bowand : Jld thai, wald thai, all gert he Bowsum til hys byddyng be. yVyntown, viii. 13. 121. Supposing ild to be the proper reading, Mr Mac. pherson refers to A. S. yld-an, Sw. ild-a, to delay. He asks however, if this be not erroneously for fiild would not. But the phrase S. B. is similar. III they, zcill they. The term may be rather allied to Su.G. j7i(-a molestura esse, litem alicui movere; Isl. i7»'-« controvertere; Vere). ILK, Ilka, adj. pron. Each, every ; iiiane, eve- ry one, S. He set ledaris till ilk bataiic, That knawin war of gud gouernailc. Barbour, xi. 160. MS. Bot the gud Lord Dowglas, that ay Had spyis out on il^a sid, Had gud wittering that thai wald rid. Darbovr, xvi. 367. MS. On ilka nycht thai spoilyeid besyle. fVallace, iv. 500. MS. V. also ver. 534. Ilka is also used, 0. E. The Englis kynges turned, thei root do nomore, Bot soiourned tham a while in rest a Bangore, That ilk a kyng of reame suld mak him alle redie. R. Brunne, 3, 4. The dikes were full wide, That closed the castle about ; And deep on ilia side With bankis high without. Ibid. Ellis, Spec. E. P. i. 119. 120. Bot suddanly away they wisk ilkane Furth of our sicht. Doug. Firgil, 75. 50. A.S. aelc, elc, omnis, singulns, unisquisque. ILK, Ilke, adj. The same. Thare men mycht the sc, Invictand venemous schaftis the ilk tide. Doug. Virgil, 318. 36. Thylie and that ylke are very often used by Gower. So harde me was that ylke throwe That oft sy thes ouerthrowe To grounde I was withoute brethe. Conf. Am. Fol. 8, a. A. S. ylc, ylca, id. OJ that ilk or ylk, of the same ; A. S. thaet ylca. This phrase is used to denote that the title of any one, to whom it is applied, is the same with hissur. name ; as, Grant of that ilk, i. e. Grant of Grant, Dundas of that ilk, Sfc, S. " In this battell war slanc — Alexander Elphins. toun of that ylk with ii c. gentylmen and com- monis of Scotland." Bcltend. Cron. B. xvii. c. 7. " This," as Rudd. observes, " is commonly rec- koned a sign of the antiquity of the family, and that the person is chief of the family, though some- times it is otherwise." This title, indeed, has in various instances been assumed by one who was not the chief j in consequence of the family seat coming into his possession ; or because the eldest branch had fallen into decay, and become unable to sup- port the rank supposed to be necessary, or had lost the documents requisite for establishing the claim of superiority, or was unwilling to enter into conten. tion with one who was more powerful. Some have supposed, that where any family has this title, the family surname has originally been im- posed on the estate. Camden clearly shews, that the reverse has been the case in England ; that fami- lies of this descrii)tion have had their surnames from their lands. This he proves inconfestably from the existence of the names of such places, before any surnames were used in England ; as well as from the signification, structure, and termination of some of these names. Remains; Surnames, p. 154, 155. It is highly probable that the same observation is, in most instances, also applicable to. S. Such de- I L K signations as MacFinlanc of MacFurlaiic, MacNab of MacNab, and many others of the same kind, plainly doilare that the lands have been denominated from the surnames of the families; because these are jjatrouymics, and could not originally belong to possessions. This title, indeed, as used in the High, lands, seems more generally to signify, that he to Tvhor.i it belongs, is chief of the name, or clan dis- tinguished by this name, than to respect thv lands possessed by him. But there arc others, which af. ford the highest degree of probable evidence, that the surname has been borrowed from th,^ place ; as lial^'toii vf Ralston. This certainly signifies, Ra/f's or Ralph'' s toicn. Fullerton of that ilk, is another of the same kind. This name has undoubtedly ori- ginated from a place. Had it been English, we might have rendered it, the Fuller''^ tmon. But as the term tVaulker is used in this sense in S., it may have been the Fozaler's toten. Many similar exam, pies might be mentioocd; as Spottisusod of Spottis- ■xod, &c. This corresponds to the accounts given by our historians, as to the introduction of surnames in this country. According to Boece, Malcolm Canmore, h; a Parliament held at Forfar, rewarded the nobles who adhered to him, ordaining that, after the cus- tom of other nations, they should take their sur- names from their lands, which had not been the case in former times ; ut quod antea non fuerat, aliarum more gentittm, a praediis suis cognominu caperent. Hist. Lib. xii. c. 9. At this time, he adds, many new surnames were given to Scottish families, as Calder, Locart, Gordon, Setoun, &c., and many ether names of possessions, from which those brave men, who had received them from the king as the reward of their valour, derived their names. This account is confirmed by Buchanan, from the extract he had received from the records of Icolmkill. V. Hume's Hist, of Doug. p. 11. Ilkaday, s. An ordinary day of the week, what is commonly called a lawful day, as dis- tinguished from that which is appropriated to Christian worship, S. from Hi every, and day. Twa hours wi' pleasure I wad gi'e to heaven, On ilia days, on Sundays sax or seven. Falls of Clyde, p. 34. IHadays claise, the clothes worn on ordinary 4ays, by the working classes, as distinguished from those reserved for Sabbath, S. Ilk dayis ger, is used by Blind Harry, most pro- bably as opposed to warlike accoutrements. Wallace than said, We will nocht soiorne her. Nor change no weid, but our ilt dayis ger. Wallace, iii. 80. MS. Ger, gear, was anciently used in a very general aense. Some editor, wishing to make the language more plain, has obscured it, by substituting a phrase never used in this country. In edit. 1648, it is ; Nor change no weed, but our each dayes gear. The Swedes have a phrase, which is perfectly analo- gous ; Hwardag- klader, every days clothes ; from hvsardag, a working day, hzear every, and dag day ; hzcardags iost, common fare. Su.G. yrtilUag also signifies a working day, from 3/?ia to work ; prou. yUldag. I L L ILL, s. 1. The evi^, or fatal elTects ascribed to the influence of witchcraft. He's gotten ill, he has been fascinated ; S. Isl. illbragd, i/lbrygde, raaleficium, from ill ma- lum, and bragd factum. 2. Disease, malady. And quhen the lordis, that thar war, Saw that the ill sy mar and mar Trawailiyt the King, thaim thoucht in hy It war nocht spedfull thar to ly. Barbour, ix. 54. MS. The E. adj. and adv. are used in a similar sense, but not the s. A. S. yfel has merely the general sigl nification of calamity ; adl being the term which denotes disease, whence E. ail, ailment. Teut. ebel, however, sometimes occurs in composition, in this sense; as, vallende cvel, the falling sickness, latick evel, an iliac passion. It appears to me, that this Gothic terra has been primarily used in a moral sense; Moes.G. ubils occurring in no other. ILL-BEST, — " Let Hobbes, and such wicked men, be put from about him, and the ill-best there be taken into his service." Baillie's Lett. ii. 230. ILL-DEEDIE, adj. Mischievous, S. " The little one who is making the feloni. ous attempt on the cat's tail, is the most striking likeness of an ill-deedie, wee, rumble-gairie, urchin of mine, whom, from that propensity to wit- ty wickedness and manfu' mischief, which even at twa days auld I foresaw would form the striking features of his disposition, I named Willie Nicol." — Burns, iv. 235. Then Cupid, that ill-deedy gcat, With a' his pith rapt at my yeat. Ramsay's Poems, i. 145. V. Euill.dedt, ILL-EASED, adj. Reduced to a state of incon- ' venience, put to trouble, S. corresponding to Fr. mal-aise, id. ILL-GAISHON'D, adj. Mischievous. V. Gaishon. ILL-GAITED, adj. Having bad habits ; per- verse, froward, S. From ///, and gate, gait, a way. Hence ill.gait. edness, frowardness, perverseness, S. B. To ILL-HEAR, v. a. To ill-hear one, to chide, to reprove, to scold one, S. B. q. to make one hear what \s painful to the feelings. ILL-LESS, adj. Harmless, inoffensive, S. This seems to be the signification, in the following passage. " However his majesty, as a most gracious ill, less prince, having no mind of such plots, addresses himself to keep the Scottish parliament continued to the 15th of July." Spalding's Troubles, i. 317. ILL-MUGGENT, adj. Evil-disposed, having bad propensities, S. B. Nor do I fear his ill chaft taak, Nor his ill-muggent tricks ; There's nae a gentle o' you a' But he taks o'er the pricks. Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 30. 4 y M P Su.^. megdnde signifies adult. It might there- fore be rendered q. ill-trained, ill-educated. But I prefer Germ, mogen, moogen, to incline, to have a mind to ; scnsus a potentia ad cupiditatcm translatus ; Wachtcr. ILL-PRATTIE, adj. Roguish, waggish, ad- dicted to tricks rather of a mischievous kind, S. B. V. Pratt. ILL-SAR'D, eidj. Tll-savoured. V. Sadr, v. ILL-SCRAPIT, adj. Rude. yin ill-scrapU tongue i a tongue that utters rude language, S. V. Shamble, v. ILL-WILLIE, Ill-willit, adj, 1. Ill-natur- ed, envious, spiteful, S. " An ill-nH/i/ cow should have short horns." S. ProT. Kelly, p. 11. 2. Not generous, niggardly, S. " Little wat8 the ill-zaillj/ wife what a dinner may had in ;" Ferguson's S. ProT. p. 23. 3. Backward, averse, S. B. We canna want plenty o' gear. Then Maggie, bena sae ill-mllif. Jamieson's Pepul. Ball. i. 310. A. S. vfel Kill-an, pravum velle; S\i.G, illwi/j'a, Is!. iUtilie, raalevolentia. YMAGE, s. Homage. King Eduuard past and Corspatrik to Scwne, And thar he gat ymage of Scotland swne ; For nane was left the realrae to defend. Wallace, \. 116. MS. YMAGERIS, s.pl. Images. " Finaly be generall decrcit was statute that the i/mageris of Sanctis (as the kirk of Rqme Tsis) sail "be honorit & had in reuerence in al partis, not as ony deuinite war hid in thame, hot to represent the figoure of God and his Sanctis." Bellend. Cron. B. X. c. 5. Fr. imager,.ere, of or belonging to images. IMBASSET, s. Leg. inbasset. An embassa- dour. Pardoun me than, for I wend yc had beyne An inbasset to bryng ane uncouth qneyne. Wallace, vi. 134. MS, Fr. embassade, an embassy, a message. IMMER GOOSE, The Greater Ducker of Ges- ner, Orkn. Ember Goose, Sibb. Scot, p, 21. " The Iinmcr (colymbus immer, Lin. Syst.) which is the ember, or immer goose of this country, is a species which may be seen in single birds, or at most t^o or three together, in many of our bays and sounds at all seasons." Barry's Orkn. p. 304. Immer seems to be the common name in the Nor- thern languages. V. Ember. IMMICK, s. An ant, S. This seems corrupt- ed from E. emmet. IMMIS, adj. Variable. V. EniMis. To YMP, V. a. To ingraff, to insert. Fals titlaris now growis up full rank, Nocht J/m|J^7 in the stok of cheritie. Ilowping at thair lord to get grit thank ; Thay half no drcdp on (hair nyboiiris to lie. Hcnrj^one, Uunnatyne Poems, p. 136. A.S. Alcm. imp.any imp.ian. Germ. impf~en, I ^I P Sm.G. i/mp-a, id. E. imp, id., although not men- tioned by Johns, in this sense. To IMPESCHE, ij. a. To hinder, to prevent. " Se not hir quhais fenyeit teiris suld not be sa mcklc praisit nor estemit, as the trcw and faithfull trauel- lis quhilk I sustene for to merite hir place. For obteining of the quhilk aganis my naturall, I be. trayis thame that may impesche me." Lett. Detect. Q. Mary, K. ii. a. Ego cos prodo qui jm^ed*. mento esse possent, Lat. Vers. Fr. empescher, id. Lat. imped-ire. To IMPYRE, -v. n. To bear sway, to exercise sovereign power. I find ane King, Quhilk intill Europe dois ring : That is the'potent Pope of Rome, Impyrand ouir all Christindome. Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592. p. 122. Lat. iniper-are. To IMPLEMENT, v. a. To fulfil or perform any engagement, S. ; a forensic term. " This was an obligation incumbent upon him, which the petitioners were entitled to insist that he should implement, but which, with great submis. sion, they were certainly not bound to assist him in implementing.^' Petit. T. Gilhcs of Balmakewan, &c. 1806, p. 23. YMPNE, s. A hymn. And lo, ane vthir sorte ful blyth and glad On athir baud behaldis Eneas, — Ympnis of pryce, tryumphe and victory. And singand glad togiddir in fallouschip. Doug. Virgil, 188. 7. In the dark ages, it was customary in MSS., as Rudd. observes, to omit the initial A, as ympnus, yems, ortus, for hymnus, hyems, hortus, and to in- sert p betwixt m and n. " Whenne the^wpne was seide thei wentea out into the mount of Olyvete." Wiclif, Mat. 26. To IMPONE, V. a. To impose. Adam did craftclie impone Ane speciall name to euerie one. Lyndsay's Warkis, p. 20. 1592. To IMPRIEVE, V. a. To disprove ; also to disallow, to impeach ; a forensic term. " Quhair ony person — taks on hand to impreive the execution of the precept, or ony vther title, or evident producit, it sail be neidfull," &c. Acts Scd'. 15th June, 1564. Improve is used in the same sense, not only in S., but commonly by those who wrote in E. two cen. turies ago. " Where as he hath spoken it by his own mouth, that it is not good for man to be alone, they have improved that doctrine, and taught the contrary." Bale's Acts Eng. Votaries. V. Tooke's Div, Purl. I. 165. Lat. improb.are, to disallow. IMPRESTABLE, adj. What cannot be per- formed. " We have long and patiently groned under the intolerable yoke of oppression — through a tract of several years bypast, particularly in the year 1678, by sending against us an armed host of barbarous I N savages upon free quarter, contrary to all law and humanity, for inforcing of a most unnatural bond, wholly illegal in itself, and imprestable by us." Wodrow's llist. ii. 60. From Lat. in neg. Midi praest-arcy to perform. IN, prep. Into. Than Wallace said, he wald go to the toun ; Arayit him vvoill intill a preist lik gown. In Sanct Jhonstoun disgysyt can ho fair. IVallace, iv. 703. MS. " So he came hastily in Scotland, and landed the tenth day of May, in the year One thousand live hundred and fifteen years." Pitscottie, p. 12 I. Pitscottie, as well as Bellenden, generally uses in for in/o. This indeed is common with all our old writers. MoesG. in has the same signification : In gaian. nan, into hell. Mat. xxv. 22. 29, 30. In tarkara, into prison. Mat. v, 25. Sw. in, id. Jag gick in i staden, 1 went into the town. A. S. in occurs in the saipe sinse. IN, a ternaination denoting the feminine gender. Ihre, vo. Kucii/ig. Kaerling, seems at a loss to account for the ternnuation, as he calls the word merely a dimin. from taii. But in is used in this sense in Germ., " Annexed to substantives," says VVachter, " it forms a feminine from the mascu. line ; as from manii, mannin virago, from tocnig, a king, koenigin a queen." Proleg. § 6. Although overlooked by the learned Ihre, it seems to be used in the same manner in the Scandinavian dialects. For Sw. stotbraahin denotes the female brake ; Isl. tarlinna, a woman, from karl. Thus taerling may have been originally kasrlin ; like S. carlin. V. Hn ACIIF.N. IN, Innys, s. 1. a dwelling, a habitation of any kind. Than said he lowd upone loft, the lord of that /«, To al the beirnys about, of gre that wes grete. Gazcan and Gol. iv. 13. The Brnys went till his innj/s swyth ; Bot wyt ye weile he wes full blyth, That he had gottyn that respyt. Barbour, ii. 1. MS. Inns is used, in vulgar language, S. for a house of entertainment. Inni/s, I apprehend, is merely the pi. of in, according to the first declension of the s. in A.S. used in the same manner with the modern term lodgings. 2. The tents of an army on the field of battle. Than till thair innjjs went thai sone, And ordanyt thaim for the fechting. Barbour, xii. 330. MS. The sense, in which the word inn is now used, is comparatively modern. A.S. Germ, inne, domus, domicilium ; Su.G. id. Kongs inne, domus regia, the king's house, Isl. inne, domus ; from in, in, within, or inn-en to enter. IN ANE, cidv. 1. Together, at the same time. The detestabyl weris euer in ane Agane the fatis all thav cry and ranc. bu/fg. f'irgil, 228. 16. 2. Uniformly, without cessation or interruption, always. - INC Oil sic wyse is he quhelmyt and confound! t. That euor in ane his bos helme rang and soundit. . Ibid. 307. 27. Rudd. in both places renders it anon ; but impru. perly. In an is used in a similar sense in Sir Tristrcni. To conseil he calleth neighe, Hohand trewe so stan ; And eucr he dedc as the sleighe, And held his hert in an, That wise. P. 21. An, own.—" Kept his mind to himself." Gl. But it seems rather to signify, " kept to his mind steadily." In ane still bears this sense in the vulgar language of S. I have not observed that an ever signifies ozcn. 3. Anon, quickly. Nyrar that noyris in nest I nycht in ane, I saw a Iloulat in haist, under ane hoi yng. Houlate, i. 4. Here, as Rudd. observes, " we discover the true origin of E. anon, q. in or on one, S. ane, i. e. uno fere eodemqiie supple momcnto, preferable to Skinner's various conjectures;" he might have ad- ded, to those of Junius also. A. S. on an is used in all these senses; in unum, simul, jugiter, continuo; " allwaycs, continually, together, at once ;" Somner. It is surprising, that Skinner and Junius should have been so jiuzzled with the word anon, as Teut. ueneen, simul, una, conjiinctira, bears such resemblance. INAMITIE, s. Enmity. " This inamitie wes jugit mortal!, and without all hope of reconciliatioun." Knox's Ilist. p. 51. From in nog. and Fr. amitii, frioti'lship. INBEARING, part. adj. Oilicious, prone to embrace every opportunity of ingratiating one's self, especially by intermeddling in tlie affairs of others, S. Belg. inbooring, intrusive. INBY, adv. 1. Towards, nearer to any object, S. Near to some dwelling she began to draw ; — • That gate she halds, and as she weer inby, She does a lass among the trees espy. Rosses Ilelenore, p. 66. 