START UC BERKELEY MASTER NEGATIVE STORAGE NUMBER 00-76.2 (National version of master negative storage number: CU SNO00076.2) MICROFILMED 2000 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY PHOTOGRAPHIC SERVICE USAIN State and Local Literature Preservation Project Funded in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities REPRODUCTION AVAILABLE THROUGH INTERLIBRARY LOAN OFFICE MAIN LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY, CA 94720-6000 COPYRIGHT The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted materials including foreign works under certain conditions. In addition, the United States extends protection to foreign works by means of various international conventions, bilateral agreements, and proclamations. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives | are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be "used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research." If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of "fair use," that user may be liable for copyright infringement. University of California at Berkeley reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright law. California Fruit Growers Convention | Fifth Annual Citrus Exhibition... Riverside, Calif. 1883 BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD TARGET University of California at Berkeley Library USAIN State and Local Literature Preservation Project Master negative storage number: 00-76.2 (national version of the master negative storage number: CU SN00076.2) Corporate Author: California Fruit Growers Convention. Author: California Fruit Growers Convention. Title: Fifth Annual Citrus Exhibition, held at Riverside, Cal., March 14, 15 and 16, 1883; and proceedings of semi-annual State Convention of Fruit Growers, held at Riverside, Cal., during the Citrus Fair. Imprint: riverside [Calif.] Press and Horticulturist Steam Print. 1883. Description: 64 p. illus. ‘cm. Call numbers: CSL State Lib SB354 C2 California Microfilmed by University of California Library Photographic Service, Berkeley, CA Filmed from hard copy borrowed from California State Library FILMED AND PROCESSED BY LIBRARY PHOTOGRAPHIC SERVICE, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, 94720 DATE: 3/00 REDUCTION RATIO: 8 PM-1 3%."x4" PHOTOGRAPHIC MICROCOPY TARGET NBS 1010a ANSI/ISO #2 EQUIVALENT 2g 2s | = fi Iz wl fll Ee hes he l= Is pe Re adiebadaeanal si EE I ER CS A Seid 0 2007 0283755 A | | | | . FIFTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION. CITRUS 1888. MARCH 14, 15 and 16, CAL, RIVERSIDE, PROCEEDINGS OF STATE CONVENTION SEMI-ANNUAL a TRU GROWERS ——HELD AP—— FRUIT meme EE itt mies DURING THE CITRUS FAIR CAL, RIVERSIDE A PHONOGRAPHICALLY REPORTED I : PRESS AND HORTICULTURIST. a - tn A PRESS AND HORTICULTURIST STEAM PRINT. 1883, AR RT ie ITT pt so CE , Tmas Sth EB BES a cn TE Dm gs a CAC / 4 x Sh tr Tr yw rts dno 0 FIFTH. ANNUAL CITRUS FAIR. Vik i | ThoRith Annual Citrus Fair has marked ' another mile stone in the progress of cit- ru. It i ‘oulttire in California. : This series ot faire: rs wh hich was inaugurated An River- ; land the’ most. profitable of suy = efforts ever. ‘made by the fruit 3 el ing the a should, be. cultivated to ./redch the greatest good obtainable, For three years the Fairs were held in the /:Public Hall and the evening meetings for +:discussion were held inOdd Fellows Hall, » i | upstairs in the same building. These ac- . eommodations became too limited for the yearly growth and increaseof interest and , and one year ago a fine pavil- don. was constructed at a cost of $6,000, in which to hold Fairs in. future. . Ass pa- vilion for, the holding of Fairs the new structure is a grand success, or rather it - would be if it could be ceiled and pelted a - so that it could be. better lighted; but as a ./ place for Holding discussions in connec- ~ tion with the Fairs, it is a partial failure, and it is quite evident that either the dis- cussions must be discon jued Or some ar- ~ rangements must be made for a separate room in which the people can meet and ‘hold their meetings’ with some degree of | gomiont. It seems to be impracticable to unite the Fair and discussions in the same room. The; PRESS AND HORTICULTURIST has pointed out this break in the arrange- ments many times, but the illustration Sur To has ¢ emphasized the correctness sition too forcibly to admit of nt. ie pavilion was arranged with five long tables: running the length of the main room with one table in front of the stage and one long table in’ the gallery; this ‘last table was additional space to that pro- vided last year. The five long tablesin the‘ main’ hall were on eastors, so that after the day exhibition, two tables on each: side of the center were easily moved to the side of the room; leaving one table down the center with a wide spaee on either side which were filled with ‘settees for seating the audience.. The large stage was also. filled with seats, and in this way the seating capacity was suf- ficient to accommodate an audience of about eight hundred. The evenings were devoted to the sessions of the Semi-An- unl State Fruit G: | Convention. Notwith: ing the heavy frosts which discouraged some from making exhibits, the display of fruits was finer than ever before, ‘and there was on’ exhibition a larger percentage of really fine fruit, with less fruit of a poorer grade. "The skill displayed in artistic designs added much to the attractions of the ex- hibit, and these call for special mention. On the end of the center table near the entrance door, was a finely constructed Iyre (the printer will be careful and spell the word correctly) made of Mandarian oranges ; it was a beauty and the spectator would at once conclude that this exhibit by D. C. Twogood could not be surpassed. Passing « down the aisle, on the same table in the center of the hall, was tobe found an anchor made of citrus fruits; it was very eleverly executed and with a few letters ‘worked in evergreen on either side con- stituted an illustrated rebus, ‘‘The An- chor-age,” the name given to Judge E, G. Brown’s place, | We judge this to be the work of Miss Settie Brown. The specta- 4 FIFTH ANNUAL CITRUS FAIR. tor isnow in doubt which is the best artistic design. On the further end of the same table is a small pagoda about three feet high, with a bird's nest suspended in the eenter thereof, and in the nest is a bird—that is a representation of a bird—a lemon of peeuliar formation which after having had two blask beads inserted for eyes, looked so natural that the beholder would involuntarily Stop So as not to soare the lemon bird from the nest. The design was an original conoeption and very neatly executed by Mrs. A. D. “Haight. Passing around to the first table - to the left from the stage, was to be found another and the last artistic design in the . shape of a small ashooner with full sail '®et; its masts and spars were constructed of small Mandarian oranges; its hull was ‘covered with evergreen, its sails were of sanvass and it was sailing in a calm sea of : Sean ay i ladened with choice ~oranges—evidently the cargo was id Riverside. This was the a nie "Mrs. H. J. Rudisill. The spesetator is now ‘entirely ‘‘at sea’—80 is the schooner—and he has to await the report of the commit- tee to find out which 1s. the finest artistic design ; and then it is quite probable the ‘members of the committee will decide the question as the Supreme Court is said to decide some of the questions coming before it—by tossing up a half dollar— The display f rai e y O sins has never been equaled in California, re been larger sometimes, but never finer. The packing was first-class and visitors carried away a good opinion of the skill to be found among our raisin packers. The quality was also good, The ladies this year excelled all former efforts in the display of fruit in Jellies, marmalades, etc. This Tony ment would require one column of space to do it justice with an able pen to do the work, The list of entries and the awards of the committees must suffice this time. A very fine display of flowering plants and shrubs was made in one corner of the hall to the left of the stage by Mrs. Over- ton. Any one, to see that exhibit, would bardly credit the statement that we ever had frost in this country but we have had. Mr. Frost helped to make the display. Any attempt to describe the display of —- per A rt re ee citrus fruits, in detail, would be tedious and would occupy more Space than we find to devote to this department. A care- ful reading of the list of entries and awards will convey some idea of the ex- hibit. The tables were loaded, and much taste was “displayed in arranging the fruits. The list of fine displays is so long that it is entirely impractical to describe each. One of the attractive features of the ex- hibit was the electric light furnished by the Chaffey Brothers of Etiwanda and Ontario. George Chaffey telephoned to Riverside on Tuesday noon that if the Fair management desired he would bring over his machinery from Etiwanda and light the Pavilion during the Fair with the electric light free of cost. He was notified that his generous offer was accepted with thanks. That night late his dynamo machine and three electric lamps arrived from Etiwanda. Wednesday noon his steam engine arrived from Ontario and a little later he arrived, and by dark he had all the machinery in position and two of the lamps burning. On account of the bad fuel the lights were not very satisfac- tory the first night and they were not perfect the second night from the same cause, but on Friday evening he had all three lights burning brightly and steadily making the Pavilion as light as day. Following is the list of the entries to- gether with the names of the Committees and their reports: . PREMIUM LIST AND AWARDS. CLASS 1. Best display of citrus fruits ow exhibitor in the counties of San Docs Los Angates, J suiuen and Santa Barbara... eeccccee . 8. Richardson, San G- H. G, Bennett, a! *, Tos Angeles Co J. 8. Harvey, Jamul, San Diego Co. REPORT OF COMMITTEE, First Premium—J. 8, Harvey, Jamul, San Diego Co. Second Premium— S Richardso . n, San Gabriel, Los Angeles Co. CoM.—B. F. White, G. H. D Caldwell. ’ SESE CLASS 2, Best display of citrus fruits exhibitor in the counties orth 1 Los Angel E01se ud Santa Barbara................815 00: see Severn Sesser eves Seer ennen .o FIFTH ANNUAL CITRUS FAIR. ENTRIES: C. Carriger, Sonoma Co. L. D. Freer, Oroville, Butte Co. J. H. Bowman, Cloverdale, Sonoma Co. REPORT OF COMMITTEE. Three entries were made in this class, but were not in sufficient variety and quantity to be called a display. Com.—T. W. Cover, E. Caldwell, B. F. White, G. H. Deere. CLASS 3. Best display of citrus fruits grown by ome exhibitor in the county of San Bernardino.$10 00 Second best 5 ENTRIES: . Fountain, Riverside. . C. Twogood, ¢ . W. Holmes, . W. Garcelon, ‘ Haight, ob . N. Mann, 4 hugart & Waite, « . J. Twogood, ““ REPORT OF COMMITTEE. Your committee on Class 3, appointed to decide on ¢ best display,” beg leave to report as follows: The displays of citrus fruits made b G. W. Gareelon, D. C. Twowood, A. J. Twogood and A. D. Haight are so varied, complete and beautifully arranged as to make it quite difficult to decide as to su- porlority in all respects, but having the ecision to make we do so as follows: First Premium—G. W. Garcelon, River- side. Second Premium—D. C. Twogood, River- side, and particularly honorable men- tion—the displays of A. J. Twogood and A. D. Haight. CoM.—Abbot Kinney, A. L. Hatch. oy EPRI. . [1] PoND bo In view of the honorable mention of the Committee in Class 3, and of the evident 5 to the first premium, and A. J. Twogood, of Riverside, to the second premium. Com.—A. Keith, Otis T. Dyer, C. W. Filkins. CLASS 5. Best display of seedling oranges; size and general appearance to decide $ Second best ENTRIES: D. T. Russell, Riverside. Mrs. S. F. Hale, ‘ 8. Richardson, San Gabriel, P.D. Cover, Riverside. G. W. Garcelon, “ E. G. Brown, ‘ A. J. Twogood, ‘ REPORT OF COMMITTEE. Your committee award to P. D. Cover, of Riverside, first premium; A. J. Two- good, Riverside, second premium, and wish to make honorable mention of the display of S. Richardson, of San Gabriel. CoM.—H. B. Everest, W. B. Russell, A. P. Johnson, D. S. Strong. crass 6. Best pyramid of budded oranges, net less than 50 specimens; general appearance to decide $5 Second best. 3 00 00 1s M. Burnham, Riverside. . Tinker, “4 Hart, . Westbrook, - . Magee, 6 6c E H A Ww G. Bennett, Pasadena. ichardson, San Gabriel. W. Garcelon, Riverside. D. Haight, “ 66 6s A R . Handy, “ R Io C. 8. B. H. 8. G. A. James Boyd, A. P. Johnson, wett & Norcross, 66 6s E. Cutter, R. Dobbins, J. Twogood, 8. R. 8 J. J . [13 A. ‘6 J. 8. Harvey, Jamul, San Diego Co 8. R. Magee, Riverside. REPORT OF COMMITTEE. care and taste displayed in the exhibit of A. D. Haight, the Executive Committee have thought it proper to award him a special premium of $5. Ex. CoM.— A. S. White, Jas. Bettner, ~ E. W. Holmes. CLASS 4. Best display of budded oranges; size and general appearance to decide $ Second best.....coovvniinnnn. viesessecsasncee ENTRIES: D. T. Russell, Riverside. D. Battles, “ G. W. Garcelon, “ J. E. Cutter, “ A. H. 8. 5 3 J. Twogood, ¢ G. Bennett, Pasadena. Richardson, San Gabriel. REPORT OF COMMITTEE. Your committee on Class 4, best display of budded oranges, have carefully exam- ined the several lots of fruit entered under this class and find in our judgment that J. E. Cutter, of Riverside, Cal., is entitled Your committee on Class 6, haveaward- ed the first premium to A. P. Johnson, for a pyramid of Paper Rind St. Michael oranges. This exhibit is a very regular pyramid of fruit, of regular size and color, and on this account your committee con- sider it entitled to the first premium. The second premium we have given to J. E. Cutter, of Riverside, for a pyramid of Riverside Navels. } Com.—J. H. Fountain, R. P. Waite, M. F. Colburn. cLAss 7. Best pyramid of seedling oranges, not less than 50 specimens; general appearance to decide 00 Second best 00 ENTRIES: I. C. Haight, Riverside. J. N. Crane, ‘ D. C0. Twogood, G. W. Garcelon, A.D. Haight, “ Swett & Norcross, 8. Richardson, San Gabriel. 6 [3 Bs: TR CR EE at ss wniddiem Ve doar FIFTH ANNUAL CITRUS FAIR. REPORT OF COMMITTEE. First Premium to D. C Tw . C. ogood; sec- ond Premium fh Swett & Norcross. oM.— E. art, Wm. MgBain, A Combs, A. D. Haight. AT CLASS 8, Most artistic design executed in fruit A ENTRIES: . D. Haight, Riverside, i Miss Settie Brown “ Sumer Pageds, H. T. Rudisill, 4 S D. C. Twogood, 4 Lon? ner: REPORT OF COMMITTEE. Your committee to whom was entrust the duty of deciding on the most artictio design executed in citrus fruits, beg leave to report that there were four designs en- tered for premiums. All were so near- ¥ alike in excellence that we found it ifficult to agree at first. The Pagoda with twisted columns of oranges, was the most striking and effective from a, distance and the Schooner, freighted with golden fruit and sailing on a citrus sea, was the most suggestive of ‘ the good time coms- Ing’ when “our ship comes iu.” The Anchor was the most graceful in form, and most suggestive of our abiding faith In our climate, soil, productions and peo- ple—in a word—Riverside, The Lyre rep- « resented most charmingly the “ music of the spheres’’—golden Spheres ! . After due consideration of these interest- Ing and knotty (or knobby) points, your committee concluded to award the pre- mium to the Anchor, made by Miss Set- tie Brown, of Riverside, as the committee while differing on other points, united in thinking that it and the yre most accu- rately. carried out the idea of a design strictly in Gisns fruits, without the addi- anything else € two decidod as Stated. wd Leiwoon hase Respectfully submitted, James H. Roe, Mathew Gage, H. B. Haynes, Clarke Whittier.—COMMITTEE, CLASS 9, Best budded orange . | Second best. ..... ne $800 ENTRIES: Mrs. M. V. B. Wright Riverside: Aca » ; ulco. James Bettner, Riverside; Riverside Navel Paper Rind, St. Michael, Malta Blood. ’ Iola M. Burnham, Riverside; 1 plate I. X. I. 4 R. Noland, Riverside; 1 plate Florida oranges. 5 A. ps, Biversides 1 plate each Mediterranean \ Kona, Acapulco. avel, Paper Rind St. Michael, . ite, El Cajon, San Diego co . R. M. Stratton, Riverside; Acapulea)? Du Roi. 2 . 5 Bensai, Riverside. . Kilchardson, San Gabriel, Riverside John Mitchell, Riverside; Mediterrancae Swot o Konah, Paper Rind St. Michael, - ’ . DD. Cover, Riverside: P i i Biverside Srver ; Paper Rind St. Michael, - W. Garcelon, Riverside; Paper Ri ic Lon Haight, Riverside; Malta Brsoq a St. Michael. .D. gat, Riverside; Mediterr Rind St. Michael, Riverside Novep "=" cet Paper James Boyd, Riverside. Cover & McCoy, Riverside, See ess vrr err cnnnn ve J. E. Cutter, Riverside: Riverside Na i ’ ’ vel, CLs Tem Sweet, Du Jot, Rio, Wilson, Lake yier- rd, Paper Rin . Michael, Ri i % 3. Dobbins, Riverside Navels. Svenside Havel, - Saunders, Riverside; Du Roi, Van Le ’? A. J. Twogood, Riverside; Riverside Nava]. = Coo" J. 8. Harvey, Jamul, San Diego Co.; Australian Na- c rel, Paper Sind St. Michael. auey Brothers, Ontario; Paper Rind St. Mi E. W. Holmes, Riverside; Riverside Navel, Michael. REPORT OF COMMITTEE. The undersigned, a committee appoi ed to decide upon’ the best Budded on ange, fake the following award: ,AIrst Premium—James Bet iver- side; Riverside Navel. Srnet, River Second Premium—James Bettner, Riy- orside; Paper Rind St. Michal. M.— . . aite J. S. . B. Bliss, John G. North. Waterman, S. crass 10. Best seedling orange Becond best 8 - ENTRIES: J. Bettner, Riversi John Tobias, ‘“ ae. Cutter, J. R. Dobbins, A. J. Twogood, D. Harrington, A. Saunders, . ite, El Cajon, San Dieg Maj, Levy Chase, ¢ oe ° on Rey, Randall & Noyes, San Bernardino, 8. Richardson, San Gabriel. v ou Craft, Crafton, . WW. Waterman, Waterman’ Chaffey Bros., Ontario. 11s Hot Springs. D. A. Shaw, Lugonia. REPORT OF COMMITTEE. Your Committee appointed to sel e best and second best seedling Oranges fine placed before them specimens from 27 entries, all of which were ve fair fruit several of them superior, Wo detected very little, if any, trace of the late cold weather, exce ot there seemed to be g little more acidity than usually found at this time of the year which we attributed to the beautiful Snow on the mountains and the cold nights which retarded the development of saccharine matter. Later mn the § Cason we feel assured that our 1g oranges will reach ir maturity and Sweetness, eh thelr usual ¢ award the premiums for the bes and tg oranges to the grower of No. Ty econ i eniry Noeeond Premium to the owner of r. J. E. Cutter entered No. 18 P. D. Cover exhibited No. 13 53," ~d Mr. CoM.—G. W. Garcelon P. N. Mann, I. C. Haight," ©" Cover We FIFTH ANNUAL CITRUS FAIR. crass 11, Best orange on exhibition.eceeceracecn.. Cees REPORT OF COMMITTEE. While your Committee fiud No. 18,a seedling orange, awarded the first prem- ium, an orange of excellent flavor, they consider entry 2 A the best budded orange, a Riverside Naval, the superior fruit. in all respects. We therefore pro- nonnce ‘entry 2 A, a Riverside Naval, own by Jas. Bettner of Riverside, to be the best orange on exhibition. . CoMm.—K. D. Shugart, Milton Lindley, -H. M. Streeter. cLAss 12. Largest orange on exhibition..... Cerone cees Second largest.........ccv0veuenn. Ase nns Largest and finest cluster of oranges......... Second best do. ....viinenereiaceecnnnnn caeees ENTRIES—CLUSTERS. Mr. M. V. B. Wright, Riverside, 3 clusters. C. A. Tinker, “ ‘¢ E. Hart, “ oc H. A. Puls, 5 G. M. Skinner, oe S. R. Magee, 0 OC. T. Rice, Riverside, M. B. Vanfleet, “ Mrs. 8. FE. Hale, 6 C. W. Packard, ‘ G. W. Garcelon, “ Jas. Boyd, % Swett & Norcross, “ Fred. T. Field, “ J. E. Cutter, 6 Mrs. E. P.. Thornton, 6 A. Twogood, “ Randall & Noyce, San Bernardino, 1 8. Richardson, San Gabriel, 1 Maj. Levi Chase, El Cajon,*San Diego: county, 1 cluster. Cas P. Harrington, Temescal, 1 cluster. Frank Hinkly, Old San Bernardino, 1 cluster. LARGEST ORANGE. 8. R. Magee, Riverside, for first and second largest. I. C. Haight, Riverside, for largest orange. R. M. Stratton, Riverside, for largest orange. 8. Richardson, San Gabriel, for largest orange. John E. Hall, Riverside, for largest orange. Jas, Boyd, Riverside, for largest orange. Mr. Squire, Riverside, foMargest orange. A. J. Twogood, Riverside, for largest orange. J. 8. Harvy, Jamul, San Diego county, for largest orange. clusters. 6 Fd fd DO fd fd ed fd fd fd ed fd DO DD DO BD HN REPORT OF COMMITTEE. Largest and finest cluster, first premium to Frank Hinkley of San Bernardino; sec- ond premium to Swett & Norcross, River- side. Largest orange on exhibition — first remium to be divided between A. J, Fwogood, Riverside, and J. S. Harvey, Jamul, San Diego county; second prem- ium, A. McCrary, Riverside. Com.—W. T. Simms, Lee W. Foster, W. R. Rusell, L. C. Tibbetts. CLASS 18. [Entries under this class to be displayed on ordi- nary dinner plates]. Best plate of Riverside or Washington Navel e8..0c teeessesessseesessssesesianeeed orang 3 00 Second best...... EE EEE EEE EEE EF FN EE EE ER ERE] 2 00 J Best plate of Australian Navel oranges...... Second best. ......covieeietercieecnnaennnnns Best plate of Malta Blood ovanges Second best . Best plate of Paper Rind St. Michael oranges Second best sesuressemens “ssssrearves Best plate of Mediterranean Sweet oranges.. Second best............c...... cecesanenee ene ENTRIES. 8. H. Ferris, Riverside; Malta Blood, Konah, Mediterranean Sweet. 5 Mrs. M. V. B. Wright, Riverside; Mediterranean weet. Jas. Bettner, Riverside; Malta Blood, Paper Rind St. Michael. J. R. Noland, |Riverside; Australian Navel, Med- iterranean Sweet. C. A. Tinker, Riverside; Riverside Navel, Malta Blood, Paper Rind 8t. Michael, Mediterranean weet. : A. Keith, Riverside; Mediterranean Sweet, Paper Rind St. Michael. M. B. Vanfleet, Riverside; Paper Rind St. Michael. L. C. Tibbetts, Riverside; Riverside Navel, Large 8t. Michael. W. B. Russell, 4 plates Mediterranean Sweet. B. F. White, Riverside; 2 plates Mediterranean Sweet, 1 plate Malta Blood, 1 plate Riverside Navel. H. A. Westbrook, Riverside; Large St. Michael. S. R. Magee, Riverside; Riverside Navel, Aus- tralian Navel, Malta Blood, Paper Rind St. Michael, Mediterranean Sweet, Konah, Sweet Seville. C. T. Rice, Riverside; Mediterranean Sweet, D. C. Twogood, Riverside; Paper Rind St. Mich- ael, Australian Navel, Mediterranean Sweet. A. White, El Cajon, San Diego county; Paper Rind St. Michael. Lon. Haight, Riverside; Malta Blood. R. M. Stratton, Riverside; Mediterranean Sweet. B. W. Handy, Riverside; Paper Rind St. Michael, Mediterranean Sweet. E. W. Holmes, Riverside; Riverside Navel, Aus- tralian Navel, Paper Rind St. Michael, Mediterran- ean Sweet. J. H. Benedict, Riverside; Mediterranean Sweet, Riverside Navel. H. G. Bennett, Pasadena; Riverside Navel. 8. Richardson, 8an Gabriel, Riverside Navel. P. Suman, Riverside; Riverside Navel, Mediter- ranean Sweet. C. H. Babcock, Riverside; Mediterranean Sweet. . Maj. Levi Chase, El Cajon, San Diego county; Australian Navel, Mediterranean Sweet, Wilson’s Best Malta Blood, Large St. Michael, Konah. + A. McCrary, Riverside, Riverside Navel. P. D. Cover, Riverside; Paper Rind St. Michael, Mediterranean Sweet. G. W. Garcelon, Riverside; Riverside Navel, Aus- tralian Navel, Paper Rind St. Michael, Mediterran- ean Sweet. E. Caldwell, Riverside; Paper Rind 8t. Michael, Meditterranean Sweet, Australian Navel. A. D. Haight, Riverside; Riverside Navel, Med- iterranean Sweet, Paper Rind St. Michael. W. N. Mann, Riverside; Riverside Navel. E. G. Brown, Riverside; Australian Navel, Med- iterranean Sweet. t Swett & Norcross, Riverside; Australian Navel, Paper Rind St. Michael, Mediterranean Sweet. Shugart & Waite, Riverside, Richardson’s Best, Chuchupilla, same on China Lemon root, Navel on Lemon root, Konah on Lemon root, Australian Navel, 17 plates of 8 varieties, Malta Blood, Large 8t. Michael, Paper Rind St. Michael, Mediterranean Bweet, Australian Navel, Riverside] Navel, Berga- mot, Myrtle Leaf. Fred T. Fields, Riverside; Riverside Navel. J. E. Cutter, Riverside; Riverside Navel, Mediter. ranean Sweet, Paper Rind St. Michael. J. R. Dobbins, Riverside. Australian Navel, Med- iterranean Sweet. H. Saunders, Riverside; Australian Navel, Med- iterranean Sweet, Paper Rind St. Michael, Large St. Michael. BO CO BO C2 1D CO BD CO 88888888 8 FIFTH ANNUAL CITRUS FAIR. R.} Ingraham, Lugonia; Australian Navel, Med- i Sweet. od. ogood, Riverside; Riverside N. tralian Navel, Medite y Matty Bioey, i rind a. ied] texrancan Sweet, Malta Blood, . 8. Harvey, Jamul, San Diego : trali isn Navel, Paper Rind St. Michael Matty Blood, ey Bros., Ontario; Paper Rind St Michael, ’ REPORT OF COMMITTEE. Best plate of Riverside Navels, J. E. Fa So be a ; second best, B, v White Bor st plate Paper Rind St. Michaels, J. i eli W. T. Simms. y 182121 Anderson, CLASS 14, Best display of Lem B000nd BORE. «rs rresrs wooen rin 5 00 SH ENTRIES: . Ferris, A. Keith, Riverside, E. Hart, ss : Seedling. D. C. Twogood, 4 Fine Pyram d Mrs. 8. F. Hale, Eureka ’ H. B. Lockwood, “ 8. Richardson, San Gabriel, Seedling, Lemon of Genoa Randall & Noyes, San Bernardino, ’ , Lemons. 8. R. Magee, Riverside, Sweet Rind, *Stelly Seedling, Cal. Seed- ling, Genoa, Li . Pp. D. Cover, c6 Lisbon. » sbon G. W. Garcelon, oe 16 plates, § varieties. A.D xa ht, “ China, and Seedling, Bwe Oreroas “ Lisbons, Seedlings. MoH. Crafts, Crafton, Pmren; . . y » d A. J. Twogood, Riverside, Lisbon, ry aodlings REPORT OF COMMITTEE. Your committee find that G lon is entitled to the first A omning are count of having more varieties. They were unable to decide as to the second as between D. C. Twogood and P. D. Cover and therefore recommend that the premi- um be divided between them. They also find that 8. Richardson and A. D. Haight are Spislen Io hon rable mention. 8 AYA oT as, i Won —Jas. | yd, Rev. G. L. Smith, J. crass 15. Best Lemon................. - . Everest, Riverside; Lisbon. . B. Russell, “ Eureka. .- White, “ Lisbon. Hill, El Cajon; Sweet Rind. . Twogood, Riverside; Lisbon . Bugnham, 6“ 6c ! . Holmes, 4 “ Swe . Benedict, o Bonnie Brae. et Bind. : Bale ook: ‘ Bweet Ring, Lisbon, Eureka. ET el) QHEBYg HEgmo ca 5] a > Cover, 6 cc . W. Garcelon, Lisbon. PA a eal “ Sweet Rind. J x Cutter “ Lisbon, Eureka. . R. Dobbins, Riversi Shugart & Waite, “ ae, Treks. A. J. Twogood, 6 “ Swett & Norcross, ¢ “ REPORT OF COMMITTEE. Owing to the time required to make complete report, your committee upon further time, and permistios to” ses through the press. permission to report Respectfully, E. W. HoLMES, For Committee. CLASS 16. Best display of L Bocond bes, eS srrr seeveses.d 3 0 6. Richards ENTRIES: . Richardson, San Gabriel R. F. Cunningham, San B : C. H. Babcock, Riverside, ono: P. D. Cover, o G. W. Garcelon, “ REPORT OF COMMITTEE. inst premium to C. H. Babcock, River- Second prem i sire P ium to P. D. Cover, River- Best box of CLASS 17. es x of Fan Second best. . oy Pac xed Muscat Basins... 