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THE

Qomplete Gard’ner;

D R,"
Direétions for 'cu LTI VATI NC
A ND '

Right ORDERING
FRUITGARDENS

AND

KITCHEN GARDENS.

 

By Mohﬁenr 'Deé‘lg Qintinye.

 

Now Compendiouﬂy Abﬁdg’d, and made .of more
Ilfe, with very Conﬁderable Improvements.

 

By George London, and Henri} Wz/e.

 

 

 

@152 fourth dilution mgrmn.

LONDON,

Printed for Andrew Bell, at the O'ofs-Kcy: and Bib/e
1n Combzll, near Stocks—Market, 1704.

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, . ,- 7 7, $361:
E’An AdVertifementof j’. Evebn, Efq ; L32. “
E5 to the Folio Edition of Monﬁeur 1.2: f' WT -'
www- . + -
E Arie}.

5: ‘ Cannot conceive but it ‘n‘tuﬂ need: he a very accepm. a
hle Advertifement, and of Univerﬂzl Concern to ,sLJ‘cmry
all Noble men, and Per/on: of Quality, Lovers of Gare .3
i dens, and Improvers of Plantation:'( of all Diverﬁon:
and Employments, the mo]? Natural, Ufeful, Innocent
." and Agreeable)‘ at what Diﬂanee foever (front a Place » z
(f [0 eafy and fpeedy Correﬁiondenee, and which iefo'
near this great Ci?! ) to give this~ Notice. ‘ a
That of all I have itherto ﬁremeither atHonz’e orAhroad ;
. or found by Reading many Boo/espuhli/h’d on this Suhjeﬂ,
pretending to ﬂoat: of Nurferiesand Plantations for ﬂare
and variety; Diretlion: for the De/igning(‘or a: they tern:
,it)theﬂcillful making, plating, laying-out, and difpoﬂng
of a Ground to the bell Advantage; In a word, for what-
foever were defireahle for the Furniture offueh aground,
j with the moﬂ excellent and Warantable Fruit (I fay
Warantable; becaufe it is peeuliary due to their hand?
‘ Indie/by, and fo rarely to he met with eyewhere) and
other Aeeeﬂorie: to Garden: of all Denominations, a:
in that Vaﬂ, ample Colleaion which I have lately feen,
and well can/ider’d at Brampton Park near Kenﬁng:
‘ ton : The very ﬁght of which alone, give: an Idea of l
fonzething that i: greater than I 'ean well expref:3 with-2
out an enumeration of Particular: ;and of ' the exceed. +
ing Induﬂry, Method and Addref: of tho/e who have
undertaken, and Cultivated it for public]: Ufe : I mean
Mr. George London (eheif Gardner to their Majeﬂies)
and his Aﬂoeiate Mr, Henry Wife: For I have long oh-
ferv’d (from the daily praaiee, and eﬂeﬁ: of the lau-
‘ dable Induﬂry of the/e tw; Partners) that they have not

made

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if" 018 ‘ i

 

fag?" < :, v '<

._.——
’19.}79'2‘

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l ' ‘ Au tenement or y.

. ntade Gain the only mark of their Paine; But with Extra.

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V‘B‘vejlyn, Efq ;

 

Ordinary, and rare Indie/try, endeavour’d to improve
themjelves in, the Myﬂeriet of their Profeﬂion, from the
great, Advantages, and now Experience they have had,-

‘ in being Employ’d in moﬂ of the celebrated Garden:

‘and Plantations which this Nation abound: in, be/ides
what they have. learn’d Abroad , where Horticulture
is in highejz‘ Reputation. ,
‘ I ﬁnd they not only underﬂand the Nature and Genius
of the feveral Soils, but their ufual Inﬁrmities, proper
Remedies, Compoﬂt and A plication: to Reinvigorate ea:-
hau/ied Mould waeeten t e foul and tainted,and reduce
the S ower, Har/h, Stubborn and Dry, or over moi/l and
diluted Earth, to it’s genuine Temper and (”on/litution;

~ and what Afpet‘i‘t, and Situations are proper for the [eve-

ralfort: of Mara/,8 tandord,Dwarf,and other Fruit-trees.
, They have made Obfervations, and given me a Spe-
cimen of that long (but hitherto) wanting particular, of
Difcriminating the feveral kind: of Bruits, by their
Charaﬁeriﬂical Note;, from a long and Critical Obfer-
roation of the Leaf, Tali, Colour, and other diﬁingui/h-
ing Qualities ; So 'a: one ﬂan/l not be irnpot’d upon with
Fruits of Several Names7 when a: in truth, t fre it but
one due to them. For iii/fence, in Pears alone, a Gentle-
man in the Country/end; to the Nurferiesforthe Liver
Blanch Pignigny de chouille, Ratau blanc, Ei’c. the
Euglifh St. Gilbert, CtanbOurn Pears (and feveral other
names) when all this while, they are no other than the
well known Cadillac. The fame alfo hap’ning in Peaches,
Apples, PIUmS, Cherries, and other Fruit 5 for want of
an accurate examination (by comparaing of their Taﬂe,

‘ and thofe ‘othet‘ Indications I have mentioned) For which

Gentlemen’complain (and not without eaufe ) that the
Nurléryman abafe them, when ”ti: their Ignorance,
or the Exotic Name of which they are fo fond. ‘
I ﬁnd they have likewife apply’d them/elves to attain

a ﬁgﬁcicm Maﬂery in Limes and Piguretfhr general
' defygn,

, An Advrrnfement of}. Evelyn, El‘q;
I, deﬁgn, and expeditious Methods for caﬂing and leveling
; of Grounds ,and to bring them into the moﬂ apt form they
are capable of 5 which requires a particular Addreﬁ, and
' to determine the beﬂ Profortions of W alks and Avenues,
Stars, Centers, 819. futa [e to the lengths; and how, and
% withwhatmaterials,zvhetherGravel,Carpet,€>"c.tobelayed.
' They/have a numerous Collet‘lion of the bcﬂ Deﬁgns,
‘ and I perceive are able of themfelves to Draw, and con-
. trive other, applicable to the places, when buﬁe Works,
and Patternsof Imbroidery for the Cor0nary and Flower
‘ Gardens are proper or deﬁred. And where Fountains,
Statues, Vafas, Dials, and other decorations ofﬂhgm’ﬁ,
cence are to be plac’d with mo/i advantage. ‘

To this add a plentiful and choice Collegian of Orange-

\ trees, Limon, Mertil, Bayes, JaH‘mines, and all other
Rarities, and Exotics, requiring the Confervatory 5
after they haveembellijh’t their proper ﬂations abroad du-
ring the Summer, and for continuing a no [ifs ornament
in the Green-Houfe during Winter.

The): have a very brave and noble Ageinbly of the
Flowery and other Trees, Perennial and variegated
Evert Greens and jhrubs, hardy, and ﬁttcﬂ for our
Climate ; and under/land what be]? to plant the

, humble Bofcage, Wildernefs, or taller Groves with :
Where, and how to diqufe, and o..vern them according
as Ground, and ﬁtnation of the place requires hoth
ﬁtr jhelter and ornament. For which purpo/e ( and for

Walks and Avenues) they have ﬂare of Elms, Limes,

. Plants, Conﬁantinople-Chefnuts, Black Cherry
trees, 592‘. A

Nor are they, I perceive, le s knowing in that mo/l
ufeful (though left pompous part of Horticulture ) the
Potagere, Meloniere, Culinarie Garden: Where 1’7”,”

jhould my} properly -be plac’d for the afe of the
Family; how to be planted, furni/h’d and Cultivated f}
as to aﬁhrd great pletJure to the Eye, as well as pro/it
to the Ma er. And they have alfo Seeds, Bulbs.

’ Roors.

   

“new mm ..H AngaxmA'A.

'y ‘(7’rlz_l\";mw‘n‘ mm:

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An Advettxfement of]. Ewehn, Efq;
Roots, «Slips, for the Flowry Garden, and am; how
they-ought to he order’d and maintain’d.

Laﬂly, I might fuper-add, the great number of Grounds '
and Gardens cgf'Noble-nten and Perfons of Quqlizy,
which they have made flamed ab Otigine, and are

ill under their Care on infpet‘lion (though at Conﬁdg.
rable Dtﬂances) and how exceedingly they pro/per, :0
juﬂiﬁe what I have ﬂzid in their behalf. ’

And as for the Nurfery part in Voucher, and to make
good what I have [aid on that particular, one needs no
more than take a Walk to Bromton Park (upon a fair
Morning) to behold, and admire what a Magazine
thzfe Indu/irious Men have provided, ﬁt for age, and
Choice in their [everal Claﬂes; and all within one In-
clofure : Such an Aﬂentbly I believe, as is no where elfe’
to- be ‘ntet with in this Kingdom, nor in an)l other that
I know of.

‘I cannot thereﬁtre forbear to Publi/h (after all the
Encomiums of this great Work of Mounf. de la Quins
tinye, which I confcfs are very ju/i) what we can, and
are able to perform in this part of Agriculture, and ,
have fame Amoenities and advantages peculiar to our
own‘, which neither France, nor anyrother Countrey can
attain to -, and is much due to the Induﬂry of Mr. London
and Mr. Wife, and to fuel) as jhall imitate their Lau-
dable Undertaking. .

Be this then for their Encouragement, and to gratifie
fuch as may need or require their Aﬂiﬂance.

J. EVELYN.Z

 

Place this between pag to, and 1; before the De§
fence of Gardens.

