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' ' fSTIflAKJEL IBJSEEDIJSTCH- J¥IJAS§T 1, 183771.

 

' , . NEW YORK:
“WILLIAM C. BRYANT 8: CO., .

1871.

               

 

RARE BOOK

Fr ‘2: I?

I

BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS [

t it I

f.)

OF THE

9“ t '/
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS. ”I ‘F

 

PETER B. SWEENY, ROBERT J. DILLON,
HENRY HILTON, ANDREW H. GREEN,
THOMAS C. FIELDS.

 

President, V ice-President and Treasurer,
PETER B. SWEENY. HENRY HILTON.
Clerk Ex—oficio, Assistant Clerk,

GEO. M. VAN NORT. E. P. BARKER.

ngREAU pFFICER82

Comptroller, Engineer—in-Clzief,

GEO. M. VAN NORT. M. A. KELLOGG.
Superintendent Central Park, Acting Cititff Landscape Gardener,

B. F. CRANE. F. A. POLLARD.

Superintendent Squares and Places, Civil and Topographical Engineer,

 

W. L. WILEY. W. H. GRANT.
Aro/zitect-in-C/iiej‘, Captain of Park Police,
J. WREY MOULD. N. R. MILLS.

 

CONTENTS

4 PAGE.

CommissionersandOfficers................... ..... ...... 6
Annual Reportof the Department............................... ............. . ........... ..... . 7
Reference to the Central Park Guide Map. .............. . ....... . . . . . . . . . ................ . . . . . . . 60
Legal History of the Department jurisdiction. . . . . ............ . ........... . ...... . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . 63
Report of the Comptroller. . . ..... . ..... . ................. . ............ . . . . ........... . .......... . . 109
Topographical Description of Central Park ................ . ................... . . . .V ................. 133
Works outside of Central Park ............. ....... . ........... ........... ...... 15:
Gifts, devises and bequests ................... . ........ . . .......... . ................ . ............. . 16:
Birds and Animals in captivity ........... _. . . . . ........ . ........ . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . ....... . ....... . 171
Species Exhibited in Menagerie for first time. . . .. ........... .. . . . ............ . . .......... . . . . . .'. . 196
Species Bred in Menagerie ........................... . ............................................ 198
Report of Engineer-in-Chief ......... .......... . . . .. ....................................... . . . . . . . 201
Works outside of Central Park ................................................................... . 220
Report on Site for Zoological and Botanical Gardens ............................................. . 273
Report of Landscape Gardener ................................................................... . 285
Report of Superintendent of the Central Park ............................................. . ..... . 305
Report of Civil and Topographical Engineer ..................................................... . 317
Report on the Water Supply of Lower Westchester County ....... . ............................... 331
Specifications of Surveys and Maps of Westchester District ...................................... . . 340
Report of Captain of Park Police. . . . . . . . . . . . '. .................................................. . . 345
Report of Meteorological Department ........................................................ . . .. 350
Report of Architect-in-Chief ....................................................................... 385
Report of Superintendent of Squares and Places ...................... . .......................... . 422

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Sculptured Works of the late Thomas Crawford .................. . .................. . ....... . ...... I
Central Park . Museum, Observatory and Menagerie ................................................ 12
American Museum of Natural History ............................................................. I4, 21
' The Stables ....................................................................................... . 16
The Sheepfold and Barn ........................................ . ................................. 24
The Conservatory .................................................. ........ 24
The Propagating House ............................................................................ 28
Proposed Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Monument .......................................................... 34

Vl

PAGE.

The Boulevard Lamp Post. ............... . .................. ................................ .. 40
Bowling Green ..... . ................................................ . .......................... . ..... 46
The Battery in 1870 and 1871 ...... . ............................................................. . 48
Ladies’ Cottage.... ............................. ‘ ................................................... 49
The Central Park Guide Map ...................... ' ............................................... 61
Shakspeare Monument ........ ................ . ................................................ 106
The Projecting Rock, northwest corner of Central Park ........................................... 158
Rock Group west of the Terrace.... .......... .. .................................................. 168
Central Park Museum—Zoological Department ..................................................... 174.
The Eagles’ and Vultures’ Aviary .................................................................. 186
The Grotto Bridge over the Ravine ............................................................... 198
Plan of Entrance 59th Street and 5th Avenue ..................................................... 22o
“ Mount Morris Park... ..... v .......... ‘ .................................................... . 222

" City Hall Park ......................................................................... . 224

“ .the Battery ............................................................................... 23o

“ Canal Street Park ...................................... ' .................................. 234

“ Duane Street Park ....................................................................... 236

“ Beach Street Park ....................................................................... 238

“ Sixth Avenue Parks ...................................................................... 240, 292

“ Tompkins Park ........................................................................... 242

” Washington Park ................................. . ....................................... 244

“ Union Park ........................................................................ > ...... 246

“ Madison Park ............................................................................ 248

" Superstructure of Boulevard and 6th Avenue ............................................. 252
Sixth Avenue, North of Central Park ............................................................. 260
Avenue St. Nicholas—Roadway Plan .............................................................. 264
Profiles surrounding Manhattan Square ........................ . .................... I ............... 274
Topographical Map of Manhattan Square .......................................................... 276
Plan of Reservoir Park .................................. '. ......................................... 286
“ Park Avenue Parks ...... ‘ ................................................................ 294
The Aviary ........................................................................................ 306
The Menagerie Building ........................................................................... 310
House for Monkeys and Birds ..................................................................... 314
Map of jurisdiction of the Department ............................................................ 318
Map of Harlem River and Spuyten Duyvil Improvements ........................................ 326
Meteorological Self-registering Apparatus. . .............. . ........................................ 352, 4, 6, 60
City Hall»Park Fountain............ ................ . ............................................. 414 I

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NOTE.

  
   
  
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  

_ The construction of the Central Park was begun in 1857, by the
Board of Commissioners of the Central Park, a State organization,
bvahom the Work was continued until April 20, 1870, when a new
body, called the Department of Public Parks, was suddenly put in ,_
‘ charge under the new charter of the city. ’
. This volume, the First Annual Report of that Department, evinces ,
a "singular want of comprehension of the methods, purposes and
_ designs of the original Commission; it makes concessions respecting .
the public proprietorship of the lands of the Park, which are not to be.
aCcepted, and contains numerous statements and implications which
are to be received With caution.
As the name of the undersigned appears on its title page,
he deems it due to the public, to his colleagues of the earlier
Board and to himself, to submit this brief disavowal of respon-
sibility for this Report, which he never saw till it was in
print, as well asgfor the administration that it records. Another
, change has brought into the Department those more in sympathy
with the views of the original Commissioners. They [find this
costly Report printed, and although its statements are not ap-i
proved, it is deemed best that its distribution be continued, with:

this admonitory note.

. Aan. H. GREEN.

NEW YORK, December, 1871.

0

 

the same in several important particulars. During the period 0;
this review we occupied the position of Landscape Architects
.Adv1sory to the Department, with a stipulation that we should be

posed to be placed on the Park before they should be acted On by
[the Board. It should, therefore, be known that we were not con-
sulted in this review. At the close of our relations with the
Department, in November, 1870, no opportunity had been offered us
of meeting either the Board or its Executive Committee, and the'
suggestions Contained in our written communications had been

entirely neglected.

Respectfully,

FRED. LAW OLMSTED._

CALVERT VAUX-

 

 

BEFORT.

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS, i‘
1871.

No. 265 Broadway, NEW YORK, May I,

To the Hon. A. OAKEY HALL,
V Mayor of Me City qf [Vew Yaw/é .°

Pursuant to your requirement, the Department of Public
Parks makes this its First Annual Report. _

It is proper, at the outset, to trace, through the various
laws on the subject, the powers, duties, and jurisdiction of
the Department; and to present, in a digested form, all those
parts of the laws which remain in force, and control or
affect the Department as now organized, and which hitherto
have not been presented in an analytical form for public
consideration and official information. This analysis is now
submitted in an appropriate appendix.

These laws vest in the Department a jurisdiction in the
County of Westchester, which extends . from the village
of Yonkers to the Harlem river; and which, also, embraces

the improvement of that river and all the public squares,

8

parks and places in the City of New York. In effect, the
Central Park Commission—which had been a State organi-
zation and independent of the city government—and the
Municipal Bureaus which related to the several Lands and
Places, were consolidated, and this Department succeeds to
all their powers.

The present Commissioners entered upon. their duties

on the 3d day of May, 1870.

OF ORGANIZATION.

The Commissioners, upon coming together, immediately
proceeded to inquire into the system of organization of the
late Central Park Commission, and with the methods by
which the several works under the control of that body had
been carried on. Upon investigation, it appeared that there
were no rules or regulations controlling the various employees
of the BOard, except such as were declared from time to
time by one of the members of that body, with a somewhat
limited control exercised over him by the other Commis-
sioners. Therefore the present Commissioners forthwith
organized the Department into separate bureaus, assigning
to each bureau specific work and duties, and confining its
control to individuals selected with reference to their qualifi-

cation for the particular work to be done.

THE BUREAUVS.

The Department, accordingly, created seven bureaus,

namely :

9

First. A Bureau of Accounts, the chief officer of whicn
was denominated “The Comptroller of Accounts,” to whose
charge was intrusted all the accounts of the Department,
the control of clerks employed therein, including a purchas—

ing clerk, a paymaster, and also a property clerk.

Second. A Bureau of Construction and Repairs, the head
of which was denominated “The Engineer-in-Chief,” with the
duty of directing and supervising all work to be done in
the construction of buildings and improvements, and of
making all necessary repairs thereto, under the direction
and control of the Board. There are attached to this

bureau experienced engineers and capable assistants.

T/zz'm’. A Bureau of the Central Park. The head of
this bureau is denominated “The Superintendent of the
Central Park ;” his duties consist in superintending that

park and Mount Morris square, and the employees therein.

FouVIf/z. A Bureau of Landscape Gardening, the head of
which is denominated “The Chief Landscape Gardener ;”
whose duties consist in devising and preparing plans for
ornamenting and embellishing the parks and places under
the control of the BOard, and, with the aid of assistants,
and skilled gardeners, carrying into effect the various plans
proposed, and which may be approved and adopted by the
Board.

Fzfl/L. A Bureau of Public Squares and Places in the City
of New York, the head of which is denominated “The Su-

perintendent of Public Squares and Places ;” whose duties

IO

consist in superintending those squares and places, and the
various employees connected therewith.

39617;. A Bureau of Police, the head of which is “The
Captain of Police ;” whose duties consist in directing and
controlling the park—keepers and gate-keepers. Attached to
this bureau is a lieutenant, and a sufficient number of
sergeants of police to assist the captain in the executive
direction of its important affairs.

Swazi/z. A Bureau of Civil and Topographical Engineer-
ing, the chief officer of which is known as “The Civil and
Topographical Engineer.” This bureau contains four sub—
diVisions: First, “the West—side DivisiOn,” including all that
part of the‘Island of New York extending from Fifty—ninth
street west of Eighth avenue to the Harlem river, and
Spuyten Duyvil creek; second, “the Harlem River Division,”
including that river and Spuyten Duyvil creek, and so far
upon both sides thereof as may be necessary in carrying
out any improvements in connection therewith; third, “the
Westchester Division,” including all the County of Westchester
under the control of the Department, located north of the
Harlem river and Spuyten Duyvil creek; fourth, “the East—
side Division,” including all that part of the Island of New ,
York extending from Fifty—ninth street, east of Fifth avenue
and of Eighth avenue, north of the Central Park, to the,
Harlem river. This bureau has charge within these limits
of the surveying and laying out of all the streets, avenues,
roads, and public squares and places, and establishing the

grades thereof; also of the construction of all bridges, tun-

II

nels, and other means of communication between the counties
of New York and Westchester, together with any improve-
ment of Harlem river and Spuyten Duyvil creek, which
by law is or may hereafter be directed to be carried into

effect.

Additionally to this organization of bureaus, an “Architect-
in—Chief” and a “ Superintending Architect” were appointed,
to' supervise and superintend all the structures and buildings

belonging to the Department.

OF .CENTRAL PARK DRIVES.

The subject which next demanded attention from the
present Board was the condition of the Drives and Rides
in the Central Park. The roads required immediate care.
They had been very much worn, and the water-ways on
the sides needed to be reconstructed in order to adapt
them to the then imperfect condition of the roadways,
The roads were raised and gravelled to a proper height
and the crown of the roads restored to its original state,
All this involved much time and skilled labor. Before laying
the gravel, there was removed the large quantity of pro—
truding pebbles which had become firmly imbedded in the
roadway, and gave a disagreeable roughness to its surface.
This slow and tedious operation will not need to be
repeated, inasmuch as the gravel now used is all properly
screened. The bridle-paths, owing to numerous complaints

that the gravel used upon them was mingled with large

12

pebble-stones, underwent careful reparation and were placed

in a thorough condition for equestrian use.

OF CENTRAL PARK WALKS.

The walks in the Park had to a considerable degree
been covered with the Fisk asphalt, which Was found to
be much out of order in many places, with numerous cracks
and holes made by the weather, and many places where
the paths, of earth or gravel, had been furrowed or washed
away. These were repaired so far as» was practicable at
that time with the best pavement which could be procured,

suitable for the purpose.

OF BOULEVARDS.

The West Side Boulevard had then been in process of
construction for nearly two years, and no part of it had
yet been opened. It was obviously important tohave this
road completed for public travel at the earliest day
possible, because 'it furnished the only means of access
from the upper to the lower end of the city for all the
traffic of the 'lsland. Directions were at once given to
have all the force put on it that could be worked with
advantage. In the month‘ of September, free and uninter-

rupted travel was secured on that portion of the Boulevard

iroadway between the Circle at Fifty-ninth street and

Seventy-first street, and on the first day of November,
those portions of said roadway between Seventy-first street and

Eighty-eighth street,/ and between One Hundred and Third

 

 

Central Park Museum, Observatory, and Menagerie.

 

I 3 .
street and One Hundred and Eighth street, were ordered
opened for the public use, thus affording to the residents
on the" upper portion of the island facilities for access to
the lower part of the city superior to anything that had
been enjoyed at any time theretofore.

In addition to this Boulevard it was considered important
to complete the Sixth and Seventh avenues, above One
Hundred and Tenth street, so that access to the Park
could be conveniently had from the upper portion of the
Island. This work has been energetically prosecuted with
the effect hereafter more particularly stated-

It was also considered advisable to pursue, with like
vigor, the working of the Avenue St. Nicholas, then in
part under contract, and which had progressed very slowly.
Before the season closed, a road extending north from
Break-neck. Hill, had been made complete for all necessary
purposes of travel, and needing only the finishing surface

to render it perfect.

OF CENTRAL PARK STRUCTURES—THE ARSENAL.

The character and condition of the» structures erected
or in process of erection in the Central Park, by the late
Commissioners, were next ascertained; It appeared from
their reports that there had already been expended many
millions of dollars upon the Park, in addition» to? the original
cost of the land, and this Department found cast upon it
the responsibility of assuming the control. of the uncoma

pleted structures within the, Park in deciding upon the ex-

I4

pediency and plans of which the present Commissioners had
had no voice. Many buildings and several ornamental structures
were in progress, but one great deficiency was apparent:
there were in the Park no suitable accommodations for the
Commissioners and officers of administration. The only build—
ing that 'c0uld' be adapted to that purpose even in part, was
the Arsenal or Museum Building. A limited space of the
first story of this was occupied by a number of clerks. A
small part'of the basement (damp and unsuitable as it was)
was used by the Central Park Police. The whole build-
ing was offensively objectionable. Various animals were
confined in the basement and on the first floor, with their
cages in a state of great insecurity and danger. There
had been no extra ventilation furnished to this building
from the time it had been used as an Arsenal, and its
unwholesome condition was apparent to sight and smell.

The second and third floors of this building were assign-
ed to an exhibition of specimens of what was termed “ Nat-
ural History,” but the specimens had been wholly neglected,
and the only parts that seemed “natural” were the hides,
hair, and hoofs of the stuffed animals. Those on exhibition
were simply grotesque distortions.

The third floor also contained boxes filled with the superb
and extensive collection of the Museum of Natural History, '
which had been lying there for a long time; the contents
of the boxes were believed to be in great danger of de-
struction unless speedy attention was given them.

The Trustees of the Museum urged the providing of accom-

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15

modations adequate to those which the late Commissioners
had agreed to give them, and which were necessary to make
the exhibition of value. There was found upon the third
floor one large glaSs case of peculiar structure and character,
which was not regarded as at all fit for any purpose, much
less for the requisites of the exhibition of specimens of nat-
ural history, placed at the disposal of the Department, but

which the Trustees had declined to accept.

N
TERRACE AND ESPLANADE.

The next structures of prominence in the Central Park
were the Terrace and Esplanade and Fountain at the Prin—
cipal Lake. Beneath this terrace there was a floor and
ceiling of ornamental tile, constructed with great care, and
upon which, with the ceiling, had been expended over .
$50,000; and it was said that the gravel carried upon
the tiling of the floor by the feet of visitors entering
from the incompleted esplanade in front was destroying
this expensive flooring. The space not yet paved was so
large that to attempt tiling it in the manner projected by
the original plan would, apart from its extravagant cost,
entail great delay; indeed it could not properly be under-
taken in view of the limited condition of the funds of the
Department available for such purpose. It was therefore
concluded to lay upon this gravelled esplanade an Asphalt
Pavement. This was necessarily put down in the heat of
summer, under great disadvantages, but it will probably

answer all the purposes desired, for years. The fountain in

16

the esplanade was also in a bad condition: the centre of
it, filled with 6165723“ and derricks, had been in an unfinished
state for a long period. 'It had been used a short time
and found to be so leaky as to be unfit for the purposes
intended, and it had been apparently abandoned. The stone
curb surrounding it had parted at the joints, and it was
difficult to remedy this defect in the basin of the fountain
so as to make it water-tight. It was put into proper con-

dition without delay.

THE BELVEDERE.

The next most important structure in progress upon the
Park may be considered that of. the Belvedere, at the head
of the Ramble and at the southwest corner of the Lower
Reservoir—and designed in the Norman-Gothic style of
architecture. Upon examination, it was obvious that it
would be impossible to find any other locality in the Park
that would entail greater expense in the construction of a‘
building on the plan proposed than this point. Besides
this, the design was very costly in itself, so much so that
the propriety of going on with the work appeared ques—
tionable. The construction fund left unexpended, amount-
ed, altogether, to about four hundred and fifty thousand dol-
lars, and the completion of this work alone upon the plan
proposed would have abSorbed half of the entire amount.
It was necessary, therefore, to eliminate from the plan every
item of extravagance that could be avoided consistent with

the then condition of the building. This was done, and

 

 

 

I7

after consulting the Architect-in-Chief, it was determined to
omit the construction of one of the towers, the cost of
which was estimated at fifty thousand dollars. In lieu of
this a more economical structure was substituted, which is
far better adapted for the purpose intended, and will be

found quite as satisfactory to the public.

THE CONSERVATORY.

Another important structure was the Conservatory, at
Seventy—second street, fronting on the Fifth avenue. The;
employees of the late Commissioners were at work upon it
when this Department entered upon its duties. They were
proceeding in accordance with a ground plan in their pos-
session. Considering that such a building was necessary,
the prosecution of work in accordance with this plan was
directed, it being assumed that a general plan for the super-
structure had been made to continue the work when the
foundation should be erected to its proper height. It was
soon discovered that, apart from a picture in the office of
the Department, there was no plan existing for the super-

structure.

STABLES

There were also in course of construction the Stables
on the transverse road at Eighty-sixth street. Their founda-
tion had just been laid, and the principal work upon them
remained to be done. The necessity for speedily complet-

ing this building was apparent to any one who Visited the

2

18

miserable sheds and coverings in the Park where the horses
'belonging to it had been kept. It has been occupied for

several months.

DAIRY-HOUSE.

The remaining structure in progress was the Dairy-house
adjacent to the transverse road at Sixty-fifth street, in a
very inappropriate loCation. It is hidden from direct view,
is difficult of access, and no direct path leads to it from
the main drive, so that the criticism is often popularly
made that a Dairy Building intended for general use of -
persons frequenting the park, has been placed, as much as
possible, out of sight and reach. Of course it was neces-
sary to complete it according to the original plans, because
it had progressed too far for alteration. It has been
finished in accordance with the plans of those who conceived
it. It may not, however, be uninteresting to know that
this inconsiderable building has cost about fifty thousand

dollars, nearly all of it expended before this Department
took office.

THE PALEONTOLOGICAL ENTERPRIZE.

There was also at this time building an extensive founda—
tion at the southwest end of the park upon the Eighth
avenue side, and near Sixty—third street, intended for a
building in which should be exhibited specimens of animals
allegedito be of the pre—Adamite period, under the super-

vision of Professor Hawkins. The first inquiry being as to

19

the probable cost of the proposed building, the Department
was informed that the foundation had already required the
expenditure of thirty thousand dollars. The late Commis—
sioners only possessed ground plans, together with an in-
complete study for the exterior, or elevation of the proposed
building. The character of the proposed interior was left
to be conjectured, and with the aid of architects, assisted
by Professor Hawkins, an interior adapted to the purposes
intended was fitted to the picture of the building. Esti—
mates were next procured, when the least sum required to
complete the proposed building, exclusive of anything be—
yond a plain interior finish, was found to be about three
hundred thousand dollars, which was deemed too great a
sum to expend upon a building devoted wholly to pale—
ontology—a scienCe which, however interesting, is yet so
imperfect as not to justify so great a public expense for
illustrating it; certainly not until the living animals in
charge of the Department have been properly cared for.
It was suggested, hoWever, to inquire what could be done
if a portion of the building should be devoted to the pro-
posed purpose in a limited degree, and the remainder to
a grand aquarium. New plans combining these two features
were then prepared of a less expensive character than those
proposed by the original architects, but it was found im—
possible to erect on the foundation as designed and laid,
owing to its peculiar form, any structure that would be
desirable, at a less cost than two hundred and fifty thou-

sand dollars, which, with the greatest care and economy in

20

the interior, would swell the cost to nearly three hundred
thousand dollars, about the sum required by the original
plans. The construction of any such building was there-
fore abandoned, and it was deemed best to fill in and
cover up the foundations rather than to expend more
money at a place that is not proper for any building, be-
cause at the proposed point the buildings would be on a
line with the exterior streets, and interfere with the right
of a property owner upon the avenue to enjoy the full
and free View of the Park. The right to an unobstructed
View from his residence opposite the Park is one of the
benefits and advantages for which the avenue owner has
been assessed. Wherefore the Department felt less hesi-

tation in abandoning all purpose of building at this point.
THE SHEEP.

More than two hundred sheep, under charge of employees,
were in the Park, with no other shelter than temporary
sheds. The grounds of the Park afford advantages for
sheep culture which the Department determined to improve
by the erection of proper buildings. It prepared plans and
commenced the erection of a sheepfold. This building is
now nearly completed on the westerly side of the Park,
near transverse road No. I, at Sixty-eighth street, and
when finished and occupied, must prove a great attraction to

all classes of visitors.

THE ARSENAL MUSEUM.

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that seemed to demand more attention than the cleansing
of the Museum building, and the preparation of suitable V
accommodations for the various animals in places where they
would not be offensive. Before the close .of the summer
of 1870, the animals and birds were securely housed and
caged in various buildings adapted to~ their wants, constructed
by this Department.

A series of buildings surround the Museum, ornamental
in design and convenient to the public. There are: one
for the carnivora; one for the birds and monkeys; open-
air sheds for the bears, wolves, &c.; roomy and open-air
cages for the eagles, domestic fowls, &c.; an inclosed
building for elephants, camels, and various tropical animals,
and (in process of erection at the west of the Museum
buildings) a larger structure intended for carnivora, tropical
cattle, &c.

To these buildings and sheds, as fast as completed, all
the animals and birds in the Museum were transferred, and
the premises formerly used for them were adapted to use
as offices of administration for the Department and its
clerks. All these buildings are heated by steam that is
generated in the basement of the Museum building and
carried through pipes underground for a distance of three
or four hundred feet. Thus there is afforded a uniform
and easily regulated heat in each building, with security
against fire.

In the upper story of the Museum building there was,

as already mentioned, many unpacked cases containing speci-

22

mens intended for the Museum of Natural History. To
accommodate them, show-cases suitable in character and
design, were constructed by this Department, and the speci—
mens may now be seen upon the second and third floors of
the building. The show cases consist of butternut—wood,
trimmed with black walnut, and are fitted with English
plate—glass. For some time the Meteorological Bureau of
the Department, an important branch of our work, under
the charge of Professor Draper, has been located in this
building. His interesting report is annexed.

Several of the rooms in this part of the building have
been appropriated for the use of the Curators of the
Museum, with every convenience necessary for preparing,
adapting, and arranging specimens for exhibition. At the
southerly end is an office for the use of the Trustees of
the Museum of Natural History; also, one for the Chief
Landscape Gardener, together with offices for the use of
the Commissioners. The basement floor has been fitted
for the purposes of the police, including a general office for

transacting the business of the bureau.

ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN.

It was stated in the Reports of the late Commissioners
that they had established a Zoological Garden on Manhattan
square. By reference to a topographical survey (hereunto
attached), it will be perceived that this square is about 18
acres in extent, most of it rocky, some parts projecting 25

or 30. feet above grade, and some lying 25 or 30 feet

23

below. It contains two ponds of water, the result of the
surface drainage of the surrounding land. There is no
sewer upon the island west of the Central Park from which
these ponds can be drained. The only sewer connected with
the ground is at Seventy—seventh street, and this is three»
feet above the bottom of the principal pond. How this
square could ever be used for the purpose of a zoological
garden, is not easy to understand. The first necessity for
such a garden is ample drainage for the refuse of animals,
and a spot incapable of being properly drained, must neces-
sarily be an improper place for a zoological garden. In the
expectation that such an institution would soon be con-
sidered a necessity in the Park, it was deemed advisable
to locate the zoological garden in the meadow north of the
Upper Reservoir; -a proper survey of it being first made,»
to ascertain the character of its soil and its facilities for
drainage. The report of the Engineer-in-Chief (attached
hereto) shows that the new locality combines all requisites,
and that to establish a zoological garden in Manhattan
square would have been unwise. _

There is a public impression that a zoological garden
was 'planned by the late Board, which is an error. But it
is proper to say that there are to be found among the
effects of the late Department two papers on the subject,
each purporting to be studies for such an institution. One
of them appears to have been made by the landscape
architects of that regime, but found to be impracticable.

.The other was prepared by the late Mr. Pilat, the Chief

24

Gardener under the original Central Park Commission and
of this Department.» Both of those studies were obviously
immature, and, as the 'Engineer-in—Chief has stated, were
incapable of being carried into effect, and no action was
ever had in respect to either, except determining their im—

practicability.

OBSERVATORY.

There is also a public impression that there was a
designed and developed plan for an Observatory in the
Central Park. This, also, is erroneous. When the late
landscape architects were called on for a statement of the
structures under their control, or in course of progress, they
sent only an immature and imperfect pencil sketch of a

building for an Observatory.

CONSERVATORY.

There is another erroneous impression—that regarding the
Conservatory. Its foundations were being constructed when
this Department assumed office. Until after the present
Board. went into office, no matured plan existed for a Con-
servatory upon Central Park. The plan suggested by the
late Board was one drawn up by their landscape architects,
at the expense and under the orders of certain parties living
on Long Island, who desired to use the proposed building
for the purpose of cultivating flowers therein to be sold in
bouquets. It was to be a two-story building, of about forty

feet in height, which could not be called in any‘ sense a

  

   

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Conservatory, or such an one as the public had reason to
expect, or which would be appropriate to such an exhibition
on the Central Park. The plan proposed by this Department
is one which will result in a structure of a very different
character from the one first prOposed. It calls for a building
about three hundred and seventy-five feet 'in length, forty-
five feet in height in its interior, and in sOme parts one
hundred feet in width. The central building to be a par—
allelogram, terminating at each end in rotundas or circles,
and to contain a Conservatory for tropical and exotic
plants. The artificial lake at the west of the Conservatory
will form an attractive feature, in connection with the es—
planade by which it will be reached. It should be remarked
that this Department is not responsible for the site of this
Conservatory and Lake, and that it would have selected
some other locality if a great expense had not been already
incurred in the foundations and in the artificial lake adja—
cent. One objection to the locality is that it will always
be damp, no matter how perfect the means of heating
the proposed building may be. Besides, the morning sun
_will not have access to it, unless the building be elevated
much more than would have been necessary if it had
been properly located. In order to obtain the height neces—
sary ,to receive the benefit of the morning sun, and at the
same time avoid the damp and cold of the locality, an
additional floor or story must be constructed beneath the
building, to run its entire length, and about sixteen feet in

height. This can be appropriated to pomological and flori-

26

cultural exhibitions. The additional height will not detract

' from the beauty of the building.

THE LAWNS, TREES, AND SHRUBBERY OF THE PARK.

Mr. Pilat, the first chief landscape gardener, had been
engaged upon the Park many years, though not absolutely
in control of the Gardening Department, because (as he
complained to this Department) he had been restricted to
following orders without reference to his own fancy. He
was a man of good judgment, large experience, of nice
taste, and of great zeal in his profession. He was directed
to summon to his assistance the best talent he could procure.
He did so, and the Central Park for the first time was
'placed in untrammelled charge of a corps of capable and
efficient gardeners, who are still continued—a corps une-
qualled for skill and efficiency, They considered it unneces—
sary for the natural adornment of the Park that the wooded
portion should remain covered with an undergrowth of cat-
,briers and tangled weeds to the exclusion of vistas of lawn
and scenery; or that trees and bushes near the drives
should remain so close together as to preclude the circu—
lation of air, and shut out what Would otherwise be beau—
tiful views of landscape; or that the walks of the Park
should remain without shade. The present Board con"
curred that in such respects. the Park could be materially
improved; and also that lower branches of trees, which
obstructed pedestrians, could be removed with propriety;

and that a proper system of pruning and trimming would

.27

prove advantageous to trees and shrubbery. A visitor to
the Park ishould be able at all seasonable times, in his '
walks through it, to rest himself under shade. To accom-
plish this, large trees have been transplanted from spots
where they are not needed, to places at intervals along the
sides of the drives and’ walks; This system will be con-
tinued until all the roads and walks upon the Park are

amply furnished with shade trees.

HOT- HOUSES, AND PROPAGATING— HOUSES.

The propagating—houses of the Park previous to 1870,
were two in number, small in size, and in every respect in-
adequate. lndeed, the culture of floWers in the Park seemed
almost to have been forbidden, sofew were to be found.
The principal hot—house of the Park (or what is yet called
the “Conservatory”), at the side of Mount St. Vincent,
contained a valueless collection, scarcely worthy of being
kept under glass. If it was desirable to add flowers to
the beauties of our parks, it became necessary to enter
immediately upon the construction of propagating—houses
and hot-houses of the proper character. The number of ,
propagating-houses has been recently increased. But it is
proposed at an early day to construct on the most ap--
proved plan a series of such houses in plaCe of those at
present existing, in connection with an intermediate Con-
servatory, of a size and character sufficient for the purpose
of cultivating plants and shrubbery, whiCh are to be placed

at proper times in the grand Conservatory building when

28

finished; by means of which sufficient of .this class of

material will at all times hereafter be raised.

TOPOGRAPHICAL AND OTHER SURVEYS OF WESTCHESTER COUNTY.

The Department has in progress the proper topographi-
cal surveys of Westchester County, below the village of
Yonkers, together with a plan for the improvement of Har-
lem River and Spuyten Duyvil Creek. It has also pushed
forward the laying out of that part of the Island of New
York located above One Hundred and Fifty—fifth street.
There was no engineer in charge of this work at the
time the Board entered upon its office. The various
maps, surveys, and field—notes of engineers, and other mem—
oranda, were discovered in a room of the former Depart-
ment, piled up in mass, apparently without reference to
subject or matter. The survey of a portion of Westchester
County had been contracted for with two surveyors living
therein. But as the money to be received from the towns
of the County of Westchester had not been paid, the con—
tinuance of the work under those contracts was suspended.
The portion of the work that had been done was in an
unfinished state, and was contained in the pile of maps
and field-notes. Indeed this branch of the Department
presented chaos and disorder. With no one in charge of
it, there was no one to give information as to its con-
dition. The Civil and Topographical Bureau was organized
by our placing at its head a chief engineer, and dividing it

into fOur separate divisions, as heretofore stated. All the

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29

various maps, field-notes, sketches, and diagrams have been

carefully collated, filed, and recorded.

THE TRANSVERSE ROADS.

The Transverse Roads—four in numberé—should have
been long ago finished. These roads are still in the state in
which they were left at the time when the Park was con-
structed. They have been to some extent utilized and
prepared for public travel; they are partly lighted with gas,
and at an early day will be entirely completed. The gas
brackets designed and cast for lighting them are believed
to be good specimens of neatness and economy. What
method shall be adopted in preparing these roads for public
use, whether by stone pavement or some other pavement,
is under consideration. But whatever may be the conclu-
sion, it will be controlled by a determination to put down
a roadway that will not require relaying or repairing for
many years. The importance of making these roads avail-
able as means of communication from one side of the city
to another cannot be overestimated; but it is also quite as
important that they shall be so paved as not to be an

objectionable feature to the Park.

THE WALL AROUND THE PARK.

This Department does not concur in the design of
placing a solid Wall around the Park, deeming it an
obstruction of the view from the exterior. Yet the plan

adopted for this work had been carried out at so many

30

different points upon the Park, that there was no choice
. but .to continue its construction. A more serious objection
to it, however, is its great cost. The foundation of it,
beginning eight feet below the surface of the sidewalk,
and extending four feet above, consisting of a heavy bed
of masonry supporting a superstructure of cut stone, is
obviously not economy. It must now be continued entirely
around the Park. This Department has adopted a different
stone for the superstructure from that heretofore laid, sub-
stituting Ohio for the Nova Scotia or Dorchester stone;
the latter is far inferior to the former, although the Ohio

stone has been laid. at about the same price.

SEWAGE FOR THE FILTH FROM THE ROADS.

A great error was made in the construction of the Park,
in not providing a proper sewage for the filth from the
roads, menagerie buildings, lurinals, and various cottages in
the Park. During the past summer the results from this
defect were especially apparent. The lakes of the Park
were supplied only by surface drainage, and had conveyed'
to them all the filth upon the Park. As a consequence
of this system the lakes became green and stagnant, and in
parts were quite offensive. Complaints had been made of
this, but there were no means of remedying the difficulty-
The Croton Reservoir could afford us no aid, as all its
supply was needed for city use. The lake at Fifty—ninth
street ,was the receptacle for the filth of all the animals

in the Park; the large lake the receptacle for all the‘

31

principal urinals, cottages and roads of the Park. The
upper lakes drained the section of the city west of the-
Park, including the lager-beer breweries and faCtories located
at that point. In ordinary seasons, with the usual rain
fall, 'this refuse matter would, to a great extent, be carried
off by the drains attached to each of the lakes; but dur—
ing great drOught, such as was experienced in the past
summer, the lakes seldom rose to the height of the drains,
and all that came into them had to be evaporated in
the ordinary way. It now involves a great expenditure
to overcome these defects. At the time when the Park
was constructed, but few street or avenue sewers were
located around it to carry off the surface water, and then
the Park lakes had the advantage of draining this surface
water, and were always well filled, and the wasted water
that came from them was sufficient at all times to keep
what remained in a reasonably pure state. Not so, how—
ever, at the present time. Sewers have been rapidly built
in the streets surrounding the Park, which take off all the
surplus drainage from them, and leave only a supply to
these lakes from the water—fall of the Park. The over-
flow from the Croton has never been of any account, and
never will be, in all probability. A supply of water for the
lakes must be provided otherwise. Whether this shall be
done by drawing to them water from the river, or by
erecting steam—engines and drawing off the water at one
end and forcing it through at another, so as to produce

a circulation, is a question to be determined. The water

32

of the upper lakes has always been in a condition quite
objectionable. At present there is just enough of it for
the purposes of cascade and for beauty, but it has never
been of a quality that fish could live in. One of the
lakes has been drained and cleaned. The same course
would have been :pursued with the others had time per—

mitted.

SEWER FROM THE MENAGERIE AND MUSEUM BUILDINGS.

Workmen of this Department are now constructing a
sewer from the Menagerie and Museum Buildings directly
to the sewer at Fifty-ninth street. This is requisite because
of the height of the Fifth avenue sewer adjoining, which
is above the level of the grounds necessary to be drained.
A system of sewage throughout the entire Park will be
undertaken, by means of which the lakes will be freed

from all impurities.

THE HARLEM RIVER IMPROVEMENT.

The» ‘Harlem River Improvement had not, apparently,
been considered by the late Park Commissioners; at least,
no evidence of their having considered it can be found
within the Department. This subject has been entered
upon by the appointment of a division engineer, under
the control of the Chief of the Civil and Topographical
Engineering Bureau. The whole matter is now receiving

proper . consideration.

33

THE SIDEWALKS OF THE PARK ON THE FIFTH AVENUE.

The Sidewalks of the Park on the Fifth avenue seemed
an important portion of the ground to be improved and
adapted to public use. They had been allowed to remain
in the state they were left from the beginning, except that
rough, stone and other similar matter had collected upon
them to an extent which rendered them impassable. An
asphalt pavement has been laid along the entire width; two
rows of trees throughout the length, as far as the walks
were capable of being so prepared, have been planted, and
before the close of last autumn this sidewalk was completed
in the same manner as the Park paths up to Seventy—ninth
street. Not only have trees been planted on the walk, but
around each an elegant and strong wrought—iron guard has
been placed, prepared from designs and under the direction
of the Department, so that this portion of the work presents
a finished appearance. This walk will be continued as
fast as the wall of the Park shall be constructed, as it is
found that the public enjoyment of this particular improve—

ment is quite equal'to that of any portion of the Park.

FIFTY-NINTH STREET.

‘ Fifty-ninth street, adjacent to the Park, wasina very '
imperfect condition, only partly paved, and altogether pre—
sented a very unpleasant spectacle in connection with the
beautiful grounds adjacent. The square at Fifth avenue

and Fifty-ninth street was in a similar condition, and, in-

3

34

deed, in respect to this it is not at all surprising that there
should have been hesitation in its improvement. Why this
square was ever laid out, no one has been able to deter-
mine. Of what special use it is to the Park is beyond
comprehension.

If width of entrance was needed, it could have been
easily obtained within the Park, or by truncating the point of
entrance. . But the propriety of taking a square of ground for
this purpose, at a cost of half a million of dollars, without
any benefit, seems quite incomprehensible. It is now, how—
ever, proposed to improve it by placing upon it a fountain,
surrounded by a plaza planted with trees, giving shade and
accommodation for those who desire to enjoy it. All the
possible advantages of it could have been had without any
expense additional to the Park itself. It has been converted
by us from a damp, muddy spot, into a roadway similar
to that of the Park drives, and has been adapted to the grade
.of the roadway adjacent, by relaying the pavement of Fifth.
avenue and Fifty-ninth street, and paving and repaving
the latter street until at the entrance of the Park, notwith-
standing the 'rail-tracks, the roadways are all that can be

desired.

THE EIGHTH AVENUE CIRCLE.

The Eighth Avenue Circle, adjacent to the Park, seemed
to have been abandoned. The track of the Eighth Avenue
Railroad, which bisected the circle, was removed through

arrangements made by this Department. The central por-

 

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tion of the circle was finished, and the entire roadway
completed upon the plan of the Boulevard, to which it
is the opening entrance. This circle has been suggested
'as a proper place for the monument authorized by the
Legislature two years ago to be erected in honor of the
memory of the soldiers and sailors of our country who lost
their lives in the late war. It is a proper place for such a
monument, and the subject is , now under consideration.
Several plans have been considered for a structure of the
character desired, and at an early day such a monument

‘ will be erected.

CONFINED CHARACTER OF THE DRIVESLAND ROAD WIDENING.

Numerous complaints were made respecting the narrow
roadways of the Park, particularly at the northerly end and
east of the great Croton Reservoir, and of the abrupt turns
that had caused many casualties. It was apparent to any
visitor of the Park that the roads upon the easterly side
should have been originally formed eight or ten feet
wider, or of the width of roads upon the westerly side.
This Department has accordingly effected a widening of the
roadway, and a remedy for the abrupt curves above men—
tioned, and now the traveling public have a commodious
and convenient drive through all the hitherto constricted
and dangerous portions of the Park. The road east of the
upper reservoir, between it and the Fifth avenue, has been

widened about twelve feet, the greatest extent of which it is

36

capable. In doing this all the trees bordering it, or within
the place widened, have, been transplanted, and not one thus
far has been lost in the operation. A collection of ever-
greens will be planted along the avenue side of this road,
as it is not desirable to plant deciduous trees, which will
grow to a large size, in the narrow space between the
road and the walk. The abrupt turn in this road at
about Seventy-ninth street has been remedied by giving
it a gradual curve. The widening of the roads west of .
the reservoir, and between it and the Eighth avenue, has,
not yet been undertaken. The widening there will be easily
accomplished when desired, but it is not demanded at.
present. These improvements of the roads on the east-
erly side have entailed considerable expense wherever they
crossed bridges and interfered with the transverse roads;
still they have been done carefully, and without interference '

with the public travel during the whole progress of the work.

THE POLICE.

Although much had been claimed for the efficiency of the
Park Police, the Board did not, find it as efficient as they
desired it to be. After many fruitless efforts to reform the
discipline, it was determined to seek for a new Chief who
would give confidence to the public as to his executive ability,
and impart vigor and thoroughness of organization to his:
command. The neglect to provide proper accommodations:
for the Park Police was of itself demoralizing. This has

been radically remedied. The basement of the Museum

37

building has been rearranged I and fitted up with every
convenience needed for a police force ; as has also a
sub—station in the basement of the Mount St. Vincent
building. Captain Nathaniel R; Mills, who had been for ten
years identified with the Metropolitan Police in positions of
command, was selected as the Chief. He took charge of all
the force under control of the present Board, consisting of
park-keepers and gate—keepers, not only those in the Central
Park, but in the numerous city parks and lands and places
extending from the Battery to Mount Morris square. These
duties demand superior organizing capacity, as well as great
vigilance on the part of the Chief and of the lieutenant and
sergeants under him. The change of captain has accom—
plished all that could be desired; and inasmuch as by an act
«of the last session of the Legislature the Department has
been vested with full power to appoint its park-keepers, with
police powers, it now has within its own control the means of
making the police force a modeliin every respect. The system
in respect to promotions, that was inaugurated by the late
Commissioners, still remains the same; that is, no person
can be appointed to the police force of the Central Park until
after he has proved himself an efficient gate—keeper, and in
that capacity acquired a knowledge of all the duties of a
keeper of the park, or policeman; therefore the original ap—
pointments are always upon the gate—keeper force, and from
that force are selected those who, from merit alone, are
entitled to be promoted. The number of park-keepers is far

less than it should be, and yet the expense attending an in-

38

crease of the force is so great as to cause hesitation in that re—
spect. Every park—keeper costs on an average about fifteen
hundred dollars per annum, and it is not justifiable to increase
this expense without the most imperative necessity, and yet
every portion, of the Central Park should be within easy call
of a policeman. At present, the arrangements of the force are
necessarily limited to the drives and the principal walks. The
Ramble, and other secluded places in the Park, ought to have
a park—keeper always within sight, so that a lady or child can
visit at any time all [parts of the Park with perfect security,
and without fear of molestation. The'effect of properly sup—
plying our city parks with policemen has been very beneficial.
The force upon these places has been cautioned to be con-
siderate and forbearing in the performance of their duties,
especially toward children. coming upon the squares ; to rather
repress rudeness than enforce any inflexible discipline. The
children now frequent the squares, accompanied by their at-
tendants, or without attendants, and it is a great gratification
to know that the new arrangements have contributed to the
pleasure and happiness of the growing population of the city.
,It is not enough to provide them with open parks and squares,
where they may enjoy themselves in their childish amuse~
ments, but they should be protected at all times by a
public officer ready and willing to be thoughtful, kind, and

gentle, rather than harsh and overbearing.

SIDEVVALK , ENCROACHMENTS.

The uses of the streets around the Central Park, the

39

control of which has been confided by law to this Depart—
ment, have been restricted by wholesome ordinances, pro--
viding that no structure shall be placed upon the line of
the street without the consent and concurrence of the Board,
excepting stoops and court—yards, which must conform to
general regulations, and the plans of which must first be
submitted to this Department for approval. There had been
erected in Fifty-ninth street and the Fifth avenue build—
ings with inclosures and court-yards, directly in violation of
the ordinances of the late Board of Commissioners'of the
Central Park, and of which no notice had been taken.
Had the question been a new One whether or not the
present Board would allow these encroachments upon the.
line of the street, the Department would doubtless have
considered it improper to permit them many degree, but,
inasmuch as a number of owners of property had been
allowed to erect buildings that involved large expendi-
tures for stoops, areas, and court—yards, it became a neces—
sity, for the, sake of uniformity, to adopt a similar system.
in regard to new buildings rather than attempt to abate
the results of previous violations of the ordinances. 'The
new ordinances have been rigidly enfOrced by this Depart—
ment, and no encroachments have been permitted without
expreSs permit, and such as are of a nearly uniform char—

acter with those already made.

THE CHIEF LANDSCAPE I'GARDENER.

In the death of Mr. Pilat, the Chief Landscape Gardener,

40

within a few months after this Department organized, it
met with a serious loss at the very outset of its official
career. The Board was unwilling to fill his place until the
able assistants 'whom he had gathered around him in his
lifetime had been thoroughly tried. They were sufficiently
experienced to warrant giving them a fair trial before placing
in command any new and untried man, who had simply a
reputation without any practical experience for the work in
hand. The result has been highly gratifying, especially in
the case of Mr. Pollard, as acting chief. Among the many
thousand trees and bushes transplanted throughout the Cen-
tral Park, and from that Park into the various city parks,
thus far scarcely a single accident or loss has occurred.
Throughout the winter the planting was carried on with
the frozen ball, and the opening of spring has fully attested
the accuracy and perfection with which this was done. The
Central Park itself has also been improved by the removal
of the trees essential for that purpose; but, apart from that
fact, had it not been for the Central Park, the trees re-
quired for city use could not have been obtained; thus
while the Central Park has been improved by withdrawing
these trees from it, the‘ adornment of the other parks and
places of the city has been accomplished at a moderate

COSt.

BOULEVARD} AND AVENUES.

It is proposed to have the main Boulevard completed

for use during the coming season, in its entire length to

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41

One Hundred and Fifty-fifth street, so far as a single road-
way is necessary for the purpose. ‘

The Sixth avenue is already open from One Hundred
and Twenty—fifth street to the Central Park, thereby affording
the inhabitants of Harlem an easy and pleasant means of
access to the lower portion of the city, and to the citizens
generally one of the most delightful drives ever provided
on New York Island. The Boulevard itself is nearly open
its entire length up to One Hundred and Sixth street at
the present time. A year ago it was not open at all.
Indeed, it was then in a very imperfect and chaotic state.
The Avenue St. Nicholas is progressing now with great
rapidity, the Seventh avenue likewise, and at an early day
it is intended to commence the improvement of Manhattan
street and Kingsbridge road, and also Tenth avenue.

These great main thoroughfares and necessities of com-
munication, when completed, will provide access and devel-
opment to the property upon the Island to an extent that
will amply remunerate the city for all the expenditures
that may be made upon such important lines of travel.
These public works will be pushed forward with all possible
speed. The sewage of these avenues will also receive
prompt attention when the plans for the sewers of the

streets adjacent are determined by the Department of Public

Works.

THE COMPTROLLER OF ACCOUNTS.

Valuable assistance has been rendered the Department

42

by the Comptroller of Accounts, Mr. Van Nort, who has
been so long connected with the Central Park, and who
has been promoted to the position of Chief of the Bureau
of Accounts. To this officer the greater portion of the
inquiries must be made by those seeking information from

the Department.

OF THE ENGINEER—IN-CHIEF.

The Board feel under great obligation to the Engineer-
in—Chief, Mr. Kellogg, for the comprehensive capacity and
untiring zeal with which he has executed all the plans and
directions of the Board for‘the completion of the boulevards
and avenues. His report, hereto appended, fully vindicates
the approval and the'high appreciation. of his valuable ser-

vices by this Department.

CHIEF CLERK.

.Mr. Barker, the chief clerk in this bureau, has charge
of the purchasing for the entire Department of all the
materials reduired by the different bureaus. He has mani—
fested great fidelity and trustworthiness in the management

of that part of the business to which he is assigned.

SUPERINTENDENCE OF MR. CRANE.

The Central Park has, during the administration of this
Department, been under the superintendence of Mr. Crane.
He had long assisted in that work, but at the time when

this Board entered office he was acting in a subordinate

43

position. He had been so long connected with the Park
that he was deemed entitled to the , higher position to

which he was transferred.

‘ : ARCHITECT.“

The architect, Mr. Mould, and; his, chief , assistant, and
constructing architect, Mr. Munckwi'tz, have superintended
the various structures, of the Park, have perfected the
drawings necessary, for all constructions, and have directed
the workmen engaged. The report iof,_Mr. Mould demon-
strates how attentive ,his‘ bureau has been to its V duties.
The work performed there has not only been very con-_
siderable, but has been such as to require very great care,
judgment, and taste. Apart from what has been done by
this bureau during the past year, there are many projects
on hand; and many drawingsfi designs, and studies now are

before the Board for action.

CITY PARKS.

The care and management of the City Parks was a
new, responsible, and embarrassing duty. The members of
the present Board, having long been residents of the City
of New York—some of them-having been 5born here, and
most of them having lived here the greater portion of their
lives—all felt a sensitive regard for the eminent public
demand that these parks should be converted from the
neglected, repelling, and unpleasant places they had been

for many years, into breathing—spots that 1 should afford plea—

44

sure to the people frequenting or passing them, and to

the masses who have not the means of frequent access to
Central Park. V

THE CITY HALL PARK.

The most conspicuous and therefore the first, although
most uninviting Park demanding attention, was that of the
City Hall. During the construction of the Court-House, a
large portion of it adjoining Broadway had been fenced in
and used as a place of deposit for unsightly incumbrances,
lumber, stone, and refuse matter. The General Government,
through its agents employed in erecting the Post-Office
upon the lower portion of the Park, had also inclosed a
space ninety feet in width, extending from ' Broadway to
Park row. They had erected within that space a mass. of
sheds, stables, and one-story buildings, and surrounded it
- with a disfiguring fence that had been rented out for posting
placards of every kind, creating a positive nuisance, and yet
the Government agents at first seemed unwilling to yield
up any part they had appropriated, or to aid the proposed
improvements in any manner. However, it was finally
arranged that they should relinquish a sufficient portion,
which this Department availed itself of in order to construct
a public street, from Broadway to Park; row, for the pur-
pose of relieving the great crush of travel and traffic that
generally sets in during the business hours of the day from
Printing House square to Chambers street. The Depart—

ment, in improving this Park decided to throw into the

4S

carriage-ways of Broadway and Park row the space used
for sidewalks, thereby materially contributing to the con-
venience of pedestrians and the more rapid 'transit of
Vehicles. As a further improvement, the dilapidated iron, I
railing around the Park was entirely removed. And now
the exiSting condition of the City Hall Park, with its
cultivated inclosures, its trees, shrubbery, fountains, and

paved walks, excites univerSal approval.

TOMPKINS SQUARE.

Tompkins Square Park was next improved. It is located
in a thickly-settled portion of the city, and surrounded by
densely-occupied tenement houses. It had been appropriated
by law to the military of the First Division as a parade
ground, and therefore the Department was limited in the
treatment of it. The plan thus far carried out is believed
to be the best that can be adopted. It may be described
in its present condition as a beautiful frame, the picture
yet to be placed within it. If the military abandon its use
for other places the picture can be inserted. The plan con-
sists in laying out a grassplot forty feet in width around the
interior border, and within this a walk of twenty—five feet
in width for promenading. On the outer side of this walk
rows of deciduous trees have been already planted, inter—
spersed with lamps and benches and settees, in order that
persons may have places of rest or enjoy the reviews of the
military or the promenade afforded by the walks. The entire

curb around the exterior sidewalk has been removed and

46
a new one substituted. Within the line of the curb, at
every thirty feet, a deciduous tree is planted. All the trees
within the bounds‘of this square that were in a dead or
unhealthy State have been removed. The exterior sidewalk
is covered with an asphalt pavement, which affords a smooth
promenade equal to that of the Park itself. Two large
public urinals have been placed in the square, suitably
protected with evergreens. Also two sentry-boxes, or
'keepers’ houses. Indeed, the whole place is made inviting,
and the approval of the work at this point will be best
determined by a visit. Here may be witnessed thousands
‘of children enjoying the pleasures of open space. The
question has been mooted of permitting this square to be
used by ball—clubs; it has not, as yet, been allowed, and
there are grave objections to any such use of a public

park. However, the matter is under consideration.

THE BOWLING GREEN.

The Bowling Green, so prominently situated at the
lower end of Broadway, on the route of the ferries, was
found by this Department to be in a conspicuous condition
of neglect and decay, but little inferior to that of the
adjacent Battery grounds. It presented some evidencesiof
efforts at improvement and ornamentation made long ago,
when it was surrounded by fashionable residences. There
were the remains of a tasteful fountain, which had long ceased
to play, and of trees and shrubbery, which were dead or

dying from long neglect. The Bowling Green, aside from

 

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47

its prominent position, is an object of interest to all New

Yorkers from its memorable associations. Its renovation was

considered one of the earliest duties of the Department, and
much has been done for it comparatively. The railing
around it, a relic of old times, has been repaired and
painted, and the gates and coping reset. The fountain
has been put in good order and set playing, the whole
ground sodded, and new walks laid out,‘ with posts and
chains guarding them, and neat settees provided for the
comfort of wayfarers and of those who may desire to fre—
quent this conveniently situated little spot. New treestwere
substituted for those dead or dying, and shrubbery and
flowers added, and it is now one of the most beautiful

and attractive places in the city.

THE BATTERY.

The Battery has, in its natural advantages, attractions
as a place of recreation, unsurpassed, probably unequaled,
by those of any similar public place in the world. The
fresh sea—breeze and the comprehensive View of our noble
harbor, always alive? with the movement of ships and steam-
ers, combine to make it at once the most wholesome and
the most inspiriting means of bodily and mental refresh—
ment within immediate reach of our citizens. Nevertheless,
we found its great natural attractions overcome by an
offensive and unsightly condition of its walks and borders,
the, result of long neglect. When the neighborhood was

the residence of men of wealth this Park was kept in good

48

order. The population now found in its vicinity need more
than any other, cheap and accessible means of healthful
recreation; and the obligation of the city to preserve this
noble Park is stronger than ever before. Our work upon
it has gone already far enough to prove to the public that
we recognize this obligation.

Castle Garden, the emigrant’s landing—place, is a necessary
adjunct to our harbor, at least temporarily. It is difficult to
counteract its unpleasant appearance; still the Department shall
do so, and in a short time make the Battery a permanent,
inviting and delightful place for the wearied toilers in its
vicinity, restoring, too, the charms it had of old, for the
stranger visiting our city. The Department has filled in
, about seventy thousand yards of material and nearly finished
the sea—wall; the grounds have been laid out in plots,
elegant and picturesque in appearance; over a thousand
trees and bushes have been planted. Nor have we for—
gotten the necessity of adapting the adjacent streets to
existing and future; business traffic, not detracting materially
from the capacity of the Battery itself. Whitehall street,
at the entrance to the ferries, we have converted into
a great open space or plaza, by throwing into it about sev-
enty—five feet of the Battery, being a portion not very capable
of ornamentation. State street, with its single rail—track, was
little frequented by vehicles: by adding twelve feet to its
roadway, and relaying the street pavement throughout its
entire length, it has been made attractive for purposes of

traffic. The Department proposes erecting around the exte-

 

 

 

 

 

 

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49

rior on Battery place, State street, and Whitehall street,
several drinking fountains, and several for the use of horses.
Throughout all the city parks it is intended to erect similar
fountains.

' Another greatly needed convenience introduced upon the
city parks has been the public urinals. The Board propose
also to erect in the several city parks cottages for ladies and
children, of the same class as those upon Central Park, con—
taining comfortable dressing-rooms, at all times in, the care
of an attendant, and protected by a park—keeper within

convenient call.

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LADIES’ COTTAGE,

Central Park.

The small squares or open places of the city, consisting
of triangles and odd pieces of ground, will all be converted

into plots agreeable to the surrounding neighborhood, instead

4

So

of leaving them offensive spots, the resort of vile characters

for improper purposes, as had been the case of late years.

THE DUANE STREET PARK.

The Duane Street Park possessed a half—destroyed fence,
and was in a state of dilapidation. Its renovation was under-
taken, and it has been made an elegant little triangular

spot, filled with deciduous trees, evergreens, and shrubs.

BEACH STREET TRIANGLE.

In .a similar condition was the small triangle at Beach
street, except that it had, besides the' objectionable features
of the Duane Street Park, a number of ailanthus trees
giving out their offensive odor. The neighbors desired them
to be removed, and this was willingly done. The place is

now in an attractive condition.

FOOT OF CANAL STREET.

At the foot of Canal street was an open place which
had been used for many years as a dumping ground; and
persons having occasion to visit the North river steamers
at this point, will recollect that open space. It has been
provided with a new railing, coping, sidewalk, and curb,
and with a park—keeper in charge. It is now the resort
of the children of that neighborhood (a portion of the
city filled with an immense population of the working
classes), and large numbers congregate about the walks of

this little park enjoying themselves after school hours.

51

PARKS ON THE SXTH AVENUE.

The parks on the Sixth avenue, at Thirty-second and
Thirty-fourth streets, have been converted into flower gar-
dens. The sidewalks have been treated the same as the
other small parks, with new curbing and the Scharff asphalt
pavement. A fountain has been placed in the Thirty-second

street Park.

PARKS UPON PARK AVENUE.

The parks upon Park avenue, over the Harlem Rail-
road tunnel, have received considerable attention. After
their improvement was begun, an application was received
from the Harlem Railroad Company to permit the construc-
tion of openings through them for the light and ventilation
of the tunnel underneath, intended for the use of their
horse—car railroad and passengers generally. Five openings in
each park, of a character that do not materially interfere
with the proper ornamentation and planting, were according—
ly_made. Their effect has been to ventilate and improve the
tunnel to such an extent as to make it as light as desired
for the purposes of the railroad; while, at the same time, the
openings have not interfered materially with the planting. They
are now nearly completed. The floral portion of" the plant-
ing has been perfected. The openings will be coped with
granite similar to that of the railing on the exterior; this
will be surmounted by a neat trellis railing, over which

will ‘be trained delicate vines which, not obstructing the light

52

through the openings in the tunnel beneath, will tend to
beautify the parks above.

THE TRIANGLE AT THE FIVE POINTS.

The triangle at the Five Points is still incomplete, owing
to the fact that the grade of the streets surrounding this
spot is intended to be raised some six or seven feet; and
while awaiting the action of the proper Department for this
purpose, nothing has been done except to prepare the railing

and coping, to be set at any moment.

WASHINGTON SQUARE.

Late in the autumn plans were matured for the improve-
ment of Washington square, but soon after the commencement
of the work the cold weather caused it to be suspended. It
was recommenced in the spring, and is being rapidly com—
pleted. The plan for avoiding the irregular appearance that
the extension of Fifth avenue at this point would produce,
had it been carried out in the manner intended, meets the
public approval. It is proposed as a part of the design
for the improvement of this place that it shall include the
extensiOn of Sullivan street, through from Amity to Fourth,
to meet one of the i‘oads across the square in front of the
proposed opening. When this shall be completed, the traffic
of Sullivan, Thompson and Laurens streets, from West Broad— 1
way and Canal street, will be drawn to the Fifth avenue,
and thus very materially relieve the travel upon Broadway.

The work at this point has been very heavy; but it has

53

been so utilized as materially to lessen its cost. The surplus
earth of this square was transferred to Tompkins square,
which required many thousand cubic yards of earth and
loam; saving much expense which otherwise would have

been incurred.

RESERVOIR SQUARE.

Reservoir square is now receiving attention. The plans
were perfected during the past winter, and the Board will
remove to it so much of the railing of Madison square '
as is needed, as they intend to dispense with railing at
Madison square. This square will in a few months be

completed.

MADISON SQUARE.

The plans for the improvement of Madison square will
be entered upon as soon as practicable without interfering
with the summer use of the Park. It is proposed to add
to the streetway of Fifth avenue seventy feet of the present
sidewalk and square, and thereby make almost a straight
line of walk from the east side of Broadway at Twenty-third
street to about Twenty-fifth street and Fifth avenue; the
entire railing will be removed, fountains will be constructed
at the upper and lower ends of this square, and the area
of the triangle upon which stands the Worth monument, will
be reduced to a reasonable dimension, so that the greater
part of it may be given to the streetway proper. ~It is at

all these points that vehicles, railway cars and pedestrians

54
are becoming more and more crowded and annoyed. All

these projected improvements must command popular ap-

proval.

THE TRIANGLE AT CHRISTOPHER STREET.

The triangle at Christopher street has not been altered,
but it has been imprOved and kept in condition by planting

bushes and beds of flowers.

MOUNT MORRIS SQUA RE.

Mount Morris square, the great public park of Harlem,
and one of the most beautiful public places on the Island for
capabilities of ornamentation, has received a large share of
consideration. The former Chief Landscape Gardener, Mr. Pilat,
believed it to be capable of being improved to a very high
degree: the roads winding up to the hill in its centre, rising
far above the grades of the streets adjacent, make it an
agreeable place of resort when the atmosphere is clear and
a walk up the hill is inviting. The pOrtion of this, which
is of even grade with the surrounding streets, has been nearly
completed. The square will soon be completed in every
respect, except as to buildings. When the neighborhood
abOut this spot is built up, there will be afforded to those
in charge of this park an opportunity for constructing an ‘

architectural entrance at Fifth avenue.

HIGH BRIDGE PARK.

High Bridge Park has been partly surveyed, and as soon

55

as the topographical map of it is completed, its improve-

ment will receive the attention of the Board.

MORNINGSIDE PARK.

Morningside Park became part of the city property about
the time this Department. organized. The necessary work
to be performed at all other points during the great heat
of the last summer, prevented work until the winter months,
when engineers prepared to lay- it out, and present a map
frOm which to prepare a plan for its improvement. It is,
as is well known, a very difficult piece of ground to treat
for purposes of a garden or public park or place, being on
a side hill, and composed of a mass of rock, with a small
plateau at the lower end. It is not only a very expensive
work to undertake, but one that will poorly exhibit any

attempted improvement.

RECENTLY CONFERRED JURISDICTION.

The Legislature, at its session just closed, enacted two
important laws with respect to this Department. The act
in respect to Westchester County very largely increased the
jurisdiction and duties of the Board over that county,
besides imposing upon them the care of the bridges
across the Harlem river. There is now at work upon
Macomb’s Dam Bridge a force of engineers and workmen
to prevent, if possible, any injury happening to that structure.
This bridge was regarded as dangerous, and the timbers

had been decaying for some time. The chief civil and.

56

tOpographical engineer of the Department, Mr. Grant, with
a force of competent assistants, has this matter in charge,
and no injury can happen, provided the rules adopted for
the use of the bridge, while undergoing the necessary
repairs, shall be observed. Two municipal policemen and
‘ two park—keepers are stationed there, and instructed to en-
force the regulations. The greatest care» and caution shall
be exercised until the necessary supports are placed under
the bridge. The Board hope to be able to put it in a
condition that will allow the construction at this point of a
tunnel or an iron bridge, and to so provide that until the
tunnel or iron bridge is constructed, the present wooden

bridge may be used without danger.

THE SUSPENSION BRIDGE.

The Suspension Bridge authorized across the Harlem
river, within half a mile above High Bridge, will soon be
commenced. The report of the Chief Engineer (attached

hereto) gives all necessary particulars upon this subject.

CONDUCTING DAILY BUSINESS.

This report would not be complete without referring to
the change that has been made in the method of conducting
the daily business of the Department. The offices in which the
late {Commissioners carried on their business were ill adapted
to the purpose. The public had not ready access to the in-
formation which should be within their reach at all times

and without favor. The offices have been removed to a

57

convenient, and accessible point, and at the same time so
arranged as to afford the public every facility for information.
Any one seeking knowledge on any subject within the control
of the Department, or information respecting its employees,
is now able to procure it at all times. The maps of the
various contemplated improvements, and all information re—
specting them, can now be had. The system of accounts
has also been changed, so that every structure and every
city park has a separate account of its expenditure, and at
any time the cost of any single improvement can be as-
certained. The Board propose to continue this system, and
have discontinued the former plan of including all suchA
expenses in one general account.

In addition to all its work, the Board had to meet
the difficulties incident to a summer of the greatest heat
and drought within the recollection of the oldest inhabitant.
All kinds of work were in a great degree suspended, and
it was difficult to enforce rules upon labor, with a summer
sun at a temperature of 130 degrees. Another difficulty
had to be encountered in conforming to the law of 1870,
declaring eight hours to be a day’s work, directing that all
public officials should conform thereto, and declaring that
all attempts to evade this law would be followed by im-
peachment and removal from office. The most material
effect of this law was to reduce the proportion of actual
results in the working of the Department one—fifth in amount,
as by taking two hours from the former working day of

ten hours, four-fifths only of the quantity of work is per-

58

formed for the same amount of money. This was equivalent
to increasing the cost of maintaining Central Park alone,
$50,000 per annum, while the appropriation for this purpose
remained at $300,000, the same amount that had been found
'necessary for its maintenance during former years when

under the control of the late Park Commissioners.

HEADS OF BUREAUS

Reports from the various heads of bureaus within the
Department are hereunto attached. .- They were called upon
to state in a brief form the works that have engaged their
attention during the past year. These will be found to treat
with great particularity the subjects to which they refer.

The report of the Engineer—in—Chief is especially inter-
esting. The maps or plans attached give a proper idea
of the improvements upon the various city parks and ave-

nues.

IMPROVEMENTS EXPECTED.

The Board expect before the present season closes to
complete all the city parks, and thereafter to be enabled
to devote more attention to the completion of the prin—
cipal avenues already referred to—the Morningside and
Riverside Parks, the improvement of Harlem river, the con-
struction of bridges over it, and the improvement of the
portion of Westchester County committed to their jurisdiction.

They also propose to enter immediately upon the con—

sideration of the improvements of the east side of the city

59

authorized by the Laws of 1871, establishing the Eastern
Boulevard. They have already prepared the necessary topo—
graphical surveys of the city above Fifty—seventh street and
east- of the Fifth and Sixth avenues.

The subject of the grades of all this section of the city,
the laying out of the Eastern Boulevard, the widening or
closing of such streets as may be considered advisable
within that district, is one that requires a great deal of
consideration and judgment. Not only must the Board
have the necessary surveys made, but also the locality of
every structure within the district laid down upon the maps
prepared. They will consider this subject during the present
season, and determine in regard to it.

By order of the Board.

PETER B. SWEENY,
Presz'a’mt.

HENRY HILTON,
Treasuwr.

GEO. M. VAN NORT,
Clerk Ex—ofiicz'o.

 

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Humboldt Monument.

The Pond.

Museum and Park Offices.

Dairy.

Children’s Cottage.

Children’s Summer House and Play Ground.
Ball Players’ House.

Play Ground.

The Green.

Statue of Commerce.

Carrousel.

The Marble Arch.

Site of Shakspeare Monument.

The Mall.

Oak and Elm, planted by Prince of Wales.
Music ”Pavilion. '
Vine-covered Walk.

Carriage Concourse.

Casino, or Refreshment House.

Croquet Players’ House.

The Terrace.

Fountain.

Bronze Statue of Tigress.

Drinking Fountain for Horses.

Mineral Spring Building. ‘

Site for Refectory.

The Lake.

The Bow Bridge.

Ladies’ Cottage.

Balcony Bridge.

West Carriage Step—entrance to Ramble.
Schiller’s Monument.

Gentlemen’s Cottage.

The Ramble.

The Tunnel.

The Belvedere.

The Cedars.

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Evergreen Walk.

Site of Morse Statue.
Conservatory Lake.

The Conservatory.

Proposed Art Museum and Hall.
The Maze. ’
South Gate House.

Stable. .
Reservoir Keeper’s House.
Spring.

The Knoll.

North Gate House.

The West Meadow.

The EastMeadow.

The Pool.

The Loch. ‘
Mount St. Vincent House of Refreshment.
The Nursery.

Old Fortification.

Harlem Lake.

The Cliffs.

Block House, War of 1812.
The Briars. '

7th Regiment Monument.

The Great Hill.

Deer Paddock.

Sheep Cote.

Fifth Ave. Plaza and Fountain.
The Circle. '
Arbor.

Bridge or Archway.

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Boat Landing.
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'APPENDIX.

LEGAL HISTORY OF THE JURISDICTION or THE DEPARTMENT OF
PUBLIC PARKS. '

This Department began its existence with the present Charter of
the City of New York. Its various powers, important duties, and
extensive jurisdiction were conferred and authorized by Chapter
1.37 of the Laws of I870, being the Charter referred to, entitled
“An act to reorganize the local government of the City of New
York.” By sections 94, 95, and 96iof that act, it was declared that
the Department of Public Parks should control and manage all
public parks and public places above Canal street, within the City of
New York, the Department to be under the charge of a Board, to
consist of five members appointed by the Mayor of the city, and all.
provisions of law which provide for the maintenance and government
of Central Park, or grant powers and devolve duties upon the
Commissioners of Central Park, theretofore existing, were applied
to the Department of Public Parks, thereby established, and to the

Commissioners thereof respectively.

By Chapter 383 of the Laws of the same year, being an act
amendatory of the Charter referred to, all parks and public grounds
south of Canal street were placed under the control and management

of this Department, and all acts conferring powers and devolving

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duties upon the late Board of Commissioners of Central Park were
thereby transferred to and conferred upon the Department of Public
Parks; and the Department was authorized to include in the
estimate of moneys required for the maintenance and government
of Central Park, such further sum as might be annually required
therefor, together with such sums as might be necessary for the
improvement of the several parks, roads, and avenues under its

control.

By section 15 of the last amended act, the Public Drive, known
as the Boulevard, was declared to be wholly under the care,
management, and control of this Department, and as to the use
thereof the Department was declared to poSsess and enjoy all the
powers possessed and enjoyed or exercised by the late Board of

Commissioners of Central Park.

The first act establishing the Central Park in the City of New
York is Chapter 616 of the Laws of 1853, entitled “An act to alter
the map of the City of New York, by laying out thereon a public
place, and to authorize the taking of the same.” This act fixed the
boundaries of the Central Park, commencing at Fifty—ninth street,
and eXtending to One Hundred and Sixth street, from the Fifth to
the Eighth avenue. Authority was given to take this land for the
purposes of a public park, and providing means for payment to the
owners thereof. \ Afterward, in the year 1857, there was passed “An
act for the regulation and government of the Central Park in the
City of New York” (see Chapter 771 of the Laws of that year). By
this act it was declared that the land referred to should thereafter
be known and entitled as “The Central Park,” and placed under the
exclusive control and management of a Board of Commissioners, to

consist of eleven persons, named and styled “The Commissioners of.

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65

the Central Park.” The act named the Commissioners, and declared
that generally, in regard to said park, they should possess all the
power and authority by law conferred or possessed by the Common
Council of the city in respect to the public places and squares therein.
Further, that no plan for laying out, regulating, and governing
said park should be adopted or undertaken by the Commissioners,
the entire expense of which, when funded, would require for the
payment of the interest thereon a greater sum than one hundred
thousand dollars per annum. A public fund or stock was created,
not exceeding the aforesaid limitation, providing means for the
improvement of the Park. The Board of Commissioners were
authorized to pass such ordinances as in their judgment might seem
necessary for the regulation, use, and government of the Park, not
inconsistent with the ordinances and regulations of the corporation
of the City of New York; persons offending against the same to be
deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by fine, and in default

of payment by imprisonment.

By Chapter 101 of the Laws of 1859,, entitled “An act to alter
the map of the City of New York, by laying out thereon a public
place, and to authorize the taking of the same,” there was added to
the Park all that portion of the City of New York lying between
One Hundred and Sixth street and One Hundred and Tenth street
and Fifth and Eighth avenues; the Commissioners were authorized
to acquire title thereto in the usual manner. Provision was made
for the means wherewith to pay for the land thus added to the Park.
The last section declared that, as to the laying Out, control, and
management of this additional piece of ground, it should be subject
to all the provisions of the previous laws in respect to the Central
, Park, and should be under the exclusive control and management

of the Commissioners thereof.

5

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By Chapter 349 of the LaWs of ‘18 59, entitled “An act to amend
an act entitled ‘An act for the regulation and government of the
Central Park, in the City of New York,’ passed April [7, 1857,
and further to provide for the maintenance and government of said
Central Park,” it was declared that the Board Of Commissioners
should consist of not less than seven nor more than eleven persons,
and the Commissioners then in office were authorized to fill any
vacancies in the Board then existing; further, that no plan for
laying out, regulating, and governing the Park should be adopted
or undertaken by the Commissioners, of which the entire expense
when funded, would require for the payment of the interest thereon
a greater sum than one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars
per annum.' And for the payment of the interest on the stock thus
authorized, the Board of Supervisors were directed to cause to be
- raised by tax on real and personal property within the city and
county, every year, until the whole amount of said fund or stock

should be paid, a sum sufficient to pay the same.

By Chapter 363 of the Laws of 1850, entitled “An act to alter the
L map or plain of the City of New York,” all that part of the Seventh
avenue in said city lying between the southerly side of One Hundred
and Tenth street and the Harlem» river was declared to be widened
by adding thereto, on each side thereof, twenty—five feet, so as to
make the whole width of the said avenue one hundred and fifty
feet; that it should be laid out and regulated under the supervision
of the Commissioners of Central Park, but no action should be
taken in relation thereto, until the owners of at least one—half of.
the front“ of that part of the avenue should petition the Common

Council for such widening.

By Chapter 85 of the Laws of 1866, entitled “An act for the

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construction, regulation, maintenance, and government of Central
Park in the City of New York, and to provide additional means
therefor,” the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty of the city were
required and directed to create and issue a public fund or stock for
the purpose of providing means for the laying out, construction,
government, improvement, and regulation of Central Park, to be
denominated “The Central Park Improvement Fund,” the annual
interest of which was not to exceed one hundred and fifty thousand
dollars. The Commissioners of the Park were also authorized to
estimate annually a sum not exceeding one hundred and fifty
thousand dollars for its maintenance and government during the
year, and'the Board of Supervisors was required to raise and collect
by tax that amount, upon the estates, real and personal, liable to
taxation in the City of New York.

By Chapter 88 of the Laws 'of 1861, entitled “An act to amend
an act entitled ‘An act to amend an act entitled “An act for' the
regulation and government of the Central Park in the City of New .
York,” passed April 17, 1857, and further to provide for the
maintenance and government of the said Park,’ passed April 15,
1859, and further to provide for the construétion, maintenance, and
government of the said Park,” the terms of office for the then
Commissioners were continued for five years thereafter, with power
to fill any vacancies occurring in their Board, and conferring upon
them all the rights, powers, and authorities theretofore conferred
by any act or acts of the Legislature of this State upon the
Commissioners of the Central Park or upon the said Board. The
Board was also authorized to take and hold any gifts, devises, or
bequests that might be made to it, and upon such trusts and
conditions as might be prescribed by the donors or grantors thereof,

.and agreed to by said Board, for the purpose of embellishing or

‘68

ornamenting said Park; and annually should make a statement, in
detail, of the condition and value of all such gifts, devises, or
bequests, and of the names of the-persons by whom the same were

given, devised, or bequeathed.