3 post box London Layers Muscat Raisins. . . . Best box Sultana Rai: * ose ers r0 00020 r0evae Docond best....... * sins. est box of Zante C 1 Second best. ...... or ants Best box of Figs..... . Lon Second best. ..... . ENTRIES: *e e000 .. ames Bet : ’ box sui finer, Riverside; 1 box London Layers, 1 . H. Fountain, . : bos Zante Cu prverside; 1 box London Layers, 1 - R. Keith, Riverside; 1 box Sultanas = A Jeaibrook, Riverside; 1 box Beedless Muscats ga osby, Riverside; 1 box Sultanas ‘ gti NN CA. es, aj San D ; fancy packed, 1 box London Tnyee, founizi gl voz QoL. Clark, 1 box London Layers. . P. Combs, Riverside; 1 box S p endon Layers, 2 boxes fancy packs, boxes Dw. McLeod, Riverside; 1 box Sultanas. ) os 3 Fruit Co., Riverside; 1 box Loose Raisins 1 ox Sultana, 1 box London Layers, 1 box Seed- 5 068.1 box Debesla, for exhibition. i . E. er, Riverside; boxes London avons, 3 boxes fancy packed, 2 3:8 Nou, Biverside. M. Burnham, Riverside: 1 b ES = Fountain, Riverside; 1 box fs DH. Burnham, Riverside; 2 boxes figs ames Boyd, Riverside; 1 box figs. ’ REPORT OF COMMITTEE. Your committee on class 17, B isi ] ] est Ra and Figs, having made a thorough pe mously roparty es exhibited, do unani- irst—That for the best box of Packed Raisins, entry No. 11, A. P. fold is entitled to the first premium, and entry vosoe reo essncnnee e000 00e vecrannnge ® sec vesvenens Poesc secrese ssa NWN woiw or 3888888888 FIFTH ANNUAL CITRUS FAIR. No. 14, J. E. Cutter, to the second pre- miam. Second—That for the best box of London Layers the first premium is awarded to entry No. 11, A. P. Combs, and the second to entry No. 1, James Bettner. Third—That for the best box of Sultanas the first premium is awarded to entry No. 11, A. P. Combs, and that entr No. 4, A. Keith, is entitled to the secon Fourth—That entry jNo. 3, J. H. Foun- tain, is the only entry of Zante Currants, and the same is entitled to first premium. Fifth—That for the best box of Figs the first premium is awarded to entry No. 6, D. H. Burnham, and the second to Miss Iola Burnham. Your committee also take great pleasure in bearing testimony to the su erior ex- cellence of all the samples exhibited, and + could but note the marked improvement year by year of this class of products, and We wish specially to mention a small sample exhibited by J. H. Fountain, but which, on account of the size of the pack- age, debarred it from a premium. Also that the exhibit of raisins made by the Riverside Fruit Co. was ve meritorious,’ but which was also debarred from a pre- mium on account of rules governing the exhibition. Your committee also examined a box of foreign Dehesias, and compared them with the productions of Riverside and find that in the matter of size and quantity of seeds, flavor, bloom and tenderness of “the pulp the Riverside raisins are superior. E. G. BROWN, E. CALDWELL, Frep R. HALL, A. FosTER, Montana. oLaAss 18. Best specimen of Olive Oil " o ¢¢ Pickled Olives....cceeeee: ue “ ¢ Limes..... esessan ENTRIES: E. W. Holmes, Riverside, 1 jar Pickled Olives J. H. Benedict, “ Mrs. P. Kleinfelter, 1 « Geo. C. Swan, San Diego, 4 * “ REPORT OF COMMITTEE. We consider the exhibit of J. H. Bene- dict to be the best flavored, most uniform in color, and most attractive in appear- ance, and therefore entitled to the premi- um. Coy.—S. S. Patton, W. F. Montague, R. M. Stratton. 6c 66 6c oLass 19. Best specimen of Fresh Grapes Second best Best specimen of Almonds. ..... Ceesenenenans Secondbest......coeieciaariairisncaaaaniaiees Best specimen English Walnuts . Second best ENTRIES: Jas. Bettner, Riverside, 1 Plate Languedoc, 1 plate Paper Shell Almonds. E. Hart, 4 Languedoc Almonds. G. W. Garcelon, * “ “ J. H. Fountain, * Fresh Grapes. J. E. Cutter, “ Randall & Noyes, San Bernardino, Fresh Grapes. D. C. Twogood, Riverside, English Walnuts. REPORT OF COMMITTEE. The committee to whom was assigned the duty of examining Class 19, find that the best specimen of fresh grapes was ex- hibited by Randall & Noyes, of San Ber- nardino; second best by J. E. Cutter of Riverside. Best specimen of almonds ex- hibited by Jas. Bettner, of Riverside; sec- ond best by G. W. Garcelon, of Riverside. Best specimen of walnuts by D. C. Two- wood, of Riverside. Com.—H. A. Westbrook, E. W. Holmes, A. D. Haight. crass 20. Best display of Winter Apples............ ...$ Second best cecseseenaens . Best display of Winter Pears...... ccoceecee. Second best....... vecene seeeeses eteremestusee ENTRIES. S. H. Ferris, Riverside; 6 varieties. J. H. Fountain, Riverside. Peter Forsee, Mill Creek canyon; 6 varieties of apples. Wm. Wilkinson, Nevada county; 5 varieties of apples. Jas. Boyd, Riverside; 2 varieties. J. H. Fountain, Riverside; winter pears. REPORT OF COMMITTEE. Your Committee on Winter Apples beg leave to report as follows: Peter Forsee is entitled to the best display. His apples were raised in Mill Creek Canyon, at the base of Mt. San Bernardino. J. H. Fountain had the second best display; They were raised in Riverside. Your Committee are unanimous in their opin- jon of the very superior quality of the Spitzenberg exhibited by S. H. Ferris, and raised in San Antonio canyon, Cucamon Mountains; it was decidedly the best apple on exhibition. Those of Mr. Wilkinson, of Nevada county, were very solid and very beautiful in appearance, but some- what inferior in quality. Mr. Cutter and also Mr. Boyd, of Riverside, had each a 3 2 small display which would be very tempt- - ing to a hungry man lost on the desert, but do not come up to .he requirements of the highly cultivated taste of a River- sider who has been raised on oranges, raisins and “sich like.” There is no use disguising the fact that some varieties of Riverside apples are a failure. To inspire public confidence in our report we would add that your committee was “fearfully and wonderfully made” up of one fruit packer, one eXx- egislator and two school teachers, all of them men of very superior “taste,” as many suffering spectators with longing cyes and watering mouths can conscientiously testify. Also the sad wreck before us at the conclusion of our masticating deliberations, all of which is respectfully submitted by your full” committee. CoM.—M. V. Wright, C. I. Packard, H* M. Streeter, J. E. Cutter. a es. RSE SE SRR 10 FIFTH ANNUAL CITRUS FAIR. Best display of Fruit (in hl ) in: Best display of a. \ i i Be ii a sir Bar heen of OI Mork Second best. ....... Fred Citron Best specimen of Preserved Lemon nn ‘ ENTRIES. Seve es sevens See evens en BROOM CO 6 bo 388838888388 Mrs. M. V. B. Wright, Riverside; fruits in syrup and vreserved, jellies. Mrs. Jas. Bettner, Riversid i . Be , e; 7vari j PServal fruit, fruit in syrup, orange man ieilies, rs. W. H. Burnham, Riverside; 8 varieties fruit i symp, 7 varieties jellies. Sh. ountain, Riverside; 5 varieties fruit in Mrs. J. A. Stratton, Riverside; 2 jars marmalade abriel ; j and lemon peel. Mrs. P. Klinefelter, Riverside; 5 varieties. REPORT OF COMMITTEE, The committee on Class 21 commenced its arduous but very sweet labor on time each member of which thought he was n his own mother’s preserves cupboard, and had Soon eaten so much that he had for- gotten what the first tasted like, so had to sample all over again. Each entry was quite commendable; some very good, and some parts of entries most excellent: the fruit having been selected with care, the evident method of manufacture good and the result a most tempting delicacy. We award First Premium for best dig- Play of fruits (in Syrup) in glass, to Mrs J. " Bettner, of Riverside, : econd Premium, san Burnham, of Riverside, 0 Mrs. WIL First Premium for best display of pre- served fruit in glass, to Mrs J ot Riverside , - Jas, Bettner, econd Premium, sam Basie, of Riverside. © to Mrs. W. H. -., £rst Premium for best displ lies in gla Bay Jel. Riversid 9, to Mrs. W. H. Burnham, of econd Premium, sam Wright, Riverside.” © Mrs, M.V.B. econ remium, same. o made, S. Richardson, San Gabel. ma" Sen Premium Same, preserved citron a8 preserved lemon, also best Specimen 0 Orange Jelly, S. Richardson, San Ga- C. O. Perrine. ¥; A. J. Twogood, Best CLASS 22, est exhibit of Dried Apri Best exhibit of Dried Peaches seen Best exhibit of Dried Apples. ratte san Best exhibit of Dried Pears... Best exhibit of Dried Prunes. . ee ee 0 Serv 0vsnnnn rol ENTRIES: Io a Moonrnham, Riverside, 1 plate beaches: H. A. West rook, § J. E. Cutter, « Mrs. J. A. Stratton, ‘ Mrs. M. V. B. Wright, Jas. Boyd, ¢“ a io reelon, prunes fo 2 _ urnham, 1 plate ap] les. H. A. Westbrook, Mrs. J. A. Stratton, ¢ 7% Sord, tain o . Hi. Fountain i H. A. Westbrook, ApTicale C. F. Packard, ox Mrs. J. H. Stratton, 6 Jas. Boyd, pears REPORT OF COMMITTEE, peaches Best dried péaches, J. | C i side. Those of Jas. Boyd are Shyer, Special mention, being of good hell dried, et pris dW! ire » AA. Keith; best apri Packard. We find that this oT. dried apricots far excels all others in quality.” Best dried pears, J CoM.— Geo. H. F » Jas. Boyd, John Bonham 1. Fuller ton, Jacob Allen, CLASS 23, Best display of F1 Second Dest. OWETS......lLLLL 5 00 Petter ati et tanta, 00 NE. Srl ENTRIES. Ts. ia O i ide: Mrs. WB. es, Riverside; display of flowers. G.'W. Garcelon, A. Keith, Hiss Sua Everest, 8. K. D. Shugart, C. WwW. Benedict. REPORT OF COMMITTEE. First premium, Mrs Lydi Gin premium, Miss Ana Evergn 0% a -—Wm. McBain, 8S. G. Lines, F, R, CLASS 24.—Miscellaneous. Your Committee on Miscella neous beg leave to report Articles would Entry No. 1and?2 by Mrs. M sia xy No. 1 , - M. V. Wright of River. simiaons ng of pomegranates and Japanese per- he pomegranates, for thig ti 1 rge and well preserved and Tehowene¥ I reshness. They, with the J. apanese pers were fine specimens and well preserved Entry No. 3, by the Riverside 3 imported Malaga rai the manner an Entry No. 4, by J. H. Fou ’ - Hd. ntai pickled figs, Muscat grapes, ponchos Troe, oz served is of fine quality, > well pre- niry No. 6, by C. H. were fine sumples of their kins ¥ of China lemons. ry No. 7, by A. D. Haight of Ri fruit ls Sood sd palateable. The ae Time tion. worthy of more extended cultiva.. ntry No. 8, of canned : ’ goods exhi avoids Frult Company, presented u*aoly fhe. Itave appearance worthy of their contents, eker Sun Dryer. A od SRST UC A am sis peaches, 8 years old. STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. 11 rowers, and the dried fruit on exhibition is equal to if not the best we have ever seen. Your com- mittee would recommend a careful investigation of its merits by our fruit growers. We would further add that the crystalized fruit on exhibition by a new process is a great improvement on former attempts and worthy of particular notice promising to open a wide field for consumption. Entry No. 10, the Haskell Incubator exhibited by Mr. F. C. Starr. Your committe would express the fullest approbation of its merits as exhibited by practical work at the Fair and it deserves special mention as well as a premium. : Entry No. 11, the exhibition of California grasses by Mr. Begg is deserving of much credit and shows a considerable zeal in collecting and taste in arranging the specimens for exhibition. The Hedge Pruner of Throckmorton appears to be a machine worthy of trial by our own hedge growers. Entry No. 12, Silk Coccoons. The exhibit of silk coccoons by Mrs. H. C. Downey of San Rafael, Cal., were exceedingly fine and worthy of the first prize received in Philadelphia in competition with twenty-eight States competing. Com.—E. Caldwell, G. W. Garcelon. Report of the Executive Committee. The success of the Citrus Exhibition just closed, has been great and gratifying. These annual displays of the products of Southern California are of incalculable advantage to our portion of the State and particularly to our own valley. They attract attention from abroad. Tourists from all parts of the Union, doubtingly, come to see if travelers tales of us be truth or fiction, and with their most fav- orable anticipations more than realized, leave us to return to their distant homes and scatter our fame abroad. Then the spirit of friendly competition engenders and fosters that individual pride, the results of which are seen on every hand in Riverside in the shape of well kept orchardsand comfortable homes. The Executive Committee cannot, nor do not claim any great share in the results achieved. Success has been gained by the combined efforts of many enterprising citizens to whom all thanks are due. The small premiums we are justified in offer- ing are alone but poor inducements for the trouble and labor incident upon the preparation of such displays of fruit as we have recently seen prepared by Messrs. Twogoods, Haight, Hart, Garcelon, Shu- gart & Waite, McGee, Cutter, and such artistic designs as those: exhibited by Miss Brown and Messrs. Twogood, Rudi- sill and Haight. The poor reward of a pre- mium is denied, for committees have but too few prizes to award. To these last we would say that our thanks and those of every citizen in this valley are due them for their painstaking effort which redounds to their credit and to the benefit of all their fellow citizens. Our thanks are due to Mr. H. J. Rudi- sill for his efficient management of the exhibition ; his experience and judgment have been invaluable. - To the Messrs. Chaffey Bros., of Etiwanda and Ontario, we were indebted for a good share of the “ pbrilliancy?’ of the occasion, particularly by night ; our thanks dre due them also. The raisin exhibit this season was particu- larly noticeable and in our opinion show- ed very decided progress. We note with pleasure that Riverside again comes off with the honors in this department and attribute the result to extraordinary efforts on the part of our raisin makers, stimu- lated by the desire to keep premiums at home, that last year were carried off by the McPherson Bros., of Orange. Had not special exertion been made, we fear that in the presence of such raisins as those in competition from San Diego county the palm might again have been taken away from us. The presence of the Press Association added greatly to the interest of the occa- sion, and in our opinion, the literary and musical treat given us by Mr. Barnes and his colleagues on Friday evening, was worth the whole cost of a season ticket. These annual Citrus Fairs are so inti- mately connected with the history and progress of Riverside that we cannot but feel the success of the exhibitions propor- tionately makes the growth of the place. Every succeeding display has proved a greater and greater success. May the prosperity attend future efforts on your part, as it most surely will, if those efforts be put forth as in the past. We think, too, the time has come when the State should respond to a call from us to recog- nize and encourage through aid, te Citrus Fair organizations, the orange grower and - the raisin maker, whose labors, thus far unaided, have shown how much their productions must add to the wealth of California. ALBERT S. WHITE, JAMES BETTNER, E. W. HOLMES. Executive Committee. FRUIT GROWERS’ STATE CONVENTION, o > The Semi-Annual State Convention of Fruit Growers assembled in the Pavilion at Riverside on Wednesday evening, March 14, 1883, under the auspices of the State Board of Horticultural Commission- ers, H. J. Rudisill, of Riverside, presiding. Mr. E. W. Holmes, of Riverside, read the following well prepared essay on Cit- rus Culture, which was well received by the audience: MR. CHAIRMAN, LADIES AND GENTLE- MEN :—A modest man may well hesitate about attempting the presentation of much that is new regarding citrus fruits, to a company among whom are so many prac- ‘tical men who have given years to the study of the question. I shall offer, there- fore, simply a resume of methods most approved, for the benefit of those to whom the business is new, while only re- ferring to the theories, hobbies, and hopes of the orchardists of this section. It is a common feeling that preaching should be supplemental to a more than usually suc- cegstul sort of practicing; but, like a good many brothers in another calling, I find it easier to “point the way’’ than un- swervingly to follow it. In fruit culture, however, as in spiritual matters, it is evi- dent there is no one plain road to follow; but many right ways, as well as an infini- tude of wrong ones. In one locality a system of irrigating prevails, made neces- sary by peculiarities of its soil and the amount of its water supply, while in another section, with differing conditions, such method would be entirely inadmiss- able, if not impossible of practice. The same thing may be as truly said of prun- ing, of cultivating, and other departments of our work. It is this difference in con- ditions which makes a variety of systems necessary, and compels a conscientious lh Be. Yee v orchardist to hesitate in promulgating, at least, in a dogmatic way, the methods most approved within the limited range of his experience. Still, there are funda- mental principles which should govern in all cases—so evident and commonplace that they hardly need to be recapitulated here. eWeclaim for the climate of Southern Calfornia exceptional excellence as re- gards the production of superior fruit. In- deed it much more nearly resembles that of the European orange producing coun- tries than any other portion of our own land where such fruit is grown. I think it is clearly demonstrated that those por- tions of our own section which are distant from the coast, or sufficiently elevated above the sea level to be beyond the in- fluences of a too cool sea breeze and out of the range of the fogs, are those where the conditions are the most favorabie to.the production of the best fruit. No doubt it is to our peculiarly dry climate—or may it be owing to the coolness of our nights ? —that we find the rind of our oranges thicker than are those raised in a more moist climate. While this is in one sense a fault it is more than counterbalanced by their better shipping and keeping quali- ties. During a visit to the East last spring I made it a point to visit many of the promi- nent importing houses for the sake of making comparisons of fruit. That from my own trees had been picked from one to two months, yet I found only in a few instances a lot which I considered equal to that grown here. Some of that from Florida had the dry and tasteless quality peculiar to oranges which have been fro- zen, and the best of it was not to be com- pared to ours. It was not, however, a sea- 9 oy’ bis Dede ei Ls Cobife AR . a ented a ht STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. 13 son of the year when a comparison fair to production of a sister State could be made. Some of thefruit I saw was from Valencia, and it had the high flavor and the char- acter of skin peculiar to our best seedlings. It is said that in the orange region of the Mediterranean the soil most preferred is a ‘calcareous clay,having a considerable pro- portion of alkali. In this section we have attributed something of the superiority of our oranges to the amount of iron in our soil. A correspondent of a Florida paper gave, a few years ago, some interesting information concerning this subject. He stated, if I remember correctly, that the fruit produced in those valleys near Pa- lermo, where the soil was rich and loamy and where the most luxuriant growth was seen, sold for a much lower price than that raised in the apparently less fertile mountainous regions. The mountain fruit being valuable for its better keeping quali- ties. While we know that good methods industriously followed will produce good results under unfavorable conditions of soil and location, there are few but will confirm the statement that it is upon the mesa land and in the mountain canyons ‘of Southern California that the superior fruit will be found. In planting orange trees select those of vigqrous growth, and if seedlings, of from tw four years of age. Those who are planting large numbers do not take the trouble they ought in preparing the holes. It would pe profitable if in every case a hole were dug much larger than the tree roots would fill, and then a small amount of well-rotted manure thrown in, and af- ter being mixed with earth, covered with a layer of surface earth to prevent the roots coming in direct contact with the manure. In Italy it is sometimes cus- tomary to bend the tap root for the pur- pose of forcing down the growth of the other roots, which, if effective, will enable the tree to endure drowth and permitting thorough and deep cultivation. A tree should be planted only a little if any low- er than it stood in the nursery. Less than twenty feet apart is not now approved here. That distance will be sufficiently near for most budded varieties, and under no conditions should it be less than that for seedlings. Twenty-five feet is about the right distance, while there are many —to whom the high price of good orange land has no terror— who would not put them less than 30 feet apart. If one pre- fers the quincunx method, do not crowd the trees. It is no advantage to have more than 100 seedlings to the acre. Ex- cept where the distance between the rows is considerable, one usually gains little by planting anything else in the orchard. In many instances, for the sake of an early income, people have found 1t profitable to put a row eof raisin grapes or some good variety of canning peaches between the rows—to be removed as soon as the space is required by the oranges. In case this is done extra care must be taken with the irrigating and also with the cultivation, to avoid injury to the permanent orchard. It has not been customary, in Riverside at least, to use manure in young orchards. It is found, however, that while young trees thrive without it they do still better when it is used; while in bearing orchards the use of stable and sheep manures is much more common than formerly, es- pecially among the more successful orch- ardists. The subject of irrigation is one which deserves considerable attention. The ad- vocates of the different methods have urged them through our periodicals, but somehow eachllocality clings to that pecu- liar to itself. We hear less about ‘dry irrigation’’ than formerly, the advocates of non-irrigation for the orange having— at least the most prominent among them —decided that, while in favored localities it is possible to raise orange trees without it, irrigation induces a better condition for fruit bearing and produces larger and more valuable fruit. There appear, how- ever, seyeral fine displays grown without irrigation. There is no doubt but that the method of using a large head of water, running it in blocks and basins, may be the only practical one in loose soils, where the water is so rapidly absorbed as to make its use in small heads impossible. Where the ground 1s quite level it may, perhaps, be safely used so far as danger in the way of washing out the best of the soil is concerned. As such land will per- mit of cultivation very soon after the water is turned off, there is little danger 14 STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. of inducing gum disease if the work is promptly and faithfully done. Such a method employed upon much of the heavier soils of this county would ruin the trees in a few years, especially if there should prove to be any considerable amount of alkali in the soil. Where the water supply is quite limited, the basin system is of necessity followed, and if this method isemployed in soil containing much clay it would seem to be absolutely essential that the soil should be loosened as soon after wetting as possible, to avoid injury to the trees. In Riverside both the character of the soil and the method of distributing water make a very different system preferable. Shallow furrows are run across the orchard in a direction to give as little grade as possible, from four to six furrows being made in each ‘‘land.”’ A flume across the head of the lot receives from twenty to forty inches of water, and lets it out through auger holes in tiny streams into the furrows. The theory- is to allow enough to flow in each furrow to permit the water to just reach the end, and to so regulate it that there will be very little running to waste. The water is allowed to run from 24 to 72 hours, when the entire surface will be moistened up by the seepage from the furrows. Itis never considered good management to allow water to directly touch the tree trunks. With the most careful there is necessarily some waste water, but with the careless— especially if the head ditch is only an open one, liable- to break and send the entire stream down a few furrows—there is often as much as 25 per cent. of water lost, and carrying with it the finest and most valuable of the surface soil. This waste water is, however, in a majority of cases, utilized in the orchard below, except where it is used upon the border of the settlement. In some portions of our val- ley, where the soil is more sandy, as in the lower portion of the Arlington divi- sion of our town, a different plan is in some cases followed—the land being accu- rately leveled and the whole stream run into squares and there allowed to settle away, which it does quite rapidly. Where this plan can be used it is found very sat- isfactory, as it gives to the soil all the silt the stream brings from the mountain, and if the surface were spread with manure before irrigating would send directly to the roots in liquid form just the qualities the trees need and such soil lacks. Supe- riority has quite generally been conceded to Riverside fruit; and while upon the subject of irrigating, I desire to remind you that not to soil and climate alone is this excellence to be attribnted, but to the liberal use of water as well. We have found that, even in Riverside, oranges grow small and of inferior quality when, through the increased demands of matur- ing orchards and faulty management, there has been a dearth of water for a por- tion of the season. Bearing trees cannot g0 more than a month without water in this county except to their injury. No man can safely attempt the raising of oranges for profit who has not a certain and ample water supply, and no supply of water is sufficient which barely enables you to keep your trees in existence from year to year. The indiscriminate slashing away at trees appears to be going out of fashion, and a careful system of pruning is likely to take its place. Formerly one party believed in never putting shears into a tree, while another carefully removed every new limb as soon as it became large enough to indicate an effort for lifegon the part of the tree. It is better to confine all the growth to a single trunk from the time of planting, and when it approaches bearing age to shorten in the longer branches—or as a friend describes the method—‘‘to shingle the trees head,”— and to remove dormant and dryin g wood from the interior of the tree. This allows a circulation of air aud gives strength to the shortened limbs, so that they may sustain the fruit without breaking. Heavy pruning had best be done in early spring. Different systems of cultivation are fol- lowed in different localities. There are many here who no longer plow their orchards, finding it better to stir the soil to a depth as great with cultivators made for the purpose. I am of the opinion that since the orangetree throws out constantly into the warm surface earth sa many deli- cate roots that we violate the rules of its being when we attempt to entirely remove STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. 