Cancer
Among Blacks

and other minorities:
statistical profiles

 

| NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE (uv. < ),
Division of Cancer Prevention and Control

Cancer Control Applications Branch |

Claudia R. Baquet, M.D., M.P.H., Project Coordinator
Program Director, Minority Field Programs

Knut Ringen, Dr. P.H.
Program Director, Field Programs

Biometry Branch

Earl S. Pollack, Sc.D.
Chief

John L. Young, Dr. P.H.
Chief, Demographic Analysis Section

John W. Horm, M.Sc.
Statistician, Demographic Analysis Section

Lynn A. Gloeckler Ries, M.S.
Statistician, Demographic Analysis Section

Technassociates, Inc.
Nancy K. Simpson, M.Sc.

ANY

e————s. NaH onal Cancer instiuie esss———

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service
National Institutes of Health
13132%94H%
PUBL
OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY

Table of Contents . . .

Discussion .......

Summary Table 1.

Summary Table 2.

Summary Table 3.

Summary Table 4.

Summary Table 5.

NOTE TO READERS .........

SECTION I. DATA SOURCES

Table of Contents . . .

Discussion .......

Figure I-1.

Table I-1.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

£

Average Annual Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Primary Site and Racial/Ethnic Group, SEER Program, 1978-81 .

Average Annual Age-adjusted Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Primary Site and Racial/Ethnic Group,
Total United States, 1978-81 . . .......................

Five-year Relative Survival Rates by Primary Site and
Racial/Ethnic Group, SEER Program, 1973-81 .............

Ratio of Black to White Age-adjusted (1970 U.S. Standard)
Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates by Primary Site,
SEER Program, 1978-81 . . ..........................

Five-year Relative Survival for Selected Cancer Sites:
Black and White Differences, SEER Program, 1973-81 .......

Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program,
National Cancer Institute . . .........................

Percent Distribution of Cancer Cases by Geographic Area for
Eight Racial/Ethnic Groups, SEER Program, 1978-81. ........

SECTION II. CANCER INCIDENCE FOR BLACKS, WHITES, AND OTHER GROUPS

Table of Contents . . .

Discussion .......

Table II-1.

Average Annual Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates by
Primary Site and Racial/Ethnic Group, SEER Program, 1978-81 .

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000 for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Figure II-1.
Figure II-2.

All Sites Combined . . .............

ii

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12

13

17

21

23

26

27

31

33

35

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38
Figure II-3.
Figure II-4.
Figure II-5.
Figure II-6.
Figure II-7.
Figure II-8.
Figure II-9.

Figure II-10.
Figure II-11.
Figure II-12.
Figure II-13.
Figure II-14.
Figure II-15.
Figure II-16.
Figure II-17.
Figure II-18.
Figure II-19.
Figure II-20.
Figure II-21.
Figure II-22.
Figure II-23.
Figure 11-24.
Figure II-25.
Figure II-26.
Figure II-27.
Figure II-28.

All Sites Combined, Female .........................
Bladder, Male
Bladder, Female
Breast, Female

Cervix Uteri

© se es ss es ee ss se se es ss esses eee eee.

Ss es ss ss es a sass se ses ese esse sees

© ee ss 4 4 ss es ese ee es ss ss ee see ses aes.

Colon, Male . ........... iin.
Colon, Female
Colon and Rectum, Male ...........................
Colon and Rectum, Female .........................

Corpus Uteri

© 8 ss se ss ee se a es ss se es se sess ease eee

© 8 es ss 4 4 es se se se sss sss sss essa see

Esophagus, Male ................................
Esophagus, Female . ..............................

Larynx, Male
Larynx, Fema

I TT

le

© ee se 8 se 4 ss se ss ss es sss esse ese esses.

Lung, Male ................ iii.

Lung, Female

Multiple Myeloma, Male ...........................
Multiple Myeloma, Female . . . .......................
Ovary . .... oe

Pancreas, Male

TT

Pancreas, Female ................................
Prostate .............
Rectum, Male

Rectum, Female

Stomach, Mal

ee es 4 4 4 es a ss 4 ss 8 ss ss ss sees esse ee.

© 4 ss 4 4 4 4 ss a a 4 a a ss ss es sss es ee ease.

=

Stomach, Female ....................... uuu...

Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000 by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1978-81
All Sites Combined . . .............................
Bladder . .............

Figure II-29.
Figure II-30.
Figure II-31.
Figure II-32.
Figure II-33.
Figure II-34.
Figure II-35.
Figure II-36.
Figure II-37.
Figure II-38.
Figure II-39.
Figure 11-40.
Figure II-41.
Figure 11-42.
Figure 11-43.
Figure 11-44.

Corpus Uteri

© ee a ss ss es ss ss ee ee ss ss sss ee esses oe

Colon...

ET TT

Esophagus . . ............

Larynx ...........

Lung .....
Multiple Myeloma. ..............................
Ovary . .. oe

Pancreas ............ ee

Prostate ..........

iv

39
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43

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49

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SECTION III. CANCER MORTALITY FOR BLACKS, WHITES, AND OTHER GROUPS

Table of Contents . . . ............. 87
Discussion . . . . . Le 89
Table III-1. Average Annual Age-adjusted Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000 by

Primary Site and Racial/Ethnic Group, Total United States, 1978-81 90

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000 for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Figure III-1. All Sites Combined . .............................. 91
Figure III-2. All Sites Combined, Male .......................... 92
Figure III-3. All Sites Combined, Female ......................... 93
Figure III-4. Bladder, Male ............ ee. 94
Figure III-5. Bladder, Female ................................. 95
Figure III-6. Breast, Female .................... 0.0.0... 96
Figure III-7. Cervix Uteri . . ....... ieee ieee 97
Figure III-8. Colon, Male . . ........ 98
Figure III-9. Colon, Female .............. . . . 0. iii. 99
Figure III-10. Colonand Rectum, Male . .......................... 100
Figure III-11. Colon and Rectum, Female ....................... Ce 101
Figure III-12. Corpus Uteri ........... 0. iin. 103
Figure III-13. Esophagus, Male ................................ 104
Figure III-14. Esophagus, Female . . . .. Se 105
Figure III-15. Larynx, Male . .............. ie. 106
Figure III-16. Larynx, Female ................................. 107
Figure III-17. Lung, Male .............. iin 108
Figure III-18. Lung, Female . .................................. 109
Figure III-19. Multiple Myeloma, Male ........................... 110
Figure III-20. Multiple Myeloma, Female . . . . ...................... 111
Figure III-21. Ovary . .. oe ee 113
Figure III-22. Pancreas, Male . . . ................. .. iii. 114
Figure III-23. Pancreas, Female ................................ 115
Figure III-24. Prostate ............. . LL... 117
Figure III-25. Rectum, Male ................. .. 0 0iiiiiin.. 118
Figure III-26. Rectum, Female ............... ei... 119
Figure III-27. Stomach, Male .................................. 120
Figure III-28. Stomach, Female ................................ 121

SECTION IV. FIVE-YEAR RELATIVE SURVIVAL FOR BLACKS, WHITES, AND OTHER GROUPS

Tableof Contents . . . . ........... eee 125
Discussion . ........ LL eee 127
Table IV-1. Five-year Relative Survival Rates by Primary Site

and Racial/Ethnic Group, SEER Program, 1973-81 .......... 129
Five-year Relative Survival Rates by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1973-81
All Sites Combined . . .............................

Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure

IV-1.
IvV-2.
IV-3.
Iv-4.
IV-5.
IV-6.
Iv-7.
IV-8.
IV-9.

IV-10.
IV-11.
IV-12.
IV-13.
IV-14.
IV-15.
IV-16.
IV-17.
IV-18.

Breast, Female . .
Cervix Uteri . . . .

Colon and Rectum . ......... iin.

Corpus Uteri . ..
Esophagus . . . . .
Larynx .......

Lung and Bronchus ..............................

Lung and Bronchus, Male ..........................

Lung and Bronchus, Female . . . ......................

Multiple Myeloma
Ovary ........
Pancreas ......
Prostate ......
Rectum .......
Stomach ......

SECTION V. SURVIVAL TRENDS: RELATIVE SURVIVAL BY SUCCESSIVE NUMBER OF YEARS
AFTER DIAGNOSIS AND YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS, 1973-75 AND 1976-81,
FOR BLACKS AND WHITES

Table of Contents

Discussion

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure

V-1.
V-2.
V-3.
V-4.
V-5.
V-6.
V-7.
V-8.
V-9.
V-10.
V-11.
V-12.
V-13.
V-14.
V-15.

All Sites Combined, Black ..........................
All Sites Combined, White . . . .......................

Bladder, Black . .
Bladder, White . .
Breast, Black Fema

le . ee

Breast, White Female ................... ..........

Cervix Uteri, Black

Cervix Uteri, White . . . . ............... i .....

Colon, Black . ..
Colon, White . . .

Colon and Rectum, Black . . . ........................
Colon and Rectum, White ..........................
Corpus Uteri, Black . . . ............................
Corpus Uteri, White . .............................

Esophagus, Black

vi

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147

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153

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164
165
166
167

168
Figure V-16. Esophagus, White ............................... 169
Figure V-17. Larynx, Black . . ........... 170
Figure V-18. Larynx, White .................... inn... 171
Figure V-19. Lung and Bronchus, Black Male ...................... 172
Figure V-20. Lung and Bronchus, White Male ..................... 173
Figure V-21. Lung and Bronchus, Black Female .................... 174
Figure V-22. Lung and Bronchus, White Female .................... 175
Figure V-23. Multiple Myeloma, Black ........................... 176
Figure V-24. Multiple Myeloma, White .......................... 177
Figure V-25. Ovary, Black ............. iii. 178
Figure V-26. Ovary, White . . ....................... .......... 179
Figure V-27. Pancreas, Black .......... ii 180
Figure V-28. Pancreas, White . . . ...... i. 181
Figure V-29. Prostate, Black ................ iii. 182
Figure V-30. Prostate, White ...................c.c0 iui... 183
Figure V-31. Rectum, Black .................................. 184
Figure V-32. Rectum, White . . .............. iii. 185
Figure V-33. Stomach, Black . . ............ Li iii 186
Figure V-34. Stomach, White ................................. 187

SECTION VI. FIVE-YEAR RELATIVE SURVIVAL BY STAGE OF CANCER AT DIAGNOSIS
FOR BLACKS AND WHITES

Table of Contents . . . . . ..... tt eee 191

DISCUSSION . . . . 193

Five-year Relative Survival Rates by Cancer Stage at Diagnosis: 1977-81

Figure VI-1. Bladder . ............ 195
Figure VI-2. Breast, Female .................................. 196
Figure VI-3. Corpus Uteri ................... iin... 197
Figure VI-4. Colon ..... ee 198
Figure VI-5. Colonand Rectum ............................... 199
Figure VI-6. Cervix Uteri . . . . oo otitis 200
Figure VI-7. Esophagus (whiteonly) . .............. 0.0... ... 201
Figure VI-8. LUNG © itt 202
Figure VI-9. Melanoma (whiteonly) ............................ 203
Figure VI-10. OVary . o.oo 204
Figure VI-11. Prostate ............ iii 205
Figure VI-12. Rectum ........... 206
Figure VI-13. Stomach ............... 207
SECTION VII. DISTRIBUTION OF HISTOLOGIC TYPES OF CANCER FOR BLACKS AND WHITES
Table of Contents . . . . . . .
DISCUSSION  . . . . ee

Percent Distribution of Cases by Histologic Type of Cancer for Blacks and Whites, SEER
Program, 1978-81

Table VII-1. All Sites Combined . ...................... . . . . 0...
Table VII-2. Bladder . . . ....... ee
Table VII-3. Breast, Female ................
Table VII-4. Breast, Female <40 yearsofage ......................
Table VII-5. Breast, Female 40+ yearsofage ......................
Table VII-6. Cervix Uteri . . . . o.oo eee eee
Table VII-7. Colon .... eee
Table VII-8. Colonand Rectum ...................... 000i...
Table VII-9. Corpus Uteri ............... iin...
Table VII-10 Esophagus . ................. i
Table VII-11 Larynx ........
Table VII-12 Lung, Male ................. i...
Table VII-13. Lung, Female . . ...................
Table VII-14. Ovary .. o.oo
Table VII-15. Pancreas ........... ieee
Table VII-16. Prostate ......... eee
Table VII-17. Rectum ........ ee.
Table VII-18. Stomach .......... eee

SECTION VIII. CANCER TRENDS: COMPARISON OF INCIDENCE, MORTALITY, AND SURVIVAL
FOR BLACKS AND WHITES

Table of Contents . . . . . . . . eee
DISCUSSION  . . . Lo eee

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates
per 100,000 by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

Figure VIII-1. All Sites Combined, Black ..........................
Figure VIII-2. All Sites Combined, White . . ........................
Figure VIII-3. Bladder, Black . ........... ee
Figure VIII-4. Bladder, White .-. . ...............................
Figure VIII-5. Breast, Female, Black .............................
Figure VIII-6. Breast, Female, White . ..................... .......
Figure VIII-7. Cervix Uteri, Black ............. iio...
Figure VIII-8. Cervix Uteri, White . . . ............................
Figure VIII-9. Colon, Black ..................... 0...
Figure VIII-10. Colon, White . . .................................
Figure VIII-11. Colon and Rectum, Black . . .........................

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250
Figure VIII-12.
Figure VIII-13.
Figure VIII-14.
Figure VIII-15.
Figure VIII-16.
Figure VIII-17.
Figure VIII-18.
Figure VIII-19.
Figure VIII-20.
Figure VIII-21.
Figure VIII-22.
Figure VIII-23.
Figure VIII-24.
Figure VIII-25.
Figure VIII-26.
Figure VIII-27.
Figure VIII-28.
Figure VIII-29.
Figure VIII-30.
Figure VIII-31.
Figure VIII-32.
Figure VIII-33.
Figure VIII-34.

Colon and Rectum, White . .........................
Corpus Uteri, Black ..............................
Corpus Uteri, White . .............................
Esophagus, Black ................................

Esophagus, White ...............................

Larynx, Black .
Larynx, White

Lung and Bronchus, Black Male ......................
Lung and Bronchus, White Male .....................
Lung and Bronchus, Black Female ....................

Lung and Bronchus, White Female ....................
Multiple Myeloma, Black . ..........................
Multiple Myeloma, White ..........................

Ovary, Black .
Ovary, White .
Pancreas, Black

Pancreas, White

Prostate, Black
Prostate, White
Rectum, Black

Rectum, White
Stomach, Black

Stomach, White

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273
Overview
And
Summary

 
OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY

Discussion ......

Summary Table 1.

Summary Table 2.

Summary Table 3.

Summary Table 4.

Summary Table 5.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Average Annual Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Primary Site and Racial/Ethnic Group, SEER Program, 1978-81 .

Average Annual Age-adjusted Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Primary Site and Racial/Ethnic Group,
Total United States, 1978-81 . ........................

Five-year Relative Survival Rates by Primary Site and
Racial/Ethnic Group, SEER Program, 1973-81 .............

Ratio of Black to White Age-adjusted (1970 U.S. Standard)
Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates by Primary Site,
SEER Program, 1978-81 ............................

Five-year Relative Survival for Selected Cancer Sites:
Black and White Differences, SEER Program, 1973-81 .......

10

11

12

13
Overview and Summary

In 1984, in order to achieve greater direction to the cancer control effort, the
National Cancer Institute announced the national goal of reducing cancer mor-
tality by one-half by the end of the century. As part of the planning, available
data on the cancer experiences of different racial/ethnic groups were reviewed.
These data document that certain segments of the population have disproportion-
ately severe cancer rates compared to the general population. These data are
presented in this report. The statistics presented are descriptive and intended
to document discrepancies in cancer experiences of different population groups.
This report does not attempt to identify the causes of such discrepancies.

Fundamentally, the national goal for cancer control is based on the understanding
that cancers can be prevented and survival among cancer patients improved
through individual and institutional change. To achieve such changes, the coop-
eration of all health professionals and concerned organizations and institutions
will be required. This report intends that such individuals and organizations
make use of these statistics to identify areas of opportunity where they can have
the greatest impact: the researchers to formulate hypotheses for in-depth studies
of causes of discrepancies in cancer rates and interventions to reduce the causes;
the health planners to propose new program options for improved health pro-
tection; the policy-makers to decide about resource allocations.

The data presented in this report fall into three categories:

eIncidence data: Cancer incidence data measure the number of new cases of
cancer during the year. These data are collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiol-
ogy and End Results (SEER) program of the National Cancer Institute for
eleven population-based areas in the United States covering 12 percent of the
U.S. population, including eight ethnic/racial groups.

