Microfilmed By The LIBRARY PHOTOGRAPHIC SERVICE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 5 | CELE EEE Ebel CLLLLLLLL ELL FLTEEE Restricted HONG KONG under JAPANESE OCCUPATION A Case Study in the Enemy's Techniques of Control ji.” — - Prepared by ROBERT S. WARD lezen /5 American Consul / Detailed to the FAR RASTERN UNIT BUREAU OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC COMMERCE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE WASHINGTON, D. C. i ; r 2 Ae 11> Tle (i 2 /N =. Z "4 ce V~ 2; ( 2 ? | 211638 re a¥ ree iu 0 QO oO i 5 re £ oO ol - > + = D a t — L = 0; ¢ a0 ’ 2 , : > LD O £ = ©) ‘ + " < ww a i O C 1 [x ‘ 0 ie OL O — 4 . * ON 1B xd Q Xx : Oo 1 ’ + ” ; » + TO ; = C i= : n. : > + { : oO - + 5 . oo A + { J : i . 5 T C — CT O 3 + + QO d - N nN » ~ $ + _ + ( >» 1 . 0 ct ‘ O nN ot C i _— + “ ¢ {i © — 3 ‘ 1 D < 4 > a 1 ~ ] “< : . 3 red ped ) v \ : % » hi co hy ¢ = Pi } t t ‘ { ra - - + ? > ‘ . " 4 — 3 ae > 1 . = ; L Ss i } +f ; ' ) fre = E a > > B a0 = 1 4 — + (2 ‘ a . 3 = r 4 C 0 T LD “= Us + - 4 C 8 . ) . r Y E —~ — [ 1 oC ( \ i fe + LE ey t 0) I 4 OO << UV £3 << d £0 €O oo Bid Jou SOU ODOC OOOO 4 OO - 2. BoCeSS..... cusses a. The Destruction of Independent Strength b. The Reduction of the Population ¢. Organizational Control d. The Control of Thought 3. The Vision Estimated Dividend. . . 1. On the Debit Side 2. The Positive Gains D. The Peril... APPENDIX Page Number 103 — OC QO BRA ANA = Hh O00 pt 1B pt oO O -f- ILLUSTRATIONS Facing Page Number i Japanese Army Marching into Hong Kong 12 HONG KONG NEWS, January 12, 1942. Lt. Gen. Isogas........................ Japanese Consul-General Shaking Hands with Lt. Col. Tada Three Members of Council... . 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I Hong Kong's only airfield at 8:00 which thus opened may be divided ii tance ¢n the mainland, ended abru flank an he subsequent withdrawal movement which was completec intensified bombing and sh its opening and its close by two Japanese Colony's surrender —— both of them Nn by the deepening gravity of siege conditi tions, widespread destruction, and the ties of large-scale fifth-columnist' a fighting on the island itself, opened successful Japanese landing at North Pol and exploited throughout the following wee the defense collapsed and the Governor Y MUL £ ' of entered the city on the morning of the in which wholesale looting and r ii elements in the Chinese community were glad to respond to the overtures of the Japanese military; requested by the latter to form a committee of assistance, they promptly set up the Rehabilitation Advisory Committee. The Civil Admin- istration Department of the Japanese Army which sponsored this organization also set up a series of Chinese-staffed "District Affairs Bureaus." On February 25, 1942, Lt. General Isogai took over the office of Governor of the "Conquered Territory," modifying the administration by centering the actual control in the "Governor's Office," comprising the administrative bureaus which ran the Colony, and establishing three Japanese-staffed "Area Bureaus" for the several parts of the "Territory." To aid him in his relations with the people he created two kodies, the small "Chinese Representative Council" and the larger "Chinese Co-operative Council" to take the place of the earlier Rehabilitation Advisory Committee. Folice power was vested in the Gendarmerie, and through martial law and a system of supplementary laws and police regula- tions the Japanese sought to procure complete and minute control over the move- ments and actions of every individual resident of the Colony. The problem of overcrovding was met by the systematic expulsion from Hong Kong of perhaps half the population; the food supply was manipulated to en- courage this large-scale repatriation. A rice famine was followed by rice- rationing; the individual rations were insufficient, and the authorities tended to use the issuance of ration cards as only another rope around the neck of the local resident, Control over the commerce and industry of the Colony was achieved through the Economic Section, which used as its most important implements the Chinese Charker of Commerce, with its constituent guilds, and the Manufacturers' Union. The foreign and "hostile" Chinese tanks were liquidated; the issuance of mili- tary yen good only in Hong Kong "legalized" the draining off of the Colony's resources, while the devaluation of Hong Kong currency destroyed the value of private holdings. The transport and communications systems were restored to a controlled and limited functioning under military bureaus; the Kaitak aerodrome was -atly enlarged. There was a partial resumption of the Colony's shipping, and ge-scale and ambitious program of wooden-ship construction was irau- A house-cleansing campaign to clear the city of the filth and dead bodies that the fighting and lawlessness had left was undertaken by the Medical Depart rent; its Anti-Cholera Bureau meanwhile attempted to inoculate every one in the "Territory." If in all these things the Japanese were largely s ul in what they to co, they were even more so in the field of social and cultural con- Japanese became the tasic language; the training requirements of teach- nd the regulations governing schools turned the educational system into an integrated "East-Asia" indoctrination .achine; and the flood of anti-white sropaganda poured over the people in Hong Kong and sprayed out from the Colony in all directions may well leave marks that this generation will not erase. uccessft ci I It is tiue that the disregard which the Japanese exhibit for the welfare of the people in Hong Kong has bred a deep hostility to their rule; the ex- -iii- cesses of the soldiery, the driving out of a great part of the propertied class- es, the confiscation of factories and homes, the deliberate depression of the living standards of large sections of the population, have made the Japanese rany bitter enemies among the very Chinese whom they claim they came to liber- ate. A Chinese resident driven out of Hong Kong after being robbed of all his property, or an American businessman returning on the GRIPSHOLM after seeing his business liquidated and being held for six months in internment, will neither of them bear witness to anything but the blight the Japanese bring. Everything that Hong Kong meant to them the Japanese have destroyed; they cannot forget the starvation and the suffering and the hateful acts. And it is not unnatural that their factual and moving accounts of these things should have led the West to believe that the most chaotic conditions obtain in Hong Kong, and that there —- as well as in other parts of the con- quered territories —— the means which the Japanese employ defeat their own ends, and prevent the full economic and political exploitation of their successes. But the one vitally important fact in the whole account of the occupation of Hong Kong is simply this: every step that the Japanese have taken in the Colony has contributed to the prosecution of their aims. They want to assure the security of their forces of occupation: they turn the police control of the city over to the Gendarmerie. They want to force the Chinese to cooperate with them: they subject the whole Colony to a dose of the worst anarchy. They want to strengthen the defense of the Island: they drive out the surplus population that so embarrassed that defense when they were the attackers. They want to ensure their control of the population that remains: they im- roverish the upper and middle classes, making all alike helpless and dependent on them. There is nothing that they would not do, however savage it might be, and no sacrifice that they would not make, however costly it might prove in the lives or treasure of their subject peoples, if they believed that would serve the ends that they have so clearly in mind. Under the shell was brittle and fragile, for all the firmness of its look, an though the substance inside was abundant and fresh; under the Japane -~ shell is as hard as steel, even though the contents have been sucked almost d We cannot read the lesson of the past if we will not look at which it is written. If now we will pay no heed to the diligence the Japanese is working in his conquered lands to prepare our 1ct] we will be as unready to meet the issue that will ultimately be joined in as we were to defend Pearl Harbor on a December Sunday in 1941. -y = I. CONQUEST OF THE COLONY A. The Attack. The first official communique after the Japane: had begun, issued on the morning of December 8 by the Battle Head the British forces defending Hong Kong, stated that the general garrison had been given at 5:00 a.m. that morning and that bat been manned at dawn. It continued: ~ ™ "Demolition parties were in position at 5:30 a.n the demolitions in the forward area successfully at that teers at 9:30 a.m. At 7:30 a.m. the road demolitions on Peak Road were successively blown up. "The frontier companies are in their forward defe under the command of Major Gray. "The Japanese are field-bridging at the frontier Several parties of between 300 and 400 men have been side of the frontier and are expected to cross shortly. J "The police from the frontier posts have been drawn. were greeted with hot the R.A.F. and the Volunteers. on the ground were hit. nd casualties. of our slight damage a garrison is fully con d so far has happened exact urprise of any kind." he bombing of the Kai Tak air field was the first as a whole received that the Colony was attacked. The at 8:00, when Japanese planes were already in full vi the air port, situated just across the harbor from scheduled to leave for Manila at eight that morning, stroyed, and it is believed that as many as seven d Five planes were saved,* and it was subseque on the field one of the attacking planes had been shot down, presumab way back to its base. A second air raid occurred at about 1:30 Japanese planes attacked North Point. 3 ] My ex rd 23 xr nday and 1luesday 1 -~ ££ > on and taking off Kong to Nam } o the Colony certain ke darkness, to take “en. At 2:30 in the afternoon a combined assembly of the Executive and Legis- lative Councils, the advisory bodies assisting the appointed executive in the Government of Hong Kong, heard a formal announcement by the Governor, Sir Mark Young, that a state of war existed between the British Empire and Japan. In reply to the Governor's brief statement, Mr. M. K. Lo, speaking as the repre- sentative of the Chinese in Hong Kong, pledged their wholehearted support and loyalty. There thus opened the siege of Hong Kong. Its course falls naturally into three periods: the resistance on the mainland; the bombing and shelling of Hong Kong which followed the withdrawal from Kowloon; and the fighting conse- quent on Japanese landings on the Island itself. B. The Siege. 1. The Resistance on_ the Mainland. a. Defense of the New Territories. In some Government quarters at least it had been the confident expectation that should war break out, it would be possible to defend the New Territories from an overland Japanese attack for from two to five months, or until it might be possible to receive relief and reinforcements. All other preparations had evidently been predicated on this assumption, and there were no developments during the first two days of the fighting giving the residents of Hong Kong any indication of the fact that events in other parts of the Pacific and of the world had already rendered it untenable. The positions were naintained intact during Monday, and in the sharp skirmishing with advanced Japanese patrols which were reported to have occurred on Tuesday, the communiques pictured all attacks as having been repulsed. The official communique issued at 10:00 a.m. on Wednesday stated in part: "The Japanese launched a heavy attack on our positions at 1 a.m. this morning from the Shing Mun Valley and the direction of Needle Hill. Some penetration of our forward defenses occurred but the attack has for the moment been halted. Fighting is continuing. In spite of extremely poor visibility our artillery of all natures has put in some very effective shooting." A further communique issued during the afternoon of the same day said: "Two attacks from the direction of Shing Mun have been beaton off and the situation has been stabilized at approximately this morn- ing's position. There has been no substantial change. ...Two boat- loads of the enemy attempted to cross Tide Cove and land on East Shore. Both boats were sunk by machine gun fire, and the remnant of the landing party was wiped out on the beach. Reports reaching Head- quarters testify to the effectiveness of our artillery fire last night." -—3 A third communique, issued at 5:00 p.m., stated: "Positions on the mainland were maintained during the afternoon. The enemy brought up artillery support on the Castle Peak Road and engaged Stonecutters Island. Our naval units in the vicinity replied, and those were later supported by Stonecutters and Island Defense guns. Our field artillery on the mainland hotly engaged enemy troops concentrations during the afternoon. Good results were observed. Our casualties during these engagements were very light." The artillery fire was particularly heavy, lasting throughout the day and well into the night. There were four fairly heavy air raids in the course of the day, although no one of them engaged more than six planes, and none during the night. Meanwhile a message "of confidence and encouragement" in their ordeal had been addressed by His Majesty the King to his government and people in Hong Kong. "I have every trust in your leadership and in the spirit of fearless devotion which will uphold the garrison and people of Hong Kong... under God's providence all the efforts of the enemy will be brought to nought." His Ex- cellency the Governor replied, "We are indeed cheered by the words which the King has addressed to his people in Hong Kong and every one of us will do his utmost to be worthy of His Majesty's confidence." On the same day steps were taken to meet the food scarcity created in the Colony by the action of the rice and other food shops in closing their doors at the outbreak of the war. The Government gazetted an order compelling every undertaking for the sale of food to keep.open from 8 a.m. until sunset, and an official of the Food Control Department broadcast an assurance that there was plenty of food in the Colony for everyone, foreigners and Chinese alike. As a further earnest of this fact, and to quiet public fears, the opening of free Food Kitchens was begun. Although during the early hours of Thursday morning enemy shelling appeared to be appreciably closer and was very heavy, it evidently did relatively little damage to the morale of the defenders, and the communique issued during the forenoon said, reassuringly: "It has been a quiet night and there is nothing to report. Some shelling of the Island took place but it had only a nuisance value. Damage and casualties are insignificant.” Newspapers and other organs in contact with the public were at the same time informed that the Military Authorities wanted it made generally known that from that time fcrward the north side of Hong Kong Island was under observa- tion from enemy artillery posts and would be subjected to intermittent and probably accurate enemy shelling. There were the usual series of air-alerts throughout Thursday, and the only notable development other than the more intense shelling was the issuance of an order by the Auxiliary Quartering Corps to all those persons on the Peak ORIGINAL DEFECTIVE dl 1 -D = or Mid-levels, who had previously been informed that in an emergency their houses would be taken over for billeting purposes, that they should pack up and Indi be ready to move at 5:00 p.m. That evening they were given billeting cards ba Beis through the Streets of Kowloon. They were success stating the accomodations alloted to them. th y evacus ed this MOrning in broad daylight on a Star Ferry from e stern of which they continued the .action by machine-gun fire in the face of heavy enemy fire. 39rgun 1ire in "A remarkable rearguard action was fought by about 100 men of an ttle Headquarters issued on Friday In the official communique of the Ba ss of operations on the mainland: morning there was no reference to the progre "The Island was subjected to a certain amount of sporadic tom— pardment by aircraft and artillery during the day, and for a short to 1 | period during the night, but casualties were very low, and damage o the Chinese population. negligible. It is probable that during the next week or so, the 5 : Island will be subjected to some bombing and shellfire, but if the For their own safety the population is warned to keep away public profits by its experience of taking cover and of dispersal, all waterfronts." casualties can be kept very low. ’ : The withdrawal from Kowloon which this statement reported "The G.0.C.* would like to congratulate the civil population on guted under the impulsion of the most stringent military necessity their calm confidence and steadiness, and assures them that if they bt could have been carried out not only without the Japanese susp 4 will continue in this gallant manner they have nothing to fear." vas 1h progress, but without the Chinese having any inkling of it completed, is truly remarkable. The Japanese attack wh vy ich b. The Abandonm 2.0, on Wednesday morning had evidently continued toe day morning there ap Veanestny sa lisihosh) the defending lines broke on the left 2:30 p.m.: nr Oya Sots were forced to fall back. The Japanese, smeared wad of the dirt and clay. banks gver which, they crevled.. had managed fo "We have successfully evacuated our troops, supplies, and essen- trate through the lines and to take.one of the Royal Scots' ey tial services from Kowloon. Yesterday the enemy pressed his attack positions by surprise. According to an authentic British account with vigor and in the face of superior numbers We had to fall back. git] agtion, . the defenders displuyed Ihe greauest individual It will be appreciated that the bulk of our garrison has, from the ound themselves with the Japanese both in front and back of then first hours of the battle. When they gave wa} the OBRaeaTl i beginning, had to be retained on the Island to safeguard our main ; ay. base came inevitable.* ent of Kowloon. In the SOUTH CHINA MORNING FOST of Satur- peared the following communique, issued as of Friday, This movement had presumably been begun late Wednesday "The position we have now reached is as follows: We have re- ; ceeded throughout the night. Some refugees from. Kowloon y ~~ - Ad vy Vai tired within our Fortress and from the shelter of our main defenses we will hold off the enemy until the strategic situation permits of 1 i % ii! day night, and it is certainly true that they had bee Ferry services stopped at about noon on Thursday, and kind across the harbor was available on Friday. Rewl0on 1s sters were evidently the first to discover what had AasTaned days they were in complete control of the A ind forcing the financially better-off among -the residents to purchase the protection of t various "uni vy id "Emphasis is placed on the word 'Fortress' - every man and woman must contribute a war effort to this end. There is every reason for confidence. Both military and civil authorities have for a long time been working to a situation where reserves of food, guns and ammuni- Ws tion are ample for a protracted defense on a siege scale. There is tributions every reason for confidence. The garrison is in good spirits and the cn ——————————————babieii . staunchness of the civil population 1s marked. The simple task before * Honor too is due the Indians, who fought valiantly, every one of us now is to hold firm. inteers, who held their ground and died where they stood "Qur losses during all engagements on the mainland have been comparatively light, and the troops gained a valuable time lag for civil defense measures to swing into action. * General Officer Commanding. Territories into Kowloon Proper un EE ————— . SE —— or er SIT ama I Sa . : TR TAHA -_ TP oy ih opi ——— A — -6 = to maintain public safety." The Japanese themselves did not cross the New til the evening of Friday.* c. The First Peace Offer. In these circumstances it was not unnatural that the Japanese should offer to negotiate with the British defenders for the surrender of the Island. They did this on Saturday morning, a mission headed by a Lieutenant Colonel with two junior officers crossing the harbor to Queen's Pier with two British women as hostages. A subsequent communique (issued at 5:30 p.m., Monday, December 15, 1941) describes this mission and the British reply in the following words: "It can now be revealed that the Japanese delegation, which came over from Kowloon under the cover of a white flag, brought a letter enquiring if H. E. the Governor was willing to negotiate for the sur- render of Hong Kong. His Excellency rejected this proposal, and re- plied that he was not prepared in any circumstances to hold any meet- ing or parley on such a subject. "Not only is this Colony strong enough to resist all attempts at invasion but it has the loyal tacking of the resources and peoples of the British Empire, of the United States of America, and of the Republic of China. British subjects, and those who have sought the protection of the British Empire, can rest assured that there will never be any surrender to the Japanese."* C. R. Lee, wife of the Goveinor's Private Secretary, * Mrs. Precaution Warden in Kowloon, is quoted as saying (when she Ww "Like so many people on the Kowloon side, It was Thursday afternoon... a I went to the station to in- We were making who was serving as an Air Raid as brought over by a Japanese "Peace Mission" as hostage): I was unaware of the evacuation of Kowloon util it was virtually completed. bomb fell near... I saw several bodies lying in the street... I found nobody there. We could not tell what to do.. form the police. t when the Japanese made their first shift with whatever light we could arrange on Friday nigh m It is of course obvious that anything less than complete secrecy would have the numerous members, Chinese and foreign, of the air raid pre- caution squads and other civilian corps could not all have been informed in advance. The fact that they had to be abandoned along with Kowloon was nevertheless one of the tragedies of the defense, and one of the circumstances most often cited by critics of its course, especially after the fall of Hong Kong. * The positive wording of this reply, and the ately adopted by the British defenders of the Co whom any suggestion of equivocation in language wou ready regarded the situation as hopeless. appearance. endangered the withdrawal: defiance of its tone, were doubtless deliber- lony to reassure the Chinese population, to 1d have meant that the high command al- The Second Phase. a. The Intersified Bembing and Shelling of Hong Kong. Hong Kong had already entered the second phase of its struggle when this offer was rejected. The shelling on Thursday had been netiaeatily move intense and continued to increase thereafter both in intensity and AOCUTACY The first air raid of Friday morning was the twenty-first which the Colony had wnder one since the opening of hostilities, and there were five more on the Sais doy go air-raid alert being "on" most of the morning and early afternoon. i rn Key-noting the more desperate situation in which the Colony now found itself, the Governor on Saturday issued a statement addressed to the Civil Defense Services, in which he thanked them, and stated: "There is before you a task that can and will be done if you go to it with all your courage and all your might. The defense of Hong Kong against the aggressor is going to be the finest page in the Colony's history. See that your name is written on that page good fortune to you all." | The bund was now regarded as the "front line, ed in sandbags and barbed-wire entanglements, and was deserted by it being widely feared that the rejection of the peace offer w : by a crossing directly over the harbor. Saturday passed rela however, there being only two air raids, no new developments and no attempt at a landing on the Island. On Sunday there were markedly sharg air raid with six planes taking part in tice which was now becoming more and more frequent, heavily populated areas of the Island, dropping nese telling the populace of the pride and ! who were, these documents alleged, sacrificing tain a futile defense. As was usual when eneny | \ircraft fire was continuious, and was credited Monday (the 15th of December) saw both bombing nt sified, with eight air alerts, and continual } Japanese plane was shot down in Stanley Bay, and been winged. Two vessels could be seen burning in Kowloon British batteries. All of the steam launches, ferries, and other steam craft that had been moored on the Hong Kong side were scuttled. A communique issued at 10:00 a.m. on Tuesday morning stated had been quiet, with no change in the position; one at tro~thir r in the after- noon repeated the assertion that there had been no change; a sees in tue evening reported: "There has been a sharp artillery duel with the enemy through- out the day, with our guns maintaining their ascendancy. We suceeeds ed in silencing two of the enemy's gun positions this morning, and another one this afternoon. Our batteries suffered no damage." 4 -8'- There had been four air raids in the morning and three in the afternoon, in the course of which the city had been bombed and pamphlets had again been dropped. Of the artillery action it was said, with literal truth, that there was a continual stream of shells overhead. Wednesday morning it was even worse. Hong Kong was experiencing perhaps the worst bombing and shelling that she had received, or was to receive, through- out the war. The objectives appeared to lie, for the first time, in the con- gested business districts in the center of the town. A simultaneous bombard- ment was carried out. The Hong Kong Hotel, the Gloucester Hotel, and the Hong Kong Shanghai Bank Building were all struck, although the damage done was relatively slight and the casualties were reported to have been light. The clock on the Gloucester Tower, which had kept accurate time through all pre- vious bombardments, was evidently strafed by a dive bomber and stopped dead. b. The Situation of the Besieged. At the beginning of the second week of the war, the Controller of Land Transport issued a notice (in the "Gazette Extraordinary") stopping all private motoring, and limiting the sale of petrol to certain designated pumps, where officers of the Transport Service checked on all persons desiring to buy it. Nearly all of the privately-owned cars and trucks in the Colony had been requisitioned much earlier in the conflict; but this order stopped what remained of private traffic. The busses had been re- quisitioned, and the tram service, which for days had run only from dawn to dusk, was now indefinitely suspended. Shop fronts throughout the business district were boarded over by their proprietors, such business as was done being, with a few exceptions, carried on through little peep holes or half-sized doors in the boarding. Everywhere glass store fronts and window panes were criss-crossed with pasted slips of paper, to prevent them from shattering with the constant reverberations of shell fire and the continual thudding of exploding bombs or shells. The streets were sprayed with rubble of plaster and bricks, and were in some places piled so high with debris as to be impassable. Many houses and buildings, particularly those of the older type of construction, were pulver- ized. The unremitting shelling made whole blocks uninhabitable even in areas where the actual damage was relatively lighter. As the hostilities progressed, more and more of the Mid-level and Peak dwellings were literally blown off the side of the hill —- among them the residence of the American Consul General, whose home was totally wrecked. The effects of the bombing and shelling greatly increased the congestion which the presence of a large refugee population had caused. Their influx in the years between 13937 and 1941 had more than doubled the number of people living in the Colony, and many of them even before the war had slept on the streets. Now the problems of public sanitation, as well as those involved in the maintenance of order, were many times multiplied. The regular collection of garbage had to be suspended, and the public was being urged to burn or bury their own refuse. The system of night-soil collection was breaking down, and on Tuesday, December 16, running water was turned off all over the city except between the hours of six and nine.in the morning and 3:30 to 6:30 in the after- Hong Kong, themselves confronted with what they apprehended there to to the British to effect a junction with them. Rl noon. Later on in the week the supply to large areas was cut off altogethe and some shift had to be made with what water could be gotten from long-unuse wells which were now reopened. Well over a hundred thousand people were being fed daily at kitchens opened and run by the Office of the Food Controller. cach day to queue up at dawn, and wait patiently for their turns. vere queues also at such of the rice shops as had been prevailed upon to and at most of the other stores that sold essential provisions. At the class stores it was the practice to admit only a few customers at a time, ing the line to wait outside. The Medical and Sanitary Controller londay that he was making every effort to procure the reopening of ast ninimum number of chemist shops, to permit the public to obtain essential dru Because handbills dropped from Japanese planes vas captured Hong Kong notes in demoninations accepted, the poorer Chinese began hoarding smal th had almost disappeared from circulation, partially supplied by a large issuance of notes, over-printed as Hong Kong $1.00 bills. The arcades of the Gloucester and Hong business area were crowded with fami d sleeping in them for such protection as th he bombing and shelling. There in the many air-raid tunnels throughout ildings in the were ituation of itself rapidly, and the first-aid, food, ontinuing their functions ind and th nis Ss 3 +s Friraci ana inese or kurasians, £ A forts to nm aintain Churchill, published on all watching day by day anc All our hearts are with y istance brings near our certain But 5 1 his period that an attitude of disaffection discernible the Chinese was tending to dissipate the Government' the rank and file of the people whom it wthorities had always feared existence of and after the withdrawal from the mainla t he Vall mong the Chinese populace. A sign of this apprehensic sumably at the instance of the Government, of a he leading Chinese citizen in Hong Kong, appealing assist the Government in way pos n the treacherous conduct of unruly elements. defenders, and asserted that the A second such apj statemen every Q Sealed Stocks and Premises. A second action of the Japanese authori- ties, which in its effects represented an extension of the looting, was the wholesale sealing of stocks that were not to be immediately removed, and of premises which either had not yet been looted or which appeared to the authori- ties to be desirable localities for their offices or businesses. The sealing consisted simply in pasting big Japanese seals, which it would be an offense against martial law for any unauthorized person to break, over the doors of the id godowns or premises affected. In this operation the Army and Navy were vigorous rivals one of the other, and to some Chinese it seemed that the two branches of | the Japanese armed services were each rushing about trying to snatch as much of the booty from the other as it could. The result of this competitive spirit was that in a very short time all stocks which had not been moved to Japan and all useful premises in the business sections of Hong Kong, as well as the better | class private residences, were sealed. C. The Surrender. The Decision. On the morning of December 25, Christmas Day, the Governor Re as pas message to his people: it urged them to have faith in the olony's defenders, and said that there was no reason why H be held indefinitely. Poids ul Meanwhile the base was again crumbling away from beneath this high wall of courageous intent. The Canadian forces which had been defending the Mt. Cameron sector had been driven from it, and at about noon on that same Christmas Day the decision was taken to surrender. It is stated to have been communicated to the Japanese at 2:30 that afternoon, the surrender taking effect at 4:00. Sir Mark Young was required to proceed across the Harbor to the Peninsula Hotel in Koti loon, where formal capitulation of the Colony was accepted on December26 The Japanese Army entered the city at dawn on the following day. | SUTRA actu Sin NS —— . _—... - RA i ot gi . ae plea 8 - 4 = II. THE PFRIOD_OF_ LOOTING For the first day and a half following the sudden denouement in the drama of the "Fortress," the whole colony lay in a state of dazed and quiescent ex- rectancy. The city itself was still unoccupied, such Japanese troops as were in evidence having moved in quite gradually. This lull continued until the full force of the conquering army entered the city on the morning of the 27th. The phase which then opened was more than anything else a period of loot- ing. A. The Conqueror's Cut. 1. Out Shipments. The pillaging was inaugurated by the military authori- ties themselves, and it is rare in the annals of warfare that a territory as small as Hong Kong should offer such immense loot. As has been indicated, the Colony was literally a storehouse of provisions and materials of every sort. Not only had the Government forehandedly built up stocks of essential commodi- ties in preparation for resistance to a siege of from four to six months, but the shortage of shipping which had become acute in the summer of 1941 had brought about an accumulation of stock-piles in the city's godowns that repre- sented in some commodities at least a supply sufficient for the Colony for from two to three years. It had been possible to destroy only a small part of these supplies, and the Japanese authorities were employed for days in locating the balance of them, assembling them, and getting them aboard the ships which were brought into Hong Kong harbor to take them away, presumably to Japan. All of the automobiles in Hong Kong were collected, most of them being placed either on the Race Course or the Cricket Field, where they stood for weeks before they were finally removed. A few of them were retained intact in the Colony; some were stripped down to procure the engines and parts, but by far the greatest number of them were eventually shipped out. Quantities of metal and scrap were removed, and some of the industrial plants were stripped of their machinery. The major part of these activities had been concluded in the first ten days of the occupation, but occasional removals of valuable lots of scrap and other things by the Japanese continued through the period for which information is available, all of this booty apparently going directly to Japan. o> Sealed Stocks and Premises. A second action of the Japanese authori- ties, which in its effects represented an extension of the looting, was the wholesale sealing of stocks that were not to be immediately removed, and of premises which either had not yet been looted or which appeared to the authori- ties to be desirable localities for their offices or businesses. The sealing consisted simply in pasting big Japanese seals, which it would be an offense against martial law for any unauthorized person to break, over the doors of the godowns or premises affected. In this operation the Army and Navy were vigorous rivals one of the other, and to some Chinese it seemed that the two branches of the Japanese armed services were each rushing about trying to snatch as much of 8 the booty from the other as it could. The result of this competitive spirit was that in a very short time all stocks which had not been moved to Japan and Hi kad all useful premises in the business sections of Hong Kong, as well as the better | i pos class private residences, were sealed. fs 5 | 2 B. Individual Enterprise. 1. Perhaps the most picturesque phase of this period of loot- ing grew out rather of individual initiative than of the collective activities of the Japanese Army and Navy; for weeks following their entry into Hong Kong, every individual Japanese soldier seemed to be trying to outdo every other in looting, the most desired objects evidently being wrist watches and fountain pens. They appeared to be almost as much interested in wrist watches as they were in rape, and many a sturdy private marched proudly about the streets of Hong Kong in the first days of the occupation with his left arm covered from wrist to elbow with one watch after another. The process of collecting these was the simple one of sticking a gun or a bayonet into anyone they could find, in or out of doors, and pointing to their victim's left wrist to indicate what they wanted. Fountain pens were next in the order of preciousness and were collected by much the same means. The childishness* which marked these relative- ly minor depredations would have been amusing had there not been so many evi- dences of other much more vicious activities on the part of the same soldiery. Of course, these looting activities spread into much wider fields, and for weeks the Chinese found it necessary to make a present of practically anything any Japanese wanted, rather than risk the consequences of irritating him by haggling over prices. which this period of anarchy afforded, although from an objective standpoin they perhaps had a far greater justification, the collapse of the ordinary life of the community having left them in many cases without food or fuel or money to buy either. Hundreds of the poorest Chinese swarmed over the higher levels of the hillside facing the harbor, where most of the better residences had been, and onto the Peak itself, looting everything that they could put their hands on Many of these homes had suffered from the shelling, and the billeting systen enforced by the British during the abortive defense of the Island had in almos every case removed the original tenants from them, sO that they were in cases fully furnished and vacant, open to anyone who passed on the road. the most valuable objets d'arts, the higher priced radios, the other objec easily recognizable value would already have been carted away by the Japan but the Chinese looters found plenty in what was left. Toward the end, all the furniture had been broken up and every thing portable removed, tearing down of wood work and fixtures began. In one house on May Road, instance, after it had been completely stripped of moveable property, the 1 ers tore out all the window frames on the second story, took up the floors, down all the panelling, and then backed down stairs, step by step, tearing ur the stairway after them as they went, taking it out completely. They then pro- ceeded on the first floor as they had on the second. 2. hinese. The Chinese themselves, however, unity * One foreigner, who happened to be Swiss and who therefore was supposed by the Japanese to be necessarily an expert on watches, was approached by various Japanese soldiers, whi i with their rifles on him, that he evaluate such them why it wouldn't run. More than once the writer has seen two of these mental ten-year-olds meeting - wv 11h ~~ wn ~} + "1 and such a watich or tell street, each with his shirt-sleeve pulled back to his shoulder to show the other the extent and variety of his collection. - 16 = It was natural that the Japanese should resent this competition, and it was not an uncommon sight to see a Japanese gendarme or guard taking pot-shots at Chinese in the act of looting some house or other on the side of the hill. In other cases the looters were arrested and executed (after the Japanese had impounded their booty), but, generally speaking, this phase of the looting con- tinued until its resources were exhausted. 3. Foreign. Some of the foreigners in Hong Kong, that is to say, the British, American, and other "European" nationals, who themselves were in the main the chief victims of this orgy of looting, did a little looting on their own. The head butcher of the Dairy Farm, a British subject married to a Chin- ese and long a resident of Hong Kong, is said to have "turned over" to the Japanese, and to have tecome one of the leading spirits in the Japanese Inves- tigation Corps, where his brutality and dishonesty have been described as being remarkable even in the group with which he was working. He is reported, for instance, to have taken over all the property in two of the best apartment houses* on May Road. He is also rumored to have been interested in diamonds and precious stones of which he is said now to have a considerable collection. There were several other notable examples of European looting, and at least one group of interned American nationals were forced to loot, at considerable per- sonal risk, to acquire some of the articles absolutely essential to their well being. ** C. Flower Girls. The Japanese soldiery did not stop at looting. On the night of the assault on the Island, when the official assurances of the Colonial Government had left the whole residential area in western Wanchai unaware of the closeness of its danger, home after home was surprised by squads of the toughest Jap soldiers in the first wave of the landing party, who made no ceremony of shooting the men and raping the women. In one well-authenticated case, a European and his daughters were at dinner together, with no intimation that anything was amiss, when suddenly a squad of Japanese burst into the room, ordering the father out onto the lawn of the house, where they bound him and left him to listen to his daughters' screams. The girls they took down to the basement, and each man of the squad is said to have raped each of them. This was just a starter: It is certainly not the only incident in which, in the days and weeks that followed, white women were brutally raped. Their officers had evidently cautioned the Japanese soldiery against the bad effects of the wholesale raping of Chinese women, because they had all learned the Cantonese "Fa Ku Niang" - "Flower Girls," a euphemism for prosti- tutes. Breaking into Chinese homes in the middle of the night, and yelling their savage orders in Japanese, that single expression was usually the only one that was intelligible to the frightened householders: the soldiers them- selves quickly reduced its use to a more formality, on the assumption that every * These reports have come to the writer's attention because the individual in question is alleged to have taken over the apartment which had been the writer's, and where a consider- able quantity of the latter's property had been stored. - RSW. ** It was necessary, for instance, for consular internees to go out and search for and take the water filters that afforded them the only protection they had against the very polluted water supply which was all that was available to them. These and other necessary articles were not supplied to them by the Japanese and they had no alternative but to take them, risking being shot by their guards the while. -yr 4 woman they saw and wanted was a "Flower Girl" anyway. Women so used had no agency to which to report the fact, and usually they did their best to hide it. But there were too many detailed and factual stories for all of them to be false; and in one instance that was reported to the writer on good authority and that may be taken as typical, a Chinese woman of good family was raped three times in one night, her last attacker leaving a ten yen note in her hand. In another, a large number of women were herded in one room, and despatched one by one into another room, where squads of Japanese soldiers "worked over" them. Later on a penalty of three months imprisonment under military law was laid down by the Japanese for soldiers against whom charges of rape could be proved to the satisfaction of their superiors, and there seems to have been some desire on the part of the authorities to lessensthe evil, if not to eliminate it. There are, however, fairly well-authenticated cases as late as the latter part of August 1942%. D. Chinese Reaction. It seems obvious now that Hong Kong was subjected to this unnecessarily prolonged period of anarchy as a primary "technique of con- trol" to force the Chinese population to a realization of their position, of the fact that they would have to accept Japanese domination, and their leaders would have to cooperate with the Japanese to maintain even the most kasic essentials of livelihood. The looting and rape had been only phases of the situation 1n which the Chinese found themselves: the wholesale flight of the more well-to-co left the community without shops or commercial services, and even those who re- nained could do no business because their stores had been sealed and their stocks confiscated. Doctors, dentists, and other professional men disappeared. Leaders of integrity who had served under the Governments of Hong Kong or China faded into the masses, and many of them managed to slip away. Food was very difficult to procure; only small denominations of the Hong Kong notes were of any known value, and those had largely vanished as the result of hoarding. in a very brief period. The facts were at first too hard for the public to face: not three hours after the surrender the city was alive with the most extravagant rumors and reports. Typical of these was the widely accepted assertion that a Mr. Gimson, the former British Colonial Secretary, was to be appointed Governor by the Japanese, who were 10 maintain British authority on the Island just as it has been prior to the fall. Other rumors were that Italy had laid down her arms and was suing Bri- tain for peace; that Finland had negotiated a separate peace; that Marshall Petain had committed suicide; that there had been a revolution in France against the Nazi regime; and so on, ad infinitum. These fantasies were the last projec- tions of faith in a superiority which had never really existed, and when they All of these things had come about Although it must also be noted that a Chinese who left Hong Kong in the fall of 124 ports that at that time the once dreaded appellation "Flower Girl," had come to be more o & 1 monly used by the Japanese soldiers as a rather than as a signal that they were about to rape them. some of the more attractive of the younger Chinese women had particular Japanese men, preferring that form of servitude to the continual risk of rape It is said too that by that time "accepted" the "protection" of and consequent disease. -38 too burst like bubbles, there was the sharpest *reaction.* Among the Chinese this reaction was naturally the most sweeping where there had been the most complete reliance upon British protection, but no literate Chinese escaped it. Perhaps the best expression of this feeling appeared in a very bitter editorial published in the Japanese controlled HONG KONG NEWS of January 14 (1942) which said, inter alia: "Today the British and Americans have a much greater respect for the Oriental soldier —— for in Hong Kong, Malaya, and the Philippines the outcome has been the same: the vaunted supermen of the white race have melted like butter ¢ "In eighteen days of conflict it was all over —— a horrible muddle of inefficiency and helplessness which has bequeathed a miserable aftermath."** This widespread feeling of betrayal and disgust was to be very cleverly ex- ploited by the Japanese in their efforts to enlist Chinese cooperation in the control of Hong Kong. Meanwhile, the first concrete evidence that the Chinese community had had enough of anarchy and would welcome almost any alternative was afforded the Japanese in a long petition drawn up on December 31 by the Executive Committee of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, comprising nineteen of its members under the Chairmanship of TUNG Chung-wei. The petition, which was early brought to the attention of the Japanese military but was not formally presented until January 10, covered nine essential services in which the disruption of supplies gravely endangered the community: food, fuel, water, electricity, telephones, public safety, currency, communications, and prostitution; the last was regarded by the city fathers as one of the most important, since as long as the regular brothels remained closed, just so long would Japan's soldiery demand the serv- ices of family women as their "Flower Girls." * A curious reflection of the inability of many Hong Kong people to understand the full im- plications of their situation appears in a letter dated the 28th of December, 1941, written by this same Mr. Gimson to one Colonel Ckada of the Japanese Military Headquarters in Hong Kong. (See Enclosure No. 2). It will be noted that in this document Mr. Gimson, who signs himself as the "Colonial Secretary, Governor's Representative," refers to one Mr. Gibson, whom he states is the "Petrol Controller," and says of him that "(he) is in charge of the petrol supplies of the Island, and could be of considerable assistance to you in arranging for the distribution and arrangement of these supplies when necessary," and adds in a second paragraph, "Any results reached as a result of this discussion will be, as usual, subject to my approval," Even if it represented an effort to comply with the terms of capitulation, it is still a strangely worded document: it brings forward into the present tense things which nad ceased to be true three days before, and ignores events which, however recently they might have transpired, were already as much a part of history as was the death of Nelson. It is in all honor that Mr. Gibson's name appears here: he labored with real heroism in every place and circumstance to aid the British and American communities, seeing things more clearly than most. ** Almost certainly the work of a very intelligent Eurasian who wrote for one of the leading Hong Kong papers before the war, this editorial is believed to be an authentic reflection of the thinking of many Hong Kong Chinese after the Colony's capture, although it was obviously published for propaganda purposes. It's whole text is given in Enclosure No. 4 to this report. - 10 = III. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONTROLS. As we have seen, the shock and confusion of the period affected every as- pect of Hong Kong's life, paralyzing the social organization of the city.” When, with the passage of time, it became clear to the Japanese that they could count upon at least a minimum of Chinese cooperation, they began to attempt the res ation of order, at the same time seeking the revival of the separate phas the community's existence, imposing upon each the forms of control which felt were most likely to bind it to their purposes. This process proceeded unevenly, being in some instances undertaken immed- jately, and in others only after weeks or months. Therefore, in examining the development of these controls, we will consider one by one the phases of organ- ization to which they were applied, reaching back where necessary to the date of the city's fall. A. Administrative Organization. It was the stated intention of the Japan- ese military upon their occupation of Hong Kong to govern it as pt fortress under military bureaus, and although most observers were ag they proved much less efficient as administrators than they had been a: in the field they never swerved from that simple program. 1. Martial Law. In line with this purpose the first act of the Commander- in-Chief of the invading army was to issue on the day of the fall of Hong Kong a proclamation placing the Colony under martial law.** This proclamation a ted for the military governor the broadest power and made any action or lion against the Imperial Army, any act of espionage, Or "any action would endanger the safety of the members of the Imperial Army obstruction to military movement," crimes against martial law an under it, the sentences enumerated being death, imprisonment, banishment and confiscation. It gave so broad a list of the articles which mi fiscated in connection with the commission of an offense against to make it possible for the military to take over any or all of offender's property. In effect, the proclamation served simply to give some semblance ity to any action which the Japanese military wanted to take under their control. It was published regularly in English language newspaper and in the Chinese press for the first the occupation; but it served only to give public notice of the situation which every resident of Hong Kong was already being made well aware, tha that the military intended to do exactly as they pleased. Except a to assure the security of the forces of occupation -- its primary and to intimidate to some extent the criminal fringe of the Chinese it probably only added to the anarchy which existed. * But death notices continued to appear; mothers kept on having children, of proper medical care made the risk both to the new life and the old a ho every day the papers carried advertisements of the intention to wed, inserted by could not wait for the reopening of the office of the Registrar of Marriages ** See Enclosure No. 5, "Proclamation of the Commander-in-Chief of the Army of - 20 - 5 (Civil Administration Department Fstablished. On the 2nd of January, 1942, there was announced the establishment of the first regular governmental organization for the administration of the civil population of Hong Kong. It was called the "Civil Department of the Japanese Army" (later the "Civil Admin- istration Department"*). Major General Yazaki, a ranking officer of the occupy- ing army, was nominated its chief. Its office was established in the Hong Kong Shanghai Bank; the first press report describing it stated that other officers had been deputed to function on its staff, and that it had opened on January 1. Some of the subordinate officers of the department were civilians and the clerical staff appears to have been largely Chinese. A Hong Kong Bureau of the Department (i.e., for Hong Kong Island) was subsequently opened under a civilian Japanese, one Mr. Sometani. GENERAL SAKAI FETES H.K. CHINESE LEADERS at ions of Chinese society in | on Saturday. General Sakai spoke of the currency problem and * ina, . ® 1re uction of Hong- Sakai, Supreme South Ch the Peace and Cruiser Galatea Torpedoed EE —— | } | | | | | rate in this | In the Department's first notice, issued on the day of its establishment, it declared: M.Y. 0.05. H.K. 10 Cents Forces y and | en Des Prosperity y > "The Japanese Army seized Hong Kong with the object of sweeping out British and American influence from the Far East and establishing a New Order in East Asia, freeing the races of East Asia. The Jap- anese Army assumes responsibility for the protection of the lives and property of the Chinese people and they must resume their businesses, fearlessly placing their confidence in the Japanese Army. Chinese | Es ————— n for the reconstr General Takash f the cit He said he would make | PRICE inese Justices of ing all sect the ieut- ial Japanese Ee ———. by L Chief of the Imper tion of Hongkong "With the object of protecting the Chinese people, the Japanese Army has established an office in the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank Building, first floor, Queen's Road, for dealing with the civil affairs. All Chinese dwelling in Hong Kong must rely on the Japanese army and aid the above office to pacify the people and make Hong Kong flourish. The above office sets its hopes on this.** the cleansing © iven to 133 former Ch Peninsula Hote ished leaders represent iven A second notice issued at the same time stated that the Hong Kong Govern- ment was now under the protection of the Japanese Army and that, with the excep- tion of British officials, all of those formerly serving in the Government ought to resume their functions as soon as possible; that they should not transgress the law nor act in a disorderly manner; that if they were caught doing so, no leniency would be shown them. All lakor and shops were instructed to resume business as soon as possible, and not to "act contrary to law" or "else they will be dealt with." for the reconstruc and expressed the hope that eneral outline of the steps take Ag kong and Kowloon was g Commander-in- a luncheon g uests present would do their best to co-ope direction. Expresses Ke For Common other distingu the Rose Room of the the tasks of restoring order, and the reopening of business. every effort Kowloon, ¥ - ! MONDAY, JANUARY 12, 1942. A third notice informed the people of Hong Kong that with a view to restor- ing conditions in the Colony, the Japanese Army was doing it's utmost to repair the water, electrical and gas systems, but warned that "any persons found wasting water will be dealt with according to Japanese Army law without any leniency." *** Lieut- Sakai, .in-Chief of the in South of Takashi Forces China. * Paralleling the "Military Administration Department" (or "Office") in military affairs. »* See Enclosure No. 5, "Assurance to Population,” for the complete text of the notice, which appeared in the Japanese-controlled HONG KONG NEWS of January 2, 1942. *»** See Enclosure No. 7, "Chinese Civil Servants," and No. 8, "Water Supply Notice," both published January 2 (as of January 1) 1942, by direction of the Civil (Administration) De- partment of the Japanese Army. portrait ommander ~ C Japanese New General VOL. XXX No. 135 -ll = 3. Efforts to Procure Chinese Cooperation. Although the Japanese counted to no small extent on the inevitable Chinese reaction against the period of anarchy to procure their cooperation in the Government of Hong Kong, they did not limit themselves to such subtle methods. One of their first steps after their entry into the Colony was to corral as quickly as possible all Chinese leaders of the Hong Kong community who could be found, together with any Chinese of national importance who happened to be caught there. These men were usually :aken to one or another of the large hotels —-- although some of them were kept incommunicado in their own homes —- and subjected to every sort of pressure and every kind of appeal to enlist their "voluntary" support for the objectives of Japan in Asia. Two of them, Dr. W. W. Yen and Eugene Ch'en, both of whom had in the course of their careers been foreign ministers in the Chinese Government, were held in adjoining rooms of the Hong Kong Hotel. They were well fed and quite well treated, but were not permitted to communicate with any one, not even with each other, although they had been in former days political opponents. In the case of these two men, however, the Japanese objectives went beyond the question of Hong Kong's government; it was reported via the "underground" that Yen was offered the post of Foreign Minister in the Nanking regime, while another minis- terial post was to be given Ch'en.