2. In the inner part of a house. To gae inhy, is to go from the door towards the fire, S. A.S. in and bi, near, Teut. by, id. S. outby sig- nifies, at some distance from any object ; also, out of doors. To INBRING, V. a. To import. — " That na kynde of man nor woman, be na maner of way, sould by, na inbring na kynde of poysoun in the realmc, for ony maner of vse vndcr the pane of tresoun." Acts Ja. II. 1430. c. 32. Edit. 1366. To INCALL, v. a. To invoke, to call upon, in the exercise of prayer. " Now, as to the manor of the kyithing of this miracle, it is said in (he 2 Kings, 20. that it was procured be the Prophet's praier : It is said there that the Prophete incalled, that the sun should be brought bak." Brace's Eleven Scrm. 1391. F. 4. b. 4L I N E I N F " None can tncall on him in whome they trust not." Ibid. I. 7. This V. is formed like Lat. in-vocare, id. INCH, Inche, .f. An island, generally one of a small size, S. " Thir Danis that fled to thair schippis gaif gret sowmcs of gold to Makbeth to sutler thair freindis — to be buryit in Sanct Coimcs Inche." Bellend. Cron. a. xii. c. 2. •' After passing the ferry of Craig Ward, the ri- Tcr becomes narrower ; and there are some beauti- ful islands, which are called Inches." P. Alloa, Stat. Acr. viii. 597. C. H. yni.v. Corn, ennis, Arm. enezen, Ir. innshe, Gael, inxh, id. INCOME, s. A term used with respect to any bodily infirmity, not apparently proceeding from an external cause, S. " How did he lose the power of his leg?" " It was by an income." The meaning plainly is, that the aliection as it were came in. as not being caused by a sprain, a coutusion, a fall, or any thing of this nature. INCOMIN, /)(jr^./ir. Ensuing, succeeding ; as fhe incojnin ook, the next week, S. INCONTINENT, adv. Forthwith, without delay, Fr. id., also O. E. INCOUNTREY, s. The interior part of a coun- " In the Isles and Highlands were likewise great troubles ; nor was the incountreif more quiet." — Spotswood's Hist. p. 411. IND, used for in prep. To come, ind, to come short, to alter one's method in the way of di- minution. Preif nevir thy pith so far in play, That thow forthink that thow come ind. And murn quhen thow no mcndis may. Bannatyne Poems., p. 187. st. 5. i. e " Regret that thou art deficient." To come in., is still used in this sense, S. INDILLING, Dunbar. V. Eldntng. INDING, adj. Unworthy. 1 was in service with the King, — Clerk of his compts, althocht 1 was inding. Uellenden, Evergreen, i. 33. st. 4. Fr. indigiie, Lat. indign-tis. INDRAUGHT, s, A strong current, a sort of vortex. " The other part [of the flood tide] slips down by S.indwick shore, till it get in to the indraught of lioy Sound, where it becomes very strong." P. IJirsay, Orkney, Statist. Ace. xir. 315. Sii.G. indrag-a, to draw in. INDULT, J-. A papal indulgence, Fr. id. " At this tyme mony indultis & priuilegis war granted be the Palp for the liberte of haly kirk in Scotland." Belloud. Cron. B. xiii. c. 8. INEFFECTIONAT, adj. Candid, impartial. " Now wyl I appcle the conscience of the inef- feciionat & godlie roitarc diligentlle to consider: quhilk of thir twa bi2;i!;is maist trewlye and maist godlye cuuformc to Goddis worde on this funda. 1 meut ? quhair neuir twa of thir scditius men aggrcis togiddcr, nor yit ane of thaim with hym self." Ken> nedy of Crosraguell. p. 94. From in neg. and (iff'ec/ionate, q. without parti- cular attachment. L. B. ?>;ff/ree/zo,atFcctionisdefectus. INFAL, s. An attack, made in a hostile man- ner. " It is informed the rebels were at Drumclog the first of June being Sunday, upon Munday at the infal upon Glasgow, and at night they came to Ha. miltoun." Memorand. ap. Wodrow's Hist. ii. 34. Teut. /n-ra/, illapsus, ingressus, us; in-vaell-en, incidere, irruere, illabi; Kilian. INFANGTHEFE, X. i. A thief apprehended, by any baronial proprietor, within the limits of his own domain. " Infangthefc dicitur latro captus de hominibus suis propriis, saisitus de latrocinio : and out-fang. thief is atic forain thiefe, quha curais fra an vther mans lande or jurisdiction, and is taken and appre- hended within the lands pertcinand to him quha is infeft with the like liberty." Skene, Sign, iu vo. These terms have been borrowed by us from the O. E. laws, in which (hey are commonly used. The former occurs in the Sax. Chron. A. 963, where it is infaiigenthef. It is expl. by Lye, as both signifying the thief, and the right of judging him. It literally signifies, a thief taken icithin, i. e. within a man's jurisdiction; infangen being the part, pa, of /««o-- en, capere, to take, to apprehend, comp. vv;th the prep, in; as oulfatigcn literally signifies, taken icith- out one's bounds. 2. Used, in a secondary sense, to denote the pri- vilege conferred on a landholder, of trying and pursuing a thief taken within his territories. Outfongthefe had a similar secondary significa- tion. It bore this sense, not only in the time of Edw. the Confessor, (V. Leg. c. 26.) but even before his time; as appears from the passage already referred to in the Sax. Chron., where it is mentioned as a privilege, in the same manner as Saca and Socne,' Tolland Team ; Lambard. Hence in the laws of the Confessor it is thus expressed ; Justitia cognoscen- tis latronis sua est, de homine suo si captus fuerit super tcrram suaui. \\'licloc. p. 144. Whether it was indispensably requisite, that the thief should be, in all cases, the proprietor's liege man, docs not certainly appear. From what Skene observes, it would seem that some have supposed, that the phrase, used in our law, taken icilh the fang, i. e. with the stolen goods, had some relation to the terms under consi- deration. But they have no alTuiity, save that which arises from a common origin, both being from the same A. S. v. V. Fang. INFAR, Infare, s. l. An entertainment given to friends, upon newly entering a house. This word, as it occurs in The Bruce, in rel.i- tion to Douglas, Mr Pink, has rendered inroad. But the passage will not admit of this sense. He gert set wrychtis that war sleye, And in the halchc of L) ntaile He gert thaim mak a fayr mancr. I N G And quhen tlie houssis biggit wer, He gert ptirtcai/ him rycht wcill thar; For he thoucht to mak an infar. And to mak gud cher till his men. In Rychmound wes wonnand then The Erie that men callit Schyr Thomas. lie had inwy at the Dowglas. He herd how Dowglas thoucht to be At Lyntailey, and /£.>•/ to ma. Barbour, xvi. 340. MS. 2. The entertainment ntade for the reception of a bride in the bridegroom's house, S., as that given, before she leaves her father's, or her own, is called the Jbrthgeng, S. B. " The Lord Gordon, &c. convoyed thir parties, ■with many other friends and townsmen to their wed- ding. They got good cheer, and upon the 25th of October he brought over his wife to his own house in the Oldtown, where there was a goodly iiifare." Spalding's Troubles, ii. 54. A. S. tnfare, infaere, entrance, ingress ; infar. an, to enter; Belg. inrarir-en, id. INFIELD, rtdj. Infield land, arable land which receives manure, and, according to the old mode of farming, is kept still under crop, S. It is distinguished from Outfield. Both these terms are also used subst. Infield come, that which grows on infield land. " The ancient division of the land was into ?«- field., outfield, and fauchs. The infield was dunged every three years, for bear ; and the two crops that followed bear were oats invariably. The outfield was kept five years in natural grass ; and, after be. ing tathed by the farmer's cattle, who [which] were folded or penned in it, during the summer, it bore iive successive crops of oats." P. Keith-hall, Aberd. Statist. Ace. ii. 533. " Since the introduction of turnips, the farmers make it a general rule, not to take more than one, and never more than two crops of oats in succession, in their infield grounds." Ibid. — " In all teynding of cornes, that the same be teynded at three severall tymes evcrie ycaro, if the owners of the cornes shall think it expedient : To wit, the croft infield corne at ane tyme, the beere at ane uther tyme, and the outfield corne at the thrid tyme." Acts Ja. VI. 1606. c. 8. Murray. INFORTUNE, s. Misfortune, calamity. What was the caus God did destroy All creature in the time of Noy ? Quod he, I trembill for to tell That infortiuie, how it befell. Lyndsu/s fVarkis, p. 33. 1502. Fr. id. INGAN, s. Onion, S. And if frae hamc. My pouch produc'd an ingan head, To please my wame. Rainsai/s Poems, i. 305. INGER'S POCK, a quantity of all kinds of grain, as oats, barley, pease, 8tc. dried in a pot, and ground into meal, Loth. Inger is understood as signifying a gleaner ; per- haps allied to Teut. inglie, enghc, angustus, Su.G, I N G aew^.ff, prcmcre ; whence O. Teut. ?«^/ie/-, cngher, cxactio ; as denoting one in necessitous circum- stances ; or, one who procured his sustenance by exaction, q. the Sorncr\i pock. INGYNE, Engyne, Engenie, j. i. Ingenu- ity, genius. A fine ingyne., a good genius, S. Maist reuorcnd Virgil, of Latine poclis prince, Gem of ingyne, and Ihule of eloquence. Dong. Virgil, Pref. 3. 7. '• Some monuments of his eugenic, he [Gawan Douglas] left in Scottish meeter, which are greatly esteemed, especially his translation of Virgil his books of Aeneids." Spotswood's Hist. p. 101. 2. Disposition, habitual temper of mind. " This he did, not so much to please James Dou- glas, as he did rejoice to foster mischief, cruelty anil wikkitness, to which he was given allenarly, througli the impiety of his own ingyne." Pitscottie, p. 55. 3. Mind in general. " The infinite favour of God, which hath beeu ever ready to the just, has caused the victory to iu- clyne to us by [i. e. beside, or beyond] the expec- -tation of man's ingyne." Pitscottie, p. 30. 4. Scientific knowledge. I the behecht All manerc thing with solist diligence, — Sa fer as fyre and wynd and hie engyne Into our art may com))as or deuyne. Doug, f'irgil, 256. 27. Fr. engin, esprit, Gl. Roiiim. Rose. Teut. en- gien, Kiiian, Append. Lat. ingen-ium. To INGYRE, Ingire, v. a. To ingratiate one's self into the favour of another, or to introduce one's self into any situation, by artful methods. Quhat maner man, or quhilk of goddis, lat se. To moue batale constrenit has Ence ? Or to ingire himself to Latyne King, As mortalc fo, wythin his propir ring? Doug. I'irgil, 315. 13. Rudd. and Sibb. derive it from Fr. inger-er, to thrust in, to intrude, to insinuate. I am doubtful, if it be not rather from Lat. in and gyr-o, to turn round, q. to wind one's self into favour. INGLE, Ingil, s. Fire, S. A. Bor. Beet the ingle, mend the fire, Perths. Sum vtheris brocht the fontanis wattir fare, And sum the haly ingil with thame bare. Doug. Virgil, 410. 55. " The word Ingle, — to this day, is very often used for a fire by the common people all over this couii. try." P. Kirkpatrick-Irongray, Kirkciidb. Statist. Ace. iv. 532. Some silly superstition is connected with the use of this term in relation to a kiln. For the fire kin. died in it is always called the ingle, in the southern parts of S. at least. The miller is oti'endcd, if it be called the fire. This resembles that of brewers as to the term burn, used for water. A. Bor. ingle, " fire or flame;" Grose. Hence it has been observed, that " Engle or Ingle-Koaxi si'^nifies wood for firing." Ritson's Ane, Popul. Poet. Introd. to Adam Bel. 4 L 2 I N L 'I'hy reason sarours of reck, anil nothing else, Tlic'ti sentences of suit sa swcciiy smcls ; Thou sat so near the chimncy-Huiii that made 'em, Fast by the ingle, amang the oyster shells. Pukcart, fVat.ion's Coll. iii. 27. " The derivation of the word is unkiiowii, if it be not from Lat. ignis, whieh seems ralhcr improbable;" (t1. Sibb. But Gael, uingeul is rendered lire ; Shaw. Ingle-nook, s. The corner of the fireside, S. The ingle-nook supplies the simmer fields, An' aft as mony gleefu' maracnts yields. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 6. To INHABLE, v. a. To render unfit. " I speake not of they common faults quhilk arc common to all : but of sik faults as inhables the per- son of the gi iier, to be a distributer of the sacrament, & taks the office fra him." Bruce's Serm. on the Sacr. E. 2. b. Fr. inhabile, L. B. inhabil-is, id. inhabil-itarc, inhabilcm et inrapacem declarare; Gall, declarer in- habile ; Du Cange. INHADDIN, s. Frugality, S. B. q. holding in. V. Hald. That kind of fuel is called inhadclin eklin, S. B, ■which must be constantly held in to the fire, because so quickly consumed ; as furze, thorns, &c. INIOUE, «^'. Unjust, Fr. " 1 could not either be so iniqiie to the hononra- J)Ic fame of the godlie author : either so ingrate to the louiug propincrs." — VautroUier. H. Balnaues's Conf. Ep. Ded. A. 4, a. INKIRLIE. V, Enkerlv. To INLAKE, V. a. To want. " We »(/f(Ac nothing but hardiment and courage; chance, and fortune, which we think to essay, will supply the rest." Pilscottie, p. 5. To Inlake, v. n. To be deficient in whatever way ; as in measure, weight, or number, S. Ye, that sumtym hcs bene well stakit, Thoch of your geir sum be inlakit, Of this fals world tak never thocht. Maiiland Poems, p. 310. From in and'Wut. Iaeclc-e7i, diminucre; also, di- niinui, deficere. 2. To die. He inlakit this ??iorning, S. " I was liey'd that she had taen the wy tenon-fa, an' inlakit afore supper." Journal from London, p. 7. Ihrc informs us that Su.G. . P R. ii. 51. " He can say Jo, and think it no ;" S. Prov. " That is, he can pretend kindness, where he has none." Kelly, p. 144. It seems to be merely Yt.jot/e, Joie, used in tlie same manner as ?non joie, as a term of endear, ment, equivalent to darling, iny love, &c. It accordingly was anciently v;rittenjui/ ; and had been used in S. so early as the reign of James I. Than spak hir fallowis (hat liir kend ; Be still, my joy, and greit not. Peblin to the Play, st. 3. You Carle (quod slio) my Joy, dois beinly dwell. And all prouision hes within him sell. Scotland''' Lament. Fol. 5. We find this term used by the Q. Regfnt, when she attempted to sooth the Gentlemen of the West of S. adhering to the Reformation, who were irrita. ted because they had been ordered to repair to the Border. " Thair was hard nothing of the Queinis parte, but, ' My Joyia, my hairtis, what aillis yow ? Me menis no evill to yow, nor to your Preicheours : The Bischoppis sail do yow no wrang, ye ar all my luifing subjects." Knox's Hist. p. 94. Joyes, MS. I. I need scarcely observe, that the transition to joe was easy, the i being nearly lost in the Fr. mode of pronouncing joie. JOCKEY-COAT, s. A great coat, properly, one made of broad-cloth vi'ith wide sleeves, S. corr. to jouk-coat ; A. Bor., Grose. Evidently such a coat as jockeys were wont to wear ; as, for a similar reason, our fathers used to denominate a great coat, of a different form, a hus- sar-coat. JOCKY-LANDY, s. A nursery tn, ix. 11. 1^ 4. Warlike enterprise or expedition. Lang tyme eftir in Brucis weris he baid. On Inglissmen mone gitd iorne maid. Wallace, iii. 50. MS. He trettit hym wyth faire prayere, — That he wald wyth his powere-halc, Wyth hym in that^ourwe be. JVyntoatu, ix. 27. 279. It is used in the same sense by O. E. writers. Adelwolf his fader saued at that ilk iorne, & Ethelhert in the fclde his fader lete he se. How Dardan for his lance doun to the erth- went. it. Brunne, p. 18. Aucht iornes he wan. Ibid. 4M J () u J o u Fr. journce signifies both a day's work, and a battle, from jour, Ital. giorno, a day. As L;it. (l/cs, id. is the root of these words, whence iliiini. ii.t. softened to giarn-o ; Riidd. has properly ob- .served, that they are used, like dies, for any cele- brated battle fonght on a partieiilar day. .TOT, s. A job, an occasional piece of work, Shirr. Gl., S. B. Isl. gaat, cura. To JOT, V. a. To take short notes on any sub- ject, to be extended afterwards, S. Most probably from E. jut, a point, a tittle ; MoesG. /o^a, Gr. tarx, llcb. jod, the name of the smallest letter in the alphabet. Jotting, s. A memorandum ; more generally in -p^. jottings, short notes, S. JOUCATTE, JoucAT, .f. A measure mentioned in our old Laws. The term is now used as synon. with gill, or the fourth part of an E. pint. Loth. " Deccriiis and ordanis the Firlot to be augment- ed ; — and to conteine, nine-tene pintcs and U\a.jou- cattes." Acts Ja. VL 1587. c. 114. Murray. " Be just calculation and comptrolmcnt, the sa- niin extended to 19. pintes, and a.jucat.'" Ibid. Perhaps allied to Vj.Jugg, Da.n.jiigge, urna. JOUGS. s. pi. An instrument of punishment. V. JUGGS. JOUGS, s. pi. Bad liquors, S. B. synon. ^utc, V. To JOUK, JowK, JooK, V. n. 1. To incline the body forwards with a quick motion, in order to avoid a stroke or any injury, S. Sync hynt Kneas ane perrellus lance in hand, And it addressis fer furth on the land. To ane ^Magus, that subtell was aiid sle, Kndjotckit in vnder the spere as he, The schaft schakand fiew furth about his hedc. Duiig. f'irgil, 33G. U. 2. It is also applied to the bending or bowing of a tree, in consequence of a stroke. Hercules it smytis with an mychty touk, Apoun the richt half for to mak it joule, Inforsing him to welt it ouer the bra. Doug. Virgil, 249. 24. 