® Mortality data: Cancer mortality data are collected by the National Center for
Health Statistics as part of the national vital statistics system. These data
include all deaths occurring in the United States during a year. U.S. mortality
data classify Hispanics as whites.

® Survival data: Survival data indicate how long patients continue to live follow-
ing diagnosis of a cancer. These data also are collected by the SEER program
for the eleven population registries covered.

The data collected cover both cross-sectional comparisons of cancer rates and
time-trends for the eight racial/ethnic groups covered by the SEER program. For
much of the in-depth analysis, particularly related to survival patterns, data
were available for blacks and whites only. The reason for this is that the number
of cases for specific cancer sites for other racial/ethnic groups were too small to
allow for meaningful statistical analysis. The racial/ethnic breakdown for the
SEER program areas is discussed in Section I of the report. Based on these data,
the following major findings have emerged:

® Cancer incidence: Among the major racial/ethnic groups, blacks have the
highest incidence rate for all cancers combined, followed by Native Hawaiians
and then whites. Native Americans had the lowest incidence. (See Section II
of report.)

® Cancer mortality: Blacks also experience the highest overall cancer mortality
rates, followed by Native Hawaiians and whites. (Section III)

® Cancer survival: Japanese-Americans have the highest overall survival rates,
with whites having the second highest rates. Blacks and Native Americans
experience the least favorable rates. (Sections IV-VI)

The detailed analysis of survival patterns between blacks and whites revealed:

® While whites showed increased survival during the last decade for each year
following diagnosis, blacks experienced a largely unchanged survival pattern.
(Section V)

® Differences in survival between blacks and whites were independent of stage
at time of diagnosis; the differences persisted in early stages at approximately
the same level as for advanced stages. (Section VI)

® Histologic differences in tumor types may account for some of the differences
in survival experience. For some cancer sites, blacks appear to have tumor
types that are more aggressive and result in poorer survival than some tumor
types experienced by whites. (Section VII)

Finally, when comparing trends in incidence, mortality and survival over time
for blacks and whites, the following points can be made (Section VIII):

® Both blacks and whites experienced increased overall cancer incidence rates.

® Because whites experienced higher cancer survival rates than blacks, the effect
of increases in incidence rates on mortality rates was less for whites than for
blacks.

® This analysis only covered the period since 1973, and the differential effects
described probably would be greater had data over a longer time period been
available.
Summary Tables 1-5 at the end of this section provide an overview of major
cancer incidence, mortality, and survival patterns. In comparing blacks and
whites, blacks experience disproportionate cancer rates by cancer sites as follows:

® Cancer incidence: Breast (women under age 40), esophagus, lung (males),
multiple myeloma, pancreas, prostate, stomach.

® Cancer mortality: Cervix, esophagus, larnyx, lung, multiple myeloma, pan-
creas, prostate.

® (Cancer survival: Bladder, breast, corpus uteri, prostate, rectum.
Summary Table 1

Average Annual Age-adjusted
Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Primary Site and Racial/Ethnic Group,
SEER Program, 1978-81

 

 

Native Native

 

Primary Site Whites Blacks  Hispanics* Japanese Chinese Filipinos Hawaiians Americans
Allsites 335.0 372.5 246.2 247.8 252.9 222.4 357.9 164.2
Bladder 15.4 8.6 8.2 7.7 7.7 5.1 8.2 1.1
Breast, Female 86.5 71.9 54.1 53.1 54.0 43.4 111.1 28.5
Ages <40 8.2 10.7 7.9 8.6 7.4 7.1 7.1 4.0
Ages40+ 221.1 179.3 134.9 146.5 141.0 117.0 300.0 71.4
Cervix Uteri 8.8 20.2 17.7 7.6 11.2 8.8 14.1 22.6
Colon & Rectum 49.6 48.9 25.2 50.4 40.8 30.1 32.7 9.9
Colon 34.6 37.9 15.8 34.0 27.7 17.7 18.4 8.0
Rectum 15.0 11.7 9.4 16.4 13.1 12.4 14.3 1.9
Corpus Uteri 25.1 13.4 11.1 18.6 17.6 11.7 27.1 2.6
Esophagus 3.0 11.5 1.6 2.4 3.4 3.6 6.4 2.4
Larynx 4.6 6.6 2.6 2.6 1.9 1.8 5.2 0.9
Lung, Male 81.0 119.0 34.3 45.1 62.6 38.1 100.9 14.6
Lung, Female 28.2 30.5 13.0 14.1 31.2 18.4 38.6 3.1
Multiple Myeloma 3.4 7.9 2.5 1.2 1.6 4.1 5.5 2.8
Ovary 13.6 9.5 10.4 8.7 9.1 9.4 13.5 3.2
Pancreas 8.9 13.6 10.8 7.4 9.3 6.7 10.0 6.0
Prostate 75.1 120.3 76.5 4.2 26.1 48.9 57.9 45.4
Stomach 8.0 13.8 15.7 27.9 9.0 7.0 32.4 19.3

 

 

* Cancer incidence data for Hispanics come from New Mexico only.
Summary Table 2

Average Annual Age-adjusted
Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Primary Site and Racial/Ethnic Group,
Total United States, 1978-81

 

 

 

Native Native
Primary Site Whites* Blacks Japanese Chinese Filipinos Hawaiians ~~ Americans
Allsites 163.6 208.5 104.2 131.5 69.7 200.5 87.4
Bladder 3.9 3.8 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.0
Breast, Female 26.6 26.3 9.9 13.0 8.0 33.0 8.2
Ages <40 1.6 2.5 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.1
Ages40+ 70.2 68.1 25.2 34.6 20.6 88.7 20.6
Cervix Uteri 3.2 8.8 2.7 2.9 1.6 4.2 5.8
Colon & Rectum 21.6 22.3 17.2 19.3 8.1 15.0 8.6
Colon 18.1 18.8 13.6 15.5 5.8 11.4 6.8
Rectum 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.8 2.3 3.6 1.8
Corpus Uteri 3.9 6.6 3.9 4.3 2.0 3.0 1.8
Esophagus 2.6 9.2 1.9 3.3 1.9 6.5 2.1
Larynx 1.3 2.5 0.2 0.7 0.4 1.4 0.9
Lung, Male 69.3 91.4 32.7 48.2 20.0 88.0 28.0
Lung, Female 20.2 20.1 8.6 21.2 6.8 31.5 8.6
Multiple Myeloma 2.4 5.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.8 1.9
Ovary 8.1 6.4 4.3 4.2 2.8 7.0 3.3
Pancreas 8.4 11.0 7.0 7.4 3.3 10.9 4.5
Prostate 21.0 43.9 8.8 7.5 8.2 11.6 15.5
Stomach 5.3 10.0 17.5 7.8 3.3 25.3 6.2

 

 

* The National Center for Health Statistics from which these data are derived

does not code ethnicity for Hispanics.

10
Summary Table 3

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Primary Site and Racial/Ethnic Group,
SEER Program, 1973-81

 

 

 

(percent)
Native Native
Primary Site Anglos? Blacks Hispanics Japanese Chinese Filipinos Hawaiians Americans
All sites 50 38 47 51 44 45 44 34
Bladder 74 50 70 72 74! 49! 48° 37
Breast, Female 75 63 72 85 78 72 76 53!
Cervix Uteri 68 63 69 72 72! 72! 73 67!
Colon & Rectum 51 44 46 59 50 41 51! 37!
Colon 52 46 48 61 53 38 59! 44
Rectum 49 37 44 55 44 45 42 24!
Corpus Uteri 88 57 86 86 87 78 80 66
Esophagus 5 3 — —_— 1 — —
Larynx 67 59 60! 75! 67° 57? 79 or
Lung & Bronchus 12 11 11 14 15 12 16 5
Male 11 10 9 13 15 12 13 2
Female 16 14 15 17 15 11 24 —
Multiple Myeloma 24 27 21 30! 24! 29! 26! —
Ovary 37 39 41 41 42! 52! 36 43
Pancreas 3 3 2 3 3 2 es —
Prostate 69 59 71 76 76! 73 85! 47!
Stomach 14 15 16 28 16 16 14 9

 

 

! Standard error between 5 & 10%.
2 Standard error 10%.

3 Caucasians not of Hispanic origin or surname.

11
Summary Table 4

Ratio of Black to White Age-adjusted (1970 U.S. Standard)
Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates by Primary Site,
SEER Program, 1978-81

 

 

 

Primary Site Incidence Rates Mortality Rates
All Sites Combined 1.11 1.27
Bladder 0.56 0.97
Breast, Female 0.84 0.99
Cervix Uteri 2.30 2.75
Colon & Rectum 1.00 1.03
Colon 1.10 1.04
Rectum 0.78 1.00
Corpus Uteri 0.53 1.69
Esophagus 3.89 3.47
Larynx 1.43 1.92
Lung, Male 1.47 1.32
Female 1.08 1.00
Multiple Myeolma 2.30 2.08
Ovary 0.70 0.79
Pancreas 1.43 1.31
Prostate 1.60 2.09
Stomach 1.72 1.89

 

 

12
Summary Table 5

Five-Year Relative Survival for Selected Cancer Sites:
Black and White Differences
SEER Program, 1973-81

(percent)

 

 

5-Year Relative Survival

 

 

Primary Site Blacks Whites Difference
All Sites Combined 38 50 12
Corpus Uteri 57 88 31
Bladder 50 74 24
Breast-Female 63 75 12
Rectum 37 49 12

Prostate 59 69 10

 

 

13
Note To Readers

 
Note to Readers

Organization of Cancer Sites

This document does not follow the International Classification of Diseases system nor-
mally used for organizing cancer sites for the following reasons:

® The report is primarily intended to inform a broad range of health professionals and
policy makers. In order to simplify locating information in the report, cancer sites are
listed alphabetically rather than by organ system.

® The document covers only the major cancer sites of concern to the topic and it was
thought that an alphabetical listing would be more appropriate.

Age-specific Cancer Rates

Because age is such an important variable to consider when looking at cancer, age-spe-
cific information is presented in a series of cancer incidence and mortality graphs in
Sections II and III. When using these graphs it is important to compare the cancer
rates of blacks and whites within the same age-groups. For example, in the figure
below age-specific incidence rates are shown for lung cancer among males. Point A
on this graph represents the incidence rate of lung cancer for white males between
the ages of 60 and 64. This point should be compared to point B, the point vertically
above point A which represents the incidence rate of lung cancer for black males in
the same 60 to 64 year age group. Point A should not be compared to point C, a
point horizontally across from point A, because point C represents the cancer inci-
dence rate of black men aged 50 to 54, not 60 to 64.

Age-Specific Cancer Incidence Rates Per 100,000
SEER Program, 1978-81

Lung, Males

700 T

600+
T —— WHITES

---- BLAS
500+

100+

 

 

 

 

0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-84 85+
AGE
Section VIII

Care should be used when reading the line graphs in Section VIII, Cancer Trends:
Comparison of Incidence, Mortality, and Survival For Blacks and Whites. Each graph
contains two dashed, horizontal lines. These lines are for reference only; they do
not represent levels or trends of cancer incidence or mortality.

17
Section I.
Data Sources

 
TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION I. DATA SOURCES Page
Discussion . ........ 23
Figure I-1. Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program,
National Cancer Institute 26
Table I-1. Percent Distribution of Cancer Cases by Geographic Area for
Eight Racial/Ethnic Groups, SEER Program, 1978-81 ........ 27

21
Section I. Data Sources
Discussion

This report presents selected examples of cancer statistics in order to show
comparisons between blacks, whites, and other racial and ethnic groups. The
presentation displays in greater detail than in the past comparisons of the cancer
experience of these groups. Differences between blacks and whites indicate
where efforts must be directed to address the cancer needs of blacks in order
to achieve improvement in incidence, mortality, and survival rates.

The data presented in this report are derived from two sources. Cancer mortality
data are obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Data
tapes on all deaths in the United States are obtained annually from the NCHS
and form the basis for all mortality statistics. Cancer incidence and survival data
are derived from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Pro-
gram of the National Cancer Institute. The SEER Program collects information
from 11 U.S. population-based cancer registries (Figure I-1). Cancer patients iden-
tified through SEER from 1978 to 1981 had the following racial/ethnic distribution:

 

Anglos (white) 84.7
Blacks 8.0
Hispanics 2.1
Native Americans 0.3
Chinese 0.8
Japanese 1.2
Filipinos 0.6
Native Hawaiians 0.4
Others 1.9
100.0%

Table I-1 shows how the cancer cases for these eight racial/ethnic groups were
distributed within the SEER geographic areas.

The SEER Program began in 1973 and presently includes six entire states (Con-
necticut, Hawaii, Iowa, New Mexico, New Jersey, and Utah), four large met-
ropolitan areas (Atlanta, Detroit, San Francisco, and Seattle) and Puerto Rico.
New Jersey joined the SEER Program in late 1983. It is now possible to analyze
changes for the full ten years that SEER has been in operation. The majority of
the SEER data on blacks is obtained from Atlanta, Detroit, and San Francisco.
Information for this report comes from 9 of the 11 SEER registries; Puerto Rico
and New Jersey are excluded.

23
Definitions

Rate: An expression of the frequency of an event in an entire population. It is
characterized by “counts of an event” during a specified time period. The total
number of events — the numerator — is divided by the population at risk (or
mid-year population) — the denominator. For example, the crude death rate is
calculated by dividing the total number of deaths registered during the calendar
year (January 1 to December 31) by the total population at the middle of the
year (July 1). This is then multiplied by 100,000.

Incidence rate: The cancer incidence rate is the number of cancer cases newly
diagnosed during a calendar year divided by the mid-year population and mul-
tiplied by 100,000.

Mortality rate: The cancer mortality rate is the number of deaths from cancer
that occur during a calendar year in a specified population. It is expressed as a
number per 100,000 population and includes those deaths where cancer is the
reported underlying cause of death. This can be calculated for each specific type
of cancer as well as for all cancer sites combined.

Observed survival rate: The proportion of newly diagnosed cancer patients sur-
viving for a specified period of time after diagnosis.

Relative survival rate: The ratio of the observed survival rate for the patient
group to the expected survival rate for persons in the general population similar
to the patient group with respect to age, sex, race, and calendar year of obser-
vation. Since almost half the cancers occur in persons 65 years or older, many
of these individuals die of other causes with no evidence of recurrence of the
cancer. Thus, because it is obtained by adjusting observed survival for the normal
life expectancy of the general population of the same age, the relative survival
rate is an estimate of the chance of surviving the effects of cancer. The five-year
relative survival rate then can be considered the proportion potentially curable.

Age-specific Rate: Age-specific cancer rates are calculated because the frequency
of cancer incidence and mortality varies with age. By calculating separate inci-
dence and mortality rates for each age group diversities often hidden in overall
rates are more evident.

® Incidence: The age-specific cancer incidence rate is the number of new cases
of cancer occurring to persons in a given age group during a calendar year
divided by the mid-year population of all persons in that same age group.
This is then multiplied by 100,000.

® Mortality: The age-specific mortality rate is the number of cancer deaths occur-
ring to persons in a given age group during a calendar year divided by the
mid-year population of all persons in that same age group. This is then mul-
tiplied by 100,000.

24
Age-adjusted Rate: An age-adjusted cancer rate is a weighted average of the
age-specific cancer mortality (or incidence) rates where the weights are the
numbers of persons in age groups of a standard population. This has the
effect of eliminating age distribution differences in the two populations as a
factor when comparing their mortality (or incidence) for all ages combined.
For this report, the 1970 U.S. population is used as the standard.

Standard error: The standard error of a survival rate indicates the amount of
sampling variability in the rate. Throughout this report, those rates for which
the standard error is between 5 and 10 percent are indicated by superscript!
and those with a standard error greater than 10 percent by superscript®. All
other survival rates have standard errors less than 5 percent.

25
Figure I-1
Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program
National Cancer Institute

& Seattle
(Puget Sound)

=

’ New mn

/

 

   
  

 

 

 

 

 

SMSA — Standard Metropolitan

Statistical Area

 

Hawaii Op

 

 

 

vi?

