THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY

OF CALIFORNIA

GIFT OF

Sally Woodbridge

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4?

 

           

', ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN LIBRA‘R!

Entered according to Act of Congress, A. D. 1896,
in the ofiice of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C.,
‘by M. E. Gilbert. All rights reserved.

FIE'. OF
H. 8. OI°C_KER CO" A
SAN FRANCISCO.

 

 

 

OD was very gracious when he made this beautiful strip of shore and valley in which, lmost in the shadow of the picturesque
mountains, nestle the County and the City of the Holy Cross. It is a pleasant and fruitful land. With neither extremes
of heat'nor cold, with warm days tempered by the sea-breezes, and nights delightfully cool, with a climate so even and so mild that
the flowers bloom in the dooryards through all the months of the year, with the breath of the pines stealing down the mountain
sides, the county of Santa Cruz is the most health—giving, strength-giving, life-giving spot on all the glorious Pacific Slope. There are
many beautiful sights in this goodly land, but none so beautiful as the troops of ruddy children, their sturdy little frames and bright faces
beaming with joyous health and physical vigor. Nature grows crops of strong men and beautiful women out here when she has the
right sort of stock to begin with.

The publisher of this book does not deal in hyperbole. He believes in doing business on straightforward lines. And this book is a
business proposition from cover to cover. it is meant to attract the attention of people in other parts of the country to the natural
resources of this county of Santa Cruz. So tine are they that it is almost incredible that no systematic effort has ever been made to
place them in the light of publicity. So tine are they, also, that one must exercise great caution in stating every-day facts, perfectly
familiar to residents here, lest he be set down by people in less favored States as a cheerful and enthusiastic liar; for the naked truth
concerning this “Eden of the West” is in itself more marvelous than the “Tales of Munchausen” or the “Stories of the Thousand
Nights.” This is one of the reasons that the photographer’s art has been so liberally called upon to embellish this work,—it being taken
for granted that the camera cannot lie, and the homely proverb still holding good, that “seeing is believing.”

The city of Santa Cruz has long been a resort for those who love the sea; but there is something more to be said for the county
than that its capital is the pleasure-ground of thousands. The county of Santa Cruz is, emphatically, a county of pleasant homes,—a
county in which any industrious man of moderate means can build himself a home. And the man who invests in Santa Cruz soil can
rest certain that he will reap richer returns than did the hardy generation which upturned the soil in search of gold. On the gentle slopes
of the mountains flourish the vineyard and the orchard; in the pleasant valleys, grain and grass and fruit yield abundantly; in the rich
valley of-the Pajaro the rancher coins the sugar beet into hard dollars; the gigantic redwoods keep busy the lumbermen of the hills; the
magnificent water-power drives the engines and lights the lamps of the city; the splendid quarries of lime and petroleum rock bring
livelihoods to hundreds; and over all this scene of happiness and orderly, industrial content broods the bright sunshine, and softly blow
the delicious breezes of the fairest, loveliest spot that ever slept and waked in the smile of God. It is to convey some faint idea of this

pleasant and beautiful bit of California that this book is sent out.
PHIL FRANCIS.

 

/ THE PROLOGUEEE-"

 

 

Statistics

Has the most beautiful beach on the Pacific Coast.

Has unlimited electric power, generated by mountain
streams.

City of Santa Cruz supplies water to consumers at a
merely nominal rate—50 cents.

Lowest death rate.

Bitumen-paved streets, electric lights, electric cars,
electric power for manufacturing establishments.

A natural sanitarium.

Largest beet-sugar factory in the world is located at
“'atsonville.

Has five daily newspapers.

The finest wines of native growth are made in the Santa
Cruz Mountains.

Has free postoffice delivery to all parts of Santa Cruz.

The Pajaro Valley produces nearly forty per cent more
to the acre of sugar beets than any other part of the United
States.

The solidest banks in the whole State.
The greatest limestone quarries, the greatest petroleum

mines, the greatest redwood timber tracts on the Pacific
Coast.

Forty thousand acres of pasture land on which the grass
is green all the year round.

The finest salmon fishing in the world.

The climate is the most equable in the world, having
neither extreme of heat nor cold.

and Facts.

Has railroad and steamboat competition, and thus
obtains freight rates far lower than any other county in
California, thus giving the farmers cheap access to good
markets, and making the value of a farm of I00 acres in
Santa Cruz County, particularly in the vicinity of \Yatson-
ville, nearly three times the value of a similar farm anywhere
else in the State.

The policy of the principal land owners is to subdivide
and sell to actual settlers, and any man with a little means
and no fear of work can make himself a home in Santa Cruz
County.

Land can be obtained in small tracts—an impossibility
in many parts of this State.

Families can live in comfort on the produce of,c.hicken
and fruit and vegetable ranches of from two to ten acres.

Has seventy-four public and private schools.

Small tracts of land can be obtained on the most
favorable terms and long time.

The northern part of the county furnishes the hunter
the finest shooting in the State, the Big Basin being alive
with game of all kinds.

All county roads built scientifically and sprinkled daily.
The best county roads in the State, as certified by the State
Road Commission.

Has six weekly newspapers.
Santa Cruz is the most picturesque city in California.

The cottages of even the poorest are embowered in flowers
which bloom in profusion the whole year round.

On

, y ,
, Ben Lomond 5
Here on this hilltop, yery nigh

To God the Great, I stand and spy llfilqlll.
The pleasant, pleasant lands that lie
Beneath Een Lomond‘s height.
The river runs, a shining thread.
Along the fringe of each farmstead,
And wide the laughing yalleys spread
Beside its waters bright.
I’ar by the breakers‘ rim of sands
The Mission lifts, like suppliant’s hands,
The shining cross that in all lands
()f Christ the \\'hite doth tell;

And ‘neath its outstretched arms of prayer

 

Rests the white City, goodly, fair,—
i\nd hark.l l’eals through the pulsing air,

Far-heard, the \‘espers bell.

It must be that in sunny mood

“as God, and spendthrift of His good,

\Yhen this sweet country, mod on rood,
He fashioned in His mirth;

It seems a Vision such as prayer

And fasting brought to john, when there

On Patmos Island, lone and bare,

The Heavenly City fell to earth.

 

PHIL Faaxels.

(J!

A Brief Historical Sketch.

HE first white man who saw the wooded slopes of the Santa Cruz
Mountains was Juan Rodriguez
Thirty—six years later, the famous old fighting admiral. Sir liran—
cis Drake, sailing in the track of Cabrillo's ship, saw these same

Cabrillo. in the year 154.2.

mountains, and made note of thetn in his logbook.
years afterward, on the 16th
port into which ships trading
from the Philippine Islands to
Acapulco might put in for
wood and water, sailed into
the Bay of Monterey. He
landed on the shore opposite
Santa Cruz and held religious
services.
until the third of January.
In his account he speaks of
the
the “large, clear lakes, fitte
pastures and arable lands,”
and is delighted with the pros—
peel.
Spainward bound. and then
for more than a hundred and
sixty years no more is heard

'l‘\\'ent_\'~iour
December. 1602. \iizcaino. hunting a

Vizcaino remained

“prodigious trees." of

\lizcaino sails away,

of this region.

On the 14th July. 1769. an
expedition composed of Gov—
ernor Portola, Captain Revera. Lieutenant liages, Engineer Constan—
zio, Fathers Crespi and Gomez, and a company of forty—nine soldiers
and Christian Indians, left San Diego to hunt for the bay which old
Late
in September they arrived at the Bay of Monterey, but failed to recog—

Vizcaino had described a hundred and sixty—seven years before.
nize it. In their wanderings about the coast they crossed and named
the Pajaro and the San Lorenzo rivers. and also natned a small stream
Santa Cruz.
retraced their steps, still hunting \lizcaino‘s bay. again looking upon

After pushing northward to San lirancisco llay. they

 

The Ancient Mission of the Holy Cross.

6

it from either shore and again failing to recognize it. They finally
decided that the harbor described by the old navigator had filled up
with sand. and returned, discouraged and hall—starved. to San Diego.
The next y ‘211'. in the spring of I770 that is, two parties set ottt from
San Diego. one by sea and one by land. and about the same time
reached and recognized the liay of Monterey. (iln the 3d lune. 1770.
they took possession in the
name of the liing of Spain.

and Father _lunipero Serra
began a mission. hanging
bells in the trees and celw

brating mass. This was the

\lission .‘tlotttet‘ey.

Hit the 25th Septetnber.
17m. l‘iathers Salazar and
Lopez came to found the
Mission Santa (iruz. 'l‘hey

\ .
located on the gentle emi—
ttence from which the Cath—
olic church yet looks down

on the city. and. with contri
butions given by their breth—
tiarmel.
liran—

the

ren of the Missions
Santa

cisco.

t‘lara and San

began to teach
till the and
the the

San l‘irancisco tnttst have had a taint of business enterprise

lndians to soil

to ol)s‘e]‘\'e I‘iles Hi
church.
even at that early day. as the mission record complains that one yoke
of the oxen sent from the north were so bad they had to be killed. and
one mttle was so gentle he died three days after arriving. Things
did not go altogether well with l-‘athers Salazar and Lopez. and we find
them at one time forced to borrow beans and corn from the soldiers.
lint they kept mantully to the work and in a year had the mission
church built. and on the 10th March. 17o4. dedicated it with tnttch cer—

emony, several priests coming down from Santa Clara and San l’ran—

cisco, and Don llermenegildo Sal, commamlant at the l’residio, lend—
ing the lustre of his magnificent presence to the occasion.

It would be interesting to trace the history of the Santa Cruz Mission
through its y ‘ars of prosperity until the decline of all the missions, but
such an account does not cotne within the scope of this work. The
missions reached the acme of temporal prosperity in the year [830 and
declined rapidly after that in wealth, owing to the hostile policy of the
Mexican government. in a few years their possessions vanished.

;\bout this time emigrants
had begun. one by one. to
come here from the United
States and (ireat llritain. \\'il—
liam Thompson had arrived
in [822, l)avid Spencer in
1824. In 1833 Isaac (iraham
came from Kentucky. He was
one of the old~time frontiel‘sr
men. In [830 (iraham and
some other .\1nericans assist»
ed ‘Iuan B. .\lvarado in a suc—
cessful revolution. .\lvarado
had promised secession from
Mexico and independence, but
once in power .\lvarado repus
diated the bargain. seized his
allies by treachery and sent
them in irons to Mexico. [1 is
humiliating to add that they

owed their rel *ase. after a vain

The Mission of To-day.

app 'al to the .\merican initi—

ister. to the prompt and vigorous demands of the llritish minister.
backed by the guns of a llritish man—of—war. l’or several years .\mer—
icans continued to come to this region by ones and twos. until there
was quite a respectable handful of them when the l'nited States took
forcible possession of the country. .\fttr that came the news of the
discovery of gold, and after that catne that famous rush of the gold—
lntnters. In the years succeeding that wonderful and romantic era, the
county of Santa Cruz has grown steadily. the hand of the husbandman

has found richer returns than the gold—seekers diggcd from the soil,

 

and p \aceful and orderly communities have sprung up, surrounded
by vineyards. orchards and ranches, yielding abundantly the harvests
that come to industry.

On the north shore of the Bay of Monterey lies
the county of Santa Cruz. It is a narrow strip,
forty miles in length and fifteen miles in width at

()n the north the beautiful Santa Cruz Mountains
separate it from Santa Clara County; west of it lies San Mateo County
and east of it the counties of

__ San Benito and Monterey. It

_ ' is a county of gently rising

A Blrd’s=eye View
of Santa Cruz
County.

the widest part.

terraced mountains, winding
streams and fertile valleys, and
a level, hospitable seaeoast.
The area is 320,000 acres, and
nearly all of this is capable of
tillage. The forty thousand
acres of bottom lands are fer—
tile beyond belief. They are
watered by the clear streams
issuing from the mountains.
l’rom the sea-line fifty thou-
sand acres of fertile farming
lands rise in terraces t0 the
summits of the
mountains, on the very tops

extreme

of which flourish the grapes
from which are made the fa-
mous wines of the region.
The timber along the gulches
and on the uplands is simply magnificent. Ther‘ are redwoods so big
as to stagger credulity itself. The biggest trees in California are right
here in Santa Cruz. The two hundred and fifteen thousand
acres of mountainous land lie in a thermal belt in which frost
is practically unknown. .\s a consequence the tnost tender fruits
thrive vigorously. St‘awberries bloom and ripen at all sea—
sons, orange trees are loaded with blossoms and fruit at once, and
the perpetual bloom of endless spring enchants the eye. ln the mead-

ows the grass grows green and fresh frotn .lanuary to January.

Mlle Tboogbte Ahoot Santa Croz Coootyo

Dear lovely bowers of innocence and ease,

How often have I paused on every charm,

The sheltered cot, the cultivated farm,

The never-failing brook, the busy mill,

The decent church that topped the neighboring hill,
The hawthorn bush with seats beneath the shade,
For talking age and whispering lovers meant.

OLIVER GOLDSMITH.

    

LIVER GOLDSMITH alone could do justice to the charms of
Santa Cruz County. and the above lines, taken from the sweetest
of his poems, might have been written of lien Lomond. .\ptos.
Soquel. or any of the hamlets that nestle in the foothills of the

Mountains of the Holy Cross.
Nature was in a sunny and genial mood when she bestowed her

l

gifts upon this county,the chiefest of which may be said to be equability
of climate. There are no violent changes of temperature: the seasons
keep the even tenor of their way. There are no droughts in summer.
no blizzards in winter: the spring is not racked by the east wind. nor
the autumn saddened by rains. .\s a result. one is enabled to spend
most of his life out of doors.

This editability of the climate is due to two causesithe proximity of

THE BEAUTIFUL CITY

the ocean. and the shelter of the Santa Cruz Mountains. The county
is bounded on the north by the Coast Range. and on the east and west
by spurs that run down from the range to the ocean. which borders it
on the south. Hue consequence of the geographical boundaries of
the county is that Santa eruz is completely sheltered from the trade

winds.

The county is traversed by spurs from the Coast Range. and the
watershed thus formed is d‘ained by the l‘ajaro River. the San Lo—
renzo, the San \‘ieente. llaguna (reek. Seott‘s Creek, and a number of
smaller str *ams.

The hillsides are elothed with groves of redwood. pine. madl‘ona.
oak. and other trees: while the bottom—lands show magnifieent speei~
mens of poplar and syeamore. The smaller canyons are a tangle of
ferns and leathery brush, and in time to come will be the haunt of art
ists and amateur photographers: already they are well and favorably

' UNV N “$50M” a.

OF THE HOLY CROSS.

known to that most sensible of all holiday smakers #the eamper.

The conditions that mal<e Santa (‘rnx County a delightful spot in
which to live appeal to all elasses of men——exeept physicians. This
is the worst plaee in the world for those who praetiee medieine‘. as far
as they are eoneerned the situation ean be summed up in a few words:

the death-rate of Santa Cruz is six per thousand! .‘ynll this in spite of

the faet that many people come here for their health. Visitors to
Santa Cruz are greatly struck by the size and physique of our boys
and girls. The generous diet obtainable here at a low cost, the out-
door life of our people, and the freedom from worry and care, are all
eondueive to larger growth and length of years.

The “New York Medical Record." about four years ago, issued a
sehedule of questions to physicians at all the health resorts through—
out the States. It fell to my lot to answer on behalf of Santa Cruz,
and the reply that was sent baek intimated that the City of Santa Cruz

 

was not fitted for people suffering from diseases of the lungs. but the
very best possible place for neurasthenies.—people afilieted with what
the laity term nervous breakdown. Furthermore. that amongst the
foothills there were ideal spots for eonsumptives. where the air was
warm and dry and balsamie, and where the sick eould be out—of—(loors
the greater part of the day—conditions that European physicians can

obtain for their patients only by sending them to ligypt or ,\lgiers. lnv
deed. Santa Cruz County is now becoming the resort of those afllicted
with tuberculosis of the lungs.

It must not be supposed that Santa Cruz County is the land of the
Lotus—eater.

 

a land “wherein it seemed always afternoon:" the con—
trary is proved by the numerous thrifty and prosperous farms and
homesteads that dot the hillsides.

the thoughts that shake mankind.
us.

The steamship. and the railway. and
are very much in evidence amongst
The county is traversed by two lines of railway: steamers eall
twice a week at our wharves:
\‘x'atsonville has a permanent
industry in the making of beet
sugar: Santa Cruz has an elec-
tric

railway. incandescent

lights. two systems of tele-
phone, and an air of metropoli—
tan hustle on its streets not by
any means due to its summer
visitors. who congregate most— ,
ly on its beach. and are com— .

9 < ' a
posed mainly of pilgrims from '3 '
a hot country. g
Readers of a statistical turn ”F
of mind will find in other parts

E5

of this volume all the informa—
tion they want concerning the
resources and industries and
climatology of our county:
to me was assigned the pleas
ant task of giving a general de—
scription.

The conditions of life are very pleasant here. \Vhy. our bay alone
—ah. but that is our crowning glory. and demands separate and special
consideration. which will be given to it further on in these pages.

Success her‘ as elsewhere is to be obtained only by hard work: the
stubborn glebe refuses to be merely tickled to yield a harvest. but to
honest hard work it gives generous returns.

This is a good place. then. for the man who has to work: but. for the
man who has acquired a competence. there is no more ideal place than

Santa Cru

‘M

. ‘00P!- “Elfin;

 

Santa Cruz County. Here he can rest in the enjoyment of the mar—

velous beauties of this spot. so favored by the gods. llorace's de—
scription of the liortunate lsles might have been written of Santa
Cruz.
“ The Circling ocean waits us; then away, where nature smiles.
To those fair lands. those blissful lands, the rich and happy Isles!
\Vhere Ceres year by year crowns all the untilled land with sheaves,
And the vine with purple clusters droops, unpruned of all her leaves;
\Vhere the olive buds and burgeons, to its promise ne'er untrue,
And the russet fig adorns the tree, that gralTsltoot never knew:
\Vhere honey from the hollow oaks
doth ooze, and crystal rills
Come dancing down with twink—
lingr feet from the sky~dividing
hills:

There to the pails the she-goats
come, without a master word,
And home with udders brimming,r

broad returns the friendly herd;
There round the told no surly hear
its midnight prowl doth make,

Nor teems the rank and heaving

soil with the adder and the
snake; “
There no contagion smites the

lloeks, nor blight of any star

\Vith fury of remorseless heat the
sweltering herds doth mar.

Nor this the only bliss that waits
us there, where drenching rains

By watery liurus swept along ne’er
devastate the plains,

Nor are the swelling seeds burnt
up within the thirsty elods,

So kindly blends the seasons there

z Big: Trees.

the King of all the Gods.
That shore the Argonautic bark‘s stout rowers never gained.
Nor the wily She of Colehis with step nnehaste protaued ;
The sails of Sidon's galleys ne‘er were waited to that strand,
Nor ever rested on its slopes [’lysses‘ toilworu hand:
For jupiter, when he with brass the Golden Age alloyed,
That blissful region set apart by the good to be enjoy ed:
\Vitli brass and then with iron he the ages seared, but ye.
Good men and trite. to that bright home arise and follow me."

C. \V. I)o\'I.i£, 31.1)

‘IHE BEACH AT SANTA

     

CRUZ!THE FINEST ON THE PACIFIC COAST.

I, 3‘, "u‘ .A.

 

 

The Empire Grade,

HE most beautiful natural boulevard in the whole United States
is the magnificent road which sweeps in wonderful curves from
the City of the Holy Cross to the extremest summit of the moun—
tain walls that lock in their embrace the county of Santa Cruz.

From the very heart of the city the road begins to slope upward. and.
when one has turned at the great reservoir which supplies Santa Cruz
with the cool water of the
mountain streams.the way lies
before him in long undulating
curves that wind across the
valleys,through the untouched
primeval forests, around the
gentle hills, and, at last, right
up the slopes of the dividing
range, crowned with groves
of redwood and llecked on
all their ample sides with
orchards and vineyards.
The driveway is a splendid
tribute to the genius and
patience of the men who have
made it. Leaving the res~
ervoir and passing through
the Cowell ranch. one of
those great holdings whose
possession by a few men has
done so much to retard the
progress of California. one comes upon a land of orchards. The Rose
fruit. ranch swings wide open its hospitable gate. and the stranger is
welcome to feast his eyes and his taste on the glorious fruit under
which the trees bend. The apples grown in this part of the county
are in great demand. and almost the entire crop of the year 1895 was
purchased by the great firm of l’orter llrothers. and shipped across
the Atlantic to tickle the palates of our linglish cousins. The sight of
any one of the orchards lining the limpire (lrade is a marvelous thing

to the Eastern man. To him an orchard is a few acres of trees. deep

 

A Glimpse of the Lovely San Lorenzo.

in clover and g ‘ass when the warm suns of the spring and summer
shine. deep in snow when the winter whitens the land. L'ntouched of
the plow. the orchard stands from year to year. the gnarled old trees
shading the aisles of gre‘n that part them. They are picturesque
enough. these old orchards. and one can dr *am away a summer‘s day
in the grass and clover. flat on his back. looking up through l*aves
and blossoms at the white
clouds lazily floating in the
serene sky. llut one cannot
loaf in a California orchard.

.\ California orchard is all
business. The trees stand
in endless rows. as precise
and trim as a regiment of
regulars on dress parade.
The soil all about them is
loosened and mellowed with
ceaseless plowing and har—
rowing. Not a blade of
grass peeps through the
loamy surface. livery where
is the most scientific and
careful cultivation. The
California fruit rancher plants
and tends his orchards with
the sole aim of producing
fruit. and lots of it. He wants
apples. pears. apricots. prunes. almonds. and he wants them in
quantities that will fetch him in a good fat addition to his bank ac-
count. liis orchard is for use. not beauty. .\nd yet they are beau—
tiful. these great orchards. acres upon acres. as far as the eye can see.—
thousands upon thousands of trees literally burdened with the beautiful
fruit of this sunny and wellsfavored land. The eye looks along their
ranks with a sense of satisfaction. and not even the monotonous regu-
larity of their endless rows can spoil the myriad trees of the beauty of
green leaves and scented blossoms and ripened fruit. So thinks one

 

 

 

ANOTHER VIEW OF SANTA

CRUZ.

   

as he bowls along between the orchards that line the lower reaches of the vineyards flourish. These vineyards are tlte pride of Santa Cruz

the Empire Crrade. Leaving behind at last the great orchards. one County. and although the industry is in its babyhood. and tltere is room
comes upon a higher level, where in the and to spare for hundreds of people to
midst of fat pastures and pleasant woods grow the grape. there are even now great

 
  
  
  
  
   

roam the cattle. quietly feeding. stretches oi land given up to vine—

There is no suclt beef in all the growing which it does the htart

\Vest as the flesh of the kind that good to set; t‘hiet‘ of these is tlte

feed on the grasses of Santa vineyard oi the lien l.oniontl
Cruz Cottnty. lt melts in \\ ine Company. situated high

ones tnottth as tenderly as all we the togsline. and

a kiss. and it l*aves be— with its acres of vines and

hind a fragrant regret its splendid \\lt]t‘*1llltl\'lll}\"

that one cannot hold any and irniedrying appara—

ntore. This part of the tits. all under the able

tamous drive crosses a tnanagtinent oi .\lr. \\',

number of little streams‘ "I. Coope and his capa—
fresh from their sources ble stl]tt‘t‘ltllt‘tltlt‘lll. .\lr.
in the hills and sweet \, l\'ttt‘l, 'l‘he winery of
alike to sight and taste. the company uses not
Baptized by them the only the product of the

grass is always green, cotttpzttty's vinevartls

and the cattle feed in alone but also the output

December and January oi the neighboring vine~
as fat as iit May or lune. yards. furnishing a con—
The perpetually balmy venient and sure market
air does away with any tor all who \\l\ll to grow
need of shelter. and. if the grape on the sides of
there were stables for the old lien lJIIIlJttIl. 'l‘he
kine. the kine would not peculiar pride of the lien
be foolish enough to want la ttttond \‘inevardists is
to be in them. The the {anions tirey Riesling
coldest (lays are no chil— wine. There is no wine
her than a showery May (it its kind made in all
day in Indiana or ()hio. California which begins
and the cattle waste no food

in making heat for themselves.

to equal this in the estima—
tioit ot connoisseurs. The ex—

Leavntg on one side the dairy pert connnission sent out a few

, ‘ ) ‘ V x _ x _~ ‘ A. P. STANTON. JAMEs LINSCOTT. s H. RAMBO. A, _‘ . . «
and pasture Talltlltbr,tl1L load begins 7105.1). usxiom. A ”I My. ytais ago by the trerinan government
to climb by easy grades the lnlls on which The Board of Supervisors of Santa Cruz County. unanimously declared the lien l.otnond

Grey Riesling to be the best white wine made in the United States,
and some of its members were frank enough to say that it surpassed
the product of the famous vineyards of the Fatherland. If this wine
was made across s‘as and shipped to .\merica. our w *althy people
would pay any fancy price demanded for it. .\nd. if it was bottled and
sold here under a gorgeous French or (ierman label. it would com»
mand gilt—edged prices. lhtt it is the boast of the lien Lomond \\'ine
Company that its wines are .\meriean. made by .\meriean processes.
‘his down-

and sold in .\meriean bottles and under .\meriean labels.

right honesty has cost the
company some t'ansient gain,
but has resulted in b‘ilding‘
up not only the reputation of

their own but the reputation

of other native wines. lt is
an example worthy of all inii»
tation. and. if all the wine—
makers of the State would

emulate it. the wines of (ali~
fornia would soon drive out of
the the
nasty imitations of lTuropean

market cheap and
goods. which are a disgrace to
our wine—growers and a dam—
age to a great and splendid
industry.

The vineyards of lien Lo—
mond are the very crown of

the limpire tirade. Standing
among them one looks down upon a panorama so beautiful. so fine,
so glorious. that the dullest soul is moved by its picturesque splendor.
lfar to the left. across the wide valley. Lorna l’rieta lifts its giant head.
liar to the right he the broad waters of the l’acific. L‘nrolled at one’s
feet is a glorious scene. Down through the giant redwoods tumbles
the bright river: far away stretch the fertile pastures and the green
orchards: hemmed in by these lies the beautiful City of the Holy
Cross: and away beyond its spires and domes roll the waters of the
placid bay. Down into the west drops the red sun: flames in crimson

and gold the wide sky. .\cross the p *aceful land steals the sweet twi-

 

Where the Wild Waves Madly Play.

light; and with uncovered heads, in the presence of all this beauty,
we salute the splendor of earth and sea and sky, and silently turn
our faces homeward.

A Few Th) average yield of wheat to the acre is 30 bushels;
Important FHCtS- corn. 50 bushels: barley, 40 bushels; potatoes, 7,000
pounds: sugar beets. 9 tons.

Two distinct lines of rail—
The steamship facilities
are abundant. and rates are reasonable by rail and water. The im—
mense factory of Claus Spreck-
els at \Yatsonville furnishes a
certain market for the sugar—
And the cities of
Santa Cruz and \\'atsonville
markets them-
selves, especially in summer
and fall. when thousands of
visitors crowd the streets of
Santa Cruz.

The schools of the county
are splendidly conducted. The
first thing a California com-
munity school
and the second is to
begin another. The schools
of Santa Cruz will be treated
of in proper place.
The people are verv proud
of them.

There are fifteen church
The church—member coming

The marketing facilities are excellent.
road put San Francisco within easy reach.

beet raisers.

are 110 mean

builds is a
house

their

The churches are strong and flourishing.
societies in the city of Santa Cruz alone.
from the liast will find a welcome awaiting him from his own denomi»
nation.

The healthfulness of Santa Cruz County is famous along the Pacific
lts sea—bathing is the finest in the world. One can bathe in the
liay of .\[onterm as comfortably in winter as in summer.

. lope.

The county of Santa Cruz is full of health—giving mineral springs.
The climate is absolutely perfect.
Santa Cruz County.

Nobody dies of consumption in

3mm

‘ Waxy"

.WWM’E .

'1'

 

1 lesn PRO"

THE BEACH.iSCENES NEAR THE NEPTUNE BATHS.

Tbe Geology of §aota Cruz County

A S\'S"FE1VIA’11C ()U 1 LINE

Ill“. geology of Santa Cruz County is exceedingly diverse and in—
tricate. (ilur ideal section of the earth's crust brings into view
the order as to position. which the different kinds of rocks would

assume, if in their natural place. It must be understood. how—
ever, that at no one p21rticular1 )oint c2111 be seen a section of these
rocks in place. The surface of this region presents 21 U1e 1t varietv of

brezks. upheavals, cuts and basins. The formations vary in age from
the primitive or igneous rocks to the most recentvfrom the granite
through some of the older sedimentary deposits of the C111c'1'.\<'1ioi's
and 'l‘1211'r11\1<\1\t.1c, up to the present day.

The geology
Santa Cruz range of mountains
near the (iolden (iate at 52111 I"
a zigzag direction to the l’ajaro lxiver. wl hich cuts a \\21_\
and marks 21 line between the Cruz (iavilan
east of the Salinas \ial le\. '

of Santa Cruz County is included in the

Ihis range extends from
ancisco southez 1st\\ 211(ll\
Santa and
mountains to the l oma l’riet ta
is the highest point in the ganta Cruz range being about
3,800 feet above sea—leVL 1. It stands as a prominent land—
mark on the line of Santa C ruz \\ith anta C121
There are many elevated points from a few hundred feet

above sea—level to 2,000 feet. 21nd the axis of the range is

a counties.

broken and very irregular in outline.

at the 1;1<.\N1'r1c. ()nly in 21 few places do
distinctly the
what is termed granite has been strat~

I. Let us look

find this rock
111etamorphic system. Much of
itied and afterwards changed by contact with molten or very much
\\here granite exists it seems to have been thrust

we igneous separate from

heated material.
often overlapping even the shal*
So,
crmsidered a more recent rock geologically.

in contact with the granite we find the .11 lC'l‘.\.\It)|\‘|’Ill(‘

up in masses, 21nd sandstone which

had been deposited before. in such cases. the granite must be

2. Closely
()riginally stratified, it is now broken 21nd thrown into end—
Ther ‘ ar alternations of granite. <1uartz. shale. lime—
It is the most prevalent of the hard rocks of the
It holds many valuable

system.
less confusion.
stone. gneiss, etc.
Santa Cruz range. and exceedingly variable.

mine'als such as iron, gold. copper. ('111icksilver, and probably in places

 

C. L. Anderson, M. D.

serves as reservoirs for large bodies of petroleum. In many places it
is easily quarried and serves a good purpose as a building rock.

3. Superimposed, and often mingled with the more distinctly met-
21111orphic rocks. the' occurs. It is also more or less
changed by l1 ‘at. and is usually very distinctly crystalline. The very
best of commercial lime is made from these limestone deposits. As a
111arble or a building rock it is valuable, and as yet not fully appre-
ciated, and in quantity it is ample for all the demands of future ages.
l11 some places.there are (1171‘s of considerable extent.
eastern side about New Alma-
den. as far as I know, have been found in this limestone,
yet it is possible that some exist in other places. It does
not Occur in distinct horizontal or parallel strata, but
generally in masses as though it had been thrown into
heaps when in a semi—plastic state by the upheaval of the

LIMESTONE

Xo fossils except on the

underlying formations.

_1. The sxxns’roxlc for the most part is white or
slightly colored. and held loosely with cement. It is in—
termixed with sea—worn pebbles. and shells of numerous
species of mollusks. ()ften bones of whales and seals are
found in some of our elevated ridges—even from sea—
level to the summits of the higher ridges. This is the
sandstone that in many places is percolated (by capillary
attraction) with petroleum. Large masses are thus ren-
dered available for street p 1avements.

5. The sun 1-: is for the most part of a fine chalk- lil 1<e structure
varying 111 hardness from ordinary "ch 1a a’lk to that of flint. It 15 com—
posed of sitar and alumina. and when decomposed resembles clay—con—
taining 21 large percentage of aluminum. It is made up almost wholly
of the organic remains of immense numbers of minute microscopic
plants (diatoms) and animals (sponges). all of marine origin.

The [111111111'110111' matter is not prominent in the shale, although in
places small quantities of [ignite may be found. and there are oozings
of asphaltum. The age of this shale is the same as that of the sand—
stone. and 1121s been deposited under similar conditions. The sand
being heavier fell to the bottom. while the light fine material may be

found at the top. In the heavy black sand there is iron, volcanic glass,
some titanite, zircon, and a few flakes or grains of gold, and probably a
small quantity of platinum. But these are for the most part derived
from the metamorphic system of the gnciss group,—the debris and
washings in fact of the older rocks.

6. The group called the CONGLOMERATE comes from the freezing,
grinding, tossing and wearing of the higher mountains. It is the re-
sult of the Ice Age,when glaciers and icebergs traveled over our hlgh-
est ridges, and planted their
hills of gravel and boulders at
the base of the mountains.
These deposits are loosely held
by a small quantity of cement
composed of lime, sand, etc., in
solution. The conglonwraz‘c is
dumped in masses, not uniform
in thickness. The material is
of nearly all kinds of rocks.
smooth and waterworn, varying
in size from the smallest pebbles
to large boulders. Sometimes
washings from the seashore are
intermingled;—this is not the
work of the ocean, but of fresh
water, and belongs to the fa—
mous “DRIFT PERIOD,” when
flood and frost prevailed where
now the fields and forests
spread out in the sunshine.

7. The ALLUVIUM and SOIL,
the last act in this wonder-
ful life of our earth. The rivers and streams, with the beneficent
showers brought by the clouds, have leveled and prepared the soil of
the earth for the husbandman. Our mountains, plains and valleys
are clothed in beautiful verdure, that day after day and year after
year yield a cheerful support to a countless progeny of animals. In-
stead of the barren desert of rocks and sand, or the ice fields of per—
petual frost, that prevailed in former times, we behold a fruitful land
for homes in towns, cities, or quiet farms.

 

,__,.

   

Ideal Section of the Earth's Crust at Santa Cruz, California.

18

' summits.

Looking then at the geological character of the Santa Cruz Moun—
tain range, so diversified in minerals, and so amply provided with
springs of water and rivers, one might contemplate to a certain extent
the resources of this region. At present they cannot be measured.
Here is the old ocean beating, ever beating against the fortified shores,
with not less than 80 miles of sea-coast, with all the riches of the ocean
and the world’s commerce at our feet. As the ocean once held this
fair domain, so it contends for repossession. Our shores crumble and
fall with the unceasing assault.
A thousand years may bring
but little change; and yet
some sudden rafar/ysm, some
sinking or rising of this crust
on which we place so much
value as real estate. may upset,
or overthrow, all our calcula—
tions. But we feel peculiarly
exempt, somehow especially
and providentially secure from
_.such sudden calamities. Once

the sea was universal and cov—
ered the wholegarth. To—day
“ it holds dominion over but
two—thirds of the external
crust. The land, so far, has
gained.

\Yere the bottom of Monte—
rey llay (which at the lowest
point may be one mile) ele—
vated into a mountain range,
the deposits that are going on
to-day, and that have been going on in ages past, would not be verv
unlike those we find at present on our plateaus. mountain sides and
There would be some new species, probably.

There are many formations among the different groups as presented
in the geological section, of peculiar interest and value. Some of these
are anomalous and will require special and perhaps tedious investiga—
tion. Of these may be mentioned petroleum its origin and extent;
sandstone, and alnnzz‘nons controtions,‘ mineral, and so—called magnetic

 

2
..
53
fl
3
7,
o
u
Li.
J
l
3::
'2
E’
E
>«

     

springs; quartz, limestone, and granitoid formations; (lay, cement, marl,
peat, iron, gold and other of the precious metals.

These are some of the things that pertain to our geology, and should
be reckoned among the assets of our natural wealth, but slightly de—
veloped as yet, nevertheless valuable in anticipation, if not in reality.
The marine flora of our S‘acoast embraces in num—
bers of species and range of genera a larger part Of
the Pacific Coast algze. \Vith two or three exceptions all marine
plants belong to this order, which is an important and prominent
member of the CRYI’TUGAMS ~
(hidden flowers), in contradis— '_ ’ . ' i ' '
tinction to the many open and
showy flowers of the fields and
forests, and fresh—water lakes
and streams,—l"hzenoga1ns.

Our people commonly call

Marine Botany.

them “sea 711055033" while in
Europe “sea area’s" is the
term mostly used. Both

terms are to a certain extent

Whittle-3

$3
3"

are

inappropriate. To call our llat

9

red algae a “moss," or the

fine, almost invisible fibres of

[M

a (‘allz'f/zamuimz a “weed," is

somewhatridiculous. Again,
there are, other people who
call all the broad, brownish.
strap—leaved kinds “kelpz”

 

while the broad red or purple
kinds seem to be without a
common name, and the question often comes, “\Yhat is it?"

In Europe, and in Japan and China, the algae are largely employed
in manufactures, agriculture, and other industries. llere they decay
on our beaches, except a few collected for ornamental purposes; and as
a fact we, the inhabitants of this Coast, know little and seem to care
less about them. Hence Professor Leibig erred somewhat in his
“Familiar Lectures on Chemistry,”
before he knew of California), in saying that “every one knows (.3)
that in the immense yet limited expanse (:f the ocean whole worlds of

given many years ago (perhaps

 

  
 

19

plants and animals are mutually dependent upon and successive to
each other. The animals obtain their constituent elements from the
plants, and restore them to the water in their original form, when they
again serve as nourishment to a new generation of plants.”

As far back as I have been able to learn, the prophet Jonah (or who-
soever wrote his history) was the first to record any knowledge of sea
needs from actual observation. His record is short, and not of great
value to the botanist to-day, except as to the moral it teaches. Jonah
was trying to escape the performance of a duty. He was in trouble,
both soul and body—“down
in the mouth” literally as well
as figuratively. See Bible:
JONAH, ii25: “The waters
compassed me about, even to
the soul; the depth closed me
round about; the weeds were
wrapped about my head.”
Jonah was in the Mediterra~
nean Sea somewhere near
Joppa. Whether he was liter—
ally “in the belly of a great
fish,” or only in a “sea of
troubles” with weeds tangled
about him, I care not to de-
cide at this time. But look-
ing at the map it is evident
that Jonah was on that Syrian
coast, in deep water, among
rocks, on a tempestuous sea,
an d t h e sea weeds were
We are informed by recent travelers that
the same kind of weeds that wrapped Jonah’s head 2,700 years ago
still grow on the Syrian coast.

If we should look out along the shores of Monterey Bay almost any
bright morning, it is likely we would behold large patches or fields, so
to speak. of these weeds. And after a storm or rough sea great heaps
may be found scattered along the sandy beaches, and among the rocks
of the shore. Years ago, say 50 to 200, the large coarse weeds were
collected and burned, and the ashes, called 12pr or kilpc, were used in

 

“wrapped about his head.”

N

L.”

A

UI

S"

g

on

O

Stenogramma—Has a nar-
row line in center of each
leaf; 3 fluxlra (animal)
parasite on leaves.

. Nitophyllum—Has many

narrow lines; shining
weed.

Ptilota—Pinnated or feath-
ered on both edges.

.Cladophora—One of the

pure green branching
algze.

. Stem of4, enlarged twenty

diameters.

Callophyllis — Beautiful
leaf.

.Neuroglossum — Nerve

tongue.

. Polysiphonia—Many tubes

or siphons in each sec»
tion of stem.

. Enlarged stem of 8, five

diameters, showing tubes.

. Ceramium—Little pitcher;

the spore cyst resembles
a kind of pitcher.

. Enlarged (twenty diame-

ters) stem of 10.

Schizonema—A filamen-
tous diatom.

 

13. Enlarged (twenty—five di-
ameters) stem of 12; a
structure simply to hold
the little boats or silex
formed cases called nav-
I'ru/a.

14. Enlarged (100 diameters);
a lrustnle of a diatom.

. AmphiroaiOne otthe cor-
11/117!!!" has a calcareous
coating like the coral, but
this when removed shows

’1‘

the alga.
l6. Centroeeras#’l‘his is sim-
ilar to 10.
. Enlarged (twenty diam-
eters) stem of 16.

p

. Plocamium wLace moss;
shows the little berries
(spore cysts) on the
branches.

to. Delesseria quercitoliai

'l‘he oak-leaf delesseria.

20. Microcladia coulteri.

21. Enlarged (five diameters)
of 20; the fruit is similar
to lb.

22. Microcladia borealis—One-

sided moss.
2 . l'lva latissima—Broad-

leaved sea lettuce.

c»:

All these belong to the class
of Rial) ALG.-E. except Nos. 4,
12 and 23,

the manufacture of soap and glass. This Ice/[v was for the most part action. \\'e have the GREEN, such as “sea lettuce," the ()Ll\‘l€-IER()\\'.\',

salts of potash, soda, etc. ()f late years, however, the word lee/p has. such as the large "kelps," and the. RED, such as the “lace moss."
by common usage, come to mean the coarse brown sea weeds them— There are many other organic structures, such as “brown feathers,"
selves. such as were used in former years in obtaining potash and soda, flux/m. “hydroids,” etc.. which belong to the animal kingdom. and
including a genus of land plants called salsola tsalicornia) growing on it is not always *asy for seaside students to distinguish the one from
alkaline flats. known also as barf/lit. the other. ()1in by much handling, the use of microscopes in find-
Ke/p is a word of obscure origin, probably from the word lac/fife. ing the cell and fruiting structures, the color, odor and general be-
being of Scotch or lrish origin, meaning a deceitful spirit of the sea# havior. can we determine these things. Sometimes a bit of sea weed
an imaginary being supposed to warn those of their fate who are to will be almost hidden by diatoms, Soap/zyfes. or other kinds of sea fiora

be drowned. and sometimes to help in their destruction. l’ersons and fauna. So the marine botanist from the first will see many

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
 

falling into the sea often become entangled in these weeds and per— organisms that must be disposed of before progress can be made

ish. llence the word ”fang/c” for the same kind of plants. They in the study of the algae.

are so abundant in some places and at For the help of those who may wish to

become acquainted with the “kelps,” “sea—
weeds." “sea mosses,” or more appro—
priately the ALGAE, I have designed
two groups of figures (Plates I and
II), in which there are some of the
common kinds, as we may see
their forms along our coasts.
Now it is possible that by
means of some of these figures
“the inquirer after knowledge’y

certain seasons, especially midsummer

and early autumn, as to obstruct the f

course of ships and even to serve

in a manner as a {H‘cu/rzealcr.

They are usually the dark

brown or olive colored kinds.
These plants have their

seasons of growth. They dev

pend mainly on the ocean

currents. Some years thty

are verv abundant, and other may, at least, learn the names,

and thus have a key that will open

the door to further inquiry.

tivatcs the crop. He is only a . 7 . . Instead of allowing the marine

reaper, ;\s the winds blast and i ' Congregational Churchfianta Cruz- algze to rot on the shores, as we do,

y *ars the crop is a failure.
No man sows the seed or cul—

freeze the farmer‘s grass and fruit, in like manner the sea currents chill some of the older nations find much wealth in these plants. They are
and nip the tender sea plants even in midsummer. as l have noticed on carefully gathered. and many thousands of the inhabitants of China,
our coast. To all appearances the algze are of spontaneous origin: _lapan and other countries find excellent food. material for many kinds
nevertheless, they bear seed and fruit. and the seed is sown by the of industries, employment for their people. and medicine that is quite
hand of l’Ro'riat's. Look at one of the grm/ Ice/fix, which oftentimes as wholesome. less expensive, and probably quite as effectual, as more
reaches out several hundred feet in length, and the seed may be found, costly importations. llut we have not learned as yet 110w to utilize
with a good microscope, infolded in some part of the broad l‘aves— them. There is a profusion of wealth before us in the various and
but not in the air—cyst, as some might imagine. practically unlimited resources of the sea. As our population in-

The marine algze are placed in <‘I..\ssiis distinguished according to creases we may be induced to reach out and economize these products,
color and modes of reproduction. The color is not always a sure and it will be to our advantage to know where and what they are at
guide, for it is often deceptive, having been changed by some chemical present. so that we may be enabled to place our hands upon them at

21

any time if they are needed. It is a pleasure to examine the many
beautiful mountings and cards of sea mosses that have been prepared
by artistic hands. Collections of this kind prove quite as interesting
as pictures, photographs, or other works of art. If properly pre-
pared and preserved they will retain their color with but little change
for many years. If mounted on cards and kept as engravings should
be kept, in books, or free from dust, light and moisture, time has but
little effect. I have mountings of “Irish moss” (chondrus) and
“Dulse,” (rhodymenia,) collected on the French coast, and mounted
in 1836,—6o years ago,—that

are scarcely changed in color

01‘ tCXtUI‘C.

” How noiseless falls the foot of
Time ~
That only treads on flowers.”

And were these algze only
valued as things of beauty.
still it would repay us to
spend some hours of our

time in contemplating them.
C. L. ANDERSON, M. D.

 

The Christian This church

Church. is situated in
Garfield Park, where the
annual convention of this

body of Christians is held
every summer. The taber—
nacle is a large building
with pleasant surroundings.
The land was donated by Messrs. Fitch. King.
Bushnell, Younglove, Hihn and others, and a cash donation of $3.000
was guaranteed. Rev. David \Valk and Mr. H. F. Yandy were largely
instrumental in getting this Christian encampment located at Santa
Cruz, though they were ably seconded by the business men of Santa
Cruz, and the Santa Cruz Surf, which took an active part in this enter—
prise. This church has a good membership. which every summer is
greatly augmented by members of this faith who come from a distance
to the annual convention, and to camp at Garfield Park for their
summer outing.

 

Episcopal Church,

22

The CathOIiC The faithful and devoted fathers who first preached the
Church. Christian religion on these shores worshiped in a tent.
After that rose the humble adobe mission where the early settlers and
Then in 1858 the 01d
mission was replaced by the present adobe church, in which the ser—
vices were administered until after the coming of the present incum-
bent, liather Hugh McNamee, who saw that the times were ripe for
something more befitting his congregation, though there are many
devout Catholics living here whose affections still cling to the quaint

old building where they wor-
The
church where wotship is now
held is a handsome building
a fine
position Hill;
next to it stands the pastor's
h o u s e in kept
grounds. and then the old
church. The new church cost
about $35,000. James Phelan
and C
Cruz. and .\[rs/_Tames hair of
San l’rancisco. were among
the
the fund. but every one in the

Indian converts used to worship together.

shiped in their youth.

of brick occupying
on Mission

its well

11. Younger of Santa

largest contributors to
parish worked with a will,
the poorest giving as much
in proportion as the very
- richest. and on September
santa cruz' 15. 1889. the church was dedicated with imposing
ceremonies, the Right Reverend lirancis Mora. llishop of Monterey
and Los Angeles. and many other distinguished priests. being present.
In September, 18m, the centennial anniversary of the founding of the
mission, a handsome granit ‘ arch was placed in front of the church,
This arch
The
church is in a prosywrous condition, with a large congregation. whose
spiritual needs are well looked after by the pastor. liather Hugh

McNamee.

the gift of the people of Santa Cruz. irrespective of creed.
lends additional effect to the stately architecture of the church.

The ”’5‘ This church was organized in 1858, with Rcv. Charles ‘ They held services in Y. M. C. A. and Masonic halls until 1890," when
Baptist Church. '

Sprague as pastor. Efforts were made to procure a l they rented the Unity Church building on Walnut Avenue. In a
plot of ground in the central part of the town, but failed at that time. short time they bought a lot on the corner of Pacific Avenue and
Deacon Guild and his wife, who were the first two members in Santa . Cathcart Street, and, having bought the Unity Church building,
Cruz, gave a fine piece of ground on Locust Street. Here a church l they removed it to this location, where they now have a large and
was built, and dedicated August 11, 1867, by Rev. J. T. Ludlow of l flourishing church society.

San Francisco. In 1886 Rev. 'l‘. M. Merriman became pastor, and The First The first meeting called to organize this church was held
the question of removing to \Valnut Avenue was again agitated. The Congregational May 25’ 1857, the following people being present:
pastor was greatly helped by Chaplain Scott of the United States Church. \V'illiam Anthony and wife, Joseph Ruffner, Richard
Army, and in February, 1887, a lot was bought on the corner of \\'al- \\'illiams, Thomas Pilkington, C. C. Anthony, Rev. T. W. Hinds, Dr.

nut Avenue and Center Street. In the following july a
series of concerts were given by Chaplain Scott, who was
then encamped with his regiment in Santa Cruz. .\ con—
siderable sum was raised, and it was decided to
move the church. The last meeting on
Locust Street was held August 14,

1887, and a few days later the

church edifice was removed to
\Yalnut Avenue. It was dedi—

c a t e d November 20, 1887,
Chaplain Scott preaching the
sermon. This church has a

A. \V. Rawson, and Rev. William Brayton of San Jose. The ques-
tion of making the organization a Presbyterian or a Congregational
one \vas for some time undecided. At the fourth meeting,

which was a very large one, the question was put to

vote and found to be a tie. Then the Presby—
terians present said that if the Congrega—
tionalists would accept the confession

of faith of the San Francisco

Howard Street Church (Pres-
byterian) they would organize
with them under the Congre-
gational system of church gov-
ernment. This was settled upon,
William Anthony and Thomas
Pilkington being elected dea—
cons. The first church building
was erected on Church Street on a
large plot of ground. The first pas—

  
   
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  

large membership, and a good
S u n d a y School attendance.
Many improvements have been
added to the building since its
removal, the principal one being

Christian Church Tabernacle.

the purchase of a fine pipe organ.

There is also a small llaptist Church in Branciforte. the land for which 1 my was Rev. 1, S, Zelie, the next one Dr. W_ C_ Bartlett, afterwards
was given by Calvin (iault of that district. At Twin Lakes there is editor of the San Francisco evening Bulletin. Next came Dr. Walter
also a Baptist Church. a very pretty little building of good architecture. ? Iii-ear, and then Dr. S. H. W’illey, Rev. M. Willet, Dr. Cruzan, and
The Presbyterian There have always been a goodly number of Pres— Rev. J. Taylor, the present pastor. During the pastorate of Rev. M.
Church. byterians in Santa Cruz, but they had no church 1 \Villet, who was with this church for a number of years, the present
organization until 1889, when Rev. T. D. Seward came here for that ‘ handsome church building was erected. It is a large and commodious
purpose. Their first services were held in the Y. M. C. A. hall on 1 building, having all the latest ideas in church architecture, fine parlors
June 2d, and on the following Sunday the Sunday school was organ— ‘ for social gatherings, with large Sunday school, reception and class
ized. On June 30th a church was organized with thirty members. rooms. There is also a fine pipe organ, the gift of the Cheerful Work-
John P. Twist, George \V. Alexander and A. M. JohnSton were chosen ‘ ers, a flourishing society connected with the church. The membership
elders, and Gilbert Goodwin and Gavin Aitchison were made deacons. } of the church and Sunday school is large and its societies flourishing.

23

The Methodist Elihu Anthony organized the first society under the R. K. Vestal. E. L. \\'illia1ns. The ground was donated by Joseph

Church. discipline of the Methodist Church in March. 18.18. lloston and wife. The following clergymen have been rectors in
with the following membership: B. A. Case and wife, A. A. Hecox charge since its organization: Revs. C. 1“. Loop. G. A. Easton, I. L.
and wife, Elihu Anthony and wife. Miss Jane \r'enando, Mrs. Lynn. \‘er. Mehr. Robert Scott. (i. H. \Vard. 1. C. Atkinson. and C. O. Til—
Caroline Matthews, Silas Hitchcock. Mary A. Dunlevy and M. Reed. lotson. the present rector. Chaplain \‘aux officiated at different
Elihu Anthony served as preacher until 1850. when Rev. James \\'. times but never accepted the position as rector. The church is a
Bryer was engaged as pastor. The first quarterly meeting was held in pretty little building of (iothic architecture covered with ivy. Its
1850 under the charge of Rev. \Villiam Taylor now Bishop Tayl lor of interior is neat and pleasing in every way. It has a good membership
Africa. In this year a small place of worship was built which was and Sunday school. with two flourishing church organizations. the
also used as a schoolhouse It was dedicated by g l‘arish Guild and St. Agnes Guild.

Rev. William Taylor. In this building w or— _' ’ A dreamy. go<)d—for—nothing

. . 3' 0n the Wharf. . . . .

ship was held untll the new church was - . 1dle (l nught spell it 1dyl)

summer day spent on the Santa
Cruz wharf is a thing long to be
remembered. Not such a day

as when the [Vulture/[111111 and
.l/wzadamc/c were lying out in
the bay. and the wharf was
alive with a constant succession

erected 011 Mission Hill in 1862.
There have been twenty—five pas—
first organization. the present
pastor being H. F. Briggs, who

tors over the church since its
comes of a preaching family.
Under each of these pastors the
church grew and flourished and

is now one of the leading relig—
ious bodies of this town. All

of its societies are well attended.

and as a church it is foremost

in all good works. “hen the
Congregational Church moved
into its new quarters on Lincoln
Street. the Methodist society bought
their property. and. after spending

of visitors to these famous ves~
sels.*alive with the gay toilets
of the ladies. the/handsome 1111i—
forms of the ships. officers. and
the crowds of marines who
were making the most of their
opportunities on shore. Not

  

such a day by any means. but just
a quiet. ordinary summer day. when

Auditorium. Twin Lakes.

the waters of the bay lie a dazzling

quite a sum of money 011 improvements. took possession in the winter : blue against the dim col‘ored cliffs in the distance. when the fishing
of 1892. having sold their former church property to the trustees of i boats which have been out all night rock idly to and fro with sails
the public school. furled. and seem to be sleeping in the shadow of the wharf. Sitting
Calvary Episcopal The corner stone of Calvary Church was laid. \Ved— along the side of the wharf with fishpole in hand. one can make a pre—
Church. nesday. June 29. [86.1. on St. l‘eter s Day. with the ‘ tense of fishmg. wlule he steeps his soul in the sunshine and lazily notes

following clergymen officiating: Rey. ' C. 1“. Loop. ‘ the goings—on. it‘s a free and easy place. if any of the amateur fishers
Calvary Cl hurch. Santa Cruz. Rev. D. I). Ch 1apin. Trinit\ Chmch. San } catch a fish. the others. if they are not too lazy. lounge up to him and
Jose: Rev. G. A. Easton Of San Mateo. The vestry at that time eon— ‘ make comments on its size. family. pedigree and so 011. throwing in a
sisted of Richard Savage. senior warden: H. 1:. Parsons. junior war— 3 few personal remarks maybe. or offering friendlv advice as to bait and
den: Alex Russell. Edmr .d Iones. Edward liender. Samuel Sharp. f the like. without the formalitv of an introduction. There are alwavs

 

24

plenty of amateur fishers of both sexes lining the sides of the wharf. returning sportsmenz—that is. if it is a good day for salmon fishing.

Often they make quit1 a catch. and oftener they don‘t. for the thouss ()therwise the returning sportsmen bring back only marvelous stories
ands of small fish that swim round the wharf are very wary. while the of the bites they h 1ave had. and its quite a study to watch them come up
mackerel dart through the shoals of sart dines like sneaks of lij1l1t.and t he long stairway from the water with a kind of wilted expression as
it takes a regular trout fisher to bring one of them out of the water. though the\ \\011l( d like to land where there were not quite so many
llere among a heap of brown nets sits a swarthy fisherman meud- spectators.
ing away diligently. and singing to himself. Taken with his surrouud— 1 ()ne I saw meander up these stairs with a disgusted look on his in—
ings he looks quite picturesque. in his weatherrbcatcn clothes. his «1e11uous face until he neared the top. when he caught sight of a pretty
dilapidated hat. and the red kerchief tied about his neck. 51i1l 111 while with a natty scallet jacket. Instantly he straightened up,
.1\ little farther on is a group of priyates from the Regulars who are and at hel questions regalding his luck poured out a gorgeous descrip—
encamped at (iarfield l’ark. .\ jaunty tion of the tremendous escapes he‘d had from catching any—
11urse—girl in white is openly . thing. until she looked as proud as if
111aking eyes at them.wl1ile her he’d brought in a school Of
young charge makes :1 peril— 7 whales. 1 really think from the
ous (live towards the edge of way she swallowed it all that
the wharf and is brought to :1 , they had only lately been mar—

sudden stop by one of the fish ried. *lut salmon fishing is glo—
rious sport. and the run here in
summer is splendid. bringing
many people from a distance to
indulge in this sport. One man I
know. a big. fat. jolly fellow. went
0 ut for salmon one day and
brought back a sun—fish weighing 65
pounds. That was a pretty good
catch. as to size. so he went after
another one and got a good haul of sea
bass His friends liked those so well that

ermen who is cleaning fish at
a big1 table. I 1etty soon 11 boat
load of fish comes in. and every
one starts for the landing place
to see what the catch has been.

   
 
  
  

This is no amateur's boat. It has
a big load. but that is an every—
day affair with those aboard. and
they scoop the fish out of the hole
tom of the boat and send them 11p
basketful after basketful with a calm

indifference slightly aggrayating to one i Santa Cruz Wharf. he went after more of ’em and this time brought
who sits on the wharf and feels joyful oyer catching a few back a thirty—eight pound salmon. That satisfied him that
small perch. The work of cle1111i11;1 is \ ery e\ \ peditiously lone by two he could catch almost anything that swims. and he now rests on a well—
or three men at the big table: then they a1e weighed 1i11d afterwards earned reputation. I went out myself once and caught—pangs—noth—
washed in a very primitiye manner by being put in the baskets again ing more. lirom the wharf one has a fine View of the curve of the bay
and soused in the water under the wharf. after which they are packed and the shores that lie along it. of Seabright. Twin Lakes, with its
for transportation. by this time the interest in this catch is over. and pretty little llaptist Church. East—cliff. beneath whose heights the San
the onlookers subside into their former business of doing nothing. or Lorenzo flows into the bay. the foothills and mountains in the dis-
fishing. This being the salmon s 1asou a great many people <1o out tance. with Loma l’rieta towering over all. Beach Hill. with the Sea
with the fishermen forth at nobles port. and. as the boats come in one l‘11ach llotel overlooking the bay. and the beach. gay with its many
after another. some beautiful salmon 111et1i11mp hantly displayed by the colored tents. _lapanese umbrellas. and the crowd of summer Visitors.

25

The California Powder Works.

HE California Powder \Vorks, situated on the San Lorenzo River ‘
two and a half miles north of the city of Santa Cruz. have been 1
for thirty years the chief industrial feature of the county. They I
were established for the purpose of supplying the Pacific Coast
with blasting powder for mining and railroad work, and with sporting
and military powders. But in process of time dynamite replaced blast—
ing powder for the most part, and brown and smokeless powders
superseded black gunpowder.

In these improvements the California Powder \Yorks rather led.
until they comprised six distinct plants, every one of them on a scale 1
worthy of an independent company. These are: I. The
original black powder mills. 2. Dynamite works at Pinole,
on the bay of San Francisco. 3. Gun cotton works at
Pinole. 4. Brown prismatic powder works at Santa
Cruz. 5. Smokeless powder works at Santa Cruz.

6. A cartridge factory at Santa Cruz. The quality of
the goods turned out at these works is made apparent
by the light of these facts:

I. The black blasting powder is valued. wherever
used, at twenty—five cents per keg more than any
other powder of its kind.

2. Dynamite.—Three-fifths of all the dynamite con—
sumed west of the Rocky Mountains is manufactured
and sold by the California Powder \Vorks under the
name of HERCULES POWDER, besides an immense quan-
tity exported to countries bordering on the Pacific Ocean.

—all honest goods, containing the percentage of nitroglycerine Sup,
purported by its marks. ‘
3. Gun cotton, the basis of smokeless powders. and for torpedoes.
etc., is made by the hydro—cellulose process. which alone permits per- 1
feet nitration of the fibre. This process is followed only at these works. 1
although known to all chemists and approved by them. The “hank” l

process is followed at other works because it is easier.

4. Brown prismatic powder for high—power breech—loading cannon.
—Of this the press invented by Mr. \Villiam C. Peyton. Assistant Sup—
erintendent of the works, delivers up prisms of powder of absolutely

uniform specific gravity. This enables the artillerist to calculate with

26

 

Bernard Peyton,
. California Powder Works.

precision the effect of every shot, and is so much esteemed by the Gov—
ernment that it has delivered, at the company's proving ground, an
equipment of modern guns for use in the testing of the powder before
its acceptance for service. All the powder required for the Pacific
and Asiatic fleets of l'nited States ships. and for Pacific harbor and
coast defense. is obtained from these works.

5. Smokeless powder.—\\'hen the Krag—Jorgensen .30 calibre rifie
was adopted by the United States Army. the Ordnance Corps pro-
cured samples of all the smokeless powders manufactured in Europe
and America for competitive tests. The sample offered by the Califor-

nia Powder \\'orks under the name of PEYToN PowDER was

judged to be the best of all, and from that time to this

the Peyton Powder, made at Santa Cruz and trans—

ported across the continent, has been exclusively

employed in the manufacture of cartridges for the

new weapon. lts properties are fully described

in the Ordnance Reports. The same powder has

proved equally efficacious for field artillery, and

its adaptation to the heavier calibres is now being
carried out. /_

6. Smokeless shotgun powder.—.\fter four
years of study and experimentation this has
recently been perfected in a powder called C. P.

\\'. SMOKELEss. upon which the company bases its
reputation when the cartridges are loaded at their
factory. or rightly loaded elsewhere. Cartridges are
so loaded for two uses: those for clay—pigeon trap shooting are
known as X.\'r1vE SON CARTRIDGES; the others are used for live birds
at the trap and for field shooting. No sportsman shooting a Native

Son cartridge. with aim straight at the pigeon. fails to bring it down,

nor does he, after once using the Native Son. ever trust another brand.

This powder has an equally good reputation in nitro shells for general

field purpose. In quickness it is unexalnpled. with never a ”hang—fire.”

whilst for safety. pattern. penetration and cleanliness it is unsurpassed.

The California Powder \Vorks are rated as second to none in Europe
or America. whether the magnitude of their Operations be considered,
or their skillful use of the best knowledge of their art: and it is certain

 

 

 

I’RX‘V x' « y , - p . _ GENERAL VIEW.
5.1, I‘IL 0“ng Ru». THE CALIFORNIA POWDER WORKS. S-INCII RIFLE USED IN TESTS, CARTRIDGE LOADER.

that their high position in the manufacturing world will never be
lightly surrendered. _

The California Powder \Vorks are very fortunate in respect to loca—
tion. The canyon of the San Lorenzo supplies them with an abuns
dance of wood and water, and their proximity to the sea and to the
railway gives them the requisite facilities of transportation.

The superintendent of the works, Col. Bernard l’eyton, is a gentle~
man of the old school, with courtly manners, and of a most command—
ing presence. His likeness appears on the preceding page.

Mr. William C. Peyton,
the Assistant Superintendent,
although a young man, has
already distinguished himself
as the inventor of the before—
mentioned press. The entire
family is deservedly loved
and respected by the em—
ployees of the company for
the kindly and active inter—
est they take in their affairs.
This school,
which is at—
tached t0 the
Church of the Holy Cross,
w a s founded in 1862 by
Father Angelo Casinova and
Sister Carsinia. It was incor-

School of the
Holy Cross.

and laughter on the playground give abundant evidence of the quality
of that care and attention. The curriculum of this school embraces a
thorough English course, with music, drawing. painting, fine needle—
work, and the languages.

The In the county of Santa Cruz ther‘ are 5,483 school
Public Schools of children between the ages of five and seventeen,
Santa Cruz. In the

citv of Santa Cruz there are 2,140 school children and 495 under the

and under five years of age there are 1,771.

:\ll these are given the privilege of a libe‘al education,
beginning with the wee ones

age of five.

in the kindergarten, and end—
ing with the boys and girls,
or rather young ladies and
gentlemen, who stand with
their High School diplomas
in hand. demanding admit—
tance to the State t'niversity

at Berkeley, or the Stanford

l'niversity at l’alo .\lto: for
the

earned a High School diplo—

boy or girl who has
ma in Santa /t_‘ruz can pass
into either of these universi—
ties without further examina-
tion, such is the grade main—
tained by the schools of this

All

small city by the sa

 

porated as an academy, day
school, boarding-school and
orphanage.
charge of ten Sisters, who faithfully fulfill the duty of t‘aining the
young minds and hearts of the children put in their charge. The
building is a large and airy one on one of the most beautiful sites in
Santa Cruz. It is well fitted for the work in hand,
halls, its reception rooms, school rooms, dm‘mitories and dining halls
are models of beautiful order and cleanliness. There are about 100
day scholars, and 100 resident pupils. among which are the orphans.
who all receive the same loving care and attention whether they are
rich or poor, and whose happy, healthy appearance and merry shouts

It is under the

and its spacious

 

Holy Cross School.

through this \Vestern cotm—
try, the first thought of its
*arly settlers was. just as
soon as they had gained a foothold, to educate their children. and to
do it in the best manner possible. They never lost sight of that id ‘21,
and year after year they have kept pace with ‘acb and every phase
of educational advancement.
with them all.

.\n<l Santa Cruz County has kept pace
The county of Santa (‘ruz has ()9 schools and 127
t‘achers, teachers and schools being equally well equipped for their
work. ln the city of Santa t‘ruz the High School building occupies a
large plot of ground on Walnut Heights,
and was finished last fall 1181);).

It is a handsome building.
lts cost was about $25,000. and it

has all of the latest improvements in school architecture in lighting. the main room. The rooms are kept bright and attractive by the

ventilation and sanitary arrangements. librarian, Miss \\'aterman. and every day finds a gathering of apprecia-

Its corps of teachers comprises I). C. Clark. principal: Lillian .v\. tive readers around the tables in the reading room. The summer vis-
Howard. vice—principal; \\‘. \\'. \\'ilson. Ruth Merrill. Mary Ilurke. ‘ itUI‘S to Santa Cruz find the library a very pleasant place to spend a
H. Ii. Cox. .»\nnie .\ustin. Iithel R. Ilradshaw. Nettie Newman. The few hours. and they are not slow to avail themselves of all its privi—
Mission Hill school. formerly the High School. stands on a lofty ter— . 105408. To the pupils in the public schools it iS 0f incalculable benefit,
race. commanding one of the finest views in the city. It is a grammar and 0’6le afternoon they may be seen hunting up facts and references.
school with ten teachers. as follows: Mary Ii. Morgan. Nettie Tro— 1 There are about 4,000 books taken from the library during each
vinger. Carrie I3. Iinnor. Marian Ii. Seaver. Millie Cox. Jessie I)is— ‘ 111011tll.€x€e])t I during the summer months, when the number
brow, Mabel L. I)rennan. Iivelyn I’ope. Ilertha Morgan. ;\gnes Iiffey. ' is somewhat greater. The library was first organized in June,

  
  
  
  
   
  
 
 
  

.lranciforte School in Iiast Santa Cruz has for teachers \\'. T. For ' 1868. 311d at
syth, Ilessie (i. I’Iaslam. .\deline Ilecker. Marie I’ioda. Jennie I1.

an election for trustees during the second meeting
the following gentlemen were chosen to fill
that office: C. L. Anderson, F. J. McCann,
Lucien Heath. Albert Hagen, Paul Pioda,
Vt’alter Frear and Joseph Boston. Dr. C. L.
Anderson was elected president of the
board of trustees, and has held that
office many times in the past years.
In 1870 John Brazer donated a
room for the library, and his ser-
vices as librarian, and the library
was opened permanently in
March, 1870.
In April, 1872, the library
was moved to A. J. Hinds'
store. and he became librarian.

Radke. (,‘Ia‘a Steinmetz. Minnie Sullivan. .\nn T.
I’orter.
Laurel School.~Jean Ii. (iraham. Stella
Iiinkeldey. Mabel Merrill. Mary Ii. Jami—
son. Mabel Lincoln, Josie Reardon.
Ilay \'ie\\' SchooI.——T. J. IIrady.
Iidith Case. :\Iice Ilarlow.
(irant School. Iiast Santa Cruz.—
;\da M. \\'hite. Minnie \\'enck.
(iault School. Iiast Santa Cruz.—
.-\nna .\IcSweeney. Ruby ()rdway.
Kindergarten—I-ulu Miles, .\lice
I'Iight.
Substitute t’acher. Sarah J.

IIolyer. ' ’ ' '7 , M- , 'A I In March. 1876, the library was
The County Superintendent. J. \\'. Linscott. Santa 0“” High S°h°°'- again moved. this time to two rooms in
has served in that capacity fourteen years. and I). (i. Clark has been ' the \\'hidden building. In I88I the trustees decided to turn the
the principal of the Santa Cruz schools for twelve years. The IIoard library over to the city for a liree I’ublic Library and Reading Room.
of Iidncation is composed of the following members: I). C. Clark. and the first tax for its maintenance was levied on October 2, 1882.
president: J. \\'. Linscott. secretary: Miss M. Ii. liaker. \\'. T. Iiorsyth. ;\t the city election held .-\pril I4, 1884, the following trustees were
J. II. Mcliwen. (l. J. Lincoln is clerk of the Iloard of Iidncation elected: Ilr. I’. II. Iiagen, Ii. \V. ,Iiliss. E. Spalsbury, C. L. Ander-
of Santa Cruz. son. Ii. L. \\iilliams. On ‘May 6th they took the oath of office. E.
Santa Cruz has reason to be proud of its Iiree Library. L. \\'illiams was elected president. and Peter Hinds was appointed

:11; Library. It occupies a handsome suite of rooms in the Hotaling 3 librarian. On May 13th the president Was authorized to draft a set
building on Pacific ;\venue. and contains over twelve of rules and regulations governing the Free Library, and on May 19th

thousand volumes, exclusive of the periodicals. of which there is a i these rules and regulations were adopted. March I, 1889, W. T.
large list. There are two reading rooms and a chess—room. besides I§ittridge was elected librarian. at which time the library was in the

.29

City Hall building. June 3, 1890, Miss Minerva \Vaterman was liarly lively and entertaining, and there are many who miss his

elected librarian, and the Ladies’ Improvement Society was given the delightful Sunday morning talks. Mr. Briggs is a young man whose
use of the rooms one evening in the month. style is very flowing. Under the able supervision of Mr. McPherson,

In 1894 the trustees thought it advisable to move the library to more Mr. Briggs promises to develop into an editorial writer who may be
commodious quarters, and the City Council agreed to pay the first able to fill Mr. McPherson’s chair when that gentleman at last lays
eight months’ rent, bills aggregating $250, and furnish fuel and thir— down the pen. Mr. McPherson himself is famed for the unique orig-
teen electric lights. Mr. Hotaling gave the use of the rooms for the inality of his style. He is equally at home in prose or rhyme, and some
first five months free, the next seven at a rental of $30 per month, the l of his more touching verses have been quoted all over California.
three following years at $40 per month, and the fifth year at $50 per . Mr. McPherson is eminently a self—made man, and his style was not

month. The change was soon made, and on the opening
night a fine literary and musical programme
was furnished by the teachers of the

public schools. Many new books

and periodicals are constantly ‘
being added to its already abun— *
dant store, and our library can
compare favorably with any in
the State, either in size, quality
or management.

formed after any hackneyed model of the schools. He
has been a candidate for office many times in the

past thirty years, and once refused the Con-
gressional nomination tendered him by the
Republican party in this district. In 1896

he was chosen to represent the Doge of
Venice in the Santa Cruz Venetian

\\'ater Carnival, and the command—

   
  
 
  
  
   
 
 
 
 
  
 
   

l1}

ing and graceful manner in which

he fulfilled the duties of that dig—
: uified office drew forth immense
i applause.