15 them. The object of cultivation is to pulverize the surface soil so it may act as a mulch and retain moisture for the use of the roots below. I confess it does not appear clear to me that anything is gained by going deeper than is necessary to accomplish this. One authority states that in the Mediterranean orchards culti- vation six inches deep is considered ample. The question of seedling versus budded fruit will, in all probability, still agitate those engaged in tree planting, since the recent cold wave has conclusively shown the former so much more fitted to endure an foccasional frost. There are some of the budded varieties which will, as here- tofore, commend themselves for the same reason, and the beautiful Riverside Navel, the Malta Blood perhaps, and the Medit- erranean Sweet, will, I predict, be still as ~ freely planted as heretofore, notwithstand- ing their more tender character. Itseems to me that in order to gain in uniformity it would be well to bud from varieties such as the Acapulco, Konah, and other choice California seedlings. Most successful budding is done in the fall, and the bud started from its dormant condition in the following spring. In Florida they use a sour orange as a stock upon which to bud. The same plan seems to be universally followed in Sicily. Here we have only used, at least since all descriptions of lemon have proved un- satisfactoy, the sweet seedling. It is urged that thej sour or bittersweet orange is much hardier, more precocious and grows faster, and that it will gain 50 per cent. in diameter over the otherin ten years. Why not obtain this as a stock, and by budd- ing high make certain the success of the lemon in localities where now it is only just possible to raise them. I have found the orange root carried lemons of the Lis- bon and Sweetrind varities safely through our late frosts while everything upon the lemon root suffered severely. The Eureka lemon upon the orange root felt the cold even worse than the limes, and I am of the opinion that this variety will not stand 22° above zero weather---except possibly in some of the newer settlements. This brings me to the question of the advisability of devoting space to the lemon as well as to the orange. I know that or- ange raising has always had, and prob- ably will have for years to come, the pref- erence over the lemon. In consideration of the greater beauty of the tree and dur- ing the past few years at least its greater profit it is not to be wondered that the or- ange has the preference. And now that we have had a period of cold so much greater than ever before experienced, it is natural that the tenderer tree should fall off in popularity. If I were planting an orch- ard in one of these new places where I be- lieved Jack Frost would never visit—he doubtless knows better than to fool away his time on a spot where there is little to suffer from his frosty touch—I would (that is, I would if IT could be sure of water to keep them from wilting when they set their first crop) plant a good share of my place to one of the hardiest and most reli- able varieties of the lemon. It is possible that some of my friends may feel that this is my hobby. Perhaps it is. I think I have as good a reason for holding to it as I have for my belief that the time will come when poor oranges will not pay to market and good ones will only net four or five hundred dollars an acre. I have no fear but a well culitvated orange orch- ard will always pay handsomely; and I feel just as sure that he who owns a good lemon orchard in full bearing, and in a locality, if such we have, where only an occasional tender touch of frost will reach, will find himself the owner of some- thing a shade better than even an orange orchard. If it pays the orchardists of Italy to cut down old orange orchards to enable them to bud them over to the lemon it looks as though the time might come when those who are most favored as re- gards locality would regret their failure to.devote some space to a fruit so con- stantly in demand, and suited to such varied uses. Its better keeping quality, and the probability that no depreciation in prices is likely to take place are, in my opinion strong arguments in its favor. The country where most of the lemons are produced is said to be much more subject to frosts than this section, having suffered from no less than nine or ten great freezes during the last century, while in two instances bearing orange or- chards wese frozen to the ground. Still rae 14 STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. of inducing gum disease if the work is promptly and faithfully done. Such a method employed upon much of the heavier soils of this county would ruin the trees in a few years, especially if there should prove to be any considerable amount of alkali in the soil. Where the water supply is quite limited, the basin system is of necessity followed, and if this method isemployed in soil containing much clay it would seem to be absolutely essential that the soil should be loosened as soon after wetting as possible, to avoid injury to the trees. In Riverside both the character of the soil and the method of : ‘distributing water make a very different system preferable. Shallow furrows are run across the orchard in a direction to give as little grade as possible, from four to six furrows being made in each land.” A flume across the head of the lot receives ‘from twenty to forty inches of water, and lets it out through auger holes in tiny streams into the furrows. The theory- is “to allow enough to flow in each furrow to ‘permit the water to just reach the end, and to so regulate it that there will be very little running to waste. The water is ‘allowed to run from 24 to 72 hours, when the entire surface will be moistened up by the seepage from the furrows. Itis never considered good management to allow water to directly touch the tree trunks. With the most careful there is necessarily some waste water, but with the careless— especially if the head ditch is only an open one, liable- to break and send the entire stream down a few furrows—there is often as much as 25 per cent. of water lost, and carrying with it the finest and most valuable of the surface soil. This waste water is, however, in a majority of cases, utilized in the orchard below, except ‘where it is used upon the border of the settlement. In some portions of our val- ley, where the soil is more sandy, as in the lower portion of the Arlington divi- sion of our town, a different plan is in some cases followed—the land being accu- rately leveled and the whole stream run into squares and there allowed to settle away, which it does quite rapidly. Where this plan can be used it is found very sat- isfactory, as it gives to the soil all the silt the stream brings from the mountain, and Hs ERTL I Sm Rr FRRTE LB DR EEE mae if the surface were spread with manure before irrigating would send direcily to the roots in liquid form just the qualities the trees need and such soil lacks. = Supe- riority has quite generally been conceded to Riverside fruit; and while upon the subject of irrigating, I desire to remind you that not to soil and climate alone is this excellence to be attribnted, but to the liberal use of water as well. We have found that, even in Riverside, oranges grow small and of inferior quality when, through the increased demands of matur- ing orchards and faulty management, there has been a dearth of water for a por- tion of the season. Bearing trees cannot go more than a month without water in this county except to their injury. No man can safely attempt the raising of oranges for profit who has not a certain and ample water supply, and no supply of water is sufficient which barely enables You to keep your trees in existence from Year to year. | The indiscriminate slashing away at trees appears to be going out of fashion, and a careful system of pruning is likely to take its place. Formerly one party believed in never putting shears into a tree, while another carefully removed -every new limb as soon as it became large enough to indicate an effort for lifa@on the part of the tree. It is better to comfine all the growth to a single trunk from the time of planting, and when it approaches bearing age to shorten in the longer branches—or as a friend describes the method—‘to shingle the trees head,”— and to remove dormant and drying wood from the interior of the tree. This allows a circulation of air and gives strength to the shortened limbs, so that they may sustain the : fruit without breaking. Heavy pruning had best be done in early spring. Different systems of cultivation are fol- lowed in different localities. There are many here who no longer plow their orchards, finding it better to stir the soil to a depth as great with cultivators made for the purpose. I am of the opinion that - since the orangetree throws out constantly into the warm surface earth sa many deli- cate roots that we violate the rules of its being when we attempt to entirely remove STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. 15 them. The object of cultivation is to pulverize the surface soil so it may act as a mulch and retain moisture for the use of the roots below. I confess it does "/ not appear clear to me that anything is gained by going deeper than is necessary to accomplish this. One authority states that in the Mediterranean orchards culti- “vation six inches deep is considered ample. The question of seedling versus budded ~~ fruit'will, in all probability, still agitate - those engaged in tree planting, since the recent cold wave has conclusively shown the former so much more fitted to endure "an foceasional frost. There are some of the budded varieties which will, as here- + tofore, commend themselves for the same '"/"reason, and the beautiful Riverside Navel, the Malta Blood perhaps, and the Medit- erranean Sweet, will, I predict, be still as “freely planted asheretofore, notwithstand- ‘ing their more tender character. Itseems to me that in order to gain in uniformity "it would be well to bud from varietiessuch as the Acapulco, Konah, and other choice -''Qalifornia seedlings. ‘Most successful *' budding is done in the fall, and the bud started from its dormant condition in the following spring. "In Florida they use a sour orange as a “stock upon ‘which to bud. The same plan : * géems to be universally followed in Sicily. Here we have only used, at least since all descriptions of lemon have proved un- - satisfactoy, the sweet seedling. It is urged “that the] sour or bittersweet orange is " much hardier, more precocious and grows faster, and that it will gain 50 per cent, in ' "diameter over the otherin ten years. Why not obtain this as a stock, and by budd- “" ing high make certain the sucgess of the “lemon in localities where now it is only "just possible to raise them. I have found ‘the orange root carried lemons of the Lis- “bon and Sweetrind varities safely through "our late frosts while everything upon the lemon root suffered severely. The Eureka lemon upon the orange root felt the cold even worse than the limes, and I am of the opinion that this variety will not stand 22° above zero weather---except possibly in some of the newer settlements. This brings me to the question of the - advisability of devoting spaceto the lemon as well as to the orange. I know that or- ange raising has always had, and prob- ably will have for years to come, the pref- erence over the lemon. In consideration of the greater beauty of the tree and dur- ing the past few years at least its greater - profit it is not to be wondered that the or- ange has the preference. And now that we have had a period of cold so. much greater than ever before experienced, it is natural that the tenderer tree should fall off in popularity. If I were planting an orch- ard in one of these new places where I be- lieved Jack Frost would never visit—he doubtless knows better than to fool away his time on a spot where there is little to suffer from his frosty touch—I would (that - i8, I would if I could be sure of water to keep them from wilting when they set their first crop) plant a good share of my place to one of the hardiest and most reli- able varieties of the lemon. It is possible that some of my friends may feel that this is my hobby. Perhaps it is. I think I have as good a reason for holding to it as I have for my belief that the time, will come when poor oranges will not pay to market and good ones will only net four or five hundred dollars an acre. I have no fear but a well culitvated orange. orch- ard will always pay handsomely; and I feel just as sure that he who owns a good lemon orchard in full bearing, and in a locality, if such we have, where only an occasional tender touch of frost will reach, will find himself the owner of some- thing a shade better than even an orange orchard. If it pays the orchardists of Italy to cut down old orange orchards to enable them to bud them over to the lemon it looks as though the time might come when those who are most favored as re- - gards locality would regret their failure to.devote some space to a fruit so’ con- stantly in demand, and suited to such varied uses. Its better keeping quality, and the probability that no depreciation in prices is likely to take plaee are, in my opinion strong arguments in its favor. The country where most of the lemons. are produced is said to be much more subject to frosts than this section, having suffered from no less than nine or ten great freezes during the last century, while in two instances bearing orange or- chards wese frozen to the ground. Still 16 STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. the business prospers and the suckers from the odd roots coming rapidly into ‘bearing, and in many instances having been budded to the more easily injured lemon. Californiansare too prone to follow in droves like sheep instead of acting up- on their own judgment. To-day we all plant oragnes; next year we are wild about the apricot; another season the pear; an- ~~ other the wine grape, and next the raisin monopolizes our attention. No doubt each of these will pay, but with any one of them there will, in all likelihood, be a Year when the market is glutted, and then out will come our vines or pear or apricot trees and in will go something else which in time will have its day of depression. Do, if you have any one of these planted /in considerable quantity in a place well adapted, stick to what you have under- ‘taken, through evil and good times till you make it a complete success. If you “are just starting, however, consider the ‘arguments regarding the different fruits and select that which appeals to our own commen sense as most desirable. In my visits to the Eastern importing houses last summer I was surprised to find that there was so little uniformity in ‘the style of the boxes and cases. Each country seemed to have a style peculiar to itself. They were all divided into com- /partments, however. It would be well for the orange and lemon growers of ‘Southern California to adopt, for the East- ern trade at least, a compartment box of uniform size and style, It should be a trifle smaller and lighter than that now considerably used here for lemons. In- stead of having the compartments a foot square, however, I would have them ten inches in depth, twelve inches long and thirteen inches wide. Oneeof ourshipping houses is now using a box of about this capacity, although of a little different" - shape. Nearly all the foreign fruit is shipped in a tough, light box, obtained in Maine and shipped across the ocean in shooks. ‘Why could we not arrange to “have them shipped to this coast by water. "They could doubtless be laid down here for less than are those we now obtain from . the morth. Theyjare of much tougher + ~wwood and would be of less weight than ''...those now in use. In the matter of picking and packing there has unquestionably much been learned during the past few years; but though the true creed is readily assented to the religion of honesty does not yet seem to have quile the hold it ought upon the practices of the orchardist. Don’t hesitate over thorned or frosted fruit, but condemn that which is unmerchantable at once; and when you pack, fill the box as full as you can without injury to the fruit, so that it may not go rattling for hundreds of miles in a partially filled box to its serious detriment. It is to be hoped that more encouraging inducements may be offered shippers by the overland railroad before another year. The quantity of fruit now produced makes an Eastern market a necessity. If the short-sighted policy of the great Cali- fornia road is persisted in, we have hope that before lo 1g competition will open a new route whose more liberal methods will draw to it the business of this rapidly. growing country. In conclusion let me ask what profession or calling has more to recommend it than this of ours? What other brings more certain payment for congenial toil, and at the same time so fully satisfies a love of the beautiful? It is possible there are localities within the limits of our favored land where the or- ange and kindred fruits can be raised as satisfactorily, as regards profit alone, as. they may be in Southern California; but in none of these, I say it advisedly, can be found a climate so healthful and at the same time surroundings so agreeable. One to whom indoor life in the variable climate of the extreme east had brought disease and weakness, and to whom the bright sunshine of this favored land—with the out-of-door-life which it invites—has brought comparative health and strength, may be excused if he indulges in enthu- siastic praise of this ‘sunset land,” and of the noble calling to which we are here devoting ourselves. Is it to be wondered that we love our home a “Set in the fair green valleys, purple walled, And desire to have its yicinity become as famous for the excellence of its fruit and the energy, intelligence and integrity of its people as it is rapidly becoming oy the superiority of its climate and thegrandeur of its scenry. G. W. Garcelon read the following essay on Deciduous Fruits: MR. CHAIRMAN, LADIES AND GENTLE- MEN :—Deciduous fruits grown in South- ern California is a topic about which there are so many gentlemen here so much bet- ter posted than I, that I feel more like making an apology for accepting the po- sition, and retiring with some little credit. "is said that a man is in a fair way to knowledge when he has reached the turn- pike of ignorance. Southern California rather excels in taking the wind from the sails of Eastern experience. Clouds will often, in our winter months, thicken around, the weather-wise, lately from New England, rushes for an umbrella or shel- ter, while the old settler starts off ona pienio—believes nothing and knows noth- tng about the weather. ni Ten ‘years ago flavorless apples were ‘gold in San Bernardino, two for a bit, which meant fifteen cents if one did not have a dime. Yet for the want of attention apple trees were allowed to drop their fruit by even their fpoor owners, the high price not being inducement sufficient to care for them, and not until Riverside thrift taught a better lesson, were some orchardists able to receive an income from ‘a former'waste. An observing San Ber- nardino gentleman gave me this fact. Poor peaches were hawked around River- side’s empty blocks—three pounds for two bits. We occasionally had seedling apri- cdots brought to us, almost all skin and pit, leaving a pungency in the mouth which required ditch water to change the flavor. Seedling pears were hard and tough, but the wonder was that deciduous and citrus fruits would thrive side by side—the qual- "/ ity'was nothing, the fact was everything. Nurserymen flooded us with pamphlets and advice after this style: ‘Only thefol- lowing varieties of apples, pears, peaches, ete., will succeed in California. After * years of experience we have proved it, and ‘now offer at reduced rates these varieties, 'ete.,”” and when we received them they were indeed varieties, such as give spice to life in exasperating doses. = Let me ‘whisper to the strangers in our midst, re- ‘questing them to receive the secret in con- fidence: Several Riversiders, owing to our salubrious climate perhaps, were in- STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. 17 duced to invest largely in those celebrated hardy Russian apple trees by an offer of a most wonderful blue rose bush. TUnfor- tunately our fine climate took the blues from the rose and they became perfectly white when in flower, and the owner be- came blue instead. The Russian apple trees, owing to the high price of land and absence from their nihilist homes, took a back step—appeared as seedings, no doubt much to the regret of the nice young man who sold them, although his arrange- ments were such that he was unable to so inform his Riverside patrons. I begin to think, and no doubt you -do, that the ‘Executive Committees selected me because I knew nothing and had nothing to say about my subject. Indeed, the little fortunes we invested in deciduous fruits in our early days, led many of us to fry and get our money back by raising like fruits for the deluded ones who would come after us, but land raised more than deciduous fruits, and the com- ing man said I want citrus fruits with their beauty and profit. Now, the woodman has laid low many of our apple trees, many of our peach trees—even pear, and some varieties of apricot, have proved very efficacious in making the pot boil. People in coming to a new country, at first fall into some of the errors of the country, and do a pioneer work. Experi- ence teaches—often it is costly. The re- sult of my observation and experience are, that some varieties of apples are as fine in appearance and flavor as any in any country, others are not so good. Our early apples which mature when our appetiles crave the acid properties they possess are just the fruit. A little later, other varieties, I think, possess more fla- vor than we credit them, but owing to the many other delicious fruits then in their - prime with us we do not do them justice. We would if we were in those countries. where varieties of fruit are so limited. IL do not forget that many varieties of apples are more or less flavorless in those cli- mates where they are said to excel. It is a fact that a crispness seems to be given this fruit when the tree is exposed to frost and snow, yet I do not believe even those of us who had apple trees were grateful for the cold and snow of January, 1882. 18 STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. Our apples are better keepers than we think—as in many other things we do not supply the proper conditions for results, 80 our apples are put into the most con- venient place instead of the best. Often they are permitted to fall from the tree’ and lie upon the ’ground until there is a little lull in other work. The sun, rains, etc., find the bruised fruit ready to return to its primary constituents, and we are ready to say our apples do not keep. , Ifyou want good apples, gather them while yet crisp, handle them carefully, having a low, even and not too dry an atmosphere for them, and they will keep much longer than if roughly cared for. Certain kind of pears do well in South- ern California. Be careful in the selection “of your trees; have the soil well prepared and your trees properly put out. Some- times young pear trees are not well grown in the nursery, and they may be well ‘grown there, but too much mutilated in - taking them up. No fruit tree will ever give satisfaction, however well it may be “cared for in the orchard, if it has not had good treatment in - the nursery. The Bartlett pear is the most profitable, regu- lar in bearing and often does well under very bad usage. “The Winter Nellis comes next—is not so regular in bearing, and sometimes, owing to some unfulfilled con- dition, refuses to accept the situation—per- sists in remaining fruitless. The Seckel, ~ Beurre d’Anjon, Faster Beurre, and sev- eral others are good bearers, but like many other fruit trees, unless properly pruned and fruit thinned, they will not bear every year. For canning the Bartlett is the best. A gentleman of large experience in handling this fruit, is advising the planting of the Bartlett pear instead of citrus fruits in “Riverside. Now comes the apricot, although I have placed it third, yet it should stand first. Many Riversiders have gone very largely into the production of this fruit, and it seems to some extent a very wise thing to do. I think, however profitably this fruit may be raised here, yet in other Places where land is cheaper and water is near enough to the surface to do away with irrigation this fruit can be produced at much less expense and consequently more profitably. Hundreds of tons of apricots were raised in Riverside in 1883, and proved very remunerative to the growers. Although the quantities pro- duced so far exceeded the estimate of the producers that the handling of the fruit to the best advantage was prevented from lack of facilities. Let mesuggest an early movement on the part of growers in Riv- erside, as soon as practical to get as near as possible to the number of tons to be produced in 1883, so that the canners may increase their facilities accordingly, and the dryer supply himself with the most approved machines and prevent the loss of 1882. The apricot is a fruit that when just in the right state must be gathered for both canning and drying. A large orchard requires a large amount of help during the gathering of the fruit, which of course makes its production less paying than other fruits like the orange, “which, if not frosted, will remain months upon the tree preserving its flavor, ete. Now Mr, Chairman, the lands of River- side have risen in value year after year on occount of their ability to produce such fine oranges, and in whatever portion of our valley the orange can be produced or the raisin grape grown, it seems less pro- fitable to attempt other fruits which may be nearly if not quite as successfully grown upon much cheaper lands in our State. : With the exception of apricots and rai- sin grapes almost all Riversiders have paid very little attention to deciduous fruits. The profit in the orange which towers so far aboye them hag caught our eyes, and our thoughts and hands work for them not giving as yet much time or care to other fruits. Peaches are gradu- ally coming to the front, especially such varieties as can well like the Lemon Cling, Heath Cling, and and Early Craw- fords. There are many good new varieties of which a tree or two are all that a family may need. The surrounding demand for fresh peaches being so limited makes it poor policy to grow table varieties to any extent. Where there are many children in a family, with the help of some of the most Spproved machines for drying it ough to Profitable ¥o grow any of the reestone peaches, as ed peaches are always aD. i a a STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. 