Puerto Rico

 

 

 

 

 

 

26
Table I-1

Percent Distribution of Cancer Cases
by Geographic Area, for Eight Racial/Ethnic Groups,
SEER Program, 1978-81

 

 

 

Total forall

racial/ethnic Native Native
Area groups? Anglos? Blacks Hispanics Japanese Chinese Filipinos Hawaiians Americans
Total numbers of cases 297,571 252,095 23,952 6,158 3,682 2,299 1,815 1,331 872
Percent residing in:
All areas’ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
San Francisco-Oakland 16.8 15.7 20.4 33.5 9.2 64.1 36.1 2.4 3.8
Connecticut 16.9 18.8 8.6 5.4 0.2 1.0 0.1 0.1 1.4
Detroit 19.4 18.3 45.9 1.4 0.4 1.4 1.7 0.1 1.5
Hawaii 3.4 1.4 0.2 — 82.9 28.6 55.8 97.0 —
Iowa 15.1 17.6 1.8 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 — 1.7
New Mexico 4.4 3.8 0.8 51.3 0.1 0.2 — — 42.4
Seattle 12.7 13.7 3.2 1.6 5.6 3.8 6.6 0.4 12.6
Utah 4.3 4.8 0.2 4.8 1.3 0.2 0.2 — 3.2
Atlanta 3.1 5.6 16.6 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.4
Arizona Indians 0.1 — a a _ —_ 32.7

 

 

! Puerto Rico and New Jersey are not included.
? Total includes 5,367 cases of unknown and other racial/ethnic background.

* Caucasians not of Hispanic origin or surname.

27
Section II.
Cancer Incidence
For Blacks, Whites,
And Other Groups

 
TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION II. CANCER INCIDENCE FOR BLACKS, WHITES, AND OTHER GROUPS

Discussion

Table II-1.

Average Annual Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates by

Primary Site and Racial/Ethnic Group, SEER Program, 1978-81 .

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000 for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure

II-1.
11-2.
11-3.
11-4.
II-5.
11-6.
II-7.
11-8.
11-9.

11-10.
I-11.
11-12.
11-13.
11-14.
II-15.
II-16.
11-17.
11-18.
11-19.
11-20.
11-21.
11-22.
11-23.
11-24.
I-25.
11-26.
11-27.
11-28.

All Sites Combined . . .............................
All Sites Combined, Male ..........................
All Sites Combined, Female .........................
Bladder, Male ............. . .
Bladder, Female . .............. 0...
Breast, Female .............. .. .

Colon, Male . . . ..
Colon, Female ............... .. . . 0...
Colon and Rectum, Male ...........................
Colon and Rectum, Female .........................
Corpus Uteri . ........ iii.
Esophagus, Male ................................
Esophagus, Female . ..............................
Larynx, Male . ....................
Larynx, Female .................................
Lung, Male .............. .. i...
Lung, Female . . . ....................... . .. ......
Multiple Myeloma, Male ...........................
Multiple Myeloma, Female . . . .......................
Ovary . ... oe
Pancreas, Male . . ............... 0...
Pancreas, Female ............... .. . 0... ....
Prostate .........
Rectum, Male .................... a...
Rectum, Female ..................... . .. .........
Stomach, Male . ..........
Stomach, Female ................................

31

37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
59
60
61
63
64
65
66
67
Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000 by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1978-81

Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure

11-29.
11-30.
11-31.
11-32.
11-33.
11-34.
11-35.
11-36.
11-37.
11-38.
11-39.
11-40.
11-41.
11-42.
11-43.
11-44.

All Sites
Bladder

Breast, F
Cervix U

Combined . .............

emale ........
teri . . oe

Corpus Uteri . ........... nn.

Esophagus . ............

Larynx
Lung .

Ovary .

32

68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
Section II. Cancer Incidence for Blacks,
Whites, and Other Groups

Discussion

The information about cancer incidence in this section is based on SEER data
collected between 1978 and 1981. Cancer incidence rates measure the rate of
occurrence of new cases of cancer during a year per 100,000 persons in that
population. The cancer incidence rates presented here are an average of four
annual cancer incidence rates: 1978, 1979, 1980, and 1981.

The first table presents average annual, age-adjusted cancer incidence rates for
blacks, whites, and other racial/ethnic groups. Two sets of figures follow: 1) line
graphs comparing age-specific incidence rates for selected cancer sites for blacks
and whites, and 2) bar graphs showing age-adjusted cancer incidence rates for
blacks, whites, and other racial/ethnic groups.

Highlights
® Among the major racial/ethnic groups, blacks had the highest overall incidence

rate for cancer followed by Native Hawaiians and then whites. Native Amer-
icans had the lowest cancer incidence rate.

® Among the major racial/ethnic groups for which data are available:

— Blacks had the highest incidence rates for cancers of the female breast (for
women under age 40), esophagus, colon, larynx, lung (male), multiple
myeloma, pancreas, and prostate.

— Whites had the highest incidence rates for cancers of the bladder and ovary.

— Native Americans had the highest incidence rate for cancer of the cervix
uteri. They had the lowest incidence rates for cancers of the bladder, colon,
rectum, larynx, male and female lung, female breast, corpus uteri, pancreas,
and ovary.

— Native Hawaiians had the highest incidence rates for cancers of the female
breast (all ages combined and for women age 40 and above), ovary, corpus
uteri, stomach, and lung (female).

— Japanese-Americans had the highest incidence rates for cancers of the
rectum and for the colon and rectum combined. They had the lowest inci-
dence rates for cancers of the cervix uteri and multiple myeloma.

— Hispanics had the lowest incidence rate for cancer of the esophagus.

— Chinese-Americans had the lowest incidence rate for cancer of the pros-
tate gland.

— Filipinos had the lowest incidence rate for cancer of the stomach.
33
® Blacks were nearly four times as likely as whites to have cancer of the
esophagus and more than twice as likely to have multiple myeloma.

® Black females were more than twice as likely as white females to have cancer
of the cervix uteri.

® After ages 35-39 blacks had higher age-specific incidence rates for all cancer
sites combined than whites. This difference increases to ages 55-59 and then
decreases until ages 70-74 where it begins to increase again.

34
Table II-1

Average Annual Age-adjusted
Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Primary Site and Racial/Ethnic Group,
SEER Program, 1978-81

 

 

 

Native Native

Primary Site Whites Blacks  Hispanics* Japanese Chinese Filipinos Hawaiians Americans
All sites 335.0 372.5 246.2 247.8 252.9 222.4 357.9 164.2
Bladder 15.4 8.6 8.2 7.7 7.7 5.1 8.2 1.1
Breast, Female 86.5 71.9 54.1 53.1 54.0 43.4 111.1 28.5
Ages <40 8.2 10.7 7.9 8.6 7.4 7.1 7.1 4.0
Ages 40+ 221.1 179.3 134.9 146.5 141.0 117.0 300.0 71.4
Cervix Uteri 8.8 20.2 17.7 7.6 11.2 8.8 14.1 22.6
Colon & Rectum 49.6 48.9 25.2 50.4 40.8 30.1 32.7 9.9
Colon 34.6 37.9 15.8 34.0 27.7 17.7 18.4 8.0
Rectum 15.0 11.7 9.4 16.4 13.1 12.4 14.3 1.9
Corpus Uteri 25.1 13.4 11.1 18.6 17.6 11.7 27.1 2.6
Esophagus 3.0 11.5 1.6 2.4 3.4 3.6 6.4 2.4
Larynx 4.6 6.6 2.6 2.6 1.9 1.8 5.2 0.9
Lung, Male 81.0 119.0 34.3 45.1 62.6 38.1 100.9 14.6
Lung, Female 28.2 30.5 13.0 14.1 31.2 18.4 38.6 3.1
Multiple Myeloma 3.4 7.9 2.5 1.2 1.6 4.1 5.5 2.8
Ovary 13.6 9.5 10.4 8.7 9.1 9.4 13.5 3.2
Pancreas 8.9 13.6 10.8 7.4 9.3 6.7 10.0 6.0
Prostate 75.1 120.3 76.5 44.2 26.1 48.9 57.9 45.4
Stomach 8.0 13.8 15.7 27.9 9.0 7.0 32.4 19.3

 

 

* Cancer incidence data for Hispanics come from New Mexico only.

35
Figure II-1

Age-specific "ancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

All Sites Combined

2400 I
2200 A

2000 A
1800 -
1600 |
1200 A

1000 A

RATE PER 100,000

800 - a BLACK

800
x WHITE

400

200 +

 

 

 

0

T T T T T TT 1
0-4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-84 85+

 
Figure 11-2

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Age for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

All Sites Combined
Male

4000 T T

3200 + ——— WHITES
+ —--- BLACKS

2400 +

RATE PER 100,000
Nn
o
o
b

 

 

 

1 4 |

| WR 1 2 1 L 1 1 L L 1 L
0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 50-54 60-64 "70-74 80-84 85+

38
Figure 11-3

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

All Sites Combined
Female

2000 T T

1600 + —— WHITES

1200 +

800 1

RATE PER 100,000

 

 

 

—— — 1 l 1 1 } 1 1

TI 1 1 1 Il [l Il
0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-84 85+

 

39
Figure 11-4

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Bladder
Male

300 T

240 + — WHITES

180 T

120 +

RATE PER 100,000

 

 

 

0 pn

ttt ttt
0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 10-31 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-84 85+

 

40
Figure 11-5

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Bladder
Female

100 T -

80 + —— WHITES

60 +

40 +

RATE PER 100,000

 

— ~~
1 J = 1

 

 

1 1 1

L L 1 1 1
40-44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-84 85+
AGE

 

0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34

41
Figure 11-6

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Breast
Female

400 T T

RATE PER 100,000
-
MN
Oo
+

 

 

 

ttt
0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 10-34 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-84 85+

 

42
Figure 11-7

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Cervix Uteri

 

110 r _-
/
jp / -
/
-T / -+
/
+ WHITES / +
/
+ ---- BLACKS | +
je ! -+
1
pe / ie
I~ /
/
fm / fe
/
pt i / -
© /
o S55 , 1
Oo
~ jo - +
or
§ 1 T
uw -t Eo
—-
a
© —— —
“+ fn

 

 

 

 

0- 410-14'20-24 30-34 40°44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

43
Figure 11-8

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Colon
Male

400 + — WHITES

300 +

RATE PER 100,000
Nn
o
S
b

 

 

 

1 J 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 L 1 L 1
0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 "50-54 60-64 70-74 80-84 85+

 

44
Figure 11-9

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

 

Colon
Female
400 T -+
4 ja «
+ =+
+ +
320 + ——— WHITES +
+ =—=-—-—- BLACKS +
+4 4
240 T+ +
-+ i
[e]
& +
o
a T T
£160 + +
pH tp —
& T T
i -+
80 + T
I :

 

 

 

freemen eee pi
0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-84 85+

45
Figure 11-10

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Colon and Rectum
Male

700 1 -

600 +

1

 

WHITES
— — — — BLACKS
500 +

400

1

RATE PER 100,000
w
Oo
Oo

n
Oo
o
1
T

 

 

 

0 1 1 } L L J 1 } L } 1 1 l 1 1 1

0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

AGE

 

46
Figure 11-11

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Colon and Rectum
Female

 

WHITES
T -—--—-— BLACKS

RATE PER 100,000
n
Oo
©

 

 

 

 

0= 4710-14 20-24 30-34 40°44 750-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

47
Figure 11-12

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Corpus Uteri

150 7 +
te je
+ 1
NM le

   
  

 

WHITES
+ —--- BLACKS

RATE PER 100,000
o
o

 

 

 

0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40°44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

49
Figure 1-13

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

 

 

Esophagus
Male
100
+4 N T
;
80+ WHITES ; +
\
+ ---- BLACKS EAN +
! ~7
+4 ; \ +4
/ \
4 / \ 4
/ \

60 + / \ , +=
oO ju. / \ / +

o ! \

e I v
o T 1 T
2 1 ! 1

or
1
Wo40+ | +
pd +4 I 4
TC
oC de i
20+
+4 +4
L 1 L 1 LL ~

 

 

 

0- 410-14'20-24 30-34 40°44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

50
Figure 11-14

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

 

Esophagus
Female

30 + _

te de

4 A +

I \
IA

24 + WHITES FR 4

+ ---- BLACKS Jo +

4 I | —

! \
+4 / | 4
| \
18+ \ 4
\
S +4 \ RA
Oo \
- —— \ —t—
8 |

«i 4 \ A
0

a 12 T -

J 4 4
=
T

© 4 A

6 —— —+—

 

 

 

 

0- 4'10-14'20-24 30-34 40°44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485

51
Figure 1I-15

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Larynx
Male

56 + ——— WHITES
+ ---- BLACKS

12 +

28 T+

RATE PER 100,000

 

 

 

L 1

ptt pt}
0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-84 85+

 

52
Figure 11-16

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Larynx
Female

12 + _
—— i —p
hy
y= I Ra
I
fp 1 \ gp
9.6 + ————— WHITES / 1
+ —--- BLACKS / +
+ l \ 4-
I \
+4 I 1 4
\
7.2 + 1 .
\

RATE PER 100,000
>
©
+

2.4 +

  
  

 

 

-

1 La 1 i l 1

0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 "50-54 60-64 70-74 80-84 85+

 

53
Figure I-17

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Lung
Male

700

1
J
1

600 A

 

WHITES
—- — —— BLACKS
5001

1

400

RATE PER 100,000

=

Oo

Oo
1
T

 

 

 

 

0 1 L 1 L 1 l 1 Il J } 1 1 1 1 1 L

0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

AGE

54
Figure 11-18

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

 

Lung
Female

150 t+ T

—— -T

120 1 WHITES sr

+ —---- BLACKS nn

—— —

90+ T

Oo 4 4
oO
Oo

o T T

S i i

* i

YW oeoT +

¥3] 4 4
be
C

x 4 4

30T +

+4 4

T- -+

 

 

 

 

0= 4710-14 20-24 30-34 40°44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

55
Figure 11-19

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Multiple Myeloma

 

Male

100 + —_—
1 C4

4 1 4

/
—— / ——
/

80 + WHITES / +
+ —--- BLACKS 4

60 + 4

RATE PER 100,000
a
o

 

—

0 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 49-44 '50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485

 

 

 

56
Figure 11-20

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Multiple Myeloma

 

 

Female
50 T -
— r ~
/ N T
! \
—4 / \ —
\

nie / \ +

40+ WHITES / +

+ —---- BLACKS / +

1 / 4

4 / +

/

301 / 4

Oo 4 +
Oo
Oo

Oo T T
o

~~ + +

a 20 T T

pu -T +
T

oC 4 +

T +

10+ +

L = F =~

 

 

 

0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40°44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

57
Figure 11-21

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Ovary

RATE PER 100,000
Nn
>
1
T

 

-
1 1 1

0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 "50-54 60-64 70-74 80-84 85¢

 

 

59
Figure 11-22

Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1978-81

Pancreas
Male

130 + -

104 + — WHITES

78 T

S52 +

RATE PER 100,000

 

 

 

~~

ttt ttt
0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 10-34 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-84 85+

 

60
Figure 11-23

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Pancreas
Female

120 1 -

96 + ——— WHITES i
+ -—--— BLACKS +
+ +
+ nh
72 + =

RATE PER 100,000
>
©
L
I

 

 

 

1 1 1

1 1 4 a. : L L 1 1 L 1 1 1 1
0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 "50-54 60-64 70-74 80-84 85+

 

61
Figure 11-24

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Age for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Prostate

1500 7 -
$e +

-— +
1200 + —— WHITES +
+ =---- BLACKS +

RY whe
900+ 4

Lb
v

RATE PER 100,000
o
o
o

ja

—

 

4 L

0- 410-14720-24 30-34 40°44 S0-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

 

 

1 1 1

 

63
Figure 11-25

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

 

Rectum
Male
200 —T —_
—p -+
160 + — WHITES “+
+ -—---— BLACKS +
+ RM
120 + +
4 +
oO
8 + T
o
e -— —
Ei 80 + 1
pl T T
& 1 1
40 + +
1 1
L L

 

 

 

1 1 1 1 1 4 L L L 1 L L 1 1
0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 "50-54 60-64 70-74 80-84 85+
Figure 11-26

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Rectum
Female

120 T +

96 + ——— WHITES

72 te

48 +

RATE PER 100,000

244

 

1 - 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 J

0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 "50-54 60-64 70-74 80-84 85+

 

 

 

65
Figure 11-27

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Stomach
Male

160 + ——— WHITES ! +
+ ———— BLACKS

120 +

80 T

RATE PER 100,000

 

 

 

0 L L 1 L L L

0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 49-44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-84 85+

 
Figure 11-28

Age-specific Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Stomach
Female

100 T -
80 + ———— WHITES
+ ---- BLACKS

60 1

10 +

RATE PER 100,000

 

 

 

0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 "50-54 60-64 70-74 80-84 85+

 

67
Figure 11-29

Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1978-81

All Sites Combined

 

 

ih 248 dal
Whi tes
Blacks
Chinese
Japanese

Filipinos
Hawaiians

Native Americans
Hispanics (N.M.)
Puerto Rico

68
Figure 11-30

Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1978-81

Bladder
@ 18 28
Whi tes
Blacks
Chinese
Japanese

Filipinos
Hawaiians

Native Americans
Hispanics (N.M.)
Puerto Rico

69
Figure 11-31

Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1978-81

 