The newspa—
pers of Santa
Cruz County
are pretty much like all other
country journals,——interesting
as chronicles of small local hap—
penings. There are three daily
newspapers published in Santa ‘
Cruz city,—the Penny Press, the

The Newspapers
of the County.

 

The Surf is alt/evening paper,
edited by A. .\. Taylor. The Surf
at one time was a paper of almost

metropolitan pretensions, but of
late years has adapted itself to its
environment. It is a very good
daily paper for a small city. The

 

Sentinel and the Surf. The Sentinel and Laurel Street School, Santa Cruz. brightest feature of the paper is the work of
Sm’f also issue weekly editions. \Vatsonville has one daily, the Reg— Mrs. Isabel Raymond. an excellent newspaper writer.
lster, and three weeklies, the Pajaronian, the Rustler and the Transcript. The Penny Press was founded as a morning paper by Phil Francis
The oldest paper in the county is the Daily Sentinel. which is con— in April. 1895. It is the pioneer one—cent daily of California. Started
ducted by Messrs. McPherson & \Naldron. The editorial work of the without capital and as an experiment, it made a great success and went
Sentinel is done by Duncan McPherson and Horace Briggs. Before ‘ to the front of the procession in the matter of subscribers in a very
the advent of Mr. Briggs, W. D. Storey was associated with Mr. short time. lu October. 1896. the paper was sold to Carroll Carring—\
McPherson in the arduous labors of editing the Sentinel. It is diffi— ton. whose editorials. to quote his own words, “have met with favor
cult to say which of these three gentlemen excels. Each has admirers. which the gods could not bestow on many without impeaching their
Mr. Storey is distinguished for vast information on every subject under immortal discrimination.” Mr. Carrington’s style is modeled on that
the sun, and a native modesty that is charming. His style is pecu— of Ambrose Pierce and is highly praised by eminent critics.

307

The \Vatsonville 1’0/211‘0111'1111 is a model country weekly. It is owned
and edited by W. R. Radcliff, is Republican in politics, and is recog-
nized as the organ of that party in Santa Cruz County.

The Rustler, published at \\'atsonville, is edited by Joe Hethering-
ton, and is one of those few papers which can truly be called indepen-
dent. It is absolutely honest and fearless, and has done much, very
much, for the public good. May its days be long in the land.

The daily Register, an evening paper, and the weekly 'I‘ranseripz‘, are
published at \Vatsonville by Geo. \V. I’eckham. '_

The Register is the organ of the Democratic m

 
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
   
 

party. Its editor is a man of prominence
in the Pajaro Valley.

In addition to the regularly is—
sued newspapers, the young
men and young women of the
Santa Cruz High School print an
excellent monthly, called the
“Santa Cruz lli."
superior to the average school paper.
The valleys and uplands

It is very much

The Camping

Resorts of Of Santa Cruz County
Santa on” offer tempting invita—
County. tions to those who like

to spend part of the year in the en—

I

1
l
l
l

l

plenty for the guns of the sportsmen. A month or two spent in this
pleasant way brings health and strength to the weak and tired, and
writes the man of business a new deed of years. For those who wish
to enjoy a few days or weeks of life in the woods without the trouble
of pitching their own tents, there are several pleasant resorts where
comfortable cabins have been erected, which are let at a nominal
rate. And there are other resorts at which dozens of tents are put up
for rent, and board is furnished to the campers, usually at the reason—
able figure of $20 per month. In this way women and chil-

dren can enjoy camping, sure of pleasant companions and

ample protection, when, as it often happens, the men
of the family cannot leave town and business to
accompany the wives and daughters. For that
matter, though, camp life is such a universal
thing in this part of California that the tiniest
tent in the loneliest dell attracts no atten-
tion, and the occupants are perfectly
‘ secure from dangers of any sort. The
' cool, still nights bring sweet and undis—
turbed sleep to every tent, and the long
balmy days are full of comfort and rest.
It is the fashion, where a
company of tents are
pitched in one place, for
the occupants to gather at
nightfall around a huge

 

joyment of camp life. The. im—
mense redwood groves, the C()( )l
mountain streams, the innumerable

springs, are all that the experienced
tent—dweller desires, and all summer long

the hills are dotted with the white dwellings
of thousands of jolly folk limiting rest and
recreation and health.
ing from two to a dozen or more tents in company, and so making
quite a village of congenial inhabitants by the side of some delightful
stream, under the cool shade of the colossal redwoods. Arrangements
are easily made to have such a camp supplied with the daily food
necessaries, such as milk, fresh meat, vegetables and the like, and the
presence of a hired cook makes the work of the ladies of the party very

light. The mountain streams abound in trout, and there is game in

   
  
  

campfire and while away the
evening with gossip and
story and song. These
gatherings are peculiarly de—
lightful. The great fire,piled high

a

It is the fashion to go in parties, pitch— "”55”" Street S°h°°‘- with logs, leaps and crackles and snaps and fills the aisles of

the forest with a ruddy glow. The rushing stream sparkles and
gleams in the firelight. The merriment of the jolly crowd makes the
woods ring. And when finally the fire burns low, and the company
disperses, each goes to one’s own tent and sleeps the dreamless sleep of
babyhood, with the odor of the pines all about, and overhead only the
stillness of the night and the smiling stars looking down from the
great dome of God’s temple.

U”""°mno

 

CAMPING AT SULPHUR SPRINGS.

For those hardy and adventurous souls who like the stern reali- , off for a day's visit, at least, to their neighbors in the timber. The
ties of actual camp life in the wilderness, the Big Basin" region l almost universal liking for camp life in California is doubtless partly
Offers every facility. Leaving the pretty mountain town of lloulder l due to the habits necessarily adopted by the pioneers. and by them
I taught their sons. The delightful climate, too, has its share in foster—
ing this liking for outdoor life, the warm days, the cool nights and the
l absolute certainty that no rain will fall making a tent in the woods a
streams that swarm with fish. and the forest is alive with game of ‘ joy to dream of. And besides there is a fascination in the giant trees

.-

Creek, the camper soon plunges into the primeval forest. as yet
untouched by ax or saw. Here are giant trees, straight as a plummet,
three hundred feet high and yards in circumference. Here are

all kinds. The “Big llasin" is the finest hunting and fishing resort that is indescribable“ The Eastern reader can scarcely understand the
in all California, and it is also one of the loveliest and most picturesque reverent awe and gladness‘ with which one stands at the feet of the
spots in all this picturesque and lovely land. ft is, in fact. a great redwoods, many of which were stately
noble and glorious park, laid out by Nature herself.
Ben Lomond Mountain and its foothills attract
thousands of campers who merely seek outdoor life,
to be had with as little sacrifice of home comfort
as possible. There are hundreds of delightful
camping places all about the villages of [ten
Lomond and of Boulder Creek, and
thousands, during the season, take
advantage of them. Looking down
from the top of the mountain, one
sees unrolled at his feet a glori<i>us
panorama of valley and bay and
sea, a scene which has been pro-
nounced by travelers to be as
beautiful as any in the world.
Around Felton the campers' tents
are also plentiful in the summer.
The famous grove of ”Big Trees"

young trees centuries before the angelic choir
announced to the awe—struck shepherds
that in Bethlehem of Judea the Lord
Christ was born of a virgin. They
are so noble, so splendid, so solemn
and so old, these giants of the
ages, that communion with them
lifts the soul above the little
carking cares of our small lives,
and brings it close to the great
heart of Nature and God. It is
a very wise and pleasant thing
to do,——t0 go out for a few
weeks each year. and, leaving
behind the vexations of every—
day life, get very near to the
infinite goodness. The real rest
obtained more than compen—
. ~ . ‘ sates. by energy developed. for
of noble redwoods. In the moun— How the Little Tots Enjoy Camping Life. time spared from business.

 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  

259

is in this neighborhood. a group

 

tains about Highland and Skyland a great many people spend their The The Bay of Monterey, whose bright waters lap the coast line
summer vacations. ln fact the whole county is dotted with delightful FiSherieS- of the County of Santa Cruz, and which really ought to be
spots in which to hammer tent—pins. and the real use and pleasure of known as the Bay of Santa Cruz.’teems with fish. Perhaps no other
this sort of life can be enjoyed by the poorest. There is a fascination body of water of equal size contains such enormous quantities of food
about camping out which takes hold strongly upon even the dullest fishes. In speaking of this fact, Dr. C. L. Anderson says. in his valu-
imagination. No people take more kindly to the natural advantages of able work entitled, “The Natural History of Santa Cruz County:”
the county of Santa Cruz in this line than do those who live right here. “This (the number of species of food fishes) might be expected when
Nearly every family in the city “takes to the woods“ once a year. and we consider the climate and other physical features of this body of
those who can't get away for a prolonged stay usually manage to slip water. 0n the Santa Cruz shore the coast is mainly of shale. with

33

rather a soft. rocky shore. with not very deep water. and. consequently.
somewhat warmer than the ocean temperature. abounding in a rich
marine flora—conditions favorable to the breeding. protection and
growth of fish. There are streams and lagoons also. in which many
kinds are accommodated. On the east and southeast the shores are
flat and sandy, and many tide channels and lagoons abound where cer—
tain kinds of fish find food and abundant places for breeding. 0n the
southern shore are hard granitoid rocks. coarse and fine sand. and
plenty of shelter among the rocks projecting from elevated ledges sur-
rounded by deep water. favorable for rock fish and other similar kinds.
The bottom of the bay is cut by submarine valleys. *1 r“ ‘5‘ Thus. it will
be seen. Monterey Bay has the elements for sustaining a large and va—
ried fauna of great value to the present
and future population of this region."

Prof. David Starr Jordan. Presi—
dent of Stanford Cniversity, in a
paper published by the United
States Fish Commission, says:
“Probably there is no locality of
the same area on the Pacific Coast
that contains a greater number
of species of food fishes."

As a matter of course the fish—
eries have long been a source of
considerable revenue to Santa
Cruz County. But the pos—
sibilities of the industry
have never been realized in
the one-hundredth part of
what it should be. The fisheries
are conducted, for the most part. by ltalian and Portuguese firms. and
chiefly, if not wholly. with a view to supplying the markets of the cities
Of Santa Cruz. \Yatsonville. and partly those of the metropolis—San
Francisco. On the Monterey shore there is a whaling establishment.
and the day I write this the whaling crews have just captured three
great whales almost in sight of the City of fanta Cruz. But the ship-
ments of the fishermen here amount to no more than a ton or so per
day, whereas. conducted on the scale the business is capable of. there
ought to be canned right here enough trout. sardines. and the like.

Eleven Salmon Weighing 200 Pounds, Caught
With Hook and Line in Two Hours

In Santa

to supply the whole l’acific Coast. The supply of sardines is simply

amazing. The waters of the bay are often absolutely thick with them.
a net drawn through the mass never fails to come up as full as it
can hold. The sardine industry here simply awaits a man with capital
and enterprise. The conditions are perfect. Here are ready markets,
rail and water carriage. the fish. and all about the olives to furnish the
oil. The sardine product of California ought to be known everywhere.

The fishermen say they could make money delivering the fish for $3 a

ton. In certain months the machinery of the factory and the help
could be employed to can a
. part of the immense fruit

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  

and vegetable output of the
county. There is no ques—
tion that such an enterprise
would yield good dividends.
and if the opportunity existed
anywhere else but in this (fa/(e
far have
ago.
There are in the bay over 150

Ink/zit land it would

been seized upon long
species of food fishes. as classified

The

greatest

Commission.
in” the
abundance are rock cod. tom-

by the [Tish

varieties taken
cod. salmon. sea bass. t‘loun—
der. perch. barracuda. mack-
erel. herring. tunny. bonito
The principal
fishing tleets are those of Messrs.

and pompano.

    

0“” Bay' l’erez and .\maya.

Deep 598 Trolling Fishing at Santa Cruz. till within the last three
at 58’1“? Cruz. years. was a merely commercial pursuit in the hands
of a few Portuguese. Italians and half—breed Spaniards. who were c011—
tent to drag the teeming waters of .\T(')nterey llay with their nets. The
bay would never have been known to fishermen as one, of the best
places in the world for noble sport. but for the appearance of the
In 1378. John
Jackson. a young fisherman. who had caught many a salmon on the

shrewd and ambitious .\nglt')~52ix<iii on the scene.

bay in his nets. and who had previously taken the same fish with rod

 

 

 

M m,
C’QVWEXJ

SALMON CAUGHT WITH HOOK AND LINE.

and reel in fresh waters. made up his mind that this noble predatory
fish was, doubtless, as greedy in saltas in running waters. and that.
like man, he might change his habitat. but not his nature. He forth—
with rigged up a hand line with a sinker. and baited his hook with a
small sardine, one morning as he set his face homeward. after getting
in his nets. The result was that he caught a fifteen—pound salmon.
which gave him a fight that reminded him of many a glorious combat
with rod and reel on the waters of his native river. From that time.
it might be said, began the career of Santa Cruz as a fishing place for
amateurs. The people of Santa Cruz. however, did not “catch on" to
the sport very quickly, and it was not

till the year 1894 that trolling for

salmon became popular. Dur—
ing that season, fish being
abundant, and large catches
being made, salmon fishing
on the bay became an estab-
lished sport.

During the first year most
of the fish were caught by
hand lines,—a method that
savored of poaching in the
eye of the true sportsman.—
but a few chivalrous souls used
rod and reel. and they had their
reward. not only in the larger
number and greater weight of
the fish they secured, but in the
thrill that results from the realiza—
tion of victory after a hard fight. which no lout with a hand line ever
enjoyed. The following year most of the professional fishermen (far
more conservative than amateurs) used rod and reel. and the amateur
who fished with a hand line was regarded with contempt.

By this time the sport had attracted the attention of those splendid
fishermen, Messrs. Emeric and Murdock, Fish Commissioners of the
State. and of the leading amateurs throughout California. amongst
whom Mr. John Butler. Mr. J. J. O'Brien and Mr. J. F. Coope. of
San Francisco. are bright particular lights. Perhaps the sport would
never have become so widely known and popular but for the efforts of

   

Fishing and Boating on the San Lorenzo.

Mr. John T. Sullivan. late lessee of the Sea Beach Hotel. of Santa Cruz.
Himself an ardent fisherman. he employed every means to exploit the
new and fascinating pastime (the catching of salmon in the open sea
with a rod and reel is most certainly new and fascinating) throughout
the States. and quite a number of anglers came across the continent
owing to his endeavors. \Vhen genial John T. "went a—fishin’ ” he
gave himself up entirely to it. lie would leave three hundred guests to
the care of his efficient first lieutenant. J. Terry Brooks. and. disguising
himself like a veritable tramp. “go down to the sea in ships." “\\'here
is that leviathan."—the still uncaught sixty—pound salmon. John’s
fishing stoiies were always told serially.

and in three volumes, as it were,

and were more remarkable for

variegation — like his famous
pelargoniums — than absolute
truth. lior instance. John
claims that he once caught a
salmon that upset his boat
and dragged him under water
to Ca1>itola.tlist:111t four miles.
Mr. John R. t‘hace. the pres—
ent lessee of the Sea Beach
Hotel. is also/an ardent fish-
erman. and has done much
hit to
no one is more credit due for

to attract sportsmen.

popularizing the sport than to
Messrs. John Jackson and
Henry L'hden.the crack professional
fishermen of Santa Cruz: and what they don't know about fishi 1g on
the bay is not worth knowing The "rig" that has been found to be
most efficient consists of a short. stiff rod of two or three joints. an

 

a number 21
bass line. and Sprouts’ salmon hooks.~numbers 4. 5 and 6. The reel

"Amateur” or ”lixpcrt" reel—the former is preferable.
should be large enough to carry 120 yards of line. ;\ ”sin‘ker" weigh—
ing about six ounces is attached to a "leader" about seven feet long.
two or three swivels entering into the combination. Steel rods of light
weight have been tried. but they are far too pliant. The bait employed
is a fresh sardine: this year t lRool it was found that half a sardine was

 

quite as efficient as a whole one, a matter of importance when fresh
bait is scarce. Salmon are “protected" during the months of Sep—
tember and October.

To Dr. Drullard must be given the credit of having caught the
largest salmon up to this date. llis catch weighed fifty—four pounds.
but the fish must run to far greater weights than the above, as evi-
denced by the fact that every fisherman here has lost many a large
fish through the breaking of his line.
fish on one day, and John jackson forty—three on the same day.
fish average about fifteen pounds each.

llenry L'hdcn caught forty—six
The
So far no other devotee of this
exciting sport has caught nearly as many fish on any single day.
The fisherman who is wise will

rise early about 4:00 .\. .\I.,
after a hearty breakfast. get off
from the wharf before 5:00 o'clock.
He should be dressed in overalls
and a sweater; a soft slouch hat is
After half an
hour's rowing he may put out his

 

 

and,

indispensable.

line with a fair expectation of a
strike.

It is impossible to conceive any—
thing more fascinating than "roll—
ing for salmon on a fine August
morning on Monterey Bay. The
view from the sea of Santa Cruz.
and the splendid Coast Range, is
alone worth going out on the bay
to enjoy, and is such as cannot be obtained from any point on land.
The sea is generally as smooth as glass, or gently heaving with an oily
swell, at this early hour, and the play of color as the sun leaps over the
crest of distant Gabilan beggars description. And, whilst your senses
are a-tingle with the“joy of the morning,"comes an insistent tug at your
line, and the delight of combat fills your cup of pleasure to overflowing.
What note is there so pleasing to fisherman’s ear as the shrill song of
the reel when there is a heavy fish on the line! You know you are
trying conclusions with a salmon. because of theindignant splurgewith
which he came to the surface when you first struck him :—that is a
characteristic of this noble fish. and also the fact that he fights actively

  

The Way SonieflTB—umsTCatch Fishfiln the Photo Gallery.

./' erel,

to the finish: whereas a sea bass, after his first greyhound—like rush,
gives up the game and you have to deal only with his dead weight.

Your fisherman ought to be an expert with the gaff; many a fish
has been roused to fresh fury and desperate effort, ending in escape,
after being inefficiently struck by the gaff.

Five or six fish. aggregating a weight of one hundred pounds, is
considered a fair day's sport. and there is always a chance of getting
a fish that will break the record. The day’s sport is generally over
by midday, by reason of the fact that the trade wind begins to blow
at that time. and the sea gets too choppy for one’s comfort.

The other fish caught with the rod and reel are: halibut, cod, mack—

‘ sea bass, smelt, yellow—tail
and bonito, but they are not to be
mentioned beside the royal salmon
for sport. c. W. DOYLE, M. D.

 

Commercial and The City of Santa
Savings Banks Cruz has six
of Santa Cruz. banks, — three
commercial and three savings,—
operated on an aggregate capital
stock of $1,600,000, of which
amount $301,992 is paid in in coin.
The six banks are controlled and
conducted by three sets of officers,
each of the savings banks being
thus connected with one of the
commercial banks, though sepa-
rate incorporations. The Santa
Cruz Rank of Savings and Loan, and the Bank of Santa Cruz County
have. for president. Lieutenant—Governor William T. Jeter; for
cashier, F. G. Menefee: the City Bank and the City Savings Bank, L.
K. Baldwin. president; W. D. Haslam, cashier; the People’s Bank and
Peoples Savings Bank, Henry Willey, president; A. A. Morey,
cashier. The names are here given in the order of the dates of their
incorporation.

The Santa Cruz Bank of Savings and Loan is the oldest in the city,
dating back to March. 1870, when it was established from the banking
business of Henry Phillip. now of San Jose. S. A. Bartlett was made
president of the incorporation. Frank Cooper, cashier, and they, with

 

I. N. liesse. formed the directorate. In August. 1875. the Bank of
Santa Cruz County was established. with L. Heath. president: E l.
Cox, cashier. In 1878 the conduct 0f the two banks was merged: E.
Austin, president: E. J. Cox. cashier. These two banks are the
pioneers in the matter of the merging of the management of commer—
cial and sayings ban 5. The plan has been successfully followed by a
large number of banks in the State. \\ihile the kindred banks main—
tain each its individual responsibilities and results. and neither has any
effect upon the affairs of the other. there is a decided advantage in the

employment of the same officers for both. f'

   
   
 
 
  
 
  

The City Bank was the next to be incorporated.
That was in December. 1880: L. K. llald—
win, president; (i. \\'. Frost. cashier.
The City Savings Bank followed in
December, 1887. with the same
0fficers,except cashier. \Y. D. Has-
lam succeeded Mr. Foster. and has
continued as cashier of both banks.

In 1892 the People‘s Bank and the
People’s Savings Bank were incor—
porated, the former in February and
the latter in April. both beginning
business with the same officers that
are now in charge: Henry \Villey.
president: A. A. Morey. cashier.
This institution makes a specialty of
its safe deposit vault. which is of the
latest Hall pattern. It is as thor—
oughly proof against fire and rob—
bery as it seems possible for the human
mind to conceive. The Chrome and Bessemer
steel doors defy the expert burglar. and the double locks on the
inner safes are secure against embezzling clerks and meddling
friends. ,

The figures to be here given of the financial condition of the banks
in Santa Cruz are taken from the report of the State Toard of llank
Commissioners. made on September 1. 1896. from its examination at
the close of business on July 31. 1896. These figures represent prac—
tically the condition at the (late of this writing.

Bank of Santa Cruz County.

Bank of Santa Cruz County: Capital stock. 8200.000: amount sub—
scribed. Szoomoo: amount paid in coin. 880.000: stock issued. 2.000
shares: resources and liabilities. 831175890.

Santa Cruz liank of Savings and Loan: Capital stock. 8500.000:
amount subscribed. 8250.000: paid in coin. 550.000: stock issued. 2,500
shares: liabilities and resources. 362078202.

Directors for both banks: \\'illiam T. _Ieter (president). . B.
l’agen (yice—presidentl. l“. l5. l’orter. R. Thompson. l“. \V. Ely. 17.
()'.\'eill. l“. (i. .\lenet‘ee (cashierl.
capital 8300.000:

8170.500: paid in coin. 863037.50: stock is—

City llank: stock. amount subscribed.
sued. 1.705 shares: resources and liabilities.

3183.51,);51).
t‘ity Sayings liank: Capital stock,
8300.000; amount subscribed. $170,700;

paid in coin. 517,070; stock is—
sued. 1.707 shares: resources and
liabilities. 84.07.446.08.

Directors for both banks: L. K.
A. Hilm
1y'icwpresident). .\. Russell, M. A.
lluckley. l. L. Thurber. 0. H. “il—

bur. (f. .\. Rice. /'

l’eoplc‘s llank:

llaldwin (president), l“.

Capital stock,
8200.000: amount subscribed.
8165.000: paid in coin, $82050;
stock issued. 1.659 shares; re-

sources and liabilities. $145,953.51.

l’eople's Sayings liank: Capital stock.

$100000: amount subscribed. 2580.350: paid in
coin. 88.035: stock issued. 1.607 shares: resources and
liabilities. $160,976.81.

Directors for both banks: .\. l’. llotaling. lienry \Villey (presi—
dent). \Villiam Rennie. D. .\[cl’hcrsoir D. C Clark. T. S. Green.
\\'illiam Russell. ,

It will be seen from the foregoing that the financial interests of Santa
Cruz are well conserved. The banks are all in a flourishing condition.
and the flurry of the past few years has not been felt here. There
are no firmer financial institutions anywhere in the interior of the State.

”NIGN PHOTOENGI: .5 F.

 

STREET DCENE IN SANTA CRUZ, LOOKING FROM THE LOWER PLAZA TOWARD THE BEACH.

o o

The Famous Venetian Water Carnivals.

HE famous \‘enetian \Yater Carnivals. held atmually in Santa confidence in its ultimate realization. The stress of hard times had
Cruz. have spread the renown of the city wider than even the
fame of its beautiful natural attractions. The to come from to do all this?" Full of zeal, Mrs.
liberality and energy of a single man made )lcCann laid the matter before Mrs. Smith.
She took it to her husband. They turned

the subject over. discussed it in all its
bearings. made up their minds that the
undertaking would be of vast benefit

to the city. and resolved that it should
be accomplished. That settled it. “Go
ahead," said Mr. Smith. to those citizens
who had become interested, "collect what
money the people of Santa Cruz can
afford to give, dam the river, build the
lake. pttt on it such a carnival of beauty
as the \\'estern \\'orld has not yet
seen. and when all is done I will draw
my check for the amount needed to pay
for it." It was a princely offer. The

been felt even here. and the common query was. "\Vhere is the money

the first carnival possible. That man is j. 1’.
Smith, to whom Santa Cruz owes more of
her progress and prosperity tnan she does

to any other twenty men who have ever

lived here. It was Mr. Smith’s generous
confidence in the future of the city that

built the electric railways, that pushed to
completion enterprise after enterprise for

the common good, and that, to crown all,
inaugurated the splendid carnivals. In all

this he found a helper and warm—hearted
encourager in his public—spirited wife, and

Mrs. Smith shares with her big—hearted

husband the affectionate regard of the

whole community. It was in April, 1895, n;
that Mrs. Lucy Underwood McCann 3
broached the propo—
sition of making a

huge artificial lake

work of preparation
/_

for the first an— e
r.“ W

fi

.~

 
 
 
  

   

nual carnival be—

 

gan at once. For a

at the city’s edge month the “11010 Q §
by damming the Miss Anna Gonzales, city was in a stew , “
San Lorenzo River Queen of the Famous Carnival of 1599. of excitement. Head— x
where it empties its bright waters quarters were opened. and here. ' i.
into the Bay of Monterey, and of while the ladies of the city re—
holding upon this lake. under the ceived strangers and visitors in
gleam of thousands of electric beautifully decorated rooms so :
lamps, a carnival that should rival packed with flowers that they 5::
in splendor and picturesqueness were literally carpeted with 'i
the famous scenes of Venetian them. the Executive Committee ;
story. The project was a daz— met nightly and planned the
zling one, but the very extent and work which the next day saw .. .
e . _ Mrs. J. Phlllp Smlth,
J. Phi|ip Smith, splendor of the proposed aclueve— done. There were. 01 course. “‘hose Generous Aid and rmiriug Energy made
Diredetfffrnailnfiatlfifrjésvtlsgg?em" ment staggered most people‘s many unforeseen obstacles and S"“e“£21.Q‘Sffifi?,§‘§‘}‘§9§a'”iv“

4o

 

SCENES ON THE LAGUNITA DI CARNIVALE, SANTA CRUZ, 1895.

some unfortunate mistakes; but the fiery energy and ready purse of
Mr. Smith triumphed over everything, and, when the thousands of
visitors began to pour in on the opening day, Santa Cruz was a mass
of decorations, and the beautiful lake was a stage ready set for the
production of the most gorgeous spectacle ever seen in California.
For three days and nights one splendid exhibition on the streets or
upon the lake succeeded another, and the whole city was a blaze
of light and color, while flowers and music rained showers
of harmony and fragrance on the laughing, merry,
careless crowds. When, at night, the Queen's

barge moved slowly across the illuminated lake,
followed by its long train of gondolas and
water craft of every sort, beautifully and fan—
tastically decorated with flowers and ban—
ners and lanterns, the magnificent bands
crashing out their music, the guns thunder—

ing a salute, and the trained choirs lift—

ing their united voices in songs of wel-
come, the effect as one looked down on it

all from the lofty tribunes was fine and im—
pressive in the, very highest degree. Out

in the bay were anchored the yachts of the

San Francisco fleet, and they answered a
tremendous bombardment from the shore
with thousands of rockets and pyrotechnics

of every conceivable sort. until sky and sea
were one vast blaze of color and flame. It
was a spectacle never to be forgotten. Per—
haps no scene delighted the eye more than the
great floral parade which traversed the streets

of the city on the chief day of the carnival. Float

after float, vehicle after vehicle. covered with masses of
brilliant flowers, the wheels twined with flowers, the horses harnessed
in flowers, slowly passed up the principal avenue. itself literally paved
with flowers. It was a beautiful exhibit of California’s chief glory.—
her wonderful blossoms and blooms. The Queen of the first Venetian
Water Carnival was Miss Anita Gonzales. daughter of Mrs. J. P. Smith.
The Dowager Queen was Mrs. J. P. Smith. she having been chosen
to fill that specially created position of dignity as a tribute to the zeal

  
  
 
 
  
  

Miss Josephine Turcot,
Queen of the Water Carnival of 1896.

l

l
l

and energy which which she had forwarded the work of the Carnival.
The Director—General was Mr. J. P. Smith. The Executive Committee
was composed of Judge J. H. Logan. \\'illis 1i. l’eck, Senator Bart
Burke, and O. J. Lincoln. ‘
The success of the first \Venetian \Vater Carnival was so pronounced
that a permanent organization. known as the Santa Cruz Venetian
\Vater Carnival Association. was formed, and under its auspices,
(,3. llowman as Director-General, the second
Carnival was given in June, 1896. It was an
elaborate and beautiful succession of day and
night spectacles on the San Lorenzo River.
dammed so as to create a lovely lake, and
the tribunes which lined the high bank
were crowded with thousands of spec—
tators. The Queen of the second Car—
nival was Miss Josie Turcot, a charm—
ing young lady. The night fétes were
especially beautiful, and delighted the
enormous crowds beyond measure.
The Carnival will be an annual feature
of Santa Cruz life hereafter; and that
the city will continue to enjoy the
benefits of these wonderful and beauti—
ful spectacles is due to the long purse
and big hearts of Mr. and Mrs. J. T‘.
Smith. who created the first Carnival
and made possible all

with

 

   

that are to come.
In all that are to
follow

this thing is certain.—

hereafter.

there will preside over none
a more lovely and a more loved young
lady than the one who wore the crown
and wielded the scepter of the carnival
of 1896.
tell their children of sweet
Josephine. and of the famous
over which she held sway.

Tn years to come old men will
Queen
Carnival

G. Bowman,
IJirechrrCeneral of the Carnival of 1896.

       

MRS. IDA TERRY. MISS NIINNIE COPE, MISS BELLE SI’AI“I“()RD. MISS CARRIE BIAS.
MISS MARBLLE CIIACl-Z. MISS DAISY ARMI’RI MISS joSII; ’I‘URCOT. MISS NIA’I‘IE PATTON. MISS EDITH WILIIUR. MISS JESSIE WOODARD.

THE QUEEN OF THE WATER CARNIVAL AND HER MAIDS OF HONOR, JUNE‘ I896.

The Wild=flowers of the Hills and
Dales of Santa Cruz County.

The surface of our country is so
diversified that almost every genus
of \\'ild~tlow'er common to our State may find a representative within
its borders. The beaches. hillsides. swampy lands. mountains and
forests have been appropriated for ages by these early lloral settlers.
They have had their day of prosperity and increase. and must now.
like other aborigines. make way for a new race. llut their going is a
slow one: They retire be—
fore the plow to nestle near

»

the rocks. the streams and
the fence corners of
fields. llere
thanks in a

our
t h e y

succession of

give

bright blossoms for every—
thing man has not taken
from \\'ho
in what the
the wildvfiower. lt
have a different charm for

them. can tell

lies charm of
may
every observer. l’erhaps it
is the air of the woods and
free meadow where their
dainty petals first opened to
the light.
delicacy. so different from
the
many of our garden favor—

It may be their

wellsuurtured stems of

ites. The flowers are usu—
ally poised on slender stems.
enabling every vagrant
breeze to add to their charm

by swaying them. .\nd there are no double flowers here.

human eyes to see the marvels around us.

The wild—flower has no time for show. no energy to waste on super—
fluous petals which make no seeds. If we consider it well we find that
it does toil. and it does spin. in its own dainty way. in spite of state—

ments to the contrary.

 

Night Scene at
liach little
plant has its purpose in living. and attends to that purpose with a
single—hearted devotion beautiful to witness, if we only open our dull

The llowerdovers. who manifest their affection by plucking every
bf'ig'lt‘t‘eyed blossom that dares show its little head in accessible fields.
find an abundance of material. llf the t‘alifornia poppy. our best—
known \\’lldvllo\,\et'. nothing need be said: but that other little poppy.
the creamcnp. is worthy of notice. lt is not so independent as its more
brilliant cousin: in fact it betrays quite a fondness for the comforts of
growth of

a \vellrplowed grain tield. and makes an astonishing stem

and leaf in such favored

places. The lupines flourish
everywhere. and in endless
variety. from the tiny plants
of a few inches' growth to
the stout shrubs which
somewhat arrogantly' spread
hillsides and

\\‘t-

gardens. plants belonging to

over sandy

plains. have. in our
the same family. which can—
not surpass the grace of the
wild lupints. The low blue
variety. so abundant in lllL
spring. is charming as to

The

a mis—

color. shape Z-t-Ntl odor.
yellow variety fttllills
.sion

in covering waste

which other plants
.\fter all. to

lie t‘lltlst‘tl to grow in

places.
seem to avoid.
a gar~
den may not be the highest
The

gilias form another interests

destiny of a plant.
Carnival.
ing group. for their clusters of threadlilt'e leaves and their stiff stems
promise so little and give so much. especially in the pure color and
sweet odor of the sheeny satin flower. ,\.s they grow in such dry.
sandy places. we are always wondering how they happened to come.
Delicate blues. pinks. mauves. pale yellow and white characterize the
corollas of the gilias. To be sttre there are two or three disreputable
members of llM family. never seen iii a respectable bouquet. but. alas.
what flock has not its one black sheep.

The rose family is generous to 115. 211111 1111 garden rose 132111 give 115
clearer color or more perfect form than that offered in 1111- 111115511111
111211 1‘111111-511111 111 21 dusty. dreary little wayside 11rier. 111'5‘1111'5’ the ever—
present wild rose, we have the 111111111111 l1erry. delighting 111 shady
woods. 11 111erely plays 211 being 21 111111 to furnish. 111 115 111111 cap of
21 l1erry. 21 good red 111 serve :15 21 foil for 115 large white 1111155111115 211111
1>r11211l leaves. 115 cousin. the 52111111111 11erry. is more practical. and.
following 115 large. r1151~re1l 111115511111. 1‘111111‘5 21 11151‘11111571111111111g berry.
11 is not abundant with 115.
and affects 1111‘ 11e1gl1l1111‘11111111

of streams 211111 forests. The

l

(111151111215 l1erry. I]1111‘*11(11‘1\'.
211111 spired. are graceful offer
ings 111 the same family.

The 21x211e21 15 21 favorite
because 111 115 decorative
11211111. its pleasing c11l11r5. 211111
the fact 111211 11 11111111115 2111111151
the whole year. The odor is
Very sweet. 211 times 11ppre5
sively 511. 115 more striking
relative. the rl1o1l111111111111111. is
rare in our county. 11111
enough 11111 grows in favored
spots 111 warrant 115 in claims
ing it for our own.

.\n11111er 511y dweller of
1111‘ \\‘111111 15 1111‘ 1111‘1'1111'21.
near 111 kin to 1111' 12111111115
lileeding Heart of our gztr~
dens. 11 111ve5 :1 rich 51111.
and 1111111'15111‘5 when transplanted 111 gardens. The leaves are finely
cleft. 211111 the flowers 111 21 111111 old—r1151 color. arranged 111 thick. pens
1111111115 clusters on 21 slender stein.

The l21rl<5p11rs of 11111' 111-1115 rival 11111511 111 our gardens. There are
ev1n downy ”1111115” 211111111g 11111111. 211111 the scarlet 1211'11511111‘ of our red!
wood forests i5 like 21 spark of lire 215 21 51111111121111 51115 through the dark
\11 51121111-5

111 blue are found. 211111 white. Th1re i5 even 21 1‘11211‘51' \‘211‘11-1\ with 21

lower.

foliage 11111111 trees 211111ve 211111 touches the swaying

 

A Bit of Carnival Merry-making.

great 111111 11121 stein. six or seven feet high. bearing dingy gray flowers.
The wild clematis. in two species. the buttercup. the graceful thalie-
trnm. 1111- showy 1‘11111111111111‘. 211111 the delicate wood anemone. beloved
111 poets. are plentiful in their 5 '2151111.

11 would be difficult 111 describe. even to name. the varieties of
1111111111115 which flourish beside str *211115. springs. pools, and wherever
dripping rocks afford them moist encouragement. They rank from
the tiny crimson variety. peeping an inch above its sandy bed, to the
great yellow monkey flower,
thrusting itself boldly above
its neighboring grasses and
sedges 111 shallow streams.
The scarlet variety is the
favorite of this family. The
iris family is a popular one,
front the sturdy little blue—
eyed grass that disputes the
domain of the poppy. and
successfully too, to the tall
flag that flaunts 111 blues. pur-
ples and yellows over our
hillsides. A yellow variety
of the .Slfxy'rz'izr/II'll/11 is very
pretty, but not so well known
as the blue-eyed one. The
lily family is generous. and
many of our most beautiful
111055111115 belong to it. The
wild lilies occupy among field
flowers the same relative posi—
tion that garden lilies claim

 

 

211111111g our cultivated plants. “1111 few exceptions. however. the wild
lilies are 11111 11121rke11 11y sweet odors, The calochortus is abundant. but
never common. 21nd spreads 115 colors 111 yellows. lavenders. pinks and
white. _\1n11ng them the lily—hell stands first as favorite. Indeed, 111
localities blessed by its presence. it is the favorite flower of all: with
g1 111d reason. 11111, for no other llower 11215 so many claims on our atten—
tion. 115 manner of growth is exceedingly graceful. The flowers are
nodding white globes. often tinged with pink and green. The seed

‘9‘

‘2

3f.

 

Cnxu,‘

AIRS.

RESIDENCES OF SANTA CRUZ.

CLARK.

DR. H, H‘
I‘ L. THL‘RIEER.

)11<~‘.\'1n\1‘xrm<r),

pods are so peculiar in shape. and, at the same time. so ornamental,
that they add a charm to the The
avidity with which the small boy scours the country in search of “hair—
bells” is sufficient evidence of its popularity.

The yellow Mariposa. the lavender. and that pale—clustered variety,
with the enormous leaf. grow abundantly in favored spots, known to
The tiger lily is still found by retired streams. and

general appearance of the plant.

true flower—lovers.
lifts its many—flowered stems proudly above the green leaves of its
lowly neighbors. It is the
most brilliant of the large
wild—flowers.
The adder’s
cretes its seed pods carefully
under its broad leaves beside
many a mountain
The Allz'zmz, or wild onion. is
not behind its numerous rela—
the beauty of its
Their blooms
brighten many a
whose collector
know the names of the flow—
ers. The fritillaria. with its
brown—spotted green flowers,
out many drooping
blossoms on its tall stems.
lint the names Zygau’enns.
Prmm'fcs. S‘nn’larma. Tritc/ria.
and Hoo/eera. convey to the
mind little of the beauty they
represent. They have no common names. although the flowers them—
selves are well known. abundant. and show to the most casual observer

tongue se~

stream.

tives in
flowers. rosy
bouquet,

does not

hangs

that they belong to the lilies.

There are others which have no common name, though belonging to
familiar groups. The evening primrose family boasts many showy
blossoms. besides the large yellow frequenter of our beaches and cliffs.
from which the class takes its The Zausrlmrria Califw'mra
sounds like a stranger one ought to know: yet it is a familiar friend. as

name.

it blooms in the autumn. and sports a brilliant. scarlet. fuchsia—like

 

Pacific Avenue, Santa Cruz.

tlower; in fact it is a cousin to the fuchsia. It favors dry, rocky hill-
sides, and furnishes many a pleasant surprise to the eye, wearied with
long gazing on barren roadsides.

\\'hen the Liz/mantlzes Dauglasii is ‘mentioned, a pleasing image
should arise in the mind. A low, spreading, tender plant, covered with
white flowers of dainty form, touched in the center with pale yellow,
it looks like a miniature fall of snow when allowed to work its sweet
will in the moist ground of its own choosing. It looks as if it ought
to be a nemophila or a gera-
nium. but. even with wild-
flowers, looks are deceptive.
For the flower-lover who
wishes a great store, the
iieiiiopliila, the trillium, the
Johnny—jumper or orange
violet, the pink mallow, the
pansy, the hound’s
tongue, the clintonia. and the
creamcup, furnish an abun—
dant harvest: but, for the one
who is past the stage of col-
lector, there are still wild-
flowers to search for, in the
deep forests and rocky glens
of our mountains. The true
joy of the botanist comes to
him who wanders day after
day in search of rare species.
When found, he is content to
admire and study the gem.
He often has no desire to pluck it, and, at times, heroically leaves it
to live out its little span. Have you searched for the lady slipper?
Have you found its dainty yellow and green cousin growing near rocky
Have you found a yellow columbine? Do you know the
snowy campion? Have you seen the rhododendron growing on
its native heath? These are but a few. They may not be the
rarest. but they will repay the enthusiast who takes the time to
nothing but the free air

LILLIAN A. HOWARD.

wild

streams,D

live a few hours among things that know

of the heavens.

The Wine Grapes The principal wine grapes of this county are
Of Santa Cruz County. the Chance (iris. Chauce Noir. Johannisberg
Riesling, Franken Riesling. Semillon. Sauvignon \vert. Sauvignon
Blanc. Zinfandel. Cabernet. Merlet. and Crabb's lhn‘gundy. The
champagne grapes are yet to come. this section being peculiarly
adapted to their culture. The formation of the upper part of Santa
Cruz County affords the soil and climate necessary to grow grapes of
the most widely different quality. from the table grapes of the lower
valleys to the high-grade wine
grapes of the mountains. The
yield varies greatly, the table—
grape vineyards producing
from ten to twelve tons to the
acre, while in the high-grade
wine-grape vineyards the yield
is very much less. A ton of
grapes will make about one
hundred and thirty gallons of
wine, at a cost of about four
cents a gallon.

The finest wine grapes are
produced 011 the slopes and
the
High above the fogs and warm
temperature of the valleys, the
grapes ripen in an even, low
temperature. The result is
that the grapes contain com-
paratively little sugar, and are
fit to make the highest grades
of light, dry wines. The Ries— a. Bowman.
ling and Semillon and Sauternes and Clarets
Of Santa Cruz County are the very finest wines made in America, and
the Royal German Viticultural Commission pronounced the Riesling
submitted to them by the Ben Lomond \Vine Company to be fully
equal to the best products of the German wine makers.

The fact is that the culture of the grape and the scientific making of
wine is an industry which could. and some time will. support thousands
of men in comfort in Santa Cruz County alone. The opportunities are

summits of mountains.

 

Two Typical Santa Cruz Residences.

simply everywhere at hand. and the outlay of capital necessary is sure
to repay interest and profit. One cannot grow a vineyard without a
little capital. It is well to remember that liastern people should not
be misled by lying railroad circulars into believing that California is
a paradise where money grows on bushes. it is just as hard. and even
much harder. to get a foothold here if you have no means. as it is in
the Eastern States. There is a surplus of wageworkers. and wages are
The workingman who has a good job in any Eastern State will
do well to keep it. But if a
man has a little capital. any—
where from 81,000 up. he can
judi—

low.

make more money by
cious investments right here
than he can anywhere else in
the l‘nited States. The false
idea that California is a land of
plenty of money has done the
State much harm. Money is
emphatically scarce. and no—
where can a obtain

11181] 3.5

much paying property or re—
ceive as large returns for a few
hundred dollars as he can here.
.\n<l there is no better paying
1mm wine—grape
culture.scientificallycarried on.
The of
g ‘apes for table

proposition

Table Grape c u l t u r e

Culture.
use is an industry that will
grow to enormous proportions
MAJOR FRANK l\l('LAUGHLlN. l1] lllls‘ county. When its capa~
bilities of soil and climate are thoroughly
understood. The yield of grapes in the valleys. which. on account of
the warm. moist temperature. are peculiarly adapted to producing
table grapes. is something astonishing. li‘ifty thousand pounds of
grapes have been picked from one acre of vines in this county. The
average yield is from ten to fifteen tons. The table-grape growers of
this region devote themselves chiefly to the culture of the late varieties.
and January even finds grapes in the market freshly cut fromtheparent

Vine.
voisie. lllack lierrara. limperor, black Morocco. “bite and

The varieties chiefly grown for table use are the \'erdel. Mal—
lilack
Muscat. Cornichon, Queen Isabella and l’lame Tokay. The Malvoisie
and Muscats are the earlier varieties. The others come into market in
November. December and even January.

The market price of California grapes has steadily appreciated in the
last two years, and vineyardists now reap great profits. after having
endured some years of too low prices and too high freights. There are
hundreds of acres of
land in the county fit for
sucessful table—grape
culture, and small tracts
can be obtained at ex—
tremely reasonable fig—
ures. The California
vineyards come into
four

full
sixth

bearing when
old and
the

extraordi—

years are
bearing in
year. The
nary size.sy1mnetry and
beauty of the bunches
astonish and delight the
eye of the Eastern visi—
tor, and the perfume.
flavor and tt’)othsome~
ness of the
grape never fail to touch
him in a tender spot.
There is money in
growing grapes on
Santa Cruz soil, and the man who invests money and labor in doing so
Literally. he shall sit under his own vine

individual

will surely find his reward
and fig tree, and eat the fruits of his toil.

The Ben Lomond The vineyards and \\'iile~111;tki11g plant of the
Wine Company. Lomond \Vine ('ompany are located on the very
.\ few years ago there was nothing

Ken

summit of the beautiful mountain.
on these lands but scrub oak and a thick tangle of underbrush. with

here and there a gigantic redwood. The genius and executive ability

 

The Hotaling Block, Santa Cruz.
no (lray Riesling wine is made in all California

rl9

of one man changed all this. Mr. J. F. Coope, superintendent and
general manager of the company, took hold of this property. He
introduced a mechanical contrivance of his own by which the under-
brush. stumps and scrub oak were removed with great rapidity and at
He had his vineyards planted with the
utmost good judgment as to varieties. He secured the services of
wine—makers of great skill. He had erected the finest machinery. And
then he began. so soon as the acres of vines yielded their fruit, to make
and to sell, under Ameri-
labels, the highest
grade of light, dry wines.
It was and is his theory
that the instruments of
the chemist are more cer—
tainly accurate than the
palate of even the profes-
sional wine—taster, and it
is not until the wine has
been thoroughly tested by
the saccharometer and
acidimeter, and still fur‘
ther subjected to careful
chemical analysis and pro-
nounced absolutely dry,
that it is allowed to go to
the Two—thirds
of the vineyards are
planted to the Chance
Gris or Gray Riesling
grape, and it is the boast
of the management that
which equals the
splendid product of Ben Lomond. The German Royal Viticultural
Commission was astonished and delighted at the excellence of this
wine. The members declared it equal to any made across seas, and
much of the company‘s product does find its way across the ocean to
tickle the appreciative palates of the German wine connoisseurs. The
purpose of the Ten Lomond Company has always been fixed in one
It has steadily contended that the mountain soil of Santa

ctmlparatively small cost.

can

market.

direction.

\\'ith the intent to
its

Cruz will produce the best dry wines 011 earth.
demonstrate this fact to the world it has always
delicious wines to be sold under foreign labels.
money that might have been made by such commercial dishonesty.
it has, 011 the other hand, done the State great service

The possibilities of the wine industry in California are simply limit—
less. \\'he11 Eastern buyers come to learn that \111erica11 wines made
by American plocesses. a1e 1eall\ finer than 2111\ shipped acloss seas.
they will begin to patronize a gieal and wonderful home industrv
Thev will begin to diink these
delicious wines. which be
had so cheaply that:
need be without them.
that comes. and it is
proaching rapidly. the
tains and hills that wall in this
beautiful County of Santa Cruz
will be covered with vineyards.
sloping up. terrace after terrace.
from the rolling foothills to the
lofty summit of Ben Lomond
and its giant brethren. Thou—
men suste—
nance from the bosom of the
hills. and 011 the shore of the
lovely bay will be repeated the
eye

refused to allow
It has. perhaps. lost
but

can
no table
\\‘he11
21p—
moun—

day

sands of will draw

scenery which the
of the traveler as he glides along
the Rhine.

A. Ruef is foreman and resi—
dent superintendent of the llen
Lomond Company's vineyards and winery. He and his pleasant wife
have always the hearty, hospitable (ierman greeting for the visitor. It
is a glorious treat to stand 011 the porch of Mr. Coope's cottage and
look down 011 the magnificent panorama unrolled at one's feet. And
it does not detract from the pleasure when the hospitable foreman
brings forth a dusty bottle of Gray Riesling or Haute Sauterne. and,
with honest pride in his own handiwork. urges you to drink the sparl'-

ling. delicious wine.

greets

The writer will not forget one charming day.

 

Front View, Home of Louis M Cox. I“

50

when. standing with the splendor of the evening all about us. “the

tirmament declaring the glory of God" in tones of unuttcrable beauty
we lifted our glasses 111 unison 21nd thank to the health and prosperity
of all on Ben Lomo11d.\Iay their shadows
The Santa Cruz ”\lhe . 2111121 Lluz \louut2 1in \\ me Compam was organ»

MountainWl'HEW- ized ten y *ars ago. and from its inception h a1s been 21

snev er plow less'

successful business enterprise. The co111pany's vineyards are located
in the foothills of the Santa Cruz
B1a11eiforteCreel< about a mile f1o111 the t it} of SantaC ruz

\2111lts

Ranw'e. The winery itself is on

The wine
211e certainly unique.
are ctlla1s cut into the
the

There is sto‘age ca-

l ltey

soft sandstone bank of

stream.

pacity in these cellars for a

quarter of 21 million gallons of

wine. The te111perature in

these cellars is piatticall 21]—

ways uniform. ne\ er varying

more than three degrees the

whole year round. This gives

an ideal condition for aging

wines. The peculiar pride of
the Santa
\Vinery is

Mountain
This

table

Cruz
its ‘elarets.

wholesomeand delightful
wine reaches its perfection in
their hands. There is 110 such
claret made

State. The
Fresno and of the valleys excel

elsewhere in the
\iney yards of

ports. sherries and sweet
wines, but they cannot produce Rieslings. clarets or Sauternes worthy
of mention in the same breath with those of Santa Cruz County.

The Santa Cruz Mountain \\'iue Company has pursued the same
Lomond

lts products are sold on their merits. under Cali—

honorablc. sensible and public—spirited course as the lien
\Vine Company.
fornia labels, and ever1whe1e they have been introduced they have
vanquished the umeasonable and ignorant prejudice against the native
The resident superintendent. Mr.

wines. Jones, fully understands his

M WV

12¢

"K
‘ffié‘fk

 

RESIMach; m-‘ MR5. JOUANS. MIDWINTER VIEWS. RESIDENCE 0F JUDGE J. H. LOGAN.
Rummxuc or I)RV P. B. FAG] N. RESIDENCE OF MR5. J. R, JARmna.

business: and in Messrs. Herbert and .\rthur Still he has practical
The

gentlemen‘s

assistants who know the wine—making business from .\ to 7..
highest encomium that can be pronounced upon these

ability is the simple statement of the fact that right here in Santa Cruz.

where good wine needs no label to sell it. thousands of gallons of their

product are consumed. The executive head of the company is Mr. \V.
H. Galbraith. a cultured and educated gentleman. who unites to the
keen business instincts of the \iermonter the bonhommie and frank
hospitality of the \\'estern man. lle is a
mine of information on the subject of grapes
and wine. The hospitality of the Santa Cruz
Mountain \Vinery is proverbial. as hun—
dreds of Eastern visitors have occasion to
remember. Doubtless in their distant
homes this book will come to many of
them. bringing with it pleasant recol—
lections of happy hours spent as guests
of the big winery. the time they d ‘ained
their glasses of the imprisoned sunshine
which sparkles in the huge cellars

on the banks of the lovely
lglranciforte.

The Fruits of The soil of Santa
Cruz County pro—
duces in great
abundance almost all the fruits
for which California is
Pears. peaches. apri—
cots. plums. cherries, berries of all
varieties,—these yield enormously,

and bring to the grower such protitablc (T
returns for his labor as would make an liastern grower gasp with
astonishment.

Santa Cruz
County.

re—
nowned.

llut the crowning glory of Santa Cruz horticulture is
her apple orchards. The apples of California are. for the most part.
inferior to the products of the liastern and Northern orchards. The
climate of the greater part of the State is not titted to the culture of the
apple in its perfection. llut in the valleys and on the foothills of Santa
Cruz this noble fruit comes to its highest grade of delicious excellence.
The apples of Santa Cruz are now known all over the world. and the

 
  
 
   
  
 
  
  
 
 
  

Felling a Santa Cruz County Redwood Tree.

lie woodchopper resting in the cut in the tree is a man 6 feet : inches in height.
The photograph conveys a vivnl idea of the size of one gigantic tnnbera

crop is eagerly competed for by the great fruit companies who supply

the markets of (ireat llritain. 5o eager is this competition that last
year almost the entire crop of the county was bought in advance for
shipment to lingland. and it became almost impossible to get supplies
for the home market. There was wailing in Santa Cruz then. for no
inhabitant of these parts will consent for a moment to insult his palate
with an apple grown elsewhere. .\pple orchards here are sure annual
bearers. and a careful grower can calculate upon a yearly crop with
absolute certainty. So sure is this that
crops are in some instances sold for five,
six. eight and ten years in advance at
fixed prices. heavy bonds being given by
the purchasers for the fulfillment of such

contracts. _\ Santa Cruz County apple

orchard will yield a revenue of from $100
to Sgoo per acre. and 1 know of no industry

in the world which offers so certain profits

to an investor with some means and the
business sense to conduct his affairs. The
market is simply unlimited. The

fruit is purchased on the trees and

picked and packed by the

buyers. They are always eager
to take all he sight. land in
the foothills and in the famous
l’ajaro \'alle_v. the home of the
apple. can be had upon ex—
tremely reasonable terms. con—
its enormous

sidering yielding

capacity. ln the l‘ajaro \'alley one
can raise profitable crops of vegetables
and berries on land planted to orchards. while waiting for the trees to
come into full bearing. The orchards of this section are almost totally
free from parasitic pests. and the trees present a clean. healthful. vigor—
The fruit is firm. smooth. tooth-
some. well flavored. and of great beauty of coloring.

ous appearance that is good to see.

The cultivation of strawberries. raspberries. blackberries and other
The

vegetable gardeners reap as much as Spooo per acre from their

small fruits. and of vegetables. is a great and profitable industry.

gardens, nor is this an exceptional return. ()f course. in such a climate l The Beautiful Leaving the foot of Pacific Avenue, just as that

as this. hothouses are an unknown and useless expense. The culture Cliff Drive. thoroughfare is about to end at the seashore, one
of the strawberry is one of the leading industries of the l.‘ajaro Valley. turns to the right. crosses a small bridge, climbs a gentle hill and enters
and tons of these delicious berries are shipped in the season from upon the Cliff Drive, without question the most beautiful natural
\\'atsonville. The gardeners keep their land busy producing all the boulevard in the United States. The writer would like to say that
year round, and. as a consequence. their bank accounts are in . enterprise has exhausted itself in supplementing nature,—
a comfortable condition of fatness. .\ man who has from ‘\ but this book is to contain truth only. Just as the Cliff Drive

$1,000 to $10,000 to invest. and the energy and sense to carry j is it is superb. As it might be made, and, let us earnestly
on business systematically. can find an assured and i, l101JC. in a wiser day will be made, it would be the
comfortable living in this delightful country if .. ' DIOSt famous I‘Oad ill America. NEithCI‘ the
River Drive along the Hudson, nor the shell
road of Mobile, nor the lovely road that
runs from Savannah to Bonaventure, can.
equal the Cliff Drive of Santa Cruz in
natural beauty. Passing the lime ware-
house of H. Cowell, an unsightly and
detestable blot on the lovely landscape,
the road shortly begins to skirt the shore
of the bay. liar, far from one’s feet roll
away the bright waters, losing themselves
in the wide sea. On the right hand lie
beautiful residences, the picturesque light—

house, the fine Phelan Park, Garfield

l’ark, and farther on a wide stretch of the
meadow and plain sloping up to the foot—
hills. which lead. like terraced steps, to old
llen Lomond and his giant brethren of the
Santa Cruz Range. The glory of the moun—
tains. solemn, stately, majestic; the glory of the
sea. mysterious, troubled, murmurous; over all

   
  
  
  
 
  
  

he devotes his time to gardening.

The This fine fruit originated in
Loganberry. the garden of ‘ludge j. H.
Logan of Santa Cruz. judge Logan had
growing in his garden several years ago
the .>\ughinbaugh blackberry and the
Red Antwerp raspberry. He noticed
that the plants bloomed and ripened
their fruits together, and conceived
the. idea of planting the seeds from
which he obtained the Loganberry.

a large,luscious berry of rich dark red. ». ~. ,
having the combined flavor of the %
blackberry and raspberry. it is ex—
tremely firm. and on that account

is excellent for the market. It is de—
licious for the table. either raw or stewed,
and has no equal for jam or jelly. ft is
also a first—class fruit for canning, for table
use. or for pics. The fine properties of

this fruit have been noticed in every horti— the glory of ”the eternal sky, full of light and of
cultural journal in the Lilited States. and nursery— deity.” liverywhere and always the heavens declare
men and fruit growers all over the country have made the glory of tiod. and the firmament showeth forth his handi—
enormous sales of the plants. while its original owner. judge The Loganberry. work: but here certainly the lnfinite Goodness exhausted
Logan, has probably never made one cent nor reaped any 0““i""""(f,,bgd[;‘,‘4§'~;j.=r-jjlll.11'9”“ itself. The bright beauty, the splendor of it all, appeals
reward from it except the honor of giving it his name. lint if the strongly to the refined of soul. ()n such a coast as this well might
man who plants one tree is a benefactor to mankind surely the man the great poet of the century have seen in vision the Vales of Avalon.
who sends out into the world a fruit with such alliaround good qualities .\s it is. the Cliff Drive is a miracle of Nature, a smile of God, a
as the Loganberry is deserving of the title to a large degree. beautiful. splendid thing. Let us hope that some day the man will

’Jr
'4;

 

CLIFF SCENE. VIEWS ON THE FAMOUS CLIFF DRIVE, SANTA CRUZ.
PHI-2L. N COTTAGE, PHI,

C1111 Sum \‘1,-\1< I,I(}H'I‘IIHI'SI I’HIN’I‘.
'I‘111;,\‘\111<\1, i1<1111,1

 

N PARK. 1,11,11’1‘11111‘51. I’mIN’J:

arise who will weld the handiwork of art to the gifts of (iod. and so
make for himself a name and fame.
Vue de I’Eau. This charming and picturesque spot. at the terminus .0!-
the Santa truz lulectric Railways lines. is a favorite
haunt. not only of visitors, but also of townspeople. who never weary
of gazing upon the shifting panorama of sea and sky. The view of
the bay and sea obtained here is magnificent. and against the bold cliffs
the gr >at waves dash. now in gentle undulations, and anon in all the
Jf the wrath. lt fre-

in its

a\\'e~inspiring might and power ocean
quently happens that. while the
day in Santa ('ruz is quietly se—
rene.some great storm hundreds
of miles out on the wide l’acifie
stirs the sea to anger. .\t such
the

against

immense breakers
the
and the
to the

curious sight

times
crash roclvbound
coast. spectator is

treated splendid and

of an absolutely
tranqttil sky and air. and of a
raging. tumultuous. thunderous
sea. The effect is indescribably
impressive and fine.

There is an observatory and
a museum at \'ue de l'liau. both
of which are open to the public
free of any charge. and both of
which are worth taking time to , , g .
visit. I i I ’ i a:

The \\'ithin the city
Lighthouse. limits and on the first stage of the magnificent Cliff Drive

is the L'nited States lighthouse. The house is kept by Miss Laura

llecox. a most estimable and entertaining lady. She sttcceeded her
father as keeper. and no lighthouse on any coast is kept more faithfully
and well than that which sends its llashes across the waters of the llay
of Monterey. The lighthouse is open to the inspection of the public
three days in the week. and .\liss llecox not only exhibits to visitors
the curious and costly mechanism of the great lamp, but also takes

pleasure in showing her own line and interesting collection of 111arine

U1

 

Along the Cliff Drive.

UI

curiosities. brought to her by her friends. the sea captains, from every
corner of the globe. In the lighthouse are some fine specimens of
the skill of the famous d ‘af mute sculptor. Douglas Tilden, who is a
nephew of Miss llecox.
Phelan Park. Near to the lighthouse is one of the fine ornaments of the
Cliff Drive. the private park of lames D. Phelan, the wealthy and
public—spirited San Franciscan who has done so much to promote
The grounds were
of the wealthy pioneers of Cal—
ifornia. and himself a man of
great force of character and
native shrewdness. The hand—
some cottage is occupied by
the family in summer, and the
grounds are always kept in the
While
the park is private, no visitor
with the credentials of good
breeding is denied admission
‘ to inspect it. The grounds are
‘beautifully adorned with lawns,
I shrubbery and statuary.

The Big Trees The road that
Road- runs to the Big
Trees, as the grove of mam—
moth Sequoias some five miles
from Santa Cruz is called, is a
picturesque driveway, clinging
to the hillsides, running along
the lofty banks of the lovely San
Lorenzo River. and delighting the eye at every turn with some
exquisite bit of mountain scenery. This highway penetrates t0
the very heart of the mountains, passing the liig Trees, and running
through the towns of lielton and lien Lomond to the little mountain
To the lovers of wood and hill and dell and
stream it is even more charming that the Cliff Drive, though the
scenery lacks the majestic impressiveness of the noble Views on the
latter road. ()n the way out to the Big Trees the road skirts the
beautiful canon in which is located the great plant of the California

better municipal government in the metropolis.
laid out by Mr. l’helan‘s father. one

highest state of order.

city of Boulder Creek.

 

Powder \Vork; elsewhere described in detail. From this point at
every step new beauties greet the eye. in such swift sttccession that one
ntttst take more than a single drive over this road to appreciate its
loveliness. The scenery is very much like the charming country abottt
Asheville. North Carolina. though retaining. of cottrse. an individttality
of its own. The San Lorenzo River is a smaller strtam than the famous

lroad. or RacinO‘ River. of the Cherokees. but it is even more

lirench
picturesque as it plttnges along through its wooded canons. a succesr
sion of great pools. darkling in
the shade of the primeval for—
est. and of rapids. flashing in
the sunlight. tttmbling about
and over gigantic boulders.
and charming the eye with the
loveliness of its capricious
moods. In the clear, sweet
cool waters lttrk the speckled '
trout. and the who
threads the course of the bean-
tifttl river for a few miles can
blame only his own unskillful-
ness if his basket is not quite
fttll when he returns. And
such trout! Ye gods! They
linger in the memory like the
subtle fragrance of young
love’s dream. The territory
traversed by the Big Trees
road is the paradise of camp—
ers, and in summer the hill-
sides and the river banks are
dotted with tents. from which conventionality is unceremoniously
and enthusiastically kicked ottt. and in which the happy dwellers fleet
the days merrily, as in the Golden .\ge. This region has been aptly
styled. “The Camper‘s Paradise.” The Cliff Drive. the Empire Grade
and the Big Trees road are the three chief pleasure drives of
Santa Cruz County, and any one of them would long since have been
famous in song and story if it had been found anywhere out of our own

angler

country.

 

A Bit of the Pope House Grounds.

The l’ope House. on Mission Street. was at one time the
Here. with

The Pope
House. leading summer resort of this part of the State.
every recurring season. tlocked the rich people of San l‘irancisco and
Sacramento. the llnntingtons. (rockers. liairs. and many more of the
then leaders of ealifornia society. Mrs. .\111]Zl l’ope was then. as now,
the hostess. and made the place famous all over the State for genial,
homelike. cheerful summer pleasures. The great number of summer
resorts that have sprung up all over (‘alifornia in the past few years.
and the growing custom of the
w ‘althy people having stun—
mer residences near the large
cities. have iii some measure
taken from the patronage of
tltis hottse. but it still holds a
goodly share. and people who
always want to

Its very air of

come once
cotne again.
homelike refinement and lack
of ostentation pe—
culiarly agreeable to people
who don't care for flash and
The l'ope House

make it

glitter.
grounds are exceedingly
plea:ant. with close—clipped
lawns. a wealth of tlowers. and
the finest elttr-trees in Santa
crux. the
particular pride of Mrs. Pope.-
and they add not a little to the
The

main house is a large building

These trees are

beauty of her place.
with wide verandas. and is flanked on either side by picturesque
cottages where “The climbing roses blossom at the door." The office
a long low room with billiard

 

is notably a hospitable and cosy place.
table
general air of comfort.

and piano. with many windows a big cheery fireplace and 21
Many a jolly time has there been in that office,
and many more will there be. because the summer or winter gttest
gravitates to it as naturally as to his dinner. The gatherings here

turmsh the stranger with the opportunity of enjoying himself.

Religious Resorts of Santa Cruz County.

() Tllli religious denominations Santa Cruz has not been nig—
gardly of the fine domain with which Nature endowed her.
Three of them are already in possession by gift of handsome
estates bestowed upon them by citizens of this place.

In 1889 (iarfield Park was given to the State Association of the
Christian Church.
State laptist Association, and in 1«\’ol Santa Maria del Mar was form—

ln 1390 Twin Lakes became the property of the

ally accepted by the l’resident and Grand Iloard of Directors of the
Catholic Ladies' .\id Society.

Garfield This is a tract of about twelve acres lying within the limits
Park. of Santa Cruz. but a few hundred yards from the coast.

along the western cliffs that border the l’acitic ()cean. and beyond
that headland of the llay of Monterey on which stands the Santa Cruz
Lighthouse.

The tract was laid out in circular shape. the center of the plot being
devoted to an octagonal building known as the 'l‘abernacle. the large
auditorium of which is used for th * annual meetings of the Christian
Church.
cut across by shorter streets radiating from that building: while one

The main streets are circles surrounding the Tabernacle.

broad and well—planned thoroughfare. known as (iarfield Avenue.
sweeps from the front of the Tabernacle straight to the cliffs. where
the little pagoda known as \'ue de liliau stands on the very edge. lust
above is a beach which can be utilized for surf—bathing.

The lots in (iarfield l’ark have been. in part. sold to members of the
Christian Church. and a few n ‘at cottages have been erected thereon.
The original plan was to sell all these as sites for summer or per—
manent residences. and this will doubtless be eventually carried out.
The tract has the advantage of city water. city electric lights. and the
electric railway. which has its present terminus at \'ue de l'liau.

Along the left border of (iartield l’ark old—established
eucalyptus grove. which. during the fortnight of the annual summer
just
beyond. in a continuation of this grove. is the site of a very desirable

lies an

meeting of the Association. is white with the tents of campers.
military encampment. and beyond this. again. nearer to the picturesque

Cliff Drive. is \'ue de l‘lCau Athletic l’ark.
ground. with a grand stand. bicycle track.

a commodious inclosed
and space for football.

baseball. etc.

.\mong the donors of this t‘act to the people of the Christian
Church were C. R. Bushnell. if. H. Robinson, A. Fitch, A. ]. Hinds,
l". .\. llilm. of Santa Cruz. and Abram King. of San Jose. The
citizens of Santa Cruz also gave $3.000 toward the building of the
tabernacle.

Quite in the opposite direction from Garfield Park lies
the beautiful tract known as Twin Lakes. It is east of
Santa Cruz and beyond the city limits. Twenty—two acres of land
and water. with an extended beach and cliff frontage on the Bay of
It derives its name from
two pretty lagunitas of salt water which lie so near the bay that
a high tide or a winter gale makes the connection complete, and which
are much sought for their still—water bathing by those who do not
covet the rougher buffeting of the surf along the beach. Of the
land surface :I. C. Kimble. now of Oakland, donated something over
ten acres. and Jacob Schwan, whose own estate lies near, gave more
than seven acres. The Baptist Association, having accepted it, platted
the ground. laying it out in streets and lots, and planting trees along
the roadways. Parts of the lake shores are bordered by graceful,
drooping live—oaks. which add greatly to the picturesque beauty of
the grounds. The broad—gauge track of the Southern Pacific Com—
pany runs along the northerly boundary, and trains stop at the little
A horse—car line connects the tract with the city of Santa

Twin Lakes.

.\lonterey. comprise this princely gift.

station.
Cruz.
lloth lagoons are bridged. and these bridges form continuations of
a projected drive. known as East Cliff Drive. to extend through
the lands of Santa Maria del Mar and along the bay shore to Capitola.
A very neat little chapel. a small hotel. and numerous cottages, have
been built at Twin Lakes. During the summer months many live
in cottages. cabins and tents. and during the time of the annual State
meeting of the Baptists the pretty little suburb becomes quite popu—
lous. Recently the management of the tract, which had formerly been
conducted simply as an adjunct of the State Association, has been
placed in the hands of the Twin Lakes Impr0vement Company, which
was incorporated in June. 1896. It is believed that the progress of
the place will hereafter be in due proportion to its beauty of location
and its advantages of sea—bathing. salubrity of climate and its con-

. \ a
- ‘ k
* ,n ‘ a.

, «a
amfimm
MN} _~

0'1“ ‘ =H”".\‘"s,i~ SJ?

 

SANTA MARIA DEL MAR.

1'e111e11c11111 access. 11111 1111111111115 1111 13116—117 are 11. 122. Parker, Pen—

ryn. l’resident: 1). _1. 1.1111‘11111. Santa (1117., Secretary: 8. .\. \Vootl.

'l‘reasurer: \\'. 1\’. Strong. 1’. \\'. ,Sawyer. (if. 11. 1111112111. Z. N.
(111111511):

Santa Maria Beyond 111111 1-2111115. 51111 1211111111 eastward along the
del Mar. bay 511ore, lies the 21111‘211‘1111‘ estate belonging to the

Catholic 1.21111115‘ .\111 Society 111 (2111111111121.