 

 

-,i
AN
ADVERTISEMENT
‘ TOTHE

Nobility and Gentry.

been in fo great ef’teem, it’s obfervable, that
. many who have planted Flair-Tracy, have
been difappointed in their hopes; for after they have
been at the charge of making-and planting their Gar-
« dens, they then ofcourfe expeE’t fuccefs, both in their
Trees and Fruit; tho’ the proper means for bath be
~ufually negleéted.
, We have notonly obferv’d thefe Dz' appointments; but
as much as in us lay, have given our Cautions, ei‘pecial.
ly to Gentlemen that have deﬁred our Opinion : And
now out ofa true regard to the publiclt, in refpec‘t of
Gard’ning, we communicate to the World thefe our
Obfervations, which tho’ few, wehope may be of‘ufe.
In the ﬁrﬁ place we think ﬁt to remark that we
have gone through the Works of our learned Author

OF late Years; ﬁnce Gard’ning aud Planting have

with/all the exaétnefs we pofﬁbly could, abl’craE’cing

out of each Title, or general Head, all that is ufeful 5
and have reduc’d into a proper method, that in which
the Original is To prolix and interwoven, that the
Reader was rather tir’d than inform’d. -

a Second:

 

 

iii 7 'Advei'tifement to
Secondly, the Author fometimes dwells to long

upon fome one Fruit, that he often paffes by anOther "

‘l
C

that is equally as good, without fo much as giving the :

leaﬁ defcription of it -, which Deﬁciency we have en-
deavour’d to fupply.

To which we {hall add fomething, as to the Oh-
fervations we have made of the Mifcorriogor and Dif-

appointment: that Planters meet with: Which may be '.

reduc’d into thefe three heads.

Fitlt, The hell, or fpropereﬁ fort of Fruit, are not al--
ways made choice 0 to plant, but often the contrary.

Secondly, They are not well manag’d, and order’d
after they are planted.

Thirdly, Some Seafons of late Years have prov’d
very bad, and may fpoil the Fruits; tho’ the greatef’t
Care and Skill that’s poilible be us’d about them. .

Fitll, The bell or properelt fort of Fruit for each :

Expoﬂtion, are not always made choice of to plant;
but often the contrary. -

Gentlemen Coming-to London at the Seafons ofPlom‘ ,
ing, and obferving often that Bundles of Trees are :
ﬁanciing at the Soak-Mm Shops, or at leal’t meeting ;;
with fome of their Printed Catalogues, in which they ‘
make large oﬁ‘ers of the Sale of all their forts of Fruit- .
Tree’s, Ever-groom, Flowering Shrubs and Roots; but :
with what Certaint any one may depend upon the s
Truth of whatis o et’d, or what Reai'on they fhould .
have to buy of them rather than of the Gord’mr, we ;
leave them to judge; knowing very well that none of ’

thoi'e grow in their Shops.

Another ﬂirt of Men there be, that ply about the‘
Exchange and IVo/Iminﬂor Hall, lbme of which ne-
vet fail of having all forts of Fruit Tree: that you {hall
want, tho’ they have not a Foot of‘La/zd: Not but

that there are fome of thofe who have Ground of their

oWn, wherein they raile Tron.

There

'“HFTT’W.

,»m"m'-"""-

I at Nehility and Gentry; iii

There are alfo thofe Gentlemen who fend direE’cly
to a Nudeiy-mn for fuch and fuch forts of Fruit
Trees, not knowing what the iorts are which they fend
for, but as it is too often feen, one Fruit being call’d
by the name of another, they fend for fuch forts of
Fruit which they have taﬁed under thofe Names 5 but
it being a mil’take, and the Fruit: they fend for per.

‘ . haps of the Worﬂ Sorts, or not in the leaﬂ ﬁt for the

Expoﬁtiwz allotted them, or it may be inl’tead of the
bei’t, they only fend for thofe that are properly ﬁt for
baking, this We know, and hate fent them the defcrip.‘
tl’ons of thevery fame Fruit: they haVe fent for thro’
their Miﬂake, Which hath foon caufed them to change
their Opinion, and forthwith make choice of thol'e
forts that have been more proper for them.

As for Inﬂance, there came a Letter from a Perfon
of Honour in Scotland, to fend him the feveral forts
of Fruit-Trees mention’d in his Catalo ue, wherein
Were twelVe forts of Peaches, .of Which ix Were ﬁrch‘i
as ripen With us very late, as Malecotoe/z Peach, which
is not worth any ones planting, and fome Others of late
kinds, Whereas we ﬁnd by experience that thofe latter
Peaches hardly ever ripen here 5 and what can be
imagin’d will the fuccefs of them be, When they are
planted fo far North? molt certain that Noble Lord
would never have fent for thofe forts, had his Lord-
fhip had the leaﬁ knowledge of them.

Now it may be fome of thofe forts of late ripe
Fruit, that are prOper neither for the Soil nor Expcﬂcre,
are fent according to their order, and Planted, and
very often the {pace of time between the Planting
and their Bearing may be fome Years, in which time
they have forgor What T rec: they fent for 5 but it
may be the Trees thrive very well, and there is great
expeétation of fome ﬁne Fruit, but when the Emir is
ripe, and at its full Maturity, all their expeétarions
are frul’trated, for, perhaps a hafh gritty chfoaky

a 2 cm",

(.7

.m- "H“ \

iv TAdvertz'ﬁment to

' Pare, alate watery Peach, or. a lower Plum; then the

Nafmy-mn is prefently ﬂav’d and condemn’d for a
cheating Knave, for fending them fuch forts of bad

,Frm'z, when at the fame time they were the very fame

forts they fent for.

There is allb a fort of Men who call theml‘elves Gar-
dbzerr, and of them nota few, who having wrought at
labouring work at the new making of fome Ground, or
in aGarde/z, where a great many hands are employ’d,
and alter the young Beginner hath exercifed the Spade

. and the Barrow for twelve Months or there-abouts, he

then puts on an Apron, fets up i0r a profelled Grad’zzer,
anda place he mul’t have ; he hears fome honell Conn.
try Gentleman is in London, and wants a Gnrd’izer, he
gOes to him, and tells him his Story, of what great
matters he is capable of, and that he hath been at the
new making of fuch a Ground, and fuch a great piece
of Work he manag‘d, and it may begetsa favourable
Letter, or at lealt fome recommendation from fome of
thofe Sellers of Tram before mention’d -, f0 then he is
hir’d, and his Mallet tells him he has brought to Town
with him a Nore of fome Fruit Tree: that he {hall
want, and asks him if he knows the belt Sorts, (his
Anfwer is, be kam- them feet wet?! ) and has f0 much
Impudence as to mmefome fort or other, right or wrong.

Now this Lil} is font to the szﬂvy-man, and if
he makes any Scruple of ﬁnding the fame Sorts, it’s
judgﬂ he’s loath to fend out his belt Fruity, for the
Genrisman thinks that his Gauthier hath all the reafon
in the 'l’llorld to make choice of the belt Sorts of
Pkwy/r, and therefore hate them he will, now if the
i‘r’a/E’ry—zimz hath no: thel}: Sorts, he is lbrced to buy
their : So that in this, and other-like Cafes,a szrfe-
(ya-1..» is ohlig’d to rai it: a lhpply ol’ lome very indif-
lérciii', ct had torts of tiny/r. ! my to ferte thefe Pur-
poles. This is lizrtiticnt, without medling any
further, to gleznonl‘trate how far this Gentleman is

intpos’d

_ , tbe Nobility and Geﬁfty. v,
, impos’d upon, even at the ﬁrﬂ: Prep, and this we do
aﬂirm to be true of our own knowledge, thole Men

having wrought with us 3 and of thofe Northern Lads
much is owrng to their Impudence.

 

Secondly, That Fruit-Tram are not well order‘d
and manag’d after their being Planted.

There he fome Gentlemen who fend for the bell:
forts of Plait-Tree: from aJVinfezy-Mazz, or Gard ’aer,
and accordingly the Trees are lent, and perhaps tie
DireE’tions for placing them againﬁ the Walls, which
they properly require, and are afterwards Planted, but . ,
let us inquire how they are planted and order’d.

It may be thofe Trees that are IEt are planted againﬂ l
fome old Walk, where other Trees haVe dyed the Year
before, now what is done in this cafe, why Holes are
made jul’t where the other Treesﬁood, and the Tree ~
Planted, the odds is more than ten to one whether - i
thefe Tree: ever come to‘anfwer expeéiation. I

Or if it be a new Wall, then it may be a Tread) is 7
dug in Clay, or Gravel, according as the Gram] ismf
two or three Poor wide, and ofa proportionable depth,
fo that the Borders are. ﬁll’d up, with good Earth, and
there the Trees are {0 planted, that by that time the -
Trees come to bear, their Root: have got to the extent
of the good Earth, and then return back again, by
which the Fruit becomes fmall, bad, and of no relilh.

But in thofe places where the Border: are made of
a proper Dept}; and Width, and with good Earth, and,
the Trees carefully meted, it may be inl’tead ol' the
Trees being carefully headed at the moﬁ proper time,
they are not beaded at all, but Rand with their Hand:
on'all Summer, or if they are, it may be inﬁlead of
being carefully water’d all Su‘mmer, the Border: are
full 0f Weeds, or if clear from Weeds, then it any
be a Crop of Peafe and Beam are fown and planted up:
on them -,‘ or if a Garden of Pleafure, then the Borders-

a 3. are

 

eduw...‘ 4i _

vi ' . ‘Advertifément to

are ﬁll’d up with the feveral varieties of great growing
flowerr, which fuck the noutifhment from the Trees,
and utterly deliroy all good Fruits.

‘ There might be many more Inﬂances inferred of
this Nature, of all which we have been Eye Witneffes,
and too often feen thefe negleé’ts in the feveral Pldlz'
yeti am we have feen managid, without mentioning the
great abufe which Fruit ’I‘rce: fuller for want of being
well prun’d, and the Fruit: carefully pick’d, and Other
negleé’ts of this Nature; for in truth it’s rare to fee
theleworks well perform’d.

Thitdly, T hat fome Seafons of late Years have
proved'verykbad, and may have f oiled the Fruit: tho’
the greatel’t Care and Skill had een us’d about them
that was poiﬁble.

As to the difﬁculty of the Seafons, if we fuppofe the
belt Fruit Tree: to be planted and manag’d with the
greateﬁ Care and Diligence, the Ground ﬁrﬂ of all
mﬂm®w¢aMEMMhmmemQMMMn
fnch Stacks as are molt prepet t0 the nature of the
Ground, and the feveral kinds planted againﬁ the
Walls properly where they fhould he, and afterwards
skilfully prun’d, and as often as is needful, the fuper-
ﬁuous Fruit pick’d off, and on more left on each Tree-
than it can well bring to perfeElion, to be fair and
good, when all thefe direEtions are duly obferv’d,
yet by ‘reafon of rm badnefs of Seafons, by Cold, or »
too rhnch Rain, many of the Fruit often prove watery, '
inﬁpid, and worth little or nothing.