* On January 10, 1942, 133 of the Chinese who had been recipients of \ttentions, and who were described in the Japanese-controlled press as Chinese Justices of the Peace and other distinguished leaders representin sections of Chinese society", were brought together at a luncheon held ir largest ball room in the Peninsula Hotel, at which Lieutenant General Takashi Sakai, the Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Forces in South China, was thel host. He had commanded the army which had taken Hong Kong, and there were pr ent with him many of his ranking subordinates, In his speech** to the assembled Chinese Gener 1 Sakai stated that: ( he had not been fighting the Chinese of Hong Kong, "for whom we have the deepest sympathy" and whom he hoped would understand the "object of co-prosperity fo 11 the races of Great East Asia," he had not used "artillery and large bombs in order to avoid hurting the common people and damaging the city;" I British Colonial Administration only planned for its own profit; it used Chinese Volunteers, Canadians, and Indians in the front English soldiers '"fear death and covet life;" (3) the Chinese and tl are the same people and have the same literature and belong to th East Asian race;" the many Chinese "in all the islands of South were members of "our race," and he hoped that his words might also be mitted to them, so that they too might "join in the establishment of East Asia;" (4) he would spare no effort to make Hong Kong and Kowloon "where people may reside in peace." He asked his guests to form a local a nce committee to exert all their strength to help him. * The Japanese House of Representatives is reported to have been informed on March They 1 that both of these men "had agreed to cooperate with the Nanking Government." y been taken in the spring of 1942 to Shanghai, where they were doubtless subjected to fu pressure. Of W. W. Yen it is known that he persistently refused active participatll Japanese schemes on the grounds that he had "retired from politics. e ** See Enclosure No. 3 for the complete text of the speech as well as oI the replies Robert Kotewall and Sir Shouson Chow. - 20 - The General then proceeded to a rough outline of his program for the 're- construction" of Hong Kong. The first item he listed was order: this was the responsibility of the military authorities, but to avoid "inconvenience" to the populace from the use of too many troops, the Chinese police were being re-employed, and the people might organize their own self-protection guards under the direction of the officials.* The second important item which, he indicated, was to receive the atten- tion of the Military Government was the currency. Describing it as the "blood of business," he said that he had "appointed people to deal with the matter;" that there was a reason for the non-acceptance of higher notes; that his guests, as the wealthy and influential element of the population, should "for the time being tell all the people not to think of hurting other people or to spread idle rumors." Of his third "item," the relief of business, he expressed the hope that his guests would "get together and help in settling the fuel and rice problems" and that they would "devise methods for this, and apply to the Administration for permission to carry them out." Return_to_ employment was the fourth problem the General discussed. Of it he said, "Labor and business have stopped now for many days. You should help in advising all classes of people to return to their employment at an early date." The fifth and last "item" was cleaning up the city. Of this the General told his guests that they should advise the people to start putting the places where they lived in order, thus helping the authorities to deal more easily with the problem of cleanliness. The Honorable Sir Robert Kotewell, KT., C. M. G., LLD., referred to in the Japanese press account of the party as "Mr. Lav Kuk-wo," the undisputed leader of the Chinese community in Hong Kong during the last years of Brit- ish rule, replied. "Japan and China have the same literature and are of the same people," he parroted, thanking the Japanese for having "avoided harming the people of Hong Kong or destroying the city." "We will," he promised, "put out all our strength in Hong Kong to cooperate with the Japanese army authorities." The Honorable Sir Shouson Chow, an aged and attractive Chinese who had preceded Sir Robert Kotewell as the leader of the Chinese community, spoke * It is probable that the lack of sufficient troops, rather than a desire to avoid their use, was the determining factor in these dispositions. -0% +fter Sir Robert, agreeing "heartily" with all "Mr. Law Kuk-wo'" had said.* 4. Rchabilitation Committee Formed. On the following day, the 12th of January, the Executive Committee of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce, comprising 19 leading members of the Chamber with one Mr. TUNG Chung-wei as Chairman, held a meeting to "discuss ways and means of re-starting business in Hong Kong" and to comply with General Sakai's request that they form a local "assistance com- nittee" to help him. It is probable that the group selected had already been hand-picked, and that the General had assured himself that he would be able to procure compliance with his request before he made it. In any case, the meet- ing of the 12th produced a Committee of Nine, which adopted the title of '"Re- habilitation Committee" (later changed to "Rehabilitation Advisory Committee"), nd elected "Mr. Law Kuk-wo" as its Chairman and "Mr. Chow Shou-son" as its Vice-Chairman. *¥ A second meeting of the Committee, stated to have lasted some three hours, was held the following morning, and on January 14 it was received by the Japan- ese military authorities at the Peninsula Hotel, where, according to the HONG KONG NEWS, "they submitted their proposals for the immediate settlement of several important problems, such as rice supply, opening of communications and re-opening of business." The discussion is stated to have been a long one, and to have covered the whole field of Hong Kong's situation. Indicating the Japanese intention to proceed further with the organiza- tion of the Chinese community, there appeared in the same press article which eported the meeting of the Committee with the military, a notice requesting 211 former Chinese Justices of the Peace who were present at General Sakai's luncheon to register their business or profession with the Rehabilitation Com- ittee as soon as possible. ‘ce Enclosure No. 1, "List of Persons Prominently Associated with the Japanese in Hor ong," for brief "official" biographies of these two men. Whether as the result of deliberat ection, or "faute de mieux," the British colonial government employed as its who were rarely highly regarded by the Chinese themselves, and who were 1in Chinese. Sir Robert Kotewell is said to be a Parsee with Chinese, Portuguese robably English blood; Sir Robert Hotung, another of the men who received the patronag pport of the British Colonial administration, wore Chinese clothes and married a ; blood he was at most only half Chinese, and looked and seemed to be less than ry wealthy man, he succeeded to his father's position as the head of Jardines, and knighthood. Sir Shouson Chow, although relatively less effective, and less completely committed ertain phases of the colonial administration, is of good Chinese blood and not a born 1isling, in spite of the part he is now playing. During the period of hisdetention by Japanese his hair went completely white; he is now a pathetic figure, and has attempted eatedly to communicate to the Chungking Government his entreaty that they withhold jud lent on him. - RSW The other members were: LO Man-Kam, LI Tse-fong, LI Koon-chun, TAM TUNG Chung-wei, and WONG Tak~Kwong. On February 5 the membership of the Commit to twelve with the addition of (Dr.) WONG Tung-ming, KONG Tai-tung, and CHENG Enclosure No. 1 for such additional information on these gentlemen as is availab ae yg Dh 5. Districts Demarcated. The next step in this direction was announced on January 21. As a result of "discussions" - presumably between the Civil Administration Department and the Rehabilitation Committee — it had been decided to divide the Island of Hong Kong into twelve, and Kowloon into six, adminis-— trative districts, each of which was to be placed under a District Bureau headed by a (Chinese) "Official in Charge." It was stated that these several bureaus would "look after the general welfare of residents in their particular areas, and also handle matters relating to public health, business, repatria- tion, and other matters of communal interest." They were subsequently to con- cern themselves with the issuance of certificates to the thousands of Chinese leaving daily for the interior of China; with the employment of the labor force to be used in the removal of garbage from the streets of their respective dis- tricts; and with the formation of street guards to augment the available police force in the maintenance of law and order. They also were later to assist in the functioning of the rice ration system.” On January 27, 1942, Major General Yazaki, the Chief of the Civil Adminis- tration Department (and presumably the officer who had superintended the crea- tion of the districts and the appointment of the "officials in charge") called all of the latter together and harangued them. The object of Japan in fighting this war was, he told them,** to free the Asiatic races from oppression and to drive out the evil influence of the white people. *** Victory for Japan was certain, he averred, and at the end of the war Japan and China would cooperate with each other to bring a new era of prosperity for Greater East Asia. Of Hong Kong he said that steps for its rehabilitation were now under considera- tion, including the question of the re-opening of banks, revival of business, resumption of communications, public safety and education. One Mr. WONG Ying-yue, the head of the Civil Administration Bureau in Canton, also addressed the assembled "Officials in Charge." After referring to the "oppressive methods adopted by the British during their rule of Hong Kong," * The districts in Hong Kong are: Central; Wanchai; Bowrington Canal; Happy Valley; Cause- way Bay; Shaukiwan; Sheung Wan (Western); Siayingpun; West Point; Kennedy Town; Aberdeen; and Stanley. In Kowloon they are: Tsimshatsui: Yaumati; Mongkck; Shamshiupo; Hunghom; and Kowloon City. The names of the "officials in charge" in the Hong Kong districts are in the order of the districts named: P.H.SIN; HO Yat-yue; HO Tak-Kwong: NG Man-chak; KWOK Hin-wang; TSANG Sau-chiu; SIU Wai-ming; LI Kai-sun; SUEN Kwong-Kuen; KAN MAN; WAN Siu-po; and LI Chung-ching. For Kowloon, in the order of the districts named; they are: LEUNG Kai; FUNG Ho; CHUNG Yung; NG Yee-kong; LEE Lan-sum; TAI Yeuk-lam. ** Reported in the HONG KONG NEWS, Wednesday, January 28, 1942. *** Interesting as one of the few instances in which the persistent, continuous, and very effective racial propaganda of the Japanese military found its way into print in a form in which it might come to the attention of Germany. See below, "Propaganda." Hongkong’s New Governor Pays Homage At Shrine iid. Wp Lieut. General Rensuke Isogai, newly-appointed Governor of Hongkong, arrived at Ujivamada on Monday where he paid homage at the Ise Grand Shrine, states a Domei message which adds that our Governor then proceeded to Kashiwar: to pay respect at the tomb of the first Emperor of Japar, Emperor Jimmu. Picture shows Lieut. General I:ogai at home in kimono. - 25 he said that Japan's one desire, to be a "friend" of China's, had been blocked by CHIANG Kai-shek, a tool of Britain and America; that both General Yazaki and Mr. Sometani (head of the Hong Kong Bureau of the Civil Administration Depart- nent) were real friends of China. Shortly after the establishment of this system of district bureaus, a fur- ther subdivision of the governing units was accomplished by the setting up of wards. A little note published very inconspicuously in the HONG KONG NEWS of February 9 announced that the "Central District Committee" had "elected" 131 ward leaders: it was estimated, according to this statement, that there would be 2,000 ward leaders in the 12 Districts on Hong Kong Island. Presumably the same ratio per density of population was followed in the delineation of wards in the Kowloon Districts, and there, as in Hong Kong, the "ward leaders'" were responsible to the Bureau of the District in which their-ward was situated. 6. District Affairs Bureau. Over this relatively elaborate adminisira- tive machinery, calculated to encompass and bind the "Captured Territory" within the network of a petty Chinese officialdom committed to the service of the Japanese, there was set a District Affairs Bureau, under the Chairmanship of Mr. P. H. SIN, who was concurrently the Official in Charge of the Central District Bureau. The District Affairs Bureau was expected generally to concern itself with all matters affecting the welfare of the people on the Island, and it was to it that the various District Bureaus were directed to bring their problems, and any reports they had to make on the views and wants of the people in their respective Districts. It provided the liaison between the Districts and the Civil Administration Department. P. H. SIN worked under Major General YAZAKI, and provided an alternate channel, -a check and balance, as against the Rehabilitation Advisory Committee under LAW Kuk-wo and CHOW Shou-son. In Kowloon one PANG Yuk-lan was charged with functions similar to those of SIN in Hong Kong relative to the Districts under him, although he is believed to have acted there as SIN's deputy and to have been expected to report rather to SIN than to YAZAKI. SIN came thus to be, after LAW and possibly CHOW, the most responsible Chinese in Hong Kong, and among the English-speaking Chinese of the "Captured Territory" he was called the "Mayor," although this title implies the posses- sion of powers which, as a minion of the Japanese, he did not enjoy. 7. Isogai Takes Over as Governor. a. Flash-back. On September 10, 1941, in the centenary year of the found- ing of the British Crown Colony of Hong Kong, Sir Mark Young, the then newly appointed Governor of the Colony, was formally inducted into office, The cere- mony took place in the King's Theatre, on a stage bedecked with flowers and the British flag, where there were seated the select of His Britannic Majesty's Chinese servants in Hong Kong, as well as the ranking members of the military and naval staffs of His Excellency the Colonial Governor. The audience was composed of the staffs of the various Consulates, * and the ranking members of British, American and Chinese business concerns and organizations in the Colony. The audience stood up as.the Governor marched down the aisle, followed by the - D0 - faithful supporters of his Government, led by Sir Robert Kotewall and Sir Shouson Chow; a military band, complete with bagpipes, played "God Save The King." When the Governor's party had reached the stage, and the audience had resumed its seats, Sir Robert Kotewall read a fervid address of welcome, and the show was on. b. A_Second Showing. Five months and fifteen days later —— on February 25, 1942 —- precisely the same performance was reenacted in the same theatre: if anything, Sir Robert was even more fervid. But there were differences. The Governor who made the response was Lieutenant General Ronsuke Isogai.* and the British and Americans who had attended the early showing were in filthy intern- ment camps; the music was the Japanese national anthem. Sir Robert was now Law (or alternately Lo) Kuk-wo, and at the end of the performance he felt called upon to lead the audience in three rousing "Banzais." c. The General Replies. In response to Mr. Lo's welcome (and that of Messrs. Chow Shou-son** and Lau Tit-shing), General Isogal asserted that: "Hong Kong has been for long an important base in the Orient for furthering the decadent materialistic civilizations based on selfish individualism... (Britain) regarded us, the Oriental races, as her subjects, supreme in her arrogant tyranny... there are some unscrupu— lous Oriental people who have often been content to be used as a cat's paw by the British people, thus seeking their own excessive gain and unhealthy pleasure. ...In the Western section of the interior of China there are still Chinese Who will not realize that a wonderful opportunity is being offered them. ..they are content to act as the puppets of the British and Americans, having the selfish aim of pro- tecting their own power and influence. ...Should there be any person in Hong Kong who still desires the selfish European civilization that has caused so much harm to the Oriental cultures...let that person leave here at the earliest opportunity and be a slave of the British or Americans. I will try to eradicate these undesirable elements. ..As to the future policies for Hong Kong, they were clearly laid down in my Order of the Day issued on February 20. JERR d. Order of the Day. This "Order of the Day," published in the HONG KONG NEWS of February 22, 1942, **** had not, however, afforded a clear blue- print of the Governor's plans. After affirming that "The base from which Brit- ain, public enemy of mankind, plotted to fulfill her unlimited ferocity of heart, has now been extinguished, which is a cause for the heartiest rejoicings amongst the millions in East Asia," it asserted that "Hong Kong, under military * Long a student of China, Isogai was sometimes called by the Chinese —— before the Sino- Japanese War —— "the Doihara of South China" because of his political interest in that area. He was therefore a logical choice for the Governorship of Hong Kong. ** Under the British regime both Sir Robert ard Sir Shouson had been members of the Legisla- tive Council. Of their performance, at Isogai's welcome the sarcastic editor of the Hong Kong News wisecracked: "When Knights were bold, they were Legislative Councillors. Now, of course, they're not so bold." . *x* HONG KONG NEWS, February 26, 1942. sxx» See Enclosure No. 18 for the full text. This happy picture taken shortly after the fall of Hongkong shows Lieut-Colonel Tada, of the General Staff of the Japanese South China Cemmand and Chief of the Army Information Bureau; being greeted by the Japanese Consal-General, Mr S. Yano. The latter 1s at present n a visit to Tokyo. -O rule, should hereafter co-operate... to reconstruct its position and to help .n the attainment of victory in the Greater East Asia War ...the present strength +nd culture of the place must be elevated to the same spiritual stream in order o attain the Kingly Way, which will shine upon the eternal basic prosperity of rast Asia," and exhorted the residents of Hong Kong to "eschew vices and sever ‘hemselves from easy practices in the light of the Kingly Way and give all their energies to the service of the community..." It closed with the oft-re- peated and by no means empty threat: "As for those who transgress the path of Right... these are the enemies of East Asia's millions and are not members of our Kingly Way. Irrespective of their nationality or race, I will deal with ‘hese according to military law, without mercy." a. Yazaki and Sometani Depart. With the arrival of the Governor, General sogal, Major General Yazaki, who had been Director of the Civil Administration Department and who had been largely responsible for the establishment of such ~ontrols of the civilian populace of Hong Kong as had so far been set up, was ransferred to another post. On February 19 he gave a farewell luncheon party the members of the Rehabilitation Advisory Committee at which he told them hat since the Governor's arrival he would naturally look after all civil af- irs. In the inevitable reply by Sir Robert Kotewall the General was told that verything that had been accomplished so far had been due to the latter’ f— rts, and that the Chinese community wished to thank him and to wish him every iccess in his new sphere of activities, especially in his efforts to improve relationships between Japan and China. Mr. S. Sometani, the Japanese civilian head of the Hong Kong Bureau of the ns, inese, and some foreigners.* Bet ; ‘ tween two and a cr ey uniformed and heavily armed, were paraded pas no e city on January 17, evidently a i ’ S unruly that the police had resumed their functions. y ns 5. i ting uma Teves ver Tas Japanese gendarmerie had been active in e surrender of the Island; ** they had "round-up" of leading Chinese which b : aan : egan after the close of hostiliti residents saw many evidences of the work AAR ras of gendarmerie "Investigation Corps''## inal evel among them to have been brought ok iy ny ave besides its list of those Chinese wh i : | 0 might be u ihe JaleNess, a roster of "dangerous radicals" and others, — it ii 2 ih preening There were persistent 'grape-vine" rumors of nH and arrests, and it was whispered that numbers of people were being executed. **** Tn this earl i ; y period th ordinary police work. ? ¢ Gendarmerie did not, however, undertake io Jaoheiof rug host acts of Isogai's regime was addressed to them, but it was Imperial Gendarmeri noreasing rather than checking their power: he placed the ne wat rie in direct charge of the Hong Kong Police, the Fire Brigade ater Police. In discussing this change, Captain Kimura, Chief 2 the Poli : : PS jails Section of the Gendarmerie Headquarters, said that, although nary circumstances the preservation of peace and order was handled E both ; ; ’ W511 ADs Sendsrastie fa the Police, the former for military and the latter for vation of Pesce np one Kong was under a military administration, the preser- Sy an oF er was now to be undertaken solely by the Gendarmerie the Gendarme Polic omni Police and Fire Brigade, the former being known as tents Nas e , and the latter as the Gendarme Fire Brigade. The aan Are 3 8 continued, five divisions, East Hong Kong, West Hong Kong 1300 2! w Territories, and the Harbor or Water Gendarmes. All form I stations had been taken over by them and should now be called Cori, "5. R190% inlorBentishienee juat in several instances British policemen who had married ** Their interest in th oe ne Intersment and allowed to re-enlist. wo} Were Surprised a $y Sonsiderably sntecated the War; British and American intern-~ of the internment cam Si) for instance, that the Gendarmerie officer placed in charge 2 certain amount of Sores Hace Japanese consular and other officials appeared to show + the Jepsnese BRFDET Shanes) iii re other than Yamashita, for years one of the barbers the community. = RSW shop in the Hong Kong Hotel, patronized by many of the "Taipans" in *** Tiao Ch' i 20 A Yi : 2g XK [i a Tui 2 x ¥ 1 or Tiao Ch'a T'uan 2 5 - RSW **** From the Stanle y Prison Yard, where the executio ; , wh 1 cutions took place, the reports i fire were plainly audible nearly every morning; there would be one, two . fie Shots, and then silence. br *¥#%* Called Hsien Ch'a , or sometimes three || >-11638 - 38 - Police Stations.* Referring to the discipline of the Gendarme Police, he re- called that under the former British Government there had been many scandals about the police force, but, he asserted, the Gendarmerie was determined that there should be no more such scandals; "the public should give up the idea that they could gain the favor of the Gendarmes by giving bribes or presents."** The difference in the degree of control exercised by the police as they had been at first re-organized and the new "Gendarme Police" was very marked. The latter had the widest rowers and evidently received the full support of the Army. When, for instance, a large down-town restaurant was robbed in broad daylight, the whole area was cordoned off and gone over with the greatest thoroughness. *** Later on this technique was applied generally; gendarmerie squads, supplemented by fully-armed troop contingents, would rope off blocks of certain streets, or particular areas, believed to harkor dangerous persons, and search all houses and every passer-by. **** arresting anyone who could not satis- factorily explain his presence there. When the combing of one street had been completed, they would move up to the next. While these intensive searches were proceeding in particular areas, the rest of the Colony was not neglected. Day and night "emergency squads" were reported to patrol Hong Kong "around the clock." The administrative advantages of uniting the civil and military police functions in the "captured territory" are obvious: it permitted the Gendarmerie to extend its operations through an already trained corps of Indian and Chinese police which served it not only as an immediate instrument but as the nucleus around which it could build up a considerably larger kody of freshly instructed and jndoctrinated native police directly under Japanese control. From the stand- point of the police themselves, it placed behind them the weight of the fearful authority and prestige of the Japanese Gendarmerie. A more profound if less obvious effect of the change was to alter the di- rection of normal police activity, and to assimilate it to that of the Gendarm- es. Henceforth in Hong Kong such acts as robbery, rape, Or murder, committed for the age-old motives, were to be regarded as relatively simple and uncompli- cated —— almost "natural" -- crimes. It was a different category of evil against which the best energies of the nGendarme Folice" was to be spent; the real criminals were the "political terrorists," the insidious spreaders of '"danger- ous thoughts," the unregenerate who wilfully misunderstood the "Imperial Way." For them there was literally, as many a Government order proclaimed, no mercy. * The headquarters of the Imperial Gendarmerie were set up in the former Hong Kong Suprem Court Building, on January 25, 1942. ** As any unprejudiced person who lived under both regimes would doubtless be glad to testi- fy, there was incomparakly more corruption in the Imperial Gendarmerie than among either British or Chinese police. — RSW *»** In vain, however. The robbers were never caught, perhaps because the Chinese instinc- 1 + he 4 tively resented all this "big-time" efficiency and would not voluntarily cooperate with pursuers. *»x**A practice which outraged Chinese sensibilities was the searchingof women by gendarmes, especially at the Hong Kong Ferry, where they were frequently taken into public latrines an stripped. - 30 - 6. Street Guards and Self-Protection Corps Ordered Disbanded Co-inci- dent with the transfer of police power in Hong Kong to the Tape rizl Cen afurie an examination of the status of the now highly organized and flourishinm "Street cuards" was undertaken. The "officials" of the latter err Ere 1% the Western Gendarmerie District were reported in the HONG KONG NEWS of Februar 20th to have been called into conference with the Gendarme Police where th y were asked to report the exact amount being charged shops and i rs er protection. The immediate reason for this inquiry was stated to have been th receipt of numerous complaints of inequality in the assessments Being i : but as the Gendarmerie worked into their task it became eidet ont the object was the liquidation of these semi-independent, private MAY exercising the functions of public police. At the first meeting, RORIVETD. a , evidently were simply instructed to canvas the shop-owners in their areas rn them that if they did not resume business immediately their Prenices wosld sealed, and their subsequent applications to be permitted to Cu TOeT veld refused. At a second meeting, on February 22, the Guards were orde wi submit a full statement of their income and expenditures within three The results of these inquiries were not led immediately but o 29 the Governor's Office issued an announcement ) the effect Liat. Togs order now having been restored," the authoriti d decided to disbant wards, Self-Protection Corps, and District Watchmen" as of April 50. ing the history of their organization, the Chief of the Press Bureau sta a number of residents had volunteered to undertake the formation of si that some of them had been recruited under the guidance of the Arey. authoriiies; they had "obeyed every order ‘issued by the authorities ‘played their part in the preservation of peace and order;" included fire prevention, suppression of crime, and se: : the Guards there were, however, undesirable elements plaints against them, and since the training of the naking good progress, the Guards were regarded as no lon onts who felt that they still required their services mig it was the intention of the into the new Gendarmeri n constituted would cease of .* Residents were warned, thei any organization for the maintenance of such Although it is unlikely that the protectio: npletely stamped out, the formal organization stroyed by the action described, and thenceforth ve the gangsters themselves. al fie its fall had keen liquidated, bui another -- the ich all elements of the Chinese population seemed The "Street Guards" in Kowlcon were disbanded at the apiece. It is not known whether a similar payne: ng "guards" as were not reemployed (in the Gendarme eived some money settlement, probably at the expense of - 40 - was not so easily disposed of. In the period of enforced idleness which follow- ed the collapse of the defense, the whole Chinese population apparently turned to gambling. In the narrow streets back of Queens Road so many small tables were set up, one right after the other, along both sides of the roadway, and there were So many people moving among the tables, that the streets themselves became impassable for any other traffic.* The games —- "Pawn the Jewel," a kind of roulette without the wheel, and others played with dice, or by the numbers on small dominoes —- started early in the morning and continued until dusk, when the darkness made it unsafe to continue. Chinese "of the better classes" who would not join the street games for fear of being robbed, gathered together in their private homes and played mah jong. In one known instance the play con- tinued frequently for eighteen hours at a stretch, in others it is said to have been continuous, the players stopping only to sleep and eat. They had no more safety than their numksrs and a locked gate could give them, and there was nothing else to do.** The spread of this mania among people who should have been enthusiastically engaged in pressing forward the aims of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere appeared to disgust and anger the Japanese military, who may well also have feared the effects which it might have on the maintenance of order.*** On January 25 the military authorities issued a strict injunction forbidding all gambling, and ordering the closing of gambling establishments, "whether on the streets or in houses." Every effort was nade to enforce this edict, and although some of the streets continued for several months to be not much more than open- air gambling casinos, the drive against them, coupled with gradual subsidence of the first feeling of panic, was successful to a considerable extent in clearing them up. Indoor gambling continued almost unaffected by the decree or by any of the ones which followed it, and was undiscouraged by police action. In one case in Kowloon four women who had been playing mah jong were made to kneel in Nathan Road for several days, holding the mah jong set and placarded with a statement of their offense. In other cases groups of as many as twenty men were arrested and imprisoned for "participating in a mah jong game." By the "Regulations for Police Punishments" issued on May 31**** "practicing gambling and similar con- duct" was listed as one of the offenses for which a fine not exceeding 500 Yen or imprisonment for not more than three months was the penalty. None of these things made any appreciable difference; the gambling went on in spite of them. *k%*k¥ 4+) a x Expressive of the near-hysteria which grips whole masses of people who have lost the ing of security: they seek instinctively to find it again by losing themselves in the mob, and by engaging with it in some acceptable diversion that does not involve the issue from which they are fleeing. An American can see the same thing any night in the crowds that mill around Times Square in New York City. *»* For foreigners, when there were four who could find the cards and a table, the game was bridge. xx* Street gambling afforded the protection racket one of its most lucrative sources of revenue. ****% See below. x*%%% A positive approach, involving (1) police action to clear the streets where that was necessary or desirable, directed at keeping the thoroughfares open rather than against the gambling, and (2) the resumption so far as possible of normal activities, supplemented by social or discussion groups, etc., would appear to have been a more effective way to handle the problem. - 4] - Regulations of the Gendarmerie. Perhaps as clear an insight into some other problems which confronted the Imperial Gendarmerie in Hong Kong ay be gained from a review of the regulations through which it attempted to olve them, as in any other way. a. Espionage and Sedition. As has been indicated earlier in this report, he Gendarmerie's first task was to starp out all activities hostile to the panese Army or that would in any way hamper its operations. This was the in- ent of the proclamation of material law issued on the day the city fell, and it kept well to the fore in nearly all published orders and exhortations. A rther indication that this problem too continued to be a very live one was iven in the "preliminary orders" drawn up on March 10 in the name of "the overnor of the Captured Territory," "so that the people may understand what nduct or action is treated as an offence under military law," and warning the lay : : ople to refrain from such actions. The offences listed are (1) conduct of a ditious character or directed against the Imperial Japanese Army; (2) con- ct involving espionage; (3) any conduct endangering the Army or "injuring itary operations." Persons who had committed one of these offenses "but ho help to clear up the plotting" were promised that they might have their nishment mitigated or remitted; "those who confess before official discovery" rete The cb ; : have their punishment mitigated. This notice appeared consecutively for mber of days, and was later from time to time re-printed.* A Chinese informant who left Hong Kong in the fall 1942, and who has fairly Chinese contacts both in Hong Kong and Chungking, states however that there a d is very little underground activity directed at hampering Japanese the situation in Hong Kong is, he believes, different from that in In the Crown Colony under British rule the Chinese had only they had been submerged by the white man, and are now being nese. The Chinese, he says may hate the Japanese military, the ordinary Japanese as of the same race as himself, akes for an easier camaraderie between them. There are thus ies, no sound historic or political bases, from which the de 1 activities which characterize Yugoslav or Greek resistance neg ud vere not ordinarily overborne by any y suffered more from the confusion of the government than from its harshn "Third Nationals." By a notice issued on January 16, 1942, ove of the Commander of the Imperial Gendarmerie, *** "all alien national tral countries or countries allied with Japan, and people corresponding to orementioned nationalities (except Oriental races)" were instructed to 8, for the full text. resistance to Japan, the story is of course a very be noted that the informant quoted was subjected to ten months nd was deeply affected, as were all Hong Kong Chinese, by the swif ritish resistance. ‘Lieutenant Colonel Noma. -A present themselves at the Foreign Affairs Section of the Civil Administration Department before January 19 to obtain passage certificates for movement in Hong Kong. Persons without such passes after that date would be regarded as enemy nationals.* "Third nationals" were by a subsequent order required to re- port in writing any change in their address;** at the end of March they were told that their passes expired on March 31 but would be extended until April 15; on April 1 the regulations covering the issuance of the new passes were publish- ed, and severe punishment was promised for any misrepresentation.*** On April 17 the neutral status of Norwegians was revoked. Foreigners generally —-— other than enemy nationals -- were treated less considerately than the "higher class" Chinese, but somewhat better than Chinese of the "coolie class." They were, however, subjected to onerous examinations and questionings and the Gendarmerie were less liable even than troops of the regular army to miss any opportunity to make clear to as large an audience of Chinese as could be gathered at the moment the dependent and inferior position of any particular foreigner or group of foreigners.**** The big foreigner whom the Chinese had always respected and feared could only look sheepish when some little Japanese sentry slapped his face until it bled. ****= For Indians and Portuguese the procedure was simplified: the former were permitted to register with the India Independence League and the latter with one Dr. Atienza, President of the Japanese-controlled Filipino Association of Hong Kong. c. Impersonation of Officials. An element of this confusion which seemed to exercise some at least of the Japanese authorities almost as much as it did its victims was the practice among the extortionist gangs of impersonating offi- cers in Japanese employ, either by wearing the uniform of one of the auxiliary services or wearing a Japanese armband, or by passing themselves off as bein * See enclosure No. 10 for the text of the notice. The Japanese were not uniformly stri in the issuance of these passes: to escape internment, one G. S. Kennedy-Skipton, in 1940 assistant financial secretary in the Colonial Secretariat and in 1941 controller of food the Government Food Control, asserted his Irish citizenship, and assumed neutral status. did this for the sake of his wife and children; for an even less selfish reason, Emily Hahn the writer, assumed Chinese nationality. **¥ Further instructions to them were contained in a notice issued on February 1, 1942, the Chief of the General Department, Military Administration Office, which read: "All Third Nationals are required to obey the following rules: Keep within Hong Kong and Kowloon City districts, as far as possible, and avoid a unnecessary going out at night, that is, from 6 p.m. to 8 a.m. Do not interview or communicate with enemy nationals without permission. Trips beyond the border are to be avoided. If absolutely necessary, an application with a full explanation, should be made to The General Department of Military Administration Office, for permission to cross the border. No activities of any sort which would benefit enemies should be indulged in. — HONG KONG NEWS, Feb. 1, 1942." »** See enclosure No. 37, Hong Kong Government Public Notification No. 6. *»*** See below, Propaganda. 3 »*%** When white women were to be raped, the white men were usually bound or bayoneted, first one and then the other. lished on o it w Ligh 0 March 0, 1942, it was extended until 11:00, ** the ferry servi harbor still terminating at 10:00, as it had for the period when < willl uriew as an evidence that the Japanese Imperial he revival of Hong Kong's "night life." revealing, police fines, it is those cases iree are evidently purely and simply a list of pecific regulations against them desirable. At mer m rous and detailed, to make it possible to ar into custody. eaving -the populace withou - a3 py by one of the departments. An order dated March 10, 1942 ws oie a as well as at direct extortion, and warnings were o i: J @ Biness and Faglish language press. On one occasion tose urs oe hoa of hooligans who were representing themselves 28 coll Lo Ss, n another against persons claimi ton Wi : Army, Navy, or Government and who asked sun ry ; V < contributions for thei >t another against water and el joi ee V ectricity "rate collect n tors had been despatched and th i i a 9 tor — e public were asked i 1e t homes who was not adequately identified. aia 1 Nn d. No More Fire-crackers. Evidently afraid that the crackle o fire-cre i h of bursti en hr re used as a cover for the actual use of fire-arms, ght le alse alarms and public di ns re . 1 sturbances 3 forbade their further use.* + 20 ‘order dates = Curfew. The Japanese military at first attempted to keep everyone streets "after dark;" the hour was then set at 8:00 p.m Bees Tr 100 Ww d been informally extended from 8:00 to 10:00 The press praised ti 00. Th Ss ised the 1 Army looked benev 4. R : 11¢ 10NsS I 1 1Ce I 111 SI mer S . i 1e il st A te eS egu 1 \ for ) 1 ] l 11 Res 0 L] A Uw VALLE nd at the sale time the most concrete regulations l1Ssue 1 endarmerie in Hong Kong were those published on May 31, 1942, to be effect] 5 of that SHIT ANT, : at date. A supplement to an earlier and evidently more general order arr ' applicable to "all persons living in the areas lod bor vernor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong." Sy i it: "Tn Even Japanese are con the cass of Nipponese nationals the regulations are arplicabie tablished Ph auch hele is 10 other Nipponese law to be applied.” It BAL 1e of not more than 500 Yen or imprisonment for not mor ree months for seventy-four listed offenses, of which only the Lot eying any other order issued b bolice ] = ssued by the police" -- is general. The other sev acts which had been comm sufficient regularity the same time the and the offenses rest, with a show any reason to intimidate . 2 : the populace -- Chinese or Japanese —— with ough, the term of imprisonment long enough yone whom the Gendarme Police wanted for on cs : : e of the first offenses listed is "making a false statement to official refusi a RE ; : ; Shusins to make a statement which is called for." Several other cl rected a ivin > : ; er clauses rious = the giving of false information or the making of false repo Sh DQ An 1epol Ss circumstances. Another covered the familiar offense of AR a.Se J ; any means of s h ions f joici or rejoicing. It may have been, however, that v devils away on the all the devils had alr ich See enclosu \ long Kong \ s osure No. 19, Hong Kong Government Notice N NO. VD. See enclosu 75 et] osure No. 75 for the complete text of the "Supplement to G which lists the offenses; : a : Order I 1 1 + 1 3 1 o $ I No. 21 itself is unfortunately not available Ad - - ing an official rank or title or a scholastic title, or falsely wearing medals or orders, or similar matters, with the object of deceiving a third party." The eighth item, "interfering with the working or planning of any public body organized or to be organized for the public benefit, or interfering with the establishment of such a body," was aimed at brushing off such obstruction as was encountered by the Japanese in their organization of the "spontaneous" groupings through which they effected their control of nearly all phases of Hong Kong life.* A number of the strictures are against simple nuisances: "making any un- necessary noise, lying down or getting drunk in place of free traffic;" "fail- ing to chain up a fierce dog"; "practicing singing, dancing, music or making any other noise in the late hours of the night;" "wearing strange clothing, or talk- ing and behaving in a queer manner, and loitering and refusing an official order:" "making water in a street, park and other publicly visible place, or compelling another person to do so;" "spitting in a street, park and other pub- lic places;" "being nakedor acting in a disgraceful manner in a public place." *X Other items range from unethical business practices —- "intending to obtain an unjust profit by inserting a boastful or false advertisement in a newspaper or magazine" -- to such acts as "deceiving the public with false statements foretelling good or evil fortune, or supplying the public with charms, or giv- ing people charms to carry on their persons," and "practicing hypnotism on a person." Some of the offenses reflect even more directly the unsettled and un- happy circumstances in which they were being committed: "harboring on one's premises some young or old disabled, sick persons in need of some help without reporting them," or "having dead corpses (sic) without reporting them to the authorities;" "camouflaging a human dead body, or holding an autopsy, or burying or cremating without permission;" "burying or cremating outside of a public graveyard or cremating place."*** Perhaps only one of these regulations was not directly intended to be pro- hibitive in effect, but rather to permit of official extortion: "committing prostitution, or acting as intermediary in committing prostitution.” There was never any intention on the part of the Japanese to destroy the Island's most persistent commerce, and this particular ruling must have been for some purpose other than its suppression. *¥*¥*¥ * Various of these groupings are discussed in subsequent sections of this report. ** With the exception of the "making water" and the "spitting," practices in which "lower class" Japanese and Chinese are equally unrestrained, the offenses just mentioned, and es- pecially those of lying down drunk in the street and making noises late at night, were freely committed by the Japanese but rarely if ever by the Chinese. *** Anyone interested in the actual conditions in Hong Kong at the time these regulations were issued might well read them in toto; it is unlikely that any offenses listed were in- vented by the drafters for their own amusement. »x** Perhaps the geishas imported by the authorities found native competition too severe. - 45 - .C. Repatriaton. : 1. Purpose. One of the major problems which confronted the British Colonial Government of Hong Kong in its efforts to defend the Colony was the swollen state of the city's population. In 1931 there had been 852,932 persons including 20,000 non-Chinese, resident in the Colony. According to an estimate of the population made as of the middle of 1936 it had then reached 988,190, of whom 21,832 were non-Chinese. With the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese war in the summer of 1937, and its envelopment of the Yangtze Valley which followed in the fall, a very rapid immigration from North and Central China into Hong Kong began. It continued through 1938, 1939, 1940, and 1941, with the result that on December 8 of the latter year, when the Japanese attack on Hong Kong began, the population of the city was, according to an official of the Colonial Govern ment, * very close to 2,000,000. Beyond and above the inevitable complications following upon so abnormal an accretion in numbers, the population was charac- terized by a further factor increasing its instability: it was highly fluid In 1936 —- prior to the outbreak of Sino-Japanese hostilities and the last normal year in the Colony's history -- 2,977,205 persons entered Hong Kong, while 2,987,772 left it in the same period.** That is to say, a number of Pereons totaling roughly three times the whole population of Yong Hong left the port during the year and an equal number entered it, the daily average of arrivals being 8,134 and of departure 8,163. While it is not unlikely that a consider- able percentage of these persons left the Colony to attend festivals, etc in the villages on the mainland and then returned to it, and some perhaps were simply commuters, these figures do reflect what is unquestionably a fact, i.e that the Chinese population of Hong Kong was an extraordinarily mobile one. Nothing approximating a control of this flow was attempted by the British Colonial Government until 1941, and then under regulations so lax that the Government could have only a very inaccurate knowledge of the allegiances, the composition, or even the number, of the urban mass over which it ruled, *** Because the Government knew nothing of the newcomers and could not trust them, and since it could not distinguish between a Chinese who had been in Hong Kong for a few months and one whose family had lived "on the rock" for three generations, the permanent base of the population, loyal to Hong Kong and recon- ciled to British rule, was immobilized, even had the Government sought to ex- ploit its unquestioned potentialities for the defense of the Colony. **** 2 The Japanese, who perhaps understood these things from the beginning better then did the British, learned well the lesson that they taught: the first essen- tal of an effective defense of Hong Kong was a drastic reduction in the size of its population. * Now attached to the British Embassy in Washington, ** ANNUAL REPORT ON THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROGRESS OF THE PEQPLE OF THE COLONY OF HONG KONG FOR THE YEAR 1936, published by the Hong Kong Government. *** This situation was not as much the fault of the Hong Kong Government as might at first Bppear; the whole position in Asia was a delicate one, and it is said that Whitehall refused to entertain proposals for rigid control of exclusion for fear of repercussions in China. *¥** As we have seen, prejudice heightened this mistrust, and the resentment which it caused vas only regarded as a further justification for it, so that the gulf of misunderstanding between the ruler and the ruled widened of itself, and in war a hapless government wis quickly doomed. . , - AB Such a reduction would go far to solve other problems incidental to an over-large population and which had aggravated the difficulties of the defense, but which would exist even if the Island were not attacked. It would simplify the feeding of an Island that had never been self-sufficient in food. It would -— 4 - c. District Bureaus.* When the out District Bureaus, especially for the rr Boke og a he ventrally situated ones in Kowloon, became in practice Sore oe he more triatios Bureau, and from the second half of January on were en : as Repa~ literally thousands of the "repatriation certificates" th a eliminate a good part of the demand for non-essential consumer's goods, of which wartime stocks were low. Housing problems would become less acute (and the existing air-raid shelters would be rendered more nearly adequate); the main- a d The S A : infini i & 3. Ae 2aueeze. n editorial in th tenance of order would be infinitely easier. BR cpeaking of Topatriztion, aid: e HONG KONG NEWS of January 19, 1942, patriates were not permitted to leave.** It is therefore not surprising that upon their occupation of Hong Kong the Japanese military authorities took immediate steps calculated to reduce its population as rapidly as possible to prewar levels. " . eg no has for long been overcrowded with people not normal- LY ee on ars, were duped by the Chungking Government into be- e Japanese were not what they professed that they have seen with their > I Sey own eyes the good intenti they fully realize that the i ro y have been listening to nothi i from the Chiang Kai-shek cli : es que. Therefore they are anxious t : : 0 re- ein villages to resume whatever trade or business they had e ey fled, and in this direction the Japanese authorities are giving them every assistance b idi portation." y providing escorts and means of trans- 2. Means. a. Repatriation Bureau. Shortly after the surrender of Hong Kong, and perhaps even prior to the establishment of the Civil Administration Depart- ment of which it was to become a part, a Repatriation Bureau was set up by the Japanese military to organize the evacuation from the Colony of a considerable part of its population. Early in January this Bureau was successful in bring- ing about the organization of a Chinese "Repatriation Committee" composed of representatives of the various district and provincial guilds which had long functioned in Hong Kong as social and mutual benefit societies for the Chinese residents of the Colony born in their respective districts or provinces. The meetings of this Committee were held in the presence of Japanese military offi- cers from the Bureau. This is i nin] jo SOFFSct $0 far as the overcrowding was concerned, but it was cer t 2 y ho ecause 'they had seen with their own eyes the good intentions of Japan hat hundreds and thousands of Chinese were "anxious to return is their d ii was SA because they were caught in a gigantic "squeeze" that © \ no alternative than to leave in Hon j SoS ° : g Kong whatever possessions hey might have —— except only ,in most cases, just what they could Li So get out —— al Sometime during the first week of January the military authorities issued . as best they could. They were trapped in the disorder created by the —— through the Repatriation Bureau — a notice warning that persons in Hong Kong who had "no employment or place of residence," or who had to "beg for their food" should be repatriated to the cities or villages in China from whence they had come. b. Function of the Guilds. The agents both of the Bureau and of its tool, the Committee, worked through the district and provincial guilds. These organ- izations had in most instances already well-established club-rooms or offices which were familiarly known to most of the villagers or provincials whom they represented, and they afforded a quick and natural means of contact with the majority of those Chinese who still had attachments with their home villages and who therefore had somewhere to go. Many of them were, as has been indicated, mutual benefit societies, and not a few of them were wealthy in their own right. In ordinary times a native of Toishan who wanted assistance in returning to his village would be likely to turn to the powerful Toishan Guild without prompting; wh € WOW TE rule, and rape; for such public utilities as were gradu- 111 he Japanese authorities were demanding & 0st of everything had increased man Eres sed many fold; there was not enou 2 : é gh rice to eat at "ype. Be oumns it seemed a blessing just to get out of it alive, at what- ver ost a who had property had in most instances had it sealed; they i ri 1f hey left it would be expropriated by the Japanese because they si do in Hons Kong to comply with one regulation or another governing its e | n or its management.*** The chances were th th reg ; y 0 at they would be leavin ore any bank funds they might have had been "unfrozen'".**** They were rane 0 i id ng whatever they had for a trip that they might well not survive, in the hope * See page No. 24 above. 1 ne 1 1 th ts «qr S Wh ~ r ment — e h J d i i » i ~ - P - i » C e Gendarme olice Stat on als . uec i i i , b i ucl iocur 1 F 1 :) ( 1SSue ese erml ’ besides such a aocumen ’ the repatrs A : 5 : ‘ patriate had to have inoculation and vaccination certificates, and, for some destina , 8, 3, som aestlinae ions, to h ” ; cx s, to have been medically examined by one of the staff doctors within 48 hours of his epart : y ) g S e pre 1 Ww e I ure I'wo photographs had to be presented with the application for the "repatriation “bh 7 G a. -s » - now the existence of such an organization not only greatly facilitated the ex- ercise by the Japanese of pressure aimed at forcing the individual to leave, but afforded as well a ready-made means of making the project self-supporting. The money and property and other vested interests of the guilds were now all virtually in Japanese hands, and made the guilds peculiarly accessible to Jap- anese control. Norwere the authorities slow to exploit their position: bystate- ‘16 value Of the nents in the press, as well as directly through the agents of the Bureau, the LL properties affected. ot until January 30 were withdrawals by "non-hostile" Chinese of not more than H.K.$50 guilds were informed they were expected to "hasten to prepare the way for their i veraltied: u ! members to return {to their native districts) either by land or by sea.” Rv ; on March 17 it was made possible for them to withdraw up to H.K.