By Chapter 275 of the Laws of 1864, entitled “An act to amend
an act entitled ‘An act to alter the map or plan of the City of New
York,’ ” passed April 15, _1859 ’(being the act in relation to the
Seventh avenue), that act was by this law amended by declaring
that the Seventh avenue, between Central Park and the Harlem
river should be widened, opened, laid out, graded, regulated,
sewered, paved, and improved by and under the direction of the
Commissioners of Central Park; and all acts and parts of acts then
in force in relation to the widening, opening, laying out, grading,
regulating, sewering, paving, and improving the streets and avenues
in the City of New York were applied to that part of the said
avenue in its enlarged width, except that the Commissioners of
Central Park were authorized, for and in the name of the Mayor,
Aldermen, and Commonalty of the City of New York, and the
several departments thereof, to perform the work to be done under
the provisions of this act; and further, that the Commisioners
should p0ssess all the powers and perform all the duties in relation
- to the widening, opening, laying out, grading, regulating, sewering,
paving, and improving such part of the Seventh avenue in its
enlarged width, and each and every part of the said avenue, which
the said Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty of the City of New York
and the several departments thereof then possessed in, to, and upon
the other streets and avenues in the city. The Park Commissioners
were directed to apply for the appointment of the proper Com—
missioners for. the opening of the aVenue as thus widened, and it

was declared as to such part of said avenue in its enlarged width,

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that it should thenceforth be under the care, management, and
control of the Commissioners of Central Park, in the same manner
and to the same extent as'the Central Park was or might there—

after be under their care, management, and control.

By Chapter 319 of the Laws of 1864, entitled “An act in relation
to Manhattan square, in the City of New York,” the piece of ground
known as Manhattan square, bounded by Seventy-seventh and
Eighty—first streets and the Eighth and Ninth avenues, was annexed
to Central Park, and placed under the care, management, and
control of the Commissioners thereof as fully and completely as the
other part of said Central Park was or might thereafter be under
their care, management and control. It was made the duty of the
Commissioners to inclose, lay out, grade, regulate, drain, and im-
prove the said piece of ground thus annexed, and to connect the
same with Central Park in such way or ways as should not interfere
with the full, free, and uninterrupted use of the Eighth avenue as a
. public street; and they were authorized to establish and maintain
on the said piece of ground, or on any other part of Central Park, '

a botanical and zoological garden.

By Chapter 26 of the Laws of 1865, entitled “An act for the im-
provement, maintenance, regulation, and government of the Central
Park in the City of New York, and to provide additional means
therefor,” the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty of the City of
New York were authorized and directed to create and issue, in
such amounts as should be deemed by the Board of Commissioners
of CentralvPark requisite, a public fund or stock to the aggregate
amount authorized by this act, the stock to be denominated “The
Central Park Improvement Fund;” and the aggregate amount

authorized to be issued was limited to a sum of which the annual

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interest, at the rate of interest at which the stock might be issued,
would be one hundred thousand dollars. For the payment of this
interest, the Board of SupervisOrs were directed to cause to be
raised by tax on the estates, real and personal, subject to taxation,
every year, a sum sufficient to pay the interest aforesaid. The
moneys derived from this stock were to be used and appropriated
by the Board of Commissioners of Central Park for the construction,
improvement, and regulation of that Park. By the last section in
this act it was declared that no military encampment, parade, drill,
review, or other evolutions or exercise should be held or performed
in said Park, or any part thereof, except with the previous consent
of the Board of Commissioners thereof; nor should any military
company, regiment, or military body enter or move in military
order within the said Park; and no military officer should have -
authority to order, direct, or hold any such parade, drill, review, or
other evolution or exercise, or encampment within said Park, except

in case of riot, insurrection, rebellion, or war.

By Chapter 564 of the Laws of 1865, entitled “An act for the
improvement of part of the City of New York, between One
Hundred and Tenth street and the Harlem river,” it was declared
that all that part of Sixth avenue, in the City of New York, lying
between the southerly side of One Hundred and Tenth street and
the Harlem river, should be widened on the map or plan of said
city by adding thereto, on each side thereof, twenty—five feet of
land, so as to make the whole width of that part of the avenue one
hundred and fifty feet. The Commissioners of the Central Park
were authorized and directed, in behalf of the Mayor, Aldermen,
and Commonalty of the City of New York, to apply for the
appointment of Commissioners for the taking of this land, and

appropriating it for the purposes of a public street or avenue.

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By section 4 of this act it was declared that the said Sixth
avenue, together with the streets laid out on the map or plan of the
City of New York between the southerly side of One Hundred
and Tenth street and the Sixth and Seventh avenues and the
Harlem river, should be wholly under the care, management, and»
control of the Commissioners of the Central Park, for the purpose of
fixing the grades of the said avenue and streets, and of regulating
and grading and otherwise improving the same in such manner as
they might deem the public interest might require; and for that
purpose the said Commissioners, as to said avenue and streets, and
the use thereof, should have, possess, and enjoy all the powers.
then or :theretofore possessed, enjoyed, or exercised by such
Commissioners in respect to the Central Park of said city, and by
the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty of the City of New York,
and the several departments of said city, in relation to the streets,
avenues, and similar improvements thereof in other parts of the
said city, and the expenses of such improvements should be
assessed upon the owners and occupants of all lands and premises
benefited thereby, and they should become a lien upon such lands,
and be enforced in like manner as was then provided by law in
relation to assessments for regulating and grading and otherwise

improving streets in the City of New York.

By Chapter 581 of the Laws of 1865, entitled “An act in relation
to the Croton Aqueduct in the City of New York, and certain
streets in the said city,” after making provision in respect to such
aqueduct, by section 3 it was declared that whenever, in the
opinion of the Commissioners of the Central Park, it should
become necessary for the proper drainage of the Park, or any
street or avenue bounding the same, or under the charge of the

Commissioners thereof, to open any street in the city; or whenever,

72

in their opinion, it should be necessary to grade or regulate any
street bounding the said Park, or under the charge of the said
Commissioners, they might notify the Mayor, Aldermen, and
Commonalty of said city that it was necessary to Open, regulate, or
grade such street; and the said Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty
should, within thirty days thereafter, commence; the proceedings
prescribed by law, to open, grade, or regulate such street, and
should continue and complete such proceedings without delay,
suspension, or discontinuance; and if the said Mayor, Aldermen,
and Commonalty should fail to take, continue, and complete such
proceedings as were therein required, the said Commissioners
should thereupon take and become vested with all the powers in the
matter possessed by the said Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty
of the City of New York; provided, however, that all neceS-
sary legal proceedings should be conducted by the Corporation

Counsel.

By Chapter 565 of the Laws of 1865, entitled “An act to
provide for the laying out and improving of certain portions
of the City and County of New York,” it was declared that
the Commissioners of Central Park should have and possess
exclusive power to lay out streets, roads, public squares and
places within that part of the City of New York to the north-
ward of the southerly line of One Hundred and Fifty—fifth
street, of such width, extent and direction, and upon such
grades as to them should seem most conducive to the public
good; and further, it should be the duty of the said Com—
missioners, as soon after the passage of the act as might be,
to lay out a road or public drive, running from the northerly
portion of the Sixth and Seventh avenues, in a generally north—

erly or northwesterly direction upon the easterly or Harlem

73

river side of the city, as far north as the said Commissioners
might determine; thence, in» a generally western direction, to
or near the Hudson river, and thence, in a generally southerly
or southeasterly direction, along the westwardly or Hudson
river side of the city, until such road or public drive should
enter the Central Park at or near the junction of the Bloom—
ingdale road with Eighth avenue and Fifty—ninth street; such
road to follow the course of the Bloomingdale road below One
Hundred and Sixth street whenever the Commissioners should ‘
deem such course advantageous. The Commissioners were to
determine the location, width, courses, Winding, and grading of
said road-or public drive; and might widen the Bloomingdale
road , and determine the grades thereof, and of intersecting
streets and avenues, as they might deem it necessary for the
perfecting of such road or public drive. The Commissioners
were directed to enter upon and cause surveys to be made of .
the lands bounding upon the streets, or roads, or public squares
so to be laid out by them as aforesaid, and file maps thereof
designating the streets, roads, public places, etc., which they
might lay out; and also to erect suitable and durable monu—
ments wherever they might deem it necessary, the location
thereof to be noted upon the maps, plans, or surveys filed by
them; these maps, plans, and surveys of the said Commisioners,
whenyfiled, to be final and conclusive as to the location, width,
and grades of the streets and roads, public squares and places.
exhibited thereon, as well in respect to the Mayor, Aldermen,
and Commonalty of the City of New York as to the owners
and occupants of lands, tenements and hereditaments within the
boundaries aforesaid, or affected by said streets, roads, public
squares and places, and in respect to all other persons whom—

soever. The Commissioners were also directed to acquire title,

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for and in behalf of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty of
the City of New York, for the use of the public, to all or
'any of the lands required for the streets and roads and public
squares and places so laid out by them or any portion thereof;
and for the appointment of commissioners of estimate and assess-
ment in respect thereto, on the confirmation of whose report, or
whenever thereafter the Commissioners of Central Park should
deem it to the public interest so to do, they should from time
to time cause such of said streets, roads, squares, or places as
they might designate for that purpose, to be regulated, graded,
and improved as streets or as country roads, or in such man-
ner as they might deem for the public interest, and might
direct; and for that purpose, and in and about such regu—
lating, grading, and improvements, the Commissioners of the
Central Park should have, possess, and enjoy. all the powers
then or theretofore possessed, enjoyed, or exercised by the
.Mayor, Aldermen, --and Commonalty of the City of New York
as to other streets and roads, and by such Commissioners in
respect to the Central Park, in said city, and such amount or
portion of the expense of such regulating, grading, and im—
provements as the said Commissioners might deem equitable
or might determine, not exceeding, as to the streets or roads,
more than one mile in length, one—half of such expense as should
or might be assessed upon the owners and occupants of the
lands, tenements, and hereditaments and premises benefited
thereby in respect of such lands, tenements, hereditaments, and

premises.

For the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this act,
the Comptroller of the City of New York was authorized and

directed, whenever the Commissioners of Central Park should

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so order, to create and cause to be issued, from time to time,
in the name and in behalf of the County of New York, a
public fund or stock, payable not more than fifty years from
the date of issue thereof, which should be a charge upon the
said county, and should be issued in such amounts, in such
manner, and at such times as might be directed by resolution
of the Commissioners of Central Park; and the moneys col-
lected upon the assessments authorized in said act to be levied
toward the payment of the expenses incurred in regulating,
grading, and improving such streets, roads, public squares and
places, were pledged and were to be applied toward the pay—

ment of said fund or stock.

By section 12 of this act it was declared that all powers
authorized by an act passed April 7, I860, appointing “ com—
missioners for the laying out that portion of the City and
County of New York lying north of One Hundred and Fifty—'1
fifth street,” etc., should then cease and determine, and the
Commissioners of Central Park were vested with all the powers

of such commissioners.

By Chapter 367 of the Laws of 1866, entitled “An Act
' relative to the powers and duties of the Commissioners of the
Central Park,” it was declared to be the duty of the Central
Park Commissioners, immediately upon the passage of said act,
to lay out and establish the grade of an avenue not exceeding
one “hundred feet in width, to be called the Avenue St.
Nicholas, which avenue should commence at or near the in-
tersection of the Sixth avenue and One Hundred and Tenth
street, and run thence in the general direction of the Harlem

lane till it intersected the Kingsbridge road, at or near One

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Hundred and Twenty—fourth street, between Eighth and Ninth
avenues; thence northerly,‘ as near midway between Eighth
and Ninth avenues as the said Commissioners might deem
advantageous, to One Hundred and Thirty—fifth street; thence
northerly, in the general direction of the said Kingsbridge road,
to a point on One Hundred and Fifty-fifth street, about mid-
way between Ninth and Tenth avenues; and such avenue
should embrace such portions of the Harlem lane and old
Kingsbridge road as the said Commissioners should deem it
expedient to include therein, and it might depart from the
line of the said Harlem lane and Kingsbridge road wherever
the said Commissioners might deem it expedient. The Commis-
sioners were also empowered to extend Manhattan street, in a
southerly direction, to said avenue, and might widen said street
to the width of one hundred feet, if they should deem it ex—
pedient; also, Whenever they might deem it necessary, they
were authorized to fix and establish or change the grade of
any street or avenue, or any part of any street or avenue,
that intersected any street, road, or avenue required by law
to be laid out, established, regulated, or improved by them or
under their direction; and Whenever they had fixed, established,
or changed, as required in this section, the grade of any
street or streets or avenue, or any part of any street or ave—
nue, it should be their duty to cause two maps or profiles of
such street or streets or avenues, or parts thereof, showing
the grade so fixed or established or changed by them, and
the grades of such streets and avenues and parts thereof should,
from the time of filing Such maps in the proper offices, be
established as shown in and by the same: further, that such
grade should not thereafter be changed unless the owners of

two-thirds of the land in lineal feet fronting upon any such

Q

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street or avenue, or of any part thereof, where such change
might be proposed to be made, should first consent, in writing,
to such change of grade, and file such consent in the office

of the said Commissioners.

The Commissioners were direCted to make maps, plans, and
surveys of the avenue referred to, and of the widening and
extension of Manhattan street, as in said law provided. These
maps were declared to be final and conclusive as to the loca—
tion and width of Avenue St. Nicholas, as to the widening
and extension of Manhattan street, and as to the grades of
said avenues and said streets. Further, that with respect to
said Avenue St. Nicholas, and in respect to that portion of
Seventh avenue lying north of the Central Park in said city,
and with respect to all streets, avenues, roads, and portions of
said city required by law to be laid out or improved under
the direction of the said Central Park Commissioners, and with
respect to the laying out, grading, regulating, sewering, paving,
and improving the same, the said Commissioners of the Central.
Park should possess all the powers and perform all the duties
then or theretofore possessed, enjoyed, or exercised by such
Commissioners in respect to Central Park in the said city, and
by the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty of the City of New
York, and the several» departments of the city, in relation to
the streets, avenues, and similar improvements thereof in other

parts of said city.

Further, that all the powers conferred upon the said Com-
missioners respecting Sixth avenue, and other streets in said
city, so far as the same were not inconsistent with the pro-

visions of this act, were thereby made applicable to the said

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portion of the Seventh avenue, and to the said Avenue St.
Nicholas, and the improvement thereof, in like manner as if
the provisions of the Sixth avenue act were incorporated in

this act.

Further, that the Commissioners might do all the work re—
quired to be done by them by day’s work or by contract, or
in such manner as they might deem' expedient. The Commis-
sioners were further authorizedto make an annual estimate for
the maintenance and government of the Central Park of the
sum of fifty thousand dollars in’ addition to the sum previously
authorized for that purpose. The Commissioners were also au—
thorized, whenever they might deem it expedient for the public
interest so to do, for and in behalf of the Mayor, Aldermen,
and Commonalty of the City of New York, to acquire title for
the use of the public to any or all streets and avenues above
Fifty—ninth street in said city, laid out on the map or plan of
the City of New York by the Commissioners appointed in and
by an act entitled “An act relative to improvements touching
the laying out of streets and roads in the City of New York,
and for other purposes,” passed April 3, 1807.

By Chapter 550 of the Laws of 1866, entitled, “An act to
enable the Commissioners of the Central Park to make further
improvements in the City of New York,” it was declared to
be the duty of the Commissioners to cause a survey to, be'
made of all that part of the City and County of New York
bounded northerly by One Hundred and Fifty-fifth street, east-
erly by the westerly line of the Eighth avenue north of Eighty-
se'cond street, and by the westerly line of Ninth avenue south

of Eighty—second street, southerly by the southerly line of

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Seventy-second street east of the Tenth avenue, and by the
southerly line of Sixty-Seventh street west of the Tenth avenue,
and westerly by the Hudson river; and to prepare maps, plans,
and profiles, embracing and showing such changes in the width,
direction, and grades of the streets, avenues, and roads now laid
out within the area above described, and in the pier and bulk—
head lines then established, as, in their opinion, could be made >
with benefit to the property affected and to the public interests,
and, also, the boundaries and grades of such streets, avenues,
roads, and public squares and places as, in their opinion, could
be laid out or discontinued with like benefit; and, to enable
them to perform these duties, all provisions of the act of April
24, 1865, Chapter 565 of the Laws of that year, as were appli—
cable thereto, should apply fully and completely to the powers
and proceedings of the Commissioners under this act. The
Commissioners were directed from time to time to report to the
Legislature the maps, plans, and profiles above specified, with
their proceedings under that act; and, further, no proceedings
should be had or taken by any officer or body for any street
opening or improvement within the area above described, ex-
cept that the work under contracts already made and executed
might be done and completed, and except such proceedings as
the said Commissioners were authorized to take, until the Com—
missioners should have reported, and the Legislature should
have determined the boundaries and grades of such streets, un-
less the Commissioners of the Central Park should concur with
such body or officer in authorizing the opening or improvement

of said street.

The authority of the Commissioners under this act expired

on the 1st day of May, 1868.

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By Chapter 757 of the Laws of 1866, entitled “An act to
amend an act entitled ‘An act authorizing the Mayor, Alder—
men, and Commonalty of the City of New York to widen Broad-
way or Bloomingdale road between Fifty-seventh and Fifty—ninth
streets, in the City of New York,’ paSsed April I 3, 1857,” Broad-
way or Bloomingdale road, at its junction with Fifty-seventh
and Fifty—ninth streets, in the City of New York, was laid out
in a circular form, and there was established therein what is
now known as the Eighth Avenue Circle. A provision was
made for the acquiring of the title to the land necessary for
the purpose, and it was declared that no part of that street,
where so widened, should be used for any other purpose than
that of a public street or public place; nor should any portion
thereof be used as a carriage or hack stand; nor should any
stall, stand, erection, or encumbrances of any kind be permitted
thereon; and that the same and every portion thereof within
the limits described should be kept free and clear for the pas-
sage of the public; and that its use should be under the ex-
clusive control and management of the Commissioners of Cen-
tral Park, who were thereby authorized to make such rules
and regulations respecting its use, not inconsistent with the

provisions of this act, as they might deem proper.

By Chapter 697 of the Laws of 1‘867, entitled “An act to
alter the map or plan of certain portions of the City of New
York, and for the laying out and improvement of” the same,”
the Board'of Commissioners of the Central Park were declared
to haveand possess exclusive power to lay out and establish
streets, avenues, roads, public squares, or places of such width,
extent, and direction as to them should seem most conducive

to the public good; and also to designate and direct what part

81

or parts of any streets, avenues, roads, public squares and
places then laid out should be'abandoned and closed; and also
to widen any street or avenue, or road, then laid out; and
also to alter and amend the then grades of any street, avenue,
or road that might be retained by them, and to establish new
grades for all other streets, avenues, or roads that might be
laid out and established, or retained by them, Within that part
of the City of New York which is bounded as follows: northerly
by the southerly side of One Hundred and Fifty—fifth street,
easterly by the westerly side of the Eighth avenue, southerly
by the southerly side of Fifty—ninth street, and westerly by the
Hudson river; and also within a space three hundred and (fifty-
feet in Width surrounding the Central Park. And also to lay.
out and establish new pier and bulkhead lines and the grades.
thereof, as to the Commissioners should seem proper for the
requirements of commerce in said North or Hudson river, from;
Fifty—fifth street to Spuyten Duyvil creek, and on both sides of
Spuyten Duyvil creek and, the Harlem river to the line of the
Third avenue; but such new pier and bulkhead lines, and the
grades thereof, should not be deemed finally established until
they had been approved by the Legislature.

The Commissioners were required to prepare maps or plans,
showing all they should do under the authority of this act, and
which maps or plans, excepting the pier and bulkhead lines, and
the grades thereof, when made, were declared to be final and
conclusive, with the same intent and effect as if the same had
been laid out and established by the Commissioners appointed
by the Act of April 3, 1807, entitled “An act relative to im-
provements touching the laying out of streets and roads in the

City of New York, and for other purposes;” further, that all

6

82

streets, avenues, roads, public squares and places, and the grades
thereof, or theretofore laid out and established within‘the district
mentioned in the first section of this act, which should not be
shown or retained on the maps to be filed by the Commissioners
as above mentioned, should, from and after the time of the filing
of said maps, cease to be or remain public streets, avenues,
roads, squares, or places. And the abutting owners on such of
said streets, avenues, and roads as had been opened or ceded,
and as should be abandoned or closed under provisions of this
act, should become and' be seized in fee simple absolute therein
to the centre line thereof in front of his or their lands respec-
tively, except where such streets, avenues, or roads should on
said maps be retained or taken for other public use, but subject,
however, to any existing right of the Mayor, Aldermen, and
Commonalty of the City of New York to maintain and keep in
order any sewer, Croton water aqueduct or pipe, or the appur-
tenances thereof, that might have been constructed in any street,
avenue, or road so closed. It was not necessary in making and
filing these maps that they should show the laying out of all at
one time, but the Commissioners were authorized to make maps
of particular sections of the district referred to, and file the same,
and thereupon their powers and duties in respect to that section
ceased and determined; but at the conclusion of their duty they
were required to file a map showing the entire work and ex—
hibiting again thereon the various sections of which maps had
previously been filed. Further it was declared that all such
public squares and places which should be laid out or retained
by said Commissioners as aforesaid should, immediately after
the same were opened, be and remain under the control and
management of the Commissioners of the Central Park as to the

regulating, grading, paving, sewering, and otherwise improving

83‘

and maintaining the same, and all parts of any public street,
avenue, road, or public square and place within a distance of
three hundred and fifty feet from the outer boundaries of the
Central Park, which place, and all others laid out as aforesaid,
should at all times, after the opening of the same, be subject to
such rules and regulations in respect to the uses thereof, and
erections or projections thereon, as the said Board of Commis-
sioners of the Central Park might make therefor; but they were
not permitted to do any work in the matter of regulating, grad-
ing, paving, sewering, or curbing and guttering any of the streets,
avenues, or roads within the district above mentioned, which
any of the departments of government of the City of New York
were then authorized by law to do. The Comptroller of the
City of New York was thereby authorized and directed to de-
posit, to the credit of the Commissioners of Central Park, such
sums of money as said Board should, from time to time, require
for the payment of any work, services, or material furnished
under any contract, proceeding, or otherwise, for laying out, open-
ing, regulating, grading, or otherwise improving any street, ave-
‘nue, road, public square or place, the construction or mainten-
ance of which by law was or should be under the direction,
control, and management of said Board of Commissioners of
Central Park, specifying on what particular work or proceeding
said money was required; and to enable said Comptroller to
raise such money, he was authorized and empowered to borrow,
from time to time, in the name of the Mayor, Aldermen, and
Commonalty of the City of New York, by the issue of bonds
bearing such rate of interest as he might deem proper, not ex-
ceeding seven per cent. per annum, such sum as should be ne-
cessary to pay all expenses incurred, or to be incurred, as afore-

said; and the proceeds of the assessments to be made for each

 

the redemption of such bonds, with the interest thereon, was to
be certified by the Comptroller to the Supervisors, and be by
the Supervisors included in the next annual tax levy, and applied

to the. redemption of such bonds and the interest thereon.

All acts in force relating to the laying out, widening, opening,
grading, regulating, sewering, and otherwise improving streets,
avenues, roads, and public squares and places in the City of New
York, not inconsistent with the provisions of this act, are de-

clared to be applicable thereto as if incorporated therein.

The powers of the Board of Commissioners of Central Park,
under this act, to lay out, establish, and widen the streets, ave—
nues, roads, public squares and places, and bulkhead and pier
lines, and to deSignate and direct what streets, avenues, roads,
public squares, and places shall be abandoned and closed, will

cease on the first day of May, 1872.

By Chapter 288 of the Laws of 1868, entitled “An act, ap-
proving the lines and grades established under authority of
Chapter 697 of Laws of 1867, and amending said Chapter 697,
entitled ‘An act to alter the map or plan of certain portions of
the City of New York, and for the laying out and improving
of the same,’ passed April 24, 1867,” the new pier and bulk—
head lines, and the grades thereof, laid out and established by
the Board of Commissioners of Central Park in the North or
Hudson river, from Fifty-fifth street to [Spuyten Duyvil creek,
and on both sides of Spuyten Duyvil creek and the Harlem

river, from the North or Hudson river to the line of the Third

avenue, as the same are shown on the mapentitled “Map

85

showing the new pier and bulkhead lines laid out and estab- '
lished by the Board of Commissioners of Central Park, pur-
suant to Chapter 697 of the Laws of the State of New York,
passed April 24, 1867,” dated New York, November 19, 1867,
and signed by John J. Serrell, were finally established and ap-
proved by the Legislature, and it was declared to be unlawful
‘ to fill in with heavy stones or other solid material in the waters
. of the port of New York, beyond the new bulkhead lines theref
by established; nor shall it be lawful to erect any structure out-
side of or exterior of the said bulkhead lines, except piers,
which piers shall not exceed seventy feet in width respectively,
with intervening water, spaces of at least one hundred feet; nor
shall it be lawful to extend such pier or piers beyond the new
pier line thereby established. The provisions of section 2, of
Chapter 522 of Laws of 1860 were thereby made applicable to
.all piers, bulkheads, or other structures that may be built under
and by virtue of this law. The Commissioners of Central Park
were further authorized, if they deemed it necessary for the
public interests, to alter and amend any part or parts of the
bulkhead lines in Spuyten Duyvil creek and the Harlem river,
and upon their filing in the office of the Secretary of State a
map or maps showing any alterations. that they may make, the
bulkhead lines so shown on such map shall become and be-
established bulkhead lines, and the provisions of this act shall
be applicable thereto; and further, the Board of Commissioners
of Central Park are authorized and are declared to have exclu-
sive power to regulate, grade, pave, sewer, curb and gutter, and
[otherwise improve, direct, manage, control, and maintain such
parts of all streets, avenues, and roads as bound any public
square or place laid out or retained by the said Commissioners

under the provisions of this act, in that portion of the district

86

therein referred to which lies west of the Eighth avenue, in the
same manner and to the same extent, and with the same power,
as the said Commissioners then had and possessed with respect
to the improvement of the Sixth and Seventh avenues in said
city, north of the Central Park.

By Chapter 853 of the Laws of 1868, denominated “City
Tax Levy,” the Board of Central Park Commissioners were
authorized to estimate a further sum of fifty thousand dollars

per annum, for the maintenance and government of the Cen—
tral Park.

By Chapter 350 of the Laws of i 1869, entitled “An act to
authorize the erection of a soldiers’ and sailors’ monument in
‘ the City of New York, and to authorize the raising of money
therefor,” the Board of Supervisors of the County of New
York were authorized, upon the request of the Commissioners
of the Central Park of the City of New York, to be expressed
in writing, and not otherwise, to make such appropriation, not
exceeding thirty thousand dollars, as the Commissioners may
think proper to defray the expenses of erecting a monument in
said county, to commemorate the services of the soldiers and
sailors of New York County in the war for the preservation of
the Union, the same to be located and erected under the charge
and direction of the Commissioners. This amount was directed
to be levied upon the real and personal property liable ‘to tax“

ation for the purpose authorized.

By Chapter 599 of the Laws of 1869, entitled “An act author—
izing the erection and maintenance of an observatory in the City «

Of. New York,” the Board of Commissioners of Central Park

87

were authorized to erect and establish, conduct and maintain, in
the Central Park, in said city, a meteorological and astronomical
' observatory and museum of natural history, and a gallery of art,
and the buildings therefor, and to provide the necessary instru-
ments, furniture, and equipments for the same. The moneys
necessary for this purpose, and for the necessary instruments, fur-
niture, and equipments, to the extent of a sum the annual interest
of which shall,not exceed fifteen thousand dollars, were author—
ized to be raised, and in addition to so much of the moneys
then authorized for the improvement of the Park as said Board
might elect therefor, to be expended in the same manner as
moneys for the construction of said Park then raised under the
then existing laws; and the moneys necessary for the mainte—
nance of said observatory, museum and gallery, buildings, instru-
ments, and equipments, not to exceed thirty thousand dollars per
annum, should be provided and expended in the same manner
as moneys for the maintenance of the said Park were then raised

and expended under existing laws.

By Chapter 826 of the Laws of 1867, entitled “An act for
.the improvement of certain parts of Westchester County, Har-
lem river, and Spuyten Duyvil creek,” it was made the duty of
the Board of Commissioners of Central Park to cause a proper
survey to be made of all that part of the County of Westches-
ter lying west of the New York, Harlem and Albany Railroad,
and south of the southerly line of the village of Yonkers, and
a line in continuation thereof, and to devise and prepare maps,
plans and profiles embracing and showing such changes in the
location, width, courses, windings, and grades of the streets, ave—
nues, and rOads then laid out within the area above described,

as in their opinion may be made with benefit to the property

88

affected and to the public interest'; and also the location, width,
courses, windings, and grades of such streets, avenues, roads and
public squares and places as, in their opinion, can be laid out
or discontinued with like benefit, including plans for the proper
sewerage and drainage of the land within said area, and for the
supply of pure and wholesome water therefor; and also for the
improvement of Harlem river and Spuyten Duyvil creek, and
the plan and location of all bridges, tunnels, and other means of
transit across or under said river and creek; and they were
authorized to enter upon all the lands, tenements, and heredita- ,
ments referred to, and make surveys in the performance of their
duties under this act, and to report to the Legislature at its
next session the maps, plans, and profiles above specified, so far
as they may be able to complete the same, with such field notes
and explanatory remarks as the nature of the subject may re—
quire, together with a statement of all their proceedings under
this act. .

No proceeding was to be had or taken by any officer or
body for any street opening or other public improvement within
the area above described (except that work under contracts
already made and executed may be done and completed) until
the said. Board of Commissioners shall make the report thereby
required, and the Legislature shall have taken official action upon
the said report, unless the said Board of Commissioners shall
concur with the officer or body in authorizing such opening or
improvement. The authority of the said Board of Commission-
ers under this act expired on the Ist day of January, 1871.
For the payment of all expenses incurred under this act, the
Treasurers of the Counties of New York and Westchester,

respectively, were required to pay over to the prOper Board

89

such sums of money as should be certified by the said Boards,
respectively, as necessary to be raised in the said counties, re—
spectively, to carry out the provisions of the act, and such sums
of money were to be raised and collected by the Supervisors of
the said counties, respectively, in the manner in which other
moneys in said counties are raised and collected, except that in
the County of Westchester it was made the duty of the Super—
visors of the Towns of Yonkers, West Farms and Morrisania to
assess the sums of money specified by the Board of Commis-
sioners of Central Park, upon the pieces and parcels of land in
each of said towns within the area described, ratably, in accord-
ance with the assessed valuation of the said pieces and parcels
of land, and said sums of money were to be included in the as-
‘ sessment rolls of said towns in separate columns. The Commis-
sioners were directed by this law not to interfere with any of
the duties imposed upon certain Commissioners of the Town of
Morrisania appointed to lay out, open, and close streets, roads,
and avenues in that town, except with the consent or in con-

junction with those Commissioners.

By Chapter 689 of the Laws of 1869, entitled “An act to
establish a public place in the City of New York,” that tri—
angular piece of ground bounded westerly by the Ninth avenue,
easterly by the Boulevard, and southerly by Sixty—third street,
is designated as a public place, and directed to be thus laid

down and established.

By Chapter 44 of the Laws of_187o, entitled “An act to
alter the map or plan of the City of New York,” all that
portion of One Hundred and Thirty—sixth street laid down on

the Commissioners’ map of the city, lying between the easterly

90

line of the Boulevard and the centre line of the Bloomingdale
road, as it existed at the time of the enactment of the law
creating the Boulevard, was by this law declared to be a
public street of the same width and dimensions as fixed by
the Commissioners of the Central Park on their map, and they
were directed to proceed and open the same, and acquire
title thereto, on behalf of the city.

By Chapter 593 of the Laws of 1870, entitled “An act in
relation to regulating and grading the Eighth avenue, in the
City of New York,” 'the grade of that avenue, from Fifty-
ninth street to One Hundred and Twenty—second street, was
established, by which the grade before that time existing was
very materially altered, so as to require the almost entire
remodelling of the westerly'side of Central Park, the grade at
some places being from sixteen to twenty feet beyond that
now existing, and the westerly side of the Park must neces-

sarily be adapted thereto.

By Chapter 626 of the Laws of 1870, entitled “An act to
alter the map or plan of a portion of the City of New York, and
i for the improvement of the same,” the Department of Public Parks
was declared to have full and exclusive power to lay out
and establish, of such width, extent, and direction as to them
shall seem conducive to the public good, a broad street or
avenue to be designated the “Eastern Boulevard,” or such
other name as shall be determined, together with such other
streets or avenues as shall be deemed proper to connect such.
Boulevard with Central Park and the East river or otherwise,
and also to widen, or otherwise alter, retain, or discontinue

any avenues or streets now laid out or designated on the map

91

or plan of the City of New York, and also to lay out and
establish public squares or, places along the line and contigu-
ous to said Boulevard or otherwise; and also to alter, amend,
and establish the grades of such new streets or avenues, and
to alter or amend the present grades of any street, avenue,
or road that may be retained by them within that portion of
the City which is bounded southerly by the southerly side of
Fifty—seventh street, and westerly by the westerly side of Fifth
avenue, from Fifty—seventh street to One Hundred and Tenth
street, and by the easterly side of Sixth avenue, from One
Hundred and Tenth street to the Harlem river, northerly by

the Harlem river, and easterly by the Harlem and East rivers.

The Department was directed to enter upon the property
within the space indicated, and prepare maps and plans of
what they shall do under this act, and to filethe same as
therein provided. The alterations that they shall make within
the boundaries aforesaid, authorized by the act, shall have the:
same effect as if the same had been established and laid out
by the Commissioners under the act of 1807, and all streets,
avenues, roads, public squares and places, and the grades there-
tofore laid out and established within the district mentioned,
which shall not be retained or shown on the map to be filed
with the Department, shall; from and after the time of the
filing of the map, cease to be and remain public streets, ave-
nues, roads, squares and places, and the abutting owners on
such streets, avenues and roads as have been opened or ceded,
and as shall be abandoned or closed under the provisions of
this act, shall become and be seized in fee simple absolute
therein, to the centre line thereof in front of his or their lands.

respectively, except where such streets, avenues, or roads shall

92

on said maps be retained or. taken for other public use, but
subject, however, to any existing right of the Mayor, Alder-
men and Commonalty of the City of-New York to maintain
and keep in order any sewer, Croton water acqueduct or pipe,
or the appurtenances thereof, that may have been constructed

in any street, avenue or road so closed.

The Department was authorized to file maps of particular
sections within the boundaries mentioned from time to time,
and at the close of their work to make a map showing such
changes. Provision was made in this act against any inter-
ference with the powers and duties of the Department of Public
Works in relation to the regulating, grading, sewering, curbing,
guttering, or flagging of such roads, streets, and avenues, except
as to said Eastern Boulevard and the public squares and places
laid out or retained under this act; and the powers therein
conferred upon the Department of Public Parks are to be
deemed to extend only to such Eastern Boulevard and public

squares and places.

By Chapter 697 of the Laws of 1870, entitled “An act to
provide .a plan for the improvement of portions of the Counties
of VVestchester and New York, and to provide facilities for
communication between the said counties,” the Department of
Public Parks was declared to have and shall exercise all the
powers and duties conferred upon the Commissioners of Central
Park in and by Chapter 826 of the Laws of 1869, above referred
to, in respect to the improvement of the County of VVestchester,‘
Harlem river, and Spuyten Duyvil creek, and this Department
was substituted for those Commissioners. It was also directed

to prepare maps, plans, and profiles of the district. or portion

93

of Westchester County referred to in that act, within one year
from the passage thereof, with field notes and explanations, as
may be deemed expedient, and providing that from the filing
thereof the same shall be final and conclusive as to all streets,
avenues, public squares, and places laid out thereon, and all
roads retained on those maps shall be retained and established;
and all roads discontinued and closed shall thereupon and thence-
forth be discontinued and closed accordingly. The Department
was also directed to locate and establish tunnels, bridges, and
other means of transit across or under Harlem river and Spuyten
Duyvil creek, and lay the same down upon the map, and there-
upon and thenceforth they shall be established and located

accordingly.

Provision was made for obtaining means to build or con-
struct these improvements by the issuing of bonds of the
Counties of New York and Westchester, and for levying by tax
upon the several towns whereithe improvements were authorized
to be made the amount of the expense of the necessary sur—

veys in order to complete the improvements therein authorized.

By Chapter 290 of the Laws of 1871, entitled “An act in
relation to the powers and duties of the Board of Commissioners.
Of the Department of Public Parks, including provision for the
several public parks, squares, and places, and other works under
the jurisdiction and direction of said Department in the City
of New York,” the Comptroller of the City of New York, in
the name and on behalf of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty
thereof, ,is authorized and directed to create and issue, at such
times and in such amounts and in such manner as shall be

deemed expedient and necessary for the improvement and re-

94

igulation of the parks, including Central Park, City Hall Park,
Morningside Park, Madison Square, Reservoir Square, Washington
Square, Tompkins Square, the Battery, and. the several parks
and places which by law now are or hereafter may be under
the control and management of the Department of Public Parks;
and also for the construction of a meteorological and astronomical
[observatory in the Central Park; and to carry out the object
of the act, a public fund or stock, to be denominated “The
City Parks Improvement Fund,” to an amount not exceeding
a sum of which the annual interest (at the rate of interest at
which the stock or fund shall be issued) will be two hundred

thousand dollars.

The stock is redeemable in thirty years from the issuing
thereof, and all the parks, squares, and places in New York City
now created or hereafter to be created, are thereby specifically
pledged for the redemption of the same and every part thereof.
The Department is also therein authorized to construct, erect,
and maintain in and upon that portion of Central Park formerly
known as Manhattan square, or any other public parks, squares,
or places in the city, suitable fire-proof buildings for the purpose
of establishing and maintaining therein, under suitable rules and
regulations to be prescribed by the Board of Commissioners
from time to time, a museum‘and gallery of art by the Metro—
politan Museum of Art, or other institutions of like character.
The Department was also authorized to erect a suitable fire-
proof building for the purpose of establishing and maintaining
therein a Museum of Natural History by the American Museum
of Natural History, or other institutions of like character. The
aggregate cost of these buildings it was provided Shall not

exceed a sum of which the annual interest thereon will be

95

seventy thousand dollars. The stock to be issued for this purpose
is denominated “The Museum of Art and Natural History
Stock.”

The Comptroller is also directed to issue such additional
bOnds, of a public fund or stock to be denominated “City
Improvement Stock,” as may be necessary to provide the funds
to enable such Comptroller to pay any and all assessments and _
expenses imposed or that may be imposed upon the Mayor,
Aldermen, and Commonalty of the City of New York, by reason
of laying out, regulating, and grading or improving any and
all streets, roads, avenues, and public parks, squares, and places
that are now, or that hereafter may be, under the jurisdiction
of the Department of Public Parks, and out of such fund or
stock to pay such assessments and. expenses. The interest on

the stock is directed to be levied by the Supervisors annually.

The Board of. Commissioners was also authorized to organize,
and by and through its President to appoint, a'force to be
known as the keepers of Central Park and the several public
squares, parks, and plaCes in the City of New York, to consist
of such number of men as the Board from time to time may
deem necessary, to preserve order in these parks, which force
shall be under the exclusive control and direction of the Board,
and may be discharged at pleasure; each member of the force
in Virtue of his appointment to be invested with the same
powers within the limits of the parks, squares, and places, and
that portion of the streets and avenues of the City of New
York bounding and adjoining the same or lying adjacent thereto,
as if invested with a similar rank in the Police Department of

the City of New York. Each member is also required to take

 

96

an' oath as prescribed by said Board, and to be allowed com-
pensation. Under special circumstances the President is authorized
to appoint an additional force for the preservation of order, and
i such temporary force is to have all the powers of the park- .
keepers. The Board is declared to have full and exclusive
power to govern, manage, and direct the said several public
parks, squares, and places, to pass ordinances. for the regulation
and government thereof, and generally in regard thereto possess
all the power and authority heretofore possessed by the Mayor,
Aldermen, and Commonalty of the City of New York, in respect.
to the public parks, squares, and places in the city; and all
persons offending against the ordinances thus established, shall.
be deemed guilty of misdemeanoruand punished accordingly, as

therein provided.

' The Board of Commissioners is also vested with exclusive power
and control over all that portion of Battery place lying, south of the
line of the south side of Pier No. I, North river, and east of the
easterly line of West street, extended in a southerly direction;
and also of the waters of the North river, in front of that
portion of the Battery at Battery place and to the extent of two
hundred feet westerly therefrom. It is also authorized to erect,
construct, and maintain on that part of Battery place and over
and on the lands or water aforesaid, a proper improvement, con-
sisting of suitable buildings, docks, piers, or places for the accom—
modation of small boats engaged in the business of attending,
on the shipping lying in the river or bay of New York; also
to make, prescribe, and enforce, from time to time, such rules
and regulations for the use and enjoyment of the same as the
Commissioners shall deem most meet and proper for the public

interest. The necessary expense of constructing and maintaining

€‘~‘,

97_

such improvements is to be deemed and taken as part of the
expense of improving and maintaining the Battery; and the
moneys therefor are to be raised and expended in like manner
as other moneys for the improvement of the Battery might be.
The Commissioners are also authorized to prescribe and enforce
rules and ordinances for the control and government of small,
boats using the water—basin at the south end of the Battery, now

being completed by the said Commissioners.

In this Act it is also declared that the public square or
place commonly known as Fort Washington Park, located on
the Hudson river, and extending to Kingsbridge road, shown
upon the map of the Commissioners of Central Park, and
laid down thereon as a public square ‘or place, be discontinued,
and the Commissioners of the Department of Public Parks
are directed to not show the same upon the maps of that
portion of the city hereafter to be filed upon the completion
of the whole work to be done within that section or area.
It was also in this Act declared that hereafter, in any open-
ing or improvement of any public square, place, or street, or
avenue in the City of New York, it shall not be lawful to
lay or impose any assessment whatever on any public square
or place, street, road, or avenue; that all assessments which may
properly be payable by the Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty,
are directed to be assessed against them in a gross sum in each
and every proceeding; further, it was declared that the street or
avenue laid out by the Commissioners of the Central Park lying
_ intermediate the Avenue St. Nicholas and the Tenth avenue,
extending from the north side of One Hundred and Thirty-sixth
street to the southerly side of One Hundred and Thirty-seventh

street, be discontinued, and in lieu thereof, the Department has -

7

98

power to lay out and establish a new street or avenue, and the
grades therefor, intermediate the said Avenue St. Nicholas and
the Tenth avenue; and the said new avenue, When] thus laid out
and shown upon the maps to be filed hereafter, shall be con—

sidered as one of the streets of the city.

By the concluding section of this Act, the Board of Commisé
sioners of the Department of Public Parks are declared to have
and possess exclusive power to acquire title in the name and on
behalf of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty of the City of
New York, in and to all public streets, avenues, roads, public
squares and places laid out or to be'laid out, in all that part of
the City of New York lying northerly of Fifty—ninth street, and
in and about all proceedings therein now or hereafter to be
commenced, and all proceedings subsequent thereto, as to which
the Board shall have and pOSsess all the powers and perform all
the duties now by law conferred upon or authorized to be per—
formed by the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty of the City of
New York.

By Chapter 534 of the Laws ofV187I, entitled “An act rela-
tive to the improvement of certain portions of the Counties of
'Westchester and New York, including provisions for communi—
cation between the said counties, and for improving'the navigation
of Harlem river and Spuyten Duyvil creek,” it was declared
to be the duty of the Department of Public Parks to cause a
proper Survey to be made of all that part of the County of
‘Westchester lying south of the southerly line of the village
of Yonkers and a line in continuation thereof easterly to Hut—
chinson river or creek, including that part of the said county

lying south of said line west of said river; and to devise and

99

prepare maps, plans, and profiles, showing such changes in the
location, width, courses, windings, and grades of the streets,
avenues, and grades now laid out within the area designated, as
in the Yopinion of the Commissioners can be made with benefit
to the property affected and to the public interest; and also the
location, width, courses, windings, and grades of such streets,
avenues, roads, and public squares and places, as in their opin—
ion can be laid out or discontinued with the like benefit, including
plans for the proper sewerage of the land within the area for the
supply and. distribution of pure and wholesome water therefor,
and also for the improvement of the navigation of the Harlem
river and Spuyten Duyvil creek, and the plan and location of
all bridges or other means of transit across or under said creek,
and the plans and locations, so, far as the Board may deem prac-
ticable, of all railroads and similar modes of transport, to be
operated by steam or other power, and which may hereafter
be authorized by law to be constructed; and» the plans and loca-
tion of the new pier and bulkhead lines, and portions thereof
on both sides of the Harlem river, from the line of the Third
avenue, in the City of New York, to the East river or Long
Island Sound; also the plan and location of pier and bulkhead
'lines and the grades thereof, in and along all other tide—waters
bounding and adjacent to said area. Maps are to be filed with
field notes and any explanations that may be deemed expedient.
Upon the filing thereof they are declared to be final and con—
clusive, and all such streets, avenues, roads, public squares and
places, and such locations, widths, courses, windings and grades,
together with such plans for sewerage and drainage, and the
plans for the supply and distribution of pure and wholesome
water (except as to which the Legislature by a subsequent part

of the Act were required to confirm before becoming final), and

100

plans, maps, grades, and locati‘onsof railroads, and similar modes
of communication and transpOrtation, and the plans and locations
of the pier and bulkhead lines, and the grades thereof, thereon
shown, laid out, retained, or established, ,shall thereupon and
thenceforth be retained and established accordingly, and all streets,
avenues, roads, and public squares and places thereon discontinued
and closed, shall thereupon and thenceforth be discontinued and
closed accordingly, and the bridges, tunnels, and other means of
transit across or under Harlem river and Spuyten Duyvil creek,
as therein planned, located, and shown, shall thereupon and'
thenceforth be planned and located accordingly. And no pro-
ceeding shall be had or taken by any officer or body for any
street opening, or any public improvement within the area de-
scribed, or within the tide—waters adjacent thereto (except that
work under contract, already made may be done and completed),
until the Board of Commissioners of this Department shall have
so filed such maps; provided, however, that this Act shall not
be construed as interfering with any improvements which have
been authorized by acts of the Legislature in tfie district afore-
said. Upon the filing of such map, the officers and bodies
authorized to make other improvements of like character in the
towns Within the area shown thereon, shall have power to open,i
extend, widen, regulate, grade, drain, and sewer all such streets,
roads, avenues, and public squares and places as shall be as afore—.

said retained or established.

The Department was authorized to file maps showing the
improvements proposed to be made in certain sections of the dis-
trict referred to, but upon the completion of the work it is
required to make and file a map showing the whole of the im-

'provements contemplated and authorized. The expenses to be

IOI

incurred under this Act are required to be paid by the Treasurers
and Comptrollers of the Counties of New‘ York and Westchester
respectively, moneys therefor to be provided by the Supervisors
of those counties respectively, except that the several towns in
VVestchester County are to bear the particular portion of such
expense incurred in making the necessary investigations for the
improvements of those towns respectively, and no greater sum
than ten thousand dollars shall be collected for the purpose from

either of those towns in any one year.‘

It was further provided that the Board of Commissioners of
the Department of Public Parks, on behalf of the City of New
York, and the Chairman of the Board of Supervisors of VVest-
Chester County, and the Supervisors of the towns which include
the VVestchester County end of such tunnel, or any such means
of transport, or the majority of them, on behalf of the County
of VVestchester, shall have full power and authority to build and
construct, by contract or otherwise, as they shall deem most

' expedient, any and all bridges, tunnels, and other means of

transportation across or under the Harlem river or Spuyten '

Duyvil creek, which shall be planned or located as aforesaid;
and they are authorized to forthwith commence the building or
construction of a suspension bridge north of the bridge known
as “The High Bridge,” and not more than one half mile there-
from; also, that a bridge or tunnel may be planned or located
near or at the northerly end of Seventh avenue, in this city;
and next thereafter that a bridge or tunnel may be planned or
located near the northerly end of Fifth avenue, in this city; pro-
,vided, however, that not more than two such bridges, or one bridge
and one tunnel or other means of transit, shall be in course

or process of being built or constructed at the same time. The

102

same officers are authorized to build or construct, by contract
or otherwise, any and all improvements of the navigation of the
Harlem river and Spuyten Duyvil creek, which may be planned
or located as before provided; and the Department was directed
to maintain and keep in order and repair all bridges now exist-
ing across the Harlem river so far as the Board shall con-
sider it advisable, the expense of such building, and construction,
maintenance, and repairing of all such bridges, tunnels, and other
means of transit, such improvements of Harlem river and
Spuyten Duyvil creek to be borne by the Counties of NCW'
York and Westchester in proportion to the jurisdiction of each,
and the line of such jurisdiction shall be established and defined
by the Board of Commissioners of this Department; provided,
however, that such portions of the improvement of the naviga-
tion in said river and creek, and the works appertaining to the
same within the County of Westchester, as the officials above
referred to shall determine may be advantageously built and
constructed without interfering with or impeding in any manner
the other portions of the improvement of the navigation of said
river and creek, and works appertaining to the same within and
adjacent to the County of New York, may be built and con—
structed solely by the officers and bodies authorized by law to
make other improvements of a like kind in the towns of the
County of Westchester, 'adjacent to .that in which such works
may be situated. The Treasurer or Comptroller of each of said

counties shall issue and deliver to the person authorized by this I
Department, and the other officials referred to, to receive the
same, bonds of their counties, respectively, for such sum as may
be necessary to be raised for and on account of such bridges,
tunnels, or other means of transportation and improvement above

referred to. The Department is directed to make a report of

103

the survey and plans authorized and directed by this Act to be
made within the area specified, for the supply and distribution
of pure and wholesome water, to the Legislature at its next
session after the completion of the same, together with field
notes, explanatory remarks, and such recommendations as the
nature of the subject may require, as to which works the plans
relating thereto, exterior to the area therein described, shall
not be finally conclusive nor established until the Legislature
shall have approved the same. During the progress of all the
works so authorized, the Commissioners are also directed to
make annual reports to the Legislature of their proceedings

under this Act.

The powers and duties prescribed by this Act are declared
not to apply to the streets, roads and avenues laid out in the
town of Morrisania by the Commissioners appointed for that
purpose, except such portions and grades thereof as are located
and situated along and adjacent to the Harlem river, and as
the Commissioners of this Department may deem necessary for
the public interest to modify, change or discontinue for the
purpose of facilitating plans, locations, proper connections and
approaches, and the construction of bridges, tunnels, and other
means of transit across or under the said river and creek. The
Board of Commissioners of the Department of Parks is declared
to have full and exclusive power to lay out, regulate, govern,
manage, and direct all the works, buildings, and constructions
authorized to be built and constructed by this Act, and to pass
ordinances for the regulation, control, and government thereof,
and of the various works and constructions of the kind, nature,
and character therein referred to, within the area described, and

upon or adjacent to the Harlem river or Spuyten Duyvil

104

creek, and imposing and enforcing proper penalties and fines
for the violation of such ordinances, and defining methods for
the enforcement and collection thereof, and punishing any person
or corporation violating or offending against the same. Except as
therein provided, no public or other works shall be constructed
'or carried on within the limits of the area aforesaid, or within the
County of New York, that shall interfere with the exercise of
the powers and duties conferred by this Act, without the con—
sent of the Commissioners, until their said powers and duties
shall have been discharged. Further, it was declared that in
reference to any street, avenue, or road now laid out or estabg
lished, or which may be hereafter laid out or established under
the provisions of this Act,‘which shall cross the line, road or
track of any railroad now or hereafter to be constructed, or now
authorized by law to be constructed, the railroad company own—
ing the same shall change or modify the grade of their railroad,
as may be directed by the Commissioners of this Department,
and in such manner that itshall pass above or under the grade
'of such street, avenue, or road, and at such distance from the
same as will permit of engines or cars moving upon said rail—
road to pass securely above or under said street, avenue or
‘road, and as not to interfere with, impair, or endanger at any
time the free and lawful use thereof. Further, that whenever
any railroad shall be so adapted or constructed as to pass
above any such street, avenue or road, it may construct and
maintain, under the direction of the Commissioners of this De—
partment, a safe and convenient bridge for such road, and such
bridge shall be so constructed as to screen all engines and cars
when passing over it from View from the street, avenue or road,
and the railroad company is authorized to make and maintain

such changes in the grades of their road adjacent to the cross-

/ ‘ 105

ings of Streets, avenues and roads as aforesaid, as may be
necessary for the convenient use of the road, and as the Board
of Commissioners may authorize and direct. 'ProvisiOn was also
made for acquiring title to lands’in VVestchester County, and
also for lands within the County of New York, for the [purpose
of the improvements authorized by this Act. Finally, the Board
of Commissioners of this Department. were authorized to ordain
and establish such ”rules, ordinances, and regulations respecting
the fencing and covering of any part of the tracks of any railway
in the County of WeStchester for any distance which said Board
shall consider expedient or proper on each side of the central
bridge crossing Harlem river in the County of Westchester, and
also at such other point or place, or points or places, in any
road or avenue hereafter to be established in such County of
Westchester, crossed by any railway by its rail—tracks, as shall
be considered by said Board expedient for the protection and
safety of travel on such road or avenue, such ordinances, rules
and regulations prescribing, declaring and ordaining penalties
for any Violation thereof, and for not conforming thereto or
therewith, shall be enforced by all courts against any person
or railway company or corporation offending or violating the
same, or for not acting in conformity therewith; actions for
the enforcement or violation of such rules or ordinances to be
brought in the name of the people of the State of New
York, by and under the direction of this Department. All
moneys received from the same over and above the costs and
expenses thereof are by the Act directed to be received by
the Department and paid over by it for the benefit of the poor
of the town wherein the violation; or offence sued for may

have occurred.

106

From this statement of the various acts of legislation relating
to this Department and to the late Board of Central Park Com-
missioners, which by law are made applicable to the Department,
it will be seen that the powers, duties, and jurisdiction of the
Department of Public Parks in the City of New York are
' varied, extensive, and exceedingly important, not only to the
interests of the people as property owners, but to the welfare
of all classes who now or may hereafter reside within the
district committed to the care of the, Commissioners having
the control of the Department. Not only do their powers,
duties, and jurisdiction extend over all the city parks and
public squares, over the streets, boulevards and avenues above
Fifty—ninth street, upon the Island of New York; to the im—
provement of the Harlem river and Spuyten Duyvil creek;
and to the laying out of the wharves on each side thereof;
but alsovto a large portion of the County, of Westchester, which
in all‘ probability will at a future day form and become part
of the Corporation of the City of New York.

 

I~Zockw:»o¢‘: P210!"

Shakspearea

By. J. Q. A. WARD.

 

 

Alvmm‘iw

 

REPORT' OF THE COMPTROLLER.

 

Hon. PETER B. SWEENY,

Presz'drm‘ 0f the Depaflmem‘ 0f Puélz'c Par/es .'

The Comptroller having charge of the Bureau of Accounts

submits the following report of the transactions therein from the
organization of the Department on the 20th day of April to the

3ISt day of December, 1870, inclusive:

OPERATIONS AND CONDITION OF THE BUREAU OF ACCOUNTS.

The cash balance transferred from the Board of Commissioners of the Central
Park to the credit of the Department of Public Parks, April 20, 1870, was .......

The total receipts from April 20 to December 31, 1870, were .........

Total disbursements from April 2-0 to December 31, 1870 ..........

Cash balance, December 31, 1870 ..............

...........

...........

...........

SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS.

CENTRAL PARK, CONSTRUCTION ACCOUNT.

The total receipts from April 20 to December 31, 1870, are as follows :

i From issue of stock by the City of New York ....................
interest on deposits to October I ............................

...........

..........

$7,313 83
2,291,815 07

 

 

$2,299,128 90
2,217,100 72

$82,028 18

$516,600 00
1,173 60

 

$517,773 60

 

To balance April 20, 1870 ..................................... 3549,61 I 12
The expenditures on this account from April 20 to December
31, 1870, are as follows :
Salaries of officers, clerks, engineers, architects, .
draughtsmen, etc ............................ $15,647 45
Labor—amount paid laborers, mechanics, cartmen,
teams, etc .................................. 184,936 61
Contract work on buildings, wall masonry, paving, '
etc. ........................................ 95,084 42
Carried forward .............. $295,668 48 $49,611 12 $517,773 60

IIO

 

 

 

Brought forward ................. $295,668 48 $49,611 12 $517,773 60
Materials of construction and tools ................. 113,473 38
Trees and plants ................................. 2,124 86
Stationery, printing and drawing materials .......... 1,782 22
Incidental expenses .............................. 3,592 50

416,641 44
—— 466,252 56
Balance, December 31, 1870 ............................. $51,521 04

The total receipts on this account from May 1, 1857, to December 31, 1870, are as follows :

 

From issue of stock by the City of New York ............................... $6, 327,297 48
sale of buildings on the park .......................................... 6,155 87
payment of lost tools ................................................ 451 23
rent of buildings ................................................... I53 33
(exhibition of plans ................................................. 29485
salesofgrasstoDecember31,1864 ....... ‘ 2,21325
sales of wool to December 31, I865 .................................. 222 40 '
interest on deposits ................................................. 29,935 26
pound receipts to December 31, 1864 .................................. 1,199 87 '
license for the sale of refreshments, hire of skates, etc ............. a ...... 7,175 61
saleofold materials....................................: ........... 2,467 18
sale of time-books ............. , ................ ' .................... 7 75
payment of labor and materials furnished by Park ...................... 4,655 94
premium on exchange gold for silver .................................. 23 52

 

. $6,382,253 54

The expenditures to December 31, 1870, are as follows :

 

From May I, 1857, to January I, 1858 ........... I. .3 ........ $77,881 41
January I, 1858, to January 1, 1859 ..................... 507,487 86
JanuaryI, 1859, to January 1, 1860 ........ J ............. 1,179,246 47
January I, 1860, to January 1, I861 ..................... 878,354 95

‘ January I, 1861, to January I, 1862 ..................... 479,163 66
January I, 1862, to January 1, 1863 ..................... 461,540 32
January I, 1863, to January I, 1864 ..................... 331,871 60
January 1, 1864, to January I, 1865 ..................... 452,590 23

' January I, 1865, to January I, 1866 ..................... 366,915 38
January I, 1866, to January 1, 1867 ..................... 250,983 17
January I, 1867, to January I, 1868 ..................... 199,264 06
January I, 1868, to January I, 1869 ..................... 249,822 12
January 1, 1869, to January 1, 1870 .................... 340,265 91
January I, 1870, to January 1, 1871 ..................... 555,345 36

Balance December 31, I870 .....................................

 

 

6,330,732 '50

 

$51,521 o4

III

CENTRAL PARK, MAINTENANCE ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR 1869.

................................................

..................

$27 357 08
27 357 08

CENTRAL PARK, MAINTENANCE ACCOUNT FOR THE {(EAR 1870.

To balance April 20,1870

The expenditures on account of maintenance, from April 20 to December 31

1870, thus far, are as follows.

.................................................

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LABOR. MATERIALS. TOTAL.

Roads—Cleaning ............... $28, 570 53 $73 70 $28,644 23
Roads—Repairing .............. 9,030 07 26,540 36 35,570 43
Bridle roads—Cleaning .......... 1,419 84 ............ 1,419 84
Bridle roads—Repairing .......... 74 55 24 15 98 7o
Walks—Cleaning ................ 10,732 95 ............ 10,732 95
Walks—Repairing .............. 5,804 84 10,106 78 15,911 62
Plantations ..................... 17,150 78 2,347 08 19,497 86
Turf ........................... 15,244 84 597 50 15,842 34
Water ......................... 362 57 ............ 362 57
Ice ............................ 5,061 60 740 97 5,802 57
Irrigation ...................... 10,236 86 633 11 10,869 97
Transverse roads ................ 672 98 ............ 672 98
Masonry ............ - .......... 3,399 19 592 33 3,991 52
Tools .......................... 3,307 80 ,511 28 4,819 08
Surface drainage ................ 2, 304 02 ............ 2,304 02
B.1ildings ...................... 11,549 84 ,557 55 13,107 39
Manure ......................... 277 00 ............ 277 00
Park and gate—keepers’ wages, uni—

forms, etc .................... 56,070 33 684 62 56,754 95
Special park- keepers’ wages ...... 4,95 5 97 ............ 4,955 97
Music .......................... 4,590 00 ............ 4,590 00
Statlonery,pr1nt1ng, advert1s1ng,etc 10,806 06 ............ 10,806 06
Seats, signs, etc ................. 481 73 263 87 745 60
Miscellaneous ................... 11,458 12 1,518 83 12,976 95
Proportion of salaries ....... I ..... 10,000 00 ............ 10,000 00

 

 

 

Received from the City of New York for maintenance of the Park
from April 20 to December 31, 1870 .............. $240,000 00
from sale of trees and plants to city parks .............

from sale of grass. . .

...............................

from sale of old materials ...........................
from license to sell refreshments ......................
from license to hire boats for the year 1869 ............

from pound receipts .

...............................

from rent of house on Central Park . .' ................

for removing broken

By balance December 31, 1870

vehicles ........................

................................

13,353 75
1,833 50
641 16
4,514 52
1,000 00
164 30
150 00
I41 00
8,982 16

$25 79

7

270,754 60

$270,780 39

 

 

$270,780 39

112

BOULEVARD, FROM THE CIRCLE AT FIFTY—NINTH STREET TO ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY—
FIFTH STREET.

(C/zapter 565 of tile Laws of 1865.)
Received from the City of New York for regulating and grading the “ Boulevard,”

from April 20 to Deceinber 31, 187:) .................................. I. . $525,000 00
Received from sale of stone .............................................. 28 00
Received in payment for shovel lost ........................................ I 25

$525,029 25
To balance April 20, 1870 .................................... $5,467 02

The expenditures on this account from April 20 to December 31,
1870, are as follows :

Labor account—amount paid laborers, rockmen, carts, teams, etc. 353,060 89

 

 

Materials of construction and tools ............................. 60,002 30
Stone—breaker gangs ......................................... 59,356 50
Surveys, estimates, etc ........................................ 3,237 22
Stationery, printing, and books of account. . . ._ .................. 2,406 17
Incidental expenses .......................................... 3,424 00
Proportion of salaries ........ ~. ............................... 10,000 00

496,954 10

Balance December 31, I870 ..................................... $28,075 I 5

W

SEVENTH AVENUE, FROM CENTRAL PARK TO HARLEM RIVER.

(C/zapi‘er 275 of Me Laws of 1864.)

Balance April 20, 1870 ................................................... . $22,021 50
Received from the City of New York for regulating and grading the Seventh

avenue, from April 20 to December 31, 1870. . . i .. ....................... 100,000 00
By balance, December 31, 1870 ........................................... 5,211 05

 

 

$127,232 55

m
The following have been the expenditures on this account from

April 20 to December 31, 1870 :

J. H. Sullivan & Co., contractors, regulating and grading. .. ........ $95,817 00
Thomas Crimmins, contractor, regulating and grading ............. 16,236 00
Surveys, estimates, etc ......................................... 1,389 16
Tools and materials ............................................ 6,165 88
Stationery, printing, etc ....................................... I,924 5I
Incidental expenses ............................................ 700 00
PropOrtion of salaries ....................................... .. 5,000 00

$127,232 55

 

 

113

SIXTH AVENUE, FROM CENTRAL PARK TO HARLEM RIVER.

rcaapm 564‘of a; Law: of 1865.)
Balance April 20, 1870 .........................................

avenue, from April 20 to December 31, I870 ..................

The expenditures on this account from April 20 to December 31,

1870, are as follows :

Regulating and grading—-

J. H. Sullivan, contractor, regulating and grading ..............
Labor accountflamount paid laborers, carts, teams, etc .........
Tools and materials ...... ,. . .' ...............................
Surveys and engineering ....................................
Stationery, printing, etc ....................................

.......... $633 08

Received from the City of New York for regulating and grading the Sixth

.......... 325,030 00

$325,633 08

$39,685 85
9,384 I5
11,762 70

409 34
772 21

$62,014 26

Superstructure—
J. H. Sullivan, contractor ....................... $141,615 00
Labor account—— amount paid laborers, etc ........ 15,633 61
Materials of construction and tools ............... 24,522 42
Surveys and engineering ........................ 936 47
Stationery and printing ......................... 152 30
Incidental expenses ...... ~ ...................... 103 19

Balance December 31, 1870 ............................

182,962 99
244,977 25

......... $80,655 83

M

AVENUE ST. NICHOLAS, FROM CENTRAL PARK TO ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH STREET.

(Cfiapz‘er 367 of Me Laws of 1866.)

Balance retransferred from maintenance, 1869 ......................
Received from the City of New York for regulating and grading Avenue St.
Nicholas, from April 20 to December 31, 1870 ..................
By balance December 31, 1870 ...................................

To balance April 20, 1870 ......................................

The expenditures on this account from April 20 to December 31,

1870, are as follows :

Regulating and grading—

]. P. Cumming, J12, regulating and grading ...................
Labor—amount paid laborers, carts, teams, etc ................

......... $22,767 83
......... 50,ooo oo
. ......... 6,399 31
$79,167 I4
$2.378 I6
20,322 00
7,982 03

 

Carried forward .............................. $30,682 19 $79,167 14

 

114.

Brought forward......... . $3Q~58219 $79,167 I4
[Materials of construction and tools. . . .1 .......... .. . ,_ . . V ....... 3,300 00
Surveys and engineering .................................... 1,562 84
Stationery, printing, etc, . . ................................ 1.924 51
Proportion of salaries ....................................... 3,000 00
$40469 54
Superstructure —
Labor—- amount paid laborers, carts, teams, etc ...... $30. 368 99
Materials of construction and tools .................. 8,328 61
38,697 60
$79, I67 14

MUSEUM AND OBSERVATORY, CONSTRUCTION OF.

fC/zapz‘er 595 of 2716 Law: of 1869.)

The expenditures on this account from April 20 to December 31, 1870, are as follows :

Buildings for Zoological collection ......................................... $23,330 53
Paleozoic Museum ....................................................... 15,884 25
Restoring extinct animals ................................................. 2,696 54
Museum building ........................................................ 5,090 00
. ________

To balance December 31, 1870 .................................. $47,001 32

MUSEUM AND OBSERVATORY, MAINTENANCE OE.

{Clzaptzr 595 of Me Laws of 1869,)

Received from the City of New York for maintenance of a Meteorological and

Astronomical Observatory, Museum of Natural History, and Gallery of Art

for the year ending December 31, 1870 ................................. $30,000 00
Received from sale of sheep ........................ ‘. ...................... 1,035 33

 

 

$31,035 33
To balance April 20, 1870 ....................................... $888 46

The expenditures on this account from April 20 to December 31,
1870, are as follows :

Museum ............................................ $2,140 44
Gallery of Art ....................................... 377 40
Meteorological Department ............................ 3,238 25
Care and keep of animals ............................. 14,357 81
Care of sheep ....................................... 825 17
Stationery and printing ............................... 73 84
21,012 91
21,901 ‘37
Balance December 31, 1870 ..................................... ' $9,133 96

O
I
I I I)
MOUNT MORRIS SQUARE.
To balance April 20,1870 ........................................... $1,356 50

The expenditures on this account from April 20 to December 31,
1870, are as follows:

Labor account— amount paid laborers, gardeners, carts, etc ......... $31,321 42
Park- keepers’ wages .......................................... 888 00
Surveys, engineering, etc.... . . . . . . ' ........................... 1,817 33
Materials and tools. . ..................................... . . . 659 18
Trees and plants .............................................. 3,798 00

—----~ 38,483 93

 

 

‘ $39,840 43
Received from the City of New York for deficiency to April 20, 1870. $1, 3 56 50
Received from the City of New York for improvement of Mount Morris

 

square to December 31, 1870. .' .............................. 15,000 00
Received from Sale of Building ................................. 100 00
Received from transfer of Public Parks and Places Fund ............ 23,383 93
—— 39,840 43
CITY PARKS AND PLACES.
Received from the City of New York for improvement and maintenance of Public
Parks and Places, for the year ending December 31, 1870. . .'. ............. $395,000 00
Received from the City of New York balance of appropriation for pavement
around Union square ................................ . ................ 2,341 72
Received from sale of old materials, City Hall park .......................... 1,51 1 07
from sale of stone Sixth avenue parks .............................. 1,017 90
from sale of flagging, Tompkins square ........... . ................ 367 63
from sale of flagging, Washington square ........................... 270 99
from sale of old gate and wood, Battery park ........................ 54 25
from sale of flagging, Canal street park ............................ 48 13
from sale of grass, City parks. a. . . . .............. * ............ 47 50
from sale of flagging, Beach street place .......................... 33 30
from sale of flagging, Duane street place ........................... 19 84
from sale of old wood, Cooper Institute park ........................ 4 00
from cartage and storage on fruit stand ............................. 2 50
By balance December 31, 1870 ............................................ 52,752 25
35453471 08

The expenditures on Public Parks and Places from April 20 to December 31, 1870, are as

follows :

CITY HALL PARK, IMPROVEMENT OF.

Labor account—amount paid laborers, mechanics, carts, teams, etc. . $57,128 OI
Materials of construction and tools .............................. 8,458 00
Paving plaza, sidewalks and paths ............................... 20,541 77

Carried forward. . . . . . . . . . .’ ................... $86,127 78

 

«,1

J
I I 6
Brought forward. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... $86,127 78
Paving streets surrounding Park. . . . , . . . .- ........................ 16,660 00
Coping and ornamental centres of fountains. ...................... 3,786 86
Surveys, engineers, architects, etc .................... , ............ 2,081 58
Trees and plants .............................................. ‘ 4,304 00
Advertising, sale of railings ................ ' ..................... 199 68
CITY HALL PARK, MAINTENANCE OF.
Pay of park-keepers and sweepers ...................... . . ....... 3,135 75

BATTERY PARK, IMPROVEMENT OF.

Labor account—amount paid laborers, mechanics, carts, teams, etc. . $85,207 68

Materials of construction and tools ........ . ...................... 7,594 85
Sea-wall and boat basins ........................................ 3,843 50
Surveys, engineers, etc ...... . ................................... 2,402 49
Trees and plants ............................................... i 690 00
Advertising, railings, gates, etc ..... . ............................ 89 90
Incidental expenses ............... _. ............................ I 33 50

BATTERY PARK, MAINTENANCE OF.

Pay of park-keepers and sweepers ............ _ .................... 2,056 50

TOMPKINS PARK, IMPROVEMENT OF.

Labor account"— amount paid laborers, mechanics, cartmen, etc ..... $31,881 02
Materials of construction and tools .............................. 7,410 24
Surveys, engineers, etc ......................................... 446 15
Trees and plants ............................................. 824, 00
Music pavilion, seats and stands ........................... i ..... 1,304 66

TOMPKINS SQUARE, MAINTENANCE OF.

Pay of park-keepers and sweepers .......................... . . ; . 4, 34 25

MT. MORRIS SQUARE.

Improvement of ...................... . ......... , .........................

WASHINGTON PARK, IMPROVEMENT OF.

Labor account—amount paid laborers, mechanics, carts, teams, etc. $21,963 42

Materials of construction and tools ............................... 6,771 90
Paving roadway ............................................... 4,000 00
Surveys, engineers, etc ......................................... 837 II
Music pavilion, seats and stands ................................. 2,1 14 66

WASHINGTON PARK, MAINTENANCE OF.

Pay of park-keepers and sweepers ...................... . . ....... 4,274 00
Carriedforward ..................

$116,295 I5

102,018 42

46,500 32

23,383 93

39,961 09

—__

$528, 158;

 

 

Brought forward

CANAL STREET PARK, IMPROVEMENT OF.

Labor account-—— amount paid laborers, mechanics, carts, etc ........ $9," 007 29
Materials of c0nst1uction and tools ............................... 1,267 53
Paving sidewalk ............................................... 1,129 29
Trees ......................................... . ............... 72 00
Surveys, engineers, etc ......................................... 90 85

Payofpark-keeper.........................................'... 54450

FOURTH AVENUE PARKS, IMPROVEMENT OF.

Labor account—-—amount paid laborers, mechanics, carts, teams, and

gardeners, etc .................... . ....................... $4,698 03
Tools and materials ............................... . ........... 785 II
Trees and plants ....... ‘f ................................ . ..... 3,264 00
Surveys, engineers, etc .............................. ,_ . . . ...... . 20 62

Pay of park keepers ...... . .............................. 1,275 00
MADISON PARK, IMPROVEMENT OF.
Pay of laborers, gardeners, carts, etc ............................. $2,097 19
Materials and tools ............................................. I77 32
Music pavilion, seats and stands ................................. 2,274 66
Trees and plants .............................................. 60 00
MADISON PARK, MAINTENANCE OF.
Pay of par k-keepers and sweepers ............................... 4,493 00
STUYVESANT PARKS, IMPROVEMENT OF.
Pay of laborers, gardeners, carts, etc ............................. $1,406 97
Materials and tools. .......................................... . . I6 84
STUYVESANT PARKS, MAINTENANCE OF.
Payofpark—keepers andsweepers..........................;..... 3,48150

Carried forward

$328,158 91

12,411 46

10,042 76

9,102 17

4,905 3I

$364,620 61

 

I 1 8
Brought forward ...... ' . . . . . . ....... . .1 ...... i ............. $364,620 61

SIXTH AVENUE PARKS, IMPROVEMENT 0F.

Pay of laborers, gardeners, carts, etc. ............................ $1,953 45
Tools and materials ........ . ................................... 207 24
Paving sidewalks. . . . . ........................................ . 1,565 73
Surveys, engineers, etc ........................................ .. 23 75
Trees and plants. . . . .......................................... 36 00

SIXTH AVENUE PARKS, MAINTENANCE OF.

Pay of park—keepers and sweeper .................. . ............. 892 00
‘ ~———— 4,678 17

DUANE STREET PUBLIC PLACE, IMPROVEMENT OF.

Pay of laborers, gardeners, carts, etc ....... . ................... . . . $3,170 85
Materials and tools ............................................ 495 25
Paving sidewalks. . . . . ......................................... 650 64
Surveys, engineers, etc ......................................... 72 08
Plants, etc. ....... . . .......................................... 44 oo

DUANE STREET PUBLIC PLACE, MAINTENANCE OF.

Pay of park-keeper ............................................ 87 00
-———————— 4,519 82

UNION PARK, IMPROVEMENT OF.

Pay of laborers, gardeners, and carts ............................. a $1,230 76
Materials and tools ............................................ 82 42
Surveys .......................... , ........................... 8' 05

UNION PARK, MAINTENANCE OF.

Pay of park-keepers and sweepers .......... . .................... 3,190 00
‘ ————— 4,5II 23

RESERVOIR PARK, IMPROVEMENT OF.

Pay of laborers, gardeners, etc .................................. $343 60
Materials and tools ............................................. 54 I7

RESERVOIR PARK, MAINTENANCE OF.

Pay of park-keepers and sweepers ............................... 3,464 00
_—— 37861 77

Carried forward ...... . ........................... ' ....... $382, 191 60

I I 9 ,
Brought forWard ......... ; . . . . . .........................

BEACH STREET PUBLIC PLACE, IMPROVEMENT OF.

' Pay of laborers, gardeners, carts, etc ............................. $1, 594 08
Materials and tools ............................................ 932 74
Paving sidewalks ........... y ................................. . 671 16
Surveys, engineers, etc ........................................ 89 16
Plants, etc. . . ................................................. 18 75

BEACH STREET PUBLIC PLACE, MAINTENANCE OF.

Pay of park—keeper ............................................ 87 00

BOWLING GREEN, IMPROVEMENT OF.

Pay of laborers, gardeners, carts, etc ............................ $2,031 82
Materials and tools ........................................... 61 28
Surveys, engineers, etc ......................................... 82 11
Trees and plants... .... . . ..................................... 150 00

BOWLING GREEN, MAINTENANCE OF.

Pay of park-keepers and sweepers ............................... 255 00

FIVE POINTS PUBLIC PLACE, IMPROVEMENT OF.

Pay of mechanics, laborers, carts, etc ....................... . . . . . $2,032 59
Tools and materials ................................... ' ......... 103 81
Surveys, engineers, etc ......................................... 23 72

 

COOPER INSTITUTE PARK, IMPROVEMENT OF.

Pay of laborers, gardeners, etc .................................. $562 64
Tools, etc ......... . .......................................... I6 30

COOPER INSTITUTE PARK, MAINTENANCE OF.

Pay of park—keepers ........................................... 753 00

ABINGDON PUBLIC PLACE, MAINTENANCE OF.