' Thefe following Fruits are known to be the belt
of their Kinds, and when well manag’d, and the
Seafrn favourable, there is none that do exceed them,

we. .

grabs-é

r Minion.
XI; 1‘11“" }Magdalen.
Montabon.
Peaches» < Belchevereufe.

‘ _ Burdine.
Admitable.‘

LOld Newington.
3% Red Roman.

 

 

\

Violet Haﬁive.
-. Brinion Roundl
rVirgoulee.
l Le Chalfery.
_ Ambret.
St. Genuine.

Efpine.

Carlieine.
Colmar.
5 La Marquifs.
:- Buree.

LVert Longue.

Next

Pearr.

A

 

 

Thefe feveral Fruit-Tree: we have had growing in
our own Plantation at Brampton-Fwd, and. others,
where no Skill, Colt, or Pains have been wanting; yet
we do afﬁrm that in fome bad Seafons, feveral of the
aforemention’d Fruits have had little or no Relnh or
Flavour in them, nay infomuch. that if our felves, and
orhers,had not gather’d good Fruit from the fame Trees,
in more favourable Summers before, and knew them
to be the true kinds, one might have been decelV d a
and if a {hanger had tailed thB Fruit b9th 111 3 Flow
and a bad Seafon, he would not have believed that the
fame Trees could produce fo dilierent Fruits. .

Now if it be fo, that in fome bad Seafons the F r 1” t

proves very indifferent, tho’ it meet with the belt
a 4 ufage

tbe Nobility and Gentry; vii

w I

 

vnr , Advertifement ta-

ufage. ' what can be laid to thofe Men who expeé‘t
, every Year to have the belt of Fruit, without taking
due «Regard to the managing of them, who in P1a72t~
tug of them, do nor conﬁder to plant Peaches,
Pears, ﬁle. to the feveral Afpcﬂr, againﬁ the Walls,
which they do properly require? f0 that inﬁead of
Planting them againl’t a South-Wall, they are often
{$271301 againll a North, North-Ea , or North-Way?
al ?

Again, Others hearing that the aforementioned
Pear: are the very bel’t forts, they many times fend
for them, and plant them to be wa‘fr, and not
againf’t-a Wall, whereby when they come to bear,
the Fruit generally comes not to its due PerfeEtion,
whereupon the Gard’mr that fold the Tree: is blam’d .
and counted a .Rogue for Selling them fuch bad
Kinds. ‘

But whereas the mof’t Ingenious Monﬁeur De la
gummy lays, that he has taf’ted above goo feveral’
forts of Pears, (liii‘erent one from another, with:
our ﬁnding above thirty forts that are Excellent -, he
likewife inferts, that great Allowances mull be made
to the ﬁcklenefs of Seafons, ol‘ which we are not
the Mailers -, as alfo oi' the Diverﬁty of Soil: and
Climates, which is almoﬁ inﬁnite, and to the Na-
ture of the Stat]: of the Trev, and lallly to the Man-
nsr m Figure in which the feveral Trees grow and
produce,

They are all points that require a great deal of
' Conﬁderatiou, and very qiick Senfe to ballance the
Opinion ol’ [hole that would judg of them. There are
fometimes 'll Pear: among the Hamlets, L6 Chaf-
{i‘riag Jill/'57 in}. Tbonl Pt’u‘l’s, are. and but fear-
vr'y. .l.‘y’”r"]"2,3‘ 2:71;; the 115722075, ﬂ-lagdnlem, Violets;
Admins.) ss, 5::. and lid Plum among the Perth/gram,
tome bad Gap: among the Mir/cats, and bad Pigs
among thoi‘e that are molt eﬂeem’d.

This

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the Nobility and Gentry; ix ,

This WY 13313335 aﬁOnil’h fome Curious Perfong but, f

A tho” it; a certain fort e; good Fruit there may be Iome’
‘deteEtive, yet it {bltows not from hence that the whole-

Kind flied-ti be rejcé’ted, for a Pratt may prove
lll one Yar, or in luch certain Expoﬁtzom, which

‘may have appear’d good feveral Years before, lb on

the other hand, that Fruit which was good this Year,
Was not to be endur’d for fome preceding Years.
Now to prevent, as much as in us lies, and put a ,
ﬂop to thefe grand Diforders for the future, and to
direE’c our Nobility and Gentry into a true Method,
how to prepare the Earth, and make their GrOund

, ﬁt for planting, and how to have good Thee; where-

by they ma y have real Saute to rejoice in the Event.

Take the following Rules, with what you’ll meet
with in the Abridgement, which may be fuﬂicient
Direé’cions for all young Planters.

rﬂ. A's to the preparing and making your Ground
ﬁt for Pitlﬂfiﬂg. .

In all the Plantations that we have had to do.
with, or have obferved, we have found by Expeti-
ence, That when young Trees are planted in the fame
Earth that others have died in, they feldom or ne-

. vet fucceed well in it, fo that in this Cafe, the only

and bell way will be to take out all the old, worn—
out, or exhauﬁed Earth, about 4, 5, or 6 Foot Dia-

meter, and of a proportionable Depth, that is Where

you deﬁgn to Plant your Tree, and take fome good
frelh Earth to ﬁll the hole up: The bell Earth for

, this Ufe is a fort of rich fandy Loam, which may

be taken near the Surface of fome rich Paﬁure
Ground where Cattle have been fed or forher’d, or
of fome rich Sheep Walk, where there is a Depth
of Earth,and if it is mix’d with a little old Mel/ow
Earth, or the like, it may do well, or Cow or Horle
Dung may likewife do well if it is quite rotten, fo
as to be like Earth, but of this a fmall Quantity, as

one

 

x Adverti/Ement to

on part in four or ﬁve, and fo rotten that it may not
be difcern’d to be Dung but Earth.

This fort of Earth ought to be prepar’d and to lie
fome time on a heap before planting, and if you have
Conveniency, to keep it from great Gluts'of Wet,
f0 that when you come to ufe it, it may be dry,
and being well wrought and turn‘d over, it becomes
ﬁne, and in uﬁng, ﬁlls up the Vacancies between the
Roots.

This Earth is of great. ufe where Ground cannot be
brought into a ﬁt condition for planting, by reafon of
its being over moiﬂ‘, and will not admit of being
well wrought, till fuch time as the Sealbn for plant-
jttg will be over, and fometimes in a very dry Spring
when the Work is undertaken late, fo that the
Earth of it felf in the ground, will not admit of
platttittg, and having a Stock or this fort of Earth fo
well prepared and ordered, the plantiag may very
well go on, and by which a Year’s time is fav’d: For
having to each Tree only f0 much of this Earth to co-
ver the Rout: of the Tree, and fix him lb that he may
ﬁand ﬁrm, the rel’t may be done at a time when the
Weather will better admit of‘ it.

After thefe Trt’er are well Mama] in this Earth,
and having good halErotten Dung near at hand, lay
on a Coat of about three or {our Inches thick, after.
Wards laying on a i'prinkling of Earth of about an
Inch thick, and above that lay on ham or old Straw
, ﬁve or ﬁx Inches thick, or thereabouts, and two or
three Foot every way from the SIM/I of the Tree
then lay on a few great Stones, which will be 0%
pie to keep the Wind from blowing off the Fara or
Straw.

This Coat of Dtmg and Straw will be of great-
Beneﬁt to the Roof: of the Trras, keeping them
warm. in the “Winter from the violent Frolts, and
cool in Smarter from extreme Heats, and as Tim:
' ' an

rm ~ v-"~'“t»'r‘-VW'ZWT“ .r < .- fuming???

 

the Nobility and Gentry. xi
and Weather wal’tes the Dung, Fern or Straw, it ren-
ders it very agreeable to the Roots of the Trees, or
Plant: againf’t a Wall.

After this is perform’d, if Walls-Tree: let the Prin-
eipal Branch of them be mild to the Wall, to keep
them from being fhaken by the Wind, for ’tis a great
Annoyance to all Fruit-Trees and others, to be f0 {ha-
ken -, efpecially when they have ﬁruck young Roars,by
breakingthem off, which is a great Hindrance to their
Progrefs in growing, and often caufes their dying.

Alfo in all Standard Fruit-Trees, and others, if this

Method of frelh Earth be ufed in planting, and after
being well planted, to he ﬂak’d and tied fo as the
Wind or Cattle do not annoy them, the Owners will
reap a fatisfaétory Beneﬁt.
. If your Trees are not headed, or at leaﬁ fo low as
they fhould be when they are planted, then obierve,
that as foon as the Bad: begin to lwell, f0 as you
can be able to difcern which are mof’t proper to
ferve for the ui'e. ofﬁlling up the Wall, then beat!
your Trees, cutting them within fix or nine Inches
of the bedding or gmﬁing Place, more or lofs, ac-
eording as the Tree is furniih’d With Bed: 5 but be
fure :10 hold the Tree fall, fo as the Root; may not be
mov’ .

In performing this Work of bending of thofe Tree;
at the Spring; it ought to be done with a particular
Care.

Now fuppoﬁng thefe Treer are planting according to
all the DireEtions before mentioned; it follows not
from thence, but that they may ﬁill lie under tar»
ther Inconveniencies, if due Care he not taken to
,zoater them when they require it, to keep the Ber-
den, Divijz‘onr, or Other Places clean from Weers’r :
For in fome fpace of Years there ought nor to be
any thing fufler’d to grow within ﬁve or ﬁx Foot of
the Root of the Tree, to fuck the leaf: Nouriihment
from it3 ‘ ' ' ‘ ' ' And

x11 , Advertijément to

And they mull be alfo well'fecur’d from the injuries
of Cattle, 8%. ~

For we rather chufe to advife all perfons not to
Plum at all, than nor to take proper methods where-
by their Trees may fucceed :, for it can never be plea-
ﬁng to fee a ﬁunted Tree, or a Plzmtzzlio/znOt thrive,
and we are mol’t certain it can be no fatisfaé’tion or
Creditjo any honell Nmﬂzymm or Gard’ner, to fee
or hear of fuch Mifcarriages.