$150; ertificate." Ee Persons w i S i Ey hose residences or other properties had been sealed were ordered to apply to he an i » » . » " . i Th ce for their restitution; if they had not done so by the end of February, the premises were i n ol oh Ponsa Ie confiscated as "enemy property." On the other hand, an individual who obeyed h structi i i i i ; rt ons laid himself open to various exactions which might even exceed in amount - ou Wii ally they could tak limi it] Gi oat . e unlimited quantities of either Hong Kong or Chinese currency out wit! 4 h m * » . ~ 4 r R a. (it was forbidden to take military yen) but various financial regulations made it possi- tle for them to get any to take. See below, FINANCE. Be - 48 - of reaching a destination where there would perhaps be no place for them: —- but a planned anarchy and the cunning application of pressure left no choice. When this mass evacuation was first begun the techniques were evidently less developed. There are numerous reports of how, in the first week or so in January. the Japanese military gathered up many of those —— es- pecially the men —- left homeless by the hostilities, and herded them throug! Kowloon and the New Territories, and across the border into the no-man's land beyond; if they were seen trying to come back again they were shot. Chinese troops further north, made suspicious by the circumstances, sometimes shot those who did not turn back.* e. Routes Out. On January 11 the first regular route was opened: two small river vessel sailed on that day carrying 2,000 persons destined for Pok Cn District and 1,00( for Shikioo; the HONG KONG NEWS account stated that at Pok On there would b ferry boats waiting to which those who wished to go to Shikioo or Chungsha might transfer. The Canton puppet authorities were also supposed to be despatch ing officials to meet the travellers. A third batch left three days later Db; the same route for Shikioo and Tamshui. January 16 the steamer traffic to Cant leaving at 9:00 a.m. from the 0.S.K. Wharf. It was followed a few minutes late by the KAIJU MARU, the two ships carrying 2,000 people between them. Word had ** that tickets would be on sale at the P. & 0 gotten around the day previous Building for 9 Yen lst class, 5 Yen 2d, and 3 Yen for 3d.*** The crush at il box office was terrific, and on the morning of the sailing, were due to up-anchor, lined up in a queue stretching for well over aboard. one of the three left every morning at the same hour always packed with repatriates. Meanwhile a thriving junk traffic, also for the benefit of Chinese fleei Hong Kong, had sprung up between the Island and Macao. It had been forbidden the authorities -- presumably because it permitted the clandestine escape persons who might be wanted by the Gendarmerie —— but not until January | when regular Hong Kong —- Macao steamer sailings were resumed, did it drop © markedly. The SHIROGANE MARU and the TEMPO MARU made the opening trip, ticks which were purchasable at the dock costing 5 Yen for the first class, 3 Y for the second, and 2 Yen for the third. This sailing was of course very crowd ed too, but the Canton trip evidently continued the most popular, there havi Qe. been, for instance, ten thousand people lined up along Connaught Road on S urday to buy passage, of whom more than six thousand were there all day Sund —— hundreds and hundreds of people standing in line, or lying on the pavement as Consul in Hong Kong of the neutral Argentine was able to vi * Ramon Lavalle, who, s for evacuees being sent out thro points in the New Territories which served as station s that they were promised a catty of rice each at the border, but rarely recei Kowloon, say rs were almost invariably set upon and robbed by ga it, and when they got beyond the borde sters who laid in wait for them. ** Spread by the Japanese? »** Aside from the price of the ticket, each repatriate was assessed (according to whet! he was traveling lst, 2d or 3d class) 5, 3, ing period imposed by the Japanese authorities in Canton before the boat was permitted unload there. Presumably a stool examination was required. on was resumed, the SHIROGANE MARU long before the ships those who had been successful in getting tickets were a quarter of a mile, waiting to g« Later a third ship, the GIYO MARU, was added to this run, and at leas for weeks thereafter, and or 2 Yen for food for the twenty-four hour walt - 40% for Tory eight hours at a stretch just for the chance to get away.* And peck Si had tickets would go to the docks the night before the sailing to sleep ere, to be sure that they got a place on the boat: the Japanese oft sold more tickets than there was space. en . Later on, in the first part of February, routes by sea were also opened to Swatow and Chiuchow. On February 20 communications with Kongmoon were for th first time resumed, to permit persons from the populous Sze Yap district to r turn by ship to their villages. By the middle of March many more peopl fore leaving by ship than overland through Kowloon and the New rr tories De a Kowloon district bureaus' figures for repatriates showed a sharp d : month of March, ** P3200 Bop is In April -- probably reflecting the growing shortage in shipping —-- d partures by sea began to decline markedly, but since the Japanese ee ved ol Cvereal: totals for departures to be maintained, the Repatriation Bureau evident- ly activated" the Chekiang and Kiangsu guilds, influencing the Erenuization of 2 Chediang-Kiangsu Residents' Association," which shortly began oTganiaation f the first group of repatriates to make their whole trip by land On ab 5 4pril 19 a group of five hundred left under its auspices to return to Sh ey by land. A second group of three hundred left on May 27, and a third bs hundred, on June 3. A "Swatow and Chao-chow Natives Associsiion’ was oi formed, and sponsored the evacuation by land of a number of groups of ts bers, The Fukien Provincial Guild served in effecting the roebreation of whi fourteen large groups of Fukienese who travelled on foot and by chair ii thot native province before the end of June. These overland movements or those by water to Canton and Macao, as well as less frequent ones to Tone Shoyen, have been continuous to date, although the total numbers of those leav- ing in any given period have dropped considerably below the earlier peak a 5 Estimate of Numbers. Because no complete census of the population of ong ong as of December, 1941, exists, it is not possible to state accuratel the numbers of those whom the Japanese military controllingHong Kong were able 0 evacuate from its territories, but even the lowest of available ws Hors he phenomenal success with which their efforts were crowned. sodording hgh fo Seiinate published on February 4, 1942 in the HONG KONG NEWS, oy or a left Hong Kong under "the repatriation scheme instituted Wi ’ 2 he first week of January." If the wording of this report is 780 d he epartures during the last three weeks in January must have aver- a5 (Solathing more than 10,000 a day. A report published in the same paper wp Sent fier is ating the part played by the District Bureaus in Kowloon in 2 A spe Tlates, states that "each District has attended to thousands i gp id aily, and it is estimated that 350,000 Chinese from Kcwloon ave is suggests that the earlier figure was for the Island alone, but s unlikely -- although certainly not possible —- that as many as 600, 00! in all were evacuated in that brief period. Reyes 5 j The same long lines were forming late in March as there had been in the first part of pg There seemed to be no end either to the numbers of these people or 15 Nos aces The Rovicon route had been and was to continue to be one of the Rosi iNbortant Sacre tue to its proximity to Chinese territory, in spite of the dntnterrunted deprad Lion 7 troops and Chinese gangsters. ea - 50. An estimate from the same source as of February 20 gave the total of those who had left the Colony since its fall up to that date as 400,000; a rough censue of Kowloon taken during the first part of the month and published on March 10 gave its population as 421,000 as atainst 800,000 prior to the Pacific War: according to perhaps more complete figures published some two months later, there were 601,778 persons resident on the Island and 472,398 in Kowloon, making a total population of 1,074,176 as of about the 20th of May, 1942. A broadcast from Tokyo in English, of January 20, 1943, quoted a DOMEI despatch of that date from Hong Kong, giving the population of the Colony at the close of December, 1942, as 083,512, of which 972,146 were Chinese, 4,002 Japanese, and 7,364 nationals of third countries. A TRANSOCEAN broadcast from Berlin on the same day quotes Lieutenant Gen- eral Isogai, Governor of Hong Kong, as having announced, "The Japanese Adminis- tration of Hong Kong plans to reduce the population by another 300,000. ..at present the population of Hong Kong is 1,000,000, while the city affords work and shelter for only 700,000." D. Food Supplies. 1. Rice. Hong Kong had always depended almost completely on imports from beyond the borders of the Colony for its food supply, including the all-important staple of the Chinese population, rice. In anticipation of the gravest difficulties should the Island be cut off from its sources of im- ported rice, the Hong Kong Government had required rice dealers to stock up, and itself made large rice purchases; the accumulated supply was many times authoritatively described as being sufficient for the then population* of tI Colony for a period of at least six months. a. Acute Shortage. According to a report whi after its capture, and which is probably true, ly undertook to locate as m and shipped it to Japan. sealed or taken directly over. military were themselves willing unseal so that it might be sold by tion of Hong Kong. For perhaps as much as te it was impossible to buy rice anywhere, people was terrible. Such supplies as were subsequently discovered wer Thereafter only such rice as the Japanes to sell, or which they could be persuaded f Chinese dealers, was available to the popul: +1 To check possible rice riot group assaults, grain - the Japanese authorities op literally swamped with hungry people. controlled HONG KONG NEWS in its edition of January 14, 1942, says: * "Very close to 2,000,000" —- see above, REPATRIATION. ch gained wide currency on the Island shortly the Japanese military immediate- uch of that store as they could, gathered it together n days after the city's surrender and the suffering of the masses of hf s — there were numerous cases of individual and as well as of robbery of places believed to contain stores of ened several grain depots, which were at once Of the scene at one of them the Japanese- Thailand. 15 1 1 Y 3 © 1n a freighter from Thailand; the story was headlined in the NEWS NED Nd tents in alm Sth most five months to feed a population of a million people who trade grew up over th e borders of the New i i e New Territories from China; that r Zed by swelling of the feet his, - 51 =~ "Standing three abr : ’ east in lines i Cent extending from ' i Des ars Central Market, tothe Qrenre rte ay So dreds of Co fron the Asia Company to Queen Victoria Street one bd Big Se were yesterday seen buying rice from one of th Sg od to Hr Dog Aan have been established. Each person was er 3 nts worth, and every conceiv Wom i able for ainer including hats and even a shoe, was used to hold the coaiamen The first : : held a necting as Situation came from the rice merchants. wh the supply by importati middle of January to discuss means of replenishi 0 January 23 reported et from Thailand and Annam. The HONG KONG NEWS of the good offices of th “iid had presented to the Japanese authorities a »7 Which contemplated i ehabllitation Advisory Committee, two Aeneas SOeh areas Would noralls ye rice with the money that Overseas Rely, os to Hong Kong and sr fri ii villages in Kwnagtung, Shipping he eres villages. The second ar " , and remitting the money thus realized to Te nd involved an exchange of manufactured products a Aus For reported 0 . . Na ] Ce amongst the Chinese that the J AT 2 ! apanese had despatc :rs to Annam to undertake the purchase of oo hed several of ihe dea The fir and they presumably went St recorded shipment of the precious grain came ik went to Je 1h C : on April of ne ongrale Syies of the authorities' concern for the welf: Fotnoate py Brier i Hong Kong was provided by the arrival Sara This a ant Of 5 Marge consignment of rice from Thailand on ws will be hailed with delight by t ee fir : : g y the public lis is ime of rice to arrive here since the SR og A i ship was filled to capacity with Pies I 1at at the godown in Kowl Is Fico Fas EtilT apnitaels o Se00W: in Rowloon are stocks of On May 1 a second shipm : 1042) ; shipment arrived. "The second con : 1 onsignment of ri Po: since the end of hostiliti rice to reach Hong Kong from Thailand Stllities arrived here on Friday afternoo: Th 3 cargo, whi Ver 4 T sae yi 1s much bigger than the first consignment that arrive 07 bass ey consists, it is understood, of several tons of sn Seca emia Ls arelvat of this second rice consignment 3% toca 00 roble i Smid 3 ’ , 18 eX is concerned." P m 1s now definitely solved, as far as rice The ri / ce purchased was evidently of an inferior grade; with only t hi ; n twos ahi | Illy 1wo Snip- l on it as ; ; he Sepence the mainstay of their diet, the demand was such that A iv 1at a smuggling oO oO s altoge [fici i oe gether insufficient in quantity and low in quality. == lh "A total distance of at least ten blocks. It was all glutinous: writing to a friend hi ' , a Ch who had 42 says, "Eating too muct : Chinese who had left Hong Kong in the fall much glutinous rice has produced a tie BE form of malnutrition character— beri-beri- i iohtv ( ri— RSW). Eighty percent of the people suffer from = 50 = Meanwhile it was persistently reported that the poor in the Colony had in several localities been reduced to eating human flesh.* b. Rationing. Partly as the result of the shortage of shipping and of other natural elements inherent in Hong Kong's position, and partly through the deliberate acts of the Japanese military, a situation was being created in which strict control would be necessary. It is probably not an accident that the form which this control took - the rationing of rice — was such as to give the military a strangle-hold on the population of Hong Kong that they could not have acquired in any other way. With hundreds of people dying every day of starvation, and the rice mer- chants themselves anxious to re-open their shops, the Japanese did not find it difficult to set up a controlled sales organization. Under the direction of Colonel Ikemoto, the head of the Economic Section of the Japanese Army in Hong Kong, sixty rice shops on the Island and forty on the mainland were licensed to sell rice; the price was to be sixty Hong Kong cents a catty,** and each family was to be limited to two catties a day. On February 5 Colonel Ikemoto called elected shops to a session in the Economic Section of the Civil Administration Office and gave them a lecture on their functions; they were told that the authorities would supply them with the rice to sell; that they were to sell fixed quantities at a fixed price, and that they would be Lil punished "if they abused their instructions for purposes of gain." the managers of the s There were many abuses. The people were short-weighted, over-charged, and sheated in every other conceivable way. Many shops remained closed to the pub- and sold their stocks only to the fayored few who could pay twice the price set But even if the system had been given an honest trial, it would almost certainly have failed: there was put into effect no sure way to prevent the same people from making purchases at several shops on the same day, nor could an individual who had not been able to make any purchases at all protest against that fact with any hope of redress or remedy . + ilC, It is probable that the Japanese themselves didnot intend that this arrange- ment should serve as anything more than a stop-gap; the Civil Administration Department had earlier carried out a house to house investigation of the Cen- tral District on Hong Kong Island to discover the number of persons living at each and on the basis of those figures ration cards were issued by the De- partment to persons resident in that area who applied for them. The experiment was begun on February 20; each person was allowed half a catty of rice a day on a card which showed the number of persons covered by it, the total daily allow- ance, and the period of its validity. After he had received his card from the Department, the applicant had then to proceed to a designated "main depot," where he paid for the quantity of rice to which he would be entitled for the next five days. Then, on the basis of his receipt for the money, he could go to one of the six authorized rice shops in the district and reeive one day's supply =- one-fifth of the amount for which he had paid. The arrangement con- templated his returning each day for the remaining four to receive the rest of address, " * In a conversation with this writer in June, 1942, in Hong Kong, an Indian who had been for years in British employ, but who was at the time in the service of the Japanese, said that some of his own countrymen were eating babies. ** 1,33 lbs. - 53 - the supply whi : : TnI he i puvenasen, Bus system involved standing in long lines . card, at the depot to whi ” very da : which payment was Nye diay depot to get the actual rice. The Central ar Jr i 3% Spain after complaint alleging that the rice depots wer Baas I Siar Rly, T9oinis aris lhe nosey 10d Len paid; BR ther Tees IA that dion ; that they would issue one day's ration but deny id rs y i ne er seen the applicant, refusing him the remainder thot ee oan sont ten ra to this outburst, P. H. SIN, the pend of Hi ral a ed statement in the press emphasizi : Hr tie he Bureau uad any connection with the Ftlontas phasizing that neither he nor Perhaps as an / har answer to the critici Li sm of Japan ; gis hat statement was panese management implicit i said to Pave Ey Tony thereafter placed in charge of rationing 4; : : dog geste e institution 1g, and is he of a number of ri {ons sach to tak a : of rice rationin adopted os care of a certain number of people.* This scheme was £2 Spats, adopled, n Ww ventu WAS ie Torii, Tenens of the population was made, on the basis i wally 10 {ake Care ae ii 57 depots in Hong Kong and 41 in Kowloon hy Pie » take care of the needs of 1,100 house inj eo Sep0d ATs o ’ Ss containing an P use, Each pe w : g average of 10 peop . three days' ivi was allotted 0.4 catties of rice a hii and S re : iree da ratior ime : on Oe A , and was allow on at a time; the price was set at Hong Kong 40 cents a is ae » aL y- The iss od : 8 BS ars of rice ration cards was made the responsibility of the AD tA 1 . ~= rh en oy . ph . w Le va- raed on ila each card was divided into ten tickets: each ticket re covered b po € due date beyond which it was invalid, the number of {lic ve a /¥ “i © 3 . a m - > ’ L e De p y 11, and the amount of rice which was to be issued abioligy re . 151 11, an + 1} ne personal s ‘Ss 4 rpld ord a at eal of the individual who had drawn the card.**** The od 1 » tile rice was to be r i % fact ing 50 set that ov every three days was also stated, the dates oS Ww ~ iC ne-thir : ’ 11C C ® el of the population of Hong Kong received rice each ] A xy LY To maintain rice s ’ inion: sash ee Supply to the depots, ten violesale rice Shops wer WA 10 cover a certain number of the depots, and tie 1 ore 11d not purchase rice from any other source , 1 1e 1 seems more likely that the plan had already been worked ady been worked out in detail by the Japanese ~ c+ estionofSin's t AKG 14 : 1 of Sin's to make 1t more palatable to the Chinese and’ i was publicized as a sugg 'é a non-Japanese scape-goat if it aroused too os g If i used too muc wu Ain h o ositio : W " ne hewvas tedly used French leaders in the same way is Be Shoterenn me 1s hig *quantity was stat 1 y h (J quar y was stated by the (Japanese) Director of the Civil Administ 4 De acil1ival 1 ui 4 ny vi Mis iii Depart = 1 : Wa . : Ad 2 LiAllOl Vepari=- Jo alent to that of the ration in Japan. The amount was lat ] od lodge mour aS later increased to e rily raised t Od catty d y 0 HK 60¢ a catty, and then again to HK$1.20 at $1.80 a catty. a catty. Black market rice It was expected that each card wid aC card wo Cc Ae et 4 . a a vould cover from six to twelve people; it was issued responsible head of the family or to the seni : , 11 was issued to i . mily 0 ithe senior member of a group The svstem went i ‘ect on March 15, 1942, » + 1he system went into ** The act 3 4 y iNie acliua C a decrribhad : Ni 1 card isdescribed as having been about 5" wide and 7" ro8 : 1idd . : 33 clita ~We alll g:; perforated NT middle, -each side was divided bv perforations int : : +0nLg,; pe aited down Y I ations into five tickets, making ten + - ing “UL e ry CO 8 1t > SSar LO araw a new arg. of “ 1€ dat ’ eve 30 was nece y y e€ Cc lnese who lived i : V ived in Hong Kong under the Japanese for eight months says, "T ous Py cc it E40 U ili] ays, hey were the mo ous possession that anyone had, next to life itself The ration their i lit Se ve was not ive id tad : ant nae dahtY 1eir holders could re- ¢ enough to live on, but their withdrawal meant certainst ti : "A 4 by +4 LQ Is rr +h _- ‘Tom whom they were taken up." arvation for the person Jie - 54 - : A Rice Supply Committee was also formed, comprising a Chairman, five executive officers, and from 12 to 15 other members; the terms of reference were four: supply, investigation, examination, and the issue of ration cards. Being composed of leading rice merchants and under Japanese auspices, it natur- rally was limited to advisory functions in these fields, but it is believed to have been through this committee that the despatch of rice merchants to Annan and Thailand was arranged. Restaurants were also rationed: from six to seven hundred were registered with the Civil Administration Department to receive daily allotments of rice directly from it; they were broadly divided into "large" and "small" restaurants, the "large" ones being given one-half bag of rice a day, and the smaller ones from twenty to thirty catties a cay. These amounts were later changed to per- mit the larger eating houses to purchase 90 catties a day and the smaller ones 40 catties. Both were charged the set price prevailing at the time. It is interesting to note that although other "third nationals" were obliged to take out ration cards if they desired rice, both the Indian and Portuguese communities were given separate and more favorable treatment through the pro-Japanese groups within each community which the Japanese authorities were supporting. Dr. Atienza distributed rice rations every morning at the Club. Lusitano to 1,100 Portuguese; the India Independence League issued ra tions to Indians once a week; those able to pay were asked to do so. the insufficiency of the diet c. Black Market. As has been indicated, which rationing permitted gave rise to a widespread evasion of the rationing controls by smugglers from the mainland, who brought in the cheapest quality of rice for sale in the "black market" in Hong Kong. Many of the rice merchants in Hong Kong also diverted considerable amounts of the commodity to the black market because of the much larger profits. But the existence of this market was no solution: the currency situation was confused, there were no goods available for exchange, even had the "black market" been regularized; the prices were so high that the poorer residents would not have benefited; if there was a sufficiency of rice for Hong Kong's population anywhere, it was in the godowns that the Japanese had taken over. 2. Other Rationed Items: a. Sugar. With the mechanics of rice rationing fairly completely worked out, the Japanese military turned their attention to other staple con- modities in which famine conditions -- real or artificial —- obtained. On of these was sugar: white sugar had almost disappeared from such markets were open in the early months of 1942, and brown sugar, which had been substi tuted for it, had also grown scarce.* In June the Economic Section of th Governor's Office undertook a careful investigation of sugar stocks and con sumption requirements both in Hong Kong and Kowloon, and on June 13, some 47 ol! the leading sugar merchants were called to a meeting of the Representative Coun n * Meanwhile with the city's capture the Japanese had taken over the 50,000 tons of sugar iI Hong Kong's godowns; on April 2, 1942, Tokyo broadcast that 1,000 tons had already been shipped to Japan, and that the remaining 49,000 tons would follow it as soon as shipping was available. 3 - BB « cil, where they were told that they would be issued sugar from sealed stocks for distribution to the public. Shortly after that meeting the selected dezlers elected an executive committee from among themselves to serve as a gontrol board for their commodity under the direction of the Economic Section. 2 On June 29, 1942, 24 distributing stations were opened, Hong Kong and 8 in Kowloon; each person was allowed 4.8 taels ugar per month, the regulation prices being 55 sen (at the then H.K. $1.10) per catty for granulated sugar and 50 sen (H.K. $1.00 sugar. These allotments were issued against the regular rice ration b. Cooking 0il. Another item the scarcity of which was sharply Hong Kong was cooking oil, essential to the preparation by Chinese food. Only infrequent shipments of peanut oil were received from Shuitu Kwangtung via Macao, and it and other oils used for cooking purposes Hore on the rationed list at about the time that sugar was, the individual allotment being 9.6 taels, and the nominal price set at H.K. 83.20 lthough with the further devaluation of the Hong Kong dollar this doubled. ¢c. Flour. Flour was originally distributed at the rice ration each person being permitted to purchase one catty, and although it had formally rationed by the end of June ,1942, an investigation of available and the minimum needs of the community was proceeding, looking to the of that commodity as well. 3. Unrationed Foods. a. Efforts to Control Marketing. In onf followed the entrance into Hong Kong of the Japanese soldiery, all provision stores closed down. Such trade as was gradually resumed wa the street stalls that crowded every thoroughfare, or by hucksters wl vhat goods they had to sell around with them. The first efforts ese military to re-open the normal channels of food distribution the re-establishment of the numerous markets from which in Kong had purchased most of its produce. Toward this end the of the Civil Administration Department opened a Public Markets Bureau u oshio Nakamura as Chief. The Bureau ruled that no stall rent in market | required for a month, and forbade the sale of fish and meat except >ts; the hawkers might continue to sell vegetables, but only in certain area the period of c nf Vv peace times Economic By the end of February the Bureau was successful in reopening most important markets in both Hong Kong and Kowloon, although considerabl hawking continued in defiance of the order. In a further initiative as less fortunate: it undertook to set ceilings on prices of all goods sold i the markets thus re-opened, whether those goods had been supplied to ers through the Bureau or not. The basis on which the prices were t Llowed the produce man a straight 25% profit, and during the period wher ilings were enforced, they effected a considerable reduction in the several commodities. This was promptly circumvented by Chinese who bo quantities of the articles which were available at less than the prices, and re-sold them at the higher rate. The Bureau forbade thi but was unable to stamp it out, nor in fact to control the origi: Ti | llal 19 1Ce he black =~ NT > ’ v i » Y - 56 =- » the commodities, and the attempt to fix the prices of all provisions was appar- ently abandoned. b. Establishment of Selling Areas. A method which permitted a more ef- fective control of the food distribution machinery was the establishment of selling areas. In the case of cooking 0il, for instance, the Japanese author- ities, who naturally controlled the imports of the raw article (peanut oil) as well as its manufacture in Hong Kong, obliged merchants who wished to take part in its sale to establish their shops on a designated street.* This idea was a natural extension of the Chinese tendency, and was applied to the sale of most important food staples (the others, being rationed, were already sold through controlled depots). Yet another approach to control was through the forma- c. Syndicates. A Japan- tion of officially supported importing syndicates for various foods. ese-sponsored meat-importing syndicate was formed in May under one LI Chi-kong, who left for Kwangchowan in the first part of that month to make arrangements for the importation into Hong Kong of pigs, poultry, sheep, and eggs. Later the formation of a similar syndicate of importers for chickens and geese was reported, and it is believed that others also were created, as market demands made profitable or desirable the exploitation of a particular field of food distribution. d. New Territories Agricultural Association. The only hope that Hong Kong has of becoming even partially self-supporting in the production of food lies in the New Territories beyond Kowloon, where there is an area of cultivat- able land on which some rice and a certain amount of garden truck can be grown To exploit these possibilities to the limit the Japanese organized the "New Territories Agricultural Association." Its membership is believed to have in- cluded dealers in vegetables in Taipo and some of the land-owners in the ter- ritory; it provided the Japanese military with a direct means of pushing in- creased plantings, e. Prices. The prices of all foods shot up very rapidly after the Japan- ese occupation, the increases ranging generally from 300 percent in the items least affected to well over 1,000 percent in those in which the rise was more The basic increase occurred with the establishment of the exchange marked. rate between the Hong Kong dollar and the Japanese military yen -- it was a first two to one, and dealers were required to state their prices in yen. Un- certain as to whether the Hong Kong dollar had in fact been devalued, mos dealers simply stated the Hong Kong price in yen; when this was re-converted back to Hong Kong dollars again, an automatic increase of 100 percent had been effected. Scarcity, demand, difficulty in distribution, and the risks involved quickly doubled and re-doubled the rates of increase. Eggs have sold in Hong Kong for half a cent (H.K. currency or about one mill U.S. money) apiece. For a long time after the occupation "the hens quit laying," and when eggs finally re-appeared the smallest sold at 50 cents apiece, and the established price later came to be 80 cents apiece. Meat of any kind -- some of it reputedly human flesh —- sold for from $6.00 to $10.00 a catty, and edible pork and beef iy Wanchai. AB PIET Aas It : horities; it was likewise forbidden to move goods or valuables to * In Hong Kong there were two such districts - one in the central section and the other 1in “57 = at $12.00 a catty.* Chicken was $14.00 a catty; duck, $8.00; potatoes, oni Pn) Shes Sin £1 very difficult to obtain) around 81 00 a catiy; hd fis ‘ 0 .00 a catty and salted fish from $8 00 t 9 Butter went from $5.00 a tin (prior to the war it could b Bia to $20.00 a tin; fresh milk, which was 40 ce : SL fr a as 1s unobtainable for a long time after it, win iis Nan he Se fist for 60 cents a bottle and then for $1.20.** There tended origin i ; a n — 1 a Bo cases a steep rise in these prices, and the most recent Soin inable on present conditions indicates that it has not yet been checks ed * * %* Ws Rout est monitored in New Delhi on December 19, 1942. the Governor I Sop is quoted as having stated in the course of a speech on Hong Kena! eto pine gr were not particularly high and that food was shoaper “dh 1 m es. is statement is, in a com i er r Chg , parative sense at least. t A rves as a fitting footnote to an §%, tue) 41 . y review of food prices in th stwhi lony, because there the fact that pri ii 19 (ersihile . ; prices are prohibitive i ead e dominant circumstance: there is not enough food. **** S ft uy E. Commerce and Industry. 1. Means of Control. a. Effect of the Occupation. As was the case in 208 leading Chinese residents into its service, or to drive half na ns OT 4D Lusulinte control of the food supplies, the Stponese Ailitars nw ore in its program for Hong Kong's commerce and industrv by 3 obtained in the Colony as the result of the hostilities a d 3 ¢ occupation. All trade had been cut off by the war; stocks in SoWhs ized by the military; factories that were not dismantled wer Se boring forces dispersed by repatriation. The physical olend Vy Wari ired, and the Japanese military could do what they wanted with it. b ; ; x Rules_and Regulations. Their first step was to make sure that no re umption of normal commercial or industrial activities could take place without ALT willl neir full knowledge and consent An i $ | ‘ order evidently issued early in Janua nd reported in the HONG KONG NEWS of January 14, 1942, forbade I rear ds i and valuables, or their release to other places without permission of the Oo «$d OO - 3 | rt goods from, enemy territories. ; Ties order was elaborated in the "Laws for Rule of the Captured Te: i issued on March 29. They prescribed an application form which had 1lled out and approved by the Governor prior to the exportation of zoode: fe figures given here, all in Hong Kong currency, are taken from two Separate Chitose hii they agreed in most instances, and accord well with the wettarts 4 tenet A Chinese housewife who maintained a family group in Hong Kong after it ot Totter tn. anese states that the simplest meal for five people dott at Jere: ten ei ng n dollars; for per- Ss 80 percent ! 1lati p of Hong Kong's population such a meal would be out of reach *** As of May, 1943. ""** Nor enough firewood to cook it with. } H i | 1] BE the same form had to be gone through within five days after the importation of goods; importers who had not made such a petition and had it approved could not sell the imported goods or hand them over to a third party. siness was similarly hedged about by d to give the most detailed informa- ace of business and a construction In the same laws the carrying on of bu regulation and control; the application ha tion, including "a surface plan of the pl plan."* More important is Item 23 of the Law: ness has been stopped for six months a business is not clear for three deemed to have been given "If the carrying on of a busi or more, or if the position of months or more, then such business shall be up," This provision, and a later one which makes failure to comply with the regulations touching the carrying on of business and mercantile activities punishable under military law, was evidently regarded by the Japanese military as giving them sanction —- if indeed they felt that they needed any —- for the confiscation of the plants of absent or recalcitrant owners. The heart of the organization of Hong Kong's economy tration Department of the Japanese der of the city, and there is evi- c. Economic was the Economic Section of the Civil Adminis Army.** Its activities began with the surren dence that almost immediate contact was effected with the leading industrialists and business men who were then in the Colony.*** On January 21, its Chief, Colonel Ikemoto, called a meeting of representatives of all the more important Chinese firms in Hong Kong to discuss with them the revival of trade. The re- port of the meeting in the HONG KONG NEWS noted that there were representatives of the military authorities present. Conclusions reached at this meeting were not stated, but it is believed that it w as called in connection with other ini- tiatives of the Economic Section which had earlier been taken through the indi- genous group of Chinese merchants which was to become its pr incipal instrument in Hong Kong, the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce. d. Chinese Chamber of Commerce. Perhaps the first group to contemplate cooperation with the Japanese after their capture of Hong Kong, **** and cer- tainly the one possessing the greatest material stake in the Colony, the Chan- ber served the Section as what may be called a "control-transmission board, "***” through it the Section could reach the merchant guilds whose leaders comprised the Chamber's membership. Every distinct type of trade or commerce in the * A notification of June 3, 1942 revokes this latter requirement. See inclosure No. 176 npublic Notification NO. 27". ** With General Isogai's assumption of the Governorship, probably with few if any changes in personnel. »** This was made simpler by the circumstance that they were in most instanc mmunity in Hong Kong who have been rounded up by ijt was transferred to his office the group of leaders of the Chinese CO Gendarmerie. See p. 21 above. x***% See p. 18 above. & states that: godowns. nf Associ ; 1" es members ciations" to have been around 300, with a membership of 111,400 f Hé ’ : 0 t} tate rch ' i d to be merchants' guilds and the same number craft guilds +he - 85a Colony in which the Chinese were 1 engaged had —— as in Chi i oe : : n China —-- it wn wd he RE its representative in the Chamber; ie any not | better adapted to the purposes for which the Japanese a Various press references illustrate this function. A report of Jar 14 . nary " : eh iinese Oraer of Commerce called a meeting of represen ; ious business guilds yest i d si : yesterday for the iscussing proposals to submit to the Japanese thbE Ls Poe of reopening of business in the Colony. leg. for the n 4 Ahir Tams over fifty persons present, and Mr. TUNG Chung-wei e Chamber, spoke to them of the necessity of rerpening i o i are dealt with included public safety, rice, and currenc ggestions were made to ask the Japanese authorities to Ter ao goods which had been sealed ig and to open more centres for the sale of "The proposals ado i ne pted will be submitted to t ities to-day for consideration, it is understood he Japenese wuinos- On January 24*** the Economic Section ae ania : : asked the Chamber to submit propo her i Sy apansss in Hong Kong, asking at the same time ms am ug ey propose to import goods? (2) How did they propose ey je erporisrss (3) How would they go about re-startin a wi AN yaudhe allocation of shipping space to be Re ee Y ey have (presumably on any subject)? and (6) Wh t vere ey prepared to make anent the release of stocks in S roRL es, Shler Ineliey ii reply on January 27.**** The first two essen- Pi A rans aavival of business in Hong Kong were: (1) the Fe~operin Sum ions, and (2) the immediate release of stocks from the aln observations: (3) Hong Kong's business was astally lone with i i North China, Central China, and South China, as well as with other untries; (4) i (4) Tokyo might serve as the financial center of this trade with : + bE ’ ” > whole ar 1 ea under Japanese control; (5) the import of goods into Hong Kong o e adn 1 tt BC Vv lnconm ete lgures iven 1n t} e Re ort 0 abour and apour )] MS - MAL a y Pp f g Ir g Pp -l ul a Lak A Ql n I 7 r } ig Kong" compile : litions i s piled by the Labour Officer and issued on April 11, 1939, show th be ze , , Sh the number of these, 28 were It seems likely that there a } "ere actually as i i lly as many as fifty guilds classifiable as "trade guilds." * TUNG was an ea " rly co-operator," : : ,""and at this meeti instructions. ting he appears to have beenacting on clear , HONG KONG NEWS, January 25, 1942. ‘* HONG KONG NEWS, January 28, 1942. ¥ - 800% there should be an increase in the number of ships ply- n - Formose - Thailand -— Annam; (7) banks should should be tax-free; (6) otection; and (9) the ing between Hong Kong and Japa pe re-opened; (8) the public should be afforded better pr charges for electricity and water should be reduced.* wed this reply, the Chamber was inese firms in Hong Kong that had goods in 1d submit to the Chamber detailed lists of those goods, which that body would in turn submit to the Japanese authorities with a view to securing the release of the goods. Merchants concerned were obliged to join the Chamber; a form was supplied; it had to be completed, sealed with the firm's chop, and in the hands of the Chamber, not later than March 24. A HONG KONG NEWS article of March 30 on the subject says, "The Chamber has re- ceived an enormous number oO If the f applications for the release of goods. authorities agree to the release, it is estimated that there will be sufficient material to last a long time, "*% As the result of the discussions which follo authorized to notify the various Ch the Colony's godowns that they shou s statement on this subject giving the deci- 10 stated that the release of the stocks was a Provident Loan and Mortgage Com- There was no subsequent pres sion reached; an article of April under consideration; that the Kowloon, Chin pany, and Wing On godowns were to be reopened. The services which the Chamber performed for the so-called "Chinese *** The first reference e. Manufacturers _Union. the Japanese in the field of Hong Kong's commerce, Manufacturers' Union" carried out for them in industry. to the "Union" appeared in the press on March 26. 1942, in an article which re- taking an inventory of the stocks of facto- ported that that organization was ries in Hong Kong and Kowloon. All factories were asked to submit particulars of their property to the Union he second floor of the China Building. Forms for the purpose the particulars were completed the thorities. The article estimated that there were approximately 40 large and small, in the Colony, of which over 300 were already "members" the Union. at its office on t nad already been sent out to the factories; The same article hinted at the Japanese were evidently contempl basis, the Union to buy the materials on behalf of the factories. type of cooperation ly prefer Japanese to British rule: Kong even from those Chinese who sincere their situation and hope to make as much of ** The lists forwarded by the Chamber to the Japanese are S variety of goods: piece-goods, glassware, tea, chinaware, chemical products, matches, machinery, parts, paper, wine, stationery articles, metals, dyes, leather, rubber goods, silk, « salt, tobacco, sugar, printing materials, believed to have been a Chinese Manufacturers’ but the "Union" seems t it as they can. woollen goods, gunny bags, rice, and materials for railway construction. *** There is to December 8, 1941. ese. when information would be forwarded to the au- 0 factories, QO an even further development of the Union which ating: factory owners belonging to it were alleged to be considering the manufacture of goods by it on a co-operative and sell the goods manufactured therefrom the Japanese receive in Hong they accept tated to have included a greal electrical equipment, peanuts, tinned goods, building material, gasoline, motor-car flour, precious foreign medicines, preserved sea food, candles Association in existence prior o have been formed at the instance of the Japan- - Bl = By March 30 over 200 f i actories, involvi A ea ; ; ving a capital of = i‘ CN 30,000 workers, had filed the a $20,000,000 ne 2 Se io many the authorities for he i ol . ries reportedly covered b i : e y these inventories had been engaged in the man 1 ufacture of a wide ran ries and numbers of the factories complying were Se prejasis. The catego- as: Numbe Category i i Number of Preserved Sieger i ito : Gopi Workmen aint ,901 155 Glass : 355,800 oe Confectionery and 5,000 40 Biscui Sires Supplies oe 644,700 433 LL p= n \Il ’ ’ ; : ing 20 755 4 129 otton Thread 1 Se 90 2,251 Leathe ,900 Pettonsss 32 158,600 — Metal P 10 298,100 Rubb fosuchs 15 2,290,800 3, pa ubber : ’ 7,280 Dyeing 32 1,827,500 4,845 Perfumeries 4 2 J 335 Nails » 7,200 281 Bakelite i 200,000 114 Gourmet Powder 5 . 50,000 32 Sanna Goods 3 gi 320 hirt ,900 > rts 1 10.00 410 garettes o , 000 o8 Vinntamary 5 233000 193 ans ’ 362 l Needles and Buttons 1 50,000 79 Medicine o 350,000 R52 Firecrackers 1 43,000 291 Josanite Destroyers 2 ioe 550 rinting ’ 76 Cotton i? 1,401,700 1,388 Tooth Brush 1 77,000 o8 Cloth Weaving 10 Sn 34 Miscellaneous 12 Sosa 3,760 Vy 1,176 Grand Total: P® 218 $ 19,934,600 30.153 registered. ** " HONG KONG NEWS, March 30, 1942. ** The figures w vir Bee Rous, however, probably include all of the large ones, sin Sui described, t i ; { fos Th » Since under th IS swied 311 connection hey would find it difficult to avoid registration. It ly : Sys UR i these figures that they very likely considerably a .r So be Jas e various factories, since the Chinese y : [State 1s panese assessments. se owners might reasonably fear -— BR On April 2 it was reported that the seven artificial-silk weaving factor- "considering" forming a sub-committee under the Chinese Manufacturers' Union to seek the assistance of the Japanese authorities. The factories were said to be capable of producing 250,000 yards of artificial silk a month, but were practically out of operation, since they had only 85,000 lbs. of material on hand and 147,600 lbs. in godowns. This stock would only last trem for some eight months; they planned that if their petitions for its re- lease were successful, they would also ask the authorities to make arrangements to procure further supplies from Japan or Italy. Their markets had previously been in the South Seas, the West Indies, and West Africa; the last two of these areas were now cut off, and they therefore hoped that the authorities would assist them to new markets in the south, in China, and in Indo-China. jes in Hong Kong were 2. Exploitation. The ways which the Japanese found to exploit the control which they had gained were characteristic. A shop or factory owner Or company manager who had complied with the requirements, and submitted detailed state- ments of his business and the stocks which he had stored, was obliged then to buy the privilege to resume operations. There was no fixed charge or tax, ‘the amount demanded appeared to depend on the particular Japanese* official with whom the Chinese was dealing and on the relative wealth of the firm. In many cases these exactions were so high, and repeated so many times on SO many dif- ferent pretexts, that the Chinese business man just gave up and got out of the Colony as best he could. a. Bribery. The godown stocks of firms which did not comply ent of amounts and values, etc., and able to support the continual demands b. Disposal of Stocks. with the requirements regarding a statem those of Chinese business men who were un for bribes* were confiscated by the Japanese authorities and disposed of they saw fit. The HONG KONG NEWS of May 12, 1942, printed a statement inviting "applications for supply" from people and firms engaged in certain trades, or dealing in specified goods. The list of trades and goods was fairly inclusive comprising, among others, foremen, tailors, building contractors; paper, metal ware, food, electrical equipment, watches, typewriters, and sundry goods. Ap- ere required to furnish a statement of their qualifications and also pment and the number of workmen available as possible for an entrepreneur who could t any line that they were interested Aw plicants w give details of their capital equi But with or without invitation, it w deal with the Japanese to enter almos pushing. c. Japanese Partners. tion of partnerships, a suggestion which Ww firms which had so large a plant in Hong Kong that they felt that they could notff totally abandon their interests; under the pressure of continued exactions and the numerous regulations, many of them turned their companies into partnerships giving a considerable share of the business to a Japanese. *# Their experience in Hong Kong has led many a person, Chinese and foreign alike, to belie that there is nothing a Japanese would not do for a sufficient bribe. Items 26 and 27 of the "Law" facilitated the forma- as readily received by those Chinestjg - 63 - a 5 Sa0spsss Firms. More frequently, however, the Japanese simply took over e physical plant and ran it themselves, with the assistance in ma ances of experts brought in from Japan.* The Hong Kong Hotel was t or oh the Navy, and its management placed in the hands of an ETE Lt i Toperial Holey in Tokyo who was brought out of retirement to undertake the task 16 ly took over the Peninsular and Gloucester Hotels, bringing in Japanese anagers for both of them. The Governor's Office (regarded as "Army," as noai " "3 3 against Navy" in the rivalry between the two) took possession of the Dairy Sioa 3 tl) new herd of cows and ran both it and the Dairv Farm ste . n e latter it sold food at prices with whi “or i v which private Chines stocurant owners could not compete. The Navy expropriated the houses en lue Pool Road, as well as the modern St. Joan's Apartment House on MacDonald oad. The Governor's Office took over the apartments -- perhaps the most at- tractive in Hong Kong -- along May Road. ** A Japanese from Canton who was serving as the head of the Gendarmerie Tiao n 3 Tui (Investigation Corps) is reported to have been given contrcl of th nyang Tobacco Company, which he promptly put into operation. igh ican Toba y The British-Am- a nal amy was reported to have been reorganized under Japanese lagen , With many of the original staff re-employed, and also to on: cai cturing cigarettes. *** ’ be manu- Six on 1x of the great Japanese shipping companies, including Nippon Yusen ‘aisha, the Osaka Shosen Kaisha, and the Dairen Kisen Kaisha, made formal appli AUC A Api —- i ff Dermissien to carry on business in Hong Kong, and were granted it on ¥ 2 . On May R22 a Mr. Kusumoto was permitted to take over a lo al bean ory to produce that commodity for the Japanese Army, for military h als, and for general use; one T. Imura, the Manager of the Honda Contos aa nohsi, was supplied with a stock of wines, foodstuffs and Sundries mi Bi large store (on supplies looted from the old Caldbeck, Vactrecor Lido; Tae Srls of those items; a Japanese enterprise was granted permission premises of the Cecil Hotel to run there a factory for the ma icture of cakes and biscuits; one U. Hayashi was allowed to Gost A SoD es + Sil SL The On Lok Aerated Water Manufacturing Company ed i i x me operations, also presumably under Japanese management. On June ‘he KONG PRESS noted other firms that were to re-open: Sakura & Com y; ¥ader one T. Sakura; Hiraoka & Company, large importers of newsprint ad er} Ido & Company. The commerce and industry of Hong Kon Hingis in oy ned over more and more into Japanese hands. EV ant e R cc Ww Dope] broadcast from Tokyo in December, 1942, said, "Hardly has the smoke of fina ind the thunder of guns become still when a well-organized army of isn er 15 goes into action in order to (hasten) its work of foanb Ligeti tof 8 fe fuch of this information is based on statements made bv a Chinese vara 3 possible to corroborate all the details, but the writer has no edhe 6 F lability, since it accords with his own observations and with Statenants in th 1 trolled press. Reni nthe. A very lucrative enterprise in Hong Kong: prices sky-rocketed with the fall. and oi °S that could be bought before December 7 for ten or twelve conte ‘for aso f sold for from ten to twenty cents a piece. 2 a package 3. State of the Trade. nths in Hong Kong after a. Shops. An observer who had lived for some moO thing over and the place the surrender said of it, "The Japanese have taken every is dead." The first part of this statement would appear to be truer than the second: allowing for the effects of the war on the island's economy, reports indicate that there is still a considerable amount of trade within the cily; a large percentage of the shops are stated by a Chinese then resident there to have been re-opened, albeit under new management. * b. Restaurants. The most flourishing enterprise in Hong Kong since the Japanese took over has been the restaurant business. Eating houses sprang up 1ike mushrooms everywhere as soon as the Colony began to adjust to Japanese rule and although the terrible rice shortage and the scant supply of other foods has been a continuing problem, most of the restaurants appear able to carry on. A fair percentage of the corporations and limited compa- e-controlled have evidently resumed business or been reorganized under the Japanese. The insurance companies are an example: in the spring of 1942 they formed —-— probably at the instance of the Japanese —- an insurance association, and toward the middle of June four of the association's members were re-opening; the Ta'i Ping, Sincere, Hong Min, and Wing On Insurance Companies. They were to deal in fire insurance to cover godowns, firms, fac- tories, houses, and furniture. An increase of $2.50 a thousand was state. to have been made in their rates. ¢c. Companies. nies which were originally Chines d. Factories. it to be the policy of th themselves to re-open) factories ma placed textile factories; those using metals would said. From their point of view, themselves, this program was a very logical one; for their troops but to supply the minimum requirements of the laboring popul tion employed on their various projects, as well as of technicians who were directing them. Textiles were necessary for clothing, any excess could be disposed of in bar the Colony had to be use dissipated in the manufactur be. The Japanese therefore pushed the re-opening of all types of food-manufa turing shops and plants. Hong Kong's bakeries were among the first of its fac tories to resume operations; plants processing cooking oils, etc., shortly fol lowed them. The cpening Or re-opening of factories to produce other necess ties for the Japanese Army, like soap and toilet articles, also proceeded at forced pace. r doors were the "Big Four," Sun Co., Sincere's, Wing *» Among the earliest to re-open thei On's, and the China Emporium. was to order an inventory of their stocks and force them to resume business. g ’ g g ul 4 1p " 4 Pp ’ y ’ arrives from Burma; 72,000 bottles of beer wer an article in the HONG KONG NEWS of May 25, 1942, stat : eWeries, ihe announcer alleged.** e Japanese authorities to allow the re-opening (or king foodstuffs; next in importance they be obliged to wait, they and given the situation in which they found they needed foodstuffs not only the Japanese managers a d ter; whatever metal was available in or iC d in the repair or building of ships, and could not | e of peace-time articles, however useful they might pears reasonable: One of the first acts of the Japanese military in Hong Kong - 65 = Another fact : erably greater a di of operations is unquestionably of consid Fonent Company Ns ce than appears on the surface is the Green I pin rovebly yo ay rs on January 1, 1943, to be in ian *¢ 60.000 tone, a re Army — with an indicated annual output of Se wt factory, with a large De flea British management which had built it Gir neht Adri arluted DE ete ea a 98 nanie to compete with the the years prior ese and shipped into Hong fsa) Thor 1t had been kept in OTL on i TL of Gofenss wares. Simpl Thin SEsLmgules of military fi operation of : ese shipping has now i wa a the Plont desisanies and from the reports na it seems almost Rroein that ! by the Japanese in the "Captured Territo i Dee Ant the BeLl a the cement produced is being used f ry, I ritish used it: the fortification of Hong Kong Of Sie Sue Japanese propa : ganda and news broadcast Hong Kon 's n i : . as 5 describing the i i " wit w i of tar a and heavy industries" are "regaining their rad Voth ie serve, dout re unquestionably exaggerated and should be a hcuivines ily eonetderon # fasLiOe 2p us sound caution requires that a, Be re hl roadcast —— of Octob - reports ctober 17, 1 I a continuous flow of raw materials from the South er hr yp es > h ong Kong, and approximately 500,000 pounds + Another typical re port, perhaps more i ; ast from Tokyo o © immediately credible, was that broad yo on December 3, 1942, claiming that the arrival of go Srey 16. 