111 the 11111111111g 5111151111111 111 Saturday. .\pril :5. 18111, 11111111 51111111,
1111 21 softly rounding 11111111 111 this 111111 1121111 112111. 11111 long 11111111 121111115
spread with 2111 appetizing 11111211112151. 11111111 11111 1211‘ away 21 blazing
camp 11111 211111 21 big 511121111111g
coffee boiler offered incense
to the deity
Gathered there judge
3115. ’1. 11. 1.11g2111. 311‘.
211111 3115. _1. 1’. Cunningham.
311. 211111 3115. 1’. \V. \Vilkins.
3121_\111' 1111111112111. 11’111.
311‘X21111ee. (‘1111111‘111112111
Young. 111*111y .\111yrick. 311.
211111 3115. 1\’. 1311111111111. 3115.
r1‘. 1... (VX1111. 31155 1\'21t11
11211111111}; 311'. 211111 3115. '1‘. \V.
312111111115, 11111111
of Santa (1111, \11111 112111 111-1111
1115111111111111211 111 11111111111111}; 1111-

111 hospitality.
were

and

Hugh

citizens

211111

project. \1111111 111 1111 1111-21115
the
were

least important guests

[21111115 (1110112111. 111111

112111 gi1'en ten acres 111 11111

Aptos Ranch, the Home of

1211111. 11115111115 21 5111-111 sixty 1111 \11111- 211111 ground for 21 5121111111 1111 the

‘21111121y. 1’2111‘11‘11 311112111. 111111 1111112111111 5111111 21111121112111 acres. and

llenry 1111121115. 111111 g211e 11111 211111 21 112111 21131115. 11115 111211111 twenty

acres 111 g11111111 g'1‘11111111 11115111115 t111- 12111111111 211111 the 111‘211‘111‘577111‘211‘11’

85 11121113' ZlCl‘CS 11111112

111 111-111111111 11111 (11211111 l’resident 211111

51‘11111 111 11111 (11211111 Directors 211111 11111111111115 111 11111 (‘2111111111‘

These were 111111 1111511111

211111111 21
1.21111115' .\111 Society. 111111 1111111 1‘11111111gt11 111111121111 accept the rich gift
1". Cunning—

in the 112111111111 1111111 organizat on. K11111g1- 1.11g2111 211111 ~1.

 

Claus Spreckels,the Sugar King.

59

The Catholic Ladies'
.\111 Society. which 15 now generally known by its initials. "C. L.
.\. S State by Mrs. l’aul Lohse, of Oakland,
1111' 11111 purpose of systematic charity.

1121111 r11c1-11'1111 11111 111111115 111 trust 1111 the Society.

was 1111111111111 111 this
11 has been a most successful
21111 111 the ‘.e11e1'olent work of the Catholic Church, and seems to
increase 111 1igor as the years go by. The ladies had been looking
about for a tract of land near the seashore where they might establish
21 resort to which Catholic women of restricted means might go for
The offer of the ground near Santa
Cruz was too attractive to be refused, 211111 the property was so gener—

periods of rest 211111 recuperation.

1111s in its dimensions that the
original idea was extended to

include the laying out of
streets and of lots. which
might be 511111 outright to those
wishing to build cottages
where they might enjoy the
seashore at their pleasure.

3115. Margaret Deane, of San
Francisco, was Grand Presi—
dent of the C. L. A. S. (luring
the time of the negotiations
and 1121s been ever since. She is
a woman of broad culturc,gen—
erous heart, admirable execu-
tive ability, and gifted with a
business united
with a sense of justice. which

shrewdness

equipment fits her eminently
for the position.

11111 first business of the Society was to lay out and plant the
grounds and erect a building 1111' the reception of those whom they
hoped would be their guests. 111 connection with the inception and
carrying out of this work the ‘aithful and intelligent services of Miss
Lucy \\'ilso11. first resident 111211121ger of the place, should not be for—
gotten. ll'er good judgment 111 the selection of trees and shrubbery
adapted to the location saved much loss which merely experimental
111111115 incur. 11111111 11el Mar. 21 con1111orli1'1115 211111 well—built hostelry.
111111511 111112111 111121111121 fronts a spacious and safe bathing beach. and

looks out across tlte bay to the Santa Lucia and Gabilan mountains.
commands the entire tract. To the eastward is one of the picturespue
salt lagoons so numerous along the coast, and farther along, toward
Black Point. is some very interesting cliff sculpture. To the fre—
quenters of these resorts the rocks and cliffs offer a constant delight
in the way of surf-fishing.

In building Hotel del Mar. and the accompanying improvements.
the C. L. A. S. incurred a debt of several thousand dollars. This
precluded for a time the devoting of the hotel solely to the reception
of non—paying guests. It has therefore been thrown open each sum—
mer as a resort, and has been
well patronized. Santa Maria
del Mar was, at last. put into
the hands of a special corpora—
tion. The fall'of 1896. by ear—
nest effort. the debt was raised.
and it is now hoped to carry
out the original scheme in its
entirety. This action of the
Society was most gratifying to
Grand President Deane. who
was then temporarily residing
in Paris, where she was super—
intending the education of her
grandchildren. the children of
Mr. and Mrs. M. H. de Young
of San Francisco.

The Hagemann
Hotel is a fine
modernbuilding
located on Pacific Avenue. the principal thoroughfare
of Santa Cruz. It is nearer the Union Depot than any other
house of note. is but a short walk front the beach, and is alto—
The boast of the Hagcmanu

The Hagemann
Hotel.

business

gether desirable as a stopping place.
Hotel management is that. while its rates are second—class. its appoint—
ments, service. meals and general accommodations are first—class in
every particular. No better table is set at the high—priced hotels than
the table of the Hagemann, and yet the charge is but twenty—five cents.
or two bits. as the Californian almost always expresses it. The hotel

 

Hagemann Hotel, Santa Cruz.

7760

is managed by Adolph Lirantz. a popular and experienced hotel man.
\‘isitorswvho like the comforts of a home—like hotel will find the Hage—
mann one of the most pleasant houses in the city.
Gilt-edged Some of this camping. however. is distinctly gilt-edged.
Camp Life. Life in the forest primeval is so modified by the introduc-
tion of ntodern conveniences that it becomes a question whether you
are camping in a drawing—room, or attending a society function with
a camp fire as the center of attraction. llowever. it‘s great fun. and
one has all the delight of outdoors. with pretty much all the indoor
The usual fashion is to arrange early in the sea—
son for the clubbing together
families who are
social intimates. The particu—
lar spot and the time for the
outing being
the general
are consigned

luxuries thrown in.

of several

summer's
upon.
arrangements

to some member of the party
with a special penchant for
that sort of tlting.——a \Yard
.\fc.\llister of the woods. who
calls upon the rest for assist-

decided

ance at need.

\\'hen the fussy little engine
has pulled its pigmy cars and
their unwontedToad of people
and impedimenta away up into
the tall timber. it stops at the
and dis—
gorges the merry crowd. who

station of Nowhere
follow their Columbus quite blindly down a half—blind trail into the
green shadows. If the original forty—niner who came across the plains
in a prairie schooner could have opened his eyes upon the city of
canvas which is revealed to them. he would have believed it only a
mirage. lieside a mountain stream a big space is cleared of under—
growth. Roomy and comfortable tents stand in an irregular circle
about a central opening. where the logs are neatly stacked for the
fire.
dancing. and an upright piano sounds a note of welcome as somebody

evening's camp .\ bigger tent than the rest has a floor for

 

GILT-EDGED CAMPING IN THE SANTA CRUZ MOUNTAINS.

Sundry appetizing odors mingle

strikes the chords of a popular song.
with the redwoo'ds‘ resinous fragrance, and far down by the brookside
a white-capped Chinese chef is bttsy over a steaming range. whence
he will presently serve a six—o'clock dinner. complete in its order frotn
soup to cafe noir. and flanked with long—necked. slender flasks of lx’iess
ling or sturdier bottles of Zinfandel. The long table will stand under
the biggest tree. roofed only by the blue sky. and good digestion will
wait on appetite in the wonderfttl mountain air. The
of the company. which have been a matter for consideration. will

COSUHNL‘S

be all that is chic and picturesque in the latest outing styles. and
will inclttde bathing suits for the
big swimming pool sure to be
found in the stream near by.

T1 e tents are fttrnished with

spring beds and soft rugs: the
mail and the daily papers are
thrown each day from the little
train: a telephone. wired to the
big brown bole of a redwood.
gives direct communication with
the world; and a dozen other

incongruous but comfortable ar—

rangements characterize this
unique living.
“hen the glorious twilight

comes—without danger of rain
or dew or fog,——and the odorous
logs begin to blaze. then comes
the witching hour. Mandolin.
guitar and banjo are brought out: song and story come easily from
every lip: impromptu dances and merry games rouse even the oldest
and the soberest to jollity. and the happy camper realizes that life has
acquired a new and indescribable zest.

There is not, necessarily. any inordinate expense connected with
It has all the advantages of co—operation. and
division lightens cost. It is altogether charming. and it grows upon
Californians yearly as a rational way of spending the summer outing.
Yet it will never wholly supersede the coffee—pot and frying—pan style
of the days of flapjacks and bacon.

this way of doing.

ISABEL H. RAYMOND.

 

Gilt-edged Camp Lite.

,
l
l
l
l
l
l
t

Aptos and The t\\'ent_\>tnile drive along the county high road. from
Loma Prieta. Santa (‘rnz to \\'atsonville. skirts the bay pretty closely
and reveals a varied and beautiful country. ( )n the right is an almost
uninterrupted marine view. with the picturesque ranges of the Santa
Lucia and lil (iabilan softly bounding the distance. The curving
shores are a succession of broad beaches. sharp or rounding head-
lands. and wavessculptured cliffs. with here and there a tree—bordered
stream wending its tortuous way downward to the bay. and. close to
tide~water. many a pretty lagunita. with scraggy livesoak trees kneeling
down to dip their branches in the mirror—like surface.

( tn the left Cruz
range makes with
l.oma l‘rieta. almost 4.000 feet

the Santa

the sky—line
in height. lifting its shoulders
serenely above the other stun—
The

sea in a

mits. mountains descend
to the

rttund~sht)uldered foothills. some

sttccession of

of them dotted with graceful oaks
and so free of undergrowth that
they appear like cultivated parks:
or
planted to vines and fruit trees:

others sown with grain
others wild and unoccupied acres.
waiting to be made the future
homes of a healthy and happy
population. .\ll along are fine
farms and homesteads and pretty
which are
stations on the broadsgauge railway. which rttns close to the bay"s edge.

villages. several of

()ne of the prettiest of these villages is .\ptos. which lies close to the
mouth of a large creek bearing the satne name. having its source far
up in Loma li‘rieta‘s canons. The canon of the .\ptos is picturesque
its whole length. and. where the creek tlows through the village. its
deep gorge is filled with tall redwoods almost down to the bay itself.—
a rare instance of the redwoods leaving their hillside homes for the
s *a—level. .\ptos possesses a commercial interest from the fact that it
is the gateway of all the l.oma l‘rieta lumber district. Two branch
railways. quite primitive in constructimt and equipment. but serving

u». w m w H,
“flag wi‘? ~~ ~

 

LOMA PRIETA LOGGING CAMP-

their purpose well, lead by devious ways from the village up to the
lumber country; and here there are extensive sawmills, with their
accompanying settlements. at the villages called Loma l’rieta and
Valencia. At Aptos there are capacious lumber yards. side tracks and
other conveniences for the transfer and shipping of the lumber via the
main line.

Just below the village the gorge through which the creek flows
broadens into a rarely beautiful bit of country. well wooded. not only
with the Sequoia, but with oak, madrone, and the other arborescent
growths familiar to Santa Cruzans. Softly rounded knolls are
shadowed by broad oaks, and through dark—green vistas one catches
glimpses of the bay. All this is
a part of the large and valuable
estate of Claus Spreckels,whose
beet sugar factory at \Vatson-
ville is told of elsewhere. In
other days there stood near the
bay, in the secluded spot just
spoken of, a hotel, but Mr.
Spreckels decided to close it,
and it has been taken down,pre—
paratory, it is believed, to the
erection of a country home for
the owner, worthy of the pretti-
est building site in California.

Mr. Spreckels’ present sea-
side residence is a big, white.
hospitable—looking mansion
standing in the midst of green
lawns, 0n the county road just below Aptos. It is surrounded by a
couple of thousand acres, largely devoted to the raising of fine stock.
and including some untouched timber land also. Since the establish—
ment of the factory at \Yatsonville, a portion of the estate has been
successfully planted to sugar beets. Another fine estate near Aptos is
that of Henry Mangels. A large country house. picturesque grounds,
good horses and good living characterize this hospitable home. where
house parties from San Francisco are frequent.

Aptos possesses a good public school. which is an indication of its
progressiveness. The principal hotel is owned and kept by the Aranos,

 

 

Street Scene in Aptos. .\

64

whose Spanish dinners are famous. There are one or two other
hostelries. and numerous homes, whose owners are very proud of their
picturesque village.
Dairying in Among the astonishingly varied resources of the tract of
Santa Cruz. country known as Santa Cruz C0unty,——a little Cosmos in
itself.—0ne of the most profitable is dairying. The rich and succulent
grasses which spring up in the dark hours of a winter's night, after the
first good November rain, keep the bare, round shoulders of the foot—
hills. and the nest—like valleys between. verdant through all the winter
and spring months: and, even when embrowned and dried by the
rainless weeks of summer. they retain their nutriment and are as rich
in the elements which go to
the production of milk and
cream as in their junior days.
The grazing lands occupy
about 25.000 acres of rolling
country along the coast in the
northern part of the county.
Mateo
The same formation and
soil extend up into the Pesca—
dero country. where the dairy-
ing interest is also important
In the south,
below .»\ptos.,a.nd on toward
the Pajaro Valley. about
35.000 devoted to
grazing and pasture.
typical dairy is that
and managed by l). l). \Vilder, about four miles north of the
city of Santa Cruz.

reaching to the San
line.

and profitable.

acres are

owned
It consists of 2,330 acres rolling gently upward
from the sandstone cliffs along the l’acific coast—cliffs which are
sculptured by wind and weather into the most curious and picturesque
forms. ()ne "natural bridge" on this property is quite well known to
sightseers and well worth driving out to see: while the beaches near by
are the home of all sorts of shell fish and marine curiosities. and are
much sought as resorts for picnics the year round.

Delos l). \\'ilder is of old Connecticut stock, having been born in

\Vest Hartland in 1820. loyhood life was not too easy for the farmer's

 

THE WILDER DAIRY FARM,

lad, whose first salary was the muniticent stun of $6.50 per tnontli.—«
and half of that in "store pay." But by inheritance and absorption
he accumulated a store of thrift. energy. experience and good judg—
ment which have proved a fortune to him. and which he did not~as
have others—leaVe behind him when he came westward to the land
of manmza and [taco {I'm/1150. Nature is lavish and generous here on the
seaward side of the Sierras. but. all the same. if a man will not work
neither shall he eat; that is. his diet is very likely to be confined to
beans and bacon unless he marries his own energy and good sense to
the virgin virtues of the soil
and the climate.

Mr. Wilder came to Cali—
fornia in 1853, going through
all the adventure and experi-
ence of a seven months’ trip
across the plains. He tried
mining awhile Placer
County, bttt the land allured
him, and in June. 1859, he
started a chicken and dairy
ranch in Marin County 011 a
bit of leased land and $200
capital. From this little nu—
cleus grew success, In 1867
Mr. Wilder was married to
Mrs. Miranda Finch, for—
merly of Michigan, and went
to dairying on a more ex-
tended scale in the same
county. In 1871 they came
to Santa Cruz, and a partnership was formed with L. K. Baldwin.
which lasted until 1885. the firm owning a tract of 4.030 acres. and
acquiring an enviable reputation for the making of the finest butter.
\Vhen, in 1885. a dissolution of the partnership was agreed upon. the
ranch was divided into the “upper” and "lower" places. and the part—
ners were to bid for a choice. Mr. \‘filder secured the lower place of
2,330 acres, paying for it $32,000. Thtre was a ranch house upon this
place, and many natural advantages. especially in ‘the way of springs
and streams. The stock upon the ranch was divided between Mr.

in

  

' Scene on the Baldwin Dairy

66

llaldwin and Mr. \Vilder pro]>ortionately with the land. Since the
division of the ranch Mr.\\'ilder has let no year pass without important
additions to the place. utilizing to the utmost its many natural advan-
tages. Looking from any of the encircling hills down into the
miniature valley where lies the home place, one fancies he has come
upon a whole village tucked away under the bill's brow, so populous
and so busy does it seem. There is the residence of twenty rooms,
porches and gables overgrown with vines and roses, and with bloom—
ing flower gardens surrounding it: a substantial cow barn, with accom—

modations for 206 cows; a
barn for 15 horses,
with sheds for farm imple—
ments: wagon houses; a
blacksmith shop, a machine
shop. two granaries, the low
white dairy house, with its
big clean rooms for the sep-
arators. the milk cooler, the
dynamo and water power.

horse

the office. etc.: quarters for
the men. and everything
necessary for operations 011
the tnost complete scale.

lf the visitor arrives late
in the afternoon. when milk-
ing time is’approaching, the
cows are coming home.—
goo of them: there are 500
head of stock in all. The
father of the herd is a big
As the
stm lowers. the electric lights glimmer here and tncre throughout the

 

Ranch, Near Santa Cruz.
Holstein with a pedigree as long as that of the \‘cre de \Vcres.
place. and every man is at his post to do his share of the business in

hand—the caring for the milk and stock. No cheese is made on this

ranch. but milk and cream are sold in large quantities in Santa Cruz.
and butter is the chief product. .\t milking time that portion which is
to be carried to "town" for sale is poured into a tank above the milk
cooler. an ingenious device by which all the animal heat is extracted

at. once. The milk falls over a corrugated face of tin lined with copper.

inside ()i which a stream (if cnld spring: water passes back and forth.
The milk, which goes intn the tank with a temperature mi about ()0
degrees. emerges thereirnm with a temperature mi almnt (30 degrees.
while the water. after its zigzag cutn‘se duwn the inside of the cmrler.

in which a mysteriuns transfurmatiun uccnrs. b_\‘ means of which the
thick. lnsciuns. _\'elluw er‘am pours out of a pipe on one side into a
receptacle. while the skim milk. quite blue and exhausted. finds its way
intu a \'at Hit the Opposite side.

i
l

 

315M .

D

 

comes out several (.legrees warmer than the milk. THE NATURAL BRIDGE DAIRY RANCH. Now, the h‘art

and lungs ()i all this big enterprise is
The rest of the milk is poured directl_\ irmn the pails into a tank of a

the water power. which was Nature‘s gift to the place, and by which
the Vital principle, electricity. is generated. A very fine stream of
, water crusses the limne place. Six years ago Mr. \Vilder built a dam

capacity of 130 gallons, frmn which it is eunveyed to a smaller tank and
thence to the circular separatmrsia little n )nnd tin l)!!_\.1if§htl}‘ cm‘ered.

v IN

w M

  
    

RESIDENCE 01-‘CARL F.1JNDSM: MIDWINTER VIEWS OF SANTA CRUZ COUNTY.
RESIDENCE or (21-: 'XCRAI, ’1‘ IL BI'N‘I‘ING. R11~1mxmimf 1i KRUV.

va‘rm XVI»: H17 \le'x‘. Sci!“ \R'Tl.

 

‘\ \\':\H K A\1 1: Rxmm )zy l'HH RIYI’R.

in the main creek on his own place, o.ooo feet from his house. and
tlumed the water to a reservoir on a hilltop not far away. Thence, by
an eight-inch main pipe, with a fall of 2I6 feet. the water is conveyed
to a l’elton wheel in a small building in the rear of the dairy house.
The possible horse—power from this is one hundred. but the twenty
This

is belted from one side of the wheel directly to a 'l‘hompson-liouston

horse—power now in use is amply sufficient for all present needs.

self—regulating dynamo of 150 lights. which supplies a current of 110
volts. Every building on the place is amply supplied with incandescent
lamps, while three are lights on tall masts illuminate the grounds and
furnish an ”artificial sunrise" by which the cows are supposed to rise

Mr.

\Vilder tells, with much gusto. of having been accused of cruelty to

at an abnormally early hour and prepare to give down their milk.

animals by some orthodox silurians when he first introduced this inno-
vation upon the ancient methods!

The ”l’elton" is belted to a countershaft on its other side. and thus
makes the "wheels go round” all over the place. it drives two cream
separators, a churn, lathes, a barley crusher. wood saw. bone grinder.
cabinet saws. wood planer, emery wheel, grindstones. circular saws.
coffee and fanning mills: thence. by long cable. it gets its work in at

That

dynamo is an important piece of machinery. and the list of its services

the cow barn on a hay and feed cuttc‘ and pumpkin grinder.

that I have given shows another thing :—-—its owner and proprietor sees
that not a volt nor a pound of horse—power is wasted. There is neither
making nor mending done outside of the place, and everything is as
methodical as clockwork and as trim as a New England housekeepers
kitchen.

M. D. \Vilder, son of l). l). \Vilder, is the electrician of the place.
and he has introduced. also, electric heaters. and motors for the house
sewing machine, the forge. and other small machinery. besides a small
dynamo and circuit for all-night use.

The \Yilder place has also the advantage of the City pipe line from
Eagle Canon, which crosses it. and. in return for right of way. Mr.
\\'ilder is entitled to certain use of it. \\'ith a pressure from this line
of 280 pounds to the square inch. and a fire hose always in readiness.
the family need pass no wakeful hours in fear of tire. F

For household purposes the water of an ice—cold spring in a hillside
is piped to a reservoir 700 feet from the house. while an irrigating ditch
one mile long taps the main creek. and. during the dry months, fur—

 

69

nishes water for the gardens, orchards and several acres of fodder and
vegetables.

This short story has a moral. but it is hardly necessary to elucidate it.
The good God generally has an ample reward for the man who uses his
gifts with wisdom and with industry, especially in Santa Cruz County.

The coast road dairies above \\'ilder's are those of Ed. Anderson,
l’io Scaroni, Antone Sylva, Joseph Enright, T. Respini, Moretti I.
liilippini. A. (iianonni and C. Lombardi.

lieyond \\"ilder's, in a snug little valley which is the outlet of Eagle
(ilen.—a picturesque,cliff—bounded canon where Cojo Creek cuts down
to the ocean,—is a typical small dairy. Mr. and Mrs. Antone Sylva
have given their 180—acre ranch the name of Eagle Glen Dairy, and a
more thoroughly kept and well arranged place it would be hard to find.
They have occupied the place twenty years, have built them a pleasant
home. with plenty of western windows looking out upon the sea, and
Mrs. Sylva's excellent taste and loving care have made her flower
garden the admiration of all visitors and passers—by. Forty cows are
milked. and their product is all manufactured into butter, which has a
The city pipe-line crosses the farm
Electricity will

first—class reputation for quality.
and provides ample water-power for churning. etc.
soon be introduced.

Then comes Supervisor Enright's cheese dairy. Genial Joe Eli--
right is a general favorite. especially with his neighbors along the
“Coast Road." He has served his district well as Supervisor, and the
improvement in grades, bridges and roads has been general.

.\lr. Enright manufactures cheese only upon his farm, and it is good
cheese. too, with a rich flavor and a luscious quality well worth testing.
He and his good wife are popular for their ready answers to- all
charitable, church and public—spirited calls for aid, and Mr. Enright’s
tine baritone voice and musical skill are in pretty constant demand.
He has considerable influence with his fellow members of the Board of
Supervisors. and uses that influence for the good of the county
every time. His father was the late James Enright, a leading citizen
and capitalist of Santa Clara County.

Besides his dairy interest. Mr. Enright possesses a mine of bitumin~
ous rock on his property. which only needs development to make it
yield a good income. Take it all in all, Mr. Enright is one of the
most prosperous and promising of the young ranchmen of Santa Cruz

County. ISABEL H. RAYMOND.

Tbe Sat?) Lorenzo Taooeryo

HE manufacture of a superior quality of leather has long been
one of the specialties of Santa Cruz County. .\t present the
principal representative of this industry is the San Lorenzo Tan—
nery. owned and operated by the limit Tanning Company. The

tannery is located on River Street. near the city limits. on the direct
road to the Big Trees. Felton and the l’owder Mills.
extends to the San Lorenzo River. on which stream it has an ample
frontage. This location has
been the site of a tannery since a
1855. During the winter of
1861—62 the buildings stood on
a point which jutted into the
river, and were washed away by ‘ .-
the high water of that year. '
They were rebuilt, and in 1866
the property was purchased by
_l. 17. Kron. the founder of the
present company. His death
occurred in 1879, since which
time the business has been
conducted by his widow and
three sons.

The Kron Tanning Company

The property

\/

 

is a close corporation. of which
0. J. Kron is President. H. l“.
Kron, Vice-President. and Mrs.
.\. K. Kron and F. R.
are the remaining members. L‘.

K ron

\V. Purrington is Secretary. The manufactory. in Santa Cruz. is man—
aged by Henry F. Kron: the wholesale commission house and prin—
cipal place of business. in San l’rancisco. is in charge of Oscar J. Kron:
Frank R. Kron. of Sydney, Australia. handles a large portion of the
output and ships to the tannery from that country a part of the hides
used in manufacture.

The commodious and \\'ell~arranged buildings which form the
present plant of the tannery are the center of quite a busy and populous

little village. Standing in the pretty valley. known from old mission

 

days as the “l‘otrero.” it is so environed by half—wooded bills as to be
quite cut of? from the h art of the city so near at hand. The pleasant
residences of Mrs. A. K. Kron and H. I“. Kron. with their home
grounds and orchards. are supplemented by the neat cottages of the
married employees of the tannery. the boarding house provided for the
unmarried men. and the tidy little hose house of Pogonip Hose Comv
pany. an organization formed entirely of taunery men.

The beam house of the tan-
nery is 40X120 feet in dimen-
the yard is 120 feet
square: there 140 double
and single vats (20 “stringers”
and 120 "lay—aways"); the leach
house. ioxtgo, contains ten six--
leaches and two

sit ms:
are

 

cord square

eight—cord round leaches.
Steam is by a

furiace furnished with a brick

generated

stack 11o feet in height. having
The fuel used
is wet which is
delivered to the furnace by ele—
The 110
horse—power in capacity.

a four—foot tluc.
tan bark.

vators. engine is

.\ 15o—light Edison electric
dynamo supplies the tannery
with incandescent lights, and
both the family residences will
soon be illuminated also from the same source.

l’ifty men are employed in the tannery. while a large number of men
and teams are engaged during the year hauling the 2.500 cords of tan
bark used from the forests in the Santa (“ruz Mountains.

The capacity of the works is 25o sides per day, and the product is
a superior quality of sole leather. The manufactm‘y runs throughout
the year. The finished product is shipped to San .l’ranciseo, Chicago,
New York and lloston in the i'nited States. as well as to Japan and

wustraha. t ahtornia Iurmshes the maior portion or the lndes used

V's’AN LORENZO TAHHERY.

1‘, SJ”.

 

 

VIEWS OF THE SAN LORENZO TANNERY. H. KRON, Proprietor.

at the tannery, and Australia and the Hawaiian Islands the balance.
The founder of this establishment. j. l“. Kron. was one of the solid
and leading citizens of Santa Cruz. known and honored by the com-
munity in which he lived for his integrity. his industry. his business
ability, and his generosity. These sterling virtues he bequeathed to his
sons, and the large business which they have continued to carry on
successfully is a living evidence of what may be accomplished by apply-
ing intelligence, energy and business ability to a thorough knowledge
of the manufacture of a widely
used commodity. Such indus—
tries build up a community far
more solidly than more specu—
lative ventures, no matter how
brilliant they may appear.
Water Works \V hen a man
of the City of buys property in
Santa sz- the city of Santa
Cruz he comes into posses—
sion, also, of his proportion of
the city's system of electric
lights, of its sewerage service.
and of a complete system of
water works by which the
waters of a never-failing
mountain stream are taken

 

near its source. ten miles away
in the hilltops. and diverted,
by a well-laid pipe line. to the
city's service.

Santa Cruz was only a small
town when. in 1885. she began
to agitate the matter of public ownership of water. \\'ith such :1
largess of that great gift of nature on every hand, it was the most self-
evident and sensible thing to do. and in 1888 a successful election was
held, voting $300,000 bonds for the purpose of building a water system.
On October 13. 1890, the last section of the pipe line was laid. and in
December, 1890. the system was turned over to the city.

Laguna Creek. one of the principal str>ams of the county. was
chosen as the source of supply. Twelve miles away. up in the pictur—

 

‘I
Is)

estlue canon where it has its fountain head. amid the silences of the
redwood forest. a fine dam of rubble stonework was built, and the
purest water on ‘arth conserved. in a supply which will be adequate
for the city away down on the seashore when it shall have far outgrown
its present limits.

Laguna Canon is well worth a visit. The drive there is interesting.
whether taken by way of the coast or across country and through the
hills. The canon is romantic and picturesque. and the stream. which
becomes a small torrent in
the winter. tumbles down over
a bed of boulders between
giant cliffs in so much of a
hurry that there is absolutely
no chance for any abnormal or
unwholesome vegetable
growth to accumulate.

_\t the dam. the water is
first diverted from the creek
into a tlume of solid masonry
3x4 feet in dimensions and
loo feet in length. Thence it
enters a fourteen—inch main.
and this pipe line leads over
hill and through gorge. across
farm and dairy and vineyard.
ten miles down to a storage
reservoir “:13 miles above the
city.~ra reservoir of a capacity
ti si.\t_\~tive million gallons.

[luring the summer. so ample

Residence of Mrs. Rachel Swan, Near Soquel. is lllt‘ supplv. lllL’ \\'th€1‘ l5

often turned directly from the source. fresh and cold. into the city
mains. leaving that in the reservoir as a reserve. The reservoir. in
case renewal of the water is desired. can be ‘apidly emptied into a
canon below and filled again from the big main. llut there is small
danger of stagnation. as the winds have free sweep. and the growth of
vegetation is not rank on the banks of the reservoir.

The consumers of Santa crux are served through about thirty—seven

miles of distributing pipes, and the rates are very low. lior houses of

seven or eight rooms. with small family, fifty cents per month paxs for l of hills strikes northward and joins the mountains which form the

all domestic uses. including bath. irrigation of small flower garden. boundary line between San Mateo and Santa Cruz counties. On the
lawn, etc. lior stable Use and one horse or cow. ten cents per month sontli lien lannond rises to a height of over 2,000 feet, while on tlte
is charged. with five cents for each additional head of stock. l’or west the basin is separated frotn the coast by an isolated line of chalk
irrigation in excess of 13o square yards. onewiglitli of one cent is ridges.

paid. These rates may \\ell challenge cotttpat'isott with those of \\'itlnn this environment the rich red—brown holes of the redwoods
any Cit)’ ill tht’ world. while the purity and unfailing duality and are set tliicltly oyer almost the entire area. their tall shafts. thousands
quantity of the great of them, shooting up,

necessityareabst)lutely i absolutely without
bend or curve, for
i more than three hun—
(lred feet. This great
‘ height helittles the
apparent circumfer—
ence at the base, and
one needs the prac-
tical demonstration of

unrivaled.

t\s a fire protection
the water system is as
nearly perfect as it can
be. The static pressure
in the city mains is
one hundred pounds
to the square incli.witli
ninetypounds running the tape line to be
convinced that sixty
feet measures the

pressure. il‘k‘sts have
been made during
girth of these won~
(lerful and graceful
growths. Immense

which three streams at
once have been tltrt m n
to a height of [lo feet,
as they are it is ap—
parent. eyen to an
unscientific eye. that

these are but the

and ti\‘e streams at
lit

fire hydrants are nu

once almost as big
merous. and the equip

ment and seryice of babes of mothers

 

the existing lire da- which ll\'C(l 1n the

partment are ample ' (layswhen therewere,
and admirable. indeed. giants. Most

1‘3”” ”- l"“'-‘“"“ The GirlS' 0"?” Corps- interestingandnotice—
The Big ilflfet'c is in Santat rtt/ ' 'ounty one magnificent tract of Virgin able features of redwood growth. found not only in the Big Basin, but
3351'" forest. where the ll2l1i\t’ tret \ ttt‘tttlit st‘tti}tt‘t‘\ll‘etls. or redr throughout the Santa t'ruz Mountains. are the great circles where the
\\tvod~is still growing in untouched beam} and grandeur. as it l:a< tail. straight stems of the big trees spring up from a perfectly per-
lteen growing ft»1‘;1 tlit insand _\ t';tt‘s_ ceptible and traceable circular ridge formed of the roots of a prehistoric

’l‘his‘ great basin. comprising an area of more than twenty *ll‘t‘e sttuare tree \\hose dimensions one scarcely dare guess at. The cathedral—like
miles, lies in the northern part of the ct amt} at an altitude of alu an inch tsttres of these circles form fitting temples for the worship of nature,
I._>oo feet. and is enyironed ha. mountain tanges. t tn the east a range and. in the rich deposit of leaf and loam which the centuries have left,

‘1
’44

§§ .

 

 

|896‘

VF’HOTOGRAF’HED IN DECEMBER

MIDWINTER VIEWS‘

EMMA \VI Lsox,

3IRS,

II. 3111(le |..

\\‘.

BRAM.

(:mnun:

the rarest and daintiest of the forest flowers have taken root and woven
themselves into a mosaic floor for the sanctuary.

The Big Basin is accessible for the pe‘seyering and ardent beauty—
seeker who is willing to leave his carriage and take to the saddle. and,
at last, when he would penetrate to the very "innermost," will consent
to tie his horse to a sapling and follow the trail on foot. The big tract
has not yet been traversed by roads because it has. so far. escaped the
logger and the lumberman. lt is ardently to be hoped that a portion,
at least, of this unique bit of beauty and grandeur may be reserved for a
State or a national park. There is one solid block of 1.500 acres, near
'the heart of the tract. which would be eminently suitable for such a
park, since it embodies all the best features of the whole.

But there is much other beauty here besides the redwoods.
a vast variety of other growths.

There is
laurel. madrona. pine, oak, maple.
and a dozen more trees,—\\'hile azaleas, eeanothus, manzanita. and a

 

score of flowering shrubs, almost reach the status of trees in their gen-
erous growth. The configuration of the large area contributes to its
picturesque‘interest. J’ar up in the hilltops hidden springs form the
headwaters of Boulder, San Lorenzo, \Vaddell's and a dozen other
c1 eeks, and these find their way seaward through romantic gorges and
canons, where peaks and rocky walls lend a touch of grandeur. Deer
abound, and there is still an occasional hear found. while smaller game
is plentiful. The streams swarm with trout. and for the camper and
sportsman this is paradise indeed. l’roin the village of Boulder the
basin is accessible, and an outfit and a guide for those who wish to

penetrate its fastnessts can always be found there.

[sun-:1, II. RAYMOND.

4-

The following beautiful description of a California
To the
Eastern reader it may seem but a flight of poetic fancy, but those who
live in the Land of Sunshine will appreciate the truthfulness as well as

A Prose Poem. , . . . .
winter day was written by Mrs. lullza ()tis.

the loveliness of the description:

“It would be an easy matter to-day to dream that we were in the
tropics,—in the land of sunshine and perpetual blossoming, in the
far off Orient. where the race was cradled. and time first sprang into
being amid the bloom of a fragrant world and the tinkling melody Of
waters.
many hilltops west of the city and take in the wide perspective.

Let the Eastern visitor take his stand to—day upon one of the
How
unlike the realm of wintry cold. of howling blasts. of leafless trees and

ice—bound streams that he has left behind him! lle can catch a

\l

in

glimpse of winter only afar. The mighty uplift of the Sierras, Where
the massive peaks rest upon the blue of heaven, alone are hoary and
snow—crowned. Tinkling streams run merrily through the green vales.
The broad river glides past grass-lined banks and nodding flowers.
The hills are clothed in summer garments; The great orange orchards
hold ripening harvests. The brown vineyards arerbursting into leaf,
and the gardens are richer than Eastern conservatories in the gay
coloring of bud and flower. You look to the east and the. west,rand
hills and plains show springing harvests. The mountain—sides glow at
noon in golden lights, and melt at coming eve into rosy splendor.
Like a vast billowy sea of green stretch the long, wide valleys from the
mountains to the sea. Everywhere great orchards and trees with
spreading boughs are seen, like ships with emerald sails upon this sea
of color. and far beyond their breeze—kissed waves roll and sparkle the
crystal waters of the Pacific. V'Ve see the flash of many wings within
The gold of the butterflies’ pinions dot the
Rainbow winged, the great fly armies buzz
in soft undertones above us. The blue of the river and the blue of the
sky are twins in color. The merry beetle crawls amid the white sands.
The ants are building their tiny hills, and the gopher eyes’them from
his hole. The soft breezes come laden with the scent of rose gardens
and lily patches, and like a crimson banner the bright poinsetta sways
to and fro in the tremulous air. From their lowly beds the violets look
up open—eyed. holding the breath of summer fragrance. The Winds
are hushed, the sky is a tender azure which clouds but seldOm come to
mar. Dawns break in crimson glory, and sunsets melt in gold and
purple splendor. No clouds, snow-laden, sullen with wrath, sweep in
wind—beaten tracks across the sky. The southeast wind blows to
marshal but pattering raindrops, that sing of plenty, and growing
harvests. The earth smiles at their coming, and growth runs along
the hilltops and through the valleys, scattering flowers wherever her
footsteps fall. \Ye sit to—day by open windows with a breath like that
of May upon our cheeks. The glad earth seems half a—swoon within,
the noon sunshine. The spirit of summer hours is asleep in the arms
of January. The souls of coming harvests dream upon the lap of earth.
The white snow of orange blooms is falling from our orchards. The
pink rain of fallen rose leaves is dropping on our sward. Bird calls to
bird from treetop to treetop, and we feel the pulse of summer athrob in
climbing vines, in fragrant amaranth, and all the beautiful, blossoming,
smiling world upon our shores. And such is winter in California.”

the soft, ambient air.
shining sea of sunlight.

California Weather in Ffignres.

OFFICIAL FIGURES SHOWING THE VARIATIONS 0F TEMPERATURE F0R EIGHTEEN YEARS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

jANUARY. FEBRUARY. MARCH. APRIL. .MAX JUNE. JULY. AUGUST. SEPTEMBER.

Temp. Temp. Temp. Temp. Temp. Temp. Temp Temp. Temp.

YEAR. . _ . _I . . ff . ~I ~I _ . .‘ . . 1.77787
§§d§Igii§§.駧iigIz-Sgifiégz-Eigdgggd
gag-raggaEaéeéeéeéeIc-egadeEadieéheéeégée
555-2 52%me :35 5 5.95 g :Zés-S 5.35“: 5255-}: :25 5%: a
22222222 2I2I2;m 2222 222:4 22I22 222Ix 222.2 2'222

I . I 4 I I I . I 3 I I I ‘ i I ‘
1878 723755333 714155 7.68 76I4157l 2.57 8042591.71 8947.631 .66 81471671 .07 8852'70 00 895471: .00 10350170 .00
1879 743653359 80‘39156 «97 9942593 -49 88I42;®.I-I9 974362‘ -24 104515623 93 845269 00 98 53 72 .00 1014469 -00
1880 763054133 703451 .56 7436524 1.45 53i40‘57 5.06 97 4263: 04 83 50566: .00 855265 T 87 52 69 T. 9144166 .00
1881 71 375311.43 8642 59 .36 89137457 1.66 9448163 .46 894164 .01 88481671 .00 96 52 72 00 10052 71 T. 1025070 T.
1882 743250101 77 3251 2.66 8835156: 2.66 80540158183 8642 644 .63 87 50766} T. 9852 71 00 99 57 734 .00 10046E701 T.
1883 823053f1.62 82 28:52 3.47 8443I58i 2.87 89i39i58 14 1004064202 1005271 .03 9052 73 T 985172 .00 10453741: .00
I884 783454315 8938561337 7237561236 80142459358 7947 63} -39 9850168139 9952 73 ~00 102 52 73‘ -oo 9246;67‘1‘.
1885 723855105 813657 T. 854262 .01 8745i632.01 8049664 .06 9047367 T. 9852i” T 10651J75‘ T. 1085171‘ .00
1886 753255778 814160 1.41 763755 2.52 804259332 894465} .00 92.48691: .11 985072 24 98544751 .21 914868 .00
1887 803355 .20 8235 51 9.25 8541‘60‘I 29 874060236 92.4464 20 100:4768 .07 9851721 .07 9452:70; .00 9134969 15
I888 713150604 7439.544 .80 75:36:56i 317 994463 I2 834563 ~05 94:5069I -01 95 4973! .03 975173; -08 9855 74 T.
1889 713252 .25 8413356 .92 814459 6.48 934662 27 944663 .65 815166 .01 995471; T 955372: .61 103352 73 .00
1890 67341494783 8143554 1.36 81‘40‘158 66 944259 -22 904363: -00 105148681 .02 9755 73} -00 9856;73.‘ -03 944471 06
1891 803456; .25 713353 8.56 824058 .41 864259126 7447 62‘ .31 98934966; .00 10954 74I T. 96 54'75‘ .00 100452 73 06
1892 813757: .88 74938454 3.19 813657! 3.39 8814059 22 9942.62 2.07 88i4664 .06 905068; .00 9453172: .01 95 5068 .00
1893 843557629 79i38:55 2.21 8831I54i 8.52 843958 19 9045I63 06 90.4866; .03 895070 .00 62 54'71‘ .00 9048 66 T.
1894 7532fsr‘ .94 7335I51 .49 8255354 .37 854159 13 804660 20 83146691 885167111 97 5270? .01 99 4969 73
1895 77‘37521584 84l36i57 .46 84138156} 3.77 82'41‘59 .46 884764 19 100i47 66 .01 855468; T. 885169‘ T. 97j48169 T.
Avrg. 76'3453288 783655 3.27 823857 2.98 8742601.42 894463 .45 914867 .11 9552 71 .02 9653 72 .05 984970 .06

REMARKS.—The average temperature for the seasons, deduced from the tables, is as follows : \Vinter, 55 degrees : Spring, 60 degrees ;

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

OCTOBER.

NOVEMBER.

DECEMBER.

 

Temp.

Temp.

 

 

Maximum.
‘ Minimum.

9143 65: .14
964266 .93
894463 .14
824361 .82
884463 .05
834462142
8943 63‘ -39
1024266 .30
824160 .02
9347 66] .17
984466 .40
895066696
994668 .03
89 4666} .00
96140641I .33
914663 .75
9645 66. .02

91 44 64 .76

Maximum.

Rainfall.

 

Maximum.
Minimum.

Mean.
Rainfall.

 

I Minimum.

81i37 59II
8456 57 3
85435 56
81 34 57 -
81336 58h.
8442 60‘ .
8839 61;].
78I40 6015.
85841571.
8639 60| .
83 4o 60'4.
82‘43‘614 .
96 .11-'66} .
85 4061
9041 6214.
86 39 57i .20
92381591i ~

85 39 60 1.40

 

 

88
76
80
79
82
80
76

30 55
3O
38
35
35
37
36
82 4.0
85 37
73335
7941
6840
82‘43
75 33
81135
88 37
75:39

 

55

 

55 I.
54Il 4.
58% 3.
54' 4-

 

79 36 56 4-15

 

degrees. The average seasonal rainfall. 17.56 inches. The symbol T. in the rainfall column indicates a trace of precipitation.
It will be observed on examining the table that the lowest temperature recorded during the cold period of the year, or rather its calendar equivalent, was 28 degrees. and

during the seasons there were but six when the temperature fell below the freezing point ot’water, and then this temperature w
the early morning, after which a material rise occurred. A fact to be noted in considering the table, in connection w

greatest heat, the percentage of atmospheric moisture is very low, which so modifies the temperature that the heat is neither oppressive nor prostrating.

76

Summer. 70 degrees; Autumn, 65

as maintained but a limited time, usually in
ith the summer temperatures, is that, during the period of

Bonito valle del Pajaro,
Beautiful “ valley of birds.”
No easier task
Could a writer ask
Than to rhyme your praise in words.

From crown of your eastern hills,
To play of the waves on shore,

Iolsa dell Pajaro.

The mist that the west wind brings,
And leaves as a mantle of white,—

A blessing disguised,

By God devised,—
ls protection from drought and blight.

The tempered kiss of the sun
On your grain, your fruits and flowers,

Your mountains, your rivers and lakes,
Your redwoods, the giants of trees,
Your beautiful drives.
Where husbandry thrives,
Your beach with balmiest breeze.

Could heart ask for more than you give?
(The best that the earth can provide.)

Every acre of soil
Will yield to toil
A harvest, abundant, and more.

H E bluest of skies: sunsets as glorious as any
that e’er stirred the heart of a poet; air pure
and breezes soft: streams babbling seaward:
the great l’acific breaking in showers of

feathery foam along its shores: flowers. delicate and
beautiful. carpeting the circling hills: forests of
graceful oaks and stately redwoods. alive with bounding deer and
merry songsters: fertile meadows and sunny slopes: cool. sparkling
springs; billowy vineyards and bending orchards. with white cottages
scattered here and there. while towering mountains. like huge walls.

 

guard this favored spot,—l’ajaro, a domain that would make a king-
dom for the gods. and the fairest jewel in the crown of the (iolden
\Yest.” was once written of this valley. and it is all true~too true!
“ ’Tis true ‘tis pity. and pity 'tis itis true." for if ‘twere untrue ‘twoultl
be believed.

If, as Mr. Francis has implied. one must be a cheerful liar in order
to impress some of the truth upon doubting r’aders. i would not
hesitate at undertaking to rival .\nanias. but such a course is unneces—
sary. I know that my ability to tell the truth and nothing but the
truth in a readable manner is inadequate to do justice to the subject.
but. spurred by an inborn love of the l’ajaro. I am constrained to
attempt it.

liacts, to the stranger. stranger than fiction. are here to be stated.
and their truths curtailed. so that the suggestion. so connnonly given
in works of this nature. that the writer is romancing, may be entirely
absent.

Leaves a roseate hue
That gives to you
A fame in this world of ours.

Every blessing, full measure, is yours.
If a cloud ever darkens your sky,
The sunshine is brighter,
Hearts are the lighter,
After it passes you by.

l

Mucho amor to thee,
Bolsa by the sea,

Pajaro, vale of our pride. W. St SANBORN.

Between the undulating foothills that slope grad-

uallv down from the Coast Range of mountains on

the north and east to the Bay of Monterey on the

west. and the table land to the south that stretches
. f1 0m the foot of famed Gabilan Peak (Fremont’s)

to the mouth of the Salinas River, ”in a pocket of
the hills." lie 50.000 acres of land that are certainly favored of the
Mastei of Architects.

In this county of prolific resources. in this State of limitless adapta-
tion to production. it was evidently intended that some one portion
should contain all the attributes in small measure that go to ,make up
the perfection of the Coast as a whole. That the Pajaro Valley is one
of these chosen spots is undeniable.

As the explorations and discoveriesof'Cabrillo, Drake and Vizcaino
were each of dates very remote from the actual settling of'the portion
of the coast that surrounds what is now called Monterey Bay, their
doings are left to be recounted by persons of longer memory than
myself.

This valley received its name, Pajaro (pronounced Pa—ha~ro), from
the river running through it. which was called Rio del PajarO—Bird
River~by the soldiers under the Mexican Governor, Portola, in I769,
and has retained that name, although, contrary to custom, that given
to it by Father Crespi at the same time (St. Ana) is now almost
unknown.

That the. probable descendants of the birds from which the river
was named were here nearly one hundred years later is a fact vouched

for by the white settlers of the forties and early fifties who say that
countless millions of birds of many species flocked here at that time.

Streams of the The Pajaro River rises in a spur of the Coast Range
VJIIBY- of mountains in San Benito County and flows in a
general westerly direction. It enters the Pajaro Valley at a point
some ten miles from its mouth through a winding gorge in the
hills, and, after crossing an arm of the valley, makes an almost
straight course southwesterly along the base of the table land referred
to. to its confluence with a slough or backwater from the ocean that
extends north along the sandhills near the beach. from its mouth, to
where the higher lands or foothills of the San Andreas jut upon the

 

A Bit of Watsonville.
Thence the slough extends northerly to the city of VVatson-

ocean.
ville, a distance of five miles. This entire slough has been recently
drained by a ditch constructed by the Pajaro Valley Drainage Asso—
ciation.

The Corralitos Creek rises on the eastern slope of Loma Prieta
mountain and flows southeasterly, past the village of that name, wind-
ing and turning through some of the richest land in the world. and
empties into College Lake. the most beautiful lake in the valley.

The Sal Si Puedes has its source in the above lake and flows south-
easterly to the Pajaro River.

During the high waters of winter a pleasant passage by sailboat can
be made from College Lake, via the Sal Si Puedes and Pajaro rivers,

to the Bay of Monterey. a distance of about eight miles.

The name, Sal Si Puedes, means “get out if you can,” and was given
to it as the reply of a Californian to his companion who called for
assistance when drowning in the quicksand.

It will be noted that the natural drainage of the Pajaro basin is even

more perfect than it could have been arranged by mortal artisan. In
addition to the provision of natural canals on three sides of the valley,
the surplus water of the foothills for a distance of ten miles on the
fourth side (the eastern) finds its way to some one of the lakes, which
are five in number.
The Chain of These five lakes extend for about seven miles along
Lakes. the east side of the valley. and are about two miles
from the foot of the Coast Range. They are not all connected, but in
winter. when the rains have fallen copiously and it is the season of
very high water, each finds an outlet to the Sal Si Puedes River.

Since their discovery, over a century ago. they have been variously
named, after discoverers, claimants and noted characters, until now
but one of them has an established name—College Lake. the largest
and prettiest of the five. This one. is about three miles in length, by
one and one-half in average width. and is unexcelled in the State as
a place for duck hunting and perch fishing. Catfish also abound in
these as in the waters of the neighboring lakes. and afford excellent
and enjoyable sport for those who love the rod and line.

Last year Mr. H. C. Peckham placed a gasoline launch on College
Lake for the accommodation of picnic parties. and found it a paying
investment. livery Sunday during good weather sees the launch
crowded for each trip of seven miles around the lake, and each week
day a bevy of people patronize the boat.

During the winter the launch is t‘ansferred to Moss Landing. where
the slough and bay offer a spice to the excitement of duck hunting
and variety to the quality of fishing sport.

A Blessing \Vhile nature was so carefully providing a means of either
DngUiSfi‘d- storage or egress for the superfluous rainfalls of winter, an
equally certain preventive of drought was established.

During the summer and autumn months an almost nightly visitant
is the “Pajaro Valley Fog," a light mist which. although actually
dreaded in other portions of the State. is recognized here as a bless—
ing, in that it has gained for this valley the reputation (unknown in
other sections) of never having a dry year.

In '76, when the whole State was visited with drought. the l’ajaro
valley produced an unusually large yield of grain and potatoes (the
staple products of that time).

This fog has been found particularly beneficial in later years since so
much acreage is devoted to beet raising.

First False ;\ widespread impression has prevailed for years in the
Impressions. East that California is still in the borderland between
savagery and civilization.
literature that was foisted upon the public in the earlier days of this
country’s settlement. The writers of these romances, reviews. etc.,
are not so much at fault as the readers themselves. The standard of
merit was made by comparison with the number of murders that the

This idea is one promulgated by the class of

reader thought should be credited to the hero.

A California story was not considered Ieadable unless it contained
at least one each of the following charactei s: _\ gambler. a murderer.
an illegitimate child. a faro queen. an Indian, a Mexican. a vaquero.
or a priest.
dressed and acted as a gentleman, or a heroine who was intelligent and
virtuous, were condemned as fictitious. "\\‘illiam Urey” t\\'illiam 1’.
\Vhite), who, in 1831 published "l’ioneer Times in California." tried

\Vithout these it was destined to obscurity. .\ hero who

to overcome this prejudice by a fair statement of facts and by provable
contradictions of statements made in "The Annals of San Francisco."
pttblished in 1854, but he was too late.
and not even the actual observations of thousands upon thousands of

The evil was already wrought,

tourists who have viewed California from the hurricane deck of a palace
car have been able to counteract the evil of a first false impression.
Eastern people. as a rule. will not believe that Californians outside of
San Francisco and Los .\ngeles are civilized. Christianized, educated.
or even intelligent. in a town in Nevada where there is an ordinance
prohibiting the firing of a gun within its limits. under penalty of a
fine of $100, I once saw two apparently sane Eastern boys, California—
bound. who wore cowboy hats. spurs. and revolvers almost as large as
themselves. .-\s they paraded the depot platform, proudly conscious
of security against attack, they were the subjects of sententious and
deserved comment from an old Shoshone lndian. who remarked. with
emphasis, “lleap damn fool.”
The Valley Al= It is a safe assertion that if onediumlredth part of the
"1051 Unknown. money that has been spent in advertising either San

Diego, San liernardino. Los .\ngeles. Orange, Santa l)arbara. Kern.

79

lFresno, Butte or Alameda counties, had been expended in showing to
the outside world the advantages of the Pajaro Valley, there would not
now be a farm of over ten acres in size to be had for any money. Every
detail of the climate, population and area, every figure of the statistics
for rainfall. temperature, production and realization of the counties
named. is familar to the Eastern homeseeker. He has been compelled,
by insistence. to read alluring statements sowed as bait upon railroad
folders, hotel bills of fare, omnibus and street car signs, in books,
pamphlets. cards, general circulars and personal letters, until he knows
exactly how many tons of rabbit tracks can be produced in any given

acreage of the above counties. Of Santa Cruz County, if he knows

     

 

\gaTsonville’s Fire Fighters.
anything, he knows that it is probably the suburbs of the city of Santa
Cruz. and that Santa Cruz is a summer resort.

t‘redulous people have sold out comfortable homes in the East and
have purchased homes “in the West,” through an agent, probably, and
when they have come, bag, baggage, children and chickens, to take
possession of their new Eden, have discovered it to consist of the speci-
fied number of acres. the regulation railway facilities, the stated annual
rainfall. and the published mean annual temperature. But the tempera-
ture is sometimes the meanest part of the deception. They find it 20
degrees above one day. and 110 the next, and so alternating through
the year to get the mean average of 65 degrees. a pleasing figure; the

annual rainfall may come all in one day. or it may drizzle out through
the 365 days of the year: for railway facilities they find a flag station
where trains will stop on signal if the engineer happens to be awake:
and as to water, well, I have actually seen a settler in a southern county
of this wonderful State trying to farm 160 acres of land and hauling
water six miles on a sled for household use. He had three children,
and they all looked as if they had an idea that water is good to drink.
but had never heard it intimated that it is good for any other purpose.

It is not my object to belittle the actual resources of any portion of

this really glorious State, but rather to condemn the pernicious fashion
of many real estate dealers. who, by their false representations. have
deceived hundreds of worthy families and enticed them by carefully
worded “ads” to part with a real home to come to California and buy
perfectly barren land. The truth, written home by one of these
deceived persons. does incalculable and irremediable harm to all of
the State, and it is this that causes me to mention these exceptional
cases. There is an abundance of splendid land in each of the counties
named, and that there is some of the other kind. too, any one
acquainted with "he diversified nature of California climate and soil
must admit-
Titles in The history of the early missions in California has been
Litigation. exploited by various writers from various standpoints. As
this is only a recounting of facts pertaining to Santa Cruz County, and
as the mission at Santa Cruz will be fully treated by Mr. Francis, I will
leave that subject, after using it as an introduction to another—the
title to lands in this valley.

With the establishing of the missions and civilizing of the Indians,
there was opened an era of home building and prosperity to the there—
tofore nomadic natives. True, they were under mission rule, but that
the reins were lightly held, and the lash never applied, is demonstrated
by the ease with which the subsequent division of church and state
was made. In 1830. it is stated. “the Santa Cruz Mission alone had
48,200 head of cattle, 3.200 horses and mares. 72.500 sheep. 200 mules,
and large herds of swine.”

The grazing land required for these vast herds made it necessary to
include the Pajaro Valley, or most of it, in the land claimed by the
mission. Later on, in the struggle for supremacy between what Mr.
William F. White termed the “church and anti—church Mexicans,” the
latter were successful in so far as the division of the lands into large

80

These grants were satisfactorily
outlined as long as there was no necessity for fences and the grazing
land was mutually used; but, when some of the land was sold, traded
or given to American settlers. there came,disagreements as to lines.
and these extended unadjusted through years and years of litigation.
The titles were all cloudy. the records. if any, obscure, and the method
of civil procedure slow and uncertain.

This circumstance also worked in no small measure to retard the
progress of settling in this section, and for at least twenty years there
But

even during that time there was a gradual increase in the number of

grants was an accomplished fact.

was hesitaney about investing in lands of the Bolsa del Pajaro.

    

fl _.. ‘ _. " ‘ , " :
Presbyterian Church, Third Street, Watsonville.

-thrifty inhabitants: and from first to last. although there has never

been what is known as a boom here (and please Cod and the real
estate agents we do not want one“). neither has there ever been a lapse
in the steadily increasing prosperity of this end of Santa Cruz County
since 1870.

The population of the le’ajaro Valley in 185i, according to the best
authority. Mr. lid Martin. would not exceed fifty in number. On the
Amesti ranch about five hundred cattle were slaughtered annually.
Their hides and tallow were hauled to Santa Cruz. and there exchanged
for calico. notions. etc.. brought by the various vessels that plied on the
coast from Boston and other ports. '

“The first attempt at systematic farming was done. in this year by
J. 15. Hill on rented land of the Sal Si I’uedes rancho. The following
season he raised a splendid crop of barley. wheat and potatoes, all of
wheat about ten

which commanded enormous prices—barley and

cents and potatoes sixteen cents per pound. .\n impression pre 'ailed
at that period that potatoes could not be raised elsewhere than at
Santa Cruz.

that illusion.

Ilill's success in raising 300 sacks to the acre dispelled

In the beginning of 1853. large numbers of
settlers came into the valley and before long it was one
large potato field. liy the close of the year the more a man
had (of potatoes) the worse he was off."

 

EI Rodeo.

In this importing of settlers and "jumping" of land the Sal Si
Puedes rancho was the only one that escaped the claims of squatters.
It was fenced by Americans.

Years of litigation followed. generally resulting adversely to the
“Had the original
owners selected 160 acres for each head of a family. and turned the

owners under Mexican grants. Mr. Martin says:
balance over as government land. they would have been as well off
to—day, and saved years of litigation. vexation. expense and delay."
Improvement was retarded by these and kindred causes. and it was
not until 1854 that a postofiice was established. Two churches had
been built and schools started. but the generally unsettled condition of

 

 

81

affairs continued until 1859, when commissioners were appointed who,
with the power given by the District Court, began the partition of the
Rancho Bolsa del Pajaro. Still the titles to this and other ranchos in
the valley were not confirmed by the Supreme Court until some ten
years later.

In 1860 a turnpike road over the mountain to the San
COflVeJ’al'CCS- Jose \Valley was built by an incorporated company, and
the route to San Francisco was very materially shortened.

The drivers of this line of stages were. possibly, not quite so pic-
turesque-looking as those of the Sierra Nevadas. but they were equally
notable as reckless, devil—may—care fellows. who, to use a paradox,
drove through dangers but not into them.

In those days a trip to San Francisco. by either stage or steamer,
was an event to be remembered with many thrills.

N. C. Adams, who drove on this line. prided himself upon being
the most accommodating driver on the route. That he was occasion-
ally imposed upon there can be no doubt. \Vhile hurrying to make
up some lost tirne. one day. he was hailed by a lady. who, after calling
to him, disappeared into the house. Adams waited about five minutes,
and then went over to the liouse,.and. knocking on the door, called out,
“Madame, ain’t you pretty near ready?" A much flushed and bespat-
tered lady appeared at the door. saying: “Oh. Mr. Driver, I ain’t
going on the stage. but I want to send a roll of butter to San Jose,
and it’s n *arly come. \\'on’t you wait till I finish churning it?”
Adams swallowed a quid of tobacco to distract his own attention, and
waited.

Another later driver, Sid Conover. in trying to rival Adams’
chivalry, used to spend all of his salary in furnishing stamps for letters
handed to him by ladies who ”didn’t have a stamp in the house.”

An early driver, “Charley I’arkhurst.” in this county, who died near
SoQuel. in 1879, was discovered to be a woman who had successfully
concealed her sex during years of stage driving.

The earliest ventures in the line of agriculture were made in the
direction of grain producing.

Miller’s Landing. situated north of where Camp Goodall now
stands. was then the shipping point. and the products of the valley
were hauled there. and. in a very primitive way indeed, loaded upon
vessels and shipped to San Francisco. The loading was done by
native Indians. who. nearly naked, would carry the merchandise upon

Early

their shoulders through the surf to a lighter, which in turn conveyed it
to the steamers or schooners. Many laughable mishaps occurred in
the transportation of passengers by this means, as the Indians had a
fashion of taking out a spite by pretending to be thrown down in the
surf while toting an obnoxious traveler “pig—a—back."

The steamers run on this line were owned by a company that has
since merged into the Pacific Coast Steamship Co. They competed
for passenger traffic with a stage line running over the Coast Range
to San Jose.

Disappearance In a country as wild and lawless as was California.
0’ L8W1955m355- even after it came under American rule, the facilities
offered for hiding in the Pajaro montes and in the densely grown
underbrush of the surrounding hills were so numerous as to attract

 

A Gasoline Launch.

the attention of the proscribed element, and more than one organized
band of horsethieves made this vicinity their rendezvous.

A vigilance committee, a feature of every early settled section of the
State, was for a time a positive necessity here, and was not wanting in

active duty. Horse stealing was not the only pastime of the festive
renegades, and the monotony of rural life was occasionally varied by
a murder. In nearly every instance, justice, not always swift, but
seldom uncertain, overtook the criminal and gave him an opportunity
to appear at Judge Lynch’s bar. The Judge passed sentences of death
until killing became a part of his nature. and he himself became a
nuisance. \Vith the gradual increase of population these acts of quick
and ready “justice” became fewer, and finally gave place to the regular
criminal procedure: but before the advent of the latter much ill—feeling
had been engendered. and not a few lives paid a forfeit to intemperate
haste.

One morning three men were found hanging from the bridge that
still spans the Pajaro River. They were taken down and buried, and
no questions were asked.

Attempts at revenge upon the leading representatives of Judge
Lynch were common occurrences, and the pistol’s pop and flash of
the knife were to be expected at any time. The existence of a num-
ber of Mexican dance houses in the town of \Vatsonville and at
\V'hiskey Hill (since Freedom) tended to keep alive the spirit of law-
lessness, but the last of those in \Vatsonville. after being for fifteen
years unoccupied, was burned in 1880. The last one at Freedom still
stands, empty, with boarded doors and windows, dust~covered porch
and smokeless chimney, as it has stood for nearly thirty years, a monu-
ment to the death of many a vaquero.

In 1863 the San Francisco and San Jose Railroad had its terminus
at San Jose. In 1868 it was no nearer than Gilroy, and not until 1870
did it enter the Pajaro Valley.

From that time on the development was more rapid. but never in
proportion to the available resources of the valley.

A disagreement with the projectors of the road in the matter of a sub-
sidy, wanted by the company for crossing the Pajaro River, resulted in
the building of a station at Pajaro, one and one—half miles from Vvat—
sonville, which remained the end of the road for some time, whence
it was finally completed to Salinas without coming nearer to \Vatson—
ville.

In 1875, F. A. Hihn, of Santa Cruz, formed a stock company, and,
obtaining a subsidy from the county, constructed a narrow gauge rail—
road from Santa Cruz through Capitola, Aptos, San Andreas, and
W'atsonville, to connect with the broad gauge line at Pajaro.

It is authentically stated that the man who stood on the track when
the train was coming, and, when it stopped, asked for a match to light
his pipe and inquired the time of day, was a l’ajaro Valley farmer in the
first days of the Santa t‘ruz narrow gauge road.

In 1873 Mr. A. T. l‘ost furnished, for publication, the following
statistics of the amount ol produce shipped and on hand at the ware-
house at Pajaro Landing, from July, 1872, to March, 1873: Wheat,
24,955 centals; barley, 7,321; oats, 1,543; rye, 1,330; buckwheat, 290;
potatoes, 9,291; beans, 62. Less amount in warehouse, 3,000 centals.
These figures were exclusive of the amounts shipped at other landings,
the railroad depot, and by teams to Santa Cruz, of which no account
was taken.
Subdivision of
the Ranches. was sold in 185.3 to a company consisting of Baker,
Crockett, Casserly and \\'illiam l“. Whit-n. for $21,000. Portions of the
land were sold at advancing figures. and land that was worth $10 an
acre in 1860 was worth $50 and $60 an acre in 1873.

In the same year, 1873. one hundred acres of this land sold for
$9,000.

The early farmers on the north side of the Pajaro River, in the Sal
Si Puedes rancho, were 1’. J. Kelly. J’eter lfolgcr, C. O. Silliman.
James Tynan, J. G. Coward, K. 1’. Rednlan, Charles Smith, .\. C.
Peckham, and N. \Y. Chittcnden.

On the south side, in the Rancho Vega del Pajaro and Bolsa San
Cayetano, at that time. were \V. H. Rowe, John Thompson, James
Blankenship, James L. Spcegle, John Sheehy, Timothy Sheehy, Peter
VVynants, N. B. Allison, 1’. Mc.\llister, John T. Porter, Robert Bur—
land, Alfred Lansdale, N. L'ren, l“. D. .\therton, F. S. Spring, D.
McCusker, and Roberts & \Voods.

In six years the price of land in that section advanced over $100
per acre in price, and was held at those figures.

Rancho Balsa contained 5,496 acres, all under cultivation, in 1870.
del Pajaro This land sold in 1860 for $10 per acre, and ten years
later was held at $150 an acre. These were not fictitious values, for
the soil would produce crops that, in the high state of the market at
that time, would bring an almost immediate return over the purchase
money. The early farmers on this rancho (on a portion of which the
city of VVatsonville now stands) were Austin Smith, Robert Johnson,
Laurence Nugent. Landrum and Rodgers, G. M. Bockius, Daniel

The Sal Si l’uedes rancho, containing 31,000 acres,

1

33

'J‘uttle, R. Gallagher, l“. Therwachter. Otto Stoesser, G. H. Williams,
tieorge lr’ardee, Joseph McCallum. \V. P. Chalmers, A. S. Richardson
and Mrs. Frank Kidder. .

 

 

Watsonville High School.

The San Andreascontained 8,911 acres, and for many years not more
Rand") than one—half of it was believed to be susceptible of
cultivation, the balance being hilly land, covered with wood and c'hap-
arral. Subsequently this supposed worthless land was found to be
naturally adapted to fruit and vine growing, and the rolling hill land,
that was classed as “the poorest in the valley,” is now dotted with
thriving orchards and vines.

The boundary between this and the Corralitos Rancho was the sub—
ject of litigation for a number of years.

Experiments recently made in the soil once classed as “sand hills”
are demonstrating the fact that this land is peculiarly adapted to sugar
beet production. Grain and potatoes, however, are still the staple
products of the San Andreas, and many small holdings prove the

adaptability of the soil to all classes of produce. A large warehouse
has been built forthe storage of grain at Ellicot, as it has been named
by the railroad company.
Camp Goodall For many years the beach on Monterey Bay. five miles
85 8 Resort. from \Vatsonville, was only known as Pajaro Landing.
There was a wharf, warehouses, and a few straggling bathhouses, and.
after the construction of the railroad into the valley, steamers called
at the landing, upon occasion, to load grain or potatoes.

Even then the beach was used extensively as a picnic resort by resi-
dents of the valley.

A few years ago Dr. Charles Ford secured a lease of the landing.

    

Wm. McGrath’s Ranch—College Lake in Distance.

He built a hotel. dancing pavilion. numerous cottages and bath—
houses, secured fresh artesian water by boring. and prepared to make
a first—class summer resort of the place.

The first lessee was Harry Maynard, the well—known pugilist. who
established a sporting house in conjunction with the race track. This
venture was not a success. as the class of patronage received failed to
meet the demands of the butcher, baker and merchant, and the place
was abandoned.

Later it was leased by Mr. Jerome Downing. who for several years
conducted the resort in a creditable manner. but for some unknown
reason there has never been a proper appreciation by the summer

“birds of passage” of the natural advantages of the beach as a bathing
place. It may be that the exceeding excellence of the surf at Santa
Cruz and Capitola on the one side. and Monterey on the other, has
completely overshadowed Camp Goodall. but it is more probable
that the facts that it has never been widely advertised and that it is
out of sight from the regular lines of travel have acted to its detri-
ment.

L'nder the management of Mr. Joseph Knowles it is still patronized
by local health and diversion seekers, and each summer finds the cot—
tages occupied and a small town of tents established by campers, who
find that surf—bathing. hunting and fishing and the digging of clams
for a “bake.” the dancing. wheel racing and kindred enjoyments fur—
nish a summer’s pleasure that equals any that can be afforded by some
more fashionable resort.

The race track there is in good condition. and not infrequently do
The
five miles of perfectly level. straight and well—sprinkled roadway lead—
ing to the beach are an attraction to wheelmen and ladies. and every
moonlight night of the summer s ‘ason sees the road thronged with
merry cyclers.

The wharf has long since been washed away. the warehouses torn
down and every vestige of the old landing removed. \Vhen Camp
Goodall was a shim’ting point the landing was under the successive
clarry and Charles Miller. Brennan & C0.,
Goodall & Nelson. and Goodall. Perkins & Co. and was managed
at different times by (laptain R. Leland. S. Cushing. Captain Scott.
lid 17. Sanborn. Captain l_')ebney. Captain Post. and t}. L. Anderson.

the resident sports have a day of speed trials at Camp Goodall.

ownership of Captains

Captain :\1‘.derson is now agent for the company at Santa Cruz.
Experimental Experiments. made in 1875. with beets raised here,
Beet Raising. demonstrated the possibility of what has since become
an established fact. i. e.. that the Pajaro \Valley could raise
better beets to the acre than any spot known at that time or
covered.