 

Breast
Female
d 68 123
Whi tes
Blacks
Chinese
Japanese

Filipinos
Hawaiians

Native Americans
Hispanics (N.M.)
Puerto Rico

 

70
Figure 11-32

Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1978-81

Cervix Uteri

Whi tes

Blacks

Chinese
Japanese
Filipinos
Hawaiians

Native Americans
Hispanics (M.M.)
Puerto Rico

71
Figure 11-33

Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1978-81

Colon

 

 

Whi tes

Blacks

Chinese

Japanese
Filipinos
Hawaiians

Native Americans
Hispanics (M.M.)
Puerto Rico

 

72
Figure 11-34

Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1978-81

Colon and Rectum

 

 

Whi tes

Blacks

Chinese

Japanese
Filipinos
Hawaiians

Native Americans
Hispanics (N.M.)
Puerto Rico

 

73
Figure 11-35

Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1978-81

Corpus Uteri

 

 

Whi tes
Blacks

Chinese

Japanese
Filipinos
Hawaiians

Native Americans
Hispanics (N.M.)
Puerto Rico

 

74
Figure 11-36

Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1978-81

Esophagus

 

 

Whi tes

Blacks

Chinese

Japanese
Filipinos
Hawaiians

Native Americans
Hispanics (N.M.)
Puerto Rico

 

75
Figure 11-37

Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1978-81

Larynx

 

 

Whi tes

Blacks

Chinese

Japanese
Filipinos
Hawaiians

Native Americans
Hispanics (N.M.)>
Puerto Rico

 

76
Figure 11-38

Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1978-81

 

 

Lung
i Ad 8a
Whi tes 4
Blacks
Chinese
Japanese

Filipinos
Hawaiians

Native Americans
Hispanics (N.M.)
Puerto Rico

77
Figure 11-39

Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1978-81

Multiple Myeloma

Whi tes

Blacks

Chinese

Japanese
Filipinos
Hawailans

Native Americans
Hispanics (N.M.)
Puerto Rico

 

78
Figure 11-40

Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1978-81

Ovary

 

 

Whi tes

Blacks

Chinese
Japanese
Filipinos
Hawaiians

Native Americans
Hispanics (N.M.)
Puerto Rico

 

79
Figure 11-41

Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1978-81

 

 

Pancreas
a 16
Whites } "
Blacks
Chinese
Japanese

Filipinos
Hawaiians

Native Americans
Hispanics (MN.M.)
Puerto Rico

80
Figure 11-42

Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1978-81

 

 

Prostate
i 78 144
Whi tes : : -
Blacks
Chinese
Japanese

Filipinos
Hawaiians

Native Americans
Hispanics (N.M.)
Puerto Rico

 

81
Figure 11-43

Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1978-81

Rectum

 

 

Whi tes

Blacks

Chinese

Japanese
Filipinos
Hawaiians

Native Americans
Hispanics (M.M.)
Puerto Rico

 

82
Figure 11-44

Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates per 100,000
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1978-81

Stomach

 

 

Whi tes

Blacks

Chinese

Japanese
Filipinos
Hawaiians

Native Americans
Hispanics (MN.M.)
Puerto Rico

 

83
Section III.
Cancer Mortality
For Blacks, Whites,
And Other Groups

 
TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION III. CANCER MORTALITY FOR BLACKS, WHITES, AND OTHER GROUPS Page
DISCUSSION . . . LL... 89
Table III-1. Average Annual Age-adjusted Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000 by

Primary Site and Racial/Ethnic Group, Total United States, 1978-81

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000 for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Figure III-1. All Sites Combined . . ............................. 91
Figure III-2. All Sites Combined, Male .......................... 92
Figure III-3. All Sites Combined, Female ......................... 93
Figure 111-4. Bladder, Male . ....... oii 94
Figure III-5. Bladder, Female ................................. 95
Figure III-6. Breast, Female . . . .... oui 96
Figure III-7. Cervix Uteri . ............ iin. 97
Figure III-8. Colon, Male . . . ... 98
Figure III-9. Colon, Female ............ i. 99
Figure III-10. Colon and Rectum, Male . . ......... uuu... 100
Figure III-11. Colon and Rectum, Female ......................... 101
Figure III-12. Corpus Uteri .............iiiiiiinnnnon. 103
Figure III-13. Esophagus, Male .................c.oiuiuiuienn.... 104
Figure III-14. Esophagus, Female . .............................. 105
Figure III-15. Larynx, Male . ........... cuit... 106
Figure III-16. Larynx, Female ................. 0.0.0... 107
Figure III-17. Lung, Male .............. ii. 108
Figure III-18. Lung, Female . . .............uuiiinnnnn.. 109
Figure III-19. Multiple Myeloma, Male . .......................... 110
Figure III-20. Multiple Myeloma, Female . . ........................ 111
Figure III-21. Ovary . . o.oo 113
Figure III-22. Pancreas, Male . . . ....... 114
Figure III-23. Pancreas, Female ................................ 115
Figure III-24. Prostate . .............. 117
Figure III-25. Rectum, Male ................iuiiiiininiunennnn nn. 118
Figure III-26. Rectum, Female ................. . . . ... .. . . . ..... 119
Figure III-27. Stomach, Male .............................. .... 120
Figure III-28. Stomach, Female ................................ 121

87
Section III: Cancer Mortality for Blacks, Whites,
and Other Groups

Discussion

The mortality data presented in this section are collected by the National Center
for Health Statistics. The mortality rates are an average of four annual cancer
mortality rates: 1978,1979,1980, and 1981 (comparable to the incidence data pre-
sented in Section II).

The first table presents average annual, age-adjusted cancer mortality rates for
all sites combined and for selected cancer sites for blacks, whites, and other
racial/ethnic groups. This is followed by a series of line graphs showing age-spe-
cific mortality rates for blacks and whites for selected cancer sites.

Highlights

® Among the major racial/ethnic groups, blacks had the highest overall age-ad-
justed mortality rate for cancer, followed by Native Hawaiians and then whites.

® Blacks had the highest mortality rates for cancers of the female breast (for
women under age 40), colon, colon and rectum combined, cervix uteri, corpus
uteri, esophagus, larynx, lung (male), multiple myeloma, pancreas, and pros-
tate.

® Native Hawaiians had the highest mortality rates for cancers of the female

breast (all ages combined, and for women age 40 and above), lung (female),
and stomach.

® Whites had the highest mortality rates for cancers of the bladder and ovary.

® Chinese-Americans had the highest mortality rate for cancer of the rectum.

® Blacks had mortality rates that were over three times the rate of whites for
cancer of the esophagus, and more than twice the rate for cancers of the cervix

uteri, multiple myeloma, and prostate.

® Blacks experienced higher age-specific mortality rates for all sites combined
than whites after ages 30-40.

® Mortality rates for colon and rectal cancer for black males and females suggest
that the excess rate experienced by blacks is mainly present in black females.

89
by Primary Site and Racial/Ethnic Group,
Total United States, 1978-81

Table llI-1

Average Annual Age-adjusted

Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000

 

 

 

Native Native
Primary Site Whites* Blacks Japanese Chinese Filipinos Hawaiians ~~ Americans
Allsites 163.6 208.5 104.2 131.5 69.7 200.5 87.4
Bladder 3.9 3.8 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.0
Breast, Female 26.6 26.3 9.9 13.0 8.0 33.0 8.2
Ages <40 1.6 2.5 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.1
Ages 40+ 70.2 68.1 25.2 34.6 20.6 88.7 20.6
Cervix Uteri 3.2 8.8 2.7 2.9 1.6 4.2 5.8
Colon & Rectum 21.6 22.3 17.2 19.3 8.1 15.0 8.6
Colon 18.1 18.8 13.6 15.5 5.8 11.4 6.8
Rectum 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.8 2.3 3.6 1.8
Corpus Uteri 3.9 6.6 3.9 4.3 2.0 3.0 1.8
Esophagus 2.6 9.2 1.9 3.3 1.9 6.5 2.1
Larynx 1.3 2.5 0.2 0.7 0.4 1.4 0.9
Lung, Male 69.3 91.4 32.7 48.2 20.0 88.0 28.0
Lung, Female 20.2 20.1 8.6 21.2 6.8 31.5 8.6
Multiple Myeloma 2.4 5.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.8 1.9
Ovary 8.1 6.4 4.3 4.2 2.8 7.0 3.3
Pancreas 8.4 11.0 7.0 7.4 3.3 10.9 4.5
Prostate 21.0 43.9 8.8 7.5 8.2 11.6 15.5
Stomach 5.3 10.0 17.5 7.8 3.3 25.3 6.2

 

 

* The National Center for Health Statistics from which these data are derived

does not code ethnicity for Hispanics.

90
Figure IlI-1

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000

RATE PER 100,000

for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81
All Sites Combined

1600
1400 +
1200 +
1000 +

800

600

s BLACK
x WH]TE

 

 

 

 

p=
Dept : r T .
D-4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 SO-54 60-64 70-74 BD-B4 BS+
AGL

 

 

91
Figure 11I-2

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

All Sites Combined
Male

2400 T T
+ +
1920 + ——— WHITES +
+ ---- BLACKS $+
= T
+ “+
1440 + +
se T T
<
oy ~+ +4
o
- + +
£5 960 + 4
p —— ——
g | 4
tp =
480+ +
te T
0

 

 

 

 

0- 4710-14'20-24 30-34 40°44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

92
Figure IlI-3

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

All Sites Combined
Female

1400 T -

1120+ ——— WHITES v

+ —--- BLACKS +

+ +4

4 4

840 + 4

Oo +4 “+
o
Oo

8 |

« + +

fi s60 + +

= T

g | 1

+ 4

280+ a8

T T

he 4

 

 

 

 

0- 410-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

93
Figure 111-4

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Bladder
Male

150 t+ -

T Se

T AN

120 + — WHITES +

T -—--- BLACKS +

+ T

T +

90 T +

o + +
Oo
Oo

sg 1 T
Oo

Lal 4 “+

fd 60 T +

tu 1 1

& he -+

30 T +

T T

 

 

 

 

0- 4'10-14'20-24 30-34 40244 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

94
Figure llI-5

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Bladder
Female

S0T A
40+ ———— WHITES +
+ —-—--- BLACKS +
2h i
301 4

RATE PER 100,000
n
o

 

 

 

 

0- 4710-14720-24 30-34 40°44'50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

95
Figure 1lI-6

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Breast
Female

 

200 ~
160 + WHITES ((
+ —---- BLACKS +
—-— +
T T
120 + +

S fe +

cs T T

Oo

i +4 +

i

a 80 -T KA
=+ he
te +
401 T

 

 

 

 

0- 4710-14 20-24 30-34 40°44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

96
Figure lI-7

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Cervix Uteri

40+ ——— WHITES / 1

RATE PER 100,000
n
o

 

 

 

 

0 1 L l 1 1 Ll 1 1 1

0- 4710-14720-24 30-34 40°44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-3485+

97
Figure IlI-8

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Colon
Male

 

WHITES
+ ---- BLACKS

RATE PER 100,000
-
n
©

 

 

 

0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44'50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

 

98
Figure 111-9

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Colon
Female

250 1 —-
T +4
200+ — WHITES T
+ ---- BLACKS 1
-+ RY
150 T +

RATE PER 100,000
-
Oo
Oo

 

 

 

1 1 1 1

0- 4710-14'20-24 30-34 40°44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

 

99
Figure 111-10

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Colon and Rectum
Male

400+ ——— WHITES +
+ ---- BLACKS

RATE PER 100,000
n
o
o

 

-

1051420124 130134 40-44
0 0 0 0-4

 

 

L 1

"50-54 60-64 70-74 80-84 85+

 

100
Figure IlI-11

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Colon and Rectum

 

Female
S00 —_—
T T
4001 WHITES +
+ ---- BLACKS +
-— T
300+ 4

RATE PER 100,000
n
o
o

 

 

 

 

0- 4710714'20-24 30-34 40-44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

101
Figure llI-12

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Corpus Uteri

 

30 7 -
24+ WHITES +
+ ---- BLACKS -
4 +4

RATE PER 100,000
[EY
nN

 

 

 

0- 410-14'20-24 30-34 40°44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485

 

103
Figure 111-13

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

 

Esophagus
Male

100 T T
90T T
80+ WHITES ob
+ ---- BLACKS +
70+ 4
—p- -+
601 T

RATE PER 100,000
a
o

 

 

 

-

0- 4710-14'20-24 30-34 40-44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

 

104
Figure 1lI-14

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Esophagus
Female

SOT —-

40+ ———— WHITES +

+ ---- BLACKS +

30+ 4

S +4 +
S

2 | 1

Ss 1 1

§ 201 +

uw + +
—-

g 1 1

10+ 4

+ 4

 

 

 

 

0- 4710-14'20-24 30-34 40°44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

105
Figure IlI-15

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Larynx
Male

+ +
1 4
20+ ——— WHITES 5
+ ---- BLACKS S$
4 +
15+ 4

RATE PER 100,000
-
Oo

 

 

 

 

0- 4'10-14720-24 30-34 40°44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

106
Figure llI-16

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

 

 

 

 

 

Larynx
Female

4.07 -

—p—- ge

3.24 WHITES 5

+ ---- BLACKS +

i ye

2.44 +

le] 4 -t-
©
<

o T T
Oo

I - +
Gi

a 1 . 6 T +

ET T
CT

(4 te i

ie RA

0 87 +

0 0= 410-1420-24 30-34 40-44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

107
Figure I-17

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Lung
Male

500 T -

=f +

400+ ——— WHITES

+ ---- BLACKS +

300+ 4

Oo + wih
Oo
°

> 4 1
o

-t + +

fi 200 1

ps + +

g 1 1

100 + 4

te 1

tp 4

a te

 

 

 

 

0- 4710-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

108
Figure llI-18

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Lung
Female

100 T v
4 +

4 4
80+ ——— WHITES +
+ ---- BLACKS +
60+ +

RATE PER 100,000
5
o

201

 

 

 

 

0- 4710-14'20-24 30-34 40°44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-84 85+

109
Figure 11-19

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Multiple Myeloma

 

Male
70 T T
4 4
+ WHITES +
/I\
+ =—-—-—-— BLACKS J NOT
4 / 4
/
4 / 4
/
4 / 4
/
o <4 / +4
S !
o 357 4
o
«i 4+ lL
Ww 4 4
g
1 +
+ oe

 

 

 

 

0- 4710-14'20-24 730-34 40-44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

110
Figure 111-20

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Multiple Myeloma

 

Female

50 T+ T

40 + WHITES +

+ —--- BLACKS

30+ 4

o 4 +
oO
S

<1 1
o

«i . te

Bq 1

& | 1

10+ 4

 

 

 

 

0- 4'10-14'20-24'30-34 40°44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

111
Figure 11-21

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Ovary

   

40 + — WHITES +
+ -—---- BLACKS +
= A +
T \ / T
30 1 Y \ T

RATE PER 100,000
n
o

 

 

 

0- 4 10-14 20-24'30-34 40°44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

113
Figure 111-22

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Pancreas
Male

110 1 T

RATE PER 100,000
5
>

 

 

 

 

0- 4710-14720-24 30-34 40-44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

114
Figure 111-23

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Pancreas
Female

 

80 T T
64 + WHITES +

+ ---- BLACKS +4
48 EE +

RATE PER 100,000
Ww
Nn

 

 

 

 

0-4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40°44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

115
Figure llI-24

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Prostate

1000 -
900T 1
800+ — WHITES +

+ ---- BLACKS +
700+ 4
+4 +4
600 + +

RATE PER 100,000
»
o
o

 

 

 

 

0- 4710-14'20-24'30-34 40°44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

117
Figure I1I-25

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Rectum
Male
80 T re
-— te
64+ ——— WHITES +
+ —---- BLACKS iA
4 4
+ +
48 je 4

RATE PER 100,000
w
nN

 

 

 

 

OF 4710-14'20-24 30-34 40°44 50-54 60-64 70-74 "80-84 85+

118
Figure 111-26

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Rectum
Female

 

WHITES
+ —-—--—-- BLACKS

RATE PER 100,000

 

—

0- 410-14'20-24 30-34 40-44 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

 

 

 

119
Figure 111-27

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

Stomach
Male

112+ —— WHITES +
+ =—---- BLACKS +
84 de 4

RATE PER 100,000
wn
a

 

 

 

 

 

0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44'50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

120
Figure 111-28

Age-specific Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000
for Blacks and Whites: 1978-81

 

 

 

 

Stomach
Female

80 T T

RY jn

64+ ——— WHITES +

+ ---- BLACKS +

+ 4

he T

48 + +

Oo + +
o
Oo

oc T T
o

«i + de

Ww + “4
—-

g 1 1

1 +

16 + T

T

-+ 4

te +

0 ttt
0- 4 10-14 20-24 30-34 19544 50-54 60-64 70-74 80-8485+

121
Section IV.

Five-Year Relative
Survival For
Blacks, Whites, And
Other Groups

 
TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION IV. FIVE-YEAR RELATIVE SURVIVAL FOR BLACKS, WHITES, AND OTHER GROUPS

Discussion . ...... LL. eee
Table IV-1. Five-year Relative Survival Rates by Primary Site

and Racial/Ethnic Group, SEER Program, 1973-81 ..........
Five-year Relative Survival Rates by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1973-81
Figure IV-1. All Sites Combined . . .............................
Figure IV-2. Bladder . ................ LL.
Figure IV-3. Breast, Female ..................................
Figure IV-4. Cervix Uteri ...................................
Figure IV-5. Colon ...... ee
Figure IV-6. Colonand Rectum ...............................
Figure IV-7. Corpus Uteri -............. i iiiiiiiinen..
Figure IV-8. Esophagus . ................................ ....
Figure IV-9. Larynx .........
Figure IV-10. Lung and Bronchus ..............................
Figure IV-11. Lung and Bronchus, Male ..........................
Figure IV-12. Lung and Bronchus, Female . . . ......................
Figure IV-13. Multiple Myeloma ...............................
Figure IV-14. Ovary . . o.oo ee
Figure IV-15. Pancreas ................ i
Figure IV-16. Prostate ................... ii.
Figure IV-17. Rectum .....................
Figure IV-18. Stomach .............