1V- eries from Mal 1 Sree m Malaya had made it possible for "a number of rubb : long to resume operations." " f rubber factories in Hong rubber, and it s 113 rubber Err Sear Ans 2d to assume that they would put the otherwise id erONS aie en Ot) e Colony to work processing it and turning out On af 1s ry articles of which it is the basic material ie of the 1S lhe basic material. It is known that Japan has now an over-supply of The review i w of this and othe i r availabl iden Hong Kong's f e evidence covering th ns ac i e res nt ou ° tories thus leads us to the one Rh in i - - willcCi ap- they are performin c he g acceptably the functions which the Jap- the New Territories sto ot pped only during the bri i i 1th the pa g the brief fighting on t : great ® ssage of the months after the surrender, it : iy Ie pelalend. a ¢reater importance. , achieved a greater and more of the trade from the i Si interior of Kw t hi followed : wangtung, which otherwi Ww coastal or inland waterways, and Hong Kong's Ls Save win markets Th : ay e scarcity of shipping made it the channel for more and ro ere largely fed by goods smuggled through it. e nly y i util iid p A i Pp 11 - a ’ n I tai t Qe re nearer e Ir a repor 8S 0 anoti er ty rt [ Hy 1th } f } e Ww C I OQ 4 ould lull us p 4 = i < - C i Ww 0 e Ww th sto WwW k 1 ea t i vv S Are I ‘ind thems 1 wi elves burdened with potentially the world's richest empire! * Ar : AS has been sugge er R= IgE sted, the writer believes these figures to b | “cy appear at first glance. RSW Tr e more nearly correct than - 85 - Trade by river vessels with Canton continued, as did that by steamer and junk with Macao, Kwangchowan, and points along the coast of southern Kwangtung. Communications by water with Swatow were infrequent; there is trade with Shanghai and the south, but the extent of neither is known, the infrequency of the vital- ly necessary rice shipments indicating that that with the south is either quite limited or strictly "rationed" by the ruling Japanese to serve other purposes than that of feeding their starving subject peoples. The restrictions on import and export trade by individuals or private firms evidently were in force in the late fall of '42, and probably still are. A radio intercept of a Japanese-controlled Hong Kong broadcast in October, 1942, relates that the merchants in the Colony had asked the Government to clarify the types of goods permitted to be exported and those which were prohibited; the Government had answered that the best system for the merchants to follow was to "state full particulars on goods available for export and seek the advice of the Hong Kong Trade Department." These regulations left the flow of trade completely under the control of the experts of the Trade Department, but —-- however much we or the Chinese mer- chants of Hong Kong would like to helieve to the contrary —— they did not cut it off completely, and official manipulation appears to have been successful in building up a large volume of what may be called "controlled exchange" in lieu of it. This altered form of trade takes place under a series of agreements which have been concluded between the Japanese economic authorities in Hong Kong and those similarly situated in other Japanese-controlled territories; they appear tc be essentially barter arrangements covering a limited number of essential items and operable over a limited period of time. Such agreements were concluded with Shanghai, Swatow, and Canton; that with the latter was described in a broadcast from Tokyo on December 16. The agreement had just been concluded the report said, between the representatives of Canton and Hong Kong; it would become effective on January 1, 1943, this arrangement, Tokyo said. the "traders of both cities may conduct direct transactions," i.e., "they could trade goods." from the other end of the Axis -- indicates that A report from Europe -- with the Japanese authorities in the Philippi: similar pact had been made Islands; it stated that Hong Kong had received first shipments of sugar, hemp, ment which provided that the Islands and industrial goods in exchange; balanc might be settled in cash. The report added that the Colony was negotiating similar agreement with Formosa, tea, vegetables, and industrial goods. it was planned to extend this barter sys with "Manchukuo, North, and Central China." were to receive cigarettes, medicaments * F. Finance. 1. Currency. Readers of the first section of this rT a. Hong Kong Notes. trocps had affected their landing on Hon port will recall that when Japanese and would be valid for three months. Under (early in December, 1942(?)) the and copra from the Philippines under an agre: es remaining from barter transactions whence Hong Kong would obtain coal, charcoal, A later Tokyo broadcast asserted that tem to cover Hong Kong's trade relations i oQ other agency that could do so was making payments in great hardships. |inese i evidently adopted from the Germans; it has been used in each of - OT =- Kong Island, and it was al ’ ready clear that th ero e defense ain - or an propaganda handbills over the city aliasing) Jeganese re ite oF oi Aisi i Japanese had taken the city all Hong Kon I Chinese began roartioe fin this warning had the effect a os 4 a er notes cr ; ” didi scarcity of th i : eating so shar artifici ior woe up what trade existed; notes hedfion og } beg 0 be accepted by Chinese shops, etc only at 2 ollar ’ ts a discount. When the ci io Roth Blin 00 the Japanese kept their promise, and until Januan s forbidden. 0 ons Kong notes of which the face value was PE as 0 ‘ n that day a notice was issued in the name of the a a 1 1 ommander- in-Chief of the Imperial Japanese Army in Hong Kong, which read: "The public is hereb i fi : , y notified that, i : 4 : f iri u . » 1D Spite a 3 4 eatin prohibiting circulation of Hong Kong an ois ly alue is more than $25, as a t , Of which tion of H A os emporary measure after t AARTA hi 0 oy is Imperial Japanese Majesty's Army ie _- public convenience, H el ons1d- above f : ; , Hong Kong dollar not f ih ins ee vie. $25, $50, $100, $500) are now SSraties ie e time being as well as those of not more than $10 vv A gs : Suspicious public noted that the larger notes were permitted B W nl e Cir for the time a 4 “re : : being;" the press article reporting the new order i culation 1€ hew in e e-controlled press x 41 T said also that th 1 lhe Japan- woh : e larger H xchanged for g long Kong notes "i ei g smaller ones, and not for military ye ™ SONI nly us rger notes were even less y yen. he result was that the acceptable than before; whi le the banks dq : fl 2AdllKS and any id of them), the fhe large Duss fu : : rap ; : c 2 g r noies { v/ ae e well-to-do Chinese who had hoarded considerable 4 I nsi able quanti- » of cas 4 . ~~ ~~ - * et or ds a Nn C u f > A 3 ur u Ed 5% AS: en bt could be exchanged at all, would not oni vi n sma notes: th 1 » WOUL n only at relati : ’ e larger notes could be cas] atively greater discounts, and very rarely even the Lsigadonsi , en. Neverthele latively er Hong Kong notes continued to be regarded by the Chinese a London ” ne cache of value: it was reported that the Ee bob J : : a 1 were amply back ich ELE for ii offices of the Hong Korg Shanghai Sy Co Yeas ‘A n no oo ali ld ACL 1il in ropora i 2 ~ Iseting ol them there. To destroy this confidence the ae. ie tes were of in Hong Kong to sign new issues in unkno Zpanese forced eS Ww SEUSS 1 known amounts: th rom the ohn gy totally unsupported, and could not be readily distingu Se il from the a valid Hong Kong notes. Their value was ol AER : par set by the Japane {14 i hus forced down £91 se milita F toin Hers #2 . one military yen th pe ary oi two Hone Kone doll , they were devalued in A o 1g AoHg Q0siars } Lilies to four to o ugust, 1942, by fiat of the auth H ne, and subsequent V n : 4 > uthor- he Colony. q ly were made worthless as legal tender in b. Militar edi read It 1s one of the oldest tenets of military science tl in Ys support itself insofar as possible on the territ iow is . In our time this is ; P ld ritories which : accomplished by a v : suance of mili ivs whi : y a very simple device: t tory for Saiyan Scrip which is "legal tender" only in the artic ® ihe fst / itis i hs : T a" 4 articular terri- 2% of the BORG Coir ibn Sspeds and which 1s not exchangeable even for the SRErer y of the issuing forces. The system is one which the J He i il Wil1l1Cl1l Lhe Jap- the areas - G8 - of China occupied by the Japanese, and was applied immediately upon their occupa- tion of Hong Kong. There they issued a form of military yen printed only on one side, and without serial number, on the cheapest paper, This currency was given a value of twice that of Hong Kong money, and its acceptance at that rate was forced upon the people of the Colony. The printing of this paper made the looting of Hong Kong '"legal;" those Japanese who disdained outright theft could always "pay" for what they took; and the Hong Kong money which they displace with this spurious currency they could hold over the currency market; from that time on to redeem Hong Kong cur- rency would only have been to provide the Japanese a further profit. 2. Banks. —— a. Withdrawals. With the occupation of Hong Kong, all banking es- tablishments closed their doors awaiting the instructions of the occupying forces. This circumstance, together with the devaluation of the larger Hong Kong notes and the hoarding of the smaller ones, caused a very tight currency situation. To relieve it, "in consideration of the livelihood of the people,” neutral nationals and "non-hostile" Chinese who had current or savings accounts sufficient to cover the amount in one of two named foreign banks or four named Chinese banks, were allowed to withdraw Hong Kong $50; these withdrawals were only possible for the three days from January 29 to 31.% Very few people took advantage of this first opportunity, probably because they suspected that the Japanese had some other motive. On February 6 a number of Chinese banks were authorized to permit withdraw- als of not more than Hong Kong $300 by individuals, and of amounts reckoned at Hong Kong $50 for each employee by firms which had secured the approval of the Economic Section of the Japanese Army to make such withdrawals for "office main- tenance."** Neither individuals or firms could withdraw Chinese currency. A further payment "to maintain their living conditions only" in amounts not exceeding $150 was permitted for a period of three days from March 18 to 20 in- clusive.*** Withdrawals of $200 were permitted from a Kowloon branch of a for- eign bank for a similar three day period.*¥**¥ A fairly liberal policy was followed in the opening of safe deposit boxes; a series of notificationsmade public the set times when persons having valuables in safe deposit at the various banks might withdraw them; ***** failure to appear at that time forfeited the contents of the box. It had to be opened before in- spectors from the Gendarmerie and the Financial Section, but complete withdraw- als stated to have been generally permitted, except of notes and currency of enemy counries.***¥*¥¥* Enemy nationals were not permitted to avail themselves of this privilege, although repatriated Americans were in most cases allowed access to their boxes before they left. * See enclosure No. 12, Order of the Commander-in-Chief, January 27, 1942. ** See enclosure No. 14, Japanese Army Economic Bureau Notice. »** See enclosure No. 27, Hong Kong Government, Notice No. 10, March 16, 1942. #x%* See enclosure No. 28, Hong Kong Government Notice No. 11, March 22, 1942. »*%*% See, for example, enclosure No. 39, Hong Kong Government Public Notification No. 13, April 7, 1942. **%%%*% (Gold bars and coins were retained. - 69 =~ ” : : Ja yall Di a cass Bor, the American Express Company, and the Hong Kong Sneha al ation =—-— > ii Wildl) vip: Pp as enemy banks, and stated that they were to be liquidat- r L € Although the preliminary steps looking to this liquidation had beer y the Economic and Finance Sections of the Civil Adtieistration Departn the Japanese Army, and a check on outstanding accounts had Been be isin tual liquidation was finally turned over to officers of the Rat of Tato the Yokohama Specie Bank, several of whom had evidently been prought te tote E or that purpose. The foreign staffs of the banks were not interhed, : pt under guard in a Chinese hotel in down-town Hong Kong eine os 1d from work every day by armed gendarmes. They gy various interim payments which were made to depositors Hy ; of the banks being liquidated opened for a period of tO W Lients, including enemy nationals, to file with the fiouidato eir claims against each bank.** In the casting of Accounts both 1 banks were discovered to be highly liquid, whereas tho assets e other banks were described as being advances against Yocal sh Ss 0 S a d to large local concerns which no longer existed. Although the manage he American banks sought to have the accounts of each bank Stila Ee that they might make as high a payment as possible against ol Tee is he Japanese military authorities decided to create a Tiquidhtion 3 ke as high a percentage payment out of that” pool as sould lk ; ie total sum available from all the banks together. This = june 15, the banks being liquidated paid all accounts up to H.K. hose of the Americans being repatriated, plus a dividend of 1ining amount. *** On June 16**** it was announced that the four large pro-Chungking is Kong were also to be liquidated: the Central Bank of Ching nk, the Bank of Canton, and the Manufacturers Bank of China Financial Section issued a statement**** explainin mes i said, inter alia: P o 11Ng N18 aciion, NS a : ‘ Based on the decided policy of Nippon, stern measures ave been taken against these banks, which should not have bee mitted to continue to operate here. However, these pro-Chungking ee Enclosure No. 38, Hong Kong Government Public Notice No. ~ee Enclosures No. 41 and 42, notices of the liquidators, 13 lms against the listed banks to file them between the m. +} Lil " Sse Enclosures No. 65 and 66, notices published May 14, »000 of all deposit liabilities in addition to current and 87 and 88 of June 12, 1942, stating that the undermentioned banis would 't liquidation dividend of all Hong Kong dollar deposit liabilities #»n the $500 under the notice of May 14 could do so now, the tvidend lance. ** HONG KONG NEWS, June 16, 1942. - TO - . -T] = banks were permitted to operate after the war because of the serious state of the livelihood of the people then Now that peaceful conditions have been restored ... it is thought that appropriate ac- tion should also be taken against the pro-Chungking banks which are known for their enemy activities before the war." The liquidation of these four banks was carried out on the same basis as that for other enemy banks, except that recent depositors were fully protected. The refunding of up to 20% of the outstanding amounts in these banks is reported to have been begun on October 22. A DOMEI radio report of December 11, 1942, broadcast from Tokyo, states that the Governor of Hong Kong had announced the suspension, as of December 31, of further payments on the various deposits in the sixteen enemy banks in Hong Kong. Deposit payments were described as having been almost completed; but whether they were or not, this action ends the liquidation. c. Chinese. When the Japanese military took over Hong Kong, the Economic Bureau (or Section) of the Japanese Army counted the cash in the tills of some 22 Chinese banks, checked their accounts, and then issued a notice* "permitting" them to reopen, but limiting their withdrawals to H.K.$300 per account per month on pre-December 25th balances.** New accounts could be opened without restric- tions on withdrawals. These banks were not permitted to make loans, and as there was no bank-financed import or export trade, their business was limited to receiving and paying deposits. d. Japanese. Branches of the leading Japanese banks, closed on the out- break of the Pacific War, were re-opened in Hong Kong with its capture by the Japanese. The Yokohama Specie Bank and the Bank of Taiwan appeared during the pericd under review to b& taking over, with the experts attached to the Finance Section of the Governor's Office, the direction of what remained of Hong Kong's financial life. e. Associations. There were not lacking the familiar organizations through which such direction could be clothed in a similitude of spontaneity: a revived Chinese Bankers Association met on April 3 to elect the Japanophile LAU Tit- shing as their new Chairman and LI Tse-fong as Vice Chairman; the new executive committee was to consist of five members. Another association -- and one which has no parallel in pre-war Hong Kong -— was a Chinese Bank and Money Changers Co-Operative Association, the purpose of which was said to be to improve relations between the banks and the money changers, so that full co-operation could be afforded the Government. f. Gold and Silver Exchange. A report in the HONG KONG NEWS of February 20, 1942 stated that "the authorities took a further step to stabilize the finan- cial and economic position of Hong Kong yesterday, when a new Gold and Silver Exchange was officially opened at 14 Mercer Street." The function was attended by Colonel Ikemoto, Director of the Economic Section, and he instructed the * February 6, 1942, see enclosure No. 14, Japanese Army Economic Bureau Notice. ** Statement of Donald L. Ballantyne, Manager, Chase Bank, Hong Kong. | representatives of the 42 money exchange establishments, whose opening had been authorized by the Japanese and whose managers formed the membership of the Ex- ® change, in the way they were expected to go. He told them that the main func- ® tions of the Exchange would be to stop speculation and to prevent any disparity in the premium demanded by money-changers for the exchange of money by allowing only cash business and fixing the rates daily. The now familiar TUNG Chung-wei | appointed Chairman of the Exchange, thanked the Colonel for his instructions. 1 rr ag RE 4 g- Remittances. One of the major problems of the Chinese business and banking groups in Hong Kong was that of the remittances which normally would be sent back through Hong Kong to China by Chinese in the south, and by Hong Kong fl Chinese to their own family villages. Various suggested solutions were mooted Be a broadcast on December 30, 1942 from Tokyo indicates that an arrangement § was finally completed: according to it, iemittances will be restricted to the § sum of 100 yen monthly for each family for the time being. Remittances should | be made through the Japanese banks alone, with an exchange rate (fixed at par) ji between he yen currency and the military script in the Japanese occupied ¢ regions. G. Transport and Communications. 1. Intra-urban Transport. i a. Tramways. A Communications Department* was set up under the pf Civil Administration Department of the Japanese Army early in January to take f charge of all matters effecting transport and communications. Assisted by a b group of civilian experts and technicians who appear to have been exceptionally competent, it turned its attention first to the problem of intra-urban trans- p port, the first press reference to its activities being in the form of a report f appearing in the HONG KONG NEWS of January 13, 1942, to the effect that the fauthorities were understood to be taking steps to resume the tramway service as f soon as possible. The line running from Causeway Bay to the Western Market was resumed on Jan- juary 27, with 16 cars operating at 2} minute intervals. The fare was 8 Hong Kong cents first class and 4 cents second. Necessary repairs to the wires in that area having been made, the Happy Valley Route was opened on February 10; With the resumption of the line from North Point to Shaukiwan Market and later to the terminus, the tram lines in Hong Kong were stated to have been completely restored. ** By March 15, 60 cars were said to be in service (as against 111 run- ining prior to the Pacific war); on that day the Japanese authorities raised the itram fares to 15 sen (then H.K.$.30) for first class and 10 sen (H.K.$.20) for second class. The Rehabilitation Advisory Committee presented a petition to the Communications Department asking that these fares be reduced, since at that price many of the poorer classes would no longer be able to use trams. This request was rejected by the Committee, which indicated that the fares had been deliberately faised with just that fact in mind; they wanted to cut down on the use of the trams to ‘avoid overcrowding.*** The subsequent further devaluation of the Hong * or Section: the name in Japanese being Sx we oi ‘which the Chinese read as Chiao lung Pu and the Japanese as Kotsubu; it means, literally, "Board of Communication." ** The HONG KONG PRESS of February 11 stated that, with 50 cars running, the number of per- PONS using the cars daily was a maximum of 63,710, minimum 59,361; receipts were Yen 3,502 lax. and 3,129 min. -T0 a. Kong dollar in terms of Yen of course again doubled this fare in Hong Kong the only other change was the institution of trams for goods portage -—- money; etc. —— every half hour between 6:30 a.m. and 10:30 for the carrying of fish, a.m.* b. Bus services. On January o5 the Communications Department opened four bus routes on Hong Kong Island, eleven of the buses formerly used having been placed back into operation, while five more were being repaired. The lines and stopping places were to be the same as before, but the fares charged were to be according to sections or districts: the lowest fare was 5 sen (H.K.$.10). The service was reported to have been well patronized.** There were many complaints of congestion on the buses, of the crowding at the stops, indicating that the Japanese were unable to bring in replacements for the buses destroyed during the Tighting, *** c. Ferry service. A ferry service of sorts had been in operation since about January 10, when repatriates or persons with essential business in Kowloon were permitted to cross for charges ranging up to H.K.$1.00 apiece on very crowd- The traffic was then all one way, people who were taken across not ed ferries. On January 19, perhaps somewhat prematurely, the being permitted to return. press announced the resumption far addi the British regime. Several of the ferry boats had been scuttled and others badly damaged, that this early resumption of the service represented a considerable achieve- ment: but more surprising was the successful salvaging of three of the larg: vziicular ferries, all of which had been scuttled prior to the surrender. The service was resumed in June; the ferry boats to Cheung Chau had begun running again in May. Thus all the basic cross-water transport services were resumed although all at higher rates and on reduced schedules. d. Peak Tram. e Peak Tram was remarkable. Oo + and severa ak on Hong Kong Island —- was destroyed, the cable was broken, the control houses at different levels on the way up were badly damaged; *** las) r ec of other high-ranking Japanese officials were taken to the Peak on it. regular runs at for Yen 5.00, which made the Hong Kong price 50 cents (later $1.00) per trig as against ten cents before the war. * This from using the regular trams. ** HONG KONG NEWS, January 26, 1942. *** Tt was also suggested that some of the bus engines were being used to power wooden ves: sels being built under Hong Kong's shipbuilding program. See below, SHIPPING. x*** The writer was lying in a ditch about 20 feet away when the May Road level control t was wrecked by shell fire. ***** HONG KONG NEWS, June 6, 1942. by several reliable Chinese and foreign informants. The report of the resumption of the tram is corroborat of regular service every twenty minutes, the e being 10 sen first class and 5 sen second -- twice what it had been under If the salvaging of ferry boats was surprising, the repai During the fighting the Peak Station of the , — a cable car operating at a steep gradient up the side of the central and yet by June 5***** it had been completely repaired, and the Governor and They began thirty minute intervals on June 25; twenty one-way tickets sold s service was begun to keep hawkers, etc., carrying fish or other objectionable article - 73 - ; wna Pritats Be During the hostilities prior to Hong Kong's fall, the Col ernmen ook over, for the legitimate l go! Tr, purposes of defense, al privately owned automobiles in the Colony. In the widespread looting he city mire Tie Jonanass military authorities sent out squads to take posses sion avallable cars; in some instances the . S T'S; y even undertook small r i in order to get the machines under wa Paty y. As has been recounted vere shipped out of the Colony, presumably to Japan. No ine mus or you fe HONG KONG NEWS of January 21 printed an advice to all those whose we : en commandeered by the British Government to register their names 1 securing a return of the car There were few i W ‘ V v registrations. O Se the "Hong Kong Government" published "Notice No. 12" instructing ail oa a in possession of motor cars and wishing to use them to apply to the ban omni cations Department before fpril 14; application forms for the pur poss ye noiashls at the Section; applications made after the set date would bs nvaliy The information available indicates that there were few registra- tions, i uy account in part for the fact that most of the relatively small number Of autos in use in Ho / n by t 111i : it ii ng Kong now are run by the military authorities f. Other Vehicles. A public notification dated March 25*** stated t i order to increase communication facilities, maintain the scenic a, he Hy: Soa the roads in good condition and to avoid transport as ov S 0 orse carriages, bicycles, and man power cars are required to a iy for permission to continue to use them." The reason for requiring regist oe ; became clear later, when it was announced that they would all Sores: re jie charges for which would be Yen 25 for horse-drawn or reroll on re: Se 60 for motorcycles; and Yen 9 for bicycles. There were the usual ii 2fier which applications would not be accepted. After the middle of Ma Hsin announced specifically that rickshaws and chairs would have to regist y iy licensed, the fee for a rickshaw being Yen 20 a year (H.K.$40 hr la es aie Yen B, ®ax% Later, "to avoid useless quarrels about fares" a Soria : ate for rickshaws was established, the prices being much hi Heat a oy usually charged or which most Chinese could afford to pay ry ss 2. Extra urban Transport. a. Canton-Kowloon Railroad In the fir | £ d. st days of the fighting be- en the British and Japanese forces in the New Territories. Rago w >ee Enclosure No. 29. wome are run by doctors and other "essential civilians". Besides the permit. a license _Regessary, for which the fee was Yen 60 a year (the H.K.$120) as against the ii ve of H.K.$10.00. VU) as against the old charge See enclosure No. 30, Public Notification of the Hong Kong Government * The Japanese must have known well enough that very few pLuualiay puliers or chair bear could raise, especially in the short time given them, the sums demanded: ee iw ee tions evidently were directed at reducing the number of riokeiane an ChRtrs EO of work would come within the purview of other regulations i Sod iret "ithout regular employment to return to China. : rae Ss ** Also evidently aimed at eliminating the rickshaws, these price ceilings were probably gS were probabl y Simply disregarded. oT been set earlier along of the track, several t one long tunnel. On December 30 the Ishihara began the task of repairing k was completed except for the clearing of one and on that day a party of Chinese journalists was taken for a tour of the line.* covered their retreat by discharging the mines which had the Canton-Kowloon Railway, destroying large sections bridges, and completely blocking at leas Railway Corps under the command of Major the road. By January 30 the wor long tunnel between Kowloon-tong and Shatin, A much more impressive and formal ceremony was held on March 24, when the Governor officially received Major Ishihara's report of his success in clearing the entire line as far as Lowu. His Excellency addressed the gathering at Kow- loon Station, thanking the Major; the completion of the railway would, he said, assist the reconstruction of Hong Kong and would help the completion of the Greater East Asia War; "Hong Kong depends upon the great ocean for it sactivi- ties, but the completion of the Kowloon-Canton Railway, connecting the conti- nent with the great ocean, will have great importance from now onwards." When the speech-making was done, the Governor travelled up and back on the reopened line. ** From March 25 six trains were run daily; the line immediately became an im portant thoroughfare in the movement of repatriates back to their villages in China. In the week ending May 18, for instance —— when the heaviest part of the repatriation movement was already past —— 8,286 persons left Kowloon Station on the trains and 4,428 persons returned to the Station on them: some 3,758 per- sons had evidently gone into China in the course of the week by that one route alone. On June 24 a regular "repatriation train" was scheduled: it left Kow- loon Station every afternoon at 3:00 p.m. Considerable quantities of market produce from the New Territories and the near-by areas of Kwantung Province were also brought in on the trains. As we have seen, the Japanese were SO well aware first knowledge most Hong Kong residents had of the out-break of the Pacific War came when they saw the aerodrome being attacked at 8:00 a.m. on the morning of December 8. Almost immediately after the fall of Hong Kong the Japanese repaired the field and put it into operation, and there were soon rumors of their plans to considerably enlarge it. The first announcement of the scheme was made on June 6, when a "canned" release said in comment: b. Kaitak Aerodrome. of the importance of Kaitak that the or years as an important seaport, and unications it will undoubtedly be- both by sea "Hong Kong has been known f now with the development of air comm come a vital link with Nippon and the Southern Regions, and air." To anticipate any possible resistance to the plan on the part of Chinese land-owners in the areas affected, the Japanese authorities secured the forma- tion of an "Association for the Assistance of the Authorities in the Enlargement of Kai Tak Airport" with a membership comprising the important land-owners and residents of the area. It was charged with determining the number of houses I * HONG KONG NEWS, January 30, 1942. »» HONG KONG NEWS, March 25, 1942. -T75 - the zone and collecting other nec “rai : essary data. This st ; spicuous item step. and fre i the a. omg wi the press, prepared the public for the extent hens if Epcon. reau was instructed to lend every facility to en Phand 1 ny i ected, rty factories and numerou i ] S S private families \ re displaced w i 83 Would ‘have to wove; Ww ides ou be given plots of uncultivated land in Tsun te llages aed ing Muucer of these at 20,000, while it was believed ho 0 et iy rs i ove. An indication of the length of time the St o (p o take e rebuilding of the aerod i Danese e subject in vii odrome was given in i J the HONG KONG NEWS of June 26, which said that p20 aviels 3a ing 0 » Northwest of ; re re of ae present field would have to move by August 10, while t Si , and East would be given until December 31 \942 gg tt * JUL. 3. Communications. a. Wire Ws os. Ne. 2¢ ni A Cable and Wireless Office was opened at the Mari , Queen's Road Central, on February 1. A Naring the y 1. Mr. Ohtsubo, evidently ~ he d 0 ¥ i Offi e st - t ed i n Tr a C t bl : sh Ad - I th HC NG KONG “ a ’ hdr C ’ a a Pp eSS C oun pu i e “ e “ANAT WL NS of January 3 i or 30 yun for the time being it would only be possible to send ee Je dopa i to Canton; this restriction was due, he sald, ¢ damage which had been done to the equipment and eR OHnaE iy AL itish just prior prior to their surrender. Only two small wireless sets were at hat time availab i able for the traffic. The office would be open from 9 a.m. to p.m.; messages j , i g of greeting or corsolation would not be accepted, and the 4 On le take t fd rate for seeds weighing 100 grams or less is one sen. | i | § | i Ch - 78 -~ ’ U; and the SHIROGANE was diverted the KAINAN MARU and the KAIJU MAR 19 with two vessels, the other An the TUN == which was resumed on January to the Macao run, being the TEMPO MARU. sferred to the Hong Kong-Kwangchowan run, which The HONG KONG NEWS of Febru- n by three ships: the KAISYU Later the SHIROGANE was tran was re-—commenced February 9 with a noon sailing. ary 7 described the Canton run as being served the (KAIJU?) MARU, the NANKAI MARU, and the UNYO MARU. The tonnage of these vessels is not known, but it is unlikely that they are any more than small river steam- ers similar or identical with those that have been on the Pearl River for years. A test run by a coastal vessel between Shanghai and Hong Kong was made on February 10 with no passengers to determine whether it would be feasible to open a regular line between the two ports. By late August of 1942 no such line had as yet been established, however, and it is believed that there is even noi no scheduled run connecting the two ports, although irregular sailings are made, the ships stopping each night, blacked out, to escape submarines. There were sailings on the 11th, the 12th, 16th, and 21st of February fro Hong Kong to Chiuchow and Swatow, but steamers seem to have been taken off of this line in March, this circumstance being strongly indicated by the beginning of the overland treks by Swatow repatriates, as well as by the fact that Chinese informants appear unaware of the existence of such a line. The HONG KONG NEWS of February 18 reports that t traffic with Macao, there being ships ternate day, returning on the next day, service was maintained, a ship leaving each for morning. Supplying shipping for repatriates, announced sailings for Shi Kiu on March 2, 5, 6 and 10; for Kongmoon on March 4 and 8; On the same day a schedule of uniform f tion was suspended. **¥ These rates were later some representative, although they do not of course cover al of passengers. and 8: for Tongkawan on March 4 complete control of shipping in anc ing between the island and near-by ne of the former shipping offices, coastal ports, which handled vessels ply but under Jap this Company, pelieved to have employed the set-up of o ese officals of the Repatriation Bureau. ** HONG KONG NEWS, March 1, 1942. Canton —— Special class, Yen 16; Macao —— Special class, Yen 10; **% The advertised rates were: first class, Yen 12; sec class, Yen 7; third class, Yen 4. second class, Yen 4; third class, Yen es. Other ships H.K.$20 all classes. Kongmoon -- Yen 6.50. 3. Kwongchowwan -—- Shirogane Maru, H.K.$30 all cla Tongkawan —- Yen 3. Swatow —— Yen 6. Taiping —— Yen 2. Children under 12 years of age half price in cases; except for Macao, two photos to b March 2, 1942. ge produced in purchasing ticket. here was a three-cornered leaving Hong Kong for that port every al- while between Canton and Macao a daily the other at 10:00 a.m. every the "Inland Transportation Company” and for Taiping on March 2 and B.* ares was set up, and rate-free repatria- what modified, but are fairly 1 the outlays required 1 out of Hong Kon first class, Yen?7 Shi Kui —— 3 —— HONG KONG NEWS. -T9 ~ b. Junk Traffic. Hostiliti Hi lralllo. ostilities drove th that normall : e fleet of Chine ishi ; Were ay {he waters around Hong Kong off ax ign h sun ion of the Japanese N many of junks even after th avy, which forbade an e in tar ms ig ns Coton Then permission was von pai with Macao grew up ro was slightly relaxed, and a clandestine arin, SH IAAL : or repatriates and t : ® 16 markets" in Hon : 0 supply th win "A ag Badin with foodstuffs and drugs. As So ari ro ; di use of Sure Rayan, 3 shipping tended to grow a d LID ; ou h 0 . , : 4 Al ; 7 Were Sill available. ** gh only a fraction of those in use before the On or about th y 1uhitoRt OF o Ey of December, 1942, the Japanese announced the estab oi tio og Yostel rainy Comonyen. HOngEdis Go garry oy Feats Live fleet of 108 re mainland of China. The company Beaibiy 4 > Of a sizes which i 1 W sta short voyages, but i 7 ch it planned to use not onl; to have been oa £3 SDT is long coastwise trips. This project ay x There Wore aa Sesouey in August in a shipping conference in or Sol tc release Sis ne he use of wooden ships for food shipments oli ng Long. eams ons SI ment from hina couslivise Araffic I en military transports -- and the oP 11 6 [=] CA we ’ u in he obli : : vad 1 f a regardless of size, g gatory registration of all wooden vessels 2. Salvage. Before the surrend . scut he ahi : . nder of Hong Kon ’ tl} 11] Hh 332 tled the shipping then in the harbor, but nearly 1 my as RMoT ties I AL = not actually : pray aged by the ver ici d 1 : 4 efficient w : Japanese shortly a y nt crews brough by wr 38s rtly after the surrender. Several of the smaller shi ght i by the Vill v success : . . . . wc Cc S an aun V a oro Bites Bl Ja raising immediately; they were still Ee Iponmnes ne, . io 4 visa n othe coreg, Bat ihe ee Ti A ship is believed to have been APS hg emselves claimed t n up f oth : . 0 hav f others and to have them in service.*** e refloated several of the 3. New Construction. a Ships a. Ships on the Way J i LE los, op. th ays. Two freighters of 10,000 tons we 1 ng 1n December, 1942, according ne a D2 oremeer. ’ ing to DOMEI broadcasts from Tokyo and oth m all O1ll eT, ut ioe ars announced to have been vessels already in the co Tr i tan \ i 1e urs Stele 2 4Be Sitanass took over the Hong Kong yards Later WA - her mer other launchings of i085, ond i le I ue g steel ships, and it seems unlike- b. Wooder en Cargo Boats. In a DOMEI broadcast from Tokyo on January 19 1943, Governor i i ing day to NC: py 1s reported to have given a press interview on tl Le iong Kong newspaper men in which he spoke of 157 ON Lhe presen. h he com- A Se ( hin IE - i n th tr C tio Of e P t a I ; w e recon } | | S u Il th ca ure Ci Lory “Ul { g year. mon i ildi year Among these was shipbuilding, of which he said: y about May 15 th i V May 15 the scarcity was very marked; whether that was €xtent to which shippi Ss = $e the ** In 19353 py pping to the "Southern Regions" had revived is not known Lima , wher h i f BRR Wii ae the total population of Hong Kong was 922,643 (comparabl is t oe ia x ' © (Comparable 10 / repatriation) there were estimated to be 100,000 pe ),000 persons livi 18, 1942 (H.K (Annual Repo Tees ob dat p Et on Social and Economic Progress, for 1933): on May il dale ere wer : : , on May il ) 3 e were only 2,700 junk dwellers who were receiving ri $3 e 1 J 'elving rice ra ns e ships were reported Salvaged in January, 1943 v0 - 81 - G0 = » ihe Ads posits were demanded: Yen 25 for family residences, Yen 50 for banks and busi- which Paes Sof esses, Yen 100 (and up) for factories, the charge for the water itself being Already the I1rs 4 ihe 15 sen per 100 gallons. The gravest warnings continued to be issued to those great speed towar ¢ who did not register their meters. "The increase in production of vessels vance of the war is progressing smoothly. a been attained. We are now Dr w next step, and building goes on di ily. Several "deadlines" were set and disregarded. Those who had meters evident— vy continued tc get water, and were charged for it if the Water Department could catch up with them: those without meters were asked not to apply, since there were no extra ones to be had For the benefit of the largest percentage of the population, housed in dwellings without running water, the Japanese opened eighty public fountains on the Hong Kong side and forty on the Kowloon. "The Government General of Hong Kong will be Ae Japan as much as is pdssible in material an £1 ina gr to make use of local material and manpower to proce a > po An And, in the future, we hope to depend on the va Ry regions for their aid in raw materials. » C n in : ] g g Ss a cen ral distribution point or 1 as mu as possibl e " ve Pho S | ilities the I t to es ablis n on a t wi Da a nm h | faciliti - of h Po t h Ho K C for the Southern Areas. as said because of tl 1 PI y the f iu] of hich } 1ts and electricity was icity Section of the Civil ; : 2 Responsibility for Hong Kong's 1ligl 1s had formerly depended upon gteel Jmpopied turned over shortly dtr vg Farrer to - Rleute : » ull . i UL ards itv Sphere" and which was not now ministration of the A hi } & Sout: with of le Sie aia . de the "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity op tc be independent of Administration o € Army, which bustled about with characteristic energy and 1C Lh "ow : a] i i 3 1 $33 Pion OU13iae the "Government General of Hong Kong jd 0 + The Governor's J self-importance to serve the Emperor by repairing the wiring that had been torn : atir ild steel ships. c f out in the course of the hostilities This task was regarded a leted i not continue to bul for their aid i out s task was regarde s completed in a " southern regions 1or : Apri Ww ; ; { Taino in t Ww ni ; ference to his future dependence on "various e che Philippines and pril, hen it became possible for Shatin and Taipo in the Ne Territories to releren iat” would appear to point to the mahogany of 1h ve electric lights. raw materials” Ww : ttdinz. the teak of Thailand and Burma, both excellent for shipbuilding e The large Hong Kong shipy available; if mainland Japan, it could ; oi ‘ ; oa Anis 05 +h CRONE NEW t dertake the construction of wooden vessels was BB LL ET TI SE ROA Ki sir a A 0 undel og : trol val ld / V 1gnt Nn 1 n A shipbuilding company ? 1942 under the direct con late fall of i in +1 erefor at the P. * L134 1inimum charee was : Pine. Governor = OF! co. The core for laying the keel of the first ship for the is ar ” AR a a ohare re to be 26 Seh per unit . 1 f 1 or 1S ) : 2 ; ? re Tar te ‘ine in ov per The vessels to be built were § bap of electricity, and every shop or business premise had to metime 1 over ‘ : : ate umably sometime 1n ves held later, pres + gal £7 & ! Earaid ; - _ : ols 200 conpodities for ro- POS uinay ey) rm pt need. Pov SS Eidancys charg F407 Ww RE C { I num : 1 oUlps a 1 . a to be employed in "the Sransporiayian h as crude oil, lumber, rice." An un- bulb over fi plot Bh 85 for sacs Gi : ions, such a ’ ’ i bul ve. tion in the southern reglons, . " _.- were com- COngLiRcE.ON 1 «of these "transport ships" —-— "tonnage not given t statements i i numper a ; S oe 2 3 ha specified numb December 8 and 16, according to subsequen e kos These charges were immediately protested by the Chinese, most of whom used pleted at Hong Rong or ots ing reports of the launching of large numbe h there were recurrin By March 1943 profusion i 1i - a tores and ho ses. On F } , = t fice announced a reduction in the rate of deposit by bulbs, and let it be - AYWY wn that the matter was one which could be the subject of discussion in special Puiic Utilities. ses, ** but the Chinese continued slow to register. In March the Electric a Uffice undertook an investigation to determine why so few people used eletric ervoirs that provide the city's fj 11ehts ~— the darkness contributed, it felt, 10 the difficulty encountered by appeared obviously careful not to destroy the ds ter tioply Wag Cub off — le Gendarme Police in Keeping order. This Uivestipntiod” say hace Reiced: to ly. ii ) RS We i } Apri it wa i **¥ ) Ww in rater Be mene HE —— in some sections of the cily pril 18 it was estimated that a total of 100,000 bulbs were then in use. iv because of broken malns O i Uso | during : eer fue soonaiion, Ih feren: LHR, hover c BF 3. Gas. Applications for gas could be made at the Gloucester Building i during the early part o on wd tion Department and composed of Japanese 1100 aPrs poops : 2 : : st the Gloucester % De Re Ts gi : : wad supply. On January 20 it bdo ice © © Hong Rong Gas Company, under the Public Works Department Ww t in charge of the (olony V engineers, was pu Aa ¥ - . g a g . wv y ; y oy a Ae vw v PP y 1 ir i Kong the Japanese 1. Water Supply. In bombing and shelling Hong g n i " Peninsula and Oriental S. S. Co., the great British steamship line to the Far East "* A typical opening for bribery -—— the large department stores had to be given spe luctions or they would not have been able to open at all straight Yen 5.00 (H.K. °r bulb rate; a suitable arrangement was made —- but, rumor has i tion paid to the right party. * In the HONG KONG NEWS of that date. The figure given, - ge bulb for every 10 residents, is still unquestionably too h ig ed in completing the two steel ships referred for those use voted to the repair work for which the Hong Kong doc: r ~ (evo | o "sizeable * The materials on hand, excepl earlier, are believed to have been i 5 . * . ov EE me there were many smaller ones originally given ‘2 ’ 1g ular shipyards, 1 : It Zesides jlong Hong's replay il raft, yachts, etc.; the industry was a highly dev re craft, yachis, eic., nverted to the purpose of the Japanese. *¥ or 54. to the construction of wooden pleas: oped one, and could easily have been CO 2, ( | i i a - 82 = Charges were Yen 6.66 for 1,000 cubic feet, with an initial deposit of Yen 15 for each separate piping point. These charges too, like those for water and electricity, were relatively much higher than they had been prior to the war; at the ordinary rate of consumption, the average family in Hong Kong would pay —— according to a Chinese who lived for some months under the occupation —- as much as H.K. $80.00 a month just for cooking gas alone. J. Public Health. Bodies rotted in the hills, poisoning the making the air he 1. The Dangers of Plague. sources of water; bodies rotted in narrow lanes and back alleys, heavy with their stench. In many of the places served by modern drainage flow of water had been cut off; for the largest part of the population, which had never had the use of toilets, the system of night-soil collection had col- lapsed, leaving their tenements and shanties crowded with overflowing pails of excrement. It may have eased this situation somewhat that there should have been so little food and practically n firewood to cook it, with, but those lack did not make it any more healthful. And for those who got sick no medical ai was forthcoming; the numerous doctors who had practised in the populous distric or of the city had taken in their shingles and disappeared. 2. Prevention. Anti Cholera Bureau. The dangers inherent in these condition a. as well as to many Chinese. Ad- were apparent to the Japanese administrators, dressing the Chiefs of the several | ary 4, Sometani, the Chief of the Hong Kong Bureau of the Civil Administration Department, said, "Health is more important than money or rice," and urged that the primary concern of everyone should be a clean city,* The Central District Bureau (under Peter Sin) formed a Sanitary Section, and its head, a Chines pleaded with the people of his area to cease dumping excrement into the street but the people had no recourse, and conditions grew worse rather than bett u ~-s wn << The first concrete step to head-off the plague was the opening on Februar] t of the Civil Admin- 23 of the Anti-Epidemic Bureau under the Medical Departmen istration Department. In this Bureau the Japanese had gathered 133 doctors of medicine at the head of a large staff organized int gation, Prevention, and Examination. Numerous small squads were despatched through assigned areas of Hong Kong a and small-pox injections and inoculations to everyone who could not prove having nad such treatment within the last three months. Every person treated was give a small white slip with the date on it. For six weeks these squads circulate through the city, inoculating people as they got on buses, as they entered th Kowloon ferry, or when they made any of the countless applications or report that were required of them. The press and other propaganda channels urged wome not to run from the doctors.** It wa vas made a punishable crime to hire anothe person to take your inoculations for you; in one such case both the offender ab ——————— ————— * HONG KONG NEWS, February 6, 1942. ** The women had learned the need for flight them. the hard way, and it took months to un KE RP nN p Chinese-staffed) District Bureaus on Febru- 1 o three divisions: Investil-jg tae nd Kowloon, to give anti-cholera, typhus - 83 - his stooge were made t 3 0 kneel with plac ; ards ar 18] days on a downtown street corner. ound their necus for severul streets; the public was appealed in ye PP to to phone in at once the location of such ; ‘ : : n this first drive the Japanese claimed to have inoculated 1,030,000 | persons; whether this figure is true or not, the best patent of the success of 0 their ef i ets rims the fact that, although there were many deaths of cholera d ne aait hue plague, there was no such sweeping epidemic as the di i and insanitation in which the populace was forced to live mj 1g § have been expected to produce. . 1 t : ] : 1 2 : ] : i be ] : T f f f fl inoculation w n were set up, 14 in Hong Kong, 8 in Kowloon, one at Tsimshatsui, and ’ e lips, w ir Lpy, Mists Eclat the Street by the same squads that had been emploved To a rT on in the drive, house to house visits were made ot i ue warned not to open their doors to any but fully identified reser of the Bureau's staff. At tl am yan me Sone 00 217s Yohes for health were announced and widely publicized: ld food or ice cream; (2) eat no food that flies or cockroaches night have touched; i ps uched; (3) summon aid for diarrhea or vomiting; (4) eat regularly don't cat /h i i n catch cold while sleeping; (5) kill all flies and cockroaches. * Bb. : : Fly Eradication Week. The drive against flies - they had begun t 1 0 } swarm all on ¥ | citeted er ie 3S10a1 - was begun even before the Anti-Epidemic Bureau had lesignated FL go ions, the days from February 14 to 20 inclusive having been A y Eradication Week." Conducted by the various District Serine 1 1 W as accompa i Vy ¢ = ” Jv y for 2 taels of dead flies collect ec ted. It was ai + in on 1s of flies were brought in. said that in one Bureau alone 1,500 C. ansi 3 ve 5% 2 lene Emig But flies and other insects continued to breed in i es U4 al grew worse daily and it becam te rect anor ecame obvious that a m Po apDroam: 1 the problem was necessary. On March 11 the Wanchai et : 38, Buhing har slaeis from the Commander-in-Chief of the Naval Expedition ce whi e at area of the Island, issued a Ai Pw d resi : : , an order that "all sh Siidenis of Jrvals homes must daily clean all parts of their premises Ses ps open they must likewise take every precaution for the purpose of « 2 ow oo. ST fe { 0 \ OM NE o une 1 1942 . Su S q tl HO G KO G eo J 11 € ’ 42 i H al th Cw rarimen 18sued 4 v ~ g -0 “+ - 4 CRRA AD qulrl m t oS ed instructions to restaurants containin a 1s5t 0 j n Y cti nes eq o 2 2 L 0 » I 1 ng, ond Vv y b C ’ ol ! ~ A h 1S i . a POI tion of the foods sold must be reserved 101 examination by officials 01 the Hen th D TS tm t "th 1 t b t t t tch 4 or "th t ff th u uy : x " oy epar nen ere mus e a sreclal con rap i0n 0 catich tf les ne stat of ne - len mus was elr ands wi isinfectan ’ ney US unde! C nys ‘ v ‘Wice a month." (See enclosure No. 94 for the complete text.) -' Bl - Places which do not give satisfaction will be segregated for preventing all ingress and egress." Bureau inspec- tors would undertake to see that the following instructions were carried out: (1) ground floor occupants must clean their door steps; (2) upper floor occu- pants must clean the staircases; (3) topfloor occupants must clean the roofs; (4) those who have water-closets must see that they are not blocked with filth .* public health one week with barbed-wire, This was followed several days later by a Public Health Notice issued by the Medical Department in the name of the Hong Kong Government designating the ten days from March 16 to March 25 as a period during which all dwelling houses had to be swept clean and washed, and all rubbish dumped at the proper places. Failure on the part of dwelling houses or shops "to preserve their cleanliness and exert special efforts to maintain it" would be penalized by a heavy fine.** Another order to the same effect stated that during the period of cleansing, "all residents must thoroughly cleanse their premises as well as all furniture and utensils therein Authorized officials will make visits to houses. and heavy penalties will be inflicted upon the owner or occupier of any premises which are not properly cleaned. _."*¥* The press of March 16 carried a detail- ed list by sections of the areas to be cleaned on a given day, and for each day of the period the papers carried notices of the streets and areas which were supposed to be "cleansed" on that particular day.**** Fairly rigorous inspections were carried out, and the city was gradually given some semblence of cleanliness for the first time since the surrender. Restaurants also were regularly inspected, but with less assurance -- because of the possibility of bribery —- of effective control. The inter-guild diffi- culties between night-soil coolies were more Or less straightened out, and al- though disposal was much more expensive than formerly, the service was resumed. As late as June, however, there were complaints against the coolies, especially against their practice of carrying the night-soil through the streets in the daytime. 3. Oganization. a. Medical Department. As has been indicated, the particular "mili- tary bureau" charged with the maintenance of public health was the Medical De- partment, staffed with Japanese, some of whom were public health experts from Japan while others were army Or civilian Japanese medical men. The organiza- tion of the Department's principal sub-Office, the Anti-Epidemic Bureau, has been described. In the inoculation and inspection squads, both Chinese and Jap- anese nurses were employed, and some of the doctors were Chinese. b. Medical and Dental Associations. On May 14 it was announced that two associations were being formed under the auspices of the Medical Department. the Nipponese-Chinese Medical Association and the Nipponese-Chinese Dental Association.***** The membership in each was to include all the members of the * See enclosure No. 24. Wanchai District Bureau Notice. ** See enclosure No. 25, Public Health Notice. »** HONG KONG NEWS, March 16, 1942. **»** HONG KONG NEWS, March 16, 1942. »*»*** HONG KONG NEWS, May 14, 1942. | Hong Kong. drug firms visited Hong Korg in May to inspect the stocks - 85 ~ particular profession resident in H ong Kon heth . 11 doctor ; g, whether Japanese o a EE oomtises pi asked to register with or ht ose, aoa Ons edical registry was revi Lza- ied Chi iewed to secure th : - Less Socio and dentists, and it was estimated that . a Co ah 20 the practice of" (i.e., to hunt out, enroll it bg possle un practice) some 600 doctors and over 300 dentists "% or x . aduates of medical colleges and instituti : utions in 3 : "permitted" to register. Japan, China, and foreign countries were In each i Vikid WW ne Avira was given the power to issue certificates ot ‘ e. ny doctor (and : ticin Ci presumably a : ahs Hino oo S Dnirionls after June 15, 1942 was ye arhst) Dine ls us the Japanese authorities i h di AE : : , act : ment, which in turn acted through the two ng ti the Medical D:part- ab : : inese" a iati able to gain and exercise control over the medical an ssociations, was d dental professions in . t 1 9 & p , x t t f 1 S Il han in on | Kong and g not moved to Japan —— was stated to be adequate for the use of the Col on Y Pp oad tary supplies might be expected to be forthcoming from a fh d . " . Cas Hospitals. Public Notification No. 29" issued June 3, 1942, listed y , 41181e sev h t ] d n t ] d b th Off f th CG f H Kon : and gave their locations and the s i i sae ipped to 0 A pecilal services which Ww a Sem From this list it is evident that the medical ny as ie ot Tove division of labor among the hospitals named, for er hospitals are not na En wn a 0 aternily Sass 10 snoiher: The lare- Aa Brae Jaan Ss probably because if reports are correct they are Lori ment io Pave was eSe Army 1n some cases and by the Navy in others f bb : woun ed soldiers and seamen. The large and d oF the nospital is said to have been taken over directly by Fehon ums 1 . K. Social and Cultural Controls. 1. Education. a Shift to Japanese. lions alabet ors Japanese Classes. One of the characteristic attitudes giire Was His Pie oc ype ol Japanese who came into Hong Kong with the Island's ly be able to speak S asin that every one who could speak should nctural- should be able to underst a olene language and that every one who could hear obey an order sh erstand it when it was spoken to him; any who failed t outed at him in Japanese deserved to be shot just as Stiely for * HONG KONG NEWS, May 14 & 26, 1942. # An association was also formed for doctors of Chinese medicine Of which the Medical Department (or "Health Section") is a pars: for the full text of the notification. Sse sadlosurs Mo. 78 LES 5 EAS Sa RR - 86 his failure to understand what was being said to him as for a deliberate de- fiance of the command. The fact that a person had failed to learn Japanese was proof to begin with of a perverse hostility to the higher purposes that mo- tivated the Japanese people. This perfectly sincere and unaffected conviction made an immediate and pro- found impression on the Chinese:* the preoccupation of the hour was the study of Japanese. Classes sprang up everywhere; the English language press began running a series of thirty-minute lessons; every intelligent Chinese resident in Hong Kong was making some effort to master the language of "Great Nippon." To bring these classes under the surveillance of the Education and Cultural Department of the Governor's Office, there was jssued under date of April 16, 1942, and over the Governor's signature, an order prescribing regulations for the conduct of "private classes for the Nipponese language." These regulations, which covered all classes numbering more than ten students, or for which fees were charged, required the person opening the class first to submit descriptive particulars —- name, address, teachers, hours, curriculum, etc. —— through the local General (Bureau) Office to the Office of the Governor, which would pass upon the request. Once the class had been established, it could not be dis- banded without permission, Explaining in a statement to the press the issuance of this order, Mr Nagao, Chief of the Education Department, said, "The enthusiasm shown by the people in Hong Kong in the study of the Nipponese language 1s a most encouraging sign... The sponta- neous desire... to learn the Nipponese language is due to the general feeling that in future Nipponese will become the common language in Hong Kong. The adoption of Nipponese as the common language for all people here should go a long way in promoting better and fuller un- derstanding among all classes of people in their new cooperative spirit to assist the Greater East Asia War... Because of this neces- sity (of using Japanese in applications, etc.,) the people should learn to write and speak Nipponese at their earliest opportunity. "While encouragement would be given to the people to study Nippon- ese, there would, however, be no restrictions regarding the use of other languages and the people's own dialects in their daily inter- course. "*¥* One of the earliest orders of the occupying ers, almost all of whom had their shop-signs h and Chinese, to remove the English versions: ly with this reminder of the Island's do (2) Japanese Place Names . army instructed Chinese shopkeep and advertisements in both Englis the Japanese wished to do away entire former ownership. Shopkeepers who did not comply promptly were forced to so by gendarme squads. to speak the other man's tongue. ———————————— * Who by long tradition are almost too willing *»*» HONG KONG NEWS, April -17, 1942. 