19 The growing of plums and prunes in Riverside is not a success. Some seasons our trees bear well and then for a year or two they bear leaves. Quinces produce well but the demand is small. Nectarines I think, are not up to what their names would have us expect. Some varieties produce well and are remunerative. We ‘are told this was the food of the Gods; if 80 our desires need elevating. To another gentleman has been given the subjuct of the Raisin Grape, conse- quently I will pass it. Wine grapes, I am happy to say are very little grown in Riverside as such. We probably have some of the varieties for table grapes, which are plenty and excellent, making good dried grapes and the meaty, firm, fresh kinds find ready sale, as they will bear transportation. ' Figs and pomegranates are semi-tropical deciduous fruits; both are very productive but somehow preparing our figs for market involves so much work and exper- iment and our birds make such havoc with the fruit before it is quite ready for gataering that many are discouraged— and as we are told that we have not as yet planted the right kind, perhaps ’tis best to have but a few trees for the present— until we are sure which is the best, although we ought to sit under our own vine and fig tree, especially as there are few finer looking trees even without the foliage than the fig. The pomegranate is grown extensively in Los Angeles county by Gov. Steneman, and they are said to / sell well among those who like them. The tree or shrub is very ornamental in foliage, flower and fruit. I suppose the varieties of nuts are deciduous but chief among the traditional thing which induced many to venture on walnuts, was the story from Old San Ber- nardino—the ‘one hundred and twenty dollar to a iree’”’ story—and.I suppose it was accountable for the way many of Riverside’s pioneers invested and planted walnuts. I think such returns touched the hesitating spot, and as delays are dangerous we put in the walnuts and they grew and grew and have warmed the hearthstone many a time since, though the silver from them did not line or brighten our pockets, yet their gold-en hues shed a fine lustre from the open fire, and baked the whitest of bread in the oven. This is not the first instance on record where ashes followed high hopes. . Almonds have done so poorly that we have consigned most of them to the red spider and destruction. I have two pecan nut trees grown from seed nearly ten years old and not more than as many + inches high. Af this rate I hope the third generation after me may be able to decide whether pecans will do in Southern Cali- fornia. The smaller deciduous fruits such as raspberries and currants, do not take kindly to us, but blackberries grow and bear abundantly where they have plenty of water. Cherries are not at home in Riverside; high up in the foothills not far from us they are said to be productive. I believe this ends the list of deciduous fruits grown in Southern California, un- less eggs might come under that head, as hens have their moulting season, and that probably is why the incubator is in the Citrus Fair. Insects are somewhat troublesome. Our State through a society formed to prevent the spread of insect pests and destruction of fruits and trees, is doing what she can, yet every horticulturist could make the work more efficient by careful attention to his own trees, and using such methods of extermination as have been found by experiment to do the work. It is saidthat the importation of trees has brought to us these troubles; no doubt this is correct, as only a few years since, California claimed as one of her attractions in fruit growing, the absence of all insect pests. Those who come to Riverside to-day have much to say about the high orice of lands, and quote the $25 per acre of ten . years since and wish they had that chance instead of having to pay $1,000 to- $1,500 per acre to-day for improved places. Perhaps such persons do not realize what it was to come here far away from many ’ privileges and enjoyments, and attempt something new amid failures and disap- pointmenis. Look at some of our old places to-day. Many vacancies and young growth of trees show where disease, mis- takes and changes had to be made after years of care, and lessons which cost the 20 pioneer money and labor. I hardly think ‘that there is much choice between $300 an acre to-day, and $25 in 1873. The present Riverside is a success. The Riverside of 1878 had many doubts, even in 1875, many lost faith in her and left for other fields. Those who have stood by the enterprise in its weakness, have been rewarded as ‘they ought to be, in receiving fair prices for their improved lands. We are all looking hopefully forward to the time when we shall, after so many efforts in different directions, fully decide for what our lands are best adapted and what will pay best as an investment. Itis my hope, ‘Mr. Chairman, that we have fully reached that position and that now and hereafter we shall not be forced to make any more changes because of Irish dividends. Mr. Richardson of San Gabriel, spoke on the subject of the cultivation and pre- paration of the citron as follows: LADIES AND GENTLEMEN :—I suppose that the object of this fair is for the Fruit Growers to come together and relate their experience in fruit culture, and to tell of _ their sugcesses and of their failures; and in speaking of the citron—of the cultiva- on of the citron—I can only relate my experience and success with this fruit. A few years ago, I conceived the opinion i that some time in the near future some parties would undertake the manufaeture of the oitron of commerce, and as I had two or three citron trees on my place fs bore a superior fruit for this purpose, I planted a quantity of seed and grew about four hundred citron trees. When they were two years old I planted them in or- chard form, At that time I also took a notion into my head that the eitron would grow from cuttings. At the same time that I planted my seedling trees in orchard form, I planted some five or six hundred cuttings in nursery form. All my cut- tings grew and all my seedlings grew. In two years they commenced fruiting; the _cuftings bore fruit and the seedlings ‘bere fruit. But my citron trees were neither citron, lemon, nor—well I don’t know what they were; they were hybrids; in fact they were perfect mules, and I re- “ceived a perfect kick from this mule. 1 saw my mistake then, ‘I should have planted cuttings in the first place, and STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. then I would have had the trees citron, both root and branch. I went to work and budded my citrons. In the meantime, while my citrons were growing, my chil- dren brought home from the district school a citron that I cut open and found what I supposed to be a superior fruit to what I had on my place. So when I went to budding I inquired of the children where they obtained this citron, they told me that a certain neighbor’s children brought it to school. And when I com- menced budding my trees I budded all from my own trees and went to my neigh- bor and asked him if he had a good citron tree. He said he had. I asked him for some buds and he gave me some and I budded some. I had not seen the fruit on the tree and about two years ago the cit- rons that I budded came into bearing. But all those that I budded from my neighbor’s tree were a worse mule than I had before; but I went to work and bud- ded them all over again and got some trees, so that finally I had a perfect citron orchard of 600 trees. Well, four years ago, I think it was, a firm in San Francisco started in canning citrons and China lemon peel and peels from other thick rind fruit. I learned of their commencement and wrote to them that I had eitrons; I had at the time perhapsitwo tonsof citrons on my trees. They replied that they were not prepared to go into the manufacture of citrons to any extent; that they were merely experimenting; I then told them that I would furnish them fruit free, I would pick it and deliver it at the depot free for them to experiment with, They answered me and said they would be glad to have me send two or three barrels to experiment with, and I did so, telling them at the same time how much fruit I had and that I would send the whole of it if they would pay for the packages; they said that they were notsituated to attempt to that extent. In about a month they wrote to me saying that they had better * success than they expected and would be glad to accept of my offer. In the mean- time we had that snow that we had three Years ago, and the snow fell at my place and the citron trees having a large leaf the snow laid on the leaves overnight and chilled the fruit so that it ruined nearly all STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. 21 of it. I selected out the best of it and shipped it to them telling them the cir- cumstances of its being frozen. The frost that year destroyed the blossom-bud so that next year I had no fruit, but in the fall one of this firm, Mr. James, visited me and wished to purchase citrons. I told him I had no citrons to sell, that the fruit had been destroyed and consequently there were no citrons. He said he was pre- pared to pay two cents a pound for citrons boxed and delived in San Francisco. I thought I was going to have a fair thing when my ecitrons came into bearing. Well, a year ago last July, my trees had recovered and were full of fruit. Some of the fruit was picked for manufacture. I had business in San Francisco, and I went to this firm, James & Parish, with speci- mens of my fruit, and they entered into a verbal agreement with me to take my crop al two cents a pound, packed and delivered at the depot at San Gabriel. I thought I had a very good thing, for I had about fifteen or twenty tons of citrons. I came home and picked what citrons were fit to gather at that time—they have to be gathered at a certain stage of their growth and do not have to be theroughly ripe, but fully grown and just turning—and sent them at that time some six or eight barrels; a friend of mine in the draying business delivered them at the factory. They were very much pleased with it; they were terribly pleased with it, and they sat down and wrote me a letter, say-- ing they were so much pleased with the fruit and had they not better send one of their firm to look up the citrons in the country. But by some means the letter was sent in another direction ; it went to San Rafael, and was delivered to a nur- seryman there, and it was nearly a month berore I received it. In the meantime they had experimented with the citrons that I had sent them, and they sent to me saying that the citrons did not process as they had expeeted and that I should not ship them any more fruit until I heard from them. I immediately sat down and wrote to them that two years ago I had furnished them citrons to experiment with and they had met, as they said, with success; they had sent their handbills over the country; they had sent them to Riverside; they had sent them to Los Angeles; they had scattered their hand- bills broadcast over the country, saying, “Plant citron trees!” Implying that they would purchase our citrons, and now they turn and tell me my citron is not the thing, and I have not heard one word from that firm from that day to this, ex- cept that I sent a friend to collect the nfoney for what fruit I had sent them. My citrons that I had that year perished on my hands. I shipped a little to San Francisca to commission merchants and they sold it to Chinamen for $3 a box, and that fruit was good. = I made another shipment to the market and the China- men wanted no more citrons. = They had got all they wanted. I then wrote toa packing firm in San Jose. They replied that they were ready to contract for cit- rons at $30 a ton delivered there, if it suited their purpose, and if I saw fit, to ship them a few barrels; they would like about five barrels to experiment with. I shipped them the fruit; they went to work and processed it. They had a man that claimed to come from some place in Europe where they manufactured citrons, and claimed to be an expert in the busi- ness. After a ttme they wrote to me say- ing that the citrons did not process to their expectation; that they were in doubt as to its being the true citron. In the meantime, a year or two before, Mrs. _ Richardson had been experimenting with: citron and we found that we could manu- facture an article that was edible, if not fit to put on the market. But we were not prepared to go into the manufaeture by any means. I made inquiry of friends who had been in Xurope and to the best of my knowledge it was the true citron, and furthermore Mr. Hixson had looked up a party in San Francisco, an Italian, that had worked in a citron fac- tory in France; he examined my fruit and said it was the true citron. Holding thus the opinion that it was the true citron I wrote to the San Jose firm telling them that I was right; that it was thetrue citron. But perhaps some element in our soil had given it a different chemical constitution, and that when their experts processed it they followed the precise method of the European process and it didn’t turn out 22 STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. as expected. They wrote to me to send them some more to experiment with and from time to time I sent them some more. Finally they wrote me to send them a few barrels of green citrons. I did so and I got no returns from them. Finally, a Year ago last February, I wrote to them that I had not yet seen any of their coin and I didn’t know what the result of their # process was; that under their first terms they had offered to give me $30 a ton for citrons if it snited their purpose, and that I didn’t feel that I was in a position to oollect any money from them, but if they didn’t choose to pay me for the citrons I would like them to ship me a portion of ~ the prepared article so that I could com- pare it with my own manufacture and de- termine what'I should do with my citron rchard. The manager of the factory at that time was in New York and the person in charge wrote me that he knew nothing about the citrons and nothing about the payment for them, but he would ship me a case of the prepared article, and he did so and sent me a shipping receipt. He shipped it on the 8th of March and I looked for it in a day or two, and I looked for it, and looked for it, and kept on look- ing for it till the time of the Fair here a year ago. I left word when I left San Gabriel that if that citron came that they should send it by express to Riverside so that I could ‘place it on exhibition with citron of my own preparation so that we ‘might know something about eitron. I don’t know where the citron went to but after six weeks they came back to San Gabriel; they had been to Arizona and on to Denver,and I don’t know where it hadn’t been; it had been to some pretty hot place, it had all melted and run together, and in such a demoralized condition that you oouldn’t tell what it was or what it was worth. The wind and frost and cold ther again destroyed my citron crop estroyed the blossoms and this year no fruit and the consequence was I no fruit to amount to anything, 5 ve. fod Shp V5 SLi had enough to keep on experimenting and you will see the result of our experi- ment. There i8 our last year’s citron and - this year’s citron on’exhibition here. In November and December my trees began to blossom, and at the time of the recent frost they were completely loaded; there were citrons the size of goose eggs and the prospect was that I would have thirty or forty tons in another year, and it was a serious question in my mind what to do "with that citron orchard; [laughter] but the recent cold spell speedily settled the question. [laughter.] There are about five trees out of the 600 that have a green leaf, some of them are killed clear to the ground and now the question is settled— ® out comes the citron and in goes the Wash- ington Naval [applause]. I hear through the papers, and 1 heard it here, that there are parties here looking about intending to go into citron culture, they may have my experience, I want no more citrons In mine unless I find the region where there is no frost. I have a nursery of some four or five hundred trees, young citrons grown from cuttings that the frost has injured perhaps one-third and an one can have them very cheap. That is my experience in citron raising. [Ap- plause.] : After the reading of the essay Mr. N. « Blanchard spoke as follows: y MR. PRESIDENT:—I desire to make a _few remarks upon some of the topics dis- cussed. We all on this Coast are experi- menters and I consider a man who has experimented so fully with the citron and gives us his $xperience whether successful or not, as Mr. Richardson of San Gabriel has done, a public benefactor. I have done something in the same line, es- pecially as regards almonds, and I know of no place in the State where they are a success. It may be there are a few places. where they will grow successfully. “Now I would say to the people here adhere to the orange and raisin culture to which Io soil and climate are so well adapted. As to the apricot I have often wondered that people would come here and pay two, three and four hundred dollars per acre for land and then buy water to irrigate the trees, when we, in Ventura county, have a richer soil and a better climate where no irrigation isneeded and land can be bought for $40 to $50 per acre, and where we can grow the apricot at least as we well as you can. We eon~ cede to you the palm or citron, orange. and the raisin. As to peaches, we have not a peach country along the Coast and can not compete with the foothills of the Sierras, like Placerville, Coloma, George~ town, Auburn, New Castle and that belt. of country, where peaches are grown that are luscious. It is the home of the peach. Each locality should grow that to which it is best pted. Our, apricot growers. dry their own fruit. I know of one fruit. man, Mr. Day, who sold his entire cro of apricots at twenty-six cents per pound. Others. I think got some twenty-four or twenty-five cents per pound. agjouned to Thursday evening, March STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. 23 An essay on ‘The Pruning and Irriga- tion of the Vine” was read by Charles Bain, of Riverside, as follows: PRUNING AND IRRIGATION OF THE VINE: It is well known to horticulturists that different systems of pruning fruit trees or vines produce widely differing results in the same soil and climate; hence a knowl- edge of the proper pruning of the vine is * one of the most important points in grape ‘culture. The system of pruning in use must be adopted to the variety of grapes under treatment to the condition of the soil and climate. and to the method of training the vines whether upon trellis, to stakes or as a standard. : So important and necessary is a knowl- edge of all these conditions, considered in the old country where the vine has ‘been cultivated for centuries, that no one is permitted to prune in a vineyard unless . by previous training and education he has obtained some knowledge of the con- ditions under which the vineyard in ques- ion is to be treated. Men there are trained to the work from childhood, and the ex- perience then gained is passed from father to son. ‘As Southern California has devoted so much attention to the cultivation of the ‘Muscat for raisins I will confine thé few thoughts T have to give you to the prun- ing of that variety for that purpose, merely stating that my views are not mere theo- ‘ries, but are based upon observations and practice in climate and soil very much similar to those found in Southern Cali- fornia. Viticulture is an industry which necessitales more knowledge than one would think nécessary when they start in the work, and has, no doubt, been proved to some of my hearers that what they have had to learn by their own exper- ience, in most cases, has been at consid- erable loss. | This is’ especially so in the cultivation of table grapes, for raisins, where the quality and fine appearance of the fruit is of far more importance than the quantity, as it should be the first consideration of upon it depends the health of the plant and the length of time it can be kept in good bearing condition, as well as the quantity and quality of the product. The time to prune a vineyard in a warm climate like this, is at any time after the leaves fall and before the sap starts in the spring. There is but little difference be- tween these periods, but by all means it should be done before the sap is in circu- lation and the buds begin to swell. When we talk of pruning, the question is often asked, how many canes or spurs and how many eyes to each can be left to the vine? The number of each to leave depends upon the age of the vine, its growth, the distance they are set apart and the fertility of the soil-—hence no general rule can be given, for in the same vine- yard the vines are not all alike, some are healthier or more vigorous than others. It is therefore necessary for the pruner to be guided in his work by the following considerations: 1st. Remember that by the pruning adopted the vine will grow more or less in wood and more or less in fruit. 2d. Close attention should be given to the growth of the wood and fruit of the preceding year. If the canes are very large and the bunches of grapes poor and many suckers, it indicates that more eyes are necessary. On the contrary, if the canes are small and the bunches of grapes numerous and straggling and the ripening not even, it indicates that the number of eyes left should be less. 3d. In regard to the number of eyes to be lefi on each cane it is bad practice to have all the canes of the same length; for example three or four eyes each. Such a practice has a tendency to raise the crown of the vine too rapidly from the ground. This should be kept as much as possible at such height that the bunches do not touch the ground; especially is this neces- sary when irrigation is practiced, as under such circumstancesthe grapes rot quickly. The best method for keeping the vines from too rapid elevation consists in leav- ing canes for bearing and canes to make - the fruit grower to secure the former and \ wood for the following year’s fruiting. establish a reputation in the market. Trepeat that too much attention cannot be given to the pruning of the vine, as When well understood it is easy to main- tain the vines in good condition in this way. The spurs that are left for making 24 STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. canes for next year’s fruits should be the lower one and pruned only to one eye; those that are left for bearing the present year should be the upper one and can be pruned to two, three or four eyes in ac- cordance with the strength and vigor of the vine; next season those canes that have borde fruit this year should be cut back to one bud, or possibly some of them altogether as may be found best, and the canes prepared for fruiting cut back to two, three or four buds as before, and the system goes on alternately for years with- out materially increasing the height of the vine. 4th. The bearing canes should be kept as near the center of the vine as possible to prevent the vine from extending too much, and by this concentration of growth in the center, protect the fruit from sun- burn which is so common in this country in the method of pruning now in practice here. In Malaga the pruning is very close, ‘having only a few canes and only one eye, very seldom two to each cane. This system is well adopted to their old vineyard and exhausted soil; they keep a constant and healthy growth of wood, a small number of bunches of grapes, but they are of superior quality and finé ap- pearance. If the same pruning was adopted here in this new soil, new vine- yard and irrigation, it would produce a strong growth of cane and suckers and a Yield of grapes of no importance. If the same pruning was adopted here, in this new soil, new vineyard, and irri- gation, it would produce a strong growth of cane and suckers and a yield of grapes of no importance. Again injudicious pruning of young . vines exhaust their roots by compelling them to nourish a crop of grapes greater than they ought to bear, affecting the vineinjuriously for the present, and some- times permanently. - Summer pruning has proved to be ad- vantageous in both cold and warm climates, but is more necessary in warm climates, as there the growth of vegetation is much stronger. . The object of summer pruning is to stop all unnecessary extension of the vine and favoring the growth and development of fruit and healthy, vigorous canes for bearing fruit the next year, and when judiciously performed, it very much facilitates the winter pruning. All who have given any attention to the growth of the vine, have noticed the tendency to grow to the extremity, and to push such growth far beyond what is necessary for the wants of the plant the succeeding year. Summer pruning stops this unnecessary extension and concentrates the circulation of the sap in the crown of the vine, and gives a stronger and healthier growth to the canes that are left. It also must be intelligently and judi- ciously performed; the indiscriminate cutting and slashing with a corn-knife, practiced in some quarters, results in more injury to the vines than if not performed at all. It is simply: ive 1st. To remove all suckers fromthe old wood below the crown and all bearing canes that will not be needed for fruit wood next year. This should be done be- fore the vines are in bloom or after the fruit is set, as it is injurious to the vines to disturb them when in bloom. Ey 2d. In July, when the grapes are about half grown, cut off all bearing canes to four or five eyes above the upper bunch of grapes, and again remove all new - suckers from the stump. If the vines have been properly cultivated and irri- gated this is all the summer pruning required, and the fruit will be larger, of fine quality and will ripen much earlier than when the present system is adopted, and summer pruning omitted. IRRIGATION OF THE VINE, , In countries where the climate like that of this locality makes it necessary to irri- gate, it is highly important that the true principles that govern the application of water should be clearly understood; especially is this the case in all fruit-bear- ing trees and plants where the application of water defeats the very object sought to be gdined by its application. It is well known that in the working of natural laws only a certain amount of moisture is necessary to perfect the growth of plant life, that ripe, well-matured wood may result, and the finest quality of fruit may be matured. More moisture than is necessary to do this, is injurious to both STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. 25 plant and fruit, probably as much or more so than the same relative scarcity of moisture would be. Hence in wet seasons in Europe, there is an over pro- duction of wood growth in the vine, an inferior quality of the grape, and ‘several weeks later ripening of the crop. It is found in experience that the vine is much more resistant to drowth than 1s generally supposed, and that in localities favorable to the cultivation of the grape without irrigation; it will, in average sea- sons, with proper cultivation mature a good crop of fruit, if it does not receive a drop of rain after the fruit is half grown. Hence in localities like that of Riverside I ‘believe that with one thorough winter ir- rigation, one after the fruit has set, and one after the fruit is half grown, with ju- dicious pruning and cultivation, the vine will have stored up all the materials nec- essary to perfect all the fruit it ought to bear, and it will not only produce fruit much finer in quality but it will also ripen much earlier than under the system now practiced in Riverside. The second crop so much in vogue here is contrary to na- ‘ture and injurious to the vine. It results only from the late and frequent irrigation, under the high temperature prevalent here in September and October, forcing out a second crop to the material injury of the first and the consequent exhaustion of the soil. Be assured that no soil how- ever rich, can long withstand such an un- natural drain upon its resources. President Rudisill then introduced Mr. ‘Matthew Cook, executive officer of the State Horticultural Commissioners, who spoke as follows: Ladies and Gentlemeny—It affords me ‘great pleasure to meet the settlers of Southern California. However, 1 am placed in rather an unenviable position as to a subject, If Iwas the owner of a large orchard I might be able to talk to you of the prospects of the next fruit crop or. of the future of the horticultural inter- ests of the State, the same as my friend Hatch, of Solano, could do. Or if I had the experience of my friend Shinn, of lameda, I could tell you of the cultiva- tion of the apricot, peach or Bartlett pear. If I had the descriptive powers of my friend Chase, of Alameda, I might tell you something of Southern California. Unfortunately I am forced to talk upona subject that is not well received in a great many parts of California, indeed, I think, not very well in Riverside. Because, if I were to offer Mr. White a quart of red scale he would drum me out of town. It is gratifying to look around the beau- tiful exhibit in this hall. Take a lense and examine every orange and lemon and you cannot see one speck of scale insect. Very few districts in this State can say the same thing. Tam proud to see that Mr. Richardson, of San Gabriel, comes here with clean oranges. Now, my friends, your section of the country is very fortunate in not being troubled with the insect pest. Riverside to-day, so far as I know, is the only section of the country clear of them, and I have traveled this State very nearly all over. It may be well for some of you to know how fast those insects spread and how careful you ought to be to keep them out of your orchards. In 1873, the State Board of Agriculture thought they would add to their trouble by inviting the eastern orchardists to send apples for inspection. There came five barrels. Unfortunately they weren’t destroyed as ordered. | To-day the orchards in thirty-two coun- ties in the State are infected with the pest, and about the only county that very little is found in is San Bernardino. I found it in San Diego last fall. It is the same with the scale insect. Six years ago it com- menced to appear in Santa Clara. They wouldn’t takean y advice whatever; they let it grow on them till it destroyed their orchards. Finally legislation was asked by some of the members—some of whom are now on the stand this evening, We have now on the platform three of the original five, that in Mr. Young’s office in the city of Sacramento, got up the first horticultural law. That law has done a great deal of good, but unfortunately the law that we expected more good from —the quarantine law—was declared un- constitutional for the reason that it was given to the commission to say what was a misdemeanor. However after very bard struggling, we have got two laws, passed both houses, and by thistime prob- ly signed by the Governor. Senate bill 26 STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. 27 No. 3 is an i 3 i i , 1s an act to establish a State Board sand dollars, for the faithful discharge of ferent horticultural districts of the State, duties of his office, and shall be paid for his, orem icable to visit the different services as such Secretar and assistant. ) © expenses thereof. . 