. To be furnifh’d with good Treat. .

Enquire out an able Nulfwy-mzm, or Gard’mr of
good repute, give him an account of the Afpeéts of
your {Viz/[s which you delign to plant, and the height
of them.

Alfo let him have the particular length of each
Wall, ate. in Yards or Feet, and what iort of Bart/5
yOur Ground does molt incline to, whether hot'and
dry, or cold and moill, €76.

This .ijerymm mull regulate and proportion
the whole Plantation with Tram proper for the feveral
A/pefz’s and natureof the Soil, as’alfo for all Dwarf},
Shanda/11's, or half b’ltziz'n’tn‘dr, which {hall be thought
necefTary. '

But perhaps a Gentleman has a Plantation already,
yet wants a flaw more Twas for fome vacant places 5
herein the Nmfmy-Mm lhould be likewife inform’d
what plenty of choice Hairs you have already.

As for Example,

if you are pretty well ﬁor’d with the Bares Pear,
which indeed is one of the hell forts ofﬂruit in its
proper inafon, and f0 liltewil'e for any Other choice
torts, you may chufe rather to be ihpply’d with forne
other forts generally allow‘d to be good.

But herein be not overtond of inﬁnite varieties of
Fruit, lot the moi’t knowing Men in Fruit-Treat, ta.
her content themfelves with a Few good forts, than

trouble

l r
3

IV the Nobility and Gentry; , , xiii

trouble themfelves farther, Where they are fure to ﬁnd
little or no fatisfaftion.

It may not be amifs to give a Word or two of
Direﬁlions for planting an entire Colletlion of'F/uit.

suppofe then that you have Walls and GrOund e.
nongh to plant a whole Collection, herein it will be
mainly neceﬂ‘ary R) to regulate the matter that you
may be fupply’d with Fruit at all times of the Year:
In orderito which its requiﬁte to have Fruit-Tree:
fuitable to each Seafon, as, ﬁrl’t to Summer, next for
Autumn, and nexr to them the ﬁrl’t Winter—Fruits,
fuch as are eatable in November" and December, and
laﬂl—y, the late Winter Pears, as ‘the B022 Cbren'eez
Double, ate. Which will~c0ntinue good a long time,
even till April, if carefully gather’d and look’d after,
and will then be excellent.‘ '

As for Summer, tho’ there he feveral excellent per-
fum’d Pears, as alfo of Peaches in fuly and Auguﬂ,
yet they foon perifh.

Alfo in Ilutumﬂ, to have too many Buree and Bezgu-
7710!, (610’ the belt in—that feafon) will nor be conve-
nient; but to have Other Fruits follow them i‘uccef—

lively.

We are of opinion that (2ng Walls will do hell to
be planted with the choicel’t lOrts of Winter Peers, for
the advantage which is reap’d from them is very great 5
the Fruit ufually keeps very long, if gather”d in a
proper Seafon, and difcreetly difpos’d of afterwards 5
and fome forts of them will make a lovely appearance
at your Table for ﬁx Weeks or two Months together;
alfo another great Beneﬁt is, that they may be con-
veyed with fafety from the Country to London, or
elfewhete, as there {hall be occaﬁon.

It is to be noted, that tho” thefe Dircf’tions that
are given in fending the length and heighth of the
P101113, together with their feveral Al‘peEis, and na-
ture of the Ground,t0 a Nurjery-muu or GurdWer, is

' only

 

WWW-WWW w

xiv ‘ Hdbérti/ément,‘ &cI

only for thofe Noble-men, and Others, that have not
had the knowledge of Emit, whereby to make the
mo?! judicious choice themfeives 5 but for thofe that
have had that knowledge, or at leaﬂ have a fuﬂicient
Gard’rz‘er, it’s fuppos’d that they may fend their older
for fuch and fuch forts of Fruit, being able to judge
of what forts they molt {land in need of, or at leaﬂ-
that are molt fuitable to their Pallats.

 

30MB

XV

 

 

SOME
R U L E S
FORTHE
Defence of GARDENS,
AND

Securing of large Plantations from taréalmt
and Met/ling W indy.

With Inﬂiuﬁiom touching Efpalliets, or. places
of Shelter, for the prdeming oftende’r Greens
and Plants. ,

’ T’s ﬁrange to conﬁdet to what a vaﬂ Perfe€tion
we in this Iﬂand are arrived in a few years in
many laudable Arts, but efpecially in Gard’ﬁiﬂg g
wherein we are at prefent very little Inferiour either
to the Italian; French, or Flemming. But that which
renders outGardem and Plantations lefs fuccefsful than
theirs, is judg’d to proceed, as certainly it does, from
the variablenefs of our Climate, compared with that
of the more Sazzzbem Continent. For thofe that are
upon Terra Fz'rma do ohferve, that tho” their Winters
be fevere, and many times {harper then ours, yet
when that is paﬁ, ufually moderate and comfortable
Weather fucceeds all the Summer after. But we here in
‘ ' Eng/am!

45%» ~

   

i§vi Rules for the defence of Gardens.
A ; ﬁngland ﬁnd it quite otherwife, Experience making it
', too often appear, what fudden Alterations we have of
' *TﬂWeather through molt parts of the Year, as from hot
“Yb cold, from calm and ferene, to itormy, turbulent,
§ and fharp, and all this fomerimes in a very fhort Ipace
of time. This indeed does too often frul’rrate our La-
bour and Indultry, f0 that we are under a neceﬂity of
~ ‘ ‘conttiving a timely Remedy, ( as far as lies in our
, .. Power) to, reierve our Gardens againlt the encounters
‘ of this de ruétive Enemy : Efpecially ﬁnce our Pre-
_ deceﬂ‘ors in Gnrd’ning, nay even the molt eminent Pra-
. , {titioners therein, as well as feveral ingenious Gentle-
men, who being well skill’d in Art, and have written
of Gzzrd’zzing, have wholly omitted, or too much neg-
, leEted it, contenting themfelves only with making a
Brick or Stone Wall about their Garden -, conceiving
when that is done, that they are fuﬂiciently provided
with a fecure defence. Which was alfo the opinion of
‘ » that time, in which the Author of the Complete Gar—
‘ d’ncr made it his Praé’tice to plant under all thofe fe-
; veral Parallel Walls at the Royal Potdgnric at waa—
1715:, which is near twenty Years ﬁnce -, upon the Plant
i; of which Garden, with its Walls and Scituations, fome
. f Obfervations were made in April laﬁ, viz. 1698. by
G. L. which are as follows.
a In all the Diviﬁons of the Parallel Walls, ~ where
they were placed clofel’t, the‘Peaciaes and chinrines
" were almolt wholly gone oil from the Wall, efpe-
eially thofe near the Door-way, and alfo in thofe _
. (limiters where the Parallel Walls were fer in ob-
tufe Angles, one might obferve that all the Branches
‘ ' of the Trees were gone off within three or foutFoot of
the Ground, fomepwere half gone, and great numbers
' fol: whole Tree: were entirely gone , all which was the
.. ,mitchievous ea‘eas of Eddy-Winds ; So that if a l’triEl
g’xiffalculation was made of all thole Peach-Trees, and
P \ Aﬁcﬂarincs which Moniieur Lu @Iintinic’ planted, in:
' ‘ ia

  

 

 

   
  

 

de cure of Gardens: xvii

v had in Perfeﬁion about twelve Years ﬁnce, bne Would

not ﬁnd forty good Peacb Tree: in all that great De-
ﬁgn for W'adFruit-Trcer, whereas in his Book he def
{tribes fome hundreds ofﬁce: for that purpofe.

’Tis farther oblérvable that thofeTrec: which milizara

ry'ed moﬂ rwere fuch as grew upon the Soar/a Weﬂ Wat/r.

And that in the great Square or that Garden
the Treés haVe not been f0 much deiiroy’d as in the
little Squares; for which this region may be aﬂign’d,
trig. Their-allowing iéveral of thofe Treerwhich were
delign’d, for Dwarfs, to run up into tall Heads for
Standirdr, which do in part break of}. the Winds from

. thoﬁ: tender Tree: which are again)? the Walls.

’Tis alto obfcrveable that this Plantation, which
in all probability was intended for one of the ﬁne“:
in Europe, is now in the Year 1698, reduced from
that Prolperity it enjov’d in the Year 1686, even to
ﬁnch adegree of deﬁnition, that not one part in three
of that}: Tree: can be round in Perfeé‘tion, and even
thtf: are eitherPearr, Plum: and ﬁne Cherry-Treat;
They have indeed new planted moi} of their Walls
with Peas/J Tree: and Neftariner-7 fome Plantations
are alfo made on the outﬁde to break off the Winds,
and for the fame reafon they have permitted {Wand of
their Dwarf: to run up for Standards in the great Squares,
fromthe {halter of which they expeéi: to fucceed in
retrieving the Former prof'petity of their Plantation.

Theie obléi'vationsl thought ﬁt to infert, as falling
naturally in, to Conﬁrm the Rules of our prefent Dif-
Courle.

Some may queﬂion why we m‘ul’t now have thefé
Works of Efpalierr here in England, more than their
Forefather.c had,th found it {efﬁcient to have Gardens

. ' encompafs’d with geod 'vValls agairil’t which feveral

Fruit-Tree: were planted, which by experience they
found to come to good Perfeﬂionz, as for inﬁance in

the Scituations of lome old Monal’teries? ,
F ‘ h To‘

xviii Rules for the ‘ -

To this ’tis anfwcr’d:

We know by experience, that when we have been
invited to fetteral places to give our Advice, in order
to the altering, or new making of fame Deﬁgns for
the anament of Gentlemens Seats, by making regu-
lar Lines for Walla, or for Standard Fruit-Trees, we
have found ﬂame of thofe Scituations have been For-
merly noted to be places excellent for good Hum, 59’“
for which feveral Reafbns may be given.

F irlt, We have obfbrv’d that molt of thofe places
have been {cituated in an excellent Soil, on the Sonth
declivity of a Hill, a ﬁne River on the South ofthar,
tecur’d very well from North, Nartk—Eaﬁ, and North-
weﬂ Winds by high Tree: of feveral kinds, and fame
Tree: alfo on the South Eaﬂ, and South PVejl; f0 that
the whole Scituation hath been fecur’d from violent
Blights ofthe Winds.