Pay of gardeners, laborers, etc .................................. $129 11
Payof park-keeper................................... ......... 588 00
Carriedforward ........

$382, 191 60

3,392 89

2,580 21

2,160 12

um 94

717 11

$392,373 87

I20

Brought forward ..................................... .. $392,373 87

CHRISTOPHER STREET PUBLIC PLACE, MAINTENANCE OF.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pay of park-keeper and sweeper ............................... $669 45
Tools, etc .................................................... 23 87 ,
693 32
HIGH BRIDGE PARK, IMPROVEMENT OF.
Surveys, engineers, etc .......................................... $608 67
Pay of park—keepers ............................................ 984 00
1,592 67
MORNINGSIDE PARK, IMPROVEMENT OF.
Surveys, engineers, etc ................................................... 1,732 27
MISCELLANEOUS.
Fireworks ................................................... ,- $15,000 00
Music .................................................. . ...... 18,364 42
Park- keepers’ uniforms ....................................... . 1,908 66
Pay of Superintendent, clerk, and general foreman ................. 3,90I 08
Stationery, printing, and books of accounts ....................... 2,348 37
Proportion of salaries ..... _ ..................................... 7,000 00
Miscellaneous expenses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ................. 8,556 42
‘ —— 57,078 95
Total ...... . ..... .. . . , ................................. $453,471 08
-Mw . ____
CIRCLE, FIFTY-NINTH STREET AND EIGHTH AVENUE.
(C/zapter 757 of the Laws of 1866.)
Received from the City of New York for regulating, grading, sewering, etc., the
Circle, Fifty—ninth street and Eighth avenue, during the year ending Decem-
ber 31, 1870. ...................................................... $10,000 00
To balance April 20, I870 ...................................... $86 50
The payments on this account from April 20 to December 31, I870, are 5
as follows : .
Labor—amount paid laborers, mechanics, carts, etc ................ 4,065 29
Materials of construction and tools ............................... 1,515 04
Surveys, etc .................................................. I 3 75
Stationeryandprinting ............ ...... 73 84
5,754 42
Balance December 31, I870................... ........ $4,245 58
___.____..__

 

121

PUBLIC PLACE, FIFTY—NINTH STREET AND FIFTH AVENUE.

(C/zapicr 697 of [/16 Laws of 1867.)

Balance on hand, April 20, 1870 ........................ - .................... $ 11,900 96
Amount retransferred from Mount Morris square ........ 3 ...................... 444 31

$12,345 27

 

 

The payments on this account from April 20 to December 31,
I870, are as follows :

Pay 0f laborers, mechanics, carts, etc ............................. $6,433 06

 

Materials of construction and tools ........................ . ....... 2,281 60
Surveys, etc ............................... - .................... 27 50
Stationery and printing .......................................... 73 84
-——————— 8,816 00
Balance, December 31, .1870 .............................. $3, 529 27

ISLAND ABOVE ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH STREET AND PUBLIC DRIVE.

(Chapter 565 oft/u: Laws of 1865.)
Balance on hand April 20, 1870. . . . . . . . . . . . . ., ............................ $3,359 20
Unexpended balance transferred from “ Claims against old Commissioners for lay-
ing out the City north of One Hundred and Fifty—fifth street,” pursuant to ,
Chap. 646, Laws of 1865 ............................................. 7,038 32

 

 

$10,397 52

The payments on this account from April 20 to December 31, 1870, are as follows :

Surveys, maps, and draughting .................................. $4,050 07
Stationery, printing, and drawing materials ........ ‘ ............... 44 3 06
Incidental expenses ............................................ 5o 00
4:543 I3
Balance December 31, 1870 ............................... $5,854 39

CLAIMS AGAINST OLD COMMISSIONERS FOR LAYING OUT THE CITY NORTH OF ONE
HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH STREET.

Balance on hand April 20, 1870 ..................... , ...................... $7,038 32

 

(Transferred to “ Island above One hundred and Fifty—fifth street and Public Drive,” pur—
suant to Chapter 646, Laws 1865.)

122

WEST SIDE IMPROVEMENT.

(C/zap. 5 50 oft/w Laws 1866, W Cfiap. 697 oft/2e Law: of 1869.)
Balance on hand April 20, I870 .......................................... $2,777 00

No payments have been made on this account from April 20 to December 31, 1870.

NINTH AVENUE.

(6754}. 288 of Me Laws of 1868.)

Balance on hand April 20, 1870 ........................................... $10,000 00

No payments have been made on this account from April 20 to December 31, 1870.

ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY—FIFTH STREET, FROM SIXTH TO SEVENTH AVENUE.

(C/zap. 564 oft/la Laws of 1865.) I

 

Balance on hand April 20, 1870 .......................................... $3,932 54
The payments on this account to December 31, 1870, are as follows :
J. H. Sullivan, contractor, regulating and grading ................ $3,849 II
. Surveys ............................................ ' .......... 41 66
3,890 77
Balance on hand December 31, 1870. ...................... $41 77

BROADWAY WIDENING, FROM THIRTY-FOURTH STREET TO FIFTY-NINTH STREET.

(Chap. 880 qf Me Laws of 1869.)

Balance on hand April 20, 1870 ........................................... $1,218 00

w—..._.

No payments have been made on this account from April 20 to December 31, I870.

HARLEM RIVER AND SPUYTEN DUYVIL CREEK IMPROVEMENT.

(CM/j). 286 off/ta Laws of 1869, and C/zap. 797 oft/la Laws of 1870.)

Balance April 20, 1870 ................................................... $9,371 80
The payments on this account from April 20 to December 31,
1870, are as follows :

Surveys, engineers, etc ......................................... $845 78
Stationery and drawing materials ................................ 73 84
7 919 62
Balance December 31, ‘1870 ....................... ’ ...... , $8,454 18‘

..—____._ ,

123

VVESTCHFSTER COUNTY, TOWN OF WEST FARMS.

(Chap. 826 of t/ze Laws of 1869, and C/zap. 767 oft/16 Laws of 1870.)
Received from the town of West Farms from April 20 to December 31, 1870. . . . $5,000 00
To balance April 20, 1870 ...................................... $177 01

The payments on this account from April 20 to December 31,

are as follows :

 

 

 

 

Surveys, maps, and draughting .................................. 4,688 25
————— 4,865 26
Balance December 31 , 1870 ............................... $134 74
_—‘_———~———
WESTCHESTER COUNTY, TOWN OF YONKERS.
(C/zap. 826 of file Laws of 1869, and C/zap. 797 0f #26 Laws of 1870.)
Received from the town of Yonkers from April 20 to December 31, 1870 ....... $10,000 00
To balance April 20, 1870 ...................................... $803 41
The expenditures on this account from April 20 to December 31,
1870, are as follows :
Surveys, maps, and draughting .................................. 9,071 15
Stationery and drawing materials ................................. 73 84
9,948 40
Balance December 31, 1870 ............................... $51 60

E
ADAPTING WEST LINE OF PARK TO NEW EIGHTH AVENUE GRADE.

(Clzap. 632 oftfle Laws of 1866.) . . ,

Received from the City of New York for adapting west line of Park to new Eighth
avenue grade, from April 20 to December 31, I870 .............. , ........ $2 5,000 00

The expenditures on this account to December 31, 1870, are as follows :

 

 

Labor—amount paid mechanics, laborers, carts, teams, etc ................... 22,834 53
Balance December 31, 1870 ............................... $2,165 47

EAST SIDE IMPROVEMENT.

(C/zap. 626 of Me Laws of 1870.)

The payments on this account from April 20 to December 31, 1870, are as

follows :
Surveys, maps, and draughting.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ....................... $4,053 45
Drawing materials and stationery ......................................... 73 84

 

 

$4,097 29

—'—“-

124

GRADING EIGHTH AVENUE, SEVENTY—SEVENTH TO EIGHTY-FIRST STREET.

(C/zajh 858 off/1.6 Laws of 1858.)

The payments on this account from April 20 to December 3 , 1870, are as follows :

Pay of laborers, carts, teams, etc ............................... . ....... . . . . $1,384 76
RECAPITULATION.
Balance December 31, 1870, “ Construction Account, Central Park” ............ $51, 521 04
“ “ “ “ Boulevard,” .................................. 28,075 15
“ “ “ “ Sixth avenue,” ............................... 80,655 83
“ “ “ “ Museum and Observatory, maintenance of,” ...... 9,133 96
t‘ “ “ “Circle, Fifty—ninth street and Eighth avenue,”. . .. 4,245 58
“ “ “ “ Public square, Fifty—ninth street and Fifth avenue,” 3,529 27
“ “ “ “ Island above One Hundred and Fifty-fifth street
and Public Drive,” ......................... 5,854 39
“ “ “ “ West Side Improvement,” ...................... 2,777 34
“ “ “ “ Ninth avenue,” ............................... 10,000 00
“ “ “ “ One Hundred and Forty—fifth street,” ............ 41 77
“ “ “ “ Broadway Widening,” ......................... 1,218 00
“ “ “ “ Harlem River and Spuyten Duyvil Improvement,” 8,452 18
“ “ “ “ Town of West Farms,” ........................ 134 74
“ “ “ “ Town of Yonkers,” ........................... 51 60
“ “ “ “ Adapting West Line of Park to new Eighth avenue
grade,”..... ........................ . ..... 2,165 47

 

Less amounts transferred to the credit of the following accounts :

Maintenance Central Park, 1870 ................................. $8,982 16
Seventh avenue ............................................... 5,211 05
St. Nicholas avenue .......................................... 6,399 31
Museum and Observatory, construction of ........................ 47,001 32
Public Parks and Places ........................................ 52,752 25
East Side Improvement ......................................... 4,097 29
Grading Eighth avenue, Seventy—seventh to Eighty—first street ........ 1,384 76

 

 

Cash balance, December 31, 1870 ................ . . . . ...........

$207,856 32

125,828 14

$82,028 18

 

125

By Chapter'385, Laws of 1870, State of New York, eight
hours was constituted a legal day’s work for all classes of
mechanics, working men, and laborers, and making a non-com—

pliance with the law a' misdemeanor.

At a meeting of the Board held June I, 1870, the following

preamble and resolutions were adopted:

“ Whereas, By the provisions of the act passed at the late session of the Legislature,
“ regulating the hours of labor, entitled, ‘An act to regulate the hours of labor of mechanics,
“ working men, and laborers in the employ of the State, or otherwise engaged on public works,’
“ eight hours have been fixed and established as a day’s work for all mechanics, working men,
“ and laborers employed on the public works of the State and municipal corporations, with the
“ plain intention that such mechanics, working men, and laborers shall receive for such number
“ of hours, thus constituted a ‘day’s work,’ substantially the same compensation as that hereto-
“fore paid for a day’s work of longer duration, and it is the duty of this Department to carry
“this provision of law into effect ; therefore >

“Resolved, That all mechanics, working men, and laborers employed by this Department
“ shall hereafter be employed and paid by theday’s work of eight hours’ duration, according to
“law, and that the compensation shall be at the current rate paid for similar work, and that
“extra compensation be made for over-work required from any such mechanic, working man,
“ or laborer.

“Resolved, furtfier, That the Executive Committee is hereby charged with the duty of
“carrying the foregoing resolution into effect and of establishing the rate of wages to be paid
“in conformity therewith.”

At a meeting of the Executive Committee held June Io,

1870, the following resolution was adopted:

“Resolved, That until further ordered, the rate of wages for each day’s work by every
“mechanic, workingm‘an, and laborer employed by the Department of Public Parks, shall be as

“follows :
Blacksmiths ................................................. $3 50 per day.
Carpenters ................................................... 4 00 “
Masons ...................................................... 4 24 “
Stone masons ................................................ 4 24 “
Stone-cutters .............................. V. ................ 4'24 “
Brown—stone cutters ........................................... 4 48 “
Laborers .................................................... 2 00 “
Skilled laborers .............................................. 2 5o “

Rockmen ................................................... 2 24 ‘ ‘

126

Painters ..................................................... $3 75 per day.
Team, wagon, and driver ........... ‘ ........................ ‘. . 5 44

Horse, cart and driver ....................................... 3 6O “
Plumbers .................................................... 5 00 “

Rock blasters ............................................... 2 44 “

Female attendants ..................... -. ...................... I 00 “
Assistant gardeners ........................................... 2 4O “

Stone breakers ............................................... 06 per cubic foot.
'Breakers of trap block ........................................ 09 “

“ Eight hours’ labor constitutes a day’s work and shall be divided as follows :

“Beginning at 8 o’clock A. M. and continuing until 12 o’clock M.; resuming work at I
‘o’clock P. M., and ending at5 o’clock P. M. -

“ Roll will be called at 8 and 12 o’clock, and I and 5 o’clock. Absence from or not answer-
“ ing either roll-call, will be considered as absence from work, and no pay will be allowed for
“ any work done during the four hours previous or subsequent to such absence, as the case may

“ be.

' “Over-work may be performed by agreement before 8 o’clock A. M. and after 5 o’clock
“ P. M., at the rate of one—eighth (}§) of these prices for each hour of service. But no payment
“ or allowance will be made for parts of an hour.”

The following Tables show the rates of wages paid on the
works now under the control of this Department, giving a
comparative statement Of those paid during the past fourteen

years.

TABLE showing t/ze rate of pay [oer day from the commencement of t/ze Park

work to November 1, 1864..

 

 

 

 

 

 

1857. 1858. 1859. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864.

1—1 h: 1-: "l r-i ": v-i “'1 m H H F: H H 1-:

r: - r: . z: - r: v: r: :1 -

S E. S E. S ‘5. E ‘5. S E. E E. E ’5. E

Z; < Z <1 Z <1 Z <1 Z <1 Z < Z < Z
Foremen ....................... $1 50 $1 50 $1 75 $1 75 $2 00 $2 00 $2 00 $2 00 $2 00 $2 00 $2 00 $2 00 $2 20 $2 50 $3 00
Assistant foremen ........................... I 25 1 25 I 50 I 50 I 50 I 50 I 50 I 50 I 50 I 50 I 65 I 80 2 25
Laborers ....................... I 00 I oo 1 00 I oo 1 00 I 00 I 00 I oo 90 90 I 00 I 25 I 25 I 50 I 80
Double teams ................... 3 5o 3 50 3'50 3 5o 3 5o 3 5o 3 5o 3 5o 2 75 2 60 2 7o 3 3o 3 5o 3 90 4 4o
Carts .......................... 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 I80 I75 I80 220 250 280 315
Blacksmiths .................... I 50 I 50 I 50 I 50 I 75 I 87% I 87% I 87?} I 60 I 60 I 65 I 90 2 oo 2 5o 3 oo
Helpers ....................... I 00 I too I 00 I 12 ............ I 25 I 25 I 00 I 05 1 10 I 25 I 35 I 60 I 90
Carpenters ..................... I 50 I 50 I 50 I 50 I 75 I 75 I 75 I 75 I 6.0 I -75 2 oo 2 oo 2 5o 3 oo 3 25
Painters ..................................................................................................................
Rockmen .. ................... l .................. I 10 I 10 I 10 I 10 ........................ I 60 I 90 2 oo
Blasters ............................. l ....................................................................................
Masons ............................ l ...... I 75 2 oo 2 oo 2 oo 2 oo 2 00 1 65 ...... I 75 ...... 2 20 2 5o 3 00
Stone-cutters ............................... I 75 2 oo 2 oo 2 oo 2 oo 2 00 I65 ...... I 75 ...... 2 20 2 5o 3 oo
Gardeners ........................................ I 40 1 40 I 00 I 30 I 30 1 I5 I 10 I IO I 30 I 40 I 60 I go
Skilled gardeners .........................................................................................................
Skilled laborers ...........................................................................................................
Stone-breakers ...........................................................................................................
Hand—drillers ........................................... I 10 1 10 I 10 I 10 ..........................................
Brick—layers ................................ I 75 I 75 2 00 2 oo oo ...... I 65 I 70 ..............................
Engineers ................................................................................................................
Gate-keepers .............................................................................................................
Machinists ..............................................................................................................
Plumbers ................................................................................................................
Modellers ...............................................................................................................
Sculptors ..................................................................................................................
Ladies’—maids ..........................................................................................................
Pavers ................................................ I 25 ...... I 10 1 10 I (:0 I oo ............ I 35 I 60 I 90

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE s/zazuing the rate of pay per day front Apr-ill, 1865, to April

 

 

 

 

1, 1871.
1865. 1866. IS67.‘ ‘_ 1868. 1869. 1870. 1871. -
‘3‘. e; T; 5' E 5' 7'5. 5' E. 11 5' ’73.
<1 Z <! Z < Z <2 Z < Z <1 Z <1
Foremen ....... . ............................. $3 00 $3 00 $2 00 $153 00 $3 50 d433 50 $3 50 $4 00 $54 00 $4 00 $4 00 $4 00 $4 50
Assistant foremen ............................. ’2 25 2 25 ........................................................... 3 00
Laborers ................................. V. . .. 1 90 I 90 1 _9o 1 90 2 oo 2 oo 2 oo 2 oo 2 oo 2 oo 2 oo 2 oo 2 00
Double teams ................................. 4 7o 4 7o 4 7o 5 oo 5 5o 5 5o 5 5o 5 5o 5 5o 5 5o 5 44 5 44 ’5 44
Carts ........................................ 3 4o 3 4o 3 4o 3 4o 3 80 3 80 3 80 3 8o 3 80 3 80 3 60 3 6o 3 6o
Blacksmiths .................................. 3 25 3 25 3 25 3 5o 3 5o 3 5o 3 5o 3 5o 3 5o 3 5o 3 5o 3 5o 3 5o
Helpers ........... ‘ ........................... 2 oo 2 oo 2 oo 2 00 2 oo 2 00 2 oo 2 oo 2 oo 2 oo 2 oo '2 oo 2 oo
Carpenters ............................ ‘ ....... 3 35 3 25 3 5o 3 5o 3 5o 3 5o 3 5o 4 oo 4 oo 4 oo 4 oo 4 oo 4 oo
Painters ...................................... 2 75 3 oo 3 oo 3 25 3 25 3 25 3 5o 3 75 3 75 3 75 3 75 3 75 3 75
Rockmen ................................ 200 200 ............ ............ 225 225 225 225 224 224
Blasters ........................................................................... 2 5o 2 5o 2 5o 2 5o 2 44 2 44
Masons ...................................... 3 5o 3 5o 3 5o 3 5o 4 oo 4 oo 4 oo 4 5o 4 5o 4 5o 4 24 4 24 4 24
Stone—cutters . . . . . . .. ....................... 3 5o 3 5o 3 5o 3 5o 4 00 4 00 4 00 4 5o 4 5o 4 5o 4 24 ,4 24 4 24
Gardeners .................................... 2 oo 2 oo 2 00 2 oo 2 IO 2 10 2 10 2 35 2 35 2 50 2'40 2 4o 2 4o
Skilled gardeners . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................................................................... 3 00
Skilled laborers .............................. . ............................................................. 2 5o 2 5o 2 50‘
Stone-breakers ..............................................................................................................
Hand-drillers .............................................................................................................. .
Brick-layers .................................................................................................................
Engineers ......................................................................................... . ....... 4 oo 4 oo 3 50
Gate-keepers ................................. I 35 ' 1 35 1 35 I 35 I 50 I 50 I 50 I 50 I 50 I 50 I 50 2 25 2 25
Machinists. ......................................... i ................................................ 3 5o . . . . 4 co
Plumbers................. .......................................... 500 500 500 500 500
Modeller . ._ ........................................ l .......................................... 4 00 4 oo 4 00) 4 oo oo
Sculptors ....................... 7 .............. 3 50 ............ 3 75 ...... 5 50 ............ 5 5o 5 5o 5 5o 6 oo 6 oo
Ladies’-maids ................................. 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85' 85 1 oo 1 oo
Pavers ............................................. ' ...................................... .

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SSS Szv‘z SOS 569”? £51 17631 I 1791 ‘92 I 38‘9 0L6‘gI 309 I I ‘5 903 96 330‘6 3317

L3 093 93 £1717 99 659‘1 096‘9 6517‘1 €917‘3 81 L3 .43 63 ng‘I 179 """"""" qorew
317 £61 I 3 ‘2 117 03 176 103‘3 £91 ‘I 96S‘ I 173 173 173 173 031 317 """"""" [{JBanafl
39 933 93 8817 173 993‘1 6€€‘I 311‘1 gE6‘3 93 93 93 83 9L1 3§ """"""" Amnunf
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STATEMENT s/zowz'ng in numéer’qf a’ay: theforee employed on Me Parks, ana’ other works in e/zarge qf the Department, during“ eat/z monM of Me
year ending Marc/z 31, 1871—(Continued).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. s: an. 1 8 cs «3 E 33 '0 8 1'3 x .x U;

5 "19: - 5' us § ’5 fi fi '2 '8 E) E '8 g. g 8; 35

MONTHS- 1: 'd as 1’3 g B «3.4 r? ,2 .2 B ,8. .E - a on we .a

g .93 U 3 .M ’5 2 E .52 vi <15 :3 g, 33 3 "‘ a5 :13 .5:

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‘3 A 3 O as ,2 .2” 0 d 0 c1: 5,“ <1) 0 o «1

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fipril ---------------- 295 ...... 168 7,449 10,820 130 ...... 1,622 2,999 90 768 ...... 78 . 4,822 .
aY ------------------ 309 ...... 161 6,692 12,196 131 ...... 1,407 3,095 93 759 ...... 75 2,934 . ..
111i“? ----------- ' ----- 372 ...... 234 6,659 20,335 143 32 1,671 3,886 90 714 26 78 2,060 . .
{3: Y 7; """""""""""" 449 ------ 169 5,945 25,350 237 33 L870 4589 93 748 26 78 2,040
ugus ---------------- 536 ...... 141 5,409 24,714 293 . 27 2,110 4,99 155 718 27 81 2,166
September ------------- . 520 ...... 132 4,297 26, 455 25 5 52 2,204 4, 703 150 690 26 78 2, I 59 25
OCtObel‘ - - - - - ~ 527 ...... 120 4,409 31,817 246 69 2,484 5,411 130 712 26 84 1,541 26
1 November ------------- 629 342 130 5,752 36,888 240 59 3,017 7,587 179 718 26 75 1,766 25
.. December ------------- 907 400 138 4,880 27,981 240 47 3,015 6,483 186 7 12 26 7 1 63 1 26
January --------------- 880 354 131 3,957 24,852 208 9 2,012 3,787 184 712 24 63 598 24
February -------------- 843 330 114 3,921 21,276 353 1 1,428 2,517 168 718 24 59 1,381 23
MarCh ---------------- 1,137 401 130 1,013 30,292 233 41 2,079 3,936 186 884 27 . 55 1,386 40
7,404 1,827 1,768 60,383 292,976 2,709 370 24,919 53,989 1,704 8,853 258 875 23,484 189

 

 

 

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STATEMENT of 2716 Average Working Force, per day, employed on Me var

Alum/z 31, 1871.

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0-00....

April........

May.

.n...n~-o.

June ............

July.... . .

August. . . . . .

September. . . . . .

October............

.u-..--o.-

November. . .

December.... .

1871.

January......

February..............

March............

 

 

132

The largest number of persons engaged during the year on
the Central Park, the squares and places, the Boulevard—and
other works under the control of the Department, was 2,401;

the smallest number was 1,122.

The number of the public parks, squares, and places of the

city now under the control and management of the Department

 

is twenty-three. The area of the Central Park is 8621330 acres;
the area of the several squares and places is 145116301U acres;

making a total park area of 1,0071%,5-617; acres, as follows:

 

Abingdon .......................................... 0.202 acres.
Battery ............................................ 21 . 199 “
Beach Street ........................................ 0 038 “
Boulevard and Sixty-third Street ...................... 0.344 "
Bowling Green .................................... o. 517 “
Canal Street ....................................... 0.318 “
Central ........................................... 862 . 070 “
Christopher Street .................................. O. I 39 “
City Hall ......................................... 8.234 “
Cooper Institute ..................................... 0.224 “
Duane Street. '. .................... . ................. 0.108 “
Five Points ........................ V ................. 0. I I4 “
High Bridge ...................................... 23.380 “
Madison ........................................... 6 . 492 ‘ ‘
Morningside ....... - ................................. 3 1 . 238 ‘ ‘
Mount Morris ...................................... 20. 173 “
Park Avenue ...................... l ..... ' ......... .. . 1.165 “
Reservoir ........................................... 4. 775 “
Sixth Avenue ............ . ........................ O. 186 “
Stuyvesant ......................................... 4 . 229 ‘ ‘
Tompkins .......................................... IO . 508 ‘ ‘
/ Union .............................................. 3 .483 “
Washington......................, .................. 8.115 “
Total ....................................... 1,007.251 “
The total cost of the land of the Central Park is ........................... $6,666, 381 77
Less amount assessed on property benefited .......................... 1,828,265 00
The cost or the land of the Park to the city is .............................. $4,838,116 77
The total expenditure for improvement of the Park, from May I, 1857, to Janu-
ary I, 1871, is ....................................................... 6,330,732 50 ‘
Total cost of the Park land and improvement to the city is .................. '. $1 1, 168,849 27

_

13

3

T126 followmg is a T opowap/zzcal Desrrz'ptz'on of [/23 C ”2‘7sz Par/c, 5y Area: of Surface,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

éNc. ., 7amtary 1,1871.
Length of Park, from 59th to 110th streets ....... _ .................... I3, 507 ft. 9-1, in.
Breadth “ “ 5th to 8th avenues ............................ 2,718 “ 6%,- “
Superficial area ..................................................... 843%},36a acres
“ “ Ground known as Manhattan Square ................... 19.10Qiol..- “
Total Park area ........................... . . 8621%1096 acres.
Elevation of
Acres. water' above
tide.»
Feet
Area, exterior to inclosure, 59th street and 110th
street, Broad Walks ...................... 3,90%,36 ........
Do. occupied by four Transverse Roads ....... -. 93%,1057; ........
Do. “ by neW'Croton Reservoir ...... '. .. 106—,1,,%%,- 115.20
Do. “ by old Reservoir ................ ‘35—llfiifi; 115 20 $415—$010- “
Total area of Park within inclosure, exclusive of above areas ........... 707-10503? acres
Elevation of
surface when
Acres. full above
tide. Summer .
level.
Area of the Pond (near 59th street, between 5th Feet.
and 6th avenues) ...................... 47%9—(9- 26,00
D0. “ Lake (between 72d and 78th streets). . .. 201%},10— 53.20
D0. “ Conservatory water (east of Lake near
5th avenue) ........................... 2150101“— 41 00
Do. “ I’ool (near 8th avenue, between IOIst
and 102d streets) ...................... 2—9,,l036 45,00
Do. “ the Harlem Lake ..................... 1213105016 11.00
Do. “ the Loch ............................. 11%?“ 24.50
Total area of waters of the Park at this date.. . .. 43125513)- acres.
Acres.
Area occupied by Carriage Roads. . . . 491%.800”
Do. “ by Bridle Roads ...... 157%9”
D0. “ by \Valks ............ 38—56-3177,
Total... ..................................... 103- "4,1," (,- acres. 146113010. “

 

 

Total area of ground within inclosure, exclusive of Reservoirs, Ponds,
Roads and Walks ................................................
Area of rock surface mainly without soil or shrubbery, estimated ........
Area of Park ground fertilized, or chiefly fertilized, and in trees and
shrubbery, or .in open lawns, exclusive of Reservoirs, Roads, \Valks,

560 110—05- acres.
‘ C

24

 

 

Ponds, rock surface, &c., esizmaz‘ea’ ................................ 536- ”1,13,- acres.
Length of Carriage Drives completed ................................. 9-11.,105- miles
Length of Bridle Rides completed .................... . ................ 51500—1510“ “
Length of Walks completed. ........................................ 27-,%,io%- “

 

-

 

I34

The total cost of the maintenance of the Central Park dur—

ing the past year was in excess of the previous year, in conse-
quence of the eight—hour law of the State, referred to. 011 page
125, reducing the labor result one—fifth, and the extensive repairs

required and made in regraveling the drives, rides, and'walks,

which were found in very bad condition by this Department.

The iron and cement water pipes, laid several years since,

unexpectedly gave out in a number of places, undermining the.

drives, rides, and walks to a considerable extent, the repairs

of which also added to this account.

The details of expenditures on account of the Central Park

maintenance are as follows:

 

 

Roads, cleaning ................................ '
Roads, repairing ...............................
Bridle Roads, cleaning ..........................
Bridle Roads, repairing .........................
Walks, cleaning ...............................
Walks, repairing ...............................
Plantations ........................... ‘ .........
Turf ................................. . .......
\Vater ........................................
Ice ............................................
Irrigation ......................................
Transverse Roads ..............................
Masonry ......................................
Tools .........................................

 

 

Surface Drainage ..............................
Buildings .....................................
Manure .......................................
Park and gate—keepers’ wages, uniforms, etc .......
Special park—keepers’ wages .....................
Music ........................................
Stationery, printing, advertising, etc ..... ‘ .........
Seats, Signs, etc ................................
Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . j. .' .......................
Proportion of salaries ...................... a. . . .

Total ............................ . . .

 

LABOR. MATERIALS. TOTAL.
$28,570 53 $73 70 $28,644 23
9.030 07 26,540 36 35,570 43
1,419 84 ............ 1,419 84
74 55 24 15 98 70
10,732 95 ............ 10,732 95
5,804 84 10,106 78 15,911 62
17,150 78 2,347 08 1 19,497 86
15,244 84 597 50 15,842 34
362 57 ............ 362 57
5,061 60 74097 5,802 57
10,236 86 633 11 10,869 97
672 98 ............ 672 98
3,399 I9 592 33 3,99I 52
3,307 80 1,511 28 4,819 08
2,304. 02 ............ 2,304 02
11,549 84 1,557 55 13,107 39
277 00 ............ 277 00
56,070 33 684 62 56,754 95
4,955 97 ------------ 4,955 97
4,590 00 ............ 4,590 00
10,806 06 ............ 10,806, 06
481 73 263 87 ‘ 745 60
11,458 12 1 518 83 12,976 95
10,000 00 ............ 10,000 00

 

 

$270,754 60

 

 

135

The expenditures on maintenance of City Parks and Places

are as follows :'

Pay of Park—keepers ............... , ...................... $24,761 45
Pay of Sweepers ......................................... 10,102 00
Pay of Superintendent, Clerk, and General Foreman .......... 3,901 08
Park-keepers’ uniforms .................................... 1,908 66
Music ................................................... 18,364 42
Fireworks .................................. I). ............ 15,000 00

Total ......................................... $74,037 6!

 

The following is the force of Park-keepers, Gate—keepers, and
Sweepers engaged at the Central Park and the several City

Parks and Places, viz.:

Central Park ......... Captain .......................... I
Lieutenant ........................ I
Sergeants ......................... 5
Roundsmen ....................... 2
Park-keepers ...................... 54
City Parks and PlaceS. .Sergeants ............................. 3
“ “ “ . .Park-keepers .......................... 37
Total ...................... 103
Central Park. . . .. . . . .Gate-keepers .......................... 50

City Parks and Places..Sweepers........... 50

The buildings provided for the accommodation of skaters
during the past winter were complete and comfortable, and
the ice, remaining in good condition, afl'orded amusement and
pleasure to a large number for a long period, in all forty-eight

days, as shown by the following table:

136

TABLE

Skowz'ng l/ze Numéer of Day: on w/zz'c/z t/zere' was Skating at Me Par/é.

 

 

 

 

 

1858—9. 1859—60. 1860—1. 1861—2; 1862-3. 1863—4. 1864—5. 1865-6. 1866-7. 1867—8.- 1868-9. 1869—70. 1870—1.
1858. 1859. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. 1866. 1867. 1868. I870. 1870.
Dec. 29 Dec. 24 Dec. 14 Dec. 29 Dec. 22 Dec. 11 Dec. 21 Ian. 8 Dec. 15 cc. 17 Dec. 14 e . 25
1859. u 25 u 15 u 30 1863 u 23* u 22 u 9 u 16 u 18 u 15 Dec 26
Jan. 3 “ 26 “ 16 “ 31 Jan. 20 f“ 24 “ 23 “ 10 “ 19 “ 19 “ 16 “ 27
“ 22 “ 27 ” 18 1862. Feb. 5 , “ 25 “ 24 “ 11 “ 20 “ 2‘0 “ 19 “ 28
“ 23 “ 28 1861. Ian. 1 “ 24 “ 26 “ 25 “ 12 “ 21 “ 21 “ 20 " 29
a 24 u 29 Jan II M 2 u 25 u 27 a 30 u 15 u 22 H 24 H 22 H 30
“ 25 “ 30 “ 12 “ 3 “ 26 1864. 1865. “ 17 “ 26 “ 25 “ 24 “ 31
“ 26 “ 31 “ 13 “ 4 an. Jan. 2 “ 18 “ 28 “ 3O “ 25 1871.
U 27 1860. u 14 u 5 u 3 u 3 u 19 u 29 H 31 u 26 an. I
u 28 Jan. I u 18 u 6 u 6 u 4 u 21 u 30 I868. u 27 u 2
u 29 u 2 u 19 u 7 u 7 u 5 u 22 u 31 Jan. 3 u 28 u ' 3
H 30 u 3 u 20 u 8 u 8 u 6 u 23 1867' H 5 u 29 u 4
F613. 10 u 4 u 21 a II n 9 u 8 u 24 Jan. I H 6 u 30 u 7
‘6 II I‘ 5 l‘ 22 (I I4 4‘ 10 ‘l 9 H 26 (l 2 u 7 ll 31. ‘6 8
u 12 u 6 u .23 u I7 a II a 11 u 27 u 3 u 9 1869. u 9
“ 21 “ 7 “ 26 “ 22 “ 12 “ 12 “ 28 “ 4 " 10 Jan. 2 “ 10
“ 22 (l 26 6‘ 28 ‘l 23 ‘5 I3 I! I3 ‘1 29 ll 5 “ II N 3 “ II
I‘ 23 ‘4 27 ll 29 (I 24 l‘ 16 6‘ IS (3 30 (I 6 H 12 0‘ 6 (l 12
Mar 5 u 28 u 30 u 27 u 17 a 16 u 31 a 7 N 13 u 7 u 13
“ 6 “ 29 “ 31 “ 28 “ 22 “ 17 Feb. .1 “ 8 “ 14 “ 11 “ 17
u 30 Feb. I u 29 u 23 u 18 u 2 u, 9 H 15 u 13 u 18
u 31 u 4 FCb. I Feb. 18 u 19 u 3 u 10 H 16 u I4 1: 19
Feb. I u 5 u 2 u 19 u 20 u 4 a II ‘3 I7 u 16 u 20
u 2 u 6 u 3 u 20 u 21 u 5 u 12 u 18 u 17 u 21
u 3 u 7 u 4 u 21 u 22 u 6 u 13 u 19 u 18 u 22
u 5 u 8 u 5 u 24 u 7 (1 I4 U 20 u 20 u 23
H 8 H 9 u 6 u 25 u 17 u 15 U 22 u 21 u 24
u 9 u 10 u 8 u 26 u 18 u 16 It 23 u 22 u 25
u 10 u 9 u 27 u 19 u 25 u 23 u 26
H II u 10 u 28 u 20 It 26 u 24 u 27
“ 12 “ 11 " 29 “ 23 “ 28 “ 26 “ 28
H 13 u 12 u 30 u 24 U 31 u 27 u 29
u 14 u 13 u 31 a 25 Feb. I u 28 u 30
“ 15 “ 15 Feb. 1 “ 26 “ 2 Feb. 1 “ 31
u 16 u 16 u 2 u 27 fl 3 u 2 Feb. 2
u 17 u 17 u 3 u 28 u 4 n 5 u 3
H 20 U 18 u 4 a 29 H 5 u 6 u 4
l‘ 19 u 6 u 30 U 6 u 7 u 5
“ 21 “ 7 Feb. I " 7 “ 8 “ 6
“ 22 “ 9 a 2 u 8 u 7
u 23 u 10 u LO 1: 8
u 25 u 11 a II n 10
u 26 :1 I3 :4 12 H II
a 28 u I u 13 u 1
Mar. 1 “ I: “ 14 “ I:
u 2 u 18 u 15 u 16
u 3 u 19 u 16 u 19
u 5 u 20 u 17 u 20
u 6 u 21 u 18 u 22
l‘ 7 (I 22 ‘l I (6 2 3
(C 8 u 24 u 22 J
“ 22
u 23
u 24
H 25 ,
“ 26
” 28
6‘ 2
Mar. 1
l‘ 4
(t 5
H 6
Days 19|Days 36 Days 27 Days 50 Days 6 Days 24 Days 50 Days 28 Days 39 Days 61 Days 38 Days 1 Days 48

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE showing the Number of Musical Entertainments in the several Parts during the year 1870.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL
NUMBER
4 i T’
MAY. JUNE. JULY. AUGUST. SEPTEMBER. OCTOBER. l\.uV. 1 N EA C11
' PARK.
Mt. Morris Square. ......... 4. Mondays .. 6'13 2027 .. ..11 1825.. 1 8152229 5:12’19 26 .. 3 1017 2431 ..i 21
Tompkins Square ............ Tuesdays ... 31st. .. I4 21 28 .. 512 19 26.. 2 9 16 23 3o 113:20 27 .. 4 11 18 25 .. I 22
Washington Square ........... Wednesdays. 25th 1 8 .. 22 29 6 13 20 27 .. 3 10 17 2431 714‘21 28 .. 5 12 19 26 .. 2 23
Madison Square .............. Thursdays .. 26th 2 9 16 23 3o 7 14 21 28 .. .. 11 18 25 .. I 8‘15 22 29 6 13 20
BatteryPark ................. Fridays ..... .. .. .. 1724.. 1 815 2229 5121926.. 2 91623.. 7142128.. .. 19 c:
' \I
Central Park ................. Saturdays... 21st. .. .. 18 25 .. 2 9 16 23 30 6’13 20 27.. 3'10!” 24.. 1 8 15 22 29 .. 20
Number of entertainments for each month. . 4 20 25 26 24 24 2
Total number of entertainments for the year .................................... 125
The expense of which was as follows :
For Central Park ..................... ' .................. $4, 590 00
For City Parks ......................................... 18,364 42

Average for each Entertainment ...... $184 00.

138

The cost of these entertainments is but trifling, consid-
ering the vast numbers of all classes who take pleasure in
them, particularly the poorer class,——who are unable to
attend in—door musical entertainments. The highest evidence
of the public appreciation is shown in the good order
maintained.

The boat service at the Central Park continues in public
favor.

The following table shows the number of passengers

served during the year:

 

 

 

 

BOATS.
CALL PASSAGE
BOATS. BOATS.
For the week ending April 23 .............................. 100 382%
“ “ 3o .............................. 564 2,474%
“ May 7 .............................. 533% 1,873
“ “ 14 .............................. 444 1,560%
“ “ '21 .............................. 1,149 2,938
“ “ 28.. .......................... 859 2,453 '2
“ June 4 .............................. 550 2,385%
“ “ 11 ............................. 703% 3,701
“ “ 18 .............................. 1,839% 3,949%
“ “ 25 .............................. 1,563 4,771
“ July 2 .............................. 921 3,047%
“ “ 9 .............................. 1,870 5,461 .
:: :: :3 ............................. 1,774 4,456y
............................. 1,149 3,203 2
“ “ 3o ............................. 988% 4,094%
“ Aug. 6 .............................. 1,101% 3,771%
“ “ 13 .............................. 1,236 2,920
“ “ 20 .............................. 1,130 4,516
“ “ 27 .............................. 983 5,047
“ Sept 3 .............................. 823 4,556
“ “ IO .............................. 1,225 4,363
“ “ I7 .............................. 783% 3,066%
“ “ 24 .............................. 679 3,297
“ Oct. 1 .............................. 495 3,150
“ “ 8 .............................. 262 1,413
“ “ I5 .............................. 481% 1,723
“ “ 22 .............................. 362% 1,529%
“ “ 29 .............................. 331% 1,115
:: Nov 5 .............................. 73 293 ,
“ Z: 12 .............................. 65% 317%
19 .............................. 33% 179%
25.07% 88,009

 

 

 

 

.139

The total amount derived from these passengers by the
Manager of the Boat Service was $14,544.80. The total expense

of conducting this service was $512,501.55.

The sum of $31,000 has been received on this account for
license fee for the year 1869. The license fee of $1,000 for the

year I870 is due and unpaid.

The total amount of sales at the Mineral Springs during the
year 1870, was $5,512.65. No license fee has been received

from this source.

The Department received from the National Bank of Com-
merce in New York, as interest on deposit of its funds, since
its organization to the first day of October, the sum of
$1,173.60. The further amount of $354.79 has also been received
for interest to December 31, from the Tenth National Bank,
which is now the designated depository of the Department

funds.

The total receipts from licenses, sale of products, old mate-

rials, etc., of Central Park, parks and places, were as follows:

CENTRAL PARK.

From sale of trees and plants to city parks ...................... $1 3, 353 75
“ grass ............................ . .............. 1,833 50
“ old materials .................................... 641 I6
“ sheep and wool .................................. 1,035 33
From license to sell refreshments ............................... 4,514 52
“ hire boats ..................................... 1,000 00
From pound receipts ......................................... 164 30
“ rent of house on Central Park ............................ 150 00
For removing broken vehicles ................................. I4I 00
$22,833 56
BOULEVARD.
From sale of stone ...................................................... 29 25

MOUNT MORRIS SQUARE.

From sale of old building ................................................ 100 00

 

 

, Carried forward ............................................. $22,962 81

I 40
' Brought forward ............................................ $22,962 81

CITY PARKS AND PLACES.

From sale of old material, City Hall Park . .- ..................... $1, 511 07
“ stone, Sixth Avenue Park .......................... 1,017 90
“ flagging, Tompkins Square ........ ‘ ................. 367 63
“ flagging, Washington Square ....................... 270 99
“ gate and wood, Battery Park ...................... 54 2 5
“ flagging, Canal Street Park ........................ 48 I 3
“ grass, City parks ................................. 47 50
“ flagging, Beach Street Place ...... , ................. 33 3O
“ flagging, Duane Street Place ...................... 19 84
“ old wood, Cooper Institute Park .................... 4 oo

’ 3,374 61

Total ................................................ $26,337 42

 

The total number of passengers carried by the Central Park

carriage service, during the year 1870, was 112,245.

The total receipts for fares was $26,188.65; expenses, $21,236.
No payments have ever been made for license fee on this

account.

The sum of $4,514.52 has been received from license fee for

the sale of refreshments at the Central Park.

The amount of grass cut at the Central Park and the
several parks and places, and sold during the year, was 1,831
loads, realizing the sum of $1,881; A quantity of grass and
hay was reserved for maintenance of the zoological collection

and for use in the Park operations.

A large quantity of grass, cut from the various city parks
and places, was, by order of the Board, furnished to the Fire

Department for their use free of expenSe.

In consequence of the continued dry weather of the past

141

summer but little hay was made, the grass crop falling short

of previous years.

The item of $13,333.75 for sale" of trees “and plants taken
from the Central Park, for ornamenting the several city parks
and places, is charged against the appropriation therefor, and

credited to the maintenance account of the Central Park.

The amount of $3,374.6I was received from the sale of old
materials, deemed unfit for use, and removed from the various

parks and places.

\

Sales of surplus sheep and wool clippings have been, made

during the year to the extent of $1,035.33.

For the'purpose of keeping up and improving the purity of
the stock, the Department, through the kindness of Mr. Geo, Fox,
of Manchester, and S. N. Graves, Honorable Member for Liver-
pool, VVavetree Grange, procured and imported from England,
three Southdown Tups o‘r Rams, one example each from the
three great breeders of this class of Sheep, viz.: Mr. E. Emery,
Munster Place, Sussex; William Rigdon, Honorable Member for
Brighton, Sussex, and Mr. Henry Humphrey, Ashington Mills,
Sussex. Although the breed is the same, the strains are dif—
ferent, each having a distinct reputation as to form, beauty,
size, quality of wool, 810., but equally esteemed by stock raisers
and connoisseurs. The usual custom of these breeders is, to
hold an auction for the hiring of their rams for the season, and
it is by no means a rare occurrence to obtain 50 and 60 guineas

for the season’s use of one Tup or Ram.

7 Also, Five Ewes, of the following'pedigree:

“ Sire—Lord Clifden, winner of Bath and West of England and Royal Agricultural Society
“ of England prizes, bred by the late Pryce Wm. Bowen, of Shrawardine Castle.

I42

»“ Sire of Lord Clifden—Patentee, the prime winner of Royal Agricultural Society of
“England,~ by old Patentee, the prime winner of Royal Agricultural Society of England. Dam
“of Lord Clifden by Chester Billy, winner of two first prizes of Royal Agricultural Society of
“England.

“ Dam of Ewes—Ewes bred by Messrs. Bowen & Jones, Ensdore House, Shrewsbury, one

“ of the original flocks on which the Shropshire sheep are founded.”

To distribute a good breed of sheep among sheep raisers,
lambs, ewes and bucks are sold at moderate prices, and owing
to the purity of the stock,.there is great demand for them
from all parts of the country. The proceeds from sales, as
above stated, exceed the cost of maintaining the flock and
importing new specimens. _

In an Appendix will be found a statement of the living'
birds and animals in captivity at the Central Park during the

year.

A schedule is annexed showing 214 donations received during
the year, and added to the collection at the Central Park,
with the names of the donors. Among the most rare of these

are the following:

From T. Bailey Meyers, Esq., one Marmoset Monkey.

From H. Schuber, Esq., of Panama, one Guanaco, from Bolivia.

From W. P. Mellen, Esq., two Prong-horn Antelopes.

From Columbus Smith, Esq., one American Bison.

From Hon. August Belmont, two Virginia Deer and three Wild Geese.
From A. H. Barney, Esq., one Fallow Deer. ‘

From W. De Peyster, Esq., one Red and Yellow Macaw.

From IIon. Robert B. Roosevelt, two Golden Eagles.

From Hon. Wm. G. Bergen, one Bald Eagle.

From Hon. Hamilton Fish, one White-crested Guam, and one Tiger Bittern.
From Admiral S. W. Godon, U. S. N., one Bronzed Guan.

From J. Brice, Esq., two Albino English Pheasants. ‘

:43

The following detailed statements give the number of pedes-
trians, equestrians, and vehicles entering the Central Park during
the year 1870, and the gates of entrance, exhibiting an increase

of 1,070,470 visitors over those of the year previous.

The largest number of Pedestrians entering the Park in any one month was in July... . . 516,263
The largest number of Equestrians entering the Park in any one month was in August. 13,966
The largest number of Vehicles entering the Park in any one month was in September.. 216, I 55
The largest number of Velocipedes entering the Park in any one month was in May. . . i 228

Allowing two extra for each Vehicle, the number of Visitors in 1870 was ........ . . . . 8,421,427

722516 of 27M Zszmécr of Visz'z‘ors (21‘ 6615/; Em‘raizce of 2716 Park for 6226/; mom/z during tile year.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

‘ PEDESTRIANS.
59th st. 64th st. 72d st. 79th Ft, 90th st. 59th st. 59th st. 59th st. 72d st. 8 5th st. 96th st. 100th s‘t. 110th st.
MONTHS. an and and and and and an and an d an d and and and

5th av. 5th av. 5th av. 5th av. 5th av. 6th‘ av. 7th av. 8th av. 8th av. 8th av. 8th av, 8th av. 6th av.
January ............ .. ..... . ........................ . 42,176 20,714 7,552 7,539 3,539 17,521 17,149 19,138 83,168 772 418 682 3,915
February .......................................... 41,838 19,006 5,970 6,197 1,876 15,426 11,231 18,177 2,011 1,044 308 509 3,555
March ............................................. 35,458 18,663 6,281 4,749 2,112 14,469 13,365 15,620 2,035 1,071 348 536 3,757
April . ............................................. 65,105 16,026 14,324 12,514 3,722 39,300 38,606 32,300 4,663 1,598 457 684 5,353
May. .. . ............................................ 95,515 21,859 20,285 13,890 5,393 65,148 56,558 78,149 8,804 2,171 723 1,105 6,934
June. . . . ............................................ 104,810 27,897 19,457 17,186 5,099 75,897 84,581 108,562 12,028 2,447 822 1,418 7,416
july. . . . ........................................... 119,403 30,690 40,038 23,056 8,536 83,452 79,146 106,522 13,334 3,329 1,075 1,563 6,119
August.... . . .. . .. .. 83,041 27,681 31,620 21,494 19,314 31,168 75,818 59,748 21,267 4,559 391 1,837 6,288
September ....................................... . . 118,198 14,136 22,774 17,157 17,724 47,049 57,852 94,442 12,741 2,064 2,885 3,118 8,158
October ............................................ 123,347 13,861 29,703 10,494 25,530 23,158 26,854 24,877 10,146 1,244 713 2,547 4,462
November .......................................... 35,754 29,479 8,454 4,437 5,360 14,549 36,447 15,363 6,437 . . . . . . . . 4,434 2,926 3,110
December .......................................... 83,431 18,283 14,614 5,938 4,924 22,968 18,528 62,317 10,255 434 285 1,869 3,954
Totals ........................................ 952,076 258,295 221,083 144,151 103,129 450,105 516,135 635,215 106,889 20,733 12,859 18,794 63,021

|

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W71

Table of the Numéer of Visitors, eta—(Continued)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EQUESTRIANS.
59th st. 72d st. 79th st. 90th st. 59th st 72d st 85th st. 96th st. 100th st. 110th st.
MONTHS. and and and and and and and and an an
5th av. 5th av. 5th av. 5th av. 8th av 8th av 8th av. 8th av. 8th ave. 6th av.

January ............................................. .... 1,181 225 90 179 433 110 23 25 10 426
February ................. . ................................ 1,731 113 59 195 463 53 6 I3 3 384-
March ................................................... 2,558 149 277 218 581 38 29 21 17 543
Aprll ..................................................... 4,353 281 209 304 718 145 46 89 15 755
May. . . .................................................. 4,521 222 221 382 912 60 74 122 19 974
June. . . . ................................................ 3,947 236 108 306 907 173 50 77 14 1,011
July. ...... ............................................... 3,752 223 299 278 607 92 104 21 6 623
August..... ............................................. 11,549 239 282 147 799 136 104 2 96 612
September ................................................ 3,475 313 161 387 905 343 82 84 413 . 245
October ................................................. 2,816 3 8 176 ‘ 6 02 16 1 160 o

9 3 4 7 77 9 79

November. . . . ............................ ' ................ ,o 2 10 170 6.6 1,0 0 8 . . . ....... 2 123 88
3 9 3 4 7 3 3 9
December. . . . . ........................................... 2,650 184 282 5 19 801 310 10 66 185 373
Totals..... . ................. ‘ ...... 46,265 2,893 2,334 3,745 8,898 1,575 544 571 1,061 7,625

VEHICLES.
59th st. 72d st. 79th st. 90th st. 59th st. 72d st. 85th st. 96th st. 100th st. 110th st.
MONTHS. and and and and an and and and and and
5th av. 5th av. 5th av. 5th av. 8th av. 8th av. 8th av. 8th av. 8th av. 6th av.

January .................................................. 29,300 1,687 2,096 1,307 4,309 982 367 456 758 29,088
February ........................................... , ...... 23,994 1,729 1,578 1,644 4,504 360 427 267 607 23,468
March. . . ................................................. 34,477 2,179 3,235 1,824 6,188 743 518 337 683 32,598
Aprll. ... ................................................ 53,435 5,113 4,645 4,042 7,183 1,115 602 498 870 49,230
May.... ................................................ 52,912 4,117 4,063 4,344 11,322 736 646 596 995 55,306
une. . ................................................... 68,471 3,549 2,710 4,034 12,586 1,883 920 582 1,076 69,375
uly. .................................................... 50,982 3,085 5,708 5,606 10,535 1,540 1,229 646 922 2,192
August ................................................... 54,803 5,513 4,108 5,363 12,944 1,200 1,774 435 1,597 60,377
September ................................................ 89,904 9,514 3,997 19,365 17,764 2,694 755 551 2,547 69,064
October .................................................. 98,416 22,821 3,205 14,391 16,551 1,095 162 789 2,528 51,968
November ................................................ 38,272 4,593 1,059 14,362 16,397 628 .......... 484 3,094 62,255
December ................................................ 33,376 3,365 1,731 27,363 8,435 647 32 402 2,004 36,010
Totals .............................................. 628,342| 67,265 38,135 103,645 128,768 13,623 7,432 6,043 17,681 600,931

C171

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

é
Tabla of Z/zc [Vin/ma?” of ”527073, etc.-— (Continued)
SLEIGHS.
59th at 72d st. 79th st. 90th st 59th st. 72d st. 85th st. 96th st. Iooth st 110th st.
MONTHS. an and and and and and and an and an

5th av 5th av. 5th av. 5th av 8th av. 8th av. 8th av. 87th av. 8th av 6th ave.
January ................................................... IO ............................................ . ..... . .......................................
February ................................................ . 6,164 220 174 292 1,179 53 105 3+ 13-} 7’92I
March .................................................... 3,874 172 114 195 712 96 72 39 7I 4,940
April....... .................................................................................................................................... . ...............
May . . .. ......................................................................................................................................................
June. ... . . . ....................................................................................................................................................
July. . ........................................................................................................................................................ .
August ........................................................................................................................................................
September .....................................................................................................................................................
October ...... . .................................................................................................................................................
November..... ............................................ . .. ......... . ......... . ............................ .......... .........
December...... .......................................... -. 6,534 317 239 283 593 19 .................... 92 1,991
Totals ...................................... a ......... 1 6,:372 709 527 770 2,484 168 177 72 297 14,8452

VELOCIPEDES.
59th st 72d st. 79th st goth st. 64th st 59th st 59th st 59th st. 72d st. 110th st.
MONTHS. an and and an and and and and and and

5th av 5th av. 5th av 5th av. 5th av 6th av 7th av 8th av. 8th av. 6th av.
January ............................................ . .......................................... . ................................ l ........................... . . .
February .............................................. . . . . .................... . . ..............................................................................
NIarch .........................................................................................................................................................
April. ........................................................................................................................... ' ............................. .
:May ...................................................... 228 ......................................................................................... .
June ......................................................................................................... . ............................................... .

ul ....................................................... 4 .........................................................................................
August .................................................... . ..................................................................................... . .....
September ................................................. 2 ...................................................................................... . .
October ......................................................... ‘ ............................................................................................. .
November ................................................................................................................... . ................................ .
December .............................. ................................................................................................... .
Tolale .............................................. 234 .................................................................................... . . . . . .

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9171

 

:T ABLE (if 1126 Numécr of Visitors at Me Park during vac/t want/z f or flag past gig/at years.

¢

 

 

 

 

 

 

1863. 1864. 1865. 1866.
MONTHS.

g E: V; g E u; g g u? g E v?

E 5‘ E E E E Z a E E E g
January ............................. 51,462 3,952 38,069 555,668 3,953 83,246 658,741 1,641 77,364 240,964 2,755 992917
February ........................... 49,080 3,489 49,344 134,322 6,244 55,038 163,383 4,472 70,768 290,191 3,897 63,329
LIarch .............................. 41,064 4,490 44,520 90,630 7,635 67,757 77,743 6,191 . 86,548 64,200 5,943 73,754
April .............................. . 115,764 10,094 79,095 95,386 14,192 87,575 188,019 11,344 125,864 77,141 3,882 53,028
May .............. . ................ . 137,999 449 3,618 151,678 13,533 147,344 191,527 10,386 126,789 269,604 12,394 165,363
June ................................ 159,779 12,630 110,792 121,574 14,802 111,253 299,974 11,874 153,279 375,160 13,390 1631563
July. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 89,160 9,378 92,363 380,165 8,085 242,511 467,729 8,750 146,023 313,851 6,372 130,924
August. . . . . . . ....................... 189,366 12,250 115,970 186,016 4,778 82,924 467,665 9,705 157,756 330,01 I 5,321 115,691
September. . . . . . . . . . . ............... 181,850 9,211 163,600 225,256 5,288 92,159 340,355 9,985 180,526 356,881 7,331 154,127
October. . . . . . ..... . ................. 150,418 10,035 108,531 148,488 9,395 98,112 205,444 10,429 104,709 242,641 12,135 363,135
November. . . . . .‘ .................... 75,321 9,195 50,990 87,291 9,308 92,361 94,578 8,097 124,431 125,049 8,582 134,618
December. . . . . ................ - ..... 227,163 5,551 65,558 118,625 3,184 81,281 63,898 5,486 71,184 327,199 4,755 62,459
Totals... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,469,335 90,724 922,450 2,295,199 100,397 1,148,161 3,219,056 98,360 1,425,241 3,412,892 86,757 1,579,808

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

£171

STATEMENT s/zowing Sunday attendance at the Park, by moat/gs, during {/16 years 1864, 1865 and 1866.

 

 

1866.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1864. 1865.
‘ .
January-um: ........... 134,738 757 9,88I 11,097 133,477 ml 6,569 4,404 129,200 323 8,363 6,453
February ................. 68,355 1,231 14,972 , ........ 21,755 319 7,293 ...... 71,533 486 9,403 ......

March ................ _. . . 59,458 1,755 16,911 ........ 38,279 1,152 16,840 ...... 30,657 782 12,332 ......

April. . . .I ................ 50,245 2,631 15,552 ........ 107,543 2,232 27,346 ...... 73,064 1,432 32,702 .....

May .................... 1 15,493 1,880 30,601 ,,,,,,,, 58,988 1, 186 17,122 ...... 149,846 1,960 28,4 ’2 ......

June .................... 74, 707 1 ,997 16,561 ........ 1 18,982 1,663 26,509 ...... 121,849 1,025 20,297 ......

July ..................... 135,673 1,416 29,486 ........ 171,738 1,626 31,097 ...... 125,517 1,289 25,655 ......

August. ................. 55,293 540 1 1,400 ........ 106,430 1,595 27,476 ...... 127,784 954 24,184 ......

September ............... 51,287 576 12,962 ........ 107,416 2,153 34,205 ...... 153,624 1,496 37,637 ......

October ................. 46,698 1, 196 16,749 ........ 90,522 1,832 32,736 ...... 104,022 1,312 22, 1 1 7 ......

November ................ 32,634 1,478 15,728 ........ 40,630 1,386 24,450 ...... 47,440 1,144 20,364 I ......
December ............... 57,542 403 7,793 9,624 26,113 810 10,748 4,989 101,536 886 13,684‘ :6
i _ Totals ............. 882,123 15,860 1198’590 20,721 1,021,873 16,155 262,373 9,393 1,226,072 ' 13,080 255,220 6,479

 

 

 

9171

S’l‘ATEMENT slowing Sunday az‘z‘eizdance at

tile Par/a, 6y mom‘lzs, during z‘lzeycars 1867 and 1868.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1867. 1868.
MONTHS. é é . é a .

'0 8* A: -—< "d 5 .2 ._

:3 m :3 5% 93 5 § %
January ....................... 1 16,570 226 5,488 17,279 193,167 421 8,245 ............
February ...................... 24,666 526 7,296 969 81,094 185 3, I70 6, 544
March ......................... 43,699 1,305 19,822 2,746 65,473 715 12,245 ............
April .......................... 161,768 2,460 30,759 ............ 57,082 1,254 17,441 ............
Nay ........................... 1 17,852 1,666 23,982 ............ 136,790 1,599 28,302 ............
June .. ......................... 129,725 1,234 23,821 ............ 161,734 939 30,336 ............
july ........................... 123,578 984 27,589 ____________ 105,315 875 20,462 ............
August ........................ 130,676 812 24,402 ............ 179,695 949 28,253 ............
September .......... ' ........... 161, 1 15 1,365 32,096 ............ 69,309 849 20,75 1 ............
October .......... . .............. 104,791 1,285 33,094 ............ 105,524 1,281 29,748 ............
November ...................... 30,65 7 929 16,966 ............ 75,287 1,223 30,527 ............
December ...................... 25,807 749 1 1,791 8,322 25,374 203 4, 193 2,059
Totals ................... 1, 170,898 13,540 257,066 29,316 1,237,844 10,494 233,673 8,603

 

 

 

6171

1

STATEMENT slzowz'ng Sunday attendance at the Park, 5y months, during the years 1869 and 1870.

 

 

MONTHS.

1869.

1870.

 

Pedestrians .

Equestrians.

Vehicles.

Sleighs.

.Velocipedes.

Pedestrians.

strlans.

Eque

Vehicles.

Sleighs.

Velocipedes .

 

January
February................1..............
March.............
Apnl...
ZMay......................... ..........
June;............................ .....
August...........................
September...........................’....
October.................................
November.........1.....,...............

December..............................

Totals...................,......

1 13,090
54,495
56,217

101,426

106,866

I4417,97

162,572
219,684
104,901
89,629
52,847
18,855

625

671‘

675
1,215
904
635
577
819
776
807
668

216

14,813
12,500
18,683
24,006
28,720
15,626
23,297
31,005
23:149
20,272
21,188

5,554

6,347
1,247

ODIuooooouod

00.00.001.01

76

0.0.0.000...
0.00.0.0...-
400
245
...-IOIDOOOI
5

71.517
60,492
I 44,100
99,299
178,103
i97,074
148,887
103,968
1 18,391
75,937
31562
32:93I

487
593
503
859
1,227
797
' 899
558
891
2,496
945
665

16,107
8 I3:703
10,178
19,256
29,188
30,456
26,624.
28,538
41:772
40,477

' 22,527

22.494 .

can‘t-......

ouch-oooool.

unucnuooaoo-

...-no.1...-

...-0.000...

oucc-o-Ooc-I

...T..'.....
..f.........
............
.......o....
............
...........o
............
............
............
CUIOOlo-IOOII
IC-CQtIQIOO"

cal-0000....

 

 

1,225,379

 

8,588

 

238.893

 

7.670

650

 

 

1,162,261

 

10,920

 

301,320

 

1,661

 

091"

 

 

 

 

 

.151

PUBLIC SQUARE OR PLACE KNOWN AS MORNINGSIDE PARK.

The Commissioners of Estimate and Assessment appointed by
the Supreme Court in the year 1869, upon the application of the
Commissioners of Central Park, to assess the damage and benefit
for acquiring title to the public square or place known as
Morningside Park, laid out by said last named Commissioners,
made their report, which was confirmed by the Supreme Court,
on the. twenty-eighth day of July, 1870.

The cost of the land included within the limits of this
public square or place is $1,716,186.40, of which the sum of
$823,499.40 was assessed upon the. city, and $892,687 laid on
the property benefited.

PUBLIC SQUARE OR PLACE AT JUNCTION OF THE BOULEVARD
AND SIXTY-THIRD STREET.

The proceedings for taking the triangular piece of ground,
bounded by the Boulevard, Sixty-third street, and Ninth ave-
nue, declared to be a public place by the prov1sions of chapter
689, Laws of 1867, were confirmed by the Supreme Court on
the twenty-second day of December, 1870. The total amount
awarded was $153,400, of which $76,900 was assessed on the

property benefited, and $76,500 assessed against the city.

NORTH END OF ISLAND.
Kzfigsérz'dge Road VVz'a’mz'ng and Swag/aiming.

Pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 565, Laws of 1865,
the Department directed that proceedings be taken to acquire
title to all the lands embraced within the lines of and required
for the widening and straightening of Kingsbridge road, from
the southerly side of One Hundred and Fifty-fifth street to the
Harlem river, near Kingsbridge, and the Supreme Court ap-

pointed Thomas J. Creamer, Henry Parsons, and James H.

2

(’1

I

Coleman, Commissioners of Estimate and Assessment, for that

purpose, on the tenth day of October, 1870.

PUBLIC SQUARES OR PLACES KNOWN AS FORT WASHINGTON

POINT PARKS.

At the request of property—holders at the north end of the
Island, the proceedings authorized by the Department to ac—
quire title to the public squares or places known as Fort
\Vashington Point Parks, laid out by the Commissioners of
Central Park, were, by a resolution 01 the Department, adopted
December 6, 1870, discontinued.

By the provisions of Chapter 290, Laws of 1871, these public
squares or places were closed and discontinued on the map or

plan of the city.‘

THE BOULEVARD, FROM THE CIRCLE AT FIFTY-NINTH STREET TO
ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH STREET-

The total expenditure made on account of regulating, grading,
and improving the Boulevard, from the Circle at Fifty—ninth
street to One Hundred and Fifty-fifth street, since the com—
mencement of the work on the twenty—first day of September,
1868, to the thirty—first day of December, 1870, is $1,340,520.53.

Portions of this improvement have been opened to public
use, and the work is being vigorously pressed in its entire

length, and will be completed at an early day.

THE SIXTH AVENUE, NORTH OF THE CENTRAL PARK.

The work of regulating, grading. and improving the Sixth
avenue, from the Central Park at One Hundred and Tenth
street, to the Harlem river, is rapidly approaching completion.
The total expenditure on account of this work from July ,7,

1868, to the‘thirty-first day of December, 1870, 15 $394,344.17,

153

of which the amount of $217,465.69, for grading work, sep—
arate from that of superstructure work, has been transmitted

to the Board of Assessors for assessment and collection.

THE SEVENTH AVENUE, NORTH OF THE CENTRAL PARK.

On account of the work of regulating, grading, and im—
proving the Seventh avenue, from the Central Park at One
Hundred and Tenth street to the Harlem river, there has been
expended since the commencement of the work, which is being
done by contracts made with Messrs. J. H. Sullivan & Co.
and Thomas Crimmins, up to the thirty—first day of December,
I870, the amount of $516,683.35, which does not include a bal-

ance of percentage of $93,756, reserved under the contracts.

THE AVENUE ST. NICHOLAS, NORTH OF THE CENTRAL PARK.

The expenditure on account of the work of regulating,
grading, and improving the Avenue St. Nicholas, from the
Central Park at One Hundred and Tenth street to One Hun—
dred and Fifty—fifth street, up to the thirty—first day of Decem-
ber, 1870, is $81,821.81.

IMPROVEMENT OF CERTAIN PARTS OF WESTCHESTER COUNTY,

HARLEM RIVER AND SPUYTEN DUYVIL CREEK.

Pursuant to the provisions of an actientitled “An act for
the improvement of certain parts of VVestchester County, Har—
lem river, and Spuyten Duyvil creek,” passed May 11.. 1869,
and an act in part amendatory thereof, entitled “An act to
provide a plan for the improvement of portions of the Coun—
. ties of ‘vVestchester and New York, and to provide facilities
of communicatiOn between said counties,” passed May 19, 1870,
it. was made the duty of the Department to survey that part
of the County of VVestchester lying west of the New York,
Harlem,and Albany Railroad, south of the southerly line .of

154

the Village of Yonkers, and a line in continuation thereof, for
the purpose of preparing maps, plans, and profiles showing,
such changes and improvements as may be made in existing
streets, avenues and roads within such area, with benefit to
the property affected and to the public interest, and for estab-
lishing the location of such streets, avenues, roads, and public
squares and ’places as may be laid out or discontinued with
like benefit; to provide plans for the proper sewerage and
drainage of the land within the said area, and for the supply
of pure and wholesome water therefor; to prepare plans for
the improvement of the Harlem river and Spuyten Duyvil
creek, plans and locations of all bridges, tunnels, and other
means of transit across or under said river or creek, and to.
the building or constructing of any and all such bridges, tun-
nels, etc.; also to make requisition on the Counties of New
York and VVestchester to obtain the moneys necessary to be
raised by said Counties respectively, to carry out the provi-
si0ns of the said acts. The whole area embraced in said acts
covers about 8,400 acres; the preliminary surveys and maps
of about 4,000 acres have been made, and are being collated
and reduced to working form preparatory to laying out the
roads, avenues, etc.

The receipts and expenditures on account of this work

during the year are as follows:

Town of 1/1/55! Farms.

Receipts ............................................ $10,000 00

Disbursements ....................................... 9,865 26

 

Balance ........................................ $1 34 74 .

155

Town of Yonkers.

Receipts. .5 ......... . . . . .............................. $10,000 00
Disbursements ....................................... 9,948 40
Balance ............................... l ......... 51 60

Estimates for carrying on the surveys during the year 1871
were made and transmitted to the Supervisors of the County,

on the 23d day of November, as follows:

Town of West Farms ............................... $20,000 00
Town of Yonkers.............; ............ ' ......... 20,000 00

Total .......................................... $40,000 00

The avails of the amount required from the Town of West
Farms will be reduced by the certificates of indebtedness issued
by the Supervisor and Town Clerk of West Farms to the
amount of $9,355.10, for surveys made under the late Commis-

Sioners of the Central Park in said town.

HARLEM RIVER AND SPUYTEN DUYVIL CREEK IMPROVEMENT.
Balance April 20, 1870 ............................. $9,37I 80
The payments on this account from April 20th to

December 31, 1870, are as follows. '

 

Surveys, engineers, etc .................... $845 78
Stationery and drawing materials .......... 73 84
919 62
Balance ................................ $8,452 18
PURCHASES.

The purchases of tools. materials, etc., under the immediate

supervision of this Bureau, have been made judiciously and

156

economically, the articles in use being bought at wholesale
prices, and in every instance at the lowest market rates. No
little difficulty has been experienced in procuring the necessary
materials required in the construction of the Boulevard and
avenues, large quantities of rock and earth filling and broken
stone for road beds being needed, and the scarcity of the same
in the immediate vicinity of these works have been found very
embarrassing.

PROPERTY CLERK.

The Property Clerk’s Department attached to this Bureau is
not only responsible for the receipt of the property of the
Department, but for its safe keeping and delivery to the force
as required in the work. An inventory of tools, materials, etc.,'
the property of the Department, prepared by the Property
Clerkannually, is on file.

He has also the charge of the Pound for stray animals, and
makes monthly returns to the Treasurer of all moneys received
for the same. Sales of grass, and of old materials deemed by

the Treasurer unfit for use, are returned weekly.

DISBURSING OFFICE.

The Disbursing office attached to this Bureau is under con-
trol of a gentleman who" has been connected with that office

for the past ten years.

In addition to the accounts incidental to the keeping of the
time, preparation of the pay—rolls, and the disbursement of the
moneys due thereon, that office has been charged with various
duties, but all connected directly with the force employed.

The force of mechanics and laborers are paid on'ce in two
weeks. In making such payments arrangements have been made

to inconvenience the work as little as possible; the time of

157

the force is economized to the fullest possible extent for the
benefit of the Department.

A suitable wagon has been provided for the conveyance of ‘
the Disbursing Clerk, with the funds in his charge, protected
by park—keepers, from point to point, where the various gangs,

are employed and the payments there made

i I
= BUREAU ATTACHES.

Immediately upon the organization of the Department, the
labors of this Bureau were greatly increased in consequence of
the jurisdiction of the Department being extended over all the
public parks, squares, and places of the city.

It affords me much pleasure to acknowledge the fidelity and
zeal which have characterized the labors of the gentlemen at—
tached to this Bureau, each one in his particular capacity at
all times evincing a desire to promote the advancement of the
interests of the Department.

To my Assistant, Mr. E. P. Barker, I am particularly in-
debted; his long connection with the office rendering his services

at all times invaluable.

GEO. M. VAN NORT,
Comptroller.

Dated, NEW YORK, May I, 1871. ,

 

 

Projecting Rock.

 

 

 

 

APPENDIX A.

 

Statement in detail of tie gz'fz’s, devises, ana’ éeqnesz‘s, during l/ze

past year, for Me purpose of einéellzk/zz'ng or ornainenz‘z'ng tne

Park, and Me names of Z/ze Jbem‘ons 5y whom i/ze same are so

given, a’em'sea’, 07' éegneaZ/zea'.

1870.

January 20.

February I.

“ 2.
“ 17.
fl . 17.
H I7.
.. 27

March 8.

“ 28

Miscellaneous.

Mr. J. H. 'Burleson, Ann Arbor, Mich, bark of the
big tree of California.

Capt. B. F. Marsh, ship Rattler, one piece Sponge.

Mr. John Hamill, New York City, model of Fire
Engine and Fire Cap.

Mr. T. W. C. Moore, New York City, one Ant
Eater’s Skin.

Master E. Callian, New York City, one specimen in
alc<*>hol——-Alligator.

Hon. Vincent Colyer, Washington, D. C., one Seal

Skin Canoe, from Alaska.

. Master John Herdtmann, New York City, One model

of Swiss Cottage. ,

Mr. T. P. Rousseau, New York City, one pair Elk
Horns.

Mr. John Nichols, New York City, Map of the City
of Jeddo, Japan. I l

I 8 70.
April

H

(C

June

(K

October

November 9.

26.
26.

I4.

15.

16.

22.

37-

8.

II.

II.

162

. Mr. Thomas Jacques, New Ydrk City, one prepared

specimen—Iguana.
Dr. J. J. Hayes, Skull of a Narwhal.
Mr. F. Hanesen, Godhaven, Greenland, Skeleton of

a Seal.

. Mr. George W. Kline, New York City, three speci-

mens of Minerals.

Mr. E. F. Sanford, Brooklyn, N. Y., II specimens of
Minerals.

Mr. George W. Kline, New York City, I collection
of Minerals.

Mr. J. Anderson, New York City, I specimen of Fish
in alcohol.

Mr. Frank Daulte, New York City, I collection of
Fossil Shells. '

Mr. John Seaman, New York City, I specimen in
alcohol, Sea Maid. ‘
Lieut. J. L. Mast, through Lieut. F. W. Ring, U. S.
N., skeleton and skin of a \Valrus.

Captain Horatio Nelson, steamship Cortes, I Hor—
net’s Nest.

Mr. Peter Connolly, New York City, Horse Pistol
found in Deep Gully, N. C., during the late war.

Mrs. Arnold Lustig, I piece of Shell and Chassepot
Bullet picked up at Sedan.

December 15. Mr. H. Olliver, New York City, I skin, Cynoceph—

alus.

I870.

163

Botanical.

January ‘10. Mr. Joshua Jones, New York City, I package Seeds.
February 17. Mr. Hugh Taylor, New York City, I Oleander.

April

June

H

July

1870.

January

H

Feb.

3‘

8.

Mr. John Cunningham, New York City, I package
Mahogany Seed.

8. Mr. Ludwig Wiener, New York City, box of Plants

from Cape of Good Hope.

Collection of Bermuda Grass.

6. Messrs. Spofford Brothers & Co., New York'City,

15.
r 22.

28.

specimens of the Peta Plant.

Animals. .

. Mr. Donald McMullan, I Muskrat (D).
. Mr. William Golding, \Vest Hoboken, N. J., 2 White

Mice (D).
Master Leander Powers, 'New York. City, 2 Marmo—
sets (I D).

.' Mr. William Ward, New York City, I Hawk.
. Mr. Roswell D. Hatch, New York City, I Angora

Goat.

Mr. F. Cook, New York City, I Red Fox (D).

Mr. J. H. Burleson, Ann Arbor, Mich., I Horned
Owl. .

Capt. Horatio Nelson, steamship Cortes, 6 Quail (D).

Dr. George S. Kimble, Mifflinsburg, Pa., I Wild Cat
(D). i '

Mr. Fritz Uhlenhaut, New York City, 5 White Mice

(D)-

164

1870.

Feb. 9. Mr. Warren Drummond, Woodbridge, N. J., I Gos-
hawk (D).
“ 9. Lieutenant E. A. Earnest, Raleigh, N. C., I Black
Bear. _
“ II. Mr. Otis W. Booth, New York City, 3 Gray Squir-
rels. ’ '

“ II. Master D. C. Remmington, Jersey City, N. J., I
Guinea Pig (D).

“ 16. Mr. J. Brice, New York City, I pair Albino Pheas-
ants. _ '

“ I 7. Mr. Granville Whittlesey, New York City, I Mink
(D).

March I. Mr. W. H. Radford, New York City, I2 Quail.

“ 3. Mr. M. D. Vandenveyde, New York City, I Horned
Toad (D).

“ 7. Mr. W. H. Radford, New York City, 2 Quail.

“ 15. Master John M. Gamble, Morristown, N. j., I White-

I faced Monkey.

April , 1. Master Lawrence Jacob, Concord, N. H., I Raccoon.

“ I. Mr. B. F. Crane, New York City, I Ferret.

“ 9. Messrs. J. M. Sublett & Co., Richmond, Va., 2 Deer
(I D).