4. The Board may receive and a i i fthe a salary of [not to excee one hundred as Illows: It reads hold donations and bequests for promot- Roti i ” : BO airing into the dollars per month, i : ax Hor ing horticultural education or the general Stale is nid wid 0 of practical horticul- Sec. 10. The Chief Executive Horti- z A interests of horticulture. Said Board i me o scertaining the ae tation of horti- cultural Officer shall receive as compensa 0 greate and establish a State Board of shall investigate such subjects relating to i oe 1 products to soil, climate and mar- tion for his services [not to excee ] the orticulture, and appropriate moneys improvement in horticulture in this State } Cur Aboursging the establishment of sum of two hundred dollars per month, ? Jor the Expenses thereof as it thinks proper. It shall meet semi ) i inati i i hall be. p— ‘ ~ rchardi nd disseminatin and his actual traveling expenses Sha : orchardists’ CAP ation by lectures 5 allowed, not to exceed seven hundred and. ; annually at the Stale Capitol at Sacra- 4 : i The People of the State of California, represented mento, and as much oftener and at such i host ionlral. inforsn annually make a de- fifty dollars per annum; the other mem- in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: Plapes as it may deem expedient, to con- i Ad report thereof to the Board, and es- bers of the said Board shall receive no. SEcron 1, There shall bea State Board pr $ and adopt such measures as nay. host | pecially report upon the practicability and compensation Wiatorer ally, in. ? of Horticulture. consisti A promote the progress of the horticultural A : ic i dis- Sec. 11. The Board shall bien , consisting of nine mem- industries of the State. It shall be their 3 means of eradicating SE ¢ the month of January, report to the Leg- bers, who shall ‘be appoi 4 ease : : ppointed by the Gov- duty to select and appoint competent and p gee from Seohands, Executive Horticul- islature a detailed statement of its doings, Off to enforce with a copy of the Treasurer’s accounts, ernor; two to, be appointed from the State ifi my A eave) qualified persons to deliver at least one Tox : » TBO 2 ad fio, le appointed from lecture each year in each of the horticul- ius Om oe a Spade by the said for the two years preceding the session which are hereby constituted as follows: | tural districts named in section one of this Board and provisions of law to prevent thoreof, ant Co Secretary. Said. ET Aor oLSULIGE 28 folows: Act, [without any] compensation, for the - the spread of fruit.and fruit tree diseases Horticultural Officer and Secretary. Said inclnds mR a mel RY a purpose of illustrating practical horticul- nd fruit pests; also to enforce all regula- report shall not exceed [two] hundrec Lake, Mendocino, Humboldt Del Norte, tural topics; and imparting instruction in - ons made by the said: Board in the printed pages. The Secretary of the Board inty and Sik o0. ’ ’ the methods of culture, pruning, fertiliz- nature of quarantine and to enforce all shall, under the direction of the Con- Second—The Napa District, which shall = ard and treating the diseases of the fruit rules and regulations made by. the said trollgr, cause to bo printed [ol 0 i na oe fhe Comba Of a an shal and fruit trees, cleaning orchards and ex- Board concerning the importation into ten thousand copies of said report—one. Contra Costa. : terminating insect pests that infest orch- the State, the distribution, disposal, or thousand for the use of said Board, one. Third-~The ‘San Francisco’ District ards. And it shall prosecute all viola- transportation within the State of grafts, thousand for the use of the Legislature, which shall include the City and county tions of the laws concerning horticulture aoions, debris of orchards, empty fruit and eight thousand to be. distributed by of San Francisco, and the counties of San and horticultural products, [and it shall boxes and packages, or other material on the Secretary, under the direction of the oan soo) and ihe counties of be the duty of the District Attorneys of or by de 0 the contagion of fruit diseases said Board, among fruit growers and farm- San Benito and Monterey. ruz, the counties where the violations of the and the germs of fruit pests may be intro- ers. All printing ordered or required to. Fourth — The Los Angeles District law occur to prosecute the parties com- duced into or transported from place to be done by the Board shall be done by the. wh a Es angeles District, pitiee of.] The office of the Board shall place within the State; also, all rules and State Printer. ; : : ll include tho counties of Lod o kept.open to the public, subject to the regulations of the Board concerning the Sgc. 12. The Treasurer shall receive all. Angeles, Rises Tr De ronan rules of the Board, every day, exceptin disinfection of = grafts, scions, orchard moneys belonging to the Board, and pay Luis : logal, holidays. and shall bein charge o debris, empty fruit boxes and packages, out the same only for bills approved by it, Tne Sucramionto: District. "which B e Seursiary during the absence of the and other suspected material dangerous and shall annually render a detailed ac- shall inclnde the counties ‘of Sacramento, SC. to oxehards, tt bo distributed SPimaar Sao. ih hore gail inclnds the couniten of Sacrame nto, SEc.5. For the purpose of preventing transit or about to be distributed or trans- Sc. 13. There is hereby a propriated Yolo, Sutter, Co Butte, the spread of contagions diseases AMOS ~ ported into or within the State. for the uses of the State Board of Horti~ eh Sarr Jolin District witich fruit and fruit trees, said Board may Sec. 8. The said Board may appoint culture, as set forth in this Act, out of any en one py doaguin Districs winicl [provide] for the prevention, treatment, | such] local Resident Inspectors [as may moneys in the Stale treasury not other- ag on ey an Je aq ax cure and extirpation of fruit pests and dis- bo needed to carry out the provisions of wise appropriated, the sum of [five] nsla Lerced eSN0, eases of fruit and fruit trees, and for the this Act, to hold office at the phiastse of thousand dollars for the year commenc- ‘Seventh—The El Do : J disinfection of grafts, scions, orchard Boa i hall be to in- ing A ril 1st, 1883, and [five] thousand. shall ‘include the id Dir anh debris, empty fruit boxes and’ packages, hes ee Aran Chief Execu- Phar for the year ‘commencing April 1st, y and other suspected material or transport- ri Horticultural Officer all violations of 1884, and the State Controller will draw Amador, Calaveras, Tuol i 3 : i ! umne, Mariposa, able articles dangerous te orchards, fruit law concerning horticultural industries his warrants upon the State Treasurer II. Placer, Nevada, Yuba, Sierra, Pl i i EE A tat o gh Dek Ira, umas, and fruit trees within the State, while i : it pod of an favor, of ie Ticaoisoy of art therool, SC. 2, The ia ne Jud Iny 0. transit or about to be distribu ted or ail ans £3 Shron df SB) orn by tho for the said sums or any part thereof, ting the two appointed from the Stato ported into or within the State, which said Board. | when they become available, upon proper : x shall, be residents of the district said regulations shall be circulated in SEC. 9 It shall be the duty of the Sec- demand being made for the same by the from which they are appointed, and shall rinted form by the Board among the retary to attend all meetings of the Board, . said Bogs be specially qualified ‘by pratical experi ruit growers add fruit dealers of the and to preserve records of its roceedings SEC, 14. This Act shall take Sieet gag ence and study in connection with vs in State, shall be published at least and correspondence to collect books, bein force from and after its passage, and dustries' dependent upon horticultu - twenty days in two daily newspapers amphlets periodicals and other docu- all Acts or Jats of Acts inconsistent or in They shall each hold office for the term Tot of general circulation in the State a containing valuable information conflict with the provisions of this Actare, fous years, except that of the nine first ap- Soe ms tod in Oty or couniy, ah ; relating to horticulture, and to preserve hereby repealed. e posted in three conspicuous places the same; to collect statistics and other The bill provides for the appointment of ted; four, to be détermined by lot, shail retire at the end of two years, Y ho b atthe county seat of each county in the information showing the actual condition 4 ooo Commissioners from the various; Shei shccesors shall State. And the said Board may also mak ’ iculture in this State Governor, all be appointed by the rales Fd Tegulations for its il aE ad There. ? - ns agricul- districts. SEc.3. The Board may appoint and . 6. e said Board shall elect of tural and horticultural societies, colleges, It also appropriates $5000 a year for the. Tlie : : their own num : ‘ En icul- . ; presi the duis of £SlbUALY, Wha on hal amie, rom oh | pelea of seriowtore gud bor next wo yours fo the purer FC Sha of their own number a Treas and especially qualified by practical experi- val or private Agu may, be directed by: tho expenses dt {he commision There Bott to hold office. during the Plog urer, ence in horticulture for the duties ohhis ! the Board and prepare, as re wired by are a great many things in the law that Sai Board. The Treasurer shall et AA rs ou Ihe Board, annual reports for publication; have been cut out; for BEAHIS inti boa oth Stato wiih suretios sprkovad office tthe lassie ofthe Board, whose abet al ac a sean 10 00 0083 igigrs wero allowed her (raving | ’ of ten thou- duties it shall be to visit annually the dif- Fo ticultural Officer in the exercise of the expenses, and the legislature thought it. SEO SERIES aaa ” A ie pS i a -— w oor BSAA ED AR rh Ap EER YES EP bs A RO nat IDENT IT FE SRE AERPLILI A 1 Aik ol i BEKELE A or Gl SARE 4 STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. best to let them do it for honor and glory" To end the difficulties of the last law a second law was passed, known as the Senate Bill No. 2, which I take the liberty to read: AN ACT To prevent the spreading of fruit and frust tree pests and diseases, and to provide Jor their extirpation. The People of the State of California, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: SECTION 1. It shall be the duty of every owner, possessor, or occupier of an orch- ard, nursery, or land where fruit trees are ii within this State, to disinfect all ruit trees and fruit grown on such lands infested with any insect or insects, or the germs thereof, namely: their eggs, larvse, or pups, known to be injurious to fruit or fruit trees, before the removal of the same from such premises for sale, gift, distri- bution, or transportation. Fruit boxes, packages, or baskets which have been used for shipping fruit to any des- tination are hereby required to be disinfected previous their being again used for any purpose; all boxes, packages, and baskets returned to any orchard, storeroom, saleroom, or any place used or to be used for storage, ship- ping, or any other purpose, must be dis- nfected within three days after their re- turn; and any and all persons, carriers, fruit owers, and fruit dealers, using, remov- g, returning, or shipping the same, without disinfecting, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. All fruit ackages, known as free packages, must be disinfected or burned within three days after being empty. SEC. 2. It shall be the duty of the owner, lessee, or occupier, of any orchard within this State, to gather all fruit in- fested by the insects known as codlin moth, peach moth, red spider, plum weevil, and kindred noxious insects, their larvee, or pupse, which has fallen from the tree or trees, as often as once a week, and dispose of or destroy the same in such a manner as to effectually destroy all such insects, their larvee, or pups. It shall be the duty of the Inspector of fruit pests, or the Quarantine Guardian, to inspect fruits and fruit packages, and all trees and plants, cuttings, grafts and scions, known, or believed, or liable to be, infested by any insect or insects, or the germs there- of, or their eggs, larvss, or pup, injurious to fruit or fruit trees, and liable to spread contagion, imported or brought into this State from any foreign country, or from any of the United States or Territories, and if upon inspection such fruit or ftuit pack- ages are found to be infested, it shall be a misdemeanor to offer the same for sale, t, distribution, or transportation, unless ey shall be first disinfected, and the owner, possessor, or consignee shall pro- cure from the proper officer a certificate of such disinfection. SEc. 3. Every person shipping fruit trees, scions, cuttings, or plants from any orch- ard, nursery, or other place where they were grown or produced, shall place upon each, or securely attach to each box, pack- age, or parcel containing such fruit trees, scions, cuttings, or plants, a distinct mark or label showing the name of the owner or shipper, and the locality where pro- duced. And any person who shall cause’ to be shipped, transported, or removed from any locality declared by the State Board of Horticulture to be infested with: fruit tree or orchard pests, or infected with contagious diseases injurious to trees, plants, or fruits, unless the same shall ave been previously disinfected, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. Disinfection shall be to the satisfaction of a Quaran- tine Guardian appointed by the State Board of Horticulture, or the Inspector of fruit pests; said Guardian shall stamp each box, package, or separate parcel when properly disinfected, and every person transporting, removing, dealing in, or having in his possession any box, pack- age, or separate parcel of fruit trees, scions, cuttings, or plants, from a quar- antined district or locality, not bearing such stamp, shall be guilty: of a misdemeanor, and may be punished by fine, as provided in section six of this act. Sec. 4. It shall be the special duty of the district members of the State Board of Horticulture to see that the provisions of this act shall be carried out within their respective horticultural districts, and all offenders duly punished. SEC. 5. All fruit trees infested by any sect or insects, their germs, larvse, or ups, or disease known to be injurious to ruit and fruit trees, and liable to spread contagion, must be cleaned or disinfected before the first day of April, eighteen hundred and eighty-three, and on or be- fore the first day of April of every suc- ceeding year thereafter. All owners or occupants of lands on which fruit trees are grown failing to comply with the pro- visions of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and fined as provided in section six of this Act. All fruit, fruit packages, trees, plants, cuttings, grafts and scions, that shall not be disinfec within twenty-four hours after notice the Inspector of Fruit Pests, shall be liable to be proceeded against as a public nuisance. SEC. 6. Any person or corporation vio- lating any of the provisions of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, on conviction thereof, be pun- ishable by a fine of not less than twenty- five dollars nor more than one hundred dollars for every offense; one half of the said fine, when collected, shall be paid into the treasury of the State[Board.of Horticul- ture, and the other half shall be paid into the school fund of the county where con- viction is had. district or any locality in the State. service to the State? I will state to you and owne acre. At the present time, for the same STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. 29 SEC. 7 This Act shall take effect and this bill heis called a quarantine guar- EC. 7. i dian. . aASSa e. . be in force from 250 plies na Bhs tor The sense of the Legislature or at least Now, my ’ m eo Committee was that the time had 2) seating Be ngs of oom when only the fittest should supyive. A ball that it ought to be, Therefore they put the burden ni ose Pinas - ore a great improvement on people who insisted on having In ot oe REE geri ave had heretofore; and, al- orchards by enabling their a Fn Sato passed as being useless, I one fhm Sh ot Jal nish iL I oases Rn i ii rouble that we have had during the past. .S. y i t deal; . We had to contend againsta grea i body in the State. : those who DR it eo Board of Horticulture bw ha 1 poniens asin jo jy i ou they have the right fo quaranting iy trict in the immediate vicinity of where I It be asked, as the law has been for live represents about one thousand acres may ’ They made up their minds to oppose the law; they hadn’t any pests in their orch- ards, and if there was no law, and the other fellows couldn’t get if out, they would get rich. They paid their money and brought us into court. The law wasn’t put into effect till after the court ical experience: what you know from practica ( ‘Within' the last eignt months land In Santa Clara county was selling for $40 per land, they ask $110; and there can be no better illustration given of oo phar : what been told me by the las — . Has Perkins. His private secretary decided it. pl Te thought that at the end of his politica Love bad Be in & of 3 Les > career he would go into fruit raising, an ittle mone 8 doh SRTETARGD for some time past the Governor has been the way things wor We tart In a place. mn » tog pp our fruit and I will fight the law.” A year ago he went toa place in Saratoga sell me y a0 worth of ‘that a gentleman asked $40 an acre for, What was ra io ber he was fruit was sold him, and W. the Jose [gt Seplen) es or da over there of Courtland came to pay their bills dar : AP the gentleman; he says: ‘Well, Lusk charged so RA aati one. Paes d vour land yet?” “No, sir, wanted to know Ww: . a yet.” «Still asking $40 fighting the aw of the Sonate COM tor it?" “Governor,” said he, “1 Before the meeting Sn I » «Why is it so high? you mittee, which was held early In 4 wk wan! $ no. de an Y aprovement on the there were present Mr. Hatch, of v = > ay hy ; a o we didn’t know we Mr. De Long of Marin, Semper, Va ©° land. og he oale bug, and now if I Yolo, Dr. Chapin of San Jose om 0 yp oe 110 for it I will plant it myself.” Governor Stoneman was there ig i in ges 81 ou to Orange to twenty acres whole discussion, from seven oy he a a ot was offered for $500, be- lng till one Jn id morning, longing fons. Goo on go ag A a great influence was ” A Fe BI he ses $10,000 brought to bear in the Logishtars, espe. a cases that is some of the ially in the Senate, and ome of the P pa Sn os from the law. But the ' pal opponents was an esiopny goog wie of the last bills appoint local grower in Sacramento coun zy. ae prow. ens d allow them fees. This bill As to citrus fruits, one ciau 2 his wa A "tecs with the exception of = lawis made ih Bl 3 " Wor do i i - anges. lLastyearl g ; bwo dollars a 203 1 owe servioos. Under oe Inspector of San Francisco to come qul = TE ee To STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. 31 30 STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. ers "down; that there was a cargo of oranges that were foul. I went down, and prob- “ably out of the 1,000 crates there were not “three oranges that were not infested with ‘scale called citricoli. That scale was so bad in the Western Islands that they had to cut thetrees down from which they were selling 40,000 crates to England. But just as soon as Mr. Lusk got us into court those oranges came "in and were sold. With this law I don’t ‘think they will sell any, because it is the law of the State, and, particularly in for- eign trade or fruit coming from other ‘states, there can be no question as to the ‘constitutionality, and there is no loop hole to get out by. A friend of mine in El Dorado county has lost $100,000 from cod- ling moth; when this bill was taken up for action he rose up in his dignity and ‘made a motion to-amend the title of the bill so as to read ‘an Act harmless to bugs and a good job for bug hunters." “The next day the bill came up. The term of the Legislature had expired but it ran another week longer. We had 54 votes— two-thirds of the whole number, and very fortunately there was 67 present and the vote was 55 to 12, so that we still had friends in the Legislature. Now if the ‘Governor signs these bills and gives us a good commission of practical men there is no doubt in the world but what a good ‘deal of the danger that has been threat- ‘ening will. be taken away. The law is not -exactly what we wanted; they cut away the public printing to only one hundred ‘pages every two years; but if we only get a good commission we will succeed. I was in National City last night, at the Citrus Fair, and was astonished to see the ‘exhibit they had there from one township, that is, the National Ranch. It speaks very well for the citrus interests in the ‘State to see that a small place like that could get some six tables twenty feet long well covered; it speaks volumes for what they did there. The next time I come around here I hope that I will be able to say that Los Angeles county is as clear from the insect pest as San Diego and San Bernardinoare. The President then introduced Mr. ~ Hatch who addressed the audience as follows: i AR AE BO FRY TR ETT EE AFT LE SULT RTT TTI UH ETRE at SEH CY Ladies and Gentlemen of Riverside :—It is a great pleasure to.me to have the privi- lege of rising before you at the suggestion and with the encouragement of my friend here, Mr. Cook, to say to you what little I know upon the subject upon which I am to speak; Fruit Growing in California. I can only speak from the little experi- ence I have had and from what liitle I have seen in my travels in endeavoring to gain information for my own use. It will take me but a few minutes to tell what little I know in regard to thissubject; and I will begin by saying that in all prob- ability the fruit interest of California will eventually become the great interest of the State. We all, that are interested in that business, have the same opinion. In different parts of the State we propose to produce different things, with the differ- ent sections together and the large quanti- ties of trees now being planted we may expect in the near future to see the mark- ets of the State flooded with fruit for which there will be no disposition possible on account of the incapacity of the can- neries to prepare it for market, and the lack of wisdom in us, shipping it to the markets for the purpose of canning. We have had demonstration of that in the last season; fruits were sent to the San Francisco markets in large quantities, for which there was no sale at any price. I refer now principally to colored plums of any kind; they were a drug onthe market and were dumped by the tons. While that is true, I think some fruit, had it been used at home to the best advantage (by drying) could have been placed in the market at a highly remunerative figure. It is not necessary for the safe preserva- tion of plums and prunes by drying to have expensive drying apparatus, espec- ially in this part of the State nor even for the apricot. I see here upon this table, some that would compare favorably with any that had been prepared with the most expensive and most perfect fruit dryers extant. I feel well paid for my trip to this place, by seeing that sample of dried apri- cots on that table—sun dried—prepared by a new plan; by bieaching first and drying afterwards. The bleaching pro- cess tends to preserve it from the depre- dation of insects and leaves it with a beautiful color and without harm done to the fruit in any respect. We will find in the near future, if we would succeed in the fruit industry, that we will have to preserve our own fruits. The ‘canneries of California cannotincrease their capacity as fast as we can increase the production of fruits; but there is a market for all our preserved fruits in cans or by drying. As I hinted before there will be a large surplus as there has been in some articles already, that will extend probably to all fruits for which there is a demand. As soon as there is a demand for anything, we in California are sure to follow the drift. We follow the lead. We learned in the mines to follow the lead, and while we form this glut, it is to our own detri- ment by the canneries being enabled to procure our fruit at losing rates to us. It is an evident fact that in the near future it will be to our own benefit to let our fruit be cast on the world for prices at which the middle classes can use it for which we must look for sales of our fruit in large quantities. Probably by that time rail- road freights will be reduced, circum- stances will tend in our favor in a great many ways. Different lines of railroads approaching our coast, will probably and most likely produce competition and we must be satisfied with smaller profits. In speaking of red plums, last year when they were a drug in the San Fran- cisco market, I knew of red plums that were dried and sold in San Francisco in * that condition at a net profit exceeding $275 an acre. That was for fruit that could not be sold at any price in San Francisco in its ripe and unpreserved state. The like will come to us in many things. If you get in the next two years three- quarters of a cent a pound for apricots you may think yourselves doing well. I do not say this from a lack of confidence in the profits to be secured from raising fruit, as I have myself this year planted a variety of fruit trees. But there is a limit to the demand for these things by the canneries. The time will come when we will find it profitable, and find profit- able means by which to can our own fruits in the orchard, the place where fruits should be canned. There we can take the fruit in its ripe and luscious con- dition and put it in the can in perfect or- der, provided we learn the process of do- ing it. There are a greal many circum- stances which may tend to loss at first in such experiments; yet such experiments must be tried and obstacles overcome. This being my first visit to the semi- tropic part of California, I must say I am surprised at what has been done here in the line of oranges, lemons and limes, and in the production of them, and the most beautiful raisins I have ever beheld in California—unless it may be some from foreign grapes, on account of their age which gives greater perfection. With the exception of those I have never seen bet- ter raisins than I have seen here to-day. But the most important thing to me are those apricots on that table; they are worthy of the attention of anybody that raises plums, peaches or apricots. A thought was suggested to me this afternoon upon seeing the photographs of this display of yours, which is truly an exhibition worthy of any place or any clime, thatsuch photographs might be sent by you to friends in the east, labeled on the back, “Winter sports at Riverside.” [Applause] . Friday Evening Session. Mr. Rudisill called the assemblage to order, and in the following words, opened the exercises of the evening: Ladies and Gentlemen:—You have all, po doubt, heard of the Argonauts and their journeyings in search of the golden fleece. Some two years ago we had a party, the representative of that power that rules the world visiting Southern California, who thought they had found the original Garden of Eden. - They came under the leadership of their captain, W. H. Barnes. So well pleased was he with his visit that he has returned again with another party, and we cordially welcome them here to-night. They will take charge of the exercises this evening, as we have discontinued our programme, and _ for a while we will listen to their speeches and songs. . I now take pleasure in introducing to you William H, Barnes. [Applause.] 32 STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. MR. BARNES. Ladies and Gentlemen. — Although somewhat wearied with a long trip, it is with more than ordinary pleas- ure we greet this gallant assemblage to- night to express our sincere pleasure at the warm welcome which we have re- ceived upon every hand, and added, as it were, another of those green oases in our memories waste which will be cherished and recollected as long as reason shall hold its seat upon the throne. We came here two years ago with but a crude idea of this great country and its interests. We supposed while we had seen here and there an orange that had come like a pioneer to the market from Southern California, that it was but a mere experiment; and it was in response to the earnest solicitation of Brother L. M. Holt that we formed an excursion two’ years ago; and when we came, we were then, as most of the press are now, who . have never been here before, perfectly -thunderstruck and amazed to see what had been accomplished in this direction in this locality. We went home full of the citrus fever. We wrote about it, and talked about it, and the consequence was, when I organized a press excursion this time, I have refused to carry threetimes as many as I have brought with me, and I have - brought one hundred and twenty repre- sentative men and women of the press of California. [Great applause.] I am not here to weary you with an ad- dress. We have come here to have a rich, rare, spicy, juicy time; we have come here to enjoy ourselves—to spend a social hour together in music, song, recitation and what we call “snap speeches.” I desire to say to those gentlemen whom I will call on in the course of the evening, that I will give them five to. seven min- utes to respond, and if they go over and beyond that, they will hear this, (blows a _police whistle) which means what the boy said about “Amen.” There wasa good friend of mine in New York taught a Bible class, and he wanted to explain to his children all about the Bible, and he" said one day to the class, “Boys, do you know what amen means?’ None of them seemed able to give a solution till a little fellow said, ‘Yes, sir; ‘I know what it means.” ‘Well, what does it mean?” “You know when you go to prayer meet- ing, and one man prays a long time—"’ “Yes.” “And another man says ‘amen!’ “Yes.” “Well, it is time for the first fel- low to quit.”* [Laughter.] oo I often think in listening to clasical, literary and other lectures, that the trouble is with a great many gentlemen that they haven’t learned the first princi- pal of oratory. Two things are necessary to a good speaker: one is to have some- thing to talk about and how to commence, but the grandest thing is how to stop, and in order to carry out my theory, I propose to stop right here, because my (riend Benham has given me a great: deal to do, and I don’t know whether— [some one on the stage blows a police whistle, creat- ing a greal deal of meriment, and some confusion) —and I have but little time to prepare anything. A little inpromptu poem I have writ ten, I desire to read to you before I intro- duce the programme: 3 «We are here in the land where the lemon trees bloom, Where the gold orange grows in the deep thickets gloom, And the wind, ever soft, from the blue heaven blows, . oh And the groves are magnolia, eucalyptus and rose.” All hail to the men, who from the rude soil, With their thoughts and their hands, their money and toil, Hawe achieved this result, and this garden have growed And created this fairy-ilke Eden abode. The world stands amazed when tourists they tell Of Yosemite’s grandure, of jungle and dell, Of geysers, and trees that uplift to the sky, Of glittering gold on the shores rushing by; Of thousands of acres, all waving with grain, Of armies of reapers bivouacking the plain, Of skies that are cloudless, and ice is unknown, And the goddess of health is the queen on the throne. And all this is true for the pen to narrate Of fine California—our own peerless State; And greatful we are to our Father above For his blessings of mountain and valley and grove; But He asks that His children should faithfully prove They are worthy the gifts of His manifest love; That the soil they should till and the plow they should drive, And the promise is given «by work shall ye thrive,” Look around on thie land, this bouquetof rich taste But a few years ago 'twas a wilderness waste— STATE CONVENTION How has it been done? Has Aladdin been here ‘With his lamp to create all these objects so rare? «Oh, no; ’tis the work of these friends whom we've met, : , : ‘Whose kind, cheery welcome we'll not soon forget. © “They came and they saw, like the heroe of old, Then they conquered—the soil—and the story is .. told. ) ; Again I say hail,” and may blessings abide In the hearts and the homes of this fair Riverside; ’ Its raisins and fruits be renowned for their worth, And demanded by all of the people on earth. ! Quartette, entitled “Evening Prayer,” by. Mr. Ayer, Mrs. McCarty, Mr, Benham and Mr. McCarty. . The Rev. Mr. Abbott, editor of the Herald of Truth, of Oakland, was then introduced and addressed the audience as follows: Cw a a . MR. ABBOTT. ;, It is with the greatest pleasure I have the privilege awarded: me. to-night by the committee of this Press: excursion to speak a few words briefly of the very great. gratification I have in being permitted to be with the excursion, for the first - time. this. year, and to visit this lovely and; beautiful. and unexcelled Riverside. e-n gir Sin iri LH . There are very; many, beautiful things in California of the handiwork of God, if not of man; and you can see them in the window of our jewelry establishments in ’ 1 San Francisco, and in all our smaller cities and towns. . We all covet the beautiful gems of the | mountains. But for color, and for rich- ness, and for sweetness, and for fragrance, and “for all that which answers to the highest sentimentality of human spirit, I doubt if there is anything surpassing the beautiful fruits of your own valley nest- ling in the basin of these hills. Beautiful , for situation, may it be the joy of Califor- nia, this Riverside in which you live with apples of gold among pictures of silver. Mr. Barnes, who has addressed us as our honored President, has but faintly imaged to you the power of the man in the verdict which he has rendered to you. 1 believe in the progress of this glorious land, to which, in the providence of God, many of us have come. In speaking of the question of colonization, he said he feared the influence of colonization, be- cause so. far as he had read history, he had read of deterioration of character follow- FRUIT GROWERS. 33 ing in the line of colonization. Possibly that may be true of some cities or towns in our land and some localities like River- side, but when I see your Presbyterian church,and your Baptist church, and your Methodist church, and your Lines, Col- burn and your Button; I see that you have moral sentiment, moral life and moral force in, Riverside, of which any locality, small'as it may be, may be proud. * I must close because I have a guard on me to-night and must be very brief, and to add a little pleasantry to my remarks, 1 will refer to an incident; it is said to have its origin in New York in a college club. The question for debate was, “Has an oyster brains?’ One member of that club took up nearly all the time allowed to the discussion in the negative—in the denial of the . existence of brains in an oyster. One man, not accustomed to pub- lic speaking, thought it was possible to take the affirmative of the argument, and he took it and made it in this brief re- mark: “An oyster surely has brains be- cause he knows when to shut up.” [Ap- plause.] "Duet, “I Live and Love Thee,” by L. P. McCarthy and Mrs. Frankie Phelps. Solo, “Only to Love,” A. N. Benham. Recitation, ‘The Water Mill,” by W. H. Barns. Mr. Duncan McPherson, of the Santa Cruz Sentinel, was then introduced, and addressed the audience as follows: Ladies and Gentlemen of Riverside: — Wendell Philips has said that the Press is a mighty power; when united on any sub- jeet, moral, religious or political, it is irresistable. Thos. Jefferson, one of the fathers of his country and the author of the Declaration of Independence, who loved liberty as he loved his life, said: ' «Were I called upon to choose between a government without newspapers and newspapers without a government, I would ‘select the latter.” An eminent divine has said, ‘‘that the cylinders of the press are the four wheels of a great gov- ernment,” and when I sing its musie, I sing it not with diminuendo, but with crescendo. yi The toast or sentiment to which I have been called upon to respond, is the Press Association of this coast. It has an exist- stead Sit Bhi i 34 STATE CONVENTION FRUIT GROWERS. ence of six years, and a membership of one hundred and thirty. Its objects are fraternal. Secret orders have their picnies, ministers have their vacations, the men of thé machine shops have their rest,and we have. our excursions. Two years ago, through the solicitations of some of your people, represented by Mr. Holt, we visit- el Riverside. Our trip was one continu- ous reception. At Riverside we found a caravan of wagons; we were brought to your beautiful little town, and the door of the hotels were thrown open, and your citizens took us in, and treated us royally and pobly. We passed through your cit- rus groves. We were delighted, we were pleaséd. We saw sights that we had never seen before, and the mind was carried back to the Garden: of Eden wherefrom Adam and Eve, hand in hand were sent forth to populate the earth. Their: chil- dren dividing upon the great continent. of Asia, traveling to the eastward and the westward. We treturned: to our north- ern homes, feeling that we had left the Golden Gate, and ‘visited the garden of the State; we spoke of you, we wrote of you, and there has been a tender spot in every heart at the mention of Riverside, its peo- ple and its generosity. This year, looking about the State for some place to visit, the executive committee unanimously selected Southern California again, and we are with you. We came to Colton, but instead of . wagons we found arailroad and splendid cars, and the steam horse carried us up the hills and over the plains, and through a magnificent canyon which for natural grandeur, is seldom surpassed, where every tie, I understand, repre- sented a twenty dollar piece; we went to San Diego, that town of magnificent ex- pectations and hardy people, we went to National City where but a short time ago there was silence, and we found foun- dries and great machine shops, machinery and a splendid hotel; a railroad terminus, representing an investment already of three million dollars, where the canvas of the world, the greatiron Leviathansenter, bringing their produets from afar, and earrying your products to the most ex- tended lands. Some of our members passed over the imaginary line that sepa- rates us from the Sister Rapiidic of. Mex- FEAT - ico, and we feel that the time must come that this great nation with its 50,000,000 of people, the greatest Republic the world has seen, and, I trust, that it ever will see,’ because our possibilities cannot be meas- ured, and we feel that the time must come, . when our population is doubled, as it is every twenty-five years, and ‘when it will be one hundred and fifty millions, that by purchase or acquisition Mexico will be a part of the United States and that the American flag will, in all its grandeur, and all its glory, float in triumph over the hills of the Montezumas. [Applause.} We have returned, and to-night ‘we. are in Riverside again, your hotels have-been opened to us; your citizens have thrown back their doors and offered us every- thing that they had; they have taken us: in—[laughter]; we come to them strangers but we go away feeling that we are ‘now brothers. Again we have viewed your - city; we ‘have seen your magnificent structures; we have: ridden up and down your valleys and through your beautiful groves, and ‘have seen your happy homes, and this impres- sion is with us: That we are among -our own people, men and women of taste:and refinement, edueation and wealth, who have come here with their gold and silver and their household goods and who have reared in this valley surrounded by dése- late hills,—in this beautiful spot in the desert a second paradise. Riverside will never be lost to us, and I say on behalf of the Press Association that we feel honored; and as we look forth upon your beautiful fruits and this intel- ligent audience that we are among friends and that we are alike. Our wish is, as we depart, thatthe shad- ows of your orange trees may never grow less, and your canals never run dry. © [Applause]. Solo by Mrs. A. M. Benham. Quartette ‘‘Come Where the Lillies Bloom,” Mr. and Mrs. McBain, Miss Olney and Mr. Leake. ; Solo, by Mrs. McBain. Mr. A. 'T. Dewey was then introduced by Mr. Barnes, and addressed the audi- ence as follows: - Friends of Rivérside:—It I could possi: bly have given you anything that would STATE CONVENTION F RUIT GROWERS. interest you I must say that my friend Barne’s-eulogistic remarks in presenting ‘me before you have taken it all out of me. I say friends of Riverside because I be- lieve there is not a soul within the reach of my voice who is not a friend of River- side now and forever. I say friends of Riverside, because my visits here have taught me that you are friends of us and our cause. And it is only because I believe you are our friends that I presume to come here and address so large an audience; and if I fail to ex- press the true sentiments of my heart, I know the hearts of this audience are so kind and great that they will forgive me. There are abler representatives of the Hor- ticultural and Agricultural Press, here, who will do the subject justice. I am proud of the exhibit you have made here. I am proud of the people who have made it.” I may, say that the work the people of this valley are. do- ing, is of far more importance and 1 will } be when they lay ‘down in; peace. ) amount of money they may h: t ered together to be squandered by. ‘those who come after them, La As I look before me. and as: x featize what has been done by the people of Riv- erside, I feel that I have met such men and women as are not to be, | ound any where else in the United. St tes. (Ap: plause]. ; As a citizen of the United States, I am proud. of the exhibit you have made and of the people; and, as my old em- ployer, with whom I learned my | trade Ain a country printing office, used. to say, when a good man came in and said some- thing pleasant and praised an ‘article in the newspaper, he turned and said to me, his printer's devil, ‘Dewey, we must print a better paper the next week or science will suffer.” I feel to-night that we of tke Horticultural Press, and the press of this State, must go home after: what we have seen in Southern California, and do a better, higher and truer work than we have ever done before, or else ‘science will suffer.” I have had the pleasure of attending your fairs for the last three years; I have seen this colony as it were in its infancy; I saw it as it progressed; and when I see what has been accomplished in the last few years, I am sure that when we come another year we shall find that what we see before us to-day is simply Riverside in its infancy. Let me say one word in regard to co- operation. There are many things which. tend to make Riverside and its accom- plishments great. But let me say to you,. men and women of Riverside, there is not one sentiment f that you should hold en to- more tenaciously, and which will do you more good than co-operation. You have had the, most perfect co-operation of any. dolopy that has ever existed; and if’ yon persevere in it we shall learn in a few: years that you are really and truly in the: infancy | of your work. wl feel a regret that I am not more able to interest yous. ‘but there are those pres- ent who are wertainly more able than I AM, Duet, by Mr. Benham and Mrs. Me- Carty. Song and Chorus, “There’s One More River to Cross,” by Joseph Winterburn and entire Association. The entertainment was then concluded by a plantation imitation song by Mr. W. H. Barnes. fo Chaffey College of Agriculture al Ontario, now in process of construction. must be borne in mind. ONTARIO. To THE READER: Southern California, its resources and pos- sibilities, are little understood by Eastern people. Our object in publishing this pamphlet is to give some reliable and useful general information based on experience in both Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties; and to point out the advantages which the model colony of Ontario offers to those seeking homes where health, pleasure and profit can be combined. Much has been written and said of Ontario, and there is no place of its age in the State which has received so many favora- ble notices from the press, and the plans of which have been so fully endorsed by business men. In order that the imagination of the reader may not over-estimate and paint things too highly in glowing colors and thus lead to misunderstanding and disap- pointment, we wish to draw your attention to some facts which THE BEGINNING. One year ago to-day, a barren plain sloping for seven miles from the railroad to the foot-hills and fronting four miles on the railroad between Pomona and Cucamonga stations on the > Southern” Pacific Railroad, was laid out and called Ontario. “Then the eye could search in vain for a single sign of habita- tion, the only appearance of life being the flocks of sheep which fed upon its luxuriant pasturage. With much forethought and care the plans of the colony were laid and completed with such success as to entitle Ontario to be named the * Model Settle- ment,” and which now presents a change which only those who see can understand. There is now a good hotel furnished with care and as comfortable as any in the county; the prettiest rail- road depot on the line of the S. P. R. R. now built; an avenue 200 feet wide reaching from the dépot to the mountains, as straight as an arrow, has been graded and four rows of ornamen- tal shade trees planted for six miles of its length. Two hun- dred and fifty thousand dollars have been expended on procur- ing and developing water rights, and many miles of cement concrete water pipes ranging from 22 inches to 7 inches in dia- meter have been laid. a “The value of the land sold. up to date is $382,775, and the ‘Settlers, though many of them purchased too late for last sea- son's work, have expended from $50,000 to $100,000. In no new settlement can be found more substantial improvements, § fal Sa shit RnR EH oe a 5 LT 5 A wes eo TR RR A 38 ONTARIO. and many of the buildings would do credit to any town or city. The outlook for THE FUTURE Is very encouraging. With a. supply of pure water, He | SOutGe of which is in the snow- capped mountains of the Sierra Madre, conveyed to each lot in pipes, with the advantages of an en- dowed institution of learning, and the speedy prospect of busi- ness demanding the promised cable street railroad, electric light and all the other conveniences of civilization, we believe that Ontario will be quickly occupied by a wealthy, industrious and intelligent people, and now offers to the intending purchaser in- ducements and advantages which cannot be found elsewhere. in any young community. We respectfully ask a careful reading of the following pages. and should any further information upon any point whatever be required, we shall be glad to furnish it. All communications will receive prompt attention. Yours, ~~ CHarrFey Bros. Profits of Fruit Culture. Press and Horticulturist. The fr uit erop of Southern California is bringing i in very satisfactory returns this . Season,’ and the net receipts peracre arein many cases even raising the figures given by enthusiastic real estate agents who have pictured what seemed to be fabulous in- comes from bearing orchards and vine- yards to the would-be-purchaser. - Southern California is the raisin field of the continent. The raisin growers of Cen- tral California are turning their attention to this portion of the State. R. B. Blowers isin San Diego county, taking a careful look, and after a week’s examination he pronounces the raisins of that section superior to those raised on his own ranch in Yolo county. - In 1881 there were about 640 acres of raisin vineyard in Riverside, a large por- tion of which was planted in 1880, and is therefore a little over three years old. The yield of raisins for this valley this year is fully 60,000 boxes, or nearly 100 boxes per acre, including many vineyards that are : giving this year their first light crop. Many of ‘the older vineyards are producing as high as 350 boxes per acre, and thé crop is bringing in San Francisco $2 per box, in- cluding London layers, layers and loose muscatels. This will bring an income of $120,000 from the 640 acres, and when all the vineyards are in full bearing this in- come will be increased to over $300,000. Inthe spring of '82 there had been 204,000 orange trees planted in orchard in River- side, covering over 2000 acres. Of this number there were 28,500 that had com- menced to bear; this included all trees tbat showed fruit. That year they yielded 10,000 boxes of oranges. The yield this season will be about 25,000 boxes, that - will sell foran av erage of about $3 per box, not counting the cost ‘of boxes, or a total revenue of $75,000 from about 280 acres-— an average of $270 per acre, with very few orchards in full bearing, and with ‘all the older orchards producing a light crop. Most of the orange ¢rop has been already sold at figures ranging from $2 per box on the tree to as high as §5 per box on the tree. It is reported on what we consider good - authority that the firm of Sresevich & Gray have purchased the Riverside Navel crop on the Majors place (formerly. the Cover & McCoy place) for $40 per thous- and on the tree, counting all the fruit, snd this price is equal to fram $516 $6 pér'bok. Others have sold all varieties—seedlings and budded fruit—at $20 per thousand on Ontario Hotel. i wo I + a TE il WH 4 4h il ha Wit 1 gH dH] HR 138 cod 4 ER Sl H i wi 3) i 2 =h % @ i ko sei i y i ¥ i ) 11% the tree. These are good figures—the ideal hat have been given the public so faany times by those who have been ac- ¢used of painting the future prosperity of the State in rose-tinted colors. Good reports also come from other or: calities. Last year the Cucamonga wine vineyard reported $40,000 profits from 250 acres. Chaffey Brothers haveatwelve acre vineyard at the head of the Ontario tract that has yielded this year 150 tons of grapes that have been turned into wine— an average of twelve and a half tons to the ‘acre. A small vineyard of muscat grapes turns out 100 boxes of raisins of a superior quality, showing that the soil of that section is adapted to the musteat grapes. ‘With such returns as are being en joyed this year what is land worth? Good land in its wild state can be had at from $150 to $400 per acre. Four years of good care at a cost of $30 per acre per year or $120 for acre. wre 3 the four yea1s will bring a tract planted to ‘the muscat grape into good bearing. The third year frequently produces. 2a ‘good crop. A. P. Johnson's vineyard yielded fifty boxes of raising to the acre two and a’ ‘half years from the date of planting cut- tings, and in three and a half years from from planting, the crop sold for $215 per acre on the vine, and if he had manufac- tured his crop into raisins his net income would have been increased to over $300 peracre, as the purchasers of the crop claim that they can clear $100 per acre on the purchase. ‘With land at $300 per acre and care for four years, at $120 per year, and interest at say $80 per acre more only brings the . cost to $500 per acre. Two crops will pay the original investment, and thereafter 2 per cent. per month interest on $1500 per acre—uhree times the cost. The profits arising from the cultivation of different varieties of fruits are so mea- gre that the great question of the day is: ‘What shall we plant? Oranges, muscat : ‘vines, apricots, peach or pear ? The price of land is still low. The sup- : ‘ply of choice land, with good water nights, is very limited at present, and the de- : ‘velopment of new sourcés of water sup- ‘ply will not supply the demand. Again California has'a climate second to 40 ONTARIO. none in the world. ‘Thousands of people: will come here for their health. They will be largely men of means, who have been broken down in an active and suc- cessful business career. They want to live in a fine climate that will tend to re- store wasted energies and prolong life. They can invest their capital in a fruit farm and oversee the work. It is just such pleasant exercise as they need, and in addition to being the very best tonic ‘they will tind the in vestment a good one. Southern California is just entering upon a prosperous era, as the orchard and vineyard of America. The’ work hereto- fore done has been preliminary. The ex- periments have been tried and found to be successful. For the past four years people have been saying that lands had reached the climax of price, - "There are better reasons, however, to-day for pay- : ing $200 or $300 per acre for land than ere was four years 4go in paying ve. per Bi A 4 " } Systems of Irrigation.” Southern California has in use several i systems of frrigation,’ ‘so far: as ownership: and disiribution of water are concerned. THE LOS ANGELES SYREEM: The oldest, or at least one. of the oldest: systems, is that of municipal ‘ownership, as: illustrated at Los Angeles. The city owns the water rights, and the water is- “distributed by a city official known by the Spanish. title of Zanjero. The water _ is sold at a price fixed from time to time: by the City Council, and the money goes into the city treasury, and all expenses. connected with the water system are e paid by the city, Each user of water during the last week of each month makes application for such water as he may need during the follow-- ing month, stating in his written order, made out on blank forms furnished by" the city, about the time m the meonth that he needs the water. The Zanjero takes "all these orders and from them distributes. .the water equally among those entitled to- it, taking into consideration the acreage- of each applicant to be irngated. He also gives the water to each applicant as near the time desired as is consistent with an ¥ 1 i Es er ——— CR & rp a pe a ————— PT —— EE Ot x ar aua tall e ott TAI! Pine Forests of San Antonio J i —————— 1] = | —— | in rota ion, or nearly’ so, in order ; that it can: be more; easilyand seororaleal: ly managed. A If there is a Sood su poly of water: in the . river, the head of water to each applicant is ‘large, and if there 18 a low state of water in the river each applicant gets a smaller head, but the theory is to divide the water, ‘whatever there ‘may be, in an equitable manner. When the end ‘of the month comes each land owner has been supplied | and must be content and the Zanjero is ready to commence. another distribution. with no back orders to fill. “The. objections to this system are to be found i in the wasteful open ditches, which not only waste ‘valuable water but they / are unsightly and a curse in every respect. ie water belonging to the city of Los les was conducted in cement ditches and pipes, the irrigated district could: Be id many miles below its: ‘present. ite; ‘but if this improvement is made by ‘the city the lands to be benefitted could not be taxed to pay for the expense as they are located outside of the city limits. The city ought to inake the improvements and then charge outside lands for water rights, and thus get back a portion or all of the money expended in making the improvements. THE UNLIMITED SPREAD SYSTEM, Another system in vogue in many local- ities seems to have no limit to the spread of the water, and it is thus spread beyond the bounds of reason, and thus the water right becomes so thin that it is practically of little value. A water company:is formed with alarge capital stock. A water right is secured from some river, the water is put upon land as it is settled up, and the first the people know the water is spread over a large tract and a scarcity exists in summer time, when iti is most needed ‘to, save and perfect the crops. The Santa Ana Valley Lrmigating Company 3. ‘works piosiph are 3, 000 acres of land. now entitled _ to water from this company, and that at BT i the. irdaonit te oer are bul 100 inches’ of water at the. head of: ‘their canal, and that only 500" inches reach’ ‘Tustin’ City, whien it is all. sent ‘down to that place. ‘This is. but one inch; to about 25 #cres. This’ supply of water is much larger : now than it was in mid-summer, when loss than 300 inches reached the upper ‘part: of the Orange settlement. - Ir this stream had been put into a company under a system’ to spread it only to the extent of one-inch to ten acres, or one inch to fifteen, or even: twenty acres, there would have been: some’ limit to the spread, but we learn that even = now. mote stock of the company can be: t to place water on lands never be- fore irrigated, and thus farther spread the water. \ NE Fhere is’ another system \whioh' ight be known as the. prior ‘right systenn, that in the long run is worse than any of A ‘person or company buys a tract of land,’ say 2,000 acres, and a water ‘supply of say 200 inches as measured in an ord ‘ season in mid-summer. This water sup-, ply will furnish water to the tract of 2,000 acres on a basis of one inch to ten acres. That is considered enough, and so it is in ' some localities. The individual or com- pany subdivides his land and commences to seil it off. - Mr. A comesalong and buys a ten-acre tract; he gets a deed to the ten “acres of land and a supply of water from a certain source of water supply on the basis of one inh of water to ten. acres of land. He puts his deed on: record and goes to work thinking that he has a good water right—and so he has. B comes . along and buys len acres more. on the same basis, and the sales go on at this rate until the eutire 2,000 acres of land are sold, and with it 200 inches of water. Under, the deeds each owner of land has & right, to ‘s:share of water so long asthe supply remains up to the standatd of 200 inches. But a dry season comes and the hig is reduced 175 inches. | Ww bo own {neh of water. B Sls owns one ‘inch, but his title is sibjact to that of A's. So long 0 THE PRIOR RIGHT s¥sTEM, a BoSosarans |. 