Sugar beets were ‘aised and shipped by rail to Soquel. where a

more and
since dis-

small factory undertook the manufacture of crude sugar. to be shipped
by steamer to the San liranciseo refineries. The venture was. for
some reason. not a success, and after the second year was abandoned
until. in later y ‘ars. better facilities made beet sugar ‘aising
industry of the valley.

a leading

The Thrifty It is said that the first sawmill erected in California

Lumber Industry. was situated in the flat where the California l’owder
\Vorks now stand. three miles above Santa Cruz. llowever that may
be. it is certain that the first sawmill in this county was erected on that
spot by Tsaac (iraham some timt in the early forties.

The first sawmill to attack the immense grove of redwoods lying in
the hills adjacent to the l’ajaro Valley was bttilt by l’rewitt Sinclair.
.\ second mill was erected by May. \Villiamsou & Stanley. but was
never used—\Villiam \\'illiamson subsetniently purchasing an interest
in the \Vatsonville Mill and Lumber to. The second mill to be oper—
ated in the cutting of redwood was built by llrown & liager. J. ll.
Brown. of this firm. was also at a later time a member of the \Vatson—
ville Mill and Lumber (‘0.

l). .\. Rider. who had been running a sawmill near 'l‘ruckee. Cal,
found that bttsiness there was not what be deemed worthy of his time.
and. assisted by .\. l.. Chandler. t‘harles (‘handler and James licyes.
who formed the (lorralitos Lumber (‘0. in 187.). the mill was moved to
the redwoods near here. _\bout $20,000 was invested by the Chand—
lers and lieyes. The latter subsequently sold out. and. still later. in
1880, Rider purchased the entire interest of the company. and, taking
his son llomer into partnership. has conducted the mill ever since,
moving from gulch to gulch. as the accessible timber became thinned
out. The cut of this mill during the ownership of the Chandlers was
about 3.000.000 feet a year. This cut has been maintained. varying
over and under that figure. until the present time. Their product
always finds a ready market.

In 1875 Mr. (i. .\. Morehead became identified with the concern
as bookkeeper. and continued in that capacity until he purchased the
\\'atsonville Drug Store. in 188i. where he remained until this year,
when he sold his business to Mrs. N. (ireen.

1701' many years the general merchandising firm of 'l7ord & Sanborn
Their cut in one mill
The lumbering interest of this firm

conducted three. sawmills in the same vicinity.
often reached 80,000 feet per day.
was afterwards merged into the \\'atsonville Mill and Lumber Co.
(‘harles liord. L. Sanborn. .\l
Sanborn. William \Villiamson, J B. Brown, J. L. Halstead, and our
present Supervisor. James .\. Liuscott.

The members of this company were:

During the summer season
over one hundred six and eight horse teams were kept busy hauling
lumber from above (‘orralitos to \Vatsonville.

85

The year 1884 saw the withdrawal of a number of members of the
company, and the subsequent formation of a new company under the
name of Loma l’rieta Lumber Co. It included C. Ford, L. Sanborn,
.\l Sanborn, and James Linscott, of the old firm, and received James
Dougherty, 1’. S. Douty, John T. Porter, and A. C. Bassett as new
members.

.:\ narrow gauge railroad was constructed from Aptos to the Loma
l’rieta mountain; the machinery from the old mills was moved there.
and much new machinery added; the stations of Molino. Lorna Prieta
and Monte Vista were opened, and one of the largest lumber—cutting
enterprises in the State was established.

present time with undiminished success.

It has continued to the

    

‘ ~ .. ”a.
A W. Bowman's Orchard and Drier, near Corralitos.

The present firm of \Vhite 82 DeHart is another that found timber
cutting profitable. They began in 1888 by establishing a mill in the
mountains and a combination sawmill, box factory and feed mill in
the southwestern part of this city, at the corner of Second and Walker
streets. They are using about 600,000 feet of timber yearly from their
own cut. and have used in one year as high as 300,000 feet extra in the
manufacture of boxes and berry chests. They have a capacity of about
2,000 boxes per day. Heretofore they have used redwood almost
exclusively. but are now giving their attention to the use of pine lum-
ber, and at this writing are working on a shipment of that kind of
lumber which they received from Siskiyou County.

The Three
Feed Mills.

In conjunction with the sawmill and box factory, as
stated, White & DeHart are running a feed mill. They

have in their warerooms a storage capacity for 20,000 sacks of barley.
Their yearly run

Two bins will hold each an additional 1,000 sacks.

 

Scene on Ed Fitch’s Fruit

Ranch.
is on the rolling of some 12.000 to 15.000 sacks, although, if necessary.

they are prepared to roll three tons an hour. They use a triple return
boiler, thirty horse-power engine. and run their own electric light
plant. The feed mill has been in operation about two years, and is
the largest concern of the kind in the valley.

Messrs. G. A. Trafton & Sons also conduct a feed mill. Their
establishment is most conveniently located at the corner of Union
Street and Maple Avenue, in \Yatsonville. and the capacity of their
mill is about twenty—five tons per day.

Mr. Trafton, Sr., is an “old timer” in \Vatsonville. and has the
esteem of every one in the valley.

His son, W. A. Trafton, who is associated with him in the business,
and another son, Howard. who is engineer of the mills. are both
Pajaro Valley boys. and have the good will of all.

 

The firm does a large business in grinding of millstuffs, andhas no
reason to regret the experiment of starting the mill, made in 1888.

Another mill engaged in the same business is that of Mr. H. P.
Brassel. Pete, as he is familiarly known, started this mill years ago.
and at first made it only a side issue of his blacksmithing and wagon—
making business. often grinding late into the night after a hard day’s
work in the shop. His industry was well rewarded. and he now runs
the mill as a sort of pastime.

The grain handled at these mills is all raised in this valley.
Roadways of Before going further into the details of manufacture
the V8118.“ and production T wish to say a word in regard to the
roads of the valley. These. in any community. are the certain index
to the progressiveness of the inhabitants. and here they are remark—
ably good.

3ut few counties in this State. and, in fact. not many in any of the
States. can boast of better roadways than Santa Cruz. As a thirty—
years’ resident of this valley, “off and on.” as the saying goes. I am
familiar with all of its roads and am prepared to note the excellent
improvements made here in the past few years under the direction of
Supervisor James :\. Linscott. Not many years it was no
uncommon sight to see a two—horse wagon mired in some “chuck-
hole’ in a valley road. Since Mr. Linscott's incumbency of the office
of road overseer of this district, every county thoroughfare has become
literally a highway. Hills have been cut down. hollows filled.
grades and drains made. bridges rebuilt or strengthened. and every—
thing, in fact. that could be done has been gradually accomplished to
That they might be kept so.
a very thorough system of water stations has been placed~1n position.
and carts provided for the daily sprinkling of the roads during the
summer. Notwithstanding a large increase in the number of teams
hauling over these country roads since the inauguration of the beet
sugar industry, the heaviest rainfall will now hardly produce mud
sufficient to mire a bicycle.

Pajaro Valley The Exchange was incorporated July 18. 1894, and
Fruit Exchange. its subsequent success under the able direction of
Secretary \Y. A. Beck has been almost phenomenal. The number of
shares is 10,000, and value $5 per share. Not all of the stock has been
subscribed, but the shareholders number about 200. and are for the
most part residents of this valley. The

since

7

I] C\\'

place the roads in first—class condition.

interest shown in the

Exchange by resident fruit growers, and the rapid extension of its
markets, bid fair to make it a mammoth industry.

The first year the offices were situated on a part of White &
Dellart’s lot between First and Second streets. and what green fruit
was handled was cared for at that point. In that year the principal
work done was with dried fruits. The drier was located in the Santa
Clara Valley, near Gilroy, and the freight charges on green fruit
shipped there to be dried made a handsome profitMto the railroad
company.

That drier was finally moved to the McCarthy place near the foot-
hills in this valley, and last year about 150 tons of fruit were dried
there. This year about 600 tons will be dried at that place, where a
new warehouse, 40x60 feet, has been constructed.

The necessity for increased facilities for handling green fruits was
partly met this year by the construction of a packing warehouse, at
the \Yatsonville depot grounds, (ioxzzo feet in size; but even this large
building is found inadequate for the handling of the increased busi—
ness of the Exchange, and arrangements are now being made to
secure a location for packing houses that will enable them to handle
four times the amount of fruit disposed of this year. At the new
warehouse nearly 40.000 boxes of fruit will be handled this year, and
the entire expense will not exceed the price formerly paid for the
delivery of fruit at the Gilroy drier, and had it not been for early rains
the expense would be less.

About thirty men are employed by the Exchange throughout the
season in packing the finished product for shipment. White labor ex—
clusively is occupied in the work of the Exchange.

Two grades of apples are packed. and each is guaranteed to be as
represented.

The leading varieties of apples handled are bellelleurs, pearmains
and Newtown pippins.

.\ trade has been built up with China, Japan. Sandwich Islands and
Mexico. and the shipments to foreign points this year will aggregate
10.000 boxes.

The Exchange makes a specialty of “extra choice fruit,
packed,” and the excellent quality shipped cannot fail to greatly

well

increase the foreign demand after this year.
R. \V. Eaton, president; \Villiam
A. Beck. secretary: l’ajaro Valley Tank, treasurer.

The officers of the Exchange are:

l

7 8

The directors are: R. W. Eaton, William A. Beck, Charles Rowe,

Hez. Jones, M. E. Martinelli, James McGowan and \Villiam Hen-
derson.
"The first orchard of any size planted in this county
was, I think, that which the late James \Nilliams, of
Santa Cruz, planted in the years 1856-57, in the bottom where the
city of Santa Cruz now stands.

“This orchard, consisting mostly of apples, was situated on the west
side of what is now Pacific Avenue. I do not recollect the exact area,
but it began at or near what is now Locust Street, and extended along
Pacific Avenue, south, and may have covered twelve or fifteen acres
of ground.

“Some few of thesetrees are still growing in the yards of the houses
situated in that part of the city known as the ‘old Williams’ tract.’
Many old residents of Santa Cruz must remember that orchard. Mr.
\\'illiams received most of the trees from Oregon, as none were
grown in California at that time.

Early Pajaro
Apple Orchards.

    

Santa Cruz dounly Fruits.
“.\ few years after the planting of the \Villiams orchard, Judge
\Villiam Blackburn planted another farther down the avenue, on what
was known as the Blackburn tract.

30th of these tracts are now closely built with tine residences lined
upon broad and well—paved streets.”
At about the same titne _ludge R. l“. l‘eckhatn planted a few trees for
private use in the l’ajaro \‘alley. some few of which are still standing
at the old (ially place. n *ar the Sal Si l‘uedes Creek.

The first cotnmercial or "market orchard" of any considerable size
planted in the l‘ajaro \‘alley was set ottt in 1801 by James \\'aters. on
a bottom extending from the Sal Si l’uedes Creek to the lake lying east

  

of the Pajaro Valley Orphan Asylum. This orchard contained 2.ooo
trees. which. with the exception of a hundred or more of pear trees.
were entirely apples.

The ground was very low. being but little above the water in the
lake and creek.

Old residents remember the winter of tSt’n—(u as the severest ever
known since the settlement of the country by Americans. lt was a
winter of floods. and this orchard. which had given such fine promise.

was overwhelmed by the ireshet. and not a tree was left to show that
any had ever been planted there. The fate of this orchard would have
been averted had Mr. \\'aters used more judgment in the selection of
his ground. but his usual foresight was blinded by the fact that up to
that winter there had been rarely a time during the period that he- had
lived near the creek when he could not have jumped across the stream
running in the Sal Si l’uedes. .\t that time there was hardly any
channel to the stream. and when the treshet came the water extended

 

THE PAJARO VALLEY. "

out over all the low land of that vicinity and did damage accordingly.
It was then learned that the Sal Si l’nedes was not only treacherous
as to quicksand. but deceitful in the appearance of its power. The
entire loss of the first large orchard planted in the valley was the most
telling result of its vagaries.

"Tn 130} .\lr. lsaac \\'illiams planted the orchard now owned by
Mr. K. This orchard was situated on the l’ajaro River
about one mile from the town of \\'atson\'ille. and was also mostly of

l’. l\‘edtnan.

 

Mr.
L500 The
orchard was increased in size to fifty acres or more by Mr. lx’edman.
".\ year or two after the \‘Yilliams orehard was started. (in 1364 or
'65:) the late .I. .\. lilaekburn planted the ‘lilaekburn orchard] near the
town of \Vatsonville.

apples. there being only a few trets of other varieties of fruit.

\Villiams. in his time. must have planted about trees.

lt eonsists of ten or twelve aeres of apple trees.
";\t the same time. on an adjoining place owned by Hon. Thomas
Beck. an apple orehard of six or eight aeres was planted.

“The varieties in the greatest favo‘ are Newtown l’ippin and yellow
bellelleur. liach grows to the greatest perfection in this valley,
In fact it is
extremely doubtful if finer. larger or more beautiful bellefieurs than

although the belletlenr 'ariety seems to take the lead.
ours ‘an be grown anywhere. in the world.”

The trees seem not to be partieula‘ as to locality, so long as it is
somewhere in the l’ajaro. They grow finely and produce wonderful
fruit in all parts of the valley.

 

THE PAJARO VALLEY.

A.

These three last—named pioneer orehards are still in
condition, the
apples.”

This was the beginning of the growing of apples in the l‘ajaro
Valley.
now they are counted by the many thousandS of acres.

a good. healthy

trees b'aring each year abundant crops of fine

Each year since then has seen apple orchards multiply until
(7)1‘ehards of
front fifty to eighty acres planted entirely to two or three varieties of
apples are now by no means uneommon.

.r\lthough the two varieties named are in the lead many others are
also planted and all thrive. Their planting is altogether regulated by
the prospective or growing demand.

It will hardly be necessary for me to partieularize further, nor to
They are

Suffice to say that those pioneers who led the way and gave

give the names of the owners of orchards in this valley.
legion.
the impetus to fruit growing here. particularly to apples. are deserving
of the greatest praise. and. while they have been rewarded financially,

 

they will, when called hence, leave behind them a legacy of untold
wealth to future Pajaroites, and an industry that will be a lasting
monument to the memory of their enterprise and foresight.

Shippers and As the Pajaro Valley Fruit Exchange is, like a single
Shipments American coin, but “one of many” of the institutions
engaged in the packing and shipping of apples, its experience will
serve to illustrate the wonderful increase in that line of business.

The following firms are also engaged in handling the apple crop of
this productive section: M. Rabasa, M. N. Lettunich 8: Co., Scur-
rich Bros., N. Banaz, F. P. Marinovich, J. L. Ivancovich 8: Co., M.
Rilovich & Bro, Puhiera 8; Strasicich. Gravosa Fruit C0., J. P.
Miovich, M. Gerkovich, A. W'. Condit & Co., Prettyman & Wolf, and
M. L. Woody.

I take the following extracts from the Pajaroman, published March
7, 1895:

“For over ten years this point has been a source of supply for small
fruits for the San Francisco market, and has always shipped apples
in some quantity; but the growth of the latter interest has been most
marked in the past six or seven years.

“Fruit shippers have been in the habit of buying orchards during
the spring—‘in the blossom,’ as it is called. The immunity from crop
failure has protected them to some extent in this daring form of pur—
chase. Such a system of purchasing fruit—figuring on a blossom out—
look—is unknown elsewhere, and would break the solidest New York
apple buyer if he tried it in the apple districts of his State. Year after
year our orchards blossom and the trees bear heavily, and our
orchardists do not figure on a crop failure in their apple orchards.

“Comparatively but a small amount of the crop is handled by grow—
ers. Nearly all of it is bought in the blossom stage.

“In the picking and packing the inspection made of fruit intended
for Eastern shipment is as critical as that performed for entries to
horticultural exhibits, and with excellence in quality, perfection in
form and coloring, and freedom from pests, the Pajaro Valley apple
has secured a foothold in the Eastern markets that enables it to stand
upon its merits, and they are such as to cause a yearly increasing
demand for it.

“In the East apples are packed in barrels containing from three to
four boxes, and the fruit is more or less bruised in making up the
package.

90

“In this section the pine or fir box, containing about fifty pounds
of apples, is used exclusively for Eastern apple shipments. It makes
a neat case, and the quantity of fruit is of more desirable size than the
barrel for the retail purchaser.

”Most of the Eastern shipments are of the first grade, and pack
four tiers t0 the box in the larger varieties. Experienced buyers for
the Eastern market state that in no section of the United States is the
apple as well packed as by the shippers of the Pajaro Valley. Well
packed and true to name and quality fruit is bound to find a market,
and this fact is thoroughly understood in our packing houses.”

The Southern Pacific Railroad agents, E. E. Harvey, of \Natson—
ville, and Mr. Rogers, of Pajaro. kindly furnished the Pajarmzicm
the following list of apple shipments to Eastern points from Pajaro
\Valley during the season of 1894—95:

\YATSONVILLE DEPOT.

 

‘ Destination. Boxes. Cars.
Denver, Colo ............. 25,727 47
Chicago, Ill ............... 14,826 31
New York ................ 6,352 10
London, England .......... 4,385 6
Leadville, Colo ............ 3,301 6
Omaha, Neb .............. 2,250 4
Dallas, Tex ............... 2,464 4
Memphis, Tenn ........... 2,133 4
Colorado Springs, Colo. . . . 1,596 3
Galveston, Tex ............ 1,620 3
Aspen, Colo ............... 1,592 3
Kansas City, Mo ........... 1.720 3
Butte, Mont .............. 1,040 2
Trinidad, Colo ............ 1,029 A2
St. Louis. Mo ............ 1,246 2
Helena, Mont ............. 42 1
New Orleans, La .......... 500 1
\Vaco, Tex ................ 500 1
Albuquerque, N. M.. . . . . . . 550 1
\Vichita, Kan ............. 600 1
Houston, Tex ............. 533 1
Ft. \Yorth, Tex ........... 613 1
Tampa, Tex ............... 500 I
St. Joseph, Mo ............ 500 I
Sioux City. Ta ............. 550 I

Total .................. 76.552 140

 

PAJARO DEPOT.

Destination. Boxes. Cars.
Denver, Colo ............. 12,869 24
Butte, Mont .............. 9,840 19
Dallas, Tex ............... 5,073 9
Houston, Tex ............. 3,303 6
San Antonio, Tex ......... 2,510 5
New Orleans, La ......... 2,700 5
Chicago, Ill ............... 2,463 5
Leadville, Colo ............. 2,191 4
Trinidad, Colo ............ 2,130 4
Aspen, Colo .............. 1,550 3
Pueblo, Colo .............. 1.725 3
Austin, Tex ............... 1.470 3
Minneapolis. Minn ......... 1,030 2
Livingston, Mont .......... 480 1
Bozeman, Mont ........... 450 1
Garrison. Mont ............ 540 1
Ogden, Utah .............. 670 1
Omaha, Nel) .............. 532 1
Ft. \Vorth. Tex ............ 510 1

Total .................. 52044 98

Total to Eastern points: 238 cars, 128,596 boxes, 6,429,800 pounds
of apples alone.

In the week following the publication of the above figures, seven
additional carloads were shipped to the East. which. with the thirty
or thirty—five carloads awaiting shipment in the packing houses at that
time, make the neat grand total of about 275 carloads of apples as the
export product of the valley in the season of 1894—95.

Concluding, in an article on this subject. the Paja/rmzian of March
7, 1895, says:

“The area of apple orchards has been steadin increased until the
acreage now planted will be able—when in full bearing—«t0 supply not
less than 2,000,000 boxes annually, or about 4,000 carloads.”

It will be borne in mind that the above figures do not include any
account of apples shipped to other points on this Coast, nor to any
country touched by the Pacific Ocean (where, as stated before, a large
and increasing trade has been built up); nor do they include the tons
of apples dried in the valley for shipment to State points.

A few figures gathered from actual observation will not be amiss here

91

to show what can be done with an apple orchard. It is safe to say that
the results taken from one tree and compared with that of other single
trees in half a dozen localities in the valley may be used as a basis upon
which to calculate.

A single bellefleur tree in the outskirts of the city produced this year
sixteen boxes (800 pounds) of number one apples, and three boxes of
culls. The culls were sorted out for various defects, such as lack of
stem, bruise in picking, small size, etc., but were all marketable locally.
So, with the fruit eaten, given away and used in family cooking, this
tree furnished over twenty boxes of salable apples. The price received
for the sixteen boxes was $7.20, or 45 cents perbox offifty pounds. The
price was not unusually high nor low, but about what can be counted
on year after year.

Trees are planted from twenty—four to thirty feet apart, the best
results being obtained from those at thirty feet. as every square yard
between the trees will produce something. Four hundred and twenty
trees in a ten—acre field, bringing in $7.20 each, would be a small
fortune to the owner, but. allowing that all trees do not produce so
well as the one .to which I refer, and its companions in comparison,
allowing that the price is not as high as stated,—well, in fact, allowing
that I have lied. and knocking off one—third of this figure,—there will
remain $2,016 as the gross return on a ten—acre field of bellefleur apple
trees planted thirty feet apart, and the 48,000 square yards of rich soil
between the trees will yield another $2,000 in small products. if only
one—half the attention is paid to cultivation that is given to their land
by the farmers of the older countries.

And, to produce these results, it is not necessary that a man shall
spend a lifetime in clearing land. In this valley the soil is naturally
clear and phenomenally productive. There is no chopping of timber,
blasting or pulling of stumps, picking up of stones, nor digging of irri—
gating ditches. True enough the lands here are held at what would
seem a very high figure to a newcomer, but any acre in the valley will,
alone, produce a comfortable living for two persons.

The above figures are partly taken from facts and partly estimated.
\Vhat I don’t know, from personal experience, about a ten—acre fruit
farm would make a much larger book than this, but I do know about
these individual trees, and, later, will give figures of actual production
kept by a reliable man who has owned more than one ten—acre tract
in this valley.

Through the kindness of Mr. James \Yaters. the father of the fruit
industry, I am able to give a few facts of the earliest history of the apple
business here.

"The earlier pioneers. who came to California in search of gold. gave
but little thought to the grand futttre in horticulture that awaited those
who were to become permanent citizens. .\t that time every one went
to the mines, expecting in a short time to ‘make a pile" and leave a
country which in the summer presented only a forbidding and arid

The Mansion House, Watsonville.

waste, where nothing could be grown—a country only adapted to the
grazing of wild mustang horses and still wilder Mexican cattle.

“Those who came from the \Vest said the country was ‘no good' for
corn, and, consequently, was not good for anything else.

“Few of these pioneers passing through our valleys in the fall, and
seeing the dry, hard, adobe soil rent in fissures, could have been made
to believe that these valleys and plains. in the very near future. would
be the garden spots of the world, producing all kinds of fruits that
would surpass in size. flavor and beauty, not only those found in the

 

92

other favored localities of the [‘nited States. but. truly. those produced
in any other part of the world.

”50 popular have the fruits of California become that at this time
they are carried to all foreign places that are within our reach. and find
ready sale in competition with that produced anywhere else.

The peculiar location of Santa Cruz County. its western boundary
being the l’acific (lcean. gives us a mild. humid climate. well adapted
The soil of the l’ajaro Valley. than which there is

to growing apples.
none better. seems particularly designed for this industry. and the
apple orchards being planted each year will.in a very short time.eclipse
in production those of any other locality in the State.

"\Vhile so much attention is given to the cultivation of the king
of fruits—the apple other varieties are not neglected.

"The uplands and protected nooks in our foothills are found to pro—
duce apricots. the equal of which. in beautiful color and rich. delightful
flavor. will. l think. be hard to find. even in \I‘ntura. the home of the

 

apricot.

“The same can be said of our prunes. and the production of each of
these fruits will. in a short time hence. be enormous.

"llut little attention has been given to the growing of plums. which
are as much at home in our best soil as the apple. The reason for this
is that proper varieties have not been planted—suitable for long dis—
tance shipment. .\ solid. firm variety. recently introduced from Japan.
has been found to meet this requirement. and when this kind of plum
is extensively planted it will open up a new branch of the fruit indus—
try. which will be second only to our apples. ()ur season for the ripen—
ing of fruit being several weeks behind other localities situated in the
interior at a distance from the coast. will provide for this fruit 21 free
Eastern market. as that produced there will be consumed when ours is
ready for market.

"My reason for this digression from the subject of apples is that I
consider this intersubject worthy of the attention of our orchardists.
and especially of those newly engaging in the business.

Strawberry Culture The cultivation of stra\\‘l)erries. which has becOme
in P8139“) V8119)“ such a large and extensive business here, had a
very small beginning. 1 am informed that the first planting was done
by the nurserymen. Messrs. _l. A. Blackburn and James \Vaters. who,
in about the year 1876. planted one—half an acre to berries. which they

attended for a couple of years. but the scarcity of water for irrigation

 

and an insufficient market for the fruit cattsed them to give up the
project and abandon the business as a premature effort.

_ ;\t abottt that time the Corralitos \\'ater Company brought its pipes
into \Vatsonville. and so arranged them that the sttrplus water could
be ttsed for irrigation.

Mr. \Vaters, who had received a few hundred sprottts from the East.
set them out in his nttrsery for the purpose of growing plants. .\mong
these was the “Linderella.'y which proved sttch a valuable variety for

Mr. \‘fatcrs that these first
plants cost him at the rate of $3 per dozen. He
had sttcceeded to the business of Blackburn & \Vaters and tnoved his

many years tlierafter. informed

imported "Cinderella"

1]] L‘

nursery to the Sudden tract. in the outskirts on the north side of the
city. Here he prepared ground and planted about two acres in straw—
berries, secttring water for irrigation from the (lorralitos \\‘ater Com—
pany.

These were the first strawberries planted in the valley for commer~
cial purposes.

The following year this patch yielded such a large quantity of berries
that Mr. \\‘aters was at a loss to know what to do with them. 'l‘he
local market cottld not relieve him. although the yield was far frotn
.\t that time it was
not thought possible that such tender fruit as strawberries cottld be

large in the light of comparison with later crops.

But the berries were
decaying on the vines. and his only chance seemed in shipping.

shipped to a market as distant as San Francisco.
By way of experiment ht sent a few chests by express. rl‘hese were.
as far as f can 1 ‘arn. the first berries shipped to market front this valley.
Later he tried freight shipments. and the result was very satisfac—
tory.

From this small beginning the business of growing strawberries in
the Pajaro Valley has increased until now there are planted to this
delicious frttit some five or six httndred acres. which yield sufficient
tonnage during the height of the season to load frotn three to four cars
per day.

Encouraged by Mr. \Vatersy achievement. many others embarked in
the same venture, and nearly all with success. fields or
"berry patches,” as they are called. have been plowed under after an
attempt that proved unsuccessful in the experimental stage. from
various causes. bttt the rttle has been that the berry farm is a certain
means of acquiring a competence.

Some few

The persons now engaged in berry raising in this valley are: Mes—
dames \Yilliam Chalmers, M. Phelan and I. A. Blackburn, and Messrs.
Albright, Pinto, Brewington, Eaton, Hopkins, Kuhlitz. Tuttle, Ready,
\Vaters, (irimmer, and Bronson. and the firms of Beck & Blackburn,
Waters & Porter, Hudson & Trobuck, Bonde & Petersen, and Dris—
coll Bros, the Lake Farm, and a Celestial at Sandy’s Corners.

Besides the introduction of the “Cinderella” berry into the valley,
shippers mttst thank Mr. James \Vaters for the inauguration of the
improved crate, which was first adopted by him on account of its being

 

The Hop Kiln,

so much lighter and better ventilated than the chests previously used
in the Santa Clara Valley.

In conversation, Mr. \Vaters said: “Our soil being in every way the
best, and ottr cool climate the most favorable for the production of this
most luscious fruit, it is not at all surprising that this locality shOuld
produce not alone such immense quantities of berries, but also a finer
quality than any other in the State. The ‘Pajaro strawberries’ are now
famous not only for their large size and beauty, but also for their
delicious flavor.

”The production of small fruits in this valley has become one of
the leading industries, supplying, not only the markets of San Fran—

cisco. but all of the surrounding towns for a distance of one hundred
miles; it gives employment to an immense amount of labor, in various
ways, and the returns from the sales of fruit add very materially to
the prosperity of our valley.”

It is an interesting sight each afternoon to view the towering loads
of crates of berries hauled by a long string of wagons passing through
our streets on their way to the depots.

This is a continuous thing for at least seven or eight months of the
year. V

So great has been the increased demand for this perishable product
of our valley that during the busiest part of the season a special berry
train is run every night from Pajaro to San Francisco.

A rather curious fact in connection with this subject is that at certain
times during the season, although carloads are going out of the valley
daily, it is found difficult to obtain berries in the local markets, and the
price here is regulated by that received in San Francisco.

Answering an inquiry as to the length of the strawberry season, a

prominent fruit grower said: “I have shipped them as early as the
middle of March, and, in the same season, made my last shipment on
the first day of the following January.”
The Blackberry, Raspberry In addition to the business done with
and Loganbefly- strawberries, and as a sort of side issue to
the latter, no small figure is cut by the shipment of blackberries, rasp-
berries and Loganberries.

In no one case in the valley is the acreage devoted to these latter
berries as large as that of the smaller strawberry fields, but in nearly
every case they are cultivated in small patches.

In the length of time that they are marketable the raspberries follow
strawberries, and some bushes bear a few berries nearly the year
around and an enormous crop during their season.

The blackberry season is comparatively short, but the fruit produced
is second to none in size and flavor, and all varieties bear well in any
part of the valley. They are extremely productive with good cultiva-
tion, and may be successfully grown in this climate without irrigation.

The Loganberry, being a variety unfamiliar to people in any other
place, I will devote more space to its account than to others.

From a circular giving its history I extract these notes:

“The Loganberry originated with Judge J. H. Logan, of Santa Cruz,
Cal., from whom it derives its name. Several years ago, growing in

94

his garden, were plants of the Aughinbaugh blackberry and Red Ant-
werp raspberry. The plants, being near each other, had intermixed or
grown together. The Judge, having noticed that they bloomed and
ripened their fruit together, conceived the idea of planting the seeds,
from which planting resulted the production of the Loganberry.

“He is entitled to all credit for the origination of this noble fruit,
which will be a perpetual monument, placing his name beside those of
Longworth, Hovey, Wilson and other originators of new varieties of
fruit. He has even done more than they. He has produced a fruit or
berry entirely unlike any in previous existence, a hybrid or mixture of
two fruits, partaking of the characteristics of both of its parents. The
Aughinbaugh blackberry, from the seed of which the Logan is sup-
posed to have originated. has pistillate or imperfect flowers, which
must have been fertilized by the polen of the raspberry, producing this
most singular and valuable fruit.

“The vines or canes of the Loganberry grow entirely unlike either the
blackberry or raspberry. ' hey trail or grow upon the ground more
like the dewberry. They are exceedingly strong growers, each shoot
or branch reaching a growth of eight to ten feet in one season without
irrigation, the aggregate growth of all the shoots on one plant
amounting to from forty to fifty feet.

“The canes or vines are very large—without the thorns of the black-
berry bushes—but have very fine soft spines, much like those of rasp-
berry bushes. The leaves are of a deep green color, coarse and thick,
and also like those of the raspberry.

“The fruit is as large as the largest size blackberry, is of the same
shape, with globules similar to that fruit, and the color, when fully ripe,
is a ‘dark bright red.’ It has the combined flavor of both berries, pleas-
ant, mild, vinous, delightful to the taste and peculiar teethis fruit alone.

“It is excellent for the table, eaten raw or cooked, and for jelly or
jam is without an equal. The seeds are very small, soft and not abund-
ant, being greatly different from both its parents in this respect. The
vines are enormous bearers. and the fruit is very firm and carries well.

“The fruit begins to ripen very early—the bulk being ripe and gone

before either blackberries or raspberries become plentiful. In filling
in a place just ahead of these fruits the market value of the Loganberry

is greatly enhanced.
“In ordinary seasons the fruit begins to ripen from the middle to
the last of May.”

 

\Vhen extensively planted and generally known, this berry is
destined to take front rank owing to its earliness, large size, beautiful
appearance, superior quality, and delightful flavor, together with its
firmness and good carrying or shipping quality.

Mr. James Waters, of this valley, has sole right with this vine.
Miscellaneous Although the production of apples has received so
Fruit Caltm‘e- much of the attention of the Pajaro fruit grower, other
fruits have held a place, and almost every variety common to the tem—
perate zone has had a share of notice.

Peaches, if grown on their own roots and in the lower valley lands,
are found to be of a much inferior quality to those raised on plum roots
in bottom land, or on their own roots in the sheltered nooks of the
foothills. In fact the finest flavored peaches I have ever eaten were
raised by H. M. Rider on the southern slope of the hills in the old red-
wood ground above Corralitos. Massive peaches are raised in the old
swamp lands of the San Joaquin Valley, but they do not begin to
compare in flavor with those produced in our foothills. In time to
come more attention will undoubtedly be paid to the cultivation of this
splendid fruit. ‘

Plums and prunes are also coming into notice. Many varieties of
the first are grown here, and nearly all attain to good size and flavor.
The heavier soil of the valley is best adapted to the plum, and the
trees are wonderfully productive, being usually healthy and free from
insects. A ready market is found for our product, both green and
dried, and the profits are encouraging to the further planting of trees.

The climate here is well suited to the growing of prunes, and for a
number of years increasing attention has been paid to their cultiva—
tion. Every year, heretofore, thousands of tons of prunes have been
imported into the United States, but there is no good reason why this
competition should not be overcome by home production. With a
system of reasonable freight rates the sun drying of our prunes could
be accomplished at very great profit, just as that of apricots is in Ven—
tura County. When dried, the Pajaro prunes are particularly sweet
and of excellent flavor, fit to compare with the best of any country.
When once started to bearing the trees require comparatively little
attention. Prunes are picked in August.

Cherries receive more attention here than other small fruits and pay
better in consideration of the small amount of care required. The trees
thrive and produce best in localities where the water is from twelve

 

to fifteen feet from the surface of the ground. They bear abundantly
and regular, crops of firm fruit ripening in May and June. This fruit
finds a market in \Vestern cities, and is generally sold on the tree to
outside buyers. ‘

The pear stands close to the apple in its adaptability to our soil and
climate. .t is planted in many varieties here—~50 many, in truth, that
pears, in good condition for eating, may be had at any time between
july and the following spring. At the head of the list is the Bartlett
pear, large, golden yellow, melting, and of a rich, musky flavor. The
tree bears when young, and is so productive that the fruit must be
thinned to prevent the tree from breaking. (This precaution is neces—
sary with many other fruits in this valley.) There is a growing demand
for our pears in the West.

Apricots, like peaches, have not received their due share of attention
here. They thrive wherever the peach can be grown, and the fruit pro—
duced is of the highest excellence in size and flavor. Dried or canned,
they can be disposed of at profit in any year.

Nectarines, too, are a neglected fruit, there being but few trees in
the valley, although they will, when location is considered, attain to the
same perfection as peaches and apricots.

Quinces, the few that are grown here, are almost perfect in size,
color and aromatic flavor. They make a rich preserve. But little
attention has been given to the opening of a market for this easily cul-
tivated and productive fruit.

Olives have been rather extensively planted in the surrounding foot—
hills, the similarity of our climate to that of Italy and Spain making
their cultivation an easy matter to experienced growers. Much of the
rolling foothill land that was considered almost valueless has proved to
be peculiarly adapted to the growing of the Mission or California
olive, the oil from which is equal to that imported, and is preferred by
some connoisseurs.

Rhubarb, or pie plant, has been planted here to the extent of some
twenty-five acres, but at this writing not more than one-half that num-
ber are being cultivated, owing to the necessarily great expense and
the uncertainty of a market. These plants must be transplanted into
a rich warm and loose soil and extreme care and attention paid to fer-
tilization. Once planted they will attain in size to nearly a foot in.
diameter where the stalks start from the plant, and when the leaves are
spread in full growth they cover nearly two yards of ground surface,

95

and reach a height of thirty inches. The pie plant will vield about two
hundred boxes (forty pounds each) to the acre. and. although the price
varies according to demand and season. a uniform rate of one cent per
pound will give a satisfactory profit. The principal growers here are
(3. M. Bockins and P. B. Demartini.

Currants and gooseberries are among the possible future additions
to our staple products. as they can be as successfuly grown here as in
the Santa Clara Valley, although but little attention has been given to
careful experimenting with them.

Grapes, large, luscious. seedless. sweet. satisfying grapes—well, “you
just ought to see them!” I don‘t know the names of the two varieties
that were peddled here in September, but it is enough that they were
grown in the foothills “out Corralitos way." and that they were much
finer than any I ever saw in the San Joaquin or L0s Angeles country.
Having promised not to draw the long bow. I am willing to admit that
those countries may produce better grapes. but. if so. I failed to see
them in several years' residence in either place. Am sorry that I do
not know the name of the vineyardist. He deserves credit for those
grapes. But he is not the only grower in this section. In the course of
a ride through the Green-Valley and Corralitos districts one sees acre
upon acre of thrifty vines bearing either wine. table or raisin grapes.
although the latter are least in evidence owing to the fact that the dry-
ing season is so short and the arrival of early rains almost a certainty.
I am told that for the past five years it has rained here between the
15th and 30th of September, A shower of rain is fatal to raisin grapes
while ripening. as they invariably crack open and are only fit to be
picked for crushing.

“'e are not in the citrus belt. and I haven't sufiicient nerve to claim
that we can even approach Oroville. nor be mentioned in the same
breath with Riverside. on the subject of oranges. but justice compels
me to affirm that Green Valley does raise good oranges. and that
lemons can be produced here. But, even so. we are not climatically
situated to stock the market with citrus fruits.

Tree nuts are almost an unknown quantity. although there are a few
almond trees in bearing.

One Acre and \Yhile giving an estimate of what could be done with
8 F8111”)? ten acres of land here I stated that any one acre in the
valley would furnish a living for two persons. then I have
secured. in figures. the actual results obtained from one acre. and am

Since

96

not only thoroughly impressed with the thought of how unworthy and
unappreciative the settlers of this favored valley are of their wonderful
heritage. but am also somewhat surprised at my own ability to come
within five tons of anything on a guess.

The man who owns this square acre referred to has a membership
of six in family. keeps two horses and a cow, and has a house, barn
and woodslied built on the place. On the remaining land he has ten
cherry. twenty-six apple and fourteen pear trees. In the tree rows are
planted currants, blackberries, Loganberries and raspberries. Half
way between are single rows of rhubarb. letween these and the tree

 

    

 

iThe Ford Block, WatsonviIle.
rows early vegetables are planted. and when they are gathered late cab—
bages are set out. This is the result: lironi cherries.’$93.50; apples.
$144.80: pears. S70: berries. 831 : rhubarb. 818.50: vegetables. $104.60.
Total. $462.40.

And. in the quaint words of the producer. “this is done in a foreign
language." The mother and the four boys attend to the home acre.
while the paterfamilias is engaged in larger undertakings. Let it be
understood that they enjoy all they want of these delicacies as a partial
reward for their labor. which they seem to consider as a pastime. for
the boys have plenty of time for play. and they are always on time at
school.

Only one square acre altogether. mind you! And there are thou—
sands of acres contiguous that are susceptible of like results if given
the same attention.

\Vith the Nicaragua Canal completed, quick transit and cold storage,
Florida would find a very healthy rival for the liastern and European
markets for small fruits and early and late vegetables in the prolific
Pajaro Valley.

It is a fact that I have heard of but two places that offer advantages
superior to the l’ajaro Valley for the farmer of from one to ten acres:
One of these was the (iarden of liden. where labor was unnecessary,

fl

’ .H_gt3a\ég.

    

, v“ , . ,.
Pajaro Valley Orphan Asylum.

and the other is Heaven. where the society is somewhat more elevated

than ours.

Asparagus As will be seen the profits from farming in this valley are

at 8 Profit.

received from many small sources. “me of these is the

growing of asparagus. Like the pie plant this vegetable is not al vays
a certain means of profit. If planted from the seed a commercial
return cannot be expected for at last four years. Ti‘t'tnsplanted, of
course. the returns are earlier. but it is not until the plant is in the fifth
or sixth year of its growth that it will stand the cutting necessary to
make it profitable.
time until July the sprouts are cut about every other day. They require

Asparagus is marketable in March. and from that

gr *at care. especially in their early life. but will bear sprouts for about

97

fifteen years. when they become so small that the extra time consumed
in handling them eats up the profit. Three hundred boves (fifty
pounds each) to the acre are about an average season’s yield. The
Pajaro \Valley plants, with proper care, can be made marketable a little
earlier than those of Alameda county, and, naturally, the first in market
command the best price. This tender vegetable is never a drug on the
local market, bunches of about three inches in diameter ranging in
price through the season from ten to five cents a bunch, and being
readily sold at those figures. Owing to the trouble of getting plants
established in bearing, but few acres are devoted to asparagus in this
valley, but the quality of that produced is unexcelled.

Grain and Potato The Pajaro Valley has always been an important
Shipments shipping point for the two named products. Before
the present attention was given to the raising of sugar beets the valley
was famed for the size and quality of the potatoes grown, they being
quoted at a higher price in the San Francisco market than those
received from any other part of the State. As far back as 1860, in the
very infancy of the valleys settlement, more potatoes were raised here
in one year than could be marketed in the State, and the consequence
was that thousands of sacks were dumped in the bay, as the sacks saved
were worth more at that time than could be realized by holding the.
potatoes. Later, in the ’70’s, new varieties were introduced, and their
cultivation proved so profitable in the rich sandy soil near the river that
the foundation for more than one moderate fortune was laid in the
realization resulting from one lucky potato year.

\\'. A. Sanborn made quite a reputation by the splendid quality of
the potatoes raised on his farm near the river. This particular piece of
land has been so prolific that it is worthy of special mention. In root
crops it has the record for the largest single productions and the great-
est tonnage yield per acre in the valley. A potato weighing five and
one—(piarter pounds, and a carrot measuring five and one—half feet from
“tip to tip," and three and one—half feet in the root alone. are some of
the monsters in that line. in the first season of the factory run here
he received the prize offered for the highest saccharine percentage in
sugar beets. in raising surface crops he is not far behind the leaders,
as this same land yielded an acreage of forty hundred pounds of barley
to the acre, and at another time fifty hundred of wheat, while corn in
individual ears and single pumpkins which in size would tax the
credulity of any one who had not seen them. have frequentlybeentaken
from the land.

There is now on exhibition at F. Mayer's a squash weighing 235
pounds which was raised on this farm. This is of course an exception,
but it demonstrates the fertility of the valley.

Mr. Henry Jackson, a well-known forwarding and commission agent
of this valley, shipped an average of five hundred carloads a year of
grain and potatoes from his Pajaro and W atsonville warehouses dur—
ing the ten years from 1880 to 1890. This, too, was exclusive of the
large shipments made through the railroad warehouses at San
Andreas, Martins, VVatsonville and Pajaro, and those of the steamship
company at Pajaro, Hudson’s and Moss Landings, all of which are
shipping points for this valley.

The increasing acreage of fruit and sugar beets has gradually cut
into the business formerly done in grain and potatoes, but that it is
still given some attention is evidenced by the following table of ship—
ments, which I am enabled to give through the courtesy of Mr. C. F.
Smurr, general freight agent of the Southern Pacific Company:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 First 9 months
Stations. l7 7 , 1895. » 4|, of 1896.

» lGrain. [Botatoeilrgraim lBoitatoes.»
Pajaro.. . . ............ l 123 ‘1 1,665 301 l 997
Watsonville . . ......... i 205 i 1,445 142 238
Neponset (Martin’s) ..... t. . . . . ., 1.240 ...... 376

Ellicott (San Andreas). . 'l 132 J ........ 45 ........
Number of tons ....... i 460 i 4,350 488 1.611

| 1

Totals .. ................... i ........ 948 5,961
Total number of tons by S. P. Co. .7: ....... | 6,909

 

In addition to the above many hundreds of tons have gone via the
landings by steamer, and when this is considered one must wonder
where space is found to grow so much.

The Pajaro Nearly thirty years ago, or. to be more precise, in 1867,
HOP Fields. N. A. J. Dorn sold to Austin Smith a number of hop
plants, which he planted in this valley, but subsequently sold to Owen
Tuttle. These plants, about fourteen acres, are still bearing on the
Tuttle place, near the city of Watsonville. Mr. Tuttle’s experience
with the hop business, extending as it does through the good and bad
of the past thirty years, gives him precedence here as an authority on
this subject. I found him communicative in regard to the history of

the hop industry, and the foregoing statement tells the beginning of
his success as a grower.

The prices received for hops in that time have ranged between five
cents and $1.15. Late in the ’70’s he sold at fifty-five cents, and the
price subsequently went to $1.15, but he was satisfied with that
received. He has made it a practice to pick every year and to give the
best article when the price is low. He does not believe in holding a
crop over, as is customary with most growers when the price is not
satisfactory. Mr. Tuttle's methods must be about right, for he has been
very successful. Another rule of his that is at variance with that prac—
ticed in the Sacramento Valley and in the East, is not to plow in the
plants every four or five years, as he claims that his roots, planted a
great many years ago, have been doing better for the past ten years
than young plants, owing to a certain condition of the soil that obtains
in this valley. His greatest yield was fifty—seven tons, received from
forty-two acres.

Morris B. Tuttle, a son of the veteran grower, is also in the hop-
raising business, and has been for more than a dozen years. The high—
est price received by him has been thirty cents (on two occasions), and
the lowest, for new hops, has been five cents. When he does not
expect more than this price he will not pick, as he considers the
decaying hops to be as good a form of fertilizing as can be used. The
largest yield received from his vines has been fifty-three tons from
forty-two acres.

A number of growers follow Mr. M. B. Tuttle’s plan of not picking
when prices are low, and for the past three years a great many acres
of hops have been left unpicked.

The hop ranches 0f the valley are owned as follows:

A

i m... of 1" as. b?

 

Owners. lAcres., Plants.
Owen Tuttle ....................... 1 46 i 23 yrs
M. B. Tuttle ........................ 48 14 “
Rodgers Bros ...................... i 48 I4 “
C.H.Cornell.......................' 32 3“
William McGrath .................. ‘ 3o 4 “
Chesley Stow ...................... 20 4 "
Charles Smith ...................... ‘ 3o 3 "
G. M. Bockins ..................... ‘ 30 4 “
P. Morse ..... . .................... ' 20 l 2 “

 

 

    

Nw-wm “ W V - ~-- I. .3: .. » 5“ u
WATSONVILLE.

The City of Watsonvilleo

ROM a cross—roads store and a few scattering dwellings in 1850.
VVatsonville has gradually risen, in point of population, to a city
of the fifth class, although it is organized in the sixth.

“Nestling in the valley”—one of the favorite similes of descrip—
tive writers when referring to some cozy-looking town—will hardly
apply to W'atsonville, for the reason that the city is altogether too self-
assertive to “nestle" anywhere. I am not a descriptive writer but a
plain stater of cold facts, so “crowning the valley" suits me better.

The location of the town in the early days was never a mooted
question. Convenience was the only consideration indulged in by the
builder of the first dwelling, and, following the social rule of civiliza—
tion, the second and third houses were erected close to it because the
first was already there. Since then the city of the present day has, like
Topsy, “jest growed.”

It is claimed that the main street of \Yatsonville was at one time a
cow trail, and that the first few houses were erected on either side
without other regard than the convenience of the cattle.

However that may have been, it is a fact that the principal business
street of the city is fairly straight, gradually sloping. wide, well paved,
with fourteen—foot bituminous sidewalks, and fitted with a sufficient
number of well—kept foot crossings.

Altogether probably enough money has been spent by well—meaning
but misguided city economists to have paved Main Street with gold«
bearing quartz worth four dollars a ton. If one were to sink a hole
three feet deep from the present surface, somewhere in the neighbor—
hood of a dozen different stratas, ranging in nature from bitumen to
wood ashes, might be encountered.

But, to do justice to the sincerity of the efforts of the former town
councilmen, I must add that I could mention a dozen older and larger
towns in the State where the principal streets are not now nor have
they ever been so good as Main Street in \Yatsonville.

By the way, “Main Street” is not the proper cognomen of this team—
thronged thoroughfare. Its baptismal name was Pajaro Street. I
believe, also, that an effort was at one time made to Christen the town
“Pajaro,” but it was named \Vatsonville after Judge Watson. at one
time State Senator from this district. Third Street, another business
street of the city, is macadamized.

 

Natural Ranging from two feet in the highest part of the city to
Foufldfltmfl- eight or ten feet in depth near the river is the rich black
soil that covers the entire valley. This soil rests upon a bed of clay—
gravel closely allied to cement and of almost adamantine compactness.
The latter makes a splendid natural bed for the foundation walls of
heavy buildings. It is also extracted from pits and used in the con—
struction of sidewalks throughout the outer streets of the city. The
moisture retained by this sub—strata is also a potent factor ‘in the results
obtained from the valley soil.

\Vatsonville, the capital of the Pajaro Valley. the center of the great
sugar—beet industry, is the second city of Santa Cruz County in popula—
tion and wealth, and is a thriving. busy. rustling, hustling. pretty town.

t is in the southern end of the county, close to the line separating
Santa Cruz County from Monterey County. A great many Monterey
farmers do all their business in \Vatsonville. Surrounded by a won-
derfully fertile country. most of which is under scientific and highly
remunerative cultivation. \Vatsonville does not know the meaning of
the expression, "hard times.”
people in a steady tide through the office of the immense sugar factory.
and the returns of cash from the famous orchards and the prolific
gardens aid to keep healthily fat the community purse. Take it all in
all, the farms of the Pajaro Valley are the most steadily productive of
any in the whole State.
abiding. The community which is backed up by a prosperous
farming neighborhood is certain to hold its own. From the farm to
the town and from the town to the farm the tide of profitable trade and
exchange ebbs and flows. bringing with it, like the Nile of the
Egyptians, blessings to all. A

\Yatsonville is emphatically a city of homes. People own their own
houses, and the city has that unmistakable homelike air which clings
to a community of home—owners.

Money flows into the hands of the

This makes \Yatsonville's prosperity sure and

It is the air which peculiarly dis-
tinguishes, among large places, the city of Philadelphia. I fancy a
Philadelphian. transported on the wonderful carpet of the Arabian
Nights’ tales from his home in the City of Brotherly Love to the
metropolis of the l’ajaro Valley would rub his eyes and wonder, not
how he had lost Philadelphia. but how Philadelphia had grown so

much smaller in a single night. This homelike air is very charming.

It is especially pleasant to the newcomer from the other side of the
Rockies. And his pleasure is whetted to a keener edge when he finds
that the people of \Vatsonville are just as soeiably hospitable and
fiiendly as the town looks to be.

Superficially, \Vatsonville resembles a New England town more than
a young \Vestern city whose first start in life was taken no earlier than
1852.
dwellings, the clean, shady streets. the fine stores,—thesc are strongly
reminiscent of the far liastern States.
ahead, until the great factory in which the beets are robbed of their
sugar looms up against the sky, the illusion is complete. The chief dif—
ference is that \Yatsonville in midwinter looks like a New England city

The green, flower—decked, pleasant door—yards, the neat white

.\nd when one looks farther

in midsummer. The December of the l’ajaro \Valley is the Indian sum-

mer of Vermont and Connecticut.
glorious \Vale of .'\valon as a land wherein it was always summer.
int had the three fair. tall queens who
stood by Arthur and helped him in his need but steered the shining

The poet dreamed and sung of the
That was a dream of fantasy.

bark, wherein the king. sore—wounded. lay. across the wide seas to this
fair valley, the dream would have been a reality. Here summer never
dies; here roses bloom. and the grass grows green and fresh: and the
tender buds are on the trees while liast and North and South. beyond
the mountain—walls. the land lies deep in snow. and the winds of winter
howl fiercely about the shuttered houses.
impressive to the Iiastern visitor, though the Californian is apt to take

The contrast is strikingly

his sunshine as a thing in the natural order of nature. and therefore not
to be wondered at nor to be effusively grateful for.

In a city bathed all the year round in sunlight. and sweet the whole
twelvemonth with the fragrance of flowers. one might naturally expect
to find a languorous, indolent. easy—going populace: but that is not the
Business is carried on with all the shrewdness,
The domestic fly does

way of \Vatsonville.
rapidity and activity of a typical \\'estern city.
not cluster to any alarming extent upon the inhabitant of \Yatsonville.
The inhabitant of \Yatsonville is not built that way. lie is a rustler,
and the fly who sets out ‘arly in the morning to overtake him will
find itself with a tired pair of wings at nightfall.

The business houses of \Vatsonville are, for the most part, on Main
Street. a fine thoroughfare. lined with fine buildings. The stores are
up-to-date in every respect, and one can buy as cheaply as he can in

San Francisco. The merchants carry large stocks. and the drummer

IOI

who alights in \Vatsonville is usually glad of heart and hopeful of
fat sales. The business done annually by the single firm of Ford &
Co. is something enormous, and far exceeds in volume the business of
any one house in the neighboring and larger city of Santa Cruz.

The community advantages of the municipality are those of a first—
class modern city,—excellent systems of sewerage, water and elec—
tricity adding to the health, comfort and convenience of the people.
The city affairs have been well and economically handled, and the
municipal tax rate is by no means burdensome. There is no con-
venience of modern city life lacking, and they are all to be had at
comparatively small figures. Having enjoyed a steady and healthy
growth, under wholesome conditions, being luckily free from booms
and eras of fictitious values, with their attendant extravagance, over-
building, and subsequent debt and decay, W'atsonville has not fallen
into the pit digged for themselves by too many ambitious communities,
and is not now sweating under the burden of foolishly incurred debt.
Her municipal government has been free from scandal, and the officers
of the city enjoy the respect, confidence and good—will of their fellow—
citizens.

The religious and educational advantages and facilities of the city
are exceptionally ample. Every leading Protestant denomination is
represented; the Catholic population is large, and zealous in the cause
of their faith; and the first things to arrest the eye of the newcomer are
the spires of the numerous churches. In fact when a resident of
\Vatsonville gets ready to leave for heaven, he can make his permanent
exchange of residence by a choice of a dozen different theological
roads to the Celestial City. It is currently believed in Watsonville that
when a native of that place dies and wakes up in glory he finds it hard
work to convince himself that he has left home.

The schools of \Vatsonville are admirable. The public schools are
finely equipped with a corps of able instructors, and the religious and
private schools rank high among those of the State. The educational
facilities of California are not surpassed by those of any State in the
UniOIn The graduates of the High School at either VVatsonVille or
Santa Cruz enter the University of California at Berkeley or: the
Stanford University at Palo Alto without examination. These two
great seats of learning, which are now ranked with the foremost in the
country, are but a few hours’ ride from \Vatsonville. The Eastern
man who thinks of coming to California to live may rest assured that

his children will find here the same schooling and the same university
advantages that they will in the most favored sections of the Atlantic
seaboard. The public schools are very dear to the Californian. To
maintain them in the highest possible state of efficiency, the people
spare no expense. The wages of teachers are high,—much higher
than in the Eastern States; and this fact attracts into the ranks
men and women of ability, who fit themselves for teaching as a
lifetime profession. Step is kept with every improvement of modern
educational methods; the school buildings are models of con—
venience; the apparatus is the best experience can select and money
buy; and no child living under the sky of California need go out
into life handicapped with a defective education. The Constitu-
tion of the State provides an educational qualification for the voter, and
everything in done that law and custom can do to give the State a body
of intelligent citizens. There is a generous but keen rivalry among
the cities of the State in educational matters, all striving for supremacy.
High up in the roll of cities whose systems of public instruction are
considered most perfect stands the name of \Vatsonville. The present
Board of School Trustees consists of G. D. Brewington. President;
F. A. Kilburn, Clerk; R. \V. Eaton.

The banking institutions of the city of \Vatsonville enjoy an
excellent reputation in the financial world. As might be expected in
such a prosperous agricultural and manufacturing shipping point as
\Vatsonville large currency transactions are of every-day occurrence,
and substantial banks to meet the exigencies of large and active
traffic are a necessity. No banks in the State enjoy more of the confi—
dence of business circles than do the Pajaro Valley Bank and the Bank
of \Vatsonville. The Savings banks under the same managements as
these two solid institutions afford an opportunity to the wise and
provident wage-worker to put by something of his earnings and obtain
a good rate of interest on the deposit. The officers and directors of the
banks are gentlemen widely known in California, and men of
unquestioned financial standing. The officers of the Pajaro Valley
Bank are: J. T. Porter, President; P. McAllister, Vice—President;
J. J..Morey, Cashier and Secretary; C. A. Palmtag, Assistant Cashier.
The directors are: J. T. Porter, W. R. Porter, Peter Cox, P. McAl-
lister, F. Mauk, T. Sheehy, A. B. Chalmers, N. A. Uren, M. Gagnon.
The business of the Pajaro Valley Bank is carried on in its superb
quarters in the Peck Block, one of the handsomest buildings in the

102

State. The officers of the Bank of \\'atsonville are: C. M. Bockius,
President; H. S. Fletcher. Secretary; Bank of \Vatsonville, Treasurer.
The directors are: G. M. Bockius. L. Sanborn, Edward \Vhite, Thos.
Snodgrass. H. S. Fletcher, \Y. G. Hudson, Owen Tuttle.

In its system of municipal lighting, and its supply of pure water,
\Vatsonville is particularly fortunate. The \Vatsonville Water and
Light Company furnishes both water and light at extremely reasonable
rates. The water supply is drawn from Corralitos Creek, a clear,
bright, sparkling stream. fed from the hills. The water is brought a
distance of six miles to the reservoirs. which have a capacity of about
three million gallons. The reservoirs are two miles from the city. A
giant fountain, hurling a great stream from forty to fifty feet into the
air, naturally attracts the attention of every passer—by. At the point
where the water is drawn from Corralitos Creek the stream is about
three hundred feet above the elevation of the town. The reservoir
itself is about ninety feet higher than the site of the city. The pressure
thus obtained gives a very strong stream and affords a splendid pro—
tection against fire. The water is absolutely pure and sparkling, and
its purity explains, in part. the healthfulness of the city and its low
death rate. The water works also supply water for irrigating purposes,
vegetable growers finding that irrigation of vegetables and small fruits
is a very profitable enterprise.

The electric light system is run by power furnished by the water
pressure at the reservoirs. A Pelton wheel drives the dynamos. The
system is the Thompson-Houston, and its operation is very satisfactory
to light consumers. The \Vatsonville \Yater \Vorks were constructed
in 1878. The system is owned by the \Vatsonville \\'ater and Light
Company, consisting of the following named gentlemen: Francis
Smith, \V. \V. Montague. 17. \\'. G. Moebus, F. \V. Lougee and Daniel
Wilson. The cheapness of both water and light in \Ai'a‘tsonville is no.
small factor in the prosperity of the city. The gentlemen at the head
of the company have conducted its affairs in a sensible and public‘
spirited manner, and the people feel that they are served as well and
cheaply as if the municipality owned the works. In striking contrast
to the greediness of so many corporations which supply public needs
with a View solely to put on all the tariff the traffic will bear, the
\Natsonville \Yater and Light Company meets its customers half way
in the desire to be fair and reasonable. The service is kept in a state of
high efficiency, and the works are a credit to the Sugar City.

As yet \Vatsonville has no street railways, the city hardly affording
encouragement by its present size for such an undertaking. But some
day an enterprising man with some thousands he wishes to invest and
double will see the splendid earning possibilities of an electric road
from Santa Cruz, via Soquel, Capitola and Aptos, to and through
Watsonville, and that man will proceed to turn the trick. An exten-
sion of the East Santa Cruz line clear through the thickly settled and
rich Pajaro Valley into busy \Vatsonville, a distance of some twenty
miles, would prove a dividend—earner from the very start. And the
local traffic of the \Natsonville terminus would be a big addition to the
gross earnings of such a road.

The management of the municipal affairs of Watsonville is vested
in a Board of City Trustees, consisting of five members. The present
Board is composed of the following gentlemen: A. R. Chalmers,
President; J. M. Grimmer, N. McLean, Thos. Kennedy and E. F.
Wyckoff. The city officials at present are: C. W. Bridgewater,
Marshal; Otto Stoesser, Treasurer; R. S. Tuttle, Clerk; Robert Smith,
Recorder; J. L. Enos, Superintendent of Streets; D. F. Maher, City
Attorney; P. B. Demartini, Chief Engineer; John Alvord, Night-
watchman; G. W. Fisk, Nightwatchman. The affairs of the city are
in good shape. Its credit is high, and it is distressed by no burden—
some indebtedness.

The newspapers of \Yatsonyille are three thoroughly good weekly
papers and one daily,—the Morning Rugis/t’r. The. Register and the
Weekly Transrrz’pt are owned and edited by George \V. Peckham. The
Transcript is Democratic in politics, and its editor is a man of promi—
nence in the party. The paper has an excellent patronage, is well
printed, and is devoted entirely to home interests. The daily issue is
read by the population of the entire valley. The Pajarom'tm is a
Republican paper, owned by \V. R. Radcliff, who has associated his
brother with him in the management. Mr. Radcliff is a shrewd, keen
political manager, and has the faculty of getting conventions to do
pretty much what he wants done. At the same time his methods are
honorable, and he always ”plays fair" with his opponents. The
Pajaronian is a model of typographical neatness, and is. take it all in
all, perhaps the best country weekly in the State. Certainly the
writer knows of none better. and he is pretty familiar with California
papers. The \Vatsonville Rustler is owned by Joe I'Ietherington, who
is a bit of a free lance and an independent in politics. There is no

103

questioning Mr. Hetherington’s honesty and sincerity, and he has more
than once done the county good service in preventing public knavery
and stopping contemplated jobs, which flourish, if permitted, in Cali--
fornia just as they do in Eastern communities. The interior press
of California is abreast in enterprise, ability and interest with the
country newspapers of any State in the Union, and among the interior
papers of California the three Watsonville papers rank well.

As might be expected from the character of the soil and the products
of farming in the rich surrounding valley, Watsonville is a considerable
shipping center and a large fruit market. There are a number of
fruit packers and commission buyers, and the business done by them is
very large in the aggregate. The apples of the Pajaro Valley are
famous all Over the world, and in the season as high as five hundred
carloads go out of the single city of Watsonville. This is an enormous
quantity of fruit, and all of it is handled and packed with the utmost
care. Each apple is carefully wiped clean, wrapped and packed in
boxes, assorted as to size and quality, and altogether a joy to the eye
of the distant buyer. In addition to the apple shipments, there is the
enormous business of the beet factory, the shipments of berries, fruits
and vegetables, and the regular business of the mercantile firms. It is
small wonder, then, that the railroad yards at Watsonville are a scene
of constant bustle, and resemble the yards in a city of from 20,000 to
30,000 people rather than of a city of not 4,000. The Coast Division of
the Southern Pacific Railroad passes Watsonville a couple of miles to
the south, Pajaro station being the junction where the Santa Cruz
branch, on which W'atsonville is situated, joins the main line of the
division. Within the last two years the Southern Pacific Company
has hurried forward extensive improvements on the Coast Division,
and at enormous expense has proceeded to close the gap at the
southern end of the route. There is no doubt that it is the intention of
the company to use this as the main line for passenger traffic between
Los Angeles and San Francisco, instead of the present line through the
San Joaquin Valley and the Southern deserts. In that case the tourist
travel of the East will be diverted from the San Joaquin t0 the coast
valleys, and W'atsonville will be right on the line of transcontinental
travel. This consummation is not a hopeful dream: it is a practically
settled reality, as the Southern Pacific is bending all the strength of its
tremendous resources toward completing the marvelous system of
tunnels, bridges and grades necessary to close the gap between the

line reaching upward from Los .\ngeles and the line reaching south~
ward from San Francisco. The roadbed of the entire Coast Division
has been put in first—class condition for heavy and fast traffic, and it
will not be long before the “Sunset Limited” will rush along on this
side of the range and leave the San Joaquin to hear only the echo of
its whistle. This change will greatly benefit the coast counties and
cannot have anything but a healthy and stimulating effect upon the
city of \Vatsonville.

There is a narrow—gauge road rtmning ottt of \\'atsonville into the
beet country. It is principally for the transportation of the beets
raised on the great Moro Cojo Rancho for the \Vestern Sugar Beet

    

The Peck Bilo’ck, Watsonville.‘
Company. but it is a great convenience to the farmers of that section:
and. by transporting them and their products to the \Yatsonville
market. it is a source of revenue to the city.

The seaside suburb of \Vatsonville is called Camp Goodall. having
been so named in honor of Captain Goodall. of the firm of Goodall.
Perkins & Co.. coast—line steamship owners. The beach
natural features which make bathing delightful all along the beautiful
bay shore. The temperature of the water varies but little in summer
and winter,—there really is no winter in \Yatsonville as Eastern folks
understand that term,——and the bathing is always pleasant. Near by
are great clam beds. and the clatnbakes of Camp Goodall have a fame

has the

104 i

which has traveled far beyond the boundaries of the lovely valley.
Many a Californian epicure rttbs his rotund stomach comfortably when
memory recalls to his mind the famous clams he has helped to bake
and eat on Goodall’s beach. The clam is a shy bird, and he refuses to
cheer the soul when rudely dragged from his native nest and served up
far from his birthplace amid the uncongenial surroundings of
mahogany and linen and silver and china. lint approach the clam in
his habitat. entice him to come forth. roast him on his natal rocks and
family beach. shrouded in his beloved sea weed. and then eat him to
the slow music of the sighing waves. and he not only dies happy bttt
yields up the essences of his cultivated soul to make joyous the feast.
That is the way \Vatsonville folks eat clams. and the very boys know
more about them than any chef who ever lorded it over l)elmonico's
kitchen.

Among the institutions upon which \\'ats(:>nville prides itself greatly
is the l’ajaro \Valley Orphan _\sylum for lloys. which for years was in
charge of Father Clementine l)eymann_ of the order of St. lirancis.
The orphan asylum is located on a high knoll. in the midst of about
two hundred and fifty acres of land beltmging to it. Near by is a
beautiful lake. one of those which the good Father Crespi mentions
in his interesting account of the expedition which set out in 1769
from San Diego to find the Bay of Monterey. lost since Yizcaino‘s
time.

The buildings at the «‘n‘phanage are comfortable. airy and

scrupulously clean. The State sets apart $100 a year for the
maintenance of each lad. and the Catholic churches of this diocese
contribute the balance of the funds needed to sustain this noble

charity. The physical welfare of the little fellows is carefully looked
after. and they are taught in the blacksmith shop. tailor shop.
carpenter shop. laundry. dairy and other industrial departments.
to use their hands as well as their heads to goodirofit. Nearly
everything in the way of repairs needed about the buildings is done
by the boys themselves. and many a dollar is thus saved to an institu-
tion which has no dollars to waste and mttst practice rigid economy
to make ends meet. The establishment is a model in every way. and
its success and the good it has done and will do are owing chiefly to the
\\'hile this work was in press

Father Clementine l)eymann died. and l can pay no better tribute to

labors of the devoted Franciscan priest.

his memory than to reprint here the eulogy given the good priest by
the [’ajarouitm .'

 

“lt was with sincere regret that our citizens. last Saturday. received
the news of the death of l’ather Clementine l.)eymann, late director
of the l’ajaro Valley (lrphan .\sylum. He died at l’hoenix. *\rizona.
last l’riday. and his funeral took place yesterday at the old Mission at
Santa liarbara.

 

l’ather Clementine came to
this valley ten years ago to assume charge of the l’ajaro Valley (7)1‘phan

.\d<li~

a place he loved well.

Asylum, and he quickly manifested rare :ulministrative ability.

institutions of its class 011 this Coast, and to make it such Father Clem-
Notwithstandiug the fact that over three
hundred boys were under his charge, and the duties of Commissioner
for this Coast had been added to his work—and this involved personal
supervision of eight orphanages—he was ever ready to further any just
movement which was intended to benefit this section. In the days
when the sugar beet industry was hanging in the balance here Father

entine worked uneeasing‘ly.

 

Watsonville Hose Team.

tions. changes and new buildings followed each other in quick succes—
sion: orchards were planted, farming lands were improved, the most
modern improvements in light, plumbing and ventilation were utilized
in the buildings: and aboy” all the large family of orphans and half
orphans was looked after most carefully in every particular. and the
affection between the boys and their watchful director was warmly

mutual. The l’ajaro \‘alley ()rphau .\sylum is one of the model

BOO-yard record, 50 seconds.

Clementine, by word and pen, advised continuance in the cultivation of
the beet crop, and time has justified the correctness of his judgment.
lle was a pioneer in the advocacy of an improved road system for this
township, and did much to make possible several of the improvements
which have proven of great benefit. He was a true friend of Watson—
ville and Pajaro Valley, a man of rare discernment and excellent
judgment. and combined with these qualities he possessed a most

equable temperament. Disease fastened on him speedily, and in
October he resigned the directorship of the orphanage and went to San
Francisco for medical treatment. He left here three weeks ago for
Phoenix, Arizona. The cause of his death was fatty degeneration of
the heart. When the grippe made its first appearance here he had an
attack of it, and each following winter he had an attack of the same
malady. He felt that his system had been weakened by the persistent
inroads of this disease, and it most probably led up to his fatal illness.
In the death of Father Clementine a good man has been removed from
this life.”

The secret and social orders are well represented in \Vatsonville.
The brethren of the Masonic persuasion will find welcome in Pajaro
Lodge, No. 110, F. and A. M.; Temple Chapter, No. 41, R. A. M.; and
\Vatsonville Commandery, No. 22, K. T. The ladies will find a
sisterly greeting in Lily of the Valley Chapter, 0. E. S. \Vatsonville
Lodge, No. 90, I. O. O. F., is in a flourishing condition. The Native
Sons and Daughters have two parlors. The Ancient Order of United
Workmen, the Knights of Honor, the Chosen Friends, the Red Men.
the Good Templars, the Foresters, and other societies, are represented
by lodges, nearly all of which are in a healthy condition.

The firemen’s companies still retain in \Vatsonville that enthusiastic
esprit du corps which is not general in these days of paid departments
and companies filled by political pull. The \Vatsonville hose teams
have won many famous victories, and their quarters are hung all about
with the scalps of their enemies. They have made their dashes in more
than one hard-fought tournament in world-beating time, and are
naturally the pride and the pets of the town. The \Vatsonville small
boy looks forward with eager longing to the day when, in abbreviated
costume and in the presence of cheering thousands, he shall help to
carry the machine to glorious victory. The department is kept in a
condition of the highest efficiency. Santa Cruz has good reason to
know this, for none here then can ever forget the desperate speed with
which VVatsonville hurried its engines and men to help the county—seat
when the great fire of 1894 was threatening to destroy the beautiful
City of the Holy Cross. \Vatsonville is very proud of its fire laddies.
and their deeds of daring are the frequent theme of fireside tales and
public speeches.