1s presently available. - 87 - tira ee change was made b principal streets i wp ar Sieg 1t re-named in Japanese all of the became Nakameiji-dori; Des i rr SOSSH'S ony ConirTL, £09 instance oad (in Fortoont, Baoiidses ay i Central became Higashishowa-dori Nathan ester, and Pert ntl ars gad So on.* The names of the Hong Kong Glou- y in Tokyo: the whole bind also changed L0 ones as typically Japanese Se pire WAS Dut 58ite, And oti Servet which was the city's English Ag ich Aheve New node sive am a kimona of Japanese names: the places t put seemed themselves somehow altered in the Cte y the Hong Kong Government's Public Required Courses. But er i LEY, - perhaps the most impo ; that which was to be demanded of oe ai rtant phase of this shift- C I > All w ; our hours a week to the study of Japanese in r soliooly yore towive ato study E : ; ; equired courses. P he Chines Ens Jags Bot Barred from doing so; even the study fi discourazed. o* bus coy Fuage = was not completely interdicted, although ses of education, Ja yr enguages were any longer io be proper for ong, although now : Hi and the individual's own local dialect. In ina; the infinitely ae at iniyes Trois, Ro ko tollew goons ack into thei n dt : nds of village patois w i ® oeir phi under a deliberately fostered ES ax oy & only available bridge across the gulf between enn the hed are 1 11 ww. CALLE 1 Wal Regulations G N fegulations Governing Schools Thi : "a £25002. 1s requiremen adopt - quirement that the a aia oe the fundamental principle in teaching in apoRess delays or months the opening of Hong Kong 1 he local TH ‘ong fong's schools, since very mbers of achin : Sg the teasing profession in the Colony knew enough J 40 tne Secon weel in TA, + ATW i a anese ti Te bing in gama the Hong Kong Overseas Oren Com bal I ing under the aegis of the educati iq - of the Japan my sta ; ; fie eaucational 2nd culiure . a i epess hy stard, by whom it was informed that all Serr © enter schools set up by the ¥ilitary Adri: m the Japanese lancuac nistra- he meer apanese language Teachers who graduated from th 8 be assigned to lower s ed Irom these courses schools i Ark Eh opened. until such time as the higher schools sters of schools were directed to re gister wi tl i gistier with the authorities: 1 +h er! 3 2 ~~ vo 1 Ps Jermiasion. no school could open.**** Tt was not ti orl go ot : 1. { wa until or A at specific regulations were promulgated Fite ication for registration by the head t aprinpn idee aL tion by leadmaster of an ] and specifying the curriculum. ***** 307, Sops0l that fesirel \ A 2 Vil usual stat : “Whe inl Beoment to the press accompanying these regulations I nen ressed the importance of the teacher's task: Enel the ra N A 2 No. 47, Hon g vernmer i ; g Kong Government, Public Notification No. 12 all reference to the uld be unable to 10848 1s one of the means by which the Chungking Government unification of China into a strong national stat Tre HONG KONG NEWS, January 19, 1942. : * HONG KONG NEWS, January 17, 1942. haa aanneh ‘ 3 has sought to bring ab ¥*¥ Bu C vern ' By Governor's Order No. 16. issued . » 1ssueda on or about April 2 4 I 0, 1942. No copy of this order - 88 - » realize their responsibility to aid civilization in the Greater East Asia Sphere. In the past the Hong Kong education system has been an obstacle to the progress of East Asia reconstruction. Therefore a stop should be made to this and future education programme must be shaped in accordance with the natural tendency of East Asia though, with the object of spreading Nipponese civilization." "Teachers of schools here must Reports published in April indicated that the Japanese authorities expected that some twenty schools which had completed their registration applications would have complied with all requirements and be able to open on May 1. Inves- tigators despatched by the Education Department did not find them up to standard however, and it was not until May 15 that twelve schools were finally found satisfactory; nine more opened later.” The HONG KONG NEWS of June 10, 1942 re- ported that there were at that time 46 private Chinese schools open.** employing 200 teachers, of which 80 percent knew nO Japanese. To correct this situation three month courses in the language were to be offered. On June 12 a Chinese Committee of five members was set up by the Education Department to hold fortnightly meetings to examine the qualifications of all teachers applying for permission to resume their classes. The approved name: were forwarded to the Chief of the Education Department for final sanction whereafter the accepted applicants were issued Teacher's Certificates. attached to all matters affecting the To signalize the importance which he days —— June 24, 29 education of the young, Lt. General Isogal devoted three and 26 —— to an extended inspection of the schools then open. c. Teachers's Training Institute. To develop a nucleus of indoctrinated teachers, the Civil Administration Department of the Japanese military estab- lishment in Hong Kong announced on January o7 the early opening of an institute for elementary school teachers, According to the circular issued, date would undergo a two-months course in (1) Japanese, (2) general knowledg (3) Japanese affairs, (4) lectures, and (5) physical culture. One hundred and fifty men and wome cants, all of whom nad to have had prior were inducted into the first class.*** On April 2 Mr. tion (and Cultural) ed the course, telling them that "a new cultural field was now open to them, a it was up to them to seize their opportunities and help in the construction Greater East Asia."***¥ tudents, apprising them of how "an depended on their material resources The result of the recent hostil Mr. LAU Tit-shing also spoke to the s Asiatic spirit now prevailed; the British whereas the Japanese relied on their spirit. * HONG KONG NEWS, May 1, 15 & 22, 1942 *»* Ag against more than 600 under the British *»** Each student was supplied with rice and H.K.$30 »x%* HONG KONG NEWS, April 3, 1942. regime. during the period of training. each candi- n —— selected by examination from appli- teaching experience in Hong Kong -- Nagao, Chief of the Educa- Department, handed their certificates 10 the 148 who complet- u unes that t e erable attenti originally inter | y intended that the library was to be open to the public: io - 125 men, 125 women. - 89 = ties in Hong Kong demonstrat : , iy sy ed which was better." would impart this spirit to the younger generation Hs hopat Liat the lgachers Responding for the stud : ents, one WONG Chak nined to surmour i FF ’s : ak-lau vowed that "they w t ars - re difficulties in helping to create a as ere gelere St ’ faced the road to this goal with confidence." 7Sater Wasiansl A second traini ii show, Mr. Nagao wees as Snmmiel on April 17 with much the sam Ea eR a Fe the main wl le beginning students that the Nipponese 1 pe DE rtianding Lt. sould se. of study "because in future the students ji her spirit to help the reconst perfect understanding of conditions in Ni . i rion and trlentonin ® Wr oa of Asia, to promote HEA 4 or over 1 000 EC AHA tos Ihe congratulated them on being the 250 eset - working to make ’ an advised them to realize that the % ¥* oe a good foundation for education in Greater ors TW C 4 ast Asia." New classes : y sses con : inese-controlled Sonia ? be recruited every three months, although " 1trolle s. alth a 1942, reported that th ast in the Chinese language from Hong Kong i 2 : a a e Education Department was trying to Rane ua Optober, > why 1lewer hail : die. students were joining the school." East Asia A bdo lL Aolc cade y " . Hong Cag 3 he broadcast just quoted it was also stated otek eo y would be re-open ; rr BO mals doln Fle aia ed y ‘ty + versity, and Chine i : Subsecuent Te 16 ae oa nis are of the opinion that it ; not b able n e roadcast refer 101 been open Sw red to anot ; : : grew out of the "T nother pro which id f the eachers' Trainin : J which evide ra Heit at ing Institute" -- the "H 4 Academy," which opened the "Hong Kong East the UNLVers ite Pp on April l, 1943, and possibly OoCUDY 3 : 1g ast ! ae a sity. Its purpose is to train teacher d a i ment General. Speci ; : S and employees of the G pecial instructors for the Academy's Tose oe oo Govera~ asses wel brought om Japan tO + ea 1 h : C Gd LO VEC C 1 t e princi pa 3 j nN 1 sub ects t i Lass ( S . n J ’ he Japanese langus ge, news of the Uni- has vi ecCl, history, 5 h (3 vs 1 ve : e. The General Library. y +4 - hing, a stream When t 200d Laval Tash ne Peak was being looted of every portabl ang DB ean of Necks poured into the Thieves' Market in Hong oer ao : 3: S$ could read neither Chinese nor Engli | A hey did not burn for firew DS Eigty Spd ne vols irewood they sold to the Market for a few 5 | (2 ow m i cop- I'S e a C h . h e Fung I ing Shan 1 g e i k \ A Wilalil , 0 eth r with tl ] i v 5 N ; g d Chinese library nat hac been In Me rch i Ww S 0 e 1 1 y ik i [@8 nouse a t Na a C d th t t b “ 3 ~ t | ; w Ww “Me 01 ie fine ~ collections in all As la , was to be opened . A Cap t a i n {i (#4 1K | mL the Mil os : y Investigation Department undertook the task 01 oe m : ’ ge \ ler ng them from © very available source 1CV | € i “ill. I Ir ne first month th Es 8 0 t a he We S SO e e i 3 leara + 34 racted « them. that par att of project may have b y een forgotten too, there being no broadcast ord of the library's establishment. ** ry I - 1100 t has been suggested that part of th ection ater T he col was shi 1 lection was 1 shipped to Tokyo - BE "Teachers of schools here must realize their responsibility to aid civilization in the Greater East Asia Sphere. In the past the Hong Kong education system has been an obstacle to the progress of East Asia reconstruction. Therefore a stop should be made to this and future education programme must be shaped in accordance with the natural tendency of East Asia though, with the object of spreading Nipponese civilization." dicated that the Japanese authorities expected that some twenty schools which had completed their registration applications would have complied with all requirements and be able to open on May 1. Inves- tigators despatched by the Education Department did not find them up to standard, however, and it was not until May 15 that twelve schools were finally found satisfactory; nine more opened later.* The HONG KONG NEWS of June 10, 1942 re- ported that there were at that time 46 private Chinese schools open.** employing 200 teachers, of which 80 percent knew no Japanese. To correct this situation three month courses in the language were to be offered. Reports published in April in On June 12 a Chinese Committee of five members was set up by the Education Department to hold fortnightly meetings to examine the qualifications of all teachers applying for permission to resume their classes. The approved name were forwarded to the Chief of the Education Department for final sanction whereafter the accepted applicants were issued Teacher's Certificates. o o < which he attached to all matters affecting th or Isogai devoted three days —- June 24, 29 e schools then open. To signalize the importance education of the young, Lt. General and 26 — to an extended inspection of th To develop a nucleus of indoctrinated teachers, the Civil Administration Department of the Japanese military estab- lishment in Hong Kong announced on January 27 the early opening of an institute for elementary school teache:.s, According to the circular issued, each candi- date would undergo a two-months course in (1) Japanese, (2) general knowledg (3) Japanese affairs, (4) lectures, and (5) physical culture. ¢. Teachers's Training Institute. women —— selected by examination from appli- teaching experience in Hong Kong -- d into the first class.*** On April 2 Mr. Nagao, Chief of the Educa- Department, handed their certificates to the 148 who complet- field was now open to them, and nd help in the construction One hundred and fifty men and cants, all of whom had to have had prior were inducte tion (and Cultural) ed the course, telling them that "a new cultural it was up to them to seize their opportunities a Greater East Asia. '***¥ tudents, apprising them of how "a nev depended on their material resources The result of the recent hostil Mr. LAU Tit-shing also spoke to the s Asiatic spirit now prevailed; the British whereas the Japanese relied on their spirit. * HONG KONG NEWS, May 1, 15 & 22, 1942 ** As against more than 600 under the British regime. *x* Each student was supplied with rice and H.K.$30 during the period of training. »*x** HONG KONG NEWS, April 3, 1942. - 89 =~ ties in Hong Kong demonstrated whi 3 : g ch was better." H yould impart this spirit to the younger generation. S Top IL aes Respondin sined Tg tor 1s Staats one WONG Chak-lau vowed that "they were deter Rous ifficulties in helpi ye gpl " ping to create ire & ; sphere, and faced the road to this goal with confidence." B Grenier Yastiisie A second traini ; tiie (onl raining class was inaugurated on April 17 with much the s raze ng Yaga: pine out to the beginning students that the Nipponese ig ersterding ae DS a subject of study "because in future the et Ludents va Y ave a perfect understandin 4 5 : Cid her s it tot g of conditions in Ni will hades Boe reconstruction of Asia, to promote ar ye and atl >ndship." Mr. Ichiki congratulated th ; =Opere from O : ; em on being the 250 s sr 3,500 candidates, and advised them to realize . S Beste working to make a good foundation for education in Greater Fast oe ao wi GAs LL a. New classes i : dsemgontrol lod Poa! usd to be recruited every three months, although a Ja ILC 1 3 Co : » hr Ce — 1942, reported oa cast in the Chinese language from Hong Kong in es I Dy ha the Education Department was trying to discover "wi ih di students were joining the school." ver "why fewer d East Asi . Last _AsSla - I that the Sedna foo In the broadcast just quoted it was also stated "doing all re Wh would be re-opened soon, with Japanese profess wt - C Lilt \J ' a QO x nr y could to help." There has been no subsequent news of the Sos versity, and Chine i o ro Fe ise arveeanis are of the opinion that it has not been cpenecd 41 able hat e broadcast ref ds NOT D n openeaq. or ow erred t 1 ~ wh + + grew out of the "Teachers' Traini Soi another project, which evidently deny. ¥hich o 2 Training Institute" —- the "Hong Kong East Asi wp ig on April 1, 1943, and possibly occupies the Boildives 2 oN, wa lV. 3 . ie vw WLIEDS 1 sent Conere yr *S purpose is to train teachers and employees of the ee i 180 . al. Special instructors for the Academy's classes he A overn- Irom Japan to tea inci od asses were brought ir from Japan to teach the principal subjects, the Japanese lang a g n lassics." anguage, history, and e. The Genera 1 1 : thin I ral Library. When the Peak was being looted of every portal a ¥i.renn of books poured into the Thieves' Market in Hong fe Popsable OlT€ 1an not the aint 40 Hong ng. more ki oe x he looters could read neither Chinese nor English, and B Yale. Wi . C they . . > aby Chis vil VO Le A ey SL not burn for firewood they sold to the Market for a fe 0 pers each. The Jape 11] vy Ranh AU I'ew cop- Pe Tide 5 Japanese military themselves seized the famous Chinese lil °P ! ing Shan : LAN hinese libra g Shan, together with the English and Chinese library that had | ry lbra thal had been the property of Hong Kong University. In Ma 3 i 17 “16 OF Hare: it 33% Sunuse that a great general library, which was to ho one of inest collections in all Asi , which wa house 0 So sia, was to be nec : rs of the Militar : : ’ Os opened. A Captain Hidaki es ae * “any Investigation Department undertook the task of BN anna : , gathering them from every available source, reviewi ve CaS 0L1Ng em. he fi , reviewin hw pr fh first month that he was so engaged, his efforts rected Cor sid rig 11 ention, but thereafter nothing more was to be heard o "the Tx er OI ina Ir inter . : learda hem. It wa g y tended that the library was to be open to the public; that part a ’ Lh a L 1 Cc Q and collating Q + + Hy + the project may h \ 3 ah ge ay have been forgotten too, there being no broadcast or Bi patel Id e library's establishment. ** I OLNSr re 125 men, 125 women. *It has b u een suggested that part of the collection was later shipped to Tol shipped to Tokyo wv a - 00 = 2. Propaganda. a. The Message. For over a hundred years the educated classes in China and throughout continental Asia have had a respect that was perhaps more than wholesome for the white man and his works. It was first to Northern Europe that the industrial revolution had come,* and the white man's mastery of the mechanics of modern civilization was a wonderful thing to see. The revolution had now almost run its course, and the East was catching up. In this pause before the shifting of the scenes the prestige of the white man in Asia was a real obstacle to the plans of the Japanese; it made a mockery of their preten- tions to leadership in the East, based as they were on their adeptness as imi- tators of the West. A sea of propaganda, persistent, continuous, unending, has not been the least of the weapons which Japan has brought to bear SO effectively to work the destruction of that prestige. Its central message was a simple one: the domi- nance of the white man is done. "He exploited you for a hundred years, and now the valiant armies of the Emperor have shown you the hollowness of his vaunted might, the decadence of his minions, the inner weaknesses of England and America supposedly the strongest of the countries he represents. We of Asia are of one race and one culture; we Japanese are the elder brot 1 hers of all the East, and feel for everyone of you the solicitude of the father for his children. Doin with the white man!" is the same sort of emotionally synthesized distortion of the of Hitler against the plots of "internation- further: the Japanese gospel is infinitely ore deeply the emotions of a much This appeal truth and specious logic as is that al Jewry," but the comparison goes no more dangerous, more insidious, and affects m larger section of the world's population than Hitler's. 1acked for those to heed it, nor has its appeal been on of Hong Kong Chinese has not been exceptional: is like, but they can hate him without Nor has the message in vain. In this the reacti they have learned what the Japanese forgetting his teachings. The bitter Chinese editorialist of the HONG KONG NEWS reflects this point of view.** een China and Japan, it may be said without fear of contradiction that the Chinese nation whole- heartedly favors the movement which Japan has sponsored, to emanci- cipate the downtrodden peoples of Asia. Upon this aim, in fact, all Asia is naturally unanimous. The conflict of opinion is confined to points of method and time. .... "Whatever the differences betw rnal instability of the Western social order; ively greater inte offered the individual member more than ocial system, tion system opened for tale an ultimate alternative. * Because of the relat only Eastern rival, the Chinese that of contemporary Europe; the examina the "right of revolution" gave any able but frustrated man was no need for steam engines. #* In the issue of January 20, 1942. nt the road to power, && Ther "rath of God over Tokyo could ever ease th V 1 ver ease that memory, could even Bartiallv - 0] "There can > : hit Bio et oe patty for every self-respecting Asiatic the living space and i in their own lands, to have their share of these. .... ", e products of the earth, to demand and win b. Vehicles. (1) Victories in the Field. A kind of Japanes TEE representative Chinese a lctories pe Drop Pas oe most effective, answered: eat pin! th at iL mot an Hong Kong would not have seemed to SFove are hy the dtvture oF wn by the surrender of the British army at Siren jue all of Rangoon as ae of the Netherlands East Indies, and then oy another, over coant ries ba This succession of victories, one tLe Japan, was almost Mn iy had slvays thought were so much stronger ih were amazed. Some rs nn Chinese -— particularly those in Hong gen and a few were happy and pged by it, some were disillusioned and Toit le od. gloating. nbittered, Like the Chinese rickshaw forcing white mer. to take dow the residents of Hong Kong were ur their pants in the 5 : . ; pants in the center of the busiest st left by the ings t ] y the things they were witnessing with impression which only the mos I ich on he most complete r ] Ip] Comy 2 retribution cc 2s in their sarlier : cy oution could ever wi Hew ie i Jo» wipe out. Here ones onflicts with the hated Westerner, the Japanese were f or ed 1 mstance. Ww + 1h ES v5 Arve. 4 : y Yayors with the American fleet crippled by th a ipp by the treacherous attack Pearl Harbor an Ie or and Great Britair ; i J L ltain pre-occupied in Ex ) pile up a string ; Rai pied 1n Europe, th w abl p a string of su CTT mt ude oe, ey were able tc mark in t ot such brilliant victories in Asia as to le an i ss mark in the history of the East S eave an ineradicab Grimly the Japa mly the Japanese-controlled pr AGROTOPS Santen pan se-controlled press hammered home the lessons that th wall 0 be sure would not be forgotten by their subjects: , > iad Singapore will be another Hong Kong when I: iC lave z n : ' g ong when the tr tl 1S Now: a may in Hong Kong, there are the same pu of a. from a Sys Binor orricials, all suffering lays them open to S riucticr Sgsirs for material advantages, which dis (Holiantion pus SN mms Sistine of hard work and : : : 1 WwillCll res Fa Ss Ww a nf mental and physical processes and hasten —- Bn i oe Ot (2) Celebrations B A743 nt Av si mi } SALAS te, Realizing how much the mind of a man is en- sortant ite Tan mh 2s Dy the norjons he makes, the Japanese made an im- victories. Ee celebrations which they held for their that event and involved of eal of Singapore were begun four days before aborate planning on the part of a Chinese committee ™ of five sel wi aA ected with the approval of the Japanese to run the show Ev : Ww. eryone former 1s +Ari — former editorial writer on a British paper : D4 wil Map A —— F iritten - it is said by a Chinese, i} fall 01 Sings } ( i w - RS Llngapore (pri i in the H | | Vv Fo . ohm ee ¥ nted 411 i HONG KONG NEWS, Janu ry C 19 i 1p v { I lary 15, 1942) This « omment ta +} rv i nly hte! ¥ 1942 wlngapor 2 y + 4 : ICA i ne bitterness, the ieep sense of } etraval } {5 Vy ne most 1 llig nt and cultured + 3 . oe Te nw eilrayal, Share an of € 0 e l1ge 111 14 11 A hinese 1n Hong Kong nly the wreakin f t ju e ( e K ¢ JOLY 1C rearing ol . rehabilitate festerner, in Eastern eyes. a_i gu tose st GA ORIGINAL DEFECTIVE nm—————— - 02 - so were asked to submit and those who wished to do t later than 4 p.m. On was invited to participate, ion Advisory Committee no their names to the Rehabilitat February 17. intro- ban and rural The actual celebrations were held the next day. The account of them which appeared on the 19th (of February, 1942) in the HONG KONG NEWS alleged that 30,000 Chinese joined in the parade held on the Hong Kong side, and 20,000 in the one in Kowloon. The Hong Kong parade was started off by the Honorable Sir Robert Kotewall, who seemed to think it necessary to stand on a table in Statue e and jump up and down three times, yelling "Banzai." The procession was in length, and to have been featured by the cus- ith the Chinese. Besides Chinese and Japan- and Thais were represented. There were aising the "Co-prosperity STREETS n to the masses the latest news adcasti Street shows one of Squar stated to have been two miles tomary long "dragons" traditional Ww ese, Indians, Fillipinos, Macanese, 25,000 posters attacking Anglo-American perfidies and pr Sphere" pasted up in conspicuous places in Hong Kong, 15,000 in Kowloon, and 10,000 in Taipo; 20,000 leaflets were distributed by hand in Hong Kong, 10,000 in Kowloon and another 10,000 in Taipo, while 280,000 were dropped from the air by planes. There were banners across the streets, and loudspeakers, both port- able —— on cars -—- and stationary. All business houses and private homes were ordered to fly Japanese flags, the exact dimensions of which were prescribed. It was said that 40,000 flags were distributed in Hong Kong, 20,000 in Kowloon, 13,000 in Taipo, and 1,000 assigned to the Peninsula Hotel, beloved of big-shot broadcast vans nouncements arouse ly touring ur s and information. the ng. This scene at the corner for new Japanese. started with the same hopping up and down and Honorable Sir Robert, was held a month later, of Rangoon and the Netherlands East Indies. ane performed. Thousands of pamphlets ' it was even claimed that some ere handed out as a reward for istered participant re- g know A very similar celebration, "panzai-ing'" on the part of the on March 17, to mark the capture Six planes took part, and one stunt pl were dropped; there were 18 "lion displays,’ neutral foreigners participated.” Bags of rice Ww those who marched, and some fifteen days later every reg ceived a small gift as a memento. in CE LH RS 555 a e S w nc 3 nc b. = 3 hd w ® Ton v ww 8 V be ral of such vans are da s eager desire Seve ic ies. areas to satisfy the publ For more routine propaganda WOTK in the streets of the city, the Japanese used a small auto-van equipped with a set of loudspeakers which reproduced recordings of lectures and speeches urging the co-operation of the "yellow races" and the expulsion of the white man Picture slides were also used by street propagandists, to catch and hold the attention of passers-by while the evils wrought by the Westerner were being ex- plained to them. the use of street bro hods of mak (3) Broadcast Van and Pic by HONG KONG NEWS, January 13, 1942. l and Pedder the Japanese authorit its numerous daily papers Sus- of the Japanese forces, the ntact the reporters and edi- and English-language When Hong Kong surrendered, Immediately after the entry f the occupying army began to co tors of these papers. On January 1 the HONG KONG NEWS, Japanese-controlled propaganda organ under the British regime prior to the Pacific war resumed publication, issuing at first only a single sheet published The three-column account under a three-line head carried stories of the celebration in the staged propaganda displays were (4) The Press. pended publication. Information Bureau 0 by the large crowd. * HONG KONG NEWS, March 18, 1942. in the English-language sheet was characteristic of the Chinese~language press as well. These fervid descriptions of themselves propaganda, and as much directive as factual. One of the most effective met evi and official notifications is of Queen’s Road Centra duced by denced “Of on cue side. It was successful in employing several of the ablest Chinese and Eurasian writers on the staff of the old SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST, and was edited by one E. G. Ogura, a Japanese believed to have been brought in from Japan for that purpose. The NEWS had two sister publications, one in Japanese -- the HONG KONG NIPPO —- and the other —- the HONG KONG YAT PO -- in Cantonese. On January 25 the Information Bureau gave a luncheon for Hong Kong's news- paper men. Major Saida, the Acting Chief of the Bureau, addressed the guests, explaining to them the important part they had to play in the development of the "Co-prosperity Sphere;" and Mr. Takao, the Chief of the Press Section of the Bureau, outlined for them the future course of newspaper work in Hong Kong an urged them to cooperate fully within. A Mr. Li, President of TIN YIN YAT "suitably replied."* At about this time the Japanese authorities permitted the reissuance of some ten Chinese-language papers under the close scrutiny of the Press Section, which handled press censorship as well as press relations. Presumably to permit of closer supervision, the the latter part of May, 1942, to effect an amalgamation of these papers: SING TAO and the WAH TSE becoming the HEUNG TAO YAT PO; the TIN YIN, TSE YAU, SIN MAN, and NAM WAH becoming the NAM WAH YAT PO; the WAH KIU and TAT CHUNG becoming a new WAH KIU; and the TSUN WAN and the TAI KWONG becoming the TCA MAN PO.** The order was carried out on June 1, the ten papers thus becoming four. 1formation Bureau decided Ty -l or o A Tokyo broadcast of April 6, 1943 stated that on the previous day a pop- ular magazine, the PAI HSING CHOU PAO —- "The People's Weekly" -- had made its debut in Hong Kong. The new magazine is described as containing articles on both national and international affairs, together with short stories; presum- ably representing the Japanese idea of a cross between TIME and the SATURDAY EVENING POST, it promises to provide the rulers with another effective means of propaganda among literate Chinese. At the same time a daily tabloid th HSING PAO -- "The People's Journal," a Japanese-edited "P.M." in Chin de its appearance, evidently from the same presses. It was claime 75,000 copies of its first edition were sold. HONG KONG NEWS, January 27, 1942. ** Translations of these titles into English are as follows SING TAO Prosper the Island WAH TSE Chinese Daily HEUNG TAO YAT PO Fragrant Isle Daily TIN YIN Heaven's Discourse TSE YAU Freedom SIN MAN News NAM WAH South China NAM WAH YAT PO South China Daily News WAH KIU Overseas Chinese TAI CHUNG The Great Masses TSUN WAN The Revolving Globe TAI KWONG The Great Light TOA MAN PO The East Asia People's Press - Od - The closest attention was from the beginning paid to the journalists as a ere taken on tours of the repaired railway line, of the rebuilt ip to Canton. They were and generally courted as group. They Ww fortifications, and had their way paid for them on a tr shown propaganda films, supplied with special passes, a specially influential group. February 18 it was decided that h Chinese could belong, and in selves together to form the At a meeting of the Japanese Press Club on there should also be a Pressmen's Club to whic June the Chinese reporters assisted in grouping them dh Chinese Press Association. The theatre-loving Chinese are not only almost inordinately fond of their own plays, but "movies" and "talkies" as well; in recognition of this fact the Japanese propaganda experts with the Army Informa- tion Bureau secured —— as one of their first acts —— the re-opening of the larg- er movie houses in both Hong Kong and Kowloon, for the showing of propaganda films. Movie-goers saw graphic pictures of the attack on their own city, as well as of the fighting in Malaya, the Philippines, and other scenes of combat Wang Ching-wel's visit of state to Tokyo was the subject of another reel. Houses which were not showing propaganda films showed Chinese movies of the ancient dramas, or Japanese movies sound-tracked for Cantonese.” (5) Films_and the Theatre. In June an attractive Japanese film star, accompanied by a leading man, and her director and crew arrived in Hong Kong to work for which troops, flame-throwers, bomb- £ 1sed -— to make a movie of minor part players, two months shooting realistic scenes —-— in ing planes and the whole equipment of warfare were the occupation of the Colony.** It was to be sound-tracked in Japanese, Can- tonese, Mandarin, and later in foreign languages.*** A propaganda play, with Chinese and Japanese actors, "Hong Kong's Hundredth id shelter —- was also acted LJ a Christmas" -- the story of an incident in an air-ra on the Island's stages attracting —— according to the Japanese —- large audiences and wide acclaim. *¥*¥* (6) Radio. In the first week in January following the city's fall, the nt on the air as Station JPHA, old station JBW —- "Hong Kong calling" -- went 1,154 kilocycles or 260 metres on the medium wave, with a daily operating on to 10:00 p.m., including recorded music and scheduled broadcast from 6:00 p.m. yanese, Cantonese and Mandarin. news in Japane * On January 20, for instance, there were five moving picture houses open in Hong Kor the Central showing a propaganca film of war news; the Cathay, showing a Chinese picture Mandarir i appropriate propaganda shorts); the King's, offering a Japanese film; 18 Queen's, one in Mandarin, and tl , one in Cantonese On the same day nine moving picturz houses in Kowloon were showing Cantonese films, one was showing a Japanese film, 1 iving Cantonese stage shows. (HONG KONG NEWS, January 20, 1942). All of th +h were of course interlarded with propaganda. »* HONG KONG NEWS, issues of June 8, 10,14, and 16, 19 »x* It is irteresting that promptly upon the 0 (June 9, HONG KONG NEWS) his Order No. 26 creating a film tion No. 31 establishing a cinema co-operative, the two measures together giving compl control. See enclosures No. 83 and 84. *»*** HONG KONG NEWS, June 21, 1942. the Governor issued snsorship, and Public Notifica- % 3 en ¢ 5 3 SEEN VICTORIA TAKES A RIDE—The removal of t} > Jus Sire pone Thursday. ong to go was the statu Jueen Victoria. which is seen being swung out ERs > Ray ere occupied for decades. HONG KONG NEWS, March 15, 1942. sr I GG AG Ta —— gi RN i ¥ i i ¥ § i - 95 - During the following month the capacity of the station was considerably increased, and on February 11 it began broadcasting simultaneously on short and long wave, presenting also an extended local program. The press said of it, "The station will serve as a mighty wireless fort for the prevention of detri- nental enemy waves from reaching here." (7) Symbolic Acts. Apart from the formal vehicles of propaganda —-- al- though sometimes employing them —— were the numerous and diverse sorties against he white man that, grouped together, formed on of the subtlest and most effec- ive of the means which the Japanese took to stamp the consciousness of the Chirese in Hong Kong. They were symbolic acts, expressive of a deep and abid- ing contempt. Of the countless illustrations of this technique which confronted one continually in the Colony after the Japanese capture of it, we need cite only two. Above Murray Field on Garden Road the British had newly built an officer's mess hall; the Japanese Army stabled their horses in it.* Like the city of Washington, the Colony under its British rulers had made something of a fetish of statues: the removal of them — to be melted down for scrap -- was carried out with some ostentation, beginning with that of Queen Victoria in Statue Square, which was "taken for a ride" on March 12, 1942, ** c. Organizations. (1) Hsing Ya Chi Kuan. For the promotionof the over-all idea of "Pan-Asia" "Asia for the Asiatics," the Japanese opened in Hong Kong a branch of the Hsing Ya Chi Kuan -- literally, the "Promote (or Revive) Asia Organ" -- which cted as a popular and public branch of the Information Bureau. It was staffed by military as well as’civilian officials, and represented just another vehicle or the official theme; it served in the organization of subordinate cadres perating against specific weak spots in the Westerner's political armor. (2) India Independence League. Of these weak spots the weakest is prob- bly India: the Japanese have long conceived of it as being -- to borrow a hrase used by an eminent Englishman in a slightly different connection -- the 'soft underbelly" of the United Nations in Asia, "A fruit ripe for the pluck- ing, a sector that begs to be attacked." It is at once the theme and the object much of the most effective propaganda of the Japanese: they never tire of lding it up before the other peoples of Asia as a "horrible example" of the ‘white man's imperialism." India itself offers the promise of a political 'ictory of incalculable proportions. The organ through which Japan exploits the opportunities which the West iffords her in this rich field of action is the India Independence League. The League was formed in Tokyo by emigre Indian nationalists who fled to the protec- on The fact that the average Anglo-American muffs the point of a gibe lik ny less telling on the Chinese audience for whose benefit it is intend V A ** A more direct assault on the white man's "prestige" was involved in the treatment accorded whole British and American communities in their internment —— but this is a subject which Would require a volume in itself adequately to describe. The reader need only be assured at the Japanese lost no opportunity to accelerate or exploit for its implications in pro- anda the degeneration which was inevitable in the conditions which they ated for their Captives. -O0 = the first mention of the establishment of a branch in ry 25, 1942, when it announced a mass- "Indian Independence Day." The address one Zahoor Ahmed was said to be tion of the Japanese; Hong Kong appears in the NEWS of Janua meeting to be held the following day —— of the branch was given as 80 Nathan Road, and in charge of it. The meeting, which was presided over by one Sohil Khan, supported by Sosne M. R. Malik and Zahoor Ahmed, all of whom were described as 8h represen Ives i tended by "several thousand persons. es of the League in Canton, was at : Pt iby two resolutions, one to sever all relations with the British, and the other: 6, we make the determination that we shall ' - 2 "From to-day, January ut for the free- fight to the last, not only for the freedom of India b dom of the continent of Asia." then made a speech, telling Mr. Malik, who had proposed the resolutions, his hearers: 1 that British rule in India has been nothing but robbery, jobbery and snobbery ... Te a Army is to-day fighting for the freedom of all Asiatic na hi : oe are all fully aware of the might of the Great Nippon py: be ‘ taken over the burden of putting an end to this century-o Slater of the Asiatic nations. The Imperial Japanese Forces OS rea y put an end to the British and American resistance 1n HONE Tong the Philippines. Singapore is on the verge of collapse 2 38 Jona nese forces are marching into Burma, where the Burmese an 99f iw countrymen are doing their best to cooperate and help the Dips jad Army towards its great goal of freeing the Asiatic nations yoke of slavery. aa, " . We all know full wel This statement keynotes the activities of the League from that ties Bon ward, and the uses to which the Japanese put it. A note tucked ks oo ner of the HONG KONG NEWS for February © (1942) suggests, for Snghaess w the resumption by JPHA of short-wave broadcasting might give an Spgorien jy. "Hong Kong Indians to tell their brothers at home of is very gerers Shipenn ment they are receiving at the hands of the Japanese, whic 33 ha relief from the tyranny they suffered under the rule of the Union ‘ i { How often the Indians in Hong Kong were "allowed" to avail themselves 0! this opportunity is not known, but a typical example is Buifislent evident vn the suggestion was carried into practice. On April 9, 54a, ’ s ephan described as having been associated with the Indian AT 0 or twenty years, and a former provincial congress leader of Sind, appeal to India to rise against Great Britain: "We see before our very eyes the once proud British imperialism crumbling to pieces before the onslaught of the Imperial Poros of Nippon.... Today Japan stands at the doorway to India. Japan e- sires to see her Asiatic bretheren freed from Western imperialism. | broadcast from Tokyo on the night of March 1. echoed in a broadcast from Hong Kong by D. M. Khan, f of the Hong Kong branch of the Independence League, } ordinary exhortation: "... 4 p | self and your country from the most dreaded and obnoxious disease f human race —-- Britain!" | 2 story in the NEWS of March 15, for instance, i "Open Indian Rioting Leads to Bloodshed" —— that: } various } to some sentatives, and (according to the NEWS account) told them of Japan's determina- - 97 - "In my humble opinion, there is no reason whatsoever to doubt the intentions of Japan with regard to India." He recalled the "massacre" at Amritsar, the iailj ; ; jailing of Nehru, urged that Indi be not beguiled by the Cripps’ mission, and closed: : hang "The Goddess of Freedom is knocking on your door. age and wisdom to receive her with open arms!" Have the cour- Shortly after the fall of Singapore, the League despatched nine of it - bers to that port for propaganda among the P its mem : Indian community there. all Indians everywhere in the world to unite to throw Sr tin a npE 10 Several days later this was described as the President who closed with the extra- drive the common enemy out by force, to save your- of the whole The local press gave the widest display to reports of difficulties in India stating —- under the headline "Press despatches indicate that a slowly rising tide of unrest spreading in India, and from India to Arabia, as the British Crown the Far East totters dangerously."* is in In ference the latter part of March Mr. Khan flew to Tokyo, to attend there a of representatives of the League brought together by the Japanese from con- parts of Asia. It was decided to transfer the headquarters of the League point closer to the borders of India. General Tojo received the repre- tion to crush Britain and America and assured them that Japan would do everything possible to help India break away from the British yoke and attain her indepen- dence. Khan returned to Hong Kong with the optimistic assertion that, "From what I saw in Japan I am fully confident that at the proper moment, the Japanese Government will come forward to give its full cooperation towards attaining India's independence." On the same day (April 16) that this report was published, the NEWS noted that some 400 of the 3,000 Indians in Hong Kong belonged to the League. ¢lfort thereafter was made to increase this showing: The membership fee of the League was only two dollars Hong Kong currency, and to increase its power in the Co munity, the Japanese gave it various prerogatives in the issuance of rice tions, etc. which made it very advantageous, if not almost necessary, for an “hdian to belong to it. To reach other groups of Indians there were also later lormed an Indian Youth League, as well as a Hindu Association and a Muslim Leauge The India Independence League continued the most active, however. and in ‘une it deputed representatives —- Khan, the Chairman, H. M. Parwani, the Sec- —_— Every Pa id r iN * my. 2 : ‘his story is an excellent example of the way in which Japan used for propaganda purposes. the situation in India - 00 he second congress ishna, the Social Secretary —— to go to t held this time in various parts of Asia, "Council for Action."* retary, and P. A. Kr of representatives of the League in Bangkok, where they were to choose a On June 20 of the same year the INQULAB, the weekly organ of the League in Hong Kong, made its first appearance. Printed in Urdu, it was distributed free of charge, and affords Japan one more channel through which to exert the con- stant pressure of its propaganda. (3) East Asia Cultural Association. To reach the circles of higher schol- arship, to secure access to those Chinese learned in their language and classics who still write beautifully with the old brush-pen —- and who still wield a very real influence among the Chinese —— the Japanese Army Press Section formed, within a month of Hong Kong's capture, a local branch of the "East Asia Cultural which all persons in cultural circles were invited to join. Be- ure" different and apart from the authen- and because in every sizeable group of incere appreciation and affection for the 1 fellowship exists here and the Japanese portunity it affords for Association," cause there is no real "Japanese cult tic culture (contributed by China), Japanese there are men who have a s older learning, the basis for a rea manipulators of political warfare have not missed the op further spread of their doctrines. Another such opportunity was afforded them by the The natural and spontaneous development of a the Colony had always been handi- (4) Labor Unions. situation of labor in Hong Kong. toward the organization of labor in the circumstance that it could find no firm base in the constantly lation of the Colony. And not only was there a constant ntinual migration; there had always been bor market and making Over and above these movement capped by changing laboring popu replacement of individuals through co at any given time a large labor surplus, depressing the la the establishment of fair-wage standards very difficult. inherent problems, efforts to organize Hong Kong's labor were further handicap- ped by legislative enactments and attitudes surviving from the earlier history of the movement in Hong Kong. Swept forward in the wave of a strong campaign to organize labor in South China in the early 1920's, there had come into exist- ence the Hong Kong General Labor Union and the Chinese Seamen's Union. In the reaction against the general strike in the Colony in 1925, both of these organ- izations were declared unlawful. The passage in 1927 of the Illegal Strikes and Ordinance, based on the even broader Trade Unions Act of the same year strike illegal which was adjudged to have an object in addition to a and forbade the control of any Hong Kong union by any union out- These restrictions, combined with the inherent limitations already noted, and with the fact that the movement in China proper and meanwhile also suffered a sharp recession, brought labor organization in the Colony to a virtual standstill. In 1939 the existence of 84 labor unions, with a total men- bership of forty-four thousand, was recorded, but it was accurately noted of them that they had become "little more than friendly societies concerned more with the provision of funeral expenses for the dead than the improvement of the conditions of the living. Vv:* Lockouts made any trade dispute, side of the Colony. en — —— 1 Sn + The expenses of the delegates were «aid to have been paid by levies on the Indian merchants in Hong Kong. ** REPORT , the Labour Officer, Mr. H. R. Butters HONG KONG, 11 April, 1939. | to which they were to be sold —— even though the cost of 1 ) ON LABOUR and LABOUR CONDITIONS IN - 99 - . ] Th .. Se royinu however, a very real labor problem: es or profiy the wage standard had to be kept as hin ina -- with which the Colony's products we for Hong Kong's capi- low as it was in the 1 re in competition or f yorker might be higher in H iving f 3 ong Kong and hi g for the common f ful beca S housin E fu use of the overcrowded conditions in the i at, i el : of unions did | not remove the laborer's gri id | talk about them.* grisvances; it only left him without a place to go to It is probable too th bm at had there b ® laborin rou , een stronger unio i be tne g DIoNTS Mia avs ih et they had a larget oe a oe i the h ule, but however th ilnuance to the prese y 4 at may be, t : p nt study is that the absence of i Pon yoriatas panese with fone more si i Wo Fe ituation to exploit in their efforts to discredit the West est. They took action immedi : iately - not i : . tut of controlling hi ] in the direction of aidi f for propaganda ge of using the groups into which rs Jsberes, . Barely three weeks after the city's ize him , one MA ECAy Sar-sin, described a " lance General an hii of the Hong Kong, and Kowloon Labour Assist tor Toad the teste oF BS TaTTnISy Sh revo of the NEWS** in Moto ftant position in it : eld, he said i — 38 Sects mn Lions, and "wages to be applied Rg labor organizations in the Colon consideration.” He asserted that the largest Qoriers' Guild, vere members on. such as the Engineers' Guild and the Tr ol ET the authorities, Mr. Me D the General Guild. Subject to the Ry hsio Beard (the Hsin ag ald, and in accordance with the plans of t Da 4: Je g 1 Kuan), all matters concerning labor would on j1th by the Guild's P i | resident, Mr. LAM Kin-yan, or by himself as its Secretary Shortly after the ows : emergence of the "G i Chinese Seamen' i sherel Sulld,” it wee an bith regular offices So fSsosiated Seafaring Trades Union" a a ) owloon. The news report of the event*** UE its formation, "a meeting ha Sa do g has already been held, Mr. WU Weihing being appointed as he ne The Union had now invi " 1 invited delegates t . WU then provi gates to attend and disc , : ad been a Preise: for background purposes, a history SS ua afraLs. i ret 59 Suave S General Union nearly twenty years pa thers rt a ’ won one strike against th A sy MP u's ul was S : : e Hon : Subsequently forcibly closed by the a ont Sayer nas » A little over a year later, o rom Tokyo stated "j fo Jaaiary 26, 1945, 2 DOMEL re lich will become Beh in vin of the large-scale a ob aden le Government General of il The increased construction of merchant king lon in order to secure hiv ioe ong 1s planning to establish a seamen's ass fas, shzent of the Great 111led cooperation of the local sailors for th a - er East Asia Co-prosperity sphere." While ng in the Chinese idiom, vt fe ak . tony UH J ERY Han r Fong KONG NEWS, January 17, 1942. fppearing in the HONG KONG NEWS, January 22, 1942 GG a —_——a fl - 100 - suggests the possibility that the Japanese found their earlier "Seamen's Union" an inadequate instrument, it does again underline a fact of greater importance, however obvious it should be: and that is that the control of the authorities over both "Unions" is com lete. Pp That religion in the Occupied territories would not escape 3. Religion. y indicated in Hong Kong. In January, the attention of the Japanese was earl 1942 the NEWS carried a DOMEI story from Tokyo assuring the subject peoples that Japan would not interfere with the activities of religious bodies in Japan, the Philippines. or other Occupied areas. "Protection of religious work is our fundamental policy," the Tokyo Information Board spokesman is quoted as having said. Not until May of the same year, however, were overt steps taken to extend that "protection." At that time all religious bodies and missionary societies were informed that they must register. A report in the NEWS of June 17, 1942, stated that 71 religious organizations had by that date complied with the in- struction, and that all 71 had been granted permission to carry on their activi- ties. "If any of the bodies," the article concluded, "which have been granted permission to continue are found to be acting contrary to the interests of the Government, they will be suppressed immediately." The final pay-off in this gracious policy of "non-interference" came in February, 1943. A broadcast from Tokyo dated February 26 reported: "In order to cooperate more closely with the Japanese Christian 18 different Protestant sects in Hong Kong will be united under the Hong Kong Christian Sect. The inauguration ceremony is scheduled to be held on February 27, with the representatives of all the different sects attending. There are about 20,000 Christians who belong to 82 different churches in Hong Kong." organization, EE 4, Amusements. a. The Pool Halls. Reference has been made earlier to the extent to which the Chinese took up gambling as a pastime after the surrender of the city: the only rivals to that delightful euphemism "Pawn the Jewel" were the pool hall They were opened early in the morning and were crowded all day for many monti of the occupation. wn wm I << : b. The Movies. A circumstance which made the moving-picture so effect] 1 a vehicle for propaganda was that it too seemed to share in the patronage th the mood of the populace brought to all places of amusement. Nor did this craze seem to wear off, as did that for pool: they are wpackin' 'em in" still, i Hong Kong as in Washington, with the same long patient lines.” © Perhaps to take some of the money that the people the Japanese authorities reopened the H d with the required number of obsequl Oo © c. The Races. intent upon spending on gambling, Kong Race Club, with proper ceremony an can wo — *» American films are shown onl not admitted. y at the Japanese officers' Club on Bonham Road, non-member D ty ns go co Oo = - 101 - quislings bowing to each other not too far i b : ] in the background. ith comitice Nas organised, the First meeting bong held on Apri 25 and yaoi toons oo) Dynes register their ponies; those unregistered were s 14 thers oo a Sor ridiculously low prices; ** all names had to be cha : d reiting Woe light ae first meeting was not heavily attended an CE a of Full b aoRaoly becouse the public was expected to "put up" hg ge GOAeE. Worth Cnty B hp 0 accept whatever dividends they might win in the El lonumice Was eh alf their face value at best. At subsequent meetings pve possed from BH er, and by Fall it was clear that whatever el a om Hong Kong, it would still have its races So nig d. South China Athleti i etic Association. O sport was {= + Une of the “papas” oh He van, Long the President of the South oe Abie Tong 1071 at exercise was essential f . Chinese Co- ; ) or health, and he i Ad SpsraLty Council the desirability of reviving re ee A Pe hasiasn 4 3 fnitintiee was doubtless sincere, but it was weloosed wits or. apanese, who are even more ardent baseball fans than the i 4 nN- tonese. Wi i ith their help and to a certain extent under their supervision, the MWe A m g ’ ese military units had their : own t : sport in the Colony. eams, and baseball again became a popular racing ¥ C Several n . ; . 15 00 some 1T Ww rices loser t Nell pre- 3 o . n n Pearl Harbor" valuations. HASNT A { 3 4 i 1 a ——_., ye Im a RRR Ba Baa CE a dah EE ES SR - 102 = : IV. THINGS AS THEY ARE. A. Japanese Objectives. The rulers of Japan, those among her people who com- 1. In_the World. they have always been, the pletely represent her spirit and her aims, are now as . . . . : = ¥ " ses. Their religion is Wu Shih Tao (5 + 23 ) » the Way of the Warrior," which they call "Bushido," and which they have built upon a forgotten phase of the Chinese philosophy of the latter days of the Chou Dynasty, some five hundred years B.C., in the period of the Warring States. For the Chinese the phrase connoted a code of behavior for the soldier, for the Japanese it is a way of life. The followers of Bushido cannot but be steeped in their twisted interpretation of the history of the times out of which their law has come, and they visualize the present world in terms of the struggle for hegemony among the many independent and powerful Chinese states who then thought that they were the world. For five hundred years there was a conscious struggle by war and diplomacy among those states, each seeking to secure sufficient power to reduce all the others. The poverty-stricken, half-barbarian state of Ch'in finally accomplished this in China: Japan now seeks, by the reduction of the states closest at hand, and by force or by wile, as best fits her purpose, to place herself in the most favorable position possible for that coming struggle for ultimate hegemony between the world's great states which the analogy of ancient Asiatic history presents as inevitable. military clas 2. In Asia. She had then to conquer Asia, and enlist its unnumbered multitudes to her cause. A wonderful rallying cry had been put ready-made into her hands, and the reading of the classic history of China had taught her to wait her time. It has come, and she is already well on the way to the accon- plishment of this first vital stage of her program. It is against this background that we must assess the because in that city, as elsewhere in Asia, every every move must serve both the immediate objective The general plan and the actual steps taken by the learest conclusions as to the Empire's 3. In Hong Kong. aims of Japan in Hong Kong, step must fit the program, and the long-range plan. Japanese in Hong Kong alike point to the ¢ aims in the erstwhile British colony. They are: first, defense, 2a primary essential to which everything else has peen subordinated; second, to exploit to the limit Hong Kong's potential con- tribution to the prosecution of the war; third, to assimilate the colony polit- jcally into the Japanese Empire and economically into a pan-Asian system con- trolled by Japan; and fourth, to employ it as a base from which to activate other areas of Asia, hastening the time when they too will be assimilated. B. Techniques. 