In thefe cld Sciruations we have obférved, that
there had been Very good Trees againll the Walls;
more particulvttly in one place we obferv’d an old B)-
dy of a IVem‘ngton Peach, whofe Trunk was like an old
decay’d l/VrIIcw, the Wall was of Brick, and near four-
teen that high above ground, the Tree had fpread from
the Stem twenty Foot on each lide, whichAWas near ﬁve
hundred and lixty fuperficial F eet; this Tree was
planted in the Year 1622, and the old Bde was
taken up with a Few live Brancbe: in the Year 1682,
which was near ﬁfty Years old. It is very rare to ﬁnd a.
Tree in any good Condition, at this time,halfthat Age.

W’c have alfo oblbtv’d, that at form of thoﬁ:
old Monaﬂeries, and Seats fo well ihelter’d from
the Winds, and that have been noted places for
plenty of good Fruit and early ripe. that by ereé’t-
ing fame new Buildings, or the. decayednefs of the
Tray, that has caufed them who taken down, has
am made an alteration, infomuch that thofe pla-
ces have had their full there of the Blights, exaé’tly

with

defence of Gardens. xix:
With other places, if not worfe 5 neither did the Fruit
after that come {0 early ripe as formerly, for where
care hath been taken, that large Plantations {hould
grow on the outward Bounds of the Gardem, the
Beneﬁt of them is very great, beﬁdes the breaking 03?
the cold blighting Winds; for the glowing heat of
the Sun, in all thofe places (0 well defended, caufim
both Plant: to ﬂouriﬂz, and Fruit more early to ripen.
This being (0, we fuppofe it needleﬁs to add how
highly neceﬂary it will be to ﬁnd out force better fe-
curity for our Garden: and Plantations, (a far as is pofl
ﬁble: For the elffe-ﬁing therefore of which, we (hall
lay doWn {ome ﬂaort Rules and Direé’tions. ~

F irli, for {scaring of Garden: and Plantations.

Second, to make a defence For fecuring of Orange;
Tree’s, Limom, Myrtlex, and other tender exotick
Green: and Plant: in the Summers eaﬁn.

In the ﬁtil place to make a general fecurity for
a whole Garden or Plantation, it will be necellary to V
plant Tree: for defence thereof, tome diliance With-
our. the nuns“ Bounds or Walls,'in fuch manner as
is hereafter fpeciﬁed: The Lines of Trees for this
purpol‘e, may be planted in two or three Rows; {is
convenient that they be planted pretty thick, conﬁder-
ing the ufe that they are for; And in Planting of
them, after the ﬁrll: Line is planted, let the fecond
Line be planted in {uch order that every three Trees
may make an Esquila'teral Triangle, that (0 the ﬁrl’t
Range may be ctofed by the fecond, after which a
third Line may be planted which may bear the ﬂame
proportion to the fecond, as the {econd does to the
Edi; in this manner.

b a Three

xx . Rules for the

ThreeRom of TH!“ Planted in this order, will he
found to be of extraordinary ufe 3 and if it may be
done with conveniency, let thefc Ranges encompaf;
the whole Plantation or Gardem. This method of
planting is much better than at right Angles, for feve-
tal reafons.

The dillance of Planting them may be From eigh..
teen or twenty Foot, to 2.; Foot alunder.

Thefe {CVeral forts of Tree: are ﬁt for this we

Dutch,
Elms, Witch,
Engl i ll) .
Ahettlls.
Beach.
Oak.
Iyme
Siccamore.
Pine.
Scotch Fir.

But of all their: the three forts of Elm: and ijer,are
to be preferr’d, if to be obtain’d with Conveniency 5 tho’
if the Rules hereafter laid down be well obfetv’d and
put in praétice, the Pm and Pine: may be of great ufe.

What Tree: foever are imploy’d for this ule, ’ let
them beﬁrong, and the larger the better, for hereby
they will the fooner anfwer the deﬁgn propos’d; in
tranfplanting of them, let them be taken out of their

natural Earth or Algode with a great deal of care,
and

defence of Gardens. xxi
and with'astmuch of their Rgat to them as is’poﬂible,
and moderately prun’d and Well plantedbut not too deep
‘ it"the Gruund incline to Moiﬁurefor hereby:many Tree:
3 arel‘poil'd; we rather advife all Perﬁms to plant rather
: {bellow than deep, and therein they can hardly err.
After they are planted, let them be very well ﬁak'd,
that they may have lirength to withﬂand the ﬂrong
:L VVird; ’till they have taken Roar tbﬂicient to fubﬁll:
.. of themfelves; in their growing up they mull be taken
I care efetrery Year, and well water’d on all Occaﬁons.
1 Their Head lhould not be too tall at their ﬁrll:
4‘ Planting, for when they are (0, they will require a-
bundance (f trouble in ﬂaking of them ﬁrmly.

It will be proper forall Perlcns that hereafter {hall
make Garden or Pc'amatxcﬁs, as (con as they have mea-
lttr’d and laid out the Bounds thereof, to begin to
’plant theﬁe Rows 0% Tree: in the aforcfaid method,
even before they go about the making oftheir Gardem,
that no time may be loll, and that they may be a fer-
viceablc Defence with as much {peed as may be. '

Pines. and all forts of Firs, look very well when
Planted in this manner, and are ofgreat ufefulnele in
breaking eff Winds from the inward Plantation; they
make a Very ﬁne tow’ricg {how in the W'inter Seafon,
when all other Tree: and Places inc-k rally; ‘likewife if
they are planted on a riﬁng Groundfo as to be feen
at any great diiiance, they look very noble and pro-
per for all magniﬁcent Seats. ’ '

But‘to elfeét this, they mull be procured out of
fame Nurﬁr}, their SiZe to be from two Foot to three
or four Foot high: let them be planted in frame place
in the Garden, or lame neceﬂary place fet apart for
that purpofeg' in order to be afterwards trant‘planted
out, where its deﬁgn’d they lballlland, but-ﬁrﬂ let
them come to be leven, eight, or nine Foot high;
alter which they mull be taken up with almoﬂ' all
their Reorgand as much Earrb about them, as mm,
b 3 or

 

 

xxii Rule: for the

or four Men can carry, with each Tree 111 a Hand- Bar-
row, this Earth will be a great means to ﬁx them ’
where they are to be planted, that they may thrive
better, and more ﬁrmly withiiand the violence of the
Winds- -, and by being remov ’d in this manner, they
fufﬁr very little Damage as to hind’ring their growrh.
' This way of Planting rs of excellent ufe and beneﬁt
to all {uch Perfons at intend to make large Plantati
one of Fm and Pme: tor Avenger, View, or Walks
of Shade, orthe like, in Paliure Grounds, Parks, or
other grating Grounds where Cattle come, or to
bound their Garden by planting one, tWo. or three
Lines of theft: forts of ’1ree1 without the Bounds of
the Garden. But of there the Silver Fir is a noble Tm
th’ 1 the other does very well.

i This method being follow’ d, it may be accom-
plilhed with a great deal of eale-7 but it they (hould
be planted out at two Foot and half, or three, or
four Foot high, in Ptrks 01 other Places where Cattle
come; its a very ha1d matter to ﬁcure them, or to
keep the Ground loofe, and in {uch order as the {aid
young Tree: require.

As for thole which ate planted out ofthe larger

ﬁze, after they have lirotl three or tour Years after
planting, they will he out ofthe reach of Cattle tram
injuring their Bo r'tgm.
’ The nature 1111131111: ofthol'e 'Iieuis fuch, that they
do not {hootaway free andl‘ liong .111 they come 0
be about three or 111111 it 001 h "‘11, aiter which there.
are few Foreft Ties: that our [hip them 111 grOWth,
when well manag‘d.

We enlarge the more on 1hr .Q Tim, by 1eal on of
theirNoblenefs, there being hardly any h 1d 1 thathas 11n-
dertakcn any thing oi this ltind ,that ever: epentedthem i
oftheit Charge and T rouble, iFa right method were
taken 1n ordering of them -, they wit l 1111 the be fore-
Emotion d 110: he the molt prooer one uleiul of any.

\rVe

{defence of Gardens. Xxiig

We have often obferv’d abour fortre- Noblern'en’s
Seats, what vaft Charges they are HJmetimes at in lo-
velling and putting their Gr‘oitnd in order for Views,
AVenues, or @me priVate walks ofShade, and after
they have been at all this expence, perhaps the Ground
is planted with afh, Walnuts, Alice/s, or Rich like ill
growing Trees.

Whereas ifthe Rules before fet down had been
Well obferv’d, then thofe ﬁne growing Tree: would
psrhaps haVe been as cheap or cheaper, ﬁnee in the
beauty and ﬁneneﬁs of the Sheer, there is no compa-
rifon to be made.

The Greens aforelaid do very much excelall thofé
that {bed their Leaves,by reaﬁm they continue the lame
all theWinter,bt-lides they will afpire to a great height?
become beautiful Treex,‘ and of long duration.

It remains now to lay down fome Ru'e; and Dire«
{lions for making Efraﬂz‘er Hedger, or places of defence
for fecuring of Oranges, Mjrtlel, and other tender
Green: and Plant: from malevolent Winds in the Suns-1
mer Seafon.

By reafon of the want of a ﬁcurity For theft: tender
Green: and Plant: ( when exoolEd abroad in Summer )
we too often ﬁnd the ill areas, and that many times
they fuller more prejudice in twelve Hours time, than
they can afterwards recover in two Years. And in»
deed hitherto there have bin but few that [helter them
at all in Summer, the eVent whereof has been, that
what Strength they get one Summer they late the
next, and hereby are deprived of the opportunity of
making any ﬂrong and vigorous Progrefs.

But if there is oecaﬁon (or the ole of thefeEfpafliers
foon, that is the ﬁrﬁ or fecond Year after their being
Planted, then mull there be a fubﬁantial Frame of
Wood madeof fever), eight, or nine Foot high, the
dillanoes of the Poﬁs afunder to be according to the
length of the Rails which is commonly about eight

b 4 Of

 

xxivp Rules for the

or nine foot long, and of an Efpalz‘er Frame of eigh
Foot high from the top (other: of the Ground, in
which heighth of eight Foot, there may be 6 Rails,
each Rail being about I 7 Inches afunder,and [hf- "name
Diﬂance from the Ground, as you may fee here pee
f'cribfd- ‘

Theft: being the form of the Eﬁmlim, every one
may add to the Bignefs, StrengthJ or Beauty ofitas
he thinks ﬁr.