125

Page

127

129

130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
Section IV. Five-Year Relative Survival for
Blacks, Whites, and Other Groups

Discussion

This section presents information about the cancer survival patterns of blacks,
whites, and other racial/ethnic groups. The five-year relative survival rates shown
represent the percentage of persons with cancer who will be alive five years
after diagnosis, after adjusting for age, race, and sex mortality differences. This
information comes from the reports of patients first diagnosed within SEER
geographic areas, 1973-81. The term “Anglo” as shown in the bar graphs and
tables in this section refers to non-Hispanic whites.

The first table is a summary of five-year relative survival rates for all sites of
cancer combined. The first figure is a bar graph comparing the average five-year
relative survival rates for cancer, all sites combined, for blacks, whites, and other
groups. This is followed by a series of bar graphs showing five-year relative
survival rates for selected cancer sites for the same groups.

Highlights

® The five-year relative survival rate for all cancer sites combined among
Japanese-Americans was 51 percent, the highest rate among the eight racial/
ethnic groups presented. Whites, or Anglos, had the next highest rate (50
percent). Native Americans had the lowest overall five-year relative survival
rate (34 percent).

® Japanese-Americans had the highest five-year relative survival rates for cancers
of the female breast, colon, rectum, and stomach.

® Chinese-Americans had the highest five-year relative survival rate for cancer
of the lung and bronchus for men.

® Hawaiians had the highest five-year relative survival rate for cancer of the
bronchus for women.

® Blacks had the lowest five-year relative survival rates for cancers of the cervix
uteri, corpus uteri, and esophagus.

® Filipinos had the lowest five-year relative survival rates for cancers of the
colon, and for lung and bronchus in women.

® Native Americans had the lowest five-year relative survival rates for cancers
of the stomach and lung and bronchus for men.

® The lowest five-year relative survival rates among all of the racial/ethnic groups

were for cancers of the pancreas. Only 2-3 percent of persons diagnosed with
pancreatic cancer within each group were alive after five years.

127
 
Table IV-1

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Primary Site and Racial/Ethnic Group,
SEER Program, 1973-81

 

 

 

(percent)
Native Native

Primary Site Anglos® Blacks Hispanics Japanese Chinese Filipinos Hawaiians Americans
All sites 50 38 47 51 44 45 44 34
Bladder 74 50 70 72 74 49! 48 37?
Breast, Female 75 63 72 85 78 72 76 53!
Cervix Uteri 68 63 69 72 72! 72! 73 67!
Colon & Rectum 51 44 46 59 50 41 51 37

Colon 52 46 48 61 53 38 59! 44!

Rectum 49 37 44 55 44 45 42 24
Corpus Uteri 88 57 86 86 87 78! 80 66
Esophagus 5 3 — — 1 — —_— —
Larynx 67 59 60' 75! 67 572 79 _—
Lung & Bronchus 12 11 11 14 15 12 16 5

Male 11 10 9 13 15 12 13 2

Female 16 14 15 17 15 11 24 —_
Multiple Myeloma 24 27 21 30! 24 29! 26 —_
Ovary 37 39 41 41 42! 52! 36! 43!
Pancreas 3 3 2 3 3 2 —_ —
Prostate 69 59 71 76 76' 73 85! 47
Stomach 14 15 16 28 16 16 14 9

 

 

! Standard error between 5 & 10%.
2 Standard error 10%.

* Caucasians not of Hispanic origin or surname.

129
Figure IV-1

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1973-81
(percent)

All Sites Combined

Japanese
Ando
Hispanic
Filipino
Chinese
Hawaiian
Black

Native Amer.

 

130
Figure 1V-2

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1973-81
(percent)

Bladder

i]

Hispanic

Filipino

Native Amer.

 

131
Figure IV-3

Five-year Relative Survival Rates

by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1973-81
(percent)

Breast, Female

Japanese
Chinese
Hawaiian
Ando

Filipino
Hispanic
Black

Native Amer.

 

132
Figure IV-4

Five-year Relative Survival Rates

by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1973-81
(percent)

Cervix Uteri

Hawailon
Chinese
Filipino
Japanese
Hispanic
Anglo

Native Amer.
Black

 

133
Figure IV-5

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1973-81
(percent)

Colon

Japanese
Hawaiian

Chinese
Anglo
Hispanic
Black

Native Amer.
Filipino

 

134
Figure IV-6

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1973-81

(percent)

Colon and Rectum

Japanese
Anglo
Hawaiian
Chinese
Hispanic
Black

Filipino
Native Amer.

 

135
Figure IV-7

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1973-81
(percent)

Corpus Uteri

HAWAIAN

NATIVE AMER.

 

136
Figure IV-8

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1973-81
(percent)

Esophagus

Chinese 11
Ango 15
Black

137
Figure IV-9

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1973-81
(percent)

Larynx

Hawaiian
Japanese
Chinese
Anglo
Hispanic
Black
Filipino

 

138
Figure IV-10

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1973-81
(percent)

Lung and Bronchus

Hawailon
Chinese
Japanese
Ando
Fillpino
Hispanic
Black

Native Amer. 15)

    

139
Figure IV-11

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1973-81
(percent)

Lung and Bronchus, Male

Chinese
Japanese
Hawaiian
Filipino
Ango
Black

 

Hispanic
Native Amer. 2]

140
Figure IV-12

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1973-81
(percent)

Lung and Bronchus, Female

Hawalian
Japanese
Anglo
Chinese

Hispanic
Black

[16
15)
[15]

(M

 

Filipino 11]

141
Figure IV-13

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1973-81
(percent)

Multiple Myeloma

Filipino

i

Hawaiian

30
29
27]
26]
(24)
(24)

21

 

if:

142
~ Figure IV-14

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1973-81
(percent)

Ovary

 

143
Figure IV-15

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1973-81
(percent)

Pancreas

Japanese
Chinese
Ando
Hispanic
Filipino

 

144
Figure IV-16

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1973-81
(percent)

Prostate

Hawaiian
Chinese
Japanese
Filipino
Hispanic
Ango

Black

Native Amer.

 

145
Figure IV-17

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1973-81
(percent)

Rectum

Japanese
Anglo
Filipino
Chinese
Hispanic
Hawaiian
Black

Native Amer.

 

146
Figure IV-18

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Racial/Ethnic Group: 1973-81
(percent)

Stomach

Japanese
Hispanic
Chinese
Filipino
Black
Anglo
Hawaiian

Native Amer.

 

147
Section V.
Survival Trends:

Relative Survival By Successive
Number Of Years After Diagnosis,
1973-75 And 1976-81,

For Blacks And Whites

 
   
TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION V. SURVIVAL TRENDS: RELATIVE SURVIVAL BY SUCCESSIVE NUMBER OF YEARS
AFTER DIAGNOSIS AND YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS, 1973-75 AND 1976-81,
FOR BLACKS AND WHITES Page

DISCUSSION «© oo te ee ee ee 153

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

Figure V-1. All Sites Combined, Black .......................... 154
Figure V-2. All Sites Combined, White . . ........................ 155
Figure V-3. Bladder, Black . ....... ee 156
Figure V-4. Bladder, White . . .................... 157
Figure V-5. Breast, Black Female .............................. 158
Figure V-6. Breast, White Female ............................. 159
Figure V-7. Cervix Uteri, Black ............................... 160
Figure V-8. Cervix Uteri, White .............................. 161
Figure V-9. Colon, Black . .. «oui i i 162
Figure V-10. Colon, White . ......... iii. 163
Figure V-11. Colonand Rectum, Black . . . ........ i... 164
Figure V-12. Colon and Rectum, White ............... uu... 165
Figure V-13. Corpus Uteri, Black . ............................. 166
Figure V-14. Corpus Uteri, White . . ............................ 167
Figure V-15. Esophagus, Black ................................ 168
Figure V-16. Esophagus, White ............................... 169
Figure V-17. Larynx, Black . ................. 170
Figure V-18. Larynx, White .................................. 171
Figure V-19. Lung and Bronchus, Black Male ...................... 172
Figure V-20. Lung and Bronchus, White Male ..................... 173
Figure V-21. Lung and Bronchus, Black Female .................... 174
Figure V-22. Lung and Bronchus, White Female .................... 175
Figure V-23. Multiple Myeloma, Black ........................... 176
Figure V-24. Multiple Myeloma, White .......................... 177
Figure V-25. Ovary, Black ............... i iiiin.. 178
Figure V-26. Ovary, White . . ................ i. 179
Figure V-27. Pancreas, Black . ...... 180
Figure V-28. Pancreas, White . ................................ 181
Figure V-29. Prostate, Black . ...................... 182
Figure V-30. Prostate, White . . ........ i. 183
Figure V-31. Rectum, Black ................. iii... 184
Figure V-32. Rectum, White . . ................................ 185
Figure V-33. Stomach, Black . . .............. 186
Figure V-34. Stomach, White ................................. 187

151
Section V. Survival Trends: Relative Survival by
Successive Number of Years After Diagnosis and
Year of Diagnosis, 1973-75 and 1976-81,
for Blacks and Whites

Discussion

In this section relative cancer survival rates for blacks and whites are presented
by the number of years after a diagnosis of cancer is made. These rates cover
two time periods, 1973-75 and 1976-81. The data are derived from SEER reports.

This section contains a set of line graphs comparing survival patterns for primary
cancer sites from two time periods. Black and white survival patterns are shown
on separate graphs. The first two graphs present overall cancer survival patterns
for blacks and whites. These are followed by a series of graphs showing black
and white patterns for primary cancer sites.

Highlights

® The overall cancer survival pattern for blacks was virtually unchanged from
1973-75 to 1976-81. Blacks experienced similar survival rates each year after
diagnosis for the two time periods. Whites, however, had slightly higher
survival rates in 1976-81 than in 1973-75 for each year after diagnosis.

® Blacks experienced some increase in cancer survival from 1973-75 to 1976-81

for cancers of the bladder, esophagus, colon, lung and bronchus (female),
ovary, prostate, rectum, and stomach.

153
Figure V-1

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

(percent)

All Sites Combined
Black

100 -{ 100

80 -1 80

40 -1 40

SURVIVAL RATE (Z%)

20 4 -1 20

oa 1973-75

o-e-6 1976-81

 

 

10 4 10
T T T Y T

on

0 1 2 3 4 S

 

YERRS RAFTER DIRGNOSIS

154
Figure V-2

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81
(percent)

All Sites Combined

 

 

 

 

°
White
100 -100
80 + - 80
—
™N f=
— —f
wi
— 40 + «4 40
ac
a<
J
xc
>
—
=
= 20 - - 20
wv
ee 1973-7S
eae 1976-81
10 - 10
T 1 1 1 T I
0 1 2 3 4 S

YERRS RFTER DIAGNOSIS

155
Figure V-3

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,

SEER Program: 1973-81
(percent)

Bladder
Black

TS I.

40 — - 40

SURVIVAL RATE (%)

20 — i} 20
aa 1973-75
eo-a-e 1976-81

 

 

 

T T T Tr v
0 1 2 3 4 S

YERRS RFTER DIRGNOSIS

156
Figure V-4

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

(percent)

Bladder
White

100 - 100
80 + - 80

40

>»

o

1
1

SURVIVAL RATE (%)

20

nN
o
i
A

ove 1973-785
o-oo 1976-81

 

 

10 +

 

0 2 3 ‘ s
YEARS AFTER DIAGNOSIS

157
Figure V-5

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

Breast
Black, Female

100 - 100
80 - 80

o—

N

~—

w

— 4D - «0
a

14

J

ac

>

—

=

2 20 J 2
wn

es 1973-75
o-o-8 1976-81

 

 

 

T T T T T —
0 1 2 3 4 S

YERRS RFTER DIRGNOSIS

158
Figure V-6

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

(percent)

Breast
White, Female

100 —P— — 100

80 ——— - 80

40 — —- 40

20 -1 20

SURVIVAL RATE (Z%Z)

aa 1973-75
o—-a—8 1976-81

 

 

 

10 Hy I I I T
0 1 2 3 4

YERRS RFTER DIRGNOSIS

“1

159
Figure V-7

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

(percent)

Cervix Uteri

 

Black
100 -{ 100
80— - 80
A pn — _——
—
~N
ht
Ww
— 40 - 40
ac
x
pu |
ac
>
—
x
a 20 - 20
—o—s 1973-75
8—e-8 1976-81
10 + - 10

 

 

 

T T T T T T
0 1 2 3 4 S

YERRS RFTER DIAGNOSIS

160
Figure V-8

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

(percent)

Cervix Uteri
White

T— I

40 <1 40

SURVIVAL RATE (ZX)

>a 1973-7S
o-oo 1976-81

 

 

10 RS v v . - . - 10
0 1 2 3 4 S
YERRS RAFTER DIAGNOSIS

 

161
Figure V-9

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

 

 

 

(percent)
Colon
Black

100 -{ 100

80 - 80
~
Ww
- 40 — - 40
c
[- 4
-
ac
>
>
s
o 20 — - 20

——a 1973-75
6-0 1976-81
10 = r , : : . - 10
0 1 2 3 4 3

YERRS RFTER DIRGNOSIS

162
Figure V-10

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

 

 

 

(percent)
Colon
White
100 = 100
80 - 80
~
Ww
= 40 + = 40
a
pu |
[= o
>
=
eg 20 +
® «4 20
oe 1973-78
o-o-8 1976-81
10 + . . ’ . . - 10
0 1 2 3 4 S

YERRS RAFTER DIAGNOSIS

163
Figure V-11

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

(percent)

Colon and Rectum
Black

100 - 100

80 — — 80

40 : - 40

SURVIVAL RATE (%)

20 — -1 20

—o—a 1973-75
e-a-8 1976-81

 

 

10 = 10
T T 1 v LJ Ll
0 1 2 3 4 S

YERRS RFTER DIRGNOSIS

 

164
Figure V-12

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

 

 

(percent)
Colon and Rectum
White
100 =1100
80 4 4 80
~
“0A 4 «w
x
a
-d
x
>
>
x=
a 201 4 20
oe 1973-78
0 1276-01
1 | | | | SE
0 1 2 3 4 8

 

YEARS RAFTER DIAGNOSIS

165
Figure V-13

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

 

 

 

 

(percent)
Corpus Uteri
Black
100 $ =| 100
80 - 80
N
= eo0- 4 «
a
ac
g
>
z
a 20 1 20
—a—a 1973-75
o-a-8 1876-81
10 . . : . — 10
0 1 2 3 4 S

YERRS RFTER DIRGNOSIS

NOTE: BLACK FEMALES

166
Figure V-14

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

 

 

 

 

(percent)
Corpus Uteri
White
00 ooo ~ 100
—— ——— =p —a
80 A —~ 80
~
w
= 40 -1 40
[+4
|
@
>
>
oc
a 201 4 20
aa 1973-75
e-e-a 1976-81
10 4 1 10

 

 

 