3. To bow, to make obeisance. Sayand, That we ar heretyckis, And false loud lying mastis tykes, — Huirklaud with huidis into our neck, With Judas mynd to joule and beck, Scikand Christis pepill to devoir. Erie of Glencairne's Jipistill, Knox\ig, and delay, — Full mony thingis reuoluithe in thocht; Syne on that were man ruschit he in tene. Doug. Virgil, 352. 40. 2. Artful conduct, dissimulation, S. Hence the phrase, ajoukittg lozcn, a deceitful fel- low ; also applied to one who is sycophantish and addicted to dissimulation, S. Germ, zucker, one who starts back. JouKRY-PAWKRY, s. Trick, deception, jug- gling, S. — The sin o' Nauplius, Mair useless na himsell, Wis jouckrij-pauckry finding out, To weir did him compell. Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 5. V. JowK. To JOUNDIE, JuNDiE, V. a. To jog with the elbow, S. junnie, S. B. Your fump'ring waken'd me, And I yoMjoundipd, that ye might be free. Ross's Helenore, p. 43. V. Hog-shouthee. Bailey mentions shunt as an E. word, signifying to shove. Phillips calls it " a country-word," as thus used. Both seem allied to Isl. skund-a, festinus eo pracccps, med skynde praecipitanter. Sw. sh/nd.a J o w (proii. siiinila) signifies not only to hasten, but to push forward. Jumlu\ indeed, often means, to jog one in consequence of ijuick motion in passing. It may have primarily denoted celerity of motion. V. letter J. JouNDiE, .luNDiE, s. A push with the elbow, S. " If a man's gaun down the brae, ilk. ane gi'es him ajuiidie ;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 41. JOURDAN, JoRDA>f, s. In ludicrous lan- guage, a chamber-pot, S. 'I'he word is used by Chaucer, in an address to a medical gentleman. And eke thyn urinals, and thy Jonlanes, Thin ypocras, aud eke thy galianes. Pardoner's Prol. v. 12239. Tyrwhitt has the following Note. " This word is in Walsinghani, p. 288. Duae ollac, quas Jor. (lanes vocamus, ad ejus collum colligantur. This is part of the punishment of a pretended Phisictis et astrvlogus, who had deceived the people by a false prediction. Holllnshed calls them tmojorden pots, p. 440." Wo find the same word used by Langland as a personal appellation. Describing a gluttonous priest, he says ; I shall iangle to thys Jurdan with hys iuste wombe, To tel me what pcnaunce is, of which he prcch. ed rathe. P. Ploughman, F. 65. b. Both Skinner and Junius render it by malula, a chamberpot, deriving it from A.S. gor, stercus, fi- inus, and den cubile, q. a receptacle of tilth. Lang- land Hses it raetaph. as Plautus does matida, to de- note a silly coxcomb. Juste cannot be understood in its common signi. fication. For it conveys an idea very different. It is most probably allied to Isl. iitirr, Su.G. isler. huk, Dan. ister-bug, paunch, fat-guts. JOURNELLIE, adv. Daily, continually, pro- gressively. All men beginnis for till die, The day of their natiuitie; And Journell/e they do proceid. Till Atropus cut the fatell threid. Ljjndsaj/'s If'arkis, 1692. p. 9. Fr.Journalier, daily, continual. V. Jorneye. To JOW, V. n. 1. To move from side to side ; tojow on, to jog on, to move forward in a slow and rocking way, S. 2. To toll. The bell jows, or is jowin, the bell tolls, S. ; Sibb. writes it also yoW. Now clinkumbcll, wi' ratlin tow. Begins iojozs and croon. Burns, iii. 38. The storm was loud ; in Oran-kirk The bells t)\cyjois)'d and rang. Jamieson's Popul. Ball. i. 232. Perhaps from Teut. schuyv-en, loco movere, pel- Icre, volvere; as applied to a bell, originally de- noting the motion of it. V. v. a. To Jow, V. a. To move, S. B. Sac, hear me, lass, ye mauna think To Jon; me wi' the sight o' chink.-^ Shirrefs' Poems, p. 355. . J o \v 2. " To ring or toll a large bell by the motion of its tongue ;" Gl. Sibb. It has been said, that (he word " includes both the swinging motion and the pealing sound of a large bell." But this is not the general acceptation. In a steeple or belfry, which has become crazy through age, it is said, that they dare not ring the bells, lest they should bring down the steeple; they can only Jozo them ; i. e. they dare not give them the full swing. Sometimes a bell is said to be joiti- ed, when it receives only half the motion, so that the tongue is made to strike only on one side. — " That all uianeir of persouns — have reddy their fensabill geir and waponnis for weir, and compeir thairwith to the said I'rcsidentis, at jozciing of the common bell, for the keiping and defenss of the town aganis any that wald invaid the samyn." Ex- tract Council Kec. Kdin. A. 1516. 3. To ring ; improperly used. " The said Freir Alexander thane being in Dun- die, without delay he returned to St. Androiss, caussit immediatlie to juw the bell, and to give sig- nilicatiouu that he wald preiche." Knox's Hist. p. 17. Jow, s. A single stroke in the tolling of a bell, S» She had not gane a mile but twa, When she heard the deid-bell knellan j And everyey'oK! the deid-bell gcid, Cried, VVae to Barbara Allan. Sir John Grelime, Percj/'s Reliques, iii. 110. JOW, s. A juggler. In Scotland than, the narrest way. He come, his cunning till assay; — The Jow was of a grit engyne. And generit was of gyans. Dunbar, Bunnaft/ne Poems, p. 19. st. 4. Lord Ilaiies is certainly right in viewing the word in this sense; especially as it is said, with respect to his skill in alchemy ; In pottingry he wrocht grit pyne. " It would also seem, that Quene of Jnzcis, Banm MS. p. 136., means Queen of magicians," or rather, " of impostors." Kennedy, in his Flj/iing, close- ly connects joze awAjugglour. Judas, Joze, Jugglour, Lollard lawreat. St. 35. Edin. edit. 1508. This seems formed from Fr.jou-er, to play ; also,, to counterfeit the gestures of another. Jouer de passe.passe, to juggle. The Fr. word is perhaps radically allied to Teut. gui/ch, sanna, irrisio. JOW-JOWRDANE-HEDED, adj. Bot fow\, Juzcjurdane-heded jevels. Dunbar, Mai/land Poems, p. 109. Joi!) seems to refer to the JokI or side of the head, S. Jozc. The idea may be, that the pcrsons^ described had heads formed like pots. V. Jour- dan. lOWIS, s.pl. Jaws. His hede couerit, to saif hym fra the dynt. Was with ane wolfis hidduous gapand iozsis. Doug. Hrgil, 388. 50. Fr. Joue, the cheek ; which seems radically the same with A. S. ceo/e, the jowl. To JOWK, v. n. To juggle, to play tricks. 4 M2 J n X lie coiiUl wirk wiiidarls, quhat way that lie wald ; iNlak a gray giis a gold gailaml, A laiig spore of a l)ittill for a brrno bald, Nobis of nntsclu'llis, and silver of sand, Thus jozc/cit witli juxters the jaiiglano Jii. lloiilalc, iii. 11. MS. Mr Pink, renders the term juhcd, and juxters, jokers. But accordiiij; to the sense of the w ordjuie in E., this is not the idea here expressed. Juzc/cit evidently signifies, " played such tricks as are com- mon (o jugglers." The word, as here nscd, may be radically tlic same with Joitk, q. v. But although there is a very near approximation in sense, I am rather inclined to view it, because of the peculiar signification, as formed from Germ, giiiicli, histrio, ludio, praesti. giator. Teut. ^H^r, sanna, irrisio ; Belg. ^«^(7(, a wry niondi. For, as Wachter has observed, gutich- cl-cn an{i jociLen are merely difi'erences of dialects. Kilian, in like manner, g'lws jongleur and giiijdieler as synon. Jiixter is evidently formed itomjozck, q. joickster. 1 hesitate yihci\\cr jotikrii-pai^kry ought not to be immediately referred to this d. To IRK, ■y. n. To tire, to become weary. The small fute folk began to irk ilkane, And horss, of forss, behutiyt for to faill. Wallace, vii. 761. MS. I wat neuer quhidder JVIy spous CrcHsa remanit or we com bidder, Or by some fate of goddis was reft away, Or gif sche errit or irkit by the way. Doug. Virgil, 63. 23. — P'rravitne via sen lusia resedit iuccrtum — Virg. The E. t'. is used in an active sense. Johns, de- rives it from Isl. ifrk, work, although the terms convey ideas diametrically opposite. V. the adj. Irk, adj. Indolent, regardless. In my yowthheid, allace! I wes full irk. Could not tak tent to gyd and govcrne me Ay gude to do, fra evil! deids to lie. Henrjjsone, Haniiatijne Poems, p. 135. A.S. earg, piger. V. Ekgh. Or perhaps it has still a stronger meaning here, " bad, wicked," es- pecially as it follows: Eulfilland evir my scnsualitie In deidly syn, &c. Germ, arg, malus, pravns : Isl. ergi, Sw. argheef, malitia. This corresponds to Alem. argun gilusti, pravi cupiditates; Otfrid. ap- Wacht. IRNE, Yrn, Airn, ,f. I. Iron., pron. «•«, S. And had not bene at othir his wit was thyn, Or (lian the falls of the goddis war contrary ; He had assayit but ony langare tary Hid Grekis coucrt with (//« to haue rent out. Dong. I'irgil, 40. 25. " It is sfatutc^that all Frouestis, Aldermen, Baillies and Olficiaris of Biirrowis, serche and seik vpone all mercat dayis and vlhir tymes necessare, all persounis that can be apprehendit, hauand fals mo- ney, or counterfatis the King's Iriiis of cuinyie." Acts Ja. V. 1540. c. 106. Edit. 1566. ■2. In //. fetters ; sometimes written mwj. ISC Then shoulder high with shout and cry, Wc bore him down the ladder lang ; At every stride Red Rowan made, I wot the Kinmont's aims played clang I Miii^trelsij liorder, i. 152. 3. New aff the irnes, a phrase used with respect to one who has recently finished his studies, S. It had been originally applied to workman, ship ; as synon. with Teut. hrandnieuiv, vier- niei-v, recens ab officina profectum, Kilian. Its determinate application seems to have been to money newly struck, which retained not only the impression but the lustre. " — The money new devised — sail bee deliuered to them agane, after the same be pas/ the [roues, in nianer foresaid." Acts Ja. VI. 15SI. c. 106. A. S. iren, Irene; but more intimately allied to Isl. tarn, Sn.G. ieru, id. IRRESPONSAL, adj. Insolvent. " But they shall prove irrespousal debtors : and therefore it is best here, wc look ere we leap." — Rutherford's Lett. p. 1. ep. 153. IRRITANT, adj. Rendering null or void ; e forensic term. " The Lordis declaire, that in all tyme cnming, thay will juge and decide upon clausis irritant, conteint in contractis, takis, infeftmentis, bandis and obligationis, according to the wordis and mein- ing of the said clausis irritant, and efter the forme and tenor thairof." Acts Sedt. 27 Nov. 1592. L. B. irritare, irritnm faccre ; irritatio, rescissio, abrogatio ; from Lat. irritus, void, of no force. IRUS, Ikows, adj. Angry. For caws ttiat he past til Twlows, Agayne hym thai ware all irozos. IVijntoicn, vii. 7. 206. Perhaps immediately from Lat. tra; although this would seem radically allied to A.S. irra, angry, irr- ian to be angry, yrsiiiga, angrily. Irusly, adv. Angrily, with ire. The King, that hard his messynger, Had dispyt apon gret maner. That Schyr Aymer spak sa heyly : Tharfor he ansueryt irusly. Harbour, viii. 144. ]MS. IS, term. The mark of the genitive sing., as mains, of man, tbe kingis, of the king, &ic. now written mail's, ki/ig^s. It has been pretty generally supposed, that this term is i)ut for liis. Hence many writers have used this form, " the king his power," kc. But there is not the least reason to doubt, that this is the proper term, of ihe gen., and thus a vesiige, among some others, of the ancient declinable form of our lan- guage. It corresponds to A. S. es, used in the^iame manner, as Duvides suna, HIius Davidis. V. Lye, vo. Es. This is also the most common term, of Germ, nouns in gen. sing. The Belg. uses es and s, Sw. s ; MoesG. .j, ais and ins. There is :in evident analogy in the frequent use of j Gr. and is Lat. To ISCH, IscHE, -v. 71, To issue, to come out. And in bataill, in gud aray, Befor Sanct Jhonystoun com thai, I T II And bad Schyr Araery isch to Tycht. Barbour, ii. 248. MS. O. Fr.i/ss-ir, id. V. v. a. To IscHE, V. a. To clear, to cause to issue. " An maisser shall ischc the council-house." Acts Ja. V. c. 50. i. e. clear it, by putting out all who have no business." Seren. vo. Is.tuc, refers to li\. i/s.u,yt-a, expelltTC, trudfre; which, he says, are derived from ut, foras, abroad, out of doors. Ische', s. Issue, liberty and opportunity of going out. The schyl riuer bait Ufens Sekis with narrow passage and disccns, Amyd how Talis, his renk and iscfic. Dung. Firgil, 237, b. 10. ISE, I shall. But she but jamphs me telling me I'm fu' ; And gin't be sae. Sir, he be jiidg'd by you. Rons's lleleiiore, p. 117. ISECHOKILL, s. An icicle, S. iceshogk, S. A. synon. tangle. Furth of the chyn of this ilk hasard auld Gretc fludis ischis, and ityf isescliokillis cald Doune from his stcrue and grisly bcrd hyngis. Doug. Hrgil, 108. 30. But wi' poortith, hearts, het as a cinder, Will cald as an iceshogle turn ! Bev. J. Nicol's Poems, ii. 158. A. S. fce-gicel, Teut. ij shekel, Belg. yskegel, Isl. is digull., id.jake, a\so,ysejake, fragmcntum glaciei; (i. Andr. Cikel, kekcl, and kegel, seem to have the same signification with digull, as denoting any thing that is hardened by cold, quod gelu concrassata est, from dijg-r crassns. The name given to the black hardened knot at a child's nose, S. B. may perhaps be a vestige of the sauic Isl. term. It is called a douiie. G. Andr makes digull the same with din- gull. V. Tangle. ISILLIS, IsELS, />/. Embers ; ashes. V. F-IZEL. ISK, IsKiE, interj. The word used in calling a dog, S. 1 cry'd, '^lik! isk ! poor Ringwood, sairy man :" He wagg'd his tail, cour'd near, and lick'd my han'. Rainsuj)''s Poems, ii. 9. On this term Lambe has a very fanciful idea. •' When the shepherds call their dogs, it is usual with them to cry, isca, isca, which is evidently an abbreviation of Lt/cisca, the name of the Roman shepherd's dog. multum latrante Li/cisea. Virg. Eel. 3." AV'ith far greater verisimilitude it ha:, been said, that this is from Fr. icy, hither; the word which French- men use for the same purpose. It may be observed, liowever, that Teut. aes, aesken, and Germ, ess, sig- nify a dog. ITHAND, Ythen, Ythand, adj. l. Busy, di- ligent, unremitting at work ; S. cident. As now used, it generally includes the idea of I T n greater industry than progress. Thus it is said. He has nue great throw-pit, but he\s very eident. ICucry rode and went Wox of thare ythand werk hait, quliare they "■ent. Doug. Virgil, 114. 4. " —The soules of the Sanctes departed ar mair ydunt in this exercise, then when they wer aliue." Bruce's Eleven Serm. O. 3. b. " I would hae written you lang ere now, but I hae been sae eident writing journals that I hae been quite forfoughten wi' them." Journal from Lon- don, p. 1. 2. Steady, uniform in adhering to a purpose. Tharfor he said, that thai that wald Thair hartis undiscumfyt liald, Suld ay thynk ententely to bryn" All tliair cn|)rcss to gud ending. As quhile did Cesar the worthy. That traweillyt ay so besyly, "With all his mycht, folowing to mak To end the purposs that he «ald tak. — Men may se be h\s ythen will. And it suld als accord to skill, That quha taiss purpos sekyrly. And followis it syne ententily, — . Bot he the mar be wnhappy, lie sail eschew it in party. Barbour, iii. 285. MS. 3. Constant, uninterrupted, continual. " In the tyme of peace, thay ar so accustomit with thift, that thay can nocht desist, but iuuadis the cuntre with ithand heirshippis." Bellend. Descr. Alb. e. 5. VVytht-in that yle is ythand nycht, Wytht-owtyn ony dayis lycht. IVyntozon, i. 13. 73. R. Glouc. uses ythen, according to Ilearne, as signifying lusty. That chyld wax so wel & ythen, as scyde fremde & sybbe, That he wolde be a noble mon, gyf he muste lybbc. p. 316. It might seem to signify constantly, as signifying that his growth was without interruption. But as there is no evidence that this word was used in E., perhaps rather from A. S. gethogen, qui crevit, adul- tus, V. the V. This word implies that one is constant at work, while employed in it, as contrasted with one who trilles while pretending to work. Jauking is oppos« ed to it. Rudd. derives it from A. S. eith, easy ; or rather from gcthean, Germ, gedeyen, Belg. gedyen, to grow, to flourish. But these terms set in to have no allinity. The origin is Su.G. Isl. idin, labori- ous, industrious; idia, idne, employment, laiiour, industry ; whence idn-a, to be assiduous : all from id, work, business, exercise. Su.G. idkelig, from the same origin, immediately from idk-a to exercise, signilies not men ly diligent, but continual ; as, idkcliga pino, conlinual pain ; Isl. idcliga besii-ar, continual labours, idilik conlinually. The V. in Su.CJ. is id-a, also id-us. [din may be viewed as originally the part. pr. idand, working. J U N This expresses the very idea still atiatlicd to tlie (crm in our language. We say of an industrious person; Ilc^s arte idunt crea/urc. Isl. idnir inen^ lioini[ios in- dnstrii. Ithandly, Ythanly, Ithinglie, euh. 1. Busi- ly, diligently ; S. eidentlie. Thus jouriiait gentilly thyr chuvalrousc knichtis Ilhundljj ilk day, Throu mony fir contray. GuKan and Gul. i. 18. • — Ythandlij syne he Driuls throw lludis of tlie stormy se. Doug. I'h-gil, 321. 17. 2. Constantly, without interruption. Thai said that he, sen yhystirday, Duelt in his chanibyr ythanly, With a clerk with him anerly. Barbour, ii. 57. MS. The Eneadanis all of his menye Ithandly and vnirkit luflit haue I. Doug, f'irgil, 479. 