If theieE/jmlier: be Us’d in a Country where Tim-
ber is plenty, and in a Garden or part 053 Garden
where it is not expeétcd that the Wood work {houid
appear ﬁne the ﬁrit and fecond Year, then this
Frame may be made and fet up of Poles cut out ofthe
Woods, of Ajb, or the like {ortoi \IVood that will
fplit, provided it be firong. The higher you plant

your

defence of Gardens; xxv

your Trees, the ﬂronger the Polk muff be 5 and care
mud be taken that the Frame be fet ‘ upright, and
{la sight.- ‘

Bast it is to be obrerv’d, that in all the Everal ﬁzes
e? Eyalim, the Tree: or Plant: to be there Planted
ought to be handt‘nme bred Plants, and fuch as are into '
pith: with ﬁde Bought, that they may hetyed to the.
Rails, in order to caufe the Efpallier. to thicken the (can?
er :. and it is to be Noted, that where thefe Ejpallier: are
m ade in the middle of a Garden, that Lyme-Tree: are ra.
the: more proper for this ufe,than Elmx, by reafon that:
the 190:: of Elm-Tree: run over a great deal of Ground,
and injure molt Trm, or Plants that grow near them,
which the ijeATrec does no: near {0 much.

The {Everal torts of Tree: that this Eﬁmﬂz‘er may be
made of, are thefe.

’ Dutch,
Elms,§Wirch,

L Englllh-
Lyme.
Horn-beam Beach.
Maple.
Alder.
White thorn.
PriVEfo
Spruce- Fir.
Pines and Scotch Firs.
Laurel.
Holly.
Yew.
Apple;
Pear.

Any of thefe forts, if ingeniouﬂy ordered and re:
gulated, as they ought to be, will anﬁyer the end
Deﬁgn’d, A
. , S

“Vi Rule: ﬁr the

. Asto the Form thereof let it be an
Oblong, or long Square, like that re- L
«preﬁnted in the Margent; and in 30
lhying'but at its Dhnenﬁons on the .
. Ground, let the two longeﬂ parallel
ﬁdes run North and South, or there-
about.

The lm‘g’eneﬁ and extent thereof
mutt be regulated and proportiOn’dﬁc-
cording to the number of tender Green:
and Plants, whichir’sd'eﬁgn’d to con-
eain‘, alWays allowing proper diﬂancee
in placing of them, and for Allies,
that there may be conVeniency of
coming to Water and View them on
all Occaﬁons.

15-0

 

Now let it be conﬁder’d where this
'Ejjmﬂz‘er ought to be placed, and if it
may be conVeniently done, let it be
at no very great dillance from the
Greenﬁoufé, (where they ﬁend in
Winter) for the better removing of 25-
them forward and backward : But if
it cannot be fo ordered without
obflrué‘ting of the decent View of the
Garden or Buildings, then place it in
tome other convenient part of the
Garden.

The next thing is to begin to make
this Efpallt‘er, in order to which, after .
its Dimenﬁons are markt our, make a :—
Border anl‘werable theretmwhich {hould
be eight Foot Wide, and Well Trencht, two Foot
and a half, or‘th‘rec Foor deep; if the Ground‘be not
naturally good'fo deep, it mull be made good, leaff
after the Tree: have been planted {ome Years,» when

' the}

130

 

 

w

deﬁnce of Gardens. xxvii
they come to {hike R90: deep, they pierce doWn to a
Poor, Cold, Barren Earth, and are thereby exceedingly
hindred in their Progrels; If the Ground be‘natural-
ly good, then only dig and trench it well, without
adding any compel! to better it. ,
Thus far it’s fuppofed, that the form of this Efw
pal/in is agreed upon, as alfo the extent and largenefs,
and the Borders ready made, {0 that all is ready for
Planting fuch Tree: as [hall be judged moft requiﬁte
for this Work.

Ila: ﬁveral fart; qf Trees that are mentioned
‘ before.

We will begin with the Elm,of which there arethree
(brts, wig. The Dutch, the W'itcb, and the Engli/b,
and are all ﬁt for this purpoﬁe; but the Date/1 and the
PVitcb, are the greatell GrOWers, {hoot freeﬂ, and
eome foonell to Perfeéiion. '

If it’s deﬁgn’d to make an Ejjmllt'er to be Earviceable
the [hit or lecond Year, then it will be reqniﬁte in
the full place to make a Frame of Wood, or Rail, to
which the Tree: mull be Fallen’d after they are plant.
ed, becanfe they mull be of a much larger ﬁze than
thoﬂe that are to grow up leifurely. ‘

The Elm: for this Eﬁmllier, to be {ervicea'ole the
ﬁrli Year, 'mullbe of two Sizes, the largeli {hould be
about eightor tenFoet high,rhe leiTer about four or ﬁve
Foot high, to be good Brulhy Tree: from Top to
bottom, as near as may be ; let them be Prun’d, but
{0 that the ﬁde Bang/u may remain, to be fpread our
and fallen’d by Withs to the Frame. -

There Tree: mull be Planted in the Border in a
{height line, the largeli ﬁzeto be at three Foot di-
llance from each other, and banner: all the largel’c
ﬁze throughout, plant one of the leﬂer ﬁze, by
whichtmeans there will he Planted an equal number
of both ﬁzes, ’ ' ' Avoid

xxvii’i Rules for the

AVOidPlannm them too deepﬁftheGrcund be Matﬂ
indeed you can hardly err in Planting of them lhallow.

Let the Frame be made ﬂrnng and inbliamial, and
ofa fufhcient Heighth, the Polls ﬁnd ﬂtongly to the
Ground; when the Tree: are planted, and faﬁen’d
to this Frame, they will grow more uniform and
upright, and lthk From top to bottom. They mul’é
be kept lbeer’d and Waret’d on all Occalions.
~-‘ Bu: Eﬁmhm are to be made Withrmt a Frame of
Wood to lhpport it, and the Tree: at Full Plant?
ing, to be of a much linaller (ize, the largeﬁ m-ty
be ﬁve or’ fix Foot High, the leﬂer ot'four Foot,
Plant the largtﬂ at three Foot aﬁmder, and the
lelTer fize between them as beforeJtt them be Young
thriving Tree-gand the fuller of Baugb: the better,
but then the Bong/Lt mul’t be cut ( Ewithin an Inch,
two orthtee of the Stem, and as they Grow to be of-
ten iheer'd or clipt; that they may grow upright and
appear uniform like a Wall, the Burdzr: moi} be kept
clean from Weeds, and carefully dugg every Year,
but not (0 deep as to injure the Rants.

The Lyme or Linden Tree, (call it as you
pleafé) it ﬁt for this uE. chute two lizes,
let them be brulhj-J thriving Trees, the larg:
ellﬁze mzy be fix or {even Foot high, the leﬂ‘et three
Foot high, to be plinted in the Fat .e Order and
diliance as the Elm: before m-mion’ah alio to be
Prun’d and Sbeer’d like thtm, and the border {lightly
dugg yearly. *

Lyme for
Ejjmliers.

. Hombertm and Bees/J, are. int‘eriot to
$272???” “”1 none for an Ethel/tar, of thole {arts of
EfoliefS. Tree: that fixed their Letitia, and for

i ' fame Reafons, may be preferr’dﬁSIhus,
The Tree: grow naturally very thick, and hold their
Leave: On the longeﬂ: of any (hilt (had them, the
only Objeﬁion againf‘c them is, they cannot be plaint-
cd {9 large 21: Elm: or Lymtr, but if the Plant: be.

| l ' tais’d

defence of Gardens xxix

rais’d from Seed, and haVe been tranfplanted, they
. Come Freely away, and if carefully Planted and Water’d,
when neceffaty, they will profper well, efpecially when
they arive to be ﬁve or ﬁx Foot high, they will [boot
away ﬂrongly every Year : Chule two lizethe largell:
of four or ﬁve Foot, the fmall of two or three Foot,
plant the largeﬁ at eighteen lnches afunder, the {mall
between them, as before.
Maple, if planted of young Set: will make

a good Hedge, and thickens well after C/ip- Magic.
m a \ ,
P alder, fora wet or mom: Ground, makes AM”-
avery good Hedge.

W/yite thorn and Fri-vet, mall People
know will make very good Hanger,
but then they will not admit of being
planted {9 large as other Trees, but being planted
{mall Plants, and as they grow up to be yearly clip:
on the ﬁdes, they’l grow well without any Elm/tar
Frame to fupport them. But thele and all thofe
plants that are planted linall are not For prefentfer-
vice, but mull baye Ibme Years time b: fore they can

White-Thom
471d Privet.

I

be of any life.
We come now to {peak of the Spruce.

Fir for this Ufe, and indeed for fuch 5195““. Fi’f‘”
Perfons as can ﬁecure their Orange: and E‘IP 111m.
other tender -Greem for fame few Years, till an
Ejﬁallier hereof be grown up ﬁt to receive them it
willbeincomparable, and make a very beautiful and
nobleone ,if the Plant: are Young they will thrive
very well, and may be clipt: with Sheers ewery Year
as they grow up; beﬁdes, by its beautifulncfs in ap-

pearing Green all the Year, it has a great Advantage
over any of. the former;

The beneﬁt and advantage of this fort of Fir is
more than any of the tell, by reafon that it will endure
putting or clipping, better than the Other forts of

. Fir,

xxx Rules for the

Fir, and after clipping it thickens very well, and is
for this till: the bell fort of Ever-greens, for there two
Reafbns. ‘

Fir/l, It’s a very fpeedy grower.

Secondly. It endures clipping well, and thickens {‘0
Well a frat clipping.