The hotels of VVatsonville are in keeping with the business character
of the city. The traveler will find himself surrounded by all the com—

forts which a man expects to find in a first—class modern hostelry.
The leading houses are the Mansion House, conducted by Seitz &
Sornberger, and the Lewis House, now owned by E. Lynde.

The Mansion House has long enjoyed a high reputation for its
excellent cuisine and service throughout the State, and the commercial
men—those hurrying birds of passage that come and go with the trade
winds—speak of it in the favorable tones which the knight of the grip
uses in discussing his favorite inn. The house is elegantly furnished,
and the table is supplied with the good things of the market, prepared
by skilled cooks and served by neat and attentive waitresses. The
reading room is a comfortable lounging place, and across the hall the
billiard room affords entertainment and exercise, while the bar
ministers to the soul that thirsts for refreshment. No town of its size
has a better house than the Mansion, and Seitz & Sornberger speed
the parting guest on his way with the certain knowledge that they will
see his signature on the Mansion register again if he ever comes back
to VVatsonville.

The former Lewis House, under Mr. Lynde's liberal management,
has taken rank with the best hotels of this section. Mr. Lynde is not
only an energetic business man, who knows that it pays to please his
guests with the best of everything, but he is a good liver and epicure

, himself, and the viands that pass his critical inspection are sure to

tickle the cultivated palate. He has made his hotel a very attractive
place of entertainment, and is building up a paying business on the
solid foundation of giving every guest the full worth of his money
and sending him away pleased and in a hurry to come back.

The W'atsonville House is a good hotel of the second class, and the
traveler whose desires must wait on his purse will find there good
entertainment at a low figure.

All in all. \\'atsonville is fortunate in its hotels and landlords, and
the stranger within the gates of the city will find himself agreeably
situated at any of the hostelries of the Sugar City.

The Eastern reader who has perused this general sketch of the city
of \Vatsonville will probably ask the practical question: “\Vell, what
can I do there? Can I make a living? Is there room for me in this
pleasant town you describe?" That depends, as the (log remarked
when he looked at his broken tail. The Eastern man who is thinking
of coming to California must use sense and judgment in weighing the

probabilities. In the first place. if he has just money enough to carry

him here. and will land with nothing but the vague hope of getting
something to do, l advise him by all means to stay right where he is.
lle will save his railroad fare and have a better chance to live. At
present labor is a drug in the California market. \Vages are low
liere,~lowcr than in the lCast. l know that the lying circulars sent out
by unscrupulous railroad and land agents picture (,‘alifornia as a Para—
dise where bosses run around with tears in their eyes to beg the proud
toilcr to take a job. llut that is merely wholesale lying. Labor here
must compete with Chinese and Japanese labor, and, while the Cali»
fornian is always ready to denounce the (fhinaman, he is always ready
to give him a job if he will do it cheaper than his white fellmv—laborer.
The wages of skilled labo' at“ about the same as those paid in New
England and the Middle States. liarm help is wretchedly paid, and no
Eastern farm—hand would put up for an hour with the social treatment
given a ranch—hand. The farm—hands of the liast~intelligent and
respectable young men, accustomed to meet the family of the employer
on terms of absolute equality, *ating at the same table, occupying the
same house, attending the same social gatheringsvwould hardly
appreciate sleeping in a bunlehouse, eating

in an outlmilding, and

being looked down upon as inferior sort of human cattle. There is no
The State is
If you rely on your daily work to win
your daily bread, do not come to talifornia unless you hav ‘ an opening

demand for labor. skilled or unskilled, in ('alifornia.
overcrowded with workmen.

ready for you or friends who will employ you.

It is high time that the false impressions concerning California,
(‘alifornia is not a State of
lt is a State infinitely rich in possibilities.

prevalent all over the lfast. were removed.
rich people.
is poor.
who can come here with capital

llut in cash it

There is nowhere where a dollar will buy Inore. The man

 

anywhere from a couple of thousand

of course. if he

 

dollars upward can prosper amazingly, that is.
(iold does not grow on trees
This

State of California is simply an immense, halfsdeveloped domain, rich

exercises ordinary good business sense.

 

here. not to any alarming extent: nor are the creeks full of it.
in untold possibilities of wealth. but with the lands owned by men who
know their worth.
the opportunities are gr *at.
thousand here a great deal faster than it will in the lCast.

l-‘or capital and energy. even if the capital is small.
\ thousand dollars will breed another
;\nd a man
who can come here prepared to buy some land. if only a few acres, and
who has the push and grit and hustle about him to farm it hard and

I 07

\

scientifically, can rest absolutely sure that he will live well and build
for his old age a delightful home. The climate is the most lovely,
balmy and inexpressibly beautiful on the face of God’s earth. The soil
is rich and lasting. The people are hospitable. refined, educated, and
The educational advantages are superb.

These are the conditions which await the Eastern man in \Vatson-
ville or any other part of Santa Cruz County. There is no buncombe
and no false description about this plain, unvarnished tale. I have told

pleasant to know.

you the ad 'antages and opportunities, and pointed out the disad-

vantages and the lack of certain opportunities.
‘

From this basis of

s “cuss-ewes“ -

    

Residence of Louis Wenks.

information you ought to be able to decide whether you can come here
and do well or whether you had better stay home. If you do come,
you will never go back again, that is certain. Nobody ever leaves this
glorious climate for the freezes and thaws, the ice, snow, slush and mud
of Eastern spring and winter. There is a charm in this lovely country
which is as subtle as it is indescribable, and nowhere does it work upon
one‘s blood with more certain effect than in the delightful valley of the
Pajaro and the cozy, homelike, flower—decked, beautiful little city that
queens it down where the orchards and the beet fields stretch away
for miles and miles on every side.

Thea ittiegtttem loot SSogar @ompaywo

ll]? making of beet sugar is pre—eminently the intlustry of \\'ats
sonville, Some y *ars ago Lilaus Spreckels. the famous Sugar

King. llZl(l his attention attractetl to the peculiar atlaptability of

the rich alluvial soil of the l’ajaro \‘alley to the cultivation of the
sugar beet. The Sugar King is a man of broarl mental grasp. quick to
see opportunities that promise gootl returns
for gigantic investments. antl tleterminetl in
action when once his judgment is formetl.

l‘iis

t lnce t‘laus Spreckels

The chief characteristic of the man is
fixedness of purpose.
has resolved to (lo a thing. he sets about it.
and no obstacle illltl no opposition can turn
him from the consummation of his purposes.
His will is

patience inexhaustible. his determination as

iron. his nature fearless. his
unchangeable as the laws of the Merles ltlltl
Persians. which no man might alter. the
fighting 2111(l staying qualities of the bluff Ultl
man were shown when he threw tl(t\\'ll the
gage of battle to the powerful Sugar Trust
and never ceasetl fighting until he hatl
brought that
combination to its knees. htunbly suing for
truce. 'l‘he whose
domitable hatl

the plantations of llawaii exhibitetl in ans

supposetlsto—be omnipotent

man genius lllltl in—

pluck yvon millions frotn

Other sphere the qualities which make men

great in financial tnnlertakings. ('laus

Spreckels is one of the powerful factors of
national life to—(lay. lle has impressetl his

rugged strength (llltl forceful character upon

the times in which he lives. ainl to hint ti is owing that a great ins A SUga" Beet antl by

(lustry. employing the labor of huntlretls and furnishing a market for
the protluce of thousantls of fertile acres. has grown up in the beautiful
valley which but a generation ago was almost virgin soil. The time will
come when all the sugar usetl in the l'nitetl Statessaml no people
approach our own in the consumption of sugar—wvill be manufacturetl

 

iota

.\n(l
when that titne ‘lltt’.\ come. when thousantls of men earn the means
of life the tieltls of the future. the

name of t‘laus Spreckels will be spoken with affectionate regard

between the two oceans that lap either coast of the Republic.

comfortable from broatl beet
antl athniration for his genius. his foresight, his plttck. antl his wons

tlerful achievements. lf the «leetls of men
who win great possessions for their peoples
with the swortl in the strong hantl are worthy
the

(llltl

themes for the pencil of painter antl
the of the
much
the

wealth

pen historian poet. how
celebration are
to the

coutttrynten in

more tit-serving of

achievements of him who atltls

antl con‘fort at his

untoltl mo asure not by battle antl blootlshetl.
but by the peaceful application of genius antl
sense uni courage to the problems of pro—
that benefactor who

It!

<luction. lf man is a

causes two blatles of grass where

grow
grew but one. who shall set metes antl bottntls‘
to the «lesery ings of that man who originates
a great iuthistry. giving tittployment (llltl ens

joynient to many huntlretls of thousands?

Long. long after his mortal frame has res
lttt‘ttetl to the elemciits front which it sprang.

t'laus \preckels will rememberetl

ne as a
benefactor of his kiinl. a ttseftll man among
men. anIl a clti/ett for w hose life the Republic.

llll> t‘ltt‘.\e to he pt‘ttftttttttlly g'l'utt‘fttl.

l‘he importance of the lit-(T sugar fac-
tory to the city of \‘yahonville cannot
be estimate<l in exact figures. ilihe plain

artistic the heart which

llH
life

the
\\atsonville \vonltl be struck a staggering blow.

means builtling is really

pumps the l)lHHtl of the city's tratle through every artery

the factory. and
Not that there
' itleal

and vein of whole cottttttttnity. ly‘emoye

is any tlanger or the factory being t‘emtwetl. It is in an

location. antl there it will stay for many antl many a year to come.

 

 

About it are twined all the business interests of the place. From it are
distributed the thousands of dollars that keep full the channels of
profitable t‘ade. that remunerate the rancher. pay his help, his store
bills, and fatten his comfortable bank account. The presence of this
unfailing and eager market for his products keeps up the values of the
farmer’s acres. The monthly wages distributed to employees find
their way into the hands of business and keep alive the prosperity
which does not desert \\'atsonville in any stress of financial or
industrial depression. The beet sugar factory is the Pandora’s horn.
monthly shaken above \Vatsonville. full of all good things. It is the
Nile which comes with full fiood to enrich the country over which it
spreads its glad waters. It is the bank against which labor draws its
checks, and in which it deposits the fruits of its toil.

The \\'estern lieet Sugar Company's factory at \\'atsonville
represents an investment of several hundreds of thousands of dollars.
It handles hundreds of tons of sugar beets daily, and its average output
of sugar daily is in the neighbcu‘hood of one hundred thousand pounds.
It disburses monthly to employees and farmers over fifty thousand
dollars. Such an amount of ready cash turned monthly into a com—
munity of a few thousand souls is certain to keep the gage of business
prosperity at high mark, and explains easily why \Yatsonville always
finds trade active and money plenty, even when neighboring towns are
in the throes of business depression.

The lime rock used in the beet sugar process is brought from the
inexhaustible quarries near Santa (iruz. and enormous quantities are
taken at the factory.
distant part of the county receives some share of the benefits of sugar
making in the Pajaro Valley.

The Eastern farmer, who is tired of running behind on the “old

Thus an incidental industry is fostered. and a

farm,” will doubtless want to know whether he can come to the Pajaro
llc most certainly can. The
The demand is
If ever the supply of beets catches up to the capacity

Valley and raise sugar beets at a profit.
factory has never yet had as many beets as it wants.
always for more.
of the factory. nothing is more certain than that the capacity would at
once be increased. Land in the L'nited States adapted to the suc-
cessful cultivation of the sugar beet is comparatively limited in
Meantime the consumption of sugar in the country is
Millions of pounds are ini~
Not until the

acreage.
enormous. and increases all the time.
ported annually from Cuba and the Sandwich Islands.

109

supply of home—grown sugar equals the demand of the American
market will the sugar beet market be affected by overproduction, and
that time is yet a long way off. Meantime the demand for sugar beets is
incessant, and the price fixed and unfluctuating. The sugar beet crop
is not subject to the violent fluctuations that affect cotton, corn, wheat
and other staple crops upon which speculators keep low prices until
the farmer has been compelled by his necessities to sell and then boom
prices for their own advantage and enrichment. The sugar beet crop
does not go through middlemen's hands at all. It is not and cannot
be. speculated in under present conditions. There is no long and short
buying and selling, no futures, no wind sales. That is because there is
never a surplus to demoralize the market and cheat the farmer. The
whole crop is in constant demand. It is always short of the wants of
the factories. And being raised in the immediate Vicinity of the
factory, and hauled for sale to the very doors of the factory, the price
remains fixed. and. as a matter of course. profitable to the grower. T0
tempt men to use such fertile acres as those of the Pajaro Valley for
the cultivation of any particular crop, that crop must be a paying one.
Men would not raise sugar beets on land worth $300 an acre if sugar
beets were not a certain and profitable crop.

The manner in which the price of sugar beets is "fixed is very satis-
factory to growers. The beets are bought by the ton, and the
price varies with the percentage of sugar the tests show the beets to
possess. The price of beets showing fourteen per cent of sugar is $4
per ton, and for each additional one per cent or degree of polarization,
as it is technically called. the grower receives fifty cents per ton
additional. That is to say, if the beets go to twenty per cent, the
price per ton is $7, and as careful and scientific cultivation will
bring the beets to as high as twenty—two per cent of sugar, the
good farmer will, as in everything else, make more beets and get a
higher price for them than his incompetent and careless neighbor.
The average yield of the beet farms per acre is fifteen tons, though
larger yields are not uncommon, and thirty—five tons of beets have
been taken by one Pajaro Valley grower from a single acre. Taking
an average of fifteen tons to the acre, at an average sugar percentage
of sixteen.—and these are fair,—the grower has a gross revenue
from each acre of land of $75. The entire cost of raising an acre of
beets. including hired labor and hauling to the factory, is $50 an acre
011 rented land and $37.50 on land which the grower owns. The

annual rental value of naked sugar beet land is 812.50 per acre. It
will be seen from these calculations which are conservatively made,
that the sugar beet grower can r >asonablv expect a certain annual

net profit of $57.50 per acre on the land put to use. if he owns his

L

land. and a return of $25 per acre. net profit. if he rents land from

another.
which will fetch a sur‘ annual profit as large as this.

l do not know of an_v other farming in the linited gtates

The sugar beet land of the li’ajaro \Valle'v is not all under cultivation

 

\et. and there are plenty of opportunities for men of small capital to

come here and do well.

;\nv of the \\'ats0nville real estate agents will

gladly furnish information eoncernincr sugar—heel lands. and the com—
panv issues a pamphlet descriptive of the methods of cultivation, cost

 

14?

I10

’,

ive Oak

(,‘v

a

   

. ”n t, («3
'3:.*J~2‘49.a‘1«1.

   

“a?
S.
”l pt‘t'lllltt‘tivm. prol'alile profits. cut. Which \\ill he 1
any one who Ina} have his thoughts turned toward California.
121inl)‘.froiit the Sislciyous to the Mexican line there is no valley in all

it great value to
(“01‘—

this wonderful State in which a man can hetter pitch his tent and set

 

up his household altars than right here in the valley which spreads
around the city of Watsonville.

The superintendent and general manager of the \Vestern Beet Sugar
Company’s factory and incidental business is W. C. \Vaters, a gen-
tleman whose native force of character, shrewd business acumen
and broad grasp of affairs eminently fit him for this responsible
position.

a‘j'fflfigfif

The grocery store of Otto Stoesser was the next, and he has con-
tinued in business until the present day. He has served as Municipal
Treasurer ever since the organization of the town, and now holds that
position. His son, Otto D., an enterprising young business man, has
managed the business for him for several years past, under his super-
vision, and the success of the house has been continuous.

Thomas Snodgrass, with a harness shop, was, I believe, next in

E i

mannhnmna

   

  

Ulfll'i“

 

FACTORY OF THE WESTERN BEET SUGAR COMPANY AT WATSONVILLE.
The first business house in the valley was literally the line. He continued in business until he had acquired suflic1ent

I

 

.

Pioneer

Business. nucleus around which was built the present city of Wat—
sonville.

It was the store of the Cooper Bros, on the location of the present
Cooper Block. This handsome structure is, at this writing, just fin-
ished, and is by its appearance a credit to the city. The old building
was removed last year.

means to retire and enjoy life upon an income derived partly from
he rent of two business blocks. One of these is of brick, and
will be an almost everlasting monument to his frugality and business
qualities.

Our present County Clerk, Hon. Ed Martin, was another pioneer
business man of Watsonville. He established a stationery store here,

so long ago that I can’t find the date, and the position he now holds
attests the integrity of his dealings.

Dr. Charles Ford and M. Barney formed a copartnership in the very
early fifties, and Mr. Barney was subsequently succeeded in the busi-
ness by L. Sanborn. The firm of Ford & Sanborn continued in busi-
ness until a few years ago, when Mr. Sanborn retired and the C.-Ford
Company was organized. This firm included a number of trusted
employees, some of whom are still in the firm, which does business in
the department stores of the Ford Block, at the corner of Main and
Third streets.

Vanderhurst, Griffin & Co. was another of the earlier firms. They
carried on a business, in about 1857, at what is now known as the
“Old Corner.”

After this year the growth of business in the valley called for the
establishment of so many new firms that it is almost impossible, as
well as quite unnecessary, to name them by precedence. _

In 1868, on March 30th, the town was incorporated, and in 1874, on
January 30th, the charter was changed. On March 20, 1878, a city
charter was adopted, and Watsonville has since continued in the sixth
class.

A comparison will show how steady has been the increase in the
number of people who call Watsonville “home.” In 1851 the popu-
lation of the entire valley would not have exceeded 50. In 1873 it
was about 2,000. It is now 3,500, and going on surely.

Miscella- Forty years ago there were not more than five business
neous. houses in Watsonville. At the present writing the number
of buildings occupied as business houses on Main Street. Maple Avenue
and Third Street is seventy-eight. This figure is exclusive of the
packing houses, fruit and hop driers, and factories of different kinds
mentioned elsewhere.

i There are now three large school buildings, including a High
School recently erected at a cost of $25,000, two private schools and
a kindergarten, aside from the many private means of instruction in
the arts.

A Free Reading Room and Public Library is conducted under the
auspices of the VVomen’s Christian Temperance Union.

There are seven churches—the Christian, Catholic, Presbyterian,
Methodist, Episcopal, Danish and Danish-Lutheran. Nearly all of
these sects have large, commodious and well-furnished places of

 

worship, and each has a numerous attendance. Sectarian strife is
unknown.

The fraternal feeling existing in the city is exemplified by the exist-
ence of twenty-three social organizations. These lodges or societies
have regular attendance from large memberships.

A sanitarium, conducted by Dr. Watters, provides care for invalids
at a nominal price.

Six physicians look after the health of the entire population, and
not all of them are kept busy.

Four dentists attend to the chewing apparatus.

Six lawyers live here in harmony—most of the time.

Seven hotels, four restaurants and numerous private boarding-
houses cater to the wants of the inner man.

Two Breweries and three Bottling Works supply the kind of liquid
refreshment not relished by patrons of the Cider Works. The latter
house has built up a large trade both at home and abroad.

Four newspapers handle the daily and weekly news in a creditable
manner.

Strange to say, this city has no flour mill, although at different
times three have been in Whether the cause of their
removal is to be found in the cessation of wheatraising on a large
scale, or whether the “ flour combine" has something to do with it,
deponent saith not.

existence.

As in the above case, at various times three brickyards have been
operated to advantage here, but now I am told that only one remains,
and it finds outside competition so strong that a very small margin of
profit is all that can be obtained. And yet there is an unceasing con-
struction of brick buildings.

Gas, supplied by the Maxim Gas Company, is used in many of the
business houses, but most of them are now lighted by electricity.

In operation a few miles from the city is a granite qi/inarry, using a
steam crusher with a capacity of twelve tons an hour. The granite
from this quarry is of such excellent quality that it is now used almost
entirely in the macadamizing of the streets of the city. and a market
is rapidly opening for it in San Francisco, San Jose and other cities.
The Granite Rock Company has an inexhaustible quarry, and their
mode of grading the crushed granite is sure to attract further outside
attention.

The silo 0n the Pajaro Valley Railroad, operated in conjunction
with the Western Beet Sugar Company’s business. fattens with beet
pulp an average of about 400 head of cattle throughout the year.

L. V. Willets has, by the importation of Percheron stock, brought
the blood of the Pajaro draught horse almost to perfection. He
conducts a stock farm on the Beach Road, and it is worth ones while
to see his magnificent horses.

It is no uncommon sight to see a string of beet teams three-fourths

of a mile long waiting to enter the factory. As these are all large
teams, it can readily be seen that the constant operation of half a dozen
or more, each, of blacksmith, harness, paint shops, etc., is a necessity
of the city.
Rainfall by A record carefully kept by Mr. Thomas Snodgrass of W'at-
Record. sonville shows the total rainfall for each of the past seven
seasons. It will be remembered that the winters of 1889—90 and
1894—95 were particularly wet ones all over the country. In the first
season recorded, when the Pajaro Valley received such an unusual
drenching, the rainfall at Boulder Creek, in this county, was over
seventy-two inches.

SEASON. RAINFALL.
1889-90 ....................................... 44.90
1890—91 ...................................... 20.31
1891—92 ....................................... 19.03
1892—93 ....................................... 32.54
1893—9; ....................................... 23.18
1894—95 ....................................... 39.46
1895—96 ....................................... 21. 53

The total average for this period is 19.13 inches, and a total average
for the past thirty—five years, covering one other very wet season,
1861~62, and one very dry one, 1875—76, would not change the above
average more than two inches either way.

Fire Fighters and In 1861 the necessity for some organized method of
Apparatus. fighting this dangerous element became very appa—
rent, and in that time a bucket brigade was considered efficient.
Pajaro Bucket Company No. 1 was organized under the foremauship
of W. N. Anderson. He was succeeded by E. F. Sanborn, under
whom an engine company was formed, but, owing to delay in the pur-
chasing of an engine, the Bucket Company was continued for some

 

113

time. An old-fashioned hand engine was finally purchased, and in
different portions of the town six cisterns were established. These,
with the hand engine, served until 1878, when the Corralitos Water
Company placed hydrants at the principal corners, and a hose com-
pany was formed from the engine company.

It was not long, with the increasing need for protection, until a
second company was organized. Pajaro Hose Company No. 1 and
California Hose Company No. 2 were, after the custom of earlier
days, rivals for the name of champion.

This rivalry resulted in the institution of district speed contests.
Neighboring towns sent crack teams to endeavor to win the diamond
belt that had been subscribed by our citizens as a trophy for speed
The conditions were that the companies should run three hundred
yards, couple to a hydrant, and then finish another hundred yards
before breaking coupling to attach the nozzle. As the water was
turned 011 at the hydrant as quickly as possible after the connection,
it will be seen that great speed, practice and quick coupling were nec-
essary. The many'contests held under the condition that the winning
company must win three times drew these trials out over a period of
several years. The diamond belt was not by any means a cheap aflair
aside from the honor connected with the final winning. It was valued
at $400, and the earnestness with which the races were conducted
caused it to change hands a number of times before it was finally won
for the third time by Pajaro Hose Company No. 1 of Watsonville, in
one minute, nine and two-fifths seconds, making a world’s record for
a 4oo-yard race.

This ended the 4oo-yard contests, but the fashion of hose-racing and
hook and ladder speed trials is not yet out of date, for only this year,
in a district celebration held in this city, the Watsonville team won
the hook and ladder race, and a few days later, at Monterey, won a
gooyard hose race, and established another class record. These inci-
dents will serve to show that speedy work at a fire can always be
confidently expected from the Watsonville fire laddies.

The first engine house was opposite the plaza but was sold and a fine
brick structure on Main Street built as a housing for the apparatus.
The old hand engine was disposed of and a few years ago ahandsome
steam engine of the most improved pattern purchased. But few cities
of Watsonville’s size can boast ofa more complete arrangement for
coping with the fire fiend.

A hook and ladder truck has been a feature of the department for a
number of years, and last yeara full company was organized to man it.

An electrical alarm system was used here for a time, but for some
reason was discontinued last year. The trusty alarm bell on top of the
city hall continues to give warning of any incipientblaze, and the large
horses belonging to the city respond promptly.

The department apparatus now consists of a steam engine and
horses, driver, and engineer, three hose carts, and a hook and ladder
truck.

       

    
 

ll Willlll

A Resldence of J. M. Walsh

A chief engineer and assistants direct the movements of the minor
oflicers of the three companies.

The Hook and Ladder Co. has a membership of forty men, and
each of the Hose companies is composed of twenty-five members.
ThePajaro Valley is beautifully situated on the margin of College
Orphan Asylum Lake on a commanding knoll overlooking the
placid waters of the lake and the every beauty of the surrounding
valley. The Franciscan fathers who chose this spot upon which to
establish a home for orphan boys were certainly far-seeing in this

114

selection. The view from the College is calculated to insrire a love
of nature, and the wide freedom of the environment removes the “pent
up " feeling common to schools of this class. l’uder the able busi-
ness direction of Father Clementine Deymann, of the Order of St.
Francis, this College has been yearly increased in capacity for accom-
modation, and now over four hundred orphans and half orphans are
clothed, fed, and, which is more to the point, given an education that
fits them for contact with outside life.

Under the watchful and loving care of Father Deymann and his
corps of male assistants, every detail of the boys’ lives is supervised
and every precaution taken to be ready for the emergency of con-
tagious disease. This is illustrated by the fact that only two boys in
more than four hundred were unable to partake of the Thanksgiving
dinner provided last year by the ladies of the valley. This dinner isa
yearly feature of the school life, and I append an account of the one
given a year ago as it was published in a local paper of \Vatsonville.
The wonderful success of this school is particularly commendable,
since the usual State appropriation for schools of this kind has not
been forthcoming for two years past.

“ There are nearly four hundred boys at this institution,
and on that day they were given a feast that they will remember for a
year.

“ For the past four years it has been the custom of the good ladies
of Pajaro Valley to solicit donations of food among the residents of this
community and to personally supervise the distribution of the good
things at the College where, for the time being, they literally have full
sway. Over thirty ladies were actively concerned in the arrangement
of the dinner, and many more from all parts of the valley, from all
classes and all sects worked in harmony to give the boys one big day
in the year. And they did it.

“Early in the day the ready cooked viands were delivered to the
carvers by wagon loads and there was a continuous slashing of beef,
veal, pork, mutton, turkeys, geese, ducks and chickens until the noon
hour, by which time the tables were laid and laden with heaping
plates of everything good to eat and they were refilled and filled again
until every boy was thoroughly satisfied—which means the clearing
away of lots of food when healthy boys are hungry.

“A specially noticeable feature of the feast was the splendid be-
havior of the boys. Perfect order obtained throughout, from the bell

tap, when the boys filed double rank into the dining hall, until the
signal for their dismissal. Many children in families, who are sup—
posed to be well—bred, could with much advantage take lessons in
politeness and table manners from these poor orphans. The fullest
praise is due to the good men who devote their lives to the care and
training of these otherwise homeless children."

[Note—Since the writing of the above Father Deymann has passed

away. His place is taken at the Orphan Asylum by Father
James] .
Corralitos Messrs. \Villiam Landrum and James M. Rodgers,

Water W0rkS~ having on the 20th day of December, 1877, secured

all the water rights to the Corralitos and Brown's creeks, conceived
the idea of carrying the waters of said creeks to the town ofVVatsonville

     

for domestic use and for the irrigation of the various berry fields in the
immediate vicinity of\\'atsonville. They therefore in the early part of
1878 commenced the construction of a wooden llume from the village
of Corralitos to the village of Freedom, a distance of five miles, to carry
the waters of Corralitos Creek, and distribute them from a small reser—
voir at this point to the town in an eight—inch iron pipe a distance of
one and a half miles, and by wooden flume to the various berry fields.
At this time, February 5, 1878, Messrs. Landrum and Rodgers trans-
ferred all their rights in the Corralitos \Vater Co. to Francis Smith and
John P. Culver, of San Francisco. Messrs. Smith and Culver began
at once to enlarge the system, under the supervision of Mr. J. P. Cul-
ver as engineer, and Wm. Landrum as superintendent, by building a

2,000,000 gallon reservoir. On October 4, 1878, Mr. J. P. Culver trans-

kun a»

Champion Hose Team of the WorlderRecord, 400 Y

 

ferred his interests to Mr. W. W. Montague, of San Francisco. Messrs.
Smith and Montague continue as owners up to the present time.
About April 1, 1880, Mr. Landrum was succeeded as superintendent
by Mr. A. \Vhite, the present manager.

The system continued to grow as the town progressed, until to-day
the city of \Vatsonville is supplied by as complete a system of water
works as many larger cities can boast of.

The company has storage capacity of 3,000,000 gallons, with a daily
supply of 2,500.000 gallons, which is supplied to the city under a head
of ninety feet, through a fifteen inch castiron pipe, from which branch
pipes from eigh to two inches run to various parts of the city. The
water is conveyed from a point two miles above Corralitos, in a twenty
inch iron pipe, to the reservoirs at Freedom, a distance of seven miles.

  
   

ards, 1:09,.
In this distance a fall of 220 feet is obtained, which gives a running
pressure of seventy pounds at the reservoir.

From this point the surplus water not used by the city is conveyed
through pipes and flumes to the berry field, where 200 acres of straw-
berries are irrigated. This brings us up to 1889. At this time, the
business of electric lighting having begun to become a want in the
progressive city of Watsonville, Messrs. Smith and Montague, through
their superintendent, Mr. A. White, began to investigate the subject
of furnishing electric lights to the city. After considerable thought
they found that their water would give them fifty-horse power with—
out injuring or reducing the supply. This they also found would
supply 500 incandescents to the city. They at once organized the
\Vatsonville Electric and Power Company, to be run in connection

with their water system. Work was at once commenced, and on April
I, 1890, electric lights were turned on in the city of Watsonville, the
power being supplied by the Corralitos and Brown’s creeks, running
in the mountains nine miles from the city. This was a great event
for the city. The company started with 150 lights, but, like the water
works, the light works were destined to grow. The water power was
soon outgrown, and steam was added, until to-day the system has a
capacity of 2,000 incandescent lamps, and the water works is assisted
by a 200 horse power Cross Compound Condensing Buckeye engine,
and a seventy-five horse power Corliss engine, which supplies
incandescent lights for business and residence use, and are lights
for streets. So Messrs. Smith and Montague are abreast of the times
and have supplied the city of Watsonville with the best of water and
electric light systems, and, as a just reward, are receiving the encour-
agement of the citizens, as the above account will truly show.

Not a small amount of the credit for the above is due Mr. Almon

White for his eflicient management of the works for the past sixteen
years. Since the installment of the electric light plant he has been
assisted by Mr. H. M. Andersen as chief engineer, Mr. S. H. Russell,
assistant engineer, and Mr. W. A. White, electrician.
The Santa Cruz Although the German citizens who have made
Tum Vereifl- America their home are loyal to this country, and at
all times willing to assist in advancing the interests of the land which
offers» them its protection, they yearn now and then to recall pleasant
memories of the Fatherland.

Conrad Flach’s proposition of the advisability of organizing a society
for this purpose was received with much favor, and on September 21,
1894, a few Germans met at the Germania Hotel in this city and organ—
ized the Santa Cruz Turn Verein. Thanks to the efforts of these
enterprising gentlemen, the membership list grew steadily, and in but
a short time the newly organized society was able to rent its own
hall. One of the first important transactions was, of course, the elec-
tion of oflicers, which resulted in the choice of the following gentle—
men: President, C. Beck; Vice—President, L. Doeltz; Secretary, R.
Rieger; Treasurer, J. P. Krieg; First Gymnastic Leader, E. Meves;
Second Gymnastic Leader, A. Ronecker; Sergeant—at-arms, Vollmer;
Instructor, Conrad Flach.

During the following year the Turn Verein had to overcome many
Obstacles. But, thanks to the steadfastness and unity of its members,

116

the Turn \Verein reached a culmination point on its road to success and
fame in January, 1896. On the twenty—sixth day of that month the
State Convention of the Pacific Turn Bezirk was held at Turn Verein
Hall, and among other matters of importance it chose Santa Cruz for
the celebration of the biennial Turnfest. This aim was reached, not
alone through the oratorical ability of the delegates, Messrs. Effey,
Rieger and \Yessendorf, but to the citizens of Santa Cruz, who by their
noble treatment had impressed the visiting delegates most favorably.
Then followed weeks of hard labor. The Executive Committee of
the Turnfest, which consisted of Conrad Flach, President; John
\Yagner, Vice—President; Ed. Roedel, Secretary; L. \Vessendorf,
Treasurer; Alfred Metzger, Press Secretary; Geo. A. Bram, F. R.
\Valti, Robert Effey, Carl Beck, L. Doetrsz, J. P. Krieg, Dr. H. H.
Clark, Lieutenant—Governor \Ym. T. Jeter, Adolph Grantz, F. Kron,
and S. J. Strauss, was at work almost day and night for the purpose of
making the festival a brilliant success. They were kindly assisted by
the local press as well as by the San Francisco papers, and the Turn
Verein feels greatly indebted to them. The outlook was encouraging.
From all parts of the State letters of encouragement were received,
and. a few weeks before the festival took place, its success was an
established fact. And, although the Turnfest is now a thing of the

- past, it will at all times be remembered with a sensation of pleasure and

pride by the Santa Cruz Turn \‘erein;—with pride, because, although
a small society, it has become popular. and honored and respected by
every German society in this State. has succeeded in giving a festival
in a time of financial depression, and was able to fulfill all its obliga—
tions; with pleasure, because its members have had an opportunity to
shake hands with their countrymen of all parts of California.

At present the Santa Cruz Turn Verein has about 150 members,
and its treasury is in a flourishing condition. In fact its position is so
flattering that the members are seriously entertaining plans as to the
erection of a Turn Verein Hall. The officers who at present guide the
welfare of this society are: President, F. R. \Valti; Vice-President, L.
\Yessendorf; Secretary, Alfred Metzger; Assistant Secretary, H.
Garret: Treasurer, J. P. Krieg; Assistant Treasurer, A. Reiner; First
Gymnastic Leader, E. Meves; Second Gymnastic Leader, H. \Volf;
Sergeant-at—arms, O. H. Boehm; Librarian, H. Garret; Instructor,
Conrad Flach; Trustees: John \Yagner and l’. \Vogt.

ALFRED )IETZGER.

 

MRS. FRANCIS.

MISS WESSENDOR F.

M RS. ’l‘.—\ \‘LOR.
MISS MORRIm’.

MRS. HASTINGS. 311$SH)TCKER

MISS ”HUMANS.

PROF. HASTINGS'
MISS BECKER.
MISS SI'AIrIrImI).
MISS PARKLR. MISS Mmucy.

PROF, HASTINGS.
MISS McLAI‘nHLIN.

MISS CASE. MISS MILLS.

MRS. CHACE. MRS. GIBSON.

MISS MERRILL.
MISS \VII.LI:\MS.

LADIES ORCHESTRA.

MISS S’I‘AFFLER.
MISS PARKER.

MISS MICHENER.

MISS GARDNER. MISS MILLS.

MISS SOMERS. MISS MERRILL. MISS BOSWELL.

MISS GORDON.

MISS SORENSON.

 

H©1®©IF and @lery tO These Flair; Men).

Hewed and hacked and shot and stabbed,

The life of a man is a little thing—
AS a grape in the wine-vat trod,
So is the little life of a man
Under the heel of God—
Under the heel of God the Great,
Who maketh the earth a stool
For His foot and crusheth under His heel
Alike the wise and the fool.

Yet, to the fool his life is sweet,
And ,Sweet is life to the wise,

And no man looketh mirthfully
Into the Slayer’s eyes.

And mighty of soul is that one man,
Whether a fool or wise,

That giveth, with pain, for other men
The life that all men prize.

ANDREWS, J. B.
AGERTEE, SOLOMON

ARMSTRONG, WILLIAM

ABARR,JOHN B.
BACHELDER,JOHN A.
BRIGGS, JAMES R.
BLANCHARD, HENRY
BRINK, LAMONSON
BURKE, BART
BIBBINS, CYRUS
BLAISDELL. I. L.
BOWMAN, ED
BISSONETT. SIMEON
BALDING, B. R.
BOWERS, WM.
BROWN, J. B.

BUEB, CHARLES
BRAHEE, G.
CRUZAN, J. A.
CRAGHILL, CHARLES
CLIPPINGER, H. W.
COPP, JOHN

And this was the gift these Offered up

\Vhen the swirlincr

whirling flame

Of battle ran greedily round and about
The ways that they fearlessly came,—

\Vith death running hungrily in and out
Of their ranks as they dauntlessly canIe,

And into the clanlorous hell of fight
Strode through the swirling flame.

And cheered with a terrible cry

Their comrades’ souls as out of the fight
They flew to God 011 high,—

And the angels who wait at the beautiful gate
On their faces fell at that cry,

At the feet of those who, like their Lord,
For others had dared to die.

Honor and glory to these plain men
“7110 wrought, in grief and pain,
The purpose of God who leudeth life
To man for the centuries’ gain;

For worthy of honor is any man,
\Vhether a fool or wise,

Who risketh with joy for other men
The life that all men prize.

First MHSter ROM Wallaee=ReyD©l<fl§ Pegt.

CONANT, ROGER
CARR. ED
CROSSETT, M. L.
CUNNINGHAM, J. F.
CLAPP, T. J.
CLAFFY, JOHN
COMSTOCK, HARVEY
CHANDLER, W. G.
DARLING, C. H.
DICKERMAN, ED
DURELL, M. H.
DELIHANTY, JOHN
DARLING, W. R.
ELLWOOD, M.
ELLICKSON, JOHN
EDWARDS, D.
FINNEY, BEN].
FRESHOUR, JOSEPH
FAY, HAMILTON
FENTON, EDGAR S.
FITZSIMMONS, CHARLES
FIELDS, JAMES

GOLDSBY. Z. N.
GOULD, ALTON
GRIFFIN, JAMES
GERETCHIN, LOUIE
GLASS, JOHN
HYNES, PHILLIP
HOHMANN. SEBASTIAN
HORTON, S. I.
HAMMOND, \VM.
HOSSACK, DAYID
HALLE‘CK, RICHARD
HOGL'E, J. D.
HOBSON, GEO. H.
HOUCK, F T.
HARIS, JAMES B.
JONES, A. J.
KNIGHT, BEN].
KANE, ANDREw H.
LENHART, JOHN
LINCOLN, O. J.
LONG, CLARK
LITTLEFIELD, G. B.

 

LARNED, CHARLES H.
LEONARD, PETER
LAVISH, OTTO
LANFEAR, CARLOS
LOI‘CKS, GARRETT D.
LUNDT, AMOS

MEAD, G. K.
MULLIGAN, DENNIS
MARTIN, JOHN
MANDELL, JACOB
MCEWEN. ROBERT
NEWHALL, GEO. \V.
NICHOLS. ['RIAL S.

NEwCOMB, SA )IL‘EL L.

OwEN, RICHARD H.
OMAN, JOHN
O’BLENESS. ANDREw
PATTERSON, M, S.
PEOPLES, CHARLES
PATTON. W. H.
PRICE, ED

PERRY, E. D.

PENDLETON, ED
PETERSON, J. A.
PEAKES, JAMES B.
PARSONS, A. H.
PANSY, NICHOLAS
PESTON, ROBERT
RICHARDSON, T. J.
RAMBO, S. H.
RODGER, FRANK
REYNOLDS. J. A.
ROSS, C. F.
SMITH, LUCAS F.
STAPLES, S. S.
SWANTON, S. B.
STOCKING, 12. N.
SULLIVAN, JOHN T.
SNYDER, GEO. H.
SHIPPY, M.
STO\VE, L. \V
SHIPPY, G. M.
SHIRLEY, THEODORE
SHERMAN, L. S.

PHII. FRANCIS.

SMITH, G. W.
STRICKLAND, W. G.
STACK, JOHN
SMITH, \V. T.
STEINBAI'GH, E.
STEVENSON, DAVID
SHUE, PETER
STONE, H. J.
SNYDER, JOHN
SYLVESTER, \V. H.
TODD, C. J.
’I‘ROSTE}, JACOB
TURNER, C. L.
TATEBURG. F. W.
I'HDEN, HENRY
\‘EATCH, H. C.
\VHITE, J. D.
WYMOND, JOHN F.
WOLFLEY, J. K.
\VALDO, B. F.
WALKER, J. O.
YOUNGLOYE, DWIGHT

1g waxww ,N ”z“

 

WALLACE-REYNOLDS POST, GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC.

The Mountain Villages of Santa Cruz County

TRUNG along like emeralds on the silver tlnead of the upper San
Lorenzo are three little villages—Boulder, Ben
Lomond and Felton—each pretty and picturesque in its own
fashion,and each so environedwith the beauty of hillside and forest

and stream that it has made for itself hundreds of lovers throughout
the Coast who make annual pilgrimages hither for a month or
more of the unique delights of outdoor summer life.

The original reason for being of these villages was—lumber. Each
of them is an evolution from a primitive logging camp. Boulder, the
farthest and highest of the three, was built at the junction of Boulder
Creek and Bear Creek with the San Lorenzo. \Vhen the sawmill fol—
lowed the logger’s ax, they built a flume; the lumber went down 011
the flume, and the people came up on the stage coach or 011 the quarter
deck of a mountain pony.

Then, as the tall timber fell before the woodsman, and was succeeded
by farm and orchard and vineyard, Boulder grew. It was discovered,
too, by fishermen and hunters, who revel in the sport supplied by
trout stream and cover, and, in their wake came the camper, out on a
prolonged picnic. The flume evolved into a little railway, a feeder,
which leaves the main line of the “narrow gauge” at Felton. \Yith so
many resources Boulder, with its twin village, San Lorenzo, has
become a prosperous mountain village, with several hundred inhabit-
ants, schools, churches, hotels and business establishments in variety.
Besides being the terminus of the “Felton and Boulder Railway,” it
is the starting point of a still more primitive pioneer line, known as
“Doughertys,” which winds still farther onward and upward into the
fastnesses that know no sound sharper than the ax—stroke and the
whistle; and they seem officiously intrusive in that home of solitude.
The Messrs. Dougherty and Middleton are the largest lumbermen in
the district, and their enterprise is directly responsible for many others
which contribute to the prosperity of Boulder. Other citizens who are
pleasantly prominent are eX—Supervisor W. S. Rogers, Supervisor S.
H. Rambo, Messrs. McAbee Bros., mine host Sam Morgan, J. \V.
Peery, genial Dan Hartmann.

The village is named, of course, for the big mountain at
whose foot it nestles. Like the others. it originated as a
lumber camp, and Mr. J. P. Pearce, of Santa Clara. owned a large

mountain

Boulder.

Ben Lomond.

.Felton.

te1rit01\ \\ 1th considerable timber in the little valley. He built and
operated f01 some time a flourishing sawmill; as he cleared the land he
developed many picturesque building spots, several of which became
the property of San Franciscans, who built shooting—lodges and cabins
where they might do a little pleasant loafing. Mr. Pearce’s own sum—
mer home was picturesque and pleasant. Being an “absentee,” he
intrusted his interests largely to Mr. T. L. Bell, who fell in love with
the spot, and has become a landowner there and a promoter of all
sorts of village progress. His own place. Rowardenan, is the prettiest
of all.

One of the loveliest locations in the place was devoted to the Hotel
Ben Lomond and a coterie of cottages. club—house, etc., which have
won more than local fame as one of the most attractive resorts in all
the mountain country. The coming of the little railway added much
to lien Lomond's importance. and, when a “grade” was built from the
foot of the mountain to the summit. the station became the shipping
point for the wine. fruits. and other products of that vastly fertile and
beautiful mountain country.

“here the San Lorenzo makes an abrupt angle. turning to
flow down past the Big Trees and through Powder Mill
Canon to the sea, there lies Felton, all amid orchards, upward—sloping
pastures and grain fields. shadowy groves and oak openings. Besides
the all-persuasive lumber interest, Felton has one more distinctively her
ow11——tl1 at of lime. The extensive quarries and kilns of the H. T.
Holmes and the IXL companies the latter owned by the Messrs. Cerf
—a1e visible f1om ev ery point of v ie\\ on the neai hillsides. lhe quality
Felton has suf—
fered from some quite destructive fires, but it possesses much elasticity,
and its citizens are plucky and co—operative. so it is sure to do the
Phoenix act, no matter how fierce the flames. It has a hotel, church,
flourishing school, livery stables. public hall. and the usual modern
advantages of telephone, telegraph, etc. Its railway station is about a
mile from the village proper. Mr. \Yilliam Russell, Mr. I. N. Hayes,
Mr. \Y. B. Drew. the Stein Mercantile Cmnpany and Mr. Joseph Ball
have been active promoters of Felton's welfare. Like its pretty neigh—
bors, ifelton is a famous camping center, and is headquarters for
anglers and other sportsmen. In fact, the village counts so safely on

 

of the product is excellent and the shipments large.

.a large contingent of summer—comers that a regular business is made
of providing for their needs, their pleasures, and even their whims.
The San Lorenzo is dammed and harnessed to afford a swimming
pool, dancing platforms are built, large spaces are graded and especi—
ally arranged for the building of the little canvas cities that grow up in
a day and have a butterfly existence through the summer weeks. The
village tradesmen and the ranchers who sell butter. milk, cream, eggs,
fruit and vegetables are hardly able to supply the demand, so they are
supplemented by butcher, baker and grocer carts all the way from
Santa Cruz. From Felton, as a sort of center, all along the Felton
and Boulder Railway, up every gulch and canon, and along every
creek and branch, these summer birds of passage tlutter down and set
up housekeeping with as little apparent effort as the real birds.
Scott’s After the secularization of the missions, which occurred,
Valley. by order of General liliguero, in 1835, there came, in Cali~
fornia’s brief age of romance, a little time of picturesque life, the era
of those great estates, the Spanish grants. and the golden days of dons,
sefioras, vaqueros and dark—eyed girls with pretty Spanish diminu—
tives for names which were like spoken music.

In Santa Cruz County the big ranchos were especially fertile and
lovely, and the red—tiled adobe ((1503 were scenes of many a festivity.
many an unwritten story of love and adventure. There was old
Joaquin Castro. He himself was granted the raneho of San Andreas
in 1833, While his sons and daughters fared equally well. Rafaelle had
the Aptos rancho; Martina, who married a l)epeaux, had the Soquel,
an I, later, the Augmentation: another sister, who married the Russian,
Jose Bolcoff, had lil Refugio, now “Moore’s ranch"; while to Maria
(le los Angeles de Castro. who married Joseph Majors, a “gringo”
from Tennessee, was granted the San Agostino, now known as Scott’s
Valley. Mr. Majors—Don lose, by right of adoption—conducted a
tanning business and flouring mill on the San Agostino, and afterward
moved to Santa Cruz, where, on Escalona Heights, he built another
mill, and had a pretty home, now in ruins, but still occupied by his
widow, Maria of the Angels.

\\'hen the happy days of the fandango and the cascarones, [as ’IZOC‘CS
and 103 rodcos, were driven away by the advent of the hated American
gringos, Ed Scott became possessed of a fine portion of land at the
head of the broad and pleasant valley which has since borne his name.
His widow, Mrs. Anna Scott, still lives in the old homestead.

 

IZI

Scott’s Valley was a grand grazing country in the days of the
Spanish cattle, and it still retains its reputation for big grain crops and
rich dairies, while fruit trees and vines are planted and grown success-
fully. The valley is broader and less cafion—like than most of those
in the northern half of the county. The hills on either side are fine in
outline, and the individuality of the redwood trees, here where there is
room to become personally acquainted with them, seems more pro-
nounced. Along the valley road, also, are some of the grandest oak
trees hereabout, and nowhere is there a greater display of winter and
spring wild—flowers.

At the head of the valley, the “old San Jose” road, that first thor—
oughfare across the mountains into the Santa Clara Valley, begins to
ascend the mountain; the hills and the big trees close in and, finally,
the way climbs to the crest of Vine Hill. A branch road leads to Glen—
wood Magnetic Springs; another to beautiful Summer Home Farm,
the Bernheims vineyard and orchard place; still others connect, by
picturesque routes, with several of the stations on the narrow gauge
railway, with B. L. Dakin’s Laurel Glen Fruit Farm, and with Mrs.
T. P. Robb’s sightly Sea View Villa.

The typical and largest dairy in the valley is Spring Vale, D. M.
:Locke’s fine place. His own residence and that of his son, A. M.
Locke, are here; magnificent oaks and pines and well cultivated flower
gardens characterize the place, while its product, the “S. V.” butter, is
strictly gilt—edged, as the newspapers would say.

Another old settler in the valley is A. S. Hicks. William Thompson

and G. M. Shippy are among the prominent residents. It is a district
which offers many attractions.
The larger mountain streams of Santa Cruz County, on their
way from their sources in the mountain tops to the bay or the
broader ocean, carve out for themselves gorges and canons so full of
beauty, so guarded by mountain and cliff forms of noble front and
lofty stature, hiding so many glens and dells, where unnumbered ferns
have filed their homesteads, and so smiling, on their upland slopes,
with vineyards and orchards and little white homes, that one wonders
if in all the world there is any bit of country which so appeals to the
beauty lover and the homeseeker.

A typical cafion is that of the Soquel Creek, which has its source in
numerous springs and tiny streams some 2,000 feet up near the top
of the mother range, and which, after a twisted and tortuous course

Soquel.

of twenty miles or so, finds access to the bay some five miles below
Santa Cruz. Nothing could be more romantic and picturesque than
the drive of sixteen miles which leads from the mineral springs near
the headwaters of the Soquel, and sticks close as a brother to that
stream, which tumbles down, broadening as it goes and cutting its way
soughing of the breeze among the big redwoods, and the trickle of the
same name, and from there flows demurely and calmly out into the
bay at Capitola.

The road is a pretty good one, as mountain roads go; in fact, when
you reflect that it crosses the creek twenty—five times in its brief career,
and most frequently without the aid of a bridge, you are disposed to
regard it as an astonishingly good road under the circumstances.

Somber and still is the forest where the road has its beginning. The
soughing of the breeze among the big redwoods, and the trickle of the
baby creek, only emphasize the quiet; and, though the sunshine lies
warm and bright along the tapering treetops, down there among the
big brown boles of the giants, where the road leads, the brown and
green shadows are only occasionally shot through with a glint of gold.
By and by the canon widens, and, while the road is still shaded, far
away on the right are seen the broad and sunny vineyards of E. E.
Meyers, Hiester, Montgomery, Dr. Goldmann, \Voods, and many
more, where some of the best wines of the country are made, and
where table grapes of the most luscious flavor grow and ripen until
December. Shortly the cafion narrows again, and the traveler devotes
himself to the intricate business of crossing the creek. The detail of
cliff and rock sculpture becomes fascinating, the bold gray stone
heights are frescoed with fern and lichen and moss, the sherry-brown
waters roll and gurgle and fret over boulders and logs, great banks
of “five-finger” ferns wave at the intruder with coquettish grace, wood-
wardias lift their giant fronds along the crested heights, and the inter—
vening patches of redwood forest are diversified with madrones, tan
bark, oaks, water maples, spruce, fir, and a dozen other sorts of
trees.

After this intimate visit with Mother Nature in the very “inner—
most” of her home, the Soquel Canon widens into a valley, smiling
with farms and orchards, poultry ranches and residences of all degrees
of importance. With every downward mile the traveler shakes off
the altitude by the yard, the stream broadens and grows dignified, and,
by and by, passing the paper mills, where the water power of the

122

creek is utilized, one enters the pretty, quiet village of Soquel. There
are schools and churches and homes—many of the latter long estab—
lished. for here and in the vicinity live a number of the pioneers of
Santa Cruz County. Among the oldest residents are the Daubenbis
family. Its patriarch. John Daubenbis, settled in Soquel in 1843. He
and his good wife grew into the very hearts of the people as they came,
family by family. to make their homes in the village. Both are gone
now. John Daubenbis died, honored and beloved, in the past winter
of 1896. Rosedale, the home and fruit farm of another pioneer. A.
Noble, Eagle Cliff. the extensive vineyard of Mrs. H. P. Gregory, San
Juan rancho, the pretty rural place of J. J. Kenny, whose family come
all the way from Toronto, Canada, to enjoy it a part of every year. the
vineyard and winery whence comes the good red wine of Averone,—
all these and a hundred more pleasant homes are outlying attractions
of pretty Soquel, the name of which, according to tradition, is of
Indian origin, but its meaning is lost in the mists of antiquity——an
antiquity at least a century old.

In the Shadow Seventeen miles to the northward from the city of
Of Lama Prieta. Santa Cruz. L‘oma Prieta. one of the highest peaks of
the Coast Range, throws the shadow of its bold front over the most
extensive and most fruitful of the vine and fruit growing sections of

Central California.

The life of the section is centered in numerous little villages,—High—
land and Skyland, two pretty burgs perched high on two peaks of
parallel ranges, and Laurel, Glenwood and \Vright’s Station set deep
down in the pass through the mountains and on the line of the railroad.

The country is much broken. which is. in a way, providential, for it
gives to the grape many sunny hillsides and ridges with warm southern
exposures, while to the hardy, deciduous fruits. such as the apple, it
gives the toughening northern exposure, and the long level swales of
rich soil where the redwood and the fern once grew in rank disorder,
serving no other purpose than to enrich the soil and give fuel and
building material to the early comers.

And in the secluded. sheltered glens and glades the olive, orange
and walnut thrive, as do the small fruits and berries. as they do
nowhere else, for there is plenty of water and plenty of sun. and the
winds from the southward carry nothing but the warmth of the Japan
stream and the. ozone of the redwoods. These give nothing but health
and fruitfulness.

The heavy redwood timber and rank undergrowth is characteristic
of the lower hillsides and valleys; there the rich loam runs from a depth
of three to eleven feet before a clay hardpan is struck. This soil has
been tilled and has yielded rich crops in fruits and berries for years
without fertilization, and. to all app *arances, it is still as rich as when
the first ploughshare cut through the crust.

”)ut the lowlands are not fit for grape growing; the soil is much too
rich and holds the winter's moisture too tenaciously. As a result. the
grapes grown there. although large and meaty, and. in the case of table
grapes, readily marketable. do not fully ripen, and have a low percent—
age of sugar, which makes them worthless as a wine—producing
fruit.

So, for grape raising. the lower levels are being abandoned for wine,
and good wine is the ultimate of the vine in this section.

But higher up. along the sun—warmed ridges. the character of the
soil changes; instead of the rich leaf loam there is a shaley, rocky soil
of endless depth. This. in its uncultivated state. gave life to nothing
but a few scrub oaks and a dense Chaparral. Experience, however,
has proved it the natural home of the grape. The growth is sturdy
and sound, the fruit meaty, large. and sugary, and capable of produc—
ing the highest grades of dry wines.

The two miniature railways which lead from Aptos up into the
heavily timbered fastnesses of Loma l’rieta find their mountain ter-
mini in the little sawmill villages known as Roma Prieta and Valencia.
The former is the seat of the mills and logging camps of the Loma
Prieta Lumber Company, whose resident superintendent. Mr. \Yarren
P. Porter. has a beautiful home in this romantic location, and whose
foreman is \V. I. Ifudner. At Valencia are the mills, etc.. of the F. A.
Hihn Company. Roth villages have good schools. a neat settlement
of houses. a “store” or two, a little hall for public gatherings. and
other comforts of living.

The product of the mills and logging camps consists of redwood
lumber in all its varieties~—the boards, ties, slabs, pickets, railway
ties, telegraph and electric light poles, piles. etc. The rarest and
choicest of all is the redwood “burl,” now known the world over as
one of the richest and most artistic of materials for interior finishings,
door panels, mantels, and other uses. lts beautiful and eccentric fig-
ures and wavy lines. and its susceptibility of the highest polish, make
it greatly sought after.

The lumbermen are a sturdy and worthy class of people, wonder-
fully loyal to their homes and their own especial “mill.” They firmly
believe that “she” can cut more lumber in a given time, finish it better,
and ship it in better shape, than any similar institution in the State. I
shall not soon forget a friendly contest for speed between the mills
of Valencia and Loma Prieta, the first half of which I witnessed. The
race was to be a run of six hours; Valencia began it,with the purpose of
breaking all past records. and a week later Loma Prieta took it up to
beat Valencia and did. I believe, though Loma Prieta was handi—
capped bv the breaking of a cog. which laid her up for repairs an hour
or so in the middle of the run.

:\t Valencia preparations were made, and everything put in ship
shape for a steady pull that should tell what the mill could do. At 6
o’clock A. M. began the race for a record. The big logs, three to four
feet in diameter, straight as a column, and even in size from end to end,
were lifted easily from the reservoir outside the mill by derrick, and
swung upon the carriage, which rolled them swiftly under the circular
saws. No one of them measured less than 1,000 feet of lumber, and
many tallied as high as 1,700 and 1,800 feet. They were cut into
boards, slabs, railway ties and odd pieces, the boards edged and the
whole disposed of with almost lightning speed, but the lumber yard
looked a good deal as if a cyclone had struck it. The product accumu-
lated so fast that, at the last, it had to be pitched wherever it would go.

The scene was intensely exciting. Every man was determined to
break all past records, and the spectators who stood in rows just out—
side the danger line were scarcely less enthusiastic. The speed was
awful. The watches began to come out of pockets, and, as the pon—
derous engines drove the whizzing saws faster and faster, it was as if
a pair of blooded trotters were coming in, neck and neck, on the home
stretch. First, three of the logs were ground up into boards, ties and
slabs in ten minutes; then a single log, measuring considerably over
1,000 feet, went under the saw and came out mince meat in a trifle less
than two minutes. So it went on until the halt was called, and then
the unprecedented record of 143,000 feet, sawed and stored, from 125
logs, in six hours, was declared amid rousing cheers.

Several thousand feet of that product were shipped at once to Aptos,
and thence to fill an order 100 miles distant. In less than twenty—four
hours from the time the big logs floated lazily in the reservoir, the
finished boards were ready for service a hundred miles away.

 

I was not present at the Loma Prieta race, but the figures given were
still higher, the first hour’s cut being 30, 5 53.

Vine A simple name—yet it tells the story of a rarely productive and
H1”- beautiful section of the higher foothill country of this county.

Not so many years ago it was densely covered with ancient red—
woods like almost every square mile of “the range.” In those days.
when the lumberman came and set up, first his logging camp, and
then his lumber mill, and began to cut the whole country into boards
and “split stuff,” leaving a desolation of stumpage and side hill behind
him, it was popularly supposed that the land that was left wasn’t worth
giving away. I suppose the name of the first man who discovered that
here was a new Bordeaux, an Occidental Rhine country, and a para—
dise for the rarest table grapes in the world, is lost in the obscurity of
an antiquity almost a quarter century old. Perhaps, indeed, it was the
discovery of a “syndicate.” It is quite sure that the whole truth about
the Santa Cruz Mountain region as a grape, fruit and wine region has
been, and still is, a matter of evolution; and the end is not yet.

But, of the Vine Hill country, the names of some of the pioneer
grape growers are here set down: The Jarvis brothers—John and
George—Henry Mel, W. W. Waterman, and Ed Fitch. Some of these
still remain, and there are others—George Bram, who, in 1884, planted
cuttings from the wonderful Schloss Johannisberg, imported by Pro—
fessor Klee of the University of California, in his vineyard on Vine
Hill, and, in 1894, took some of the Santa Cruz Johannisberg of ’93
from those same cuttings with him to the Fatherland—the 01d Rhine
country of his birth. With a bottle of his own wine in his little grip—
sack he sat him down in the vine—shaded garden of the Schloss, asked
for the superintendent and cellar man, who presently came to him. He
ordered bottles all around of Schloss Johannisberg of ’92. and after
the three had grown chummy and confidential, Bram opened his grip—
sack, and, without a tremor of fear, his bottle of wine from the sunny
slopes of Santa Cruz,bearing the same name and vintage. It is enough
to say that he astonished the natives. They had no words of praise
strong enough for the delicious white wine from over seas, and
declared that this new-world daughter followed her Rhine—bred mother
very closely in all the qualities that go to make a perfect Johannisberg.

There are in this district, also, the places of Madame Kloss, E. Four—
nier, Charles Monmonnier, Rev. H. S. Foote, and, a little farther down,
those of W. H. Galbraith and W. H. Duke.

124

A writer on Santa Cruz wines speaks of this district as “lying at an
elevation of from 1,000 to 1,500 feet, sloping toward the bay, with
southeast to southwest exposure, absolutely protected from the north.
The friendly soil has as principal components, chalk, silex, argil and
iron. There is perfect immunity from the necessity for irrigation, and
a climate which allows the vintage of the finest table grapes to extend
into December.”

Besides the several sorts of grapes from which the white and red
wines of the country are made—which include Zinfandel, Gray Ries—
ling. Cabernet. Chabano, etc.,—this Vine Hill country is the home of
the rarest and choicest varieties of table grapes—the hothouse dar—
lings of other countries, which are there the luxuries of a favored few,
but are here the everyday food of barefoot little urchins who can hardly
manage the enormous clusters.

It is about as much as a carefully earned reputation for exactness
of statement is worth to try to tell facts and figures concerning the
crops of Black Hamburg, Black Ferrari, Muscat, Rose of Peru, Verdal
and FlameTokay grown in this and other grape districts of this county,
to one who has never seen a vineyard in full bearing. But once having
seen a single vine, with its masses of big clusters, half hidden by the
broad leaves,with their great globules of royal purple,translucent green
or rosy flame—color, measuring from two to three inches in circumfer—
ence, one can never find figures that begin to be adequate to the con-
ditions. From the most prolific sorts, such as Verdal,Mission, Muscat,
Malvoisie, the Jarvis vineyard has often recorded twenty tons to the
acre. The president of the Horticultural Society tells of a visit he
made one day, when he descended unexpectedly upon the pickers, and
saw eighty boxes of grapes, containing twenty—five pounds to the box,
taken off thirty—one vines. He saw many Verdals that were carrying
at least seventy pounds to the vine. Other vineyards are not a whit
behind this, but I happen not to have figures from them {ghand In
1,000 pounds of Santa Cruz grapes scarcely one pound of unripe or
rotten fruit requires cutting out, growth has been so vigorous and
ripening so unchecked. Thi. continuous ripening, by our long
stretch of equable summer temperature. and clear, straight, undiluted
sunshine, is one of our chief and unquestionable advantages.

The most direct approach to \Vine Hill is by way of Blackburn
Gulch, a picturesque little cafion and valley, through which the Bran-
ciforte creek runs down. All the way along are pleasant homes, with

orchards and grain fields running to the tops of the bordering hill—
sides, while there is also much timber country and miles of shaded,
romantic road with fern—lined rivulets to cross at every turn, and other
roads branching off, with finger-boards to tell you that they lead to
“Fontenay,” “Bella Vista,” “Klossheimer,” “Union,” “Killfassett,” and
other vineyards belonging to the Vignerons whom I have mentioned.

The entrance to Blackburn Gulch is past the finely wooded estate,
De Laveaga Heights, a part of which was bequeathed by Senor De
Laveaga to Santa Cruz for a park. The estate is not yet distributed.
The almost historic place of the late Judge Rice lies on this road, and
the artistic country seat of General Hunting.

The whole trip is a delight to the visitor.

The Meyer All these great gifts of soil and climate are by no means
Vineyafd- wasted upon an unappreciative or unworthy people. The

folk who here make the ground to pay are, as a rule, an intellectual,
well-educated people, thrifty and industrious in the working of their
properties, but not sacrificing the soul to the daily dollar. To the
casual observer there would seem to be a school and a church at every
bend in the road; they have their Grange, with a handsome meeting
hall; during the summer months they have their summer school, con—
ducted by the faculty of Stanford University, where they are all enabled
to hear excellent lectures in economics, politics and other branches that
interest them in a more or less direct way, while their social inter—
course is as pleasant, and as productive of good, as can be found in or
out of town anywhere.

To return to the raising of the grapema more comprehensive idea
may be given by taking, as representative of the vine—growing inter—
ests, the vineyards of E. E. Meyer & Son.

The Meyers have a vineyard and a home typical of the many that
are in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Nestled snugly under the south
brow of the main ridge of Loma Prieta, and nearly under the mountain
itself, they have a superb View of the beautiful bay of Monterey and
its picturesque shores, of the intervening lower broken ridges, and of
the little towns clustered here and there along the coast. Here they
have under cultivation over seventy acres of vines, given over almost
wholly to the wine grape. These acres are of the same deep shaley soil
spoken of earlier, and since the arrival here of the Meyers, eleven
years ago, their vines have yielded them an average yearly crop of five

tons per acre. To handle this crop they have built them a winery of

 

125

a capacity of 6,000 gallons, but as the vines have grown older and the
value of the soil more fully developed, they have found the present
wine—making apparatus inadequate to their needs, and are about to
build a larger plant with a capacity of 250,000 gallons. With the larger
plant, Mr. Meyer will be able to handle not only his own grapes, but
those that he buys from smaller producers in that section.

In speaking of wine making generally, Mr. Meyer said: “Not long
after I came here I found that the deep shaley soil of the ridges was
best adapted to both table and wine grapes. We make little, if any,
of the sweet wines, as we are not able to compete with the southern
country in that respect, but in the dry wines we have the quality and
the market. Buyers and consumers have said that our dry wines are
as good as the best. However that is, I know that the buyers always
come to us; we never go to the buyers.”

All of the vineyards in the near vicinity of the Meyer property, and
on the main ridge of Lorna Prieta, are given over to the growing of
wine grapes. -

Among these wine—producing properties are the Haester, Mont—
gomery, Fidell, Lincoln, Humphreyville and Freeborn ranches.

The raising of the table grape is the chief industry of the growers of
the lower parallel ridges. The fruit there attains large size, ripeness,
and full flavor.

It is theiopinion of Eastern buyers that Santa Cruz County produces
the best late—shipping grapes of the State. Despite the frequent hand-
ling necessary in transit, the fruit arrives at the Eastern and European
markets in excellent shape, and generally holds first place in point of
price.

Among the table grapes grown are the Cornichon, Black Ferrari,
Rose Peru and Hamburg (black), and the Muscat, Verdal and Sweet—
water, white grapes, besides Royal Isabella, a delicious variety, an
improvement on the Eastern Isabella, and all the other marketable
sorts.

Among the largest producers here are the Jarrett & Whitman
ranch, Professor Carl Allen, Mrs. M. B. Norton, E. F. Adams, the
Millers, and M. C. King. There are many others who grow the grape
in a smaller way.

“See Venice and die!” said a weary traveler and satiated
sightseer as he gazed on the graceful spires and minarets
rising from the azure sea. “See Capitola and live!” cry the health-

Capitals.

seeker and lover of nature upon the first visit to Capitola, the lovely
resort situated in its picturesque environs on- the Bay of Monterey
about four miles from Santa Cruz. The very location would make
Capitola a favored place with the devotee of nature’s charms. Located
in a protected cove where the Soquel Creek pours its sparkling waters
into the bay, it is completely sheltered from disagreeable winds and
enjoys comparative immunity from fogs, while at the same time the
balmy atmosphere is rendered fresh and salubrious by the pleasant
breezes from the bay. Capitola lies where a delightful view may be
gained of the foothills and mountains, while Loma Prieta’s summit
rising in the distance lends added enchantment to the View. Since
Capitola was established as a resort by F. A. Hihn, in 1876, every
measure and precaution in the way of sanitation has been taken to
enhance if possible its natural health—insuring conditions. It possesses
a perfect system of sewerage, and pure mountain water is supplied to
the town by the Hihn Company’s water works.

With the growth of popularity incident to the greater knowledge
acquired regarding this entrancing spot, all its natural beauties have
been preserved, and the great improvements which have become
necessary in the past few years have in nowise detracted from the
original picturesque character of this favored locality. In fact, it may
be said that the hand of man has been so intelligently applied as to
bring out more fully the advantages so bountifully showered by nature
on Capitola. The wealthy and refined people of the metropolis and
adjacent towns had only to have their attention directed to this seaside
gem to enable them to see and appreciate its pre—eminent advantages
as a place of summer residence. Modest cottages and pretentious
villas have been constructed in the countless desirable locations. Dur—
ing the summer it is a scene of the liveliest and most joyous activity.
Capitola is, first of all, a bathing place. Its curving beach is not ex—
celled by any in the State, and is thronged during the season with
thousands of people eager to enjoy its well—known facilities.

Next to being the bather’s it is the angler’s paradise, and the
disciple of Izaak \Valton may find in the waters of Soquel Creek and
the Bay of Monterey ample reward for the exercise of the rod. Since
the commencement of the present phenomenal run of salmon to this
coast, at no point has the sport been more keenly enjoyed or better
rewarded than at Capitola. Every morning from thirty to fifty boats
can be seen on the waters of the bay in front of Capitola filled with

eager sportsmen enjoying the exciting salmon fishing. Fish weighing
from ten to thirty pounds are no uncommon sight. This splendid
sport with the salmon now being enjoyed at Capitola is not a new ,
thing. The Olympian, in August, 1880, published an article which
contained the following:

“The presence of salmon in large numbers in the Bay of Monterey
was first known to the guests of the Hotel del Monte just after the
Fourth of July, but was not taken advantage of until the twelfth inst.,
when a boat containing ex—Governor Low, A. C. Tubbs, A. L. Tubbs
and A. E. Head engaged in the sport. The sea was so rough on that
date, and some of the party so ill from seasickness, that fishing con—
tinued for only three-quarters of an hour. During that time five large
fish were taken. On the next and succeeding days of the week the
sport was engaged in, from three to five boats being out daily. The
number of salmon taken ranged from fifty fish upward until the
eighteenth inst., when only six were caught. Since then the fishing

. has been indifferent.”

127677

From the foregoing it will appear that the run of salmon closed at
about the same time as it promised to do this year. The tackle first
used in 1880 was the regular fishermen’s lines, with large hooks baited
with a strip of the silver belly of a perch, the bait being tied on the
line just above the hook. This was afterward changed, and linen
braided lines and large spoons with red and white feathers above the
hook were used. Later, says the Olympian. A. C. Tubbs used a similar
rod, line and reel to that used by Pasque Island and other fishing clubs
on the New England scacoast fishing for striped bass. Mr. Tubbs
reported this method very successful and a vast improvement over
fishing with hand lines.

It must not be inferred that Capitola fishermen are limited to
“phenomenal runs” of salmon. The waters of Soquel Creek and
of the bay are alive with the many varieties of the finny tribe,
and superb sport in the piscatorial line may always be depended
upon. From what has been said it will be readilv inferred that
the most extensive facilities exist for boating, and this pleasant
recreation is one of the chief delights of Capitola. In fact. it mav be
said without reservation that no accessory of a well—regulated sunimer
resort is wanting. The town contains a thoroughly equipped hotel, a
skating rink, hot salt—water baths, etc., and has its own station on the
line of the Southern Pacific Company.