0 2 3 ‘ 5
YERRS AFTER DIAGNOSIS

167
Figure V-15

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81
(percent)

Esophagus
Black

100
80 +

1

40

20 +

     
 

—o—a 1973-75

o-6-6 1976-61
10

SURVIVAL RATE (7%)

 

 

 

YERRS RFTER DIRGNOSIS

168
Figure V-16

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

(percent)

Esophagus
White

100
80 A

=1100
80

40 +

20 +

 

SURVIVAL RATE (%)

>a 1973-75
o-a-e 1976-81

 

 

 

0 ! 2 3 ‘ 5
YEARS AFTER DIAGNOSIS

169
Figure V-17

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

(percent)
Larynx
Black
100 =1100
80+ -1 80
~
Wi
= 40 -] 40
oc
od
ac
>
>
ox
a 01 - 20
os 1973-75
e-e-8 1976-81
104 . . : : . 410

 

 

 

0 1 2 3 4 S

YERRS RFTER DIRGNDSIS

170
Figure V-18

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

 

 

 

(percent)
Larynx
White
100 — 100
80 + —~ 80
~
- 40 - ~ 40
xc
a
J
=o
>
>
jo =
D 20 - - 20
wn ew 1973-75
o-a-8 1976-81
10 1, I ' T v I - 10
0 1 2 3 4 $

YERRS AFTER DIAGNOSIS

171
Figure V-19

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

(percent)

Lung and Bronchus
Black Male

40 —

   

SURYIVAL RATE (Z)

20 +
a 1973-75

o-o-8 1976-81

  

 

 

 

YERRS RFTER DIRCGNOSIS

172
Figure V-20

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

(percent)

Lung and Bronchus
White Male

100 = 100

80 -

40 +

     

SURVIVAL RATE (Z%Z)

20 +
be 1973-75
o-e-e 1976-81

 

 

10
T

 

YEARS RAFTER DIAGNOSIS

173
Figure V-21

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,

SURYIVAL RATE (%)

~
o
A

~
o
1

 

SEER Program: 1973-81
(percent)

Lung and Bronchus
Black Female

  
   

—a—e 1973-75

e—-6-8 1576-81

  

< 100

 

 

YERRS RFTER DIRGNDSIS

174
Figure V-22

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

(percent)

Lung and Bronchus
White Female

100 =4100

80 -

40 -

     

os 1973-78
o-e-e 1976-81

SURVIVAL RATE (Z)

 

 

10 + 310
T v Vv

 

YERRS RAFTER DIAGNOSIS

175
Figure V-23

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

(percent)

Multiple Myeloma

 

 

 

Black

100 - 100

80 — - 80
——
~N
Ww
bo 40 -1 40
ac
oa
pu |
ac
>
iy
>
[« 4
2 20 — -1 20

ta 1973-75
o-e-8 1976-81
10 J = 10
T T T T ov T
0 1 2 3 4 Ss

YERRS RFTER DIRGNOSIS

176
Figure V-24

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years

SURVIVAL RATE (Z%Z)

40 +

10 -

 

After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,

SEER Program: 1973-81
(percent)

Multiple Myeloma
White

ota 1973-78
o-o-8 1976-81

- 100

4 10

 

 

an

T 1 ' T
0 1 2 3 4

YERRS RFTER DIAGNOSIS

177
Figure V-25

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

 

 

 

(percent)
Ovary
Black
100 -4 300
80 4 - 80
=
— 40 -1 40
oc
a
-
x
>
>
«© —
a 20 20
oa 1973-75
o-e-8 1976-81
10 . T . : . - 10
0 1 2 3 4 5

YERRS RFTER DIRGNOSIS

178
Figure V-26

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

(percent)
Ovary
White
100 ={ 100
80 1 80
~
w
= 40 4 -1 40
oc
J
a
>
>
oc
a 20 4 20
—a—a 1973-75
eee 1376-81
10 + 310

 

 

 

¥ T v v

T
0 1 2 3 4 S

YERRS RAFTER DIAGNOSIS

«4

179
Figure V-27

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

     
 

(percent)
Pancreas
Black
100 - 100
80 - 80
40 + - 40
=
= 204 4 20
w
[« o
oc
a 10 + as 1973-75 -1 10
g | I 8-6-8 1976-81 = 0
>
o
a 1 14
2? ha 2
lq . = 1

 

 

 

on 4

AJ v v
0 1 2 3 4

YERRS RFTER DIRGNOSIS

180
Figure V-28

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81
(percent)

Pancreas
White

100 100

40 4

20 4

SURVIVAL RATE (%)

 

ta 1973-78
o-a-0 1976-01

 

 

 

0 1 2 3 ‘ 5
YEARS AFTER DIAGNOSIS

181
Figure V-29

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

 

 

 

(percent)
Prostate
Black

100 -4300

80 - 80
<
he 40 - 40
a
o<
-
c
>
>
oc
> 20 —{ 20
wv

oa 1973-75
o-e-0 1976-81
10 v ' . — , - 10
0 1 2 3 4 S

YERRS RFTER DIRGNOSIS

182
Figure V-30

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

(percent)

Prostate
White

100 - 100
80 + < 80

40 4 - 40

SURVIVAL RATE (%)

20 4 «4 20

oa 1973-75
o-o-e 1976-81

 

 

10 <4 10
T T T Y T

Tv

0 1 2 3 4 S

YERRS RFTER DIAGNOSIS

 

183
Figure V-31

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

 

 

 

(percent)
Rectum
Black
100 - 100
80 - 80
~
Ww
— 40 -1 40
<c
oc
-d
x
>
>
ox
a 20 - 20
ba 1973-75
o-e-0 1976-81
10 pt r v . - . - 10

0 1 2 3 4 S

YERRS RFTER DIAGNOSIS

184
Figure V-32

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

 

 

 

(percent)
Rectum
White
100 “1100
80 + -1 80
S
w
< 40 - i 40
-
x
>
>
[+ 4
=
vw 20 - <4 20
oe 1973-78
o-o-e 1376-81
10 1 T r ' ' r - 10
0 1 2 3 4 S

YEARS AFTER DIAGNOSIS

185
Figure V-33

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

     
 

(percent)
Stomach
Black
100 4 100
80 - 80
~
Ww
= 40 -1 40
oe eas 1973-75
= eee 1976-81
>
>
oa
2 20 4 4 20
10 + . : <4 10

 

 

 

-

1 I v

0 1 2 3 4 S

YERRS RFTER DIRGNOSIS

186
Figure V-34

Relative Survival Rates by Successive Number of Years
After Diagnosis and Year of Diagnosis,
SEER Program: 1973-81

(percent)

Stomach
White

100 = 100

40 +

   
 

oe 1973-75

  

o-o-e 1976-81

SURVIVAL RATE (7%)

20 +

 

 

10 3 10
T T T T T

0 1 2 3 ‘ S
YEARS AFTER DIAGNOSIS

NOTE: WHITE MALES & FEMALES

 

187
Section VI.
Five-Year Relative Survival
By Stage Of Cancer
At Diagnosis For

Blacks And Whites

 
    
TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION VI. FIVE-YEAR RELATIVE SURVIVAL BY STAGE OF CANCER AT DIAGNOSIS
FOR BLACKS AND WHITES Page

DISCUSSION  . . . ot te 193

Five-year Relative Survival Rates by Cancer Stage at Diagnosis: 1977-81

Figure VI-1. Bladder . ........ oi 195
Figure VI-2. Breast, Female ........................ ... ... .... 196
Figure VI-3. Cervix Uteri  .......... iii. 197
Figure VI-4. COlON ov vite 198
Figure VI-5. Colonand Rectum ............................... 199
Figure VI-6. Corpus Uteri ................ iii. 200
Figure VI-7. Esophagus (whiteonly) . ........................... 201
Figure VI-8. LUNG «ott et 202
Figure VI-9. Melanoma (whiteonly) ............................ 203
Figure VI-10. OVAry . oot 204
Figure VI-11. Prostate ............ 205
Figure VI-12. Rectum ........... 206
Figure VI-13. Stomach ............... 207

191
Section VI. Five-Year Relative Survival by Stage of
Cancer at Diagnosis for Blacks and Whites
Discussion

The detailed classification of patients by stage of disease at diagnosis has been
available in a consistent, comparable manner through SEER only since 1977. The
classification of stage or extent of disease at diagnosis used in SEER is compatible
with that developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer. Generally,
the more advanced or higher stages of disease have poorer survival than the
less advanced or lower stages. Since earlier stages of disease data (before 1977)
are not comparable, it is not possible to assess changes in stage distributions
over time. Thus, the data presented in this section are derived entirely from SEER.

The data presented here compare five-year relative survival rates between white
and black patients within stage of disease categories for each primary site. For
many sites the number of black patients are too small in specific stage categories
to draw meaningful conclusions. For several sites, however, even though the
survival rates for white patients are signficantly higher than those for black
patients for all stages combined, survival differences tend to disappear within
individual stage categories. This is because cancer is generally detected at more
favorable stages of disease among white patients.

The figures in this section are a set of bar graphs which compare black and white
five-year relative survival rates for various stages of disease for primary cancer
sites. Survival data by stage of disease for cancers of the esophagus and melanoma
were available for whites only. Due to data collection procedures, information
about female breast cancer has been available since 1975 and is presented in
Figure VI-2.

Highlights

® The difference in survival for breast cancers between white and black patients
was large and statistically significant (75 percent vs. 63 percent), but this was
accounted for primarily by those who presented for diagnosis with lymph
node involvement or direct extension of the tumor to adjacent tissue (Stage
IIB).

® For cancer of the corpus uteri, the site with the greatest difference in survival
between black and white patients, there was a large, statistically significant
difference between blacks and whites even for Stage I disease (92 percent vs.
75 percent respectively). The numbers of black patients were too small to draw
meaningful conclusions for the other stages.

® Black patients had a slightly higher survival rate for cancer of the ovary than

did white patients. This was true not only for all stages combined but also
for each stage of disease at diagnosis.

193
Figure VI-1

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Cancer Stage At Diagnosis: 1977-81

(percent)

Bladder

 
  

LOCALIZED NOS SAA NNN
Stree 11 DIR

    
  

STAGE |

STAGE IV NNN hE
WHITES

nonin AR SA NNN mm BLACKS
¥ sample

too small

 

© 10 a 3% 4 se 0 8 9% 100
SURVIVAL RATE (%)

195
Figure VI-2

Five-year Relative Survival Rates

by Cancer Stage At Diagnosis: 1975-81

ALL STAGES
<2 CM, N-
2-4.9 CM, N-
<2 CH, N+
S+ CH, N-
2-4.9 CH, N+
5+ CH, N+
STAGE [11B
DISTANT

UNKNOWN

(percent)

Breast, Female

hi Aiki 73

hh SL a UF
a A Sn [&)

A 65]
i SL 79

oa
A a ye 3]

Gaia a ine

 

ANN WY] RACE
13) WHITES
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 70 ® 90 100

SURVIVAL RATE (4)

196
Figure VI-3

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Cancer Stage At Diagnosis: 1977-81

(percent)

Cervix Uteri

ALL STAGES SL

   
 
   

STAGE [1 SL)

m2 111 A
37

   
 

  

STAGE IV SCE
NHITES

UNKNOWN Sa BE BLACKS

    
 

 

oO 10 2 3 «© Se 70 6 9% 100
SURVIVAL RATE (%)

197
Figure Vi-4

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Cancer Stage At Diagnosis: 1977-81

(percent)

Colon

 
  
 
   

ALL STAGES SA 53)

  

STREE 1
70

STAGE 111

 

STAGE IV
RACE
WHITES
UNKNOWN @l BLACKS
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 > A 50

SURVIVAL RATE (4)

198
Figure VI-5
Five-year Relative Survival Rates

by Cancer Stage At Diagnosis: 1977-81
(percent)

Colon and Rectum

ALL STAGES a

STAGE |

STAGE [1

 

STAGE 111
STAGE 1V pea
RACE
NHITES
UNKNOWN El BLACKS
10 2 30 40 s0 80 70 0 9% 100

 

SURVIVAL RATE (7)

199
Figure VI-6

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Cancer Stage At Diagnosis: 1977-81

(percent)

Corpus Uteri

ALL STAGES AL

 
 
  

STRGE I Ll
75
STAGE 11 Ld

STAGE [IV NAF ACE
on N00) IE BLACKS

* eample
too small

 

0 0 20 30 0 50 0 70 80 90 100
SURVIVAL RATE (4)

200
Figure VI-7

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Cancer Stage At Diagnosis: 1977-81

(percent)

Esophagus
(White only)

ALL STAGES
STREE |
stage 11 N10]
STAGE 111

STRABE IV

UNKNOWN

 

1 1 1 1 I 1 1

30 40 50 mo 70 0 9% 100
SURVIVAL RATE (%)

 

201
Figure VI-8

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Cancer Stage At Diagnosis: 1977-81
(percent)

Lung

ee
ALL STAGES a

STAGE I
STAGE II

STAGE 111

RACE
NHITES

LRIEHORN El BLACKS

* somple
too small

 

1 T T v '

SURVIVAL RATE (%)

 

202
Figure VI-9

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Cancer Stage At Diagnosis: 1977-81

(percent)

Melanoma
(White only)

 
  
   

ALL STAGES

UIE]
ARERR E]

   

STAGE

STREE [1

STAGE [11

 

UNKNOWN NNN NN

 

 

0 10 2 0 40 50 50 70 80 9% 100
SURVIVAL RATE (4)

203
Figure VI-10

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Cancer Stage At Diagnosis: 1977-81

(percent)

Ovary

ALL STAGES Aw
STAGE | RRR
STAGE 11 NANNY

 
   
 

  

RACE
WHITES
BE BLACKS

NWR
N

 

0 10 20 30 10 50 80 70 80 90 100
SURVIVAL RATE (Z)

204
Figure VI-11

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Cancer Stage At Diagnosis: 1977-81

(percent)

Prostate

ALL STAGES a

STAGE IV
RACE
WHITES
UNKNOWN BE BLACKS

 

 

SURVIVAL RATE (4)

205
Figure VI-12

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Cancer Stage At Diagnosis: 1977-81

(percent)

Rectum

 
      

ALL STAGES LLL

STAGE IV Dlr "i
WHITES
UNKNOKN BE BLACKS

 

SURVIVAL RATE (%)

206
Figure VI-13

Five-year Relative Survival Rates
by Cancer Stage At Diagnosis: 1977-81

(percent)

Stomach

ALL STAGES

     

STAREE 11
STAGE 111

STAGE IV § RACE

NHITES

UNKNOWN D EWE BLACKS

 

 

7 T T T T T T T T 1
0 Lo a0 30 40 50 60 70 eo 90 100

SURVIVAL RATE (X)

207
Section VII.
Distribution Of
Histologic Types Of

Cancer For
Blacks And Whites

 
                    
TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION VII. DISTRIBUTION OF HISTOLOGIC TYPES OF CANCER FOR BLACKS AND WHITES Page
DISCUSSION  . . . 213

Percent Distribution of Cases by Histologic Type of Cancer for Blacks and Whites, SEER
Program, 1978-81

Table VII-1. All Sites Combined . . . ............ iii 215
Table VII-2. Bladder . .......... 216
Table VII-3. Breast, Female .................................. 217
Table VII-4. Breast, Female <40 years of age ...................... 218
Table VII-5. Breast, Female 40+ yearsofage ...................... 219
Table VII-6. Cervix Uteri .................... iin... 220
Table VII-7. Colon «oo 221
Table VII-8. Colonand Rectum ................... 0 uiueun... 222
Table VII-9. Corpus Uteri ..................... i... 223
Table VII-10 Esophagus . ................ 224
Table VII-11 Larynx ....... 225
Table VII-12 Lung, Male ...........iii i 226
Table VII-13. Lung, Female . . ................................. 227
Table VII-14. OVATY © tite ee 228
Table VII-15. Pancreas . ........... i 229
Table VII-16. Prostate . ......... i 230
Table VII-17. Rectum ........... 231
Table VII-18. Stomach . .... iii 232

211
Section VII. Distribution of Histologic Types of
Cancer for Blacks and Whites

Discussion

Information on the histologic distributions of cancer for selected cancer sites is
presented in this section. Certain histologic types of cancer have been associated
with favorable or poor survival prognosis. For example, more histologically aggres-
sive or less differentiated cancers, such as sarcomas, have poorer survival than
well-differentiated adenocarcinomas. Differences in the survival rates observed
between blacks and whites for various cancer sites may be explained in part by
differences in the distributions of histologic types. Therefore, histologic distribu-
tions may be used as a proxy measure of biologic differences in cancer between
blacks and whites.