“ 20. Mr. E. D. Seeley, East Bloomfield, N. J., I Horned
Owl. .

“ 20. Mr. W. H. S. Wood, New York City, I small Alli-
gator.

“ 25. Mr. C. D. Eckerson, Saddle River, N. J., I Barred
Owl.

May 4. Hon. August Belmont, New York City, 2 Virginia

Deer.

June

H

12.

13.
14.

I7.
17.
17.

I 7.
20.

20.

21.

23.

26.
28.

31.

165

Mr. John Akhurst, Brooklyn, N. Y., I Sea Gull (D).

Mr. J. W. Manning,‘New York City, I Woodchuck
(D). '

Mr. A. Beekman, New York City, I Horned Owl (D).

Hon. August Belmont, New York City, 3 Canada
Wild Geese.

Mr. Alfred Mason, New York City, I Coatimundi.

Mr. A. G. Spies, Brooklyn, N. Y., 2 Gray Foxes.

Mr. A. H. Barney, New York City, I Albino Fallow
Deer.

Mr. J. Brice, New York City, 3 Silky Fowls (D).

Mr. Seymour Burrell, New York City, I Monkey.

Mrs. Joanna Ebbitts, New York City, I Raccoon.

Mr. Edward Cauret, New YOrk City, I Painted
Turtle (D). '

. Mr. George W. Kline, New York City, 3 Turtles

(D). .

Mrs. M. L. Leavenworth, New York City, I pair
White Rats. '

Dr. Noah C. Levings, New York City, I Robin.

Mr. Frederick Simons, New York City, I VVood-
chuck (D).

Master Frank Schneider, New York City, I Horned
Owl.

Mr. William J. Schofield, New York City, 8 White
Rats.

Mr. T. Bailey Meyers, New York City, I Mar- 7
moset.

Mr. C. 'Ryan, New York City, 30 Terrapin.

Capt. W. S. Cheeseman, New York City, I Purple
Gallinule (D). '

1870.

June

H

Au gust

(t

fl

“

IO.

14.

15.

28.

29.
29.

29.

I4.

14.

19.

23.

I3.

15.

15.
24.

166

Mr. John W. Kelso, New York City, I Loon or
Great Northern Diver.

Master William C. Bell, New York City, I Rab-
bit.

Dr. William W. Strew, New York City, 2 Young
Raccoons (D).

Mr. James Hutchinson, Greenpoint, L. I., I Peli-
can (D).

Mr. E. R. Kirk, New York City, I Horned Toad.

Mr. Stephen H. Feeks, Champaign, 1115., 2 Rac-
coons. ‘

Mr. Henry Macy, New York City, I Alligator.

Mr. Thomas Dunlap, New York City, I Squirrel.

Mr. James Kent, Jr., Fishkill, N. Y., I Hawk.

Mr. O. Kofstochny, Jersey City, N. J., I Alligator.

Mr. F. F. Georger, New York City, 2 Parrakeets
(i D).

Mr. Edward H. Bell, Antistown, Penn, I Swan
(D).

.Mr. Charles Arent, New York City, I Black

Squirrel.

Master Henry Kroeger, New York City, I pair
Rabbits. '

Mr. H. E. VVitherspoon, New Orleans, 2 Loons (D).

Mr. Marshall H. Rose, New York City, ,1 Black
Squirrel.

Capt. E. Bartlett, bark St. Peter, 3 Hawk’s—bill Tur—
tles (D). .

Mrs. W. P. Walker, New York City, I Red Fox.

Mr. W. De Peyster, New York City, I Macaw.

1870.
Sept.

(K

6‘

October

(K

(C

(K

N

‘C

167

Dr. M. Cook, Utica, N. Y., I White—faced Monkey.

6. Miss Margaret McCabe, New York City, I Robin.

I4.
21.

2I.
. Dr. S. W. Francis, Newport, R. I., 2 Guinea Pigs,

IO.

12.

I4.

15.
24.

25.
28.

17.

Mr. Stephen McIntosh, Staten Island, I iGray
Squirrel.
Master Edward Gerstle, New York City, I Ring

Dove. '
Mr. John Daly, New York City, I Chipmunk (D).

I Snapping Turtle (D).

Colonel Figyelmesy, U. S. Consul at Demerara,
I Boa Constrictor (D).

Mr. Sanders, New York City, 2 Alligators.

Mr. Franklin Ames, I Rabbit.

Mr. John W. Vaughn, Newbern, N. C., I Black
Bear.

Mr. Thomas F. Booth, New York City, I Horned
Owl.

Hon. Hamilton Fish, Washington, D. C., 2 Curas—
sows.

I Crane.

Hon. Hamilton Fish, Washington, D. C., 6 Wild
Turkeys.

Col. Rhodes, Quebec, I Loon (D).

Hon. Hamilton Fish, Washington, D. C., I 'Bittern.

Capt. Horatio Nelson, steamship Cortes, I Bird
Hawk.

Mr. James Costello, New York City, 2 Fan-tailed

Pigeons.

‘Mr. Edward Grimm, New York City, 1 Lobn (D).

fl

5‘

Dec.

4‘

(6

u

‘5

18.

23.
29.
. Mr. P. Flannagan, New York City, 2 Spanish

13.
17.
19.

19.
19.

27.

168

Dr. John Frederick, New York City, I Muscovy
Duck. .

Mr. W. P. Millen, Brooklyn, L. I., 2 Antelopes.

Mr. Patrick Donohoe, New York City, I Owl.

Rabbits.
Mr. S. M. Harris, New YorkCity, I Red Fox.
Rev. T. J. Mooney, New York City, I Owl.
Mrs. H. M. Heuberer, New York City, I White
Calf. V
Hon. William Bergen, New York City, I Eagle.
Mr. Joseph P. Herd, Rockdale, Pa., 2 White Guinea
Fowls.
Mr. William Crozier, Northport, L. L, I Shep-
herd’s Dog.

 

Rock Group.

West of the Terrace.

 

 

 

APPENDIX B.

GEORGE M. VAN NORT, Esq.,
Comptroller Department of Puélz'c Parks:

SIR,——l herewith submit the following, being a list of animals
in the Menagerie, from April 1, 1870, to April 1, 1871, together
With the names of species that have been exhibited for the
first time; also the number of animals bred on the Park.

I am gratified to state that the animals have been benefited
greatly by their removal to the buildings recently construCted
for their use.

Very respectfully,
W. A, CONKLIN.

April, 1871.

Mammalia.

Order: QUADRUMANA.
Family : Sz'mz'aa’ce.
Genus : Samrzopz't/zecus.
S. maurus (Schreb.), Moor Monkey. Haé. Java. a. Depos-
ited for exhibition September 26, 1870. I

Genus : armpit/team.

C. cattz'trz'c/zus, Is. Geoff, Green Monkey. Haé. West Africa.
4,5. Purchased January 17, 1871.

172

C. Zaiana’z'z', Is. Geofi'., Vervet Monkey. Ha5. South Africa.
a. ReceiVed in exchange. 5. [Purchased March 21, 1871.

C. grzlveo-w'rz'dz's, Desm., Grivet Monkey. Ha5. Northeast
Africa. 5. Presented by Mr. Seymour Bunell, May 20, 1870.,
5. Purchased March 21, 1870.

Genus: Macacus.
M. eryt/zraeus (Schreb.), Rhesus Monkey. H415. India. a. De-
posited for exhibition March 24, 1871.

Genus: Cynocep/zalus.
C. parcarz’us (Bodd.), Chacma Baboon. H45. South Africa.
a. Deposited for exhibition.
C. mormon, Desm., Mandrill. Ha5. West ‘Africa. 5. Fur-
chased January 17, 1871.

Family: Ce5z'a’w.
Genus: Aides.
.A. ater, F. Cuv., Black—faced Spider Monkey. Ha5. Brazil.
a. Purchased March 21, 1871.

Genus: Ce5us.
C. apella' (Briss.), Brown Capuchin Monkey. H425. Guiana.
(1. Presented March, 1871.
C. fiypo/eucus, Geoffl, White-throated Sapajou. H55. Central
America. 4. Presented by Master John M. Gamble, March 15,
1870. 5. Presented by Miss Maria L. WTright, March 6, 1871, '

Genus: Hapalc.
H. jaw/ms (Linn), Marmoset MOnkey.‘ H55. Brazil. a, 5.
Presented by Master Leander Powers, January 9, 1870. 5. Pre_

sented by T. Bailey Meyers, Esq., June 3, I870.

173

Order: CARNIVORA.
Family: Felz'dae.
Genus: Felzls‘.

F. lea, Linn., Lion. Haé. Airica and Southwestern Asia.
amc. Deposited for exhibition December I, 1870. d, e. Depos-
ited for exhibition February 2, 1871. f, g. Deposited for ex—
hibition March 16, I87I.

F. varz'us, Gray., African Leopard. Hal). Africa. 4. Presented
by A. A. Silver, Esq., U. S. Commercial Agent, Africa, Oc-
tober 3,, 1868. 5. Deposited for exhibition March 16, 1871.

F. leopardus, Linn., Indian Leopard. Hal). Asia. at. Depos-
ited for exhibition, 1869.

F. leopardus maids, Linn., Black Leopard. flab. Asia. at. De-
posited for exhibition February 24, 1871.

F. concolor, Linn., Puma or American Panther. H615. North
and South America. 4. Presented by Brigadier—General N. B.
McLaughlin, U. S. A., November 17, 1868. 5. Presented by
Philip Figyelmesy, Esq., U. S. Consul, Demerara, April 28,
1869. c, d. Born in the menagerie, September 2, 1870. e.

Purchased January 12, I87I.

F pardalzk, Linn., Ocelot. Hal}. Texas and South America.
4. Presented by Mr. Philip Nemegyei, May 8, 1866.

F. domesz‘z'cus, Linn., Angora Cat. Haé. Asiatic Turkey. a.
Presented by Mr. O’Brien, June 2, 1869.

Genus: Lynx.
Lynx rufus, Rafi, Wild Cat. Haé. North America. a. Pre—
sented by Captain M. S. Woodhull, steamship Manhattan, Au-
gust 15, 1867.

174

Family: Cam'dae-
GeHUS: Cam's. ,

C. latmm, Say, Praire Wolf. flab. Western United States.
a. Presented by Mr. A. M. Allerton, June 25, 1864. é. Pre-
sented by Mr. W. H. Beard. March 7, 1871..
C. famz’lz’arz's, Linn., Domestic Dog. Hat}.
foundland var., presented. by Mr, Milton Caldwell, Sept. 21,
1869. 5. Greyhound var.,, presented by Mr. David Auchen- ’
back, July 27, 1866. 6. Shepherd var., presented by Mr Wil-

liam Crozier, December 27, 1870. d, e. Pug var., presented by

 

a. New-

Mr. James Boarer, February 25, 1871.

Genus. Vulpes.
V. fulwzs, Desm., Red Fox. Haé. North Amerirra. a. Pre_
sented by Mr. S. M. Harris, December 13, 1870.
V. w'rgz'm'mms, Rich., Gray Fox. Haé. United States. a, 5.
Presented by Mr. A. G. Spies, May 17, 1870. 6. Presented
by Mr. William Class, March 15, 1871.

Family: Vz'wrrz'a’ae.
_ Genus: Vz'wrm.
V. msse, Horsf., Rasse. Haé. Java. a. Presented by Mr.
Charles J. VVirner, Aug. 31, 1868.

Genus: Herpesz‘es.
I]. grzkeus (Geoffi), Gray Ichneumon. H45. India. a. Pre-
sented by Mr. Fred. A. Farrell, November 29, 1869.

Family: fl/[usz‘elz'dm
Genus: Putorz'zzs.
P. w'son, Rich., Common Mink. Hal}. United States. (2.
Presented by Mr. Granville VVhittlesey, February I 7, 1870.
P. furo Linn., Ferret. H45. Spain and Barbary. a—c. ‘Pre-

 

 

MUSEUM.

CENTRAL PARK

(Zoological Department.)

 

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a:

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‘ ,./ .4, . 7/
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ii?
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illlnllll'l'lill‘ ‘ ; 1: 1‘ 1 , ‘
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175

sented by Master George W. Cornell, February 13, 1869,
(2’. Presented by Mr. B. F. Crane, April I, 1870. U

Family: Ursz'dczz.
Genus: Procyon.

P. Zoz‘or, Storr., Raccoon. Hal). United States. a, 5. Pre-
sented by Mr. James Y. Gibson, October 12, 1868. c. Pre-
sented by Mr. D. A. Turner, February 20, 1869. 2’. Presented
by Mr. Robert J. Savage, April 19, 1869. 6. Presented by
Captain W. L. Pennington, May 7, 1869. f. Presented by Mr.
John Hormamm, September 16, 1869. g. Presented by Master

Lawrence Jacob, April 1, 1870.

Genus: Nasua.
JV. 7msz°m (Linn), Coati. H05. South America. a. Presented
by John Robinson, M. D., January 2, 1866.

Genus: Ursus.

U. Izorrg'éz'lz's, Ord., Grizzly Bear. H625. Western United
States. a. Presented by Mr. T. C. Durant, November 28, 1868.
5. Presented, by Major—General William Meyers, U. S. A., OC-
tober 21, 1869.

U. amerz'amus, Pall., Black Bear. Hal). North America. 'a.
Presented by Mr. C. A. Bussell, October 27, 1866. &. Presented
by Hon. J. D. Caton, May 17, 1867. 5. Presented by Mr.
John J. Crooke, August 8,1868. 0’. Presented by Colonel E.
H. Durlee, U. S. A., August 24, 1868. e. Deposited for exhi—
bition, April 24, 1869. f. Presented by Hon. John T. Deweese,
June 21, 1869. g. Presented by Lieutenant C. A. Earnest,
U. S. A., February 9, 1870.

U. amerz'amus, var. cinnamoneus, Aud. and Bach., Cinnamon
Bear. Hal). Western United States. a, 5. Presented by Major-
General Winfield S. Hancock, U. S. A., September 2, I869.

176

U. malaymzus, Rafli., Sun Bear. Hab. India. (2. Presented.
by Washington Irving, U. S. N., September 12, 1868.

Order: RODENTIA.
Family: Scz'zm'a’w.
Genus: Scz'urus.

S. vulpz'nus (Linn.), Southern Fox Squirrel. Hezé. Southern
United States. a. Presented by Mr. William McFarland, Au-
gust 30, 1869.

S. carolz'nmsz's, Gm., Gray Squirrel. flab. United States. a,
5. Presented by Mr. Otis_\V. B00th, February 11, 1870. 6.
Presented by Mr. Thomas Dunlap, July 6, 1870. (1’. Presented
by Mr. Stephen McIntosh, September 14, 1870. 3. Presented
by Master James R.‘Ely, February 27, 1871.

S. carolz'nmsz's, var. mger, Bach, BlaCk Squirrel. Hab. United
States. 4. Presented by Mr. Charles Arent, August I, 1870.
[7. Presented by Mr. Marshall H. Rose, August 13, 1870.

Genus: Tamz’as‘.
T. sz‘rz'az‘us, Linn., Striped Squirrel. Had. Northern United
States and Canada. a. Presented by Mr. John Daley, Septem-

ber 21, 1870.

' Genus. Cynomys.
C. [udom'cz'anus (0rd), Prairie Dog. H45. Western United
States. a, 6. Presented by Mr. Henry Keep, Noyember 25,.
1868.

Genus: Arcz‘omys.
_ _ A. mmmx, Gm., Woodchuck. Haé. United States. . a. Pre-
sented by Mr. John W. Manning, May 12, 1870. 5. Presented
by Mr. Frederick Simons, May 28,1870.

I77

Family: Castorz'a’w.
Genus: Caslor.
C. canaa’msis, Kuhl., American Beaver. Haé. Northern United
States and Canada. a, 5. Purchased 1870.

Family: Manda.
Genus: Mus.
M mints, var. aléz'no, Linn., White Rat. H45. Europe. cz—
a’, Presented by Mr. William J. Schofield, June 1, 1870.
M masculus, var. aléz'no, Linn., White Mice. Hal). Europe.
a, é. Presented by Mr. Wm. Goldring, January 7, 1870.

Genus: Fiber. .
F. zz'éez‘hz'cus, Cuv., Muskrat. Had. North America. a. Pre-
sented by Mr. Donald McMillan, January 3, 1870

Family: Hystrz'cz'a’w.
Genus: Erel/zz'zon.
E. dorsaz‘us, Fa CuV., Canada Porcupine. Hab. Northern
United States and. Canada. a. Presented by Mr. J. W. Velie,
November 22, 1869.

~ Genus: Dag/fractal. .
D. agouz‘z', Ill., Agouti. Hm. South America. a. Presented
by Mr. Geo. Mills, September 3, 1867.

Genus: Celogmys.
C. paw, Rengg., Spotted Cavy. Haé. South America. a.
Presented by Mr. Robert Gordon, June 18, 1868.

Genus: Cam'a.
C. coéaz’a, Pa11., Guinea Pig. Haé. Brazil. a. Presented by
Master D. C. Remington, February 11, 1870. 5. Presented by
S W. Francis, M. D., October 5, 1870.

 

178

Family; Leporz'a’w.
Genus: Lepus.

I. cum'culus, Linn., Common Rabbit. Haé. Europe. a. Pre-
sented by Master William C. Bell, June 14, ,1870. 5. Presented
by Mr. Henry Koeger, August 2, 1870. 6. Presented by Mr.
Franklin Ames, October 10,, 1870. 6!. Presented by Mr. P.

Flannigan, December 7, 1870.

Order: PROBOSCIDEA.
Family: EZep/zam‘z'a’w.
Genus: Elep/zas.
E. z'mz’z'cus, Linn., Indian Elephant. Haé. South India. a.
Deposited for exhibition October 31, .1869. I
E. afrz'amus, Blum., Afrlcan Elephant. Md). Africa. a. De-

posited for exhibition November 15, 1870.

Order: ARTIODACTYLA.

Sub-order: Rmm'nam‘z'a.

Family: Camelz'dar

Genus: Auc/zem'a.
‘ A. lmanaco (Mol), Guanaco. Haé. Bolivia. (1. Presented by
H. Schuber, Esq., January 12, 1871.

A. glama (Linn), Llama. Ha'é. Peru. a; Deposited for ex-

hibition March 22, 1870. ‘

Genus: Camelus.
C. dromm’arz'us, Linn., Common Camel. Haé. Egypt. 124.
Deposited for exhibition. ‘ ,
V C. éacz‘rz'cmus, Linn., Bactrian Camel. H45. Central Asia. (I.

Deposited for exhibition March 26, 1871.

Family : Aizz‘z'locaprz'a’w.
Genus : Am‘z’lacapra.

A. amerz'cana (0rd), Pronghorn Antelope. H525. Western

I79

United States. a, 5. Presented by Mr. \V. P. Mellen, No—
vember 23, 1870. c. Deposited for exhibition Noyember 26,
1870. ,
Family: Bow'a’w.

Genus: 0712's. 7

O. arias, Linn., Domestic Sheep. Hab. British Islands. 149
specimens Southdown variety. 1 specimen Fat-tailed var. from
Syria. Presented by Messrs. Nichols and Hoadley, November
22, 1869. ‘

Genus : ‘ Capra.

C. Izz'rcus, Linn, Domestic Goat. a. Presented by Ernest
Friedrick, U. S. N., May 19, 1-865. 5, 6. Chinese van, pre—
sented by Mr. L. Spier, February 26, 1868. d, 6. Chinese var.,
born in the menagerie. f. Angora var., presented by Mr.
\Villiam B. Dinsmore, November I, 1869. g. Angora var., pre—

sented by Roswell D. Hatch, Esq., January 13, I870.

Genus: 07am.
0. ammz (Pall.), Eland. Haé. South Africa. a. Deposited for '
exhibition March 7, I871. '

Genus: Portax.
P. pz'cz‘a (Pall), Nylghau. Hab. India. a. Deposited for ex—
hibition March 7, 1871.

, Genus: 1305.

B. grunm'ms, Linn., Yak. Hat}. Thibet. a, é. Deposited for
exhibition March 16, 1871.

B. indicus, Linn., Zebu. H45. India. a. Presented by Cap—
tain William Brown, R. N. R., April 23, 1869. (3. Born in
the menagerie.

B. Mums, Linn., Domestic Cattle. a, 5. Kerry var., depos—

ited for exhibition. 6, d. Flores var., presented by Charles W.

180

Dabney, Esq., United States Consul, Fayal. e, f. Flores var.,
purchased. g—é. Flores var, born in the menagerie. Z. Dur~

ham var., born 1n the. menagerie.

Genus: Bison.

B. amerz'cmzus, Gm., American Bison. H25. Western United
States. 4. Presented by officers Seventh United States cavalry,
May 1, 1868. 5. Presented by Columbus Smith, Esq., January
25, 1871. ‘ '

Genus: Bum/us.
B. cafier, Sperm., Cape Buffalo. Haé. South Africa. a, 5.
Presented by Brigadier-General Meigs, U. S. A., April Io,

1865. c, d. Born in the menagerie.

Family: Ce’rw'a’ae. ,
Genus: Cerzms.

C. cmzaa’msz's, Erxl., American Elk or W'apiti. Hab. Western
United States. 4. Presented by Mr. Charles M. Elleard, De-
cember I8, 1864. 5. Presented by Hon. J. D. Caton, March
19, 1867. c, d. Born in the menagerie.

C. virgz'm'anus, Bodd., Virginia Deer. Hal). United States.
4. Presented by Mr.‘A1bert Steinway, December 16, 11865. 5.
Presented by Hon. James S. T. Stranahan, May 7, 1866. 6. Pre—
sented by Mr. Gr. T. D. Lanier, November 30, 1867. a’. Pre—
sented by Mr. William J. Pease, January 9, 1868. 6. Presented
by Mrs. James F. \Venman, March 25, 1868. f. Presented by
Mr. Turner, July 12, 1869. g. Presented by Mr Paul S. The—
baud, September 14, 1869. ll. Presented by Captain Blake,
November 9, 1869. 2'. Presented by Messrs. J. M. Sublett &
Co., April 9, 1870. j, 1’. Presented by Hon. August Belmont,
May 4, 1870. 1. Presented by Mr. \Villiam Roy, January 31,

187I. m—g. Born in the menagerie.

181

C. mexz'canus, H. Smith, Mexican. Deer. Hab. Mexico. a.
Presented by General Strum, October 27, 1868.
C. dama, Linn., Fallow Deer. Haé. British Islands. (2. Albino
var. Presented by Mr. A. H. Barney, May 14, 1870.
Genus: Axis.
A. mam/am, Gray., Axis Deer. 'Haé. India. 4. Presented by
Capt. N. Collins, U. S. N., November 25, 1867.
Family: Tragulz'dw.
Genus: Tragulus.
T. pygmaeus, Briss., Musk Deer. H45. Asiatic Islands. a, 5.
Purchased March 9, 1871.
Sub-order: Non-Rumz'nam‘z'a.
Family: Sm'dae.
Genus: Dz'coz‘y/es.
D z‘ajacu (Linn), Collared Peccary. Haé. South America. a,
5. Born in the menagerie.
D. [z'éz'atus, Cuv., White—lipped Peccary. How. South America.
4 Presented by Capt. Geo. B. Slocum, steamer Mississippi, Nov-

ember 27, 1868.
Genus: 5255.

S. scrofa, Linn., Domestic Hog. a. Chinese var. Presented
by Capt. G. Van de Gevre, ship Maria Elizabeth, May 27, 1868
5. Japanese var. Presented.

Genus: P/mcoc/zazrus.

P. zlz'am', Ruppel, Wart Hog. Haé. Abyssinia. a, é. Depos-

ited for exhibition March 16, 1871.

Order: PERISSODACTYLA.
Family: Egzzzdaz.
Genus: Eguus.
E. zebra, Linn., Common Zebra. H45. South Africa. a. De-
posited for exhibition March 16, 1871. I

182

Family: R/zz'noceroz‘z'daz.
Genus : R/zz'noceros.

R. zmz'corm's, Linn., Rhinoceros. .1745. India. a. Deposited for

exhibition March 16, 1871.

Order: MARSUPIALIA.
Family: Dide/p/zyz'a’ar.
Genus: Dz'a’elp/zys.
D. zzz'rgz'm'ana, Shaw, Opossum. H45. United States. a. Pre—'

sented by Master Frank Hartshorn, March 22, 1871.

Family: Macropoa’z’a’w.
Genus: Macropus.
Ill. gzgam‘e’us, Shaw, Great Kangaroo. ffaé. New South Wales.
a. Deposited for exhibition March 16, 1871.

Genus: Halmaz‘urus.
H. benmz‘z‘z‘z’, VVaterh., Bennett’s Wallaby. ffaé. Tasmania. a.
Deposited for exhibition March 16, I87I. '

Aves.

Order: PASSERES.
Family: T urdz'a’az.
Genus: T um’us. .
T. musz'cus, Linn., Song Thrush. ffalz. British Islands. a.
Presented April 25, 1869. [7. Presented by Mr. William Bates.
T. mz'gmz‘orz'us, Linn.,-American Robin. flab. North America.
2. Presented by Mr. John Fagin, November 13, 1867. 5.. Pre—
sented by Mr. G. G. Dohrenuem, August 7, 1868. 6. Presented
by Miss McCabe.
T. merula, Linn., Blackbird. Haé. British Islands. a. Prc-V
sented by Mr. James H. Roome, January 24, 1869.

183

Genus: flarpor/zync/Zus.
H. rufus (Linn), Brown Thrush. ffaé. North America. 4.
Presented by Mr. James H. Roome, July 7, I868.

Genus: Zm'mus.
M palngofius (Linn), Mocking Bird. Haé. Southern United

States. a. Purchased

Genus: Erit/zacus.
E. rube’cu/cz (Lath.), English Robin. Hafi. British Islands. a,

5. Purchased.
Family : Saxz'colz'da.

Genus: Sizzlz'a.
5. 522153 (Linn), Bluebird. H615. North America. a—a’. Pur—
chased January 17, 1871.

Family: Frz'izgz'flzb’ae.
Genus: Serinus.
S. cmzarz'a, Linn, Canary Bird. ffaé. Canary Islands. a—a’.

Purchased January 17, 1871. e—lz. Born in the menagerie.

Genus: Padda
P. oryzz'vom (Linn.),_.Java Sparrow. H45. Java. a—a’. Pur—

chased January 17, 1871.
Genus: Cardinalz's.
C. vz'rgz'm'anus (Briss.), Cardinal Bird. Haé. Southern United
States. 61.5. Purchased January 17, 1871.

Genus: Passer.
P. domz’sz‘z'cus, Linn, European Sparrow. Hail. Europe. a.
Bred in the menagerie.
.. Genus: Frz'ngz'lla. \ _
F. ell/072's, Linn,“ Greenfinch. ffab. British Islands. a,5.
Purchased January 17, 1871. . i

184

Genus: Cam’m/z's.
C. elegans, Steph., Goldfinch. Haé. British Islands. a, 5.
Purchased January 17, 1871.
Genus: Emérz'za.
E. melanocep/za/a, Scop., Black-headed Bunting. Haé. South
Europe. (1,5. Presented by Mr. J. Jones.

Family: fcz‘erz'a’aa.
Sub-family: Icierz'me.
Genus: Dolz’c/zonyx.
D. oryzz'vorus (Linn), Bobolink. Haé. Eastern North Amer—
ica. a,b. Presented by Mr. John H. Doyle, February 16, 1871..

Genus: Icterus.
I. vulgaris, Daud., Troupial. H45. South America. 61,5.
Purchased January 17, 1871.
Family: Corzzz'daa.
Sub-family: Gama/231$.
Genus: Gracula.

G. musz’ca (Linn), Mino. Haé. India. (1. Presented.

Sub-family: COM/ind),
Genus: Corvus.
C. amerz‘ccmus, Aud., Common Crow. Hab. North America.

a. Presented 1870.
ORDER: ' ZYGODACTYLI.

Family: Rizamp/zasz‘z'da.
Genus: R/zamp/msz‘os. _
R. taco (Gm.), Toco Toucan. Hab. Brazil and “West Indies.
(1. Presented by Philip Figyelmesy, United States Consul, De—
merara, April 28, 1869.
R. arid, Vig., Ariel Toucan. Haé. Brazil. (2. Presented by
ES. De Luce, U. S. N., June 12, 1868.

185

Family: Psz'z‘z‘acz‘dw.
Genus: Am.
A. mama (Linn), Red and Blue Macaw. H25. Central
America. a. Deposited for exhibition 1870.
A. c/z/oropz‘em, Gray., Red and Yellow Macaw. Haé. South
America. 4. Presented by Mr. W. De Peyster, August 24,

1870.
Genus : Conurus.

C. xam‘kolxmus, 801., St. Thomas Conure. H25. West Indies.
4. Presented by Mr. F. F. Georger, July 19, 1870.

Genus: C/zrysoz‘z's. 4
C. [e’ucocep/zala (Linn), White-headed Parrot. H26. Cuba. 2.
Presented by Miss Annabella Nixon, April 27, 1869.

Genus: Palworm's.
P. torquam (Linn), Ring—necked Parrakeet. Hab. India. a.
Purchased March, 1871. ‘

Genus: Platycercus.
P. eximz'us (Sha'w), Rose—Hill Parrakeet. Haé. New South
Wales. a. Purchased January 17, I871

Genus: Cacatua.
C. ruéro-crz'sz‘ata (Scl.), Rose—crested Cockatoo. Hal}. South '
India. a. Purchased January 17, 1871.
C. gal/£7274 (Lath), Greater Sulphur—crested Cockatoo. flab.
Australia. 2. Presented by Mr. Dodge, May 25, 1865.
C. Sulpkurm (Gm.), Lesser Sulphur—crested Cockatoo. Haé.
Moluccas. a. Presented by E. G- Bartlett, M. D., March 2,

1871.
Genus : Eloy/ms.

E. rosez'capz’llus, Bonap., Rose Cockatoo. H45. Australia. a,
5. Purchased January 17, 1871.

186

Order: ACCIPITRES.

Family: Slrzgidae

Genus: Buéo.

B. m'rgz'm'cmus (Gm), Great Horned Owl. H45. North America.

a, 5. Presented by Mr. J. W. Velie, December I3, 1869. 5.
Presented by Mr. Louis McLieish, December 23, 1869. d. Pre—
sented January 22, 1870. 6. Presented by Master Frank Schneider,
May 31, 1870. f. Presented by Mr. Thomas F. Booth, De-
cember 14, 1870. g. Presented by Rev. T. J. Mooney,
December 17, 1870. k. Presented by Mr. Ed. P. Magown,
March 13, 1871. A

Genus: Stops.
5. asz’o (Linn), Screech Owl. flaé. North America. a. Pre—
sented by Mr. P. Donohue, November 29, I870.

Genus: Syrm'um.

S. méulosum (Forster), Barred Owl; [1425. Eastern North
America. a. Presented by Mr. Cornelius D. Eckerson, April
25, 1870.

Family: Falcom'a’w.
Sub-family: Agni/mar.
Genus: Aquila.

A. canaa’msz's (Linn), Golden Eagle. Haé. North America.
a, 5. Presented by Robt. B. Roosevelt, Esq., January 25,
1871.

Genus: Halz‘m‘us.

H. [aurora/Mala: (Linn), Bald Eagle. Haé. North America.
(1. Presented October 28, 1867. 5. Presented by Mr. Wm.
Bement, April 14, 1868. 6. Presented by Americus Club, Sep-
tember 12, 1868. d. Presented by Mr. G. T. Laird, October
6, 1868. 6. Presented by Mr. N. Dexter, January 20,1869.

 

 

 

 

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187

f. Presented by Hon. A. B. Cornell, January 26, 1869. g“.
Presented by Brevet Lieut.-Col. H. S. Gansevoort, U. S. A.,
April 27, 1869'. it. Presented by Capt. R. W. Reed, May 24,
1869. 2', j. Presented by Mr. Wm. Stuart, May 28, 1869. k,
1. Presented by Hon. Allen Munroe, August 27,. 1869. 7%.
Presented by Mr. David \Visder, October 22, 1869. 72. Pre-
sented by Hon. Wm. G. Bergen, December 19, I870.

Genus: P47265072.
P. carolz'nmsz's, Bonap., Fish Hawk. Haé. North America.

4. Presented 1 871 .

Sub—family : A ccz'pz'z‘rz'me.
Genus: Asz‘ur.
A. az‘m'capz'llus, Bonap., Goshawk. HM. North America. 4.
Presented by Mr. Warren Drummond, February 9, 1870.

Genus: Tz‘nnunculzw.
T. alaudczrz'us (Gm.), Kestrel. Haé. Britisn Islands. (2. Pre—
sented by Mr. H. T. Meadows, September 13, 1869.

Sub—family : Butwm'nw.
Genus: Bum.
B. éormlz's (Gm.), Red-tailed Hawk. H45. North America.

a. Presented 1 870.

Genus: Arc/zz'éuz‘m.

'A. [agopus (Gm.), Rough-legged Hawk. Haé. North America
and Europe. 6:. Presented by Mr. William Ward, January 11,
1870.

Sub—family Mz'lvz'me-
Genus: Circus.

C. lzzm’smzz’us (Linn), Marsh Hawk. Haé. North America.

2. Presented by Mr. Charles H. Agens, November 9, 1869.

188

Family: Vulturz’a’w.
, Genus: Gypazz‘us.
C. éaréaz‘us, Linn. Bearded Vulture. Hat}. Europe. a. Pre-
sented by George E. Post, M. D., November 20, 1867.

Order: PULLASTR/E.
Family: Columéz’dw.
Genus: Columlm. -

C. livid, var. dome’sz‘z'ca (Linn), Domestic Pigeon. a, 5. Pre-
sented by Mr. James Costello, November 7, 1870. c—f. Pre-
sented by Mr. W. J. Kerr, March 14, 1871. g—r. 6 varieties.
Purchased March 16, 1871.

Genus ‘ Streptopelz'a.
S. rz'sorz‘a (Linn), Ring Dove. H25. Africa. 2. Presented
by Master Ed. Gerstle, September 21, 1870.

Genus: P/zlogmms.
P. cruem‘az‘cz (Lath), Red—breasted Pigeon. Hal). Phillppine
Islands. 6:. Presented by Captain B. F. Marsh, Ship Rattler,
September 18, 1869.

F amily: Penelopz'dw.
, Genus: Pym/ope.

P. greeyz', Gray, Greeys Guan. H45. New Granada. a, 6.
Presented by Hon. Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State, October
.24, 1870.

Genus: Pz'pz'le.
P. cumanmsz's (Jacquin), White-crested Guan. Haé. Tropical
.America. a. Presented by Hon. Hamilton Fish, Secretary of
State, October 24, 1870.

Genus: Orin/Ma.
0 Momma, Gray, Bronzed Guan. H625. South America. a.

189

Presented by Admiral S W. Godon, U S. N., October 15,
1867,

Family: Cmcz'a’w.

Genus: me. .

C. alecz‘or, Linn., Crested Curassow. Haé. Guiana. a, 5.
Presented by Hon. Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State, October
15, 1870. »

Genus: Pauxz‘.

P. mz'z‘u (Linn), Razor-billed Curassow. Had. Tropical Am-

erica. a. Presented by Mr. A. Joel, November 30, 1867.

Order: GALLIN/E.
Family : Maleagrz‘dz'dae.
Genus: Meleagrz's.
M. mexz'canus, var. domesz‘z'cus, Linn., Domestic Turkey. a, 5.

Albino var., presented by Mrs. Kelly, March 13, 1871.

Family Pe’rdz'cz'dw.
Genus : Oriyx.
O. vz'rgz'm'anus (Linn), Common Quail. Hab. United States.
a—f. Presented by Captain Horatio Nelson, Steamship Cortes,

January 28, 1870.

Genus: Lop/aortyx.
L. cah'form'cus (Shaw.), California Quail. Hal). California. a.
Presented 1870.

Family f Numz'dz‘de.
Genus: Nm7zz‘da.
N. meledgrz’s (Linn), Common Guinea Fowl. H45. Africa.
40 specimens bred in the menagerie. a, 5. Albino var. Pre-

sented by Mr. J, P. Hurd, December 19, 1870.

190

Family: Pawm'a’ae.
Genus: Paw.
P. crz’sz‘az‘us, Linn., Pea Fowl. H625. India. 23 specimens,

bred in the menagerie.

Family: P/zasz'am'a’ce.
Genus: P/zasz'mms.

P. cola/aims, Linn., English Pheasant. H45. British Islands.
a, 5. Albino var. Presented by Mr. J. Brice, February 16,
1870.

P. z‘orguaz‘us, Gm., Ring—necked Pheasant. ffaé. China. a—c.
Purchased March 6, I871.

Genus: 77242577441661.
T. pz'cz‘cz (Linn), Golden Pheasant. Hal). China. a, 5. Pur-
chased March 6, I871.

Genus: Eup/ommus.
E. ”yd/267mm“ (Linn), Silver Pheasant. Haé. China. a.
Presented by Mr. R. L. Maitland, Jr., February 26, 1867.

Genus: Gal/us.

G. 42707265456253, Linn., Domestic Fowl. at China var. Pre—
sented by Dr. J. P. Macgowan, February 9, 1869. ' [2. China
var. Presented by Mr. .I. Brice, May 17,, 1870. c, J. Common
var., presented. 2. Hybrid var. Presented by Mr. W. B.

Dinsmore, June I, 1869.

Order: BREVIPENNES.
Family: Simi/zz'om'dce.
Genus: R/zm.
R. amerz'camz, Lath., Common Rhea. Haé. South America.
a. Presented by Prof. Joseph Henry, Smithsonian Institute,

January 23, 1869.

. 191

Genus: Casuarz'us.
C. galeaius (Vieill.), Common Cassowary. H45. Ceram. a.
Deposited for exhibition March 23,1871.

Order : GRALLE.
Family : Grm'a’ae.
Genus: Grus.
G. cmzczci’msz': (Linn), Sand—hill Crane. Had. Western United
States. 0. Presented October 15, 1870.

Family: Eurypjgrz'dw.
Genus: Exam/pyga.
E. lze’lz'as (Pall.), Sun Bird. H45. Trinidad. (2. Presented
'187o. .
Family: Cz'com'z'dw.
Genus: Cz'cmzz'a.

C. aléa, Linn., White Stork. Hal}. Africa and Europe. a.
Purchased. .
i , Family: Ardcz'dcz.

Genus: Arden.
A. cz'zzerm, Linn.,. English Heron. H515. Europe. a. Pre-

sented October 27, 1869.

Genus: ngrzkoma. ,

T. éragz'lz'mse (Linn), Tiger Bittern. Haé. West Indies. 5:.
Presented by Hon. Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State, Octo-
ber 28, 1870.

T. caézmz'sz' (Heine), Bittern. [16%). Central America. a. Pre-'-

sented by Mr. Henry Arthur, October 28, I865.

Genus : Botaums.

G. [mz‘zgz'msuQ Steph., Common Bittern. H45. North America.

4. Presented I 871.

192.

Family: Rallz'a’ae.
Genus: Gallmula.
G. marz‘z'izz'm (L1nn.), Purple Gallinule. H45. Southern United
States. 4. Presented June 9, 1870.

Order: LAMELLIROSTRES.
Family: Anaz‘z'a’a).
Sub-family: Cygm'nae.

, Genus: Cygrnus.

C. olor (Gm.), European Swan. Hal). Europe. a, 5. Presented
by the Senate of the City of Hamburg, May 24, 1860. H.
Presented by the VVorshipful Company of Vintners, London,
October 18, 1860. f, g. Presented by the Worshipful Company
of Dyers, London, October 18, 1860. lz~y. Bred in the menagerie

C. buccmator, Rich., Trumpeter Swan. Haé. North America.
(2. Presented by Mr. Adolph Strauch, September .23, 1865.

C. atmtus, Lath., Black Swan. Hal). Australia. a. Presented
by Mr. Charles M. Rice, August 25', I869.

Sub-family : A marina.
Genus: A 72367.
A. ferns, Linn., Bremen Goose. Haé. Germany. a. Presented
1869.
A. cygmz’dgs, Linn., Chinese Goose. Haé. China. a~a
Presented 1869.
, Genus: Bernie/a.
B. canademz's (Linn), Canada Goose. Hal}. Northern United
States and Canada. anc. Presented by Hon. August Belmont,
May I4, 1870. d, e. Presented 1870.

. Genus: C/zwzalopex.
. C. 'wgypz‘z'aca (Linn), Egyptian Goose. Haé. Africa- a, 5. Re-

ceived in exchange 1870.

I 9 3
Sub—family : A matting.

Genus: Az'x.
A. spawn (Linn), Summer Duck. H45. North America. a. é.
Presented by Mr. Charles H. Dietz, September 25, 1869.

Genus: Anas.
A. base/ms, Linn., Mallard Duck. Had. North America. (1.
Presented 1870. _
A. dose/ms, var. domesz‘z'cus (Linn), White Duck. Eighteen

specimens, bred in the menagerie.

Genus: Caz'rz'mz.
C. mosc/mta (Linn), Muscovy Duck. Hab. South America.
(1. Presented by John Frederick, M. D., November 17, 1870.

Order: STEGANOPODES.
Family: Pelecam'a’ae.
Genus: Pele’mmzs.
P. fuscus, Linn., Brown Pelican. Had. Southern United

States. a. Presented 1870.

Order: LONGIPENNES.
Family: Larz’dx.
Sub-family: Larinw.
' Genus: Laws.
L. glaucus, Brunn., Glaucous Gull. Had. Northern United

States and Canada. a. Presented 1870.

Order: PYGOPODES.
Family: Colyméia’cz.
Genus: Colyméus.
C'. torguatus, Brunn., Loon. Had. North America. a. Pre-
sented by Mr. John M. Kelso, June 10, 1870. [2. Presented by
Col Rhodes, October 21, 1870. ‘

194
REPTILIA.

Order: TESTUDINATA.
Family: Emydoz'dae.
Genus: Emys.
E. gutiam, Schw., Speckled Terrapin. Hal). North America.
a—f. Presented by Richard E. Kunze, M. D., March, 1870.

Genus: Cz'sz‘ua’o.
C. m'rgz'ma (Gray), Box Turtle. Haé. United States. a, 5.
Presented 1870. .

Family: C/zelya’roz'a’a.
Genus: C/ze’lya’ra.
C. serpem‘z'mz, SchW., Snapping Turtle. fflzé. United States.
0. Presented by S. W. Francis, M. D., October 5, 1870.

Family: C/zelom'oz'a’aa.
. Genus :. Eretmoc/zelys.
[3. z'mérz'caz‘a, Fritz., Hawk’s-billed Turtle. H45. Indies. a—c.
Presented by' Captain E. Bartlett, August 14, 1870.

Order: CROCODILIA.
Family: Crocodz'lz'a’ae.
Genus :8 Allzgczz‘or.

A: mzkszksz'ppz'emzk (Daud), Alligator. ' Haé. Southern United
States. a, 5. Presented 1869. 5. Presented by Mr. W. H. S.
Wood, April 20, 1870. 6!. Presented by Mr. Henry Macy, June
29, 1870. 6. Presented by Mr. Sanders, October 6, 1870. f.
' Presented by Mr. Columbus Ryan, March 22, 1870.

Order: SAURIA.
Family: fguam'a’ae.
Genus: Pkrynosoma.

P. comma, Gray, Horned Toad. Haé'. Southern United

195

States. (1. Presented by Professor M. D. Vanderweyde, March
3, 1870. '

Family: Salamandrz'a’w.

Genus : Salamana’m. .

 

S. maculosa, , Salamander. Haé. Europe. a—a’. Presented

by Captain John H. Mortimer, March 24, 1871.

Order: OPHIDIA.
Family: Boz‘dw.
Genus: Boa.
B. consz‘rz'cz‘or, Linn., Common Boa. Haé. Tropical America.
a. Presented by Philip Figyelmesy, Esq., U. S. Consul, iDeme—

rara, October 4, 1870.

Genus: C/zz'loéoz‘lzrus.
C. z'nomaz‘us, Dum., Yellow Snake. flab. Jamaica. 4. Pre—i

sented ‘ 1 869.

Family: Coluérz'dae.
Genus: Eulaem'a.
E. sz'rz‘alz's (B. and G.), Garter Snake. Hal). United States.

a. Presented 1871.

Family : Craz‘alz'a’aa.
Genus : Cram/us.
C. durz'ssus, Linn., Rattle Snake. Han. United States. (2.
Presented 1871.

196

List of species exizz'éz'z‘ea’ for the first time in t/Ee M’nagerze during

QUADRUMANA.
Moor Monkey.
Vervet Monkey.
Grivet Monkey.
Rhesus Monkey.

the years 1870 and 187I.

Mammalia.

Semnopz't/zeeus maurus.

Cereppz't/zeeus [alana’z'z'.

Cereopz't/zeeus grzlveo-w'rz'dz's.

Macaw: eryZ/zreeus.

Black—faced Spider M onkey.Az‘e/es (tier.
Brown Capuchin Monkey. Ceéus apellcz.

CARNIVORA.
Black Leopard.

Domestic Dog. Pug. var.

Mink.

ARTIODACTYLA.

Guanaoo.
Llama.

Eland.

Yak.

Fallow Deer.
Wart Hog.

PERISSODACTYLA.
Zebra.
Rhinoceros.

M ARSUPIA LIA.

Great Kangaroo.

Kangaroo.

Felz's leopardus melas.
Cam's famz’lz'arz's.

Pu terz‘us 77219072.

A ue/zem'ez lzuamzco.

Auc/zem'cz glen/m.
Oreas eamza.
Bo: grunm'em.
Cervus (lama.

Plzaeo/zm’us @[z'cmzl

Eguus 2eéra.

Rhinoceros um'eorm's.

Maeropus gzgmzz‘eus.

Hal/mantras éennez‘z‘z‘z'.

Java.

South Africa.
N. E. Africa.
India.

Brazil.

Guiana.

Asia.
British Is.
Unit’d States

Bolivia.

Peru.

South Africa.
Thibet.
British ls.

Africa.

Africa.
India.

Australia.

Australia.

PASSERES.

English Robin.

Java Sparrow.
Greenfinch.
Black—headed Bunting.
Bobolink.

Mino.

Troupial.

ZYGODACTYLI.

Ring—necked Parrakeet.
Rose—hill Parrakeet.

Rose-crested Cockatoo.

Greater Sulphur Cockatoo.

Rose Cockatoo.

ACCIPITRES.

Barred Owl.

PULLASTRZE.

VVhite—crested Guan.

GALLIN/E.

Ring—necked Pheasant.
Golden Pheasant.

BREVIPENNES.

Cassowary.

GRALLZE.

Sand—hill Crane.
Sun Bird.

197

Aves.

Brit/2am: ruéecula.
Padda orj/zz'vora.

Frz'ngzlla c/zlorz's.

Eméerz'za melanocep/za/a.

Dolz'c/zonyx oryzz'wrus.
Gram/'4 musical.

[cterus vulgaris.

Palworm's torquam.
Platjcergus exz'mz'us.
Cacaz‘ua ruém—crz'smta.
Cacaz‘ua gal/grim.

Eloy/ms rosez'capz'llus.

Symzz'zmz 72652510574774.
szz'le cumam’mz's.

P/zasz'anus forguaz‘us.

T/zaumalm pz'cz‘a.
Casuarz'us galmlus.

Gm: canaa’msz's.

Eurypyga fielias.

British Is.
Java.
British Is.
S’th Europe.
North Am.
India.

South Am.

India.
Australia.
India.
Australia.

Australia.

North Am.

Tropical. Am.

China.
China.

Ceram.

Western U. S.
Trinidad.

198

Reptilia.
TESTUDINATA.
Hawk’s-billed Turtle. Eretmoc/ze’b/S z'mérz'mz‘a. Indies.
SAURIA.
Salamander. Salamana’ra mam/0m. Europe.

 

List of species that have been bred in the menagcrie during

the years 1870—71:

NO. BRED.

4

.htoootomm

142

I7
7

American Panthers—F. coma/or.
Prairie VVOIvesaC. lainms.
Ferrets—P. furo.

Guinea Pigs—C. coéaya.
Rabbits—L. cum’culz/ts.

Red Deer—C. virgz'izz'mms.
Domestic Cattle—B. Mums.

Southdown Sheep—0.. arias.

Chinese Goats—C. Izz'rczw.

Z ebu—B . z'ndz'cus.

‘ Camel—C. dromm’arz’zts.

Ring Dove—S. rz'sarz'a.
Pea fOWIS—P. crz'sz‘czz‘zw.
Guinea fOWIS»«~N. 7lzclz’agi'5k.
White Ducks ——A . donusz’z’cus.

Swans—C. 0107'.

\

,  33 NC: I NE E R :eI/N —fi H]: E F

 

 

REPORT OF THE ENGINEER—INwCHIEF.

BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIRS,

"DEPARTMENT or PUBLIC PARKS,
Aprz! 20,1871.

HON. PETER B. SWEENY,

Presza’mt of the Board of Commz'sszoners of 1/26 Department of
Pablzc Parks.

SIRz—I have the honor to submit herewith the First Annual
Report of the operations and progress of the work under my
direction in this department, connected with the construction
and repairs of the Central and City Parks, and the regulating,
grading, and. superstructure of “The Boulevard” and avenues

now in progress.

Illustrations also are added to give a clearer understanding
of plans and details. The quantities stated of work done upon
each of the several works are for the year ending April 20,
1871, with the exception of the work done in the grading of
“The Boulevard” and the Sixth avenue, upon which the
quantities given are calculated from January I, 1870, the limited
force of engineers at my disposal on April 20, 1870, being in-
adequate to make the necessary measUrements and computations

upon that portion of the work at that date.

202

The principal divisions of the work under the supervision

of the Bureau of Construction and Repairs are as follows:
I. Improvement of the Central Park.
II. Improvement of the City Parks.

111. Improvement of “The Boulevard,” and other avenues

and streets.

I—IMPROVEMENT OF THE CENTRAL PARK.

ROADS AND WALKS.

No new roads or drives have been constructed during the

year.

Great danger and inconvenience have existed for several
years from the narrowness of the main east and west drives,
between Seventy-eighth and One Hundred and Fourth streets,
and in accordance with the instructions of the Board of Com—
missioners, the necessary surveys were made and a plan and a
report presented for widening the east drive from “The Turn—
out,” near Seventy—eighth street, to its juncture with the sur-
face drive at One Hundred and Fourth street, to an uniform

width of forty-five feet.

. The plan having been approved, the work was commenced,
is now in progress, and will be completed at an early day

during the present season.

In connection with this work, a necessary change of the
twelve-foot ride along the west side of the drive, from Ninety-

seventh to One Hundred and Fourth street, must be made.

203

Its present location, adjoining and parallel to the drive, is very
objectionable on account of the liability of carriage horses
becoming frightened and restive by the sudden and rapid pas-

sage of‘ equestrians.

It is also objectionable on account of the dust arising from

its use, and its present width, twelve feet, is inadequate.

In order to obviate these difficulties, it is proposed to
change the location of the ride, and ,widen it, making it inde—

pendent of the drive.
Plans of this proposed change have been presented.

In compliance with the instructions of the Board of Com.
missioners, surveys and plans are being made for the extension
of the drive to the entrance of the Park on Fifty-ninth street,
at Sixth and Seventh avenues; also for a drive connecting the
east and west drives north of the New Reservoir, and for the
extension of the ride or bridle path on the easterly side of
the Park, so as to form a continuous ride for equestrians
without thetnecessity, as at present, of returning by the same

route.

Plans and reports, with estimates of cost, will be submitted

at an early day.

For the accommodation of the large number of persons
coming from west of Fifth avenue, including those that reach
the Park by the Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth avenue cars, the
majority of whom desire to visit the Museum and temporary
location of the’Zoological collection, a new walk has been
designed and constructed, giving a short and direct route from
the walk along the east drive, near Sixty-second street, to the

Museum building.

204

This overcomes the great inconvenience heretofore experien-
ced by a majority of v151tors who naturally passed along the
walk on the west side of the Fifth avenue entrance and east
drive, and were then compelled to return and cross the en-
trance near Sixtieth street,‘ the width of which is about one
hundred- and fifty feet, thus exposing themselves to great

danger from the vehicles constantly passing.

The superstructure of the walk is of stone, surfaced with

concrete pavement.

Around the Museum building, and in connection with the
surrounding buildings erected for the temporary accommodation
of living animals, 21,200 square feet of walks are in progress

of construction.

The superstructure 1S of stone, to be surfaced with the
iScharf patent pavement, and with a two-inch blue—stone curb

along the sides.

Nine hundred and ten lineal feet of drain pipe have been
laid, and twelve silt bas1ns built, in connection with the walks
and buildings. During 1868 and 1869 the former Commis-
Sioners of Central Park caused a portion of the walks to be
surfaced with the Fisk pavement of pine tar, and although at
first it made an agreeable walk its durability is so short as
not to warrant its further use. During the past year a por-
tion of the walks south of Seventy-ninth street (more especially
those with steep declivities), and the Fifth avenue side-
walk, from Sixtieth street to Seventy—ninth street, have been
surfaced with the improved Fisk asphalt pavement, the. dura-
bility of which remains to be tested. The lower Esplanade at
the Terrace was surfaced with the Scharf patent pavement, a

sample of which was laid in the summer of 1869.

205

A small strip at the foot of the Terrace steps has been
Surfaced with the Portland stone. Surveys and plans are being

prepared, in accordance with a resolution of the Board of

Commissioners, for the following walks, viz.:

A waik from the entrance on the Sixth avenue, more or
less direct, through the East Meadow to the Children’s Play—
ground and the Mall; also three separate walks running more
or less direct through the Ramble, one from the easterly side
of the Lake, another from the end of the Iron Bridge, and
the third from the end of the Rustic Bridge, each extending
to the Belvedere, and to be about fifteen feet in width.

The plans, reports, and estimates of cost will be completed

and submitted as soon as possible.

BRIDGES.

During the past year the floors of three iron bridges,
Nos. 15, 19, and 27, having become unsound, have been re—
moved and new plank put down.

Nos. 15 and 27 have been relaid with yellow pine, and No.
19 with white pine treated with the Robbins process for pre—
serving wood. ‘

Parapet walls for the support of an iron railing for the

bridge east of the Old Reservoir (No. 23) are being con—

structed so as to permit the widening of the East Drive.
The rustic timber bridge known as Bridge No. 26, located
on the. West Drive, over the Ravine, near One Hundred and

Second street, is rapidly going to decay.

The railing and outer timbers need to be replaced at once,

and the whole bridge, in a year or two, will become unsafe.

206

It is proposed, instead of renewing the wood superstructure,
to substitute an arch of stone, in character the same as the!
present abutments, with a rustic iron railing, plans of which

are now being prepared=

A rustic iron railing is being constructed for Bridge No.
.25, so that a View from the Drive and Ride can be had of
the cascades at the ends of the bridge, which have heretofore
been hidden from View by the grounds and shrubbery placed

on the ends of the bridge as a protection.

BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES.

The work upon the Belvedere, which was commenced in
1867, has been vigorously prosecuted during the past season and

the main tower is now within twenty-five feet of its elevatlon.

The parapet wall is nearly completed, and a large quantity
of cut stone is prepared and in readiness to be placed in the
work, and its completion can safely be promised during the
present season.

The st0ne structure south of the Marble Bridge, and origin—
ally designed as the “Dairy,” is finished, except the interior
fixtures.

The excavation for a building on the Eighth avenue, near
Sixty—third street, designed by the former Commissioners of the
Central Park as a Palaeozoic Museum, was made previous to
April 20th, 1870, and the foundatlon masonry, together with
masonry and blue-stone coping for the platform, was in progress

at that date.

The foundation masonry was completed to the proper height,

and work was suspended thereon.

207

The stables and sheds for storage, located on Transverse
Road No. 3, and between the two Reservoirs, are now nearly

completed.

The plans were adopted, the foundation commenced, and con—
tracts awarded for the construction thereof by the former Com-
missioners of the Central Park. The stables and sheds were

occupied about the Ist of February last.

The house for the keeper and the paving of the yard and
sheds alone remain to be done, and are now in progress and

well advanced.

The shops for repairs to machinery, tools, etc., are to be
placed fronting on Transverse Road No. 3, between the Road
I and the Old Reservoir, and west of the house of the keeper of

the Croton Reservoirs.

The plans have been recently adopted, and preparations for
the immediate commencement of the work are being made, and
it is expected that they will be completed and in readiness for

occupation during the present season.

The construction of the Terrace wall and foundation for
steps in front of the Conservatory, located at Seventy—fourth
street and Fifth avenue, were in progress previous to the or—

ganization of the present commission.

The granite steps and coping have been delivered and in

part set.

Four hundred cubic yards of masonry have been placed in

the work.

The plan of the Conservatory building having been very

materially changed, and the size of the building enlarged, the

208

work of excavation and foundation masonry was commenced in
September last, since which time the amount of work done has

been as follows, viz.:
Five thousand cubic yards earth excavation.
One thousand cubic yards rock excavation.

One thousand five hundred and forty cubic yards masonry

in foundation.

It was expected, from the formation of the grounds and the
outcropping of the rock on both sides of the site, that a roCk
foundation for the whole building would be secured within a
reasonable depth, but the rapid falling off of the rock near the
centre of the building has necessitated the substitution of a

foundation of piles and timber.

The material found overlaying the rock upon nearly the
whole area is a quicksand, the excavation of which, with the
constant removal of water, sheet-piling, bracing the high em-
bankment of the Fifth avenue, and rehandling of the materials,
has enhanced the cost of the work beyond what was reasonably

expected

LARGE FOUNTAIN AND BASIN ON THE ESPLANADE NORTH OF
THE TERRACE.

The fountain still remains incomplete. The large octagonal
granite basin, a contract for which was made by the former
Commissioners of the Central Park in June, 1869, and the bronze}
figures for the fountain, which are being cast in Europe, have
not yet been received. The work done in connection therewith,
during the past year, was the taking up and resetting of the»

coping and the upper portion of the rim of the basin which

‘ 209

was built in 1864 (the Contraction of the stone having been
such as to start the joints and cause the escape of water), the
concreting of the irregular and rough bottom of the basin, and

the lining of the bottom and rim of the basin with Portland

stone.

The latter work was done by f‘ The Portland Stone .Com-
pany,” who claim and guarantee that their monolithic lining.of
the Portland stone will prevent all leakage, and will withstand

the extreme changes of the climate.

The foundation for the support of the octagonal basin and
pedestal for the bronze figures ‘of the fountain, which was con-
structed in 1867, has been taken down and relaid, and the blue-
stone sub-base, base, and enriched stones below the basin, have

been put in place.

The Scotch granite columns, with all the bronze bases, caps,
and enrichments,‘ and the blue—stone pedestal, have been fur—
nished, and are [in readiness to be put in place as soon as the

octagonal granite basin is delivered and set in place.

Four hundred and twenty—five cubic yards of concrete were
used in the bottom of the basin, and six thousand six hundred
and twenty—seven square feet of Portland stone lining on the

bottom and rim.

Work upon the sheepfold, located near Sixty-seventh street,
and between the West Drive and the Eighth avenue, was com-

menced in September last.

It is now nearly enclosed, and, with ample means of access
from the Drive, Ride, and Walks, will be completed during the

present season.

210

The structure on the exterior is of a Colabaugh brick, with
Island gneiss and North river blue and gray stone trimmings,
and consists of a barn ninety-three by twenty-four feet on the
west, with two buildings for the sheep, one hundred and two
by twenty-four feet, extending eastward and terminating W1th

“loggias” twenty—seven by sixteen feet at the ends for the ac-

commodation of visitors.

The following quantities of materials have been.used in the

construction, viz. :

Four hundred and forty—four cubic yards of masonry in

- foundation.

Three thousand five hundred and twenty—two square feet of

Island gneiss, North river blue and gray stone trimmings.

Three hundred thousand bricks laid.

Fifty—five thousand two hundred and seventy-five feet, board ,/

measure, timber and planks.

ENCLOSING WALLS.

During the past year the upper portion of the vertical
wall on the Fifth avenue, between Seventy—ninth and Eighty—
fifth streets, a distance of thirteen hundred and seventy-five

feet, has been built of Ohio stone.

The battered wall on the Fifth avenue, between Eighty-ninth
and Ninety-first streets, for a distance of four hundred and ten
feet, has been taken down, the foundation raised, and the wall
rebuilt So as to adapt it to the change of grade of the Fifth

avenue at Ninetieth street.

211

The granite coping for the battered. wall, from Eighty—fifth
to Ninety-seventh street, on the Fifth avenue, a distance of
two thousand nine hundred and Sixty-seven feet, has been con-
tracted for, and it is expected that its delivery and setting on

the wall will be completed in May next.

This wall, below the coping, was commenced in 1863, and
completed in 1865, and should, for the preservation of the ma-
sonry, have been coped at the time of its completion, which
could have been done for $2.50 per lineal foot less than at

present prices.

THE TRANSVERSE ROADS.

These roads, four in number, cross the Park from east to

west, and are in length about one—half mile each.

They were designed for city traffic, and are for the greater
part sunken below the surface of the Park, the side walls being
not less than seven feet above the grade line of the roads, and
a greater height where the depth of the cuts or the bridge—ap-
proaches require it. The width between the side walls is forty
feet, and designed to include a roadway of twenty-eight feet,

and sidewalks of six feet each.

Road No. I crosses the Park from Sixty—fifth street at the
Fifth avenue to Sixty-sixth street at the Eighth avenue.

Road No. 2, at present, crosses the Park in nearly a direct
line at Seventy-ninth street, but the change of the grade of the
Eighth avenue w1ll probably, cause a change of the western or

Eighth avenue entrance, and remove it to Eightieth street.

Road No. 3 crosses the Park from Eighty-fifth street at the
Fifth avenue to Eighty-sixth street at the Eighth avenue.

212

Road No. 4 crosses in nearly a direct hne at Nlnety-seventh

street.

Upon all of these roads the drainage had been perfected,
and temporary gutters of rubble-stone laid, and a rubble-stone
superstructure built, and the gas pipes laid in Roads Nos. I

and 2.

During the past year the gas pipes have been laid in Road
No. 3; contracts have been made for the brackets and lamps,
and they have in part been put up;' and the surveys, plans,

and estimates have been made for the superstructure of the

roads.

INTERIOR SLOPES ON THE EIGHTH AVENUE.

Agreeably to the resolution adopted by the Executive Com-
mittee, on September 16th, 1870, surveys and plans were made
for adapting to the new grade of the Eighth avenue the in-
terior slopes, entrances, and walls on that side of the Central
Park, and a report thereon was submitted on September 27th,

1870.

It will be seen by this report that the expense of adapting
the work to the new grade of the Eighth avenue, as well as
to the necessary change on One Hundred and Tenth street

(the northerly boundary of the Park), will be very great.

The original design at many points is entirely changed, and
at some points it is believed the change will be very detrl-
mental to the appearance of the Park grounds, especially in
the vicinity of One Hundred and Tenth street, where the
high, bold, and rocky bluffs, which at present form a natural

terminus of the Park, W111 in appearance become depressed,

213

and lose much of their landscape .efi'eCt by the great eleva-
tion of the grades of the avenue and street above the adjoin-

ing interior grounds.

The one—faced wall from Sixtieth street to Sixty-sixth street
was taken down and rebuilt, and the interior slopes reshaped
in 1868.

Work was commenced upon the slopes between Sixty—sixth
and Seventy—ninth streets on the 5th of January last, and is

now in progress.
The following quantities of work have been done, viz.:
One thousand cubic yards earth excavation.
Five thousand and fifty cubic yards rock excavation.
Eight hundred and fifty lineal feet one-faced wall removed.

One thousand six hundred and twenty cubic yards founda-

tion wall built.

GRADING THE EIGHTH AVENUE.

\Vork upon the regulating and grading of the avenue be-
tween Seventy—seventh and Eighty—first streets, which is under
the direction of the Department, has been in progress since
November last, the material for filling being furnished chiefly
from the excavation for the slopes at Sixty—eighth street and

the Conservatory foundation.

Ten thousand five hundred cubic yards of filling have been

placed in the embankment.

214
INTERIOR SLOPES ON THE FIFTH AVENUE.

The change of the grade of the Fifth avenue caused about
five hundred and twenty lineal feet of one—faced wall between
Sixtyminth and Seventy—first streets to be taken down and re-
built,'and the excavating and reshaping of the interior slopes,

which work was done in I868.

At Seventy-fourth street the grade was raised three feet,
causing about five hundred lineal feet of the wall to be raised

and the slopes reshaped, which work was done in 1869.

At Ninetieth street the grade was raised three and a half
feet, and during the past season four hundred and ten lineal
feet of battered wall have been taken down and rebuilt, and
the slopes and entrance drive are now being changed to suit

the new grade.

From Ninety—seventh street to One Hundred and Seventh ,
street, the one—faced wall, for a distance of about twenty-seven
hundred feet, requires to be taken down, a rough foundation
carried up, and the wall rebuilt. The slopes must be very
materially changed, and the grade of the One .Hundred and

Second street drive altered.

From One Hundred and Seventh street to One Hundred
and Tenth street, a distance of seven hundred and twenty—five
feet, the present wall can be raised, and but a slight change

in the slopes is necessary.

I see no difficulty in adapting the interior slopes and drive
to the change; and it is believed that the benefit to the ave-
nue and adjacent property will greatly exceed the expense of

adapting the Park grounds to the change.

215

SEWERS.

An eighteen-inch vitrified pipe sewer for a conduit of the
water, filth, &c., from the Museum and buildings surrounding,
which buildings will probably be used for the accommodation

of the Zoological collection for some time to come, is in course

of construction.

The sewer commences at a point north of the Museum,
near Bridge No. 7, and passes through the lawn west of the
buildings and by a tunnel underthe main East Drive, through
which a brick sewer, egg—shaped, and of a sufficient size _to
permit a person to pass through, in case of stoppage, is sub-
stituted; thence along the easterly shore of the Pond, and
enters the outlet sewer of the Pond below the waste weir,

which discharges into the city sewer in Fifty—ninth street.

At present, as heretofore, all the filth from the above-men-
tioned buildings has been conducted into the Park sewer and
thence into the Pond, and could not but cause the water of
the Pond to become offensive and "disagreeable to Visitors, and

objectionable to the neighborhood.

In connection therewith, I deem it proper for me to, state
that the various drainage systems were originally designed and
constructed for the conveyance (where practicable) of the water
from the superficial and sub—drainage into and for the supply
of the various ponds and lakes within the Park, and it was
never contemplated to connect the sewerage from buildings or

structures, from which impurities might flow, with these drain-
age systems.

Several such connections having been made prior to April

20th, 1870, I would recommend that'they be disconnected, and

216

special drain pipes or sewers be constructed for the purpose,
connecting with the city sewers, or sewers within the Park
which do not afford supply for the lakes; or where such con-

nection is impracticable, that cesspools be built for that pur-

pose.

The impure and offensive water coming from the district
north and west of the Park, and entering the Harlem, lake,
near the Sixth avenue and One Hundred and Tenth street
entrance, should at once be diverted by a city sewer through

One Hundred and Tenth street.

SUPPLY OF WATER FOR THE PARK.

Measures should be taken at an early day to procure a
more abundant and certain supply of water for irrigation and
ornament, as well as to keep up the necessary cirCulation and
change’of water in the several ponds and lakes, thereby ren-

dering them free from impurities.

The present supply for the ponds and lakes is derived from
the drainage of the Park grounds, the drainage areas exterior
to the Park west of the Eighth avenue, and from such waste

or surplus water as is discharged from the two Croton Reser- '

voirs.

The present supply from the drainage outside the Park
west of the Eighth avenue, the water from which is very
impure, will be cut off when the proper sewerage of that

vicinity is constructed.

The waste and surplus from the Croton Reservoirs are

irregular, and therefore cannot be relied upon.

217

The drainage from the Park grounds which discharges into
“The Pond” has so far proved ample for its supply.

That discharging into “The Lake,” with one or two excep_

tions, has also proved ample.

The supply from all sources, including the drainage of about
one hundred and fifteen acres outside the Park, discharging
into the Pool, Loch, and Harlem Lake, has never been ade-
quate either to preserve the necessary purity of the water, or

give the best effect to the cascades.

For the purpose of utilizing the present supply, as well as
any additional supply that frOm any source can be procured,
I would recommend ' as the most practicable method the use
of an engine at the outlet of “The Lake,” to elevate the water
to the upper end of the Lake; and at the waste weir at the
outlet of the Harlem Lake, the use of a wheel and pump,
worked by the discharged water, to re-elevate a portion of the
water to the upper end of the Pool, a chamber adapted to
admit of an overshot wheel having been constructed in con-
nection with the waste weir, and which will be effective for

the purpose in proportion to the amount of the waste water.

The expense will be the cost of a wheel and pump with

' the necessary fixtures and conducting pipes.

THE GROUNDS WEST OF THE EIGHTH AVENUE, ,BETVVEEN
SEVENTY-SEVENTH AND EIGHTY-FIRST STREETS.

These grounds had been determined upon by the former
Commissioners of the Central Park, as the site for the Zoo-
logical Gardens, and the work of preparing the foundation for,

and construction of, the enclosing walls, was commenced in

218

1868, and was in progress, though but little had been done
upon it, at the time of the organization of the present Depart-

ment.
At an early day thereafter the work was suspended.

Very recently the regulating and grading of the grounds
have been commenced preparatory to the construction of the
buildings for the Museum of Natural History and a Gallery
of Art.

ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.

The site selected for these gardens by the former Commis-
sioners of the Central Park was deemed by the Department
of Public Parks inadequate in area, and unsuited in other re—
spects for the present success and future development of the
gardens, and 011 the 4th of October last they selected and
designated for the site the Meadows in the Central Park,
located north of the Transverse Road crossing the Park at
Ninety—seventh street, and bounded on the east, north, and
west by the Ride and Drives, and containing an area of nearly

forty—eight acres.

During the past year a topographical survey and map were

made of the grounds.

By direction of the Vice—President, a report upon the orig.
inal and designated sites was made and submitted in February

last, a copy of which is herewith appended.

THE GROUNDS EAST OF THE OLD RESERVOIR.

A topographical survey and map have been made of the
grounds located east of the old Croton Reservoir, between the
East Drive and the Fifth avenue, and Transverse Roads Nos.

2 and 3, and containing twenty—four and one-half acres.

219

Upon these grounds it is proposed to erect a “Casino,” or
refreshment building, seventy-five feet by one hundred and fifty
feet, With a circuit drive and carriage concourse of about one

thousand eight hundred feet in length.

In connection herewith, an entrance for pedestrians should
be constructed at Eighty—fifth street and Fifth avenue, on the
SOuth side, and adjoining the Transverse Road, with a walk
leading toward the South Gate House of the new Croton
Reservoir, another walk toward the Ramble, passing under
Bridge No. 23, near Eightieth street, and also one toward the

proposed Casino.

An entrance at or near Eighty—sixth street, on the Fifth
avenue, has long been needed and asked for, from the former
Commissioners of the Central Park, as well as from the Legis-
lature, for several years, by a large number of inhabitants who
approach the Park through Eighty—sixth street (which is one
hundred feet in width), and who very naturally de51re to enter

the Park at or near that point.

It is believed that an entrance at Eighty—fifth street'would
afford much greater convenience and satisfaction to the great
majority of visitors than if placed at Eighty—sixth street, which
would require the construction of a long and expensive bridge
under the East Drive, a long flight of steps, and will be
attended with great danger on account of crossing the Ride
at grade, and will not afford visitors desiring to pass south
toward the Ramble and Lake equal facilities with those de51r-

ing to reach the Gate House, or to pass northward.

The original design contemplated a walk entrance at Eighty~
fifth street. .

220

If thought desirable, now or at any future time, a carriage
entrance can be easily constructed in connection with the pro—

posed circuit drive.

___—_.

WORKS OUTSIDE THE PARK AND CONNECTED
THEREWITH.

THE CIRCLE AT BROADWAY, FIFTY-NINTH STREET, AND EIGHTH
AVENUE.

At the time of the organization of the Department, no part

of the superstructure of the roadway was complete.

The Telford foundation was mostly laid, and a small area
on the easterly side had been tempOrarily surfaced for the ac-

commodation of travel.

Since that time the tracks of the Eighth Avenue Railroad-
have been removed and relaid in the desired position, the su-
perstructure of the entire roadway completed, the graveling
of the SldCWalRS finished, the heavy curb around the eighty-
foot circle at the centre closed, the surface temporarily finished,

the gas pipes laid, and lamps are being set.

The amount of work done during the past year is as fol-
lows:

Ten thousand two hundred and fifty-four square yards of

roadway surfaced and rolled.

One thousand eight hundred and eighty—four cubic yards of

Macadam stone furnished and put in place.

Eight hundred and six lineal feet of railroad track taken

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221
PUBLIC SQUARE AT FIFTY~NINTH STREET AND FIFTH AVENUE.

Agreeably to the resolution adopted by the Executive Com-
mittee of the Department of Public Parks on September 5th,
1870, a plan for the improvement of the Square was prepared
and submitted, which was approved, and work thereon com—

menced immediately.

The improvement consists of a large fountain basin of seventy
feet interior diameter, the facings of which are to be of North
river blue and gray stone, with bronze enrichments, the basin
to be surrounded with a broad walk or plaza, the curb of"
which is complete. The design of the fountain, together with
the pavement to. be used in the roadway of the large area in
front of and surrounding the fountain basin and plaza, has not

been determined.
The amount of work done is as follows:

One thousand cubic yards earth excavation for fountain

basin.

Three hundred and fifty cubic yards foundation masonry

for fountain basin.
Six hundred and fifteen lineal feet curb furnished and laid.

In connection herewith, one thousand and twenty square
yards of trap—rock pavement on the Fifth avenue, opposne the
Square, which was in very bad condition, has been taken up

and relaid.

222

FIFTY—\TINTII STREET, BETWEEN THE FIFTH AVENUE AND
“THE CIRCLE.”

Agreeably to an Act of the Legislature passed April 26.,
1870, directing the Department of Public Parks to perfect the
Boulevard on the southerly side of the Central Park in Fifty-
ninth street, such portion of the street as was unpaved has
been paved ‘with trap-rock pavement, and that portion of the
origlnal trap—rock pavement that had, settled in an unusual

manner has been taken up and relaid.

The quantity paved and repaved is four thousand one hun—

dred and fifty square yards,

 

II. IMPROVEMENT OF CITY PARKS,

MOUNT MORRIS SQUARE.

This Park is located between One Hundred and Twentieth
and One Hundred and Twenty—fourth streets, and occupies the
Fifth avenue, together with three hundred and ninety-five feet
on each side thereof, and contains an area of 2 107036 acres.
It is formed by a mass of rocks rising to a height of one
hundred and one feet above mean high water, and about eighty
feet above the surrounding plain, a portion of which is within
the limits of the square. The work of improvement was com-
menced by the former Commissioners of the Central Park in

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223

The expenditure of the appropriation for the year 1868 was
by an Act of the Legislature placed under the direction of the
Street Commissioner. The Legislature of 1868—9 placed the
expendituer for its improvement under the direction of the
Commissioners of the Central Park, and work was renewed in

I1869, since which time it has been in progress.

Since work was resumed, and until July last, the deviSing
of the plans and the supervision of the laying out were under
the direction of .the Chief Landscape Gardener, the late Ignatz
A. Pilat, Esq., since whose death the work has been prose-
cuted under the direction of this Bureau. The work done
since it was placed under the direction of the Commissioners
of the Central Park, in 1869, to the present date, has been
the construction of a temporary wooden fence around the Park,
the regulating, grading, draining, and fertilizing of about four-
teen acres, the substructure of eight thousand lineal feet 01
walks, and the excavation of about eleven hundred cubic yards
of rock for the entrance at Fifth avenue and One Hundred

and Twentieth street.

The principal work remaining to be done is the construc-
tion of the walks in progress and those designed (the length
of which is about.fifteen hundred lineal feet), the superstruc-
ture of the walks in progress and designed, the grading, shap—
ing, fertilizing, and draining of about six acres, the grading
and superstructure of the concourse on the highest elevation
of the ground, the erection of the music—stand and summer—
houses to be located thereon, the laying of a water—pipe sys-
tem fOr drinking hydrants, irrigation, etc., and the erection of

a permanent enclosure, with the necessary entrances.