The School Trustees of Santa Cruz.

Ill“. lioard of School ’J‘rustees of Santa Cruz consists of Senator
llart liurke, l)r. l’ierce B. l‘agen. and (,7). J. Lincoln. These gen—
tlemen serve without pay. and their administration of school
affairs throughout the district is another illustration of the truth

that tmsalaried offices are often, if not always, better administered than
salaried offices. ;\n office which has neither salary. fees nor per—
quisites attached does not possess any attractiveness for the
professional politician. Removed from the baneful effects of
wire—pulling and trickery. the citizens invariably look about
for some one who will fill the position with faithfulness and
honor. The office hunts the man, and the result is that
the man is one who takes pleasure in the pet‘fr'n'mance of
dttty, who gives his time and talents freely to the public
service, and who renders to his fellow-citizens. from
motives of civic and personal pride. such a careful.
conscientious and resultful administra-
tion of official duty as no mere sum
of money could buy.

Of the three members of
the Board, Mr. liagen is
perhaps the most widely
known. 1701' nearly half
a century he has been a
resident of California,
having come with the
other argonauts of flu)
and ’50. For twenty

years and more he has

Hon. Bart Burke.

practiced medicine in
Santa Cruz, and has been the friend. the confidant. and the professional
adviser, of thousands.
ished character. and of great kindness.

lie is a gentleman of large means, of unblem—
More than one successful
man owes all that he is to the generous aid quietly given by the old
doctor. More than one deserving young man has he helped along the
path that runs from the starting point of earnest endeavor to the goal
of sttecess and good fortune. The interests of the public schools are
very close to his heart, and he has never spared any effort or labor or

 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  

Dr. P. B. Fagen.

time to forward the progress of the educational system of this county.
He has been elected and re—elected to the position 'of trustee, and the
only time that there was ever any show of opposition to him, owing
entirely to local complications not affecting in any way his personality;
the friends of the doctor rallied to his support with the utmost
enthusiasm, and he was returned by a rousing majority in a heavy
poll. Dr. l7agen has heavy property interests in Santa Cruz
tfounty, and he realizes that the truest economy is that which
provides liberally from the public treasury for the wholesome
education of the young. He considers the taxes paid by
him for the support of the schools a wise and good invest-
ment, and he gives with the same feeling his time and
his experience to the same object. An aged though hale
and hearty man, he will leave behind him, in the natural
order of things, in a few more years, his possessions
and his money. And, among
all the recollections which his
children will cherish with.
pride, none will be more
dear than the thought of
the good work wrought
by him as a guardian and
trustee of the free school
system of this city. That
alone is a sufficient monu-
ment to keep any man’s
memory lasting in the
land.

Senator Bart Burke is
well known in California outside of the boundary lines of Santa Cruz
County. A Democrat of the old—fashioned, rock—ribbed and unterrified
sort, an orator of great natural powers and high repute, he has long
been prominent in the councils of his party, and his advice is sought
and heeded in every important campaign. Representing in the Senate
of the State the counties of Santa Cruz and San Mateo, he made a
legislative record for himself of which his constituents are proud. The
same zeal, good sense and executive ability which have carried him to

 

O. J. Linco|n.

the fore in State affairs have been applied by him to the conduct of
school business in his own city, and the result of his and his colleagues'
labors is the splendid system which ranks second to that of no county
in the State. Senator Burke is a lawyer of ability and repute. and the
School Board is thus fortunate in having in its membership the very
best legal as well as medical knowledge and experience.

0. J. Lincoln, the third member of

the Board of Trustees, is one of the
most popular men in the city. He
has always taken a strong interest
in educational matters, and upon his
shoulders has rested the greater part
of the routine work of the Board.
Mr. Lincoln is a veteran of the Civil
\Nar. a Republican in politics, and
was for many years Clerk of the City
of Santa Cruz and Superintendent of
its water system. He is a business
man of honorable reputation, a good
citizen, an exemplary pattern of
sobriety, modesty and industry in
private life, and as a member of the
Board of Trustees has done much
service to the community in which
he lives, and in which he is so de-
servedly popular.
An important feat—
ure of Santa Cruz
County is the country school ma’am.
Outside of the cities of \Vatsonville
and Santa Cruz, there are fifty—six
women teachers and seven men
teachers; so that the country schools depend just eight times as much
upon the school ma’ams as upon the school masters. and I may feel
justified in taking the former for my topic.

This little band of women. the majority of whom are youthful even
to girlhood, are quietly and most modestly doing a very great work.
Their deeds will never be emblazoned in letters of gold upon the
scroll of fame; indeed, it has not been an easy thing to get them to

Country
School Ma’ams.

 

Some of our School Ma’ams.

talk to me of themselves for the small story I wished to write about,
them in this book; but. all the same, they are true missionaries and
pioneers; they are and have been helping to lay the foundation of a
commonwealth: and they are building better than they know,+better
than any one. save here and there a close observer, knows or appre—
ciates. ;\ll honor to these noble and lovable women. '

liar up along the ridges of High—
land and Skyland and Summit, be—
neath the tall redwoods of Loma
l’rieta and Ben Lomond; away be-
yond Boulder, where only the log-‘
ger's axe breaks the silence in fruit-
ful valleys and in flowerful canons;
along the bare and rather bleak roll—
”. ing grazing lands of the “coast”;
amid the sunny slopes of the vine
country. and beside the lonely
mountain roads, perch the tiny
school-houses. more than half a
hundred of them, which are truly the
temples of a new civilization, over
': whose sacred rites these young
priestesses preside. The school—
house is the social. moral. intel—
lectual. patriotic. and. often. the
spiritual center of its district. \Vithin
its walls the children are trained in.
the prescribed courses of study; there
they are taught the rudiments of the
duties. the rights and the privileges
of citizenship: there large numbers
of foreign little ones. many of whom
can speak not one word of English when they enter. are transformed
by a gentle alchemy into Americans. possessing American methods of
thought. and having a love for their adopted country planted and
growing thriftily in their small breasts: there are instilled lessons in
loving and giving. in careful observation of the broad book of nature
opening its pages genermisly all about them. in the gentle amenities
and politenesses of civilized life. in the duty of each one to his neigh—

bor, and, often, albeit unconsciously. the pupils gather and garner the
beginnings of a still higher and nobler spiritual life.

For all this work these girl teachers need a careful training. a
special equipment. and each year the standard of fitness is raised a
little. Many of them have graduated from the high schools of this or
adjoining counties: many have taken subsequent courses in the State
Normal School or other higher institutions; all gather once every
year. with the other teachers of the county. at an institute. where a
week is spent in training. in
consultation, and in listening
to the lectures of
educators.

In Santa Cruz County, as
elsewhere in California, the
country schools are graded
as carefully as those of \Yat—
sonvill\ and Santa Cruz. if
there are but a dozen pupils

leading

they may represent every one
of the nine grades. and each
one such tllor~.
that; if
without warn—
of the
schools. he could go into the
corresponding

must be in

ough training he
should remove
ing to

either city

grade next
morning. open the self—same
book at the self—same page
which he closed yesterday,
and go on with the day's

wor< amid his new surr0und~

ings as if he had grown there. From these country schools the pupil
may graduate at the end of his course and receive his grammar—grade

certificate in due form; and just as much care is bestowed upon the
graduating class of one away up in the remotest summit district as
That

all this means trained, skillful. and unceasing professional work on the

upon the dozen or more in the larger school of the town or city.

part of the teacher, every educator, at least. will readily understand.
A professor of the California State Normal School. at San J0se. who.

 

The Santa Cruz County Courthouse.

129

not very long ago. made an observant and studious tour among the
schools of the Eastern States. came back with his heart full of pride
for the California country schools. He said to the teachers of the
Santa Cruz County Institute that while the city schools, East and
\\'est. did not differ materially. the outside schools in the East, espe—
cially in the remote districts. he found very generally to be wholly
ungraded and so heterogeneous in the instruction imparted that it
would be hard to tell where any pupil belonged if separated from his
environment.

This satisfactory and com—
mendable status of our coun—
try schools-speaks in no un—
certain tone of the admirable
executive ability, the devoted
attention and care of the Su—
perintendent. J. \V. Linscott,
who for ten years has been
at the head of the Santa Cruz
County schools.

Into the country homes,
too. these yotmg women
teachers are carrying refine—
ment and better methods of
doing and thinking. If there
is a social reunion. “the
teacher” must be there, and
very Often it is held in the
school—house. She is ex—
pected to teach. and perhaps
to organize a Sunday-school
class or two, and, very possi—
bly, to preside over the Christian Endeavor Society. When the min—
ister comes out and preaches at the school—house she must play the
organ and lead the choir: if there is a school flag or a school library or
an organ to be purchased, or even an addition to be built to the school-
house, there must be an “entertainment” gotten up to raise the money,
and besides the coffee and cake there must be a “programme,” and the
little teacher must arrange it, and teach the songs and the “pieces,” and
be the spirit and the promoter of the whole thing; while, if the young

folks want a dance afterward, she must not be too straight—laced to join
it if she knows how, and, at least. must look on approvingly.

That is a proud and happy day when the school first owns a National

flag; then there comes a “flag-raising."

and the whole country—side

redwootl flag‘stalli. with uncoyered heads and uplifted hands they give
the "salute," and swear unswerying' fealty to their country.

And. while the girls teach, they are taught; and they are growing
into a broad. self—sacrificing and noble womanhood, which promises

 

A Picturesque Road

turns out; the Superintendent comes up from Santa Cruz with an ora—
tion; the children bring flowers almost by the ton; they march, and
speak patriotic pieces, and sing National songs out in the pure sweet
mountain air; and then, when Old Glory rises to the top of the tail

I fit)

on the Lowlands.

much for their nation's future. It is seldom that there is an unworthy
one; the inefficient ones usually drop out of their own accord, and a
sort of natural selection raises the standard of character as well as of
intellectual equipment as the years go by.

Cbesnotwoodps Business College

An institution of which Santa Cruz is justly proud is Chesnutwoml's ‘ Pacific avenues; the main study hall is a very large apartment, thor-
Business College. a commercial school which has acquired a national ‘ oughly and comfortably equipped, while the offices are handsome
reputation. which has its graduates in England, in Mexico. in Central ‘ and complete in every respect. The membership was never so

 

 

if

it, '\

 

 

America, in eleven of the States cast of the Rocky Mountains, and large, nor the condition of the college so flourishing as at the present
everywhere on the Pacific Coast. writing.

Founded in a very modest way, in Santa Cruz, February 4th, 1884. Two banks, one for domestic business and one for foreign exchange,
the progress of Chesnutwrmd's college has been steady and uninter— are in constant operation. In the latter, the students become profi-
rupted. It is centrally located in the llihn Block, corner \Yalnut and cient in rapidly and correctly computing the value of United States

131

money in the currencies of all the principal countries of the world. and
exchanging them. The student enters active business as soon as he
enters the college doors. Prof. _I. A. Chesnutwood. the proprietor
and principal. has gradually but persistently raised the standard of
study and method toward his own high ideal. until all theory has been
abandoned in favor of practical commercial work. while classes and
text—books are unknown. Individual instruction enables the pupil to
progress as rapidly as his talents will permit: he keeps his own set of
books. different from all the others, transacts a business of his own and
graduates at any time when he has satisfactorily finished the course.
without waiting for any one else.

the The
college is Open to ladies as well as

Co—education 15 rule.
gentlemen. and some of the most
brilliant graduates have been young

girls who are now in successful
business positions.

The business of the college. in-
cluding the banks. is based on that
of the commercial world of
date. Current market reports gov—

ern college prices. and the banks are

CVC‘II

in touch with actual institutions of
the kind. No rusty methods are
taught. and. when a Chesnutwood
student goes into commercial life.
he has nothing to unlearn.

Santa Cruz offers a delightful
home to those who come here to
study. and many families who came here to give their children the
advantages of the college have ended by adopting the place as a perma—
nent residence. For those in moderate circumstances comfortable
rooms and board are found at the most reasonable rates. The salu—
l)rious and equable climate. the sea—bathing and the opportunity for
out—door life all conduce to the continued good health of the student.

.\ very neat journal is published by the college each month. In
this journal are contained full details of terms. curriculum. etc. .\
copy of the same can be procured at any time by addressing l’rof. _l. .\.
Chesnutwood. Santa Cruz.

 

Santa Cruz Fire Company.

The Santa Cruz Santa Cruz has possessed a model fire department for
Fire Department. several years. and there has not been in all that time
any serious contiagration. with the single exception of the great fire
ofi.\p1‘ll. 18()4. In an unfortunate and disastrous coincidence. it so
happened that the bursting of the great main at the reservoir occurred
engaged in
\Vith the
water supply disabled the firemen could do but little except to aid

almost simultaneously with the fire. \\'orkmen were

repairing the broken main when the first blaze broke out.

citizens in removing goods from threatened buildings and in pouring
water. handled in buckets. on the roofs adjacent. Crippled as they
were. the firemen made a gallant
fight for the safety of the town and
with the improvised means at hand
actually did confine the fire to one
side of the principal street.

The result of the "big fire."
Santa Cruzans call that blaze. was
The burned district was

as

two~fold.
rebuilt with handsome edifices. and
the equipment and drill of the fire
department becam * an object of the
So efficient
has the department been made and

llltJSl anxious COIICL‘I‘ll.

kept that no fire of importance has
since occurred. while time and again
fire which threatened from its loca-

fiw-a'

tion and start to wipe out blocks

has been extinguished before it

could destroy a single building.
The pressure in the mains of the city water system is ample to throw a
stream over most buildings in the town. and with the modern appa-
‘atus and splendid discipline of the department. the danger of serious
contiagrations is reduced almost to zero.

The quarters of the department are in the l‘ilot Club building on
Church Street. in the heart of the town. The part of the building occu—
pied was built expressly for the fire department. and lacks nothing in
the way of convenience that experience could suggest. The engines
and horses and hose carts are housed in roomy apartments. with all

electrical and other needed appliances. The men's sleeping quarters

are directly overhead. and when the alarm sounds they swarm down
the “pole” and hit the floor almost before their eyes are well opened.

The department is under the command of Chief l’rank \V. lily. a
leading business man. who gives his time and attention to the work
from pure pride and interest in it. rather than from any allurement of
salary. Chief lily is a strict disciplinarian. and 11* allows no disobe—
dience or shirking. Though so strict in maintaining a high standard
of discipline. he is warmly liked by the men, and when. on account of
the demands of private business. he recently tendered his resignation
to the Mayor and Common Council. the universal protest of the city
officials. the press and the citizens generally was echoed by every man
in the department. and Mr lily was induced to withdraw the resigna—
tion and remain in command.

In the old days of volunteer departments. the Santa Cruz teams were
dangerous antagonists in the tournaments then common. .\ “fire—
men’s tournament" in those days was cause for no end of excitement.
lior weeks before the great day. nothing was discussed but the chances
The \Yest has

of the various teams. Times have changed since then.

become more refined and imbued with liastern ideas of culture. It
now eschews firemen's tournaments and attends prize-fights. llut

before the precept and example of that eminent son of Massachusetts.
the Hon. John L. Sullivan. had corrupted our primal innocence out
here. the most exciting amusement indulged in was the races between
the hook and ladder teams and the hose teams of different burgs.
l9rom far and wide the spectators gathered to cheer their champions on
.\nd. when the day was done. with what
wild exultation was the winning team embraced individually and col—

to heart—breaking endeavor.

lectively by mothers. fathers, brothers. sisters and—well. other folks'
sisters. \Vhat speeches were made at the succeeding banquet! flow
the eagle spread his wide wings and soared into the fourteenth heaven
of eloquence! lt was a homely amusement of plain. sturdy folk. who
knew little and cared less of football. tennis and golf. but it was a brave.
manly sport. calling for courage. speed of foot, clearness of eye. and the
heart to do or die. To the enthusiastic pride of the old volunteer fire—
men in their organizations is due in great measure that strong esprit d1!
corp: which makes the department of to—day such an effective machine
for the protection of the community. The complete equipment and
the unfailing promptness and energy of the Santa Cruz fire department

is one reason why insurance rates are so very low in this eity.—an

b)

advantage which every business man and property—holder is quick to
appreciate, and a circumstance which adds just that much more to the
value of every building in the City of the Holy Cross. Santa Cruz is
proud of its firemen and of their unbroken record of good and faithful
service.

Pilot Hose
Company.

This organization has for fifteen years been a notable
institution of Santa Cruz. and for a long time was as
prominent in its role as a social club as it was efficient in its service as
a hOse company.

l’ilot Hose was organized May 26, 1880. by the flower of the young
men of Santa Cruz. On many a fiery field and in several hard—fought
tournaments ,with neighboring companies they proved themselves
alike invincible. while in social matters the club easily led, and the
pleasant “Pilot Parlors" were the rendezvous of society people and the
scene of many a joyous festivity.

The company. its cart. hose and other appurtenances were first
housed in a very modest and cheap rented building, but in 1884 the
l’ilots became land-holders and house—liol(lers.——the proud possessors
of a convenient two—story building on Pacific Avenue, the ground floor
used as a hose—house and the second story as club rooms, with billiard
table. piano, sideboard and all other appurtenances thereunto belong—
ing. while a commodious gymnasium was also fitted up.

But in 1894 the accumulated treasures of fourteen years, endeared
by many pleasant associations. went up in the flame and smoke of the
great fire, and the Pilots were homeless—not for long. however.
After mature deliberation. the lot on Pacific Avenue was sold and
another purchased on Church Street near the avenue. A committee of
members were appointed as Building Trustees. These were Henry F.
Kron. president: I“. \\'. Ely, Robert Effey. W. C. Hoffmann. _l. Ho.
liailey. .lohn Severio and I“. A. Sweeney. By the time a year had
elapsed. the present very handsome building was completed. It is two
stories in height. 40 feet front and 83 feet depth, built of pressed brick
and iron. in terra—cotta color and dark green. On one side of the
arched entrance is the headquarters of the city fire department. while
the other side is occupied as the office of the llig Creek Electric Power
Company. On the second floor the two large apartments in front are
elegantly furnished, one as a reception room, the other as a billiard
room. Across the rear of the building stretches the gymnasium and
dancing room. 30x40 feet in dimensions. while baths, card-rooms and

“All the comforts of a home” are to be found within the substantial
walls.

Robert Effey, the first foreman, held that office for twenty-one suc-
cessive terms. He was succeeded by F. W. Ely, who was foreman six
terms, when Mr. Effey was again elected, served two terms, and was
succeeded by Henry F. Kron, the present president. F. W. Ely is
now chief engineer of the city. fire department and C. E. Lilly,
assistant.

J. Ho. Bailey, now of San Francisco, was for many successive terms

secretary, and W. H. Duke the treasurer. The present officers are as
follows: H. F. Kron, president; C. H. Bernheim, vice—president; L.
L. Fargo, secretary; trustees, D. “7. Grover, F. W'. Ely, John Severio,
Wm. C. Hoffmann.
The Theaters The city of Santa Cruz has two theaters which have not
Of Santa Cruz- their equal in any town of the same size on the Pacific
Coast. The theater-going part of the population is composed of culti—
vated and refined persons, who are satisfied with nothing short of the
best plays, presented by the best companies. Such plays draw remark—
able houses, when the size of the city is taken into consideration. And,
on this account, the theaters themselves are remarkable for their seat—
ing capacity, stage room, and artistic finish and adornment.

The Opera House, owned and managed by Mrs. Benjamin Knight,
is an elegantly appointed amusement place. Nothing is lacking which
is found in the first—class houses of the metropolis. Under Mrs.
Knight’s liberal and wise policy of booking the very best companies,
the greatest actors of America who have appeared on this coast have
presented their parts behind the footlights 0f the Santa Cruz Opera
House. Here have appeared the great tragedians in the dramas of
Shakespeare; and here, in highest comedy, have the best of the fun—
makers won the applause of hundreds. It would, indeed, be a revelation
to those innocent folk who think of California as Bret Harte portrays
it, could they suddenly step from their Eastern homes into the midst
of the refined and elegantly dressed audiences which crowd the Opera
House when a Ward or a James delineates the characters of the master,
or when a Remenyi interprets the compositions of the great composers.
The California of Bret Harte, it may be remarked, never did exist
save in his imagination. Certainly there is not the slightest trace of it
in the cultivated, educated and refined communities which dot the

Golden Slope. --.

 

134

The Palm Theater is a unique creation. It is the enormous pavilion

in which the annual ball of the beautiful carnival season is held, seated,
staged and arranged as a theater of the first—class. There is seating
room for 3,000 people. Think of that for a city of 9,000 inhabitants!
The stage is larger than any in San Francisco or Los Angeles, with one
single exception, and it equals that in dimensions. The stock scenery
and drop curtains are the handiwork of Professor William Lemos, and
he has exhausted his remarkable artistic ingenuity on these works of
his brush. It may give some idea of the love of the play in Santa Cruz
to record the fact that when the Corinne Extravaganza Company
opened the Palm Theater, even its enormous seating capacity was taxed
to the utmost.
How to reach the Pacific Coast is a matter which
should be studied carefully before the west—bound
journey is undertaken, giving preference to scenic and interesting
routes which are relieved from dreariness of prairie dogs and an
occasional squalid Indian only. It is preferable to visit Denver, Colo-
rado, to which all trunk lines lead, and from where begins, on the
western journey, a scene of wonder and enjoyment, via the Denver and
Rio Grande Railroad, passing through Colorado Springs, through the
Grand Canon of the Arkansas, thence over Marshall Pass, down
through the Black Canon of the Gunnison, on to Grand Junction,
where the Rio Grande \Vestern takes up the train in its passage to the
\Yest, rushing through the imposing Castle Gate, up through winding
canons to the apex of the \Vasatch Range, thence down through
“Mormonland” to the beautiful city of Salt Lake and on to
Ogden.

Another route from Denver is via the Union Pacific Railway, which
passes through Cheyenne, Laramie and other cities, over the Conti—
nental Divide, down through the beautiful canon of the \Veber t0
Ogden. Here in waiting is found the well—equipped Southern Pacific
train, which takes up the western trend, skirting the northern end of
America’s “Dead Sea"—the great Salt Lake: up and up to Promon—
tory, thence down through the valley of the Humboldt, picturesque in
its diversity, until the base of the Sierra Nevada Mountains is reached,
over which, from frost—bitten, snow—covered lands, the tourist finds
himself in the rose—scented climate of California.

From Sacramento the Southern Pacific leads directly south to Santa
Cruz.

How to Come
to Santa Cruz.

A Sketch of the Meuntafinso

HE following vivid picture of the Santa Cruz Mountains is from
the pen of Josephine Clifford McCrackin, and was prepared for
the Resources of Califm'm'a.

To say that this mountain ridge
of Santa Cruz County would be saying very little, for the county is
small, and fair throughout. To say that it is the fairest spot in all
California would be nearer the truth, but many’s the time when tour—
ists, far traveled through Europe and America, have so gone into
ecstaeies over the View of bay and ocean, vine—clad slope and tree—
crowned hill, that I have said to myself, “It must be the fairest spot
on earth.” True, we have no snow—glittering peak rising above the
summer-green mountains, but the Bay of Monterey, with its blue
waters, environed by forests on this side, overshadowed by the Gabilan
Hills, and the Santa Lucia chain on the other, has been proclaimed,
time and again, a perfect image of some of the Swiss and Italian lakes.
No doubt the scenery is less grand than the “Garden of the Gods,”
Yellowstone Park, or Yosemite Valley; but there is a softness and
loveliness about it which makes it far more desirable for everyday
use,—for a home and permanent abiding place.

And for a home we all came here. Some of us have had to hew
it out of the rough, as it were, without means, except stout hearts and
willing hands; others, abundantly supplied with this world’s goods,
had but to await calmly the period when the money invested would
bring interest in the shape of marketable fruit and grapes. But, no
matter under what condition the first stake was driven, we have a
community of which any country might well be proud; for, with very
few exceptions, our people are highly cultured. moral and intelligent.
The Presbyterian Church at \N'rights, the Congregational Church at
Highland, and the Temple Grove Baptist Church, are all ready to
show us the way to heaven; while the Highland and Burrill schools
have fitted many a pupil for the higher honors of college and uni—

of ours is the fairest portion

versity.

Thirty years ago, when the first vine was planted in these moun—
tains by that intrepid pioneer, L. J. Burrill, there seemed little promise
that schools would ever grow up out of the manzanita brush, or
churches stand in the shadow of the great redwood trees. *lut the
Old man was steady of purpose. and had faith in the lands he bought.

135

Soon others came to join him,—VV right, after whom the country here-
abouts is named, and, later, Morrell. These three families, allied by
ties of blood and marriage, were the nucleus around which the com-
munity formed. After these came the Hon. Anson S. Miller, formerly
judge of the Supreme Court of Illinois, and with him are linked the
names of Allen, late president of the Normal School, and Norton,
professor and principal of the same institution. The ridge they settled
on was called Highland by Judge Miller, and by many is held to be
the finest district of the Santa Cruz Mountains.

The vineyards of Burrill, Wrights and Morrell soon gained
notoriety, and, with the building and operating of the South Pacific
Coast Railway, a new era began for the mountains. Hundreds came
to profit by the reputation which the few had already made for the
fruit and the grapes grown on the heights above the fog, where the
sun colors the clusters that grace the table, and puts sugar into the
berries destined for the wine vat. Hillsides were cleared, roads were
made, homesteads built, and to—day one may see, all around in every
direction, the signs of busy life and solid improvement,—orchards
where once the redwood forest stretched unbroken for many miles,
vineyards where the scrubby growth of manzanita once covered all
the mountain tops. About fifteen years ago E. E. Meyer, then pro—
prietor of the Eureka Nurseries, near Golden~Gate Park, headed the
second set of pioneers, so to speak: for we, who came from twelve to
fifteen years ago, feel ourselves as argonauts to those who came later
and more recently. Mr. Meyer bought large tracts of land from Mr.
Burrill, and, of the land he did not set out, sold again, mostly to Ger-
mans. some of whom, more notably F. Haesters, imported grape cut—
tings from the Rhine to plant out vineyards with. Welcomed by the
older settlers, who recognized in Mr. Meyer a spirit of progress mated
with perseverance equal to their own, this gentleman was soon in the
midst of a flourishing vineyard, out of which arises a winery complete
in all its appointments, with a cellar to hold one hundred thousand
gallons. Haesters and Sehraubetatter, in his immediate neighborhood,
have both made wine in smaller quantities, but are enlarging their
facilities as the vineyards grow up. Messrs. Lessman, Gortz, Scholle,
Moller, Schroder, McCrackin, Fidel, Crane, Blake & Hersey, Mont-
gomery, Goldmann, Kugler, all raising small quantities of wine grapes,

sell these to Mr. Meyer, but ship their table grapes to Eastern markets
and to Oregon. Naturally it is only the finer kinds of grapes that
are shipped East, and of those only the very best produced in the
vineyard. These are gone over with the greatest care. every small
berry, every loose or broken one, removed from the cluster.—which
are then packed carefully but firmly into the little square baskets of the
crate. When the service 011 the railroad is good. and the cars are not
sidetracked till the grapes mold or rot. they bring from ten to twelve
cents a pound in the East, especially the Flame Tokay and Purple
Comichoa, which both grow to perfection in the Santa Cruz Moun—
tains. \Verdals, too, are good to ship, and bring good prices: so does
the Black Ferrara, with its long clusters and large berries: but the
grape is coarse, in my estimation, and not to be compared to the
much—maligned Black Malvoisie. and the good old Rose of Peru.
These. however. do not ship well, and bring no price in the East.

Equal to the grape is the French l’rune of the Santa Cruz Moun—
tains; indeed, one may inquire along the rows of commission houses
in San Francisco, or visit the auction rooms of California fruit in the
Eastern States,and in each case find that the fruit and grape of the Santa
Cruz Mountains still brings a cent or two more for the pound than the
fruits or grapes of any other section of our State. At the same time
there are only certain kinds which we claim to grow finer here than
elsewhere, and the apricot. I grieve to say. is not among them. But
cherries, peaches. figs, apples. pears. plums and prunes are magnifi—
cent; olives do well; lemons and oranges thrive only in a few sheltered
spots: walnuts, almonds. chestnuts and Japanese persimmons bear
full crops and pay well. Neither vegetables nor berries are grown
much here; only Mr. Montgomery, on the lower county road. one of
the oldest and best—known settlers. has all these things together. He
is the only one among us who comes anywhere near to general farm—
ing: for outside of orchards and vineyards he has hay fields. vegetable
gardens and berry patches. raising the largest and finest of everything
that he undertakes to raise at all. Mr. Kugler adjoins. and follows Mr.
Montgomery on a smaller scale.

That the land is not held in large tracts is. perhaps. one reason why
this is a place of ideal homes. Hundreds of people live here who farm
from twenty to thirty acres. even when they possess a good many
more. Many have less than this under cultivation and still do well.
Not that it is more difficult or more costly to "run a ranch" here than

 

season of the year.

in the valley—quite the contrary. After the cost of the first clearing
there is less expense. the soil being porous and powdery, requiring less
cultivation after the plowing than the places below. Then there is less
trouble with weeds and insects, as irrigation is never resorted to,
though there is an abundance of water, the supply increasing, appar-
ently. with the altitude.

Arbor \‘illa. the stately home of the \V'rights, is occupied at present
by only a portion of the family. The Rev. james N. \Vriglit, a man of
ripe years and scholarly attainments. Mrs. \\'right. a daughter and
one son only remain in the old homestead: the other sons have
achieved fame and fortune in the world outside. The villa, lying in the
midst of gardens tropical with palms. magnolias and orange trees,
is Italian in style of architecture. an avenue of dark cypress trees,
which borders the carriage—way. lending an additional feature to this
character. Everything is fitting and in harmony about the place; there
is no striving for effect. nothing to jar upon the most sensitive taste
as made—up or strained. Loma l’rieta Avenue. which marks the north—
ern boundary of the possession of the \Yrights. is one of the finest
drives in the county. and the most direct way to the top of the
mountain. The road branches off before reaching the summit. and
leads on to Corralitos and (iilroy. The avenue is lined all the
way by cottages. villas and gardens that make the heart glad at every
A little
Jefiries’ famous hotel. at the head of the lane named for him. a side
lane leading on to Reed's place. The corner formed by Loma Prieta
Avenue and Jeffries' Lane is the little three—acre orchard of Miss
Hanly. The pretty cottage fronts on the avenue. and just a little be—
yond it is the \Vilson cottage—Caton's place. with the Temple Grove
on it. \Valler's. Smith's. \Vilcox's. Deacon's. Karr’s and McCrackin’s
following at longer or shorter intervals.

above where this avenue starts in lies

Deacon's is a very handsome
house in a lovely garden. and the McCrackin grounds are remarkable
for the jet d'cau which a fountain sends some twenty—five or thirty feet
into the air. ()n the opposite side of the avenue. joining \Yright's.
lies Rose Lawn. the property of Henry Hite: above this. his mother’s
place: Mrs. lleecher's next. Mr. Mayhews beyond. then Mr. Finni‘e’s
house. half hidden in a magnificient madrone grove. and. joining him.
the \Villiams place. Above all these places. on a tract of land pur—
chased of Mr. Meyer. Mr. and Mrs. \Yood. of the San Francisco Laun—
dry. have laid out grounds on an extensive scale and built a very fine

residence. The purchase includes the mountain top known as Lomita,
the views from which spot cannot be surpassed anywhere in the coun—
try. Still farther on, but below this, on a point which is reached both
by the upper county road (Loma l’rieta Avenue) and the lower county
road (Montgomery Road). stands the family residence of Mr. Meyer,
shaded by grand old trees, from out of which one looks on bay and
ocean. hill and valley. .\ grand place, and all through the summer,
indeed until the very moment when “all hands on the ranch" are turned
to the vintage, the house is full of city boarders, who come again to this
place as regularly as the summer returns.

if we go back to the starting point of Lonia l’rieta Avenue, on the
lower road, we find the home of _l. ll. liurrill. only son of the late pio-
neer. Across from this is the S ‘ars place, and, if we follow this road,
we drive through a piece of beautiful forest, the property of Miss M.
Burrill.

our left, a stylish, modern house, with clematis and passion vine shad—

Theu, as we reach the Summit road, we have Morrell’s to

ing the verandas. the broad halls fragrant with the odors of the roses
outside. From here we naturally gravitate toward the Aikin place,
the finest ranch and best prune orchard in the cmmtry. l had really
intended speaking of their elegant home only, but somehow we never
can speak of Colonel or Mrs. .\ikin without thinking of their ranch
at the same time, they are so thoroughly devoted to it, so completelv
absorbed in it. This is another case cu evidence of what l have always
maintained. that the country is the most congenial home for people
of refinement and education; and if we .\mericans would but learn
from the better class of lCuglish, l’rench and Germans. that, with
books. music, and the love of nature. those who have resources within
themselves need not haunt the city, with its round of entertainments
and amusements. it would help thousands to find a pleasant home who
now live aimless. homeless lives in the crowded towns and great cities.

\\'ho does not know the llotel de Redwood? On a hot summers
day there is nothing so refreshing as the very thought of this place,
with the grand redwood trees, the cool, clear spring. and the white
tents dotting the grounds about the hotel. Just below is Glen Beulah,
the property of Mr. and Mrs. Stowe. ;\ short drive from the Hotel de
Redwood carries one to the home of the late Anson S. Miller. A man-
sion of grand proportions. with an outlook across the Pacific Ocean
on one side and in full view of Loma l’rieta on the other. this grand

old man “had chosen his building site well.” Only a short distance

I37

from here is the Hillside Cottage, a summer resort; and higher up,
with a sublime panorama of land and water before it, stands the Ocean
View Hotel. Below this are the homes of a number of wealthy people:
the family of \YelJer, the bank president of San Francisco; Dr. Spran—
ger, late of Detroit; Crane, Harlowe, Dr. Lange, Marx, Beall, and not
far off the family residence of Professor Allen. Then there is the King
place, where the fine peaches come from; Mrs. Hanna, Cloughs, Hum—
ferville, Freeborn, Rankin, Blake 8: Hersey’s place, Mr. Boardman’s;
and looking down from this eminence we see, below the Aikin ranch,
the homes of Averil and of Hanger, two more famous prune places.
E. 1“. Adams is also largely devoted to the prune interests of the coun—
try, and his ranch and tasteful home join the property of Mrs. Norton.
This lady is faithfully carrying on the work which her deceased hus—
band, Professor Norton, began. Mrs. Norton proves that a woman
need not be “strong minded” to administer upon a large estate, follow
intellectual pursuits, and successfully manage a ranch at the same time.
A. large new dwelling, with loggias and balconies, placed on a natural
sloping lawn, has lately been built by T. Thompson, of San Francisco;
and just below this, white and clean, lies Judge Hall’s cottage, thrifty
orchards furnishing a setting of green for the structure. Around
the corner from here—a mere cat’s jump as counted in this country—
W'ill Sears’ cottage stands on an eminence, and above lie the residences
of Moore, 'Mattern, Arthur Sears, Liston, Emory, Birkenshaw, and
many, many others, some larger, some smaller, but pretty, all of them
half hidden in trees, with roses climbing over them as only mountain
roses can climb.

H. H. \Vood, a San Francisco business man, has a beautiful home
situated high enough so that his neighbors can never shut out his view.
He is 2,800 feet above the level of the sea, and has a grand view of the
mountains and bay.

In conclusion let me say that, if I have not done justice to the Santa
Cruz Mountains, it is owing to a lack of ability on my part, not from
a lack of love for them. My twelve years of observation have con—
vineed me that a home can be established, a competency gained here,
by application and industry, amid the pleasantest conditions and sur—
roundings. The grape, for wine and table use, as grown here, cannot
be excelled and hardly equaled in any other portion of our State.
Fruits, too. of all kinds grow so firm and sweet in these mountain
orchards that the product may be shipped to Europe for consumption.

Above and beyond this, we boast of a climate and of scenery which
will be sought by tourists from all parts of the world, and the spot
will become a Mecca to those in search of health. What better proof
is there for this than the constantly increasing number of homes and
resorts thrown open to the invading number of health and pleasure
seekers season after season? Not only in summer is this a paradise,
but in winter the number of visitors would be as great were there places
established where guests could be accommodated after the busy season
for the fruit grower sets in. Our fruit and grapes ripen late, though
we ship some fruit in July and August, while our first carload of grapes
goes East in early October, the last car reaching our cousins there
about Christmas time.

The Come]! The Cowell Ranch consists of some twelve thousand acres,
Ranch. a portion of which lies within the corporate limits of Santa
Cruz, the county-seat. A cozy residence, beautifully located, amid
native cypress and eucalyptus trees, adorns the ranch, while com-
modious. and carefully inspected farms and stables afford accommo-
dation for the seventy—five horses and mules and fifty yoke of oxen
employed by the owners in the different branches of their extensive
business. Over one thousand tons of hay are required yearly for the
sustenance of the stock above referred to. It is on this great ranch,
about one and a half miles from the city of Santa Cruz, that the first
quarries and lime works of Henry Cowell & Co. are located. while
a mile and a half farther north an equally extensive plant is operated.
Some idea of the magnitude of their operations may be gained from
the fact that employment is given to one hundred and seventy—five
men, and that the annual wages and expenses aggregate one hundred
thousand dollars. This latter fact is significant, as all this money is
poured into the channels of trade within the county of Santa Cruz.
and contributes just so much directly to the commercial prosperity of
the county.

The operations of Henry Cowell &, Co. are not by any means con—
fined to the manufacture of their celebrated brand of lime. The com-
pany also deals extensively in tan bark, peeled oak, bituminous rock,
fire clay, and hair, while the Cowell cement has a reputation co—exten—
sive with the country. The bituminous rock on this ranch is inex—
haustible, and its superior quality is so generally recognized that it is
shipped to all parts of the Pacific Coast, and even beyond. All the

7138

barrels used in the shipment of the different products are manufactured
on the ranch from native materials.

The three hundred tons of grain annually required for'the sustenance
of the live stock are grown on the ranch and prepared for use in an
immense grinder on the premises. The preparing for the market of
the bark of the tan—bark oak tree forms an important industry on
the Cowell Ranch. The companv owns extensive dairy interests, sup-
plying the market with milk, butter, etc., from 2,100 milk cows dis—
tributed through the counties of Marin, San Mateo, San Benito and
Monterey. As an evidence of the complete equipment of this great
ranch in Santa Cruz County, even the carts, wagons, etc., employed
in the service of its various enterprises are manufactured in shops on
the premises. It is evident that the company is not a very tyrranical
task master from the fact that some of the employees have been in the
service of the company for more than twenty years.

The large warehouse and wharf of the company on the sea beach

is at all times a scene of bustle and activity, and an average of fifty
tons of freight are shipped on every working day of the year. The
main office of this great concern is at Nos. EU and 213 Drumm Street,
San Francisco, with branch offices at Sacramento. Portland, Tacoma
and Seattle.
The Fags of One of the most beautiful things in nature is the fog
Santa Cruz BEW- that drops its white cloak on the long valley and
coast line of the county of Santa Cruz. These fogs are a blessing to
the region. and their climatic effect is delightful. And it is doubtful if
kind Mother Nature ever showed her children a more lovely sight. I
cannot refrain from quoting here Robert Louis Stevenson’s description
of a sea fog a little farther up the coast. The excerpt is taken from the
“Silverado Squattersz”

A change in the color of the light usually called me in the morning.
By a certain hour, the long. vertical chinks in our western gable, where
the boards had shrunk and separated, flashed suddenly into my eyes
as stripes of dazzling blue, at once so dark and splendid that I used
to marvel how the qualities could be combined. At an earlier hour
the heavens in that quarter were still quietly colored, but the shoulder
of the mountain which shuts in the cafion already glowed with sun-
light in a wonderful compound of gold and rose and green: and this,
too, would kindle, although more mildly and with rainbow tints. the

fissures of our crazy gable. If I were sleeping heavily, it was the bold
blue that struck me awake; if more lightly,then I would come to myself
in that earlier and fairer light.

One Sunday morning, about five, the first brightness called me.
I rose and turned to the east, not for my devotions, but for air. The
night had been very still. The little private gale that blew every even-
ing in our cafion, for ten minutes or, perhaps, a quarter of an hour,
had swiftly blown itself out; in the hours that followed not a sign of
wind had shaken the tree—tops; and our barrack, for all its breaches,
was less fresh that morning than of wout. But I had no sooner reached
the window than I forgot all else in the sight that met my eyes, and
I made but two bounds into my clothes, and down the crazy plank to
the platform.

The sun was still concealed below the opposite hilltops, though it
was shining already, not twenty feet above my head, 011 our own moun—
tain slope.
changed.

But the scene, beyond a few near features, was entirely
Napa Valley was gone; gone were all the lower slopes and
woody foothills of the range; and in their place. not a thousand feet
below me, rolled a great level ocean. It was as though I had gone to
bed the night before. safe in a nook of inland mountains, and had
awakened in a bay upon the coast. I had seen these inundations from
below: at Calistoga I had risen and gone abroad in the early morning.
coughing and sneezing, under fathoms on fathoms of gray sea vapor,
like a cloudy sky,—a dull sight for the artist, and a painful experience
for the invalid. lut to sit aloft one's self in the pure air and under the
unclouded dome of heaven,
of the valley, was strangely different and even delightful to the eyes.
Far away were hilltops like little islands. Nearer, a smoky surf beat
about the foot of precipices and poured into all the coves of these rough
mountains. The color of that fog ocean was a thing never to be for—
gotten. For an instant, among the Hebrides, and just about sundown,
I have seen something like it on the sea itself. But the white was not
so opaline; nor was there, what surprisingly increased the effect. that
breathless, crystal stillness over all. Even in its gentlest moods the
salt sea travails, moaning among the weeds or lisping on the sand;
but that vast fog ocean lay in a trance of silence.
air of the morning tremble with a sound.

As I continued to sit upon the platform. I began to observe that this
sea was not so level as at first sight it appeared to be. Away in the

and thus look down on the submergence

nor did the sweet

I39

iextreme south, a little hill of fog arose against the sky above the
general surface, and, as it had already caught the sun, it shone on the
horizon like the topsails of some giant ship. There were huge waves,
stationary, as it seemed, like waves in a frozen sea; and yet, as I looked
again, I was not sure but they were moving after all, with a slow and
august advance. And, while I was yet doubting, a promontory of the
hills some four or five miles away, conspicuous by a bouquet of tall
pines, was in a single instant overtaken and swallowed up. It
reappeared in a little, with its pines, but this time as an islet, and only
to be swallowed up once more and then for good. This set me look-
ing nearer, and I saw that in every cove along the line of mountains
the fog was being piled higher and higher, as though by some wind
that was inaudible to me. I could trace its progress, one pine tree
first growing hazy, and then disappearing after another; although
sometimes there was none of this forerunning haze, but the whole
opaque white ocean gave a start and swallowed a piece of mountain at
a gulp. It was to flee these poisonous fogs that I had left the seaboard
and climbed so high among the mountains. And now, behold, here
came the fog to besiege me in my chosen altitudes, and yet came so
beautifully that my first thought was of welcome.

The sun had now gotten much higher, and through all the gaps of
the hills it cast long bars of gold across that white ocean. An eagle
or some other very great bird of the mountain, came wheeling over
the nearer pine—tops, and hung, poised and something sideways, as if
to look abroad on that unwonted desolation, spying, perhaps with
terror, for the eyries of her comrades. Then, with a long cry. she
disappeared again toward Lake County and the clearer air. At length
it seemed to me as if the flood were beginning to subside. The old
landmarks, by whose disappearance I had measured its advance—
here a crag, there a brave pine tree—now began, in the inverse order,
to make their reappearance into daylight. I judged all danger of the
fog was over. This was not Noah’s flood; it was but a morning spring,
and would now drift out seaward whence it came. So, mightily re-
lieved, and a good deal exhilarated by the sight, I went into the house
to light the fire.

I suppose it was nearly seven when I once more mounted the plat-
form to look abroad. The fog ocean had swelled up enormously since
last I saw it; and a few hundred feet below me,in the deep gap where the
Toll House stands and the road runs through into Lake County, it had

already topped the slope, and was pouring over and down the other
side like driving smoke. The wind had climbed along with it: and,
though I was still in calm air, I could see the trees tossing below me,
and their long strident sighing mounted to me where I stood.

Half an hour later the fog had surmounted all the ridge on the
opposite side of the gap, though a shoulder of the mountain still
warded it out of our cafion. Napa \Valley and its bounding hills were
now utterly blotted out. The fog, sunny white in the sunshine, was
pouring over into Lake County in a huge, ragged cataract. tossing
treetops appearing and disappearing in the spray. The air struck
with a little chill, and set me coughing. It smelled strong of the fog,
like the smell of a washing—house, but with a shrewd tang of the
sea salt.

Had it not been for two things—the sheltering spur which answered
as a dyke, and the great valley 011 the other side which rapidly ingulfed
what ever mounted—our own little platform in the canon must have
been already buried a hundred feet in salt and poisonous air. As it
was, the interest of the scene entirely occupied our minds. \\'e were
set just out of the wind, and but just above the fog; we could listen
to the voice of the one as to the music on the stage; we could plunge
our eyes down into the other as into some flowing stream from over
the parapet of a bridge; thus we looked on upon a strange. impetuous.
silent, shifting exhibition of the powers of nature, and saw the familiar
landscape changing from moment to moment like figures in a
dream.

The imagination loves to trifle with what is not. Had this been
indeed the deluge, I should have felt more strongly, but the emotion
would have been similar in kind. I played with the idea, as the child
flees in delightful terror from the creations of his fancy. The look
of the thing helped me. And, when at last I began to flee up the
mountain, it was indeed partly to escape from the raw air that kept
me coughing, but it was also part in play.

As I ascended the mountain—side, I came once more to overlook the
upper surface of the fog; but it wore a different appearance from what
I had beheld at daybreak. For, first, the sun now fell on it from high
overhead, and its surface shone and undulated like a great nor’land
moor country, sheeted with untrodden morning snow. And next
the new level must have been a thousand or fifteen hundred feet higher
than the old. so that only five or six points of all the broken country

‘r
l

 

below me still stood out. Napa Valley was now one with Sonoma on
the west. On the hither side only a thin scattered fringe of bluffs
was unsubmerged; and through all the gaps the fog was pouring over,
like an ocean, into the blue, clear, sunny country on the east. There
it was soon lost; for it fell instantly into the bottom of the valleys,
following the water—shed; and the hilltops in that quarter were still
clear cut upon the eastern sky.

Through the Toll House gap and over the near ridges on the other
side. the deluge was immense. .x spray of thin vapor was thrown
high above it, rising and falling, and blown into fantastic shapes. The
speed of its course was like a mountain torrent. Here and there a few
treetops were discovered. and then whelmed again. and for one second
the bough of a dead pine beckoned out of the spray like the arm of
a drowning man. 'lut still the imagination was dissatisfied. still the
ear waited for something more. Had this indeed been water (as it
seemed so, to theeye), with what a plunge of reverberating thunder
would it have rolled upon its course. disemboweling mountains and
deracinating pines! And yet water it was. and sea—water at that.—
true l’acific billows. only somewhat rarefied, rolling in midair among
the hilltops.

I climbed still higher. among the led. rattling gravel and dwarf
underwood of Mount Saint Helena. until I could look right down upon
Silverado, and admire the favored nook in which it lay. The sunny
plain of fog, several hundred feet higher. behind the protecting spur—
a gigantic accumulation of cottony vapor—threatened. with every
second. to blow over and submerge our homestead: but the vortex
setting past the Toll House was too strong: and there lay our little
platform. in the arms of the deluge. but still enjoying its unbroken
About eleven. however. thin spray came flying over the
friendly buttress. and I began to think the fog had hunted out its
Jonah. after all. fiut it was the last effort.
we were at dinner. and began to blow squally from the mountain
summit: and, by half past one, all that world of sea fogs was utterly
routed and flying here and there into the south in little rags of cloud.

And, instead of a long sea—beach, we found ourselves once more

sunshine.

The wind veered while

inhabiting a high mountain—side. with the clear green country far

below us, and the light smoke of Calistoga blowing in the air.
season. Now and

then. in the early morning, a little white lakelet of fog would be seen

This was the great Russian campaign for that

far down in Napa \‘alley; but the heights were not again assailed, nor
was the surrounding world again shut off from Silverado.

Recapitulated’ Soils—From the town of Santa Cruz southeast, the
Fads Of Interest. soil is a rich loam, rich in lime, potash and phos-
l’ajaro Valley varies from rich, sedimentary alluvial to
light sandy soil of the foothills. In the lower part of the valley, a
clayey loam predominates, then heavy adobe higher up, followed by
a dark—red loam of the plains. The latter forms the favorite fruit soil.

phoric acid.

Climate—The temperature is most equable the year round. Surf
bathing 1s indulged in in winter. The thermometer ranges only 10
degrees between the average winter and summer temperature. The

county is shielded from brisk winds by the mountains on the north,
while the milder ocean breezes have free access.
is about twenty—five inches.

Agriculture. Cereals, hay and vegetables are raised here in abund—
ance in proportion to the area subject to tillage, and compare favor—
ably with any other county, though the holdings are all small. and
chiefly devoted to fruit raising.
\Vheat, 512 acres; oats, 6,720: barley, 2.117; corn, 1,843: hay. 5.212.
Many vegetables are produced. and some hops are raised.

The average rainfall

 

.\ very
important industry is :aising sugar beets for supplying the beet sugar
factory.
sugar, and are in demand.

The beets of this section have a very high percentage of

llorticulture.—The principal fruit districts are the Pajaro Valley
The total acreage in fruit is 7,386,——
4,180 bearing and 3,206 not bearing.
are prunes, 1,982 acres; apples, 1.619; table grapes, 1,253; peaches,

and the Santa Cruz Mountains.
The leading varieties in order

772: apricots. 680: cherries. 340; pears. 333: olives, 124; small fruits,
260; walnuts, 13. The yield varies with varieties of fruits. The straw—
berry crop is very large, about 2,000 tons being shipped annually.
()f raspberries and blackberries 500 tons are marketed. Strawberries
The prunes of Santa

Cruz rival those of Santa Cla‘a and are of a large size and excellent

have yielded as high as S 00 an acre e‘ross.
. LS , 5,

flavor, commanding a high price in the liastern markets.

Stock and l)airying.—.\bout 50.000 acres are devoted to dairying
and pasture.
of butter are shipped.
4.768: cattle, 5,771: hogs. 1.472: mules. 116: sheep. 1,014: goats, 187;
poultry, [.985 dozen.

liach yea ' 50.000 pounds of cheese and 1,000,000 pounds
The Assessor‘s report for 1892 shows: Horses,

The Assessor’s report for [894 shows:

141

Timber.—The redwood timber interests are very extensive. One-
third of the county is thus timbered, and there are many mills in the
county. Redwood logs twenty feet long, and ten of them to a tree, are
an average. One acre of this timber yields 1,000,000 feet of lumber.
The “Giant,” in Powder Mill Canon, measures three hundred feet
in height and twenty—one feet in diameter. There is still standing
1,100,000,000 feet of redwood.

Minerals—Cold has been found in various places, but no systematic
effort has been made to develop this resource. A quartz mine has
be>n opened a few miles north of Santa Cruz. There are auriferous
sands along the ocean beach. About $150,000 worth of bitumen is
mined and shipped annually, some. of it going as far as Denver.

Manufactures—The manufacturing interests of the county are
many, and ‘their product runs into large figures. The principal
products are beet sugar, about 12.000 tons, lime, powder, lumber,
paper, leather, boots and shoes. wine and canned fruit. Besides these
there are many others of local use.

l’ish.—There are over one hundred and fifty varieties of food fish in
Monterey Bay, and the fishing business of Santa Cruz has become an
important industry.

Health and Pleasure Resorts.——Thousands visit the splendid ocean
beach of Santa Cruz yearly to enjoy the surf bathing and the beautiful
drives into the hills. The hotel accommodations, baths, cottages, and
provisions‘for amusement and recreation, are all befitting a first—class
seaside resort.

Prices of Land—Land is comparatively reasonable in this county,
and any industrious and energetic man who desires to engage in agri-
culture, dairying, or fruit culture, cannot fail to find an advantageous
opening.

A Beautiful This striking description of the great annual fete of
Word Picture. Santa Cruz appeared in the San Francisco ”him last
It is well worth preservation in the covers of this book:

You got off the train feeling vaguely intrusive. The ride from the
city had, of course. been long and hot and very dusty. Perhaps you
had been asleep for the last third of the way, and had awakened too
suddenly to the consciousness of an indefinable sensation of grit and
fine cinders, and the suspicion that your collar was limp and dirty.
Then, before you were prepared for it, you were hustled from the train
and out upon the platform of the station.

511 ITIIIICI‘.

There was a glare of sunshine, and the air had a different taste that
suggested the sea immediately. The platform was crowded, mostly
with people from the hotels, come down to meet the train, girls in cool,
white skirts and straw sailors, and young men in ducks and flannels,
some of them carrying tennis rackets. It was quite a different world
at once, and you felt as if things had been happening in it, and certain
phases of life lived out, in which you had neither part nor lot. You, in
your overcoat and gritty business suit and black hat, were out of your
element; as yet you were not of that world where so many people knew
each other and dressed in white clothes, and you bundled yourself
hurriedly into the corner of the hotel bus before you should see any-
body you knew.

It was a town of white and yellow. You did not need to be told that
these were the carnival colors. They were everywhere. Sometimes
they were in huge paper festoons along the main street of the town,
sometimes in long strips of cambric wound about the wheels of the
hacks and express wagons, sometimes in bows of satin ribbon on the
whips of the private drags and breaks. The two invariable color notes
sounded, as it were, the same pleasing monotone on every hand. It
was Thursday, June 18th. By then the carnival was well under way.
Already the Queen had been crowned andthe four days’ and nights’
reign of pleasure inaugurated amidst the moving of processions, the
clanging of brass bands, and the hissing of rockets. Nothing could
have been gayer than the sights and the sounds of the town of Santa
Cruz, as that hot afternoon drew toward evening. The main street
seen in perspective was as a weaver’s loom, the warp white and yellow,
the woof all manner of slow moving colors,—a web of them, a maze of
them, intricate, changeful, very delicate. Overhead, from side to side,
from balcony to balcony, and from housetop to housetop, stretched
arches and festoons and garlands, all of white and of yellow, one behind
another, reaching farther and farther into the vista like the reflections
of many mirrors, bewildering, almost dazzling. Below them, up and
down through the streets, came and went and came again a vast throng
of people weaving their way in two directions, detaching against the
background of the carnival colors a dancing, irregular mass of tints
and shades. Here and there was the momentary flash of a white skirt,
again the lacquered flanks of a smart trap turned gleaming to the sun
like a bit of metal, a feather of bright green shrubbery overhanging a

 

I42 7

gate stirred for a moment in the breeze very brave and gay, or a
brilliant red parasol suddenly flashed into view, a violent, emphatic
spot of color, disappearing again amidst the crowd like the quick
extinguishing of a live coal.

And from this scene, from all this gaiety of shifting colors, rose a
confused sound, a vast murmur of innumerable voices blending over-
head into a strange hum, that certain unintelligible chord, prolonged,
sustained, which is always thrown off from a concourse of people. It
is the voice of an entire city speaking as something individual, having
a life by itself, vast, vague, and not to be interpreted; while over this
mysterious diapason, this bourdon of an unseen organ, played and rip~
pled an infinite multitude of tiny staccato notes, every one joyous, the
gay trebble of a whole community amusing itself. Now it was a strain
of laughter, hushed as soon as heard, or the rattle of stiffly starched
skirts,or bits of conversation,an unfinished sentence,a detached word,a
shrilly called name, the momentary jangling of a brass band at a street
corner, or the rhythmic snarling of snare drums, as a troop of militia
or of marines passed down the street with the creaking of leather belts
and the cadenced shuffle of many feet.

And then little by little the heat of the afternoon mingled into the
cool of the evening, and the blue shadows grew long, and the maze of
colors in the street was overcast by the red glow of the sunset, har-
monizing them all at last, turning white to pink and blue to purple, and
making of the predominant carnival colors a lovely intermingling of
rose and ruddy gold. Then far down at the end of the street a single
electric light flashed whitely out, intense, very piercing; then another
and another. Then as rapidly as the day darkened the little city set
its constellation. W'hole groups and clusters and fine nebulae of tiny
electric bulbs suddenly bloomed out like the miraculous blossoming
of a Lilliputian garden of stars. The city outlined itself, its streets, its
squares, its larger buildings in rows, and chains and garlands of elec—
tricity, throwing off into the dark blue of the night a fine silver haze.
Then all at once from the direction of the lagoon the first rocket hissed
and rose, a quickly lengthening stem of gold suddenly bursting into a
many—colored flower. A dozen more followed upon the moment:
where one was twenty others followed; a rain of colored flames and
sparks streamed down; there was no pause; again and again the rockets
hissed and leaped and fell. The lagoon glowed like a brazier; the

delicate silver electric mist that hung over the town was in that place
rudely rent apart by the red haze of flame that hung there, fan—shaped,
blood—red, distinct.

Later that same evening, about ten o‘clock, Queen Josephine made
her entry into the huge pavilion and gave the signal for the opening of
the ball. The procession moved up the floor of the pavilion toward
the throne (which looked less like a throne than like a photographer’s
settee). It advanced slowly, headed by a very little girl in a red dress,
resolutely holding a tiny dummy trumpet of pasteboard to her lips.
Then, in two files, came the ushers, Louis Quatorze style. They were
all in white—white lace, white silk, white cotton stockings—and they
moved deliberately over the white canvas that covered the floor against
the background of white hangings with which the hall was decorated.
However, their shoes were black violently so; and nothing could
have been more amusing than these scores of inky black objects
moving back and forth amidst all this shimmer of white. The shoes
seemed enormous, distorted, grotesque; they attracted and fascinated
the eye, and suggested the appearance of a migratory tribe of Brob-
dingnagian black beetles crawling methodically over a wilderness of
white sand. Close upon the ushers came the Queen, giving her hand
to her Prime Minister, her long ermine—faced train carried by little
pages. Pretty she certainly was.
majestic, even with her hair dressed high, but very charming and
gracious nevertheless, impressing one with a sense of gaiety and glad-
ness,— a Queen opera cumiqzte, a Queen suited to the occasion. The
Prime Minister handed her down the hall. He wore an incongruous
costume, a compound of the dress of various centuries,—boots of one
period, surcoat of another, a sword of the seventeenth century, and a
hat of the early nineteenth; while his very. fin de siecle E. & \V. white
collar showed starched and stiff at the throat of his surcoat. He was
a prime minister a. Waters 105 ages.

When Her Majesty was at length seated, the dancers formed a
march, and, led by Lieutenant—Governor Jeter, defiled before the
Queen, making their reverences. Directly in front of the throne each
couple bowed,some with exaggerated reverence coming to a halt, facing
entirely around,the gentleman placing his hand upon his heart,the lady
sinking to a deep courtesy, both very grave, and a little embarrassed;
others more occupied in getting a near sight of the Queen merely

 

Tall she was not, nor imposing, nor

x43

slacked their pace a bit, bending their bodies forward, but awkwardly
keeping their heads in the air; others nodded familiarly as if old
acquaintances, smiling into Josephine’s face as though in acknowledg- I
ment of their mutual participation in a huge joke; and still others
bowed carelessly, abstractedly, interrupting their conversation an
instant and going quickly on, after the fashion of a preoccupied priest
passing hurriedly in front of the altar of his church. The music was
bad; there were enough square dances to give the ball something of
a provincial tone, and the waltz time was too slow: yet the carnival
spirit—which is, after all, the main thing—prevailed and brought
about a sense of gaiety and unrestraint that made one forget all the
little inconsistencies.

Friday afternoon brought out the floral pageant on the river. What
with the sunshine and the blue water and bright colors of the floats,
and what with Roncovieri’s band banging out Sousa’s marches, it was
all very gay, but, nevertheless, one felt a little disappointed. Some~
thing surely was lacking, it was hard to say exactly what. The tinsel
on the boats "was tinsel, defiantly, brutally so, and the cambric refused
to parade as silk, and the tall lanterns in the Queen’s barge wobbled.
The programme—that wonderful effort of rhetoric wherein the adjec-
tive “grand” occurs twenty-two times in four pages—announced a
Battle, a “grand” Battle of Flowers, but no battle was in evidence.
True, I saw a little white boy with powdered hair, on the Holy Cross
float, gravely throw a handful of withered corn—flowers at an elderly
lady in a pink waist, in a rowboat maneuvered by a man in his shirt
sleeves, and I saw the elderly lady try to throw them back with her left
hand while she held her parasol with her right. The corn-flowers fell
short, being too light to throw against the wind; they dropped into
the water, and the elderly lady and the little white boy seriously
watched them as they floated down stream. Neither of them smiled.

>k >l< >k >l< 22 =I< >l< >1: *

At about half-past eight Friday evening the rockets began to roar
again from the direction of the lagoon. The evening fete was com-
mencing.

On one side of the river were the Tribunes, two wings of them
stretching out, half-moon fashion, from either side of the Governor’s
pavilion, banked high with row upon row of watching faces. Directly
opposite was the Queen’s pavilion, an immense canopy—like structure,
flimsy enough, but brave and gay with tinsel and paint and bunting.

Between the two pavilions was the waterway where the boats
maneuvered. The Buceutazn‘, the Queen’s barge, came up the river
slowly, gleaming with lanterns, a multitude of floats and barges and
gondolas following. It drew up to the pavilion—the Queen’s pavilion
——and Josephine disembarked.

It was quite dark by now, and you began to feel the charm of the
whole affair. Little by little the numbers of boats increased. Hun—
dreds and hundreds of swinging lanterns wove a slow-moving maze of
trailing sparks, and reflected themselves in the black water in long
stilettoes with wavering golden blades; the rockets and roman candles
hissed and roared without intermission; the enormous shafts of the
searchlights, like sticks of gigantic fans, moved here and there, describ—
ing cartwheels of white light; the orchestra was playing again, not too
loud. And then at last, here under the night, the carnival was in its
proper element The incongruities the little, cheap makeshifts so
bare and bald in an afternoon 5 sun, disappeared, or took on a new sig—
nificance; the tinsel w as not tinsel any longer; the cambric and paper
and paint grew rich and real; the Queen 5 canopy, the necklaces of
electric bulbs, the thousands of heaving lights, the slow—moving
Bucentaur, all seemed part of a beautiful, illusive picture, impossible,
fanciful, very charming, like a painting of \\'atteau, the Embarqucnmzt
Pour Cythere, seen by night. More lights and lanterns came crowding
in; a wheel of red fireworks covered thesurface of the water with a
myriad of red, writhing snakes. The illusion became perfect, the
sense of reality, of solidity, dwindled. The black water, the black
land, and the black sky merged into one vast, intangible shadow,
hollow, infinitely deep. There was no longer the water there,
nor the banks beyond, nor even the reach of sky, but you looked out

. into an .infinite, empty space, sown with thousands of trembling lights,
across which moved dim, beautiful shapes, shallops and curved prows
and gondolas, and in the midst of which floated a fairy palace, glit—
tering, fragile, airy, a thing of crystal and of gold, created miraculously,
like the passing whim of some compelling genie.

While the impression lasted it was not to be resisted; it was
charming, seductive—but it did not last. At one o’clock the fete was
over, the last rocket fired, the last colored light burnt out in a puff of
pungent smoke, the last reveler gone. From the hill above the lagoon
on your way home you turned and looked back and down. It was very
late. The streetswere deserted,the city was asleep. There was nothing

I44

.a vivid recollection of the

left but the immensity of the night, and the low, red moon canted over
like a sinking galleon. The shams. the paper lanterns, and the
winking tinsel, were all gone, and you remembered the stars again.
And then, in that immense silence. when all the shrill, staccato,
trivial noises of the day were dumb, you heard again the prolonged
low hum that rose from the city, even in its sleep,—the voice of some—
thing individual, strange life apart, raising a virile
diapason of protest against shams and tinsels and things transient in
that other strange carnival, that revel of masks and painted faces, the
years and ten. lut that was

living a huge,

huge grim joke that runs its threescore
not all.
There was another voice,

 

that of the sea—mysterious, insistent;
and there through the night, under red moon, the two voices
of the sea and of the city talked to each other in that unknown language
filled all the night
with an immense and prolonged wave of sound, the bourdon of an

the low.
of their own; and the two voices mingling together

unseen organ, the vast and minor note of Life.

The Constitution of the United States had
just been adopted and General George \Yash—
ington’s election was agitating

A Specimen of Santa
Cruz Longevity.

the people when there was born in
in little—known California, Martina Cokoo. The
great governmental changes which have occurred since were of such

Spanish territory,

trifling interest to Martina that he forgot many of them, only retaining
life in the missions when the Franciscan
fathers made their settlements. and a hazy remembrance of the Bear
lilag affair, as he was working for General Vallejo in Sonoma at the
time, and the raising of the stars and stripes at Monterey. for he was
then working on the liig Sur.

\Vithal, Cokoo is an interesting character. He answers all questions
through an interpreter intelligently. is remarkably preserved, and has
a good memory of past events which were of interest to him. He is a
little, old brown man, with the Indian characteristics in form and
feature accentuated by time. At a hazard one would guess his age at
the greatest about eighty. He lives with Captain Trout and his wife,
who is a distant relative of his.

“Martina Cokoo was born in September, 1788, near where the San
Luis Rev Mission was founded a few years later,” Captain Trout
explained to—day. It “as there he learned his trade of plastering, for
he helped his father plaster the San Luis Rey Church. His mother

was murdered by some of the wild Indians outside. After leaving the
mission he came up the coast and in 1824 went to work at a mill near
MOss Landing. Iiob Livermore, for whom Livermore \Valley was
named, was the miller.
he settled in this county and has lived here since.

How Homes Are This description of home—making is by the well-
Made Here. known author, Charles E. Lummis. \Vhile a descrip—
tion of home—making in another part of the State. it fits Santa Cruz
conditions as well as if the author lived here instead of lower down
the coast.

“Providence does not waste so much as dust. It seems to have
created some people purposely to inhabit between the sidewalk and the
tin roof—to be a sort of human canned goods. They are shocked
at mention of a little sun and air as was the conscious spinster. But
there are people who do not spell ‘home’ that way; who do love nature,
comfort, health; who make home something worth knowing. They do
not care to be wiser than their Maker, not less teachable than their
horses. Even in the East they buttonhole whatever day passes half
civilly, and get good of it. And when such folks come out here, where
life no longer means a dizzy round of arctics, chest—protectors, frozen
water pipes and frosted cars, they expand as delightfully and as logi—
cally as the Southern California flower.

“Now they have found a place fit to be lived in, where out of doors is
not slow suicide, where home means every bit of its four blessed letters.
They can go out when they will, and sit out when they will; they can
ride, drive, picnic, walk, hunt, fish, botanizc~without getting their
lives insured before they open the door. Their children play where
God meant them to play—under God’s sky the year around. Some of
them rear stately residences set in perennial parks; and some of them
build modest cottages on modest bare lots. Rich or poor, the house
is pleasantly charming. Nature is finisher—with a beauty not all the
Vanderbilts could club together and attain in New York, to people who
are not content to be canned. A chief charm of California is that a
new home can be framed in its own little Eden in time so short the
thing seems magic. Three years witn care and slight labor, and at
almost no cost, will turn a bare lot to such a semi~tropie garden as a
century and a million could not duplicate in the East. Not to discuss
mansions, it may be as typical and interesting to give a demonstration
of what persons of modest means may do. My $1,600 cottage was

After some years spent in hunting in the south

14s

finished in April, 1893. The lot was still rough and bare. I planted
the trees and rOses June 15th; the lawn was seeded in October, ’93. In
I’ebruary, ’94, it was as velvety and perfect a lawn as can be found.
October 28, 1894, just 500 days later, shows 110w things grow here. In
those sixteen months the pepper switches of less than half an inch
greatest diameter had become trees three and a half and four inches
through and twelve feet high. The grevillas had done as well in girth
and even better in altitude. The Marechal Neil roses by the porch, so
small as to be barely distinguishable, had grown greater than a rose-
bush was ever seen in the East. An ambitious Reve d’Or rose at the
end of the porch—planted as two stems twenty inches tall and nowhere
so thick as a lead—pencil—had clambered riotous to the roof, fourteen
feet. Its main branches aggregated over three hundred feet in length;
and hundreds of feet more had been cut from it. What do Eastern
lovers of this exquisite rose think of from three hundred to four hun—
dred buds and blossoms at a time on this young bush?”

An Interesting The following letter of a Santa Cruz lady to an Eastern
Letter. friend contains answers to so many questions asked by
Eastern folks that it is inserted here entire, for the benfit of may who
may want the information it conveys:

SANTA CRUZ, Dec. 2, 1896.

My dear friend: I cannot tell you how glad I am to know that your
thoughts are turned toward California as an abiding place, and I will
answer all of your questions to the best of my ability,taking each one in
order. I will say candidly that some of your questions make me smile
at the naive manner in which they express a doubt as to our having the
advantages of civilization. It seems a funny thing to me,——the impres-
sion that a great many Eastern people have of customs and manners on
the Pacific Slope, but I’ll forgive you, particularly as I remember that
my own impressions of California before coming here were full of
cowboys, Indians, abnormal fruits, and continual sunshine. However,
I’ll hasten to disabuse you of some of your false impressions. Of
course all of my experience relates to Santa Cruz, as that is where my
seven years’ sojourn in California has been spent.

Your first question is about the schools, and I can say truthfully that
I don’t believe you have any better schools or any better educational
facilities in Philadelphia than we have right here in Santa Cruz, that
is, outside of college privileges. \Ne have no college in Santa Cruz

County, but the public school grade is as high as any in the Eastern
States, and a graduate from the Santa Cruz High School is admitted
to Stanford University at Palo Alto, The State University at Berkeley,
and the State Normal School at San Jose. The school buildings are
first class, with all the newest and best ideas as to heating, lighting and
ventilation; and there is a faithful and efficient corps of teachers, who
are constantly on the alert for all that is new in educational matters.