0. ill Nis WW. Stowell’s. Pipe Works at Ontario. i 2 RE ke See pial ARE mE 44 ~~ ONTARIO. as there are two inches in the stream B’s water right is good; and so on up to the man who bought the 175th ten-acre tract. He and those who bought prior to him each take.their inch of water to each ten acres owned, and thusthe entire 175 inches of water are appropriated. What is to be- come of the other land owners who bought land after that? They evidently have no water until the rains come again to swell the stream. There are: several localities in Southern California where the water rights are on this basis. Those who buy first are all right, but the time will come “when those who buy last will be left with" a dry water right. THE UNLIMITED SUPPLY SYSTEM. An unlimited supply of water is a good thing. In some respects there is nothing better in the water line in this country. In some respects it is not so good. The Riverside settlement—or city—furnishes the only example of this system in Cali- fornia. When the Southern California Colony Association first commenced ope- rations they started out with the proposi- tion that each owner of a water right was entltled to all the water he wanted, and as a matter of course each user was to be the judge of how much that should be; other- wise he might not be able to get all he wanted. This system has worked here in Riverside for the past twelve years. In the early settlement of this valley, when there was more water than land under cultivation this system worked very nice- ly, but it is a little strange that people did not see that it would eventually be a diffi- cult matter to sell an unlimited amount of water from a limited supply. During the past two or three years this problem has brought some difficulties in its solu- tion. The Company started out on the first of May to give each irrigator all the water he might order, and furnish all the valley during the month and be ready to start out again to duplicate the operation commencing with the first of June. The Company found that they could sell an average of 1,000 inches per day, and that in thirty days they could sell and deliver 30,000 inches of water running 24 hours, They. also found that their orders for May amounted to 32,000 inches, and the diffi- calty arose when the Zanjero tried to. draw off 32,000 inches from a supply of 30,000 inches. It couldn’t be done; so on the first of June he was two days behind time in commencing the second run of the valley. During June he had orders for 35,000 inches, and it took him till the 7th of July to fill his orders, and when orders for 37,000 inches came in for July, with only 23 days to run, with 1,000 inches each day, and a break in the canals set him back two days more, he could not be blamed for running the July water distri- bution into the middle of August, and the August distribution clear through Sep- tember into the first week of October. Where is the remedy? The Company sought one by lengthening section time from 30 to 36 days. The irrigators argued that if a certain amount of water would run an orchard 30 days more water would be required to run it 36 days. Each sec- tion or run of the settlement now had 36,000 inches, but the orders came in for 40,000 or 45,000 inches, and again the sec- tion time could not be respected. The Company were attempting to give an in- definite amount of water from a definite supply. It can’t be done. If the Com- pany had said: Here are 6,000 acres of land and 30,000 inches of water each month; each ten-acre tract can have 50 inches of water for 24 hours each month and no more, this trouble would have been avoid- ed. It makes no difference what the sup- ~ ply of water may be, if any man has the right to order all the water his fancy might dictate there is bound to be trouble. The only exception to this proposition is when the supply of water is unhmited, and there is no such supply in Southern California. THE REDLANDS--ETIWAN DA--ONTARIO SYSTEM. A careful study of the systems of water - ownership on this Coast, has at last devel- oped a system that seems to be perfect. It was first adopted by Redlands, and afterwards by Etiwanda and Ontario. The system was perfected by L. M. Holt, editor of, the Riverside Press AND HOR- TICULTURIST, and bas been known as the 4 Holt system.” A good idea of the sys- ‘Fem can be formed from a description of : EE EE MM abbot is ho. a — i Et De pe POROIY FYPHMRUNEY | RR AAS \ RL 7 \ TN RT ma LRU TENS FE eee SOC ia Fan ; 7, ” . Hepat 2 <2 2 is 27 “4 Cascades in San Antonio Canyon, water source for Ontario. ii # Et 46 ONTARIO. the workings of the San Antonio Water Company, that furnishes Ontario with water. Levit : 50 Chaffey Bros. - bought certain water rights in San Antonio, one item being a half interest in the San Antonio creek. They: also purchased ' some 10, 000 acres of land onthe plain below the canyon, and laid off the Ontario tract. They then formed the San Antonio Water Company, with a capital stock of 15,000 shares, and provided that this Company should fur- nish. water to owners of stock only, and that the amount of water in the posses- sion of the Company should be distributed pro rata among the stockholders. They then made a contract. with the Company to sell all their water rights in San Anto- nio canyon to. the Company, to conduct the waters from the canyon (0 a reservoir to be built near the head of Euclid avenue in cement ditch, pipe, flume or other via- duct, to construct the reservoir and to pipe the wafer from. the reservoir in eon- crete pipes to the highest corner of each ten-acre lot to be irrigated, and to turn over all this property and water rights to the Company, taking in payment therefor the stock of the Company on the follow- ing basis: The waters of the Company are to be measured under a four inch pressure, at a point where the same is to be emptied into the reservoir, on the 15th day of July, and stock is to be issued to Chaffey Bros. by the Company on a basis of ten shares of stock for each inch of water, Chaffey Bros. reserve the right for fifteen years to develop the waters of San Antonio can- yon or to furnish water from any other source that can be put into the reservoir, and for each inch of water so devel- oped or furnished, and measured on the 15th day of July, ten shares of additional stock are to be issued in payment there- for, i As Chaffey Bros. sell the land they transfer one share of stock with each acre sold, and thus, when all their stock is sold representing the water turned over to the Company and measured in mid- summer-—the 15th of July—they can. sell no more land with water right, and hence the water cannot be spread over more land than it will’ irrigate. nd All the water belonging to the Company is divided equally among the stockholders, according to the number. of shares held by each. In winter and spring this amount will, of course, be very large and in mid-summer it will average, on the 15th of July, one inch. of permanent flow to each ten-acre tract. Some seasons it may be _a little more and some seasons it may be a little less at that season. If, on a very dry season it does get to be less, the amount on hand is divided equally, each one taking less, but all getting: enough to tide over the extraordinary season. The last purchaser has just as. good a water right as the first one. These five systems are representative in character. Some other localities have modifications of this system, Pasadena. having a system of iron pipes for distrib- uting water under pressure from a reser- “voir. The North and South Fork ditches of the Santa Ana river in San Bernardino cbunty, have shares, or undivided inter- ests, with no incorporation. Each owner of shares uses his pro rata of water on as much or as little land as he thinks best The same system is in vogue on Mill Creek, and other modifications are found in other localities. : The tendency of new settlements is to systematize the ownership and distribu- tion of water as much as possible. San Antonio Canyon. There are four large streams of water in Southern California flowing from the mountains towards the sea, that furnish water for irrigating purposes. Commenc- ing on the west we have— -First—The Los Angeles river that fur- nishes water for the city of Los Angeles and territory adjacent thereto. Second—The San Gabriel river that sup- plies water to the Azusa and Duarte set- tlements in Los Angeles county. Third—The San Antonip canyon on the line, between Los Angeles and San Ber- nardino counties. This stream is equally divided, one-half going to Ontario on the east, and the nther half to the Loop and Meserve tract and Pomona ‘on the: West. . Fourth—The Santa Ana river that far- nishes water for: the North and. South * E ’ = ER FER CUT Ses SS Ue Se Sr Flume in Etiwanda Canyon, . and Tustin City with water. The San Gabriel river is perfectly dry 48 © ONTARIO. Fork ditches, all the water that comes from the mountain canyon being taken up by these two ditches. Some ten or twelve miles below where the water is all taken out of the Santa Ana river at the mouth of the canyon,: Warm Creek flows into the Santa Ana and other streams and springs furnish a good sup- ply, which is taken ouf to supply the Riverside settlement, West Riverside, . Agua Mansa, and a settlement south of Colton. Northwest of Riverside, Spring Brook rises and furnishes another. large body of water which flows down towards “Southern California furnishes no superior the sea. Most of this’ is taken out mear the Rincon; and again other streams and springs furnish water for the. river that supplies Anaheim, Santa Ana, Orange "in summer below where the water is taken . out for Azusa and Duarte, but ten miles lower down quantities of water comes to the surface, and the Los Nietos country is . supplied with irrigating water. . ni The San ‘Autonio canyon furnishes a fine stream of water that is well supplied "with mountain trout. This river, while it is the most valuable part of the canyon is not its only attractive feature. At the - ypouth of the canyon is situated the old ' Kincaid place, now: the property. of the Ontario Land Company. Here are to be found an orange grove in bearing, at an elevation of over 2,000 feet above'sea level, and yet the oranges are as fine as can be found in Southern California. Some St. Michael oranges from this orchard, on exhibition at the Riverside Citrus Fair in the Spring of 1883, were pronounced very. fine. Here is also to be found a ‘Muscat’ vineyard in bearing, consisting of several hundred vines. The crop is this year being manufactured into raisins, and the ciusters and berries were pronounced very fine by experts who examined the. vineyard before the fruit was picked. Heretofore the Muscat grapes have been sold to the Cucamongo winery together with Mission and other wine grapes from this vineyard. This place also produces, fine apples, pears, peaches, apricots, nec- tarines, plums, cherries, English walnuts "and other varieties of fruits and nuts.” An engraving of this mountain orchard is to be found elsewhere In this issue. But San Antonio canyon has other attractions. The scenery in many places is grand and sublime. We present in this issue of the FRUIT GROWER, several illustrations engraved from photographic views, which give a tame idea of the beau- ‘ties of this canyon, and thousands of people visit this locality every summer to enjoy the scenery; its pure mountain air, its fishing and hunting and, withdrawing from the busy scenes of active life-—to rest. mountain resort, and each year makes it "more popular. The building up of Ontario will increase the popularity of this can- yon as 3 summer. resort. Heretofore it “has been difficult for campers Lo get sup- plies and regular mails. During the sea- son of 1883, a daily conveyance has been run from Ontario to the canyon, and mail to campers has been delivered, free of cost, from the Ontario postoffice. Where scores of families camped this year, hundreds of families will flock next season as the beau- ties of the situation are more generally known, and the facilities of camp life are multiplied. 3 J Nor is this all. Sgn Antonio canyon is supplied. with forests of pine timber of! great extent. One of the views given in this issue is taken in one of these pine forests. The upper branches of the canyon are covered with ‘dense pine forests and . the trees are large ahd tall, but at the present time the only means of access thereto are by means of a pack-horse and mountain trail. And yetin the early days, man years ago, there was a saw-mill lo- cated up in the heart of the pine forests, and an ice house was erected in what is to-day known as Ice-house canyon—a branch of the San Antonio, and the ice was taken to Los Angeles, a distance of some sixty miles, béing taken out of the canyon on the backs of burros, this being the only means of transportation, and there was no Board of Railroad Commis- sioners to fix the rate, of freight, for the joe manufacturers charged all the traffic would bear. And still San Antonio canyon: has other sources of ‘wealth. “Mining has been car- ONTARIO. 49 ried on to some extent, near the head of the canyon. Placer mines have in many instances, paid good wages to those who ‘worked them, and some very fine nuggets of gold have been found in. the gravel washed down from “Old Baldy;” 5 years ‘ago,one nugget was found that was valued at something near $500. And even to-day ‘at the mouth of the canyon, a ditch is plainly visible on the west side of the stream that was built some seven years i ago to work placer mines, some ten miles west of the mouth of the canyon, but all the summer water was claimed by irriga- tors and the enterprise never paid, al- ‘though it is said that good pay dirt is to “be found near the mouth of the ditch. There is gold in these mountains, but the way to get it is to pipe down the water and put it upon the plains, and plant or- ~ chards and vineyards and draw the gold up through the roots. This is going to be done, and lucky is the man that gets a ‘good tract of land, and plants it and cares for it, in a good husbandlike mannner, for when he makes his annual clean-up he shall not be disappointed. The Ontario Land Company. On the 16th of July 1883, the Ontario Land Company was formed. On that day the members of the firm of Chaffey Bros. executed a deed of trust to Geo. Chaffey Jr., W. B. Chaffey, J. E. Plater, J. 8. Slau- gon and R. M. Widney, who would become the Trustees of the Ontario Land Company. They should issue twenty-five hundred certificates of ownership of the par value of $100 each. Their stock can be purchased at par, and at any time land can be bought of the Company at schedule price and paid for in stock, at par value, with eight per cent interest added thereto. This ‘stock therefore places the value of the “unsold lands at Ontario at $250,000 at that date. Since the orgiuization of the Com- pany there has been about $175,000 worth of land sold. Chaffey Brothers are the managers of the Company and hold a majority of the stock.” Deeds to land must contain the signatures of four of the Trustees. The Company is to-day the strongest real estate firm in California and are do- ing much to develope the resources of this section. Promises Fulfilled. The reputation of the Chaffey Brothers is one of which any one may justly feel proud. Their operations have been bold, energetic, enterprising and successful. No firm on the Pacific Coast has ever come up with prominence so rapidly and ac- complished so much good for the country in so short a space of time. In January, 1882; with a limited capital they bought water rights and lands and established the Etiwanda settlement. They promised to put the water on the lands and give the owners of the lands a system of ownership and distribution superior to anything on the Pacific Coast. In fulfilment of this promise they have piped the water to the highest point on each ten acre tract sold and during the past season the settlers have irrigated 800 acres of new orchards and vineyards, with an ease and comfort that has never been equaled in California. They have incorporated the Etiwanda Water Com- pany on a firm basis and the stock of the Company is owned by the owners of the soil, one share of stock to each acreof land, and this upon a basis of one inch of water to each eight acres of land as per measure- ment of the water on the 15th day of July. The company can issue stock only upon this basis. When more water is secured by development or otherwise more stock can be issued but not before. This system has stood the test of criti- cism, but as yet not a flaw has been found to weaken the confidence of the public in it. Chaffey Brothers promised to grade the streets, and this work has been largely done, no settlement in California of, its age possessing so many graded roads as does Etiwanda. They promised to furnish the electric light and this promise to has been fulfilled to the letter and spirit. LL They promised to build a school house, and to-day the Etiwanda school district has a fine school house built by the Chaf- fey Bros., in which a school is in progress attended by the children of the new settle- ment. where one year ago there was nothing but sage bush. They promised to. build a hotel and “50 ONTARIO. a fine $6,000 hotel building was put up nearly a year ago and for several months " has been in running order. Thus has every promise relative to Etiwanda been fulfilled. How about Ontario. The firm of Chaffey Bros., started out "to make of Ontario the model’ settlement of this coast. They promised to lay it out in as perfect a manner as possible. Each ten acre tract is full exclusive of the streets. The avenues run north and south from the railroad to the mountains, and are located half a mile apart. "The streets run east and west and are _* only quarter of a mile a apart. Thuseach " block of land contains 80 acres—8 ten- acre lots exclusive of the streets—each ten acre lot fronting on a street or avenue. Let the reader consult a map of the tract and see where the plat could be improved. The great central festure of this tract is Euclid avenue 200 feet wide and seven miles long—a double drive, with four rows of trees planted already up the avenue five miles. Chaffey Bros., promised relative to On- * tario to put up a system of electric lights along this Euclid avenue, one every mile. Arrangements are now nearly perfected "for doing still better, as they propose to go ahead with this work right away and put a light every quarter of a mile instead of every mile, making twenty-eight lights instead of seven. ~The water system is modeled after that of Etiwanda and is perfection itself. The water is being brought out of the canyon in a cement ditch to the reservoir and from there it will be conducted in cement pipes. The cement ditch is now under process of construction, nearly twenty miles of pipe are already laid and the reservoir will be built this winter. Chaffey Brothers promised to provide for the building of a College. They made a deed of trust conveyingto seven trustees one-half the town site of Ontario, each alternate block, 320 acres of land in all, and 20 acres for a College Campus, and already enough of that land has been sold to put up a $12,000 college building and work on the basement is now in progress. The building above the basement will be of brick and on account of delays in get- ting the brick burned before the com- mencement of the rainy season the build- ing will not be put up till next spring, although the stone work in the basement will be completed this fall. The lands be- longing to the College fund will sell for enough to furnish an endowment fund of not less than $100,000. Chaffey Brothers promised to construct a double track cable street rail road up the avenue from the railroad tothe moun- tains a distance of about seven miles. This was to be built in the future when sales of land and the needs of the settle- ment would require it. The plans are being prepared and within a month’s time work will have been commenced on this enterprise. A single line will be built this fall to reach up as far as the College tract, one mile, and this will be extended next season. The cars will be run by horse power at first but when the settle- ment requires it another track will be added and the cable put in. Water power at the head of the avenue will be used to run the cable after which the water will be used for irrigating purposes. All promises are being fulfilled at On- tario, and more too, as they were at Eti- wanda. Electric Lighting. As kerosene succeeded the tallow dip,and as gas succeeded kerosene, 80 is electricity succeeding gas, and it is now considered as a fixed fact that electricity will furnish the light of the future. The Chaffey Bros. were the first tointro- . duce electricity into Southern California for lighting purposes. When Etiwanda was first put upon the market, this enter- prising real estate firm which to-day stands at the head of real estate operations on the Pacific Coast announced to the world that they proposed to establish the electric light in this new settlement. The an- nouncement was such a departure from all former precedents, so original and bold that some laughed, others disbelieved while others were struck with astonish- ment and knew not what to think. They argued that under the favorable circum- stances of that locality, electricity was cheaper than either kerosene or tallow dips and therefore why not use it. The ONTARIO. 51 main expense of electricity under the Bush system is the powerto drive the dynamo. Etiwanda had 200 inches of water that had a fall of 800 feet inside of three miles; what ‘was to hinder piping this stream for a short distance and getting power to runa turbine wheel with sufficient force to run aldynamo large enough to furnish lights to every inhabitant of Etiwanda? Why not, sure enough? With no blowing of trumpets to an- nounce thisnew departure the water power ‘was harnessed, the dynamo was purchased an electric tower erected, large wires were run down for the dynamo above the res- -ervoir to the arc lamps (three of them) on the mastand at Mr. Chaffey’s residence and on the llth day of December 1882, the power was turned on and the light from the first . Brush lamp was shed over the plains of Etiwanda, then an almost uninhabited tract. Sometime after this the first light was put up in Los Angeles, which city is now one of the best lighted cities on this Coast. The electriclight at Etiwanda was put in - according to promise and the near future will witness the fulfillment of the promises of the Chaffey Brothers at Ontario on this subject and more too. The light at Etiwanda can be furnished for a nominal consideration. At Los Angeles large steam engines have to be run at heavy expense. Here at Etiwanda the power costs nothing except the grease to keep the machinery in order. Etiwanda can afford to have a mast and electric light at each street crossing in the settlement, and as soon as the storage battery can be had for use electriclights can be placed in every house in the settlemnt, entirely dispensing with the use of kerosene. Water Developments. Southern California has well-nigh appro- priated and used all the water now run- ning on the surface of the earth in this section, and Hence development must be - resorted to for future improvements. It is not true that the waters of the surface streams are as yet in all cases doing the most duty possible, far from it; much water is yet wasted and used to poor ad- vantage; but strearns as a rule are all appropriated and either used or wasted. Chaffey Brothers, realizing that land was more plenty than water, and that run- ning streams were hard to get hold of now except at exorbitant prices, have turned their attention to developments. And here is where the beauty of their water system is shown to good advantage. Un- der contract with the Etiwanda Water . Company, and also with the San Antonio Water Company that furnishes water to the Ontario tract, Chaffey Brothers have a right for a given number of years to de- velope water and turn it over to the water company, taking stock therefor on a basis of increased water as per measurement on the 15th day of July of each year. Aft Etiwanda they have gone into the bed of one of their canyons and are now engaged in running a tunnel up the bed of the wash, below where they have taken out the water of the stream. They expect to run this tunnel until they strike bed- rock, and then by branching out and run- ning one tunnel to each side of the canyon they expect to secure the entire underflow of the canyon. In the Etiwanda canyon the tunnel is only in some fifty feet, and yet a stream of about 20 inches of water has been secured, and it is confidently believed by old miners who have had ex- perience in such business that when the tunnel is completed they will have not less than 100 inches of water in this one canyon. This increase of 100 inches, if it is procured, will add 800 acres of land to the Etiwanda settlement. In the San Antonio canyon similar work has been commenced on a larger scale. The line of a proposed tunnel in this can- yon was at first surveyed, and along this line several shafts were sunk to see where the underflow of the canyon was to be found. At a depth of about fifty feet wa- ter was found in abundance. A tunnel was then started, and the work on this tunnel is now being pushed as rapidly as men can do the work. The future will tell the result of this enterprise, but there is no doubt but that a large stream of wa- ter will be obtained at moderate cost. roms fps Inquiries concerning Ontario cheerfully answered. 