1. The Withdrawal of Security. city, it was -- as we have seen -—— necessary populace to the aims set for them. The chaos, the murder, the rape, the OTE of looting, the withdrawal of all Over and above the actual capture of the to procure the accession of the sanctions and the disappearance of any sense - 103 - wn ve , need never have happened, s : ; , Save it Lively hat end. had been regarded as a means to procure pre- 2. Access. a... Th i sueralon be Sm of Independent Strength. Of a piece with thi ton : : V e steps taken to d : yiia tus influential men ; reduce the wealt ne the flesh and mind of Asia today as tomorrow they may well consume the West * They are not new. TP Wo-thirds h ; irds of the Colony's imports came from areas now controlled -$ EZ ~ A alysi : 1 rs ean RB analysis of Hong Kong's trade for the first six months of the years 37, 8 and '39 indicates that, contrary to the generally accepted impression hly ccepted impression, roughly I ne } lled by Japan; this would “2 : g ng was tending to become more and more an interport for Asiatic trade I than 1 } 1 whit y 1 Ei a i i a funnel through which Western goods were exchanged for those of Chin : ged thos f China. i eo i St i ME A a on ee ol PE i i as —— a—— PPENDIX A > —— LIST OF ENCLOSURES All but the first four of the following list of enclosures represent proclamations, notices, or press releases of the Japanese Military Government of Hong Kong or of organs having an official or seml-official relation to it or controlled by it. Every such document the text of which appeared in the HONG KONG NEWS from the first publication of that paper on January 1, 1942 up to the day of the GRIPSHOLM's sailing from Stanley Bay on June 30 of the same year has been included. Several important orders which are known to have been issued are lacking, and, on the other hand, for the sake of the completeness of the file, some have been included that will only be of interest to specialists in the particular field affected. The biographical material in the first enclosure ls based upon data published in the 1940 and '4l editions of the HONG KONG LIST, * supplemented by such notices as appeared in the Japanese-controlled English-language press after the capture of the Colony. The second, third, and fourth enclosures are in the nature of exhibits; Enclosure No. 5 is the first of the list of official documents, the others following it chronologically in the order of the date of issuance or publication, as the cas may be. *¥ Copies of which were kindly loaned to the writer by Vice Consul Robert C.Coudray for use in this study. AS eee RS RR . & 8 EB 10 11 12 -8 Enclosure List of Persons Prominently Associated with the Japanese in Hong Kong Letter from a Mr. Gimson to the Japanese Colonel in Charge Speech of Lieutenant General Takashi Sakai to the leaders of the Chinese community in Hong Kong Editorial in the HONG KONG NEWS entitled "Defence of Hong Kong" believed to reflect the Chinese reaction to the British defeat Proclamation of the Commander-in-Chief of the Army of Great Nippon listing crimes and their punishment under martial law Statement in the press entitled "Assurance to Population —- Protection of Lives and Property" Notice of the Civil Department of the Japanese Army requesting Chinese Civil Servants tc resume their functions as soon as possible. Water Supply Notice issued by the Civil Department of the Japanese Army, warning against wastage while repairs are being effected Notice issued by the Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Army that circulation of big notes is for the time being permitted. Notice issued by the Commander of the Imperial Gendarmerie to alien nationals requiring them to present themselves at the Foreign Affairs Section to obtain Movement Certificates Notice of the Gendarmerie to alien nationals in Kowloon similar to the above Notice issued by the Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Army permitting a limited withdrawal by depositors from named banks December 28, 1941 January 12, 1942 January 14, 1942 December 25, 1941 January 2, 1942 January 1, 1942 January 1, 1942 January 14, 1942 January 16, 1942 January 19, 1942 January 27, 1942 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 R3 24 25 26 “Bin Enclosure Notice to Third Nationals requiring them to report new addresses Notice of the Japanese Army Economic Bureau itprins banks permitted to resume business. and stating amounts permitted t i n ) ob - drawn Biss Notice of the Japanese Economic Department listing numbers of safe deposit boxes in named banks which are to be opened Imperial Army Notice forbidding the firing of firecrackers Notice of the Acting Japanese Consul General stating that the Consulate General is be ing closed Irder of the Day of Lt. General Isogai, Wise Consel to the People of Hong Kong" Hong Kong Government Notice No. 5, setting the hour of Curfew at 11:00 P.M. Public Health Notice ordering the institu tion of a Cleansing Campaign Hong Kong Government Notice No. 6 requiring the return of arm bands Hong Kong Government Notice No. 7 warning that persons falsely assuming military uniforms will be severely punished Hong Kong Government Notice No. 8, "So that the people may understand what conduct is treated as an offense under Military Law" Hong Kon vernment Noti ng Kong Government Notice No. 9, announce- 1t 0 t ing the establishment of a Court of Justice Wanchai District Bureau Notice ordering the cleansing of private homes Public Health Notice instituting a cleansing campaign Date February 4, 1942 February 6, 1942 February 7, 1942 February 11, 1942 February 21, 1942 ary 20, March 8, 1942 March 8, 1942 March 9, 1942 March 10, 1942 March 10, 1942 March 10, 1942 March 11, 1942 March 14, 1942 SE Bd I, Er -4- Enclosure Hong Kong Government Notice No. 10 extending permission to depositors in listed banks to withdraw up to HK$150. Hong Kong Government Notice No. 11 permitting the withdrawal from the Kowloon Branch of the Hong Kong Shanghai Bank of HK$R00 Hong Kong Government Notice No. 12 requiring persons having motor cars to apply to the Land Communications Section Public Notification of the Hong Kong Govern- ment requiring owners of vehicles to apply for permission to continue to use them Governor's Order No. 9, "Laws for the Rule of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong" Hong Kong Government Public Notification No. 2 requiring holders of Third National Certificates to apply for extensions Hong Kong Government Public Notification No. 5 naming countries to which mail will be accepted Hong Kong Government, Governor's Order No. 11; "Regulations of the Chinese Co- operative Council” Governor's Order No. 12 revising postal charges Official statement to the Press, setting forth the aims underlying the laws pro- mulgated by the Governor on March 28 Hong Kong Government Public Notification No. 6 requiring Third Nationals to pro- cure new certificates Hong Kong Government Public Notice No. 7 naming banks to be liquidated Hong Kong Government Public Notification No. 13 releasing safe deposit boxes in listed banks Notice requiring Norwegians to report to the Foreign Affairs Section Date March 16, 1942 March 22, 1942 March 25, 1942 March 29, March 26, March 30, March 28, March 31, March 31, March 30, April 7, April 7, April 11 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 , 1942 =5a Enclosure Notice of the Bank of Taiwan listi C isting b which it will liquidate Evans Notice of the Yokohama Specie Bank, as above : Hong Kong Government, Governor's Order No. 13, establishing bureaus to govern the captured territory Hong Kong Government Governor's Order No. 14, determining the areas to be governed by the respective bureaus Hong Kong Government Public Notification No. 10 -— requiring the registration of religious bodies Hong kong Government, Governor's Order No. 15, "Regulations for Private Classes in the Nipponese Language" Public Notification No. 12, listing the new name of streets and roads in the captured territory Hong Kong Government, Public Notification No. 13, extends free service in filling of forms required by Order No. 9 Hong Kong Government, Governor's Order No. 18, limiting postal matter Hong Kong Government, Public Notification No. 15, concerning opening of private schools and kindergartens Public Notification No. 14, opening letter boxes Statement of the Education Department Public Notification No. 16, announcing the opening of branch Postoffices Public Notification No. 17, limiting Race Neetings to the Hong Kong Race Club Hong Kong Government Public Notification No. 18, giving form for application for teachers Date April 11, April 11, April 16, April 16, April 16, April 16, April 17, April 20, April 20, April 20, April 21, April 20, April 21, April 22, 1942 1942 1942 1942 a SE as EH I ET FARE Ei I CE 56 S57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 €6 e7 €8 €9 70 Tl 72 -B = Enclosure Hong Kong Covt. Fublic Notification No. 19 semoving the Cable Office Race Club Announcement Requirements for those leaving Hong Kong Hong Kong Covt. Governor's Order No. iy Telephone Regulations for the Capture Territory of Hong Kong Race Club Announcement Pesuesting inet owners claim their ponies; unclaime ponies to be auctioned Notice of the Yokohama Specie Bank setting release date on safe deposit articles Hong Kong Fublic Notification No. 20 forbidding movement, purchase or sale of certain commodities Hong Kong Covt. Fublic Notice No. 14 re Bank of East Asia Fublic Notification No. 22, requiring registration of telephones Notice of the Bank of Taiwan re with- drawals etc. from listed banks i€ oti as above Yokohama Specie Bank Notice, Governor's Order No. 20, "Regulations of the Analytical Laboratory of the Office of the Governor" : it Box Bank of Taiwan Notice re safe deposit bo release dates Public Notification No. 23, fees for operation of rickshaws t Public Notification No. ”4, Banks added to list of those to be liquidated Public Notification No. 25, stating that there is nothing to prevent persons Soe owning damaged houses from repairing the Yokohama Specie Bank Notice extending time limits for payments Date April 23, 1942 April 25, 1942 April 29, 1942 April 28, 1942 April 30, 1942 May 6, 1942 May 12, 1942 May 12, 1942 Nay 14, 1942 May 14, 1942 May 11, 1942 May 17, 1942 lay 18, 1942 May 20, 1942 May 23, 1942 May 24, 1942 73 74 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 -a No. Enclosure Notices in re the liquidation of enemy banks Public Notification No. 26, stating penalties for the violation of Governor's Order No. 21 Supplement to Governor's Order No. 21 "Regulations for Police Punishments" Hong Kong Govt. Public Notification No. 27, stating that the documents required under Governor's Order No. 9 Item 21, paragraph 2, need not now be attached to the applica- tion Public Notification No. 28, noting certain changes in the handling of mail Hong Kong Govt. Public Notification No. 29 naming hospitals controlled by the Office of the Governor and stating their special services Hong Kong Govt. Public Notification No. 30, designating the places where sea bathing is allowed Public Notice enumerating conditions under which articles deposited with the Canton branches of stated banks will be returned to their owners Notice giving dates on which articles held in safe custody by the Kowloon branch of the Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation will be released Notice of the Bank of Taiwan stating that it is undertaking the liquidation of the Credit Foncier Hong Kong Govt. Governor's Order No. 26 setting forth the regulations enacted for the censorship of moving picture films Hong Kong Govt. Public Notification No. 31, establishing a Hong Kong Cinema Cooperative Hong Kong Govt. Public Notification No. 32, regulations governing typhoon signals Date May 26, 1942 May 30, 1942 May 31, 1942 June 1, 1942 May 30, 1942 June 3, 1942 June 3, 1942 June 5, 1942 June 6, 1942 June 6, 1942 June 5, 1942 June 8, 1942 June 10, 1942 SH Se CRITE hdl ARR 3 L i i oe Enclosure Date Hong Kong Govt. Public Notification No. 33, June 10, 1942 Setting forth the typhoon refuges to which shipping is instructed to go when typhoon warnings are issued. Notice of the Bank of Taiwan giving certain June 12, information concerning the liquidation of stated banks, with time when payments will start, etc. Notice of the Yokohama Specie Bank, June 12, jdentical with the above, covering banks which it is liquidating Hong Kong Govt. Public Notification No. 32, June 12K, setting forth and explaining the typhoon signals Hong Kong Govt. Public Notification No. 36, June 20, requiring all those who wish to practice medicine or dentistry in the Captured Territory to secure permission to do so Hong Kong Govt. Public Notification No. 37, June 20, setting forth alterations in the method of writing mail addresses Public Notice of the purchase of police dogs June 25, by the Governor's office of the occupied territory of Hong Kong Hong Kong Government, Fublic Notice No. 14, June 25, concerning the removal of persons inhabiting the areas at Kai Tak Airfield where the air- field is to be expanded Hong Kong Government -— Instructions issued June 27, to restaurants, containing 14 rules of sani- tation Statement issued by the Acting Chief of the June 28, Public Works Department to enable Chinese and Third Nationals working under him to understand the true policy of the Government 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 -'S - Enclosure No. 1 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hongkong under Japanese Occupation." Persons Prominently Associated with the Japanese in Hongkong ATIENZA, Dr. V. N. General Medical practitioner; Committee, Craigen- gower Cricket Club (HKN Hong List '41); scheduled as tagalog speaker at welcome to Lt. Gen. Rensuke Isogai, Jap. Governor of Hongkong. (HKN Feb. 17 '42). President cf Filipino Ass'n; gave address of welcome on behalf of Filipine community at welcoming ceremonies to Isogai (HKNews Feb. 26 '42) Lim-Pak Board of Directors, China Emporium Limited (Hong List '41); one-time Chairman of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce in Canton; arrested during the siege of Hongkong by the British authorities on suspicion of fifth-column activities directed at seizure of Hongkong; April 17, appointed member of Chinese Representative Council, bringing number of members to total of four (HKNews April 18 '42); Chan's in- fluence believed to rest on his connection with the Chinese underworld in Hongkong. Pok Member of the staff (editor?) of the Canton CHUNG SHAN YAT PO, and spokesman for the party of pressmen brought from Canton to Hongkong on a visit in April, '42 (HKNews April 24 '42). CHEUNG Koo-shan Permanent official, East Asia Cultural Ass'n; elected at first executive meeting of the Ass'n on Feb. R23, '42 (HKNews Feb. 24, 42). I Sg ee oT EL Ee UA TE PRE CE ao seo RRB CHEUNG Suk-shun Member, Executive Committee (of 5) SE ine Chinese Bankers Association formed under Japane (HKNews April 12 42). CHOW Honorable Sir Shouson, Kt., C.N.G. Unofficial Justice of the Peace; Lidl tainment & Land Investment Company, Sig I Ltd.: Director, Hongkong Telephone Os il Tr AYE Ltd.; Hongkong Electric Co., 3 ue anon Co., Ltd.; Chairman, Ba rim iki A 0116 Council, St. Paul's Girls' Co ege; jon. : : Ue Benevolent Society; patron ow Club; vice-patron, St. John Ambulance Asso South China Athletic Association. (Hong List, ident, © Lat ! he of the Hongkong Rehabilitation Advisory i i's); dissolution of that body : mi e (Eongkong News); upon : ire ee March 28 '42 of two Councils, became Ch man of the Chinese Co-operative Council. CHUNG Wai-fun I : - ticle Assistant Police Commissioner (HKN March 5 '42 arti on garbage dumpers). CHUNG Yung Official in charge of the District Bureau at Mongkok, VIX a 1 Kowloon (HKN Feb. © 42). FUNG Ho | Official in charge of the District Bureau at Yaumati, Kowloon. (HKN Feb. 6 '42). GIDUMAL, 0., K. HINDU ASSOCIATION to be held : tin of " Special general meeting advertised in papers of March at his offices March 15, 1242, 14 '42 (HKNews). GILL, B. S. S Secretary, India Independence League of Hongkong (HKNew Feb. 23 '42). -1] - HO Kom Tong 0.B.E., Kt. of Grace, Ven. Order of St. John of Jerusalem Silver Donat Badge, St. John Ambulance Association and Brigade; director, Hongkong & Canton Ice Manufacturing Company, Ltd. (Hong List, 1841); Appointed Chairman, Sub- committee on Arrangements for Celebration fall of Singapore (Hongkong News, Feb. 11, 1842). Chairman of the Stewards of the re-opened H. K. race course (FKNews Feb. 27 '42) HO T'UNG, Sir Robert Principal, Sir Robert Ho Tung; director, Green Island Cenent Co., Ltd.; Hongkong Telephone Co., Ltd.; Hongkong & Shanghai Hotels, Ltd.; Hongkong Rope Manufacturing Co., Ltd.; Hongkong Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd.; Hongkong, Canton & Macao Steamship Co., Ltd.; China Provident Loan & Mortgage Co., Ltd.; Hon. Vice President, Hongkong University Union; and Consulting Committee Douglas Steamship Co., Ltd. (EK Hong List, '41); gave interview promising complete co- operation with the Japanese in the reconstruction of Hongkong (FKNews, March 29, '42) article alleged that he was received by Governor Isogai, and made same statements to him. IP Kui-ying Life Agent, International Assurance Co., Ltd., (HK Hong List '4l); member Racing Committee of Hongkong Jockey Club as reformed by the Japanese (EK News, March 7, '43) . IP Lan Chuen J. P., director, H. K. Commercial Institute; Vice-Chair- man, Sub-committee on Arrangements for Celebration fall of Singapore, (H. K. News, Feb. 11, 1942). KHAN, Dost Mohammed Staff, Medical Department; hon., treas., Indian Muslin ~ociety (Hong List '41); Chairman, India Independence League (object: to enlist all able-bodied Indians here to prepare them for the struggle towards independence). (HKNews Feb. RS '42); speech of welcome on behalf of Indians at welcoming ceremonies to Gov. Isogai on Feb. 25 '42 (HKNews Feb. 26 '42) appeal to all Indians everywhere to "break the chains of sub- Jugation" and sacrifice themselves to gain India's freedom (HKN March § '42); proceeded to Japan to discuss Indian political problems with Mr. Rash Behari Bose, leader of Indian inde- pendence movement in Japan (HKNews, March 20 '42) -- to attend meeting of 700 in all at Ueno Park in Tokyo on March 20 at which Hiroto urged Indians "Not to lose this golden oppor- tunity for independence which has been offered them by the Japanese Government"; party for Bose, attended by many ranking Japanese —- (?) (HKNews March 23 '42) . ’ 2 x to Hl Hq #H go] i = ; | & 5 # “ Te 4 Es a i pe = a A 0 af x 5 i 3 = | KONG Kai-tung KONG Welcomed Colonel Nishigawa, Chief of the Hong Press Pureau on behalf of the Press of Hongkong at party at Kin Kwok Restaurant March 22 '42 (HKNews March 23. 142); had cerved as Member, Committee on Preparations for Celebration Fall of Singapore (HKNews Feb. 13 '42); toastmaster and repre- sentative of Hongkong pressmen at welcome in Kin Kwok Restaurant to visiting Chinese (under Jap. auspices) from Canton (HKNews April 24 42). Po-tin Permanent Officer of East Asia Cultural Ass'n: elected at first executive meeting of Ass'n. held on Feb. 23 '42 (FKNews Feb. 24 '42). KOTEWALL The Honorable Sir Robert, KT., C.M.G., LL.D. Principal, R. H. Kotewall & Co.; unofficial member, Executive Council; Managing Director, Wo Shing Co., Ltd.; merber of the Council of the University of Hongkong; Director, China Provident Loan & Mortgage Co., Ltd.; member, Economics Society; vice-patron, St. Johns Ambulance Association and I President, Chung Sing Benevolent Society; atron, Hongkong Chinese Recreation Club; vice president, hildren's Playgrounds Association; Hon. President, South China Athletic Association; Chairman, St. Paul's College; Hon. Vice-President, Hongkong University Union; patron, Diocesan School 01d Boys' Association; and President, Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (Hong List 1041); Chairman of the Hongkong Rehabilitation Advisory Com- mittee (Hongkong News); gave principal address of welcome at ceremonies welcoming arrival of Governor Isogai on Feb. 295; acted as master of ceremonies, led cheers, and gave closing speech (HEKNews Feb. 26 '42); with dissolution of Rehab. Adv. Committee, became Chairman of three-man Chinese Representative Council (HKN, April 1 "42). Brigade; Hon. F C 1 “ KRISENA, K. Managing Proprietor, H. K. United Trading Co. (HK Hong List, '4l); signed advertisement of meeting HINDU ASSOCIATION in offices of 0. K. Gidumal, to be held March 15, 1942 (HKNews, March 14, '42). KRISHNA, Nava Indian, writer of letter pub. in HKNews Feb. 20, '42, fall of Singapore ''means a new day is dawning for us, as the road to our independence is clearing..". (Only KRISHNA listed in Hong Book is KRISHNA K.,managing Proprietor, H.K.United Trading Co.) -13 - KRISHNA, P. A. Secretary, India Ind Feb. 23 '42). ependence League of Hongkong (HKNews KWOK, Chuen n Bho whining hs Chamber of Commerce for Foreign Goods eld on January 21, 1942 to "Dj of Business" in Hongk > "Discuss Development gkong called by Chief of E : : of the Civil Administration d So 321 Ssouien : hg epartment and at whi - sentative of military authorities was present. he KWOK Chun-shing Head of the Sanitary Secti on ; Bureau (HKN Feb. 15 '42). of the Central District LAM Kin Yau Member, Comm. on Pre i i ’ ' parations Celeb Singapore (HKN Feb. 13 '42), ebration fall of LAU Tit-shing rebate ty Hongkong Rehabilitation Advisory Committee, Wigs 3s aDiness Returned Students' Assn. "Fall Sl P e will be of great benefit to overseas Chinese... in as encouraged Japan and China to slaughter each Svher. hoping They she could profit by their wounds to : 51 em up both at once... We must fight ther in Burma with the ferocity of animals... Our method i Br totality of our Chinese forces to the 35 ey * 4 ha together." (EKNews Feb. 17, '41); when I es hee Smioses dissolved with appointment of two ra ik os % a aa Chinese Representative Council (HKN | gprs ; halrman, Japanese-organized Hongkong Chinese ankers' Association (HKNews April 12 '42). LEE Lan Sum Official in charge of the Di : istri a Kowloon (HKN Feb. 6, '42). rict Bureau at Honghom, LEUNG Fu-cho Member, Committee on Pr : : eparations Cel : p Singapore (HKN Feb. 13, '42). slebration fall of LEUNG Kai Official in charge of th i Di e Ts : Kowloon (HKN Feb. 6, '42). imshatsui District Bureau, ) SD SRR RRR Si RET RE _ A PI A RR eae Si SEN i i - 5 ARNG SEE SE LI Chung Po Manager, Sui Shing Co. (HONG LIST) Member of Committee. (HKN) . LI King-hong sentative on the Chinese Co-operative in Hongkong with on April 4, Education repre Council; discussed revival of education Mr. NAGAO, Chief of the Education Department, 142 (HKN April 11, '42). LI, Koon Chun (given name also spelled Koon Chung) Director, Bank of East Asia, Ltd. (Hong List); Member of Rehabilitation Advisory Committee (HKN); Vice Chairman, Chinese Co-operative Council, created March 28, 1242 (HKN April 3, '42). LI, Tse Fong Unofficial Justice of the Peace; manager, Bank of East 48 Asia, Ltd.; Director, Hongkong, Canton & Macao Steamboat Co., Ltd.; Green Island Cement Co., Ltd.; China Emporium, i | Ltd.; China Underwriters, Ltd.; China Provident Loan & Mortgage Co., Ltd.; Deputy Chairman, Macao Jockey Club; Acting Unofficial Member, Legislative Council; Hon. Treasurer, (Hong List, 1941) Member of Com- St. Paul's Girls' College. mittee. (HKN) —- Rehabilitation Advisory Committee —- and on its dissolution (March 31 '42) became one of three members '42); Vice I ——— of Chinese Representative Council HKNews April 1, Chairman of Jap. organized EK Chinese Bankers Ass'n. (HKNews, April 12, '42). LI Yiu Cheung Member, Comm. of Preparations Celebration fall of Singa- '42) pore (HKN, Feb. 13, 42 . LI Tung Ra — Bank of East Asia, Ltd. (HL '4l) Member Chief Accountant, (HKN Committee on Preparations Celebration fall of Singapore Feb. 13, '42). a LN LING Hong Fat the Hongkong & Kowloon General Labor after the fall of Hongkong; 62 member (HKN ews April 17 Chief Executive, Ro Association organized ] organizations in Hongkong & 85 in Kowloon 42). LO Honorable Mr. M. K. (Man-Kam) Sidi ‘ asain 3 pelary public, Lo & Lo; Director Hongkong Shan iotels, ., Hongkong Canton & M at ogg Rg Macao Steamboat Co., ; er Co., Ltd.; Hon. member, H : Oo ’ : . m , Hongkon University Law & Commerce Society; Vice President os Prone of the English Association; unofficial member nie Pin Council; Hon. Legal Adviser, New Territories pati. A Association of Hongkong; Vice-Patron, St. John nbulance Association; Hon. Vice President, Hongkong Uni- Versi og Chung Sing Benevolent Society; Hongkong Foot £50C. ong List, 1241) M : 190 es ) Member of Rehab. Advisory Com- LO Yuk-tong Compradore, Mercantile B i re, M ank of India, Ltd., managin Siryotor, Pamully Co., Ltd. (Hong List '4l); member mittee on Preparations for celebrati all : oe al ation of fall of Singapore LUK Tan-lam Permanent official, East Asia Cultural Ass'n; elected at first executive meeting of Ass'n. held on Feb "23 ap (EKNews, Feb. 24 '42). am LUKE Oi-wan . Chinese Representative, New Zealand Insurance Co Ltd. : College Council, St. Paul's Girls" College; President 3 ot Caine Athletic Ass'n. (HL '4l); Member, Committee rn tions Celebration fall of Singapore (HKN Feb. 13 orbs ferred to as "Chairman" of SCAA (HKN April 10 '42) igo co-operate with Japanese in revival of sports ty MA Kiam Vice Chairman, East Asia Cultural Ass'n; elected at first executive meeting of Ass'n. held on Feb. 23, '42 (HKNews shi pee, = ge Sad CHOI -- literary name or familiar nate) Mi. A., Lecturer, Chinese literature, Universi En (Hong List, 41). ’ lversity of Hongkong MA San A Member, Committee on Pre ; : parations Celebrs fz of Singapore (HKN Feb. 13, '42). Soration fall o MA Ying Represented the Rice Importers' Association at meeti: held on January 21, 1942 to "discuss development of Lida " in Hongkong called by Chief of Economic Section of the iy Administration Department and at which representative = i tary authorities was present. : oF Hiv RN nna ay RES | i] ] 4 4 Ee 8 i se ir ¥ AER I ER wr AER EE, Sy SRT RA CS SR RE EE RR, MALIK, R. cne of the leaders of the India Independence League (HKN March 5 '42 —— picture addressing group) . MELWANI, F. T. Secretary of the Sind Merchants' Assn. A IAs H.K. very grateful for the good treatment wie] J as the Japanese..... Congress would cooperate " a in establishment of new order." {H.K. News, ’ Member, Indian Assn. of H.K. & S. (Hong List, )- NG Wah Member, Comm. on Preparations Celebration fall of Singa- pore (HKN Feb. 13 42). NG Yee-kong Official in Charge of the District Bureau at Shamshipo (HKN Feb. 6, '42). OMAR, 0. M. Private Secretary, China Coast Traders, Ltd. {ifong Liss '41); speaker at meeting of India Independence League, y 3, '42 (HKNews Nay 4, 42). PAN, S. H. Member, Racing Committee of Hongkong Jockey Club formed by Japanese (HKNews, March 7, '42). PANG Yuk Lan Title not stated —— reports of different matters mas by Kowloon District Bureaus to go through HS Sofie at form Health Centre on Nathan Road (HKN, Feb. 6, ). PARDESI, G. S. Member, Managing Committee of the Happy Valley SI Temple; appealed to all employers to Mir Sipe re S i tion of the Basa remony April 11 in celebra J : ke pay By respects to many hundreds who i Amritsar Massacre on April 13, 1919; free food to be (HKN April 10, '42). PARWANI, Hundraj M. Author of long letter attacking Britain in India and urging Indians to pray for liberation at the hands of "our friendly ally Japan" (HKNews March 22, '42); presided over meeting of Indian community in memorial to four members of India Independence League who were killed in plane crash on March 3 on their way to conference in Tokyo (HKN April 5, '42); broadcast appeal to fellow Indians in India to not be "beguiled and trapped by Sir Stafford Cripps' mission" and to have the "courage and wisdom to act now" in receiving the "Goddess of Liberty" knocking at their door. (HKN April 10, '42); broad- cast an appeal in Sindhi to the people of his native province urging them to revolt; to arm themselves and await the appear- ance of an Indian Army on the borders of India coming to liberate them; -- May 17, '42 (HKN May 18, '42) . PIH, H. OC, Member, Racing Committee of the Hongkong Jockey Club as reformed by the Japanese (HKNews March 7, '42) . POON Shunt-um Member, Executive Committee (of 5) of Hongkong Chinese Bankers' Association formed under Japanese auspices. SAMY, A. R. M. Chief Meter Inspector, China Light & Power Co., Ltd. ; committee, Hongkong Muslim Mutual Aid Society (Hong List '41); chairman of meeting of India Independence League held at the Dina House May 3, '42 (HKNews, May 4, '42) . SHARMA, P. N. Speaker at memorial meeting held in Hongkong April 4, at which Indian community was largely represented, for four Singapore representatives of India Independence who crashed between Shanghai and Japan. Author of bitter anti-British article in HKNews April 21, '42, "INDIA MUST REVOLT -- Passive Resistance now ripe for armed action." SIN, Peter H. Solicitor, principal, P. H. Sin & Co.; vice-president, Chung Shing Institute of Commerce; committee, Diocesan School Old Boys' Association; vice-patron, St. John's Ambulance Brigade; and Director, Y's Men's Club of Hongkong. (Hong List, 1941); Appointed chairman of the District Affairs Bureau and concurrently head of the Central District by Japanese military authorities on or about January 21, 1942 (HKN). : % YE SRE EE bn RE SR RE AES SINGH, H. Signature appearing under letter published in HKNews March 5, '42, attacking British; another letter in same vein published April 12, 142 in EKNews signed "HUKAM SINGH." TAI Yeuk Lan Official in charge of the District Bureau at Kowloon City (HKN Feb. 6, '42). TAM, Honorable Mr. W. N. T. (Nga-shi == check identity) Unofficial member, Legislative Council; Hon. Member, Economics Society; Vice-President, Children's Playgrounds Association; Hon. President, South China Athletic Association (Hong List, '41); Member of Rehabilitation Advisory Committee (HKN) . TANG, Yat-yan Represented the Overseas Chinese Bank at meeting held on January 21, 1942 to "Discuss Development of Business" in Hongkong called by Chief of Economic Section of the Civil Administration Department and at which representative of military authorities was present. TONG, Ching Kan Head of Kowloon Markets Bureau which undertook under Japanese supervision to re-open Kowloon markets in Feb., 1242. (HKNews, Feb. 9, 1942). 1941 Hong List shows C. K. Tong to be teacher in St. Joseph's College, 7 Kennedy Road, H. K. TONG, Ping-tat Represented the Nam Pak Hong merchant houses, at meeting held on January 21, 1242 to "Discuss Development of Business" in Hongkong called by Chief of Economic Section of the Civil Administration department and at which representative of military authorities was present. TSE-Kapo J. P., Director, Hongkong Commercial Institute (Hong List '41); member, Committee on Preparations for Celebration fall of Singapore (H. K. News, Feb. 13, 42). - 19 - TSENG Kwong-kung : Permanent official, Fast Asia Cultural Ass'n, elected at first executive meeting of Ass'n. held on F b. 23 (HKNews Feb. 24, '42). eb. 23, '42 IUNG, Chung-wei (last character also t.anslite.ated Wai) Treasurer, Chinese Chamber 3 ’ 10 of Com 16 5 \ ro: Member of Committee. (HKN). merce. (Hong List) Represented Chinese Chamber of Commerce at meeting held on January 21, 1942 to "discuss a meus hang Hongkong called by Chief of Economic Section oh aac. *h Administration Department and at which ai, Tvl) oo tary authorities was present. Chairman 3 E Siar be Bile change opened Feb. 19, '42 (HKN Feb. "vy in Silver Ex- VASWANI, D. W. President of the Indian Silk M La ll ilk ve hant' aanciat iar (HKN April 18, '42). Sranont’s Assselation WALLER, P. A. i Staff, BENJAMIN & POTTS, Stock & Share Brokers. Sto Exchange Building (HL '41); WALLER, F. A. presents H ag? A to Japanese wounded with deep thanks for whhuiaipnere $300 us from the yoke of the white people who ia resins domination for over a century." (HKN Feb. 14 ih er their WAN, Shiu-ying Memb 1v] er of the staff of the Civil Administration Department: replied to farewell speech of S. Sometani, Head of Hongkon Bureau of the Civil Administration Department Feb. 21 it Gloucester Hotel (HKN Feb. 22, 142) Feb. 21 at WEI, Peter Member of the Racing Committee of the Hongkong Jockey Club as reformed by the Japanese (HKNews, March 7, 42) WONG, Chak-lau Graduate in first class of Japanese normal school held in St. Paul's Girls School; spoke in Japanese 3 Bonar of the students in the class at the ton Sorenorias. o ti that they were determined to "surmount all difficulties Pane helping to create a Greater East Asia Sphere. ord cat # road to this goal with confidence." (HKN April ; He) f ERC IE PE ROE WONG, Peter M. Author of "The Question of Colour -- British Snobbery Enclosure No. 2 to report dated June 1, 1943 that pasheoyad an Empire" in HKNews, February 17, 1942; on the subject of "Hong Kong under Tanase CHEER of "Japan's Contribution to the Development of Manchukuo (HKNews March 8 and 9, '42). WONG, Tak Kwong Chinese Representative (Compradore) of yes for CIBA (China) Ltd., (Representing Society of Chemical Industry in Basle, Switzerland), importers of aniline dyes, art, Letter From. A Mr. Ginson oft o textile chemicals and pharmaceutical products. (Hong : py 1941) Member of Rehabilitation Advisory Committee. (HKN) (One-Time Colonial Secretary of The Hong Kong Government) | To The WONG, Tung Ming, Dr., (MD) President, Japanese-Chinese Medical Ass'n. (HKNews Mar. Colonel in Charge 1, 42). YEUNG, Ngok Fai Member, Committee on Preparations for the Celebration of Prince's Building the fall of Singapore (HKN February 13, '42). a Hong Kong ; ; 28 December, 1941 § YEUNG, Tsin-Lei . ' : ~ r CWS ils executive meeting of the Ass'n on Feb. I have the honour to inform you that Mr. A. W. Gibson, Petrol '42) . Controller, is in charge of the petrol supplies of the Island and could be of considerable assistance to you in arranging for the conservation YEUNG, Yun-tak and for the distribution of these supplies when necessary. His organi- Member, Executive Committee (of 5) of Hongkong Chinese zation would doubtless be useful to you in securing these objects and HKNews, tip ik oT nese auspices | I suggest that discussion might be valuable with a view 1o cotainin Bankers' Association formed under Japane ausp 5 : 2. 142) the best use of the personnel at his command for the furtherance of April 12, . the scheme he has in view. l am, Sir, (Signed) F. C. Gimson Colonial Secretary Governor's Representative. Colonel Okada, B Japanese Military Headquarters, : Hong Kong. - 22 - ject of Enclosure No. 3 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subjec "Hongkong under Japanese Occupation. THE HONGKONG NEWS January 12, 1942 SPEECH of LIEUTENANT GENERAL TAKASHI SAKAI a ————— To The Leaders of the Chinese Community in Hongkong he currency problem and the tasks of the reopening of the reconstruc- General Sakai spoke of t obi restoring order, the cleansing of the Sy on business. He said he would make every ee tion of Hongkong and Kowloon, and eXpresse ne hops) shay a es I guests present would do their best to cO-—-OperI: i direction. expressed complete the hope that They also of Both Mr. Law Kuk-wo and Mr. Chow Shot-son aie with what General Sakai said, and vo Sg / reality. eace between Japan and China would soon be 22 by Tey Sa to do whatever they could to bring about t normal conditions in Hongkong and Kowloon. agreement " i 1 - 1a 4 see i id: ives me great pleasure 10 S Lieut-General Sakai said: "It gives me g > vanokoneg has been he last 100 years, nougkolg | Fron here to-day. For t td who seized the place 1TON pe oN misguided rule of the British, who $5108 tae pd I hope a You, gentlemen, happened tO ‘orn 2 pa of and exort all rw will all recognize the change that has Gea sheet it may be- ox rence for the reconstruction of Hongkong so thi ou ys a model city for East Asian peace. ££ AO - On Firstly, I hope that all of you will understand the object of co-prosperity for all the races of Great Asia. The brave troops that I lead seized Hongkong and Kowloon in a little over ten days, and have driven out the evil forces of the British. We were not fighting against the Chinese of Hongkong, for whom we have the deepest sympathy. Therefore, in the plan of attack we did not use artillery and large bombs in order to avoid hurting the common people and damaging the city. You, who were then in Hongkong, will surely understand this. Selfish British Aim Secondly, from the corruption of the British Colonial Adminis- tration, you may understand that they only planned for their own profit, and did not care about the life or death of the Chinese people. .t in Hongkong for the last 100 years, should awaken to the fact the in this battle, the British Government used Chinese Vo Canadians and Indians in the front line. The English soldiers were hiding in the hills, and investigation of the casualty lists shows mostly coloured troops with very few snglishmen & them. You can see, therefore, that the English and covet life. and Japanese are of the same people . They are also of t lands of south-east Asia dwell Chinese citizen left their country for a long time, yet they overseas Chinese are your relatives, friends the words I have addressed to you will be transmitted to them, so that they may join in the establishment of a Greater East Asia. both Hongkong and Kowloon have received a considerable o > during the fighting, and this has caused unavoidable 1 make every effort to clear up matters for the re- construction gkong and Kowloon, and to make it a lace whe g p people may resi in pea er But if the Army is unable to make th change in the possible time, I hope you will forgive me; nd I ask all of you to form a local assistance committee to exert 111 your strength to help me, so that we may succeed at an early date. Important Items The following are the most important items that I have to to you about: 1. Order.- With regard to order, this is naturally th 1lity of the Militar then the people may f y Authorities, but if we use too many ind certain inconveniences. -Bl- » ng re- the former Hongkong Chinese Police are bei Se iss ely resume their businesses, or org rds under the direction of the officials. Therefore, employed. All people can saf p i ua their own self-protection g re Thus, all obstruction to order will be removed blood of business. Therefore ed people to deal with this tions will be announced very 5 Currency.- Currency is the it must be settled. I have appoint matter, and the result of the investiga shortly. | are suffering from a lack of small As regards the non-acceptance of for that, but this will be I have heard that the people notes. This will be attended to. e higher currency notes, there is a reason handled later. ial Ww ment of Y sentlemen, form the influential and wealthy eleme ty Ln : i le in currency circles. lati J lay a big role : . he 1lation. Some of you p Te tne BO e being, you should tell all people not to Sanne Sh I or to spread around idle rumours. If there : ing other people, : a hn i or may be of benefit to all, it may be Vv te mati 1 ss.- After the cessation of Hosein es. I hope that you will gsLitegeiny! rice problems and helping those ou will devise methods for ion to carry them out. 3. Relief of busine relief is of great pornos. : and i fuel an and help in settling the who are suffering hardships. I hope that yen this and apply to the Administration for permisSs ii Question of Employment nose hE topped ab nd business have S ment .- Labour a . Returning to Employ - Le ANC ES 8 o any days You should help in advising all ig of Be a ar rom those he return to their employment at an early date. Sean PA» coc annot resume business because of military a al i ii especially difficult you should a If the matter is of great. im- tration or Gendarmerie for as- sections which : if there is any matter which 1S find a means of dealing with it. : portance you may notify the Adminis sistance. t] ave be taken i sart from steps that have to sani City.- Apart from S : , Do ATI0NE np SF hould advise the people Titi > fighting, you shou Gen a he he live into order, thus giving a ! the problem of clean- by . wh t start rutting the places W 1 w 1 " i to he Authorities to deal more easily with paCALd v nv. liness. : idea of S ightening - 1f with the idea of stralg ALT ho h ou yourselves and myself, Er the ohicct nitin Be ye Jr China and Japan and with 08 Meer oi iy i er chrity of the East Asian races, will, according to tin he pr ily. her work together to settle them satisfactorily - 25 - I am very glad indeed to have received you all to-day, and hope that all will exert their strength to put into action our ho pes." Mr. Law Kuk-wo's Reply. Mr. Law Kuk-wo said: "We have been very pleased to-day to re- ceive the invitation of the Supreme Commander of the Imperial Japanese Forces in South China, Lieut-General Sakai. We have listened, General Sakai, to what you have said with the most complete agreement. We thank you for it. We know that the Japanese Army has avoided harming the people of Hongkong or destroy- ing the city We are very grateful to you for this. The object of Imperial Japan is tc release the races of East Asia. Japan and China have the same literature and are of the same people. They are very closely identified in prosperity We shall do what we can in order to help to make things satis- factory. We are in full agreement that there should be peace between Japan and China, and we hope that soon it will be a reality. We will do all we can to further the object of peace between Japan and China. Reconstruction As regards the maintenance of order and reconstruction, we will put out all our strength in Hongkong to co-operate with the Japanese Army authorities, and we will ask all the Chinese people to arise and unite that strength, so that they may achieve your objectives of per- mitting people to dwell in peace and carry on their business so that all may recover prosperity. We are very fortunate in having been placed under the instructions of yourself and your senior officers. We ourselves represent only a million or more of the Chinese people. We thank the Emperor of Japan and may he live forever." Mr. Chow Shou-son's Reply Mr. Chow Shou-son said: "I agree heartily with all that Mr. Law Kuk-wo has said to General Sakai. I am very pleased to express agree- ment. I have been a long time in Hongkong and I believe that the Chinese here fully understand the objectives that General Sakai has so kindly expressed for co-operation between Japan and China I hope that from now on Japah and China will Join hands more and more We thank the Emperor of Japan, and may he live forever. We also hope that General Sakai will remain as healthy as ever." YE RE “PB ated June 1, 1943 on the subject of Enclosure No. 4 to report d "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS Hong Kong No. 2, Connaught Road, Central P. 0. Box: 63. Telephones: 31243-31244 Cable Add. "NIPPO" HONGKONG. January 14, 1942. Defence of Hongkong. ———— sh Empire which, as we have been In all the history of the Briti loped by the indomitable British told so often, was acquired and deve spirit, there has been no greater tragedy than the loss of Hongkong. The grief must be the more poignant, because the bereavement marked the Centenary year which, but for the war, was to have been celebrat- ed with as much pomp and arrogance as Chinese susceptibilities would permit. Hongkong the impregnable, the mighty fortress, a second Gibraltar, was to have stood like the physicist's immovable body. Called upon to surrender, the former British Governor spurned the suggestion. Ap- parently it pained him exceedingly, and he was in no state to compre- hend its generosity. When a Japanese commentator said that the magnanimous gesture of General Sakai, who wished to spare civilian life and property, would go down in history, the British Broadcasting Corporation became contemptuous. Not at all, it replied; what would go down in history was the magnificent rejection of the humane offer. All will agree that the late Governor has certainly provided Hongkong's history with its blackest page. ~ remendous suffering might so easily have been avoided —- especially as it has been proved that the heroics were empty. nd Hongkong for long with the resources all their strategy betrayed s of that strategy. The British could not defe available tc them, and they well knew it; their guilty knowledge. There had been many rumour and with the abandonment of Kowloor, had been promised protection for their families, population were quickly confirmed. including Civil Defence Workers whe the worst fears of the - 27 - Military writers will a Hongkong collap : rgue for many a day why th will, of aurea) S» sly, Those of the Tool aduigdi and will prepare for th at "the garrison was hopelessly hse SOBs Of the cateauie e school books of their children a ere! men in the front ii gallantry of the defenders. Of the i TrterL oad welt ie oh or some of them, left entirely witho ag In general. okie diminishing artillery aid, this ma ys er were superior in a 2 truth is that the Imperial Forces Ts 2 true. tactics of equal oy epartment. Their strategy was superh ya besnvinnihe quality. The landing at North Point we pepe. and their ’ cking the whole plan for defence of the Island Eyer The careful accu wh + : racy Of their h : with their vi . : shelling and btombi : ship. In SLISLOTY, To Len clan was in keeping FRE he much to do sneer had been cat ritish were sadly disillusioned. Te oo ia could do as Sh ao hin against Chinese troops the age od; but against first-class British anese that would be di Wu irst-class Britist - greater r ifferent! To-day, the British and ay foress -- well og espect for the Oriental soldier os \mericans have a much ilippines the outcome has b ar a 2 een th a of the white race have melted like ih in Hon aj ongkong, Malaya and the vaunted supermen One excuse offered offici that th is ially for the Honekon 1 - tls osu Onpence 10 the army down -- i es hes een LF SNOT fore hav been entrusted with army rota ar For any defect in 309 in this charge it would still be Shor Pil: the Sh aencars the civil defence there was a ee Supsiigu fairly, were San that the British had never fected ie Cn holo raar ios rn respected and, therefore, could not x inese Chinese were RY that goes with equality. To oo he live or die as 9 30. fhaL pay they were but pawns in ap oe hee not be blamed. y might; and, if they reacted ROOTAPElY ho aon ~ © - i. k id n el e PI eC t10 » pan, a new era 0 un erstian ing asl | d th ot n of Ja Y f d ta d » . fidence i ning; A sue and it is the common and earnest h 2’ : A La ALT the ¢ pirit will be nursed into a strong bond oe a jhe .rong bond of brotherly union to vi i i vitalize the new Hongkong that will be mighty indeed migh indeed. TO 0 NTL I) UR ” ope I. ERR NE I a Enclosure No. : kong under Japanese Occupation." Any person who commits any yh shall be dealt with under Martial Law: 3, 2. ? / instigates, Any person who in i oy committing any of the foregoing erives, : ” pees shall be punished. But such punishment, ail, permit, may be reduced or exempted. Penalty for any person who ae ol the first two items, but surrenders be > covered, may be reduced or exempted. y as follows: The sentences under Martial Law are as 1 abd QV he confiscat Articles mentioned hereunder shall be co A ‘- 28 - j i 5 to report dated June 1, 1943, on the subject o THE HONGKONG NEWS January 12, 1942. PROCLAMATION A A ———————————— he crimes enumerated below i pponese perial Any action or rebellion against the Nipponese Impe ny Army. ; hs Any sort of espionage activity. dhredalng 3 two Apart from the crimes mentioned in jhe is ATELY 07 ms, any action which would endange! i Th 4M N any oSTruct I Nipponese Imperial Army or cause any oO to military movements. in any plan for ids or abets in any p a he should fence is dis- Death Imprisonment Banishment Fine Confiscation ~~ aie, Articles for planning a Sree. i Articles used or intended to be usec a crime. ne es Articles obtained in the course Ol having committed a crime. Articles obtained as a resu 2 crime in the form of renumeration. as a result of 1t of the committing of a The 25th Day of 12th Month, ~-IN-CHIEF OF THE COMMANDER-IN-CH THE ARMY OF GREAT NIPPON. crimes mentioned in r committing of of the 16th Year of His Majesty's Showa - 29 - Enclosure No. 6 to report dated June 1, kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS January 2nd, 1942 ASSURANCE TO POPULATION Protection of Lives and Property Since the Japanese occupation of Hongkong, order and government have gradually been restored. The Japanese Army is taking special care to protect the Chinese population, for which the latter are very grateful. The authorities are now establishing a civil branch of the military headquarters to deal with civil affairs in Hongkong. It is hoped that the Chinese will Co-operate with them in order to make Hongkong a flourishing place. The department deputed officials to function yesterday and they issued their first notice as follows: "The Japanese Army seized Hongkong with the object of sweeping out British and American influence from the Far East and establishing a New Order in East Asia, freeing the races of East Asia. The Japanese Army assumes responsibility for the protection cf the lives and property of the Chinese people and they must resume their businesses, fearlessly plac- ing their confidence in the Japanese Army. "With the object of protecting the Chinese people, the Japanese Army has established an office in the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank Building, first floor, Queen's Road, for dealing with the civil affairs. All Chinese dwelling in Hong- kong must rely on the Japanese Army and aid the above office to pacify the people and make Hongkong flourish. The above office sets its hopes on this." 1943, on the subject of "Ho - 30 - . Enclosure No. 7 to report dated June 1, kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS January 2nd, 1942 CHINESE CIVIL SERVANTS To Resume Functions as Soon as Possible The Civil Department of the Japanese Army has issued the following notice: The Japanese have driven out the British troops and have occupied Hongkong which is now under the protection of the Army. With the exception of British officials, all those formerly serving in the Government ought to resume their func- tions as soon as possible. They must not transgress the laws or act in a disorderly manner. If they do and are caught no leniency will be shown them All labour and shops must resume business as soon as possible and they may not in any way act contrary to law or else they will be dealt with. 1943, on the subject of "Hong- - 21 - Enclos V ure No. 8 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject ’ ) jeci-of 'Hongkong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS January 2nd, 1942 WATER_SUPPLY NOTICE T No Wastage While Repairs Effected A third notice i 4 4 ssued b . : : Japanese Army states: y the Civil Department of the : "The Japanese Army, with a view 4 Hon : Ys view to restorin 1diti EI gs utmost to repair the 2 Sats ei, SC Snir syne This it is hoped to do very member the er oes repairs, the people must re- volte Sorte Biss. With regard to water, the supply ly and not waste ig people must use water economical- be dealt with a Thr person found wasting water will leniency." ng to Japanese Army law, without any Civil Department of the Japanese Army January 1, 1942. 8 8 i re -ine - 33 - Enclosure No. 9 to report dated June 1, 1943, on the subject of "Hongkong under Japanese Occupation.” Enclosure No. 10 to report dated June 1, 1943, on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS THE HONGKONG NEWS January 14, 1942. January 16, 1942. - Circulation of Big Notes NOTICE The following notice, concerning the use of big Hongkong dollar in—Chief of the Imperial notes, has been issued by the Commander-i Japanese Army in Hongkong: To Alien Nationals "The public is hereby notified that, in spite of previous notification prohibiting circulation of Hongkong dollar notes, of . which face value is more than $25, as a temporary measure after {x * the occupation of Hongkong by his Imperial Japanese Majesty's Vo the aforementioned nationalities (except Oriental Army, in consideration of the public convenience, Hongkong dollar WSL present themselves at the Foreign Affairs Secti fon%e) notes of the above face value (viz. $25, $50, $100, $500) are or Yivil Administration Department, Hong Kong and ih ot now permitted circulation for the time being as well as those of uilding, first floor, before January 19. one Sistas nghai Bank certificates for movement in Hong Kong .aln passage not more than $10. ok { a a ( sS a ed W t1 od a al e0 le CO I'e Sy O d ng Bee. ) P » . Pp Pp 2 Those wh I Jha os oe do not possess such passage certificates after Ld d ne ne ] : mentioned date shall be considered by the Authoriti as enemy nationals. A Pith Commander-in-Chief, Imperial Japanese Army in Hongkong". Lieutenant-Colonel Noma, Commander of the Imperial Gendarmerie. Bh Enclosure No. 11 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation.” THE HONGKONG NEWS January 19, 1942. NOTICE TO ALIEN NATIONALS IN KOWLOON All alien nationals of neutral countries or countries allied with Japan (Third Nations) and people corresponding to the afore- mentioned nationalities (except Oriental races) residing in Kowloon, must obtain permits for movements to and fro, otherwise they will be considered as enemy aliens. The rules are as follows:- 1. Place for obtaining permit:— Kowloon, King's Park, at the Gendarmerie office for the Kowloon area; the former Kowloon Police Court, at the office of the Civil Administration Depart- ment of the Government. o. Times for applications:- Tuesday, January 20, to Friday. January <3, from 10 a.m. to noon, and from 2 p.m. 10 4 p.m. 3. Method of applying:- Those applying must produce certificates to identify their persons or some form of identification, with two photographs. They must then register themselves at the office and act according to the information given them. Lieut. Colonel Noma. Commander of the Imperial Gendarmerie January 27, 1942. - 35 = Enclosure No. 12 to re " : port dated June 1 o . Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." , 1843, on the subject of HONCKONG NEWS January 30, 1242. NOTICE In j i : has alanis for the livelihood of the population, it : ; d to permit limited withdrawal oo depositors subject to the following ren i 1. Depositor p j UsnosuLs are only permitted to withdraw sums from elr private current or savings accounts 2. Each person is permi permitted to withdraw not m : 1]araw n mor a dollars fifty ($50) Hong Kong currency. $taan Persons eligi : Son igible to withdraw vithdraw are neutr non-hostile Chinese. 8! nationals and 4. Withdrawals may be made from the following banks: Hong Kong and Shanghai Ki oLs ghai Banking Corporati National City Bank of New York Bose Shanghai Commercial and S iat nm id Savin : Bank of Canton, nn Bank of East Asia, and the Kwangtung Provincial Bank. 5. Withdrawals subject to the above conditions are Berniysel for three days, from January 29, 1942 to Janaary 31, 1242 (inclusive). Hours are tron 10 a. m 0 P. m. and 2 p. m. to 4 p. m. daily. Pe Order by the Commander-in-Chief, Imperial Japanese Army. - 36 = 1943, on the subject of Enclosure No. 13 to report dated June 1, "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation. THE HONGKONG NEWS February 4, 1942. NOTICE TO THIRD NATIONALS als in Hongkong must report in writing Section of the Civil Administration nd Shanghai Bank Building, first floor, i i i into sses prior to their moving wa : nationality and full All Third Nation to the Foreign Affairs Department, Hongkong a their former and new a : : their new addresses, stating also thelr name. By Order. February 4, 1942 17th Year of Showa. - Enclosure No. 14 to report dated June 1, 1943, on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS February 7, 1242. JAPANESE ARMY ECONOMIC BUREAU NOTICE The banks hereinunder mentioned are permitted to open and resume business on the dates specified: February 6, 1842 - National Commercial and Savings Bank, Wing On Bank, Yien Yih Commercial Bank, Bank of East Asia, Hong Ni Savings Bank, Fukien Provincial Bank, Chu Hsin Chen Bank, Overseas Chinese Banking Corporation. February 9, 1242 - Central Bank of China, Bank of China, Bank of Communications, Bank of Canton, Industrial Bank of China. Kwangsi Provincial Bank, Kwangtung Provincial Bank, Manufacturers' Bank of China, Salt Industry Bank of Szechuen, Hongkong and Swatow Commercial Bank, Shanghai Commercial and Savings Bank, China and South Seas Bank, Kincheng Banking Corporation, China State Bank. Withdrawal of deposits made before the war shall be restricted to Hongkong currency, and each person is allowed to withdraw not more than Three Hundred Dollars ($300) per month. With- drawal of fapi deposits will not be permitted. Withdrawal of deposits for the purpose of covering office expenses can only be made from Hongkong currency accounts. Prior to withdrawal, firms must suktmit applications to the Director of the Economic Bureau of the Japanese Army, withdrawal may be made without official approval. Withdrawal of deposits to cover salaries or wages of employees is to a sum of Fifty Dollars ($50) per person. The opening of new accounts in Hongkong currency and withdrawal therefrom are not restricted. The opening of new accounts in fapi is not permitted. Articles at present held in safe deposit boxes in all banks w be returned in due course after investigation by the Economic Bureau of the Japanese Army. BY ORDER JAPANESE ARMY ECONOMIC BUREAU Hong Kong, Feb. 6, 1942. - 38 =- Enclosure No. 15 to report dated June 1, 1943, on the subject of "Hong Kong Under Japanese Occupation.” HONGKONG NEWS - February 9. 1942. JAPANESE ARMY ECONOMIC DEPARTMENT NOTICE The Authorities will open the safe deposit boxes at the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation and the Bank of Fast Asia and ex- amine the valuables deposited therein for three days as specified herein. Holders of safe deposit boxes corresponding to the under- mentioned numbers should present themselves at the banks concerned on the relative dates and times, and should bring with them the keys to their boxes: Thursday, February 12, 1942. Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation:-— From 10 a.m. to Noon Boxes 1 to 116 From 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. Boxes Nos. 4757 to 4872 Bank of East Asia:- From 10 a.m. to Noon Boxes Nos. 1 to 104 From 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. Boxes Nos. 1033 to 1164 Friday, February 13, 1942. Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation:- From 10 a.m. to Noon Boxes Nos. 4061 to 4176 From 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. Boxes Nos. 2205 to 2320 Bank of East Asia:- From 10 a.m. to Noon Boxes Nos. 2063 to 2065 2069 to 2070 4211 to 4242 to 4 p.m. Boxes Nos. 3173 to 3267 2644 to 2649 3011 to 3028 2581 to 2586 From 2 p.m. Saturday, February 14, 1942. Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation:- From 10 a.m. to Noon Boxes Nos. 1161 to From 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. Boxes Nos. 6323 to 6438 Bank of East Asia:- From 10 a.m. to Noon Boxes Nos. 480 to 574 From 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. Boxes Nos. 3465 to 3567 BY ORDER, JAPANESE ARMY ECONOMIC DEPARTMENT. Hong Kong, February 7, 1942. - 39 - En closure No. 16 to report dated June 1, 1943 A "Hong Ko n ARAN EE g g under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS February 13, 1942. For ti i the time being, all persons : in Kow are forbidden to fire crackers loon and Hong Kong BY ORDER OF THE IMPERI R OF THE IMPERIAL JAPANESE ARMY. February 11, 1942. on the subject of - 40 - - on the subject of Enclosure No. 17 to report dated June 1, 1943, "Hong Kong Under Japanese Occupation.” THE HONGKONG NEWS February 22, 1942. NOTICE d for general information that the It is hereby notifie at Hong Kong have offices of the Japanese Consulate General been terminated as from February 20th, 1942. SHIROSHICHI KIMURA, HONG KONG. February 21st, 1942. - 4] = Enclos ure No. 18 to report dated June 1, Kong under Japanese Occupation." 1943, THE HONGKONG NEWS February 22, 1942 by TELITE Tm 1 LIEUTENANT GENERAL R Wig Wise Counsel to the Peop] 0 wii ODS Hc On aecaiImine Af Fi Assuming ortrice as Gover ; > CA w VV ve I ieutenant r + 0H Lleutenant-General 2NS pr to th : leral Rensuke Isogai has Ssu LO the people of Hong Kong l > th y : rd i a : S “ve 4 oi 2X41 ] s territory under the defeated British. in ee ; € 2feated British te ln kast Asia and its f sla and its function residen } e os f : sident here to eschew vices and reside hew vices and sever h 1Ctices \ in Tine practices and, in the light of t ] C 5 L Q \ A 13 We lhe following is the full text of General Isogai:- Jide "n ol Order of the Day issued by Im ial 1 by Imperial i the Capture -aptured Territory of Hong Kong: "un whereas Hong Kong is Eastern territo ' RT 11 ry Sel on the subject of "Hong AOT . ' ~~ “CC + b pr 1 1 > Got ~ + A ~ 1 ond Lb Yo ~ - +O GOV ror A &el | | I’ LE AMT Ey at - 42 - . who in an enlightened age has for the past hundred years been nibbling at our East Asia, SO now one morning the place was captured by our faithful, loyal and brave Imperial Army which Britain, public enemy of mankind, plotted to fulfil her unlimited ferocity of heart, has now been extinguished, which is a cause for the heartiest rejoicings among the millions in East Asia. "The great objective of the war in East Asia is certainly to guarantee the peace of East Asia, through which peace may extend to the whole world for the glorious happiness of all countries. Therefore Hong Kong, under military rule, should hereafter co- operate, with the full effort of all sections of the people, to reconstruct its position and to help in the attainment of victory in the Greater East Asia War. The previous condition of Hong Kong must b swept clean before it can take its place in the East. The present strength and culture of the place nust be elevated to the same spiritual stream in order to at- tain the Kingly Way, which will shine upon the eternal basic prosperity of East Asia. nT have humbly received the great responsibility of being Governor of the Capture erritory of Hong Kong, and today I have I must observe and obey highe: com- h punctiliously to protect the con- And when complete victory shall t Asia War, all the residents ed to give reality to the ideal of this sacred wa . vices and sever themselves from easy practi I : the Kingly Way and give all their energies to the ic f the community. arrived in person mands to devote tinued prosperity have been obtained here will admit C a e —- U0 -» = E Oo oe ® D { 02 yy c+ Oo "All you people, 1f yOu pad old habits and Wai creating a flourishing sreal I will know how to treat those who do A € S the path of right and do not keep within their right piaces, these es of East Asia's millions and are not members ur Kingly Way. Irrespective of their nationality or race, wi deal with these according to military law, "on assuming my office, this Order is specially issued Do not transgress its implications." RENSUKE ISOGAI. Showa, 17th Year, February 20. brace yourselves up 10 youl will scomplish much towards - 45 - Encl closure No. 19 to report dated June 1, 1943 on Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." Wis subjSeLo? THE HONGKONG NEWS March 9, 1942. HONG KONG GOVERNMENT Notice No. 5 It 3 sp Shr Sisters eater that, as from today, movement of reets will be permi : ye The ferr , permitted nightly u y service between Hong Kong and te yr i 4 e at 10 p. m. as her A. etof “ey Sw fa Served. ore. This order should be strictly ob- By Order of the Hong Kong Government. Showa, 17th Year, March 8. - lh - 1, 1943 on the subject of Enclosure No. 20 to report dated June "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS March 9, 1942 PUBLIC HEALTH NOTICE Cleansing Campaign in compliance with the public health measures against infectious diseases, it has been decided that a general house cleansing campaign shall be conducted through- out Hong Kong and Kowloon from March 16, 1942 to March 25, 1942, inclusive. It is hereby notified that, During this period of cleansing, all residents must thoroughly cleanse their premises as well as all furniture and utensils there- in. s will make visits to houses within the Authorized officials period aforementioned, and heavy penalties will be inflicted upon the owner or occupier of any premises W and where rubbish and waste has been allowed to collect either in ihe houses or adjacent to them or in to the houses concerned. By Order of the Hong Kong Government. Showa, 17th Year, March 8. hich are not sroperly cleansed J lanes and alleyways contiguous - 45 ~- Enclosure No. 21 t " . 21 to report dated June 1 Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation," 1943 on the subject of HONGKONG NEWS March 10, 1942. HONG KONG GOVERNMENT Notice No. 6 Arm bands issued b i a y the Civil D "“ : epartment Weiler Sonera must be returned to the yeas torus o S Aide-de-Camp on or before March 15 for ending ailon and reissue After tl S 1at date, all : Devart ate, all arm bands issued {vil partment of the former Military Government are Sy Pay ed. By Order of the Hong Kong Government. Showa, 17th Year, March 9. AA 1943 on the subject of "Hong Enclosure No. 22 to report dated June 1, Kong under Japanese Occupation.” HONGKONG NEWS March 11, 1942 HONG KONG GOVERNMENT Notice No. 7 1. All persons falsely assuming the uniform of soldiers, auxiliary services or other government body, or falsely wearing arm bands, or falsely pretending to be departmental officials, with the intention of privately searching people in the streets will be severely punished. ildings controlled by the Military o. All persons entering bu es for the purpose of removing Authorities or into private hous things will be severely punished. from the people or extorting 3. Any person extorting money le will be severely punished. other things or threatening the peop 4. Any person giving false evidence with the object of gaining entrance into or leaving Kowloon and Hong Kong, or with the object of dwelling in the place or doing business there and so obtaining unlawful profit, will be severely punished. By Order of the Hong Kong Government. Showa, 17th Year, March 10. - 47 =~ Enc ‘e N closure No. 23 to report dated June 1, 194 Kon \ n eR +, 3 on the subiec vy g under Japanese Occupation." the subject of "Hong HONGKONG NEWS March 11, 1942 HONG KONG GOVERNMENT i Ihose who 1 1 heli T help to clear up : I mitigated or remitted. “J . i ese who confess commit 1 } =hn1T 3} committed shall have ti By Order of the Hong Kong Governme Showa, 17th Year, March 10 TR RA TT a A I pT RT - 48 - Enclosure No. 24 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation," HONGKONG NEWS March 11, 1942 HONG KONG GOVERNMENT Notice No. 9 er —————————————— The Hong Kong Government is establishing a Court of Justice for the adjudication of civil cases. Any person desiring of in- stituting any civil actions in this Court should apply to the civil Court of Justice of the Government for instruction as to the procedure to be followed. By Order of the Hong Kong Government. Showa, 17th Year, March 10. will be segregated for one week with barbed ( weCr Wllil Raroea-wlire - 40 Enclosure M 1 5 sure No. 25 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subje {ong under Japanese Occupation." | ine Ps clio HONGKONG NEWS March 11, 1942 WANCHAI DISTRICT BUREAU With refer th i t 1 or aly) Jelorene i instructions that have been issued alow A Lonliness in the District, the Commrnderain. pi 3 xpeditionary Force has issued orders thet dy, = Ps and residents of private homes must daily cl an ail pasts of their premises and when shops open Ry em take every precaution for the FETpoR OF pil hey must ] ikew Ie - “J wv a ic health. + L 1 It is notified that places which do not V I 2S which do n give ingress egress. ectors around see that the foll ® ov Ail UL CALC A "py Wo ut > The Bureau will send insp ing instructions are carried 0 P—- 1. Occupants of al must daily clean their doo into the street gutter. 2. Occupants of staircases. Sd. Occupants of 4. Those wh closets are not blocks be kept full, and tl made of the gonveniences. a A TR IW EM ET pa OTE - 50 = Enclosure No. 26 to report dated June 1. 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS March 16, 1942. PUBLIC HEALTH NOTICE Cleansing Campaign 1. From March 16 to March 25, a period of ten days in- clusive, order is to be preserved as follows: —- uses must in this period be swept o. All dwelling ho 1 rubbish must be dumped at the proper clean and washed, and al places; Zz. During this period of cleansing, and afterward, all t preserve their cleanliness dwelling houses, and shops mus and exert special efforts to maintain it. This regulation may not be transgressed, under penalty of a heavy fine. By Order of the Hong Kong Government. Showa, 17th Year, March 14. - 81 - Enclosure No. 27 to report dated Rong wader Japanese Oootpation. # June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong THE HONGKONG NEWS March 17, 1942. HONG KONG GOVERNMENT Notice No. 10 In symp ic consi ; ot Mme Sey of the livelihood of th of bank & ollowing regulations governi the wi S Deople eposits are issued: hg the vithdraval I 1 e C ] m h i No depositor i a ii is permitted to withdraw ” be L aw more hundred and fifty dollars ($150.00) H more than one currency. OU) Hong Kong Only n : 1ati ny eutral nationals and non-hostile Chine permitted to make withdrawals Roe Withdraw a BA k iwals may be made only from the follows banks: Hon y Cet wing t (ro Phi Kong and Shanghai Banking Cor aie: $2 ain office); Charter WR Dralion €), rtered Bank of Indi and Chine a ; ndia, Aus % 0 Dns Mercantile Bank of India RR brads 3ank of New Yor a, Nationa it Comaciy 2 Jor, Chase Bank, American Express y ~ompany, Underwriters' Savings Bani = Indisch AT Sl Y avings Bank, Nederlandscl : e Handelsbank, Netherlands Trading Soci > anque Belge pour 1'Etranger. : ik Withdrawals will nan Wy be ~~ 1m + 4 . flan -~ JC permitted for thr Marc he di " : bi 18 to March 20 inclusive, daily eens from 0 Pp. m. and from 2 p. m. to 4 p. m 3 1 10 a. m. By Order of the Hong Kong Government. Showa, 17th Year, March 16. ER ————— a LA ER - 5D ~ Fnclosure No. 28 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS March 23, 1942 HONG KONG GOVERNMENT Notice No. 11 In sympathetic consideration of the livelihood of the people of this city the following regulations governing the withdrawal of bank deposits are issued: - 1. Permission is extended to depositors to withdraw money to maintain their living conditions only, and withdrawals are only to be made from the depositors’ personal accounts. No depositor is permitted to withdraw more than two hundred dollars ($200.00) Hong Kong currency. Only neutral nationals and non-hostile Chinese are permitted to make withdrawals. Withdrawals may be made only from the Kowloon Branch of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. ’ Withdrawals will be permitted for three days, from March 24 to March 26 inclusive, daily from 10 a. m. to 1 p. m. and from 2p. m todp. WN By Order of the Hong Kong Government. Showa, 17th Year, March 22. - 53 - Roy Ne 29 to report dated June 1, 1942 e subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupatio 1 upation." THE HONGKONG NEWS March 26, 1942. HONG KONG GOVERNMENT ibd Notice No. 12 Civ 11 4 an 4 1lians in possession ; i] 7 } of rotor ET TT g : them sh ¥ i: .0tor cars and wishing t : Gon should apply to the Land Comrunications Sect DS "M1IN a eat - hii LONS Section mmunications Department before April 14, Sh Se Loelor 1 14, Showa Ey Lhe 17th Year. Avplications , pplications sent after that date will be invalid 1 0€ l1nva.ll Application . pplication forms are obtainable from the I : Section. aole from the Land Communic By Order of the Hong Kong Government. Ch w A ry Showa, 17th Year, March 25. 3 1, 194 30 to report dated June 2 nie a "Hong Kong under Japanese on the subject of THE HONGKONG NEWS March 25, 1942. HONG KONG GOVERNMENT Public Notification hs : : m nication facilities, maintain t ; dition and : roads in good con ; ; the city, keep the iages, bicycles, Be accidents, owners of horse ee 0 CoRLITTES 10 avy ired to apply for per : ars are require following places. in 1 DE elintions shall be made at the to use em. In order to increase commu et, The Hong Kong Tramway Office, a P between 10 a. m. and 2p. Ww. A Win e. Lower Albert Road, from Ap and 2 p. NO. Hong Kong.-(1) Sip m April 25 to Apri 27, Hi os Road and Dralnage Offic 28 to April 30, between 10 a. m. loon Road and Drainage Officer, y 1 to May 3, between 10 a. Mm. No. 154 Kowloon.- The Kow pos Prince Edward Road, from Ma 2 p. Nn. PP a h a 1S ¥ . By Order of the Hong Kong Government Showa, 17th Year, March 25. - 55 ~ Enclosure No. 31 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS March 29, 1942 LAWS FOR RULE OF THE CAPTURED TERRITORY OF HONG KONG To be effective from Showa, 17th Year, March 28. The Office of the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Fong has now decided laws as cetailed below, for entering and leaving, residing in, transportation of goods out of and into, and for establishing businesses, carrying on businesses, for the conduct of merchants, etc., within, the areas ruled by the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong; the laws to take effect from Showa, 17th Year, March 28. Governor's Order Number 9. Concerning the laws that are to be decided upon for entering and leaving, residing in, transportation of goods out of and into, and for establishing businesses, carrying on businesses, for the conduct of merchants within the areas ruled by the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong, herewith are appended the laws decided for entering and leaving, residing in, transporta- tion of goods out of and into, and for establishing businesses, carrying on businesses, for the conduct of merchants within, the areas ruled by the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong (former British colonial and leased territory) Showa, 17th Year, March 28. Governor of Occupied Territories of Hong Kong. (Signed) Rensuke Isogai. Laws for entering and leaving, residing in, transportation of goods out of and into, and for establishing businesses, carrying on businesses, for the conduct of merchants within the areas ruled by the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong (Former British colonial and leased territory). Chapter One ~ General Regulations: Chaptr Two - Entering and leaving the boundaries: Chapter Three - Residing in: Chapter Four - Transportation of goods out of and Chapter Five - Establishing businesses: Chapter Six - Carrying on businesses: - 56 = s conduct: Chapter Seven -— Merchant unishments and fines: Chapter Eight - Police p Chapter Nine - Addenda. CHAPTER ONE General Regulations Item One. The enactment of these laws is to serve as a criterion for use in the areas ruled by the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong (that is the former British colony and leased territory, similarly below) with regard to entering and leaving the frontiers and residence, excepting for military persons, the families of military persons and army and navy em- ployees; transportation of goods 1n and out, with the exception of military supplies (hereinafter called for short, transporta- tion of goods in and out); and cstablishment of businesses, carry- ing on of businesses, commercial conduct, etc. Item Two. All those persons entering and leaving, residing in, transporting goods in and out of, and establishing businesses, carrying on businesses, with commercial activities, in the areas ruled by the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong must obtain permission from the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong. Item Three. Permission will be refused to the following class- es of persons by the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong to enter or leave, reside in, transport goods in and out of, and to establish businesses, carry on businesses, with commercial activities, in the areas ruled by him: 1. Enemy nationals; 2. foreigners with enemy leaning (includ- ing Chinese nationalists with enemy leanings); 3. those per- sons who act against our troops, who Spy, who divulge mili- ‘ho endanger or hurt the safety of our tary secrets, and wh troops, with all those persons who could do the above; 4. litary order, or who conduct those persons who disturb mi themselves in a disorderly manner against the government or economic conditions, OF who express disorderly opinions, with those who could do the above; 5. those persons who have mental diseases or leprosy; 6. those persons who have no independent means of support; 7. those persons who trans- gress the laws or have had other unlawful conduct without hopes of reforming, or who are potential criminals; 8. those persons who are unsuitable as residents with respect to their att.tude towards military affairs, public safety and local customs; 9. those persons who are recognized as being harmful to other forms of defense and to military establishments. ~- 57 - Item Four. Th in his sphere all Ep mers Conamyer Inciading an t ; 1 ly below) wi $ ater Gendarmerie C ill : e Commanders imi ing, residing hy ha aii for handling persons Shier Sau iSifienses. Cir . ransporting goods in and out of And tes OF 1say. , rying on businesses, with commercial t SH hl activities the areas ruled by t AD he CG “ Lv , in Kong. y overnor of the Captured Territory of Rone CHAPTER TWO Entering and Leaving the Frontier Item Five. Tho Ss Side the Breas Aa iy wishing to come by vessel from out Hong Kong to those ra S Governor of the iCuptures Territory of form of an Ae i fill up the particulars Below > 2 Governor of the obvi to obtain permission from the concerning travel oe STritory of Hong Kong; but an sibs ta y vessels will be in addition to ond St They - aw . The appli icant’ a og standing Sto teaoten place of origin, address, social 2 ours Slon, name, year, month and day of Blrth: 4 . or traveling by vessel; 3. leavin sl . destination. ; 9. leaving from where; Wi th res ) pect tc the f ; a should be attached a a going application for permission, the.e i a Ceriify of verif ; 1 n, the. ing from . : rification as RR g a Gendarmerie officer or from the Imperi to social stand- sulate. n the Imperial Japanese Con- egoir l1cate Gevernor Tee of the Captured Territory of Hong Ko h ii relatives ) ne who wish to zend ¢ X ives or servants from outsid. those ® oa : i Seno Tor > alec must fill particulars below in IS a og Ow in the form of an application and Sasi Lhe To ssing through v Hong K ng C i e1 1 y 0 pel SS10 « 0 Gend irmer 1 Comm 1 1d | al » C ppl f Ir i i i Item Six Th = lL» . i ose Derson Devi AA wv . ; persons residing within the areas ruled bv Lor id yi 1 1. Place o gir fF a oa f origin or person sent for, address, social Shu ks profession, name, year, month and day of Blt: Vili ne a ; 1 " : ; j : a ie i I s relationship to the person sent f : ol : nL ‘Ior: s for sending for the said person. Item Sever item en. gy Cid FBAL Se Re o Those persons wishing to leave by vessel the for place 51 7s Governor of the Captured Territory of H Te f laces outside those area : dilly 1 Hong Aon ve row : areas must f ? ng ln any application and tee vs ill up the particulars below Commande Ir appl f i passing through the Hong Kong Ge yA ar isha JIGNANUEeT, ap Vv or permissi " H endarmerie Territory of oon an from the Governor of the Captured : Pp 11s permission is 1 rapLulod yersons acti: I 1 1S not n r for persons acting under orders from the Gove 4 necessary for those tory of Hong Kong. rnor of the Captured Terri 1. The : a ing, iT pte place of origin; address, social stand- pose Of tile vo Rh year, month and day of birth; 2. entre telions © oe yimemal 3. leaving from where: 4. Sess hove rotuge > decided upon for starting; 6. whether 4 1a TT TT ap CR - 58 = e voyage by vessel desires to return, j r aking th If the person m g Se on then a limit of siX months may CHAPTER THREE Residence ing to reside in the areas ruled tem Eight ose persons wish rien LE Steed Territory of rong ar yA ay rrival, fill in the particulars below t de I ot C mander, who may instruct the applicant i On where he originates or some other his social standing: the Hong Kong L to produce a document showing fI1 1 e sufficient to prove £ 2 certificat | i i rofession, address, social standing, Drops : connection with military 4. purpose of 1. Place of origin, ; 38 month and day of birth, 2. ye month and day of arrival; affairs; 3. year, residence. rent ground or premises in Captured Territory of Hong e a lease and then fill low, passing it through quest that he may obtail f the Captured Territory Ttem Nine. Where persons wish 2 ihe areas ruled by the Governor of Ys 2 Kong, the person concerned must firs ae 2 ther j : ication the particulars in the applic up the particul : 28 e Hore Kong Gendarmerie Commander oi $ rerification of the lease from the Gover of Hong Kong. | n concerned, address, social month and day of birth; 2. Zz. for what purposes they 1. Place of origin of the perso anding, profession, name, year, ; tion of the grounds OT premises; star posi are to be used; 4. value of lease. j i i fication should be ac-— application for veri : i eg be the lease made by the person concerned, companied by a for Sr sald lace and construction plan. with surface plan © | s wishing to complete the previous ies ication rn is the landlord, may fill up the Sppiicats Boe aa h the Hong Kong Gendarmerie Commander, nay from the Governor of the Captured Item Ten. Those person but not below and passing it throug 2 request to obtain permission to ren Territory of Hong Kong. 1 Place of origin of pglionnt, iseeny, wail A DE gals es he they are to be rion of grounds Or premises. for permission should be accom- i i ion The aforementioned applicatio construction plan. lace an panied by a surface plan of the said p to move their residence or e areas ruled by the Gove rnol hould within five days after rticulars below, petition- T+em Eleven. Those persons wishing share ihe lease of a flat or house 1D th or 1 ed Territory of Hong Kong s of the Captur : moving or sharing the lease, fill up the pa ing the Hong Kong Gendarmerie Commander. - 959 - 1. Place of origin, new address, social standing, profession, name, year, month and day of birth; 2. year, month and day of moving or sharing rent; 3. former address; 4. purpose of mov- ing or sharing the lease. Item Twelve. The aforementioned petition concerning family, fellow lodgers, servants, or persons sharing the lease should be handled by the head of the household head of family, or chief tenant. rr % oN Item Thirteen. If the place of origin, social standing or any other matter has to be altered at any time, the Gendarmerie should be petitioned to register the addition on the certificate of origin or any other document used for verification. ET SET a Item Fourteen. Those persons who are requested by some unit of the army or navy, or who under some other classification, obtain a military social standing and keep a bar or club, with regard to dwell- ing in or renting grounds and premises, although they may have ob- tained a certificate of verification from the said unit's commanding officer, should nevertheless carry out all the provisions of the previous items. Those persons who comply with this item, if they continue to re- side in their present address after the unit has moved elsewhere may not take their residence there as complying with the law. CHAPTER FOUR Transportation of Goods Into and Out of (Hong Kong) Item Fifteen. Those persons who wish to transport goods, with he exception of military supplies, from within the areas ruled by he Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong to without the rontier should fill up the particulars below on the application forms requesting that they may obtain permission from the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong. t £ 1. Applicants' place of origin; address, social standing, profession, name, year, month and day of birth: 2. description of the goods, number and weight, value: 3. method of exporta- tion; 4. purpose of exportation: 5. place from where exported; 6. destination of transported articles. Item Sixteen. Those persons wishing to transport goods, with the exception of military supplies, from without the frontier of the areas ruled by the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong to within those areas should within five days of the arrival of the goods fill up the particulars below, reporting it in the form of a petition to the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong. - 60 - . nding, 1. Place of origin (of applicant), Oe A fession name, year, month and day of birth; fin ortation; or ods number and weight, value; 3. purpose o imp of go ; 4, from whence imported; 5. point of arrival. ot yet made a petition as above in this item pergonsnvho have o ds or hand them over to a third party. may not sell the imported goo t el Sev e A Se W 0 y W j } ell the necessl La es wh ca IT 11 ne . Item Eighteen. Articles mentioned below ¢ of non-permitted articles: 1. Articles declared to be illegal in the Justine ov. Exchange Law, Mobilization Law or any other Imperial Law; ause harm to the prevention of i will ¢ 2 Articles that wil Ae spying and preservation of military se Zz Articles that will cause harm to military safety and local customs; affairs, public countries with enemy leanings; reate disorder in nd ha TO C 5 Articles whose purpose might or which the government, economic affairs or in Spialots. might be made use of for such disorderly con e e 6. Any other articles that are harmful to defense OT th conduct of the military government. forbidden or controlled articles, i it ~egard to Bion Rinalse. Rouh ree will be determined elsewhere. lists of them and their particulars CHAPTER FIVE Establishing Businesses Sn com— who wish to establish and carry on ; rsons 14 any Item Twenty. Those pe svernor of the Captured Territory a sats sl from the Governor of the i 1d obtain permiss he of Hong Kong shou Captured Territory of Hong Kong. The aforementioned applicat aims. to establish a business and a statement of jon should be accompanied by a petitiol S18] - CHAPTER SIX Carrying on Businesses Item Twenty-one. Those persons wishing to do business in the areas ruled by the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong should fill up the particulars in the application form below and passing through the Hong Kong Gendarmerie Commander, request and ob- tain permission from the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong. cE remem Ns 1. Place of origin of person doing business, address, social standing, profession, name, year, month and day of birth. Eg a - <2. Legal representative or business partner, his place of origin, address, social standing, profession, name, year, month and day of birth, together with a copy of the agree- ment of partnership; 3. Kinds of business carried on, organization, shop name, house name, place of doing business: 4. If the place is a branch shop or annex, the address of the head shop with its name or trade name; 5. Value of capital; 6. If the place of doing business employs assistants their nationality, names and ages. The aforementioned application for permission to carry on business | d ou. be accompanied by a surface plan of the place of business and a construction plan. Item Twenty-two. If in the particulars mentioned in the previc item there should be a change, such as moving the place of business, new construction, alterations or additions, then permission should be obtained. Item Twenty-three If the carrying on of a business has been stopped for six months or more, or if the position of a business is not clear for three months or more, then such business will be deemed to have been given up. T 4 Liem Twenty-four. If a person wishes to give up his business, should notify his reasons in the form of a petition to the Hong Kong Gendarmerie Commander. Item Twenty-five. All persons carrying on business are not permitted to trade their authority or hire their trade names to others. I6e - Item Twenty-six. If the person doing business wishes to employ manager or representative, he must make a request and obtain per- iesion for doing SO, forwarding the proposed manager's Or represent- e's place of origin, address, name, age and antecedents. Ally J Ttem Twenty-seven. If the person doing business wishes to form orporation (or partnership), he must first conclude a corporation agreement and, passing through the Hong Kong Gendarmerie Commander, caquest and obtain permission of the Governor of the Captured Terri- tory of Hong Kong. Twenty-eight. Matters affecting the carrying on of business & g the person doing the business, even though he responsibility r sulting acts may be those of his family, lodgers or servants. i ¢ there should be a manager, then the responsibility is the mana- Item Twenty-nine. y person in the areas ruled by the Governor Captured Territory of Hong Kong who. in accordance with Item ar is connected with an army Or navy unit and who wishes tc carry n business should obtain a certificate of verification from the nit commander and carry out the provisions of Item 21. Ay ny The persons who comply with this item, if they continue to in their address after the unit has moved on elsewhere, may 4 their continuing business there as complying with the law. CHAPTER SEVEN Mercantile Activities tem Thirty. hose persons wishing to carry on mercantile Cll Lilli < es in the s ruled by the Governor of the Captured Terri- Hong Kong should fill up the particulars below of the ap- ng through the Hong Kong Gendarmerie Com- n permission from the Governor of the form and passi) ~ request and obtal cd Territory of Hong Kong: 1. Applicant's place of origin; address, social standing, profession, name, year, month and date of birth. 2. Place carrying on the mercantile activities and method employed; ying p Kinds of merchandise. Item Thirty-one. Mercantile activities that are included in carrying on of a business may have their tenor registered at ime of making the application according to Item 21, and there hen no need to make another application. oR CHAPTER EIGHT Punishments and Fines Item Thirtv-tw bin bbiily a . respect to entering or ’ « Lop) ing goods in 0 2 ® carrying on business ppc r out of, and establis es or mercantile activities Vode ORD Captured Territory of Hong oo spne re of military 3 £ fa irs ) in €Trnor arise the execution of military gov ingly seize and t fo * punish and 1 ntaoahm 1Ce punisnn nagarmerie m cli le lc ” 3 IN ( v ~ - * and questioning Lew Should 3 3 ~A0ULlA Permission Py a person, or sh vessel by “WJ who have forwarded th m 0 Vv e ) 0 0 3 Lv Wino ni ra d e Or c¢ ~ under Iten establish a tivities will ow 3 ee Thirty-nine. All persons who and certificates issued by the with under military law. he Gendarmerie in carrying nder Item 32 or who do not submit to prevention and control, will be dealt with under military law. Ttem Forty. Persons obstructing t out their duties u Item Forty-one With respect to the Imperial Country's people, this law will be applied where the Imperial Law is not suitable. CHAPTER NINE Addenda ——————— This law will be effective from the date of publication. Those persons engaged before the enforcement of this law in travelling, residing, moving goods, except military supplies, carried on businesses and engaged in mercantile activities and who are still doing SO, should they not comply with the regulations of these laws before the last day of April, they will be restrained. With regard to the Chinese people who resided in Hong Kong be- fore its capture, that 1s those who now reside in the areas ruled by the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong, for them the date of obtaining permits is extended to the last day of June. #### and who established, - 65 ~ nt 32 to report dated June 1, 1943 subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS March 27, 1942. HONG KONG GOVERNMENT Public Notification No. 2 wl I ’ 11 iC eS 4440 ro re 0 e neo , g Eg - u uA ex I . on AB 3 such certificates will 1 1 bc » i Such e granted up to April 15, Showa, 17th Helders of such i PY certificates are requi selves on or are required to pr Kong adh vy March 31, Showa, 17th Year Pa S1d Hore Ro the Hong Kong Government Foreign ATTElITS ll g g and Shanghai Bank Building, for the purpos Solan, : nC pu e of secur- By Order of the Hong Kong Government. Showa, 17th Year, March 26. —- 66 = - 67 - - d June 1, 1943 Enclosure No. 34 to report dated June 1, 1943 anese Occupation." on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." t date Fnclosure No. 33 to repor 8 ! the subject of "Hong Kong under Jap on THE HONGKONG NEWS THE HONGKONG NEWS March 31, 1942 April 1, 1942. HONG KONG GOVERNMENT HONG KONG GOVERNMENT P ic Notificati No. 5 ublic Notification It is hereby e r overnor's Order No. 11 It h Showa 17th Y April 1, G if] at from Showa 17th Year, : by notified that 2 17 inary mail will be accepted for transmission to the following a. - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Turkey, Bulgaria, a ie o - : yet Portugal Spanish African Colonies, Portuguese The regulat ons eo n switzerland, Spain, Portugal, w=pali= p ¢ to the CI . as Colonies. (Signed) RENSUKE ISOGAI By Order of the Governor, Hong Kong Government. Captured Territory of Hong Kong Showa, 17th Year, March 28. Showa 17th Year, March 30 : Regulations for the Chinese Co-operative Council In order to ensure the smooth conduct of affairs of Chinese residents in the Captured Territory of Hong Kong, there is now established the Hong Kong Chinese Co-operative Council called for short the Co-operative Council below The Co-operative Council will be under the direction of the Chinese Representative Council, which will submit to the various departments of the Hong Kong Government for examin- atlon matters concerning the governing and co-operation of Chinese residents. 4 The Chinese Representative Council will elect the president and members of the Co-operative Council from Chinese residing in the Captured Territory of Hong Kong, and those who are to represent all sections of the people will be appointed by the Governor. The Co-operative Council will appoint one chairman and one vice-chairman from the elected members. The Chinese Representative Council will attend the Co-operative Council's meetings to state their opinions. The opinion of the Council's chairman, president and members - 68 = Governor's Order No. 11 (Continued) will be discussed and decided upon. 6. After the opinions ha Chinese Representative Government.® This Council wil of this notice. ve been set forth and Jysoussed the Council will present them to the 1 be established from the day of the publica tion -69 - Enclosure No. 35 to report dated June 1. 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS April 1, 1942. HONG KONG GOVERNMENT Governor's Order No. 12 The charges for ordinary postal matter have been revised as below. RENSUKE ISOGAI Governor, Captured Territory of Hong Kong. Showa 17th Year, March 31. 1. Charges for postal matter dispatched from the areas ruled by the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong to places within the same areas and to Japanese territory (including Kwantung, Malay States, etc.) China and Man- choukuo will be as follows:- Letters:- 2C grammes or under. 5 sen Postcards:- Ordinary, 2 sen. Return postcards, 4 sen. Covered postcards, 5 sen. permitted in China). (These are not Books and Printed Matter, industrial printed matter photographs, manuscripts, pictures, plans, samples, educational and museum articles: --100 grammes or under 4 sen. Books for the blind in Braille, etc.:— 1 Kilogram or under, 2 sen. Agricultural seeds:- 100 grammes or under, 1 sen Ordinary postal matter for foreign countries (not China and Manchoukuo) :- including Letters:- 20 grammes or under, 20 sen Above 20 grammes, 20 sen. for each additional 20 grammes. Postcards:- Ordinary, 10 sen. Return postcards, 20 sen. These revised charges will take effect from Showa 17th Year. April 1. «0 - Enclosure No. 36 to report dated June 1, 1943, on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS March 31, 1942. Protection for Public to Carry on Normal Work aws promulgated by His Excellency the Governor, Lieut-General Rensuke Isogai, on March 2g, relating to entry and departure from Hong Kong, permission for the establishment reports by residents, etc., was explained at a Press conference yesterday. The aim underlying the 3 or reopening of business, by a Government official The official said that it was with the object of providing adequate protection to the public to carry on their normal activities that the laws were promulgated, and he gave the as- surance that every possible assistance would be given by the authorities in this direction. Concerning the law on residence, it was pointed out that all residents in Hong Kong and Kowloon must report their addresses and other particulars. No Interference. Remarking that the laws may appear at first glance to be re- strictive, the official said that the real aim of the authorities was entirely contrary to this impression. What the authorities actually desired was to enable the civilian population to carry on their normal activities. The rehabilitation of Hong Kong, he pointed out, was proceeding rapidly, but so far as the authorities understood, the first thing the public wan as it were, that they could carry on their business and other normal activities without interference and with protection. It was with the object of giving such a guarantee that the laws were made . Continuing, the official said that when the laws were drafted, special care was taken to dispense with red-tape. The public, he emphasized, should not be afraid to apply for permission, which would be granted in as short a time as possible. The Procedure. e undertaken by the Chief of the Police Affairs plained to the Press the The enforcement of these laws will b Gendarmerie, and yesterday Capt. Kimura, Section of the Gendarmerie Headquarters, ex procedure to pe followed by the public. Capt. Kimura first explained that ordinarily the preservation of peace and order was handled by both the Gendarmerie and the Police, the former for military and the latter for civil affairs. However, Hong Kong being under military administration, the ted was to have a guarantee, “7 - preservation of peace and Gendarmeri . and order was now undertak ie, which also controlled the Police sy oe rigade, the former being known : as Ge ; Fire Brigade. ndarme Police and the latter as Gendarme The Gendarmeri i e had five divisi New Territori aang SL, W former aa or Water ee nm their Neadaua ave been utilized by the G ; ” quarters. These are now known as i i” e Stations, Speaking of the 1 i ; Sowa 1e laws in question, C were divided i ; , Capt. Kimura sai and Sa I LY thories -— applications Be aa rey Headquarters and fo e former, they must be sent to the A : regards reports ur copies of the application are requi 1vis10nal tions and only Spi i be submitted to the ares. _ 3 ob : : €S are necessa ; a= Tepor LS would i’ ry. These a id i tS Ci Elton be sent to the Gendarme hp and is given by the Go hi Excellency the Governor. When i, with Rte Greens ll kg concerned would ig would be respected. § their bona fides SC that iNsir rights Must Apply Again. Captain Kimura pointed t Soh , 2 | ed out that the issi 3 a tary Affairs Bureau a Ee mes BY ly in business, must again apply so : hae i Nationals should send in their a : Ber is e he end of April, and the Chinese b Ppltes iphasized that the authorities would = A he ey could to grant as ma i any applicati i not to be afraid to lig tions as possible, and urged the public Referring to the 1 aw on resid : but not appli ; idence, Capt. Kimu Fholker 2splaonuions for permission must be made ais ga that reports a y es any intention to move or not n Ee feSiteals, aorlicatien Sune to Hove, he or she should nalte a al Wy the landlord i permission is the responsibility of the lar Brus hi is absent, then the tenant sh s landlord. Ir mission, should also apply for per- Strict Enforcement. Any breach of th : e laws, Capt. Ki : in punishm ; ’ . Kimura pointed Wer SN us offences would be tried b ig 0 result would be dealt with at the Gendarme um ions. Speaking of discipline in th nid eat 1 e Gendarme Police, i » 8 JLT unten tis Tomer British Government there mm ot ea Saas ne Police Force with accusations of rine ot Se a aay ie is going to see to it that there Senta i als yy fuposing strict discipline, at the same ti ® ry Biman 10 ihe SopuLace. Therefore, the te Gendarmes by giving bribes or a Piven uy Sn LA IN , =R - - 73 ~- THE HONGKONG NEWS THE HONGKONG NEWS March 31, 1942. March 31, 1942 Hong Kong Government Hong Kong Government Governor 's_Order No. 1) G Public Notification No. 5 The regulations pertaining to the Chinese Co-operative Council $4 {8 Harety sobitien : are herewith promulgated. ' ordinary mail will be bli Showa 17th Year April 1 or transmission to tr ! : 0 the countries:- Uni : 5 : : on of Sovi : : (Signed) RENSUKE ISOGAI Switzerland, Spain, ee Tey Republics, Colonies. following : Turke : ¥, Bulgaric panish African Colonies, Sorters Governor, Captured Territory of Hong Kong. By Order of the Showa, 17th Year, March 28. Hong K Regulations for the Chinese Co-operative Council Showa 17th Year, March 3 g Kong Government. In order to ensure the smooth conduct of affairs of Chinese § 0. residents in the Captured Territory of Hong Kong, there is now established the Hong Kong Chinese Co-operative Council, called for short the Co-operative Council below. The Co-operative Council will be under the direction of the Chinese Representative Council, which will submit to the various departments of the Hong Kong Government for examination matters concerning the governing and co- operation of Chinese residents. The Chinese Representative Council will elect the president and members of the Co-operative Council from Chinese re- siding in the Captured Territory of Hong Kong, and those who are to represent all sections of the people will be appointed by the Governor. The Co-operative Council will appoint one chairman and one vice-chairman from the elected members. The Chinese Representative Council will attend to the Co- operative Council's meetings to state their opinion. The opinion of the Council's chairman, president and members will be discussed and decided upon. After the opinions have been set forth and discussed, the Chinese Representative Council will present them to the Government. This Council will be established from the day of the publica- tion of this notice. -T4 - Enclosure No. 37 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS April 1, 1942. Hong Kong Government Public Notification No. © All Third Nationals are hereby notified that they are required to obtain new certificates, and must proceed themselves to obtain said new certificates in accordance with the proper procedure, as follows: Place of issue - The office of the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong, at the Foreign Affairs Section (former Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank Building) . Dates of issue — From Showa 17th Year, April 1 to 15. Times of issue — Daily within the period aforementioned from HW Sa. mn 01 Pp. Wm, and from 2 p. m. to 5p. m. Forms of application may be obtained at the above office. Documents required -— Passports, present certificates and any other documents verifying a person's nationality. Any person who gives false particulars as to name, country or other matter, or who employs improper methods to obtain a certificate, will be severely punished and certificates so ob- tained will be null and void. Certificates now issued must be given up at the time the new certificates are issued. Period of validity of new certificates — From date of issue to Showa 17th Year, September 30. By Order of the Hong Kong Government. Showa 17th Year, March 30. -T5 - ge No. 38 to report dated June 1, 1943 e subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS April 8, 1942. Hong Kong Government Public Notice No. 7 1. The followin h ving banks are to be Hon aac to be classed as en i : ee on Shanghai Banking Corporation; ChAT eTed 5 Se — India, Australia and China; Mer ’ ank o Pore LARC Sie tr Noh iotas Clie cantile Bank of India; Ban I BLrguren National City Bank of New York; Saas Belge ierican Express Company. Underwriters Savi ’ ! 1k; Tradi Snr al 15:04 ers Savings . Arr Irading Society; Nederlandsch Indische EA NsthieTlongs 2. The above enemy banks are to be liquidated ry . Th q wh C / - sala a S f “ 1l and the Bank of Taiwan, as follows: The ioham i in aw Specie Bank will liquidate the affairs of the g and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Chartered Bank of India 1 1al Australia and China, Mer . 1 a, lercantil an wa ; L'Etranger; e Bank of India and Banque Belge Pour Hong The Bank of Taiwan wi icuid Slip Tony or Roe Ei liquidate the affairs of the National , Chase Bank, American Express Company, Under- writers Savi ) ters Savings Bank, Netherlands T . ™ din 3 Indische Handelsbank. ading Society and Nederlandsch By Order of the Hong Kong Government. Showa 17th Year, April 7. - 78 « 9 to report dated June 1, 1943 Enclosure No. 3 "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." on the subject of THE HONGKONG NEWS April 8, 1942. Hong Kong Government Public Notification No. 13 es and articles deposited for safe— 1. The safe deposit box except such as belong to enemy keeping in the following banks, nationals will be released: - Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank; Chartered Bank; Mercantile Bank; National City Bank; Chase Bank; Banque Belge pour LL'Etranger; Netherlands Trading Society; Nederlandsch Indische Handelsbank; China Overseas Bank; China State Bank; Wing On Bank; Kincheng Bank- ing Corporation;Yien Yieh Commercial Bank; Bank of East Asia, Shanghai Commercial and Savings Bank; Manufacturers' Bank of China; Bank of Canton; China and South Sea Bank; Bank of China; Bank of Communications. ~The hours during which property will be released are from 10 a. m. to 4 p. m. daily. Sunday is a holiday. ed in these banks and safe deposit boxes 3. Valuables deposit od detailed below. If any therein must be collected during the peri person does not collect his or her property during the periods men- then he or she will be considered to have forfeited his or There will be no release of articles or ds detailed below. tioned, her right to the articles. safe deposit boxes after the perio elease of articles will be assigned in the ks:— Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank, Chartered tional City Bank, Chase Bank, Banque Belge andsch Indische Special periods for rT case of the following ban Bank, Mercantile Bank, Na pour L'Etranger, Netherlands Trading Society, Nederl Handelsbank. 4. The dates for release of articles, when depositors may obta their property, with the numbers of the boxes, follows: Chartered Bank.- Articles deposited for safety, special release date, May 18. Mercantile Bank.- Articles deposited for safety, May 8; special release date, May 18. National City Bank.- Articles deposited for safety, May 9; special release date, May 19. release on May € “70 - Public Notification No. 13 (Continued) Chase Bank.- Arti R,- cles deposited for boxes, May 9; special release date May ote and safe deposit Banque Belge Pour L > 'Etranger.- icl May 11; special release date roy uruteles deposited for s Netherlands Trading Society 11; special release date, May 20. I oN I 1 Nederlandsch Indische Handelsban : AQAA ANAT we A CLAL May 12; special release date, May 20 safety, - Articles deposited for safety: May < k.—- Articles deposited for : Bank in ti of China.- Articles deposited for safety, May 12 Chine seas Ban a Overseas Bank.- Articl Bank of Communications.- Art es deposited for safety, May icles deposited for safety ~ - i, Art lea deroai rtic.es deposited for safety, May 14. \g - dCLdd Gd onmme Cl al LN wo! . P ~~ St I h C i al alll NCL Y -’ I ank AT ticles e 0 1 € safety, May 15. Manufacturers Bank of Chi dl didlo ™ 15. China and South Sea Bank.- safe deposit boxes, May 13. Bank of Canton: he followir 5 llowir on the dates mentioned:- April 13: 1600, 1001-1101; 1301-1400; April 1800; April 20: €01-500 22: 601-700, 2001-2100; April 23; 1 "7. 1 dof 2 end S00 )0 0 01-1000, 501-600; April 25: 1401- deposited for safety. u : 1 = will be released on dates mentio: es : : ~~ ACT ALL AVA April 28: 101-200, 501-600: Apri 700, 801-900; May 1: 01-1000 40 safety. Kincheng Banking Corporation: Wing On Bank: The following on dates mentioned:- May 2: 30 May 5: 401-500; 501-600; May 6: KT'11C. ~ 1 Yien Yieh Commercial 12 1 Yieh Commercial BRank.- Artic Article x Articles deposited for safety vo 2 Ss deposited for s les deposited for a al $ 4 S fety, afet x ~ rl “3 Y ¥ yY anc 1g safe deposit boxes will be released 401-500, 2U0L~E200; April 14: 150i )1-300; April 16: 701 gi April 18: 1201-1300; 1601-1700, 2201-23 1101-1200, 2401-2500; April 2 1500, 1801-1900, all articles } Dn O\ ( wing safe deposit t 301-400, 501-600 201-300; April 3 rticles deposited Vo a fe deposit boxes will be 1 801-900; May 4: 601-700 we WL 01-1037, 201-300; May 7: 701-800 “lS = Public Notification No. 13. (Continued) Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank. The following are the numbers of boxes to be released, with dates mentioned. Special dates for re- lease in addition are from May 25 to May 30. April 13: 1401-1500, 2301-2400; April 14: 701-800, 5601-5700; April 15: 4501-4600, 6601-6700; April 16: 23401-3500, 2801-2900; April 17: 5101-5200, 401-500; April 18: 4001-4100, 6201-6300; April 20: 6001-6100, 1801-1200; April 21: 2601-2700, 4901-5000; April 22: 1001-1100, 3601-3700; April 23: 5401-5500, 2901-3000; April 24: 6301-6400, 4301-4400; April 25: 801-900, 2101-2200; April o7. 3801-3900, 201-300; April 2B: 6801-6900, 1301-1400; April 29: 4701-4800, 2501-2600; April 30: 5801-5900, 3001-3100; May 1: 1601- 1700-4201-4300; May 2: 2001-3300, 6101-6200; May 4: 1901-2000, 501- 600; May 5: 5201-5300, 1101-1200; May 6: 3501-3600, 2201-2300; May 7: 5501-5600, 4401-4500; May 8: 1501-1600, 6501-6600; May 9: 1-100, 2401-2500; May 11: 5901-6000, 3301-3400; May 12: 1201-1300, 5001-5100; May 13: 601-700, 3901-4000; May 14: 4601-4700, 6701-6800; May 15: 901-1000, 5701-5800; May 16: 2101-3200; 6901-7000; May 18: 1701-1800, 5301-5400; May 19: 2701-2800, 4101-4200; May 20; 6401-650 3701-3800; May Rl: 301-400, 2001-2100; May 22: 4801-4900, all article deposited for safely. Bank of East Asia: The following are the numbers of boxes to b released, with dates mentioned:- April 13: 1701-1800, 801-900; April 14: 2301-2400, 3401-3500; April 15: 201-300, 2701-2800; April 16: 1301-1400, 3901-4000; April 17: 5001-2100, 601-700; April 18: 3001-3100, 1501-1600; April 20: 2601-2700, 3701-3800; April 21: 1101-1200, 4201-4300; April 22: 401-500, 1801-1900; April 23: 3101- 2000, 2401-2500; April 24: 901-1000, 3501-3600; April 25: 3501-3600, 1401-1500; April 27: 2901-3000, 4001-4100; April 28: 2101-2200, 3201 3300; April 29: 501-600, 3801-3900; April 30: 1901-2000, 701-800; May 1: 4101-4200, 2801-2900; May 0. 301-400, 3301-3400; May 4: 1201-130 2501-2600; May 5: 2601-3700, 1601-1700; May 6: 2201-2300, 1001-1100; May 7: all articles deposited for safety. By Order of the Hong Kong Government Showa 17th Year, April T. -79 ~ , 40 to report dated June 1, 1943 he subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS April 12, 1942. NOTICE A 1 1 N Ww j aq nerd AS : a WHEL a residing in Hong Kong or Kowloon are hereb Set port to the Foreign Affairs Section of th y Kong Government on Thursday, April 17, at 11 a : e Hong The so £ A uthern entrance of the Government Building should be used. By Order of the Foreign Affairs Section, Hong Kong Government. Showa, 17th Year, April 11. REE og ; Encl Enclosure No. 41 to report dated June 1, 1943 . DY io report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation.” Ject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS THE HONGKONG NEWS April 14, 1242 April 14, 1942 NOTICE NOTICE i ng S is Bank of Taiwan, =m Bv order of Hong Kong Senryoti Sotoku, the a piniies have been entrusted with the liquidation of the followlng BY Offer of Hong Kong Senryoti Sototku, Bans all those who have claims against these Banks must register ; n 5 ii have been entrusted with the SE 3 10 the Liquidation Office during the period of 13th ng Banks. All those who have claims again aD Yokohama Specie on of the follow- anks must register nks during of Hong Kong hose who have pe ei t+ Q > o = Qu * ¥ = O@ J thei classe to the Ligeidation 0rfice STR SUC cq uring their claims to the Liquidation Office of a? " : 1842. Sse Whe De Be thelr claim Ie Derve of 13th April to 27th Apri x Shanghai Banking Corporation until } 1] not registered during the period mentioned Offices having their claims forfeited. dD Q + < ® oo Q ey 0 5 + OD oo QO @ 0 the period mention forfeited. ou to — 0 dD NN) et — un @ ~ e regarded as dt Sod» fred O ks | iguidati I tio rf Liquidation Jame of Banks in Liguidation Location of LiguiCatl >= 3 Name of Banks i ‘arnidats Pe Rac VE nec Ba Eo ueen's Road, Name of Banks in Liquidatior ition af T.irni Rati National City Bank of New York Chase Bank, 15-19, Qu a uidatio: ocation of Liquidation Offices Central yet x Chase Bank, 15-19, Queen's Road, : Central Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking 15-19, Queen's Road, Corporation Chase Bank American EXpPress Co. 1nc. Chase Bank, Central. ui | Chase Bank, 15-19, Queen's Road, long Kong & Shanghai Banking Central. Corporation (Kowloon Sub- |B a RA Age ; Nederlandsche Handel Chase Bank, 15-19, Queen's Road, gency) OP] tral. Maatschappij, N. V. Cen i a ary Indische Chase Bank, 15 19, Queen's Road, Handelsbank, N. y. Central Underwriters Bank Chartered Bank of India, Ol Australia & China 1artered Bank Bui 4A, Des Voeux Road, : : in Mercantil 1dia 1 of claims can be obtained at ihe c e Bank of India, Ltd ~ The forms foI registration Liquidation Office. Banque Belge pour 1'Etranger Hong Kong, 1lth April, 1942. (Extreme-Orient) S. i ws - Building 4A, Des Veoeux Road, Central. {E BANK OF TAIWAN, LIMITED. THE B The forms for registration of claims can Liquidation Office of the respective Banks. Hong Kong, 11th April, 1942. THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK, LTD. - 82 - 43 to report dated June 1, 1943 Enclosure No. Japanese Occupation." on the subject of "Hong Kong under THE HONGKONG NEWS April 16, 1942. Hong Kong Government Governor's Order No. 13 erritory of Hong Kong has enacted The Governor of the Captured T dealing with the governing of the the following rules for the Bureaus Captured territory of Hong Kong. RENSUKE ISOGAI, Governor of the Captured Territory 0f Hong Kong. Showa, 17th Year, April 16. for the Bureaus dealing with the governing of (Regulations Hong Kong.) ted for governing Article 1. The following Bureaus are appoin ureau; Kowloon the Captured Territory of Hong Kong:- Hong Kong B Bureau; New Territory Bureau. The position of the Bureaus and areas governed by them will be decided later. will employ the following personnel :- The Bureaus 3: Subordinate Chiefs, Article 2. ty Chiefs of Bureau, Chiefs of Bureau, 2; Depu 9S; Officials, 16. he Chief of Bureau under orders from the Chief of the will supervise the carrying out of the Governor's f the Bureau. Article 3. Governor's Office laws and attend to the pusiness 0 Article 4. The Chief of Bureau will direct and supervise his subordinates. 1f the Chief of Bureau should be otherwise occupied, will take charge of the Chief of Bureau's duties, Chief of Bureau be otherwise occupied, the Chief of bordinate chiefs to act f ty Office will depute one of the su -83 Governor's Order No. 13 (Continued) A 1 . " Article 6 The D fe Cte ©. 488 YSbUY Chief of Bureau wil Bureau in his business. 1 bureau will : ; Article 7. Each Bureau will as follows:- General Office establish Economic Office, Health Office Article T uti | etal ticle 8. The duties of the General general business; 2. To deal jo educational matters; 4 Office: - with financial plans; To handle other mat - andie other matters concerning ]. 