A set of 18 tables are presented in this section showing the percent of histolog-
ically confirmed tumors and percentage distributions of histologic types of can-
cers for selected sites for blacks and whites.

Highlights
® Except for cancer of the pancreas, histologic confirmation of tumor types for
both blacks and whites generally exceeds 90 percent.

® For cancers of the bladder and corpus uteri, blacks experience significantly

lower survival rates than whites and have higher distributions of more aggres-
sive histologic types of cancer.

213
 

 
Table VII-1

Percent Distribution of Cases by Histologic Type of

Cancer for Blacks and Whites

SEER Program, 1978-81
All Sites Combined

 

 

Number of Cases and Histologic Type

Total number of cancer cases

Number and Percent of cases
microscopically confirmed

Adenocarcinoma, NOS
Squamous cell carcinoma
Carcinoma, NOS

Duct carcinoma
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Leukemia

Papillary adenocarcinoma
All Others

Whites
522,065

491,263 (94.1%)

39.2%
11.3
5.3
5.0
4.8
4.3
3.8
26.3

100.0%

 

Blacks
46,800

43,898 (93.8%)

39.1%
19.3
6.6
4.0
3.0
3.8
3.2
21.0

100.0%

 

 

 

NOS = Not otherwise specified

215
Table VII-2

Percent Distribution of Cases by Histologic Type of
Cancer for Blacks and Whites
SEER Program, 1978-81

 

 

 

Bladder

Number of Cases and Histologic Type Whites Blacks
Total number of cancer cases 12,018 520
Number and Percent of cases

microscopically confirmed 11,826 (98.4%) 508 (97.7%)
Carcinoma, NOS 1.8% 3.9%
Papillary adenocarcinoma 3.6 1.6
Squamous cell carcinoma 2.1 9.1
Transitional cell 36.0 41.4
Papillary transitional cell 54.5 36.2
All Others 2.0 7.9

 

 

100.0% 100.0%

 

NOS = Not otherwise specified

216
Table VII-3

Percent Distribution of Cases by Histologic Type of

Cancer for Blacks and Whites

SEER Program, 1978-81

Breast, Female

 

 

Number of Cases and Histologic Type

Whites

Blacks

 

Total number of cancer cases

Number and Percent of cases
microscopically confirmed

Carcinoma, NOS

Papillary adenocarcinoma
Mucinous adenocarcinoma
Duct adenocarcinoma
Medullary carcinoma cell
Lobular carcinoma

Paget's disease
All Others

35,220

34,375 (97.6%)

3.5%
10.3
2.2
69.5
3.0
8.3
1.2
2.0

100.0%

 

2,648

2,571 (97.1%)

3.9%
11.5
2.3
65.2
6.8
5.7
1.3
3.3

100.0%

 

 

 

NOS = Not otherwise specified

217
Table VIi-4

Percent Distribution of Cases by Histologic Type of
Cancer for Blacks and Whites
SEER Program, 1978-81

Breast, Female <40 years of age

 

 

 

 

 

Number of Cases and Histologic Type Whites Blacks
Total number of cancer cases 2,358 382
Number and Percent of cases
microscopically confirmed 2,351 (99.7%) 380 (99.5%)
Duct adenocarcinoma 70.1% 65.2%
Medullary carcinoma 8.4 13.9
Adenocarcinoma, NOS 7.3 7.8
Lobular carcinoma 7.0 3.7
Carcinoma, NOS 3.4 3.9
All Others 3.8 5.5
100.0% 100.0%

 

 

NOS = Not otherwise specified

218
Table VII-5

Percent Distribution of Cases by Histologic Type of

Cancer for Blacks and Whites
SEER Program, 1978-81

Breast, Female 40 + years of age

 

 

Number of Cases and Histologic Type

Total number of cancer cases

Number and Percent of cases
microscopically confirmed

Duct adenocarinoma
Adenocarcinoma, NOS
Lobular carcinoma
Carcinoma, NOS
Medullary carcinoma cell
Mucinous adenocarcinoma
All Others

Whites
32,247

31,409 (97.4%)

69.4%
10.6
8.3
3.5
2.6
2.3
3.3

100.0%

 

Blacks
2,216

2,143 (96.7%)

65.1%
12.4
6.0
3.9
5.5
2.4
4.7

100.0%

 

 

 

NOS = Not otherwise specified

219
Table VII-6

Percent Distribution of Cases by Histologic Type of
Cancer for Blacks and Whites

SEER Program, 1978-81

Cervix Uteri

 

 

 

 

 

Number of Cases and Histologic Type Whites Blacks

Total number of cancer cases 3,604 780

Number and Percent of cases

microscopically confirmed 3,532 (98.0%) 766 (98.2%)

Squamous cell carcinoma 76.6% 80.8%

Adenocarcinoma, NOS 8.8 3.8

Carcinoma, NOS 7.1 9.1

Adenosquamous carcinoma 2.3 1.7

All Others 5.2 4.6
100.0% 100.0%

 

 

NOS = Not otherwise specified

220
Table VII-7

Percent Distribution of Cases by Histologic Type of

Cancer for Blacks and Whites
SEER Program, 1978-81

Colon

 

 

Number of Cases and Histologic Type

Whites

Blacks

 

Total number of cancer cases

Number and Percent of cases
microscopically confirmed

Adenocarcinoma, NOS
Mucinous Adenocarcinoma
Papillary/villous adenocarcinoma
Carcinoma, NOS

All Others

27,196

25,564 (94.0%)

80.0%
10.0
6.3
2.3
1.4

100.0%

 

2,263

2,118 (93.6%)

78.2%
10.3
7.6
1.8
2.1

100.0%

 

 

 

NOS = Not otherwise specified

221
Table VII-8

Percent Distribution of Cases by Histologic Type of

Cancer for Blacks and Whites

SEER Program, 1978-81

Colon and Rectum

 

 

Number of Cases and Histologic Type

Whites

Blacks

 

Total number of cancer cases

Number and Percent of cases
microscopically confirmed

Adenocarcinoma, NOS
Mucinous adenocarcinoma
Papillary/villous adenocarcinoma
Carcinoma, NOS

All Others

38,816

36,798 (94.8%)

80.3%
8.7
7.4
2.0
1.6

100.0%

2,970

2,801 (94.3%)

77.4%
9.7
8.4
1.8
2.7

100.0%

 

 

NOS = Not otherwise specified

222
Table VII-9

Percent Distribution of Cases by Histologic Type of
Cancer for Blacks and Whites
SEER Program, 1978-81

Corpus Uteri

 

 

Number of Cases and Histologic Type Whites Blacks

 

Total number of cancer cases 10,323 475

Number and Percent of cases

microscopically confirmed 10,261 (99.4%) 470 (98.9%)

 

 

Carcinoma, NOS 2.1% 1.9%
Papillary adenocarcinoma 6.6 14.0
Adenocarcinoma, NOS 73.4 52.8
Adenosquamous carcinoma 10.8 8.7
Mullerian mixec tumor 1.9 7.0
Leiomyosarcoma 1.2 6.0
All Others 4.0 9.6
100.0% 100.0%

 

 

NOS = Not otherwise specified

223
Table VII-10

Percent Distribution of Cases by Histologic Type of

Cancer for Blacks and Whites
SEER Program, 1978-81

 

 

 

 

Esophagus
Number of Cases and Histologic Type Whites Blacks
Total number of cancer cases 2,262 734
Number and Percent of cases
microscopically confirmed 2,099 (92.8%) 708 (96.5%)

Squamous cell carcinoma 72.8% 91.1%
Adenocarcinoma, NOS 16.6 1.1
Carcinoma, NOS 6.1 5.8
All Others 4.5 2.0

100.0% 100.0%

 

 

NOS = Not otherwise specified

224
Table VII-11

Percent Distribution of Cases by Histologic Type of

Cancer for Blacks and Whites
SEER Program, 1978-81

Larynx

 

 

Number of Cases and Histologic Type

Whites

Blacks

 

Total number of cancer cases

Number and Percent of cases
microscopically confirmed

Squamous cell carcinoma
Papillary/villous adenocarcinoma
Carcinoma, NOS

All Others

3,452

3,390 (98.2%)

94.9%
2.2
1.4
1.5

100.0%

 

424

417 (98.4%)

96.9%
1.0
1.7
0.4

100.0%

 

 

 

NOS = Not otherwise specified

225
Cancer for Blacks and Whites

Table ViI-12

Percent Distribution of Cases by Histologic Type of

SEER Program, 1978-81

Lung, Male

 

 

Number of Cases and Histologic Type

Whites

Blacks

 

Total number of cancer cases

Number and Percent of cases
microscopically confirmed

Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma, NOS
Carcinoma, NOS
Small/oat cell carcinoma

Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma
All Others

26,716

24,125 (90.3%)

35.9%
19.7
18.8
16.9
2.4
6.3

100.0%

 

3,276

3,034 (92.6%)

41.1%
19.4
19.3
11.9
1.8
6.5

100.0%

 

 

 

NOS = Not otherwise specified

226
Table VII-13

Percent Distribution of Cases by Histologic Type of

Cancer for Blacks and Whites
SEER Program, 1978-81

Lung, Female

 

 

Number of Cases and Histologic Type Whites

Blacks

 

Total number of cancer cases

Number and Percent of cases
microscopically confirmed

Adenocarcinoma, NOS
Squamous cell carcinoma
Small/oat cell carcinoma
Carcinoma, NOS
Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma
Mucinous adenocarcinoma
All Others

11,646

10,621 (91.2%)

26.9%
20.9
19.4
19.1
4.9
2.9
5.9

100.0%

 

1,074

979 (91.2%)

30.3%
23.0
13.3
19.0
4.1
1.6
8.7

100.0%

 

 

 

NOS = Not otherwise specified

227
Table VII-14

Percent Distribution of Cases by Histologic Type of
Cancer for Blacks and Whites
SEER Program, 1978-81

 

 

 

Ovary

Number of Cases and Histologic Type Whites Blacks
Total number of cancer cases 5,567 348
Number and Percent of cases

microscopically confirmed 5,394 (96.9%) 331 (95.1%)
Cystadenocarcinoma 40.7% 43.2%
Adenocarcinoma, NOS 16.3 13.6
Pappillary/villous adenocarcinoma 14.9 13.9
Endometrioid carcinoma 8.6 4.8
Carcinoma, NOS 5.3 2.7
Mucinous adenocarcinoma 3.2 2.4
All Others 11.0 19.4

 

 

100.0% 100.0%

 

 

NOS = Not otherwise specified

228
Table VII-15

Percent Distribution of Cases by Histologic Type of

Cancer for Blacks and Whites
SEER Program, 1978-81

Pancreas

 

 

Number of Cases and Histologic Type

Whites

Blacks

 

Total number of cancer cases

Number and Percent of cases
microscopically confirmed

Adenocarcinoma, NOS
Carcinoma, NOS
Mucinous adenocarcinoma
Duct adenocarcinoma

Islet cell carcinoma

All Others

6,901

5,107 (74.0%)

69.9%
14.0
6.2
3.1
1.7
5.1

100.0%

 

817

627 (76.7%)

70.6%
11.2
8.3
2.4
2.9
4.6

100.0%

 

 

 

NOS = Not otherwise specified

229
Table VII-16

Percent Distribution of Cases by Histologic Type of

Cancer for Blacks and Whites

SEER Program, 1978-81

Prostate

 

 

Number of Cases and Histologic Type

Whites

Blacks

 

Total number of cancer cases

Number and Percent of cases
microscopically confirmed

Adenocarcinoma, NOS
Carcinoma, NOS
All Others

23,740

22,577 (95.1%)

94.3%
4.0
1.7

100.0%

 

2,864

2,709 (94.6%)

94.5%
3.9
1.6

100.0%

 

 

 

NOS = Not otherwise specified

230
Table VII-17

Percent Distribution of Cases by Histologic Type of
Cancer for Blacks and Whites
SEER Program, 1978-81

 

 

 

 

 

Rectum
Number of Cases and Histologic Type Whites Blacks
Total number of cancer cases 11,620 707
Number and Percent of cases
microscopically confirmed 11,248 (96.8%) 685 (96.9%)

Adenocarcinoma, NOS 80.9% 75.2%
Pappillary adenocarcinoma 10.1 10.7
Mucinous adenocarcinoma 5.9 7.9
Carcinoma, NOS 1.4 1.6
All Others 1.7 4.6

100.0% 100.0%

 

 

NOS = Not otherwise specified

231
Table VII-18

Percent Distribution of Cases by Histologic Type of
Cancer for Blacks and Whites
SEER Program, 1978-81

 

 

 

 

 

Stomach
Number of Cases and Histologic Type Whites Blacks
Total number of cancer cases 6,295 834
Number and Percent of cases
microscopically confirmed 5,798 (92.1%) 788 (94.5%)

Adenocarcinoma, NOS 77.4% 75.4%
Carcinoma, NOS 6.4 5.8
Mucinous adenocarcinoma 6.0 5.0
Signet ring carcinoma 4.3 4.6
Leiomyosarcoma 1.8 3.9
All Others 4.1 5.3

100.0% 100.0%

 

 

NOS = Not otherwise specified

232
Section VIII.

Cancer Trends:
Comparison Of Incidence,
Mortality, And Survival
For Blacks And Whites

 
 

 

 
TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION VIII. CANCER TRENDS: COMPARISON OF INCIDENCE, MORTALITY, AND SURVIVAL
FOR BLACKS AND WHITES

Discussion

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates
per 100,000 by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure

VIII-1.
VIII-2.
VIII-3.
VIII-4.
VIII-5.
VIII-6.
VIII-7.
VIII-8.
VIII-9.

VIII-10.
VIII-11.
VIII-12.
VIII-13.
VIII-14.
VIII-15.
VIII-16.
VIII-17.
VIII-18.
VIII-19.
VIII-20.
VIII-21.
VIII-22.
VIII-23.
VIII-24.
VIII-25.
VIII-26.
VIII-27.
VIII-28.
VIII-29.
VIII-30.
VIII-31.
VIII-32.
VIII-33.
VIII-34.

All Sites Combined, Black ..........................
All Sites Combined, White . . . .......................
Bladder, Black . ............
Bladder, White . . . ..........
Breast, Female, Black .............................
Breast, Female, White . ............................
Cervix Uteri, Black ...........
Cervix Uteri, White . . ............................
Colon, Black ........... ee
Colon, White . . ......
Colon and Rectum, Black . . . ........................
Colon and Rectum, White . .........................
Corpus Uteri, Black ..............................
Corpus Uteri, White ..............................
Esophagus, Black ................................
Esophagus, White ...............................
Larynx, Black . . ................ LL.
Larynx, White . .................................
Lung and Bronchus, Black Male . .....................
Lung and Bronchus, White Male .....................
Lung and Bronchus, Black Female ....................
Lung and Bronchus, White Female ....................
Multiple Myeloma, Black . ..........................
Multiple Myeloma, White ..........................
Ovary, Black ..................
Ovary, White . . . ................................
Pancreas, Black . ............
Pancreas, White . ............
Prostate, Black . .............
Prostate, White . ............ .
Rectum, Black .........
Rectum, White . . . ........
Stomach, Black . . . .....
Stomach, White ............... . . ..

235

Page

237
Section VIII. Cancer Trends: Comparison of
Incidence, Mortality, and Survival
for Blacks and Whites

Discussion

This section illustrates the complex set of interrelationships among cancer inci-
dence, survival, and mortality for blacks and whites. As indicated earlier, cancer
incidence rates measure the rate of occurrence of new cases of cancer during a
year per 100,000 persons in the population; cancer mortality rates measure the
rate of deaths during the year with cancer given as the underlying cause of
death per 100,000 population; and cancer patient survival rates measure the
percent of cases, first diagnosed during a particular period of time, that survive
for specific lengths of time following diagnosis, usually adjusted for the effect
of deaths from other causes. The survival rate for a particular cancer can be
affected by changes in the incidence of that cancer. Changes in incidence and/or
survival for a particular cancer over time can result in changes in the mortality
rate for that cancer. The following examples illustrate some of the relationships
among these measures.

® The incidence rate for a specific cancer can change over time due to changes
in the prevalence of risk factors for that cancer. For example, increases in the
prevalence of cigarette smoking among white males during the first half of
this century resulted in sharp increases in the incidence of lung cancer. Changes
in smoking practices, particularly following the Surgeon General's report on
smoking in 1964, have resulted in a decrease in the incidence of lung cancer
among white males under 45 years of age in the past few years; there is an
indication that this trend is beginning to extend to older age groups.

® Among cancers with low survival rates, such as lung cancer, increases in
incidence rates are accompanied, with a very short time lag, by corresponding
increases in mortality rates.