3 3 ¥ Pa — ET SRS G5 mA Ee SAE eR a EE RE i ee PP TE i ER ET —_— 52 ONTARIO. ONTARIO. The Coming Fruit Colony of Southern California. Pacific Coast. In January, 1882, the Messrs. Chaffey Brothers purchased a tract of land and certain water-rights in Day and Young canyon, east of Cucamongo, 1n San Ber nardino county, and laid-off the land into ten-acre tracts, flumed the water to a res- ervoir at the head of the tract, piped the water from the reservoir to the highest corner of each ten-acre tract, incorporated a water company, sold land at from $100 ‘to $150 per acre, built a nice school house and donated it to the district, built a hotel and opened it to the publicat a cost of $6,000, and to-day Etiwanda is a prosperous settle- ment, known far and wide, with 800 acres under improvement, in orchard and yine- yard, with a good school 1m operation, and one of the finest irrigation systems in ‘Southern California. "Briefly described, this is Btiwanda in’ its “infancy. There is yet other land to sell “and to be placed under caltivation. Atun- nel is being run in one of the canyons ‘that promises satisfactory results in the “way of furnishing a good supply of water “for irrigating additional lands. “the firm of Chaffey Brothers, however, "desired to extend this colony enterprise; and in the fall of 1882 they purchased a tract of 10,500 acres of the choicest fruit land in California, extending from the Southern Pacific Railroad a distance of soven miles to the Sierra Madre range of mountains on the mnorth—now Known more generally as the Clicamongo range. This tract of land lies to the west of Cuca- mongo. They also secured a half interest in the flow of San Antonio Creek. This creek, in ordinary seasons, furnishes 1,000 inches of water undera four-inch pressure, and half of the stream would farnish water for 5,000 acres of land on the basis of. one inch to ten acres, which is deemed an ‘abundance for this locality: Riverside has a supply of one inch to six ‘acres; Redlands and Fiiwanda, one inch to eight acres; while further towards the * coast the supply is ‘much less, ‘being in .some places not nore than one inch to twenty acres, or even much less. The Ontario water system is being put on a very substantial basis so far ‘as the work is concerned. An automatic divide is placed in the stream about “two ‘miles above the mouth of the canyon. Chaffey Brothers have constructed from ‘this divide a large paved and cemented ditch of large capacity 1n which to conduct the waters from the creek. About half a mile below the divide the water is run from this paved and cemented ditch into a cement pipe and carried another half mile down a heavy grade, where it is again put into a ditch and carried along the face of the mountain a distance of about two miles to a reservoir and from thence in a 22-inch cement pipe to the head of Euclid Avenue in Ontario. The whole ditch work is of the most sub- stantial character. About one mile below the divide, in San Antonio Canyon, work has been com- menced on a tunnel, which is intended to tap the underflow of the San Antonio Can- yon. This tunnelis being rapidly pushed. [tis now in a distance of about 1,000 feet ; it will be about 4,000 feet in length . when completed. The cement pipe above referred to, empties into the ditch just below the mouth of the tunnel, so that from this point the waters from the creek and the tunnel are united and carried in the large ditch'in ample volume along the face of the mountain to the reservoir. | Abont a mile west of the head of Euclid | Avenue .will be constructed two large distributing réservoirs, the lower one of which will be about 200 feet below the other. ‘This drop in the water will _ furnish.one of the finest water-powers in . this section of the State. From these reservoirs the water is being conducted in cement pipes to the highest corner of each ten-acre tract in Ontario, and already some fifteen miles of dis- tributing pipe have been laid, and N. WW Stowell, of the Ontario Pipe Works, ‘has a contract for several miles more, and has at ‘present two pipe camps with large forces of men at each making the pipe ready to lay. Work has just been com- pleted in manufacturing the pipe for the canyon. i The system of water-works for Ontario background, ’ * in dy -— Orange Qrchard, San Antonio Canyon with “Old Bal b Bh a Es 54 | ONTARIO. will cost about $100,000-alone and includ- ing the reservoirs, system of distri- buting pipes will cost from $75,000 to $150,000 more, according to the amount of water obtained in the tunnel and the ox- tent of land to be irrigated. The whole irrigation system, so far as at present laid out, will be completed before the commencement of another irrigation season. The pipe to distribute the water will be extended as the land is sold. ‘No temporary work has been done. It has never been the idea to do the work ina cheap manner at present and then put in better work as the people of the settlement get able to do it. The proprietors of the Ontario tract complete the water system and turn it over to the water company in -a shape that will be satisfactory for years to come. It is the intention to make the water system as complete as it can be made, with the knowledge we have at the present day. THE SAN ANTONIO WATER COMPANY Has a capital stock of 15,000 shares, and it has a contract with the firm of Chaffey Bros. whereby they sell and turn over to the company all their water-rights and water-works in San Antonio Canyon and the. Ontario tract, receiving in payment ‘therefor the stock of the company on the following. basis: 2,000 shares of stock on execution of the contract; on the 1sth of July, 1884, the waters of the San Antonio Canyon belonging to the company and all other sources of water supply are to be measured under a four-inch pressure where they are emptiedinto the company’s reservoir, and stock is then to be issued to Chaffey Bros., on the basisof ten shares of stock for every ineh of water so meas- ured. As land is sold by Chaffey Bros. (or as it stands now, the Ontario Land Company, of which company Chaffey Bros. are principal stockholders and man- agers) a share of water stock is transferred with each acre of land, so that when the stock is all sold the sale of land must stop, and the water can not be further spread: For fifteen years from date of contract— : November, 1882—the land company have . a'right to develop water supplies and turn . the same ~ over to: the water company, . taking stock therefor on‘ the basis of ten + shares of stock to each inch of-water as measured on the 15th of July of any year. After the expiration of the fifteen years, all water-rights and water-works become the property of the water company, and the stock of the company will belong to the people who own and irrigate the land. ONTARIO IMPROVEMENTS. Less than one year ago the Ontario tract of land was surveyed and placed on the market. Euclid Avenue, a double drive, extends up through the tract a distance of seven miles from the railroad to the mountains. Four rows of shade trees, consisting of fan palm, pepper, eucalyp- tus and Australian ferns, have been planted along this drive, one row on each side dnd two, rows forty feet apart through the middle. Between these two center rows it is proposed to build, as soon as the settlement will warrant, a double- track cable street railroad, to be run by water-power furnished at the head of the avenue. It is also proposed to erect elec- tric lights at the intersection of cross- streets every quarter of a mile, the motive power to run the dynamo being found in the water at the head of the avenue. Already about $350,000 worth of land has been sold during the year, at prices ranging from $125 to $250 per acre, and many fine places have already been started, and others will be commenced the coming winter. Several residences, cost- ing from $2,000 to $5,000 each, have been put up the past summer. The business part of town oonsists of a fine hotel costing $12,000 and is finely fur- nished. This house is kept by J. H. Fawcett in first-class style, and is con- stantly full. One grocery store has recently been started by A. E. Payne, and D. J. Jones is now putting up a two-story business house, wherein he will soon open a general merchandise store. Another party will soon erect three business houses in one block, two stories high, the upper story being ‘used for additional accommodations for the hotel. A black- smith shop has been started, but there is no saloon and there will be none, as the deeds given for town lets prohibit the liquor business.: . AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. . ONTARIO. 59 ONTARIO. The New Fruit Colony. The following descriptive article on On- tario is taken from the first issue of the ‘ONTARIO FRUIT GROWER, dated December 4, 1882: The reader who picks up this issue of the FRUIT GROWER will naturally ask, where is Ontario, and what is it that it should give birth to such a paper at the present time? In answer to the question we would state that Ontario is a new settlement. It is located in San Bernardino county, on the Southern Pacific Railroad, five miles west’ of Cucamongo, néar the county line that separates San Bernardine and Los Angeles counties. .. For years past various efforts have been made by capitalists to get possession of all the conflicting titles to the waters of San Antonio Canyon, that they might be put upon the beautiful tract of lal lying to the southeast of the canyon, between the mountain peaks on the north and the Southern Pacific Railroad on the south. All such efforts proved futile until the past season, when the Messrs. Chaffey Brothers, proprietors of Etiwanda, suc- ceeded, after several months of careful negotiations, in harmonizing conflicting interests and securing an undisputed title 10 one-half of the water of San Antonio Canyon, with rights of development. They also purchased several thousand acres of land—all they wanted—the very best portion of the tract in question. Having secured both land and water, they immediately set about laying the plans for a settlement that should attract the very best class of people that come to Southern California to secure homes and £ngage in that pleasant and most remu- nerative business, the growing of fruits indigenous to Southern California. Hav- ing had some experience in putting one ~ tract — Etiwanda — successfully on the market, they knew something of the public pulse, and being convinced that there were a large number of home-seek- ers coming to this country who desired to find a tract of fruit land surrounded by all the comforts and many of the luxuries of life, they. determined to found herd a «8 a settlement that should out-rank all other localities in natural Aad artificial attrac- tions. [J The tract of land which has been chris- tened Ontario extends for a distance of six and a half miles, from the mountains on the north to the railroad on the south; it slopes gently to the south, and is as smooth a tract as can be found in the State for one of its size. i The soil is sandy, gravelly loam, very similar to portions of Pasadena, San Ga- briel, Duarte, Pomona and Cucamongo. " All these places are located at the foot of the same range of mountains, and this - variety of first-class fruit land extends for sixty miles along the mountain chain from. Pasadena on the west to the choice lands northeast of San Bernardino on the east. The water right, owned by Chaffey Brothers, in San Antomo Canyon, is suffi- cient to irrigate some 5,000 or 6,000 acres of land —a tract equal in size to the present Riverside settlement. The mistakes made by all other settlements in the manage- ment of their water interests have been carefully studied and avoided. It is now known to a certainty about the amount of water needed for the irrigation of orchards and vineyards, in various localities. The amount of water required depends on lo- cality (the distance from the coast) and quality of the soil. "I'he depth to surface water cuts no figure until it comes to the moist and semi-moist lands where the wa- ter is near the surface. In Pasadena the water supply is one inch of water to 166 acres of land, as meas- ured in mid-summer in 1882. This place is located nearer the coast than Riverside, and needs but little water as compared with the latter place, where, during the past summer, 940 inches of water was used during the summer months on about 5,600 acres of land. Riverside needs more water than settlements nearer the coast, and it has more water. It is in the inte- rior of the valley, and receives less rainfall than settlements nearer the coast or along the foot of the mountain ranges. Again, the soil is heavier, has more clay in its composition, and hence will neither re- ceive nor retain moisture as readily as lighter soils. If a supply of one inch of water to six acres of. land is a good sup- - iol ply at Riverside, one Inch to ten acres is also a good supply at Ontario, Pomona, and other tracts along the valley towards Pasadena. The system of public and quasi-public improvements contemplated at Ontario has been carefully studied by many of the best business men of Southern Cali- fornia, and has received their hearty en- dorsement. The proprietors of the tract will promise nothing that they do not propose to fulfill to the letter in good faith. They point with pride to Etiwanda, where they sold 1,200 acres of land inside of eight months at prices ranging from $100 to $150 per acre. There they redeemed every pledge made to the purchasers ct land, whether it was yerbal or nominated in the bond. Readers may think that the advertise ment of Ontario reads like a fairy tale, but we can assure them that it is a simple statement of what Messrs. Chaffey Broth- ers propose to do as rapidly as the work can be done. They simply propose to invest a large proportion of the profits of the sale of the tract in permanent im- - provements for the benefit of the settlers. Some of these improvements will be out- right donations, in which they, asindivid- uals, will have no further direct finangial interests, and others will be investments for the benefit of the public, but which it is hoped will also benefit the owners. The town of Ontario has been laid out on the railroad. The railroad company will at once put in a side track, and. the Chaffey Brothers will, as soon as possible, erect a fine brick building for a depot, and the company promises to supply a station agent and telegraph operator as soon 4s the building is ready for occupaney. [The side-track and depot were put in last spring.] Euclid avenue is ; the name of a beauti- ful double drive, laid out.to extend from the railroad depot through the town and settlement to the foot of the mountains, a distance of six and a half miles. This avenue will be two hundred feet wide. Up : avenue. through the center will be planted two rows of fan palmsg these rows will be forty feet apart. Between: them will, be bunilt-as. soon as. the sales of land, will warrant-—a double-track cable street rail- 60 ONTAR 10. road, to be run by water power at the head of the avenue. This cable road will be- confe the private property of the builders, and as the motive power for running the same will cost next to nothing, it is believed that the investment will, in the course of a few years, become a good one, besides being a great benefit to the entire settlement. This cable road will notinjure the avenue in any respect for a fine drive, as it will beseparated from the drive by rows of shade trees as before stated. The drive on either side of the cable road will be sixty-five feet wide, and will be separated from the sidewalks by rows of shade trees. The sidewalks will each he fifteen feet in width. These drives and sidewalks will be nicely graded during the present winter, and the four rows of shade trees will be planted in the spring and carefully cared for until the property along the avenue is sold, when each pur- chaser will take care of the trees in front of his own property. Other avenues, each sixty-six feet wide, have been laid out, parallel to this main avenue, every half mile. Cross streets, running east and west are laid out every quarter of a mile,and are numbered, com- mencing at the railroad and running to- wards the mountains, In this manner the distance of and locality from the rail- road is easily determined by knowing the number of the street. Thus Twentieth street will be five miles from the railroad. This system of laying off streets and avenues cuts up the tract into eighty-acre blocks, which are half a mile long, east and west, by a quarter of a milenorth and south. Each block is subdivided into eight ten-acre tracts. The blocks are made a little more than half a mile long, so that each block contains eighty acres, exclusive of the streets and avenues, and each ten-acre lot contains a full ten acres. A twenty-acre tract on Euclid avenue does not run to the center of - the double drive, * but to the edge of it, and dces not cover even the smdewalk; neither does it or any other tract, cover a foot . of any street or A. system of electric lights will also be established on Euclid ayenue, At every fourth gross stréet will be erected a tower, making seven towers mn all, one every ONTARIO. 61 mile up the avenue. On these towers will “be placed electric lights of sufficient illu- ‘inating power to effectually light tHE en- ‘tire settlement. The main expense of the “Slectric light is the power to run the ma- ‘chinery, and this will be supplied‘at the - head of the avenue by water power, at ~ nominal cost. The land on eitber side of Euclid avenue ‘will be sold in 20-acre tracts, outside of the “town plat, which will be subdivided into ‘2%-acre lots for residence and business ‘purposes. This will leave eighty-eight ‘choice 20-acre lots fronting on the avenue. ‘The other lots, facing on other avenues ‘and streets, are just as good, but of course ‘net in so good location. Every ten or ‘twenty-acre lot on the tract faces on a " street or avenue. The work of improvement will com- ' mence in the town at once. A hotel will “soon be erected, a postoffice and express office established, and parties are already making arrangements for the building of “stores and shops, and ere many months a ‘live, bustling town, in all its departments, will have been established. ‘Within a very few months'a building is to be erected for the accommodation - of ‘the FRUIT GROWER. A first-class printing ‘office will be purchased, including a good | power press, and this paper will be printed entirely in the town of Ontario. It is “established as'a permanent and legitimate business enterprise, and is printed now at hi Riverside ‘only because it is'impossible to ‘erect a suitable building for its accommo- dation until spring. ‘ Although the state- ment may seem a little out of place in this ‘¢dunection, we here desire’ to state that - the proprietors of Ontario have no finan- 8 cial interest whatever in this paper, but it "is started Just as any business man would “establish | any other kind of business in ‘a ‘mew'town, ‘such as a ‘hotel, store or shop. "We propose to labor for the ‘building up ‘of this place, because we have an abiding “faith in'its future, and because we desire “land expect population here sufficient to ‘give the paper a liberal, hearty support. Ontario will’ have a perfect water Bystem. The. ‘San Antonio ‘Water Company was “ificorporatéd October 25, 1882. "This Com - y basa ‘eapital stock ‘of ‘$1,500,000, di- : idod 'into/15,000 shares of $100 each. “The present officers of the Company are as follows; President, Judge R. M. Widney, of Los Augeles; Vice-President, Geo. D, Cunningham, of Riverside; Secretary, L M. Holt, of Riverside. The Board of Di- rectors consists of R. M. Widney; Geo. D. Cunningham, L. M. Holt, Charles Chaffey and J. C. Dunlap. On the 23d of November, 1882, a contract was entered into between George Chaffey, ‘Jr., and William B. Chaffey, forming the firm of Chaffey Brothers, and the San - Antonio Water Company, by which Chaf- - fey Brothers contract to sell the company all their water rights in San Antonio Canyon, pipe the water out to a reservoir, and distribute the water in conerete pipes to the highest corner of each ten-acre tract ~ in Ontario as soon as it may be needed on such tracts for irrigation purposes. In payment for these water rights and such work the company deliver to them the stock of the company on the following basis: Two thousand shares of stock ‘are delivered to them on demand. On the 15th of July, 1883, the waters of San An- tonio Canyon belonging to the eompany are measured where they are emptied into the reservoir to be constructed, and Chaf- fey Brothers are to receive ten shares of stock for every inch of water so measured . under a four-inch pressure, the 2,000shares already issued to be considered a portion -of the amount so due, Chaffey Brothers then have a right to develop the waters of ‘the canyon and to furnish water from ‘any other source, and on the 15th of July of each succeeding year, for fifteen years, “the waters so developed or obtained are to be measured at ‘the reseryoir and addi- tional stock is to be issued on the same basis as before—ten shares of stock to gach additional inch of water. As Chaffey Brothers sell the land they transfer one share of stock with each acre sold, and when this stock’ is sold they can sell no more land with water right, as‘ the ‘company furnish water to stockholders only, unless there should be a surplus of ‘water, and" then it will ‘be sold in such a manner that the purchaser will obtain do permanent right to use the same. This is virtually the system as adopted at Bti- ‘wanda and Rédlandy in this county. Por further particulars the reader .i§ referred OE RR 7 ; Sa EE er Eg en : Bh i EE i os tS ai a rR SRE TA PR 8 a, 3 : i Cop = 62 ON TARIO, to the contraet, which is published in full elsewhere in this issue. The reader will thus see that thus far everything has been put up in first-class shape, but the best part of the programme remains yet to be told. On the 24th of November, 1882, Messrs. Chaffey Brothers executed a deed of trust to Judge R. M. Widney, formerly Dis- trict Judge of Los Angeles county, E. F. Spence, President of the First National Bank of Los Angeles, Rev. A. M, Hough, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Dr, J. P. Widney and G. D. Compton of Los Angeles and C. E. White, of Pomona, con- veying to them 320 acres of land in and around the town of Ontario, consisting of each alternate block in a mile square, half of which lies on ember side of Euclid avenue just above .the railroad. They also deeded a twenty-acre lot for a college campus on the west side of Euclid avenue a mile from the railroad. The trustees of this tract agree to establish a Horticul- tural College, which shall be a branch of the Methodist University of Southern - California, located at. Los Angeles. They . agree to erect a college building to cost $12,000 as soon as they sell land to that amount, and to build additional structures to cost $20,000 additional assoon as needed, and to establish as soon as the buildings are ready, a college on a good sound basis. This school will consist of a preparatory department which shall prepare students to enter the Freshman class of a classical course and to them graduate those who desire, in the Horticultural course, which will be made a specialty. As the trustees will own one-half of the town of Ontario, together with one-half of the most valuable lands around the same, tothe extent of 320 acres, it is be- lieved that they will receive for the sale of the same an average of upwards of $300 per acre or a grand total of about $100,000 for their property. This will give them an endowment fund of about $70,000. The parent institution in Los Angeles, under the same management, was estab- lished i in a similar manner, and to-day they have a fine building erected, a good school in operation, cash on hand, and a valuable property said to be worth about $100,000. Plans for the college building at Ontario . are'now being prepared, and the contract for building the same, wil be. let as soon as the ten thousand dollars worth of “land has been sold by the trustees, and it is probable that this school will be opened before the winter of 1883. ; The Ontario tract will require about sev - enty-five miles of concrete pipe to dis-. tribute the irrigating water. The force of “hands has been transferred to this tract from Etiwanda, where they have putdown since last June, seventeen and a half miles of pipe. The force will now be increased and machinery has been obtained for manufacturing this pipe on the ground by water power. The pipe lines will be down as rapidly as they will be needed by set- (lers who desire to plant orchards and vineyards the coming planting season. Euclid avenue is already being graded, and the cross streets will be improved as. rapidly as the work can be done. The electric light will be put up during the coming season after the more pressing: work is out of the way. The cable street railroad will cost not less than $150,000, and of course cannot be built until a large amount of land is sold. In fact it would not pay to build it or operate it if built until the settlement had attained considerable dimensions. The winter rains up to date have wet the ground to a depth of about ten inches, 80 it is entirely feasible for the purchaser to enter at once upon his land and plow it up preparatory to planting as soon as the proper season arrives. There can be no doubt but that this tract of land is the home of the orange, lemon, apricot, peach and pear, and the Muscat and Sultana raisin grapes, This conclusion is reached by comparison only as this is a new tract. It is known that the orange and lemon do well at Pomona and north of Pomona on similar soil, care being taken to keep out of the cold belt in the lower portion of the valley. It is known that the apricot and peach flourish everywhere in this interior valley on this kind of soil. The Sultana grape does well all through the State where 1t is not affected by mildew in the moister locali- ties, and it is a well known fact that the Muscat grape does well at Orange, on a SERIE mea ITI ITI ree seve © Stns oer SESS TIITRY, eee Sian 1 [| Fp— wr ITH Hl Er Etiwanda Hotel, kept by Fames Craig. igi rls rani ihe pe A A bl bt Bd i sO LT soil very similar to that found at Ontario, ‘and this variety of grape has always borne ‘well in the celebrated Cucamongo vine- yard, only four miles from Ontario, and ‘in similar soil. These varieties of fruit are classed among the most remunerative to be found [in the State. Regarding insect pests, it is well known that not a portion of this large inland val- ‘ley, including the settlements of River- side, Colton, San Bernardino, Redlands, Crafton, Lugonia, Etiwanda, Cucamongo, ‘Pomona, Chino and Rincon, has ever been affected with any kind of insect pest. The conditions are against.the brown scale and black fungus of the orange; the red scale has never reached this valley yet; the phylloxera has never appeared in South- ern California, and while the codlin moth and wooly aphis have been found in iso- lated localities, the conditions are such that these insects have never spread to do any harm. In placing Ontario before the public, we desire to say no word disparaging of any other locality. There are enough people bent on coming to this country to occupy every foot of irrigable land and more too. We all look to Riverside as the leader in fruit culture. The settlement has been made a grand success by the proper em- ployment of ‘ brains and water.” Its fruits are excelled by those of no other clime; its people are as intelligent and en- terprising as those of any other place; its drives are beautiful; its privale residences are, many of them, almost palatial, and os aie B Em HB En TE 7 la ld 84 | ONTARIO. the settlement, as such, probably has no. - duplicate in America. iy The causes that have made Riverside what it is will produce similar effects under as favorable circumstances, and we point with confidence to the programme laid down for Ontario. cern pr A Grand Raisin Vineyard Enterprise. American Garden, The largest sale of land ever made:in. Southern California for fruit purposes, has just been completed at Ontario to .the San Bernardino County Raisin Company ‘of Boston, Mass. This company, ag the Riverside PRESS AND HORTICULTURIST informs us, has recently been organized with a capital stock of $1,000,000. The lands selected are located in a solid body on the railroad east of Ontario. The water will be piped to the highest corner of each ten acre lot, and the company will have a steady stream of water continuously flowing upon their.lands night and’ day, or two hundred inches of day water, IV is intended to plant not less than five hun- dred acres of vineyard this coming winter, and, if possible a larger acreage. " This vineyard, when completed; will be the largest raisin vineyard on :the coast, and probably the largest one in the world. The company is composed of wealthy men, and their endeavor will be to estab- lish 4 brand for their raisins that will stand high in the markets. Already heavy raisin dealers in Boston and London haye signified their desire to handle their crop when the vinoyard comes into bearing. The raisin industry is as yet in its in- fancy on this coast, and the yield this sea- son is estimated at 125,000 boxes. Cali- fornia raisins have been brought into com- petition in the eastern cities with the im- ported article, and have stood the test, both as regards quality and price, and that, too, at very satisfactory figurestothe producer. “ Pama NMHOSE desiring further reliable information relative to Fruit Culture and the Resources of Southern Califor nia should subscribe for the PRESS AND HORTICULTURIST, | published at Riverside; Cal, by L. M. Holt. This paper is ecognized authority on Fruit Culture. It is handsomel printed on white book paper, and is typographical equal of any paper printed on the Pacific Coast. large circulation and a large list of able corres pobdes Contribute to its columns, a eription 3 rice = Tah a ie END OF TITLE