22. So dentit wer hir cheikis cruellie, By trimbling teircs, distilling ithinglie Out from hir eis Maitland Poems, p. 246. yTHRANGIN,/.rrf. v. Thrust upwards. V. Thring, v. a. JUCAT, s. A measure. V. Joucate. JUFFLER, s. Shuffler. V. Homelty-jomelty. JUGGS, JoUGS, JoGGES, s.pL An instrument of punishment of the same kind with the pillory ; the criminal being fastened to a wall or post, by an iron collar which surrounds his neck, S. " Of the same nature was a tall wooden post, with two cross arms affixed to it, and an iron collar, for encircling the necks of offenders, called the J ougs, suspended by a chain at the side of if, which stood on a stone pedestal in a public jiart of the present town. It was called the Trone, and goods sold in the public market were weighed at it." P. Hamil. ton, Lanarks. Statist. Ace. ii. 210. V. also xiv. 370. N. This may be derived from Lat. jng.um, a yoke. But perhaps it is rather allied to l»elg. kaak, Dan. iaag. V. CocKSTULE. IVIGAR, s. The Sea Urchin. Orbes non habens, Echinus Marinus, Orcadensi- bus Ivigar. Sibb. Scot. p. 26. " The common people reckon the meat of the Sea Urchin, or Ivegan, as they call them, a great rari. ty, and use it oft instead of butter." Wallace's Orkney, p. 41. The only conjecture T can form, as to this word, is that it is a corr. of the old Goth. name. Isl. igull denotes a hedgehog; echinus, G. Andr. p. 131. Now, it may have been comp. with haf, the sea, q. huf-igull ; like Germ, mcer-igcl, id. JUM, ad/. Reserved, not affable, S. Humdrum is nearly synon. .'lUNCTLY, JuNTLY, adv. Compactly. On Settirday on to the bryg thai raid, Oft'gud playne burd was weill a.i\tijunclly maXd. Wallace, vii. 1147. MS. JUS V liundreth men in harnes rychtjunlly, Thai wsclict furth to mak a jeperty At the south part, apon Scot and Dundass. Wallace, xi. 857. MS. Q. conjunctly. JUNDIE, JUNNIE, S. A push. V. JoUNDIE. To JUNE, nj. a. To join. This is uniformly used by Bellenden. JUNT, J-. A large piece of meat, bread, or any thing else, S. perhaps originally q. a joint of meat. — Twa gQoAjunts of beef, Drew whittles frae ilk sheath. Ramsay\i Poems, i. 267. Ajunt o' beef, baith fat an' fresh, Aft in your pat be todliti' ! A. Douglas''s Poems, p. 67. L. B. juncla or Junctum, however, is used for some kind of measure of salt; Monastic. Ant^lic. ap. Du Cange. JUPE, s. ] . A kind of short mantle or cloak for a woman, S. The term in this sense is now nearly obsolete. 2. A wide or great coat, S. Gl. Sibb. 3. The term, if I mistake not, is used for a bed- gown, Clydes. 4. Jtipes, pi. a piece of flannel, used instead of stays, Ang. nearly in the same sense with E. Jumps. Fr.jupe, a shepherd's frock, along coat; L. B. jupp-a,jop-a, Ital. giubb-a, giub-one, ll\i\i.Jub.on ; Teut. juype, Isl. Su.G. kjiip, tunica, from hyp.ia involvere, w hich seems the radical term. JUPPERTY, .Ieperty, s. l. A warlike enter- prise, which implies both art and danger. Me think ye wald biythly That men fand yow sum Jeperty, How ye mycht our the wallis wyn. Barbour, x. 539. MS. Thir manere of renkis and iuppertyis of batall Ascaneus hautit, and broucht first in Itale. Doug. Virgil, 147. 32. 2. A battle, or conflict ; used in a general sense, — All hale the wyctory The Scottis had of thin Jupurdy ; And few wes slayne of Scottis men. Wyntoicn, viii. 13. 166. It has been viewed as formed from P"r. Jeu perdu, q. a lost game. Tyrwhitt derives Jupartie, as used by Chaucer, from Vv.Jeu parti, properly a game in which the chances arc even. Hence it was used to denote any thing uncertain or hazardous. Se nous les voyons a Jeu parti. Froissart, Vol. I. c. 234. V. Tyrwhitt in vo. JUSTlCOAT, s. A waistcoat with sleeves, S. B. Vr. Juft-au-corps, a close coat. To JUSTIFIE, -v. a. To punish with death, in whatever way. " He gart strik the heydis fra them of Capes that var in |)reson in Theane, and syne past to Calles to gar exsecut justice on the remanent. He beand ther JUS aryuit, lie gart bryng furtht (he presoners to be iiis. iijiei:'' Compl. S. p. 177. 178. It seems lo bo used in the same sense by the Bishop of Dniikold. And thay war folk of knawlcdge as it scniit; Als into Venus Court full fast thay demit; Sayand, Yone lustie Court will stop or meit To j'lstijie this bysning quhilk blaspheuiit. i'alice of Honour, ii. 7. Edin. edit. 1379. " Thir conspirators desired, at all times, to have this Duke [of Albany] put to death. — There came a French ship out of I'" ranee hastily into Scotland with secret writings to the Duke, wlio was then in prison in the castle of Edinburgh, to advertise him that it •was concluded by the King and counsel, that he should hcjustified on a certain day, which was the day after the ship strake in the Road of Leith." Pitscottie, p. 83. " On the morrow this child wrs jusfifyft in pre- sence of niony pepil." BcUend. Cron. Fol. 28. a. Mulfis conspicientibus /i/rca postca est suspensus; Boeth. This sense of the word, directly contrary to the modern meaning, is borrowed from L. B. jusiific- arc, mcritis poeuis alhcere, debito sup[)licio plectere. Fr.justic~ier is used in the same sense. In a letter from James IV. of Scotland to Charles VII. of France, we have these words : Principalcs vcro rebclles qui in eodem castro invenii fuerunt, poena M\si)em\i\ jit yii/icavimus ; we hayejustijied by hanging. V. Un Cange. The use of this term is analogous to that of L. B. rectare, a/rectare, rendered in our Laws, to do right, i. e. to make satisfaction by punishment. V. AllETTYT. Justifying, s. Subjection to capital punish- ment. " The Earl also shew himself familiar, at that time, with the Duke and King, and did what he could to save the Lords hoTajustifying in the King's fury." Pitscottie, p. 82. JUSTRY, s. 1. Justice, equity. Than pray we all to the Makar abow, Quhilk has in hand offjustri/ the ballance, That he ts grant of his der lestand lowe. {Va/lace,\i. 101. MS. J u \ 2. The justice eyre, court of justice. This Alysandyr Kyiig of Scotland Wes throwcht the kynryk traveland, Ilaldaiid Courtis and Justrys, And chastyd in it all Reverys. . ,. , ffi/nfoz^n, vii. 9. 21!). _ According to this sense, it may be a eorr. of L B juslitKiru, the name given to judges in criminal causes, or itinerant ; or of Ju^titiare, officium justi. tiarn ; Du Cange. ■* To JUTE, ^.fl. To tipple. Jutting and drink. ing IS a phrase commonly used with respect to tipplers, S. The word has originally respected the act of pour zng out hquor, that it might be drunk ; MoesG giut.an, Su.G. giut.a, A. S. geot^an, fondere. v' lET, V. Jute, Joot, s. A term expressive of sour or dead liquor, S. She ne'er ran sour jute, because It gees the batts. " Ramsay's Poems, i. 229. Jouf, Fergusson's Poems, ii. 42. This may have the same origin with the v. Bele jucht, however, denotes slight beer; and Su g" gj/ttia, mud, properly what is left after an inunda^ tion, from giut-a, fundere. JuTTlE, s. A tippler, Ang. To JuTTLE, V. n. To tipple. To juttk and drink, S. JUTE, J. A term of reproach applied to a wo- man, nearly of the same import with jade Clydes. * Langland uses the same term to denote persons of the lowest rank. Sowters and shepeherds, & such lewed>//ej Percen wyth a Fater noster the palaice of heauen. And passen Purgatori penaunceles, at her hence parting. P. Ploughman, Fol. 52. b. Perhaps it means, dregs, from giut-an, Sic. men- tioned above. JUXTER, s. A juggler, V. JowK. K A Y K A I K. Words not found under tlils letter may be sought under C. Tliis letter is used in the formation of diminutives. Thus in Germ., funk scintilla, igniculus, is derived from /o?j ignis ; mennike, maenki, homunculus (E. mannikin) from man. In Sclav, synk liliolus, from sijn filius, a son. V. Wacht. Pro!. Sect. 6. vo. K. Kl. Similar examjiles occur in S. ; as Stirk., q. v. In different counties, and especially in the West of S., oc or ock is used as a termination of names when given to children, as Jeimock, from James, &c. also of nouns which have a similar application ; as lassock, a little girl or lass. It has been observed, indeed, that the S. language possesses two, in some instances, three, degrees of di. niinution, expressive ofdiflerenceofage, relation, size, &c. In Clydes. where the father is James, the son is Jamie, the grandson J amuck. From man are formed 7Hannie, a little man, maimoci, one who is decrepit or very diminutive, and mannikin, as in E. , a dwarf. While /ad signifies a youth or stripling, laddie de- notes one under the age of puberty, laddock a boy who has not yet gone to school, laddikin a boy in arms. Dr. Geddcs mentions four diminutives; as from lass, — lassj/, lassik, lassitj/, and lassih'n. Trans. Soc. Antiq. S. \). 418. f'Vi/ie, zcifoct, and leifoctie are derivatives from E. wife. The latter is common, ' S. B. It seems also occasionally used in forming ludi. crous designations ; as claggock, a woman who has her gown clogged with mire; plujjok, a child's toy. KA, s. V. Kay. KABBELOW, s. Cod-fish, wliich has been salt- ed and hung for a few days, but not thorough- ly dried, Ang. lielg. kabbdiauK, Germ, kabbeliau, Sw. kabeljo, Dan. kubel-jao, cod-fish. KAY, Ka, Kae, s. a jack-daw, monedula , S. Thik was the clud of ka^jis and crawls. Dunbar, Bannatijne Poems, p. 21. st. 12. Sa fast dcclynys Cynthia the mone. And kai/is keklys on the rufe abone. Doug, k'irgil, 202. 13. Bark like ane dog, and kekil like ane ka. Lj/ndsafs Warkis, 1592. p. 187. Burns writes Kae, iii. 25. Tent, kae, A. S. ceo, Alem. ha, Belg. ka, kauzce, Su.G. kaja, Norw. kaae, kai/e, Hisp. gajo, Fr. gay, id. This bird is also by the vulgar called ka wattie, kay voattiey S. B. This name would appear formed from Tcut. kaawett-en, voclferarl instar monedulae, garrire ; to cry, or chatter like a jackdaw. Hence, Kay-witted, adj. Hare-brained, half-witted, S. ; q. giddy as a jack-daw. KAIL, Kale, s. l. The herb In E. called cole- wort, S. It is used indeed as a sort of generic- name, not only denoting all the species of colewort, but also cabbages, which are denomi- nated how-kail. " There is kail, potatoes, turnip, and every kind of garden roots." P. Golspy, Suthcrl. Statist. Ace. ix. 29. V. Grap, v. Isl. Dan. kaal, id. Sw. kaal, cabbage. The Isl. word kaal is used in a singular connex- ion, in the answer made by Olafe, Son of Harold, King of Norway, to Canute the Great. When the latter had conquered England, he sent messengers to Olafe, requiring that, if he wished to retain posses. sion of the crown of Norway, he should come and acknowledge himself to be his vassal, and hold his kingdom as a. feu from him. Harold replied ; " Ca- nute alone reigns over Denmark and England, having also subdued great part of Scotland. Now, he en- joins me to deliver up the kingdom left in inheritance by my ancestors : but he must moderate his desires. Edrhvertmun hann cinn actla at eta kaal alUa Eng- landi? Fyrr mun hann thai orku, enn ec faera ho- 7wm hofot mitt, edr oc veita honom nc cina lotning." Literally ; " Does he allane ettlc to eat all the kail of England ? First mon he work this, ere I raise up my held to him, or lout to him or any vthir." Sturl. lleims. Kr. Johns. Antiq. C. Scand. p. 276. 2. Broth made of greens, but especially of cole- worts, either with or without meat, S. The Monks of Melros made gude kaill On Friday when they fastit. Spec. Godly Sangs, p. 37. On thee aft Scotland chows her cood, In souple scones, the wale o' food! Or tumblin in the boiling flood Wi' kail an' beef. Burns, iii, 13. " As many herbs were put into the Scotch kinds of broth, hence kail — came to signify broth." Sir J. Sinclair's Obscrv. p. 147. Kail-brose, s, a sort of pottage made of meal and the scum of broth, S. V. Brose. Kail-stock, s. A plant of colewort, S» They felled all our hens and cocks, K A 1 And rooted out our kail-stocks. ColviPs Mock Poem, P. 1. p. 59. Then first and foremost, tliro' the kail Their stais maun a' be sought ance. llallomeen, Biirtis, iii. 126. Sw. iaalstoi, the stem or stalk of cabbage ; Wideg. Dan. iaal'lili, id. Kail-gully, s. A large knife, used in the coun- t ry, for cutting and shearing down coleworts, S. A lang kail-gully hang down by his side. Jumiesun's I'vptil. Ball. i. 302. Kail-runt. V. Runt. Kail-wife, s. A green-woman, S. a common figure for a scold. I(s folly with kail-u:ives to flyte ; Some dogs bark best after they bite. Clelaiid's Puems, p. 112. Truth could not get a dish of fish, For cooks and iail-rcives baith refus'd him, Because he plaiiited of their disli. Peniiecuii' s Poems, p. 86. " The queans was in sik a firry.farry, that they began to niisca' ane anither \i\i.c iail-zcives." Jour, nal from London, p. 8. Kail-yard,.?. A kitchen-garden; thus denomi- nated, because colewort is the principal article in the gardens of the common people, S. " The Society schoolmaster has a salary of 101. with a dwelling-house and school-house, — a kail- yard, with an acre of ground." P. Far, Sutherl. Statist. Ace. iii. 542. Sw. kaulgard, a garden of cabbage ; also, a gar. den of herbs ; Wideg. To KAIM, Kame, Keme, v. a. To comb, S. part. pa. hemmyt^ combed. Oft plet scho garlandis for his fyndis hie, The dere also full oft tyme kcma wald sche ; And fele syis wesche in till ane fontane clere. Doug. Hrgil, 22-1. 34. O wha will kame my yellow hair, With a new made si!v<'r kame ? Mintirelsy Border, ii. 58. «* Kame seenil, kame sair ;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 47. Chaucer uses kemhe. Kembc thine head right jolily. Rom. Rose. To kame against the hair, to oppose, S. But when they see how I am guided here, They winna stand to reckon lang 1 fear. For tho' 1 say't mysell, they're nae to kame Against the hair, a-fieldward or at hame. Ross''s Hclenore, p. 105. Kaim, s. A comb, S. But she has stown the king's redding kaim, Likewise the queen her wedding knife, And sent the token.s to Carmichael, To cause young Logie get his life. Minstrelsy Border, i. 246. Su.G. Dan. Belg. kum, A. S. camb, Alem. camf, Isl. camb.ur, id. Kam ester, .f. A woolcomber. V. Keme. KAIM, s. A low ridge, Lanarks. K A T Su.G. kam, vertex, apex, used to denote the sum- mit of a house. In Mod. Sax. kum signifies the sum. mit of a mound. Idiot. Ilamb. p. 365. ap Ihre. Some suppose, that this is an oblique sense of kam, as signifying either a cock's comb, or the crest of a helmet. Ihre contends that it is radically a diifcrent word; and probably of the same family with Fr. cime, the highest part of a mountain, of a house, of a tree, &c. This has been deduced from L. B. cim. a, denoting the summit of trees and herbs; which, Isidor. says, is q. coma; Orig. 1260. 59. KAYME, Kame, s. A wax kayme., a honey- comb, MS. cayme. He gert men mony potlis ma, Otf a fute brcid, round; and all tha Wer dep wp till a manuys kue; Sa thyk, that thai mycht liknyt be Til a wax cayme, that beis mais. Barbour, xi. 368. MS. — Of thare kynd thame list swarmis out bryng, Or in kamcs incluse thare houy dene. Doug. Virgil, 26. 32.. A. S. h •nig-camb. KAIN, Kain-fowls. V. Cane. KAIR, J'. A mire, a puddle, Fife, carre, A. Bor. a hollow place where water stands ; Ray. Sw. kiuerr, Isl. kiarmyrar, paludes. Verel. Ind. KAIRD, .f. A gipsey. V. Caird. KAIRS, s.pl. Rocks through which there is an opening, S. A. S. carr, a rock. These are also called skairs. V. Skair. KAISART, J'. A cheese-vat, or wooden vessel in which the curds are pressed and formed into cheese ; also called chiaaard; S. B. Teut. kuesc-horde, id. fiscelhi, fiscina, casearia ; Kilian. One might almost supjiose that the Isl. re. tained the radical word, whence Lat. cus-cus, Teut. iaese, E. cheese, Sec. are derived. For Isl. keys de. notes the stomach or maw whence the rennet, S. earning, is formed: aqualicuhis, quo lac coagulari et incaseari possit. Kacser, condimentura lactis ad coagnlandum ex visceribus vituli ; kiaestr, incasea- fus ; G. Andr. KAY-WATTIE, .^ A jack-daw. V. Kay. KAY-WITTED, adj. Brainisb, hot-headed, hair-brained, S. V. Kay. K ANNIE, «^'. Prudent, &c. V.. Canny. KAR, adj. Left-handed. V. Ker. KARL. V. Carl. KARRELYNG. V. Caralyngis and Carol- EWYN. KARRIEWHITCHIT, s. A fondling term for a child, Ang. Pe-rhajjs the first syllable is formed from Su.G, kaer, dear, Lat. car-us. KATABELLA, s. The Hen Harrier, Crkn. " The Hen Harrier (Falco cyaneus, Lin. Syst.) here called the katabcUa, is a species very often met with." Barry's Orkney, p. 312. As this species of hawk is extremely destructive to young poultry, and the feathered game, (Penn. Zool. p. 194.) it might seem to have got an Ital. name: * 4 N Iv E B Egli e un cativello, ho is a little cunning rogue ; Aliieri. KATHERANES, Ketharines. V. Cat- ERANES. KATOGLE, s. The Eagle-owl, Orkn, " The Eagle Owl (adi.v bubo, Lin. Syst.) our tal-oglc or stock ojcl, is but rarely met with, and on. ly on the hilly and retired parts of the country." Barry's Orkney, p. 312. Sw. tu/iigl, id. V. Penu. Zool. p. 202. Dan. iat ttglcy a screech-owl. It seems to receive its name from its resemblance of a cat. Germ. iatttz, however, which signifies an owl, while it is viewed by some as synon. with taix, felis, is by others rendered q. ta-iit, as expressive of the hooting noise made by this animal. V. VVachter. KATOURIS, s. pi. Caters, providers. Thr Pitill and the 7^/yje gled cryand jiexsc, Befoir thir princes ay past, as pairt of pur- veyoris, To cleik fra the commonis, as Kingis tatourh. Houlate, iii. 1. MS. V. Catouu. KAVEL, Kevel, Cavel, s. An opprobrious designation, denoting a mean fellow. — Cowkins, henseis, and ciilroun ievels. — Dunbar, M0. King, I suspect, is misprinted for ring. Carle •ind Cavel seems to have been a proverbial phrase for, honest man and rogue, or all without distinc. tion. V. Kevel, v. READY, adj. Wanton. V. under Caige, v. KEAViE, s. A species of crab. " 1 have found these crabs, we call Keavics, eat- ing the Slieve.Hsh greedily." Sibb. Fife, p. 140. Sibb. describes this as the Cancer Maias. Ibid, p, 132. V. SiiEAU-KEAviE, used in the same sense. To KEB, '•J. n. To cast a lamb immaturely; a term often used to express that a ewe has an abortion, or brings forth a dead lamb ; Border. Keb, s. Kehbis, ewes " which have brought forth immaturely, or been prevented accident- ally from rearing" their lambs ; also kebbit ewes; Gl. Sibb. " Than the laif of ther fat tlokkis follouit on the fcllis baytht youis and lammis, kcbbis and dailis." Compl. S. p 103. " A kcb-lamb; a lamb, the mother of which dies when it is young;" Gl. Compl. O. E. if66e>- seems to have been used in a similar sense; rendered Uy Gouldman, Cooper, &c. ovis rejicula, as equivalent to Culler, q. drawn out of a Hock of sheep. V. Cowel's Law Diet. The origin of this word is buri- ed in obscurity. It is, huvever, probably Goth. Tcut. kubhe, kebbe, according to Kilian, signifies a 1 K E E boar-pig, porcpUus: and wc know that a young sheep is called a hog, S. To KEBBIE, V. a. To cTiide, to quarrel, Aug, Su.G. Lijw-a, Isl. kif-a, Belg. ki/v.en, id. Su.G. hif, a quarrel. From kifzca is formed the frequcn. tativer. kaebbla, rixari, altercari. Hence, To Kebbie-lebbie, v. n. To carry on alterca- tion, Ang. KEBBRE, s. A piece of wood used in a thatched roof. Y. Cabor. KEBBUCK, Kebuck, Cabback, j-. A cheese ; properly one of a larger size, S. Let's part it, else laug or the moon Be chang'd, the kebuck will be doon. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 278. V. Waith. " This stone in the Gaelic language obtains (he name of claoch nu cabhac, in the English, or rather Scotch, " cabhac stone." Cabbac or cabback sig- nities a cheese. P. Andcrsier, Invern. Statist. Ace. iv. 91. Gael, cabag, a cheese, Shaw. The term, how- ever, might be radically Gothic, or common to both languages. For Kilian mentions Holl. hobbe, case- HS major. KEBRACH, s. Very lean meat, Loth. V. Cabroch, Skeebroch. KECKLING-PINS, s. pi. Wires for knitting stockings, Aberd. KED, s. The louse of sheep, Tweedd. V. Kid. KEDGIE, adj. Cheerful, &c. V. Caigxe. KEEK, J'. Linen dress for the head and neck ; generally pron. keck, Ang. — Her head had been made up fu' sleek The day before, and weell prin'd on her keek. Ross\i Hclcnorc, p. 28. A pearlin keek is a caj) with an edging or border round it, Ang. This border must have been origi- nally of lace; as one kind of lace is still denominate cd pearlin. To KEEK, Keik, v. n. l. To look with a pry- ing eye, to spy narrowly, S. Than suld I cast me to keik in kirk, and In market, And all the cuntrie about, kyngis court, and uther, Quhair I anc gallaud micht get aganis the next yeir. Dunbar, JSIaitlanil Poems, p. 47. " Keek in the stoup was ne'er a good fellow ;" — S. Prov. Kelly, p. 226. 2. To look by stealth, to take a stolen glance, S. I sail anis mynt Stand of far, and keik thaim to ; As I at hame was wont. Pfblis to the Play, st. 4. " When the tod wins to the wood, he cares not how many keek in his tail; Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 77. Te he, quoth Jjnny, keik, keik, 1 se yow. Uunnatyne Poems, p. 158. It seems to have been used in O. E. in the former sense. By double way take kcpc, Fyrste for tliyn oh ne estate to keke. K E E 't'o be thy solfe so well be tliouglit, That thou supplanted were nought. Got:cr''s Conf. Am. Fol. 41. a. Sii.G. tik-a, inteutis oculis videre; )iQ\g. hjh.cn. Germ, iuci-en, Dan. iijg.cr, Ir. iigh.iin, 'h\. Isl. giaeg-ast, speculari. It seems radically the sjime with (he V. Gouk, q. v. To Keek THROUGH, v. a. l. To prospiciate ; as/o ieei through a prospect, to look, through a per- spective-glass, S. 3. To keik through., to examine with accurate scru- tiny. Conceal yourscl as wccl's ye can Frae critical dissection ; But keek thro'' ev'ry other man, Wi' sharpen'd sly inspection. Burns, iii. 210. Keek, Keik, s. A peep, a stolen glance, S. Keekers, s. pi. A cant term for eyes, S. Svv. kikare, formed in the same manner, signifies a small perspective glass. Keek-bo, s. Bo-peep, S. Belg. kiekeho, id. from kyck-en, kick-en, spectare, and perhaps hauw larva, q. take a peep at the goblin or bugbear. V. BoKEiK, and Bu-MAN. Keeking-glass, s. A looking-glass, S. Sweet Sir, for your courtesie, When ye come by the Bass then. For the love ye bear to me, Buy me a keeking-glass then, Ritson's S. Songs, i. 173. Starn-keeker, s. A star-gazer, an astronomer. I give this word on the authority of Callander, in his MS. notes on Ihre. Su.G. sticrntikare, Belg. stcirre.ijjkcr, id., also an astrologer. KEEL, Keil, J-. Ruddle, a red argillaceous sub- stance, used for marking, S. Sinopis. Bot at this tyme has Pallas, as I ges, Markit you swa with sic rude difercncc. That by his keil ye may be knawn from thens, Doug. Firgil, 330. 17. With kauk and keil I'll win your bread. J (I. V. Gubi. rlunyie Man. This alludes to the iiractice of fortune-tellers, who usually pretend to be dumb, to gain more ere. dit with the vulgar, as being deprived of the ordi- nary means of knowledge, and therefore have re- course to signs made with chalk or rnddle, in order to make known their meaning. The Gaberlunyie man promises to win his sweetheart's livcJyhood by telling fortunes. V. Callander. This is sometimes w ritten Kyle stone. V. Skail- r.lE. Rudd. assigns to it the same origin with chalk. Addit. But chaille, in Franche Comte, signifies a rocky earth. To Keel, Keil, v. a. To mark with ruddle, S. part. pa. keild. Thou has thy clam shells and thy burdouu kcild. Kennedy, Evergreen, ii. 70. ^t, 23. V. Clam-suell. K !•: E KEELICK, s. 1. Anger, trouble, vexation^, Ang. Perhaps from Isl. ic/i, dolor. 2. A blow, a stroke, Ang., pron. also ieelup. KEELING, Keling, Keiling, Killing, Kil.- LIN, s. The name given to cod of a lar«xix.y ri- dere. But it is evidently the same with Teut. kachel. en, Su.G. kahl-a, id. Ihre derives (ho la((er from Gr. Kixxo!, a cock. I suspect that E. chuckle, al. though Johns, assigns a different origin, is radically the same with cackle. KELCHYN, Kelten, s. A mulct paid by one guilty of manslaughter, generally to the kin- dred of the person killed. " Kelchyn of ane Earle is (hricscore sax kye, and halfe an kow." Reg. JNJaj. B. iv. c. 38. § 1. The Kelchyn was not in every instance paid to the kindred of the deceased. For when the wife of an husbandman was slain, it belonged (o " the lord of the land;" Ibid. § 6. This fine, as Du Cange has observed, was less than the Cro. For the Cro of an F.arl is fixed at more than double, or an hundred and forty cows. Dr Macpherson views (his word as Gael. ; observ- ing that it signifies, " paid to one's kinsmen, from §■<«/ and c/;(«eH, kindred." Crit. Diss. xiii. But it may as naturally be traced to the Gothic. Sibb. de- duces it from " Theot. kelt-en, Teut. geld-cn. coxa- ]K'nsare, solvere." It seems composed of A.S. geld, gild, eonipensatio, and cynn, cognatio ; as equiva- lent io kinbot. Kelten, which occurs only in the Index (o the translation of Reg. Maj., may have been the corr. and vulgar pronunciation. ToKELE, -y. «. To kill. Thre of his seruandis, that fast hy hym lay K E L Full reklesly he kdit. Doug. Vhgll, 287. 30. Teut. tel-en, keel-en, jugulare, to cut one's throat, is mentioned by Iludd. and Sibb. But it ra- ther retains the more general sense of A. S. CKcU-an, occidorc. KELL, s. 1 . A dress for a woman's head, espe- jiecially meant to cover the*crown. Scho wes like a caldronc criike, cler vnAerkellus. Ballad, printed 1508. Fink. S. P. R. iii. 141. The hare was of this dainycell Knit with aue buttoun in anc goldyn tell. Dong. Virgil, 237, b. 41. V. Stick, s. 2. The hinder part of a woman's cap ; or what is now in E. denominated the caul ; the kell of a mutch, S. The word, as Rudd. observes, denoting a sort of network, seems primarily to have been applied (o that in which the bowels arc wrapped. He derives it from lielg. kavel a coif, hood, or veil. KELL.\CH, Kellachy, s. A small cart, with a body formed of wicker, fixed to a square frame and tumbling shafts^ or to an axletree that turns round with the wheels, Ang. " Besides the carts now mentioned, there are about 300 small rung carts, as they are called, which are employed in leading home the fuel from the moss, and the corn to the barn-yard. These •arts have, instead of wheels, small solid circles of wood, between 20 and 24 inches diameter, called tumbling wheels. It is also very common to place a coarse, strong basket, formed like a sugar loaf, a- cross these small carts, in which the manure is car- ried from the dung-hill to the tield. These kinds of carts are called Ki.llachjj/. Children, Ang, Su.G. iullt, a boy ; iiill, issue of the same mar, riage ; Isl. ijjll.a, to beget, also, to bring forth. This is the root of A.S. c/ld, whence E. cliild. KEMBIT, f. The pith of hemp, used instead of a small candle, Ayrs. Gael, cainab, Lat. cannuh-is, hemp. To KEME, V. a. To comb. V. Kawf. KEMESTER, u A wool-comber, S. " Gif the kjinestcrs (of wooll) passe forth of the burgh a landwart, there to worke, and to vse their otTices, hauand sutRcient worke to occupie fhera within burgh , they sould be taken and imprison- ed." Biuraw Lawes, c. 109. V. Kaim, v. To KEMP, V. 71. To strive, to contend in what- ever way, S. And preualy we smyte the cabill in twane, Sine kcmpund with airis in all our mane, Vp wolleris watir of the salt sey flude. Doug. Virgil, 90. 51. The term, as Rudd. observes, is now mostly used for the striving of reapers on the harvest field. " The inhabitants — can now laugh at the super- stition and credulity of their ancestors, who, it is said, could swallow down the absurd nonsense of a boon of shearers, i. e. reapers, being turned into large gray stones, on account of their temping, i. e. striving. P. Mouswald, Dumfr. Statist. Ace. vii. 303. A.S. camp-ian, to strive; Teut. kamp-en. Germ. kiimpf-en, dimicarc- For it has originally denoted K E ]M the strife of battle. Su.G. taemp-a, Alem. chcnif. an, L. B. camp-ire, certare. Pezron mentions C. B. campa as used in the same sense. Kemp, s. i. A champion, one who strives in light, or wrestling. Qiihen this was said, he has but mare abade Tua kempis burdouns brocht, and before thayme laid. Dung, flrgil, 140. 55. " It is written that Arthure tuke grete dclectati. oun in werslyng of Strang kempis, h^iiand thame in sic familiaritc, that quhen he vsit to dj ne or tak con. sultatioiin in his weris, he gart (haym sit down with hyni in maner of ane round crown tliat nane of thayiu suld be prefcrrit tyli otheris in dignite." Bcliend. Cron. B. ix. c. 11. Athietus, Docth. Sync he ca'd on him Ringan Red, A sturdy kemp was he. MinslreUil Bonier, ii. 366. . Hence the names of many old forliQcations in S., as " Kemp's Hold, or the Soldier's Fastness." P. Caputh, Perths. Statist. Ace. is. 504. Kemp's Cas- tle, near Forfar, &e. A. S. ccmpa, miles; Su.G. kaempc, athleta, pug. nator. Concerning the latter term Ihre observes ; " As with our ancestors all excellence consisted in bravery, irtempe denotes one who excels in his own way; as Afffwyja /J/"t;s/, an excellent ]>riest." L. B. campio; whence O. E. campioun, mod. champion. 2. Sometimes it includes the idea of strength and uncommon size. Of the tua kempis schuld striue in the preis, The btistuous Entellus and Dares. Doug. Hrgil, 139. 40. My fader, mekle Gow Macniornc, Owt of his moderis wame was schorne ; For littilnes scho was forloruc, Siche an a kemp to bcir. Interlude,- Droichis, Dannti/j/nc Poems, p. 175. Dan. kempe denotes a giant ; Isl. miles robustus ; j)I. kuemper. Rudd. has observed, that hence " probably the warlike people the old Cimbri took their name." Wormius, Rudbeck and G. Andr. have thrown out the same idea. But the writers of the Anc. Univ. Hist., with far greater probability, derive the name from Gomer the son of Japhet. Vol. i. 375. six. 5. Kemp, s. The act of striving for superiority, in what respect soever, S. A kemp begude, sae fast they laepit, Stout chiels around it darnin. Rev. J. Nicol's Poems, i. 154. Kemper, s. l. One who strives for mastery in any way. It is now generally applied to reap- ers striving on the harvest-field, who shall first cut down the quantity of standing corn which falls to his share, S. 2. One who is supposed to excel in any art, pro- fession, or exercise, S. They are no kempers a' that shear the corn. Ross's Ilelenore, Introd. Or, as it is expressed in the S. Prov. " A' the corn in the country is not shorn by tempers." Fer. guson, p. 3. The Prov. has a general application to those who KEN may do well enough in any line, although aot sun- posed to excel. '^ This is only another form of the s. Belg. kamp- er. Germ, kacmpfer, a champion ; Ir. caimper, id. seems to have a Goth, origin. Isl. kacmper, bellatores fortes. We have seen, that the name of the Cimhri, as given by the Ro- mans, has been traced to this origin. G. Andr. in like manner, considers the Jutes as denominated from Jotun, i. e. giants, vo. Kempe. Kempin, s. The act of striving on the harvest- field, S. I like nae kempin, for sic trade Spills muckle stuff, an' ye're no rede What ills by ft I've seen. A. Douglas's Poems, p. 123. To KEMPEL, V. a. To cut in pieces, to cut into separate parts for a particular use ; as when wood is cut into billets, S. B. Probably allied to Su.G. kappa, to amputate, Belg. kapp-en, L. B. kapul-are. KEMPLE, s. A quantity of straw, consisting of forty wisps or bottles, S. The price of straw, which was some time agosold at 25s. the kcmple, is now reduced to 4s." Edin. Even. Courant, Aug. 29, 1801. " Drivers of straw and hay will take notice, that the Kemple of stravv must consist of forty windlens • and that each windlen, at an average, must weioh six pounds trone, so that the kemple must weigh fifteen stones trone." Advert. Police, Ibid. July 18, 1805. To KEN, v. a. i. To know, S. O. E. pret. and part. pa. kent. 2. To teach, to make known. Thir Papys war gud haly men, And oysyd the trowth to folk to ken. Wjjnioien, vi. 2. 114. Grct curtasy he kcnd thame wyth. Hys dochteris he kend to wewe and spyn. Ibid. vi. 3. 70. 3. To direct, in relation to the end, or termina- tion of a course. Haue don tharfore shortly and lat ws wend, Thidder quharc the Goddis orakill has vs kend. Doug. Firgil, 71. 11. 4. To direct with respect to the means ; to shew the way ; to ken to a place, to point out the road, S. B. Ik wndertak, for my seruice, To ken yow to clymb to the wall ; And I sail formast be of all. Barbour, x. 644. MS. Fra thyne to mont Tarpeya he him kcnd ; And beiknyt to that stede fra end to end. Quhare now standis the goldin Capitole. Doug. Firgil, 254. 9. It occurs in O. E. as signifying to instruct, to make to know. — Also ienne me kindly on Christ to beleue, That I might worke his wil that wrought me to man. P. Ploughman, Fol. 5, b. Isl. kenn-a, docere, institucre, erudire, Verel. Su.G. kaenn-a, id. Kuenna barnom, to instruct drcu ; Han oss tliet siclj'icar kaende^ he himself taught KEN it us; Ihre. It does not appear that A. S. c«««-a» was used in this sense. 5. To be able. V. Gl. Wyntown. Mr Macpherson justly remarks the analogy be- twixt this and Fr. scavoir, to know, to be able ; and A. S. craejt, art, strength. 6. Legally to acknowledge, to recognise as hav- ing right to. " A woman having right to a terce dies without being served or kenned to it ; her second husband, or her nearest of kin, confirm themselves executors as to the merits and duties of these tercelands, and pursue the intromitters." Fountainhall's Decisions, i. 94. Su.G. /lae««-rt, cognoscere, sensu forensi. Kaenna miilit, caussam cognoscere; Ihre. To Ken, v. n. To be acquainted, or, to be fa- miliar. Gud Wallace sone throu a dyrk garth hym hyit, And till a houss, quhar he was wont to ken, A wedow duelt was frcndfull till our inen. IVallace, ix. 1379. MS. Kennin, s. 1. Knowledge, acquaintance, S. B., often kcnnins. Isl. kenning, institutio, dis- ciplina, Verel. 2. A taste or smack of any thing ; so as to en- able one to judge of its qualities, S. 3. A small portioa, S. Gif o' this warl, a kennin malr, Some get than me, I've got content, whose face sae fair They never see. 'Rev. J. Nicol's Poems, i. 187. 4: Used as denoting a slight degree, S. They may gang a kennin wrang. To step aside is human. Burns, iii. 115. Su.G. kaenn-a, among its various senses, signi- lies, to discover by the senses, to feel; Isl. kennu aa, gustarc ; uiienning, giistatio, kendr, a small quanti- ty of drink; Svv. kaenning ; Han liar aennu kaen- 7iing aj frossan; lie has still a touch of the ague; Wideg. Kenspeckle, adj. Having a singular appear- ance, so as to be easily recognised or distin- guished from others, S. ; kenspecked, Lincolns. kennspeck, A. Bor. I grant ye, his face is kenspeckle, That the white o' his c'e is tnrn'd out. Rev. J. NicoPs Poems, ii. 157. Skinner derives it from ken to know, and A. S. specce, a mark. Isl. kenispcii and SuG. kaennespak are used actively, as denoting a facility of knowing others; qui alios facile agnoscit; kacnnespakheet, agnoscendi promptitudo ; Vcrel., Ihre. The lat- ter derives the last syllable from spuk sapiens. KENE, Keyne, adj. 1. Daring, bold, " Yc ar welcum, curaly king," said the ^chc knight. Gazsan and Got. i. 15. 