224

It is expected that these improvements-can be brought to
completion during the present season, except the permanent
enclosure and entrances, which cannot well be constructed until

the surrounding avenues and streets are regulated.

CITY HALL PARK.

The area of this park, exclusive of the width added to
Broadway and Park row, and the new street opened crossing

the park, adjoining the grounds purchased by the United States

 

Government for the new Post. Office building, is 81203040 acres,
of which 21—169,T acres are occupied by buildings. The plan for
its improvement was submitted to and adopted by the Execu-
tive Committee on the 11th day of May last, and the work

was commenced on the 18th day of the same month.

Previous to the commencement of the improvement the area
surrounding and adjacent to the, new Court House, together
with the rectangle formed by the new Court House, Broad-
way, and Chambers street, was encumbered with large quan-
tities of building materials, temporary buildings, machinery, and
tools, together with spalls, rubbish, etc., which had accumu-
lated during the erection of the Court House. The ground
inside the iron railing along Broadway was occupied and used
as a hack stand, and the remainder of the ground was a
common, the walks being mainly of earth, with a portion par—
tially flagged. The iron railing and brownstone base course
which originally enclosed the Park have been removed, and
the base stone redressed, a part of which was used for en-
closing the triangular Park at the foot of Canal street, and

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225

at the Five Points. The iron railing was of several different
patterns, much of which was unfit for further use as a fence

or railing.

Two buildings, the Rotunda and the Engine House on
Centre street, were vacated by the Department of Public
Works as unfit for use, and were ordered by the Board of

Commissioners to be taken down and removed.
The Rotunda has been removed.

A width of sixty feet next adjoining the ground purchased
by the United States Government for the new Post Office
building has been opened as a street from Park row to Broad—
way, twenty feet of which are at present occupied by the
United States Government for the deposit of materials, etc.,

during the construction of the building.
Forty feet have been graded, paved, and opened for use.

The carriage-way of Broadway, from the new Post Office
to Chambers street, has been widened twelve and a half feet,
with a sidewalk of twenty—five feet in width, and the carriage—
way of Park row, from the New Post _Office to Centre street,

has been widened eleven and a half feet, with a sidewalk of

fifteen feet

The pavements of the new street, and of the widening of
Broadway and Park row, are of granite, the same as the
BroadWay granite pavement, with a layer of six inches of con-

crete underneath.

Two fountain basins, of twenty—nine feet interior diameter
each, have been constructed, with bottom and foundation of

IS

226

rubble-stone and concrete,‘ paved with brick, the whole being
three feet in depth, with sidewalks of brick coped with blue

“mountain grawacke ” stone.

The central basins and figures are of iron, and so soon as
the plumbing is completed which is now in progress, will be

in readiness for use.

Another and a much larger and more elaborate fountain
and basin, located south and in front of the City Hall, is now
in progress of construction. The exterior is to be of granite
and. grawacke stone, and will be completed during the present

season.

A system of water pipes has been laid for the supply of

the fountains, drinking hydrants, irrigation, etc.

The necessary drain pipes have been laid and connected
with the city sewers for the conduit of the overflow from the
fountains and drinking hydrants, and for the surface and other

\

drainage from the buildings and walks.

The work that has been done is as follows:

Regulating, grading, and trenching to a depth of from

eighteen to twenty inches, 3—15If acres;

Fifteen thousand cubic yards earth excavation, exclusive of

Shaping.

One hundred and fifty thousand three hundred and eighty
superficial feet of walks graded and prepared for the super-

structure.

One hundred and thirty-one thousand four hundred square

feet of asphalt, concrete, and Portland cement walks.

227

Five thousand one hundred and fifty-seven square yards

pavement (with concrete foundation) of roadway in, Broadway,

Park row, and New street, laid and relaid.

Four thousand one hundred and thirty—five square yards

concrete.

Two hundred and fifty-seven cubic yards masonry laid in

fountains.

Seven thousand five hundred and fifty lineal feet five—inch

and six—inch curb furnished and set.

One thousand one hundred and seventy lineal feet five-inch

and six—inch curb reset (old).

Nine thousand six hundred and seventy-five lineal feet three-

inch curb dressed and set.

Two thousand one hundred and forty—eight lineal feet gutter

stone furnished and laid.

One thousand five hundred and ninety-one lineal feet drain

pipe laid.

Two thousand one hundred and thirty—one lineal feet water

pipe laid for fountains, drinking hydrants, and urinals.
Four urinals constructed.
Eighteen silt and stop-cock basins built.

Sixteen stop-cocks set.

One thousand one hundred locust posts furnished and set.

Eighty-two gas posts and lamps set.

I0
I.)
00

PARK AVENUE PARKS.

These Parks are six in number, rectangular in form, and

are enclosed with ' iron railings.

They are located in the centre of the Park avenue between
the streets from Thirty—fourth street to Fortieth street, and
contain an area of about 0,1696% of an acre each, or If&% acres

in the six.

The work of improvement was commenced on the twenty-

seventh day of May last.

The ground was thoroughly trenched to a depth of from
twenty to twenty-fOur inches, and all stones and rubbish found

, intermixed were thrown out and removed, after which it was

fertilized and prepared for and in progress of being seeded.

The improvements were then suspended, so as to afford the
New York and Harlem Railroad Company opportunity to en—
large the old and to construct new openings for properly
lighting and ventilating the tunnel passing under the Parks,
and to provide access by stairways to the Madison avenue

horse cars, which were to pass through the tunnel.

The openings in each Park and a double flight of stone
steps on the south side of Thirty—eighth street have been Con—
'structed 'by the Railroad Company, together with a single
flight of steps on the south side of Thirty—fourth street, and
another on the north side of Fortieth street. A granite coping
and light composite iron railing for eaCh opening are required

to complete the work.

They are now in progress.

229

The ground has been reshaped, and so soon as the coping

is put in place will be seeded.

The railing enclosing the Parks was found to be much
damaged by heavy vehicles coming in contact therewith pre-
vious to the paving of the avenue. This has been repaired,

and is now being painted.

The principal items of work done and materials used are

as follows :

11466—3 of an acre trenched from twenty to twenty—four inches

deep, and then spaded six inches deep.

Two thousand eight hundred and seventy-five lineal feet
iron railing repaired and painted.

Three hundred wagon loads manure used.

BOWLING GREEN.

This Park contains an area of 0&7“. of an acre.

The work of improvement was commenced on the eighteenth

day of June last.

The coping of the fountain basin was reset, the basin re-
paired and made water tight, and the fountain cleaned and
put in order. A walk of stone and gravel superstructure,
twelve feet in width, was laid out and built around the foun—
tain basin, with walks eight feet in width, to the gate

entrances.

The remainder of the area was thoroughly trenched twenty
inches in depth, fertilized, shaped, and seeded, and locust posts

with chains were placed along the walks.

230

The iron railing and stone base were found in very bad
condition. They have been put in as good repair as practica-

ble, and have been painted.-

The principal items of work done and materials used are

as follows :

Eighteen thousand four hundred and forty-five square feet

of ground trenched, shaped, fertilized, and seeded.
Four thousand and eighty—six square feet of walks built.
Forty cubic yards of gravel for walks furnished.

Eighty locust posts furnished and set.

THE BATTERY.

The work of improvement of the Battery was commenced
on the 22d of June last, at which time the work upon the
enlargement, which has been in progress for several years, was

incomplete.

The old contract for the sea—wall and filling was canceled
and a new contract made for the completion of the wall, of
which one hundred and seventy-five lineal feet remained to be
built.

The area unfinished required about sixty-five thousand cubic

yards of filling.

This area Was reserved as a place of deposit for surplus

material, and the filling has been nearly completed.

This immense amount of filling, consisting of earth, stone,
and rubbish, has been procured from the City Hall, Canal,
Beach, and Duane Street Parks, and other sources, most of

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231

A basin for the exclusive accommodation of small boats,
containing an area of seven thousand five hundred square feet,
and located near the south end of the Park, has been designed

and is in course of construction.

The foundation is of piles, and is to be filled in, with rubble-
stone, and capped and planked with timber creosoted by the
Seeley process, upon which is to be placed a sea-wall, the
same in construction as is being built on the water-front of
the enlargement, with two granite stairways and landings, ten

feet in Width, with bridges and. floats.

The foundation, except the stone filling and plank, is com-

plete.

A roadway forty-five feet in width, the superstructure of
which is of the Scharf patent pavement, has been constructed
from the northerly side of the Castle Garden to Battery place,
opposite West street, for the removal of the baggage of the
emigrants, all of which is landed within the enclosure of Castle
Garden, under the direction of the Commissioners of _ Emigra-

tion.

State street, for its entire length opposite the Park, has
been widened fifteen feet, a six—inch blue—stone curb set, the
necessary receiving basins built, and the roadway paved with

granite block pavement.

Whitehall street has been widened so as to form a straight
line from State street to near the west line of the pier occu-
pied by the Staten Island Ferry, a six—inch blue—stone curb
set, receiving basins built, and the paving of the roadway with
granite block pavement is in progress. Upon the strip parallel

to and adjoining the interior face of the property of the United

232

1 States ' Government, over which a right of way was granted
to the Government, a carriage—way of fifty—six feet in width,

with ample sidewalks, is in progress of construction.

Upon the most elevated portion, overlooking the whole
grounds and in a central position, a large concourse or plaza,
elliptical in form, and containing an area of forty—nine thousand
nine hundred and fifty square feet, to be well shaded, has been
designed, and is in progress of construction, at the centre of

which is to be placed a music stand.

This concourse will also be available for large public meet-

ings.

A broad walk, or promenade,_ of thirty feet in width, ad-
' joining the sea—wall, and fronting on and affording an unin—

terrupted view of the bay, is in progress.

The walks, when completed, will afford direct means to
pass from the several entrances on one side of the park to
the other, to the concourse, or to the broad promenade, by

easy and agreeable curves.

The substructure of the concourse and walks is of stone,

and mainly completed.

-The substructure of the northerly portion is of the Schil-

linger patent pavement of Portland cement.

The sides are of blue—stone curb, two and a half inches in

thickness.

The iron railing and base stone have been removed. So
much of the railing as was required for the triangular Park

at the Five Points was selected and removed to that Park.

233
The area devoted to lawn and plantations has been thoroughly
trenched, and all stone, brick, and other rubbish removed.
Where necessary to regulate and grade, the muck and topsoil
have been removed and placed in piles, and replaced after the

ground was properly shaped.

The portion known as the “enlargement” was chiefly filled
in with rubbish; this has been trenched, the stones, brick, etc.,
removed, shaped properly, then ploughed, after which it was
covered with topsoil or garden mould, derived from the lines

of walks, from the City Hall and other parks, and by purchase.

The portion now complete has been fertilized with well—
rotted horse manure, about fifty cords per .acre being applied,

and then spaded in to a depth from six to eight inches.

A thorough and ample system of superficial drainage has
been designed and mainly constructed, and so arranged that
the necessary pipes from the drinking hydrants, urinals, etc.,

can be connected.

A system of water pipes for the supply of the drinking

hydrants, irrigation, etc., is now in progress.

Two keepers’ houses, with tool rooms attached, have been
constructed.

A ladies’ cottage is to be placed near the corner of State '
and Whitehall streets, and six iron urinals are being put up

at convenient points within the grounds.

The area of the Battery as originally enclosed, including

Castle Garden, was 21% acres.

The present area from the curb line, exclusive of the basin,

is 211450—95 acres, of which Qfif—o acres are occupied by the walks,

roadways, and the Castle Garden, with its enclosure.

234
The area in laWns and plantations is 1113571r acres.
The work done has been as follows, viz.:
Eleven acres of ground trenched and graded.
Seven acres of ground trenched, graded, and fertilized.

Fifty—five thousand cubic yards of filling placed in embank-

ment.

Two hundred and twenty—nine thousand, seven hundred and
fifty square feet of walks graded and prepared for the super-

structure.

Thirty—five thousand and sixty-five square feet of super.

structure of walks laid.

\ Four thousand eight hundred and fifty square yards pave-

ment laid and relaid.

Two thousand three hundred and thirty lineal feet curb for

streets furnished and set.

Ten thousand seven hundred and thirty-eight lineal feet curb

for walks furnished and set.

Three thousand four hundred and fifty lineal feet drain pipe
laid.

Three hundred and twenty—one lineal feet water pipe laid.
Five street basins built.

Twenty-six silt basins built.

Sixty—five cubic yards masonry built in sea-wall.

Five hundred and ninety-three cubic yards stone filling in

foundation.

 

 

 

 

   
 
 
 
   

  

of 1

IMPROVEMENTS of CANAL ST. PARK
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235

Three hundred lineal feet pile and timber foundation around

basin.
Four hundred and eight cords manure furnished.

One thousand nine hundred and forty-five cubic yards garden

mould furnished.

One thousand two hundred and fourteen locust posts set.

CANAL STREET PARK.

This triangular Park is located between Canal, West, and.
Hoboken streets, and contains within the present enclosure an

area of 093138? of an acre.

\Vhen the work of its improvement was commenced, on the p
second of July last, it was. found to be, a place of deposit for
cobble stones, of which there were about one thousand cart—
loads thereon, and a dumping ground for the sweepings of the
Clinton Market opposite, and for ashes, etc., from the adjoin—
Hing buildings, besides being occupied on the West street side

by booths.

The greater portion of cobble stones, ashes, etc., was carted
to and placed in the filling at the Battery, together with an
old cobble—stone pavement found about eighteen inches under
the surface. The whole area was thorougly trenched and
shaped and covered with one foot of garden mould and fertil-

ized with horse manure.

The curb stone on Canal and West streets was taken up
and relaid, and on Hoboken street a five—inch blue-stone curb

was furnished and laid.

236

-.Tree holes in the sidewalk were excavated six feet in diam—
eter and three feet in depth, the material removed, and the

holes refilled with garden. mould.

The area and form of the Park are such as to require its

enclosure.

From the iron railing and brown—stone base formerly used
around the City Hall Park sufficient was found to make the

enclosure.
\

The base was redressed and set upon a rubble—stone founda—
Otion wall, three feet in depth, laid in hydraulic lime mortar,

and the railing placed upon the base and painted.

The sidewalks were graded and Surfaced with the Scharf

patent pavement.
The principal items of work done are as follows:

One hundred and twenty—eight cubic yards of masonry in

foundation.

Five hundred and seventy—five lineal feet base dressed and

set.

Five hundred and seventy-five lineal feet iron fence put up

and painted.

Five hundred and nineteen lineal feet curb furnished, set, and

reset.

Nine ”thousand four hundred and ten square feet walks

constructed.

Five hundred and nine cubic yards garden mould furnished.

One thousand cubic yards material removed to the Battery.

 

 

 

 

 

DUANE STREET

 

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IMPROVEMENTS of’ DUANE ST. PAR K» \\

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237

PARK AT “THE FIVE POINTS.”'

This triangular area is formed by Worth, Park, and Little
Water streets, and when enclosed as designed will contain an
area of 1101040 of an acre. It was intended to complete the
improvement last season, but as a petition of the property—

holders of that vicinity was then before the Common Council,

 

asking for an ordinance changing the grade of \Vorth street,
which would materially alter the grades surrounding the Park,
no work was done thereon, except the dressing of three Chun—
dred and fifty lineal feet of the brown-stone base (which was
taken from the City Hall Park), the dressing of the granite

posts for angles, and the delivery of the iron railing from the

Battery.
DUANE STREET PARK.

The location of this park is in Duane street, on the west
side of Hudson street. Previous to its improvement it was an
open common with a portion of the iron railing broken down,

and some of it carried awav,

The base, having originally been placed upon the surface

of the earth without a foundation, was without line or grade.

The curb for the most‘ part was worn out, and on the

southerly side was within two feet of the railing.

The improvements made have been the placing of a new
five-inch blue—stone curb around the Whole Park, the construc-
tion of a stone foundation laid in hydraulic lime mortar for the
support of the railing and the repairs of, and setting and paint-

ing of, the railing.

238

On Hudson street the railing was moved toward the curb 4%
feet, making the sidewalk twelve feet in width; and on the
south side it was set in. so as to form a sidewalk ten feet in
Width, the northerly line remaining as heretofore. The old su-
perstructure of the walks, consisting of flagging and brick, was
removed, and the Schillinger patent pavement of Portland ce—
ment substituted. The area within the enclosure was graded
and shaped, the soil being such as not to require fertilizing,
and sufficient topsoil was supplied from the park to fill the

holes excavated for trees to be placed in the sidewalks around

the Park.

The area of this Park as enclosed is 0% of an acre, and.

is triangular in form.

The improvement was completed in 1870, and consists

chiefly of 2
oily"???U of an acre trenched and graded.
Seventy—five cubic yards masonry in foundation.

Three hundred and thirty lineal feet granite base course re-

dressed and set.

Three hundred and thirty lineal feet iron railing repaired

and put in place.

Four hundred and ten lineal feet curb furnished, set, and

reset.

Two thousand nine hundred and fifty-seven lineal feet su-

perstructure of sidewalks.

 

 

‘Pfo‘xN .

IMPROVEMENTS of BEACH STREET PARK

Scale 30 ftto an inch.
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239

BEACH STREET PARK.

This Park is triangular in form, and is located in Beach
street, west of \Vest Broadway, and as enclosed contains an

area of 0—10—030—8(T of an acre.

It was originally enclosed so as to give only three and a
.half feet sidewalks on the north and sOuth sides, and nineteen

and two—thirds feet on Hudson street.

The granite base course was placed on the earth without
a foundation for its support, and was consequently much out

of place.

A stone foundation, laid in hydraulic lime mortar, three feet
in depth below the surface of the sidewalk, has been con-
structed, and the base course and iron railing placed thereon,

giving a sidewalk of twelve feet inwidth on all'sides.

A five-inch blue-stone curb was furnished and set around
the whole Park, and the sidewalks finished with a superstruc-
ture of the Schillinger patent pavement of Portland cement.
The interior was regulated and trenched, tree holes excavated
on theisidewalks, and filled with mou'ld procured from the
Park, and the surplus material and topsoil removed to the

Battery. .

The work was completed in 1870, and consists of:

Two hundred and twenty lineal feet granite base and iron
railing reset.
Fifty cubic yards masonry in foundation.

Three hundred and fifty-three lineal feet curb furnished and

set.

240

Three thousand and fifty square feet superstructure of

walks. ‘
SIXTH AVENUE PARKS.

These two triangular Parks are formed by Broadway cross-

ing the Sixth avenuediagonally.

The one with the base on Thirty—second street contains an
area of fi‘Lffi of an acre, and the other, with the base on

Thirty—fifth street, contains an area of T034323 of an acre.

The work of improvement, under the direction of this
Bureau, was commenced on the fifteenth day of September
last, and consists of the removal of the trap—block paving and
bridge stone which formed the superstructure of the sidewalks,
the resetting and adjusting of the curb, the excavation for the
trees, the filling of the holes excavated with topsoil, and the
regulating of the sidewalks for the superstructure, which is of

the Scharf patent pavement.

At the Thirty-second Street Park a drinking—hydrant was
placed on the exterior of the railing, and a street washer on
the inside for use of irrigation; also the plumbing was done,
and a foundation built for a small fountain, which was pre—
sented and put up by the Portland Stone Company, ‘without

cost to the Department.

The principal items of work done are $38063 of an acre
trenched and shaped; ten thousand four hundred and thirty-
eight square feet walks shaped and superstructure laid; one

hundred and seventy lineal feet curb reset.

 

 

PLAN

OF

IMPROVEMENTS ofVIthAVENUE' PARKS N911.

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24 I
TOMPKINs PARK.

This Park is located between Avenues A and B and Sev-
enth and Tenth streets, and in form is a square. It contains

5 0 8
IoTWU acres.

The Laws of 1866 declared Tompkins square “a public
parade ground for the use of the National Guard of the First
Division State of New York, at such times as commandants.
of regiments in said Division shall designate by orders,” and
it was thereby made “the duty of the Street Commissioner
of the City of New York before the first day of July, 1866,,
to remove all trees, and other obstructions,” from said square,
and to level and grade the surface of said square in such

manner as to render it available as such parade ground.”

The Legislature, in 1868, made an appropriation, to be ex-
pended under the direction of the Street Department, “for

paving Tompkins square, set apart for a military parade ground,
with Fisk concrete or other suitable pavement, so as to make.

the same availablevfor parade purposes.”

The square was found. graded, and with about two-thirds.
of the area covered with the Fisk concrete, with but few
trees standing, the most of which were either dead or in an,
unhealthy condition. The necessity of retaining the grounds
for a military parade ground, until such time as a ground
better adapted for the purpose shall have been secured and
prepared, is obvious; and the improvements that are being
made, and which are nearly completed, are of a temporary
character only, and with the View of ornamenting and pro—

viding necessary conveniences for the gratification of Visitors.

242

The work done has been exterior to the .line of lamps
which defined the line of the grounds available for parade pur-
poses, and which were located parallel to, and about sixty-

eight feet from, the fence enclosing the square.

Upon this strip the concrete has been broken up and re-

moved.

A width of twenty-five feet next adjoining the parade
grounds has been regulated for a walk, and is now being sur-
faced with the Scharf patent pavement. The remainder of the
border between the walk and railing is edged with a. two—inch
blue-stone curb along the walk, and enclosed with posts and
chain, and has been trenched and covered with garden mould,

and is being fertilized and prepared for seeding.

Provision has been made for lines of trees on each side ot
the walk. Basins have been built and pipes laid for the receiv—
ing and conducting of the surface water into the street sewers.
Water pipes have been laid for the supply of the drinking

hydrants, and other purposes.

Two keepers’ houses, with tool rooms attached, a music
stand, and two iron urinals, have been constructed. On. the
exterior the iron railing, the bars of which were at such dis-
tance apart as to permit boys to pass through, has hadZadditional

bars inserted, and is now being painted.

The curb stone surrounding the entire square has been
taken up and relaid, and the sidewalks regulated and covered
with a superstructure of asphalt pavement, with provisions for
a line of trees adjoining the curb. The principal items of work

done are as follows:

 

PLAN
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243

Two thousand eight hundred and forty—two lineal feet curb

reset.

Three thousand four hundred and thirty—one lineal feet two-

inch curb dressed and set.

One thousand seven hundred and seventeen lineal feet drain

and water pipe laid.

Twenty—three basins built.

One hundred and eleven thousand six hundred and seventy—

' one superficial feet walks constructed and in progress.
Three thousand cubic yards garden mould supplied.

Four hundred and twenty-five locust posts furnished and set.

WASHINGTON PARK.

This Park, originally known as “Washington Parade
Ground,” was a rectangular area nine hundred and fifty feet
by four hundred and forty—six and one—half feet, but the ex—
tension of Laurens street, from Fourth street to the intersection
of Fifth avenue with Waverly place, crosses the grounds

diagonally, dividing them into two unequal areas.

The design presented and adopted by the Board, and which
is now being carried out, provides for three separate and
distinct roadways diverging from the Fifth avenue, at its in—
tersection with Waverly place, and crossing the grounds to,
and intersecting Fourth street as follows, viz.: the easterly line
opposite Laurens street, the central line at Thompson street,
and the westerly line opposite the point where Sullivan street
would intersect Fourth street if opened through the block
from Amity street, which opening should for public convenience

be made at an early day.

244

The construction of these roadways across the grounds
converging into the Fifth avenue affords direct access for travel.
between the upper and lower portion of the city, at least as.
far down as Canal street, by three separate streets (Laurens,
Thompson, and Sullivan), all of which are parallel to Broad—a
way, and if properly paved cannot fail to relieve materially
that overcrowded thoroughfare from Canal street to Twenty--
third street.

At the intersection of the roadways, and at the centre of"
the original rectangle, a large fountain, with a basin eighty
feet in diameter, is in progress, and is to be surrounded with
a walk twenty—five feet in width and well shaded. This.
fountain will properly be the commencement of the Fifth.

avenue.

By the constructure of the roadways, four areas have been
formed. The two main areas are laid out with walks, etc.;;
the two smaller ones, whose bases are on Fourth street, will,
have no interior walks. The area of the grounds, as originally-

inclosed, was 91703080 acres, and the area, exclusive of the road-

 

 

ways, is 81101050 acres. The work of improvement was com—
menced on the sixth day of October last, and the grading of
the roadways and walks, and the shaping in the rough, are:

well advanced.

The necessary change of nearly the whole surface caused?
the topsoil or muck to be removed, and to be placed in piles;
until such time as the subsoil was properly shaped, and upon
a portion the muck was found covered over with a layer
of one or two feet of Crude earth, which caused the rehand—

ling of a, large amount of material.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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245

Sufficient mould, not required for use in this Park, was
procured to cover the whole area devoted to lawns at Tomp—

Qkins square, and was transported to that Park.

A six—inch blue—stone curb has been placed around all the
roadways within the Park, and sufficient curb of the same
(quality is on the ground and is being placed around the}

whole exterior. ~

A curb of two inches edge is being dressed out of the i
old curb of this and other Parks and placed at the side of
“the walks. ‘ i

The Superstructure of the roadways is to be of what iS‘

known as the “S. H. Ingersoll improved wood pavement.”

The flooring and blocks laid last season, from the Fifth
:avenue to Laurens street, were treated by the “Robbins pro-p

cess for preserving wood.”

Upon the remainder the flooring and blocks are to. be
‘“ Burnetized.”

The superstructure of thewalk is to be of “Day’s vulcan-
:ized concrete.” - . r 7

The fountain basin, the excavation for which is in progress,
«consists of a rubble—stone and concrete bottom paved with
brick, and a brick rim, capped with mountain grawacke stone.

'The design for the fountain has not yet been determined.

An ample and thorough system for the drainage of the
:surface water, sewerage, etc., is in progress of construction
and nearly completed. The iron railing and granite base have
mostly been taken down and removed, and so much as will
be required to enclose Reservoir square is being transported
to that Park.

246

The work is now so far advanced that it is expected that
the superstructure of the roads and walks, the setting of the.
curb, and the final shaping, fertilizing, and seeding of the
'grounds will be completed early in the summer.

The quantities of work done to the present date are as

follows :
.Thirty thousand cubic yards earth handled.

One hundred and eleven thousand six hundred and sixty

square feet walks graded and substructure placed thereon.

Seven thousand eight hundred and fifty—five square yards

roads graded and prepared for superstructure.

Four thousand three hundred and fifty square yards pave—

ment laid.
Three thousand and thirty-five lineal feet six—inch curb set-

Two thousand five hundred and sixty—five lineal feet two-

inCh curb cut and set.

Two thousand one hundred and sixty lineal feet drain pipe
laid.

Five street. basins: built.

Sixteen silt basins built.

PARK AT COOPER TNSTITUTE.

This triangular area, containing 12T20‘4v acres, is formed by
the intersection of Third and Fourth avenues, with its base

on Seventh street.

The improvements made have been the trenching and re—

shaping of the grounds, the erection of an iron urinal near

 

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247

the Seventh street entrance, with a walk to and from ' the
same, and the laying of the necessary Croton water and drain-

age pipes for its use and for irrigation.

'In my opinion, the improvements still required are the re—.
moval of the present high and close iron railing, which now
almost prevents a view of the grounds from the exterior, and
the substitution of railing and base - from Washington square
instead, a new six—inch curb and walk superstructure to be
substituted in place of the present curb and flagging, and the
erection of a drinking hydrant for horses at the southerly end

of the sidewalk surrounding the Park.

UNION PARK.

The sidewalk exterior to and surrounding the Park was of
the Fisk concrete, and had become entirely disintegrated.
The work of its removal and the laying of the Scharf patent
pavement was commenced in December last,,but the frost in—
terrupted the work until the present season. It is now com-

pleted.

The necessary removal of the subsoil and deposit of mould
have been made for a line of trees around the exterior of the

Park. No work has been done on the interior.

The necessary surveys have been made, the plan for its im—
provement prepared and adopted, and it is intended to com-
mence the work at an early day. The area of the park is
3%53—(3—0 acres. The removal of the present high iron and stone
enclosure, and the widening ofhthe sidewalk to twenty feet in

width, are recommended.

248
MADISON PARK.

The necessary surveys have been completed and a plan for
"its improvement submitted to the Board for approval. The
resolution adopted by the Department On the 20th of December
last, “that in preparing the new plan for the improvement of
Madison square the line of the square be changed so as to
carry the easterly line of Broadway, at Twenty—third street, as
near as practicable in a direct line to Twenty—fifth street, and
thereby provide additional and necessary carriage—way for public
accommodation at that point,” has been carried out in the plan
prepared by starting the curb line at the easterly curb line of
Broadway, at Twenty—third street, and by sweeping around >
with a regular curve of large radius to the line of the east—

erly curb of the Fifth avenue, at Twenty—sixth street.

This will add about sixty feet to the width of the carriage—
way at this most contracted point. It is also proposed to
surround the Worth monument with a circle, the curb line of
which is to be twenty feet from the present enclosing fence,
and thereby utilize the large area south of the monument as

a carriage—way.

The design contemplates the construction of two small
fountains, with basins about thirty feet in diameter, and the
construction of walks with easy curved lines affording means
of crossing from one side of the Park to the other in nearly

a direct line; The area of the Park, if changed to the pro-

 

posed plan, will be 61409020 acres.

RESERVOIR PARK.

This Park comprises the grounds between the old 'Receiving

Reservoir and the Sixth avenue and Fortieth and Forty—second,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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V"? AVENUE

PROPOSED PLAN
of

IMPROVEMENTS of MADISON PARK.

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249

:streets, and was the site of the Crystal Palace, destroyed by
fire in October, 1858. i

It contains an area of 49-3556 acres. The plan presented for
its improvement was adopted, and work commenced, on the

"Twenty-seventh day of March last.

The location of the Park is such as will admit of its treat-
ment more as a pleasure ground than as’ a location requiring

accommodation for business, public travel, etc.

The design that is being carried out is to give to the
passer—by a View of the interior, and at the same time afford

the visitor within the enclosure a retired retreat.

The walks are winding, and at the same time give nearly
.a direct line of communication between the several entrances.
*On the central portion of the area is to be placed a Music
Pavilion, surrounded by a. large open lawn, which is to be

open to the public on music days.

Two light iron summer houses and a cottage for ladies and
children are proposed to be constructed, together with the
requisite systems for drainage and Croton water. The present
railing, which was’originally constructed for the enclosing and
protection of the Crystal Palace, and which from the action-
of the fire and its long exposure is in bad condition, is to
be removed, and replaced with a portion of the railing and

granite base from W’ashington Park.

ABINGDON, STUYVESANT, AND CHRISTOPHER STREET PARKS.

No plans of improvement have as yet been prepared for
these Parks, but it is expected that their improvement will

be made and completed during the present season.

25o

Their areas are as follows:

' 202 '
Ablngdon, oTWF acres.
Stuyvesant, 4T2??? acres.

Christopher Street, of??? acres.

MORNINGSIDE PARK.

This Park contains an area of 31%U%86 acres, and is formed
of the ridge of rock, mostly bare, from One Hundred and.
Tenth street to the Manhattan valley, and mainly between

Ninth and Tenth avenues.

The face is a steep and precipitous slope,.rising to a
height of about one hundred feet above the level land known
as the Harlem plain, a small portion of which is comprised
within its limits.

Its boundaries are One Hundred and Tenth street on the
south, and New avenue, midway between the Eighth and.
Ninth avenues, to One Hundred and Thirteenth street, the.
diagonal avenue to Ninth avenue, and Ninth avenue to One
Hundred and Twenty—third street on the east, One Hundred
and Twenty-third street on the nerth, and on the west by
Tenth avenue to One Hundred and Twenty—second street and
.the New avenue on top of the bluff from One Hundred and
Twenty-second street to One Hundred and Tenth street to its
intersection with Ninth avenue. A topographical survey. and
map of the Park are in progress, and are necessary before

[any plan for its improvement can be determined upon.

HIGH BRIDGE PARK.

The report of the commissioners appointed to assess the

damage and benefit of opening this Park was confirmed by

251

the Supreme Court on the eighteenth day of October, 1869,
and‘the actual opening thereof was on the Twenty—first day

of the same month.

The new Croton Reservoir, the tower for high service of
Croton water, and Engine House, and approach to High

Bridge, are all within these grounds.

The front upon the Harlem river is steep and precipitous,
and rises from tide water to the top of the coping of the-

Reservoi‘r, about two hundred and seventeen and one—half feet.

The topographical survey and map which have been in
progress will soon be completed, from which Can be deter-

mined a plan for its improvement,

The area of the ground, including the Reservoir, is 231%

acres.

The following table shows the areas of the different Pub-
lic Parks of the city, as at present improved or in process of

firing improved .-

Battery ................................ , ............ 21 . 199 acres.
Bowling Green » .................................... I 0.517 “'
City Hall........ ................................... 8.234 ‘4
Duane Street ..................... _ .................. O. 108 “
Five Points ......................................... O. 114 “
Beach Street ........................................ 0.038 “
Canal Street ........................................ 0.318 “
Christopher Street ................................... O. I 39 “
Washington ........................................ 8. I I 5 ‘ ‘
Cooper Institute. . . . . . L .................... . ......... 0-224 “
Tompkins .......................................... IO . 508 ‘ ‘
Abingdon .......................................... o. 202 “
Stuyvesant ......................... .. ...... _ .......... 4. 229 ‘ ‘
Union ............................................. 3 . 483 ‘ ‘
Madison ............................... . ............ 6 . 492 ‘ ‘

Sixth Avenue ....................................... o. 186 ‘ 4

252

Park Avenue ........................................ 1.165 acres.
Reservoir ......................................... 4. 775 ‘ ‘
Central ......................................... 867 . 070 “
Mount Morris ....... ‘ ................................ 20.173 “
Morningside ............................... . ......... 31 .238 “
High Bridge ....................................... 23,380 “
Boulevard and Sixty—third street ...................... 0.344 “

III. IMPROVEMENT OF “THE BOULEVARD” AND

OTHER AVENUES AND STREETS.

““ THE BOULEVARD,” FROM FIFTY-NINTH TO ONE HUNDRED AND

FIFTY—FIFTH STREET.

The work of regulating and grading this avenue was com-
menced in September, 1868, and has been prosecuted without

interruption to the present date.

Since the organization of the present Department, and by
"its direction, the work haspbeen more vigorously prosecuted
than heretofore, and the grading, with the exception of the
heavy filling between Eighty—second and Eighty—sixth streets,
and the excavation between One Hundred and Fifty—second and
One Hundred and Fifty—fifth streets, which are well advanced,

is mainly completed.

The line of the avenue from Fifty—ninth street to Eighty-
eighth street, and from One Hundred and Fourth street to
One Hundred and Eighth street, follows the course of the

 

 

 

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4253

Bloomingdale road, which is an old and much traveled road,
it being the main line of travel from the upper and west side
of the city, and every possible effort has been made during

the past season to afford accommodation to the travel.

At the date of the organization of the Department but little:
had been done toward the advancement of the superstructure:

of the avenue.

About twenty thousand seven hundred square yards of. the
Telford foundation had been laid, three thousand one hundred.
and fifty lineal feet, of roadway curbed, and twelve thousand,
seven hundred cubic yards of gneiss stone broken; but no pro—
vision had been made for the top course of broken stOne of

trap—rock.

In compliance with the resolution adopted by the Board on:
the sixth of May last, a report was made upon the condition
of the work and the materials and means required to com--
plete the superstructure of one roadway of forty feet in width,
' from Fifty—ninth to Eighty—eighth street, and from One Hun——
dred and Third street to One Hundred and Eighth street, so
as to provide, in connection with the Bloomingdale road, a
passable roadway during the winter months. This was ac—

complish ed.

The portion from Fifty—ninth street to Eighty-eighth street;
was opened to the public on the first day of November, and
from One Hundred and Third street to One Hundred and
Eighth street, on the twenty—fourth day of November.

In addition to this a continuous line of Telford pavement.
has been laid to One Hundred and Twenty-seventh street, and

broken stone of gneiss placed thereon.

254'

The Telford pavement for the second roadway, from Fifty-
ninth street to Seventy-seventh street, is nearly completed; and
the Telford pavement and broken stone laid on both sides for
* about threeblocks, between One Hundred and Thirty—ninth and
One Hundred and Forty—third streets.

The curb is set, the first layer of broken stone rolled, and
the top layer of trap-rock placed upon one roadway from
Eighty—eighth street to One Hundred and Third street; with
the present means and supply of materials, and with the aid
of another steam roller which has been ordered, there will be
no difficulty in not only completing one roadway through to One
Hundred and Fifty—fifth street, but also advancing the second

far towards completion during the present season.

The plan adopted for the improvement of the avenue is as
shown by the accompanying section, and consists of a sidewalk
on each side, of 'twenty—four feet in width, two carriage—ways
of forty feet in width, with a strip twenty—two feet in width
at the centre; and to have four lines of curb, with a row
of trees along each curb, together with a sewer, Croton water,

and gas pipes placed under each sidewalk.

The superstructure is being constructed upon what is known

as the Telford plan.

A description of the work may be useful as a matter of

record.
It is briefly as follows:

The road—bed is trimmed to the required 'form, which is a
descent of eight inches from the curb along the centre strip
to the outer curb, and the ground is made firm by the use

of a six—and-a—half—ton roller.

255

Upon the prepared road-bed, a pavement of quarry stones is
set by hand, the stones being from eight to ten inches in depth,
three to six inches in width, and not. exceeding fourteen inches
in length, and of as nearly an uniform size as possible, with

parallel sides.

The stones are laid lengthwise across the road, with the
broadest edges down. After being closely set together, they
are firmly wedged by inserting and driving down with 'a bar
used for the purpose, in all possible places, stones of the same
depth, until every stone is bound and clamped in the proper

position.

The projections of the stones on the top of the pavement
are then broken off with a light hammer, and the spalls worked
into the interstices not already filled by the process of wedg-
ing, by which the pavement is reduced to an even surface of

eight inches.

Broken stones of gneiss, of a size to pass through a ring
two inches in diameter, are then spread evenly over the pave—
ment to such a depth as will make six inches when rolled.
This layer is then rolled, first with a six—and—a—half—ton horse
roller, so that the steam roller can pass over without difficulty,
and, when thoroughly compact, is in readiness for the top

layer.

The top layer is of broken stone of trap—rock, of a size to
pass through a ring one and a half inches in diameter, spread
evenly over to such a depth as will bring the surface to the
proper grade. After being made thoroughly compact, screened
gravel, to the depth of about one and a half inches, is spread
on top, and thoroughly rolled. '

256

Both the stone and gravel are kept well moistened, by
means of sprinkling carts, while the rolling is ’going on, and
the gravel, working down into the interstices under the roller,

consolidates the. whole material.

When completed, the entire depth of pavement, stone, and

gravel is eighteen inches.

It has been found impracticable to consolidate the stone,
when placed on the road, by the heaviest rolling with a six—-
teen-ton steam roller, without some binding material. Hard.
gravel has been used for this purpose as being preferable to:
loam or other material. When the avenue is first thrown open».
to travel the roadway is kept moist by sprinkling, and a mam
is employed to pick off any stones that may be loosened by'
the feet of horses, and a two-horse roller is kept passing over‘

it until it becomes thoroughly compaCt and smooth.

It would be very desirable to have the construction of the‘
sewers, which, by chapter three hundred and sixty—seven, sec—
tion seven, of the Laws of 1866, are to be constructed under
the direction of this Department, commenced as soon as the
plans shall be prepared by the Department of Public Works;

and also the laying of the Croton water and gas pipes.

The quantities of work done since September, 1868, when.

the work was commenced, are as follows:

Two hundred and thirty-four thousand cubic yards earthv
excavation.

“One hundred and thirty—one thousand four hundred cubic
yards rock excavation.

Two hundred and sixty-three thousand cubic yards filling,

in addition to filling made from excavaticn.

. 257

Forty—two thousand six hundred square yards roadway
finished complete.

One hundred and thirteen thousand four hundred square

yards Telford foundation laid.
Forty—seven thousand cubic yards macadam stone broken.

Seven thousand two hundred and fifty cubic yards macadam

stone of trap—rock finished.

Twenty-six thousand nine hundred lineal feet curb stone

set.

Twenty—eight thousand seven hundred square feet flagging
laid and relaid.

As portions of the roadway have been completed, they have
been opened for public use, andra repair and maintenance
force has been placed thereon, keeping the loose stones picked
up, the droppings removed, and the road moistened to' pre-

vent dust, etc.

I
SEVENTH AVENUE, FROM ONE HUNDRED AND TENTH STREET TO
THE HARLEM RIVER.

The length of this avenue, from the northerly end of the
Central Park to the exterior street on the Harlem river, is

two and two—fifths miles.

The quantity of material to be excavated and removed for
its regulating and grading was estimated to be four hundred
and eighty-one thousand five hundred cubic yards, of which

about four—fifths was rock.

The work of regulating and grading is being prosecuted

under contract.

258

The first contract was made for the upper section (north
of One Hundred and Forty—Seventh street) on prtember 13th,
1866, and for the lower section (from One Hundred and Tenth
street to One Hundred and Forty-seventh street) on June 7th,
1867. '

The work is now rapidly approaching completion.

The plan for finishing the surface of the avenue is as shown
by the accompanying plan, and consists of a roadway eighty.
feet in width, with sidewalks thirty—five feet ‘in width, with a
line of sewer, Croton, and gas pipes under each sidewalk, and

'a row of trees along each curb.

Contracts have been made for the laying of the Telford
foundation, and broken stone of gneiss, and for the blue—stone
curb, and flagging. The work upon the foundation pavement,

and the delivery of the curb, are now in progress.

It would be very desirable that the construction of the
sewers should be commenced at once, and that the laying of
the water and gas pipes should be commenced as soon as the

sidewalks are graded and prepared for their reception.'

The following quantities of work have been done since the

20th of April last, viz.:

Seventeen thousand six hundred cubic yards earth excava—

tion.

Fifty—nine thousand five hundred cubic yards rock excava-

tion.

 

 

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259
SIXTH AVENUE, FROM ONE HUNDRED AND TENTH STREET TO THE
HARLEM RIVER, NEAR ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SIXTH STREET.

The length Of this avenue, from the northerly terminus of
the Central Park at One Hundred and Tenth street to the
point where the same has been regulated and graded at the
Harlem river, is 19635 miles. This avenue was Opened on
May 1st, 1868, and as soon as the surveys had been made the
work of regulating and grading was commenced, and was com-
pleted in, August, 1870.

The surface Of the ground for nearly the whole distance
was below the established grade, and the material for forming
the embankment (with the exception Of about twenty—one thou-
sand cubic yards, Which were on the avenue and above grade),
was supplied from sources exterior to the avenue. The sec-
tion north of One Hundred and Thirty—eighth street was done
by contract, the material being supplied from the surplus ex-
cavation Of the Seventh avenue. The work south of One
Hundred and Thirty—eighth street was done by days’ work by
men in the employ of the Department, the material for the
filling being Obtained from cellar excavations and the grading

of private property, etc.

The total filling required, exclusive of the material furnished
from the excavation of the avenue, was two hundred and
eighty thousand two hundred cubic yards. The finished sur-
face of this avenue is as shown by the accompanying plan, and
consists of a carriage-way eighty feet in width, with sidewalks
thirty—five feet in width, with a line Of a sewer, Croton and
gas pipes under each sidewalk, and a line of trees ‘along the

curb line.

t

260

The roadway is of Telford pavement, eight inches in
depth, covered with ten inches of macadam stone. A contract
was made for the laying of the Telford pavement and broken
stone of gneiss from One Hundred and Tenth street to One
Hundred and Forty—fifth street, in July last, and the section
between One Hundred and Tenth and One Hundred and.
Twenty—fifth streets was completed before the first of December
last (as per the terms of the contract), and the curb and flag—
ging were furnished and set; and only for the impossibility
of securing a' sufficient quantity of broken stone of trap—rock,
either by contract or otherwise, it would have been completed
before the frost set in. This, however, has been accomplished.
this season, and the avenue from One Hundred and Tenth
street to One Hundred and Twenty—fifth street will be opened
for public use on the 22d inst. The laying of the Telford and
the delivery of the broken stone and curb, are so far advanced
as to*safely promise its completion to One Hundred and Forty—
fifth street by'the first of October next.

The following are the quantities of work done for the

superstructure since thetwentieth of April last, viz.:

Fifteen thousand cubic yards earth excavation (trimming
roadbed and sidewalks).

Seventy—four thousand six hundred square yards Telford
furnished and laid.

Twenty; thousand nine hundred cubic yards broken stone

furnished.
Eight thousand nine hundred and forty lineal feet curb laid.

Twenty—six thousand three hundred square feet flagging.

261

THE AVENUE ST. NICHOLAS, FROM ONE HUNDRED AND TENTH‘

STREET TO ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY—FIFTH STREET.

This avenue is one hundred feet in width, and commences
at the intersection of Sixth avenue and One Hundred and/
Tenth street, and follows the line of the Harlem lane to the
Eighth avenue; thence to One Hundred and Twenty-sixth
:street, and along at the base” of the high rock ridge between
Eighth and Ninth avenues,’to its intersection with the Ninth
avenue at One Hundred and Forty—fifth street, from which
point it follows the line of the Ninth avenue to One Hundred
.and Forty—eighth street, and the line of the Kingsbridge road
'to One Hundred and Fifty—fifth street.‘ A contract for the
regulating and grading of the portion between One Hundred
.and Twenty-fifth and One Hundred and Fifty—fifth streets was
made on the thirtieth day of November, 1869, and the work

"was commenced and is still in progress.

Upon the portion ,of the avenue between One Hundred and
‘Tenth and One ‘Hundred and Twenty—fifth streets the present
:surface of the ground is below the established grade for the
entire distance, and consequently affords no material for the

necessary filling.

The material, therefore, must be procured from outside the

line of the avenue.

The necessary surveys have been made, and, by direction
~s-of the Board, the work was commenced in October last, and
is now being prosecuted by workmen in the employ of the
l Department, under the direction of this Bureau, as well as by

«contract.

262

The work has thus far progressed without interfering with
the travel upon Harlem lane, which is the main thoroughfare
to and from the north end of the island, and the completion
of the Sixth avenue, from One Hundred and Tenth street to
One Hundred and Twenty—fifth street, within a few days will

obviate any such interference.

In ‘August last the grading of the avenue following the line
.of the Kingsbridge road, from One Hundred and Forty—eighth
street (the point where the avenue diverges from the line of
. the road) to One Hundred and Fifty—fifth street, was so far
advanced as to make it practicable to construct the super~
structure thereon before the winter months, thereby affording
the vicinity and north of One Hundred and Fifty—second street;

1 a passable roadway in connection with the old road.

Agreeably to. instruction, a plan for the superstructure,
with the location of the sewers and Croton and gas pipes,
was prepared, and, with a report thereon, was'submitted. On
the fifth of September, the plan was approved and adopted by
the Board, and the work directed to be proceeded with forth—V
with. The materials were ordered at once, and the stone:
foundation, curb, gutter, and flagging, and one coat of gravel,
were in place and rolled previous to the stoppage Of the:
work by the frost, and afforded the accommodation to the-
public intended. The final surface of gravel is now being-

* applied.

The plan adopted for the improvement of this avenue is
as shown by the accompanying drawing, and consists of a
roadway of fifty—five feet in width, with sidewalks twenty—two.
and a half feet wide, a sewer, Croton and gas pipes laid under‘

each sidewalk, and a line of trees along each curb.

263

The superstructure of the roadway is a rubble—stone foun—
dation twelve inches in thickness, and surfaced with siX inches .x
of gravel, and with a twenty—inch curb of five inches edge,

and a fourteen—inch blue—stone gutter.

The manner of construction is briefly as follows:

The road—bed is truly shaped and trimmed with a crown
of eight inches at the centre, and made firm by the use of
a roller. Upon this prepared road-bed rubble stones, such as
are obtained from ordinary rock excavation, are deposited from
carts. The stones that are too large are broken up, and the

surface evenly adjusted by a little labor of the hand.

The largest stones used are to be not over nine inches in
dimensions measured the largest way, and are generally less
than that in size, and so far as practicable are uniform in size.
The curb is set while the work of placing the stone is pro-
gressing. The layer having been properly formed, it is surfaced
by spreading over it fine rubble or quarry chips, or, if these
are not available, it is broken over by hammers to‘ fill the
interstices and smooth the surface, and a light roller passed

over to compact it.

A light layer of gravelly earth or hard pan is then spread
over and moistened by means of sprinkling carts, and rolled
down firmly with a light roller, so as to effectually close all
apertures and interstices aganst the admission of the gravel to

be placed on top.

The grave is applied in two layers, and all the large stones
raked out and removed and while being rolled it is kept well

moistened, care being taken not to have it too wet.

264

The first layer'is well compacted before applying the top
layer. _

Before the roller is put on the last or top layer a light
coat of gravelly loam or hard pan, about one-fifth of the bulk
of the gravel, is spread and thoroughly intermixed with the
gravel by the use of rakes, so as to make it bind properly,
care being taken that too much loam is not applied, and that

it is well incorporated with the gravel.

The road is then thoroughly rolled, and until the surface

has. become hard and consolidated.

Men skilled in shaping, raking, and keeping true the grade
and crown of the surface are employed during the finishing of
the surface. '

’ While thefirst layer of gravel is being rolled the gutter

stone should be set.

It is believed that gravel roads constructed with either rub-
ble 0]” Telford stone foundations are better suited for light and
pleasure travel, and are more agreeable both for carriages and
horses, less difficult and expensive to maintain, require less
attention in watering, and raise less dust than roads finished

with a macadam surface.
The quantities of work done since the twentieth of April

last are as follows:

Thirty-two thousand cubic yards earth excavation.

Seventeen thousand cubic yards rock excavation.
Twenty-five thousand cubic yards filling furnished.

Three thousand eight hundred cubic yards rubble stone in

superstructure of ro adway

 

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265

Three thousand nine hundred lineal feet curb and gutter

furnished and set.

Two thousand nine hundred lineal feet flagging furnished
and laid.

ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY—FIFTH STREET, BETWEEN SIXTH AND

SEVENTH AVENUES.

A contract for the regulating and grading of this street was
made on the 7th of June, 1869, and the work was completed

in June last.

The entire Work was embankment, and the material required
was thirty—six thousand six hundred cubic yards, all of which

was procured outside the line of the street.

It is desirable that the superstructure upon this portion of
‘the street should be constructed, by which an outlet can be
had from the upper end of the Sixth avenue to the Central
Bridge by way of the Seventh avenue.

'TENTH AVENUE, FROM ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY—FIFTH STREET TO
ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-FOURTH STREET, AT FORT GEORGE.

The necessary surveys, profiles, and preliminary estimates for
“the regulating and grading of this avenue, the length of which

is 1% miles, are in progress, and nearly completed.

FORCE IN THE EMPLOY OF THE DEPARTMENT.

In the organization of the force employed under the direc-
tion of this Bureau, the aim has been to perfect such methods
as should secure punctuality, order, and safety, a just and equal

requirement of each man and of each gang, and the utmost

266

precaution to prevent errors in the returns of time, and the
payment of the public money to any man for a single hour’s
work which he has not actually and honestly given to the

Department.

The force is arranged in gangs of from twenty to fifty men,

and a foreman is placed over each gang.

They are placed in divisions, and over each division is placed

a general foreman.

The general foremen, as well as the foreman, are responsible
for the efficiency of the men under them, for the economy and
manner of doing the work, and for the carrying out of the
orders given by the Assistant Engineer in charge, or the Head

of the Bureau.

The general foremen personally report to and receive their

instructions from the Head of the Bureau each day.

In order to check, and as a security against, any discrep-
ancy or dishonesty that might occur in marking “present” any
man who was absent or not in line at roll call, the general.
foremen are required to count the number of men in one or
more of their gangs each day, and report the same to the:

office.

Foremen report to and receive their instructions from their
general foreman, and are responsible for an accurate return of
the time wrought by each man in his gang, and to which he
is required to make an affidavit at the end of each pay term
of two weeks. They are also required to make a written report
each day, stating the location and kind of work upon" which

the gang has been engaged, the time in hours expended, and

I 267

the number of men employed. Foremen are required to be
upon the work constantly during work hours, unless they have
a written leave of absence, or in case of sickness, for which.

time theyare not paid.

.Men are required to be in line at roll call, and if absent.
at first roll call are not allowed to commence work until the:
third roll call.

If absent from work three successive days, they cannot rew
sume their places without a written restoration from the office;
and if absent longer than one week their names are dropped
from the roll, and they cannot resume work except by new ap-

pointment.

It is the duty of all officers and foremen under the direc-
tion of this Bureau to report daily all cases of neglect of'
duty, inefficiency, or insubordination; and any person who_has.
any request or complaint to make, or desires to answer any
charge or report against him, has opportunity by calling at
the office of the Head of the Bureau between the hours of‘

nine and ten, A. M.“ when his case is invariably attended to.

The present force employed under the direction of this;

Bureau is as follows:

Four general foremen, one in charge of the work upon the
City Parks, one of masonry on Central Park, one of the Boum
levard, and one of Sixth avenue, Avenue St. Nicholas, and.

Mount Morris square.
Fifty-five foremen on all the works of improvement.

One thousand nine hundred and fifty—eight men (which in-

cludes mechanics and teams).

268
THE ENGINEER CORPS.
The Engineer Corps consists at present of—

Eight Assistant Engineers;

One Draughtsman;
One Plane Table Surveyor;

Seven Rodmen ;

Twenty-one Chainmen and Axmen;

Two Inspectors.

There are also employed, in connection with this Bureau,
two clerks, one acting as secretary and accountant to the
Head of the Bureau, and one as office assistant, engaged in
the computation of quantities and keeping the account of labor,
materials, etc., and also one foreman detailed for the measure-

ment and inspection of material, and one messenger.

The duties of the Engineer Corps in many respects are
more varied than those required upon public works generally,

.and are of a different character.

Upon a work of such variety and detail as is under the
«control of the Department, besides attending to the portion
governed by well—defined rules and plans of construction, much
care and attention are required to carry out the instructions
that apply to the work, to secure the thorough construction
and finish desired, to give the necessary attention to the work— i
'ing operations of the force employed by the Department, and"
make the required inspection, measurements, and estimate of the

materials furnished and work done by contract.

In the proposed plan for the organization of the Engineer

Corps, reported in May last, and approved by the Board, the

269

main, object ‘was to perfect such an organization as would
carry out the views set forth in the report of the Committee
on By-laws, viz.:

“To have every employé feel the responsibility of his position, and to impress upon him
the necessity for the exercise of his best personal attention and judgment in the performance

of his duties.”

The responsibility given, together with the selections and
appointments made by the Department to fill the several posi-
tions in the corps, with those only who are competent, has
furnished the Department with an efficient and effective corps

of Engineers.

It affords me great pleasure and satisfaction to acknowledge
the intelligent and efficient manner in which the Assistant Engi—
neers and the members of the corps generally have discharged
their duties; and to the assistants and draughtsmen great credit
is due for their co-operation in advancing the work under the

direction of the Department.

The co—operation of the several Bureaus has been such as to
materially assist and facilitate the carrying forward of the work

. of the Department under the direction of this Bureau.

Respectfully submitted,

M. A. KELLOGG,

Engz'nerr-in- C /z 2? f

 

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'OFrTHE

:EPORT 

 

 

 

SUPPLEMENT TO

REPORT OF THE ENGINEER—IN—CHIEF.

l

BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIRS,

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS, 7
Feérzmm/ 41/1, 1871.

HON. HENRY HILTON,
Vice—President, D. P. P. .'

SIR :mAgreeably tO instructions, the following report upon
the site for the Zoological and Botanical Gardens proposed to
be erected upon the Central Park is herewith respectfully sub—
mitted.

THE GROUNDS FORMERLY KNOWN AS “MANHATTAN SQUARE.”

The grounds selected for and upon which the former Com-
missioners of the Central Park had decided to locate the Gar—
dens, and upon which work was commenced in 1868, continued
during 1869, and until April last, were the grounds formerly
known as “Manhattan square,” situate between the Eighth and

Ninth avenues and Seventy—Seventh and Eighty—first streets.

It contains, exclusive of tWenty feet added to the width of
Seventy-seventh and Eighty—first streets each, an area of ”18—36%
acres, from which Should be deducted the area of about Iffi

acres that will be occupied bylthe slopes of the avenues and

0
L0

274

streets surrounding, and which cannot be utilized. This reduces
the area that is actually available for the Gardens to 173177

acres.

The entire surface is extremely uneven and broken, and
varies in elevation from fifty-two feet to one hundred and.
four feet above high water; the lower portiOns being marshy,
and in part covered with pOols of stagnant water, while the
higher portions are bold and rocky bluffs, mostly bare of soil

and vegetation.

In order to define more clearly the broken and uneven sur—
face of the ground, the following statement, showing the dif-
ference between the elevation of the ground adjoining the sur—
rounding avenues and streets, and the grades of the same, is

presented, together with the annexed profiles:

Commencing on the Eighth avenue, at Seventy-seventh street
the surface of the ground inside the square is from thirty feet
to thirty—six feet below the grade of the avenue for aidistance

of about six hundred feet.

Two hundred feet farther northward the surface is fifteen
feet above, and at Eighty—first street it is seven feet below, the
grade.

Along Eighty-first street the surface of the ground, for a
distance of about two hundred feet, is from seven feet to eleven
feet below the grade, and thence westward it rapidly descends
to thirty-four feet below, and then the ground rises to twenty

and one-half feet above the grade at the Ninth avenue.

On the Ninth avenue the surface at Eighty-first street is
twenty and one-half feet above the grade of the avenue, and

about midway between Eighty-first and Seventy-seventh streets

 

 

 

 

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PROFILE s .

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‘275

it is seventeen feet below, and thence it rises to about the
grade, and then descends to twenty—four and one—half feet below.

the grade of Seventy-seventh street.

Along Seventy-seventh street the surface is from twenty—four,
' and one-half feet to thirty-three and one—half feet below the

grade for a distance of five hundred feet east of Ninth avenue.

It then rises rapidly to fifteen feet below, and at Eighth

avenue it is thirty-one feet below the grade of the avenue.

The surface of the interior, as will be seen by the accom—

panying map, is equally irregular.

DRAINAGE.

A thorough drainage of the entire area. should have been
made, or at least provided for, previous to any attempt at other
improvements. It embraces the removal of all stagnant and
standing water, and directing of all springs and surface water
into proper channels, and the Whole conducted off in drains

constructed for the purpose.

The only provision toward this important object is a sewer
of about five hundred feet in length, that has been constructed,
«connecting with the regular city sewer in Seventy-seventh street,
which . passes through Seventy-seventh street, Tenth avenue,
Seventy—fifth street, Ninth avenue, and Seventy-first street to
the North river.

The elevation of thissewer is considerably above the sur—

, ace of the pools of water standing upon the square and the

lands adjoining.

The area of the grounds which cannot be drained through

this sewer, and much of which is covered with stagnant water,

276

is about 3% acres, or about one—sixth of the whole area of the
square. The drainage of this area should and could have been
provided for in the construction of the city sewer, if proper

attention hadUbeen given to the subject.

The filling in of the area that cannot be drained will not.

dispose of the ‘water, or obviate its effects.

The water falling upon the ground, perhaps at a considerable
distance, passes through the surface soil until it meets a sub--
strata, through which it cannot penetrate, and along whlch it
will descend until it reaches the lowest point, or, a point where,
it becomes confined, and if not drained (as in this case it can- -
not be, by the present system of sewerage), it will ascend by
capillary attraction into the filling above, and keep the surface-
cold, damp, and wet, making the immediate locality and its ad-i
jacent surroundings unhealthy and unfit for the animals to be-

there confined.

SEWERAGE.

The system of sewers and pipes for the conduit of the sur-
face water, the excrement from the animals, and the water used
for the cleansing of the cages, dens, and buildings, should be
made most thorough and complete. With the present sewers.
in Seventy-seventh street, before mentioned, as an outlet, this.
cannot be accomplished, the elevation of the flow—line of the

sewer being above the elevation of about one-sixth of the whole-

area of the square.

In order to perfect the sewerage, as well as the system of
thorough drainage, it will be necessary to construct a sewer ex-
pressly for the purpose, either passing through Seventy—ninth
street and discharging into the North river, or passing under the

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    
   

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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MANHATTANE— SQUARE.
1X6”? AVENUE
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'277

Eighth avenue, through “The Lake ” and grounds of the Central
Park, and cOnnecting with the Seventy-fourth street sewer at the
Fifth avenue.

By the Seventy-ninth street line the length would be about
three thousand three hundred feet, and at the Ninth avenue it
would be thirty feet below the grade of the avenue, and about
twenty feet under the grade of the Boulevard at the point of
crossing.

These grounds, for the location and site for a Zoological

Garden, are very objectionable and unsuitable.

The area is inadequate and insufficient, and is not suscep-

tible of being enlarged or extended.

The topographical formation is such as not only to make the
proper regulating and grading of them extra costly and expen—
sive, but also the want of, and facility for, the complete and
ample means of drainage and sewerage by the present outlet

will require an enormous expenditure to perfect the same.

The great depression of a large portion of the area below the
grades of the surrounding avenues and streets, and more espe—
cially after buildings are erected upon the adjoining property,
will prevent a free circulation of the air, and the offensive odor
arising from the animals will accumulate, and render the grounds
and their surroundings unfit for habitation, and unhealthy, and

consequently depreciate the value of the surrOunding property.

-The location being so far to the west side of the island does
not suit the public convenience, access thereto by the street cars
being confined to the lines passing up on the west side of the
city only, and to reach it by carriages would necessitate their
passage for several blocks through an aVenue one half of which

is occupied by railroad tracks.

278

‘Its isolation and distance from any grounds within the Cen-
tral Park that can be made available for a Botanical Garden,
Arboretum, Herbarium, etc. (all of which offer to the visitor
so much agreeable entertainment, as well as being a valuable:

source of instruction), are very detrimental.

The location of the Garden upon these grounds was ap—
parently considered very questionable by the former Commis-
sioners of the Central Park, as the following Report, made by
them December 31st, 1866, evidently shows:

“ The establishment of Zoological Gardens in the Park has long been the subject of
attention, and plans are now so far complete as to warrant the expectation of an‘early
commencement of the work of improving the grounds upon which they are to be estab—
lished. I

“ The considerations of public convenience and of future economy in their management
give great importance to the question of their location. Circumstances seem to point to that
part of the Park lying west of the Eighth avenue as a favorable site ; but it is not without
its disadvantages, a principal objection being that its a1ea is scarcely sufficient for the full
extent of the future development of the Gardens

“ To render such an establishment unobjectionable to the neighborhood and agreeable
to visitors and to preserve the life of the various creatures that are to make it a home, it
15 of the first importance that the most ample conveniences be provided for draining the
ground, and for constant cleanliness in every department. Any measures that are taken
towards securing these requisites, short of the very best known methods, are certain to
result either in finally increased expenditures or in the abandonment of the whole enterprise.

“ The experience in these respects of European Gardens ought to be made useful in the‘
outset of our own. '

“ Without the provision of these essential preliminaries, the Gardens can not be success-
ful. With them the greatest care and intelligent supervision will be required to give the.
Gardens the character that is desired. ' -

“ The extremes of our climate are such as will require continued circumspeetion to.
preserve in health the tender and delicate animals of the tropics, and the more robust.
organizations adapted to the frigid zones.”

“ THE MEADOWS” ON THE CENTRAL PARK.

These grounds for the proposed site for the Zoological
and Botanical Gardens are undoubtedly the most suitable, if
not the only grounds under the control of the Department

that are adapted for the purpose.

279

They are situated on the Central Park, north of the Trans-
verse Road crossing at Ninety—seventh street, and surrounded
on the east, north, and west by the drives, Ride, and walks,
and at no point within five hundred feet of either the Fifth
0r Eighth avenues.

The area between the Transverse Road and the Ride
is nearly forty—eight acres, which may be easily enlarged, when
necessity requires, by the addition of the ground on the south
of the Transverse Road and bounded by the Ride, containing
an area of twenty-three acres, connection therewith being easily
formed by bridges over the Transverse Road at such points

as may be necessary.

The present surface of the grounds is such as will require
but little, if any, regulating and grading, the same having

been done in the construction of the Park.

The sub-drainage of the whole area on both-sides of the
Transverse Road was made previous to the finishing of the
grounds, and a complete system of drains, pipes, and sewers

constructed to collect and conduct water into the Lakes.

With the city sewer already constructed in the Fifth avenue
as an outlet, no difficulty exists in connecting therewith a
most perfect system of sewerage, the elevation of the grounds
and the grading of the same being favorable to its accom-

plishment.

The location in' regard to elevation and openness of the
grounds is such, in connection with its surroundings, as will
afford a free circulation or air, which, together with the plan—
tationsi between the Drive and Ride, and covering the-more

elevated central grounds to absorb, cannot fail to carry off and

28o

overcome the offensive odors arising from the animals, thereby
preserving their lives, and rendering the Gardens agreeable to
Visitors and unobjectionable to persons using the surrounding
Ride or Drives, and cannot affect or depreciate the value of

property adjacent to the Park in that vicinity. '

The present belt of shrubbery surrounding the grounds to-
gether with the interior plantations, will also, to a great extent,
shield the buildings from the extremes of the climate; and, being
low in height and unobtrusive, will also be barely shown from
the surrounding Drive, thereby retaining so far as practicable

the present outlines and features of the landscape.

The location for public convenience and access, being central
between the avenues exterior to the Park, is such as will afford
:all classes a pleasant and easy means of approach, ample and
inexpensive facilities being furnished by the various lines of city
icars passing on either side of the Park, while the Park Drives
and walks in the direction of the Meadows render to visitors
:safe as well as pleasant and agreeable access and accommoda-

tions.

In connection with these grounds, and separated by the East
Drive only, are grounds originally designed and well, adapted
for the location of an Arboretum, comprising an area of about

‘ forty acres.

Within this area are the Mount St. Vincent buildings, and
by the removal of the frame buildings the large brick Chapel

building could be utilized for an Herbarium and Library.

The area between the West Drive and the Eighth avenue,
and Ninety-seventh street and the Pool, containing about ten

acres, would be very appropriate for the collection of evergreen

I

speC1mens. It is, therefore, ‘my opinion that when,'in the pro,

gress of the city and the population around the Park, it Shall-
become advisable to establish a Zoological Garden on a large
and Scientific scale, these grounds on account of their gener‘ l'
advantages, the public ConvenienCe, facility of access, and their
extent, are Without doubt the best suited for the location 0T"
the Gardens, and will offer greater attractions and more agree

able entertainment to the Visitor, and will afford the student

within or connected with the Central Park.
Very respectfully 7 submitted,

M. A. KELLOGG,
Engz'mewz’n- Ckz'efl’

 

 

REPORT

OF THE

LANDSCAPE pARDENER.

 

REPORT OF THE LANDSCAPE GARDENER.

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS, é
BUREAU OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING,
April 20%, 1871. i

HON. PETER B. SWEENY,

President of the Department of Puélz'c Parks:

SIR:—lhaV€ the honor to submit herewith the First Annual
Report of the operations of this Bureau from the date of its.
or anization up to and including the twentieth day of April,

1871.

Much that was done under the direction of Mr. lgnatz A.
Pilat, the former Chief Landscape Gardener, who died on the,
17th of September, 1870, can not here be competently shown.
It may, however, be proper to state that previous to his death.
preliminary planting sketches of most of the Parks under im-
provement had been completed, and much of the work had

progressed.

The continuation of the work by the subsequently—organized
working force of this Bureau has been carried on in accordance
with the general plans already approved, and under the in-

structions of the Executive Committee and the Vice-President.

The following are the details of‘ the work:

286

BATTERY PARK.

Considerable preliminary work, such as the cutting out of
dead branches and trees, and other pruning, was carried on

during last summer and fall, and completed this year.
The surface shaping was conducted late in the fall.

The planting which wasgdone during the winter and this
spring is designed to conceal the busy thoroughfares around '
the Park, give plenty of shade, present attractive flowers and

various—hued plants, and present the most satisfactory views of

the Bay and Harbor.

The shade-tree planting on the exterior walk has been nearly
completed.

The plots are being edged with sod procured from the lines
of new walks in Reservoir square, and the interior portionC
have been sown with grass.

Within the enclosure of the Castle Garden some evergreens
in tubs have been placed, and the preparation of flower beds

is in progress.
Little now remains to be done except the planting of the

southeast portion, in the Vicinity of the Staten Island Ferry.

BOWLING GREEN.
The shaping of this ground was completed during the sum—
mer, and grass sown in the fall.

The decayed trees have been removed and the rest pruned.

A few evergreens and deciduous trees and shrubs have been
planted, and the narrow strip encircling the fountain filled with

bulbs, which are to be replaced by summer flowering and foliage

plants.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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287

CITY HALL PARK.

The work in this Park was commenced in May, 1870. The
portion north of the Old City Hall was brought into shape

and the new planting finished before the close of the year.

Flower beds have been placed around the fountain at the
northwest corner, and filled with bulbs, to be replaced by
foliage and other bedding plants. '

Some old and partially decayed trees have been removed,
and several others, after being relieved of a large quantity of
dead wood and decaying branches, are retained for present pur-
poses of shade, until the growth. of the newly—planted trees may
render them unnecessary.

A line of shade trees has been planted on the sidewalk and
enclosed with iron tree-guards.

A hedge of privet, obtained from Union square, has been
planted as a screen for unsightly faces of old buildings.

The shaping of the ground south of the Old City Hall was
finished this spring. .

The plots are bordered with shade trees and edged with
sod sent from the Reservoir square, and the interior is sown
with grass.

DUANE STREET PARK.

This small triangular piece of ground was renovated during

the summer, and planted with a few shrubs, and sown with

grass seed late in the fall.

The exterior walk has been planted with shade trees pro-

tected by iron tree-guards.

288
BEACH STREET PARK.

The ungainly ailanthus trees which encumbered this small

triangle were removed during the summer.

A line of shade trees has been planted on the exterior walk,
and iron tree-guards placed around them. In the interior a few

shrubs have been planted and grass seed sown.

CANAL STREET PARK.

This piece of Waste ground was brought under cultivation

during the summer and early fall.

The trees on the sidewalk were planted in November, and

iron tree—guards placed around them.

During the fall and winter season shrubs and evergreens
were planted within the enclosure. Ornamental flower beds
were also arranged, and filled with spring flowering bulbs,

which will be replaced by bedding and foliage plants.

WASHINGTON SQUARE.

The plans of the walks and roads in this Park having been
approved and ordered to be carried out on July 2d, 1870, the

preliminary treatment of the ground was proceeded with.

During the fall and winter the old trees, which had been
much neglected, were relieved of their dead wood and decay—
ing branches by lopping them off close to the trunk or to
some leading shoot, so that no unsightly spurs that could never
be reclothed with foliage nor add to the beauty of the tree,

should remain.

Around the borders of the square, large, widely—spreading

trees were growing in three distinct lines, twenty feet apart.

289

A large number of them, being unsound, were cut down, to.
permit the full development of neighboring trees of a more

desirable and healthy character.

The trees along the diagonal and rectangular walks were

treated in like manner.

Many of the trees along the curb of the exterior sidewalk,
being either dead or much decayed, and in danger of being

blown down, were removed.

Within the lines of the projected roadways across the square
sixty—nine trees were standing, of which only three were trans-
planted; the remainder, being too large, and mostly decayed

or diseased, were cut down.

Some of the stumps dug. out, having much—branched and
gnarled roots, were placed, root end up, in the large wire cage
at the Museum building 'in the Central Park, to serve as

perches for the eagles.

Planted between the large trees were found many young
trees, which, during the fall, were carefully taken up and
“heeled in.” Some have since been used at the Battery and
Tompkins square, and the remainder sent to the Nursery in
the Central Park.

The planting map, as now approved, provides for lines of
shade trees around the exterior sidewalk, along the outer edge
of the walks bordering the road crossings, and on - both sides
of the diagonal walks; also for a sufficient number of irregu-

larly planted shade trees near the winding walks.

I9

290

In carrying out this plan it is intended to utilize such of
the original trees as are of a suitable and healthy nature, and
gradually substitute better trees for the undesirable ones which
are at present retained on account of their much—needed shade.
Around the symmetrically arranged entrances, at the four cor—
ners of the square, flower beds of appropriate form are de—

signed.

The ground is now being brought into shape, and the plant-

ing will be proCeeded with as the season offers.

ABINGDON SQUARE.

Some of the old and poorly—grown shrubbery has been re-
moved, the gaps filled with a few shrubs, the plants thinned,

and ground cultivated.

CHRISTOPHER STREET PARK.

This triangular Park, at the intersection of Fourth street,
Grove street, and Christopher street, has been cultivated and

treated similarly to the last.

COOPER INSTITUTE PARK.

The privet hedge around the border, which tended to ob-
struct the view of the interior, has been removed,_ as also some

old and neglected shrubbery.

The narrow border path has been dug up, and the ground
brought into shape. ‘

During the winter, evergreen trees were planted so as to
shield the approaches to the urinal which is situated at the
entrance, and a few flowering shrubs and herbaceous plants as

a foreground to the evergreens.

291
The silver poplars on the sidewalk have been' trimmed, but
are so crooked and irregular that a substitution of more sym—

metrical trees is intended.

The old sod was used in the Battery Park.

TOMPKINS SQUARE.

This ground was brought into shape during October, and
two lines of shade trees were planted along the path skirting
the interior. Shade trees have also been planted along the

exterior sidewalk, and iron tree-guards set.
The two urinals have been closed in with evergreens.

The border and sidewalks were occupied by unsound plane
trees, silver poplars, and ailanthus, many of which have been
cut down, and the remainder kept for the shade which will be
needed until the newly planted lines of trees shall have attained

a sufiicient size.
UNION SQUARE-

A large number of trees on this square, being either dead
or very much decayed, were cut down, and the remainder re-
lieved of a quantity of dead and intersecting branches. A num-

ber of dead evergreens were also removed.

The privet hedge around the border has been removed
The best specimens were selected from it and planted in the

City Hall Park.

Some young and undeveloped trees that had been planted
between the older ones were removed to the Nursery in the

Central Park.

292
MADISON SQUARE.

During the summer a large quantity of dead wood was re-
moved from the old trees, and last fall and this spring all in-
tersecting branches and those obstructing the pathways were

cut off.

The shrubbery has been thoroughly pruned.

Some ornamental plants have been placed within the enclo-

sure of Worth Monument.

STUYVESANT PARK.

The trees here bore evidence of‘ long neglect, many of the
finer specimens and rarer sorts being crowded out and crippled

in their growth by overgrown and unsound trees.

A careful and thorough pruning and thinning out has been
carried on during the fall and early spring; the shrubs have

also been pruned, and the ground cultivated.

Almost all the trees on the sidewalks are ailanthus, many
of which being unsound, and of the kind emitting a generally

disagreeable odor when in flower, have been cut down.

SIXTH AVENUE PARKS.’

These two triangular pieces of ground, at the intersection
of Broadway and Sixth avenue, were brought into shape last
spring.

Small evergreen trees were planted, and flower-beds ar—

ranged and filled with herbaceous plants during the summer.

In the fall the herbaceous plants were removed and bulbs
substituted. A few deciduous trees were planted on the side—
walk, no COntinuous line being possible because of the ledges of

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293

9

During the winter some larches and pine trees were planted
to relieve the monotony of the view, and afford harbor for the

birds. The ground has also been sown with grass.

RESERVOIR SQUARE.

The trees and shrubs in this square are all of a very good

character, and may be made use of in the new planting.
The plants have all been carefully and thoroughly pruned.

The trees standing within the new lines of walks, as staked
‘ out by the engineers, have been dug up and heeled in for
future use, and the sod has been sent to the City Hall Park
and Battery. \ '

PARK AVENUE PARKS.

The plants in this succession of six equal oblong enclosures
in the centre of the avenue, extending from Thirty-fourth street
to Fortieth street, and separated by, the crossing of the inter-

mediate streets, were found much neglected and unsightly.

An attempt was made to repair this defect by the introduc-

tion of a few herbaceous plants in pots.

Before this work was finished a plan was adopted to afford
light and air to the railroad tunnel beneath, by means of five

large apertures in each Park.