Next comes art. There are quite a number of artists here, both
amateur and professional, and some of the teachers have had the
benefit of study in the San Francisco School of Design, and under the
best artists in that city. I have seen‘ china painting here as beautiful
as any I ever saw in Philadelphia, and you know how we used to
ramble around from one studio to another to look at the work.
Many of the ladies here do china painting, and do it well, and one of
the teachers whose work is exceptional has had the advantages of the
best training in New York City. There is a Decorative Art Society
and VVomen’s Exchange here, and I wish you could see their rooms.
All that is newest in art embroidery and fancy work is done there, and
the patrons of the Exchange get the benefit of all the latest ideas in
art work as soon as you do in the East.

As to music there are good teachers here and many fine performers.
I know one little girl of thirteen who plays the violin in a way which
would meet even your critical approval. She has received all of her
instruction here, and she is only one of a great number who are earn—
estly studying music under good masters. So you see you need not
fear that your children will be without educational advantages. The
girls here do just what the girls all over the rest of the United States
do: they sing and play and recite and dance. I know one girl who
can dance the skirt dance in seven languages. I don’t suppose any of
your girls want to do that though. A good many of the girls become
teachers, many of them getting good positions with first—rate salaries.
The salaries here are higher than in Philadelphia for the same work.

We have churches of all denominations, and the churches all have
their societies in good working order,—guilds, sodalities. Christian
Endeavor, etc.

The climate here is good enough for any one, I think. I don't mean
to say that there is perpetual sunshine. for in summer we often have
fog in the morning and sometimes at night. But by the time the
morning work is done the fog is gone, and often we don‘t have any for

146 W

days at a time. In winter we sometimes have a week of rain at a
time, and then for several weeks we won't have any. Every time the
rain clears off, the weather is simply superb; and a drive around the
cliff or up through one of the gulches is something to be remembered,
as the country is so beautifully bright and fresh, and the air is so
invigorating. You may think I'm an enthusiast on this country, and
perhaps I am, but I’ve never felt the slightest desire to go East again
to stay.

Now, about housekeeping here. \\'ell, I find it much easier than I
did East. \Ye don't have any vermin to contend with, nor any burst—
ing of water pipes in the winter, nor sticky moldiness in dog days
which used to make life somewhat of a bore at times, and house—
keeping a vanity and vexation of spirit. Meat is cheaper here, and
so are vegetables, and we have strawberries, raspberries and blackber—
ries 011 the table in December.—raspberries at 60 cents per dozen
baskets, and strawberries at $1.00 per dozen, as the baskets are larger.
lut don't think from that that this is a tropical country: it is not. If
you come you want to bring all your warm clothing with you. It is
advisable to wear fiannels the year round here on the coast. and there
is no night in the year when you don't need a blanket on your bed,
and it is always best to take a wrap when driving. By advising you
to bring all your warm clothing I didn't mean to infer that you couldn't
get any more here. You can get anything in the way of clothing that

you want. The shops are first—class, the merchants up—to—date, and

the prices as reasonable as any I see in the Eastern catalogues.

You will find many beautiful homes here and many congenial people.
There are, for amusements, whist parties, dancing parties. mussel
bakes, cycling, theaters, etc. Then we have the bathing—sea bathing,
plunge baths, and hot salt—water baths. Of course we have electric
lights. telephones, and all the latest appliances of electricity. So you
see, my dear, we are civilized. I have never seen a cowboy here,
but I believe there is one very old Indian, something over a hundred
years old, living somewhere in Santa Cruz. and perhaps if you hurry
and come out here you may have the pleasure of seeing him. I don't
think I have overlooked any of your queries. but if I have let me know,
and I will make up for my remissness the next time. Hoping that
you will settle on Santa Cruz as your future home, I am,

Your friend,

SARA G. \YHITE.

Tbe Remarkable Good ©reler of Santa Cruz.

HICRIC is an impression abroad in the East—a hazy.vague impres—
sion. it is true. but still an impression—that the Californian goes
about dressed in a slouch hat. red shirt. and large death—dealing
revolvers, California is vaguely pictured as a land where people

go forth at intervals to riotously slay a few fellowmen, after the slayer

has wound up his tumultuous feelings with uncounted drinks of tangle-s
foot. taken to the accompaniment of much strange profanity. Such is
the idea of California amusements which finds lodgment in the brain of
more than a few intelligent liastern people whose notions of one of
the foremost States in the Union are acquired from lurid word—pictures
of lurid mining camps that never existed.
save in the writer's lurid imagination. The
men who came to California in the infancy
of the State were the pick of the young
men of the East, for the most part of the
best American stock. reared in Hod—fearing
and honest families.
either their training or their manhood be«
hind.
the respect for the rights of others that
even in the days when as yet there were

They did not leave

On the contrary. so universal was

no organized tribunals of justice and every
man did that which was right in his own
sight, no miner locked his cabin door
when he left it, and men left their yellow
dust lying carelessly in the rude dwelling,
sure that it would be there when they returned. Such was California
in the green tree; and such it is in the dry.

The orderliness an l sobriety of Santa (‘ruz is one of its best features.
I know of no place in the Linited States which can surpass its
admirable record.
equal it.

I doubt if there is one of the same size which can
The three officers whose pictures appear on this page consti—
tute the entire night and day police force of this city of nine thousand
inhabitants, and they are found amply sufficient to police it. 1 almost
dread to put down the plain facts about this phase of Santa Cruz life,
But they remain facts, nevertheless.
The arrests in the entire city for drunkenness and crimes during

for fear they will be disbelieved.

 

Santa Cruz Police.

147

the year 1896 did not average one a week. This includes every sort of
arrest made by the city police. Nor was this due to any remissness of
the force, for a more vigilant and fearless Chief of Police than Chief
Matt Rawle is not in the State. and two more faithful and courageous
officers than Officer Hugh Dougherty and Officer S. I. Horton it
would be hard to find. The few arrests are due wholly to the almost
total lack of drunkenness and crime.

The writer has lived in Santa Cruz for two years. During the
greater part of that time his duties upon a morning daily paper took
him upon the streets at all hours of the (lay and night. He cannot
recall in all that time a half dozen instances
of drunken men being on the streets; in all
that time but one tramp appeared at his
house to ask for food; and in all that time
he was never called on to chronicle the
occurrence of a single crime more serious
than larceny, and but few of them.

Setting aside the unavoidable influx of
pickpockets and petty thieves which comes
upon such occasions as the great Water
Carnival week, along with the thousands
who then throng the city, the record of the
police docket is practically clean all the
round. In the two years falling
under the writer's observation no man has
drawn a pistol, nor does the writer believe
that a dozen men in the whole population carry such a weapon.

The sobriety of the people is simply remarkable. There are a
number of saloons, and the custom of wine—drinking is wide—spread;
yet there is not a town of nine thousand people in Kansas, or in Maine,
or in Iowa, or in any other State, prohibition or not, in which drunken—
ness is so wholly absent. The writer does not attempt to explain this
state of affairs on any hypothesis. He is not troubling himself with
theories. It is his business to record facts.

It is absolutely safe for a woman or child, unattended, to traverse
the streets of Santa Cruz after nightfall in any direction she chooses.
Not only is a woman perfectly safe from danger of harm, but she is

year

perfectly certain of immunity from anything bordering on insult. I
dwell on these facts not because they excite any comment here, where
they are taken as matters of course, but because they will help to
eradicate from the Eastern reader’s mind the absurd and unjust notion
that the far \Vest is “wild and woolly,” that out here we go about with
strange oaths in our mouths, much liquor in our stomachs, revolvers
in our hands and with our souls filled with a great yearning to
perforate some innocuous tenderfoot with leaden bullets. The truth is
that Californians are an intelligent, cultivated, sober, orderly, and
extremely good-natured folk, and California communities are much
freer from deeds of violence and from drunkenness and disorder than
are the most of the communities of the Eastern States. The writer
gives this as the deliberate result of study and observation and experi—
ence as a newspaper man, gained in work in nearly every State,
East and West, and certainly formed with no bias against the East,
where he was born and spent his boyhood and most of his manhood
years.

It is very true that the record of Santa Cruz is phenomenal, even
among California towns, and much of this is due to the character of
the three men who look out of the preceding page. So swift and
certain has been the capture of rascals, great and small, who have
attempted to work in Santa Cruz, that the crooked gentry of the State
give it a wide berth. The reputation of Chief Rawle and his men is
well known to the criminals of the State, and but few of them include
Santa Cruz in the itinerary of their travels.

The Hotaling One of the best—known men in California is A. P.
BIOCk- . Hotaling of San Francisco. Mr. Hotaling’s inter—
ests in Santa Cruz are large. They are in the hands of Edward
Farrell, a business man of high standing and an architect of ability.
The Hotaling Block, on Pacific Avenue, is one of the very finest
buildings in Santa Cruz. The lower floors have hitherto been
occupied by the fashionable stores of the city, while the upper floors
have been used for hotel purposes. As this goes to press Mr.
Farrell, acting for Mr. Hotaling, is beginning to make of this beautiful
block one of the finest hotels in the State. The rooms used for
store purposes will be transformed into a magnificent office and
reading room. Every improvement that taste can suggest and un—
limited means obtain will be added, and The Hotaling will rank
among the famous hostelries of a State that has many magnificently

1,48,

 

appointed hotels. The Hotaling is in the very heart of the business
portion of the town. It has an imposing frontage on Pacific Avenue,
the chief business thoroughfare, and a rear frontage on Front Street,
which is under improvement and bids fair to regain its old—time com-
mercial activity, it having for many years been the principal street of
the city. What A. P. Hotaling sets his hand to do he does well and
thoroughly, and Santa Cruz is prepared to take pride in this latest
movement of the public-spirited and far-sighted capitalist who has
already done so much for the City of the Holy Cross. There is no
question in any one's mind that the newest hotel will attract those
fastidious and experienced travelers who do not weigh the matter of
a dollar or two against the matter of comfort, elegance and con~
venience. With this addition to its hotel facilities, Santa Cruz, which
has time and again proved its capacity to entertain thousands of guests
in a single day, will be as well equipped for the first-class entertain—
ment of travelers and tourists and summer and winter guests as any
of the famous resorts of the East and South.

A Fine At the corner of Front and Cooper streets, facing the
BUSifleSS 31061“ Hall of Records and diagonally opposite the Court-
house, is the Leonard Block. M. Leonard is one of the old residents
of Santa Cruz, a solid man financially, a public-spirited citizen, and a
person of great influence in business and political circles. After the
disastrous fire of" April, 1894, which wiped out the business center,
Mr. Leonard at once, with characteristic decision, began to formulate

‘plans for building on his lot an edifice that should be not only a

source of pride to him while living, but a monument to his name and
memory long after he had been gathered to his fathers. Of brick and
stone, built as solidly as an old Roman causeway, a beautiful front,
and finished inside in the most artistic detail, the Leonard Block is a
credit to the city. For two years, while the Courthouse has been in
course of erection, the officials of the county have transacted their
business in the Leonard Building. Mr. Leonard is a man of wealth,
and is still active in business. One of the pleasures which he has per—
mitted himself is the erection of a magnificent mausoleum, at a cost of
several thousands of dollars, in which his remains will repose when his
busy and useful life is at last ended. .

Decorative On June I, 1885, in response to invitations issued by
Art SOCietY- F. A. Hihn, twenty—five ladies and gentlemen met in the
upper rooms at 150 Pacific Avenue. The meeting was called to order

by Miss A. M. \Vells. Mrs. Elizabeth Buchanan was chosen chair—
man and Mrs. E. 1’. \Vaux, Secretary.

As stated by Mrs. Buchanan and Mr. Hihn, the object of the meet—
ing was the organization of a society for the' promotion of art in Santa
Cruz, for the furnishing of both paid and free classes for tuition in all
branches of art, and for the establishment of a depot where artistic
products might be displayed and sold.

A committee of five ladies was appointed to draft a Constitution
which should be submitted to a general meeting to be held on June
8th, to which date the first meeting was adjourned. The committee
consisted of Mrs. lluchanan, Mrs. \Vaux, Mrs. A. J. Ilinds, Mrs.
Drennan, and Mrs. Raymond. The Constitution as framed by the
above committee was adopted by the meeting held on June 8th. and
the organization was named the Society of Decorative Art of Santa
Cruz. An election of officers immediately took place, with the follow—
ing result: I’resident. Mrs. (7}. 1’). Kirby; Vice—President, Mrs. S.
Drennan; Secretary. Mrs. I. If. Raymond; Treasurer, Mrs. Elizabeth
iluchanan. An executive committee consisted of Mrs. Elizabeth
Buchanan, Mrs. Il. Forbes, Mrs. \Y. T. Cope, and F. A. Hihn.

Mr. Hihn agreed to donate the use of the rooms to the Society,
and the lady manager was to be permitted, as compensation for her
services, to keep and sell at the rooms a stock of materials for fancy
needlework.

It was the desire of those who inaugurated the movement that the
Society should be a free one, and it was therefore resolved that no fees
should be paid by members. Soon after, however, it was found that
money was necessary to carry on the affairs of the organization, and
it was decided that members should pay twenty—five cents per month.
Later the fee was reduced to its present amount.

Immediately after the organization of the Society an Art Loan
Exhibition was held for the double purpose of formally opening the
The
articles exhibited were loaned by the citizens of the town, and the
Entertainments of a high
order have been given from time to time by the Society which have
resulted to its credit and practical benefit.

Up to February, IRQI, the rooms of the Society were under the
On that
lletween October I, 1885, and February,

rooms and for securing sufficient funds for furnishing them.

affair proved interesting and profitable.

joint management of Mrs. liuchanan and Mrs. Forbes.
date Mrs. Forbes resigned.

I49

1891', the Society maintained, under the charge of Mrs. Buchanan, a
class where twenty-four pupils received free instruction in embroidery.
Also within that time nearly sixty little girls were instructed in plain
sewing under the patronage of the Society.

On October I. 189t, a \Voman’s Exchange and a store for the sale
of materials used in artistic needlework and in the several departments
of drawing and painting were opened by the Society under the man—
agement of Miss Marion Sherman. In February, 1892, Miss Sherman
resigned and was succeeded by Miss Sarah Morgan, who still holds
the position. ,

The Decorative Art Society may well be said to have been a nursing
mother to art in Santa Cruz. It has done much, very much, to
encourage all art students here, and, although it has not yet attained
the end it has always had in View, it will no doubt some day accom—
plish its desires, and we shall see a flourishing School of Design in
Santa Cruz. In the meanwhile a great deal has been accomplished,
a great many homes have been made more beautiful through the
instrumentality ofrthis Society, and a great many women have been
helped financially by the \Voman’s Exchange in connection with it.
There are always the latest art works in the rooms for the use of
members, and competent teachers to instruct pupils in all branches of
art needlework, etc. The rooms are really very attractive and beau—
tiful, and it is a great pleasure to stroll through them and look at all
the dainty and artistic things that go to make life pleasanter.

This Society has also very good sewing classes for children, where
the little folks are taught plain sewing in all its branches, the teaching
being done by expert needlewomen of the Society. It is a good
work, like all the other work which has been undertaken by the mem—
bers of the Decorative Art Society. Long may they flourish, and
soon may they see the consummation of their hopes.

Santa Cruz Naturally the first place a visitor to Santa Cruz seeks is
Beaches. the beach, either in summer or winter. Of course in
winter it is comparatively deserted, as Santa Cruz unfortunately is
not yet famous as a winter resort. Unfortunately, I say, because
there are many people for whom this place would be an ideal winter
home, bringing them health and pleasure, and to me the Santa Cruz
beach on a bright winter morning is a truly delightful spot. With the
blue sky above, the sparkling sea in front, and the warm sands to
stretch yourself out on, one can just take pleasure in simply being

alive. Some time, when Santa Cruz gets the fame which it should
have, we will see the beach as crowded on a fine winter day as it is
in summer, and we will see people taking their morning dip in the
surf as complacently as though June skies smiled above them. I have
taken a dip myself in January when the snow-covered mountains
across the bay shone bright in the sunlight, and I found the dip
quite as pleasant as in summer. Not that Santa Cruz beach is always
a fair—weather beach in winter: far from it. There are many days
when the winter storms beat upon it, and the waves break furiously
upon it, bringing the waters way up to the bath-houses. Then one
would hardly care to lie along the sands, and it would be a mad crea-
ture who would attempt a plunge into the surf. But at such times it
is delightful to get into one’s storm clothes and go out on the wharf
and watch the general upheaval of things. It is soul—satisfying to be
out in a down—pour, to see the waves come madly in, to feel them
dash against the wharf. and to have the spray fly over you. to look
out toward Vue de l’Eau and see the surging waters break against
the cliffs and leap high in the air, a mass of snowy spray. To anyone
who loves a bit of chaos let loose it is very exhilarating.

A winter storm in Santa Cruz is truly enjoyable, and to thoroughly
appreciate it one must get right out in it. Go out to the cliff, or on
the wharf, or else on one of the bridges, and see that little river, the
San Lorenzo, erstwhile so calm and placid, smiling in its quiet pools
or laughing in its shallows. That little river, across which a small boy
can wade in summer, is not to be laughed at in a winter storm, nor
dallied with either, as it sweeps along, bearing great logs and every—
thing else to which it takes a fancy in its journey. It‘s quite exciting
to stand with the sightseers who throng the bridge and watch the
men with long iron hooks steer the huge logs away from the but-
tresses; and perhaps the excitement is rendered a little more intense
by the discussions as to how much of a strain the bridge could stand,
and what the chances are of our being swept right out to sea by the
flood. But we don’t have more than one such excitement during
a winter. There is far more sunshine than rain, and, after a rain,
how the sun docs shine. It seems as if all Nature had taken the
elixir of life. The hillsides are of emerald sheen; sea and sky Vie with
each other in intensity of coloring; every garden sends up its fragrance
of Violets and roses; and all along the Cliff Drive the meadow larks

' moss, shells and all sorts of marine curios.

sing their little hearts out for very fullness of rejoicing. But I have
wandered far from the beach.

Santa Cruz beach in winter is only an episode.
the attraction.—bright with many colored tents and Japanese um—
brellas. with crowds of pleasure seekers in all the bravery of summer
attire, with girls in natty bathing suits, and happy little folks wading
or playing on the sands. All is life and jollity,—reading and gossip
and flirting and afternoon tea in the tents. criticism on bathers and
bathing suits, an exchange of ideas on fancy work which the ladies
bring with them and never work on—how can anyone work with so
much to occupy the eye and the attention!

The masculines are well represented on Santa Cruz beach in sum—
Most men like sea—bathing. and those who don't, like to look
on. \Ye have staid papas who take their young offspring in for first
lessons: young and old bachelors. business men. and men of fashion.
for in this respect the beach is alike in summer and winter. In both
seasons it has its howling swells: and, when the San Francisco Yacht
Club comes down. there are a great many of them.

For those who can‘t stand the sea—bathing or don’t like the exer—
tion. there are the hot salt—water baths and the plunge, both delightful
at all seasons of the year. Many people learn to swim in the plunge
bath before essaying surf—bathing.

There are a number of stores along the beach for the sale of sea
They are well worth a
visit. as there are beautiful shells from all parts of the world. and fine

In summer it is

11161‘.

collections of sea moss or sea weeds.

The sea moss industry. though a modest. is quite a thriving one.
A. number of women acquire pin money by gathering and pressing
the beautiful mosses and making them up into various designs for
the market.
and acceptable gift for a friend. or a charming souvenir to carry home
after a pleasant visit to Santa Cruz.

There are. fine beaches at Twin Lakes. Capitola and Aptos, all of
which afford good bathing. Then out toward the ocean are the
Lighthouse beach. one just above Vue de l‘Eau. and Moore‘s beach,
where there is a natural aquarium. “hen the tide is out you can go
on the rocks and find star fish. anemones which open out like beauti—
ful flowers and shrink up into repulsive looking globes when you touch

A book of perfect specimens makes a very handsome

them, and many other wriggling and slimy sea products, most of
them more curious than beautiful.

These beaches are delightful places for mussel bakes, and the nuts
sels can be had in abundance from the rocks. A mussel bake is a
jolly affair on a bright day in winter. You want a few congenial
companions, plenty of bread and butter, hot coffee, or claret if you
prefer it, and you'll find that the mussel on its native heath (or beach)
is a most appetizing delicacy.

Santa Cruz is a gr ‘at place for picnics of all kinds and at all seasons.
and it doesn’t take much to scare up one. \V'ashington's Birthday
generally sees at least half a dozen picnics well under way, and the
numerous beaches get their fair share of attention. \Yashington‘s
Birthday is, l believe, not considered a tip—top day for picnics in less
favored climes than this: the weather is apt to be unpropitious. But
liebruary is one of the finest months we have here. Most of our
stormy weather comes in January and March, and February is a
between season when humanity and natur‘ alike bask in the sunshine.
The Santa Cruz The Santa Cruz County Courthouse is built on
Courthouse. land, the larger part of which was donated by Mr.
Cooper, one of the foremost citizens of the county in his time. The
only consideration of the deed was that the land should be continu-
ously occupied by the County Courthouse. “hen the great fire of
1894 swept away the Courthouse. as well as all th ‘ adjacent business
buildings, it became necessary to rebuild at once in order to hold the
title to the land in the community.
expense by a direct tax.

It was decided to defray the
,l ’lans for the building were accepted early in
It was
proposed to finish the work of building by April. 1896. but owing to
complications which arose, and unavoidable delays in obtaining
in
order to secure, beyond peradventure. the title to the land, Judge J. H.
Logan. then on the Superior bench, caused a small frame building to

1895, and work was commenced that y *ar on the structure.

material, the work was not near completed when April arrived.

be erected on one corner of the lot. and in these modest quarters he
continued to hear causes until the Courthouse was ready to be occu-
pied in November, 1896. In December the building was formally
turned over to the. county.

The new Courthouse was constructed by R. if. McCabe. on plans
furnished originally by an architect named Cornstock, but afterwards

modified by Supervising .\rchitect Thomas Beck. It is built of light

buff brick. with facings of Plumas County bluestone. The Courthouse
is a very handsome building, and its interior finishings comprise all
that is latest in public buildings. The quarters of the county officials
are commodious, high—ceiled, well-ventilated rooms. The Judge’s
chambers are simply and elegantly appointed. The courtroom proper
is a roomy apartment, and the furniture is very elegant and in excellent
taste.

The chief entrance to the Courthouse is on Cooper Street, named
after the generous donator of the Courthouse site. It is a lofty, arched
entrance, trimmed in bluestone, and adds greatly to the architectural
beauty of the structure. Springing above this arch is a lofty tower,
open on all sides. and uniting graceful and harmonious outlines with
reposeful strength.

The people of Santa Cruz County are very proud of their Courta
house. Its construction necessarily occupied much of the time of the
Board of Supervisors for nearly two years, and they exhibited great
zeal and firmness in overcoming vexatious delays, and in forcing con—
tractors and sub—contractors to put into the building only the very
best materials and workmanship. Usually the erection of costly
public buildings is followed by this or that disagreeable scandal,
resulting in the exposure of more or less corruption, thieving and job—
bery; but these things were fortunately absent in this work, and the
judgment of builders and architects of experience is that the county of
Santa Cruz‘ has the best public building ever put up in the State for
the same amount of money. Much of the credit of this happy result
is due to the zeal, energy, faithfulness and technical knowledge of
Superintendent Beck. A man of unquestioned honor and integrity,
and an architect of skill and experience, he watched every detail of
construction as jealously as if the building was going up at his own
The Board of Supervisors stood by him steadfastly
whenever differences arose between him and the contractors, and the
result is the splendid structure which to—day adorns the city, and which
is a source of pride to the whole county.

Previous to the erection of the new Courthouse there had been a
strong sentiment in the lower end of the county in favor of county
division. The rich I’ajaro \Valley longed to be a county by itself.
taking in, incidentally, a slice of Monterey County to swell its propor—
tions. But the project did not succeed in the Legislature, and when
the cornerstone of the present Courthouse was laid with appropriate

sole expense.

ceremonies, the Pajaro people joined heartily in the exercises, and
both ends of the county clasped hands in union.

The Board of Supervisors has decided to add to the Courthouse a
fine law library, containing all the reports which are so essential to
court procedure and so necessary. to an attorney in the preparation of a
case.

The present Courthouse was constructed under the direction of the

Board of Supervisors for 1895—96, consisting of the following gentle—
men: Chairman James A. Linscott, Joseph D. Enright, S. H.
Rambo, A. G. Lay and A. P. Stanton. The portraits of these officials
appear on page 14 of this work. The superintendent of construction
was Thomas Beck of \Yatsonville. The contractor was R. H.
MCCabe. The greater part of the brick was burned in Santa Cruz
County. The cement for foundation floors was furnished by I. L.
Thurber & Co., and was all made in the county. The work was done.
by Santa Cruz County mechanics, under the supervision of Santa Cruz
County builders. The result is a building which is second to none in
the State for the purpose for which it is designed.
\Yallace—Reynolds \\'oman's Relief Corps, auxiliary to
\V'allace—Reynolds Post, G. A. R., was organized in
Santa Cruz in 1888, and has done much effective service in the various
lines to which the corps is devoted—lines which include charity and
assistance to all needy soldiers, sailors and marines of the late war, with
their families.

The following officers were elected at the annual meeting in Decem—
ber, 1896: President, Mrs. Jennie Reading; S. \'. 1’., Mrs. George
Piper; J. V. P., Mrs. Alice Sylvester; Treasurer, Mrs. Rhoda R.
Knapp; Chaplain, Mrs. Mary Hunter; Conductor, Mrs. Arminda
J. Ross; Guard, Mrs. Laura Plumm.

The Masons of This order is in a flourishing condition and boasts many
Santa Cruz.

Woman ’5
Relief Corps.

leading citizens among its members.

Santa Cruz Lodge, No. 38, F. and A. M., was organized July 16. 1853,
and has had a continuous and successful existence of over 43 years.
It began work under a dispensation granted by the Grand Master of
California. At the session of the Grand Lodge held in Sacramento in
May, 1854, a charter was granted Santa Cruz Lodge.

The officers elected at the organization in 1853 were: Henry G.
Blaisdell, Master; Albert Sinclair. Senior \\'arden; N. H. Stockton.

Junior \\'arden; James Burnett, Treasurer; Peter Tracy, Secretary.
Lucius Sanborn, of \\'atsonville, was one of the first members.

In 1887 the handsome Masonic Temple, standing on Pacific Avenue
at the head of \Valnut Avenue, was completed and dedicated with im-
pressive ceremony.

The commodious lodge—room 011 the second floor is elegantly fur-
nished. and there is also a banquet hall, with kitchen, etc.. on the first
floor. Offices and a large drug store occupy the rest of the building,
and the value of the property is estimated at 12,000.

The membership includes many faithful officers. I3. S. \Yest has
served a number of terms as Master; \Vm. H. Bias has been the Secre-
tary for twelve years and has only this term positively declined to serve.

13. \\'. Lucas is one of the war—horses of the lodge, and has been
inspector of this district as long as the Masons hereabouts can remem-
ber. John \Verner has carried the cash most faithfully for many a long
year.

Following are the present officers: \\'. M., Dr. B. A. Plant; S. \V.,
Herbert Cox: J. \\'., H. J. Godfrey; John \Yerner, Treasurer (27th
year): E. S. \Vest. Secretary.

There is also a chapter of Royal Arch Masons, No. 38, of which the
following are officers: High Priest, Dr. T. \\'. Drullard: King. C. D.
Folsom: Scribe. Dr. B. A. Plant; 'l‘reasurer, S. A. Bartlett; Secretary,
\Villiam H. Bias.

Santa Cruz Knights Templar, of whom there are a number. belong
to \Yatsonville Commandery, the only one in the countv. The Mvstie
Shrine has also numerous votaries here. i i

The Eastern
Star.

Connected with Santa Cruz Lodge is ldlewild Chapter.
No. l(). 0. F. S.. an adjunct much cherished by the
Masons. and one which does effective work. The officers? are:
\Yorthy Matron. Miss A. E. Howard: \\'orthy Patron. Dr. T. \V.
Drullard: Associate Matron. Mrs. P. 0.. Tucker: Conductress. Mrs.
Bertha Spedding: Associate Conductress. Miss Clara Dyer: Treasurer,
Mrs. L. Lorenzen: Secretary. Miss Carrie Steinmetz: Adah. Miss
Minnie. Dyer: Ruth. Mrs. Rose Reed: Esther, Miss Lulu Steinmetz:
Electa. Mrs. M. Thompson: \Varder. Mrs. M. A. Longley: Chaplain.
P. C. Tucker: Marshal. Mrs. R. Schwartz: Organist. Miss Ida Folsom;

Sentinel, Bernard \Vise.

l 0 0 F Numerically and financially the lndependent Order of Odd
Fellows is the strongest fraternal organization in the
and county. Away back in 1860, on the 26th of April, Branciforte,

90, the mother lodge, was instituted.

city
No.
In 1868, such had been the
growth in 111*mbership, another lodge, San Lorenzo, No. 147, was
instituted, and still they grew. The necessity of a building was strongly
felt, and after the second lodge was formed, about the year 1871, the
nucleus of the present handsome edifice was begun. D. C. Fargo, an
active Odd Fellow, now one of the grey—h *aded members. but still
The property belonged to the Odd Fellows in
common, and they also soon acquired the very b ‘autiful and sightly

active, was the builder.

tract on the east side of the San Lorenzo River, which has been im—
proved as a cemetery, and makes one of the handsomest resting places
of the dead in the State of California.

In 1888, the orders hads so grown that the building which, for almost
twenty years, had been their home, became too small for the big family
of Odd Fellows, now largely increased by the Daughters of Rebekah.
lsabella Lodge was instituted April 27. 1874. and has been a thrifty
in this year of 1888, the l. t). O. F.

After these improvements it pos-

b ‘anch from the very beginning.
building was materially enlarged.
sessed lodg‘ and banquet rooms, anterooms and numerous offices on
the second and third floors, while two large stores and the city post—
office occupied the first story. Last year, 1895, the wealth and the
needs of the three lodges were such that a large addition in the rear
of the block was made, and one of the largest and finest lodge rooms
in the State was finished and furnished.

lts officers are as
M. A. Reese. l’. (L; Dr. C. l.. liliss, N. (1.: A. L. \\'illiams,
\v. G.: Ed M. Silvey, Recording Secretary: J. S. Collins. Permanent
Secretary; J. H. Carney, Treasurer.

Branciforte Lodge now numbers 267 members.
follows:

San Lorenzo Lodge, with a membership of 275. has the following
officers: Charles Lewis, 1’. (3.: J. \\'. Dodge. N. G.; \\'. \V. Lane.
\V. G.: C. B. lilyrne, Recording Secretary; John Severio, l’ermanent
Secretary; A. P. Swanton, 'l‘reasurer (38th term).

Among prominent members of l. O. O. F. are A. l". Swanton, whose
brethren have shown their confidence in him by electing him for thirty—
eight successive terms to take care of the coin: Dr. T. \V. Drullard.
M. A. Reese, Dr. B. A. Plant, and many others.

lsabella Rebekahs have a membership of 295, and the following
officers hold the chairs of 1897: Mrs. Matt Rawle, P. G.; Mrs. Ida
Relly, X. (j.; Mrs. Elvira Lane, V. G.; Mrs. Anna Bradley, Recording
Secretary; Miss Daisy Longley, Permanent Secretary; Mrs. Mary
lzant, 'l‘reasurer.
Knights of Avalon Lodge, No. 89, was instituted in September, 1883,
Pythl'aS- by Grand Chancellor Fred W. Bell. It has a membership
of about 125. and holds its meetings Monday evening of each week at
Native Sons' llall. Following are the officers: Chancellor Com—
mander, \\'illiam Gardner; \‘ice Chancellor, W. A. McGuire; Prelate,
t‘. E. Pringle; Keeper of Records and Seals, R. H. Pringle; Master
of Finance, Ed M. Silvey; Master of Exchequer, W. E. Lynam;
Master—at—Arms, Fred Champlain; Master of the Work, F. J. Hoff-
mann; Inside Guard, H. E. Irish; Outside Guard, S. Sonognini. C. E.
Lindsay, District Attorney of Santa Cruz County, is a prominent
member of this lodge, has held its highest offices, and is Past Grand
Chancellor of the grand lodge. He was last year presented with a
very handsome jewel by the order as a token of appreciation of his
services. i
The Naval
Reserve.

The Fourth Gun Division, Naval Battalion, N. G. C., was
organized June 13, 1895. It is in a flourishing condition,
with seventy members, well equipped, and completely uniformed. The
arms include the Lee magazine rifles, cutla'sses and revolvers, one
gatling gtm, two three—inch and rapid firing guns.
boats, a cutter and a whale boat.
Reserves are doing

They have two
The drill is thorough, and the

A. A.
commanding; Harry B. George, Lieutenant of
Junior Grade; C. F Lindsay, Ensign; \V. E. Miller, Junior Ensign.
During the past season the United States warships Philadelphia and
)l‘onadnock spent two weeks in the bay near Santa Cruz for the pur—
pose of inspection and drill of this battalion.

good work under the following officers:

Morey, Lieutenant

Santa Cruz Lodge. No. 46, A. O. U. W., was organized
August 14. 1878. with the following persons as charter
members: Andrew Craig. Duncan McPherson, Philip Frank, O. L.
Gordon. E. G. Heacock, Geo. Otto, E. Bowman, F. \N. Bliss, C. C.
Moody. C. Park. Dr. B. Knight. G. W'. Alexander, J. B. Hickman,
F. L. Saunders. J. \l'. Nelson, D. L. Adams, E. G. Farnham, C. D.
Alarcon. Hamilton Fay, T. B. Groome, Charles Kaye, C. A. Mette,

A. O. U. lV.

J. W. Langdon, J. Arrellanes. and (C). J. \\'alser. Total. 25 members.
The first officers were as follows: Andrew Craig, Past Master \\'ork~
man; Duncan McPherson, Master \\'orkman: Philip Frank. Foreman:
O. L. Gordon, Overseer: E. G. Heacock. Recorder: Cxeorge Otto,
Receiver; E. Bowman. Financier: F. \V. Bliss. Guide: C. C. Moody.
Inside Watchman; O. J. \Yalser, Outside \Vatchman: O. L. Gordon.
C. Park and B. Knight, Trustees. The present membership is 129.
The present officers are as follows: C. D. Alarcon. Past Master
Workman; C. E. Hyde, Master \Vorkman: If. M. Swan. Foreman:
George H. Piper, Overseer: Hamilton Fay. Recorder (since January I.
1883); I. L. Blaisdell, Financier (since July I, 18833: P. \Y. Lucas.
Receiver (since January I, 1892): S. B. Swanton. Guide: E. Larsen.
Inside Watchman; H. Adams. Outside \Yatclnnan: G. H. Piper. .\. H.
Kane, D. McPherson. Trustees: D. Knight and J. A. McGuire. Medical

 

and educated more than 3,000 orphan children. Pacific Lodge, No. I.
and Richard \\'illiams planted the seed way back in the early days of
this city. which has borne such good fruit. Pacific Lodge lived and
continued to be active for about 20 years. but then succumbed. A few
years later, March 28. 1882. Santa Cruz Lodge, No. 499. was organized.
and has continued actively at work ever since. It now has a member—
ship of eighty. and is doing a splendid work. more particularly among
the young people. It is safe to say that 2.000 people in Santa Cruz.
through the influence of the Independent Order of Good Templars.
have been obligated to total abstinence for life. The officers of the
lodge are: P. C. T.. Mrs. Ella Ichenberry: C. T.. Miss Sophie Shirley:
\i. T.. \V. P. Netherton: Chaplain. Mrs. \\‘. I’. Netherton: Ii. 3.. Eva
Leonard: 'I‘reasurer. Louis \\'illiams: Secretary. Grace King: Assistant
Marshal, .\nna Graves: Deputy Marshal.

Secretary. Hays Rton c:

 

Examiners. Twenty—four members of this lodge in good standing
have died since its organization. and the order paid $2,000 to the widow
of each member, making a total of $48000.

Independent Order The first lodge of the order ever organized on
of Good Templars. the ’acific Coast was instituted in the city of
Santa Cruz 0n the 22d day of February. 1855. Among the charter
members of this lodge are many names familiar in the history of Santa
Cruz County.
from New York, and was a (iood Templar in that State when the order
was in its infancy. The lodge was known as Pacific Lodge. No. 1.
Richard Williams died in this city October 15. 1887. but he lived to
see the order which he founded on this Coast reach a membership of
over 18,000, and the work has progressed until. through the influence of
the order, more than 200.000 persons in California have been obligated
to total abstinence for life. and the order in this State has founded and
maintained a Home for AnybOdy‘s Orphans. where it has clothed. fed

It was instituted by Richard \Yilliams. who came here

Minnie Taylor: (iuard. Levy llanna: Sentinel. lirank Cascbeer;
Lodge Deputy. Lillie Boyle.
Women’s Christian The work of the I'nion is educational as well

Temperance Union. as aggressive. it believes in the old adage.

“An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." and yet. from the
very necessities of the case. finds there must be a constant making up
of the losses and wrongs done by the liquor traffic. Hence the national
plan of department work is closely followed. The evangelistic. under
the care of Mrs. J. L. liverts. our beloved county superintemlent, and
the Franchise, with the efficient leader. Mrs. P. ll. Truax. perhaps
are given more time than any of the other eight or ten departments
adopted.

The fi ‘st lecture course here was under the auspices of the Union.
The

have been secured.

and \\ as so well patronized that several have been given since.
most prominent lecturers and temperance speakers

Two large tri—county conventions have been entertained. schools of

methods and institutes. gospel and union temperance meetings held.
.\ series of illustrated lectures on the effect of alcohol and tobacco
on the system. given by Mrs. N. l3. liyster in the public schools. a
course of lectures on physical culture by Mrs. .\nne Morris. and on
parliamentary drills by Mrs. L. Li. llethel. brought the prominent
members of nearly all ladies' societies together with mutual benefit.
Mothers' meetings have been frequently held, in which important
subjects relative to the best care of children. and the home. have been
discussed, and views from foremost educators read. 'l‘housands of
pages of tempe‘ance and suffrage literature as well as papers have
been distributed. and hundreds of articles furnished the local papers.
which have always treated the l'nion with courtesy and kindness.
During the first years of the Ivnion a free reading room was success
fully sustained. until the Y. M. (f. ;\. requested that it be transferred to

 

them. which was done, believing that the young men would have
greater opportunities for good in its management.

-\ kindergarten was first started here under the auspices of the
Lnion. Mrs. L. C. (ireene, at that time National Superintendent of
that department. being the prime mover. The system is now a part
of our public schools and an honor to Santa Cruz.

.\ great deal of charity work has been done by the Lnion in a quiet
way during the thirteen years of its existence, and the constant appeals
for help in many other directions have been cheerfully responded to.

Several branch societies have been organized and sustained for a
time. The first ones were “The Knights of 'l‘emperance" and “Home
tiuards,” numbering about zoo boys pledged to total abstinence from
liquor or tobacco. These military companies were well drilled and
equipped, and were the pride of the town. and would not have been
discontinued had it not been for the poor health of the leaders. Mrs.
Lindsey and Mrs. C. l’erry.

in

The. Loyal 'l‘emperance Legion reflects much credit upon its former
leaders. Mrs. Rose Case and J). M. Lindsey, and the present Superin—
tendent. Mrs. N. L. Maddock. It is divided into senior and junior
legions, with Leland Hinds, President. and Nellie Sutphen, Secretary,
of the senior. Meetings are held in Temperance Hall every Saturday
evening. juniors meet at the same place each Friday at 3:30 P. M.
l‘resident, ()live l’agan; Secretary, Jessie Tucker.

lit-fore the State Legislature adopted a scientific temperance law,
this subject was presented before the County Teachers’ Institute by
Mrs. 1’. Baldwin, and that body of progressive educators adopted the
study. .\nd before the Legislature passed an anti—cigarette bill, the
council here, in response to a request from the W. C. T. U., passed an
ordinance forbidding the sale of tobacco in any form to boys under
18 years of age. or its use by them. The unions of the county, by

«in

petitioning the lloard of Supervisors, secured a similar one soon after.
Several years ago the union. by a prompt appeal to the City Council,
which just as promptly took action, prevented the establishment of
that most degrading form of vice. the dive, in our city. The union
worked in conjunction with other societies to get the question of
“saloon or no saloon" submitted to the people by being placed upon
the ballots at the election in 1894. but. although the Board of Super—
visors promised that it should be done, the opportunity was not
given.

The i'nion was organized in May, 1883. The officers were: Mrs.
L. Spalsbury, President: Mrs. M. \Villet, Secretary; and Mrs. R.
'l‘hmnpson. Treasurer. The present officers are: President, Mrs. E.
S. Pringle: \‘ice—l’resident. Mrs. P. H. Truax; Recording Secretary,
Mrs. C. B. Hollingsworth: Corresponding Secretary and Treasurer,
Miss Sophie Shirley. Meetings first and third Thursdays of each

month in M. L. Church parlors. Church Street. st. E. S. PRINGLE.

The Gardens of the Sea leach.

HE fortunate sojourner at the Sea Beach Hotel has continually
spread before him a feast of beauty which varies with each
shifting cloud and with every hour from daylight to starlight.
No finer location is there the land over for a resting place where

every sense may be satisfied and gratified.

Between the beach which curves along the shore of the harbor and
the level little valley of the San Lorenzo. where the business portion
of Santa Cruz is built, there rises a low, abrupt. butte-like bluff which
seems to have no particular reason for existence except to be pictur—
esque, with its inland fringe of clinging trees and pretty homes. and
its wonderful outlook everywhere.—landward. seaward.
and Skyward. Just where this bluff—“Beach Hilbfi
pushes itself so close to the yellow sands that its feet
are fairly dabbled in the racing breakers. just in the
place of all others where a hotel ought to be. perches
the “Sea Beach,” rising out of gardens where the slopes
are covered with bloom from January to December.

The picture gives the reader some faint idea of the
rare beauty of the site, and a little study of the confor—
mation of the building will show that there are outlooks
from its windows and verandas in all directions—and
such outlooks! All along the eastern front the picture
is framed by the great curve of the Santa Cruz Moun—
tains, with Lorna Prieta, 4.000 feet high. as the key—
stone. The somber masses of the redwoods. which

 

fruit are the harvests. Over-it all the drift of cloud—shadow and sun—
shine, or the slow march of an inland—surging sea fog,
gusty scamper of a winter shower, makes a vivid and unending change
of light and color.

To the south and east stretches beautiful Monterey Bay.
broad verandas 0n the water front of the hotel one may watch the
summer kaleidoscope of the populous bathing beach, and the surf. may
trace the perfect curve of the shore line down past Soquel. .»\ptos.
\Natsonville. and so onward to the broad gap where the Salinas River

01‘ the sudden.

From the

 

John T. Sullivan.
clothe the heights t0 the sky line, are varied and enlivened by broad. ‘
sunny clearings where little white homes shine out. and where
vineyards and orchards have followed the woodman. and wine and

156

pours its waters into the bay. The low cliffs. which form many
picturesque miles of the coast. have always their feet buried in the
white foam of the breakers. Near by. these cliffs are crowned with the
little settlements of Seabright, liast Cliff. Twin Lakes, with its chapel
lfarther
along. on many a lovely day. the mirage lifts the coast out of the

spire rising against the blue. and Santa Maria del Mar.

dimness of distance. and the bewildering spectacle of two shore lines,
one above the other. ‘ach with its line of dashing surf. and separated
from each other by a stratum of clear blue sky. is often vouchsafed
Straight away. twenty miles to the south. at the foot of
the blue range of the Santa Lucia Mountains. lie the Old
capital of Monterey and the Hotel del Monte. hidden
To the west
lies the headland on which stands Santa Cruz light, and

to the gazer.

from view by a low range of sandhills.

then the bay broadens out to and is lost in the big
Pacific sea.

The Hotel. as it
commodious. attractive—is an evolution from a square,

Sea lleach now stands,—broad.
ungainly dry—goods box of a building which perched
there years ago. all unconscious of its future develop—
l). K. .\beel. who came to
Santa t‘ruz from Kansas City with money and with

ment from the chrysalis.

inclination to invest it in property here. saw the possi—
John
T. Sullivan became. by 1*ase. the proprietor and

bilities of the site. purchased it and set to work.

manager. and. after several distinct stages of addition, change and
improvement. the present edifice was evolved. l‘nder the enterprising
management of Mr. Sullivan. a widely known and genial boniface. the
hotel had a most [)I‘OSPCI‘UUS career. He personally superintended the
details of conducting the great caravansary. and his vast experience
was everywhere apparent. He could socially grace the parlor, or be
perfectly at ease in the club room. where he exchanged many an enter—
taining story with his old~time guests. Mr. Sullivan acquired much of

service

his executive ability through his long in the manage—
ment of the New York l‘ost (Mice. and his extensive travel has
made for him a host of friends. The hotel. which will accom-

modate 400 guests. is in two main structures. one facing south

 

THE GARDENS OF THE SEA BEACH HOTEL, OVERLOOKING THE BAY.

and east, the other west, standing at right angles with each other and
connected by a large, cheery and pleasant dining room. Four hun-
dred and fifty feet of broad verandas form a connected promenade
along three sides of the building, and, with their furnishing of chairs of
all sorts and sizes, make an unrivaled outdoor drawing room, where
the odors of rose and heliotrope float up from the gardens below,
which were the pride of mine host Sullivan, to whose skill and good
taste their beauty is due. “The Gardens of the Sea Beach" are lovely,
fragrant, and quite unique. There was no ground space for the
development of a Del Monte; there was no need of winding walks and
graveled drives when the beach sands and the murmur of the laughing
breakers were so near at hand; so the only attempt made was to make
of the grounds an old—time “pleasaunce,” whose sweet odors should
be alluring and whose twelve months of bloom should be typical of
the land of sunshine and flowers. So the broad porches have been
fenced in from the too familiar sunshine by a fragrant wall of helio—
trope and pelargonium, overhung with a delicate frieze of passion
vine, whose red or purple flowers gleam out like stars from the foliage.
The heliotrope, always abloom, always flinging its odors broadcast,
grows to a phenomenal height inside its slight supporting trellis—ten
and twelve feet from ground to topmost blossom, and only outstripped
by the more sturdy pelargoniums, whose flowers often touch the
fifteen-foot mark and “still a—growing.” This, let it be remembered,
is a statement made from measurements taken on this 15th day of
December, 1896, after a beating rain, and when, in November, we had
unprecedented white frost in the mornings for nearly a week. In this
same Christmas-tide garden are abloom to-day calceolarias, begonias,
lobelia, violets, mignonette, the advance guard of a big white army of
callas, roses, the rarest “Duchess,” Sofrano, Marechal Niel, La France,
and a dozen others, geraniums, fuchsias, carnations, coreopsis, ver-
bena, hydrangea, Chrysanthemums, marguerites, and many more. In
an adjoining garden, where somewhat more attention is paid to detail,
I counted on a Christmas day not long ago, besides all that I have just
mentioned, 32 varieties of blooming roses, 22 of geraniums, 12 of
fuchsias, 5 of abutilons, 4 of honeysuckles, 3 of veronicas, 3 of salvias,
besides solanum, pyrethrum, spiraea, ice plant, wallflowers, laurestinas,
pansies, daisies, primroses, petunias, gilliflowers, larkspurs, narcissi,
pomegranate, scabiosa, Scotch broom, and many more.

But the gardens have wooed us away from the house, and we have
forgotten that the hotel is three stories in height, that it has many
comfortable suites. including baths and fireplaces, and that there are
many pleasant single rooms on every floor. The curving front of the
big drawing room is almost wholly of glass and commands a broad
bay and beach view, while a big fireplace speaks of evening comfort.
Below the drawing room is the gentlemen's club and billiard room.
In the east front is a commodious office, with telephone and telegraph
facilities. There is another big fireplace here as well as in the cozy
little writing room and other pleasant corners. Halls, dining room,
etc., are heated by steam, while kitchens, bake—room, laundry and
cellar are all up-to—date in arrangement.

The broad-gauge track of the Southern Pacific Company runs
directly past the hotel, as also does the electric railway leading up
through the city.

During the summer of 1896 John R. Chace was host of the Sea
lleach, and the house was crowded. Tennis courts, assembly room
and verandas were brilliant with color and musical with laughter.

ISABEL H. RAYMOND.

Over the This bit of description of a trip over the narrow gauge
Narrow Gauge. is from the pen of Fred Somers, and is in his best style:
The run is now down the course of Bean Creek, through the

virgin forest to Glenwood, a station in a bit of meadow. Here
.connection is made by wagon with the Magnetic Springs. Thence

the road winds away among the trees again, by Dougherty’s Mill,
where the great redwood logs are scattered about on the hillsides
like jackstraws, and piles of wood are corded up in every direction,
through tunnel No. 4—nine hundred and ten feet in length—
to the waters of the beautiful, murmuring little Zianthe; thence
through ferns and redwood fragrance to lielton, the San Lorenzo, and
the famous Big Tree Grove. Here the railroad has really something
to brag of, a natural depot, an aisle between great stalwart redwood
stems, whose tops look disdainfully down on the threads of steel, and
the toy engine, and the pigmy passengers.

 

But they shade from the
sun all the same, and are dignified enough to be admired. In this
grove there are eighty—five big trees, with a hundred or two in lower

grades. The San Lorenzo Giant, the big fellow who wears a great

corset of cards that have been from time to time tacked on him by
visitors. is now 280 feet in height. with a claim of 70 feet more of a
topknot, blown off in a storm some y *ars ago. lie is 62 feet in cir—
cumference. measured two feet from the ground. is go feet X inches
in diameter, and the small boys have a straight shin of too feet to the
first limb.
49 feet in circumferente. and by an accidental fire was burned hollow

The llollow, or House Tree, as it is called, is 285 feet high,
in the very early days. The cavity makes a room of m by 20 feet. and
30 feet high, and closely packed will hold fifty people. This tree is
known to have been inhabited as early as 1835: and. in the year 1846,
Fremont, while on his way from San lose to Santa (‘ruz and Monterey.
occupied it with his tw‘entwfive men. Subsequently he built a cabin
near the grove. remains of which are still to be seen. Jior years this
tree was used as a dwelling by a man and his wife: and the, square.
window—hole and place chopped through for a stovepipe are evidences

.\ mile or so above is Felton, with
its tlumes and tramways and lumber industry. In this neighborhood,
many parties from the city have selected camping grounds for the
sultry summer months. North from l’elton. between Santa Cruz and
the extreme Coast Range. and south from Pescadero, there is a vast
unexplored tract of thousands and thousands of acres, called the Great
basin. a somber solitude watered by streams that run down into the
sea through an impassable gulch. In this wilderness there are to be
bear and deer and raccoon and Wildcats,
and the streams are filled with fish. but back to the narrow gauge:
from the liig Tree Grove the route is now down the famous cafion of
the San Lorenzo. \Ve cross the river by a truss bridge; and along a
curving trestl\ among the trees the train takes the right—hand bank
for the run into town. V\'e are but eight miles from it and the sea,
but eight such miles as you never saw from a railroad train before. It

grove from the woodman's ax.

 

found all species of game,

 

that they made themselves very comfortable therein. in another
part of the grove are shown the remains of the first tannery in Cali—

fornia. Another attraction is the stump of a fallen giant that must
have been forty feet in diameter; and in the main grove are burned—out
trees that have a history and an interest. .\t this grove or station
there is a hotel; and the place is fitted up with all the conveniences of
a pl )asnre ground. .It is a very pleasant spot to spend a summer
afternoon, or join in a picnic, or caper about in a moonlight dance.
Everything is sweet—smelling, fresh and free. .\ll about the great
grove is pretty tCO. .\t one side flows along the San Lorenzo, and
across it a rustic footbridge leads to points commanding beautiful
views up and down the stream. This famous grove covers thirty—eight
acres and fortunately for posterity came into the possession of the late
_l. \\'. \\'clch in 1867. Mr. \\'elch fully appreciated the prize which

fell to his lot and early took measures to preserve the magnificent

159

is down grade all the way; and, as the last ear slides around the curves,
a series of pictures present themselves, any one of which would be
worthy of a place on the line in the salon of nature’s masterpieces.
Charming bits of wood and water; rocky bluffs and densely wooded
slopes; and gorges with the blue—green torrent tumbling at the bottom.
Down you go through the short tunnels. Nos. 5, 6 and 7, and the
powder works are seen in the flat to the left, with the white house of
the superintendent perched high on the opposite bluff; and then, over
the mesa or plain where the canon ends, we catch a first and a grand
view of the Long liranch of the Pacific, the blue, the beautiful bay of
Monterey beyond; and while we marvel and rhapsodize and try to take
it all in. there is a warning whistle for the eighth and last tunnel, of
nine hundred feet, directly through the loin of the town; and, when
again the light succeeds the darkness, you are right at the depot, and

in Santa Cruz.

 

 

GRADUATING CLASS ’96, SANTA CRUZ HIGH SCHOOL.
C. PECK. MISS HUNTINGTON. H. me. MISS SCH\\'I£1TZER. If. )ICCANN.

 

 

MISS B.\II.I~:\‘. MISS BARSUN. C. IIIL‘KOK. MISS LAKI; A. I’I')II.\. ]. BERNIHZIM.
MISS VVIIINERY. H. PIPER. MISS I)RULI.ARI). W. BARNES. MISS NICHOLS. (‘1, MUM). MISS Hmn; MISS ”I'llei, I“. PLACE. MISS ’1‘.\INT0N.
MISS MADEIRA. MISS HOWIAND. MISS CI‘MMINGS. MISS anux. J. BROAIHVUUD. MISS Sumnu. F, ARxIS'rImxu. MISS NICHOLS, j. HICKS.
MISS AMIES. MISS HYDE. Prof. WII sox. MIsS HALE. Prof. CLARK. MISS H()\\‘:‘\RI). MISS ’l‘RI I’LL'I‘T. MISS I’UR’I'I’R. E. quIxS'I‘nx. MISS MANSIAU.
MISS FISCHER. MISS Com-2. R, DRIZVNAN. W. SIHw. MISS ADAMS.

MISS TI'RCU’I‘. B. EVANS.

Bench and Bar of Santa Cruz County.

\HE presiding judge of the Superior Court of Santa Cruz County is
Lucas l7. Smith. who was elected in November. 1896. and has six
years to serve. .l‘udge Smith is a native of Indiana. \Yhen a boy
he learned the printing trade in the ofiice of the llluffton Ban—
In 1862, at the age of 17. he left the case to enter the army. enlist—
ing in Company G, One Hundred and liirst Regiment. Indiana \‘olun—
teers.

710’.

He served under lx’osecrans. (irant and Sherman in Kentucky,
Tennessee, (leorgia and the Carolinas. and was in some of the hardest
fought battles of the war. including l’erryville, Stone River. Chicka—
mauga, Missionary Ridge, Lookout Mountain. Renew“; l’each Tree
Creek, Resaca, Atlanta, and the numerous engagements which marked
the line of Sherman's famous march to the sea. Returning to his native
place at the close of the war. he attended the high school, subsequently
studied law at Ann Arbor, Michigan, and then settled at llonham, in
Texas. In 1869 he was elected District Attorney of the county. The
next year Governor Davis appointed Mr. Smith District Attorney for

the Eleventh Judicial District of Texas. comprising five counties. It.

was during his term of office under this appointment that he prose-
cuted to a successful issue the celebrated murder case against Stephen
Ballew, who had murdered a young lllinoisan. by name James l’.
Golden, under circumstances of peculiar atrocity. He subsequently
went to Illinois, courted the sister of Golden, and actually married her.
wearing
brother. The murderer had powerful friends. who fought hard to
save his neck, but, after a vigorous prosecution through all the appel—
late courts, Mr. Smith hanged his man. l’or this he was publicly
thanked by the Legislature of the State of Illinois. In 1874 Mr. Smith
was appointed United States District Attorney for New Mexico. He
resigned this office to lead a company. raised by himself. against the

as his wedding suit the clothes stripped from her murdered

Apache Indians, who were then massacreing the settlers in all direc-
tions.
Texas,

In 1885 Mr. Smith. who was then practicing law in Dallas,
visited California in company his wife. They were
enamored of the delightful country. and in 1888 resolved to come here
to remain permanently.

with

Locating in Santa Cruz. and soon becoming
h b
prominent in politics, Judge Smith was nominated, in 1892, for
Su erior ludO‘e by the I’eo )le’s )artv. In a triangular fight. he was
- b . . b «\
defeated. In 1896 he received the joint nomination of the People's

16r

and Democratic parties and was elected. He is a good lawyer, a
natural politician. and is noted for his suave and cordial manners.
Charles ll. Younger is reputed to be one of the
ablest lawyers in the State. He is a native of
Missouri. having been born in Liberty. His ancestry were of good
Mr. Younger still has in his possession Conti—
nental currency that was paid to his great—grandfather for soldierly
service in the Revolutionary army. In 1855 Mr. Younger came to
There he practiced until 1872,
when his business in the courts of Santa Cruz had grown to such
proportions that he removed to this city and has ever since resided
here. Mr. Younger does not excel as an advocate. His success has
come from 'a profound knowledge of the intricacies of the law, and in
civil cases, involving pure legal propositions, he is one of the most
formidable fighters in the State. He.has the reputation of never
quitting. He is the confidential adviser of several corporations, and
has appeared for one side or the other in nearly every contested estate
case of any importance in the county.

A born leader of men, a shrewd organizer, a
true man, a trusty friend and a stern foe,—weld,
to a character like this. judgment. prudence, and a knowledge of the
law. augmented daily by study. and there you have W. P. Netherton.
This is no machine—made puff. It is the truth, spoken from an inti-
mate knowledge Of the man and a great admiration born of that
knowledge.

Charles B. Younger.

old Maryland stock.

California and located in San Jose.

William P. Netherton.

Mr. Netherton is hardly yetin the prime of life, as years
go, but in all that goes to make the sober, sensible citizen he is old and
ripe. He is the (irand Secretary of the I. O. G. T., edits the monthly
official paper of that organization, is City Attorney of Santa Cruz, and
besides all these duties attends to a private practice as large as that of
any one in the county. A good man, a good lawyer, the soul of truth
and honor, may his shadow grow broader as long as he lives!

joseph H. Skirm, the most striking figure among
the practitioners at the Santa Cruz bar, is one of the
argonauts of ’49. He was the first District Attorney of Santa Cruz
County. Mr. Skirm possesses a unique personality. Fiery of tem—
perament, absoultely fearless, confident in his own knowledge, he lays
down his propositions with no particular anxiety as to whether the

Joseph H. Skirm.

lower courts agree with him or not. But it is noticeable that in the
higher appellate tribunals his contentions are usually passed upon
favorably. Mr. Skirm is an unwearied student of his profession. He
loves the classics. and unites with the knowledge of the lawyer the
attainments of the scholar. He is a close and powerful reasoner. a
determined fighter, and is by common acclaim the leader of the bar
here. The clear logic which he loves is the secret of the force of his
arguments.
Carl E. Lindsay. No young man in California ever rose to high repu—
tation as a practitioner any more rapidly than did
Carl E. Lindsay. A self—made man. he supported himself. through
boyhood and young manhood. by hard and honorable work. at the
same time fitting himself for the profession of teaching. He followed
this with success until 1890. when. being not quite thirty years old. he
was admitted to the bar in September. and in the following November

Lieutenant—Ciovernor Jeter is a member of the
Santa Cruz County bar. and in active practice.
His occupation as a banker naturally leads him into the field of com-
inercial litigation. and necessarily interferes with a general practice of
the profession. He is known as a very humorous speaker. and is a
safe. sound lawyer. His popularity and his skill as a politician is best
vouched for by the fact that in a county strongly Republican he was
thrice. in succession. elected District Attorney of Santa Cruz County.
The I.ieutenant—Ciovernttr is a Missourian by birth, is of fine presence.

W’illiam T. Jeter.

and has the courteous manners of the Southern gentleman.
lioth as an editor and lawyer \V. D. Storey has won

;
W' 0' Storey' reputation. l’or three years Mr. Storey was District
Attorney of this county. and for six years City Attorney of Santa Cruz.
The experience gained during seven y *ars of editorial work still serves
to attract him into that fascinating. if unremunerative. field. and his

 

He at once

County.
forged his way to the front. and his practice. income and reputation
increased greatly. The confidence reposed in his ability may be
gathered from the fact that the city of Santa Cruz. in a suit involving
over a quarter of a million dollars. retained Mr. Lindsay as sole assos
ciate counsel with Judge James L}. Magnire. the leader of the Cali—

was elected District Attorney of Santa Cruz

fornia delegation in the National Congress. Mr. Lindsay is a native
of Ohio, born in Bucyrus. and sprung from Revolutionary ancestry.
His great—grandfather was one of the last survivors of that famous
struggle which made the colonies an independent nation. He is a
very prominent member of the Odd liellows. the Knights of Pythias.
and the Knights of Honor. He excels as an orator. being a fluent and
powerful speaker. and he adds to his great natural abilities the fruits of

persistent and laborious study.

162

contributions to the Santa Cruz Sun/[Hr] were for a long time a marked
feature of that journal. liis style is dignified in the extreme. and he
prefers to handle weighty subjects rather than light events.
Edgar Spalsbury. Judge bjpalsbury is a native of New York. During
the ClYll \\ at he was a captain in the .\i‘m_v Of the
Potomac. He fought at Hull Run under McDowell. and subsequently
in the battles in Northern \‘irginia. ln i875. broken in health. as the
result of overwork in his profession. Judge Spalsbury came to Santa
Cruz. and. in this mild and invigorating climate. again found strength.
lie is now associated with Senator llart Burke in.pi'actice. and is
ranked as an able. astute and honorable practitioner.
( )ne of the most eloquent practitioners at the bar of this

Bart Burke. . . , ,
county is Senator ilill‘l l»urke.

lle is a born advocate
and orator. and his glowing periods have more than once thrilled great

audiences both in the courtroom and in the wider

foruin of political
speaking.

Senator liurke is a veteran of the Civil \\'ar. a lawyer of
l‘arning and resource. and a man universally esteemed for his fearless,
just and upright manner of life. both professional and private. lle
holds a prmninent place in the councils of the State Democracy.

'l‘his young man is going to be heard from some day
outside of the limits of Santa t‘ruz (‘ountyz lie is a
born fighter. and he loves the trial of a hard case as the war horse lt ivcs
the sound of the trumpets.

W. A . McGuire.

lle is an extremely well-equipped young
attorney, and it is commonly said among the legal gentlemen that no
man at this bar tiles better pleadings than does \\'. .\. .\lctiuire.
Success in the profession is simply a matter of time with him.

fine of the most popular young men in the county
is t‘harles .\l. Large and powerful iof
a mind to fit his great bodily si/e. and a hearty. hail—

Charles M. Cassin. . ,
t assin.
frame. he has

sentiment was much against the accused. "I didn‘t have much to go
to the jury with." said Mr. _losselyn to the writer, “so I just backed up
against the wall to conceal the condition of trousers, Opened my

mouth and let the argument flow." The argument flowed to such

Qiultl effect that the accused came out of his difficulty safely. From
that day Mr. josselyn's practice incr ‘ased with great rapidity. There
is perhaps no man at the bar to—day who is an abler advocate. If he

has a fault as a speaker it is in too great fluency.

lien Knight is still young in the practice of law, but
he is a studious. steady young man, and bids fair to
have a bright future. .\t present he is Deputy District Attorney, by
appointment of the lioard of Supervisors.

The young men constituting this firm, C. C. Houck
and .\lbert Green. have yet their golden spurs to

Ben K. Knight.

Houck 6: Green.

win. but those who know them well prophesy a successful future.

 

felltiw—well—met greeting for

all. that makes him welcome in every

gathering. .\s a lawyer

lie

to calling black dark brown. nor to mincing his words.

.\lr. (‘assin ranks as high as any man of his
years in California. is a ready and aggressive speaker. not given
lle fights his
cases stubbornly. believing with all his heart that a lawy e1“s business is
to win. if he can honorably do it. In My”. while yet very young in
the practice. he ran for Superior .Iudge. and such was the confidence of
the people in his ability and character that. although on the Demo—
cratie ticket and in a Republican county. he was defeated by less than
a half hundred votes, and that by a strong and popular candidate on the
opposition ticket.

\Varren l’i. losselvn made his entry into practice
Warren B. Josselyn. ‘ ' '

here in dramatic fashion. L‘nknown as a practi—

tioner. he took the defense in a murder case in which the tide of public

.\lr. ;\laher is one of the leaders of the \\'atsonville bar.
lie is a close. logical reasoner. and relies more upon care-
He is City
.\ttoi‘lley of \\'atsonville at present. and has made an enviable record
as a careful and conscientious public officer.

I). F. Maher.

ful preparation than upon sudden inspiration to win a case.

.\nother of the l*aders of the bar in the Pajaro

. B k . . . .
GeorgeP ur e \alley 1s (ieorge l’. liurke.

.~\ jolly, companion—
able man. and a good and careful lawyer. he is popular in private life
and a success in professional circles. His practice is large.

This young man is rapidly making a high reputation

F J Mum y for himself among the legal fraternity.

He is a Vigor-
ous. aggressive fighter, believes in winning a case if there is any way
to win it, and will doubtless make fani , and money out of the practice
as the y *ars go by.

Santa Cruz Blossoms.

HE babies that are born in Santa Cruz County
are in luck. This is a healthful county. full
of healthy people. The climate entices people
to live out-of—doors a good deal. and the sun
and the sea breezes are fine tonics, that send the
good red blood hurrying through the veins,
make the men strong and firm—fleshed. and the
women clear of eyes and skin and good to look
The parents are healthy, with good red

blood their So baby makes his

appearance on the scene with fine lung capacity.
good fat legs and arms, a prodigious appetite. and an amazing lot of
good looks. I have interviewed I don't know how many mothers on
this subject, and as near as I can gather from my notes there are at
present about two thousand babies in this county, each of which is the
prettiest, sweetest little darling ever born. That is what the mothers
say; and, if they are not authorities on the baby question, who is, pray?
I would like to put every one of those babies in a book. A book with
the pictures of two thousand Santa Cruz babies in it would be worth
looking through, I fancy. But, unfortunately, the scope and limits
of this work forbid any such unique system of wholesale illustration.
So, just by way of samples. a few babies around the neighborhood have
been inveigled into sitting for their portraits. Nor is this done to
please this or that adoring parent. There is a definite object in view.
just as there isin every photograph reproduced in this book; and the
object is right in line with the purpose of publishing this work. I
want you fond Eastern mothers to see the blooming healthfulness of
the little ones who breathe the breezes that blow down from the pine-
covered hills and in from the wide \\'estern seas. I want you to see
the blooming healthfulness that comes to youngsters who can go down
to the long beach and kick their bare legs in the clean sand any day in
the year in which it does not happen to be raining. These little folks
you see laughing out of the page opposite are not picked youngsters
at all. They are photographs gathered in a little neighborhood and
taken just as they happened to come. "Out of the mouths of babes
and sucklings” shall be preached a sermon. ye anxious mothers of the
East, that may chance to fetch you and the little one, whose pinched.

  

’ at.

in veins.

164

wan. sickly face frightens you in your waking hours and in your
dreams. out to this glorious land of sunshine and health. The
remarkable beauty of the children of this part of California is an
invariable source of comment to the stranger. Unfortunately it is a
subtle beauty which the art of the photographer and engraver cannot
reproduce. It evades their utmost skill, because it is not any remark—
able beauty of feature, such as distinguished the beautiful Greek race,
It is rather the beauty of perfect health. of abounding
The skins of the little ones glow,
To meet a troop of

for instance.
vitality, of wonderful complexions.
and their soft cheeks are tinted like the wild rose.
these youngsters trotting along to school is to be filled with a strong
temptation to take every last little chubby boy and girl up in your arms
and bite a piece out of either cheek.

This wonderful. tonic. invigorating atmosphere here affects children
exactly at it affects fruits and vegetables and little animals that are not
human. A thing which always strikes the observant traveler in this
part of California is the wonderful coloring Nature so lavishly uses.
The fruits glow with tints never seen in the Eastern species. The
The birds are much brighter
Accompanying

flowers are gorgeous in their vivid hues.
of plumage than the songsters beyond the mountains.
this vividness of coloring is a corresponding rapidity and largeness of
The vegetables attain a size that astonishes the Eastern man.
The gigantic trees there are trees in this county bigger around than
the twenty—foot square room in which this is written. and higher than
Trinity steeple in New York astound the man used to look upon an
oak as a giant. The birds and fishes attain a greater size than those of
the same sort in the Eastern air and waters. The domestic animals
The California horse is ready for the racetrack
\Vhat. then. is in the climate to cause all
llut the phenomena are

growth.

 

 

attain growth quicker.
when he is a two—year—old.
this physical phenomena. 1 do not know.
here just the same. .\nd this climatic influence strongly affects,
children. They pass easily and quickly through the helpless stage of
baby life; they are soon strong on their little legs; they fairly bloom
with color until they rival the roses. Perhaps this is due in great
measure to the fact that the little ones ‘an play out—of—doors all the year
They are

round. No winter cages the babies from sunlight and air.

as free to lark in the pleasant weather of December as they are in june.

 

 

 

SANTA CRUZ BUDS.

No need to muffle little throats and wrap up little bodies in a land
where the flowers bloom in the dooryards all the year and the only way
one can tell winter from mid-May is by consulting the calendar.

The mortality among well—born babies is atonishingly little. Epi-
demic disease is practically unknown in Santa Cruz, and those
dangerous summer diseases which so often rob the Eastern households
of their little ones in sultry July and. August have no terrors here.
where the cool breezes temper the summer, and there is not a single
night when one does not need covering on the bed. Exposed to neither
extremes of heat nor cold, free to play all day long in the air and the
sunshine from January to January, breathing the ozone of the
mountains and the salt breezes of the sea, what wonder is it that the
babies of Santa Cruz grow fat and strong and healthy. and nearly all

 

“ Going to Leave Me Out?” “ Did Not Think You Would."

come to man’s’or woman’s estate. I know of no land under the sun
where the conditions for rearing healthy, strong children are so ideal
as they are right here in this delightful county of Santa Cruz. And,
if you doubt it, come and see for yourself.

Corralitos The Corralitos Paper Mills manufacture wrapping
Paper Mills- paper, strawboard, and binders’ board, and do a large
business. The machinery is kept running night and day to fill the

orders which pour in from every part of the State. The excellent
quality of their goods explains the prosperity of the firm. The straw-
board made by them is all sun—dried, thus O'iying them a peculiarly

fine quality, appreciated by all dealers. The drying yard of three

166

acres and more is often covered completely with damp sheets, present—
ing an interesting sight. About forty men are employed in the mills,
and the machinery is of the latest and best patterns. Power is sup-
plied by the Corralitos Water Company. The product of the mills is
about six tons of finished stuff per day. The straw used is about all
obtained in the Pajaro Valley. The mills are owned by Peter C. and
James Brown.