2. Cruel. For dont of Mogan iene, Mi sone y seyd thou wes. Sir Tristrem, p. 43. A.S. cene, brave, warlike, magnanimous. He K E P wii£s cene and oft fedlit an-wig ; magnanimus erat, et saepe certamen inivit singulare; Somn. Su.G. tijn, koen, audax, feros ; kt/n oc klook, strenuus pru- densque; Chron. Rhythm, ap. Ihre. Germ.;^u«, Ijelg,, koen. Wachter derives it from kenn-en, posse. KENERED, fret. Kenely that cruel kenered on hight, And with a seas of care in cautil he strik. And waynes at Schir Wawyn that worthely wight. Sir Gaisan and Sir Gol. ii. 22. Perhaps strained, exerted himself. But I observe no cognate term, unless we should suppose it formed from the adj. kene ; or, from A. S. ce^je vscr, vir accr, iraeundus. KENT, s. A long staff, properly such a one as. shepherds use for leaping over ditches or brooks, S. A better lad ne'er lean'd out o'er a kent, Or hounded coly o'er the mossy bent. Ramsai/s Poems, ii. 4. At last he shoop himsell again to stand, Wi' help of a rough kent in till his hand. Rosses Helenore, p. 44. Our term is most probably allied to " quant, a walking-stick ; Kent." Gl. Grose. A sanguine etymologist might view this as radical. ]y allied to Lat. conl-us, a pole ; or deduce it from Su.G. kan-a. Dicitur, quum quis junclis pedibus per lubrica fertur; Ihre. To KEP, Kepp, Keif, v. a. To catch, to inter- cept, S. To kep a struke, to receive a stroke in such a way as to prevent the designed cftect, S. He watis to spy, and strikis in all his micht, The tothir keppis him on his burdo\in wicht. Doug. Virgil, 142. 7. Palynurus furth of his couche vpsprent, Lisnyng about, and harknyug ouer all quhare. With eris prcst to keip the wynd or air. Doug. Urgil, 85. 39. Auribus acra tap/at. Virg. 2. To receive in the act of falling, to prevent from coming to the ground, S., A. Bor. Thus one is said to kepp any thing that is thrown ; also, to kepp water, to receive rain- in a vessel^ when it is falling. For as vnvvar he stoupit, and deualit, Pallas him kcppit sic wise on his brand, That all the blade vp to the hilt and hand Amyd his tlafl'and lungis hid has he. Doug. Virgil, 329. 51. Excepit, Virg. BcUcnden, speaking of salmon, says ; " Utheris quliillds lepis nocht cleirlie ouir the lyn, bfL-kis thaym self be thair fall, & growis mesall; vtheris ar keppit in cawdrounis." Descr. Alb. c. xi. — Kep me in your arms twa, And latna me fa' down. Jumieson's Popular Ball. xi. 45. Mourn, spring, thou darling of the year! Ilk cowslip cup shall kep a tear. Burns, iii. 309. 3. To meet in a hostile way. His bataillis he arayit then ; And stud arayit in bataill. To kep thaim gif they wald assaile. K E P — Sonc with thair fayis asscmblyt tliai, Tha.1 icpj/t thaiin rycht hardily. Barbour, xiv. 158. 197. MS. And cftyr that, qiihen lie come hame, Thare kept/d hyni the Kyiig Willame. ll'jjnfotcn, viii. 6. 244. R. Glouc. uses the word in the same sense. Ac as he out of Loadeii wente in a tydc, A gret erl hym iepie thcr in a wode sydo, With an hundred knygtes y armed wel ynofl'. This prince al vn ywar toward hem dro\s-. IIco comen ageyii hym vn war, & slowe hym al for nogt. P. 88. In like niauiier, R. Brunne. JJrilrik had a stiward, his name was Herman : Kchriht he i^jil at Humljer, & on him lie ran. Hard was the bataile, als thei togidir stynt ; Herman was thcr sla\n, the duke gaf the dynt. i'. 10. This sense seems to hare been unknown to Hearne, as it is overlooked in bolh Cilossaries. 4. To meet in an annicable way, in consequence oi:" going forth to receive another ; or to meet accidentally. In the first sense used S. B., in the second, S. The knight it/wY the King, cumly and eleir, With lordis and ladyis of estate, Met hym furth on the gate, Syne tuke liym in at yate, With ane bligh chcir. Gai^an and Gol. i. 14. Hastily that lady hcnde Cumand al her men to wende, And dight tham in thair best aray. To kepe the King that ilk day : Thai kcped him in riclie vteid, Rydeand on moiiy a nobil steed. Sir Yicain, or Ou'en, MS. Cotton, ap. Warton, iii. 108. 131. Warton renders it icaited on. But he has mis- taken the meaning of this, as of several other words, in the same poem. He renders rojie, ramp, instead of cry, p. 109. ; arc air, instead of before, p. 113. The store M'indes blou ful loud, Sa kene cum never are of cloud. He also expl. sm/ned. viewed, instead of bles- sed; p. 117.; rnyutf minded or thought, for, at- tempted, ]). 121. Thar was nane that anes mijnt Unto the bed at smyte a dynt. A. S. cep-ati, as well as Lat. cap-tare, id. and cap-ere, seem to have the same general origin. Sibb. mentions Teut. tepp-cn, captare. Kepar, s. One who catches at a thing ; Dunbar. KEPE, J'. Care, heed, attention. Totakkepe^to observe, to take care ; O. E. id. The Scottsmen tuk ottthar cummyng gud kepe ; Vpon thaini set with strakis sad and sar ; Ycid nane away off all that entrit thar. Wallace, vi. 717. MS. A. S. ccp-an, curare, advertere. Seren. views E. ieep as allied to Isl. iippa vinculum. KER, Kar, adj. Left, applied to the hand, sinister, S. Car-hand, the left hand, A. Bor. Gl. Grose. " Vpon his richt hand was set the secund idoll, Odhcn, K E S God of peace, weir, and battell.— Vpon the kcr and wrangside, was placed the thridde idole, Frigga, the gods [godes] of pleasure of the bodie and lustes of the Uesh, as Venus amongst the Gentiles and the Romaines." Skene, Verb.^Sign. vo. llcbdoma.y. " He resauit the vryting in his tar hand, and vald nocht apin it nor reid it quiiil the boreau had strikyu the heydis fra the jjresoneris of Calles (juhilkis hed conspyrit contrar Capes." Coiiipl. S. p. 178. " You'U go the car gate yet ;" S. Prov. Kelly gives this. as synon. with, " You'll gang a gray gate yet;" adding, " Bulh these signify that you will come to an ill end; but I do not know the reason of the expression :" p. 380. The cay gate is certainly the road to the left, i. c. a wrong way, or that lead, ing to destruction. Gael, cucrr, id.; Shaw. It has been generally said by our historians that Kenneth I. was surnamed Kir or Kerr, as being left-handed. V. Caiu. KER, s. Smor'd ker, the soft kernel, or small glu- tinous parts of suet, which are carefully taken out, when it is meant for puddings. Sec. Ang. KERB, KiRB Stones, the large stones, often set on end, on the borders of a street or causeway ; corr. from crib, q. as confining, or serving as a fence to the rest, S. B. Loth. " From 600 to 800 tons of kerb and carriage-way stones are annually sent to London, Lynn, and other iilaces, and are generally sold here at 13s. per ton. — Kirb and carriage. way stones, 700 tons." P. Peter- head, Aberd. Statist. Ace. xvi. (314. 628. KER-CAIK. V. Carecake. KERS, Kerss, s. Low laud, adjacent to a river. V. Carse. KERSSES, s.pl. The generic name for Cresses; Nasturtium, S. This is also the O. E. form of the word ; corre- sponding to A. S. caerse, Belg. ierste, Dan. karse, Sw. iruise, id. The term was anciently used in sing, as an emblem of any thing of no value. Wysedome and wytte nowe is not worthea ierse, But if it be carded with couetis, as clothers kembe her woule. P. Ploughman, Fol. 45. b. What a feeble mode of expression, compared witli that which is substituted in this enlightened age, by a slight change of the word ! KEST, ILeist, />7vf . ■:;. 1. Thi-ew. " He gart delue vj) al the banis of thedetht pepil furtht of there sepulture, and keist ouer euyrye bane, andc contemplit euyry hardyn pan, ane be ane." Compl. S. p. 240. 2. Threw off in the chace, let loose. And eftir thay ar cummin to the chace, Amang the montauis in the wyld forest. The rynnyng houndis of cupplis sone they kest. Doug. I'irgilf 105. 7. 3. Contrived, formed a plan.. To wcsy it Wallace him selff sonc went", Era he it saw, he kest in his entent ; To wya that hauld he has chosyne a gait. Wallace, ti. 807. MS. 4 O K E T K I A K. cad is usid in (lie same mctaph. sense The transition is f'ouiidcd on the act of tha mind, In fhroicins; its thoughts inio every possible form, in order to devise (lie most proper ])lan of conducting any business. By a similar analogy, Lit. jac-cre to throw, joined with con, signifies to guess (conjicere) whence the Jv term conjecture. KEST, part. pa. Your hairt noblllest To me is closit and t^st. Iloulatc, ii. 11. MS. i. e. cased, Your heart is entrusted to me, being closed in a case. V. GnouE, sense 3. K,ET, Kett, s. Carrion, the flesh of animals, especially sheep, that have died of disease or from accident. Loth. Bord.; horse-flesh, A. Bor. Teut. iiiet, ehivies, sordes, Isl. keita, urina vetiis ct foetida ; G. Andr. Or, by an oblique use of Su.G. ioe/t, Isl. iaet, caro, doed-koct, dead llesh ? Isl. qiteida, vitiligo, tutivilitium; G. Andr. p. 135. To Ket, v. a. To corrupt. It is the riches that evir sail indure ; Quhilk motht nor must may nocht rust nor ic'f. JJenrj/sonc, Ihinnaljjuo Poems, p. 125. st. 3. Lord Hailcs gives this word as not understood. [t seems radically the same with the v. KET, Kett, s. " A matted, hairy fleece of wool, S." She was nae get o' moorland tups, Wi' tawted ket, an' hairy hips. Burns, iii. 82. Kett, s. The weed called quick-grass, S. A. Hence, KETTr, aifj. Matted ; the soil being said to be iettj/, when bound together with quickgrass, S. A. Ketj as used for a matted fleece, is per- haps only a secondary sense. KETCHE-PILLARIS, s. pL Sa mony rackettis, sa mony keiche-pilluris. Sic ballis, sic nacketlis, and sic tutivillaris, — Within this land was nevir hard nor sene. Dunbar, Gen. Satyre, Bannaij/ne Poems, p. 44. St. 14. Lord Ilailes renders it sharpers, supposing that it may have been corr. from Fr. gaspilleiir, a spend- thrift. At first view, one might imagine that it were compounded, either of ketch which Chaucer uses for catch, to lay hold of; or Fr. cache, concealed, and pillar, a. ^HCerer, a purloiner, from pill-er, to rifle, to rob. But this does not agree with the connexion. Dunbar mentions ballis or balls : nackettis, which as Lord ilailes conjectures, may be from Fr. nacquet, a lad who marks at tennis ; rackettis, which may de- note the instruments with which players strike their balls. In conformity to this explanation, ketche- pillaris undoubtedly signifies players at ball ; corr. irom'TcMi. kaetse.ypel, Indus pilae; locus exercitio pilae destinatus : Kihan. This is confirmed by hand, ball being called the caiche by Ly ndsay . V. Caitciie. KETHAT, s. A robe or cassock. And roniul about him as a quheill, Hang all in rnmpillis to the hetll, His hethat for the nanis. Dunbar, Bannatj^ne Poems, p. 27. st. 2. This word is naturally enough viewed by Lord Ilailes as a corr. of Fr. casaque, E. cassock. Sw. kasiucka, id. Goth, kast, vcstis muliebris plicata; Seren. KETRAIL, Kytr.\l, s. A term used to express the greatest contempt and abhorrence. Sibb. renders it herelick. But it is used in a more general sense, in consequence of the abhorreiup in- spired, during the dark ages, by the term heretic. For this is its more determinate meaning ; Teut. kettcr, Genw.ketzer, haereticus. Ihrc mentions this as only the secondary sense of Su.G. kaettare, giving as the first, qui contra naturam peceat. I aui in- clined, however, to think, that the other is indeed the primary signification; and that the term is mere, ly a corr. of Cathari, the designation contemptuous- ly conferred on the Albigenses. As it has still been customary witfi the church of Rome to charge all, whom she was pleased to dub heretics, with the most abominable impurities ; we perceive a satisfac- tory reason for the double sense of this term. Ket~ rail seems a dimin. from tetter, q. a little heretic. V. the letter L, and Kytr vl. KETTRIN, j.^/. Highland cattle-stealers. V. Cateranes. To KEVE, v. a. To toss. To keevc the cart, to overthrow it, A. Bor. V. Cave. KEVEL. V. Kavel. To KEVEL, V. n. To scold, to wi-angle, S. A. The tailor's colour comes an' goes. While loud the wabster kaveWd ; The tulyie soon to furie rose, Rev. J. NicoPs Poems, i. 153. KEVIE, s. A hen-coop. V. Cavie. KEWIS, s. pi. Line of conduct. Sum gevis gud men for thair gud kc7cis, Sum gevis to trumpouris and to schrewis. Dunbar, Bannutyne Poems, p. 50. st. 11. Lord Hailes renders this " ready address, fit sea- son for address ;" deriving it from Fr. cue, which is used behind the scenes for the concluding word of a speech. I would rather understand it of the conclu. sion of a business ; as Fr. queue bears the same sense. Gud keuis, may thus denote proper conduct in general. It is used in a ludicrous sense, Evergreen, i. 119. And he keips ay best his keit:\-. Spouts in his nichbours nek. KY, s. pi. Cows, kine, S. Kie, id. O. E. Tydy it) lowis, veils by thaym rynnis, And snod and slekit worth thir belstis skinnis. Doug, flrgil, 402. 25. — Alle Northwales he set to truage hie : Tuenti pounde of gold be yere, thre hundretit of siluer clerc, & thcr to fyue hundreth He ilk yere to his lardere. R. Brunne, p. 28. Isl. ki/r, vacca; O. Fris, iij, vaccae; Jun. Etym. TO. Cois. To KIAUVE, V. a. " To work, to knead," Moray. K 1 D Then ye do buy a leaf o' wax, Aiul liciitre it wool, and mould it fair. J amiesoii^i- Popular Hall. ii. 283. Tills sreins a coir, of Taave, q. v. KIBBLPI, Ki'BiLL, m//'. Strong, firm ; when ap- plied to an animal, including the idea of activi- . ty or agilitj', S. B. Kijbill is used by Wyntown. All proTit gnt proues wyth liym then, Quharc men niycht sc than sudanly Kijbill ga yon lichtly, Dusch for duscli, and dyut for dynt ; Mycht na man myss, quhare he wald niynt. Cron. is. 27. 406. In another MS. it is, Gubill ya yow lichtly. Mr Macpherson seems to view the term as inex- plicable. But as tlie passage is most probably corr., perhaps it should l)e, Kybill men ga on lichtly. By this time Lindy is right well shot out; — Fu' o' good nature, sharp and snell witha', And kibble grown at shaking of a fa'. Ross''s Ilelenore, p. 16. KICK, J. A novelty ; or something discovering vanity or singularity, S. ^ new iick is often used in this sense. Kicky, adj. l. Showy, gaudy, S. perhaps im- plying the idea of that \'anity which one shews in valuing one's self on account of dress. Auld Meg hersel began the play, Clad in a bran-new hudden gray. And iu't, I wat, she look'd fu' gay, And spruce and tickj/. Skirrefs' Poems, p. 213. 2. High-minded, aiming at what is above one's station, S. This niay perhajis be allied to Isl. iiaei-r, andax, animosus: Su.G.iiiedy Germ, itt'ti', id. ; unless ab- breviated from K. ikhhatc, derived from Fr. qiiel- (juc chose. V. the adj. To KID, V. n. To toy ; as, to kid amang the lasses, Fife ; Su.G. kact-jas lascivire. V. Cate. KID, Kaid, s. The louse of sheep. Some seeking lyce in the crown of it keeks; Some chops the kids into their cheeks. Polzcart, Watson'' it Coll. iii. 21. Their swarms of vermine, and sheep iaids. Delights to lodge, beneath the plaids. Clelaiid's- Poems, p. 34. KYTiT), pait. pa. Made known, manifested; from kythe, kyith. In the tyme of Arthur an aunter bytydde, — Whan he to Carlele was comen, and conqueror kijdd. Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. i. 1. Chaucer, iid, iidde, id. A. S. cj/ih-an ostendere, notupi faccre. KIDDY, fl^". Wanton. Ang. V. Caigie. KIDE, s. Now am I caught out of iide to cares so colde: Into care am 1 caught, and couched in clay. Sir Gcu^aii and Sir Gal, i. 12. K I L It seems doubtful, whether if signilies acquaint. - ance, kindred, or country. A. S. hi/th, i-jjththc, no- titia; consauguinei ; patria. It is still said, S.'that one is far auay/r«e hk- his kith and kin. V. Kith. KIGH, J-. ^ kigh of a cough is a slight tickling cough, S. Germ. Iceidi.en tussire, Belg. iirh-en, auhelare, difficulter spirare. KIGHENHEARTED, Kickenhearted, adj. Fainthearted, chickenhcarted, S. This, especially from the appearance which tlie word has assumed in E., might at first seem to be formed from chicken. But it is certainly from Isl. Sw. Avlvi.«, subsidcre, spiritumamittcre; Verel. lud. To KIGHER, Kicker, v. n. To titter, to laugh in a restrained way, S. The usual phrase is, kigherin and lauchin, as opposed to gawfiji and lauchin. V. Gauf. Germ, iicker-n, id. Teut. kcier-en, however, is rendered cachinnari, immoderate ridere ; Kilian. KIL, a term entering into the formation of many names of places in S. " The word HI is the same with the Gaelic word cill, (the cousonnnt c, in the Gaelic, being sounded hard, like k in English,) signifying a church.yard. Some make this word to signify a burying-piace ; but the Gaelic word for this is cludh. The word cill is, perhaps, the original of the English word cell., which signifies the cave, or little habitation of a reli- gious person." P. Kilmadoek, Perths. Statist. Ace. XX. 40. Gael, f/// is not only rendered, the grave, but a a chapel, a cell ; Shaw. KYLE, s. A sound, a strait, S. " All the horses and cows sold at the fair, swim to the mainland over one of the ferries or sounds called Kj/les ; one of which is on the East, the other on the South side of Skie." Martin's West. Islands, p. 205. It is also expl. an arm of the sea, Gael, caolis, id. P. Edderachilis, Sutherl. Statist. Ace. vi. 278. C. IS. cil signifies a bay, a gulf. Both these may be allied to Isl. k^ll, gurges, vorago ; whence i^l-a, ingurgi. tare, deglutire, Landnam. Gl.; i^ll, aquae ductus; G. Andr. KILE, Kyle, j-. A chance. Quo' she, unto the shcal step ye o'er by, And warm yourscll till I milk out my ky. — Content were they, at sic a lucky kile, And thought they hadna gotten a beguile. Ross's llelenore, p. 77. Come, Colin, now and give me kj/le about, I helped you, when nane else wad, I doubt. Ibid. p. 84. This might seem io be from keil, q. a lucky throw at nine pins ; but rather a corr. of Cavil, q. v. sometimes pron. keul. Cale, turn, Derbjs. is cer- tainly from this source. " It is his cale to go ;" Gl. Grose. KYLE STONE, Ruddle. V. Keel. KILL. To fire the kill,, or kiln, to raise a combus- tion, to kindle a flame. " They parted after the Bishop h.id desired the Earl r Argylei to take care of an old and uoble fami- ■- 4 2 K I L K I N \y, and told hiin, (li;it liis opposing the clause, ex- tt'ptiiig the King's Sons and Brothers, had Ji red tJie Kiln.'' Wodrow's Hist. II. 20G. " He was afterwards told by a Bishop, That that had doH nrightyiVcf/ the Kiln.'''' Sprat, Ibid. p. 216. The phrase contains an alhision to the suddenness with which a kiln, filled with dry grain, is kindled. KiLL-SFENDiN, .f. An old term for the fire of a kiln, Ang. from tlie great expenditure of fewel. Kill-summers. V. Summers. To Kill, v. a. To kiln dry, S. " That the clause, tholingjire and icatcr, by the received opinion of Lawyers, was only to be under- stood of corns which were imported ungrinded, and iilled iwX milled within the bounds of the thirlage." Fountainhall, I. 25. KILLING, s. Cod. V. Keelling. KILLOGIE, s. V. LoGiE. KILLYLEEPY, s. The Common Sandpiper, Tringa hypoleucos, Linn. Loth. KILT, Kelt, s. A loose dress, extending from the belly to the knee, in the form of a petti- coat ; worn in the Highlands by men, and in the Lowlands by very young boys, S. The Highlanders call this piece of dress the Ji/ibeg. The following account is given of the dress of a Highland gentleman in the Isle of Sky. " He wore a pair of brogues, — Tartan hose which came up only near to his knees, and left them bare; — a purple caniblet /?