The plants were therefore all removed in the month of July,
some of them being sent to the Sixth Avenue Park, and the

remainder to Mount Morris square.

In consequence of this change three new plans were pre-
pared, one for the two centre Parks, one for the two interme-

diate Parks, and the other for those at the ends, the general

294.

design being to hide the apertures by means of evergreens,
shrubs, and vines, and arrange ornamental beds and groups of

foliage and herbaceous flowering plants.

MOUNT MORRIS SQUARE.

During the spring of 1870 the following operations were

conducted :

The arrangement of the entrances at the four corners; the
ground shaping on the north, east, and west sides; the laying
out of paths around the borders of the high hill; the pre-
paration of the lawns at its base, and the construction of the

main path ascending from the northern Fifth avenue entrance.

A few evergreen and deciduous trees, and shrubs, and. beds

. of herbaceous plants were also set out.

The design of Mr. Pilat, thus far carried out, was, after his

death, continued with few variations during the season.

The noble forest trees covering the bluff have been retained,
excepting a few that were unsound and detrimental to the future

development of the others.

Shade trees have been planted along the curb line of the
exterior sidewalk on the northern, eastern, and western sides.

These have been temporarily protected.

The new planting was commenced in the month of October,
and the ground work or main portion, consisting of evergreens,

was completed during the fall and winter.

In each corner of the square beds were planted with bulbs,
which will be replaced by bedding plants as soon. as the

. weather permits.

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HIGH BRIDGE PARK.

A botanical survey is being made preparatory to the im—

provements designed for this Park,

Many seedlings of native kalmias and junipers, and sods of
mosses and ferns, have already been collected and transplanted

to the Nursery in Central Park.

MORNINGSIDE PARK.

The few plants existing on this barren piece of ground are"
being located on the topographical survey preparatory to the
plan of improvement. A quantity of grass sod was removed

for use in Mount Morris square.

CENTRAL PARK.

During the spring and summer of 1870 the usual care and

cultivation of plants was attended to.

In the month of August a careful examination was made of
the condition of the trees and shrubs throughout the Park. . It
was found that in many of the clumps which had been thickly
planted, in order to produce an immediate effect, the trees were
crowding and interfering with each other to such an extent that
many would soon be killed or reduced to mere masts, as is the
case in all undisturbed plantations andforests, by the plants of

sturdier growth and more fortunate location.

A large number of trees, such as the horse—chestnut and
linden, whose growth is symmetrical, were crowded amid thick-

, ets of loose-growing and irregularly shaped trees.

It was deemed advisable to prevent this waste of good plants

by transplanting those that would be useful in other portions of

296

our work, and give the remainder opportunity to furnish them—

selves to the fullest extent and produce the required effect.

Accordingly, a large number of evergreen and deciduous
trees were transplanted during the winter, when the roots
were less liable to be disturbed, and in order that the ground
about the clumps whence they were removed might be culti-
vated and turned into grass before the growing season should

begin.

The native growth of young trees in the upper portions of
the Park, beyond Eighty—sixth street, composed mainly of
oak, hickory, and chestnut, was much clogged with catbriars,
brambles, deeply headed in, old plants of Carpinus Americana,
Viburnum dentatum and prunifolium, Cornus florida and alterni—
folia, and other plants, which not only presented an unsightly

appearance, but aided to form a dense and impenetrable thicket.

Having received instructions in the fall to reform the pres- '
ent planting so as to provide extensive views wherever de-i
sirable, thin out the trees so as to allow for the fuller develop-
ment of the others and permit the circulation of air and growth

of grass, the work of clearing out was actively conducted.

A large portion of this land has already been grubbed up,

cleared of stone and rubbish, and thrown into grass.

In this work of thinning out care has been taken to preserve
and bring into prominence the clusters of white birch, beech,
and tulip trees interspersed through the woods, and also to

open views of water surfaces, and other objects of ,interest.

In compliance With the instructions of your Executive Com—

mittee, directing the planting of shade trees along the walks and

297

drives, a large number of suitable standard trees have been re-
moved from places where they were not required, and planted

in appropriate locations.

This very requisite planting will be resumed in the proper

season, and according to the plans nowbeing matured.

Many of the trees previously planted along the drives were
furnished with branches at from four to eight feet from the
ground, and projecting over the road'; these branches have been

removed.

The double line of American elms on the Fifth avenue side-
walk, previously planted, from Fifty—ninth street to Sixty-fifth
street, has been continued to Eighty-fifth street, and beyond
that point up to Ninetieth street; tree holes are now being pre-
pared for‘the further continuation of the line. The trees planted
some years ago were headed in at the height of ten feet, and
in a short time they formed clusters or fascicles of strong shoots
at the head, and also many very low and deflected branches.
These low branches, which-obstructed the View, have been re-
moved, and the growth of the head directed into the leading
branches by cutting out the others, so as to shade and overhang

the sidewalk at the proper height more quickly.

Iron tree—guards have been placed around the trees at the
Eighth Avenue Circle, along Fifty—ninth street, and on Fifth

avenue from Fifty—ninth street to Seventy-second street.

° The American elms forming the double line on each side of
the Mall were encumbered with many low branches quite un—
connected with those forming the spreading tops. Many of
these have been cut off where they interfered with the desired

growth and symmetry of the tree. . The heads were crowded

298

with small attenuated branches, which during the growing sea-
son are frequently broken by the wind; these have been care—

fully removed.

No definite map, showing the existing plants on this Park,
having heretofore been made, preparations were begun during
the fall to obtain this much—needed information for the further
development and improvement of the unfinished portions of the
Park.

All other operations are specified as follows:

The ground has been brought into shape,_ and the planting
completed around the Carrousel, the new Animal House, and
Museum, and also along the new walk connecting the Museum

with the walk running parallel with the East Drive.

The large hill at Seventy-second street and West Drive, and
the smaller one north ‘of Transverse Road No. 2, just west, of
the East Drive, have been planted with evergreen and decid—

uous trees.

Ornamental flower-beds have been arranged at the north end

of the Esplanade.

The Maze, east of the Old Reservoir, has been replenished
with hedge plants.

To prepare the way for the widening of the East Drive, from
Transverse Road No. 2 to Transverse, Road No. 4, the plants
therein included have been removed, and the sycamore maples
on the east side of the straight portion of this Drive, east of the
Croton Reservoir, have been moved back the proper distance.
Several of these, that were poorly grown and greatly injured,

have been removed and better ones substituted. On most of _

299

these trees were large branches, five to seven feet fiom the
ground, which extended horizontally over and obstructed the
drive, and also tended to retard the ascending growth of the
upper branches which should form a high shading arch. Be-
sides these, there were many close clusters of ascending
branches, one—quarter to one-half inch in diameter, starting from
the base of leading branches that had previously been cut off.
The branches on the side fronting the road had formerly been ‘
removed close to the trunk, so that in many cases those in the
rear had pushed forward to the light, and in some cases rolled
over each other, thus presenting awkward twists and shoulders.
The obstructing and clustered branches have been thinned out
as far as possible during the past season. The trunks of several
of these trees have been badly scarred in former years by the
contact of wagon wheels. An edging of iron a few inches in
height along the curb line of the Drive is being designed to pre-

vent similar injury in the future.

The reshaping of the ground east of the Drive, rendered
necessary by this widening of the straight portion, is now nearly

completed, and a new plan of planting is being proceeded with.

West of the West Drive, and bordering the Eighth avenue, i
the grade of which has been raised, most of the trees have been
removed preparatory to the- reshaping and replanting of the

ground.

A new propagating house, fifty feet by eighteen feet, span—
roofed, was put up in November; one hundred feet of cold
frames are also completed. The interior of the Old Conser—
, vatory has been temporarily arranged with shelving to accom-
modate the large number of bedding plants required for the

adornment of the Parks now completed. The three propagating

300

houses are independently heated, insufficient in size, and necessi-
tate a great deal of shifting. A new plan is now being prepared
for the construction of larger and more economical propagating
houses, green—houses, cold-frames, etc., all connected together in

one system.

The old Nursery at the northeast corner of the Park has
been enlarged for the care and cultivation of the large number

of plants which will be required for future operations.

Beds of bulbs, which are now in full bloom, were exten-

sively laid out in various conspicuous portions of the Park.

According to your official instructions, and the arrangements
made with the Cooper Union, we commenced in November to
furnish the School of Design for Women with a weekly supply
of leaves, twigs, flowers, and fruits, as models for the drawing
classes. The Normal College is also being supplied with speci—

mens for the illustration of their course of botanical studies.

Botanical specimens from the conservatory and open ground
have been collected and incorporated with the Herbarium, and
a few additions to the collection have been received from other
sources. A list of the great variety of plants growing on the
Central Park is now being prepared, and will be numbered to

correspond with labels affixed to .the specimen plants of each
kind. '

On the 9th of January, an account of stock was taken of
the plants in the Nursery and propagating houses, and also on

the 20th of April, of which the following is a statement:

301

 

 

 

 

Trees and Sflrué: in Nursery Jan. 9th .............................. 9,380
“ "‘ transplanted from Central Park and other places and
stock increased by “division” ................................ 10,560
' I9,940
Cuttings in Nursery Jan. 9th .............. 5,000
“ added .................................................... 19,918
24,918
Heréaceous plants in propagating houses Jan. 9th ................... 8,650
‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ propagated ....................................... 22, IOI,
30,75”:
Annual 1516mm ..................................................... 12,500
Total number on hand ......................... 88,109

Three hundred and thirty—six shade trees have been planted
in the vicinity of the drives and walks, and, four hundred and
sixty—seven trees and shrubs have been planted in other places

on the Central Park.

Six thousand eight hundred and seventy—six trees, shrubs,
and vines, of which eleven hundred and twenty-six were pur—

chased, were planted in the various other Parks

Thirty—eight thousand and fifty bulbs and herbaceous plants,

were distributed among all the Parks.

The designs for planting the various Parks are attached to

the Report of the Engineer—in—Chief.

In conclusion, I consider it just to state, that the assistants
who have been placed under my direction, and the working
force, have been most efficient and energetic in the discharge

of their several duties.
Respectfully submitted,

FRANK A. POLLARD,
Arz’g C/zz'cf Landscape Gardener.

 

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REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF, THE
CENTRAL PARK.

Hon. Peter B. Sweeny, Presz'derc? of Me Board of Commissioners of
Me Depora‘meni of Pquz'c Parks: V

SIR :—I present my report of the transactions of the‘Bur‘eau
of Central Park, including Mount Morris square, for the

year.

When I took charge of this Bureau, in April last, I found,
upon inspection, that there was much to be done to put the
Drives, Rides, and Walks in a state of what I considered com—

plete repair.

On the Drives, in many places, the stone had worked up to
the surface, making them. rough. These had to be removed.
The gutters required raiSing, there'being too much crown in
the roadway, and throughout they required a surface coating
of gravel; this was at once proceeded ‘With, and during the

season accomplished.

The Bridle Road, which had been sadly neglected, was
thoroughly overhauled.

The Walks also needed much attention. On the declivities
it was found impossible to keep them in good order without
much labor and expense, as each heavy rain would wash off

much of the gravel, and gully them out, leaving them in bad

20

306

condition; to remedy this difficulty, many of the walks in the
Ramble and southern division of the Park were supplied with
a coating of the Fisk asphalt and gravel pavement; this has
served a good purpose thus far, but its permanent utility is

to be proved by time.

The Fifth avenue walk has been coated with the same kind

of pavement from Fifty-ninth to Seventy—ninth street.‘

The Esplanade at the Terrace has been covered with the

Scharf pavement.

15A new walk has been constructed from the Museum, in a
southwesterly direction, to the Drive. This was very necessary,
and gives much easier access from portions of the Park to the

,Museum and its surroundings.

The rwidening of the East Drive was commenced late in the
fall of 1870; work on it was necessarily suspended during the
winter, but it has been pushed with vigor thus far during the
spring, and will be completed from Seventy—eighth street to St.
Vincent at an early day. It will be a great relief to those

visiting the Park in carriages.’

The Croton water pipes on the Park have been a source
of constant trouble and annoyance. Owing to their imperfect
nature, leaks have occurred very frequently, requiring much

time and labor to repair them.

The Zoological Collection, having been removed from the
Museum building, has been provided with much more comfort—
able and appropriate quarters, in a series of new buildings that

have: been built surrounding the Museum.

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'307
The Boat service is yet under the supervision of Thomas
S. Dick; he has had during the past season thirty-four boats
in use on the Lake; they have been fully patronized‘by the
visitors, thus proving that the public are satisfied with the
endeavors of the Department to promote their enjoyment in

this direction as well as otherwise.

Ten Park Carriages, capable of seating twelve persons each,
have been in use for the accommodation of visitors during the
year, starting from the Fifth and Eighth avenue gates every
ten to fifteen minutes, ordinarily, but at a little longer interval
when the weather was unpleasant. They have been well patron—

ized, and appear to be fully appreciated.

The Goat Carriages are still a feature on the Mall, adding

much to the enjoyment of the children.

A Carrousel has been added to the other sources of amuse-
ment for children. It is located/ near the Play Ground and
Swings, and unquestionably adds much to the pleasure of the

juvenile visitors.

The Ball Grounds have been thronged by players on the
days set apart for that sport. No flagging of interest was per-
ceptible. The total number of players during the year was
sixty—six thousand five hundred; the greatest number any one

day was June 4th, when three thousand players were present.

Croquet playing has been gradually coming into favor as
one of. the sources of amusement and exercise on the Park,
many during the year having availed themselves of the privi-
leges here presented, our Commissioners having, I think wisely,
granted permission to extend the permits so as to allow gen-

tlemen and ladies or boys and girls to play together.

308

The Saturday Concerts have been kept up during that por—
tion of the season appropriate therefor, and have been well
attended. ’

The Band consisted of a leader and forty musicians, per-
forming selections from some of our most eminent musical com—
posers, thereby affording a great pleasure to those desiring
classical music, and also being a great source of enjoyment to
the multitude that attend. ‘

Skating was enjoyed to its fullest extent during the winter,
the ice being unusually fine during the whole skating season,
which commenced on the 26th December, and lasted, with very
slight intermissions, until the 23d of February, there being

during that time forty—eight days of skating.

The Curlers also engaged in their favorite pastime with
great zest during the season, the Park ice proving to them and
their friends a, source of great pleasure. They neverallowed a
day to pass during the season (the ice permitting) but they
could be seen wending their way with their heavy curling

stones to the Lake, eager to commence the day’s sport.

Much has, been done during the year in building and ad—
vancing the construction of the various buildings and struc—

tures on the Park, of which the following is a brief abstract:

THE TERRACE.

The tile ceiling and stained glass skylight have been com-
pleted. I

THE ESPLANAD E FOUNTAIN.

The basin of this structure was imperfect and leaky. A

Portland cement composition lining has been put into it, which

309

seems to remedy the defect. A portion of the stone work in
the centre, forming a foundation for the upper basin and figures,

has been put in.

The Horse Fountain at the Circle has been completed and

is in use.

THE CONSERVATORY.

The excavations have been completed, and much of the

foundation walls built.
THE BELVEDERE.

Much work of a very fine class has'been done on this
structure; it is being pushed forward rapidly, and can easily

be completed this season.
THE DAIRY

Has been completed, and is now being fitted up for a Restau—

rant, retaining in some degree the dairy feature.
THE STABLES
Have been completed, and are now in use.

A keeper’s house in connection therewith is in progress of

construction.
THE SHEEPFOLD.

This structure, one much needed, was commenced during
the last summer, has been driven on with considerable vigor,

and will be completed within the next two months.
THE MUSEUM BUILDING.

This building has undergone an entire change; the animals

have been removed into new buildings outside.

310

The basement has been fitted up for a Park-keeper’s station,
tool—room for the Property—clerk, etc.
The first floor has been nicely fitted up for offices at either

end, with a gallery for statuary, flowers, etc., in the centre.

The second and third floors have been completely remodeled
-—-very handsomely fitted up with new cases for the American

Museum of Natural History.

The fourth floor has also been refitted throughout, and is
mainly used by the Meteorological Department.
* Outside, what was an old building of discolored brickwork,
with Vines and iron fastenings here and there, now is a fine
structure, tastefully painted, surrounded by a series of neat
jtructures for birds and animals, forming a group both useful

and ornamental.
HOUSES FOR THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

A series of buildings near and almost surrounding the Mu—
seum have been built for the accommodation ‘of the birds, ani—
mals, etc. They are neat and pleasing in their architectural propor—
tions, have been tastefully painted, and fitted up with appropriate
cages. i

THE PALCEOZOIC MUSEUM.

Work on this building has been discontinued, and the site is

being filled up, and put in shape for planting.

The many buildings that have been built and are in pro-
gress have been, and are, furnishing employment for a large
force of carpenters, painters, stone—cutters,_and masons. To all
these mechanics, and to the men in charge of all the various
classes of workmen, much credit is due for the manner in which

n the work has been pushed forward.

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311

Improvements have been made on the Park in pruning and
thinning out the shrubbery and underbrush. This was much
needed at various points, especially at turns in the drive, where
in many places it was impossible‘to see an approaching carriage,

also in opening up views to the lakes and water-courses.

The manner of treating the lawns is as follows, Viz.:

A top dressing of manure is applied in early spring; as soon
as the frost is out of the ground, and the grass begins to start,
they are thoroughly raked, so as to distribute it over the whole
surface. After the ground has settled, the rollers are put on; they
are well rolled to take out the inequalities produced by the
frost. When the grass gets up three or four inches, the lawn
mowers are set at work as often as is necessary to keep the

grass short and even, thus producing a most perfect lawn.

It will be borne in mind that to Central Park is due much
of the beauty that has been given to the various city parks, as
many thousands of trees and shrubs have been taken from it
that are now , enriching and beautifying them. These could '
well be spared, but at the same time it is but just it should have

full share of the credit.

I he records of my office, as now kept, show the names of
all men of all classes that are sent to me for employment, the
wards in which they reside, the work where they are sent, the
name of the foreman to whose gang they are assigned; also
the time made by all the various classes of men in my Bureau,
and the amounts due them therefor. From these records, I can
at any time during the year furnish statistics showing all of the
factsiabove enumerated; the keeping of these records has kept

my clerical force well and efficiently employed.

312

In assigning men to work, they are sent as near as possible
to their residences, thus keeping the work on the several parks
and squares as closely confined as is possible or practicable to

the working class of the several wards around them.

I have been very materially aided in my office duties by the
efficient services of Mr. J. O. Bertholf, my Chief clerk, to whom,

and others assisting him, much credit is due.

MOUNT MORRIS SQUARE.

The improvements on this square, which had been com-
menced by the late Board of Commissioners of the Central
Park, have been carried on, extended, and elaborated, under
the orders of the Department of Public Parks, in accordance
with designs of the late Ignaz A. Pilat, Chief Landscape Gar-

dener of the Department.
Much work has been done on this square during the year.

The old unsightly house on the bill has been removed, and
the grounds leveled off around where it stood; this will be a

good location for a music stand at some future day.

A circuitous walk takes the place of the old road from the

north to the top of the hill, making it easy of access.

Many other new walks have been laid out and constructed,

especially in the southeast and southwest portions.

The lawns have been regraded, seeded, and planted, adding

much to their beauty.

It was found necessary to take out a considerable quantity

of rock in order to finish the south end and make a suitable

313

entrance on Fifth avenue and One Hundred and Twentieth
street; nearly all of this has been done, and has added largely

to the expense incurred during the year.

This square is the pleasure ground of this part of the city,
and may be made, without a large additional outlay, one of our
finest Parks. It is Visited by large numbers of the residents of
this section, and others, who seem to be well pleased with what

is being done for them by the Department.

Concerts were held here once a week during the past

summer, and were well attended.

I would say, in conclusion, that Central Park and Mount
Morris were never in a better ‘condition than at the present
time.

I have an efficient Assistant Superintendent, and a first-class
corps of foremen and workmen. Each foreman of maintenance
has a special division assigned to him; he is required to keep
it in good order, and is held responsible for the working of the
force under him and the condition of his division. The several
foremen Vie with each other, and a constant good-natured strife
is kept up between them, to see which will keep his division in

the best order.

The men are many of them skilled workmen, who have for
years worked on the Park, and have been specially educated
for the duties assigned them, and, as such, should receive the

consideration of the Department.

Central Park is daily proving itself to be a necessity as ,well
as a blessing to all classes, to the rich and the poor alike; each
enjoy its pure air and inhale the perfume of its flowers. It is

common property to those who ride in their carriages or those

3 I 4
upon its walks; at the same time all feel perfectly safe within its

borders, whether on its drives, in the shady Ramble, or on its

most public or least frequented walks.

They may enjoy a ride. in its Park carriages, or in its boats

on the Lake.

They may take exercise or recreation on its Ball or Croquet
grounds in summer, or on its skating and curling ponds in

Winter.

And they may attend its concerts, or visit its Museum, Staw
tuary Gallery, Conservatory, and Zoological Collection, without

charge or unnecessary restriction.

In fact, every year’s experience shows the high estimation
in which it is held by all classes of citizens who visit it, from.

every part of the world.

Respectfully submitted,

B. F. CRANE,

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REPORT OF THE CHIEF ENGINEER

OF THE BUREAU OF

CIVIL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL ENGINEERING.

_._.______

CITY OF NEW YORK, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS, I
BUREAU OF CIVIL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL ENGINEERING,
AIM/2'! 20%, 1871. 5

HON. PETER B. SWEENY,

Presidmt 0f Defamfmmt 0f Puélz'c Par/('65 .°

SIR :—In conformity with instructions, I have the honor
to submit the following report of the proceedings of this

Bureau since its organization in September last.

Under the regulations of the Department the Bureau has
“charge of the surveying for and the designing of all streets,
avenues, roads, public squares and places, and their grades,
and the plans for the sewerage and drainage thereof, and
for all bridges, tunnels, or other means of communication
between the Counties of New York and Westchester, and
the improvement of the Harlem river and Spuyten Duyvil
creek, which by law now are or may be directed to be laid
out and established by the Department of Public Parks.”
Also, by the regulations, the territory assigned to the Bureau

is divided into four districts, or subdivisions, viz.:

318

“Fz'rst— ~The West Side Division shall include that part
of the lsland of New York extending from Fifty—ninth street,
west of Eighth avenue, to the Harlem river and Spuyten

Duyvil creek.

“Sewmz’-—The Harlem River Division shall include that
river and Spuyten Duyvil creek, and so far on both sides
thereof as may be necessary in carrying out any improve-

' ments adopted in connection therewith.

“ Thrall—The Westchester Division shall include all of
the County of Westchester within or under the control of
the Department located north of Harlem river and Spuyten

Duyvil creek.

“Foum’k—The East Side Division shall include all that
part of the Island of New York extending from Fifty-ninth

street, east of Fifth and Eighth avenues, to Harlem river.”

'ln entering upon the duties assigned to me, and before
proceeding to organize field parties for the respective
Divisions, some time was necessarily spent in arranging,
classifying, and placing in order the large collectioniof maps
and papers that were turned over to the Bureau; in making
myself acquainted generally with the extent and condition/of
work done; with the several acts of the Legislature in
reference to the subject; and with the nature and demands
of the work requiring the earliest attention. In the further— V
ance of these objects, a general map was prepared, embracing
the territory in charge of the Bureau, defining the several

divisions, and delineating the work done and in progress.

VI.” .u
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319

FIRST OR WEST SIDE DIVISION.

The duties under the laws relating to this district of the
city have been to a large extent performed, as to the laying
out of streets, avenues, public squares and places, and pier
and bulkhead lines. The portions of the work devolving
upon the Department of Public Parks to complete, and com-
ing within the duties prescribed for'the Bureau, consist, as
far asthe subject has yet been developed, of the laying out
of a street or avenue between the Eleventh avenue, or Kings
Bridge road, and the Boulevard, and passing along, or near,
the crest of the high land on the westerly side of the island,
from about One Hundred and Fifty-ninth street to near In-
wood, a distance of thirteen thousand feet; a street west of
Kings Bridge road, and south of Inwood, of about four
thousand three hundred feet in length, connected at each
end with Kings Bridge road; some other cross streets of less
extent, and several narrow ways adapted only to pedestrian
use, on steep ground (where ordinary streets are impractica-
ble), descending from the Boulevard and other main streets
to the Hudson and Harlem rivers, for the purpose of ‘ giving
necessary outlets for drainage and sewerage from- such
streets; together with such extensions, or modifications of
streets, or avenues, as it may become necessary to make to
form proper approaches to bridges or tunnels that mayihere-
after be established for crossing the Harlem river. The
grades are to be adjusted and established of a considerable
portion of the streets and avenues that have been laid out

on the north end of the island, and monuments are to'be

320

set to define the lines. The final maps of record are also
to be made of a large portion of the work that has hereto-

fore been done on this division.

A field party, in charge of a Division Engineer who was
appointed in November last, has been engaged in developing
the lines of proposed new streets and avenues before men-
tioned; in perfecting the location and record of location of
pier and bulkhead lines in Hudson river, that had previously
been laid down north of One Hundred and Fifty—fifth street;
.and in setting monuments to define a portion of the streets,
avenues, and public places that had been previously laid out.
This work has been a good deal interrupted by unfavorable

weather during the winter.

SECOND OR HARLEM RIVER DIVISION.

The duties of the Bureau pertaining to this division, as
prescribed by the Department, consist of surveying and
designing plans for the improvement of Harlem river and
Spuyten Duyvil creek, and for bridges and tunnels crossing

their channels, and for other improvements adopted in con—p

nection therewith.

But little progress had been made in the preliminary
work of surveys and hydrography for the improvement of
Harlem river and Spuyten Duyvil creek, except a few
soundings in the channel at Kings Bridge, and no locations
or plans had been perfected for bridges or tunnels previous

to the work coming under the charge of the Bureau.

321

Bulkhead lines had been laid down on both sides of Harlem
river, and Spuyten Duyvil creek by the late Central Parki
Commissioners, which, by chapter two hundred and eighty-
eight of Laws of 1868, are subject to revision by the
Department. As these lines were laid down before the law
was enacted authorizing the improvement of Harlem river
and Spuyten Duyvil creek, and the crossing of those streams
by bridges and tunnels, it is not improbable that some
changes will be found necessary during the progress of the

several works.

A Division Engineer was appointed in November last,
and since that date has been engaged, with a small party,
in establishing a base of levels along Spuyten Duyvil creek
and Harlem river, from the Hudson to the East river, to
serve as a plane of reference for the future work of im-
. provement of the navigation; in developing and establishing
the site of a suspension bridge over the river at a point
about one thousand eight hundred feet north of the Croton
High Bridge; in making preliminary examinations by surveys
and soundings for the site of a proposed tunnel or bridge
crossing the river at a point connecting Seventh avenue,
on the New York side, with Central avenue on the West-
chester side of the river; and in surveys connected with
the hydrography and improvement of the channel, and such
other works as it may be found advisable to adopt to
perfect the navigation and commercial uses of the river.
Two self-registering tide gauges are in course of preparation,

to be placed at the Hudson, river and the East! river

2I

'322

ends of the stream, respectively, in order to determine the
difference in the tides at those two points and the direction

and force of tidal currents.

The investigations for the Suspension Bridge have
resulted in determining the practicability of rock anchorage
at each end of the bridge, and rock foundation above the
water line, for the suspension pier on the New York side.
The character of the foundation for the Westchester
pier is yet to be determined by borings, the rock being,
probably, at a considerable depth below the surface of
the ground, and also below the water level. No doubt
is entertained as to the practicability of obtaining a
secure foundation in case rock should not be reached,
as the foundations of the High Bridge, adjacent, were
formed, to a. considerable extent, .without penetrating to
the underlying rock. As soon as the necessary borings
can be completed for a careful examination of the subject,
a plan of the bridge will be prepared for submitting to the
Department. From present indications, the extreme length
of the bridge, between the anchorage points, or the shore
abutments, will be about one thousand seven hundred feet, and
the height above tide one hundred and forty to one hundred
and fifty feet. Should a single central span be found expedient,
after sufficient borings and tests of the foundation are made
to determine the question, such span would not exceed one
thousand feet. This bridge will form a conVenient connection

between Tenth avenue and a suitable avenue of nearly the

323
same elevation on the high ground on the Westchester side,
which can be connected by easy grades with the present Cen-

tral avenue.

A map has been prepared, on a scale adapted to working
use, of Harlem river and Spuyten Duyvil creek, upon which
some progress has been made in laying down soundings and
other hydrographic observations of the streams, together with
the connected and adjacent improvements which are already
established, or are contemplated. A reduced copy of the

map accompanies this report.

THIRD OR WESTCHESTER DIVISION.

The powers and duties of the Department in relation to
this district, are prescribed by chapter 826 of Laws of 1869,
and chapter 797 of Laws of 1870.

The area of the district covers aboutr8,4oo acres. The
laws provide for the laying out of this. area into streets,
avenues, roads, public squares and places ; and for the discon-
tinuing of existing works of like nature, as may be done with
benefit to the property affected, including plans for the proper'
sewerage and drainage of the land within said area, and for
the supply of pure and wholesome water therefor. The only
progress of note heretofore made in this work has been in the
preliminary surveying and mapping, by contract with sur-
veyors, of about two thousand acres of land in Westchester

County.

324

Since the work came under the charge of the Bureau,
about one thousand acres in addition have been surveyed
and mapped under the original contracts. New contracts
were made with the same parties on the first of November
last for completing the preliminary topographical surveys and
maps of the balance of the district, exclusive of Morrisania,
and up to this date about one thousand five hundred acres
have been surveyed and mapped under these contracts. The
surveys are made, commencing on Harlem river and Spuyten
Duyvil creek, and progressing by regular advances north—
wardly and eastwardly into Westchester County. Several sur-
veying parties are now engaged upon the work, and a total of
five thousand acres, it is expected, will be surveyed and
mapped by the first day of May'next. As soon as the
several separate maps returned by the surveyors of this portion
of the VVestchester district can be collated and reduced to
working form, some progress may be made in the final work
of laying down streets, avenues, and other improvements in

connection with those now existing or projected in the City

of New Ydrkfl‘

FOURTH OR EAST SIDE DIVISION.

Surveys and maps have been made of that portion of
the city bourded: “ Southerly by the northerly side of Fifty-

seventh street; westerly by the westerly side of Fifth avenue,

 

* A copy of a report, heretofore made on the subject of water supply to the Westchester district,
is appended to this report; also an abstract of contract and specifications under which the surveys
and maps of that district are being made.

325

from Fifty—seventh street and to One .Hundred and Tenth
street, and byethe easterly side of Sixth avenue from One
Hundred and Tenth street to the Harlem river; and easterly
by the Harlem and East rivers,” preparatory to the study
and laying out of the “Eastern Boulevard (or such other
name as shall be determined), together with such other
streets or avenues, public squares or places,” as are provided
for in chapter six hundred and twenty-six of Laws of 1870.
The maps prepared show the position and extent of all
buildings and existing improvements, division lines of prop-
erty, and the arrangement heretofore established of streets
and avenues. A partial study has been made of the proposed
Boulevard and reservations for public places, but no plan has

been sufficiently matured to be definitely acted upon.

The consideration of this district has been necessarily
delayed during the completion of the preliminary maps, and
also owing to the unfinished condition of the laying out of
Morrisania, adjoining and connected with the eastern portion
of the district. The Morrisania commissioners did not com-

plete their plan Until 6th of January last.

The foregoing is a brief statement of the condition of the
work and of the progress made by the Bureau. Owing to
circumstances that have been alluded to, the work has been
hitherto chiefly of a preliminary character. It is now ap-
proaching a condition which will enable definite plans to some
extent to .be considered, though much still remains to be

done ir. the way of preparatory investigations. It has not

326

been found advisable as yet to organize the permanent
working force upon the Third and Fourth Divisions, but it
is expected this may be done soon. In commencing opera~
tions upon the extent of territory assigned to the Bureau,
which embraces a great variety of work, it is believed that the
time has been judiciously employed in accomplishing what"
has been done and in arranging plans and studying the re-

quirements for future progress.

Important questions are to be considered in connection
with the Second or Harlem River Division, which are more
or less intimately connected with the work upon the ad-
joining divisions. These are the crossings of the Harlem
river by bridges or tunnels, and the improvement of the
navigation of the channel. The determination of the char-
acter of the bridges, and the expediency of tunnels, must
be governed, to a considerable extent, by the nature and
facilities of the navigation designed for the river. The char-
acter and adaptation of the several crossings, in view of the
growing demand and future requirements for the accommo-
dation of large populations on .both sides of the channel, are

questions of great importance.

The costly nature of these works requires careful con-
sideration in devising the best and most appropriate plans

and locations for their construction.

The site for the suspension bridge, before mentioned, is
O

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327
plan of the structure, and its immediate and- prospective
adaptation to public necessities and interests, are still to be
considered. Upon the map accompanying this report are
indicated, at the points marked A, B, C, D, E, several
suggested sites for crossings of the Harlem river, in ad-

dition to that of the suspension bridge.

I

I am indebted to Mr. John J. Serrell, who formerly had
charge of the laying out of the west side and north end

of the island, for advice and consultations, from time to time.

Respectfully submitted,

WILLIAM H. GRANT,
Cflz'cf Engineer.

 

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SUPPLEMENT

TO

REPORT OR THE CHIEF ENGINEER 'OE THE

TOPOGRAPHICAL BUREAU.

HON. PETER B. SWEENY,

'Presz'a’emf (gf Depdrz‘mmt (yr Puélz'c Parks :

SIR :——-I mentioned in my communication of October 8th,
that examinations had been made of the principal streams
in the southerly part of Westchester County for the pur-
pose of ascertaining the amount of water they would fur-
nish, and that I would report the results as soon as a
statement could be prepared. I submit now the following

statement :

By the Act of May 11th, 1869 (chapter eight hundred
and twenty—six), and the subsequent Act of May 19th, 1870
(chapter seven hundred and ninety—seven), it is made one
of the duties of the Department to devise and prepare
plans for the supply of ,pure and wholesome water for
“that part of the County of VVestchester lying west of the
New York, Harlem and Albany Railroad, and south of the

332
southerly line of the village of Yonkers, and a line in con—

tinuation thereof.”

The authority conferred is broad and general, no inti-
mation being given as to sources of water supply to be
sought, or as to the consideration of questions that might
arise affecting the supply to districts outside of that re-
ferred to. A reasonable construction would seem to be,
that local sources should first be sought, and if these
proved insufficient, then to seek more distant ones; and also,
that the natural and necessary supply of other districts
should not be impaired, so far as it is practicable to de—
termine the characteristics, extent, supply, etc., present and

prospective, of such districts.

The examinations I have made, up to this time, are
not sufficient to enable me to mature a definite plan, and
I report now only the facts that have been obtained, together
with some general conclusions upon the subject.

On the 30th of September, and 7th and 8th October,
last, after a long continued drought of the season, antici—
pating that the fall rains would soon set in, I had the fol-
lowing streams gauged to determine the amount of Water

furnished by them at their lowest stages, viz.:

Nepperhan (or Sawmill) iriver;
Sprain brook; \

Grassy Sprain brook;

Bronx river, and

Hutchinson river.

333
The points at which the streams were gauged are gen-
erally a little north of the latitude of the village of Yonkers.-
The aggregate amount of water was found to be four mil—
lion eight hundred and twenty-five thousand four hundred

and forty gallons passing in twenty-four hours.

The drainage area from which this flows is about six-
teen miles in length from north to south, by an average
width of three and t1 rec—fourths miles, and contains about

sixty square miles.

The quantity of water furnished, in proportion to the
area of the water-shed, is very small, owing to the ex—
treme drought that had prevailed for several months pre-

vious to the gauging.

'The drought during the summer months of this year
and last year has been very unusual, and has afforded an
' opportunity of obtaining important minimum results of water
supply. The amount of rain—fall as registered at the Ob-
servatory‘in Central Park, for the months of July, August,

and September last, was ..................... 9.39 inches
I and for the same months in 1869 ............ 7.72 “
against “ “ “ 1868...“... .....22.78 “
and “ “ ' “ 1867 ............ 12.67 “

The mean rain—fall during the same months, for a period
of thirty-two years previous to. 1858, was, as recorded at

the Brooklyn Heights, by the late E. Meriam, 11.16 inches.

334

This shows the comparative low rate of rain—'fall, during
those months, for this year and the last, and it may be
inferred from the data that the quantity of water gauged,
of four million eight hundred and twenty-five thousand
four hundred and forty gallons in twenty—four hours, is a
safe minimum for an estimate. The drainage area furnish-
ing this quantity is, as before stated, sixty square miles,
and applying the proportion to the more easterly part of
Westchester County, which contains several available streams
that have not been gauged, the drainage area of which is
estimated at twenty—five square miles, gives for the latter
area two million ten thousand six hundred gallons in twenty—
four hours ;’ or, for the entire available drainage area of
eighty—five square miles, six million eight hundred and
thirty—six thousand and forty gallons in twenty—four hours.
I do not assume that any water could be taken from be—
yond the limits of Westchester County (in the State of
Connecticut), although a considerable acquisition could be
afforded, within a moderate distance, by Byram river, if
no difficulties in regard to jurisdiction, or as to damages

by reason of the diversion of the water, were interposed.

We have then, as the minimum quantity of water, by
natural flow, six million eight hundred and thirty-six thou-
sand and forty gallons in twenty—four hours. This would
be a small quantity for the contemplated supply of the
district in question—too small to require much consideration——
if it were conclusive as to the available cmmm! supply the

drainage district would afford.

'335
The data Obtained by gauging are valuable, and are
essential in several respects, in case the local supply should
be resorted to; but as the supply thus developed is inad-
equate, it is necessary to make "use of additional data to

obtain an entire solution of the question.

The minimum supply of the district shows the extreme
limit a population would be subjected to in extreme cases if
only the natural flow of the streams were depended upon, but
by means of reservoirs to store up the waters discharged by
the streams during their higher stages, and in spring and fall
floods, a much larger quantity of water can be made available.
An extreme quantity discharged during floods can be approxi-
mated as follows: It has been ascertained by observations,
that the Nepperhan river discharges at the dams in the village
of Yonkers, during floods that ordinarily occur two or three
‘times a year, an amount of water equal to one hundred and
thirty million gallons in twenty-four hours. This applied pro—
portionally to the whole drainage district of eighty-five square
miles, gives four hundred and forty-six million four hundred
and sixty-four thousand six hundred and forty—six gallons
in twenty—four hours. The minimum quantity being (as gauged)
six million eight hundred and thirty—six thousand and forty, the
mean between the two may be in some degree approximated
by constructing a schedule showing the probable proportions
and distributioii of these quantities throughout the year,

thus :

The flood quantity may be assumed to be
discharged during a period of 15 days = 446,400,000 X I 5 = 6,696,000,000 gallons.

 

 

Half the flood quantity for 30 “' :2 023,200,000 X 30 = 6,696,000,000 “
One-fourth “ “ “ 5o “ = 111,600,000 x 50 = 5,580,000,000 “
Double the minimum quantity for 180

days, or 6 months .......... .. . . . . . . . = 13,836,000 X 180 = 2:490:4802000 “
And the minimum quantity for 90 days,

or 3 months ......................... = 6,836,000 X 90 = 61522409000 “
Giving the whole quantity for the year ....................... = 22,077,720,000 “
This divided by 365 days gives .............................. 60,500,000 “

as the mean discharge per day.

A test may be applied to this result by means of data
obtained by the Croton, Aqueduct Department. This data
shows that in 1864, at the end of a dry season, the Croton
water—shed of three hundred and thirty-eight and three-
quarters square miles, had discharged for the year, ninety-
four billion eight hundred and fifteen million gallons, and
this proportion would give, for the area of eighty-five
square miles, twenty—three billion seven hundred and ninety
million gallons, which corresponds nearly with the esti-

mate.

It is to be observed that only one-fifth of the above
quantity, obtained from the Croton water—shed, was utilized
and passed through the aqueduct, four—fifths passing'off over

the Croton dam.

The whole quantity was forty-four per cent. of about

a minimum annual rain—fall.

The percentage of rain—fall that is generally taken as
practicable to be utilized by means of reservoirs is about

fifty per cent. But the percentage discharged by streams,

337

obtained by observations of this kind,lcannot be safely taken
in all cases as representing the quantity of water that may
be actually utilized. If the district drained is sterile and
uncultivated it may be practicable to intercept and shut up
within it the flowing; streams, and reserve all the falling
water, except that which evaporates or filters away. And
it may be practicable, supposing the exterior or lower dis-
trict watered by the natural flow of the streams is of similar
character, to cut off from it and convey away to a distant
population all the water stored; but these are conditions
that are not often found to exist. In the present case the
contemplated drainage district, as well as a considerable dis-
trict to the south of it, receiving the natural discharge of
the streams, is cultivated and populous, and must be regard-
ed as dependent upon the preservation, in a greater or less
degree, of a normal condition of water flow. How much
this condition may be impaired, or how much of the falling
water may be stopped in its circulation, stored up in reser-
voirs, and diverted from its natural channels and natural
uses and functions, without detriment, is a practical question

that it becomes necessary to investigate.

It is also important, in connection with this point, to
know Whether natural facilities exist in the configuration of
the drainage district for the formation of reservoirs of
adequate capacity. This can only be determined by sur—
veys. Another question, to be developed also by surveys

and the consideration of tendencies of population, character

22

338
of occupancy of the district, etc., is whether the requisite
quantity of water can be obtained and gathered into reser-

voirs in a pure and wholesome condition.

For the purpose of getting at a present approximate re-
sult (and I believe a safe one), in the absence of the
necessary information on these points, I assume that it will
be practicable to reserve and utilize one—fourth, or twenty-
five per cent. of the rain—fall, leaving an equal amount to its
free flow to meet the contingencies mentioned. There is not
much doubt that reservoir facilities (can be found, should it
become expedient to resort to them, for storing at least such

an amount of water.

Taking thirty-six inches as about the minimum of annual
rain-fall, and one-fourth of it as available, we have if x 85
square miles = 13,329,36o,ooo gallons of water per annum,
or W : 36,518,794 gallons per twenty-four hours
(which it will be seen is over five times the quantity fur—
nished by the minimum natural flow); and if we take sixty
gallons. per twenty-four hours as the allowance for each

60

person, we have w = 608,646, as the amount of

population it will supply.

I conclude from this result, that it is practicable to
supply the district in question from local sources, to the
extent contemplated by the Legislature. But, whether cir-
cumstances of population and occupancy of the drainage
district, in prospect, may be regarded as affecting the ex-

pediency of such a mode of supply, and whether a resort to

339
more distant sources, as the Croton water—shed, may be

more desirable and economical, are questions that are de-

ferred for further consideration.

The quality of the water furnished by the drainage
district is good, having been found bypanalysis to com-
pare very favorably with the Croton water. Owing to the
height of ground of a considerable portion of the district to
be supplied, the water will have to be raised to a higher
level than that of the storage reservoirs by pumping; this
would also be the case from whatever source the water

might be obtained.

Very respectfully,
WILLIAM H. GRANT,

Engineer in Ckarge.

BUREAU OF CIVIL ANI) TOPOGRAPHICAL ENGINEERING,

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS, '
265 Broadway, December 15, I870.

340

Aész‘ract of Contract and Specifications undtr w/z (/1 2’1 6 Topograp/zzm/ Surveys and Maps of

Ike Watt/later Distrzcz‘ arc éemg fllddt.

“ The said surveys and maps to be made according to the fallowing specifications :

“ The ground work of the survey to be a series of longitudinal lines parallel with the direc-
tion of Tenth avenue, in the City of New York, and similar transverse parallel/lines at right

angles therewith, all one hundred feet apart.

“The standard of measure to be used to be the same as t ne standard at the o d Arsenal in

Central Park.

“ All the work to be done and returned with such accuracy that, when tested by calculations,
or by measurements on the ground, no greater variations shall exist in any part, line, traverse,
angle, or measure, than at the rate of fifteen one-hundredths of a foot in one thousand feet of

length or distance.

“Every eighth line at least of the said longitudinal and transverse lines shall be traverse
lines of survey, traced by measurements and angles. The survey and maps to include, by
measurements, traverses, and angles, all buildings, streams, brooks, and visible rock surfaces ;
all visible boundaries of properties, and all roads, streets, avenues, and lanes, and the same to
have such reference by measurements and angles with the said longitudinal and transverse lines

as to admit of the verification of the work by calculation.

“ Levels above” high tide are to be taken and shown on the maps at every intersection of the
said longitudinal and transverse lines, and at least at eVery fifty feet in distance along the centre
of all streets, avenues, roads, and lanes now open and in use, and along the course of streams
and brooks, also along the boundary lines of all properties more than three acres in extent
each, and as frequently at other points as will correctly delineate the altitudes of the surface, to
allow of contour lines being drawn from such levels. The standard of high tide to be the same
as that used by the said Department of Public Parks in the City of New York, north of One
Hundred and Fifty-fifth street, as represented by a bench mark on a monument on the late
established easterly line of Kings Bridge road, at a point about twenty feet northeasterly from
the northeasterly corner of ‘Kings Bridge Hotel,’ the elevation of the said bench mark above

high tide being three and two- tenths (3120) feet.

“Bench marks to be made and verified at, or about, every one thousand feet of distance,
longitudinally and transversely ; such marks to be made on the most permanent and conve-
nient objects accessible, and a plain reference to them, together with their height of elevation
above high tide, to be noted on the margin of the maps. The bench marks to be established
with such accuracy that no error shall exist, with reference to the standard of high tide before
mentioned, greater than five one—hundredths of a foot, and the elevations of the ground are to be
taken and shown with such accuracy that no error shall exist, with leferenee to sa: (1 standarl of

high tide, greater than two— tenths of a foot.

‘ 34 I

“ At every one thousand feet or less of distance, longitudinally and transversely, and where-
ever practicable (at such distances) at the intersections of the longitudinal and transverse lines,
monuments accurately connected with the survey are to be established, either by proper iron
bolts secured in the rock, or a locust post firmly set, or a corner or other part of a building, or by
some other appropriate and permanent means ; such monuments to be designated on the maps,
naming the kind of monument. The maps to be drawn on the scale of eighty feet to one inch,
on separate sheets of the best English double elephant drawing paper, well mounted on muslin,
with a plain margin one and a half inches wide around each sheet, and so that boundary lines

on all sheets will conform accurately with other sheets of the survey.

“ Roads and streets, as legally laid out and opened by law, to be shown by fine solid red

lines.

“ Roads and streets, dedicatd but not in use, to be shown by fine dotted red lines.

“ Streams, brooks, ponds, rivers, and elevations above high tide, to be shown by blue lines

and figures.
“ Boundary lines of separate properties to be shown by black dotted lines.

“ All traverse lines, angles, and distances measured to be shown by plain green lines and

figures.

“ Such longitudinal and transverse lines as are not traverse lines to be shown by finer green

lines than the traverse lines.

“Names of present owners of properties to be written on each parcel in fine black italic

letters.

“ Brick and stone buildings to be designated by red color; framed buildings, by a light
shade of india ink ; green-houses and )ther structures of glass, by a light green color. Prom-
inent rocks and rocky surfaces, by india ink topography. Each separate sheet of the maps to be
dated and signed by the surveyor, or surveyors, and draftsmen making the same, on the margin

of the sheet when it is returned to the said Department of Public Parks.

“ The work to be prosecuted and completed in regular order, commencing at the southerly
boundary, and progressing, by parallel transverse lines, northwardly. And I hereby agree to do
the whole of the foregoing work in accordance with the specifications and conditions herein
contained, and to the satisfaction and acceptance of the said Department of Public Parks, or of
the engineer in charge of the Bureau of Civil and Topographical Engineering, and to receive as
full compensation for all services, labor, materials, use of instruments, office rents, and all

services and materials of every nature and kind whatsoever in and about said surveys and maps,

 

 

at and after the rate of per acre for the quantity-of land surveyed within the limits
hereinbefore described, and to receive the payments, after the sheets and maps have been
returned, examined, tested, and approved as aforesaid, in installments at the rate of —— per

acre for the quantity of acres surveyed and drawn on the sheets so returned and approved, but

342

no payment shall be asked or demanded by me at any one time for less than one hundred acres
of land surveyed, mapped, and returned and approved as aforesaid, except at the completion of
the whole work agreed for, or at the termination of this agreement as hereinafter provided, when

all balance due and unpaid under this agreement shall be due and payable.

“But it is expressly understood and agreed that no payment shall be demanded by me
except from funds provided by the Supervisors of the County of \Vestchester, pursuant to the
provisions of chapter eight hundred and twenty—six of the Laws of 1869, and chapter seven
hundred and ninety-seven of the Laws of 1870, for the purpose of paying for such surveys when
funds so provided are in the possession of the said Department of Public Parks for such purpose,
and that I will look solely to such funds, so provided, for my remuneration under this agreement.
I further agree that the work shall be done under my personal supervision, and that I will not

sublet the same, or any part thereof.”

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REPORT OF THE CAPTAIN OF PARK POLICE.

DEPARTMENT or PUBLIC PARKS,
BUREAU OF POLICE,

New Yor/e, Afr?! 20%, 1871.

To Me Hofloraolo Board of Commissioners
Dofartmomf of Pquz'o Par/‘72s .'

GENTLEMENz—l herewith respectfully submit to you the
Annual Report of the business of this Bureau for the year
ending April 20, 1871.

Recapitulation of the force for the year ending April
20, 1871: V

1 Captain, ' - 8 Sergeants,

1 Lieutenant, 92 Park—keepers,
4+ Gate—keepers.

Of this force one (1) Lieutenant, six (6) Sergeants,
fifty—seven (S7)Park—keepers, and forty—four (44) Gate—keepers
perform duty on Central Park, and two (2) Sergeants and
thirty—five (35) Park—keepers perform duty at the various

other parks throughout the City, as follows:

Battery Park ......................................... 3
Bowling Green Park ................................... 1
City Hall Park ....................................... 3
Duane Street Park .................... ' ................ 1
Beach Street Park .................................... 1

9

Carried forward ..............................

346

Brought forward ................ .................. 9
Canal Street Park ........................ . ............ 1
Tompkins Square ..................................... 4.
Washington Square .................................... 2
Union Square ........................................ 2
Cooper Park ........... , .............................. I
Stuyvesant Square. . . . . . , .......... - ................. 3
Madison Square ....................................... 3
Abingdon Square . . . ................................. 1
Sixth Avenue (Thirty—second and Thirty—fifth Streets) Parks. . . 1
Fourth Avenue (Park Avenue) Parks ...................... 2
Reservoir Square ............... . ................. . . . . 3
Mount Morris Square ......................... . ........ 3

Total................ ....... . ... .. 35

ARRESTS.

The number of arrests made by the members of this

Department for the year ending April 20, 1871, are: Males,

one hundred and fifty-seven (157);
(37);

following offences :

females, thirty-seven

total, one hundred and ninety-four

(I 94), for the

 

 

 

 

 

MALES. FEMALES. TOTAL.
Assault and battery ......................... 4 1 5
Disorderly conduct .......................... 6o 16 72’)
Fast driving ................................ 20 ........ 20
Intoxication ................................ 22 ' 9 31
Insanity ................................... 2 ........ 2
Intoxication and disorderly conduct ............ 14. 6 20
Interfering with oflicer ....................... 1 ........ 1
Larceny (grand) ........ . 2 ........ 2
Larceny (petty) ..................... . ...... 8 l 9
Picking pockets ............................. 1 ....... 1
Vagrancy .' ................................. 12 2 14.
Violation Park ordinances (other than those enu-
merated above) ......... , .................. 11 2 13
Total ........................ 157 37 194

 

 

 

 

 

347

DISPOSITIONS.

Thirty-three (33) of those who were arrested were let
go with a reprimand at the station—house, one hundred and
fifty-one (151) were committed or fined, and ten (10) were

discharged by magistrate at the different Police Courts.
LOST CHILDREN.
Two hundred and forty (24o) lost children have been
restored to their parents or friends during the year.
RUNAWAYS.

Thirty-three (33) runaway teams have been caught by

the officers on Central Park and returned to their owners.

NATHANIEL R. MILLS,

Captain Depcmmem of Puélz'c Pam’s.

 

SERVATORY 

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THE REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATORY.

To Z/ze Board of Commissioners of t/oe Department of Puo/z'o Parks.-

GENTLEMENz—Since my last annual report, this Department
has been actively engaged in obtaining, by the aid of the self-
recording instruments therein described, a complete register of
the atmospheric changes that have occurred in the locality of.
New York. In this work there has been no interruption, and
a continuous statement for every day, including Sundays and
holidays, has been secured. I have also lost no opportunity of
aiding in the general determination of the meteorology of the
United States, so as to discover the law of storms and weather
changes, for the use of science, and especially for the advantage

of mariners and agriculturists.

By your direction valuable improvements have been made in
that portion of the building devoted to the use of the Meteor—
ol0gical Department. Better ‘ access has been given to the
rooms, which have been rendered much more commodious and
comfortable; the danger from fire has been diminished by the
introduction of steam warming apparatus, the meteorological
instruments have been changed in such particulars as experience
suggested, and each has been placed in a new and more orna—
mental case. So far as appearance and convenience are con—

cerned, these alterations leave nothing to be desired.

352

Congress, at its last session, took measures for the estab—
lishment of a Storm Signal Corps, in view of the interests of
navigation on the great lakes and on the Atlantic coast. 1
have been in communication with the officers having charge
of this duty, and have given them all the advice and assist-
ance in my power, both as regards the general plan to be pur—
sued, and the special management of the observatories that may
be established. I hope that the example set by the Board of
the Department of Public Parks may be followed in other
cities, for it is only by the institution of observatories such as
this in my charge that the meteorology of the continent can be

ascertained, and the intentions of Congress carried out.

There has been made, under the advice and direction of
this Department, a set of self—recording instruments for the
above named United States Signal Corps. These instruments are
intended to be used as models for others to be made for the
proposed public observatories. Their construction is substan-
tially the same as that of those described by me in the last

year’s report.

With a View of rendering self—recording instruments more
easy to use, and of causing their more general adoption, I have
made attempts to devise pencil machines to replace the photo-
graphic ones. The skill required to manage a pencil machine
is. much less than that required by one which demands a 'resort
to photography, the latter needing a practical knowledge of that

special art.

A description of these new instruments will be presently-

given.

 

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FENCE/L BA}? OME 79512

1870

 

 

 

 

353

It will, therefore, be seen that I have not restricted my
exertions to merely securing a correct record of the atmospheric
changes occurring at this city, but have also aided in taking
measures for promoting, the establishment of observatories simi—
lar to our own in other parts of the United States, for the
benefit of science, of navigation, and of agriculture, knowing
well that in doing this I was only carrying out the liberal and
enlightened intentions of the Board of Commissioners of Public
Parks.

The instruments described in my last report, as giving their
indications by the aid of photography, were the dry and wet
bulb thermometers, and the barometer. It is these that I have
converted into pencil instruments. At present, both the former
and the new ones are in use, and are giving corresponding
indications. It should be remarked that besides being much
more easily managed, the indications of the pencil machines can
be read at any moment; whereas in the case of those depend—
ing on the employment of photography, such indications cannot
be read until the sensitive plate has been developed on the
following day. I proceed to describe (I) the new recording
barometer, (2) the new recording thermometers, wet and dry
bulb.

(I) PENCIL SELF-RECORDING BAROMETER.

This consists of a glass tube more than 32 inches in length,
the upper. portion of which is much larger in diameter than
the lower. This tube is held firmly in a fixed position. It is
filled in the usual manner with quicksilver ;‘ its lower and open
end dips into a cylindrical tube or reservoir, containing the
same metal;

23

354

The reservoir is suspended from a spiral steel spring, and
has freedom of motion up and down. When the pressure of
the atmosphere diminishes, a portion of the mercury flows out
of the tube into the reservoir, which, becoming heav1er, stretches
the steel spring, a pencil fastened to the lower end of the
spring marking the position attained; of course, when the
pressure of the air increases, the reverse movement occurs.
The pencil makes its mark on asuitable paper card, which
is carried from right to left, at the rate of half an inch per

hour, by means of a clock.

It is obvious that the movements of the mercury in the
tube may be magnified to any required extent by increasing

the length of the spiral steel spring.

In Plate 1., a b is the barometer tube, the upper por-
tion a being wider than the lower portion &; it is firmly fixed
in an invariable position by means of the supports 6 c; a’ is
the cylindrical reservoir, also containing mercury, and suspended
by means of metal rods 5 e, from the spiral steel spring f f,
the upper end of which is attached to a firm support, the
lower end holding a pencil, which presses against the paper
card /z /2, which is carried by a clock 2' and the weight fa from

right to left, at the rate of half an inch per hour.

(2) PENCIL RECORDING THERMOMETERS.

The essential part of this contrivance is a copper wire, as
suggested by Father Secchi. It is 18- of an inch in diameter,
and about 45 feet long, the lower end. of this wire being at-
tached to an invariable support, and the upper to the end of
a lever of unequal arms. The wire passes down the outside of

the northern wall of the Observatory and is screened from the

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355

rays of the sun. To the longer arm of the lever a weight is
attached, running between guides, the line of attachment bearing
a pencil which presses against a card, drawn by a clock from

right to left, at the rate of half an inch per hour.

There are two of these wires with their accompanying levers,
one of them being wrapped with cotton kept constantly moist"
by water permitted to trickle down it. The other is left naked.
The latter answers to the dry—bulb thermometer, the former to
the wet.

When the temperature increases these wires extend, when
it diminishes they contract, and the attached lever correspond-

ingly moving, the pencil makes its appropriate marks.

In Plate II., a 5 is the uncovered wire, its lower end 5
being fixed, its upper attached to the lever c d, which has
.arms of unequal length and terminating in circular arcs. From
the end of the longer arm is suspended a weight 6, moving
between guides. To the line of suspension at f, the pencil is
attached. It impresses marks on the card g g, which is drawn
from right to left by the clock [2 and the weight 2‘ at the rate

of half an inch per hour.

In this plate I have not depicted the wet thermometer, as
it might render the figure confused. Its construction is the
same as in the preceding, except that the wire is wrapped with
cotton supplied with water from a small reservoir suitably

arranged.

To insure convenient comparison, the register from both
thermometers is .made upon the same card, that of the wet

immediately above the dry one.

356

In these descriptions, though I have used the designation
pencil machines, it must beunderstood that I have discontinued
the use of the black lead-pencil, and employ a pen of suitable
construction, fed with ink, the trace of which is of course
much more legible and permanent. The friction also is con—

siderably less when the pen is properly adjusted.

Inquiry has frequently been made of me, both as regards
the instruments herein described and also those in my former
report, Whether the spiral steel springs in use do not in the
course of time vary in their elasticity and give rise to incor—
rect indications, It is to be understood that no change occurs,
nor indeed can it occur, unless the modulus of elasticy of the
spring should be hoverpassed; a condition which, of course,
does not happen in any of these cases. .
1

During the year I have also made numerous experiments
with a View to the construction of new and accurate instru-
ments for the measurement of evaporation of water, expecting
that these would be of great value to the Croton Board of
Department of Public Works, or to the officers having charge
of the supply of water to the city. The rain-gauge described
in my last report has been now in uninterrupted and success—
ful operation for nearly two years, giving correct information
not only of the total quantity of water that has fallen, up to
any specified epoch, but also of many minute and singularly
interesting details. It has furnished a permanent record of the
time of beginning and ending of every rain shower, and of
the various phases occurring, the slackening and increasing of
the rain, the quantities of water that fell during such minor
periods, and the moment at which such variations happened,

and this is not only of mere showers, but also of every longer

,z’53lATE_ lZZ

Synxmfic Table of" Rain {all 1'01." 186”

F I G— . 1

JfiN, FEB. MAR‘ APRIL M JU E JUKLY

 

A G. PT4 OCT. NQV‘ C.

4- inches

3 indhes

‘2 inches

1 inch

\
I
Synoptic Table of Rain fall for 1870.
FIG. ‘2,
J . F B. MA ‘ APRIL Y JUNE < J LY G. SEPT‘ OCT. C

It inche s

3 inches

2 1.110118 8

1 inch

 

 

357

continued rain. Two of the most important elements required
by the Department having charge of the supply of the city
with water, are the amount of rain—fall and the loss by evapo-
ration. I hope in the course of the ensuing year to be able
to supply correct observations on the latter point, so far as

the locality of this observatory is concerned.

As respects rain-fall, figures I and 2, plate 111., may serve
as illustrations. The former offers a graphical representation
of the rain—fall for the year 1869, the latter for the year 1870.
An inspection of these figures will show, that the months; of
each year are laid off in vertical columns, and the rain-fall for
each week of each month is marked in inches and tenths of
inches by the horizontal lines. As examples, in the third week
of February, 1869, there fell three inches and two-tenths of
rain; in the third week of April there fell only half a tenth.
The maximum quantity of water falling during any one week
of that year was in the first week of October, the quantity
then being three inches and nine—tenths. If we look at the
second figure, that for 1870, the fall of rain was much more
uniform, and never reached in any one week the quantities
cited in February and October of the preceding year. There
were only four instances in which the rain-fall was more than
two inches; they occurred in the last week of January, the
last of March, the second of August, and the second of Oc-
tober. There were three weeks in that year in which there
was no rain. These were the last in August, the first in Sep-
tember, and the last in November. From these synoptic tables
it will be seen, that in the months of May and June, 1870,
there was much less rain-fall than in the corresponding months
of 1869. Tables thus constructed, from the self—recording 1:6‘

gisters of this observatory, serve to show whether there will

358

be a scanty supply of water for the summer. If such instru-
ments were placed on the supplying water-sheds of the Croton
Aqueduct, and synoptic tables constructed from their indications
for successive years in the manner here shown, it would readily
be determined whether the rain—fall is diminishing, and whether
other sources of supply besides the Croton river should be
looked for.

On the supposition that the rain-fall on the area supplying
the Croton Aqueduct is the same as on the Central Park, the
total quantity of water for the year 1869 was 228,826 million
gallons. The total quantity for 1870 was 206,776 million gallons.
It therefore appears that in the latter year the supply was very

much less than in the former, as follows:

1869, 228,826 million gallons.
1870, 206,776 “ “

 

Diiference, 22,050 “ “

 

In a minor but by no means an uninteresting particular,
the self-recording rain-gauge of this Observatory has proved
to be of public use.’ Instances have occurred in which arrange—
ments have been made between employers and their workmen
for the payment to the latter of a diminished rate of wages
on rainy days. In cases wherein disputes have arisen as re-
spects the occurrence of such rainy days, and the interference
of the rain with work, by reason of its greater or less quan-
tity during working hours, the indications of the rain—gauge
have proved to be of singular use, and have been accepted

as affording a satisfactory determination of the amount 0f

359

wages to be paid—a striking example of the fact that refined
scientific instruments may be of important use in the interest

of the laboring man.

I have furnished records of the condition of the atmosphere
to the Commissioners of Public Charities and Correction, and
to the Health Department of New York. 'Much interest has
of late been excited by the connection appearing to exist be—
tween meteorological conditions and the death rate, not only
in the hospitals but in cities generally.. I attach to this report
a synoptic chart, which I have constructed, of the death rate
at various atmospheric conditions, both of temperature and
moisture, as shown by the dry'and wet bulb thermometers
In this chart the upper curve indicates how the death rate
increases with the temperature, which is marked by the middle
curve, the lower’ curve giving the degree of the wet bulb.
The chart is for the month of July, 1870. The numbers on
the lines marked A B represent the temperature in Fahrenheit
degrees, and also the number of deaths per day. Those on
the line B C, the days of the month.

As an example, it certainly appears frbm Plate IV. that
there are some curious coincidences. Thus, the high tem—
perature occurring on the Ist of July, and again on the 6th
and on the 17th, was attended by a high death rate. The
diminished temperature of the 3d, 9th, 20th and 22d by a low
death rate. That rate rose again on the 25th with the rise

of temperature, and fell again about the 28th with its fall.

It will be remarked, however, that with these coincidences
there are some exceptions, as, for example, on the 12th of the
month, when, though the temperature was stationary, the death

rate rapidly rose.

360

It will be remarked, also, that the maximum death rate
usually follows the maximum temperature after the interval of
about one day, and the same may be said of the minimum..
This is as though it tdok about that length of time for these
variations of temperature to give the full impression of their

effect.

I have also furnished meteorological tables to various other
meteorological institutions, and each week to the New York
newspapers. The observations made have been much sought
after in many legal controversies before the courts.

Automatic or self-recording instruments give results incom-
parably more valuable than those which are restricted to period-
ical personal inspection. They require, however, very great care,
not only in their management, but also in the interpretation of
their indications. To this latter point I have given much at-
tention, as also to the means of reduplicating or copying the
registers primarily given by the instruments. The necessary .
measurements have been made on a correctly divided brass
scale. The reduplication or copying has been accomplished as
the occasion seemed to indicate, sometimes by a pantagraph.
sometimes by photography, sometimes by direct tracing. The
interpretation of the results of these registers has been con-
stantly checked by direct and periodical readings of the bar-

ometers and thermometers.

I may be permitted to close this report with some miscel-
laneous remarks respecting the instruments thus in use, these
remarks serving as an appendix to the description given in the

report of last year.

And, first, as regards the barometer. I have made no. at-

tempt to secure in the photographs made by the instrument

. PLATE IV"

210

200 ' 200

.170

1(5 0

140

130

12 0

 

6’7 9.101112131415161716192021222324252627

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Comparison of Death-ram and Temperature
for July 1870.

1 2.3)....(3.

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r 361

any correction for variation of temperature, preferring rather to -
furnish the degree given by the attached thermometer. In some
foreign observatories such a correction is attempted by the ad-
dition of an apparatus of metal rods, usually made of 'zinc, but
these, by reason of their smallenmass, heat and cool more
quickly than the mercurial column in the barometer tube itself.
In attempting correction in that manner regard should be had
to the mass of the correcting metal, as well as to its coefficient
of expansion. This criticism applies, of course, in a certain de—

gree, to an attached thermometer as commonly used.

2d. Though in some of the foreign observatories automatic
instruments are not employed for the determination of the force
of the wind, I am persuaded that the system here used is

highly desirable.

When the force of the wind is deduced from its velocity,
by the well—known rules, all the characteristic variations are
missed, everything is as it were mixed up, and we have what
may be designated as merely a general mean of the whole.
Often the most important phases are altogether lost; as regards
the rule itself, it is necessarily incorrect if it does not include
variations in the density of the air. Of two winds, blowing
with an equal velocity, that which is of denser air will produce

a greater force.

In the subjoined tables indicating the velocity of the wind, I
have not thought it well to introduce the correction of the
friction coefficient, used ”in the English observatories, preferring

simply to give the numbers as observed.

3d. In the determination of the direction of the wind, I be—
lieve that great advantages arise from the use of the simple

vane. It has been supposed to be desirable to resort to means

362

’t

for diminishing or checking its oscillations, under an impression
that if these be permitted to be recorded on the register, they
will interfere with a correct determination of the prevailing
direction of the wind. But an examination of the plate oppo—
site page 114 of last year’s report will show how needless such
an apprehension is. In such an instance there is no difficulty
in ascertaining the cardinal direction of the predominating wind,
and this is not a selected specimen; it may be received as a

correct sample of the daily proofs.

But from an inspection of that plate it will be perceived
that the indications are given of gusts periodically occurring in
the general movement of the wind; periodically, for they happen
at intervals sensibly to equal each other. The same will also
be remarked in the plate indicating the force of. the wind oppo-
site page 116. Any general discussion of the movements of a
storm must include a discussion of these periodical gusts, the
very existence of which is concealed, when the oscillations of

the vane are checked.

4th. In the photographic method employed in this observatory,
instead of sensitive paper a dry collodion surface is used. In
this manner not only is a correct surface obtained, there being
no bulging or bagging, and the surface is much more sensitive
to light.

I add hereto tables containing the monthly and annual reports

for the year 1870.
All which is respectfully submitted.

DANIEL DRAPER,

Dz’rooz‘or of Meteorological Observatory,
Corzz‘rcz/ Park.

363

I.

TABLE s/zowz'ng t/ze flag/2t: of tile Baromez‘er, mom/11y, for t/ze Year .1870, reduced to
Freezing Poinl, Fa/zren/zeit.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MEAN MEAN MEAN DIFFERENCE
MONTHS— 1870. . AT AT AT 131:1:qu fififal‘ 112443;; OR
7 A.M. 2 RM. 9 P.M. ' ° ' RANGE.
January ........... 30.035 29.976 30.005 30.005 30. 528 28.998 I .540
I‘ebruary. .\ ......... 29.847 29.781 29 . 810 29.812 30.422 29.058 1.364
March ............. 29.850 29 .820 29 . 833 29.834 30.456 29. 106 1.350
April .............. 29.878 29.841 29 .874 29.864 30. 350 29.440 .910
May .............. 29.876 29.846 29.849 29_. 857 30.290 29.374 .916
June ............... 29 . 898 29.87 1 29 . 876 29.881 30. 242 29.716 .526
July ............... 29.881 29.870 29 . 876 29.875 30. 182 29 .686 .496
August............- 29.929 29.898 29.908 29.911 30.364 29.810 .554
September. .8 ........ 30.058 30.014 30.035 30.035 30.442 29. 690 .752
October ........... 29.992 29.984 29.995 29.990 30. 572 29.396 1 . 172
‘ November. ......... 29.923 29.880 29.923 29.908 30.352 29.474 .878
December ......... 29 .896 29.840 29.872 29.869 30. 388 29 . 380 I .008
Year mean at 7 AM ............................. 29.921
“ 2 P.M ............................ 29.968
“ 4 9 P.M ............................ 29.904
Mean for the year ............................... 29 .4931
Maximum for the year ........................... 30.572 at 9 AM. Oct. 24.
Mmimum for the year .......................... 28.988 at 4 P.M. Jan. 2.
Difference or range ............................. V I . 584

m

364

II.

TABLE s/zowz'rzg t/ze Sizzle of t/ze T lzermometer, manila/y, for the Year 1870.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

'MONTHS..1870. MEN MEN MEN B13311: fig;- 1333: ”“31””
7 A.M. 2 RM. 9 RM. ' RANGE.
January ............. 34.49 40.28 38.09 37.45 58.0 17.0 41.0
February ............ 27.21 34.34 32.35 31.27 52.0 9.5 42.5
March .............. 31.08 37.18 31.11 34.09 56.0 18.7 37.3
April ............... 46.28 55.50 50.33 50.70 80.0 33.0 47.0
May ................ 56 06 65.50 62.88 6086 86.2 45.0 41.2
June ................ 68.13 77.91 72.65 72.85 94.0 55.0 i 39.0
July ................ 72.36 80.79 76.92 76.55 93.0 59.0 34.0
August ............. 70.29 80.28 75.29 75.25 90.0 58.0 32.0
September .......... 61.85 73.31 67.64 67.64 85.2 52.0 ‘ 33.2
October ............. 52.63 61.40 56.19 56.71 76.2 32.5 43.7
November ........... 41.44 50.05 44.85 45.49 66.5 29 0 37.5
December......_..... 31.47 36.97 33.95 34.13 57.0 9.5 47.5
Year mean at 7 AM ................... 49.44
“ 2 P.M. .................. 57.79
“ 9 RM. .................. 53.52
Mean for the year .................... 53. 58
Maximum for the year. ................. 94.0 above zero at 4 PM. June 28.
Minimum for the year .................. 9.5 “ at 4 A.M. Feb. 22.

W

Difference or range ................ . . . . 84. 5

365

III.

TABLE rimming [/13 State of tile Wefibzdb Thermometer, mom‘fily, for [/16 Year 1870.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MEAN MEAN MEAN I REMARKS.
MONTHS—1870. AT AT AT £:::H DlgviiiNchngE-
7 A.M. 2 P.M. 9 P.M. ' AND WET BULBS.
January ......................... 32.51 36.70 35.36 34.85 37.45 2.60
February ........................ 26.57 33.35 31.19 30.37 31.27 .90
March .......................... 30.06 35.22 32.45 32.57 34.09 1.52
April ........................... 42.17 49.34 45.23 45.58 50.70 5.12
May. . . ......................... 51.96 58.20 58.99 56.38 60.86 4.48
June ............................ 63.75 69.33 66.68 66.58 72.85 6.27
July ............................ 76.10 71.65 69.85 69.53 76.55 7.02
August ......................... ‘ 64.88 69.46 68.38 67.57 75.25 7.68
Septembez ...................... i 57.52 62.60 61.45 60.52 67.64 7.12
October... .................... I 49.34 53.30 50.92 51.18 56.71 4.53
November ....................... E 36.97 43.58 39.61 40.05 45.49 5.44
December ........................ I 29.49 33.49 31.51 31.49 34.13 2.62
Year mean at 7 AM ................................... 46.02
“ 2 P.M .................................. .. 51.45
“ 9 P.M. .................................. 49.30
Mean for the year ..................................... 48.89
Diflercnce between the Wet and Dry-bulb Thermometers for the year at—
7 A.M. 2 RM. 9 RM.
Dry—bulb .................... 49.44 57.79 53.52
Wet-bulb .................... 46.02 5 1.35 49. 30
3.42 6.44 3 4.22

 

 

 

 

366
IV.

TABLE s/wwing t/ze Duration and Dept/z of Rain and Snow, mom/14y, during t/ze Year 1870.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RAIN.
m ”5—75
B Q- DURATION. E1 E U;
D: 1:: . U m
3% E a5 $5
Z 121 m H z
0 U 0 3 <1 1—4
MONTHS—1870. g a E E B :2: REMARKS.
<11 Q 2 m In H
Q 2 u; H Q 0 5
E? . E 3 E E ES
.5“ 2% a E E s E E
Z O E E Q (-4 Q
January ........... II 3 14 35 14.41 4 41 ......
February .......... I I7 35 2 .83 7.24 ......
March. .. , ........ 4 2 4 . 3.33 10.57 ......
April ............. ‘12 4 3 40 5.11 15.68 ......
May .............. 12 3 7 15 1.93 17.61 ......
June .............. I3 2 10 40 2 .82 20.43 ......
July .............. 8 1 9 3.76 24.19 ......
August ............ 8 I 20 3 .07 27.26 ......
Sep‘tember ......... 3 1 18 45 2. 56 29 . 82 ......
October ........... I 1 3 I I 45 5 .00 34. 82 ......
No’vember....... . 7 1 20 30 2.45 37.27 ......
December ......... 5 23 50 2. 18 39 .45 ......
Total. . . . . . . . . 101 28 17 35 39.45 2.87 42.30 { TOtaIISSEEE (5)1503?“ and
SNOW.
January ........... 3 17 15 1.12 1.12 .14 6
February .......... / 2 1 2 30 9.25 10.37 1.00
March ............ 7 2 1 15 9.62 19.99 i 1.15
April ............. 1 1 2 2. 50 22.49 .43
December ......... 2 14 30 3.00 25 .49 .15
Total ......... 15 4 23 30 25.49 ....... 2.87

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE Mowing t/ze Velocity of [/26 I/Vimz’, (ma’ Prevailing W'ina’s, during {/13 Year 1870.

367

V.

 

 

 

MONTHS—1870. MILES. 1131:1111? $135}? pREVAILING WIND.
January . . , .............. 6,960 224. 5 _ 9 . 35 West—southwest.
February ................ 8, 127 290. 6 12. 10 West-northwest.
March .................. 8,947 288 . 6 I I .99 Northwest.

April ................... 7,534 25 I . I 10.76 Northwest.

May .................... 5,321 171.6 7.16 Northeast.

June ................. 4,575 152.5 6.45 West.

July .................... 4, 725 I 52 .4 6. 34 West-northwest.
August .................. 4, 328 I39. 6 5 . 82 Northwest.
September ............... 4, 550 I 5 I . 6 6. 7 3 South-southwest.
October .................. 6,081 196 . 1 8. I4 West-northwest.
November ............... 6, 723 224. 1 9. 30 Northwest.
December ........... ' ..... 7, 760 250. 3 Io. 39 West-northwest.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The total distance traveled by the wind during the year was 75,631 miles.

The prevailing winds were northwest and west-northwest.

VI.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE Mowing t/ze I’oinfs from w/zz'c/z tile Wind came during [/26 Year 1870.
JANUARY. FEB. MARCH. APRIL. MAY. JUNE. JULY. AUGUST. SEPT. OCTOBER. Nov. DEC

.5
POINTS. E

4; LL :2. < 2.. 2. <1: 9. a. < a. 9. <1 9. a. < a. 9. <1 9. a. < a. a. < a. a. < a. a. < 2. a. < .2. a.