® If an increasing number of less severe cases of a particular cancer are identified,
this will have the effect of increasing the five-year relative survival rate for
that cancer. For example, this may be the explanation for the increase in
five-year relative survival rates for melanoma among whites which has accom-
panied a rapid increase in incidence over the past few years.

® An improvement in survival rates over time, particularly in the absence of
any changes in the incidence rate, will result in decreases in the mortality
rate. A dramatic example of this occurred in the mid-1970s when a sharp
reduction in mortality from testicular cancer was observed due to a major
increase in the survival rate for that cancer.

237
The data presented in this section pertain to the period covered by the SEER
Program. For each cancer, the five-year relative survival rate is presented for
black and white patients first diagnosed during each year 1973-77. The corres-
ponding SEER incidence rates and U.S. mortality rates are presented for each
year 1973-81. (Mortality rates for all SEER areas combined, for each cancer site,
follow very closely those for the United States.) By examining these three meas-
ures on a single page, for a given cancer, the reader can obtain a better under-
standing of the trends for that cancer than would be possible by examining each
of these measures in isolation. The reader should be cautioned, however, that
the observed measures for a particular time period are also influenced by events
occurring during that time period. Because of long latent periods for the effect
of some risk factors to appear as cancers, the incidence rate for a particular
cancer may increase or decrease due to changes in the risk factors a number of
years earlier. The number of persons dying of a particular cancer during a given
year include not only those who are first diagnosed during that year, but also
a number who had been diagnosed in earlier years. Care should be used when
comparing the graphs between blacks and whites because the vertical axes are
not always identical. These factors must be kept in mind when reviewing the
data on the following pages.

239
Figure VIIi-1

by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000

All Sites Combined

 

Black

     
 

 

 

 

LAN
NN
LA
LN
LAMAN §

 

 

wn
-

o
-

wn o
0 0

(7) 318Y TWATAYNS

—
wn
oN

o

74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

73

REF

 

{1000

=| soa
= 400

 

INCIDENCE
-

 

 

MORTALITY

=1 100

81

=
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

8

 

 

3

oco°001 ¥3d 31vy

4004

100

73

240
Figure VIlI-2

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

All Sites Combined

 

 

 

60 - White
S5
S
~ sO
J
—
a
oc
45 -
J
[em
=
2 40
=D
wn
35
oL BZA ©2222 ZZ, ZZ EZ

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 1 1 1
73 74 JS 76 77 78 79 80 81
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS
1000+ «4 1000
800+ <4 800
oO - .
S 600 600
o
oOo
© 400 INCIDENCE 7] 400
oz eT REF
uJ
a.
wi
fo
a 200 = 200
=
- — tr mil a rurale REF
MORTALITY
100+ = 100
TT T 1 1 T 1 T T 1
73 7% 7 79 81

YERR OF DIAGNOSIS

241
Figure VIII-3

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

 

 

    

Bladder
0 - Black
S 0
= .
= 45+ _
xn | |
2 _ _ _

 

73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

100 4 +100
80 4 0

5 20 - 4 20

INCIDENCE

 

REF

RATE PER 100.000

 

 

4 L Sr meaan gg sana Ea = EE Lie au BY REF
MORTALITY

 

 

 

2 7s 7 7 0
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS
242
Figure VIliI-4

by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000

 

Bladder
White

 

T
78

77
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

 

 

80 +

w
~

(7) 3LBY "THATAYNS

T
81

“
80

T
79

76

75

74

73

-100
- 80

REF
E

 

 

 

a grens=cconees a

MORTALITY

 

 

INCIDENCE

 

 

 

000°001 ¥3d 31Yy

YERR OF DIAGNOSIS

243
Figure VIiI-5

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

 

 

  

 

 

 

Breast
0 - Female, Black
2 Zz 2 _
S04 _ _ _
J BEAC AP AC AZ] _ 1
0 eR oF omeNosIs
Cem TT— ~ 1",

 

 

 

’
73 7s Ly 9 81

YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

244
Figure VIII-6

by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000

Breast
Female, White

 

MAY

 

 

 

80

J
1 I I v vy

R 8 8 B® &

(7) 3154 WATAYNS

I
78

77
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

 

I
81

1
80

1
79

76

75

74

73

REF

REF

 

-——=

 

 

= ¢0
b
120

INCIDENCE

 

-
MORTALITY

0
0
204

000001 ¥3d 31UY

10 +

 

n 7 0
YEAR OF DIRGNOSIS

7%

73

245
Figure VIII-7

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

 

Cervix Uteri
Black

 

= 1

-
LL
Le]

    

 

 

 

 

 

75 4

V
wn o wn 2 vw
w w [Ta] «

(7) 3164 THATAYNS

70 +

A

I BZA A 2

T T
80 81

79

76 77 78
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

75

74

73

REF

 

4100
<« 80

INCIDENCE

 

 

MORTALITY

 

 

o
-

000°001 ¥3d 31Y¥

v

oO
~

T

~

7 79 ol
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

v
7s

3

246
Figure VIII-8

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

Cervix Uteri
White

 

 

 

(7) 318Y THATAYNS

 

T
81

75 76 77 78 79 80
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

74

73

«100
- 80

REF
REF

<4 20

 

 

 

INCIDENCE
MORTALITY

 

A
T

000°001 ¥3d 314Yy

 

7 79
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

7s

Tv
7

247
Figure VIII-9

Colon
Black

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

 

LN
LAN
A
LN
AAR

  

 

 

 
 

 

wn
wn

1
oo
wn

4
I 1 LI

wn o
-« -*

(7) 31YY¥ THAIAYNS

35

T
78

\

 

76 77
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

"
81

T
60

1
79

7S

74

73

<4100

REF

11
<4 40
20

REF

310

 

 

INCIDENCE

 

MORTALITY

v
81

7
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

v
7s

 

 

000°001 ¥3d 3iuy

10 +
T

73

248
Figure VIII-10

 

by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81
Colon
White

 

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and

ah

 

 

I
78

YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

_
76

 

S5
50 +
45

40
35 +

(7) 3LHY TWATAYNS

Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000

T
81

T
80

1
79

77

75

74

73

REF

 

 

 

 

INCIDENCE

 

pees

0
40 +
0

000°001 ¥3d 31vy

MORTALITY

 

1
79

7
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

7s

7

249
Five-year Relative Survival Rates and

Figure ViiI-11

Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000

SURVIVAL RATE (%)

RATE PER 100,000

SS +

S0 +

100-4

80

$0

20+

 

by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

Colon and Rectum
Black

 

 

 

 

T
79

T
80

T
81

 

—
o a RU. a eff

MORTALITY

 

 

I
73

v
7s

7
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

250

m=)
“1

=1100

1 80

REF

REF

120
Figure VIII-12

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

Colon and Rectum

 

White

 

 

55 +

(Z) 318 TWATAINS

T T T T
78 79 80 81

YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

 

REF

 

ro
I

o
o~

 

 

INCIDENCE

 

60

000‘001 ¥3d 31YY¥

MORTALITY

 

YERR OF DIAGNOSIS

251
Figure ViiI-13

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and

Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000

SURVIVAL RATE (%)

RATE PER 100,000

100

20

by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

Corpus Uteri
Black

80 +

 

60

 

 

20 —

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AMIN

 

 

 

 

AY

“ALM

INCIDENCE

76 77 78 79 80 81
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

74

«4100
«<4 80

<4 20

 

 

weeamezzmogm———i REF

 

4 ee <4 4
r- ET SI eo —==== =f soc anagee a REF

71 MORTALITY

 

 

 

7
YERR OF DIAGNOSIS

252
Figure ViiI-14

 

cidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000
Corpus Uteri
White

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

 

 

(7%) 3184 TBAIAYNS

Age-adjusted In
95 T
0
0
75 4

T
81

T T
79 80

T
78

YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

 

4100
4 so

REF

REF

 

 

 

 

w
o E
2 =
u o
RB =
Oo x
Zz o
=
vv ¥ Bi
ea <Q &

YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS
253

 

 

000°001 ¥3d 31b¥
Figure VIII-15

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Esophagus
Black

20 1
I 15 4
e
E

10
z
=
& —
3s _

=
2
73 74 75 78 77 78 73 8 8
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

10 - 10

° J 4.
S 1 1s
o
Oo
© , | INCIDENCE B d.
w MORTALITY
z 1,

! T T Y T T T Y vr “r 1

73 78 77 79 81

YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS
254
Figure VIII-16

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

Esophagus
20 White

15 +

10

 

 

SURVIVAL RATE (%)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

LAN

76 77 78 79 80 81
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

INCIDENCE

i rrr ret SETI SES 2moomme—eemee =% REF
fa Swoon 2 2 ® : 2 REF

MORTALITY

     
 

 

   

 

 

 

RATE PER 100.000

 

 

 

T T ¥ T I J T T
73 7s 77 79 81

YERR OF DIAGNOSIS

255
Figure VIII-17

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and

Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000

SURVIVAL RATE (7%)

RATE PER 100,000

by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Larynx
Black

80 +
7S
70 +
6S +

60 +

SS

SO +

4S

40 +

3S
304

ox RR RR)

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 I LE
73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS
10 ~ 10
8 = 8
INCIDENCE e—
§ rmeanzzg mom same TTT Sr oe 4% ner
. - . @ —— rer
MORTALITY
1 1 v v v T v 1 T ’ !
73 7s ki 79 el

YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

256
Figure VIII-18

by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000

 

     

IN
LIN
ALN
ALIN
r

Larynx
White

 

 

 

 

 

rrr T1r— TT 17 717 1T T1T 17

(7) 316d TWAIAYNS

»
78

YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

 

Ze
77

T
81

T
80

T
79

76

75

74

73

REF

REF

 

 

INCIDENCE

© “Ww -- ~

000°001 ¥3d 31u¥

>

Ri

 

 

 

73

v T
7 79 81

YERR OF DIRGNOSIS

7S

257
Figure VIII-19

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

Lung and Bronchus

Black, Male

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

15 4

oN
—

I LJ
a w 0 o

(7) 314d TWATAYNS

74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

73

«1000
4 800

4 400

100 REF
REF

< 200

<4 20

 

 

 

INCIDENCE

79

YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

 

 

1000 +

400 +

|

000°001 ¥3d 3lbY

1 MORTALITY

o
-

o
~

0
o

258
Figure VIII-20

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

 

nn
=
So
Ci
£3
mn ~~
TL
§ 2
oD
ep
=
a

 

 

=
77

 

 

 

LANNY

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ANY

 

 

 

1S 1

T
oO vn 1
—

(7) 31IBY THATAYNS

T
78

YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

T
80

T
79

76

75

74

73

-100

REF
EF

= 60 R

 

-F

100

INCIDENCE

 

2

——

—

a

 

 

ener
ae

rw@waz======@=TT

MORTALITY

 

80

 

o
o~

000°001 ¥3d 316Y

 

1
79

YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

259
Figure Viii-21

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

Lung and Bronchus
Black, Female

20

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

& _ _ =
: | BF
n .. _
_
7 h 7 Yer oF Y RBNOSIS 7 ” V
fee — 1"

 

 

7 7 7 ES Cm
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS
260
Figure VIII-22

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

Lung and Bronchus

 

White, Female

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

20

: |
o wn >
—

—

(7) 3LHY TBATIAINS

T
78

YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

T
81

T
80

Tr
79

77

76

75

7

73

REF

 

INCIDENCE

 

 

MORTALITY

 

 

o
o

a o
w S o

000°001 ¥3d 31HY

7
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

261
Figure VIiI-23

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

Multiple Myeloma

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Black

40 ~

35 4
<
= 304
Ww
—
&

25 4
-
a
=
> 20-
=
wn

15 4

I Apap Ar |

73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

10 4 0

’ .
oS 1 s
Q
S INCIDENCE
Wy le ——— hy — Ne . . 14 ner
-
Qn
w Ey Pree ee a
— |. —————— REF
[- <4 2 J
«= MORTALITY 2

! Y T T T T -r- T T T }

73 7s 7 79 el

YERR OF DIAGNOSIS
262
Figure VIII-24

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

Multiple Myeloma
White

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

30 1

]
oN

I I I I
Q wn o w o
oN —t

-—

 

(7) 31BY WATAINS

T
78

YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

IY

T
81

T
80

T
79

77

76

75

74

73

REF

 

- 4
11]

 

 

 

INCIDENCE

MORTALITY

 

 

o © w - o~
-—

000°001 ¥3d 3IYY¥

77
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

73

263
Figure VIII-25

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

Ovary
Black

 

 

 

 

 

SURVIVAL RATE (%)

 

 

IIIT
AMI

 

 

 

 

ALITY

 

 

 

 

mem

 

 

2

76 77 78 7
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

 

9 80 8

 

 

100 100
80 + ] 20
© 40 4 4 «0
©
2
8S 0-
= INCIDENCE
x 10 SE —— warren
w ne _o m=
—
@ MORTALITY
ac 4
?

 

 

 

YEAR OF DIRCNOSIS
264
Figure VIII-26

 

Ovary
White

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

 

 

45
40

Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000

(7) 318d TWATAYNS

T T T
79 80 81

T
78

YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

 

-100

REF
8 REF

 

 

 

INCIDENCE
a
.
MORTALITY

a
“tt

 

 

 

 

4
oOo ®
-—

000°001 ¥3d 31vY¥

73

YEAR OF DIRGNOSIS

265
Figure VIII-27

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pancreas
x Black
20 -
S
eis
(oo
oc
-)
a
> 10-
>
jo
2
wv
57 =
2
_ _ 2
0 ZZ ZZ; Ezz EZ ZZ 1 T v 1
73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS
100 «4100
80 - 80
o 40 - 40
oO
o
o 20 4 INCIDENCE 12
oO
- - ———— es __ + REF
© 10 - ——— Sr RR eee Rd 10 per
a ° MORTALITY ds
wl
Po
g {4
2 4 + 2
' 4 . . : . <4 3
73 78 77 ' 29 ’ a1

YERR OF DIAGNOSIS
266
SURVIVAL RATE (%)

RATE PER 100.000

25 1

20

1S

10

 

Figure VIiI-28

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pancreas
White

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

>
1

~N
1

 

2 ee
= T=
73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81

YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

10 per

 

 

MORTALITY

 

 

 ——— om o "EF

 

 

73

I
8

7 79 0
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS
267
Figure VIII-29

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

 

 

 

 

Prostate

0 - Black
& _ 7 _
B s0- __

YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1000 ~ <4 1000
800 + <4 800
400 = 4 400
o
[=]
o “1
o 200 + <4 200
o INCIDENCE
Rd ey > “
100 ome gers — 100 per
= 80 - 80
a
- — tt
. «0 T — —— -- a > 40 ger
oc
MORTALITY
20 < <4 20
10 A 4 10
¥ T or v v v v I v
73 1s 77 9 81

YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS
268
Figure VIII-30

 

Prostate
White

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

 

T
78

77
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

 

 

Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000

I 1
R 8 2 a 2

(7) 31U¥ WAIANNS

T
81

T
80

T
79

76

75

74

73

100
80

-

 

INCIDENCE

 

60 REF
20 REF

10

 

—

 

 

 

 

000°001 ¥3d 31H¥

MORTALITY

 

10

7 79
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

T
7s

I
73

269
SURVIVAL RATE (%)

RATE PER 100.000

Figure VIII-31

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000

 

by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

 

 

 

 

 

Rectum
cs - Black
50 -
45 -
40 -
35 4
0 EE OL OE RR JA 1 7 : .
73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 8!
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS
100 + «£100
80 « 00
40 = - 40
20 4 INCIDENCE 1%
10 4 eR ——— EE — 10
® << 8
‘4 I To Tee 1°
MORTALITY
2 2
| '

 

 

 

’
3

¥ v J T v v
78 7 9 81

YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS
270

REF
Figure VIIIl-32

 

Rectum
White

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

 

5S

(7) 318Y BATANINS

Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000

 

T
81

T T
78 79 80

YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS

 

REF

 

 

 

 

ge ¢ =& ==
TT 1 1 7 T
|
8 E
=
mY oc
S | [ S
= =
ge 9 8 2° -

000°001 ¥3d 31Uy

 

 

7 29 81
YEAR OF OIRGNOSIS

T
7%

73

271
Figure VIII-33

by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000

 

 

 

 

 

Stomach
Black

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 T |
wn o wv o
-—

-—

20

(7) 314¥ YAIAYNS

T
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Figure VIII-34

Five-year Relative Survival Rates and
Age-adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000
by Year of Diagnosis: 1973-81

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“259
GENERAL LIBRARY - U.C. BERKELEY

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