■///, — a black waistcoat, — a short green cloth coat bound with gold cord, — a yellowish bushy Mig, — a large blue bonnet with a gold thread button." Boswell's Journ. p. 183. Aft have I wid thro' glens with chorking feet, When neither plaid nor ielt cou'd fend the weet. Ramxm/'s Poems, ii. 393. Pennant seems to speak as if ielt were a Gael, term. V. Filibeg. But Gael, caeli is used only in a general sense for apparel. The term is undotibted. ly Goth. Su.G. tiU, Holt, is rendered sinui, de. noting that part of the gown above the girdle which used to be very wide, and was employed for contain, ing or carrying any thing : Isl. kellta, kiollta, sinus vestis anterior; G. Andr. p. 141. Kiolla occurs in. deed in the sense of grcmium. I kiulta bera, shall rurrjj in his bosom; Isa. \\. 11. V. Verel. Ind. From the term, as used in the sense of sinus or lap, is formed Su.G. kolt, praetexta, vestis infantum ; bdrn.kult, a child's coat. Barn sum guar i toll, a child in coats, i. e. as expressed in S. " He still wears a tilt," or, " he has not got breeches." The term, however, in Su.G. and Isl., as denot. ing lap and bosom, seems to have liad only a .slight transition from its primitive signification; which, I apprehend, occurs in MoesG. kilthei, ven- ter, uterus. Ganimis in kiUhcin, concipics in utero ; IjUc. i. 31. This, as some have supposed, is the root of A. S. cild, E. child. To Kilt, or kilt up, v. a. i. To tuck up, to truss. A woman is said to kilt her coats, when she tucks them up, S. For Venus efter the gys and maner tharc, Ane actiue Low apoun hir schulder bare, — With wind wafllng hir haris lowsit of trace, Hir skirt kiilit till hir bare knee. Doug. Virgil, 23. 3. Kilt up your dais abone your waist, And speld yow hame again in haist. Lyndsut), Pinh. S. P. R. ii. 56. Now she has k/lted her robes of green, A piece below her knee; And a' the live-lang winter night The dead corp followed she. Ptilsoii's S. Sungs, ii. 203. Dan. iilt-rer, to gird, iill-er op, opkilt-er, Su.G. upkilt-a, to truss, to tuck up, tunicam succingere ; Ihre. The girdle which fastens up the clothes is called kilter-band. Hence, as would seem, the E. phrase, to be in tetter, to be ready or prepared. On this word Seren. mentions O.Sw. upkiltu konu, colli- galis ves'ibus nuilier, quo paratior olTiciis obeundis hat ; adding, Et hinc verisimile est hoc, Ang. icl- ter, usurpari coepisse de eo, qui est in promtu. He renders iipiilta, vestes supra ventrem colligare. The aflinity of the v. to MoesG. kilthei, venter, is obvious. V. the s. 2. To elevate or lift up any thing quickly, Ang. It is applied ludicrously to tuckiug up by a hai. ter. Their bare preaching now Makes the thrush. bush keep the cow, Better than Scots or I'nglish kings Could do by kilting them with strings. Cleland's Poems, p. 30. Kilting, s. The lap, or part of a woman's petti- coat that is tucked up, S. '' She has got a kid in her kiltiag ;" S. Prov. " That is, she has got a bastard about her. — Women, when they go to work, truss up their jietticoats with a belt, and this they call their tilting." Kelly, p. mo. KILT-RACK, s. That which lifts up the rack of a miln, Ang. V. Kilt, v. KILTER, s. Apparentl}-, cheer, entertainment. Right cozylie to ease was set my stumps. Well hap'd with bountith hose and twa.sol'd pumjis ; Syne on my four-hours luncheon chew'd my cood. Sic kilter pat me in a merry mood. Starrat, Ramsaj/'s Poems, ii. 389. Properly, preparation; evidently the same with E. kelter. V. Kilt, r. KIN, J. Kind, S. It is variously combined, as allin, all kind of, sometimes redundantly, ulkin tjjnd, S. B. sit kin, such kind, na kin, no kind, quhat kin (S. corr. tchaltin, Rudd.) what kind of, &c. The compauie all haillelie, leist and best, Thrang to the well to drink, qiihilk ran south west. Throw out ane meid quhair u/k/n llouris grew. Pitlice of Honour, ii. 41. Thair was na hone of mercie till deuyis, Thair was na micht n)y friend be nu kin wyis. Ibid. i. 71. The races o'er, they hale the dools K Y N Wi' drink o' a' kin kind ; Great feck gae hirplin hamc like fools, The cripple lead the blind. Fergussun's Poems, ii 54. Onj/ iin, Wyntown, vi. 14. U8.; viii. 4. 13. A.S. cinne, Isl. tin, Goih. tun, id. A.S.eall- ctf7i, oinnigcnus. Sit.G. allij/m Is used precisely in the same sense, being rendered, omnis generis; Ihrc, vo. Kuen. KiNBOT, s. The reparation to be made, for the sudden slaughter of a relative, by the payment of a Slim to the survivors. This was one of the privileges demanded by Wac- diiU, in return for his noble exertions in behalf of Malcolm Canmore: Quod ipse, et omncs in poste. rum de sua cognatione, |)ro subiiauea et iinprovisa occisioue, gauderent privilegio legis M'DiiJ/', ulii go. nerosus occidens solvendo argenti quatuor marcas ad Kinbot, et vernaculus duodeciui niaicas, rcinissioiiem plenariam exinde reportaiet. Forduu. Stoticlirun. Lib. V. c. 9. Lord Ilailcs has observed, that Fordiin, by using the expression, '' that they should have the lieuefit of M'^UuU's Ijqw," plainly refers to an usage v, hieh existed in his own times : and that Duehanuii, Lib. ■vii. p. 1 15., says that this law, u>(iuo ad aetateni |)a. trum nostroruni, quamdiu scilicet ex ea familia super- fuit quis(iuaiii, duravit. Lord Hailes indeed con jec. tures, that this could only have been a tem|)orary privilege, continuing to the tenth generation; An- nals, L 4. But this conjecture is not supported by proof. If MacdulT asked this privilege as t!ie re. ward of his services, it is more probable that he would ask it without hesitation, in pcri>ctiiam rci meinoiiant, than that he should restrict il to a cer. tain number of generations. On the other hand, if Malcolm saw no absurdity in granting such a jirivilege for tea generations, he would perceive as little in making it coeval with the existence of Macdull's posterity. If he granted it at all, it would certainly be in the terms in which it was demanded. The word is evidently from A. S. cin kindred, and hot compensation. KYND, ^. Natijre. Of kynd, ?.ccording to the course of nature, or by natural relation. Oure liege lord and king he wes, — His air, that of );yml wes kyng,' And of all rycht wyth-out demyng. WyntuKn, ix. 20. 41. " The word is radically the same with hifu ;" GI. Kynd, Kyndi.y, adj. \, Natural, kindred, of or belonging to kind. Than the knychtsayd, Now I se In-to the kynd rwte set the tre. This is resolved in another place. Now gottyn has that tre the rwte Oi kynd, oure confort and oure bute. IVyntozcn, vii. 4. 140. 164. Of that rute the tynd flewoure. As flouris havand that sawowre, He had, and held. Ibid. ix. 26, 107. i;. iiiidly is used in the same sense. K I N 2. Native. Wythin this place, in al plesour and thryft Are hale the pissance quhilkis in iust battel! Slane in defence of tharc iynd cuntre fell. Dou^. Hrgil, 188. 15. KTNGERVIE, s. A name given to a species of Wrasse. " Turdi alia species ; it is called by our fishers, the Sea-tod or Kingervie." Sibb. Fife, p. 128. KING'S-HOOD, s. The second of the four stomachs in ruminating animals; the Reticulum, honey-comb or bonnet, S. from its supposed re- semblance to some puckered head-dress former- ly worn by persons of rank. The omentum in Teut. is called huyoe; which has the same signilication, a coif. KINGS-WEATHER, s. A name given to the exhalations seen to arise from the earth in a warm day. V. Summer-couts. To KINK, "v. n. l. To labour for breath, in a severe fit of coughing ; especially applied to a child in the chin-cough, who during the fit of coughing seems almost entirely deprived of re- spiration, S. A. Bor. Teut. kink-en, dithcultcr spirare; leviter atque inanitcr tussire ; singultire ; Kilian. 2. " To laugh immoderately," Gl. Sibb. S. Tlr:S properly conveys the idea of such a convulsive motion as threatens suffocation. V. Kink- host. Kink, s. 1. A violent fit of coughing, attended with suspension of breathing, S. Let others combine, 'Gainst the plum and the line. We value their frowns not a kink. Morrison'. ■< Poems, p. 215. This seems synon. with the S. phrase used in a si- milar sense, not a host, or cough. 2. A convulsive fit of laughter, S. A. Bor. V. the V. A. S. cincung, cachinnatio. Kinkhost, s. The hooping-cough, S. Lincolns. — Overganeali with Angleberries as thou grows aid. The Kinkkoft, the Charbucle, and worms in the chicks. Montgomerie, IViitson's Coll. W'l. 13. V. Cleiks. « The change of this word into chin-cough, E. is quite absurd, as it obscures both the sense and the origin. It is evidently the same with Belg. kink-hoest. This term contains a description of the disease; being comp. of Tout, iinci-en difliculter spirare, and hocst tussis; as the patient labours for breath in the (its of coughing. Kilian, with less judgment than he usually displays, derives the term from kinck-horcn, a certain wreathed shell ; it being said that it fends to mitigate the disease, if the patient drink out of a shell of this kind. The Su.G. term is kikUosta, from kikn-a used precisely as the i'. link; quum quis prae nimio vel risu vel etiam tussi anhelitum perdit ; Ihre. KINKEN, J-. A small barrel, a cag, S. B., whe- ther equal to zjirkhi, or the half of it, I cannot certainly learn. K I () K I P " lie coiiu's down Dt'cside, — sc(s watdies, goes to two ships lying ill the harbour, iiliiiiders abo\it 20 barrels or kinLeiis of powder." Spalding's Troubles, II. 295. 1'.. kilderkin is used in the fame sense. Johns, derives it from Belg. kiiidekin a baby, a little cliild. Our w ord has much more resemblance. But the idea is fanriful. KINNEN, s. A rabbit, S. V. Cuning. KINRENT, Kyn, s. Kindred. Ou our /cj/iireni, deyr God, quhen will thou rew? Wallace, ii. 195. MS. Quidder ettil ye, or qnhat kinrent. Doug. Virgil, 244. 13. A. S. cynrcne, cynrijn, id. KYNRIK, KiNRYKE, J. 1. Kingdom. For Jhon tlic Balyoune to Munross than he send, And putt hym doiine for cuir of this hynrih. Wallace, i. 119. MS. . Reign, possession of a kingdom. " — The yeir of God, ane thousand foure hun- dreth, xxiiii. yeiris ; and of his kinrijke the .xix. yeir." Tit. Acts Ja. I. Pari. 2.; also Par). 3. and 4. id. Edit. 1566. A.S. cj/nric rognuni, from cyne, regius, regalis, and 7ice, which is used in the same sense; rica, princeps ; Isl. rtjk-a, regnarc, MoesG. reikin-on, id. from rciks, princeps. Svv. kungrike, Teut. kcningreich, regnum. KINSCH, J-. Apparently, kindred. The man may ablens tyne a stot, That cannot count his kimch. Cherrie and Slae, st. 79. Instead of ablens Ramsay has eillilij, Prov. p. 67. This was a proverbial jihrase, probably containing an allusion to some ancient custom. KINSCH, s. The twist or doubling given to a cord or rope, by means of a short stick passed through it, in order to draw it tighter ; a term used in packing goods, S. The origin is probably Isl. kinka, artuum nodus, scu cxtrema sphaera articuli ; G. Andr. p. 145. as a kinscli bears considerable resemblance to a knuckle or joint. It niay indeed be radically the same with Belg. kink, a bend, a turning. Daar is sen kink in den kahel. There is an obstacle in the way ; literal-, ly, a twist in the cable. I am at a loss to say, whether it be allied io Knitch, q. v. To KiNscH, V. a. To twist and fasten a rope, as above described, S. V. the s. To cast a iinscb, id. S. KIOW-OWS, s.pl. 1. Silly tattles, trifling dis- course, such as to indicate a weak understand- ing, S. B. It nearly corresponds to Lat. »u. gae. 2. Things of a trivial nature, which become the subject of such discourse, S. B. Hence a person who occupies his mind with such frivolous matters or conversation, is called a kios:. vi.:in bodie. Corr. perhaps from E. gexjegUKSf which Skinner 4 ' derives from A. S. gegaf, nugae, or ketizegas, siinu- lacia, sculptura. To KIP, ■:;. (I. To take the property of another by fraud or violence, Loth. Su.G. t/jip.u, C. B. cipp'io, to take any thing violently. To KIP, V. n. To play the truant ; a term used by scholars. Loth. This seems merely an oblique sense of the last v. KIPPAGE, s. Disorder, confusion. One is to be in a sad kippage., when reduced to a disa- greeable dilemma, Loth. KIPPER, /., 1. This word originally denoted salmon in the state of spawning ; the term be- ing used as synon. with reid Jische. It retains this sense, S. A. being applied to foul fish. " Of slauchter of rcdde fish, or Kipper.''^ Tit. Acts Ja. IV. 1503. c. 72., Skene, Murray. In the chapter itsti\{ reddejixh is the only phrase used. Skitiner thinks that the word denotes young sal- mon or fry ; deriving it from Belg. iipp-cn, to hatch. But although this is most probably the origin, the term is more nearly related, in the sense we have given, than in that assigned by Skinner. Teut. iz/jp-ew, excludere ova ; Kilian. AT/y^p-er is thus q. a spawncr. V. Reid Fisciie. As salmon, in the foul state are unfit for use, while fresh ; they are usually cured and hung up. Hence the word, properly denoting a spawning fish, has been transferred to one that is salted and dried. In- deed, throughout Scotland, the greatest part of those formerly kippered, by the vulgar at least, were foul fish. This sense is confirmed by the use of the word keppcr in the. O. E. Law. " That no person — take and kyl any Salmons or Trowtes, not bcyug in season, being keppcr Salmons, or keppcr Trowtes, shedder Salmons, or shedder Trowtes." Acts Hen. VII. c. 21. Ilastell's Sta- tutes, Fol. 182. a. The season in which it is forbidden to kill salmon, is called Kipper-time. " That no salmon be taken between Gravesend •ind Ileuly upon Thames in Kipper-time, viz. be. twcen the Invention of the Cross (3 May) and the Epiphanij." Rot. Pari. 50 Edw. III. Cowel. Whether shedder be synon. with kipper, from the- v. sited as signifying the act of spawning, or the one respect the male, and the other the female, seems un- certain. Kipper is the only one which seems to have been used in S. Kipper, however, is projjcrly the name given to the male fish ; the female is called a Roan or Raaner, Border. Kipper is still used in the same sense by E. writers. " The salmon — after spawning become very poor and thin, and then are called Kipper." Penn. Zool. 111.242. 2. Salmon salted, hung and dried, S. This is now the general sense of the term. Hence, To Kipper _^sh, to cure them by means of salt and pepper, and by hanging them up, in a split form, in the sun, or near a fire, S. " The kippering of salmon is successfully prac~ K I 11 ;. for kitchen, &c." Statist, Ace, Cra. mond, i. 218. K Y T There is no E. word which expresses the same idea. Meat is not nearly so extensive in its signifi- cation. For kitchen not only denotes butcher-meat, but any thing that is used as a substitute for it, as fish, eggs, cheese, milk, &c. This term may perhaps be allied to Isl. kiot, Su.G. koett, Dan. kod, flesh. In Isl. it is sometimes written kuett. En kuett tonnum, flesh for the teeth ; Alfs S. p. 12. It occurs in the compound term Ros- sai/o^sat, the eating of horse flesh. This custom ' prevailed among the Icelanders, in common with the other Gothic nations, before their conversion to Christianity. Hence it is said ; Enn urn barnautburd oc rossakiotsat skulu halldast en fornu log: "As for the exposing of infants, and eating of horse-flesh, they were ancient customs." Kristnisaga, p. 100. It seems doubtful, however, whether this be not merely the original sense of the E. word kit. chen. There can be no doubt, that the apart, ment thus denominated, receives its name be- cause the food used by the family is cooked there ; as Teut. kokene, keuckene, culina, are from koken coquere. The same correspondence may be remarked in the cognate terms. Now, kitchen seems primarily to have denoted what was cooked, and thence to have been transferred to the place where this work was performed. We have some vestiges of this in other languages. Thus Dan. kiokken, as it denotes a kitchen, also signifies food dressed ; kold kiokken, cold meat, or as it might be rendered, S., caul d kitchen. Ft. cuisine is also used in both senses ; Leur cuisine ordinaire^ their stated diet, or usual proportion of victuals. We have an old Prov. in which this word occurs ; " Hunger's gud kitchen.'" In Sw. there is one very similar: Hungrig mag ar baestu toekn ; A good stomach is the best sauce (or cookery) ; Wideg. It is also said ; " It is ill kitchen that keeps tho bread away; Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 45. To Kitchen, v, a. To serve as kitchen, S. For me I can be well content To eat my bannock on the bent, And kitchen't wi' fresh air. Ramsay^s Poems, i. 84. The poor man's wine, IJis wee drap parritch, or iiis bread, Thou kitchens fine. Burns, iii. 14. KITCHEN, s. " A tea-urn or vase." Sir J. Sinclair's Observ. p. 171. » KITCHEN-FEE, s. The drippings of meat roasted before the fire, S. It seems to receive this name, because the kitch- en-maids claim this as a perquisite, q. a reisard for their service in dressing victuals; and sell it for their own emolument. KYTE, J-. 