‘ x o: Ch xx 0: ON xx u o xx a o x N 0\ x u as x a 0» x m ox xx oz ox xx a o x on O x u ox
N ........................ 5 2 3 3 I 4 I 5 2 4 I 3 I o 2 I I o I o o 2 2 I 4 4 3 I I I o 0 o o I I 61
NNE .................... I o I 3 I o 3 o 2 I 3 I 3 2 2 2 I I 4 o 0 I 0 I I I I 3 4 3 2 o I I I 2 53
NE ....................... 4 3 5 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 4 2 6 3 3 5 2 I 3 2 I I 0 I 2 2 o I I o o o I o 'o I 70
ENE ..................... 2 4 I I I o 2 4 3 3 4 2 2 5 2 3 4 4 o 3 I o I o I 2 I I I I I 2 I o I o 64
E ........................ o o o I I 'I I 2 2 I o o 2 2 2 o I I o 3 I o I I o o I o o o o o o I o o 25
ESE ..................... I o o o o o o I I I 2 I o 2 I o I 5 I o 5 o I o 2 I 2 o o o o I o o 2 0 3I
SE ....................... o I o 5 I I I I o 5 2 I 3 2 2 3 4 o 3 3 o 4 2 o 3 2 I 2 I o 2 o o I I 60
SSE ...................... 2 0 I I o 3 o o 0 0 I 2 o I 5 0 I I I 2 3 o 6 4 I 2 2 o 3 I 2 2 I o o o 48
S ........................ o o I I o o I o o o o 3 I I 2 o I o I 2 2 I I 2 I 0 I I 3 3 o o 2 o o 1 32
SSW ..................... 3 o 2 o o o o o o I o 3 0 2 2 o 3 o o I o 3 o 5 o 4 7 I 0 4 o o o I o I 43
SVV.... .................. I I 2 o I o 0 I 0 O I 2 o 4 2 2 2 2 I I 7 3 7 4 I. I 3 2 4 3 4 2, 2 2 o 2 70
WSW ................ 3 4 5 o I 0 I 2 o 5 2 2 5 2 2 o I 3 7 2 I 3 2 2 5 2 o 4 2 3 6 4 3 5 6 2 97
W ........... . ............ 5 2 3 4 3 4 I I 4 2 I o 4 I o 6 I 7 I 7 4 9 I 3 5 I o 6 2' 4 3 5 6 7 I 6 120
WNW .................... 2 5 4 7 .7 8 9 6 6 3 2 3 3 0 2 6 4 0 7 4 2 3 I I 2 3 4 6 5 4, 5 4 6 II II 6 162
NW ...................... 2 6 I 4 5 4 3 5 3 4 3 4 I 3 2 3 3 I 4 I I 5 3 I 2’ 3 2 3 2 2 7 7 5 1 6 7 119
NNW .................... o l I I I o I 5 I 5 2 I o 2 0 o o I o o o o o I 3 3 I I I I I o I 2 2 I I 40

9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

REMARK.—The prevailing wind for thé year 1870 was west-northwest.

899

369

VII.

TABLE showing Companson of Years 1868, 1869, 1870.

 

1868. 1869. 1870.
Barometer: '
Highest—inches .................... 30-750 30-625 30-572
“ “ date ................ Feb. 24—7 A.M. Dec. 9——11 A.M. Oct. 24—9 A.M.
Greatest mean monthly pressure ...... 30.165 30.068 30.035
“ “ “ “ date. . February. December. September.
Lowest—inches .................... 29.076 28-932 28-988
“ “ date ................ Dec. 7—9 P.M. Feb. 4-—7 A.M. Jan. 2—4 P.M.
Least mean monthly pressure ........ 29.958 29.723 29.812
‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ' date . December. May. February.
Mean for the year .................. 30.054- 29909 29-931
Thermometer :
Highestwdegrees ................... 95-5 94-7 94-0
“ “ date. . . . . . . . . . . .‘. July 4—2:30 P.M. Aug. 21—2 P.M. June 28~4 P.M.
Mean of the warmest month ........ 76.0 72.8 76.0
“ ‘ “ “ date. . . . July. July. July.
Lowest—degree . . . . . ............... I .4 4-0 9-5
“ “ date. . . . . .. . . Feb. 23——4:35 A.M. Mar. 1-—4 A.M. Feb. 22*4 A.M.
Mean for the year .................. 48.9 51.4 53.5
Rain :
Amcunt—inches .................... 50.42 40-50 39-45
Snow :
Amount (as water)—inches .......... 8.05 6.23 2.87

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

24

JANUARY, I 870.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BAROMETi§ta£E2§§m0meter THElziIMcgnI/DlggirizrgShade WIND. CLOUDS. RAIN AND SNOW.
7 A. M. 2 P. M. 9 P. M. 7 A. M. 2 P. M. 9 P. M. 7 A. M 2 P. M. 9 P. M. 5 83-13 2
p, :5 5 p; Amount of Depth of
'83 33' '8 . . 3' “8.; 5 g g g 32“" .3 BTime of {Mtge of \Vater. Snow.
. >4: 1'.“ >33 8" >43 3L“ :3 '5 '1: 0 m E a: .3 _ e inning. ‘n ing.
E Egg” fig tug-:10 avg 57% 12% >1 4.: >2 .2 9‘ .5 8 8 8 3.728%!) 'f 2 E g Inches. Inches.
<12: ficnm 2.12mi“? .. v 1. v .. w .b .L‘ A: 052.- < 2 a.
C; 0 E 0 0 E 0 B 0 B 0 B m m m :> A on o
1 30.106 33 7 30.066I4I.5 2 . 68 42 3. 33 1.5 ‘0 2 42 NW NE NE 117 8 10 10 1:30 P. M. 51'. M. .08
229-542 45-5 29.056 52.2 23.376 40 $5.; 44.5 452.2502 :0 33.5 NE SE SSW 445 10 10 2 1A. M. 1:30 P. M. 1.18
'3 29.496 36 29.524 40.5 29.618 35.7 36 32 40.5 34.2 35.7 31.2 SSW S\V WSW 517 3 8 3
4 29.658 29 29.662 33.5 29.770 31.5 29 27 33 33 31.5 31 W W W 210 2 6 10
5 29-916 27.5 30.088 33 30.224 30.5 27.5 27.5 33 32.5 30.5 30.5 WNW WNW W 298 8 5 o
6 30.148 33 30.034 42.5 29.984 40.7 33 31.5 42.5 24.2 40.7 27 WSW WSW WSW 213 8 7 10 6:45 A. M. 12 P. M. .06
7 30.016 25.7 30.078 27 30.108 30.5 25.7 24.2 27 26 30.5 30 NW NW \VNW 339 6 4 9 0h. 0111. A. M. 4 A. M. .11
8 29.938 27.2 29,828 30 29.968 20.5 27.2 27 30 30 20.5 20.5 ESE VVN\V \VNVV 165 9 1 0 7:45 A. M. 11:30 A. M. .10 31.00
9 30.182 17 30.274 21 30.282 27 17 17 21 21 27 27 W VVN\V WSW 286 0 3 9 . 1-
10 30.128 29 29.990 30 30.008 37 -29 29 30 30 37 35.5 SSW VVNW' WNW 292 10 9 0 12 M. 1 P. M. .......... Very 5.;ght.
11 30.196 31.7 30.300 41.5 30.330 41.5 31.7 31.7 41.5 35 41.5 38 W NW SSE 127 0 7 8
12 30.152 42.7 29.962 49.5 30.022 45.7 42.741 49.5 43 45.7 41.7 SSW WSW SW 145 7 '8 9
13 29.964 45.5 29.844 50 30.046 30.2 45.5 42.5 50 48.2 30.2 29 SSE W N 142 9 8 IO
14 30.376 I7-5 30.512 27 30.416 27.5 17.5 17.2 27 26.7 27.5 27.5 N ENE NE 298 9 10 10 8:30 P. M. 12 I‘. M. .03
15 30.206 32.5 29.938 36 29.772 47 32.5 32.5 36 35.5 47 46.5 NE NE WSW 368 10 1o 10 oh. 0111. A. M. 9 P. M. .32
16 30.064 39 30.194 46 30.260 38.5 39 36.5 46 41 38.5 36.5 W NW NE 199 3 5 8 .
17 30.144 40 29.982 51.5 29.994 55.5 40 39.5 51.5 51 55.554 ENE SE SW 176 10 10 10 8:30 A. M. 11 P. M 15
I8 30.214 48 30.320 43.5 30.410 43 48 41 43.5 34.5 43 34 W NW NNW 237 8 8 4
19 30.504 29.7 30.490 38.5 30.416 31.5 29.725.738.536 31.5 30.7 N ENE NE 126 6 3 3
20 30.288 33.7 30.132 40 30.048 41.5 33.7 33 40 37.5 41.5 39.7 NE NNW S 27 4 7 , o
21 30.062 36.7 30.116 43.5 30.288 35 36.7 34 43.5 37 35 31.5 WSW N\V ’ N 169 o 4 2
22 30.450 30.5 30.424 39.5 30.340 42.2 30.5 27.5 39.5 36 42.2 41 N SE SE 105 0 7 10
23 30.062 45.7 29.968 54.5 30.038 55.5 45.7 44.7 54.5 52.2 55.5 53.2 SSE WSW WSW 146 IO 8 10 8:20 P. M. 12 P. M. .03
oh om.A.M. 1:15 A. M. .02
24430.148 35.2 30.152 38.5 30.092 57.5 35.2 32 38.5 35.5 37.5 36 N ENE ENE 193 7 9 10 { 8:45P. M 12 P. M- .03
25 29.632 38.7 29.432 46 29.652 40.7 38.7 38 46 45.7 40.7 38 ENE N W 193 10 10 7 oh. om. A. M. 4:10 P. M. 1.33
26 29.902 37.7 30.006 51.5 30.046 49.2 37.7 34.54515 43 49.2 44.2 WSW WSW SSW 264 7 5 4
27 30.012 44.5 30.072 49.5 30.146 39.5 44 5 40.5 49.5 43 39.5 35.5 SW NW N 182 2 4 0
2830.220 32 30.232 40 30.240 40 32 28.2 40 32 40 32.5 N N_ NW 220 0 6 8
2 30.064 35 29.778 40 29.602 36.2 35 32.5440 39.5 36.2 34.5 NE ENE WNW 121 10 10 10 9 A. M. 11 P. M. .93
3029-868 38 29-932 40-7 29-948 37-7 38 32 7 40-7 34 37-7 33 WNW WNW NE 390 5 4 Io
31 29.910 31.5 29.856 30.5 29.762 31 31.5 30 |3o.5 30.5 31 ‘31 NNE NE NNE 250 10 9 10 10 A M. 11:30 P. M. .04 12

 

 

 

0&9

 

FEBRUARY, 1870.

 

 

 

BAROMETER (Thermometer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THERMOMETER (Shade in

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

attached). open 211). \VIND. CLOUDS. RAIN AND SNOW.
7 A. M. 2 P. M. 9 P. M. 7 A. M. 2 P. M. 9 P. M. 7 A. M. 2 P. M. 9 1’. M. .5 $13 2
. ' ‘ _ >1 15 5 91 Amount of Depth of
*8 .5 . 8 '8 .3 1 «’3 '8 u 1 45' g g E 3:94 S TEme _0f 'ljime of Water. Snow.

. if” 336 if” 5‘6 if}, 315 .3 \ .3 .5 83 E c: _. .. .4 iegmmng. Lndmg.

3 8'8 1; E 3'5 5:: E 3'5 .6. 5 >2 .5 >2 .5 >1 .J 0 0 q) H: g 43:0 0 1% 5 Inches. Inches.

(’3 43m 0 won: Hg '04:; HO 5.. 0 3.. o L. 0) .51 .5 .5. 05am <1; 9.. 9..
0 o E 0 o a m B 0 g m B m m m > N N o

129.610 29.229.788 35.2 29.996 24.5 29.229.2 35 235 24.5 24.2 NW NW NW 297 3 7 0

230.094 26.7 29.940 39 29.990 34.2 26.7 26.2 39 38 34.2 33.5 E SE NNW 301 7 8 0

330.072 30 30.066 36.7 30.196 25.7 30 29.2 36.7 36.2 25.7 25.2 NNE N N 150 3 2 10

430.376 17.5 30.376 24.5 30 380 21.5 17.5 17.5 24.5 24.5 21.5 21.2 N ENE NE 35 o 4 9

530.240 24 30.180 28.5 30.182 29.5 24 24 28.5285 29.5 29.2 NNE NE N 352 8 9 10

630.074 28 30.034 32.5 30.068 31 28 26.732.531.531 30.5 N WNW N 136 8 6 2 (,9
730.152 29.5 30.150 36 30.130 37.7 29.5 29.2 36 35.237.7 36 N NNE E 78 o 2 IO \1
8 29.766 32 29.224 32 29.168 28 32 32 32 32 28 28 NE NE NW 322 10 10 10 5 A. M. 91' M. .82 8 00 H
9 29.370 29 29.416 33‘ 29.514 32.7 29 29 33 32 5 32.7 32.2 WNW NNW W 530 8 3 8
10 29.588 29.5 29.620 36.5 29.814 32 29.529.236.536 32 31.7 W NW WNW 246 7 8 7
11 30.000 23 29.992 32.7 29.898 36.5 23 22.5 32.7 32.2 36.5 34.2 W W SSE 316 4 8 10

12 29.590 37 29.552 43 29.694 39.5 37 36.2 43 38.5 39.5 34 S WSW NW 145 10 7 3 4 A. M. 7:15 A.M. .03

13 29.980 24 30.038 28 30.108 34.5 24 22.5 28 28 34.5 33.7 WNW WNW NW 3'86 3 2 0

14 30.016 27 29.796 40.5 29.614 46 27 25.7 40.5 38.5 46 44.7 NE SE SSE 112 9 10 10 4 P. M. 12 P. M. .40

15 29.650 43.5 29.700 44 29.800 35 43.5 42 44 43 35 33.7 W NW N 174 9 10 10 211.11. 11:151’. M. .42

16 30.062 33.2 30.194 41 30.358 37.2 33.2 29.2 41 34.5 37.2 31.5 NW WNW WNW 261 2 0 0 .

17 30.420 30.5 30.356 45 30.188 44 30.5 29.2 45 41.2 44 41.7 WNW SE SSE 111 ~ 3 2 10 8 P. M. 91‘. M. very Sllght

18 29.756 48 29.372 51.7 29.252 41.5 48 47.7 51.7 51.5 41.5 41.5 SSE SE WNW 480 10 10 10 7:15 A. M. 111). M .41

I9 29-532 26-2 29-740 30-529-950 27-7 25-2 25-530 30-527-7 27-5 WNW NW WNW 4339 8 0 0
20 30.036 26.5 29.916 45.2 29.732 43 26.5 25.5 45.2 43.2 43 41.5 NNE SE WNW 238 o 5 10 5 P. M. 10:30 P. M. .57
21 29.760 17 29.774 16.5 29.884 14 17 17 16.5 16.5 14 14 NW WNW W 415 2 5 0
22 29.908 10.2 29.832 20 29.836 20.2 10.2 10.2 20 19.7 20.2 20.2 WNW W WNW 412 o 4 o
23 29.750 21.2 29.650 33 29.596 33 21.2 21 33 32.7 33 30.5 W SW W 175 2 o 2
24 29.496 22.7 29.458 32.5 29.584 21 22.7 22.2 32.5 32.5 21 21 NNW NW SE 218 3 2 O
25 29.676 12.7 29.614 26 29.562 30.5 12.7 12.7 26 25 30.5 30.2 WNW WNW WNW 512 2 3 o
26 29.630 27.5 29.622 35.5 29.656 35.2 27.527.235.535 35.2 34.7 NW WNW WNW 359 o 7 10
27 29.644 28 29.000 30.7 29.302 32.2 28 27.5 30.7 30.2 2.2 32 ENE E NE 307 9 10 10 5:30 P. M. 12 P. M. .03 1 1 9
28 29.376 28.5 29.404 32 29.506 38 28.5 28.2 32 32 38 35.2 WNW W W 292 10 10 10 0h. om. A. M. 4 P. M. .15 j ' '5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MARCH, .1870.

 

 

BAROMETER (Thermometer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

. THERMOMETER (Shade 1n WIND. CLOUDS. RAIN AND €3,092
attached). open axr)
7 A. M 2 P. M. ‘9 P. M. 7 A. M. 2 P. M. 9 P. M. 7 A. M 2 P. M. 9 P. M. .5 $6 2
p. ,4 5 9; Amount of Depth of
rs . 1.: r9 . 1: 'U , 1; d :3 c: .1199 a Time of Time of Water. Snow.
523 EL 8 3:3 ,'_ 3 “>93 ,5 g .9 .9 .9 o u, m g; _ Beginning. Ending.
. 1. m 53 0 250 cu ‘9 ago 0 0 , 8 ‘5 8 02 ’5 2 .4 .1 Inches. Inches.
3 8'5 :5 809E 81: FE ' u >1 .1 >1 .5 o.) o 0 ~20qu . 2 a:
«S .0114 ~ 0 .05: r4 0 pm E"O t‘ 4’ 1.. 0 1. 0 .b .3: .2 05.1.1.2 <1 9. ,3.
m 02 E 0 E 0 a a B Q a m B m m a > 4 c. c.
1 2 .612 33 29.606 35.5 2 .630 33.5 33 32.5 35.5 .2 33.5 33 WNW WNW W 303 8 5 0
2 23.650 26 29.666 30.2 23.800 24.7 .26 25.5 30.2 i5 24.7 24.2 WNW NW WNW 327 8 3 2
329.914 225129.982 31 30.084 25.2 22.5 22:2 31 30.5252 25.2 WNW WNW NNW’ 494 0 0 o
4 30.078 20.529.940 24 29.830 24.5 20.5 20.5 24 24 24.5 24.5 NNE E NNE 207 9 10 10 0:30 P. M. 12 P.M. 04 } 0
5 29.893 24 29.962 28 .2 30.050 26.5 24 24 28.2 28 26.5 26.2 NNW N N 230 10 10 9 0h. 0111. A. M. 9:15 A.M. .02 ’5
6 30.074 23 30.006 30 29.882 28.7 23 22.7 30 29.7 28.7 27.7 N N ENE 95 10 10 10 3:30 P. M. 12 P. M. .07 6
7 29.624 30.5 29.616 31 29.702 31 30.5 30 31 30.5 31 30.5 ENE NE NNE 199 10 10 10 oh. om. A. M. 10:30 P. M. .50 } '00
829.772 27.5 29.800 33.529.854 30.2 27.527 33.5 33 30.230 NNE VVN\V WNW 129 8 7 3
9 29.952 25 29.964 32. 5 29.984 30.5 25 24.2 32.5 32.5 30.5 30.2 WNW \VNVV W 286 0 3 4
IO 29.990 27 29.828 37. 7 29.844 40.2 27 27 37.7 34.7 40.2 37.7 WSW SW NW 249 2 3 8
11 29.978 26 29.900 38 29.816 30.5 26 26 38 35.5 30.5 30 WNW ESE NE 198 4 7 10
12 29.856 28 29.762 27 .2 29.626 26.2 28 28 27.2 27.2 26.2 26.2 NE NE NE 329 10 9 10 9 P. M. 12 P. M. .06 0
13 29.156 27.2 29.170 26.7 29.480 26 27.227.2 26.7 26.7 26 26 NE NN\V NNW 524 10 10 10 0h. 0111. A. M 6P.M. .45 3' 0
1429.780 27.2 29.884 37.5 29.948 32.5 27.227.2 27.5 37.2 32.5 32.2 NNW NW NNW 278 3 5 2
15 30.042 28.730.0743 29.956 34.7 28.7 28.5 59 35 34.7 33 NNW ENE ESE 146 0 2 8
16 29.410 36.5 29.318 30 .5 29.442 26.2 36.5 34.; 30.5 28 26.2 26.2 E WSW W 443 10 4 0 5 A.M. 11:45 A. M. .90
17 29.328 19 29.262 26 29.394 31 19 19 26 26 3I 30.7 WNW WNW NW 326 5 8 9 5:30 p, m, 9 p, M. ,01 .12
18 29.564 30 29.750 36 29.932 33 3o 30 36 35.5 33 31.2 WNW N N 322 9 3 o
19 30.050 28 30.082 40 30.086 40.2 28 28 40 38.5 40.2 35.2 NW N NNW 250 ’0 0 0
2) 30.044 68.229.990 48.7 29.902 43 38.2 36.7 48.7 43.543 40.7 NNW SE SE 72 0 8 10
21 29.760 44 29.692 50 29.834 45.2 44 42.2 50 48 45.2 41.5 SE W WNW 96 9 9 6 1:45 A.M. 4A M. .04
22 29.874 40.7 29.872 49 29.922 41 40.7 38 49 41 41 34.5 W \VNVV WNW 194 2 5 3
23 29-948 35 29-946 37 30-076 31.7 35 31 37 43 31-7 29-5 WNW NW WNW 39I 2 7 5
24 30.194 32 30.188 40.5 30.286 30.2 32 31 40.5 40 30.2 30.2 NW NW WNW 588 0 0 0
25 30.344 28.5 30.346 40.5 30.396 35.5 28.5 28.2 40.5 40.5 35.5 30.5 VVN‘N N\V NW_ 417 0 0 0
26 30.420 31 30.384 38.5 30.272 36 31 30-5 38.5 34 36 33.5 NNE ENE E 140 2 7 7 .
27 29.946 37 29.590 41 29.380 44.2 37 35 41 40 44.2 44 ENE E E 589 10 10 10 8 A. M. 12 P. M. 1.13
28 29.336 44 29.400 45 29.530 42.2 44 43.2 45 43 42.2 41 S WSW W 437 9 9 9 0h. 0111. A. M. 121’. M. .11
29 29.750 40 29.858 48.7 29.980 46 .40 37 48.7 43 46 42 N\V N N‘NW 193 8 7 10
30 30.058 41.5 30.134 49.5 30.210 43.7 41.5 38.7 49.5 44 743.7 39.5 NNW ENE ENE 200 6 8 10
30.178 42 30.164 49.7r30.160[43.5 .42 36.2 49.7 43 7 43.5 39.2 IVE ENE I ENE 1 295 3 7 6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

\ APRIL, I 870.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BAROM:Ttgiiggfrmometer l THERMosgigEgrgShade m WIND. CLOUDS. RAIN AND SNOW.
7 A. M. 2 P. M. 9 P. M. 4 7 A. M. 2 P. M. 9 P. M. 7 A. M. 2 P. M. 9 P. M. 5 gt; 2'
E; >4 1.. g a; . Amount of Depth of
'0 . 1: .5 . 1: '0 . 14H :5 r_: :5 3:42 N Time of Tlmge cf \Vater. Snow.
:3 ,L 53 g}; ;_ 8 2:3,: J. 3 .l ,9. .9. .9 0 m a”; _ Begmning. Endnzg.
c. 4’33” 2 68) 33.31) E g 33-?!) 2 0f , . . , ‘6 8 ‘13 0.2 E bn 2 2' 2' Inches. Inches.
+; M0) HO If” ‘ O 14.8) ME‘ 51 '8 >9 0.; $1 5 g e 2 HIECG ' .' ,.'
‘~ '03 '53 "E <92 “0‘1 2 > “ $3 h > '" '5 " ‘1’ 12.2 < 2 7
£— 0 E 0 0 a 4] 9 2 m 2 Q 2 a m 0 > 5 m 0
1 30.108 41 5 30.068 51 30.070 44 7 i41 5 37.2 51 46.5 347 41.; ENE ENE ENE 440 5 9 4
2 29.902 37.5 29.838 45 29.798 43 437.5 36.2 45 43 43 40 I\ E NE N 545 10 10 10 3:45 A. M. 12 1.11. .92
3 29.730 43 29.760 46.2 29.796 39 43 40.5 46.2 44 39 37._r N ENE N 343 10 10 10 0h. 0111. A. M. ‘121’21‘1' .22
4 29-718 33-5 29-614 34-5 29-542 33-5 ‘03-5 32 3445 34 33-5 33-2 NNW N NW 9 1° 1° 10 Oh- om. A- M- 121"” '43 2'50
5 29.480 35 29.662 38 29.772 34.7 35 34 38 3 .2 34,7 34 NN\V NE NNE 3:0 10 8 10 0h. 0111. A. M. 12 P. M. .87
629.782 36.2 29.818 46.7 29.886 42.7 36.2 35.7 46.7 44 42,7 41.5 WNW NW VVN\V 215 9 8 10 3h 0m.A.1\1. 9:30A.M. .17
7 29.916 41 29.940 51.7 30.012 50.2 41 39 51- 48.5 50.2 45 W WNW WNW 202 ' 2 8 5 0‘)
8 30.048 44.2 30.050 60 30 082 55 44,2 38.5 60 54 55 48.2 VVNV/ \VNVV SSW 1:2 0 > I 0 \I
930.098 48.5 30.102 62.5 30.088 51.2 48.5 41-7 332.5 55.7 51.240 \VS‘V’V “TSW SSE CS 3 6 0 (N
10 30.132 45 30.148 56.2 30.090 47.2 45 42.5 56.2 52.7 47.2 44-2 NNE TE LE 77 2 7 0
11 29.960 45.7 29.776 47 29.668 45.7 45,7 41.7 47 44 45,7 41 IVE NNE N 329 10 10 10 9 A. M. 1211.11. 57
12 29.598 49.5 29.646 64 29.796 49.2 49,5 42 64 55.2 49,2 40 NW NNE NW 4:9 3 2 0 .,h. cm. A. M. 5A. M. 17
13 29.934 47.2 29.990 65 30.058 63 47.2 36-5 65 47.5 63 SI-F VVNXV NW WNW 310 0 I 5
14 30.070 56.5 30.000 72.2 29.984 68.7 515.5487 72.2 61 68.7 59-: WSW SE SW 155 7 5 8
13 30.020 65.5 30.094 71.2 30.260 46.5 65.5 57 71 263 46,5 42.2 NW ESE ENE 102 4 3 o
13 30.346 40 30.286 50 30.250 40 40 38 50 43 4o 36 ENE ESE ESE 483 8 8 10
17 30.074 40.5 29.904 43.5 29.800 44.7 240.5 39.5 43 543 44,7 44 ENE ENE NE 447 10 10 10 9A. 1.: 12111. .80
13 29.624 46 29.484 51 29.572 45.7 46 45.5 51 49_2 45,7 42.7 NE ENE SE 433 10 10 10 )h. 0m. A. M. 8:30 1*. M. .44
19 29.602 43 29.600 47.7 29.640 48 43 40 47.7 42.548 44 E NE SSE 2:9 7 8 IO
2) 29.626 44.7 29.624 55.5 29.690 52 44.7 42.5 55.5 50.5 52 48.5 WSW SE S 167 4 2 3
2: 29.722 45.2 29.736 56.5 29.778 51 45.2 43.7 56.5 51.751 49 SS\V SE SSW 118 6 8 6 7P.M. 10P.M. .01
22 29.936 45.2 29.960 57.2 30.024 53.2 45.2 41-2 57.2 49.5 53.2 47 NW NW S 135 2 4 8
23 30-046 5I 530-072 56-7 30-138 5I-5 51-546 56.7 49 51.5 47-2 W SE SE I40 7 4 0
2; 30.126 50 30.062 63 29.954 60 50 47 63 54.5 60 53.2 ESE SSE S 114 3 o o
23 29-876 52 30-034 49 30-182 51.7 52 49-5 49 43-5 51 7 42-7 N NNW NW 2‘92 9 7 0
2 130.238 46.7 30.174 64 30.146 60 46.7 3 -5 64 47 60 49.5 NW W WSW 2O7 0 4 0
2130.088 52.2 30.038 71.2 30.000 66 52.2 47 71.2 58 66 57.5 WSW WSW SW I9I 0 3 0
2329.920 63 29.870 79.2 29.950 64.7 63 57.7 79.2 71 64.7 60 WSW SW WSW 233 o .2 10 5:50 P. M. 12 P. M. .47
2) 30.036 48.5 30.004 4 30.006 51.7 48.5 42 48 43 51.7 46.2 N NNE N\V 226 9 10 3 .)h. 0m. A. M. 1:15 A. M. .04
3)‘30.012 =0.2 30.000 01.5 20.956 55.5 50 c 44 61.5 :4 :;,5 90 N SE SSKV 77 0 1 0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MAY, 1 870.

 

 

BAROMETER (Thermometer

THERMOMETER (Shade

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

attached). 1n open alr). WIND' CLOLDS' RAIN AM) SNO“'
7 A. M 2 P. M. 9 P. M. 7 A. M. 2 P. M. 9 P. M. 7 A. M 2 P. M. 9 P. M. .E 6‘52 2'
I _ _ _ >95 0 .21 Amount of Depth of
E J 8 F8 .3 . 8 F82: I 3.); S S S 7:.“ .3 BTime of E11216 0f Water. Snuw.
, >2: 1L 1.. >.: H *4 > *4 e '5 ~35 5; o m E <13 . , eginning. ‘11 ing.
E (42%” ES 515%” 2% g? .28 $1 ._; >2 .5 . u 8- 8 8 2% 8 g0 E 2 2 - Inches. Inches.
<1 .03 905.0: HO .03: 5‘0 1. ‘9 1. 0 E‘ 0 ..’:: .2 .t: 05.5.... <: 5.. 9.
Q 0 E 0 E 0 E Q g Q E Q B Q Q Q > A N o
1 29.904 52 29.9801682 30.130 58 52 47 68.2 57.2 58 48.5 W NW WNW 270 0 0 0
2 30.236 54.2 3o.266!65.5 30.248 59 54.2 43.7 65.5 48 59 48.7 WNW E SW 180 o o o
3 30.178 56.230.068463 29.882 60 56.2 43.7 63 52.5 60 51.7 WSW SW. S 156 3 7 10
429.662 58.2 29‘592179-5 29.778 67.2 58.2 51.579.5E69 67.260 WSW NW NW 106 7 o 7 1A. M. 3A. M. .06
5 29.976 51 29.9.42j57.5 29.884 52.2 51 45 57.5i52.5 52.2 49.5 E SSW SW 213 9 9 7
6 29.774 55 29.680'63.5 29.554 59.2 55 51.2 63.5 60 59.2 56.5 W SE SE 179 9 9 10 3:30 P. M. 12 P. M. .16
7 29.414 56.2 29.444 60 29.496 52.5 56.2 56 60 57.7 52.5 50 ENE ENE ENE 121 10 9 10 oh. om. A. M. 8 A. M. .08
8 29.548 50 29.558 54 29.600 52.5 50 49 54 53.5 52.5 52.2 NE ENE E 268 10 10 10
9 29.668 50 29.724 55 29.824 52.5 50 49.7 55 52.5 52.5 51.5 NE NE E 188 9 9 10 7:30 P. M. 9:15 P. M. .02
10 29.914 47 29.900 48.5 29.934 46.7 47 46.5 48.5 48 46.7 46 E ESE ENE 210 10 10 10 2:45 P. M. 71.1.. .46
11 29.878 46 ‘ 29.828 47.7 29.820 49.2 46 45.5 47.7 46.5 49.2 47.7 NE ENE NNE 224 9 10 ‘ 10 2:45A.M.11:15P.M. .34
12 29.832 49 29.848 64 29.856 60 49 47 64 57 60 54 WSW SW WSW 128 O 8 7
329.862 54 29.838 68.5 29.850 61 54 49.568.560 61 55.2 NW SW S 154 0 4 6
14 29.904 58 29.918 75.2 29.958 71.2 58 51.5 75.2 55.5 71.2 56.7 W NW NW 135 7 8 0
15 30.000 67 29.980 81.7 29.958 74.5 67 57 81.7 73 74.5 68.5 W SSW WSW 126 0 2 0
16 29.920 68.7 29.876 82.5 29.862 73.7 68.7 63.2 82.574 73.7 68 WNW WSW SSE I44 0 2 4
17 29.954 56 40.076 58.7 30.170 55.2 56 52 58.7 53 55.2 50.5 NE ENE NE 261 8 9 7
18 30.260 53 30.292 61 30.270 58.7 53 48.2 61 49 58.7 50.5 NE SSE SSE‘ 115 4 9 0
19 30.290 55 30.224 73 30.164 66.7 55 51.7 73 62.7 66.7 62.2 WSW SE SSW 162 o o 8
20 30.152 64 30.122 76.2 30.12267 64 61 76.269 67 62.7 S W SSE 126 10 5 6 5:15 A. M 9A. N. .26
21 30.128 61 30.044 72.2 29.950 65.2 61 59.5 72.2 64.7 65.2 62 NNE ENE N 88 8 5 10 5:30 P. M. 11 P. M. .10
22 30.112 55 30.166 63.7 30.196 63.5 55 51 63.752.563.558 N NNE SSE 229 7 3 o
23 30.164 55 30.078 66 30.058 65.2 55 51.5 66 60.5 65.2 58.7 NNW S SSW 80 9 9 10 ‘
24 29.906 62 29.870 74.7 29.848 69.2 62 58.5;74.7 67 69.2 65.5 WSW SW WNW 199 9 9 9 4:15 P. M. 8 P. M .04
25 29.836 66.2 29.832 76.529.882 68 66.2 63. 76.565 68 59.5 \VNW WSW N 110 7 5 3
26 29 914 58.7 29.930 69.5 29.940 61 58.752.569.558 561 56.2 NNW NE NE 152 2 5 4
2/ 29-926 54-2 29-934 57-5 29-914 56 54-2 149-4575 52 56 495 NE NE NE 3% 9 10 IO { 328:? 4'152’1"; i” f:
28 2 . o 53 2 .798 57.2 29.854 5 .7 53 49557.2 54.2 59.7 54.7 NNE NNE NNE 405 9 9 10 oh. om. A. M. 121'. M. .10
29 23.828 57 23.984 60.5 30.026453 57 53 i6o.5 56.2 59 56.7 NNE SE SE 144 9 9 9 oh. cm. A. M. 8 P. M. .18
30 30.138 58 30.186 63 3022059 58 56 !63 60 59 56.5 SE ESE ESE 55 10 9 5
31 30.288 57.5 3o.308.70.7 30.264i66.5 57.5 56 170.763 (6.5 61 ENE E SSE 92 9 7 2

 

 

WE

 

 

BAROMETER (Thermometer

THERMOMETER (Shade

JUNE, 1870.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

attached). in open a”). WIND. CLOUDS. RAIN AM) Snow.
7 A. M. 2 P. M. 9 P. M 7 A. M 2 P. M. 9 P. M. 7 A. M. 2 P. M. 9 P. M. .5 $36 2'
_ Q .
~ _ . _ _ , _ >25 0 0* T' f T' f . Arxnvc>11nt 0f DeSpth of
T5 “- h '0‘; I“ "0.; ." I; I: I: ,2‘“ .3" 1me 0 1me o ater. now.
. 8A: 4% 34: 33% 845,) 5% f3 8 8 o 3 E a: . . . Beginning. Ending. -
E 3'80 "g E 5'80 7‘: E 5'5 I: E ' «J +3 ' .J 8 8 4°) .375 8 5° 2 E 2 ‘ Inches. Inches.
<33 HO .8; “0 fim HO 3 ‘1’ 5 0 5‘ C” .‘t .2 J: 054:5. < a: a:
Q o E 0 E 0 E Q B Q B Q B Q Q Q :> n N o
1 30 198 63 30 138 70 30.059 66 63 59 70 61.5 66 61.7 \/ SW W 96 3 9 8
2 30 004 64 2 30 010 72.2 29 980 66 64.2 60.5 72.2 63 66 62 \V SE ESE 80 9 9 10
3 29.984 60 30.032 69 30.050 63 60 59 69 65.7 63 61.5 NE ENE NE 184 10 8 10 6 A. M. 9:30 A. M. .03
430.058 62.530 076 74.2 30 066 67.5 62.561.774.269 67.5 65.5 NE ENE E 190 9 4 10 .
5 30.026 61.5 30 000 71 29 982 68.7 61.5 61.5 71 68 68.7 65 NE E ESE 159 10 4 10 2:45 A. M. 5A. M. .01
6 29 974 65 29 984 79 30.008 72.5 65 63 79 70.5 72.5 67.2 ENE- ESE ESE 102 9 3 _ 9 8
w. . . : .M. .1
7 30 024 64.7 30 000 71 29.992 69.5 64.7 64 71 69.5 69.5 68 NNE NNW ENE 121 10 9 10 { 5:11:41 9 459A},- M_ .0:
8 29.984 69.5 30.004 81 2 30.004 76.5 69.5 67.7 81 2 70 76.5 69.7 N‘vV NW W 72 4 7 2
929 978 66 229 950 71.5 29.950 65.7 66.2 64.7 71.5 68.2 65.7 63.7 NE ENE ESE 118 8 4 10 C»)
10 29.910 57 5 29.884 60 29.918 58.7 57.5 56.5 60 59 58.7 57.7 ENE NE ENE 307 10 10 10 10:15 A. M. 12 P. M. 1.05 \I
11 29.892 56 29.870 63 29.924 60 56 55 5 63 62.5 60 59 ENE NE ESE 355 10 10 10 oh. om. A. M. 4:15 P. M. .20 C11
12 30 030 61 30.114 74 2 30.110 67.2 61 59.5 74.2 64 67.2 62.5 NNE WSW SE 128 10 3 2 0h. cm. A. M. 2:30 A. M. .02 ‘
1'3 30 070 67 30 046 72 30.016 68.2 67 65 72 69.2 68.2 64.7 SE SE SE 184 10 7 4 9 A. M. . 11:30 A. M. 03
14 30 006 68 229.972 78.7 29.964 73 68.266.5 78.7 71.573 68.5 SE SW SW 154 10 4 3
15 29 948 70 29.960 80.5 29 956 72.7 70 67 80.5 73.5 72.7 68.2 SW SE WSW 202 2 2 8 6:20 P. M. 9:30 P. M. .19
16 29.962 70 5 29.966 831 29.936 74.7 70.5 66 81 72.5 74.7 69.5 W S SW 126 5 8 9
oh.om.A.M 2:30 A. M. .09
17 29.934 68.5 29.962 73.7 29.996 76.5 68.5 65 73.7 68 76.5 70 WNW NNE NNE 99 4 10 3 { 12 M. 1 P. M '04
18 29.988 69.7 30.014 84.7 30.002 81.5 69.764.584.773 81.5 72.5 WNW W W 86 o 2 o
19 30.030 76-5 30.010 79.729 98077 70.5 66.5 79.7 70 77 68.5 NW ENE SE 113 0 2 3
20 29.914 73.7 29.878 87.5 29 818 78 73.7 68 87.5 75 78 70.5 SW SSW WSW 136 4 1 10 IO P. M. 12 P. M. .08
21 29.874 66 29.974 71.5 30 084 63.5 66 60 71.5 61 63.5 55 NW NW NW 271 2 3 2 0h. 0111. A. M. oh.3om. A.1\1. .01
22 30.174 59 530.164 73 730 164 73.2 59.5 51.2 73.7 61.5 73.2 62.5 WNW WNW W 228 3 2 o
2330 196 69.7 30.162 82.7 30.146 80.2 69.760.582.769 80.270 W WNW W 149 3 4 3
24 30 16074.2 30.15090 30.112 82.5 74.2 64.290 72.5 82.5 70 WNW WNW W 113 o 0 0
25 30.074 78 30.076 92.5 30.032 85 7 78 66.51925 72.5 85.7 73.5 W 'NW W 128 0 0 2
26 30.028 81.5 30.052 85 30.088 70.2 81.5 71.5 85 73 70.2 66.7 WNW N ENE 145 4 5 10
27 30.100 71 30.048 81.7 29.994 77.7 71 65 81.7 74 77.7 70.5 NE SSW SSE 179 10 1 4 5:45 P. M. :30 P. M. .93
28 29.932 76.2 29.900 90 29 868 84 76.2 71.5 90 76.5 84 77.7 WNW WNW ENE 105 3 3 5 5:15 1’. M. 6:30 P. M. .04
29 29.892 79.5 29.900 90 29.880 77.2 79.5 73 90 79 77.2372 N SSW SE 125 0 3 0
30 29.786 73.2 29.758 86.2 29.716 82 5 73 268 86.278.2 82.5i76.7 W SSE WSW 120 o 7 6

 

 

JULY, 1870.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BAROMETER (Thermometer THERMOMETER Shade . . . ~ .
attached). in open airg. WIND‘ CLOUDS“ RAIL AND SM)“.
7AM. 2PM 9P.M. 7A.M. 2P.M. 9P.M. 7A.M. 21.1w. 9P.M E836: _
8‘8 5 1:; Amount of'Depth of
"g .3 ' g '8 J . 3;; '85 . g g 5' (1:)? f3“ “3 Time _of Eng? of \Vater. Snow.
>4: 1..“ >..: F“ H“ .... ... ... Owwd . 1mm. 111110.
E $3.3” fig 8.99 :8 GE) 8"? .2 E H .' u . 1. g g g 2.1;) g 01) E 2 2 Beg n g 5 Inches. Inches.
<83” 50 .855 7'0 Em “"O 5 ‘1’ C‘ ‘0 Z‘ 0 .b A: .8 08.5.5 <<' n. o:
c. 0 E 0 E 0 E 0 B m B c: B Q Q a > .\ u o.
1 29-718 79 29 85° 63 29-948 67 79 73 63 60.5 67 62.2 WNW NE ENE ' 229 8 10 I 9' 1245121“. 3:30 P. M. .02
2 30 018 63.5 30.058 70 30.046 68.2 63 5 6o 5 7O 63 68.2 62 2 NE E ESE 143 8 9 10
3 29 994 63 29 970 60 30-008 63-7 63 5 60 57 63 7 59 NNE NE NE 161 10 4 8 7:15 A. M. 8:30 A. M. .24
4 30 008 61 30 050 75 30.036 67 61 59.5 75 67.5 67 61 2 NNE E ESE 66 10 4 2
530 010 67.7 30.026 75.5 30 04272 5 67.7 62 75 568 72.566 ESE S S 93 9 9 3
63o 046 73-230-04077~7 30-012 74-7 71266-577 773 774-770 5 SW SSE S I07 4 8 3
4:30 A. M. 9:15 A. M. .01
7 29 936 70.5 29.834 77.7 29 782 73 70.5 68.7 77 7 75 2 73 7o 7 SSE SE SSE 105 I0 8 10 3 1,. M. 5 P. M. .26
8 29 794 66.5 29.840 74.2 29.872 71 66.5 64.2 74 2 69 5 71 65 7 WNW SW SE 170 10 4 0 0h. 45m. A. M. 11 A. M. 1.00
930.020 64.2 30.088 76.2 30.164 76.5 64.256.776.265 76.5 67.2 NW W SW 151 o 3 0 ()0 .
10 30.178 70 30.162 81 30.136 76 70 64 81 68.7 76 67.5 WSW W SW 159 o 4 8 \I
11 30.114 72.5 30.112 85.5 30.014 76 72.566.5 85 574 276 71 WSW SE SSE 156 0 4 10 O\
12 29.924 75.2 29.912 85 29.872 73.5 75.2 71 85 76.7 73 5 70 WSW W W 216 4 3 10 { $3: I]? 21' 32)}; 11:; 3g
13 29.908 72 29.950 82.5 29.934 81 72 69 82.273 81 72.7 NW WNW SW 152 4 3 O
14 29.888 73.7 29.868 86 29.864 83.2 73.767.5 86 75 583.2 73 7 WSW WSW SW 172 o 2 3
15 29.976 73.5 30.022 81 30.042 77.7 73.5 63.7 81 67 577.768 7 NW WSW SSE 122 3 7 8
16 30.066 72.5 30.070 87 30.034 85 72.5 68.2 87 77 7 85 77 NNE SSE SW 129 3 7 8 4:30 P. M. 6 P. M. .06
17 29.986 81.5 29.964 93 29.946 85.5 81.5 77 93 83 7 85.5 78 WSW WNW WNW 170 4 2 0
18 29.962 78 29.926 91 29.928 82.7 78 69.5 91 80 82.7 75 5 NW W SE 108 0 0 9
19 29.938 78,2 29.982 8 30.028 79 78.2 73 88 74 2 79 72 NNE ENE E 98 9 8 3
20 30.088 70,2 30.062 78 30.044 79 70.2 65 5 78 71 7 79 73 NE ENE SE 199 8 7 9
21 29 962 75.5 30.014 86.5 30.044 81 75.5 71 7 86 5 70 81 68 2 S NW NW 143 4 3 o 4:45 A. M. 7:15 A. M. .40
2230 128 73.7 30.158 82 30.130 75.5 73.7 64 282 71 575.570 N E ESE 139 o o 2
2330 144 74.7 30.140 89 30.116 83.7 74.770 789 78 83.776 2 W SW 94 0 2 4
24 30.140 78 30.076 89.5 30.024 83 78 75 89.5 76.5 83 75 5 WSW S .a »\7 SW 216 8 4 7
25 30.050 78 30.048 90 30.054 87 78 70.5 90 79 5 87 78 'VVNW WNW W 230 2 2 5
26 30.050 78.5 30.062 89.2 29.978 84 78.570 89.2 75.2 84 75 WNW W ' ‘W 155 1 7 8
27 29.944 78.7 29.996 72 30.024 70.5 78.7 71.5 72 71 70 566 WNW ENE ESE 196 7 9 9 h
0 .15m. AM. 3:30 A. M. 1.01
28 29 994 68,7 29 98079.7 29.924 78.5 68.768.279.773 778 574 NE SE ESE 135 9 8 8 { 10:15 P.M. “:45 RM. .54
29 29.826 75 29.834 83.5 29.900 79 75 71 83.5 71.5 79 68.7 WSW W W 179 5 3 2
30 29.986 67.5 30.042 75.5 30.090 73.2 67.561.575.566 73 265 WNW WNW WNW 203 3 4 0
- 31 30.164 69 3o.130;80.5 30.066 77 69 62 80.5 66.2 77 65 WNW W ‘WSW 129 2 o 3

 

 

 

AUGUST, 1870.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BAROMETER (Thermometer THERMOMETER (Shade WIND CLOUDS. RAIN AND Sxow.
attached). in open air). ' ’
c: 1%- . .4
A. Iv . P. M. P. M A. M. 2 P. M. P. M. A. M 2 P. M. P. M. .2 o: _
7 I 2 9 7 9 7 9 5‘ 2% :: Amount of Depth of
":5 . s: '0 . 1: '0 - :1 d c: d 3:99 . N Time of Time of \Vater. Snow.
2 E .L 8 2.25 .1 8 :3 1 8 .9 9. .3 o 8 £3} . , , Beginning. Ending.
N. ’59.” a O $.99 .32 5-930 £445) . . . , . 5 8 0 3:: ('3‘ b0 2 E 2 Inches. ,Inches.
:Evfiggveo 35$ E10 5 is a 3 g 3 .8 2 .8 0:355 <' c: 5'
905150350 5020:3020 0 0> mac»
1 0.0 6 1 0.02 82. 2 . 80 . 1 6 82.56 .2 .56 .5 W SW \VSVV 148 2 0 0
229.9g6g1.729.92885.§2335682.: $1.7 6;, 785.5 72.78357?) W \V NW I7I 0 4 0
329.986 72 29.992 84.5 29.936 78.7 72 62 84.575.578.774 NE SE SE 140 2 8 3
4 29.908 76.2 29.810 80.5 29.824 72 76.2 73.2,80.5 7 .7 72 70.5 S SE WN\V 156 9 9 4 2330 P. M- 4330 P- M- -36
529.856 67.7 29.852 83 29.876 80.5 67.7 60.283 69.580.570.2 WNW WSW SW 136 0 O 0
629.916 76.5 29.968 87.7 29.978 81.2 76.5 69.5f87.7 73 81.272 NW SSE SE I30 0 0 0
730.050 78.5 30.110 87.2 30.122 79.7 78.5 69.5 87.2 71.7 79.7 71.5 W SE SSE 108 0 3 0
8 30.170 77.5 30.152 84.5 30.164 79 77.5 72 84.5 73 79 74 SS\V SSE SSE I61 8 4 0
9130-072 76 30-I24 85-5 30-120 80 76 73 85-5 76-2 80 74-5 SbW SE SSW I99 9 2 8 ”5 AM 9.1.11. .16
10 30.116 75.2 30.120 84.5 30.122 74.7 75.2 73 5 84.5 76.2 74.7 73 WSW SSE NNW I60 3 9 9 10 { 523031”. 9 30 P_ M. .09
' 2:45 A.M 8A. M. .29
11 30.134 75.2!30 144 81 30 158 74.7 75.2 72.5481 75.7 74.7 72 WSW SSE SSW 56 10 10 IO { 213011“. 10:15 P. M. .87
12 30.110 75 t30 070 85 3o 076|77 5 75 72 ’85 75 77.5 72 SW WSW W 125 8 3 8 9A M 11 A. M. .02
13 30.068 75.2 30 030 82 29.9604722 75.2 71.2 82 74.2 72.2 70.5 WSW SSE SW 91 9 5 IO { 6:45 P. M_ 11 P_ M .70
1 2 . 266 2 . 066. 0.0186 .2 60 66.7 61.54672 62.2 N NW W 169 10 8 o 4A.M. 11:30A. M. .30
1:32.326 65.2 36.324 75.930.0367; 5 65.2 :3 75.5 61.51753", 65.5 WNW , N NNW 99 0 3 3 2
1629.982 70.2 29.950 79.2 29.920l74 70.263 79.2 64.574 65.5 W SW S 60 0 4 3
17 29.896 68 29.912 79 29.884k74 68 61.5 79 68 74 67 W SSE SSW 144 0 5 0
1829.932 69 30.008 84 30.024‘792 69 66 i84 72 79.2 71.5 W SW WSW 187 0 O 0
19 30.074 73.5 30.062 86 30 0164785 73.569.2186 73 78.570.5 W SW S 139 0 2 0
2029.982 76 30 000 86 30 07472.7 76 70.286 74.7472.7 63 SW NW NNW 179 7 6 o
21 30.150 66 30.168 76 3o.182!71 66 57 76 65 ‘71 63 N E NE 251 5 4 3
22 30.200 65.5 30.196 75.5 30.190’71 5 65.5 59.5 75.5 64 71.564 NW N NNE 90 0 3 o
23 30.132 63.5 30.072 75 30.05673 63.5 59.5 75 63.5 73 66 NW NNW SSE 74 7 9 10
2430.012 68.5 29.984 74 29.964‘71 2 68.563.274 68.7;71.2 69.5 W ESE E 90 10 9 10 10:15A.M. 12M. .01
25 29.964 72 29.926 86.7 29.888483 7 72 70 86.7 78 83.7 77 SSW S SV 102 10 0 10 10:30 P. M. 12 P. M. .24
26 30.032 66 30.128 75 30.234§65 6.6 56 75 5 .5.65 54.2 NW NW N 241 2 3 2 2:15 A.M. 3:30 A. M. .03
27 30.346 60.7 30.340 70 30.296;68.5 60.7 51.2 70 54.5685 59.5 NNE ENE SSW 196 o 0 2
28 30.228 62 30.158 71 30.090171.7 62 58.571 63.71714 66.7 W SW SW 81 8 9 3
29 30.004 69.2 29.918 80.7 29.854g80 69.2 65.7180.7 74.7?80 74 SW SW SS\V 175 10 8 7
30 29.916 71 29.960 77.5 29.988472 71 63 77.5 64 72 63.5 NYV WNW XV; 195 8 5 0
31 30.030 65 .30'05°_77T15139;O§4_723'_2-.§5 62577.5 64 73.2 63.3: \VNVV S\VV S 5 75 8 . 8 7

 

 

 

 

 

[12‘

SEPTEMBER, 1870.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BAROMETER (Thermometer \ THERMOMETER (Shade in WIND. CLOUDS. RAIN AND SNow.
attached). open 311).
7 A. M 2 P. M. 9 P. M. ‘ 7 A. M. 2 P. M. 9 P. M. 7 A M. 2 P M 9 P. M. .5 gm; 2:
. 5. ,5 5 a; Amount of Depth of
1: , 1: '0 , 1; :5 , 3.3 g ,5 g :63. N , Time of Time of Water. Snow.
‘35 5% 25 L g 3:5 3‘ g g .g g 0 m {fig _ Beginning. Ending.

3- 350 i5 535%“ :35 3.0930 3% >‘ ... >2 .2 >‘ .0 8 8 8 35352,; 2 2 2 Inches. Inches.
Nflm‘o—C’Zflflgflmr‘oi 1. g 1. 0” 2 .53 b J: 3: 0E;.,. .2 9.: ~_
0 0 E 0 0 a 0 2 0 a 0 p 0 0 0 > .\ N 0

130.044 66.2 30.058 81.5 30 03672 5 366.2 60 581.5 66 572 564 W 'SSW SSE 60 0 4 2

230.016 67.2 29.992 80.5 29.972 72.7 67.2 65 80.5 69.5 72 768 2 SSW S 98 8 3 8

3 29.872 57-5 29-724 79 29-724 74 L67-5 (33-7 79 70.5 74 70 NNE ENE WNW 155 3 9 7

4 29.722 70 29.760 74,7 29.858 64.7 :,70 07 74.7 65.5 64 7 61 WNW WNW WNW 152 0 2 7 ,

5 29.976 62 30.042 71.7 30.132 65 62 57 71.7 59.5 65 57 7 WNW WNW WNW 192 2 7 0

630.19160.530.18473.230.23066.7 60.5 53.5 73.2 60.5 66.7 59 NW NW NW 151 2 2 0

730.272 61.5 30.258 75.2 30.284 71.7 61.5 55.7 75.2 61 71.7 62 7 NW NW SSW 101 0 3 5 00
830.338 60.7 30.416 69.5 30.400 63 60.753.269.561 63 57 7 NE ESE ESE 154 2 8 9 \1
9 30.346 62 30.262 68.2 30.174 64 62 56.5 68.2 61 64 59 2 ENE SSW SSW 173 9 9 3 OO
10 30.044 60.5 30.000 72 30.060 65.2 60.5 57 72 66 65.2 58 SW NNW NW 155 8 9 0

11 30.150 55 30.152 67.7 30.204 61 55 47.567.751.761 51 N N NNW 254 0 2 o

12 30.280 52 30.284 68 30.322 66 52 47 68 52.7 66 57 5 NNW NW SSW 121 o 0 0
13 30.360 57 30.348 75 30.328 67.7 57 53.7 75 62.5 67 7 61 W SE SW 77 0 0 o
14 30.314 58 30.290 77 .730.256 69 58 54.2 77.7 61 5 69 61.5 WSW WSW SSW 100 o 0 0
15 30.202 61.2 30.154 75.7 30.128 69.2 61.2 58.5 75.7 68 69 265 W SSE SSW 141 0 3 0
16 30.100 68.5 30.120 78.2 30.144 68 68.5 64.7 78.2 63 68 65 WSW SE E 140 3 8 7
17 30.160 64.7 30.102 64.5 30.038 63 64.7 63.2 64 5 63 2 63 61,5 NE NE NNE 263 10 9 10 1 A. M. 12 P. M. .89
18 29.938 64 29.924 74.7 30.014 66.5 64 61 74.7 65 66.5 56 NNW N N 338 9 6 4“ 11.0111. A. M. 2:15 A. M. :04
19 30.142 60 30.216 68 30.224 63.2 60 50 68 54.2 63.2 57.7 N N SSW 269 0 o o
20 30.254 56.7 30.292 71.7 30.326 66.7 56.7 51.2 71.7 56 66.7 58.5 W N N 103 0 0 0
21 30.406 58.2 30.418 69.5 30.384 62 58.2 53.7 69.5 58.7 62 56.5 N NE ESE 94 o , 0 0 S
22 30.344 53 30.316 71 30.356 65.2 53 52 71 60 65.2 60 ESE WNW SSW 81 2 o 0 '
23 30.150 58.5 30.094 76.7 30.058 70.5 58.55 276 763.7 70 563 WSW SSW SW 145 3 5 4
24 30.018 65.5 30.016 83.5 30.004 76 65.5 60 83 5 68 76 66.2 WSW W SW 169 5 3 4 ~
25 ~p.008 67.5 30.006 84 30.064 73.2 167.5 63 84 66.5 73 2 64.5 WSW WSW N 192 6 7 5
26 30.152 64.5 40.176 72 30.170 69 64.3 ~9 772 60.569 62.5 N NNE S 168 3 7 4
27 30 140 63.2 30.092 75 50.088 71.2 63.2 59.5 75 66 71.2 64.5 W SW WNW 92 3 7 7
28 30.118 63 30.136 76.2 30.146 68.5 63 60 76.2 65 68.5 64. NNW SSE SSE 95 3 6 6
29 30 170 64 30.192 71.2 30.168 64 64 62 71.2 66 64 62.2 SSE SE ENE 93 9 9 7
30 30.130 03 29.968 65.7 29.848 70 *3 61 65.7 65 70 68 ENE ENE SE 324 9 1o 10 6:30 A. M. 121.11. 1.63 7 '

 

   

OCTOBER, 1870.

 

\o cox! (301.80.: to H [De/cc.

13411105er1131: (Thermometer

THERMOMETER (Shade in

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

attached). open air). ’ WIND“
7 A. M 2 P. M. 9 P. M. 7 A. M. 2 P. M. 9 P. M. 7 A. M. 2 P. M. 9 P. M. 5 £45 2'
>54 5 p;
"8 .5 I 35 '3 +3 , ET; '8 1.: 5' g: g g .599 . N
L4 4.. ,1: H u ' ”.4 ”-4 ”a . 43
55.25 5.20445 $78331» . . s 5 23 0.33830
W a; _‘ m G) . m q) r: E 4—3 11' .44 >4 vo-I 0 0 Q) '—“"‘ 0 Ca
.054 ~ 0 .03: 7‘0 mm E-‘o E‘ .3 C .0 s. y .5 .2 .i: 95.2...
0“ E 0 E 0 5 4:: >- 0 a 0 s 0 0 0 >
29 818 67 5 29.856 76 29 994 65 67.5 64 76 66.2 65 59.5 W WNW NW 183
30 11 62 30.088 64. 5 30 056 61.2 62 64.5 59.5 61.2 57.7 ENE ENE ENE 288
29.828 01 29.722 60. 5 29 754 59.5 61 60 60.5 59 59.5 58 NE ENE WNW 366
29.784 61.7 29.800 70.529 87463.5 61.7 59 70.5 60 63.558 WSW W W 108
29.950 56 30.006 68 30.080 60.5 56 52 68 59 60.5 56 WNW NNE NNE 116
30.192 54.7 30 252 57. 7 30.318 53.2 54.7 52 57.7 52 53.2 48 NNE NE NNE 232
30.306 48.5 30 284 55 30.260 54.2 48.5 44 55 46 5 54.2 46 NNE NNE N 359
30.228 50.2 30 242 63 30.224 57.7 50 2 45.2 53 51 57.7 49 NNW N NNW 218
30.220 50 30.194 65.7 30.184 60.5 50 46.5 65.7 56.2 60.5 58 NW WSW SW 109
30.184 50 30.162 68. 5 30.100 62 5o 48 68.5 58.5 62 57.7 NW S S 75
30.014 53.729 952 64.7 29.886 64 53.7 51.7 64.7 62 64 62.2 WNW S SSE 118
29.712 65.529 63870 29.704 65.7 65.5 64.5 70 65.7 65.7 62 S SSE SW 188
29.738 57.529 722 62.5 29.846 54 57.552 62.5 52.2 54 47.7 W W W 3 112
29.934 50 29.978 61.5 30.064 58 50 46.5 61.5 50 58 51 WSW WNW SW 194
30.142 51 30. 166 65.5 30.276 60 51 47 65.5 5 60 54 W SW WSW 86
30.332 53.5 30.336 71 30.342 63 53.5 50 71 61 2 63 58 W SSE SSW 95
30.292 55 30.230 68 30.124 63.5 55 53.7 68 60 63.5 59.7 WSW SW S 166
29.812 63 29.864 59 30.020 48.2 63 60.5 59 47 5 48.2 41 SW WNW NW 269
30-064 4I-5 30-000 54 29-948 53 4I 5 37 54 44 7 53' 47.5 WNW S S 247
29.608 61 29.420 62.2 29.502 51.2 61 60 62 2 60 51.2 48.5 SE WNW WNW 197
29-784 47-2 29-844 55 29-928 50.5 47 2 43.2 55 49 50-5 45-7 WNW SW W I37
30.086 46.5 30.168 60 30.308 54 46 5 43 6o 49 2 54 47 WSW WSW V. S‘V 152
30.522 46 30 558 58.5 30.564 55.5 46 41.5 58.5 49 5 55.5 50.7 WNW NNW SSW 130
30.542 50 30.486 62 30.400 57 50 46.7 62 56 2 57 52 SSW SSE SSW 69
30.250 50.7 30.100 67 30.054 63.5 50 7 50.2 67 59 63.5 57.7 SW SW WSW 242
30.108 53 30.230 50.7 30.358 41.5 53 50 50.7 43 41.5 34.2 N NNE NNE 25
30.378 33.2 30.242 48 30.004 53 33 2 29 48 44 7 53 50 NNE SE SSW 226
29.938 53.2 29.944 58.5 29.998 50 53 2 50 58.5 47 5 50 42.7 WNW NW WNW 312
29.982 45.7 30 034 51.5 30.194 41.7 45 7 40.2 51.5 43 41.7 37.2 W NW WNW 273
30.256 36 30.188 50 30,000 47.7 36 33 50 40 5 47.7 42 NW SE SE 197
29-592 57 29-694 5&29-818 48-7 57 52 2 54-5 43 5 48-7 40 W WNW W 358

 

 

 

 

 

 

CLOUDS. RAIN AND SNOW.
Amount of Depth of
Time of Time of Water. Snow.
_ Beginning. Ending.
2 2' 2' Inches. Inches.
5 a: .22
l\ (‘1 Q
7 7 5 0h. om. A. M. 2'3OA M .02
8 7 9
10 9 9 0h. om. A. M. 1:30 P. M. .81
9 3 0
o 7 S
8
g 6 8 1).)
0 o 0 ~ .1
3 5 0 <0
0 o o
0 10 10 2 P. M. 12 P. M. .30
10 8 3 0h. om. A. M. I 15 P M 1.91
8 3 4 9:30 A. M. 10 30A M .01
0 o o '
2 o 0
o- 3 o
5 7 6
9 5 3
0 9 10
10 9 9 6 30A M 8:30 P. 1.1. .93
8 8 o
0 3 o
o 0 o
o 3 o
9 9 °
9 2 o 3:30 A. M. 7:15 A. M. .12
7 1o 10 1 P. M. 12 P. M. .06
2 4 3 oh. om. A. M. 1:30 A. M. .02 ‘
0 3 0
’ 2 5 o
8 3 2

 

 

H

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NOVEMBER, 1870.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BAROMETER (8‘801m0meter THERAIONIETER :‘éShade W'IND. CLOUDS. RAD: AND SNOW.
21112011011). 1n Open cur).
7 A. 1.1 211.11. 9 P. M 7 A. M. 2 P. M. 9 11.1.1. 7 A. M 2 1‘. M. 9 P. M. E 3.5 2'
7:: ‘ . . >13): 5 P5 3 Amount of Depth of
2‘3 2' “C5 _; | 33 "J ._5 . 33 C G = .t “3 Time of Time of Water. mow.
. 32:: g % 8—”: Q5 1;; 8'50 33 E E '8 .8 U ‘1’} ‘12 d - -. . fieginning. Ending.
“1 8.2” 2: F 33.9.” L. E 33" .1: E - «u . " 0 0 O": “b” E 2 E II‘CLC“ 7 I" ‘
£25an 2021—40 W” 1-1:: 2 13 >» a) w *0 :3 8 2 "5°: - ,- - “WC”-
...m 5 .43 E .03: E h L. 1... > H ”4 .4 ‘9 I‘C-H <1 .4 L.
Q 0 E 0 0 Q B Q B Q 2 Q Q Q > n .. o
1 29.988 43.5 30.018 55 30.040 50.2 43.5 38.5 55 49 50.2 44 2 WSW WSW WSW 286 3 0 0 i
230.018 48.5 29.948 62 29.890 57.7 48.5 45.5 62 54.7 57.7 53 SW SSE 151 5 6 8 1:30 A.M. 21’. M. .36
3 29.686 59.5 29.644 57 29.892 47.7 59.5 57.5 57 50.2 47.7 41 2 SSE NW WNW' 182 10 5 o
4 30.022 41 30.066 57.2 30.068 51.5 41 36 57.2 46.7 51.5 45 5 WNW NW W 379 0 0 4
5 30.010 49 30.072 52.5 30.176 49.7 49 45 52.5 49 49.7 44 7 WSW NW \VNVV 200 9 10 0 2 P. M. 4 P. M. .01
630.336 38.2 30.328 47.7 30.312 48 38.234 47.7 43.2 48 43 7 NNE ENE NE 186 0 2 8 ‘
7 30.214 44.2 30. 196 53 30.262 42 44.2 40 53 45 42 37 5 WNW NW NNE 104 9 3 0
8 30.218 37.5 30.120 57 30.020 54 37.5 34.2 57. 49.7 54 37.2 ENE SSE S I55 2 4 5
929.870 55.2 29.718 66.5 29.830 48.2 55.2 34.2 66.5 59 48.243 SSE SE WNW 170 9 4 3 4P.M. 81’. M. .26 Cu)
1:) 30.020 41 30.132 44.5 30.152 39 41 35 44.5 36 39 32.5 WNW NW NW 192 5 3 0 OC
11 30.096 35 29.968 51.2 29.898 45 35 29 51.2 43.7 45 37.7 NW WN\V W 398 0 5 2 O
12 29-752 43229-700577 29-730 47-5 43-234-7 57-749 47541 2 NW NW WNW 227 7 5 0
13 29.736 42.5 29.736 53.5 29.808 44.5 42.539 53.550 44.542 WNW NW N\V 364 0 3 0 ‘
1129.730 43-529-526 53 29-526 50 43-539-5 53 46 so 457 W ESE WNW 176 7 9 8
15 29.688 40 29.700 44,5 29.730 39.2 40 35 44.538 39.233 NW NNVV NNVV 230 9 6 0
16 29.806 32 29.946 47.2 30.084 41.5 32 29 47 2 37 2 41.5 36.5 NW WNW W 126 0 0 o
17 30.17438 30.156 45 30.148 40.5 38 34.2 45 36 7 40 5 3 W' WSW SW . 121 o 4 3
18 30.012‘40 29.900 42.5 29.850 38 40 36.7 42.5 39 5 38 37 WSW W N\V 121 9 10 7
19 29.850 29 29.800 31 29.896 33.2 29 28 7 31 28 5 3 2 31 W WNXV \V 287 8 9 1o
20 30.030130 30.017 43 30.043 42.2 30 29 43 35 42 2 34.5 WSW WSW SW 270 7 5 10
21 30.032:40.5 30.044 50 30.208 43.5 40.5 37 7 50 38.7 43 5 36 SW W N\V 236 9 9 10 .
22 30.250362 30.070 38 29.670 43.5 36.2 31.7 38 36.2 43.5 42 NNE ENE ENE 253 10 1o 10 3 A.M. 12 P. M. 1.39
23 29.597l45 29.652 46.2 29.77040 45 42.546.241.240 36.5 SW . W W 538 5 8 9 0h. 0111. A. M. 1:30 A.M. L
24 29.874!36.5 29.950 42.5 30.042 38.5 46.531 742.5 36.2 38.5 34.2 WNW WNW WSW 305 7 5 3
25 30.06637 29.960 45.5 29.750 41.7 37 3 45-5 40 41738.2 WSW WSW NW 191 0 4 10 10 P.M. 12 P.M.' .15
26 29.510 39,529,638 48,5 29.746 404 39 538 748.5 42 40 739 .W W WSW 202 10 0 3 0h. 0111.11.11. 1:30A. M. 6
27 29.74041 29.788 60 ‘ 29.958 52.7 41 36~7 60 49 52 7 45 5 VV SW W W 266 8 2 0
28 30.134 44.5 30.150 59 30.108 50 44-5 40 59 48 50 43.7 NW SW SSE 145 o 0 o
29 30.028 49 29.944 61 7 30.058 47 49 43-5 61-7 53-7 47 427 SW SW NN\V . 7O 3 3 10
30 30.248143.2 30.278 43.230.308 38.5 43.2 37.5 43.2 36.5 38.5 34.5 NW . SE W'N\V 192 4 5 o 1

 

 

   

DECEl‘leER, 1870.

 

 

\0 com own->0: m H [Date.

11111031121111? ('I‘hermomcter

'l'HEKMoAIETEI:

.Shade in

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

attached). open air). WIND“ (“LOLDS' RAIN AM) SBOW'
7 A. M. 2 P. M. 9 P. M. 7 A. M. 2 P. M. 9 P. M. 7 A. M. 2 P. M. 9 P. M. _E g6 E- 8
— ' >1 1.. 8 ;..‘ Amount of Depth of
'0 . 1; '0 . 1; ~13 , 4; 5' :' d :12 N Time 'of '1:1m9 of Water. Snow.
“533 L 3 “£35 1‘. 3 BE 9‘ g .9 .9 .9 o m 27;; _ Beglnnlng. Lndmg.
33.2.” 4;” 8 33.9.” f; E 33.933 31:) 0 , . . , , 8 1'3 ‘5 072 E w 2 ;: 2' Inches. Inches.
33 ;—.o 35 50 35 4.5 2 s a» 33 :2 :6 .8 .8 .8 35.8.5 3 A. a
0 E 0 E 0 a .2 3 1:. 5 Q 5 9 0 9 > 5 m 9
30.164 34 30 018 48 5 29 898 42.7 334 31.5 48.5 41 42.7 38.2 WSW WSW S\V 165 0 3 0
29.648 40.7 29 616 53.7 29.660 46 140 7 36.5 53.7 42 5 46 39 W WNW W’ 250 5 4 8
29-848 43 29 910 46.7 29-942 46 43 35.2 46-7 36.7 46 40 WNW NW WNW 279 9 5 8
29.848 42. 2 29 664 54.7 29.776 51 42.2 38.7 54.7 46.7 51 44.2 SW WSW VYSVV 171 0 0 0
29-872 45 29 75433-229544 47-7 45 39-2 53-2 47.5 47-7 46 WNW ESE NNE 132 4 5 9
29.508 49. 2 29 566 47. 2 29.778 41 49.2 45.5 47.2 41 41 37 WSW VVI\ W N W 230 8 8 6
29-954 38 29 872 +5 29.752 42 38 33.2 45 3 5 42 40.2 W SE SE 260 4 3 10 9 P. M. 11 P. M. .09 x
29.614 40 29 600 45 29.752 38 40 37.2 45 39 38 34 “7 WNW WNW 163 4 4 0 L60
29.954 36.7 30.030 41. 7 30.100 35 36.7 33 41.; 56.5 35 31.7 WNW NW NW 393 0 1 0 1—1
30.146 31.2 30 116 41 30.184 32 31.2 28.: 41 34.2 32 29 WNW NW NNW 233 0 0 0
30-256 27-5 30.262 35. 2 30.250 37 27.5 27 35.2 33.5 37 36 NNW NNE NNE 231 9 8 1o 9 P. M. 12 P. M. .06
30.050 44.7 29 862 46 29.854 47.5 44.7 44.: .46 46 47.5 47 E ENE NE 314 10 10 8 1h. 0111. A. M. 7 P. M. 1.11
29.900 43.5 29.886 48. 529.868 45.2 43.5 41.; 48.L 42 45.2 40.5 WNW WNW W 170 7 8 6
29.748 41.2 29 684 44 29.738 39.2 41.2 37 744 36.5 39.2 32.7 VVEWV WSW W 139 8 7 8
29.778 3 .7 29 804 33 29.830 29 35.7 34 33 31.7 29 28.5 VV'NW WNW WNW 349 8 5 8
29.908 23.7 29 938 31 30,000 29.5 23.7 23.7 31 30.7 29.5 29.2 WNW \VNW NW 429 7 6 1
29.962 26 29 856 32 29.822 31.2 26 25.5 32 31.7 31.2 31 WNW WNW WSW 292 8 8 8
29.716 30,2 29.752 37.729.902 30.5 30.230 37.; 36.5 30.5 30 WSW WNW NW 278 7 6 0
30.008 28.5 29 982 38 29.828 41 .5 28.5 28.5 38 37.5 41.5 37 WNW WSW S 205 8 7 10 9:30 P. M. 12 P. M. .31
29.412 41,5 29.552 43. 5 29.638 39 41.5 40.2 43.: 37 39 33.5 W W'NW W 211 8 6 )0 181.0111. A. M. 8A.M. .46
29.748 33.7 29.832 32 30.042 24.7 33.7 26.2 32 27 24.7 19 W \VNW WNW 300 o 4 6
30.133 17.2 30.136 24 30.098 22.7 17.2 17.224 23.7 22.7 22.7 W \VNW WNW 260 7 6 8
29-936 17 29-310 21 29.838 20 17 17 21 20.7 20 20 NNE N NW 184 10 8 7
29.880 15 29.968 20 5 30,056 16 15 15 20,5 20 16 16 NW NW \VNW 347' 0 4 0
30.230 18 30 326 23 5 30.306 24.5 18 17,; 23.5 23 24.5 24.2 WNW NW NW 339 8 0 0
30.156 24,5 30 068 29 530,154 29.5 24.5242 29.5 29,2 29.5 29 SSW WSW ~\V 220 10 8 5
30.23019,230 136 28 30.034 27.5 19,2 18,7 28 27.5 27.5 27.2 W \VSW SW 255 7 8 10
29.870 29. 5 29 708 20 5 29.588 21 29.5 29,2 20,5 20 21 19.7 WSW NW N- 167 10 10 10 9 A. M. 10 P M. .10 2.00
29.458 19 29 526 21 5 29.754 12 19 18.3E 21.5 20.7 12 12 NNW NNW NW 341 10 10 10
29. 66 9.5 29 896 21 29.758 27 9.5 9.5 21 20.7 27 26.7 WNW ESE SSW 206 9 8 1o 7 P. M. 10:30 P. M. .05 1.00
29.678 30.7 29.668 39 29.774 367 30.7 30 39 .38 36.7 35.71 SW W W 247 2 0 0

 

 

 

 

 

REPORT

OF THE

fiRCHITECT—IN—fiI—IIEF.’

 

 

 

 

REPORT OF THE ARCHITECT—IN-CHIEF.

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS, No. 265 Broadway,
BUREAU OF ARCHITECT—IN—CHIEF,
Thursday, April 20, 1871.

Hon. PETER B. SWEENY,

Presz'dmz‘ of Me D€partmmt of Pub/2'6 Parks .'

SIRz—In conformity with instructions received from the Vice-
'President on the 4th ult., I have the honor to submit the
following Report of the proceedings and transactions of this _
Bureau, both during the period between the incoming of the
present Commission to office on the 21st day of April, 1870, ,
to that of the regular organization of the Department; and
also, for the period subsequent to the aforesaid organization of

the Department on the 19th day of May, 1870.

I shall proceed to divide the various kinds of work that
have been performed by this Bureau into four separate classes,

as follows 2

Class A.—Structures that have been executed, or are in
progress of execution, within the limits proper of the Central

Park.

Class B.—Structures or subsidiary designs that have been

25

386

executed, or are in progress cf execution, in the various Public

Parks and Places, Other than the Central Park.

Class C.——Structuresv'which have been designed in accord-
ance with instructions received either from the Vice—President
or the Executive Committee, which have been ordered to be
executed, and for which the Working Plans, Details, and Spe—
cifications are in preparation, and the contracts not as yet

awarded

Class D.——Structures of which, as yet, only the Preliminary
Studies of the designs have been submitted to the Vice—Pre—

sident or the Executive Committee.

Class A.——Undcr this head may be comprised the follow—

. . g \ l v -
mg items, name-) .

No. I. T/ze Terraee Brz'age, continuation of certain works in

connection therewith.