The belt way to make this Fir Ejp4’ier is thug
make the Borders as before mention’d of good Earth,
the young Fir: to be healthy, thriving Plants, oftwo
Sizes, let the largell be three Foot and a half or four
Foot, the Fmtlleft of two Foot; the largell ﬁze
lltould be planted about eight Foot aﬁmder, with the
tmaller ﬁze planted betWeen then: as before, they
mull be taken great care of for the three ﬁrﬁ Years,
to water them and keep them clean from Weeds, but
in clipping of them, oblerve, not to clip them juﬂ'
againlt Winter, tor thereby it males the Tree to look
Iully in the depth olWintcr, butiFthey areclipta
little after Mid—Sammer, they appear of a lovely beaua
tiful Green.

. The Pine and Sam]; Fir, both theft:

S Pine ‘lﬂd 'are much of a nature as to their grthh,

catch Fzr . - .. .

for Efptzliers. but are not fo reqtnhte for blag/rm as the

Spruce Fir, bf’caufe they Wlll not endure

clipping to Well, not make to regular 3 growth, as we

ﬁnd by trial of form: of them in our own Plantations

at Brampton Park. As for the ﬁle and dillance of
Planting, ufe the ﬂame Method as for the Spruce Fir.

Lamrel alfo is not unﬁt for this purpol‘e,

Lawelfor ifcarelully planted, and the Scituation

3,0111?”- not too much expos’d to the Windgthe

young Plant: may be of mo lizes, the

largell about three or four foot high, to be planted at

three Foot diﬂance, and the ﬁnallel’t about :1 Foot and

ahalF, to be planted between the largeli. ~ It‘s a

quick Grower.
The

.7,

deﬁance of Gardens xxxi
’ The Holly is a molt excellent Tree for
‘ making Ejpalr'ers continues green all the ﬂatly for
_ Winter, will grow exceeding thick, va- EJPW‘m-
lues not the Power of the {evereﬁ Storms,
and may be brought into what thickneﬁ or form the
Projeéter pleafes.

The chiefelt Objeéiionaagainﬂ it is , thatit’s a ﬂaw
grower, but that’s only for the ﬁrl’t, (enamel, or third
Years after’tis planted, ’till it has taken [hang Root
in the Ground; but if Time and Patience be allow’d
’till it be of fotﬁcicnt Height, it will make abundant
Recompence. Great care mull be taken to get young;
thriving Flam-s of mo ﬁzes, the large“ of one Foot
and a half high, and planted about two Font alhnder,
the leﬂér ﬁze of nine Inches ora Foot high to be plan-
ted between the large ﬁze as before; if the young
Plant: be good and carefully tended, water’d and dim,
and the Borders {lightly dug eVery Year, they will
{hoot away very faﬁ, efpecially after they arrive to be
four or ﬁve foot high, as for example, in the Hedge;
of our Plantation at Brampton Park, they have advanced
two Foot, and two Foot and a halfin one Year.

As for YEW to make Efﬁalz'ers, when
they are carefully planted and well or- ten} far
dertd, and time and patience allow’d E/P1‘153'5e
’till an Efpaiier hereof comes to petfeé’ti
on, it makes a noble,ﬁrm and durable one, and for this
safe wiilexcel the beﬂ BrickWal! , the young Plums
may be of the fame ﬁze as thofe ofrhe Hall} before
mention’d, and manner of planting the fame; they
molt be clip: every Year, and water’d on occaﬁons,
and kept clean from Weeds. ‘

Apple: and Pear: come now to be fpoken
to, and {omeof them are ﬁt enough for ”APP? “:1
this purpefqthe ﬁzes which they ought 53:23:”?
to beef may be thus, the largeﬂ ﬁzr: to i
be T411 Smderét, the {mailer ﬁze to he Deerﬁ, or
good

*W 'T *V‘ww‘n ,
( ‘ » . .

xxxii ' Rules for the

good bulhy young Tree: 5 the tall ones may be plan;
ted about four or ﬁve Foot afunder ; thefe with care
and good management will grow without aFratneof
Wood,but in this,as in all others, itmuli be granted,
that they are better with a Frame of Wood than with-
out. If a Frame be made, let the {ide Boughs be
fal’tned to the Rail 5 let the {mall DmarfI‘ree: be plant-
ed between them as before.

It will be neceﬂary in making ofthis Efﬁalier of
App!” and Pam to chufe luch forts of them as do na—
turally al‘pire and grow upright, for there are {omeof
both bus that are inclin’d to grow otherwife, Amongll:
the Apple: the Golden Pepin may be chofen.

This Effalier may have one advantage over the
Former ions, which i; by its producing of Fruit every
Year, and islikewif‘e very ul‘cful Forthe bounding our
Kitchen Garden? from the light of Walks or Garden: of
Pleafure. As for the proper forts ofthis uﬁ’, it’s bell-
to con€ult with fume ingtniuus Nurfery Man, who will
make choice of {uch rt: lhill he lit for this purpofe.

If an Eﬁtzlier be made of riff” and Fear: without
3 Frame of W‘oo‘d, the Tree: mull be (mailer, and of
fuch lize as is direSted for the Elm.

Perhaps it may be thwught nectﬁ‘try to add a Word
or two as to Will! Alpi-C'} the entrance into this li-“jmh‘er
ought to be; hut herrin every one may do as he {hall
think mol‘: proper, with reference to the place where
it llendr. '

But fame wiil «bled. _

ls nota Brick H/giz'looner made, more fuhllantial,’
durable, and more tﬂlﬂutl tor this ule than any ot'the
former.

. In ttnfwer to whith, The principal delign ofthe‘l‘e
Eire/ism is to deaden the violence of Winds, that
the tender Green: and Plant: which are ettcompaﬂed
by them may be {erene and qttiet : and Experience

tells us, that the bet} Br-i'cltorSmm Wall, will notch
{66%

   

_ ' ~ ' xxxiii
1238: this, for We 1: being compat‘l and clofe built
have a ﬁrOng Power to repulfe and beat back the

Force of violent Winds, to the great detriment of

whatfoever is tender that grows near them, being

fometimes'rent in Pieces. But the molt tempeﬂuous

Winds beating againﬁ thefe Eﬂmlierr, efpecially if

made of Spruce-Er, Hal/y, or few, they gently give

way to its Force, without any manner of repulfe,
and hereby all tender Green: and Plants encompail‘ed
by them are fafe and fecure. -

But thofe that deﬁgn to make an Ejpalier of any
of the ﬁve'forts of Green: bef‘ore-mention’d, and can-
not ﬂay till they are grown up, but want a prefent
fecurity for their tender Greens, herein the belt
way will be (as we have tryed and found by Ex.
perience) to proceed thus. Firf’r, lay out the Dimen-
ﬁons for the faid Efpalier of Ever Greens, make the
Borders, as before-direEted, to thofe Dimenﬁons,
which plant at the proper Seafon with Spruce—Firs,
or Other fore-mention’d hardy Grams, to the out«
bounds of which, all round, draw Parallel Lines
to the léveral ﬁdes, 18 Foot diﬂant from it, and
here make another Border all round, and make a
Frame‘of Wood as is before-direé’ted: After which
Plant this Border with large Elm or Lyme, or any
of the before-mention’d Trees that [bed their Leaves-
The fize and manner of planting them is mention’d
before more at large, tho’ for this ufe, the larger
the T rites, and the higher the Frame, better.

Thefe large Tree: will form themfelves thick with
their Leaves, the ﬁril ahd fecond Year, and afterwards
Will f0 continue, and are of great ufe till the Efp-z/z'er
of Ever-green: is grown 11p of a fufﬁcient Height, to
be a fecurity of it felt", after which the faid Elms or
Lyme: may be taken up, and planted elfewhere, in
fome place not far off, either to make a View, or

fome orhet prOper place of Shade near to Houfes.
c , And

'\ f. ‘ '. f “I
a

ﬂXlV " 1 7" ._ ten v‘
‘ And now'as to what. has here been humbly. Oil-'e'r’d,
it may poﬂi‘bly be thought to proceed from fome
referve offelf intereﬁ, to thofe of our Profelﬁon‘.

 
    

To this we anfwer.

That ﬁnce the fuccefs of our Induﬂly hitherto hath
Eﬁablfht us a Reputation, amonglt f0 many Noble and
Worthy Perfons as have been pleafed to make'ufe of our
Service, we have no cauie at all to apprehend the lofs
of the continuance of their Favour and good Opinions,
or any need to feek it by mean and deceitful ways. ‘

Thofe who will but conﬁder with what Freedom
and Plainnefs we have endeavout’d to lay down the

, Directions we here Recommend, will foon, and in
Juﬁice too, abfolve us' of any unworthy deﬁgn, or
other than what is for the Publick Good; ﬁnce there
could not be indeed a readier way to ruin our Repu-
tationg than thro’ our ﬁlence to fuller Gentlemen, the
noble Patrons and Encouragers of our Labours (and
who have been at f0 great Charge and Pains to Culti-
vate and Adorn their Gardens) to want the bell Dire-
Elions we can give; or a better to preferve our Credit
with them, than by difcovering to all the World what
(not by Conjeé’cure only, but by long Experience,
and our own many Years diligent Obiervation,) we
ﬁnd the bell Expediems to keep and maintain them=
in their Beauty.

It really grieves us more to fee a Garden of CuriA
ous P/(I/Its‘ mifcarry, thro’ any olthofe deﬁrué’cive AG
cidents we have mention’d, than any advantage which
may be thought to Accrue to us, by the fupplies that.
are daily fetch’d from our Magazine: and Nmﬁ’rier ;
to repair and furnifh what is lol’r, can be the leal’r
fatisfaélion to us : It being our belt and only true in-
tereﬂ, that all we do ihould profper; from fuch in-
Couragement it is we are lure to Thrive with the

Favour

     

, 3 . xxxv
‘ Favour and Good Will of thole who are pleafed to
employ us, and make good ufe of thefe Direé’cions
with a 'Blefﬁng from above. If "Planting be undertaken
in Youth, With what pleafure may a Perfon view the
fucceﬂive growths of his Induﬁry, and in his own
time behold his new Plantations in much Maturity,
and then not only with a Reﬂeﬁ’tion beg ateful, but
\ this Accommodation delightful.