1. The belly, yi muckle kyte, z.h\g belly ; kite.) id. A. Bor. Swa was confessioun ordanit at first, Thocht Codrus ^^/e suld cleifaid birst. Kitteis Co/if. Lj/iid r,'//'> JVaikis, p. 317. Thiiik ye this youth's a gilly-ga«py. And that his gen,tle itamock's master 4 P K I T K I T To worry up a pint of plaister, J.ikp our mill-knavos that lift the lading, \Vh.iSf k^lcs can streek out like raw pluidiiig ? Ramsaii''s Poems, ii. S'iS. 2. The stomacli. Afovj kyte, a full stomach, S. " It is ill )0\\vkijte's common," i. e. 1 have de- served better of you, because I have often filled your billy; S. Prov. Kelly, p. 199. This is undoubtedly allied to Isl. kxid-r, q/iid-r, qued, MoesG. quid, Su.G. qiied, venter. Isl. si. gu)idi quidr, subsidicus venter, Verel. Ind. a seg. gill ijjte, S. V. Sf.g. Qiiidar fylli, analogous to the vulgar phrase, a foic iijte, occurs in the Isl. Prov. Bcter er fogr frucdc, enn quidar fylli ; Wisdom is better than a full belly, Veral. Ind. Both the Isl. and Su.G. terms signify also the womb ; corres- ])onr!ing to A.S. crcvt/j matrix, and MoesG. quith.us uteru>;. llajica i knae or unnat i qzcidi ; to have one child on the knees, and another in the womb; Leg. Wcstg. ap. Verel. et Ihre. Kuidargirnd signifies gluttoicrcles of the roots are greatly esteemed ; in the Lowlands, children dig them, calling them liquorice, which they somewhat resemble in taste. Perhaps from Teut. knapp-en, mandere, and zsorlc radix, q. a root for chewing, an edibic root; or Su.G. kiwpp, scarce, scanty, and ueri herb, q. the root of scarcity. Su.G. ert, aert, however, signifies jicase. Hence the name of this root; mild- erter. It is also called tran-erter, q. the pease fed on by cranes. This is evidently a name of Goth, origin : and socins to indicate that the Goths knew its use not less than the Celts. V. Cauameile. KNAPPEL, s. The name given to the staves of oak brought from Memel, Dantzick, or any place in what is called tbe East country, S. " That the whole coupers within this kingdom make the said salmond barrels of good and suflici. ent new inappel, for which they shall be answer- able, without wormholes, and white-wood." Acts Cha. IL 1661. c. 33. This is said to be its name in Norway. It is al- lied perhaps to Isl. inapp-r, rigidus, strictus, q. hard wood. KNAPPISH, adj. Tart, testy, snappish. " Your spirit is so knappish and way-ward, that it will not admit the most solide comforts." — Z. Boyd's Last Battell, p. 169. Perhaps from Teut. knapp-en, to bite. KNAPSCHA, Knafishay, Knapschaw, Kxap- sKALt, s. A headpiece, a sort of helmet. It war full mc'it. gif it liappinis be weir, That all this prvd of silk war quyt laid doun, i K N A And chengit in jak, knapscha, and abirgoun. Bantiafyne Poems, p. 142, st. 2. Sic wcr wont to ryde furth to the weir, With jak and sword, good horse, knapscall and speir. L. Scotland's Lament. Fol. 5, b. " The Earl of Gowrie followed him within the said chamber, with ane drawn sword in every one of his hands and a knapschaw on his head." Gow. rie's Conspiracy, Hist. Perth, p. 236. This is otherwise expressed; — "a Steele bonnet on his head ;" p. 205. " Quha hes not ane Aeton and basnet; he sail have ane gude habirgeon, and ane gude irn jak for his bodiL- ; and ane irn knapiskaj/." 1. Stat. Rob. I. c. 26. This in the Lat. is, unum capilium de ferro; and it is distinguished from a basnet. It would hence seem, that the knapskal was a headpi"co generally worn by persons of inferior rank, perhaps origi- nally by the servants of the men at arms. Thus it may be from A.S. cnapa, Isl. Su.G. iwape a ser. vant, a page, and Germ, sclial, skiitl, a covering, from skiul-a, tcgere; or from «Aai putamen, A.S. sceala, q. a shell. This is perhaps what in E. is called the scull, which according to Grose, is " a head- piece, without visor or bever, resembling a bowl or bason, such as was worn by our cavalry, within twenty or thirty years." Hist. Ant. Armour, ii. 243. To KNASH, V. a. To gnaw, to tear. Nixt come the Gorgoull, and the Graip, Twa feirfuU fouls indeid, Quho usis oft to lick and laip The blud of bodies deid : Thame druging and ruging, With thair niaist cruell clukis ; Sick hashing, and knashing, Cums not of cleinlie cukis. Burel's Pilgr. Watson's Coll. ii. 24. 25. Isl. knatsk-a, attcro, arrodo, violenter traho j G. Andr. To KNAW, Kkawe, v. a. To know. ■ Bowsunes mays fredwme threlle And lykyng wndyrawe to dwelle; Noucht as bondage wndyr lawe, Bot that lykyng grace sulde knavse. IVyntoKn, i. Prol. 78. A. S. cnaw-an, id. KNAW, Knawe, Knaif, s. i. A male child. And thai wele sone gat of thair bed A knaii) child, throw our Lordis grace, That eftre hys gud cldfadyr wes Callyt Robert; and syne wes king. Barbour, xiii. 693. MS. — Wc ar lyk na barne til hawe, Nothir raadyn child, na knati:c. JVi/?itoKn, vi. 13. 152. 2. A boy, a male under age. The constabill, and all the laifT That war tharin, bath man and knaiff. He tukj and gaift" thaim dispending. Barbour, viii. 508. In MS. knam. K N E 3. A male servant ; Wyntown. Knave is still used in this sense in the S. Prov. ; " Early master, laiig iiiavc :" Ferguson, p. 1 1., or " soon knave," as given by Kcllv, who thus exjil. the meaning; " When a youth is too soon his own master, he will squander his patrimony, and so must turn servant;" p. 95. 4. " A man in the lower ranks of life ;" Gl. Wyntown. Sons hes bene ay exilit out of sicht, Sen every ina/f wes cled in silkin weid. Bannafj/ne Poems, p. 142. st. 1. Germ, liiab dicitur, — de parvulis parentum, de omnibus raasculis junioribus; — de servis; Wacht. V. K.NAB and Knape. Knawship, Knaveship, of a mill, the dues given, by those who have grain ground, for paying the servants employed about a mill, vulgarly kneuhip, S. " Ane free man or anc frcchaldcr, sail gif for multure at the milne, the sextene veshell, or the tuentie or threttie, according to his infeftment. And mairouer of tuentie bolles, ane firlot (as knaKschip.) Stat. K. Will. c. 9. § 2. " The multure is a quantity of grain, sometimes in kind, — and sometimes manufactured, due to the proprietor of the mill, or his tacksman, the multurer, for manufacturing the corns. The ie- quels are the small parcels of corn or meal given as a fee to the servants, over and above what is paid to the multurer ; and thev pass by the name of inavexhip (from knave, which in the old Saxon language signified a servant) and of bannock, and lock, or gou-pen.'" Ersk. Instil. B. ii. T. 9. § 19. Teut. knaep-schaep, servitus, servicium, minister riuni ; Kiliau. V. Knaw, *. KNECHT, Knycht, s. l. A common soldier, a mercenary. Quhat Mirmydone, or Gregioun, Dolopes, Or knijcht wageour to cruell Ulixes, Sic matirs to rehers, or yit till here, Micht thajm contene fia wepiug mony ane tere? Doug. Virgil, 38. 4'i. In the same sense, " it is always used in a AIS. version of the New Testament, in the Advocate's Library. — Traveil thou ff.f a good tni/gte of Christ Jesu, 2. Tim. 2, 3. Archip cure euen ini/gte, Phi- lem. 2." Rudd. This version is supposed to be Wiclif's. 2. A captain, a commander. Als swith as the Rutulianis did se The yet opin, thay ruschit to the entrc; Quercens the formest, and Equicolie Ane lusty knycht in armes richt semely. Doug. Virgil, 302. 35. The word as expressed in Franc, tnecht, A. S. rneoht, ciiihf, primarily signified a boy, a male child, and was secondarily used for a servant. Wachter and Ihrc view it as from the same stock with Knupc. Perhaps the common origin is A. S. cneoy generatio, which cneoht nearly resembles. To KNEE, o. fl. 1. To press down any thing with the knees, Ang. K N E. 2. To make an angle in -tvhat was formerly straight. To knee irne, to bend iron into an angular form, Ang. 3. The wind is said to knee corn, when it breaks so that the com bows down, and strikes root, by the stalk, Ang. Isl. kny.a, urgere, adigcre ; synon. with Sw. tiiing-a, S. diiung ; hncig.ia, llectere, Su.G. knig.a, genua tiecterc. This is the original idea, from Isl. Su.G. knae the knee. The Su.G. s. knae is used in the same sense with the E. adj. kneed, which is applied to corn, when it becomes articulated, or has joints. Segcs apud nos dicatur gaa i k'lae, ubi geniculata fitj et primo nodo firmatur calamus; Ihre, vo. Knae. KNEEF, Kneif, adj. Active, alert, lively, S. Ami O ! the gathriiig that was on the green ! Of little foukies clad in green and blue, Knecjer and trigger never tred the dew. Ross's Ilclcnore, p. 62. An' sae he did beguile An' twin'd us o' our kncofest men By death and by exile. Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 7. And Jhone did wex als kneif, I gage, Als grome in May mocht be. Jamiesvn's Popular Bull. i. 287. Isl. knacf.r, Dan. in'ov, robustus ; Su.G. knapp, citus, velox. It might be supposed that Lat. gnav- its, quick, active, whence Fr. naif, naive, has had a common origin with the words already mentioned. Kniefly, adv. With vivacity, S. But she'll craw knicjijj in his crap, AVhau wow ! he canna Hit her Frae hame that day. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 50. KNEEF, adj. Difficult, arduous, Aberd. Su.G. knapp, dilficult, narrow, stra'* ; knapp tid, angustum et nietaphorice difficile temjjus; Ihre. This learned writer adds, that it is used with respect to any thing which hardly suffices. Th:- Icelanders, who frequently change i into /(, use hnep-r in the same sense. Aetla baendur eigi sua hueppt til Jo- laveitslo; Non adeo parce patres familiarum con. vivia instruunt; Ileims' Kr. Tom. I. p. 537. G. Andr. renders hnapp-r, rigidus, strictus. KNEE-ILL, Knee-ills, s. A disease of cattle, affecting their joints, and especially their knees,, so that they rest on them, not being able to stand, S., from knee, and ill, a disease, KNEESHIP. V. Knawship. KNEEVICK, adj. Griping, avaritious, Fife; allied perhaps to Isl. hnyf-a, to grasp with the fist, or from the same fountain with Gnih, q. v. KNEWEL, Knool, s. A wooden pin fixed in the end of a halter, and notched, for holding by. To hadi the knewel., to hold the reins, to keep the grip, synon. Ang., kniel, Mearns. Belg. knevel, a knot; kncvel-cn, to pinion. Teut. knevel, lorum hastae missilis, as ori^'inally de- noting the thong attached to a missile weapon. It bears another sense still more nearjy allied • K N O K N O stipes, furcula, bacilliis. Isl. hiiue, nodus, glomus, globus, seems radically the same. It alsa signifies the whirl of a spindle, (verlicillum fusi, (i. Aiidr.) and is probably meiely a secondary sense of hniie, internodium digitorum, the knuckle. KNIBLE, adj. Nimble, clever, S. B. The knible elves about her ate ding dang ; Syne to the play they up, and dance and (lang. Ross's Helenore, p. 63. Su.G. Teut. inap, alacer, agilis, celer. Thtis it has apparent!) the same origin wiih Kncef, 1. q. v. K.N1BLOCH, Knublach, Knublock, j-. i, A small round stone, or hardened clod, S. — The fallow loot a rin, As gin he ween'd with speed to tak her in ; But as luck was, a tnilibliicli took his tae, And o'er faes he, and tumbled down the braei Ross's Helenore, p. 58. 2. A knob of wood, S. But a thrawn knublock hit liis heel, And wives had him to haul up, Hali fell'd that day, Ramsut/'s Poems, i. 263. •3.' " A knob, the swelling occasioned by a blow or fall," Shirr. Gl. Su.G. Isl. inapp, globulus ; Belg. knobbel, a knob, a knurl. Knibblockie, adj. Unequal, rough ; applied to a road in which many small stones rise up and render walking painful, S. B. Belg. knohbel- achtig^ knobby, rugged. KNYFF, s. A hanger or dagger. Na armour had Wallace men in to that place ; Bot suerd and knyff thai bur on thaim throw grace. fVttllace, xi. 82. MS. O. T. ini/f, cultcr, gladius, Kilian. KTSiYFSlT, fret. " Rocketis war rent, Tippetis war tome, croun. nis \var inj/psit, and syd Gouiiis micht have beiT sein wantonelie wag frae the ac wall to the uther." Knox's Hist. p. 51. Sign. N, 2. The true reading is inappit, as in MS. II. In MS. I., and Lond. edit, it is knapped. The v. knap is used in the same sense, E., " to strike so as to mak>' a sharp noise like that of breaking;" Johns. Belg. inapp-en, to crack. KNITCH, s. A bundle, a truss, S. ; a bundle of straw tied by a rope, S. B. O. E. in^jcche, a bundle. " Gader ye togidre the tares and bynde hem to- gidre in knycches to bo brent." Wiclif, Mat. 13. Sw. knyte, a bundle, a fardle ; from knj)t-a, to tie. A. S. cntit-an, id. A. S. cnytt, Su.G. knul, a knot. Knxtchell, s, A small bundle ; a dimin. from knitch. Twa curis or thre hes upolandis Michell, With dispeiisatiouns hound in a knitchell. Dunbar, Bannatyne I'uenis, p. 66. st. 15. KNITTING, s. " Tape, S. ;" Sir J. Sinclair's Observ. p. 122. 1;N0CK, ,r. A clock; S. You'l Eiove the Duke our master's Grace, 4 To put a knock upon our steeple, To shew the hours to country people. Watson's Cull. i. 1 9. " The knock strikes; the clock strikes. Clocks arc called knocks, in some parts of Scotland, from the noise they make." Sir J. Sinclair's Observ. p. 49. This is eridently a ccrr. of clock. On this word Junius refers to C. B. clock, A. S. clucga, Alem. cloc, id. Lye, to Alem. cluhhon, clochon, pulsare. I am inclined to view it as allied to Isl. kluk-na^ to be struck suddenly or unexpectedly, especially as klokka has the sense of campana. Klokk Josaphatj Perculsus fuit Josafihat ; Verel. Ind. KNOCKIT BARLEY, or BEAR, barley strip- ped of the husk, by being beafen in a hollow stone with a maul , a small quantity of water being put into the cavity with the barley, S. My lairdship can yield me As meikle a year, As had us in jioltage. And good inockif beer. Rumsay's Poems, ii. 313. In this manner barley was form.'rly prepared for the pot in Angus, and most probably throughout S., before the use of Barley Mills. To KNOIT, Knite, Noyt, v. a. l. To strike with a sharp sound ; to give a smart rap, S. An' monie a bourdlie bandstcr lown Made there an unco bletherin', Shoarin to knite ilk bodie's crown. Rev. J. Nicol's Poems, i. 142. Thair durst na ten cum him to tak, Sa noTjtit he thair nowis. Chr. Kirk, st. 19, Sibb. edit. Be thy crown ay unclowr'd in quarrel, When thou inclines To knoit thrawn-gahbit sumphs, that snarl At our frank lines. Ramsai/'s Poems, ii. 340. The knees are said to knoit, when they strike one against anotlier. For they had gien him sik a fleg, He look'd as he'd been doited, For ilka limb an' lith o' him 'Gainst ane anither knoited. Poems in the Uachan Dialed, p. 8. Here it is used in a neut. sense. 2. To amble or hob'ole in walking, in consequence of the stiffness of the joints, S. Stoit is used as nearly synon. l\. hniot-a, niot-a, ferire, Verel. ; nuto, lapso; G. Andr. It is also rendered, pedem otiendere. llneit, impegit; Worm. Liter. Dan. A. S. hnit-an^ cornu pctere, ferire, percutere; to note, Laurash. Belg. nieten, id. V. Somner. Perhaps, Isl. t/ij/lt~ a, verberare, Verel. has a common origin. The root, I suspect, is Isl. hnne, internodium digitorum, whence hnul-a, knut-r, nodus artuum ; q. to strike with the knuckle. Knoit, Noit, s. A smart stroke, a stroke emitting a sharp sound, S. The carles did baith rant and roar. X N O And ilelt some knoits between Ilaiuls. A. Nlcol\t Pocmf:, 1739. p. 73. 2. The sound occasioned by a stroke, or fall on any hard body ; as when the head or any bony part strikes against a stone, S. V. the o. " She tumbled down npo' me wi' sik a rccmis, that she ajart my head cry inoit upo' the coach door." xToiiriial from London, p. 3. To KNOIT, V. a. To gnaw ; a term expressive of the manner in which infants eat, who have not got teeth, Ang. Isl. hnot-a, ve!licaro ; or a frequentative from ntir.d to gnaw, like hnatxia, arrodfrc. KNOIT, s. A large piece of any thing, S. B. knoost, S. A. synon. Allied perhaps to Isl. knoit.itr globus. V. Knoost. KNOOP, s. 1. A protuberance of any kind, S. inoh^ E. 2. A bit of wood projecting from a wall, on which any thing is hung, S. 3. The knoop of a hill, that part of a hill which towers above, or projects from, the rest, S. Isl. guiip-r, gnj/l>-i; used precisely as in sense 3., jugum mentis, W. Andr. ; Finis gii/pa, caciniien mon- tis ; of^j/p-fw, niontium alfiora caeumina; Verel. To KNOOSE. V Knuse. KNOOST, Knuist, s. A large lump. Loth, Then liftin up the scales, ho fand ' The tane bang up, the other stand : Syne out he took the heaviest half, And eat a knoost o't quickly atf. Rannaj/^s Poems, ii. 479. Perhaps q. something bruised or broken ot)'. V. Knuse, v. Isl. hnaus, however, signifies a lump or clod of earth ; tomus glebae excisus, vtl dirutus ; grunius. G. Andr. derives it from hiiios-a nuto, lapso. To KNOP, v. n. To knap ; expressive of the noise made by drops of water falling on a hard body. It wes ane wonder for to se So gret an multitude, — Eschewing the dewing Of ranie Orion, That dropit and tiiopif, Baith upon trcand stone. liuiel, IVatson's Coll. ii. 23. To KNOP, V. n. To put forth buds ; or perhaps to burst, a term used as to flowers. Some knoping, some droping Of balmy liquor sweit. Chcrrie and Slae, st. 4. In the Lat. version, jam nip/a aliis. iiu.G. hiopp.a., gcnmias emittere ; knopp, gemma arborum : 'Xcut. kiioppe,\A. Knoppe van lie bloeme, caly X, folliculus, sive involucrum floris priusquam dehiscat: Kilian. KNORRY, a