No. 2. T/ze Large Sz‘aé/e, and S/zea’s in connection therewith,

on Transverse Road No. 3.
NO. 3. T/ze Dairy.
No. 4. T/ze Be/vea’ere, and its connecting parts.

No. 5,. T/ze Temporary ffaases‘ for Carrier/era, north and SOuth'
of the Museum (Old Arsenal) building.

No. 6. T/ze Veranda/as, for sundry animals, east of the Mu-

seum building, on the Fifth avenue line.
No. 7. lee Bz'ra’ [James in connection therewith.
No. 8. T/ze Large Menagerie Bar/drag west of Museum.

No. 9. T/ze Elep/zam‘ House in same locality.

387
No. 10. leo 'Slioopfold and Earn.

No.11 T/zo Consort/army at Seventy—fourth street, on an

amended and enlarged plan.
No. 12. leo Palwozoio [Museum (discontinued).

No. 13. Tlio Keeper’s Dwelling, adjacent and belonging to

Stable Buildings on Transverse Road No. 3.

No. 14. Alteration of Mo Bridle Post: at entrances to Bridle
Roads.

No. 15. O/nom or Slioltor for Rassongors in waiting to take
the Park carriages, at Fifth and Eighth avenue entrances on

Fifty—ninth, street.
No. 16. Museum Building. Oj‘ioos of Ad/niniktnation.
No. 17. Museum Building. Floral Gallery on Prinoioal Floon.

No. 18. Museum Building. Temporary accommodation for

[Museum of [Vrzturol flistory.
No. 19. Museum Building. [Motoorological Dopartznc’nt,
.No. 20. [Ladies’ Cottage, adjacent thereto.
No. 21. [Mount St. Vincent, alterations, vault for plans.
No. 22. [Mount St. Vincent, staircases.

I will now pass on to the next, Class B.—-—Under this head

may be comprised the following items, namely:
N6. 23. 77M [Music Pavilion, on Madison square.
No. 24. T/zo [Music Pavilion, on VVashi 1gton square.
No. 25. T/zo [Music Pavilion, on Tompkins square.

No. 26. [7% Ornamontol Iron Sottoos in various Parks.

388
No. 26. T/ze S/tiela’s ana’ Badges for Park—keepers’ uniforms.

No. 27. T/ze Posts ana’ Railing of Triangular Park on Canal

street.

No. 28. T/ze Watt/rand Tool Houses on the Battery and on

Tompkins square.

No. 29. T/te Fountain on t/ze Plaza at Fifty—ninth street and

Fifth avenue.
No. 30. T/ze Large Central Fountain, on City Hall Park.

The next in order of arrangement, Class C.——Under this
head I comprise the following items, to wit:

No. 31. lee Repair Slzops, in connection with Sheds and
Stables to be erected on Transverse Road No. 3, C. P.

NO. 32. Drinking Fountain for Horses, situate _on the south-

west circle, Central Park, Bronze Finial to complete same.
NO. 33. Cottage for Ladies and C/zila’ren on the Battery.

No. 34. T/ze Deer House, situate on the East Meadow at
the Central Park.

No. 35. Bridge No. XXIII, east of the Old Reservoir, C. P.,

alterations and additions thereto.

No. 36. Bridge No. XX 17]., on the West Drive, north of the

New Reservoir, being rebuilt and reconstructed.

in which I shall

 

The last division comprises Class D,

enumerate :

No. 37. Tue Large Casino or Restaurant proposed to be
erected on the Plateau, east of the Old Reservoir, C. P.

No. 38. The Ornamental Clock to be erected on the ()val,
at the south end of Mall, C. P. ,

389

No. 39. T/ie Slielz‘er to protect the rehabilitation of the cast
of Crawford’s Equestrian Statue of Washington.

NO. 40. Designs for Ornanzenz‘al Drinking Fonnz‘ains for Man
and Horse in the Public Parks.

No. 41. Ornamental [nelosnre to. the Statue of Lincoln on

Union square.

No. 42. Die Art Museum, various Preliminary Studies of the

Design proposed by the former Board of Commissioners ofthe
Central Park. 1

No. 43. Tlie fliere/ianz‘s’ Gate, at the intersection of Fifty—
ninth street and Eighth avenue, various Preliminary Studies
of the design aiso proposed by former Board of Central Park

Commissioners.
NO. 44. T/ze fifnsic Pavilion for the Battery.

The following Se/iea’ale will take up each one of the several
heads enumerated above; and briefly specify the kind and
quality of work or construction that has been in execution in re-
lation to the same, together with the‘lisz‘ of Plans ana’ Detail
Working Drawings which have been prepared,’ in order to carry
out efficiently the various works of the several specific classes

necessitated by the demands of the Structure in question.

Class A.

No. I. The Terraee Bridge. The work done in connection
with and towards the completion of this Structure, comprises
the execution of the skylight in central panel of ceiling, the
lining of the Fountain Basin (which it had hitherto been found

impossible to keep tight), with an experimental coating of

390

Portland cement under Bandmann’s patent; the laying the two
levels of Lower Esplanade and the Parallellogram at foot of
South Steps throughout in concrete pavement (Scharf’s patent),
in place of the carrying out of the granite or blue-stone mo-
saic, as originally designed; also the main Central Fountain
has been further advanced towards completion, and is now
ready for the large polished MTesterly granite basin contracted
for by Messrs. J. G. Batterson, of Hartford, Conn. There has
been considerable difficulty in quarrying the stone for this
basin, on account of its enormous size (40 tons). However, I
am given to understand the huge monolith has at length been
successfully hauled up out of the quarry , and the stone— cutters

are fairly at work on the same.

In furtherance of the above work, the following Drawings
and Working Details have been prepared:

I Section of Fountain basin, showing lining, April 24, 1870, one—fourf/z full size.

2 Section of Fountain basin, showing lining, April :5, 1870, full size.

3 Section of large Granite basin, granite cutter, full size.

4. Duplicate of same, for bronze worker, fall 3 5e.

5 Details of Granite panels, granite cutter, October :9 1870, one— ez'gfit/z f 21/ szze.

6 Duplicate of same, for transmission abroad, December 2, 1870, one ez'g/zi/z zne/z and/22!!
.92ze.

No. 2. T/ze large Stable and S/zeds in connection therewith,
on Transverse Road No. 3. , On the incoming of the present
Commission, the walls of the stable did not average more than
four feet above the plinth, except toward the eastern end cf
the building, where they ranged somewhat higher; and only
a portion of the foundations for the large Sheds in connection
with and adjacent to the same were laid. The whole of both
Structures is now nearly complete, with the exception of the
flooring of the lower story ofthe Sheds, which it is proposed
to’lay with the lngersoll pavement. They form a very desir—

able adjunct to the necessary Offices of Administration on the

is:

‘391

Central Park, giVing' efficient stabling for twenty-six cart—horses;
three loose boxes; harness lockers to correspond; ample hay
and feed lofts above; and a very large amount of most valu-
able storage room is afforded by the adjacent sheds, a very
great desideratum, taking into account the vast stock of plant
needed, and that will further be needed, to fill the various
requirements of the Central Park. The masonry of these
buildings has been done under contract by Messrs. Jeremiah
T. and James B. Smith; the stone—cutting (which is admirable
both in material and in execution) has been carried out by Mr.
William H. Crommelin; the iron work on the stable by Messrs.
James L. Jackson 8: Brother; and on the sheds by Messrs. J.
B. & M. M. Cornell; the roofing and slating by Mr. Francis
Dugan; and the carpenter work by our own forces under the

direction of Foreman E. C. Treadwell.

In furtherance of the above work, the following Drawings and
Working Details have been prepared :

7. No. 64. Cross—section Roof frame. Carpenter, April 27, 1870, one-fourt/z z'nen and
one-efg/zz‘li inc/z, full size.

8. No. 65. Elevation of Gates on Eighty-siith street. Mason, April 28, 1870, one-
lzolf inc/z and one inc/z scale.

9. No. 66. .Duplicate of No. 64. Office use, June 29, I870, one—fame}; z'ne/z am! one—
ez'g/zl/z inc/z, full size.

10. No. 67. Duplicate of No. 63. Engineer, C. P., June 6, 1870, one mm.

II. No. 68. Duplicate of No. 65. Engineer, C. I’., June 8, 1870, one—na/f inc/z and
one inc/z scale.

12. N0. 69. Plans of roof timbers complete. Carpenter, April 24, I870, one—ez'gnZ/z
inc/1,. ‘

13. No. 70. Duplicate of same. Engineer, C. P., April 25, 1870, one—ez'gnt/z inc/z.

14. No. 71. ,Details of columns and girders. Iron-founder, May 31, 1870, one—fourzlz
full size.

15. No. 72. Duplicate of same. Office use, May 31, I870, one—foun‘lz full size.

16. No. 73. Details of main hatch. Mason, June 3, 1870, one inc/z.

17. N0. 74. Duplicate of same. Office use, June 5, 1870, one inc/z.

18. No. 75. Details of window in Reservoir wall. Carpenter, C. P., May 8, 1870,
one int/z. . , .

19. No. 76. Duplicate of same. ffice use, May 12, 1870, one inc/z.

20. No. 77. Carpenter’s details of dormer. Carpenter, C. P., July 18, 1870, one inc/z.

21. No. 78. Large detail of same. Carpenter, C. P., July 19, 1870,/9:1! size.

22.
23.
24.
25.
26.

27.
28.
29.

3°-
31.

x 32.
33-

34.

39-
4o.

41.

45-
46.
47-

48.
49-

50.
51.
52.
53-
54-

f! .

J

F.

U.

392

No. 79. Details of sliding gate. Carpenter, C. P., July 6, 1870, one inc/l.

No. 80. Duplicate of same. Office use, July 8, 1870, one inc/2.

No. 81. Details of inclosing shutters. Carpenter, C. P., no date, one inc/z.

No. 82. Duplicate of same. Office use, no date, one inc/z.

N0. 83. Details of metal cornice. Iron-founder, April 23, 1870, full size.

N0. 84. Detail of gutter and springer-bolt. Iron-founder, one inc/z;

N0. 85. Detail of gables of sheds. Mason, May 5, 1870, one inc/z.

No. 86. Details of plinth wall, on 86th Street. Engineer, C. P., May 14, 1870,
one inc/z. ,

No. 87. Details of iron, finial to dormer. Iron-founder, May 20, 1870, full size.

No. 88. Detail of windows in reservoir wall. Carpenter, C. P., June I, 1870, fnlz
size and one inc/z.

No. 89. Duplicate of drawing N0. 5. Engineer, C. P., June 29, 1870, one-ezg/zt/E
inc/z.

N0. 90. Copy of drawing N0. 53. Mason and Carpenter, June 29, 1870, one-
ez'g/zl/z inc/z.

N0. 91. Copy of drawing No. 88. Office use, June 29, 1870, full size and one
z'nen.

No. 92. Copy of drawing No. 76. Mason, June 29, 1870, one inc/z.

No. 93. Duplicate of plan 59. Mason and Carpenter, June 30, 1870, one-four”;
inc/z.

N0. 94. Second duplicate of N0. 76. Office use, June 30, 1870, one inc/z.

N0. 95. Duplicate of drawing 61. Mason and Carpenter, June 29, 1870, one—
fourt/z z'ne/z.

N0. 96. Duplicate of iron work No. 56. Iron-founder, June 29, 1870, o;ze-ez;g/’zt/z
inc/z.

N0. 97. Duplicate of iron work No. 70. Iron-founder, June 29, 1870, one-ez'g/zt/z
inc/z.

N0. 98. Detail of shoe for post, Stable. Iron-founder, August 3, 1870, one—fonn’fi
full size. -

No. 99. Detail of iron-work t0 girder. Iron—founder, August 4, 1870, t/Eree-eig/zt/zs
inc/z.

No. 100. Elevation of East face, return wall. Mason, August 13, 1870, one-fourt/z
z'ne/z.

No. 101. Elevation and plan of dwarf wall‘ on Reservoir. Mason, August 20, 1870,
oize-ezgr/l/lz inc/z. -

No. 102.- Duplicate of same. Office use, August 22, 1870, oneezlg/zl/z inc/'2.

No. 103. Details of head for leaders. Stone-cutter, September 1, 1870, full size“
No. 104. Details of gateway, East wall. Mason and Stone-cutter, September 1,
1870, one z'ne/z.

No. 105. Detail of door for gateway. Carpenter, September 2, 1870, full size.
No. 106. Details of openings to Harness rooms. Mason and Stone-cutter, September
6, 1870, one-na/f z'ne/z.

No. 107. Duplicate of same. Office use, September 6, 1870, one-llalf z'ne/z.

No. 108. Detail of leader head. Stone-cutter, September 9, 1870, full size.

No. 109. Duplicate of same. Iron-founder, September 9, 1870, full size.

No. 110. Duplicate of drawing No. 104. Office use, September 24, 1870, one inc/z.

No. 111. Duplicate of drawing No. 37. Carpenter, C. P., October 18, 1870, one-
ez'g/zz‘lz inc/z. -

No. 112. Junction of leaders at plinth. Slater, November 12, 1870, full" size,

No. 113. Duplicate of same. Stone-cutter, November 12, 1870, full size.

393

57. No. 114. Duplicate of same. Office use, November 18, 1870, full size.

.58. No. 119. Duplicate of drawing 48, modified. Iron-founder, December I, 1870; one
inc/2.

59. No. 122. Details of hinges for stable-doors. Iron-founder, December 20, 1870, full
szzc’.

No. 3. 77% Dairy. This Structure was left in a condition ap—
proaching completion by the former Board of Commissioners.
During the past year, we have executed the plastering, set in
the stained-glass windows, laid the brick and blue—stone pave-
ment out51de, completed the wood—work of the interior, includ-’
mg the counters, and done the painting; which leaves the

building almost ready foruse and occupation.

in furtherance of which work, the following Drawings and
\Vorking Details have been prepared:

60. Plan of pavement remodeled. Mason and Stone-cutter, June 15, 1870, one—foztrZ/z
inc/z.

61.. Details of counter crossing same. Carpenter, C. P., June 19, 1870, one inc/z.

62. Details of counter. Carpenter, C. P., June 31, 1870, full size.

No. 4. TIM [Ra/wait”, and its connecting parts. This Struc-
‘ ture is now rapidly approaching completion, and is one of the
strongest and most intrinsically thorough buildings in its con-
struction upon the Central Park. Under the present organiza-
tion the wing of the main portion has been completed, together
I with the parapet walls around the Esplanade; the Clock Tower
is carrying up to its full height; and the Structure originally
designed for the northwest angle has been modified in char—
acter, and is being rapidly pushed forward by Foreman
Treadwell and his forces. The steps leading down from the
ESplanade to the walk around the Lower Reservoir are also
completed; and the iron beams supporting the several floors
of the main structure are set in their places. No Details have
yet been prepared, or Contract made for the clock to be here-

after set in the tower. The balance of the rough stone and

394

granite work, required to complete the whole, is cut, all save
a small reservation, and the few remaining Detail Drawings
required are in rapid progress. In connection with'this Struc-
ture, the mason work of which is looked upon as a model of
mechanical excellence by every master—mechanic and expert in
the city, I would lay particular emphasis on the service ren- ‘
dcred to the Department by Foreman Robert McVVhinney, in
carrying out the masonry and stone—cutting of the above build-

ing so faithfully and thoroughly.

In furtherance of the same, the following Working Draw—
ings and Details have been prepared:

63. Preliminary study of _modification northwest angle. Office use, one-ez’g/zl/z z'm/z.
64. North, south, east, and west elevations of same. Carpenter, C. P., ozze—fomw’z 2375/2.
65. Duplicate of north elevation. Mason and Carpenter, one-fourzlz inc/z.

66. Duplicate of south elevation. Mason and Carpenter, mze—fourt/z inc/z.

67. Duplicate of east elevation. Mason and Carpenter, one—faztn‘fi inc/z.

6S. Duplicate of west elevation. Mason and Carpenter, one—foun‘lz inc/z.

69. Plan of Verandah and Tower. Mason, C. P., onefourz‘lz inc/z.

-7o. Duplicate of same. Office use, one-fourm 2326/2.

71. Plan of stone piers and parapet wall. Mason, C. P., one—fourflz incfi.

72. Duplicate of same. ffice use, one—fourt/z inc/z. ‘

3. General plan showing iron beams. Iron—founder, one-ezlg/zi/z z'mfi.

74. Duplicate of same. Office use, one—ez'g/zZ/z inc/z.

'75. Section of iron beams. Iron-founder, full size.

76. Duplicate of same. Office use, if]! size.

77. Details of stone balcony. Mason, C. P., om‘JzaZf 'z'zzr/z (272;! f::/[ size.

78. Duplicate of same. Office use, mze-lza/f 1726/2 and fry]! size.

79. Front and side elevation of 'upper part Tower. Mason, C. P., onefozzrll’z z'm‘lz.
80. Duplicate of same. Office use, one—fourt/z. inc/z.

81. Section of Verandah and Tower. Mason, C. P., one-fia/f inc/'2.

82. Duplicate of same. Office use, one—half 42512,.

83. Details of cornices for Verandah. Carpenter, fat/Z size.

84. Details of Verandah. Carpenter, fat/Z size.

N0. 5. The T 6772;071sz ffousgs for Carizz'vora, north and south
of the Museum Building (Old Arsenal). Pursuant to instruc—
i tions from the Executive Committee, bearing date June I3, 1870,
I prepared the Designs for the two houses, which have been
carried into execution, as a means of temporary accommoda—

tion until more permanent Structures shall have been located

 

395
and erected .on the Zoological Gardens proposed hereafter to
be established in the Central Park. These houses are fifty feet
by twenty-tivo, internal measurement, giving an area to each
of eleven hundred superficial feet, and so far are found ad—
mirably to answer the purposes for which they were constructed.
The house to the north is well stocked with strong new iron
cages, containing Carnivora and sundry of the Monkey tribes;
that on the south with tropical birds, and also several cages
devoted to the Monkeys, both being heated by steam from a
supply boiler in the Museum building. A clere—story, running
around the entire four sides of each building, gives ample light
and means of ventilation in summer, and in all respects these
houses are found to serve their purpose very well on ordinary
occasions, though on Sundays and holidays, from their neces—
sarily contracted dimensions, they become overcrowded—an evil,
however, that will be sufficiently obviated when future and

more permanent buildings are erected.

For the construction of the} same the following Working

Plans and Details have been prepared:

85. No. 1. Plan of foundations. Mason, C. P., July 9, 1870, one—gzmrz‘er 27255.

83. No. 2. Duplicate of same. Office use, July 10, 1870, one—quarter inc/z.

87. No. 3. General plan. Carpenter, C. P., July 14, 1870, one—guafler inc/z.

88. No. 4. Duplicate of same. Office use, July 14, I870, ozzaguarz‘er inc/z.

89. No. 5. Front elevation. Carpenter, C. P., July 14, I870, one—quarter inc/z.

90. No. 6. Duplicate of same. Office use, July 21, 1870, amalgam/tar inc/z.

91., No. 7. Side elevation and cross section. Carpenter, C. P.. July 18, 1870, one—guar—

z‘er inc/z.

92. No. 8. Duplicate of same. Office use, July 21, 1870, anaguarter inc/z.

93. No. 9. Framing of elevations. Carpenter, C. P., July 14, 1870, omyuarter inc/z.

94. No. 10. Duplicate of same. Office use, July 14, 1870, onexyzmrrer inc/z.

95. No. 11. Framing of side elevations. Carpenter, C. P., July 14, 1870, one quarter
inc/z.

96. No. 12. Duplicate of same. Ofiice use, July 14, 1870, (my—quarter inch.

97. No. 13. Details of frame, etc. Carpenter, C. P., July 16, 1870, full size.

98. No. 14. Duplicate of same. Office use, July 17, 1870, fuZZ size. .

99. No. 15. Details of clere-story. Carpenter, C. P., July 21, 1870, one inc/z andfm’l
Size.

396

100. No. 16. Duplicate of same. Office use, July 26, 1870, one ine/z and full size.

101. No. 17. Details of doors and windows. Carpenter, C. P., July 21, 1870, one inc/z.

102. No. 18. Duplicate of same. Office use, July 22, 1870, one inc/z.

103. No. 19. Details of balcony. V Carpenter, C. P., July 23, 1870, one inc/z and full
szze. ~

104. Duplicate of same. Office use, July 26, 1870, one ine/z and full size.

105. Details of doors and windows. Carpenter, C. P., July 21, 1870, full size.

106. Duplicate of same. Office use, July 21, 1870, full size.

107. Details of ventilating shaft in roof. Iron-founder, August 27, 1870, one inc/z and

full size.
108. Duplicate of same. Office use, August 28, 1870, one inefl and full size.
109. Details finial to same. Iron—founder, August 26, 1870, fall size.
1.10. Duplicate of above. Office use, August 28, 1870, full size.
111. Details of dormer skylight. Carpenter, C. P., September 14, 1870, one-lzalf inc/2.1
112. Diagram of plans of dens. Iron—founder, September 30, 1870, one-gnarz‘er inc/z.

N0. 6. T/ze Veranda/is for miscellaneous animals, east of the
Museum building. In connection with the new system inaugu-
rated by the erection of the above-mentioned Carnivora houses,
the Commissioners decided to carry out a line of spacious and
dwell—arranged lean-tos or Verandahs along the east side of the
space fronting the Museum building and parallel to the boun-
dary line on Fifth avenue. These Sheds are commodious and
sufficiently ornamental and agreeable in form. All the iron
work in connection with the dens and cages belonging thereto

are of first~class strength and workmanship.

Pertinent to their construction, the following Details and

VVOrking Drawings have been prepared:

113. No. 1. Elevation and plan of sheds. Carpenter, C. P., September, 1870, one-
fonrl/z inc/z.

114. N0. 2. Duplicate of. same. Office use, September 7, 1870, onefourZ/i inc/z.

115. No. 3. Detail of cornice brackets. Carpenter, C. P., September 14, I870, fz-zll

size.
116. No. 4. Details of cages for ditto. Iron-founder, September 20, 1870, one inc/z.

No. 7. TIM Bird—lions“ in eonneelion Z/zerezoii/i. In order to
utilize the old dove-cot standing north of the site of the Con—
servatory on the east side of the Park, it was decided to cut
it in half transversely, and remove the two sections, respect—

ively, to the northeast angle or corner of the space fronting

397

the Museum building; then, setting the iron work to the front
'and backing up each with a frame "and partition work of
timber construction, we have as a result two very serviceable
temporary structures for Eagles, Vultures, and other birds of

their class

This change required the following Detail Drawings:-

117. No. I. Plan and elevation. Carpenter, C. P., one-fourth inc/z.
118. No. 2. Duplicate of same. Office use, one—fourz‘lz inc/z.
119. No. 3 Details for cornices, etc. Carpenter, C. P., fztfl size.

NO. 8. T/ze large Menagerie éuz'ldz'ng west of Me Museum. The
rapid increase of the collection of animals belonging to the
Commission, the necessity to provide suitable accommodation
not only for our own stock of ruminantia, but for the numerous
specimens loaned or confided to our care during the winter
months, rendered the construction of the very serviceable Stabling
west of the Museum an absolute necessity. This structure, 110
feet long by 47 wide (internal measurement), well flagged, of
solid timber construction, and heated by steam, contains on the
west side a long range of stalls for Elephants, Rhinoceroses, Buf-
faloes, etc.; and on the opposite side of the central alley, two
tiers of cages and dens. Being a somewhat conspicuous build—
ing, the Anglo-Swiss style has been adopted in its design; and
it is to a certain extent, and of necessity, ornate; but in all the
buildings and structures intended hereafter for Zoological pur-
poses, all superfiuous and extraneous ornament is proposed to
be resolutely avoided; solidly built, unpretending structures are
to be our aim, well lit, well ventilated, well heated, picturesque
in their outline and general effect; but endeavoring, also, to steer
clear ,of the architectural whims and eccentricities and absurd
reproductions of Egyptian and Grecian temples, that disfigure

too many of the gardens in the leading cities Of Europe.

398
In furtherance of the above building, the following Plans and

Working Drawings have been prepared:

120. N0. 1. Preliminary study of plan and elevation. Ofiice use, one-Iza/f inc/z.

121. No. 2. Second study of Design (adopted). Office use, one—ezg/M/z inc/z.

122. No. 3. Working drawing, plan, and elevation. Mason and Carpenter, C. R, 072e-
eig/il/z inc/L.

123. No. 4. Transverse section. Carpenter, C. P., one—fourflz inc/z.

124. N0. 5. Duplicate of same. Office use, one-fourth inc/2.

125. No. 6. General roof plan. Slater, one-ezlg/zz‘lz inc/z.

126. N0. 7. Detail of cornice and bracketing. Carpenter, C. P.,fu[! size.
127. No. 8. Detail of gable enrichment. Carpenter, C. P., full size.

128. N0. 9. Detail of tracery in brackets. Carpenter, C. P., full size.

129. No.10. Detail of finials. Carpenter, C. P., full size.

130. No.11. Plan, elevation, and section of cages. Iron-founders, one—fourth inc/z.

I31. No.12. Plan and section of stall division. Carpenter, C. P., onefozzrz‘le int/z.

132. No.13. Elevation of cages, and support of same. Carpenter and Smith, one-
fourt/I, inc/i.

133. N0. 14. Elevation showing ornamental colors. Painter, C. P., one—eig/ztiz inc/z.

134. No.15. General framing plan of roof. Carpenter, C. P., one—fourz‘lz iize/z.

I35. No.16. Details of doors. Carpenter, C. P., one-flay inc/z.

No. 9. T/ze ElepfianZ—lzazzse, also adjacent to the Museum, pro-
vides suitable quarters for an animal always an immense source
of attraction whenever on exhibition, and hitherto almost hidden
from view in his crammed and close quarters in the damp base—
ment of the old Arsenal. The present building will serve its
temporary purpose very well, but in future zoological arrange—
ments we must bear in mind we cannot well overdo the matter
of strength and solidity in the permanent building or buildings
hereafter constructed for these animals. In the new elephant
house erected a few years since in the Regent’s Park Gardens,
at London, the doors and stall divisions were deemed by the
”architect of ample strength, but its occupant, proved the con—
trary, for, the very first night of removal to his new quarters,
he smashed all around him with as much ease as though built
of pipe—stems. In recapitulation, on Nos. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, of
class A, I must not omit to state that all the Carpentry and

timbcr construction have been carried out by our own forces,

 

99

» C))

as well as the Masonry, and in all the arrangements we have
been admirably seconded by. Foreman Treadwell, and also Gen—
eral Foreman Gayte. The ornamental iron—work has been done
by James L. Jackson & Brother; that of the cages, etc., by
James G. Dimond; and the roofing generally by Mr. Francis

Dugan.

The Elephant—house required the following Detail and VVork-

mg Drawmgs:

136. No. I. Plan, elevation, and section Elephant-house. Carpenter, C. P., wax/0217771
I37. NoiflgilL Duplicate of same. Office use, ofle-fourflz inc/z.
138. No. 3. Details of roof. Carpenter, C.. P., ana-szzrt/z inc/z.

No. 10. The S/zeepfola’ and Barn—On the 2d of July last I
received orders from the Executive Committee to prepare De—
signs and Plans for suitable habitations and winter accommo-
dation for the Park sheep; the former quarters being so close
and confined that the detriment to the health of the animals
was most serious, packed as they were into a confined space
with insufficient room, no light, and worse ventilation. In fact,
from this cause several valuable specimens were lost to the
Commission. At first a structure of wood was contemplated,
but wiser considerations prevailed, and a substantial, well—ven—
tilated building of brick and stone isInow rapidly approaching
completion, which obeys many of the canons laid down by the
Commissioners as to what should be the prevailing character—
istics of all buildings for animals or zoological purposes in the
Park. The Sheepfold is constructed of hollow brick walls, to
exclude damp, consisting of an outer twelve-inch and an inner
eight—inch wall, separated by a four—inch cavity, faced with
best Colobaugh brick laid in black mortar, and trimmed occa-

sionally with the rough bastard granite of this island, and in

400

the more ornate portions with blue and gray Malden stone.
It comprises four elements: the Sheepfold proper, the adjacent
Barns and lofts for storage of feed, the Residence of the
Keeper connecting the two wings, and the Loggie at either
extremity commanding a good view in range of the animals
in their fold—to which Loggie and their balconies the public
are to be admitted. The Sheepfold proper consists of two
wings, tWenty feet in the clear width, by twenty feet in height,
down which run two lines of galvanized iron feed-racks and
mangers, sufficient, with the lambing pens, for tho hundred
and eighty to three hundred sheep; adjacent to each division,
and separated by openings with fire—proof iron doors and shut-
ters, are the Barns for the storage of feed and hay, each Barn
thirty feet by twenty clear, internal measurement, and in two
stories, giving ample storage room of two thousand four hun—
dred superficial feet. Over an entrance archway for the road
leading up from Transverse Road No. I is situated a Dwelling
for the Chief Sheep—keeper and his men, also fire—proof, sepa-
rated by solid brick walls from the rest of the structure,
floored with brick arches in cement springing from iron beams,
and containing a kitchen, scullery, living—room, and siX bed—
rooms, with a lumber or storage loft yet, in top of roof. To-
wards the Park, the two wings of the Sheepfold proper ter—
minate in two open Loggie or Arcades, eighteen feet by
fourteen feet each, joining on a balcony overlooking the green
sward adjacent to the building, and commanding a View of the
sheep feeding , or reposing inside. These Loggie are trimmed
with arcade work of blue and gray Malden stone, further en-
hanced by small columns of polished Scotch red granite, to
form an agreeable architectural relief to the otherwise sombre

and monotonous character of the building; they will each be

401 ‘
floored With a pavement of Minton’s encaustic tile; and on.
screens running mid-way of their length Wlll be exhibited oil
paintings and photographs of all the various breeds of sheep;
and on side-tables, under the microscope, specimens of the
various kinds and qualities of wool, illustrating their texture,
fibre, etc. A visit to this building, when complete in its
organization, will thus not only interest the casual visitor to
the Park, but prove a vehicle of education to the farmer and.

the student in industrial economy.

The rough Stone—work, the Carpentry, and the Brick—work
have been carried on. by our own forces in charge of Foremen
Smith and Treadwell. The cut stone is furnished by the
Bigelow Blue—stone Company, executed with the view of con-
trasting the blue and gray Malden stone. The Iron-work has
been contracted for by the firm of J. B. & M. M. Cornell,
and the slating has been confided to Mr. Francis. Dugan. The
Wings are already built; the Barn and Keeper’s dwelling ap-
proaching completion, and “the LOggie both in progress.

In furtherance of the above'work, the following Plans and

Detail Working Drawings have been prepared:

139. No. I. Preliminary study of plans (signed by the President), September 7, 1870,
September 4, I870, one-ez’g/zt/z mm.

140. No. 2. Preliminary front elevation (signed by the President), September 7, 1870,
September 6, 1870, one—ezg/z/lz inc/z.

141. No. 3. Preliminary side elevation and section (signed by the President), September
7, 1870, September 3, I870, one-eig/zt/z £7265.

14” No. 4. Diagram plan for Excavator, Engineer and Mason, C. P., September 8,

1870, oize-ez'gflt/z int/z.

143. No. 5. Plan, foundation walls at plinth. Mason, C. P., September 9, 1870, one-
fourl/z inc/z.

I44. No. 6. General plan of walls. Mason, C. P., September 10, 1870, one-fourth inc/z.

1442-1. No. 7. Duplicate of same. Office use, September .21, 1870. one-fourl/z inc/z.

145. No. 8. Front elevation (one-half). Mason, C. P., November 8, 1870, onefourt/z
inc/E.

146. No. 9. Duplicate of same. Office use, November 18, 1870, one—fourZ/z z'm/z.

147. No. IO. Transverse elevation developed. Mason, C. P., November 8, 1870, one‘
fourt/z inc/z.

26

' 402

147a. No. 11. Duplicate of same. Office use, November 22, 1870, one-fourth inch.

148.

149.
150.

151.
152.

153.
154.
155.
156.

157.

158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.

167.
168.

169.
170.

171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.

177-.
178.
179.
180.
181.
182.

183.’

184.

No. 12. Rear elevation developed. Mason, C. P., November 8, 1870, one-fourth inch.

No. 13. Duplicate of same. Office use, November 22, 1870, one-fourth inch.

No. 14. Side and rear elevation of barn. Mason, C. P., November 8, 1870, one-
fourth inch. ‘

No. 15. Duplicate of same. Office use, November 22, 1870, one—fourth inch.

No. 16. Details, walls and entrance gables. Mason, C. P., October 10, 1870, one-
haif inch.

No. 17. Duplicate of same. Office use, November 22, 1870, one-half inch.

No. 18. Details of loggia. Mason, C. P., October 10, 1870, one—half inch.

No. 19. Duplicate of same. Office use, November 22, 1870, one-half inch.

No. 20. Details of barns» and dwelling. Mason, C. P., November 10, 1870, one-haif
inch and one—fourth inch.

No. 21. Duplicate of same. Office use, November 22, 1870, onefourth and one-
half inch.

No. 22. Details of plinth. Mason, C. P., November 25, 1870, full size.

No. 23. Detail of bevel plinth. Mason, C. P., November 25, 1870.

No. 24. Details of lintels, keys, &c. Mason, C. P., November 26, 1870, full size.

No. 25. Duplicate of same. Office use, November 27, 1870, full size.

No. 26. Details of roof trusses. Carpenter, C. P., November 30, 1870, one-haif inch.

No. 27. Duplicate of same. Office use, December I, 1870, one-haif inch.

No. 28. Plan of finished roofs. Slater, March 30, 1871, one-fourth inch.

N0. 29. Duplicate of same. Office use, March 31, 1871, onefourth inch.

No. 30. Details of Scotch granite columns. Stone-cutter, December 5, 1870, one-
half inch.

No. 31. Duplicate of same. Mason, C. P., December 5, 1870, one-half inch.

No. 32. Details of bands and voussoirs. Stone-cutter, November 26, 1870, one-half
inch.

N0. 33. Details of iron ventillating bricks. Iron-founder, November 29, 1870, full size.

No. 34. Details of arches of loggia. Stone—cutter, November IO, 1870, one-half inch.

No. 35. Details of plinth on all sides. Mason, C. P., October 13, 1870, onefourth inch.

No. 36. Details of voussoirs. Stone-cutter, October 18, 1870, full size.

No. 37. Details of capitals of columns. Stone-cutter, October 20, 1870, full size.

No. 38. Details of arches of loggia. Stone-cutter, October 29, 1870, full size.

No. 39. Details of side arch of loggia. Stone-cutter, October 29, 1870, full size.

No. 40. Details of panels of loggia. Stone-cutter, October 30, 1870, full size.

No. 41. Details of arch over balcony. Stone-cutter, October 30, 1870, full size.

No. 42. Details of iron beams, etc. Iron-founder, November 2, 1870, onefourfh,
one-half, and one inch.

N0. 43. Details of iron ventilator. Iron-founder, November 2, 1870, one-fourth, one-
hczlf, and one inch.

No. 44. Duplicate of same. Slater, November 3, 1870, onefoun‘h, one—haif, and one
inch. K

No.45. Duplicate of drawing No. 43. Mason, C. P., November 3, 1870, one-
fourth, one-half, and one inch.

No. 46. Details of cornice of loggia, etc. Carpenter, C. P., March 13, 1871, fn/Z
size.

No. 47. Details of entrance gate and lean-to. Carpenter, C. P., March 16, 1871,
full size and one-fourih full size.

No. 48. Diagram of roof, showing colors. Slater, March 30, 1871, onefosu'lh

inch.

403

No. II. The Large Conservalory at Seventy-fourth street on
an amended and enlarged plan.—It has been deemed advisable
‘to reconsider and remodel the design for the Conservatory
entered upon by the Old Board of Commissioners, so as to
obtain greater picturesqueness of outline, more extended height
inside, and a greater variety of trees and plants on exhibition;
for this reason, the Main Structure has been raised, enlarged
by a transept, which gives additional life to the view in per-
spective from the west side of the Seventy-fourth street lake,
and in order to accommodate a pleasing variety of more tem—
perate plants than those produced in the major central build—
ing, or Palm-house proper, two supplementary Rotundas have
been added to the design, at the north and south ends, which
will hold a fine display of floral contrast. I have been guided
in the preparation of this design by many excellent sugges-
tions, most kindly given by Dr. Joseph Dalton Hooker, Super—
intendent of the Royal iGardens, at Kew, in England. In
making recent additions to the famous Palm—house in those
gardens, Dr. Hooker informs me that, attended by his foreman,
he spent two years and over investigating all the leading
Conservatories of Europe. He is acknowledged to be the first
and best authority on this subject in the world, and I respect-
fully suggest to you, Sir, the expediency of putting; me in full
and unreserved communication with so eminent an expert, that
we may as well profit by the large experience he has gained,
and start (as it were) from the standpoint of his knowledge
acquired in so many and so'thorough investigations. We shall
be all the better enabled so to do, as owing to the nature of
the foundations, part of which are on solid rock, and part of
which are on quicksand, we must take considerable care and

pains during the present summer in making the substructure

404-

of that Conservatory proof against all and any liability to frac-
ture by settlement, which would endanger the construction of
the upper portion of the work, and cause the city a loss of
thousands of dollars, by the risk and exposure of the therein-
contained valuable tropical plants. The Engineer-in-Chief will
report to you more in detail as regards these foundations, and
he assures me he will exert his very best professional ability
to second our efforts in getting in these walls so securely,
that no hereafter casualty of the kind alluded to need be
feared. In my Opinion, we should construct the main portion
of cast and wrought iron, carrying the glass in wooden frames,
so as to avoid all chance of fracture through expansion or.
contraction; the glass itself will be the ribbed or fluted heavy
glass, three-sixteenths of an inch in thickness, the light trans-
mitted through which is found to be the most salutary for
the. health of plants. Eighteen feet above the floor a gallery
six feet wide will run all round the building, connecting more
immediately with the Seventy—fourth street entrance on Fifth
avenue, and ample means will be taken to secure a perfect
and homogeneous system of ventilation throughout the whole.
I propose, moreover, in connection with the heating apparatus,
a double system of boilers and steam supply, to obviate all
risk. of any accident or stoppage by the giving‘out of the one
actually in use. Underneath the whole area of the Conserva-
tory will extend a hall of 22,500 feet superficial area, and
seventeen feet in the clear height, amply and sufficiently lit on
all four sides, for horticultural exhibitions of fruit and flowers,
and below that again, a basement or cellar extending over the
same area for working purposes. The foundations have been
carried on during last fall and the present spring by our own

men under charge of Foreman \Villiam Kearns, part being on

" 435

solid rock, and towards the southerly end' on soft ground,

part quicksand; great care is being. taken in putting in said

foundation.

The following Designs, Plans, and Detail Drawings have

thus far been completed for the Structure in question:

185.
186.
187.

188.

190.
191.
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197.1
198.
199.
200.
201.

202.

203.

No. 1. General plan of Conservatory (approved by President), September 9, 1870,
272716 tinny-second: of an inc/'1. ,
No. 2. Elevation of west facade. Office use, September 12, 1870, t/zrce l/zirty-
seconds of an inc/z. ‘ ' p .
No. 3. Transverse section. Office use, September 1.1., 1870, 271724: {flirty—second: of
an inc/z. '
No. 4. Sketch of fagade on Fifth avenue. Office use, September 12, 1870, 1117a
thirty-seconds of an inch. v

No. 5. Duplicate of plan for transmission to Dr. Hooker, at Kew Gardens, De—
cember 11, 1870, tfirec [flirty-seconds of an inc/z.

No. 6. Duplicate of west elevation, ditto, February 13, 1871, t/zrcc Z/zirzj/Jccondr
of an inc/z.

N0. 7. Duplicate of transverse section, ditto, February I5, 1871, tfirce [flirty-seconds
of an inc/z.

No. 8. General plan, sub-foundations. Engineer, C. P., March 13, 1871, one-eig/n‘lz
inc/i.

No. 9. General plan, foundation of rotundas. Engineer, C. P., March 14, I871,
one-eight}; inc/z. -

N0. 10. Duplicate of No. 8. Mason, C. P., December 9, 1870, one-cig/zt/z inch.

No. II. Duplicate of No. 9. Mason, C. P., December 10, 1870, onc-cig/zz‘lz inc/2.

No. 12. Duplicate of No. 1, for Mr. Pilat, December 8, 1870, t/zrec tinny—second:
of an inc/z.

No. 13. Duplicate of No. 2, for Mr. Pilat, December 8, 1870, t/zrcc t/cirty-sccond:
of an inc/z.

N0. 14. General plan above basement floor. Mason, C. P., March 10, 1871, one-
chg/zt/z inc/z.

No. I 5. General plan rotundas ditto. Mason, C. P., March 11, 1871, onc—ezg/zt/c
inc/z.

N0. 16. Duplicate of No. 14. Office copy, onc-ezlg‘nt/i inc/z.

No. 17. Duplicate of No. 15. Office copy, preparation, one-czg/it/z inc/z.

N0. 18. General transverse section. Mason, C. P., March 10, 1871, oncfourt/i

incfi.

N0. 19. Duplicate of same. Office use, October 26, 1870, one—fourclz inc/z.

N0. 12. The Paiaozoic Museum (discontinued).—The founda-

tions for the design of this edifice, as adopted by the former

Board of Commissioners, having reached the ground level, it

was deemedexpedient to prepare a new set of Plans adapted

406

to these foundations, to comprise a building of more extended
usefulness and varied character, accommodating a Department
‘ of Palaeontology, of Economic Geology, and of Pisciculture; but -
on working out these Plans and procuring Estimates, this Board
have determined to devote the large sum the carrying out of
this structure would involve to other more pressing and more
immediately useful purposes. To obtain this result, the follow-

ing additional Drawings were found necessary:-

204. No. I. General ground plan. Office use, October 14, 1870, one-eight/z inc/z.

205. No. 2. Plans of galleries and basement. Office use, October 18, 1870, one-eig/zt/z
206. Nolnglf.Elevation of west front. Office use, October 17, 1870, one-eig/zt/z inc/z.
207. No. 4. Elevation of south front. Office use, November 8, 1870, mug/”12 inc/z.
208. No. 5. Transverse section. Office use, November 4, 1870, one—ez’g/zt/z z'mfi.

N0. I3. 7716 Keeper’s Dwelling and sundry additions to Sheds
and Stables on Transverse Road No. 3.—This structure, although
immediately connected with them, was left excluded from the
Mason’s Contract for Sheds and Stables, nor were any of the
necessary Plans prepared. On the completion of the Stable
building proper, its obvious want became more apparent, and I
received instructions from the Vice—President, in December last,
to prepare the needful Plans and Working Drawings forthwith.
:Being closely connected and forming an adjunct to the existing
Stable, the same style and treatment is thereby a sine qua non.
The stone is now being cut by our own workmen, and the
building progressing rapidly. Some further details in connection
with the Stable are also being carried out, and we are proceed—.
ing to turn the west return of the Shed building, where it abuts
against the Keeper’s Dwelling, into an additional Stable for

COWS.

Up to the present date, the following Plans and Working

Details have been prepared in relation therewith: ‘

, . 407

209. N0.~ 113. Plan of first and second floors. Mason, C. P., December 3, 1870, one-
fourz‘lz inc/z. '

210. No. 114. Duplicate of same. Office use, December 6, 1870, one-fourl/z inc/z.

211. No. 115. Front and east side elevation. Mason, C. P., December 3, 1870, one-
fourt/z int/z. '

212. No. 116. Duplicate of same. Office use, December 9, 1870, one-fourt/z inc/2.

213. No. 117. West front and sections. Mason, C. P., December 9, 1870, one-fourl/z
inc/2.

214. No. 118. Duplicate of same. Office use, December 7, 1870, one-fourt/z incn.

215. No. 120. Details of dormers. Mason, C. P., April 4, 1871, one inc/z.

:16. No. 121. Duplicate of same. Office use, April 4, 1871, one inc/z.

217. No. 123. Detail of small dormer, north front. Mason, C. P., April 5, 1871, one
inc/z.

218. No. 124. Duplicate of same. Office use, April 5, 1871, one inc/z.

219. No. 125. East elevation of sheds. Mason, December 12, 1870, one-four”; inc/z.

220. No. 126. North elevation sheds. Mason, C. P., December 12, 1870, one-fourth
inc/z.

221. No. 127. Additional framing of stable roof.
one-fourt/z inc/z.
222. No. 128. Elevation of stall—division.

- inofi.

223. No. 129. Detail of east gate. Carpenter, C. P., January 5, 1871, one inc/z.

24. No. 130. Details of stable doors. Carpenter, C. P., December 28, 1870, one inc/z.
225. N0. 131. Mouldings of same. Carpenter, C. P., December 29, 1870, full size.
226. No. 132. Leader heads. Roofer, February 3, 1871, full size.

227. No. 133. Duplicate of same. Mason, C. P., February 3, 1871, full size.
228. No. 134. Elevation of cow stable. Mason, C. P., April 14, 1871, one-fourt/z inc/z.
229. No. 135. Plan of same and stalls. Mason, C. P., April 15, 1871, one-fourt/z size.
230. No. 136. Duplicate of both. Office use, April 17, 1871, one-fourt/L size.

Carpenter, C. P., January 4, 1871,

Carpenter, C. P., January 4, 1871, one-[mlf

No. '14. Allemlion of t/ze Bridle-Posts at the entrance to
Bridle Roads—The former bridle—posts of oak set into blue-
stone bases, having opened by the heat of the sun, and having
become rotten and unserviceable by reason of the moisture
and wet admitted at all these checks, it has been determined
to replace them with others, and of a more ornamental char—
acter, in iron—to suit which the outline of the blue—stone
sockets will have to be modified. by our own masons. The
castings of these new bridle—posts are now being prepared by

the Composite Iron Works, under the direction of Mr. Irah
Chase.

408

For these new posts the following Working Plans have

been prepared :

231. No. I. Studies for three designs. Office use, February 6, 1871, one inefi.
232. No. 2. Detail of adopted design. Iron-founder, February 27, 1871, full size.
233. No. 3. Profile of new stone base. Mason, C. P., March 2, 1871, full size.

No. 15. Omém or Slzelter for Passengers in wailing—The. in-
creasing popularity of the Park carriage service has necessitated
the erection of these structures at the Fifth and Eighth avenue
entrances to the Park, on Fifty—ninth street, where an agreeable
resting—place will be afforded to passengers awaiting their turn.
They are light, ornamental structures of wood and iron. The
roofs, which overhang considerably, to afford shade, are sup-
ported by iron columns, the capitals of which are each prac—
ticable flower-baskets, and will be kept always supplied with an
ever—varying series of cannae, and other pendulous and orna- ,
mental plants. They are rapidly becoming completed—the iron—
work by the Composite Iron Company—the wood-work by
'Messrs. Smith & Crane.

The following plans and Working Drawings have been
prepared for the same:

234. No. I. Preliminary study (approved by Vice-President), February II, 1871, one-liaif
inc/z.

235. No. 2. Plan, section, and elevation. Iron-founder, February 16, 1871, one-Iza/f inc};
and one-eight]; full size.

236. No. 3. Duplicate of same. Office use, February 20, 1871, Ila/f z'm/z and one—ezlglzt/z
full size.

237. No. 4. Details, wrought and cast iron. Iron-founder, February 25, 1871, full size.

238. No. 5. Details, wrought and cast iron. Iron-founder, February 27, 1871, full size.

No. 16. Museum Buildiflg, t/ze New Ofiees of Admimslratio7z.—-
Early last summer we received instructions from the Executive
Committee to remodel the principal floor of the Museum Build-
ing, so as to afford the Superintendent, Property, and Disburs—

ing Clerks better facilities, and more increased accommodation;

409

but the work could not be proceeded with till the completion
of the Carnivora houses, and the consequent removal of the
animals and their cages, which encumbered the whole south
end of the building. As soon as the space was free, the whole
floor was relaid with new and wholesome planking, and the

OffiCe arrangements entirely remodeled.

No. 17. Floral Gallery on principal floor. In connection
with same, and intermediate to the series of offices at north
and south ends, a range of concentric flower—stands is being
arranged, flanked by ornamental vases, to be filled with a
handsome display of floriculture, and the statue of Columbus,
by Miss Emma Stebbins, is about being removed, and placed

in juxtaposition with the above.

No. 18. Temporary accommodation for the Museum of Na-
tural Hz’slory.—On the two upper floors the former cases have
all been remodeled and removed, and the recent acquisitions
of the Museum Association placed on exhibition in a scientific

and coherent shape.

No. 19. The Meteorological Deparlmeizl has undergone the pro—
cess of remodeling, and the ingenious and delicate instruments
in charge of, and devised by Mr. Draper, are being placed in

cases more suitable for purposes of exhibition.

For all the above work the following Detail Drawings have

been required and furnished:

239. No. 1. Plan of offices on first floor. Carpenter, C. P., one-ez'g/ztk inc/z.
240. No. 2. Duplicate of same. Office use, one-eig/zt/z inc/z.

241. No. 3. Detail of staircase to upper floor. Carpenter,- C. P., one—Izalf z'nefi.
242. No. 4. Details of architraves and bases. Carpenter, C. P., full size.

243. No. 5. Elevation and detail of pedestals. Carpenter, C. P., one 5726/2 and one-

four 12 inc/z.
244. No. 6. Plan and elevation of flower stand. Carpenter, C. P., one-fourlfi inc/2.

410

245. No. 7.,Details of cases for meteorological instruments Carpenter, C. P., one-half
inc/z.

246. No. 8. Details of standards for same. Iron-founder, full size.

247. N0. 9. Details of iron railing, etc. Iron-founder, full size.

248. No. 10. Cases for Museum of Natural History. Carpenter, C. P., one inc/z.

No. 20. The Ladies’ Cotiage, for the convenience of Ladies
and Children, is now being completed, and will be found very
serviceable to the numerous visitors to the Museum Building

and the many new attractions in and around it.

For this Structure the following Working Plans have been

prepared:

249. No. I. General plan and elevation. Carpenter, C. P., one-fourt/z inc/z.

250. No. 2. Duplicate of same. Office use, one—fourt/z int/z.

251. No. 3. Plan of foundation walls. Mason, C. P., one-four”; inc/z.

252. No. 4. Details of cornices and brackets. Carpenter, C. P., full size.

253. No. 5. Details of balustrade. Carpenter, C. P., full size.

254. No. 6. Elevation and section of chimney-cap. Iron-founder, onefourt/i inc/z, full

size.

No. 21. Mount St. Vincent.——-—In connection with the offices
of the Engineer—in-Chief, a fire—proof vault has been constructed
for the better preservation of valuable drawings and documents

in that officer’s charge; and also

No. 22. A staircase additional to those formerly in the build-
ing has been constructed, togive communication with additional
exhibition rooms from the Chapel, and thereby increase the area

of Museum accommodation in that department.

For these two last items the following Working Drawings
have been prepared:

255. No. 1. Plan elevation and section of vault. Mason, C. P., one—fourt/z inc/z.

256. No. 2. Duplicate of same. Office use, one-fourl/z inc/z.

257. No. 3. Plan and detail of staircase. Carpenter, C. P., one—fourz’lz inefi.

258. No. 4. Plan and elevation of lower staircase. Carpenter, C. P., one-fourflz
inc/z.

259. No. 5. Duplicate of same. Office use, one-fourth inc/z.

'411

I now proceed to specify the kind and qUality of work or

construction that has been executed, under the heading, of

Class B.

Nos. 23, 24, and 25. The Music Pavilions, situated respectively
on Madison square, on Washington square, and on Tompkins
square. I received instructions from the Commissioners about
the 10th of May, 1870, to prepare suitable designs for these
structures. Out of four studies, the above three were selected
and carried out; the carpentry and iron—work by Mr. James
Corwith, of Long Island City; the painting by Mr. William
Douglass. That on Madison square was the earliest completed,
and, seriaz‘im, those on Washington and Tompkins Squares.
These stands are so planned as to contain beneath the platform

a storage space for the seats and iron music desks.

They ' required the preparation of the following Working

Drawings:

260. No. I. Study, design A. Office use, May 13, I870, one-fourt/z inefi.

261. N0. 2. Plan of design A. Office use, May 13, I870, one-fourt/i incfl.

262. No. 3. Study, design B. Office use, May 15, 1870, one-fourt/i inc/i.

263. No. 4. Elevation, design C. Office use, May 15, 1870, one—fourth inc/z.

264. N0. 5. Plan of B and C. Office use, May 15, 1870, one—fourth inc/z.

265. N0. 6. Elevation, design D. Office use, May 15, 1870, one—fouri/z inc/z.

266. N0. 7. Plan of design D. Office use, May 15, 1870, one-fourth inc/z.

267. N0. 8. Plan one-half section and elevation of D. Carpenter, May 25, 1870, one-

lzag'f inc/z.

268. N0. 9. Details of post and parapet. Carpenter, May 25, 1870, full size.

269. N0. IO. Details, scroll and capital. Carpenter, May 25, 1870, full size.

270. N0. 11. Details, finial and ridge crest. Carpenter, May 25, 1870, full size.

271. No. 12. Bracket to eaves. Carpenter, May 26, 1870,1911! size.

272. N0. 13. Details of tracery, front gable. Carpenter, May 26, 1870, full size.

273. N0. 14. Duplicate of N0. 8. Office use, June 4, I870, one-lia/f int/i.

274. N0. 15. Detail of gate in parapet. Carpenter, June 7, 1870, one-lza/f inc/z.

275. N0. 16. Detail of tracery and finial. Carpenter, June 8, 1870, full size.

276. N0. 17. Diagram plan of site, etc. Engineer D. P.- P., June 9, 1870, one-sixteem‘fl imfi.

277. N0. 18. Plan, one-half section and elevation B and C. Carpenter, June 13, 1870,
one-liaif inc/z.

»412

,278. No. 19. Duplicate of same. Office use, June 14, 1870, one-lza/f inc/z.

279. No. 20. Details of plinth. Carpenter, June 13, 1870,]2/[1 size and one-fia/f 23365.

280. No. 21. Post brackets, design B. Carpenter, June 14, 1870, full size and one/mi)”

inc/z. '

281. No. 22. Post brackets, design C. Carpenter, June 14, 1870, one-lial'f and full size.

282. No. 23. Pediment of D, tracery. Carpenter, June 13, 1870, one-eig/zz‘li inc]; and fail
size. _

283. No. 24. Details, posts and chains. Carpenter, June 13, I870, one-eig/zllz inc/z and
full size. '

284. No. 25. Details, iron music-desks. Iron-founder, June 23, 1870, one-IzaZf inc/i.

N0. 26. 7716 ornamental [r072 5627665 in Public Parks—For these
AI prepared designs, acting under the instructions of Mr. Com—
inissioner Dillon, and somewhat guided in style by the seat
brought by him. from Paris, and placed in front of the Worth
monument in Madison Park. A limited number of these seats
have been executed by Messrs. Janes, Kirtland & Co., and are
now placed both in the City Hall Park and in Madison square,
two of them having been coated with bronze, experimentally,
under the process long known in France as the proee’s gel/vana—
plasz‘igue. Another design has since been adopted, many of
which are now being constructed by the Composite Iron Com-
pany. For these first mentioned seats I prepared the following
Plans and Working Details :

285. No. I. Study, design A. Office use, June 29, I870, one-quarter inc/E.

286. No. 2. Studies, designs B and C. Offitc use, June 30, 1870, one—yztarter inc/z.

287. N0. 3. Study, design D (adopted). Office use, July 2, 1870, one-qzzarz’er inc/z.

288. No. 4. Design D, front and side elevation. Iron-founder, July 26, 1870, one-eight};
full size. . .

289. N0. 5. Duplicate of same. Office use, July 26, 1870, one—eaglil/i full size.

290. No. 6. Detail of arm-rod, etc. Iron-founder, July 20, 1870, full size.

291. No. 7. Duplicate of same. Office use, July 21, 1870, full size.

No. 26. Shields and Badges for Park-keepers’ Uniforms—For
these I prepared four or five different designs, and subsequently
an extra shield for Captain and Lieutenant, in harmony with

the first design selected and adopted.

413
They required the following Drawings:

292. No. I. Study for designs A and B. Office use, June 18, 1870, full size.
293. No. 2. Study for design C. Office use,'Ju1y 6, 1870,/Full size.

294. N0. 3. Study, designs D and E. Office use, July 7, 1870, full size.
295. N0. 4. Working detail of D. Manufacturer, July, 1870, full size.

296. No. 5. Design Captain’s shield. iManufacturer, October, 1870.

N0. 27. T/ze Posts and Railing for Triangular Park on Cai-za/ streez‘.
Pursuant to instructions received through the, Engineer-in-Chief,
I altered and adapted the old railing and posts to a modern and

more suitable design, and prepared the following Drawings:

297. Profile of coping and plinth. Mason, D. P. P., September 3, 1870, full size.
298. Detail of iron post. Iron-founder, September 8, 1870, one inc/z:

299. Office duplicate. Office use, September 9, 1870, one inc/z.

300. Detail of same, and railing. Iron-founder, September 8, 1870, full size.

301. Duplicate of same. Office use, September 9, 1870, full size.

N 0. 28. T/ze PVaz‘o/z and Tool Houses 072 Me Bailery aiza’ Tompkins
Square—Being requested, at the beginning of November by the
Vice—President to furnish designs for Park—keepers’ houses of
shelter on the Public Parks, which should also contain storage
places for the workmen’s tools, structures that should be to a
certain extent ornamental, I prepared Plans which were ap—>
proved‘forthwith, and which have just been most Creditably car—
ried out by Mr. J. C. Hoe and Messrs. Janes & Kirtland. The
following Plans and Detail Working Drawings were provided

for these 2

302. No. I. Study of design A. Office use, November 5, 1870, one-quarler inefl.

303. No. 2. Study of design B. Office use, November II, 1870, one-quarz‘er inc/2.

304. No. 3. Plan section elevation, design A. Office use, November 9, 1870, one-guarier
inc/i. ‘ ‘

305. No. 4. Plan section elevation B. Carpenter, November 9, 1870, one-quarier
inc/z.

306. No. 5. Duplicate of N0. 3. Office use, November 30, 1870, oneyuarler inc/z.

307. No. 6. Duplicate of N0. 4. Office use, November 30, 1870, one-quarter inc/z.

308. No. 7. Details brackets and sides. Carpenter, November 30, 1870, full size.

309. N0. 8. Details caves and cornice. Carpenter, November 30, 1870, full size.

310. No. 9. Details chimneys and finials. Iron-founder, December 1, 1870, one-quarter

full size.

414

311. No. 10. Details cresting and hinges. Iron-founder, December 2, I870, one-quarz‘er
full size.

No. 29. The Fountain on Me Plaza-07¢ Fifi/2 avenue, szty~ezglzm
and Fifty-ninth streez‘s.—-In conformity with instructions received,
both from the Executive Committee and Vice-President, I have
prepared tWo designs for this Fountain-basin. The first it was
proposed to execute in the Portland cement, but that idea was,
on reflection, abandoned. Subsequently I modified. my Design,
so as to contain lesser masses, and be lighter altogether in treat-
ment, and in that form modified, the work is now being carried
on under contract by the Bigelow Blue-stone Company, in

their blue and gray Malden stone.

For the above, the following Plans and Working Details

have been prepared:

312. No. I. Study of first design. Office use, October 6, .1870, oize-eigfit/z and one
_ inc/z.
313. N0. 2. Duplicate of same modified. Office use, November 22, 1870, one-eig/zt/z and

one inc/E.

314. No. 3. Working drawing (adopted). Stone-cutter, February 20, 1871, one-ez'g/zt/z I'm/z
and t/zree-fourt/zs inc/z.

315. No. 4. Duplicate of same. Office use, April 7, 1871, one-ez'g/z/lz inc]; and t/zree—
fourl/zs inc/z. .

No. 30. T/ze large Foum‘az'iz on I/ze Cz'z‘y Hall Park—In De-
cember last, in accordance with directions from the Vice-Presi—
dent, I prepared the study of my Design for the above Foun-
tain, using, as my material, granite, a considerable portion of
the surface 'of which will be polished, with candelabra and
ornaments of bronze. I aimed at producing an artistic design,
rich in effects of color, not regarding the fact that the struc-
ture faces the old City Hall, but the new Post-office, which is
to be an elaborate and massive edifice of corresponding granite.
The novelty of the design called up a question of its expe-

diency on the ground of expense, but on taking 507m fide‘

EVV FOU NTA

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415 /
estimates, the excessiveness of the cost was found to be more
ideal than actual, and the work is now being proceeded With

by Mr. Hardwick, the proprietor of extensive granite quarries

at Quincy, Massachusetts.

So far, in connection with this Fountain, the following Plans

and Working Detail Drawings have been issued:

316. No. 1. Study of elevation. Office use, December 8, I870, one-eight}; inc/z.
317. No. 2. General plan of same. Office use, December 9, 1870, one-ezgr/zt/z inc/z.
318. No. 3. Plan for excavation. Mason, D. P. P., November 28, 1870, one-guarier

319. No. 4. Duplicate of same. Office use, November 28, 1870, one—quarter inc/z.
320. No. 5. General elevation and plan. Stone—cutter, January I, 1871, one-Izalf inc/z.
321. No. 6. Details of granite work. Stone-cutter, January I, 1871, one-eig/zt/L full

322. No. 7. Details of angle of pedestal. Stone-cutter, January I, 1871, one-ezg/zt/i
full size.

323. N0. 8. Mason’s plans, foundation walls. Mason, D. P. P., April 1, 1871, one-
lzaZf int/z.

324. N0. 9. Duplicate of same. Office use, April I, 1871, one-Izalf inc/z.

325. N0. 10. Duplicate of No. 5. Office use, April 4, 1871, oizc-lzalf inc/z.

326. N0. 11. Duplicate of No. 6. Office use, April 5, 1871, ozzc—cig/zt/z full size.

327. N0. 12'. Duplicate of N0. 7. Office use, April 6, 1871, o/zc-ez'g/zz‘lz full size.

Thirdly.——I will proceed to specify the kind and quality

of work executed under the heading of

Class C.

No. 31. The Repair Shops, in connection with Sheds and
Stables on Transverse Road No. 3.——A Design and Plans have
already been prepared for these shops, which will accommodate
the carpenter, wheelwri-ght, blacksmith, painter, and a supple—
mentary engine-house on the triangular piece of ground west
of the Keeper’s house of the Croton Department, extending to
the rough: stone bridge carrying the west drive over trans-
verse road. The work, however, rests in abeyance, as the
Engineer-in—Chief is now negotiating through Mr. Tracey. of

the Croton Aqueduct Department, to enable us to include

416

twenty-five or more feet of ground further to the eastward,
thereby considerably extending our area of efficiency. Should
these negotiations succeed, the existing Plans hitherto prepared

will need considerable enlargement.

These Plans are as follows:

328. No. I. General plan and elevation. Office use, December 22, 1870, one-sixteenth

inch.
329. No. 2. Working plan and elevation. Mason, C. P., March 5, 1871, one-quarter

inch.
330. No. 3. Duplicate ‘of same. Office use, April 3, 1871, one-Quarter inch.

NO. 32. Drinkingr Fountain for Horses on Southwest COn-
course, Central Park—This structure, designed and carried out.
under the auspices of the old Board of Commissioners, was
left incomplete; the bronze terminal, so essential to the unity
and completeness of the design, was never marked out in detail,
or contracted for, at the time the stone—work was executed.
That design, as shown in the Eleventh (C. P. C.) Report,
page 16, I have now completed, omitting the gaseliers, for
which provision is made, so they can be added on at any
time after gas; shall have been introduced on the Park. I
earnestly recommend that this terminal be carried out in pure

light bronze.

The Working Details are as follows:

33L No. 1. Elevation of bronze finial. Bronze-worker, April 7, 1871, one inch.
332. No. 2. Sections of various parts of above. Bronze-worker, April 7, 1871, one-
quarter full size.

N0. 33. Cottage for Ladies and Children on the Bertram—A
Design for a Structure affording the above much—needed ac-
commodation has been prepared, and the Working Plan pre-

paratory to a contract got out, as follows:

333. No. 1. Plans and elevations, Designs A and B. Office use, January 17, 1871,
one-eighth inch.
334. No. 2. Werking plan, design B. Carpenter, April 11, 1871, one-eighz‘h inch.

417

. No. 34. lee Deer House, situate on the east meadow at the ,

Central Park—This may, I suppose, be considered the initiatory
step in the proposed fringe of buildings devoted to zoological
purposes surrounding the east. and west meadow on the Central
Park. I have designed,ipursuant to instructions received fron
the Vice—President, after fully consulting with Mr. William Conk-
lin (who has charge of our animals), as to the requirements of
the Red Deer, Antelopes, and VVapiti, which are to be housed
therein. We are now proceedlng to carry out the second of
the two designs prepared, and the necessary Working Plans
are in progress. Thus far, they are as follows for the two

Designs :

335. No. I. Plan and elevation A. Office use, March 23, 1871, one-ezlgM/z z'm/z.
336. No. 2. Plan and elevation, Design B. Office use, March 24, 1871, mze-ez’g/zl/z
inc/z.

No. 35. Bridge 1V0. XXII]. 0% 2726 Cem‘ra/ Park, additions‘
and alterations thereto.——-Consequent on the widening of the
drive from thirty to forty—five feet, we have to build up a
flank wall, topped with a coping and a railing on both sides
of the roadway. I propose the same material as the Bridge
was originally constructed of, namely, Bigelow blue—stone and
'brown—stone, from, we believe, Belleville, N. J. The design
and contract drawings. have been prepared, and estimates are
now being taken for the work. I would add that the design
and appearance of the Bridge is very much improved by the .
addition, to which I have'given as little of the character of

an after—thought as poSsible.

The following plans so far have been made:

337. No. I. General elevation, with addition. Office use, April 10, 1871, ozze-lzalf
inc/2. '

338. No. 2. One—fourth of plan and various sections. Office use, April 12, 1871, one»
lza/f inc/z.

2.7

418 ,
_ 3 a

No. 36. Bridge No. XXV]. 072 Me WE’sz‘ drive, sz‘m/ Park——
This bridge, the wooden superstructure of which is found to
be decaying rapidly, it has been deemed advisable to recon—
struct in rough Cyclopeanniasonry of Park stone, similar to
the original substructure. The following Working Drawings

have been issued: '

339. General study of alteration. Mason, C. P., April, 1871, one-fourz’lz inc/z.
34o. Detail of stone work. Mason, C. P., April, 1871, ouc-fom‘l/z z'lzc/z.
341. Detail of iron railing. Iron—founder, April, 1871, one—fourf/z inc/z.

Fourthly and lastly, I would enumerate the Designs at
preSe‘nt before the Vice—President and Executive Committee,
which have not as yet been acted upon, and which I comprise

under the heading of

Class D.

No. 37. 7716 Large Casino, 07’ Rész‘aurmzz‘, (ll—fresco, proposed
to be erected on the plateau east of the old reservoir, en-
tral Park:

342. No. I. General plan and elevation, Design A. Office use, March I, 1871, one-

sz'gteent/z z'lzr/z. .
343. No. 2. Elevation, Design B. Office use, March 4, I871, one-sixteenf/z inch

344. No. 3. General plan, Design B. Office use, March 4, 1871, one-sz’xlemz‘lz inc/z.

345. No. 4. Elevation, Design C, Swiss. Office use, March 5, 1871, omnsz'xz‘emt/z inc/z.

346. No. 5. Elevation, D, Italian. Office use, March 16, 1871, one—sixtemzf/z z'm/z.

347. No. 6. Study in perspective, Design E. Office use, March 20, 1871, one-sz'xz‘eem‘fi
inc/z.

348.. No. 7. General plan, Design E. Office use, March 20, 1871, one—sixz‘eeizt/L inc/z.
349. No.8. Elevation of half design, F. Office use, March 28, I871, o7ze—sz'xz‘emt/z
‘ inc/z.

No. 38. T/zc- Orizammz‘al Cloc/c to be erected on the oval
at south end of Mall, Central Park.

Three Designs have been prepared for the above, as follows:

350. No. 1. Elevation, Design A. Office use, December 13, 1870, one-fialf inc/z.
351. No. 2. Elevation, Design B. Ofifice use, December 29, I870, one-lzalf inc/z.
352. No. 3. Plan, Design B. Office use, December 29, 1870, ozzera/fz'm/z.

 

'419

No. 39. T/ze S/ze/z‘er to protect the statue of \Vashington by
Crawford, for which only a Preliminary Study has been pre-
pared for a Structure in glass and iron, roofed with slate, and
iefficiently protecting the statue, in itself twenty—four feet high.

353. No. I. General plan, elevation and sections. Office use, March, 1871, one—six-

z‘c'enf/z inc/e.

No. 4:). Designs for Ornamental Drinking Fountains in Public
Parks for man and beast—Having received instructions to pre—
pare designs for the above purpose from the Commissioners,
through Mr. Commissioner Dillon, I made three separate
studies, two for iron work, to be bronzed by the Ona’ry-gezl—
vane—plastic process, and one to be carried out in granite,
which I prefer and recommend, both on the score of durability
and cleanliness.

For these the following Drawings were prepared:

354. No. 1. Two studies, Design A. Office use, July I, 1870, one-eig/zt/z full size.
355. N0. 2. Two studies, Design B. Office use, July 5, I870, one-ez'g/zt/z full size.
353. N3. 3. Elevation and plan, C. Office use, July 30, 1870, one—ezlg/zt/L fqr/l size.

NC. 41. Ornmnenz‘d/ [nelosnre to the statue of Lincoln, in
Union square—This inclosure, which was first mooted in a
meeting of the Board last fall, has been designed, and I pro-
pose to carry out the Design in granite and bronze, as material
worthy and fitting for a Structure so permanent and monumental
in its character. Within the inclosure, and on all four sides
of the square pedestal, are podia holding polished Peterhead
granite vases, to be kept fresh with living flowers, as a per—
petual offering to the object of respect and veneration which
they surround.

For this, the following Drawings are prepared:

357. No. 1. Elevation of railing and wall. Office use, January 30, 1871, one—lmlf
inc/z.
358. No. 2. General plan of inclosure. Office use, January 31, 1871, one-lza/f inc/z.

420

N0. 42. 7726 An‘ flfuse‘zmz’, various Preliminary Studies on
the site proposed by former Board. This site having now, as
I am informed, been dispensed with, as tending to obstruct too
much of the Park surface with buildings, I shall merely record
the Drawings prepared, in which I was very much guided, as
to plan and arrangement, by what has heretofore been done at

South Kensington, in England.

As far as they have gone, the Plans prepared are as fol—
lows:

359. No. 1. General block plan. Office use, April, 1870, fifty feet 2‘0 one inc/z.
360. No.2. Preliminary study, plan in detail. Office use, May, 1870, one lzzma’rm’

feet to l/zree inc/m.
361. No.3. Portion of elevation, picture gallery. Office use, May, 1870, one—quark?”

inc/z.
362. No. 4. The same with basement. Office use, May, 1870, one—quarter inc/z.
363. N0. 5. General study for dome. Office use, May, 1870, one—guarz‘cr inc/z.

No. 43. 27% xlfe’rc/zmzz‘s’ Gala’, at the intersection of Eighth"
avenue with Fifty-ninth street—For the Design as intended, I
have prepared so far, the following plans:

364. No. I. General plan of sweep. Office use, April, 1870, one—quark? inf/z.
365. No. 2. Elevation of pier and railing. ffice use, May, 1870, 0726‘ inc/z.
366. No. 3. General elevation developed. Office use, May, 1870, one-Quarter inc/z.

No. 44. T/ze [Music Pavilion for the Battery.—-This Design,
which was prepared originally with the former, is square on
plan and less ornate in character than those on the up—town
Parks. The Drawings are as follows:

367. No. I. General plan, Design A. Office use, May 9, 1870, one-quarter z'mfl.
368. No. 2. Elevation, Design A. Office use, May 10, 1870, one-guarler inc/z.
In addition to which, the following full and ample specifi—

cations have been prepared for the various above works:

CLASS A. 21 specifications. CLASS C. 4 specifications.
“ B. 7 specifications. “ D. none.

421

In recapitulation, therefore, the sum total of the year’s work
foots up as forty—four (44) separate Structures and Items de-
signed, in progress of construction, or constructed, for which
three hundred and sixty—eight (368) Plans, Designs, or Working
Drawings have been prepared, some of them exceedingly in-
tricate and elaborate, and in all cases thoroughly well figured,
and in addition to the drawings we have prepared thirty—two

(3 2) specifications.

In conclusion, allow me to, bear testimony to the zeal,
fidelity, and devotion to this Bureau shown by the Superin-
tending Architect, Mr. Julius Munckwitz, whose exertions in

attending to such multifarious structures have been unremitting.

In conclusion, further, I would remind you that it was
August the 16th before we moved this Bureau to our present
offices, and that time was necessarily lost during the intermediate
state of things whilst we were vacating Nassau street; that I
was four days absent in Washington, where I went accompanied
by the late.Mr. Pilat, to inspect the conservatory erected in
the Botanical Gardens; also, that but three days during the
year have been lost through sickness, excepting the two weeks
during which Mr. Munckwitz lay prostrate, entirely through

over-zeal and care in the discharge of his duties.
I have the honor to subscribe myself, Sir, faithfully and
respectfully yours,
JACOB VVREY MOULD,
Arc/zz'z‘e’cl-z'm-C/zz'cfi D. P. P.

 

REPORT

OF THE

)SUPERINTENDENT OF fiQUARES AND jDLACES.

 

REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF SQUARES
AND PLACES.

'CITY OF NEW YORK,
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS,
265 Broadway.

BUREAU OF SQUARES AND PLACES, April 22, 1871.

HON. PETER B. SWEENY,

Preside/22‘ of Dcpartmem‘ of Public Parks :

SIR z—The Superintendent of Bureau of Public Squares and
Places, in accordance with instructions of the Commissioners of
the Department of Public Parks, respectfully submits the fol-

lowmg report:

By the by—laws of the Commissioners of the Department
of Public Parks, all the Public Squares and Places within
the City of New York, with the exceptiOn of the Central Park
and Mount Morris Square, were placed under the charge and

’authority of this Bureau.

During the late civil war, most of these Squares and Places
were used for a long period for recruiting stations, barracks,
and other military purposes, and were consequently much muti-
lated and their attractions destroyed, in which unsightly con—

dition they were permitted to remain.

 

426

Since the induction to office of the present Commissioners
of the Department of Public Parks, the work of remodeling
and ornamenting the Public Squares and Places is progress-
ing, and; it is presumed, will be completed during the [present

~yean

The enumeration of the Squares and Places under the

charge and authority of this Bureau, is twenty-three, viz.:

Battery, nearly completed.

Bowling Green, completed.

City Hall Park, nearly completed.

Five Points Plaza, in course of construction.
Beach Street Park, completed.

Canal u u u

l‘ U (C

Duane

Washington Square, in course of construction.

U (K H a

Union
Tompkins “ “ “ “
Cooper Park, completed.

Stuyvesant Squares, in course of construction.
Fourth Avenue Parks, completed.

Broadway and Sixth Avenue, completed.’
Reservoir Square, in course of construction.
Abingdon “ ‘f ’ “ ' “
'Christopher Street Park, “ “

High Bridge “ “ “
Morningside, “ “ “
Worth Monument Plaza.

(‘

Washington “

‘6 (K

Lincoln

The areas of the foregoing, and also the minutiae of all

 

427

particulars of matters relating to. work of construction in said

Parks, are embraced in the submitted reports of other bureaus.

The Open—air Concerts of instrumental music provided" by
the Commissioners for the peOple of New York in the different
Public Squares under this'Bureau, were enthusiastically appre—
ciated, and were largely attended by our citizens, the aggregate
number during the entire season of 1870 being estimated to ex-

ceed I ,ooo,ooo.

For the benefit of our citizens, Settees of improved styles,
and made of iron, and also Public Conveniences of new inven—
tion, have been provided and placed in all the different Squares

and Places.

The force maintained and requisite, at present, for the care
of,'and the preservation of the beauty, neatness, and cleanli-
ness in the Squares and Places, numbers forty.

WM. L. WILEY,

Superz’nimdmz‘ of Squares and Places.

 

 

 

CDBHUBBE’EU

 

 

 

 

”a“

N.