Watsonville The \Vatsonyille Mills, owned by G. Trafton &. Son,
Mi’lS- are situated on the corner of Union Street and Maple
Avenue. The firm does a general feed mill business, and sells grain

of all kinds at wholesale and retail. It also buys grain in large quan-
tities for shipment. The members of the firm are popular men,
scrupulously honorable in all their dealings, and enjoy the confidence
and goodwill of their many customers. I

Ancient Order This society has been in existence in Santa Cruz
0’ Hibernians. over twenty—tlu'ee years, and is to-day in a flourish—
ing condition. The membership is about thirty, and all are enthusi-
astic in forwarding the interests of the order. The officers are;
County Delegate. Patrick Dorsey; President, M. Curry: Vice-Presi—
dent. — Hammond: Secretary. \Villiam Murphy; Financial Secre—
tary, E. *Griffin; Treasurer. l’atrick Neary. The society meets in
Neary's Hall.

Annual The annual rainfall of Santa Cruz County is always ample
Rainfall. for the needs of the agriculturist and fruit raiser, and is
never excessive. The following table is compiled from the careful
observations of 0. H. *iliss, who has for years noted with greatest
accuracy the rainfall. The Eastern reader will perhaps observe that
the rainfall is taken only for the time from September to June. That
is because rain is unknown here from June to September. And yet
the herbage and foliage is always green:

Rainfall of 1888-89. 27.17 inches from September 15th to May 15th
" “ 1889—90. 63.19 " “ October 6th to May 26th
1890—91, 27.83 “ September 28th to July 9th

“ 1891—92. 29.95 “ ‘ September 5th to May 15th
1892—93. 39.65 “ September 25th to May 17th

“ 1893—94. 33.26 “ September IIth to June 3d
1894—95. 44.27 ' ‘ September 29th to May 27th

Watson ville
Business Firms.

As it was impossible in the space devoted to \Vatson-
ville to give a detailed account of the business of
each person interested in the city, I will, for the sake of brevity and
fairness, endeavor to include all the firms in a miscellaneous summary.
The following names are, at this writing, those of well-known business
people in this city, and, if any are skipped, I apologize now. They
are haphazarded without regard to precedence in business 2

C. Ford Co., 0. Stoesser, A. Lewis Co., Madden &
Sheehy, 1). Alexander, J. A. Baxter, Cox 8; Beck,
P. J. Friermnth. Mrs. F. Halleck, J. Jameson, Goldstone Brosi, Bur-
beck 8; Co., G. P. Martin, Carl Rappe. J. A. McCallnm, A. Bagge,
Jacob Boehler, A. Heasman. G. Jessen & Co., A. L. Bixby, A. M.
Souza, F.J. Bettenconrt, \'. Len. C. \V. Polk, A. Binsacca & Co.,
James Sheehy, T. Kennedy, E. A. \Vinkle. Jensen & Lauritzen,
Leddy Bros, F. Berry, Simmons & \Vilcox, \V. T. Easterday, A. T.
Swarts, Seitz & Sornborger, A. Carlson, G. M. Bull, Peckham 8;
Lennard, McEwen Bros, M. Tnttle, F,. A. Middleton. The Tuttle Co.,
J. Gallagher, Jas. Lynn, C. A. Cook, Bonde & Jefsen, J. P. Jensen,
Ii. Kumle, Jessen 8; Mogensen, A. \V. Fell, R. M. Coleman, \Vm.
Nelson. Mahen & Cazeau, \Vhite & Freeman, Leonard & Conroy,
G. A. Trafton & Son, Joy & \Vhite. M. Morris, C. Hobson, \V.
Werner, W. Rogge, Earhart & Davis, 15. L. Clark, H. Hetherington,
Sr., W.J. Mellar, Wm. Bolton, B. F. \Vertenberger, \V. B. Cooper,
F. Krough, Besse & Sill, Mitchel & Avila, A. Fischer, J. Oliver,
E. Spencer, J. Remiro, C. l’errino, M. Newman, A. Koehucke, L. l).
O'Neal, W. A. Speckens, H. Hetherington, Jr., J. Lynam, F. John—
son. Atteridge & Sheehy, A. Newman, R. P. Quinn, H. Schesselmann,
M. Mudhenk, C. Smidt, T. J. Horgan, A. J. Mattos, ’l‘hos. Boyter, W'.
C. Coates, Jas. Mooney, L. Ginochio, C. Palrntag, J. B. Edwards, S.
Swanson, S. Strasicich, McGrath & Son, Conrad Jessen, J. S. \Vatts,
A. Silva, A. King, H. Wood, H. Hoisholt, M. Fitzpatrick. L. Strajan—
ovich, J. Aston, H. Toft, J. P. Knudsen, F. C. Russel, E. Fritz,
P. H. Rndeback, A. J. Parker, J. Piroja, Petersen Bros, Thos.
Kennedy, L. Martinelli, P. Petersen, W. B. S. Co., Dorsey & Rey-
nolds, C. E. Peckham, W. R. Radcliff, J. Hetherington, G. B. Fletcher,
Maher & Holbrook, F. J. Murphy, A. Dickerman, \V. D. Rodgers,
P. K. Watters, S. C. Rodgers, A. W. Bixby, Chas. E. Beebe, Morning
Star Hotel, M. C. Lima, H. B. \Vilson, C. Pearce, Leonard Hope,
C. B. Rea, Burland Bros, C. W'heatan, J. S. Jennings, E. F. \Vyckoff,

Miscellaneous .

167

White & DeHart, C. P. Jensen, F. G. Hollingberry, G. P. Burke,
Julius Lee, A. W. Bixby, C. T. Cadwell, Nat Green, W. H. Weeks,
Loma Prieta Lumber Co., R. Burnard, Corralitos Water Co., Lynn &
Lacrabere, J. H. Skow, P. Andrews, Jas. Ryasan, P. Peverota, G.
Hollenbeck, R. R. Exchange, Columbus Hotel, N. Burton, W. N.
Clark, M. S. Lopes, G. Pfelfer, L. Davis, J. W. Mitchel, John Silva,
Maxim Gas Co., F. \Verner, C. L. Butterfield.

Miss L. Chapman, Madame Chaedle, Mrs. Hawkins, Mrs.

M 'II' . .
I mers Scales, Mrs. Downey.

Across the Just as other great cities, such as New York for instance,
RiVer- have their suburbs extending across some near-by river, so
we, too, have our Brooklyn. It is not a place of very great commercial
importance, although there are a number of business houses scattered
along Pajaro Street. The most important feature of Brooklyn is its
Chinatown. This undesirable lot of beings once thrived in Watson-
ville, but, by ordinance, were made to move out. Rather than see
them starve on the highways, Mr. John T. Porter built a town for
them on the Pajaro side of the river. There they live apart from the
white residents, have their own street, and, as they do everywhere
that they are allowed to band together, have and exhibit a supreme
contempt for the white race.

There is a Chinese mission established in Brooklyn, and some very
earnest people labor for the salvation of the heathen, but, as I once
heard a man remark, “he wont be salivated.” Still, their success
seems encouraging to them, for they continue the mission school, with
quite a membership. There is, too, a joss house, and that is well
patronizediby the pagans.

Brooklyn has electric lights, supplied from this side of the river,
and theiChinatown part of it has a fire company.

The white population having business houses and neat residences
along Pajaro Street are not, as might be supposed from their proximity
to Chinatown, of a socially inferior class, but are, as a rule, as respect-
able as any closer resident of the city. '

[For the descriptions of Watsonville and the famous Pajaro Valley
the compiler of this book is indebted to the pen of Mr. Will S.
Sanborn, one of the cleverest newspaper men in California. The
information given is accurate, and the style of the writer speaks for
itself—THE EDITOR]

The Pioneers of Long before the argonauts came pouring through the
Santa Cruz. passes of the mountains into the land of gold. there
were white men, speaking the English tongue. on the shores of the Bay
of Monterey. Some of them were traders: some married daughters
of the Spanish dons and settled down amid the fioeks and herds of the
pastoral country. Later came the adventurous men who rallied about
the Bear Flag, and who hailed with enthusiasm the assumption of
dominion by the United States. Then, close on the heels of these
stirring events, north and south and east traveled the tidings of the
finding of gold, and that famous rush set in, on whose wave of hope
and enthusiasm was borne into the wilderness the civilization, the
institutions and the men of the elder countries. It is a brave story,—
the tale of that marvelous and mighty movement; and some day there
will arise a man wise enough and brave enough to tell it candidly.

   

simply, and as it really occurred. The universal testimony of the men
now living who had a part in that extraordinary immigration is that
its history has never been written. Falsehood there has been in plenty:
fiction there has been. full of types such as no mortal eye ever saw in
the flesh: pathos and spread-eagleism and flash rhetoric there have
been in quantities to sicken the toughest stomach. Truth yet awaits
the brain and hand of a strong man to resurrect her from this mass of
calumny, fulsomeness and absurd tommyrot and show her to men in
her naked beauty and picturesqueness.

It has long been the fashion of the poll-parrots of contemporary
scribbling to represent the early days of California as days of
unchecked license, of unrestrained drunkenness and riot. of causeless
and unpunished murder. The men of those days are pictured as
cruel and dangerous desperadoes. hesitating at no crime and shedding

 

blood as lightly as a smoker flips the ash from his cigar. The popular
conception in the Eastern mind is that the fifties in California were a
carnival of crime. a dance of death, wherein men baptized themselves
into the service of the devil with much shedding of blood. This con-
ception has tended to distort. too. the Eastern conception of California
as California now is, and more than one person has crossed the Sierras
expecting to come upon a red—shirted populace engaged in bucking
the tiger between drinks. Such nonsense is merely laughable out
here. Yet there are quarters in which it does harm to the State. I
propose to show from facts known to every intelligent man that the
California of Bret Harte never existed at all. and I appeal to the pho-
tographic reproductions and the facts and statistics of this very work
to prove that to—day there are no communities under the sun more
advanced in the refinements of civilization, more orderly. intelligent

“hols

A qu e s _-
s;
2;

‘ 5

and pleasant to live in. than the towns and cities in this great domain
which the pioneers rescued from wild animals and wild men and
dedicated forever to be the dwelling place of their children and their
children's children.

in the first place the supposition that the pioneers were lawless and
desperate vagabonds is absurd on its face. The great host which
crossed the plains or rounded the Horn was recruited from the ranks
of the farmers. mechanics and laborers of the Eastern States. At that
time the curse of ill—got wealth had not yet corrupted the national
character.and the States were peopled with a brave. hardy. (iod~fearing
stock. who had won liberty with red blood. and whose industry,
sobriety. piety and valor recalled the best traditions of the ancient
Roman people. It is impossible to believe that these men. trained
to maintain their rights and respect those of others. brought up in the

I 687

fine old schools of early .\merican life——it is impossible. I say. to
believe that these men were transformed into bloodthirsty and utterly
lawless and impious wretches by simply journeying into a far wildetv
ness. They were not \\'illie~boys. with chrysanthemums in their
They

There was the stuff in them

buttonholes and lisping tongues wagging in their foolish jaws.
were men—strong, determined men.

of which great commimwealths are wrought. They were after

gold. and they meant to have it with the strong hand. lint it was the
strong hand of honest and insistent labor. not the strong hand of the
freeboote' and ruftian upon which they depended. Nothing daunted
their fearless souls. They crossed the deserts. they climbed the moun—
tain ranges, they explored the unknown valleys. they turned the very
rivers from their beds. and upturned the soil of valley and hill alike in

the hot hunt for gold. l'nduestionably in this great army of adven-

There still dwell in our midst many of these brave Old
men who. in the flush of young manhood. laid the broad foundations
of law and order and constitutional liberty upon which the edifice of
the cmmnonwealth has been securely builded by their descendants.
They are marked men in the community—marked by an honorable
and upright and frank and fearless bearing. Still warm in their
old hearts glows the fire of that pluck and daring which carried them
across the deserts to the land of gold, which sustained them in danger
and abode with them in failure or in success. The fruits of their
courage. their endu‘ance and their hardships lie all about them.
\\'here they struck the pick into virgin soil stand cities and towns or
The schools they
planted have sprung up and blossomed and flowered into a magnificent
educational system. cap—shcafed with the two great universities which

splendid men.

spread the wide acres of meadow and farmland.

 

turers there were bad and desperate characters. and these bad and
despe‘ate characters. in the absence of regular tribunals, were dealt
with righteously and swiftly by the only available court—that of hludge
Lynch. It is still hard to convince those who remember those days
that life and property ar: any safer. or that justice is meted out with
an evener hand in our stately court buildings than it was when a camp
gathered in the open air. and. listening fairly to a prisoner's defense.
voted then and there on the question of his guilt or innocence.

The men of ’40 were men of like passions and intirmities with our—
selves. and among many good and brave there was the inevitable few
who were bad and cowardly. Naturally. the deeds of these despera—
does became the gossip of the camp, were magnified and colored by
tradition. and finally came to be accepted as not only part of history,
but as illustrating the manners and customs of the whole body of gold—

seekers. ;\ more atrocious libel was never brought against a body of

169

rival in their lusty May the glories of those ancient institutions which
The rude frontier meeting—house has given
place to stately temples of religion adorned with all that wealth and
pious zeal can command of the hand of art. The trails which they
Maxed through the primal forests have widened into great thorough-
fares. over which goes the traffic, of a hundred cities. The Villages
they planted have become gr 'at marts. And nearly all of this won-
derful transformation. more marvelous than the wildest dreams of
fancy, has been wrought by the stubborn, persistent courage and labor
of the pioneers themselves.

The monument of the men of ’49 is this commonwealth of California.
Let it speak of their virtues. their industry, their faith and their valor.
\Yhat nobler and higher eulogy can human effort hope to win than
that which comes from the sonorous throat of a great people, rejoicing
in its liberties and in its heroes!

adorn the elder lands.

Some of (Der Real Estate Firms.

NE of the principal real estate firms of Santa Cruz County is that
of Mathews & Tuttle. T. V. Mathews and Oscar L. Tuttle have
been in partnership since 1893. and they have. in the intervening
years, consummated some very large real estate

deals. The senior member purchased the interest of S.
Drennan, in the firm of Drennan & Chace, real estate
and insurance brokers, in 1890, and the junior member
purchased the interest of Mr. Chace in 1893, as stated.
Before embarking in the real estate business. Mr.
Mathews was assessor of Santa Cruz County for eight
years. This is a Republican county, and Mr. Mathews
is a Democrat. His election and re—election to the most ..
important and highest salaried position in the county
speaks of his personal popularity in no uncertain tones.
Mr. Mathews is a native of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. and
came to Santa Cruz in 1878. The junior member of
the firm, 0. L. Tuttle, is a native of Kentucky. He
came to Santa Cruz in 1875, when a boy of 11 years.
After four years spent in the public schools, Mr. Tuttle entered the
employ of A. J. Hinds, real estate dealer, with whom he remained nine
years. He then spent two years in Alvarado in the employ of an uncle.
Returning to Santa Cruz he entered the office of Mathews & Chace
as a clerk, and was with the firm
until he bought Mr. Chace's
interest.

Some of the largest real estate
deals in the history of the county
have been transacted by this firm,
and they are always ready with
information concerning this sec-
tion for all who may
The stranger who wants reliable
climate,

desire it.

information about lands.
residence advantages
adaptabilities of soils, and the like
can go to no more trustwm‘thy
source than this firm. They have

sites. and

 

T. V. Mathews.

 

themselves hundreds of small pieces of land, and several very extensive
tracts capable of subdivision into small ranches which are suitable for
species of ranching—chicken—raising, fruit—raising,
vegetable cultivation, and the like. The firm has also
for sale residence property of the most desirable sort.

l‘erhaps to the Eastern man of moderate means there
is no business in California so attractive as small ranch
ing. \Vith a little capital, and the determination to
work, and the business sense to buy and sell, a man can
make a comfortable living from a very few acres of land
in Santa Cruz County, that is. if he buys with good
judgment. There are no gold—pieces lying around
loose here, nor can a man sit down while the ranch
makes him a fortune. It takes work to make money in
California. just as it does everywhere else. But the
same amount of labor and capital will give better
returns than anywhere else in the United States, barring
Labor is cheap,—too cheap,—
and the Eastern man who depends upon his day’s work for a living
had better stay liast. There is more to do there. and the wages are
better. on an average. llut the man who can bring with him a few
hundred dollars in cash. who can buy a few acres outright. can do
better here than in the East. lie
comfortable liv—
genuine rustler.

nearly

every

no section whatt ver.

can surely make a
ing. and if he is a
with good business sense, he can. in
reasonable time. lay up a good bank
There hundreds of
have and the
opportunities are as good now as
they ever were. in truth. they are
better, for California land
many years held at entirely too high
prices. and the inevitable result was
that. when prices finally had to drop
to entice purchasers. they dropped
below the real worth of the land,

account. are

men who done it.

was for

 

Oscar L. Tuttle.

and one can buy land in this region to—day that will pay for itself out of
a couple of crops. It is only a question of time until values again find
their level, but in the meantime shrewd investors who put their money
into Santa Cruz County real estate will find their investments paying
ones. Mathews & Tuttle have on their lists a number of bargains that
ought to interest the Eastern man who reads this, and who may have
his thoughts turned toward the Land of Sunshine by this publication.
An enterprising. hustling and thoroughly reliable real
estate d‘aler of Santa Cruz is Frank H. Parker. He
has been instrumental in setting on foot some of the finest improve—
ments of the city, and has put hundreds of clients in the way of good
investments. Mr. l’arker deals in both city and country r’al estate.
and handles insurance and loans as well. lie has for
sale a number of small suburban tracts. ranging in size
from one-half acre up. He holds for the market a
number of fine building lots near (iarfield Park. the
beautiful headquarters of the Christian Church. else—
where described and illustrated.
at extremely low figures. They are in a beautiful situa—
tion, close to the electric lines. ten or fifteen
minutes’ brisk walk of the business portion of town,
and command an unobstructed view of the bay and
ocean.

Frank H. Parker.

These lots are offered

within

As Santa Cruz grows it will grow in this
direction, and the homeseeker who buys in the neigh—
borhood of Garfield Park will find his
enhancing in value with each succeeding year.

investment
it will
surprise even some living here to know that the city
of Santa Cruz, with its suburbs, has almost doubled in population in
the ten years between 1886 and 1896. but careful research shows this
to be a fact. There is no reason to doubt that the city will again
double in the next decade, and that money invested in real estate here
will earn ten per cent during that time by the simple process of increase
in land values. The Eastern investor who wishes to obtain figures
for individual use can get from Frank Tl. Parker information at once
accurate and valuable.

The firm of Lincoln & Robinson is composed of
t). I. Lincoln and l‘rank Robinson.
gentlemen of excellent business standing.

Lincoln & Robinson. lioth are

Their list of properties
is very large, and consists of all kinds of real estate to sell and rent.—

 

R. P. Quinn.

ranch properties, city and country residences, cottages, town lots and
suburban dwellings. Mr. Lincoln was long City Clerk and Superin-
tendent of the City \Yater \Yorks. Mr. Robinson is connected with the
Big Creek Power Company—an enterprise which has added much to
the value of Santa Cruz real estate. The firm is in a position to invest
money safely where it will bring a first-class rate of interest, and
intending buyers will find their interests well looked after by these two
gentlemen. Their reputation for square, safe, conservative dealing is
of the very best, and every man in this community at all conversant
with affairs will cheerfully testify to the high standing of this firm.
Eastern investors can correspond with them with the full assurance
that information and advice given by the firm will be accurate,
conservative and entirely trustworthy.

One of the best firms in all this sec-

tion of country is that of Hoff—
mann & Son. The head of the business, Christian
Hoffmann, is one of the solid men, financially, of the
county. The firm does a very safe, conservative busi-
ness, and is as solid as a rock. W. C. Hoffmann,
the junior partner, is as well informed on values and
investments in this county as any man in it. The office
business of the firm is largely in his care, although the
senior member does not fail to give the business a large
share of his personal attention. The firm does a large
insurance business, representing nothing but the most
conservative and solid companies. They enjoy the
confidence of business circles in a marked degree and
are rated AI in every particular.
Joseph Skirm has lived in Santa Cruz from childhood
and is as familiar with the real estate values of this county
as he is with the alphabet. Mr. Skirm is an abstracter and convey-
ancer and has at all times on his list bargains that are naturally attract—
ive to capital. He is reliable and accurate and guards his clients’
interests with a jealous eye.
Mrs. Lucy U. Mrs. Lucy Underwood McCann, widow of Judge

MCCflflfl- McCann, one of the best known and ablest men who

ever adorned the bench in California, and herself a lady with a reputa-
tion reaching across and far beyond State boundaries, deals to some
extent in real estate. Her method is to buy outright properties that

Hoffmann & Son.

Joseph Skirm.

recommend themselves to her excellent judgment. and hold these for
sale to persons who wish to establish themselves in permanent homes
in this delightful county. Dealing thus directly. Mrs. McCann is not
precisely a real estate agent, but she invariably has on hand for sale
ranch properties that are bargains and splendid investments for home—
seekers. Mrs. McCann is enthusiastically devoted to the work of
upbuilding Santa Cruz. She it was who originated the famous
water carnivals. She was sent East as the California commissioner
to the great Cotton States Exposition at Atlanta, and she is always
ready to impart facts and figures about her beloved California to any
one who asks. Correspondents will find her a rich mine of informa—
tion on California affairs.

The pioneer real estate dealer of this
county is Colonel Alfred J. Hinds. For
Santa Cruz with marked success to himself and with
profit to the hundreds of clients who have followed his
counsel in investments. Colonel Hinds. during this
long period, has subdivided and sold in lots several
extensive tracts, and has thus been instrumental in
greatly increasing the population and the area of the
city of Santa Cruz. Among the tracts so subdivided
and now valuable residence lots are the \‘ista del Mar.
the Fairmount Addition, the Blackburn Tract and the
Seaside Tract. Colonel Hinds rates AI in the business
circles of the city. His extensive book. stationery and
music house has a wide reputation over the State. Per—
over twenty years he has engaged in this business in
haps no man in the county is as well situated to advise intending
buyers, and he is, of course, at all times ready to furnish correspon—
dents with safe and reliable information.

One of the very early pioneers of this State is l3. L.
“Villiams. Mr. \Villiams is a perfect encyclopedia of
information as to titles and holdings. He was the first notary public
ever commissioned in California, was employed by the United States
Government as chief expert in passing upon the Spanish grants which
affected the titles to millions of acres in this State. and is without doubt
one of the best-informed men living concerning everything in early
California history. He is an accomplished Spanish scholar. Mr.
Williams is an authority on titles and investments in Santa Cruz County.

Alfred J. Hinds.

E. L. Williams.

   

H. E. Makinney.

11- 5- Makiflflefl H. E. Makinney came to Santa Cruz to be principal
of public schools just thirty years ago. He has been County Superin—
tendent of Schools, County Clerk. Auditor and Recorder, Deputy
District Attorney for three terms and City Clerk for three terms. A
more popular. upright. fair—dealing and honorable gentleman does not
walk the ground. For ten years he has given his time exclusively to
the business of conveyancing, abstracting, dealing in real estate, and
making safe investments for clients. The universal esteem in which he
is held is the best tribute to his honor and ability in his profession,
while the steady confidence and trust reposed in him by old clients
speaks for the keenness of his judgment in investing others' money.
The writer knows Mr. Makinney well, and he takes pleasure in adding
his own emphatic testimony to that of hundreds of
others who think that ”Mac” is everything that a
business man and a gentleman ought to be. No man
enjoys a fuller share of the esteein,confidence and hearty
good will of his neighbors and townsmen than does
If. li. Mackinney.

The hustling real estate men are not all
located in the city of Santa Cruz. \Yatson—
ville has its share. and if not as numerous as their

R. P. Quinn.

brethren in the county—seat they are just as much in
No real estate
man in the county does more to keep things moving
The glories of the l’ajaro Valley
are the topic of his daily talk. and I doubt not that he
dreams at night of big sugar beets. of unapproachable
The Pajaro \‘alley and its
capital town are enough to excite any man‘s enthusiasm, for that
matter.
plan of leaving both seller and buyer satisfied.~one with a fair price for
his property, the other with a profitable property for his price.
Although Mr. Quinn is the typical. alert. hustling. active “Vestern real
estate man, he knows how to combine prudence and conservatism with
energy and activity. and his advice and services are recognized to be

evidence when business is on the tapis.

than does Mr. Quinn.

 

apples. and of no end of sales of property.

Mr. Quinn transacts his real estate business on the sensible

safe and valuable by hundreds of customers.

Another dealer who makes a specialty of property in the
fertile l’ajaro \‘alley and the city of \Yatsonville is J. N.
No man in the business is more favorably known in this

J. N. Besse.

liesse.

county. .\lr. llesse has been instrumental in transferring thousands of
dollars" worth of real estate in the fertile sugar beet belt during the
years he has been in business. lle is regarded as a safe and conserva—
tive man, of strict integrity, and with a careful eye to his clients'
interests. Investors whom this book may attract to make inquiries
concerning Santa Cruz County real estate will find in Mr.
reliable source of information.

lesse a

(ieorge \\'. Sill combines the shrewdness and strong
business instincts of his New England ancestry with the
jolly, hustling characteristics of the \\'estern man. It is little wonder
that he is a success as a r ‘al estate man. Mr. Sill came to \\'atsonville
on a business trip in 1884. The country charmed him, and. winding
up his interests elsewhere, he came to dwell in the
beautiful valley.

George W. Sill.

Since then he has been engaged in
constantly booming things in and about his town. Mr.
Sill is held in high esteem in this county, and his
business reputation is excellent.

()ne of the most active and reliable men
Joe Harveston. .

engaged in the real estate, brokerage
and collection business in Santa t‘ruz is _]oe Harveston.
Mr. .l'larveston holds the official position of constable,
but devotes more time to his own business affairs than
to anything else. lle has the reputation of being a
fearless and determined offiCer, and is never wanting
when his services are needed. llut the smaller duties
of the constable’s office he leaves to his colleagues and
devotes himself to the large and ever—increasing bus-
iness entrusted to him by clients. The Mercantile Collection .\gency.
of which he is the head. is a most successful concern, and the claim Joe
does not collect is not collectible. l le is a hustler in the right sense of
the word, and is absolutely trustworthy and conscientious in the dis—
charge of his duties and the care of his clients’ interests. In real estate
matters his judgment is sound, his advice good and his investments for
clients conservative. safe and profitable. .»\ self—made man, no bus—
iness man’s word is better and no young man's credit superior to that
of Mr. Harveston. Eastern and California investors can rely upon
him as a safe. reliable and shrewd man to handle their interests in
Santa Cruz County. His knowledge of real estate values is very

accurate.

 

Joe Harveston.

The Summer Cottages Perhaps no feature of the Santa Cruz summer
Of Santa le- season is more attractive than the free and easy
life led by those who rent for a few weeks or months one of the many
small cottages which are so numerous and so pretty and—best of all—
so cheap. One can rent a snug cottage, with garden and lawn about
it. and with modern facilities, for from ten dollars to twenty dollars a
month. Furnished cottages command from fifteen to twenty—five dol-
lars per month. The expense of spending a summer at the seaside is
thus really less than staying at home. And if one wishes to spend the
winter—the most delightful season of the whole year—in Santa Cruz,
one can rent a cottage for merelya nominal price. The object of
])rt>perty—owners is to attract visitors to Santa Cruz and to keep them
permanently.

The majority of these cottages are erected for all—
year—round homes, and they are well and solidly built,
connected with mains and sewers, fitted with sanitary
plumbing. and are in all respects ideal homes for per—
sons of moderate means.

,The cottage shown in the illustration is the property
of Mrs. Johans. and is one of a number owned by this
lady, all of which are on the market for sale.

At the ruling prices, made unnaturally low by the
universal business depression of the last few years,
Santa Cruz real estate is a bargain. Money invested
now is safely and well invested. The inevitable reac—
tion must result in a rise in values, and the wise persons
who buy while land is cheap are the ones who will con—
gratulate themselves when land becomes dear. Any person of mod-
crate means desiring to own his or her own home in the most beautiful
region of California will almost certainly find some one of Mrs.
lolians’ properties suitable to the requirements of the intending buyer.
Besides the holdings of this lady, there are numbers of other dainty
cottages scattered about the city, located on delightful shady streets.
with dooryards full of flowers every month in the year, and within a
few minutes’ walk of the long beach over which break the waters of the
vast Pacific. In every sense of the words Santa Cruz is a city of
homes. The neat, cozy cottages, with their trim lawns and shaded
sidewalks, are the pride of the people, and the joy of the stranger who
wanders about the quiet. beautiful residence streets. The spectacle is

one well calculated to fill the strangers heart with a great longing to four hundred acres. and throughout the year presents an appearance
cast his lot in with the dwellers in the lovely city that has grown up of abundance and thrift that is quite typical of the Pajaro Valley farm

about the ancient mission of the Holy Cross. farmer. It is a goodly sight to see.

Mr. Storm does not follow any
one line of production, but alter-
nates the various portions of his
place with crops of oats, wheat,
barley, potatoes, onions, etc., usu—
ally following the indications of
the market for his largest plant-
ing. But his staple crop is oats.
as the rolling land of his place.
receiving the full benefit of the
sun from rising to setting. makes
it especially adapted to this mar-
ketable cereal.

He has never given much at—
tention to fruit raising, as he does
not believe in experimenting
while he has such good reason to
be satisfied with his present
methods of farming. He farms
every acre of the four hundred
with the exception of an occa—
sional year when he rents out
thirty or forty acres on shares.

Mr. Storm arrived in this valley
about thirty years ago, and a
good indication of the stability of
the man and the evidence that he
knows a good thing when he sees
it is the fact that he has been on
this one ranch for twenty—eight of
these thirty years.

The photo herein given of his
place is taken from the south, and

 

 

 

Chris Storm’s Chris Storm’s farm, or, as it is more generally termed while it presents a good view of his residence, hardly does justice to
Ranch. 1n the \Vest, ranch, is situated about one mile from the the whole place, as his land extends west from the house. However,
c1ty of VVatsonvdle, on the west of the Santa Cruz road. It contains the barns, etc., surrounding his home show that he cares for a consid-

erable number of animals in the prosecution of his work. lle wa~

married t\\‘ent'_\=liy'e y ‘ars ago to an estimable helpnieet. and his pros—
perity is. in no small in *asure, due to that union.

the youngest eighteen years
of age, so that all are able to.
and do. assist him in working
his large place.

The last one hundred acres
of his ranch was added only
recently.

llary'est time on )lr.
Storm's ranch is a busy sea«
son. The large number of
agricultural implements nec—
essary for conducting the
work represent a small for—
tune in themselves.

The raising of stock on
such a large place is. of
course. a notable and profit—
able item. and Mr. Storm has
always paid particular :tttete
tion to the improVenient oi
the different grades of stock
kept by him.

Situated above the lower
lands of the valley, with a
natural d‘ain leading directly
from the place to the drain«
age canal. it is needless to
say that the amount of rain
that may [all hardly concerns
this fortunate and observing
farmer. “Never too wet and
never too dry" applies appt‘tr
priately to Mr. Storms

lle has three sons,

ranch. The figures of production would hardly be of interest. since it

is a fact. undoubted by any who know him. that (‘hris makes his land

do its best. and the best that I’ajaro \'alley land can do is better than

can be done elsewhere. even in this glorious State of California.
Mrs. T. Martin’s .\bout three miles front \\'atson\'i11e, upon an elevation

Farm.

at the edge of the uplands toward the beach, stands

 

 

the residence of )lrs. T. Martin. No happier place could have been
chosen for obtaining a View of the Pajaro. The photo shows a sub—
stantial. handsome residence, but to appreciate the full beauty of

    

.r-arm ot Mrs.T

the surroundings one must needs be at the spot. The ranch upon
which this residence stands was purchased by the Martin Bros” five in
number, and contained about 300 acres. but has since been partitioned.
The land is of a diversified nature. ranging from bottom to upland and
enables the owner to produce at will any class of produce desired. :\n

important convenience is a railroad sidetrack and warehouse upon the

place. Mrs. Martin is truly fortunate in the location of her home.
A Santa Cruz 1 have been poking my nose into all sorts of business
Laundry. places for a good many years now, and recently I wan~

dered into one that was new to me. I went into a steam laundry
and watched the process of making soiled clothes clean.
think there is nothing interesting about that.

T

(

Perhaps you
hit there is where you

UN!” .. :Hf‘V-‘HENS (‘0 SF.

 

. Martin.

are mistaken.

It was one of the most pleasant experiences I had en—
joyed for many a day.

Mr. Stumer, of the Cascade. is the gentleman to whom I owe this
pleasure. lle showed me the whole process.

\\'hen the soiled clothes arrive they are taken to the marking room
and a list of the articles made. This list is copied into an account
book and the clothes go to the washing machine. I had a vague idea
that this was something that rolled and hammered and scrubbed the
dirt out. But it isn't. It is just a cylinder revolved by a belt. The
clothes and the hot water and the soap go into this together, and there
they rock back and forth as gently as a bird swinging on a branch.
The clothes might rock there forever without wearing out a little bit.

 

 

The soap is made right in the laundry of sweet, clean tallow. the very
best potash and a little ammonia.

When the clothes come out of the hydraulic washer they go to the
extractor. llere they sit in a basket which whirls round and round.
The centrifugal force squeezes the water out of the clothes.

Now the clothes part company. The sheets. pillowsslips, napkins.
etc., go to the mangle. They take a trip or two through the hot rol-
lers, and come out ironed. smooth and shining.
lady’s napkins and things.

That finishes my
.\nd beautifully finished they are. too.
The shirts, cuffs, collars. and goods of that kind go to the starching—
room. In this room hand work comes into play. There are machines
lint .\lr. Stumer tells me that they are
all more or less destructive to clothes. 50 the Cascade gOes to the

extra expense and does the work by hand.

to starch clothes. of course.

lirom the starch—romn the clothes are taken to a Izsl‘ack steam dry—
.\ starched
shirt, which is the slowest thing to dry, dries in one of the racks in
about an hour.

house. This is kept at a high temperature by hot pipes.

The shirts and other starched articles are taken out of the dry—house,
dampened by hand. and put into a press. Here they lie awhile, and
then the ironer takes a turn at them. The Cascade uses a Sinclair
Ironer. This is evenly heated by gas. and it puts a beautiful finish
upon the shirt—bosoms. cuffs. etc.

The shirt isn’t all ironed when the Sinclair Troner turns it loose,
however. There is the neckband yet. This an ingenious contrivance,
The
bodies of the shirts are then ironed by hand, and the garment is ready
to go home.

called the Kreutor & Nelson neckband ironer, takes care of.

There are a half—dozen young ladies at as many ironing boards who
do up pillowsshams. and all kinds of liner work. liach one has a cute
little gas stov* at her right hand, and each works with the rapid pre—
cision of the skilled operator.

These young ladies

 

as are all the folks employed about the laundry
—ten in all. are resident people.
done in the

There is a great deal of hand work

Cascade. lilannels are never allowed to go near a
lirom start to finish they are washed exactly as a careful
housewife would do the work in her own house. So careful is the Cas-

cade with this class of work that it will not even allow flannels put into

machine.

the dry—house. They are hung out in the open air, and the sunshine
and breezes dry them in nature's own way.

Racing and \\’atsonville has never been, in any sense of the word, a
Wheeliflg- sporting community. During the fairs that were for sev—
eral years a feature of the harvest season no speed contests of any
nature were permitted. Nevertheless there is in every locality where
ninnbers are congregated a certain rivalry as to who shall be possessor

 

 

of the speediest stock of horses.
an exception to the general rule and the maintenance of a race track
has always been considered.

The track at Camp Goodall is a good one, but is so distant from the
city that the question of a means of conveyance to and from there is

In this sense the Pajaro Valley is not

always an important one. The location of another track, nearer to the
city has been prospected for several years. Last season arrangements
were partly made to construct such a track in conjunction with a bicy-
cle track at College Lake. For some reason the bicycle club would
not take stock in the arrangement and it fell through. About the
same time a combination race and bicycle track and baseball and foot—
ball ground was selected by a stock company nearer the city, in fact

just outside the city limits, but the sporting blood cooled apace after

the initiatory steps were taken and the location of such grounds re—
mains unsettled. The proposition was a good one from “start to
finish,” as the racing men say, but the local financiers refused to see it
so. The racing fraternity will yet have a track whereon to cultivate
the speed of the fine stock raised here.

This subject would be incomplete without some reference to the
interest taken in the “silent steed" as the bicycle is poetically termed.
The good roads of the valley are appreciated by wheelmen and more
than the ordinary interest of other localities is taken in wheeling in
this valley. Over twenty thousand dollars have been paid out in the
past few years for bicycles. That fact alone proves that the interest
is genuine and active. A large cyclery on Third Street, conducted by
Mr. G. Hollenbeck, finds a good demand for rented wheels during the
season when the weather invites out-of—door exercise. Acccording to
custom, as soon as the number of cyclists warranted it, a Bicycle Club
was organized. The large hall in the Peck Block makes an admirable
club room and is fitted up for the comfort and pleasure of members of
the club. These number about seventy, and the rooms. with their bil—
liard tables and other games for amusement. are. well patronized at all
times by the active and honorary members. The dues are light. and
the amount of amusing pastime afforded more than compensates for
the expenditure. Healthful exercise is provided for in a room devoted
to gymnastics.

Club runs are indulged in and an excursion to one of the neighbor—
ing towns is a regular summer affair. As a rule from thirty to forty
members engage in these runs. and they are received by the visited
clubs and feasted and feted until thoroughly satisfied. These visits are
of course, returned and a gathering in \Vatsonville of all the adjacent
clubs is not uncommon. The central location of this place, being on
an average less than twenty miles from ten other towns, makes it the
most convenient of any for these gatherings, and the picnic grounds
at College Lake, with an old—fashioned barbecue, topped out with a
ride around the lake on the launch, afford a day’s pleasure not to be
excelled in the three counties.

Bicycle races for prizes are now considered a necessary feature of
every celebration of importance in the district, and \Vatsonville has, as
a natural sequence, produced some record—breaking riders.

The styles of wheels used are almost as numerous as the owners,
although the cheaper grades of wheels have never secured any par—

ticular attention. Lightness. strength. speed and handsome appear-
ance are the first considerations, and price is usually last.

For a long time a bicycle agency in this city was a business requiring
much active attention. but of late the supply seems to have reached the
demand and the business transacted is mostly in the exchange line.

 

Soquel Public School.

Some of the Men Who HaVe Made Santa Cruz County.

HIS picture of Santa Cruz County is in no sense a biographical
compilation. Such works are necessarily of little interest outside
of neighborhood limits. and as this book is meant to go to the
ends of the land it cannot be burdened with matter of no interest

to readers beyond the Sierras.

Yet it will not be of uninterest even to people in distant States to
have presented to them a brief account of some of the men who have
made Santa Cruz County what it is, typical as these men are
of the great mass of people who dwell beneath the kindly skies of this
delicious land. Those who cast eyes of desire toward a
far country, debating whether they shall turn their f0ot~
steps toward it. and in it rear their children and live out
their own lives. naturally wish to know something of the
people amongst whom they may possibly set up the lares
and penates. And so the writer will make no excuse
for introducing in brief words a few gentlemen of whom
Santa Cruz County is proud. and who are very proud of
Santa Cruz County.

Judge J. H. Logan, who has recently retired from
the Superior bench, is one of those pul>lic—s1,)irited men
who make the welfare of the community in which they
live a matter of constant thought and action. He has
been active in experimenting with the different soils of
the county. and has spent money freely to find what
horticultural and agricultural crops are the most prolific
and best paying. The result of one of his experiments is the
famous lLoganberry, in some respects the most remarkable berry pro—
duced in years. He stands high as a just and impartial judge, an
honorable gentleman and a good citizen.

\Villiam T. Jeter is the Lieutenant—( iovernor of California. He is a
lawyer by profession. but devotes the greater part of his time to bank—
ing interests. Mr. ’letcr has a fund of dry humor, and resembles Mark
Twain in his talk, as well as his features.

Carl TC. Lindsay, District Attorney, is a young man, as the years go,
but no lawyer in this section carries an older head on his shoulders.
Mr. Lindsay is particularly strong as an orator, and his unstudied
efforts have often brought his audiences to their feet in a storm Of

 

Lieut.-Governor deter.

applause. He has a brilliant future before him, and the years to come
will see him high in the esteem of the people of his State.

One of the foremost in every enterprise for the public good is
General T. B. Bunting, a gentleman in the high sense of that fine old
term, and a man whose hand and purse are as open as his heart is
brave and kind.

Perhaps the most popular man in all Santa Cruz County is Willis E.
Peck, though he sits at the receipts of customs and is that usually
dreaded official, the tax collector. Mr. Peck, though he has spent
many in business, is particularly fond of
country life, and is never so happy as when he can get
away for a vacation at his beautiful fruit ranch,

years

“Sunnyside.” A Republican in politics, he enjoys the
confidence of his Democratic and Populistic friends, and
the chances are that he will hold office as long as he
wishes.

\Varren B. Porter, manager of the great Lorna Prieta
Lumber Company's affairs, is very broad—gauge young
business man, and is chock full of public spirit. His
business ability is amply proved by the successful con—
duct of the great mills he manages in person.

John T. Porter, of \Vatsonville, is a business man of
very great ability. He is possessed of much natural
force and is a born leader. No public enterprise lan-
guishes when Mr. Porter sets his hand to pushing it to
success. He is held in high esteem by the men of the Pajaro
Valley.

Delos D. Wilder is the owner of the finest dairy farm in Santa Cruz
County. Mr. Wilder is an old resident, is a man of fixed opinions, and
whatever he sets out: to do he always does. An account of his splendid
dairy ranch will be found elsewhere.

Dr. P. B. Fagen is a wealthy physician, with a wide practice. He
has enjoyed for many years the confidence of Santa Cruz people. He
is a public-spirited citizen and a sturdy helper in all good works for
the city and county.

Dr. H. H. Clark, at present Mayor of Santa Cruz, is one of the most
skillful surgeons in practice in the State. He is a man who takes

 

Wm. T. Cope.

Pmmfirywfi: Meambgrg @f {rhea §ama Cruz
[@amfl @f Trimko

   

Robert Cardiff.
J. G. Tanner.

 

W. H. Lamb.

keen interest in public questions and is never afraid to voice his senti—
ments in unmistakable words. He has been phenomenally successful
in politics, never having been defeated for any of the numerous posi—
tions of trust and honor to which he has aspired. He is a most com—
panionable and pleasant gentleman. and he leads in every enterprise
for the public welfare.

Captain Britton. one of the old pioneer residents of Capitola. is a
sterling and admirable old gentleman. He is a man of pronounced
views, and when he believes he is right is not to be moved by anything.
He is an absolutely fearless man, and the county has no better citizen.

Louis \Yenks is another man who is always to the fore with heart
and soul and purse when any public enterprise is on
foot. lie is a shrewd business man, a most hospitable
host. a good citizen. He enjoys nothing more than to
gather his friends under his kindly roof—tree and with
them to fleet the hours merrily. with the good wife to
help the entertainment along.

Thomas L. lfell. of lien Lomond. is a man who has
done much for his section. His abundant means are
always ready to be drawn upon for any wise move—
ment for the common good.

Elihu .\nthony is one of that enthusiastic and cour—
ageous crowd of men who settled California in the
days of the Argonauts. Mr. .\nthony is a man of
great piety, of the most sterling honor,—one whom it
is a pleasure and a privilege to know. .\11 old man
now. he remains among us beloved and respected. an \
example to the young of the fruits of a long and good life.

S. ll. Rambo. of lloulder (freek. is one of the enterprising men of
the mountain region of the county. He is a business man of ability.
and his popularity is shown by his re—election as Supervisor.

A Successful John '1‘
Career.

. l’orter, banker. business man, and politician in
the honorable sense of the word, is a fine example of the
sort of men who came to California in the pioneer days. .\ native of
)‘uxbury, Massachusetts, where he was born in 1830. Mr. l’orter
early found himself inoculated with the gold fever. llis parents were
strongly opposed to the young man’s intention to become one of the
Argonauts, so he made his plans in secret, and not until the stout bark

lferculaneum was about ready to sail out of Boston for San l’rancisco

 

Judge d. H. Logan.

did Mr. and Mrs. Porter learn that young John had shipped on the
vessel. Seeing the boy’s persistent determination, they withdrew
further opposition and sent him on his voyage with Godspeeds and
blessings. Mr. Porter tried mining for awhile, but his New England
shrewdness told him that there were surer and greater returns in trade
than in digging dust. Going to San Francisco he became a buyer for
the \\'ebb Street House. Leaving this position, he entered the em-

ploy of Thomas H. Selby & Co., one of the few surviving pioneer
Mr. Porter's business instincts were too strong to permit him

to remain long a wage—worker, and he soon branched out for himself
in (lraying.

firms.

Ile made money fast and in a couple Of years was in
shape to open a store in Santa Cruz County. In 1855
he abandoned the store to engage in farming. The
next year he was elected Sheriff. It took sense and
judgment and highest personal courage to be sheriff
in 1856. The Vigilantes, angered by the murder of
James King of William by Casey, had taken the gov—
ernment of San Francisco out of the feeble hands of
the authorities and were meting out justice as swift and
terrible as it was fair and impartial. As a result the
thugs and desperadoes who had infested the city
moved out on short notice, and finding their way into
the interior counties, naturally began to make trouble
after the fashion of their kind. An unusually large
number of these desperadoes came to Santa Cruz
County. Then John T. Porter showed the stuff he
was made of,—goo<l Yankee breed that doesn’t turn

tail for man or devil. He hunted these gentry night and day,

nailed them right and left, and finally excited in those uncaptured such

a wholesome terror that the whole lot decamped and the county re-

sumed its normal state of safety and good order. While still sheriff,

Mr. l’orter was appointed. by President Lincoln, Collector of the Port

of Monterey, and this office he held until 1865. In 1874 Mr. Porter em—

barked in the banking business. being chiefly instrumental in founding
the llank of \V'atsonville. In 1888 he assisted in organizing the Pajaro

Valley Bank and is yet the head of that successful institution. Mr.
l‘orter is also a large stockholder in the Loma Prieta Lumber Com-

pany, of which his able and influential and very popular son, Warren

R. l’orter. is the business head. He is a large real estate owner, and

 

 

John T. Porter.

 

0t 10 {icesseh

 

W. E. Peck.

 

James Waters.

 

Patrick McAllister.

manages his holdings with the same keen judgment that he employs in
the conduct of all other business.
progressive movements.
cessful. As a man, he is honorable. upright. candid of speech. cour—
teous and affable in bearing. a fine type of the American gentleman.
inheriting from his father fine business capacity and a
jovial disposition.\Varren R. l’orter would have made
a successful man under any conditions of life. That conditions favored
him was an agreeable accident—not a necessity. lle is a born leader.
He loves politics. not for personal gain nor for office, but simply be—
cause the game gratifies his strong instinct to lead. lie is a gentleman
in the fine sense of that fine word: a young man of

strong mental grip: a natural debater: a jolly good

fellow; honorable, true and firm as a rock in his friend—

ship. _lt is a real pity that \\'arreu l’orter was born 1.)

a business career.

As a citizen he is foremost in all
As a business man he is far—sighted and suc—

 

Warren R. Porter.

llad the jugglery of fate thrown
him into politics. there is no position he might not
have r *ached. and none he could not till well. Mr,
l’orter is a very successful business man. He is the
business head of the great Loma l’rieta Lumber t'om-
pany's affairs. and his management of the business of
that great corporation is spoken of in highest terms by
men who know whereof they speak. .\lr.
interested in the l’ajaro Valley llank and in other eu—

l’t n‘ter is

terprises that require the exercise of sound business
judgment. lle is happily married to a most charming
lady. and two little l‘orters inherit their father's and
mothers amiable qualities and good looks.

'l‘he town of \\'atson\'ille was incorporated in 1868, and
from that time to this ( )tto Stoesser has been re—elected
Treasurer as often as his term of office expired.

Otto Stoesser.

.\lr. Stoesser is one
of the l‘ading merchants of the city: a stockholder in the l’ajaro \'al~
ley Bank. and the owner of a beautiful and valuable ranch near the
town. He came to the L'nited States from his native place. Gaggenau.
in the duchy of lladeu, (iermauy. when sixteen years old. and after a
roving tour of the liast. finally shipped to California in 1850. in San
Francisco Mr. Stoesser worked for .\l. L. \Vynn. candy manufacturer,
for a time. and then went to the mines. lle got back to San Francisco

with empty pockets. He then shipped as cabin boy on the "Columbia."

 

Mayor H. H. Clark.

v

One voyage was enough,
and Mr. Stoesser left the life on the ocean wave to bake pies for Meiggs
& Dunion, on Merchant Street. He left them to enter again the em-
ploy of Mr. \Yynn and remained with the candy manufacturer until
1853. when he came to Santa Cruz with Dr. Vandeburgh and began a
mercantile business. A month later he freighted his stock by wagon
to \\'atsonville, and here he has since lived, accumulating plenty of this
world‘s goods. enjoying the esteem and affection of his neighbors and
happy in his family.
Enoch Alzina. or “Noch,” as he is familiarly known, is
one of the best-known politicians in Santa Cruz.
Shrewd, affable, courteous, he has hundreds of frien
and his advice and aid are in demand in the councils of
his party when elections are on hand and the outcome
looks dubious. At present Mr. Alzina is Under—
Sheriff, and also has charge of the county buildings.
He is a great favorite in social circles and manages
to be on hand at almost every gathering in the county,
being surpassed in his ability to be several places at
once only by Uncle Billy Bias, the County Treas-
urer, renowned all over the State for his ability to
shake hands with five constituents at one and the same
time. Mr. Alzina’s popularity has been won by his
sterling good qualities of mind and heart, and it is not
likely that it will ever wane.
The Clerk of the City of Santa Cruz is a
man of superior powers of mind and of
the utmost openness, candor and honesty. He is a South—
erner by birth and fought with his people through the War of the
Rebellion. His election to office over a veteran Grand Army man, of
great personal popularity, goes to show in what estimation Mr. Wright
is held by his townsmen. He is an expert accountant, a most affable
gentleman, and his reputation is high in the city.
The Assessor of Santa Cruz County holds a responsi—
ble position in the county. His responsibilities are
great. his duties onerous and his fees, in the aggregate large. Mr.
Mattison’s election and re—election is the best testimonial to his effi-
ciency and popularity. He is, perhaps. the shrewdest politician in the
county. He is very prominent in the order of the Native Sons of the

plying between San Francisco and Panama.

Enoch Alzina.

J. L. Wright.

Frank Mattison.

 

C. E. Peckham.

   

H. S. Fletcher.

 

G. G. Radcliff. D. F. Maher.

Golden \Vest and holds high position in the Grand Parlor. He was
born in Santa Cruz thirty—six years ago. and has spent all his life in this
county. He has the respect and admiration of the people among whom
he has always lived, and is a man of ability and unblemished honor.

Ifrank \V. lily. son of \Villiam Ely. one of the pioneers.
is a native of this State, and has spent the greater part of
his life in Santa Cruz. lie is one of the progressive men who have
made the fortunes of the city. Ile is interested in the electric street
railways. in the conduct of the fine Athletic Park. is chief of the fire
department, and one of the leading spirits in the l’ilot Club. the Inn/f
ion social organization of the business and professional men of the
town.

F. w. Ely.

Mr. lily is a man of handsome and striking
appearance, liberal to a fault,
all classes of people.

and very popular with

Dr. ;\lex Il. Ilailey was born in
Placer, Cal. His father. one
the best and most widely known of the physicians
of early days. came to Santa the
tor was a mere infant. l’assing through the public
schools. Golden Gate Academy. and the State l'ni—
versity, the young man applied himself to the study (f
medicine. In February, [883. he graduated from the
Hospital College of Medicine in St. Louis. Immedi—
ately after his graduation. Dr. lailey went to the Sand—
wich Islands and engaged in practice. being very suc—
cessful. In 1887, his wife died, leaving him an infant
daughter. Partly on this account and partly owing to
the ill—health of his father. Dr. llailey returned to Santa Cruz.
His father (lying soon after. Dr. lailey settled up his affairs in the
Islands and in 1889 settled in Santa Cruz permanently. I’ersonally
Dr. Bailey is one of the best of men, and his skill as a physician is un—
questioned. He is a man of strong Comietions. absolutely frank in
their expression. a good friend. and is held in the highest regard by

Dr. A. H. Bailey. f
o

(‘ruz when doe~

Ile has a fashion of for—
getting to charge fees of poor people. and he is adored by many who

those who know his sterling good qualities.

owe health and life to the kindly heart hid under a bluff demeanor.
lfew men have had lives so filled with adventure as the life
_ of Mr. Judd. The story of his dangers, escapes and luck
in battle, in the great (livil \Var and in the famous expeditions of Gen—

A. N. Judd.

 

Judge Lucas F. Smith.

eral Sully against the Northwestern Indians, would fill the pages of a
At one time Mr. Judd and twenty—eight other cavalrymen,
assisted by the men of the emigrant train they were escorting, fought
and held at bay for twenty—one days a force of Sioux Indians esti—
mated to number nine thousand. They made a barricade of the emi—
grant wagons, dug a well twenty feet deep to obtain water and held
their own with genuine Yankee dare—devil courage until they were
relieved: after three weeks of constant fighting, by the arrival of six
companies of the Eighth Minnesota Mounted Infantry. Mr. Judd was
wounded at Donelson, O‘etting it literally “in the neck,” and in the
battle of White Stone Hill.an Indian arrow pinned his leg to his saddle,
going right through the knee. Mr. Judd is active in
the work of developing the great agricultural possibil4
ities of this State. He has been enthusiastic in pro—
moting irrigation of dry land, and on his ranch near
\Vatsonville has a magnificent orchard. He is a man
of influence, active in affairs, interested in politics and
a good citizen in every sense of the word.

George W. Hursh is a well-known
VVatsonville citizen. By profes—
sion Mr. Hursh is a teacher, and he ranks high among
the list of the State's most successful instructors. He
is a native of Indiana, born near Fort Wayne. He
came to California twenty—one years ago, and began
to teach in Sacramento County. The next year he
came to Vy'atsonville and then for twelve years steadily
devoted himself to his profession. Of late Mr. Hursh
had devoted much of his time to the care of his valuable
He is a very popular gentleman.

John J. Morey, cashier of the Pajaro Valley Bank, is a
native son of the Golden State, and one of the best—
known young men in VVatsonville. He was born in Shasta County in
1863. He came to VVatsonville when 17 years old and entered the
employ of the Ford Company as assistant bookkeeper. With no great
advantages of schooling, Mr. Morey has made himself one of the very
best penman and accountants in California. His skill and excellent
business qualities were recognized by the founders of the Pajaro Valley
Bank and when that institution was organized he was elected cashier,
and has since held that position with credit to himself and the utmost

novel.

George W. Harsh.

6

ranch.

J. J. Morey.

   

Louis Wenks.

James Cunningham.

 

Elihu Anthony.

   

W. B. dosselyn. Joseph Skirm.

satisfaction of the heads of the instittttion. The exatnple of Mr. Morey
is one well worthy the etnulation of any young man and proves that
integrity, industry and good sense will overcome any difficulties and
lead any man who employs them upward to sttccess and the esteem of
his fellow men.
C. W. Bridgewater. The t‘ity Marshal of \\'atsonville. C. \\'. llri‘dges
water. is one of the representative peace officers
of the State. llis record as an official is of the very best. and he has
been a terror to evil~doers. The excellent order maintained in the city
of \Vatsonville is due in a large measure to the executive ability and
personal character and cottrage of this faithful and efficient officer.
May his shadow never grow less in the land until the
day. far distant it is to be hoped. when he himself shall
be arrested by the great officer who serves his warrant
on all of us sooner or later.
Corralitos has no better citizen than .\.
\\V. the
ranches in the fertile valley. .\lr. Tale is a gentleman
the
esteem of all his neighbors. and is an authority on mar
l le

earnest and active worker in the cause of good local

A. W. Tate.

Tate. who owns one of fittest

of the most affable and pleasant manners. has

ters political in his neck of the woods. is an
government, and his neighbors threaten to send him to
represent them in the lloard of Supervisors just as
The
writer knows .\lr.Tate well. both in social and business

soon as another election gives them a chance.

ways. and he is glad to pttt between the covers of this

book his emphatic testimonial to his high qualities as a man
and citizen.

The Tax Collector of Santa Cruz County, \\Villis E.
The

beatttiful l’eck lllock, the ltandsomest building in the county, will long

Willis E. Peck. , . .
leck. is one of

\\'atst’>nville's leading men.
he a monument to his taste. enterprise and faith in \\'atsonville. There
is no tnore popular man in the whole, county. and no man who better
deserves his popularity. .\ faithful. conscientious public officer, and
the soul of good nature. it is no wonder that his friends are legion.
The chief joy of .\lr. l’eck's heart is his magnificent frttit ranch. Sun~
nyside liarm, an as well—appointed country residence as a king could

wish. llere, surrounded by his family. consisting of his pleasant and

 

Frank Mattison.

\l

entertaining wife and the most charming children imaginable, Mr.
l‘eck finds his ideal enjoyment. In everything that pertains to a good
citizen and to a good man, \Villis Peck is admirable. One might
scrape California with a fine—tooth comb and not find a truer friend, a
more upright gentleman and a more thoroughly good fellow. May
good luck attend him and his all the days of their lives.

The Board The Santa Cruz Board of Trade is composed of about two
0f Trade. hundred and fifty of the most enterprising business and
Its object is to forward the growth,
improvement and beautifying of the city by every possible means.
'l he beach and the famous drives, particularly the Cliff Drive, are
taken under its fostering care, and every proposed
public improvement is aided and helped by the mem-
bers, individually and as a body. Those who have an
eye to the investment of capital in Santa Cruz will find
willing and cheerful informants in any of the gentle-
men whose names appear in the following list of offi-
cers and committee-men:

,‘ioard of Directors, \Villiam T. Cope, President;
T. H. \Voolf, Secretary, and W. H. Lamb, J. G. Tan-
ner. Richard Thompson. Robert Cardiff, H. G. Insel.
Mayor Clark, H. Randall and Ralph Miller.

Committee on Cliff Drive—\N. H. Lamb, Richard
Thompson, J. G. Tanner, Robert Cardiff.

Committee on Beach—Ralph Miller, Frank Hoff-
man. II. C. D. Earnhardt, \V. D. Haslam and F. \Y.
Ely.

Committee on Literature—T. H. \Voolf, F. W. Bliss, J. G.
Tanner and II. E. Cox.

Committee on Driving Park—Richard Thompson, W. E. Peck, J. J
Quill, Oscar Tuttle and J. G. Tanner.

Committee on Factories—“Y. II. Lamb, A. J Hinds, F. A. Hihn,
D. Mcl’herson and C. M. Collins.

Committee, on Stocking Streams with Fish—H. E. Irish, A. A.
i‘doi‘cy, )l. C. Hopkins and J. H. Chesnutwood.

The Santa Cruz Board of Trade has done a noble work in forward-
ing the interests of the City of the Holy Cross. Its influence has been
far—reaching and extensive. Its membership is composed of the most
enterprising and energetic citizens of this go—ahead city.

professional men of the city.

   

d. L. Wright. Warren R. Porter.

 

Gen. T. B. Bunting.

   

Wm. T. Kearney. Louls M. Cox.

   

Dr. A. H. Bailey.
John Grimmer.

 

C. W. Bridgewater.

   

J. M. Walsh. Ed. Lynde.

   

C. M. Cassin. F. W. Ely.

 

M. Leonard.

   

W. P. Netherton. D. D. Wilder.

Glenwood M

m. We on i. trawl-1:; s ?.

ll Rlili miles up into the heart of the mountains from the pretty
little station of (ilenwood are the (ilenwood Magnetic Springs.
the property of Mr. J. L. Lindsay, and, since the days of earliest
reminiscence, the Mecca for the seeker for h *alth and for pl ‘asure.

in a spot in the redwoods where there is just enough of sunlight and
just enough of shadow, stands the cozy two—storied Spring Hotel, a
building of fifty large rooms, with a number of baths of hot mineral
water. and with every modern, tip—to—date comfort and convenience.
The parlors and dining room are roomy and sunny, while the veranda
is as broad as anyone could wish it.

Round the hotel. but just far enough away to be
out ot the gene ‘al noise and hustle of a summer or
winter crowd of guests. are light, handsome cottages.
They are set here and there in the gardens and
among the redwoods. where the invalid may sit dur—
ing any of the warm. sunny days and build up on the
pure, untainted ozone from the groves and the bloss
livery cottage is completely furnished. with

SUIIIS.

everything: conducive to the comfort of the invalid or
the mere sojourner for pleasure. -

lint the absolute comfort of the acctunmodations
is a secondary inducement: the springs have made
Their
gained more than a State—wide fame by their mar—

the reputation of the place. waters have
velous curative qualities in rheumatic and kindred
maladies. stomach and blood troubles, and tuber—
The

sodium. sulphur and arsenic in varying percentages of strength, so

culous diseases. waters carry iron and magnesia. iron

that the sufferer may have his cure in doses proportionate to his ill.

ln consumptive cases the effect of life at the Springs is peculiarly
beneficial. Almost every condition is combined to effect a positive
cure. where cure is possible. Th * altitude is Looo feet above the sea
level: there is ample protectimt from the winds from the north. while
.‘rom the south there is almost a constant saltsladen zephyr from Mon--
tcrey liay carrying into the m(')untains the warmth of the ~Iapan
currents and gathering upon its way the delicious health~giving ozone

agnetie

 

and

Springs,

1; s\\5 uirj‘tttaJfi‘ga

. )3 a Kg

of the pine and redwood forests that intervene. The air in the region
of the springs is impregnated with gases from the bubbling waters,
and the whole atmosphere is one of health and absolute rest.

Mr. Lindsay's holding is, comparatively speaking, a large one. He
has zoo acres given over to the cultivation of the grape, different
fruits and grain. Connected with the property is a model Winery,
which, during the season of the vintage, is kept busily at work. On
the grounds is every variety of amusement——tennis, croquet, numerous
swings and carry—alls for the children, a swimming pool, and innumer-
able pretty walks through the fern-grown cafions and
ravines. The quail. wild pigeon and deer shooting
through these hills is unexcelled.

Mr. Lindsay, as a host, is one of the very few who are
near to perfection in that capacity. His household is
well ordered. his chef is an artist, and his cuisine above
the standard: the grounds and farm are kept in the
order that characterize a Dutch dairy, and there is
nothing admitted into the general life that in any way
jars or grates upon or is antagonistic to the sole pur—
pose—perfect rest and ultimate health. He has within
easy reach physicians of the highest standing; he is in
constant touch with the outside world; the railway sta—
are but three miles away, over glorious
hotel carriage makes two trips daily for
either arriving or departing guests. The hotel is but
seven miles from Santa Cruz, with its beach and surf
bathing. its theaters and annual *arnival, the Big Tree Grove and its
dozens of other attractitms. too well known to need mention.

These are the springs as they are, as God and man have made
them. and as God evidently intended them—one place, at least, where
And may the blight
of Divine displeasure never rest upon them solong as health shall

tion and mails
roads. and the

health and a full life may be had for the asking.

fail and disease be the rule—not the exception.

The Neptune bath houses. owned by Messrs. Ralph
Miller and John Liebbrandt. are one of the chief attrac—
llere one can have almost any description of

The Neptune
Baths.

tions of Santa Cruz.

bath that pleases his fancy—hot and cold salt baths and the finest plunge
imaginable. The great tank for plunge bathing holds thousands of
gallons of sea water, and this is emptied and refilled every day. There
is every sort of apparatus, rings, trapezes, sliding boards, spring diving

boards, and all the equipment of an extensive and up—to—date bathing

establishment. Outside one can enjoy the surf bathing, and the bath
houses furnish bathing suits at a merely nominal price. In the even—
ings frequent exhibitions of swimming and diving feats are given, and
the skill of the swimming instructor, Mr. Armstrong, is evidenced
by the fact that his son, Clyde,
a pupil of the high school yet,
has defeated all the crack swim—
mers of the Coast, and holds the
world's amateur record for one
hundred yards. The proprie-
tors of the bath houses are both
popular gentlemen, long resi—
dent in Santa Cruz. possessed
of ample means and unsparing
of money and labor to make
their establishment the foremost
on the Coast. They are always
on the lookout for the comfort
of their guests, and leave noth—
ing undone to add to that com—
fort. Both are men of progres—
sive ideas, firm in their faith
that Santa Cruz has the finest
bathing beach on the Pacific
Coast, as it has, and willing to
back up their belief by investing their money and time in making its
bathing facilities perfect. It is an interesting and amusing sight to
enter the great plunge baths and watch the bathers disporting in the
great tank. The boys are there in full force, and under the watchful
eye of the instructor they gambol like so many porpoises. their white
skins shining like polished marble, and their lithe young bodies glowing
with health as they dive from the spring-boards or cleave the water
in a frolicsome race. The plunge bath tank is a favorite resort for the
ladies of Santa Cruz, and it is no wonder that some of the best and

 

Glenwood Magnetic Springs.

196

strongest swimmers in the city are women. All through the season
the broad piazzas of the Neptune are crowded with hundreds of men,
women and children, and those who do not care to swim, amuse them—
selves by watching their neighbors who do. The bath house piazza
and beach is the resort of all the small fry, and it does one‘s heart
good, of a summer’s day, to spend an hour or two watching the little
tots sprawling about in the sand, digging tremendous wells or erecting
forts or. 0, royal sport! making pics of the clean sand and water. The
visitor who comes to Santa Cruz has not thoroughly enjoyed himself
until he has tried all the good.
wholesome fun that Neptune
has to offer him.
What Pluck S e v e r a 1 times
C3" 00- have plans been
formed to start a cannery in
Santa Cruz, and as yet a can—
nery is a thing of the future.
l dont know why this should
be so. The fruit is here. as are
all the other facilities, but no
one seems to have quite the
necessary amount of courage to
get the thing started; Perhaps
they all want to start in too am—
However. the
problem of starting something

bitious a way.

of the kind was solved by one
woman without any prelimina—
ries whatever—«by a woman
who had solved whatever prob—
:\way up in the foothills there came
to live some six years ago a clergyman. Mr. l’oote.and his family. His
health demanded an out—of—door life, and he bought a ranch up there.
which is now known as Hopedale farm.

lem came in her way all her life.

Mrs. lioote is a woman of
exceptional talent and culture, a fine musician and linguist. an artist
whose pictures sold, a writer who always found a market for her literary
work, and withal a most womanly woman.
nxent was to her most marked.
cooking also to a large extent.

This change of environ—
Raneh life was new to her, and

But a woman who couldn’t be daunted by Greek roots, German
prepositions, musical and artistic harmonies, etc., wouldn’t let the
mysteries and harmonies of cooking baffle her.
mind to the problem and solved it Victoriously.

She set her whole
Then when the ranch
began to bring forth its fruits in due season she found new worlds to
conquer. She determined to make pickles and preserves, jellies, jams.
sauces, etc., and to make a market for them. It was uphill work at
first. She had one faithful Chinaman to help her, and she worked
early and late, making up all the recipes she could cull from cook—
books, from housewives and from all sources, and adding thereto all
that her woman’s wit and epicurean palate could suggest.
to the market.
acquaintances.

Then as
At first it was among a large circle of friends and
Then by degrees it grew to public institutions and
hotels, until this past season she was obliged to increase her force of
workers, and now her delightful products have a wide sale and com~
mand the best prices. She has besides canned and preserved fruits,
jams, jellies, etc., a great variety of meat sauces and pickles, and they

all have that delightful home~made taste which no factory—made goods
could ever attain.

Representative Business .l’or the benefit of liastern business men
and Professional People

of Santa Cruz.

who may desire to correspond with gen—
tlemen in the same lines as they them—
selves follow. a list of the representative business and professional men
of the city of Santa (‘ruz is here given. The majority of these gentle-
men are members of the lloard of Trade. and all of them are at all times
glad to give information concerning the city and county to those who
seek it. For convenience of reference the names are grouped under
appropriate heads:

DRY GOODS—S. J. Strauss, .\. C. Snyder, Samuel l.cask, (i. \\V.
l’lace, H. Flint.

L'l.( )il‘llllCRS.—.\. Jonas, .\. l). l’ena, l. l’leisig.

ROOTS AND Sll()liS.~l'3ixby & ()tto. .\. (iosliner, ll. Randall.

(}l\’()CICRIlCS.#\\'illiamson & (iarrett, (‘harlcs li. Canficld, Bias &
Towne, E. llinkle. ll. Crowe, (i. \\'. l’lace, l’rank .\brams, Roberts &
Chittenden.

.l)RL:(}GlS'J‘S.—v5. -\. l’almcr, llamilton hay, J.
.l'lorsnyder, The Model, C. llixby, J. S. Collins.

TOBACCONISTS.—~-\. Cohen, .\laus t\" Demicheli.

t}. Tanner, ll.

STATIONERS, TOYS, NOTIONS.—H. E. Irish, A. J. Hinds, A.
C. Lester, Cooper Bros, The Pocket.

HOTELS—Sea Beach. Ocean House, Eastern, Hagemann, River—
side, Swiss. Garibaldi, Bay State, Simpson, Hobron.

RESTAI'lx’.\N'l‘S.~L'nited States, California, Popular, Pioneer.

BUTCHERS—llourcg & \\'alti, Harrington & Holliday, W. P.
Young, S. (Viriswold.

BAKERS—l“. Coates, The Pioneer, New Era, French Bakery.

 

d. d. Quill‘s Bank.

.lt‘l'fRNITURE.—\\'essendorf & Staffler, J. Johnston, Heard Com-
pany.

MlLLINERS.—.\[iss Ilandlcy,
dron, Mrs. Liebbrandt.

MARNETS—California. l’opular.

STABLlCS—l lopkins & lide, Abbott, Cardiff Bros, C. H. Lincoln,
.\mmon.

Miss Neary, Misses Hall, Mrs. \Val--

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PAJARO HOSE COMPANY No. I, WATSONVILLE.

‘99

 

 

THE BONNER STABLES, CARDIFF BROS., PROPRIETORS, SANTA CRUZ.

 

2(_)O