7 i Al Uicle 9, The duties tthe Buonomic Oft vith industrial economy; % nomic Office are:- tion; 3. thy % Ho deal with communicati Ie te > a Vil JL munications al with necessities from raw materials Article 10. vith promotion of other diseases; 3 0f the Health Off re He abe vad To deal witl with medical supp Article 11. under the directior of Bureau. Article 12. superiors. Article 13. ommunications, branch offic Article 14. The da re dai : rders of the Chief head of Bureau This order shall take vi three subordinate of £ their To deal ded. fices - 84 — - EE - Enclosure N : closure No. 45 to report dated June 1, 1843 ne 1, 1943 on +The ecnibhieer [ Lr r the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation.” A LALOLLL. Enclosure No. 44 to report dated Ju Japanese Occupation.” on the subject of "Hong Kong under THE HONGKONG NEWS THE HONGKONG NEWS April 17, 1943. April 16, 1942. Hong Kong Government Hong Kong Government lic Notification No. 10 )] Governor's Order No. 14 oe A 1 alijieiou Fadi ac : : : ‘1 ; 1 eligious kodies, which are included i he The Governor of Hong Kong has determined the following places the Office of the Governor of tf C up id “aL CiliQl | Ne aD red Territory as the areas to be governed by the Bureaus. should they wish ie th PLUROS Worrs Lory j ag ne the practice or preachir any other activity connect AL laid down hereunder and Governor's Office through RENSUKE ISOGAI Governor of the Captured Territory will be c and will be order of Hong Kong. Showa, 17th Year, April 16. Particulars Hong Kong Area Bureau. Established in Hong Kong. This Bureau * Hong Kong and the small islands around will deal with all the island of Hong Kong, including Cheung Chau Island and Ping Chau Island. . NALIN € of and branches. Established in Kowloon. This Bureau will nd Tsun Wan. Kowloon Area Bureau. deal with Kowloon, Kai Tak area a Established in Taipo Market. This Bureau New Territory v Territories, except those areas under the will deal with all Kowloon Bureau. Wh + Ta What languages are A! + rl Nd Llonallily 1x71 + 1 oe V1 es £5 sil L v LAOS nization and position. Expenses running and penses of running and maintenance. 1 re be any hance nn +1 ; > any change in the above items wv notified beforehand with a request BY ORDER OF THE HONG KONG GOVERNMENT. Showa, 17th Year, April 16. - 86 - - 87 - overnor's_0 une 1, 1943 nor!s Qrder No. 18 (Continued) Enclosure No. 46 to report dated J on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation.” mins : eaching the Nipponese 1 S Language, which h o wv g - J ’ - ’ v “44 April 17, 1942. Article 4.- A rticle 4.- Any persons who h or who have not f ; ave not requested permissi have >rmi t AER USHOR RR aDIVE FOTLECAATE hill Tr or pot e considered to ¥ mn 6 A d th ] b 1 d 1 ~ + y th t h Hong Kong Government Governor's Order No. 15 : 5.- If a 5 : The attached regulations are ordered to be used in the conducting en deine to lags for the Nipponese language desires t ; of private classes for the Nipponese language. equest must be forwarded explaining Se 5nop ~ ha Eg Lh RENSUKE ISOGAI Attached Notice: - il. of Hong Kong. These classe = lasses wh ich have opened and described in Article 1 b - ticle 1 be- fore promul { mulgation of this , EF 3 i or : Showa, 17th Year, April 16. particulars as set forth parser must immediately forward their ein. Lid wh (Regulations for Private Classes in the Nipponese Language) Article 1.- In this order the term Nipponese language classes Tre- fer to classes having as their object instruction in the Nipponese language. If the course covers one year or more they are referred to as "schools." Article 2.— Any person wishing to open a class for teaching the Nipponese language must furnish the particulars below and transmit them through the local General Office requesting permission of the office of the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong to deal with the matter. IT, however, there are less than ten students and no fees are charged, then there is no need to comply with the order. Name of class Or school. Address of class Or school. Date of establishment (year, month and day) . Established by whom (antecedents to be attached). Teachers (antecedents to be attached). Scholastic terms and hours. Curriculum. Rules for the class OT school. Number of students. Fees. JOO DdDAD ISS oOo +88 - Enclosure No. 47 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS April 20, 1942. Hong Kong Government Fublic Notification No. 1% The following new names of streets and roads have been adopted for the Captured Territory of Hong Kong: Nakasumiyoshi-doril (formerly Connaught Road Central, from Murray Road to Connaught Road West). Nishisumiyoshi-dori (formerly Connaught Road West). Higashisumiyoshi-dori (formerly Gloucester Road, Wanchai). Nakameiji-coril (formerly Queen's Road Central, from Murray Road 10 Queen's Road West). Higashimeiji-cori (formerly Queen's Road East, from Parade Ground to Morrison Hill). Nishimeaji-coril (formerly Queen's Road West, from Queen's Road Central to West). Higashishowa-dorl (formerly Des Voeux Road Central, from Shanghai Bank to Western atket). Nishichowa-dori (formerly Des Voeux Road West, from Wing Lok Whari to the China Provident Godown). Higashitaisho-dori (formerly Kennedy Road, from Garden Road to Wanchai). Nakataisho-dori (formerly Upper Albert Road, from Caine Road to Garden Road and Caine kozd vhich is from Arbuthnot Road to Bonham Road) . Nishitaisho-dori (formerly Bonham Road, from Caine Road westward to Pokfulum Road). Yawata-doril (formerly Praya East, from Arsenal Street to Yee Wo Street). Kasuga-doril (formerly Yee Woo Street from Praya East to Causeway Road) . Higawa-dori (formerly Causeway Road, from Yee WoO Street to Caroline Road). Hokoku-dori (King's Road from Causeway Bay to the Sugar Refinery Izumo-dori (formerly Conduit Road, from Queen's Gardens to Hattol Road). Kirishima-dori (formerly Bowen Road, from Garden Road to Stubbs Road) . Katorido-dori (formerly Nathan Road, from Peninsula Hotel to Tai Po Road). Kashima-dori (formerly Prince Edward Road, from Taikoktsui Road to Kai Tak Road). Nioigamine (formerly Victoria Peak). - 89 - Public Notification No. 12 (Continued) Kyuriu-kyogij i jio (formerly King' Showashi : ng's Park near th my Statue Square outside Sons). merly Happy Valley, Race Course en ai Bank). Taisho Koyen (f ormerl i Government Houee). y Botanical Garden in front of the former Midorigahama (formerly Repulse Bay) Sanno-dai (forme rly Kennedy Town i Motohonkon (formerly Aberdeen) » western side of Hong Kong). By Order of the Hong Kong Government. Showa 17th Year, April 20. +00 « 48 to report dated June 1, 1943 Enclosure No. "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation. on the subject of THE HONGKONG NEWS April 20, 1942, Hong Kong Government Public Notification No. 13 9 issued by the Governor of the ’ S 111i of ts for the filling up : 8% Jom i111 make arrangemen Pia Tolon. 2 He i the Order free of charge, as stated rms conce : forms “ With reference to Order No. istrict Bureaus matter may request these Dis behalf. \ ite e is confined to those who cannot wr 1 ] The free servic BD pe ' ; . the reports or requests 1n the Nipp this free service 1S ] ge cf The period for taking advantag a ae. rom Showa 17th Year, April 19 to June Vii o A By Order of the Hong Kong Government. Showa 17th Year, April 17. - 91 - Enclosure No. 49 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS April 21, 1942 Hong Kong Government Governor's Order No. 18 With effect from Showa 17th Year, May 1, the following regu- lations will be applied for limitation of postal matter. RENSUKE ISOGAI , Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong. Showa 17th Year, April 20. All postal matter must show the name and address of the sender, and if the sender or receiver is not a Nipponese national then his nationality must also be indicated. matter intended for foreign countries, except the ublic of China and Manchoukuo, must be handed in to le main post office or a branch post office, and stamps are not to be affixed beforehand. Double envelopes and privately-made postcards are not to be used. This regulation, however, does not apply to postal matter intended for the Captured Territory of Hong Kong or for Nipponese territory, including Kwantung Leased Territory and the Southern Regions. Languages to be used in postal matter are limited to Nipponese, Chinese, Manchoukuoan and English. Persons contravening these regulations will have their postal articles confiscated. - 02 =- Enclosure No. 50 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." [HE HONGKONG NEWS April 21, 1942. Hong Kong Government public Notification No. 15 It is notified that any persons wishing to open a private » SL <1 be paid for according to the ine telephones musi be Pa dl VO LTE e Telephone Bureau. | quarterly and under, and paynent the First month of the next quarter: to June 30th; y September 30; to December 31st; larch 31st. - 105 ~ ARTICLE 19. —— If a telephone is installed within and in the course of one of the periods laid down in the previous Article, the charge will be calculated according to a daily rate based on the nual charge, but this charge is to be liquidated within 15 days 1fter installation of the apparatus. If there are new additional charges after installation, these ill be dealt with on the same scale. - 107 - - "106 - Enclosure No. 61 to report dated June 1, 1943 0 j n a ation.’ 60 to report dated June 1, ee dion.” | n the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation Enclosure No. eV 1 ; Kone under Japanese 0 siect cf "Hong Kong WI on the subject THE HONGKONG NEWS {ONG NEWS May 5, 1942 The Race Club NOTICE Announcement As a convenience, and with the agreement of the Hong Kong Announcemenly Sonryoti Sotokubu Zaimubu, the dates for release of safe cust articles deposited with the Mercantile Bank of India, Ltd. feited and to be changed to:- orfeite a m. May 3, 194% Av ip dy ated to Jodge a Claim for their a May 12, 1942. All f ’ Wednesday, May 13th, 1942. SPECIAL RELEASE DATE 0 per month inclusive of the Friday, May 22nd, 1942. riding boy. (i nstead of May 8th and May 18th respectively as previously advertised). The Race Club a 42 ———— ts —— te po sm — THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK, LTD., Auction of Ponies veld on Sunday, 3rd May, 1942, at y Aehadani A11 members and Aobadanl, nahi be made at the Club's Ww Liquidators, i F enective prospective Sane office within 48 hours a snt must The Mercantile Bank of India, Ltd. Showa, 17th - 108 - 1043 t dated June 1, +iAn “ a No. 62 to repor es Occupation. ant of "Hong Kong under Japanese on the s 1" THE HONGKONG NEWS May 8, 1942. Hong Kong Government Public Notification No. 20. that movement, Notice is hereby given that 20 Srents ¢ ntile goods as hereinunder mens ie ~ 1 © | 2 er os hibited unless permission has be prot nl i Territory f the Governor of the Captured Te Office © VA a merca nny bags, hemp, Goods affected:- Gunny bag ired, a Te If permission 1 uire Txee i Section of the Office Ol he Financil t f oF 18 Ter itory of Hong Kong and the issue O Territ 5 T] 4+ C 44 Mest Wow s req e By Order of the tong, Government Hong Kong Governi Showa, 17th Year, May 6. by the Hong Kong Government concerning the openin boxes, articles at the above bank is Showa, 17th Year, - 109 - Enclosure No. 63 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS May 12, 1942 Hong Kong Government Public Notice No. 14 In pursuance of the provisions of Public Notice No. ff or the undermentioned bank has been added to the list: Bank of East Asia (Kowloon Branch). The date for opening of safe deposit boxes and May 18. By order of the Hong Kong Government. Showa, 17th Year, May 12. o Of safe deposi 13 issued + for release of - 110 - ne 1, 1943 Ju : " to report dated Japanese Occupation. Enclosure No. 64 "Hong Kong under on the subject of THE HONGKONG NEWS May 14, 1942. Hong Kong Government Public Notification No. 22 May 18, : commencing Showa 17th Year, May Xo, Sots 1s barony giTen et, Sone vo sake application I all persons who Wh nce with Article 31 of the Tae et for the pur- pergission is 00 ors in person at the Telephone Bu Sricd II ihe Shan et that all the requirements as Spec pose. It is 1mp - PP y . BY ORDER OF THE HONG KONG GOVERNMENT Showa, 17th Year, May 12. - 111 - Enclosure No. 65 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS May 14, 1943 NOTICE Under instructions received from the Finance Department of the Hong Kong Senryoti Sotokubu the following banks will be open on the under-mentioned dates and conditions for completion of the special pay- ments up to HK$500.00 of all deposit liabilities in addition to current and savings accounts. Those who have previously withdrawn the allotted HK$ not entitled to further withdrawals during this period. A VW. Condition: —_ Withdrawals may only be made from personal ac from only one account of each individual. Funds may be drawn only by neutrals and non-enem: The premises from which payment shall be made Name of Banks in liquidation The Chase Bank The National City Bank of N. Y. Nederlandsche Handel Maatschappij N. V. Underwriters Bank for the Far East, Inc. American Express Co. Irc. Nederlandsch Indische Handelsbark N. ¥V. 4th. Dates of payment-May 15th to May 2 hours of 10 AM to 12 AM and 2 PM t which is a holiday. THE BANK OF TAIWAN, LTD., Liquidators. - 112 - 66 to report dated June 1, 1943 Enclosure No. "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." on the subject of HONGKONG NEWS May 14, 1942 Notice Under instructions received from the Finance Department of the Hong Kong Senryoti Sotokubu the following banks will be open On the under-mentioned dates and conditions for completion of the special payments up to HK$500.00 of all deposit liabilities in addition to current and savings accounts. Those who have previously withdrawn the allotted HK$500.00 are not entitled to further withdrawals during this period. Conditions: e made from personal accounts and 1st. Withdrawals may only b f each individual. from only one account 0 ond. Funds may be drawn only by neutrals and non-enemy Chinese. zrd. The premises from which payment shall be made Name of Banks in liquidation Premises of J 4 he Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation, Kowloon Branch.............cceeerreneeneee Chartered Bank of India, Australia & China............o-ceonc The Mercantile Bank of India, Ltd. Banque Belge pour 1'Etranger (Extreme Orient) Banque Belge pour SB... lhe oi 1'Etranger ~do- m The -do- 4th. Dates of payment-May 15th to May 25th inclusive during the hours of 10 AM to 12 AM and 2 PM to 4PM excluding Sunday which is a holiday. THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK LTD. , Liquidators. are as follows The Chartered Bank The Mercantile Bank - 113 - a 67 10 report dated June 1, 1943 Ject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS May 15, 1942. Hong Kong Government Governor's Order No. 20 The following regulations are enacted regarding the Analyt garding the Analytical Laborator £ d ry Oi the Offic e of the Govern Hong Kong. Governor of the Captured Territory of I y of RENSUKE ISOGAI, Governor, Captured Territory of Hong Kong Showa, 17th Year, May 11 ALYTICAL LABORATORY OF E CAPTURED TERRITORY OF REGULATIONS OF THE AN ART MN N OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR OF THE i 1C 1 —-— \v a 1Ca ad \ ALU dl \ i1€ cal Th An yt Cc abor: Y TY {} Bras y \ € Ie . - In < f pr va11eed 1 Tu 01 the Governor of the Cory a ve o I called Laporato ry) under the di . “ap tured Territorv of er the direction of the Gove ar 11lysis of min y of mineral ores and all othe e W Oo 0 00s ce ffic Alu ’ 'Ynor's Offic 3 nor's Oi \ 3 2 Nn = - ub stance Article 2 ap 11 3a LH The Laboratory will employ +1 tary, two labc i Si >1loy three chemists Y laboratory assistants and four assistant jaa an + assistants. Article : 2 .icle 3.- The chemists will take char yrders from thei i Lil Take charce of Hi from their superior officers oe ye ; luties under Sibir ‘ne secretary wil the orders of his superior officer Ft to Ras HL or officer. The laborator; 3 vt vn doe : 3 ~ ~ £ - - res nn on a, | + MW, 15 1LdNls vod 1 y iL - 4 A J ] car ut th di + 1 y Cr ~ “ A ~ 1 I 0 ell - alia ld > > undael Lhe helr superi . i perior officers. The assistants wi rt Llaboratorypsassistants. nts w: aid the chemis Artiste 4.- The Laboratory will to the attached tariff. X Note.- Id : This o:der is to come tion. TARIFF FOR ANALYSIS. l. Ores. - To determine naiure 0 ore, 1en oJ. i - 1 ny — y i ~~ Cc y - ii DU Pl A ad: ad Ir . n n » Y A € No, 1 » A 0 0 es A t 1MmoO e ) 2a, i Y © 1 Y 1 Y Ar Sen i ) : i i ~ ~~ 1C, Yen 10; Silicon, Yen 5: Silver Yen 20: Gold Ye 20 ’ ~ ’ » n . - - 115 - 4 :overnor's Order No. 20 (Continued) ! No. 20 (Continue Governor's Urce c Pa + ] a | an | S31 \ ny DR comp 1 my ar ~ ] vs] h Vy | ~~ » a w dom be but ule ba? y - a w= S ’ e ~ C i 1e7.C “ wd 30 Tea oil: Specific gravity, refractive index, fat value, Bismuth Ores.- Bismuth, Yen : alkali value, non-alkaline substances, acid contents, Baudoin 25. test, Yen 30. Cold Ores.—- Gold, Yen Yen . Qilicon, Yen O; Phosphorous, Sate on Hoop Rode. Wehlh. Iron Ores.— Iron percentages yen Refractive index, Yen 5. Yen 10. resis, Yen 25; mplete analysis, i igs. Yen 25; compl Partial Analysis, fa 2 ] 5 ven 20: Silicon, 1ien 5: Sulphur, oo d. Yen R25; Silver Lead Ores.- Lea b Yen 5; Gold, Yen 20; Zinc, Tung 0il: Specific gravity, refractive index, heat test, fat value, acid contents, water contents, Yen 30. Other vegetable oils, complete tests. 3 Van 1 Ss 1ClL ” Partial analysis, i ~ TY . \ neane st A AC Yen 15: Manganese Ores.-— Yangenes ’ = j - : ig wt Mineral oils.- Specific gravity, Yen 5; Test for slime, gjlicon, Yen 5: Phosp Test for sulphur, Yen 10; Test for viscosity, Yen 10; water contents, Penski Martin Test, Yen 5; Flash point, Penski Martin Test, Yen 5; Test for carbon residue, Yen 10. Partial analysis, Yen 29; ’ Pesce Pris ye : BA ; oe : Test for Tous, en al jh} 5. Fuels.- Water contents, carbon contents, waste, carbon ! Yen 25; residue, sulphur contents, calories, Yen 25. Molybdenum Ores.- Molybdenum, 1€n <9, : tan Of Phosphorous, Yen 10; Sulphur, Yen 7; Calories, Yen 15. silver Ores.- Silver, Yen 2 25: Lect Ye o: Silicon, Y 5. mpletle 6. WN Tin Ores.- Tin n 25: Leal ater.- Drinking water: analysis. Solid substances, hardness, ttrium Ores.- 7. Fertilisers.- Total nitrogen contents, organic nitro enous Y g g ance, non organic nitrogenous substances, arsenic, potassium substances, water contents, Yen 30. Wolfram Ores.- Wolfram, : 7 OR: . Zinc Ores.- Zinc, Yen 29; a ~ Yen 5. Partial analysis, Yen 2 Calmium, Cobalt, Copper, ] 1, Phocphoro ass Molybdenum, Nickel, orgus, as i Tin, Yttrium, Palladium, Zing, nA 111 Ww Las Antimony metals.- Ant Analysis of coins. Copper, Yen 5. : Pewter.- Tin, Yen ils: Specifi raviy, table oils.— Peanut and groundnut oils; Specific g 3. Vegela s.— Pe wl wt > > » WW n ’ fa C ue, Cl Ka y - 116 - 1k ny d [. ; — 0 4 4 n" t 1 su ; TEE HONCKCNG NEWS May 17, 12042. Motic ev — or —— 1 e Hongkong As previously announced by bie ro to release the under-mentioned Banks Th ea the followir i d Safekeeping 1len i s and sa Deposit Boxe Date of Release lew rk The National City Bank of New Yo The Chase Bank The Nederlandsch Indische Handelsbank, NN. 411 raatschappil, 3 a ndel Maatschafpr The Nederlandsche Ha - 117 - Enclosure No. 62 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS May 19, 1942. Hong Kong Government Public Notification No. 23 to prevent obstructio to traffic, all persons employ- structing for employment rickshas and sedan following places and the dates Lo] They must pay the “h chairs must stated in order to on receipt of the certificate: ads should apply to the bert Road on June 1 and June should apply to the Gov- hima-dori (formerly Prince between the hours of 10 a. m. fees for sedan chairs. By Order of the Hong Kong Government. Showa, 17th Year, May 18. - 118 - June 1, 1243 No. 70 to report dated ahd ng of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation TEE HONGKONG NEWS May 21, 1942. Hong Kong Government —- e 1 wed Thomas Cook ait. w 00; E. D. Sassoon Banking Co.; Credit Foncier d'Extreme Orient b iquidated. ©. The above enemy ranks are to be liquidate The liquidation of these tanks 1S entrusted to the Yckohama 2. e li \ ines Specie Bank and the Bank of Talwan. The Yo 0 al e Bank YY od U€ oJ 1d id to in I Sp t Cl Thomas the Crecit The Bank of Taiwan will be liquidators 1n respect of ih I he Ban y ¢ill G'Extreme Orient. By Order of the Hong Kong Government. Showa, 17th Year, May <0. Showa, ~-119- osu e No. 71 to report dated June 1, 1943 ubject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." r S THE HONGKONG NEWS May 24, 1942. Hong Kong Government Public Notification No. 25 : There is nothing to prevent those possessing damaged houses from carrying out repairs; but before undertaking such work they must first prepare documents of ownership, or copies of such docu- nents, together with plans showing the position of the houses, and foppard these to the Building Section of the Communications’ De- Fiment of the Governor's Office, reporting the matter. icant The ap- must await issi od : : re permission, except in the case of minor repairs hich permission will not be necessary. Forms for reporting may be obtained at the Building Section. By Order of the Hong Kong Government. 17th Year, May 23. - 120 =~ Enclosure No. 72 to report dated June 1, 1943 ! on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation. " THE HONGKONG NEWS May 24, 1242. Notice The time for limited payments in accordance with the notice 14th May issued by us under instruction of the Hong Kong Al i By CUrder of the Hong Kong Government. Showa, 17th Year, May 30. - 123 - Enclosure No. 75 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kon under Japan g g F €Se occupation.’ THE HONGKONG NEWS Nay 31, 1942 Hong Kong Government (Supplement to Governor's Order No. 21) Hong Kong Regulations for Police Punishments. Article 1. These regulations are ap living in the areas ruled ‘by the Govern tory of Hong Kong. In the case or Nipponese nationals the regula- tions are applicable to those cases in which there is no other Nipponese lay to be applied. Article 2. Persons transgres plicable to al] persons Or of the Captured Terri- Sing any of the following items will be liable to imprisonment under three months or a fine not exceeding Yen 500:- l. Refusal to attend to ficient cause. Ss an off; cial summons without suf- 2. Making a false statement to Officials, or to make 7 statement which is called for, 3. Failing to carry out the epidem rcdical or Sanitary regulations, of the officials. 4, Interfering with the tran livery of postal matter. 5. Falsely reporting nationality, place of origin, residence, name. age, social standing or Profession in secur- g board or in obtaining passage on a steamer. 6, Falsely assuming an official scholastic title, or falsely wearing similar matters, with the object of 7. Making a false report to an helping a third party to make a false 8. Interfering with the w body organized or interfer refusing ic regulations, other or transgressing any other order smission, collection or de- 1%} 4 rank or title or a medals or orders, or deceiving a third party. official, or knowingly report, orking or planning of any public to be organized for the public benefit, or ing with the establishment of such a body. 9. Obstructing any traffic route by blocking it with carriages, carts, cars, boats, furniture or any other object which lay constitute an obstruction. 10. Making any unnecessary noise lyin drunk in any place of free traffic. 11. Refusing to obey tr 12. Erectin 13. Going or leave. 14. Doing any act which will obstruct the f or a drain. g down or getting affic orders. € open air stalls in forbidden ar eas. in or out ofr areas which it is forbidden to enter low of a stream - 124 - tr + \ Supp. to Governor's Order No. 21 (Continued) m : . y co vr ES ve ‘vada m3 A S 15. Doing wilful damage to public gardens, roads, bridges or embankments. i 16. Doing wilful damage to the lighting systems of other people, Re LIE Wd dL UAW GET v v fh, the fixed lights of any public garden, road, temple, or or putting oul the [iXed ligh any other public 1i up a fierce dog or any other fierce animal. Ny Bot TR ver Tp 1f. Failing LO 18 Without good reason, releasing ancther person's boat, raft, lt f vba “wu SY « WAN, 4 cow, horse, or any other animal 19 Allowin umbers exceeding the limit to board or to enter ~ a 8 ve NS oh 4 5 LaNAlRK ~~ - h Ad - a ship, car, lift, or public meeting place ot : 4 W130 20. Damaging or staining fixtures in any public place. 21 Opening or closing a street ater fountain without suf- ficient reascn : A fod 22 Polluting drinking water, or interfering with its use or stopping its flow. 02 Desecreatine temples, Buddhist halls or churches, graves, similar objects. dancing, music or making any other noise ons to the public in a theatre, cinema or bly. ce which is harmful to public safety and reports and rumours with the object of and unreliable statements and adopting public order. peeches concerning } political a materials f 1 affairs or other rs, out of doors. 1 g purposes without » a r buile C » nl ; 3] ] g es the vicinity of a house, other building, i le eoods, r a mountain or field. Firing cra rs without permission. 3. Hon 0 s or residents of damaged houses, who by failing 0 repair the dangerous parts, endanger the life of pedestrians. - Ci Cl Ad Waa “wolliy - VUUD L va VO, Ad Ald : ; : 324 Hiding in an unoccupied house, or unwatched buildings or ships. . 35. Leid ne anywhere without a fixed address or employment. Va aly A -5 ALLY (v7 ¥¥ .. v : 36 Acting badly or interfering in a place of worship, celebra- tion or procession : 37 Taking fruits and vegetables or cutting trees and flowers in a public ground or another person's field or garden. 38 Intending to obtain an unjust profit by inserting a boastful or false advert snt in a newspaper or magazine 39 In conducting a newspaper or magazine, compelling another , cond ing 8 : person to buy it or forcing arother person to insert an advertisement, wo A v - \ Wi “ 4 — S 1 or forcing another person to subscribe to the paper or magazine, or delivering papers and magazines without subscription, or forcibly re- questing payment for an unsubscribed advertisement. ee : 40 Holding in possession, or purchaSing or selling, or receiving and delivering smuggled and illegal goods. - 125 - Supp. to Governor's Order No. 21 (Continued) 41. Practising hypnotism on a person. 42. Practising gambling and similar conduct. 43. Without reason, forcing an interview with another party and using intimidation in conduct. 44. Forcibly requesting a donation, and forcibly selling goods or tickets, or requesting a reward for acts and labours forcibly done. 45. Illegally making or using another person's name card, etc. 46. Wearing strange clothing, or talking and behaving in a queer manner, and loitering and refusing an official order. 47. Following a person without a lawful reason and pursuing him. 48. Being a beggar, or compelling another person to act as a beggar. 49. Acting wrongly towards another person's business, or obstruct- ing it. o0. Preventing another person tendering, or forcibly requesting another to join in tendering, or obtaining a share of business or money profits from a successful tenderer. Ol. Interfering in another person's money transactions without S53. Failing to keep clean even after an official request. 4. Collecting filth and dust in one's house so as to endanger public health. S50. Making water in a street, park and other publicly visible place, or compelling another person to do so. Spitting in a street, park and other public places. . Decelving the public with false statements foretelling good or evil fortune, or supplying the public with charms, or giving people charms to carry on their persons. C8. Obstructing medical attention by supplying persons with charms and religious potions. ©9. Neglecting to take care of mentally disordered persons and letting such loiter out of doors. 60. Committing prostitution, or acting as intermediary in com- mitting prostitution. €l. Being naked or acting in a disgraceful manner in a public place. 62. Harbouring in one's own premises some young or old disabled, sick persons in need of some help without reporting them, or having dead corpses without reporting them to the authorities. 63. Camouflaging a human dead body, or holding an autopsy, or burying or cremating without permission. 64. Burying or cremating outside of a public graveyard or cremat- ing place. 65. Discarding without reason the carcass of a dead animal, or any other filthy matter, or contravening the health regulations. 66. Adulterating drinkable or edible substances with a view to making a profit. 67. Displaying or selling unripe or rotten fruit or rotten meat. or other harmful edible or drinkable substance for a profit. ~~ OM QO ~ oa) a sees ts aay - 126 - Supp. to Governor's Order No. 21 (Continued) : died of 68. Selling or handling birds or animals that have a1 ele 3 Ir food. ie . 2 : call of SE oingss hi as doctors or midwives to attend at he on + 9 a ch : sick persons or pregnant women about to five OS SD crLien Bea Pr ; ason the boundary y 1 reason t 70. Removing withou ETI | boundary stones. - OLA aT oF DL A erure houses, huts or walls on public land w p fa. ’ 's dirty- 2. Dirtying or pasting up papers on another's house or y : tice. ting of a house, or any other no 3 CS ansantahy ie C73 Unreasonably oppressing or obstructing > - . y P P g - y ese Wh eh - wi dod y save A y r AA t OI will likew e b P 1c d b ha iced according to circums tances. Se 1 eg 1 la tio S me il 0 Irce - om e e Ol pu lica n. Pe] " co nt fo + d % 1 b t By Order of the Hong Kong Government. - 127 - Enclosure No. 76 to re port dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS June 3, 1942. Hong Kong Government Public Notification No. 27 With reference to the Governor's Order No. 9, Item 21, para- graph 2, concerning requests for permission to carry on a business, in which it was stated that necessary documents and plans must be at- tached to the original application, from this date, excepting for special businesses such as the arrangements of restaurants and barber shops or other establishments needing careful consideration, these need not now be attached. With regard to the details, Gendarmerie station of his distri Office for inquiries. the applicant may visit the ct or the District Bureau General By Order of the Hong Kong Government. Showa, 17th Year, June 1. CA A ABP - 128 - [pl - 129 ~ Enclosure No. 77 to report dated June 1, 1943 on ‘he subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation.’ ' N Enclosure N 78 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS June 3, 1942 HONGKONG NEWS June 4, 1242 Public Notification No. 28 Hong Kong Government With reference to Public Notification No. 21 dated Showa 17th Year, May 11, the following changes concerning the handling of mail ——————— ——— ——— —— — I ——— |" ——— for Nipponese nationals residing in the Imperial captured areas of the Southern Regions have been made, to come into force Showa 17th the names of the hospitals and clinics cont 0 +he Cove rnnr ) 3 . 1 the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hon 1l1ed E oh GA ro y the Office oc Kono wit heir g Kong, with their Year June 1: : ocations and special services, are as folloys: "Burma" is to be added after the former British colony of "Borneo" in Article 2; 5 ong Kong Fublic Hospital in Nishitaisho-dori, formerly ‘elhersole Hospital, for medical and surgical cases. In Article 4 concerning the method of addressing letters, for "Former British Borneo" the term "Borneo" Field Post Office for Fong Fong Maternity Hospital in Western Street, for erly Tsa Trancmission must be written. Letters may now be sent to Burma by tuk respital, for maternity cases. addressing them "Rangoon" Field Post Office for Transmission. mong Kong Mental Diseases Hospital, in Eastern Street former— By Order of the Ly 1 Hospital, for receiving mental cases Le oo are Nn fort 3 Ml : r Hong Kong Government. rong rong Infectious Diseases Hospital, at Sannc-dai, Hong Kon lormerly the Hong Kong Infectious Diseases Hospital 9 cote: ong Showa, 17th Year, May 30. 111 cases of infectious diseases. S ; & ong Leprosy Hospital, at Sanno-dai, Hone Kone Bi ha Pl rong Long Leper Settlement, for receiving cases of leprosy wo wt U Lone Clinic add : \ ™ : ; ‘in Long Ulinic, atl Un Long, New Territories, formerly the Ui | 1 rn vi 1: es : es . ’ wl - VALCO “/ ong C, lor medical and surgical cases. ; po Clinic, at Taipo, New Territories. for 1 e Tairo viinic, lor recelving medical and surgical cases : By Order of the Hong Kong Con el ent. owa, h Ye June 3. - 130 - Enclosure No. 79 to report dated June 1, 1943 li on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation. THE HONGKONG NEWS June 4, 1°42. Hong Kong Government Public Notification No. 30 are ign i >athing in the sea in The following places are ignated for bathing LI des thie Captured Territory of Hong Kong: 1. Hong Kong Island.- From the western end of Midorigahama to . , A Willy 2 ANA. - ; ; TE —— : northern end of Big Wave Bay within the shore lines marked by 101 VAC i Clik .« iE J the Governor's Office. the special notices by the Hong Kong 2 Kowloon.~ From the 13th Milestone (the shore at the Brewery) on the east to the southwest point of Castle Pea in the shore lines marked by spe 3. In the city areas of Hong Kong and Kowloon, permission has . ad i “owe bY hood J ng pools. been granted for special baihi: From this date, it is forbidden to bathe in tl x this date, 11 i I SEE nit Fong Kong (ihat is west of a line jolning Lo ro! a 4 - shi rnite the © + ws yoint of Point and east of a line joining Lhe Soutayes! p Yau of 2 est point of Green Island), or in the waters and the southwest | Motohonkon Bay and Motorhonkon Channel. > 0 1D { C L + By Order of the Hong Kong Covernment. Peake Bay, with- * 34 Cry 3 ~! £PFimro cial notices by the Governor's Office - 131- Enclosure No. 80 to report dated June 1, 1943 cn the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." HONGKONG NEWS June 6, 1942. Public Notice Articles deposited with the Canton branches of Shanghai Bank, Chartered Bank of India, Australi: a National City Bank of New York will be returned to the following conditions: and China and quested, within the time and at the places stated, to produce ceipts for the articles deposited, together with the insur Persons who have articles deposited with these banks are re— to the offices of the liquidators of the respective banks to apply for the return of their articles. - In the event of owners of articles being unable to go to th r a vr hea O + Led, liquidator's offices in person in the time pres send receipts of deposits by letter to the liquidators' office ing application for the return of their articl es, If the owners of articles fail to observe these conditions, shall be regarded as having surrendered their privileges as de- positors. Dates for the release of articles: Hong Kong and Shanghai B: June 22 and June 23; Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China June 24; National City Bank of New York, June 25. Time: From 10 a. m. to 12 noon Places: At the premises of the respective banks. Liquidators of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank and the Charte Bank of India, Australia and China: The Yokohama Specie Bank, Li Canton branch, Liquidators of the National City Bank of New York: The Bank Taiwan, Limited, Canton branch. Showa, 17th Year, June 5. OD their owners unde “wo Hong Kong and SS SPOS itm Ri Ea LJ A ——————————— ——_— a i - 132 - Enclosure No. 81 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation.” HONGKONG NEWS June 6, 1942. Articles held in Safe Custody by the Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation, KOWLOON, except such as belong to enemy Na- ticnals, will be released on the following dates: June 8th, 10 a. m. to Noon & 2 p. m. t0 4 m. June 9th, 10 a. m. to Noon & 2 p. m. to 4 m. P. p. at the premises cf the Kowloon Branch. The Yckohama Specie Bank, Ltd., The Liquidator of The Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation. - 133 - Enclosure No. 82 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." HONGKONG NEWS June 6, 1942 Notice By Order of Hong Kong Senryoti Sotoku, the Bank of Taiwan, Limited, have been entrusted with the liquidation of the following bank. All those who have claims against this bank must register their to the liquidation office of the bank during the period of 28th May to 6th June, 1942. Those who have not registered during the will be regarded as having their claims forfei Name of Bank in Liquidation Location of Liquidation )ffice of the Bank Chase Bank Office, Meiji Dori No. 15. nn ~ rn . ' + "ho YY £ for Yo SE on 4 “w Td ert enn om ihe forms for registration of claims can be obtained at the liquidation office of the bank above mentioned. THE BANK OF TAIWAN, LTD. May, 1942. Bsoimmminaonis: § 4 i } - 134 - Enclosure No. €3 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS June 9, 1942. Hong Kong Government ~ Governor's Order No. 26 The Office of the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong has enacted the following regulations concerning the censor- ship of cinematograph films for entertainment: Regulations for censorship of cinematograph films for entertainment by the Office of the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong. ARTICLE 1. - Persons wishing to film or exhibit films in the areas controlled by the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong must first submit to censorship by the Office of the Governor. ARTICLE 2. - Persons applying for censorship of films must write down the following particulars, attaching a copy of the film or script and apply to the Information Bureau of the Office of the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong for perusal and await permission from the Governor. The date of censorship will be an- nounced to the applicant by the Chief of the Information Bureau. After the applicant has been notified he should attend on the date fixed at the place appointed or send his representative there: l. Applicant's nationality, address and name. 2. Name of film, number of reels, place of making and date when made. 3. Name of director and chief actors. ARTICLE 3. - Films which offend in the following items will be forbidden or the offending part will be cut. l. Failing in respect to the Imperial Family. Adverse to the national policy or oppose it. 3. Harmful to confidence in the armed forces or their of- ficers and men. Harmful to military administration or national defence. Harmful to the reputation of Nippon's allies. Helpful to enemy countries, or countries with inimical tendencies or causing pleasure to an enemy country or aiding in causing pleasure. 7. Disturbing the order or safety of the community, or harm- ful to their customs. Films which for any other reason should not be shown. nN oO OWA - 135 - June 6, 1942 : ARTICLE 4. - If after censorship it has been decided that a film shall not be shown or that it shall be cut, the applicant may not repeat his application, or if it be shown the film will be confiscated. ARTICLE 5. - The Chief of the Information Bureau will grant a permit for films that have been investigated and found suitable for showing. : ARTICLE 6. - Films that have been censored, if the necessity arises later, may be forbidden, cut or confiscated. N ARTICLE 7. - Films to be shown will not be charged for censor- ship. Films that are being made will be charged a censorship fee for each reel. (1,000 feet) of one military yen. Films which are for the public good may be exempted from this charge. These regulations come into force on Showa, 17th Year, June 5. RENSUKE ISOGAI, Governor of the Captured Territory Hong Kong. Showa, 17th Year, June 5. - 136 - Enclosure No. 84 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS June 9, 1942. Hong Kong Government Public Notificaicn No. 31 It has been decided to establish a Hong Kong Cinema Co-operative Association to handle the showing of films in the areas controlled by the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong. By Order of the Hong Kong Government. Showa 17th Year, June 8. - 137 - Enclosure No. £5 to report dated June 1l, 1243 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS June 11, 1942. § Hong Kong Government | Public Notification No. 22 J Regulations for Typhoon Signals. } 1. Typhoon signals are divided into three kinds: | (a) Typhoon warnings; ; (b) Typhcon arrival signals; (c) Typhoon suksidiary signals. a rv ho y vr Po - - 4 1 i <. Typhoon warning signals will be of the 2 or kind laid do | in the first Schedule for No. 1 Signal. 3. Typhoon arrival signals will be of down in the First Schedule for No. 5 to No. a : ri) 4. Typhoon suksidiary signals will be of the sha or kind laid down in the Second Schedule for No. 1 and No. 2 Si * 85. Typhoon signals are divided into day and night signals, o the shapes and kinds laid down in the First and Second Schedules 6. Public notices will be issued at the same time as the warn- ings in these regulations telling vessels to move to safe anchorage 7. Typhoon signals will be displayed at the following places : (a) Harbour Office Flagstaff; (b) Kowloon Railway Sta- tion Flagstaff; (c) Okservatory Flagstaff; (d) Kowloo i Godowns Flagstaff; (e) Kowloon Reservoir H 11 Flags | g f CSCI I ] f) Laichikok Flagstaff; (g) Kowloon Meterolo I + L ( le tien Flagstaff; (h) Lyemun Flag on ~ £0 add, : 8. All typhoon signals will be under the care of the Hong Kc District Bureaus. By Order of the Hong Kong Government. Showa, 17th Year, June 10. AO Enclosure No.86 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS June 11, 1942. Hong Kong Government ation No. 33 Public Notific ispuse or broadcast, shipping must lowing instructions When typhoon warnings are take refuge accordin pO. l. vessels (5,000 tons and over):- land (Stonecutters); Passage through Lyemun according to Navy. x - 9 oD 5 [0] nd 18 are set aside (numbers of buoys Lec C the Water Department), ships to moor without causing obstruction. dine 10 Jing ( 2. Anchorage for medium-sized vessels (under 5,000 tons and above 1,000 tons):- Yaumati Bay (outside typhoon shelter); ace ) ) y; d) If unable to make these places, they may anchor in e arge vessels. 3. Anchorage for small Ve + s ( take refuge in Yaumati Bay, Causeway B anchorage. under 1,000 tons):- These may ay or any other approrpiate 4. Vessel 1 fairway or foul another vessel. 5. Anchoring vessels must not move in such a way as to obstruct shelter in the anchorages. boats or military launches taking By Order of the Hong Kong Government. Showa, 17th Year, June 10. ine buoys. Nos. B, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 cltered anchorages must not obstruct th - 159 - Enclosure No. 87 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupati THE HONGKONG NEWS June 12, 1942. Notice The following enemy banks whose liquidation has nryoti S 11 ope us by the Hong Kong OI dation dividend of all iabi dermentioned conditio I respective liquidation offices. 1. Liquidation payments will start on June 15th Year. on. 2. The ratio of payment will be 20% of balances Special consideration owever, will be Institutions, Hospitals, 3 f the amount to be paid to any one deposi 4 pe ~~ 1 1 1 ~ X v - $5, 000, payment will be supgject to arrang 4 Where clients are ebted to any one of ft liquidation such debts will be considered a1 lividend 1 ne t vad any dividend to be received. og A 34 = + 13 wl I Wh rv es red c A limitation € p-accd On all payne ~ 4 | ' -~ rane dora ff onc OI LO 1Lhose UCL USL LULL WD considel ed 01 encmy m1 R YVR rae ha rah i 3153 red + ¢ The arrangement y ind dual deposit to withdraw $500.- 5t111 in force a ¢ a wo ib ’ ~ y - J ~ AY entitled to this pa; 1t are urged to ply early date ry anl 3 T 3 rit rind 3 ry rs Bank in Liquidation P Chase Bank Chas National City Bank of New Nederlandsche Handel Maatsch N. V. Credit Foncier D'Extrem Underwriters Bank for the Far East, e-0rient THE BANK OF TAIWAN, LTD. Liquidators. i { 1 § f i { | | al + wre YTS wlICWa 1/10 8 £ aepos LT i L 11 1 | +n Charts QO Lildal Llc 3 : § 3 £ Oo orl i cXCeeds j i J 5 § § : ~~ 3 ac 4 ¥ - 1’ T i > v i rarnter i A wuld. oe Near i Cc PC } y a lie : Oh 3 - + £ - L C § { i 3 i f ¥ - Pavment J L \ * aylllc i i ! i » Rn Zz i Ddllih . ~~ (Ye 1A a woe (10) oem ale rwriters B _ wm a I'a py + I “ ral Last “ " ! nC} Oe | —C Oo i a0 : a gh Enclosure + - LO us ' the under e respe -3 No. mentioned cond - 140 - €8 to rerort dated June 1, on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occu 1C43 SL THE HONGKONG NEWS June 12, 1 i mv banks The following enemy kanks Z vy ruvoti Sotokubi by the Hong Kong Senryoti Sotokubu ; ‘J \ . tT oii 111 PAT Hong Kong dollar ae Depositors should itions. 1942. Notice nn os po vhose liqui a datio W i 1 ] O I ctive liquidation offices. Liquidation pa The ratio of Special c« - I - onsicd Institutions, » wl 5 7vy “ ‘here clients dation, such d The arrangeme! Ser cir APEFVEY : to withdraw J50( Hong Kong and yments wi ayment wi eration, Hospitals are 11 el 1 . 13 cbts Ww ] Liquidati Shangha Corporation Hong Kong and C1 choi shangnal 2 1 however, Qn} 1 vt A and Schools, etc. received. Corporation (Kowloon Chartered Bank of India, and China Belge Banque g Thomas Cook & E. D. THE YOKCHA Cr or ~ 0 Nn Ww 1 be ! 11 ‘start on Jui 20% ol bal MO will be d to any one depc to arrangement ted to any one be considered ced on all ¢ 3 ~ o considered of ¢ dividual depo +111 n force 1 are urged to on Banking Ch Ba king Branch) Australia Fo Ltd. Sassoon Banking Co., MA SFECIE BANK, L Ltd, Former been entrusted ray the first Lities on for payment at “ x howa 17th X ©¢ eposit 3 es 3% on 0 Lhartiable¢ 3 A sxceeds §5,000- Nn liqu 1 “ 1 4 laim agains ‘7 tionalce Y! 0 ter Dern tt ec pe! : ose clients e at an Payment Bank kameiji-dori AO hartered Bank, Higashishowa-Dor] Mercantile Bank, Nakameiji-dori D IYI ‘BY wane el] o e LOUlI L Ft; Aris, ge | 4a Higashishowa-dori C tered Bank, 43 Higashishowa-dori Chartered Bank, 4a Higashishowa-dori - 141 - Enclosure No. 89 to report dated June 1, 1943 ; on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS June 12, 1942. Hong Kong Government Public Notification No. 32 i Schedule 1. Typhoon Signals No. 1 Signal Typhoon approaching Hong Kong. 4 } No, § Signal -— Cale expected from northwest. ! No. 6 Signal Gale expected from southwest. No. 7 Signal Gale expected from northeast. | No. 8 Signal — Gale expected from southeast. No. 9 Signal — Wind force increasing. No. 10 Signal Typhoon centre closing but direction uncertain. Wind force increasing. Schedule 2. Subsidiary Signals ’ No. 1 Signal Typhoon approaching. No. 2 Signal Gale expected or typhoon centre closing, wind force increasing. Explanation of Signals 1. No. 1 Signal means that a typhoon ing signal without certainty. nay come, but it is a warn- 2. Nos. B, 6, 7, and 8 Signals do not indicate the fore wind, but the direction from which a gale may be expec travelling from 40 to 60 miles per hour is called a ¢ signals are hoisted small boats should make for typhoon ref S large vessels should prepare their storm anchors. All others should prepare shelters, and houses should shut their doors and window -dd 3. Subsidiary signals are for display on isolated islands or fishing coves. - 142 -~ 3 Enclosure No. S0 to report dated June 1, 1243 ~ 143 cn the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation." Enelosure No. 91 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hone Kong ng ng under Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKONG NEWS June 25, 1942. THE HONGKONG NEWS The Hong Kong Government June 24, 1942. The Hong Kong Government Public Notification No. 36 PiliY in Misisims a Public Notification No. 27 LJ The Covernor's Orders No. 23 and 24 having now passed through An alteration hat ois Lary Us the Medical and Dental Committee of the Office of the Governor of the sf letters sent to Nirnouos made to the method of writing the address 74S Sent 10 Nipponese nationals residing in the Im ial Captured Territory of Hong Kong, all those who in future desire to Captured Territories of the Qem+th . Imperia ; ti : m i a ’ 3 *ort-ULL6S 01 The Southern Regi a Iaid devin 3 : practise medicine or dentistry in the Captured Territory of Hong Kong 4 of Public Notification No. 21 of n hegions, as laid down in Section ie J : * re. wv INO UI Ld 200 NO. 10 Show = a Foes a on or after June 25 must send in as soon as possible a request for Sumatra~Palembane Field Paci i, BS a 17th Year, May 11, for 3 3 "oS 1 0 Hdlls FAELlQ FC v Ulllce ry ] nissior " permission to do so to the Office of the Governor ol the Captured e for transmission Territory of Hong Kong. With reference to the method of complying Letters sont (o the Southern sept Sis 3 + : bh 2 ™ 1 y : shy <> WL AGLI ell OF 11M Aa + re - i y with the above orders, application may be made to the Health Section dressed "Sumatra-Medan Field AP 10n of Sumat be ad- ’ > ks ar. 5. i «d=mcuall rle.ld Post ( i “a f vcs “ of the Governor's Office or to the Nipponese-Chinese Medical Associa- v ce for transmi tion for further information. Letters ser ; ; 43 “ Ye a 0 n section of Surat spd dressed "Sumatra-Mc yale Rett s Pa e - By Order of the a? Ior transmission." These alterations are eff 1 erat 1 I ctive from Showa 17+ Vara Jins 20. Hong Kong Government. Showa, 17th Year, June 20. ; y Kone Government ng Governm ent Showa 17th Y bea ei Sats ol - 144 - ted June 1, 1943 Fnclosure No. 92 to report da ; : a subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation. THE HONGKONG NEWS June 25, 1942. Public Notice Purchase of Police Dogs y V 16 I 110: J f H ng Kon . 2 t t+ t 4d ~ J i ari 11 haa r vided 1 No a er wha y Kine of bi esd. C 0gs Wl.ll be Pu cl ased Pl 0 Ee AY : C 14 + 13 " at eas Six nonLig 0.0 19 ca do police work in good >ondiitlon and a cdo | 1 Ney n wu » ( 1 June 30 (Tuesday) at 10 a . BT Purchase: - 2. Dates and Places of Pu 's Office. and ov 2 vp te . 3 nor at the Military Training Ground behind Lhe Govern Oe posite the Gendarmerie Headquarters. July 1 (Wednesday) a 4 hu Hote on the vacant ground east of the Toa Hotel. 3 Prices and the number of Dogs Valea: "8 l Yen 50 3 fron wanted is about 50. The prices are from : Wantec sili d its capabi on the condition of the dog and its capa is Yen 100. average following: (a) applications (b) dogs must have collars 4. Sellers must bear in mind the e made at the places mentioned above; ha ins; (c¢ if the dogs are fierce they must be i 1 be paid on the spot and sellers are there fo © Ass $b ne their chops with them; (e) other particulars and Seals or ™ from the Veterinary Department of the Governor's Office { A 1 O (ad) price muzzlieaq, advised to bring yy 2 iQ 1 A [ a . ow Cl . [ r ed taln Telephone 39524. - 145 - Enclosure No, 93 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation. THE HONGKONG NEWS June 26, 1942. Hong Kong Government Public Notice No. 14 Concerning the removal of persons inhabitating the areas at Kai Tak airfield, where the airfield is to be expanded: Persons living in Area No. 1 (northwest of the present Kai Tak airfield) have to remove by Showa 17th Year, August 10, Persons living in Area No. 2 (composed of three sections on the west, north and east of the present Kai Tak airfield) have to remove Ly the last day of December, Showa 17th Year. Those persons who have not removed by the appointed dates will be forcibly removed. Persons wishing to construct houses near the above Areas 1 and 2 must first obtain permission to do so from the Office of the Governor of the Captured Territory of Hong Kong. Instructions for removal may be obtained from the Kowloon Bureau or the Association for the Removal of People of the Kai Tak Airfield Expansion Works. By Order of the Hong Kong Government. Showa 17th Year, June 25. ~- 146 ~ Enclosure No. 94 to report dated June 1, 1943 on the subject of "Hong Kong under Japanese Occupation. " THE HONGKONG NEWS June 27, 1942. Hong Kong Government Instructions Issued to Restaurants Restaurants and eating houses have been issued with a list of o instructions by the Health Authorities regarding precautionary measures against cholera. The list contains 14 rules, which are as follows: (1) Everything must be boiled; (2) raw vegetables and fruits must be sterilized; (3) overnight foodstuffs must be used carefully; A 4) ice must not be put in food; (5) iced foodstuffs must be care- 1 fully preserved; (6) all utensils must be disinfected before being ased, 7) a portion of the foods sold must be reserved for examina- ( P tion by officials of the Health Department; (8) cloth used for wip- y p ed: ing the utensils must be made of cotton and regularly disinfect (9) utensils must only be used for the purpose for which they are intended; (10) there must be a special contraption to catch flies; us (11) the kitchen should be sprayed with Jeyes fluid; (12 { ) the staff of the kitchen must wash their hands with disinfectant; (13) they must undergo a physic: examination twice a month; and (14) the cloth- ing of the staff ast pe kept clean. Enclosure No. on the subject of "Hong Kong under - 147 -~ 95 to report dated June 1, 1943 Japanese Occupation." THE HONGKO ONG NEWS June 28, 1942. Advice Issued t Y Wr pt 2Sued to All Workers of the Public Works Dept With a view to « Ww to enable Chinese and third nationals workin “i him to understand fr Fi 1aerstand fully the true poli Pr ol ] tue policy of the Governmen Mr. 7 oh i Chief o Bui Land Communications Department and A oti o : ] $e I cting ef of the Public Werks Department, issued the f 1 2 ot Setter , iss e following state- " h 3 no Since the occupation of Ho Kong by the Nipponese t nav g TO1 3 Sy P ig ave given your co-operation in restoring various activiti i a To such services wT aria ki Sh ILI fers ices given, I wish to express herewith my appreciatio ap ww dd UL]! n At present, the constructio of a new Hong Kong h i HL $ 1 01 a new Hong Kong has made good prog But both in the expansion of the Kai Tak Aerodrome and , 1 , a oarom ana the resumption of the entire Canton-Kowl fforts are required of tho it "How eve ™ early accomplishment Ih Your War 4s Py th ; NPS. x0 > eho =i YOUR TWOP In future the followino j are worth remembering: : fi¢ Iollowing points "yl « ou mies + not Oo y 1 N 10 HUSt not forget that H Ng ipponese territorv since Nis 3b Hon hong has been changed 2 vOULY inc IN Pon's war witl \ SHOFE Fe Decble vat oor I with Britain. Frequently wilQ HMdRe unreasonable demas 1 i : 1able demands because th p oC U5 because ley have f otioh the ab ove rozli ty. 1S€ they nave ° n Vv y - r d 1 ©. You have been saved from molestation by des t h in nave been cive ta Im . i Bi { eSperate charact her een given the chance to continue your peaceful cupat here because of the peace preservati Sh ielus OoouPELILC I' the pe: pleservaiion efforts taken bv + N oops. © latter hava we rOI'LS taken by the Nippo p The latter have never relaxed their vigilance ji l r Spect, whether at nicht or Avni *gi.anse in this re- : 4 ¢ 1Lgn JI ( ng rains or storm = vy 1 1 bord Nioieami 15 OI Storms, and whether on er, on Nio Lgamine or at sea You people mav m : on convenience when von are } : PeOP may meet with some in- 3 LUC Willen you Ire e1n! sea rched in str ts } : out these duties the tr 1 reets, but in carryine ne tULL1EeS Tne roops are 1 Tr ’ n rOOps > only out to protect your 1i ivelihood here. you should be polite towards th knowledge. = lldve nMmade swif progress m T4 The Nipponese troops have mado or ta Wi Vary ermne. +1K Ha Very soon the same quick of ~ + QO Ty in = “ D vr] A ive wi 18 an d Canada . Such a atate AF ai wt! A aw LUCA A - “ 1 i o 1 » - > I Olly realized by all of you. Some Points 2 he constructi + of the varie + : the same hich 3 x I the various enterprises VI1@ Same high speed is reauired im rder to bri ¥ pt M=18d In order 1o bring about the Therefore, on as] re €, On occasions like th A L1ke this when you are being searc the troops. lway Service, furth: al in their attacks NS ————— i i } : - 148 - "2, Assuming that the Nipponese troops had first attacked the Philippines, Malaya and the Dutch East Indies and had delayed their offensive against Hong Kong, the British and American enterprises here would have been deadlocked and all imports to Hong Kong would have been stopped. If that had been the case, the Chinese in Hong Kong would have suffered considerable hardships. If you should think over this well, it will be realized immediately that the treatment you are — now getting here cannot be said to be unequal. "4, All employees must understand that they will be punished if they misbehave themselves and do such things as accepting bribes or other similar misconduct. "5. In the execution of their work, even employees of the lowest rank are permitted to make authentic reports to their superior of- ficials, but they are warned not to make use of this to further their own ends. Enthusiasm "6. Employees of the higher ranks must not allow any personal feeling and consideration to interfere with their selection of new em- ployees or with the treatment of their staff. "7. Employees must carry out their duties faithfully and with confidence and what they can do tcday must not be left for tomorrow. In other words, they must carry out their work with enthusiasm in order not to disappoint the expectations of the authorities. "Regarding your present positions and treatment, I will give full consideration towards their improvement. Now that you have participat: with Nippon in the construction of East Asia, you should be very proud of yourselves. Your accomplishment in this respect will be admired also by future generations. Because of this, you should continue your present work with courage." |METRIC 1] * 1