To Conclude, All we have here faid relating to
Ejpallz'érr, and of their great life and Beneﬁt, we a-‘
gain Recommend to fuch as would enjoy the molt
Noble and Inﬂrué’cive Ornament of a Garden in varie-
ty of Greens, and preferve them in a ﬂourifhing Con-
dition. How contrary it is to our Inclination that any
fhould Mifcarry, we hope we have ingeniouﬂy de-
clared, in our giving the plaineﬁ Direé’cion for their
Prefervation, grounded on long Experience, which
we as freely Communicate, as wefhall farther do, if
this meets with Reception and Encouragement.

 

OF

 

. V01. [5 "I

 

 

or
FRUIT-GﬂkﬁENS,
AND ‘

Kitchen-Gardens:

 

C H A P. i, and II.

272.42" a Gard’uer ought to 5e well 516113] in ti}?
Culture of Fruit and Kitchen-Gardens.

AS Gardens feem to be in a perpetual motion;

always aéiing either for good or ill, accord-

ing to the good or ill Conduit} of their Maller;

{0 they feldom fail, either to recompense the Diligent:
and ingenious, or {everely to punilh the Lazy
and Unskillul. There is daily fome new thing [0'
be done, as to Sow, Plant, Prune, Palliladeg to
fee Plants grow, Legumes lmbelilh, Trees Bluf-
fom, Fruit Knitting, then Thickning, Colouring,
Ripe-ning, and at lali to gather them; and yetthis
lo mailer}? a Skill is not {0 exrremely diﬂicult, as
’tis generally thought to be. For having had the
Honour of being near Thirty two Years Direﬂor of
all the Fruit and Kitchen-Gardens of the Royal F ami-
ly, .1 do aﬂirm, for the {arisfaaion of the Ingenious,
that 'tis very caﬁe to attain to as much Knowledge
as

'4 The Cataplete Gard’ner; Vol' I. i

as is reafonahly necefTary for the Curious, either to
avoid What might perplex them, or at leaf} put them
in a Condition of enjoying their wifhes -, provided due
attention be given to the following Rules.

The F irfi relates to the Quality of the Ground, its
necefTary depths, Tillage, and Amendments, and the
ordinary Modeling ot'ul‘eful Gardens. 4
. The Second concerns the Choice of Trees well qua-
lified, either in or out of the Nurféries; the Names of
the principal Kinds of F ruits of every Seafon, to be
able to difiinguifh them, and what number of each the
compafs of his Garden may require. Toknow how to
prepare the Heads and Roms of Trees before they be
put into the ground again, toplaCC them at aconveni~
cnt diflance, and in a good expofure, and then to
know (if not all) yet at leafl: the Principal Rules of
Pruning, either as to Dwarfs, or Wall-Trees. How
i to pinch off fame Branches that are over vigorous,
to Pallifade fuch as require it. to ttim fuch ufelefs
Budds and Sprigs as Caufe confufion -, and lafily, to
give every one the Beauty they are capable of. i

The. Third relates to the making of Fruit grow
Large, and Beautiful-7 to gather them prudently,andv
eat them feaﬁrnably.

' The Fourth relates to Grafts on all forts oFFruit-
Trees, whether in Gardens, or Nurferies, both as to
time, and manner of applying thtm.

The Fifth relates to the general Conduéi of Kitch-
. ,erfs'lGardens, efpecially to underfiand the pleafure and
proﬁt they may yield, in eVery Month of the
Year.

Theft: Articles not being many, the Curious may
in a little time be fully inllrucied by the following
Abridgment.

CHAR“

4.. /« "a...

CW“ V

Vol. I. The Complete Gard’nerl 3

C H A P. III.
An Alﬁe/glue»! of the .Maxz'ms of Gard’ningi

Fir/I A R T I C L E.
Tb: Qualiﬁcation qf the Earth or Soil.

H E Soil of a Garden is known to be good for
' F ruit‘Trees.

1. When all which the ground prodtiCeth of it:
fell, or by Tillage, is Beautiful, Vigorous, and A-
bundant; nothing poor or (mall, which lhould be
llrong; 0r yellow, which lhould be green;

2. When in Jmelling to a handful of Earth, it:
gives no ill (bent.

2; When ’ris eaﬁe to Till, not over ﬂrong, or
{Ill}:

4.. When you handle it, ’[is mellow, without be- ‘

ing too dry and light like Turf Earth, orlike ground
altogether Sandy.
_ 5". When ’ris not over-mail}, like Marlhy ground,
or too hard, like Loomy ground, which is often at:
the bottom of good Meadows, coming near to the
nature of ﬂill Clay.

6. Laﬂly, as to the Colour, it mull he chieﬂy of 2.
blackilh gray, and yet there’s foo—2e redifhthar does
very well; Inever law any both very white and

good. .
Scoond ARTICLE.

Of the Depth if the Ground,-

IF the top appears good, you muff have three Foo:

deep of the fame Earth, which is very material,
' .. B m and

it I The Complete Gard’ne. Vol. I.

and of which you ought to be pretty well aﬂ'ured, by
founding the ground in ﬁve or ﬁx places; ’tis a great
Error to be fatisﬁed with 1th depth for Trees.

Third ARTICL E.
Of Tiling“.

‘Tlllage the oftner made, the better for Trees;
‘ there mull be at leaf} four yearly,oq.

‘ At the Spring, digging or ﬂirting with Forks;
‘ At Midﬁitnrner by cleanﬁng and ﬂirring the furface
‘ of the ground.

‘ At the end of Aug" , the fame as at Mid/2mm",
‘ and juﬂ before Pthcr, by well digging, and clean.
‘ ting the ground from Weeds.

‘Beﬁdes thefe (linings, or diggings, its fuppos’d
‘ that the ground be clear’d from Weeds, as often as
‘ need requires. it mull never be unmanur’d, nor
f trampled, nor beaten.

‘Small Plants, as Strawberries, Lettice, Succo~
ry, 85c. mull be often Weedcd.

Fourth A R TIC LE.

Direfh'om for Amendmentr.

" LL forts of Rotten Dung .are excellent for

grounds us’d For Kitchen-GardenPlants,Sheeps
Dung when rotten, is good for moft forts of tender
Plants.

‘ But it and moﬂ forts of Dong are of the greatelt
‘ufe to all Plantations of F tuipT rces, and a general
‘amendment, if thus apply‘d, a". That is, on
‘lenc'd Borders, againﬂ: Walls, in Dwarf-Plantati-
‘ons, or in Nurferies, and luch like, which requires
‘ amendment, the ground to be dugg, or loofened
: with Forks in {rage/l, September, or Oﬂolzer, accord-

t

. mg

'Vol. I. The Complete Gard’ner.‘ 5

' ‘ ing as a moiﬂ Scafon {hall offer it felf; after which,

’ ‘lay on the feveral forts of Dung, Sand, Chalk, Sea-

' ‘Coal Alhes, we. as [hall be molt proper for the

' ‘nature of the Soil. Thefe Dungs being thus laid
‘on, and fpread abroad, the Winter Rain}; and Froﬂs
‘ will waih it into the ground, to nourifh molt part
‘oF the Roots, and render the Earth healthy; and all
‘Trees or Plants growing thereon, will receive the
‘full beneﬁt thereof. And we are molt certain that
'by this [art of Improvement, one Load will do
‘ more good, than two Load us’d the common way
‘ of laying it on the ground,and Digging andeTrencha
‘ ing of it in 3 Foot or more under ground. There is
‘near London, a fort ofStreet-Soil, f0 call’d, becaufe

- ‘it’s the cleanﬁng of the Streets, wherein there is a
‘great deal of Sea-Coal-Alhes; this fort of Soil is of
‘ very great ufe, with a little rotten Horfe-Dung, or
‘ Neats Dung m'xt, and laid on Land as aforeﬁtid,
‘ efpecially for all Riff and wet Land, it makes great
‘improvement, for it contains a great quantity of
‘ Salt in it, by which it much enricheth the Soil, and
‘ hollows all Riff and wet Land, whereby the Water
‘paHEth thro’ the freer.

Fifth ARTICLE.

H E bell and molt conVenient difpoiition of

Fruit and Kitchen-Gardens, is in well regulated A
quaSCS, to that if poﬂible, the length may exceed
the breadth. The breadth of the Walks mull be pro~
portioned to the length and extent of the Garden,the
narrowell not leis than ﬁx or {even foot, the tell in
Squares, not to exceed ﬁften or twenty Fathom, or
thirty or forty yards on one ﬁde, toalittle more
or lefs on the other; they will be very well of ten
or twelve Fathoms on one ﬁde, to fourteen or ﬁfteen
on the other; common Paths forfervice, ought to
B 3 be

6’ The Complete Garal'ner. Vol.1. l

be about No Foot. No Kitchen-Garden can fucceed
without aConveniency if watering.

Sixth ARTIC LE.

Rees ﬁt For Planting mull haVe a clean ibining

Bark. Shoots long and vigorous; ibund Ram,

and proportionate to the Stem, not too hairy, ﬁreight,
and of one Stem.

.j Seventh A R TIC L E.

‘ O prepare a Tree for Planting, take off all the;
hairy Roots, if they be dry, or dead, if not,
leave fame; preferVC a few thick ones, but cheiﬂy the
youngeli and bemwhich have a more redilh and lively
colour than the old ones, and mull be Prun’d reafona-
bly {hortpnly the. bruis’d ends cutoff on the lower ﬁde,
according to their thicknef'. In Dwarfs let the longelli
be not abOVe eight or nine Inches, in high Standards
about a foot. ltRoors be not bruis’d in taking up,
it’s better to leave them longer; more may be allow‘d
to Mulberries and Cherry-Trees; weak Trers,
according to their tl.icl;nels, may have three or {our
Inches. ‘IF there be ﬁve or ﬁx Roots {treading
‘ equally about the foot, and well plac’d, tie
feneugh.

Eighth ARTICLE

~N order to plant Well, you {hould chufe dry wea-

_ ther. tothe end that the Birth, being dry, may
ealily ﬁll up between the Roots. _

The time to Plant Fruit-Trees,and all other Trees

that lofe their Leaves, which are equally hardy, is

" ‘ frOm

l

l

,7... w,

1 VOL L The Complete Gard’ngrt.‘ 7

‘ from the end of September, to the beginning (imam/J,

and fornetimea both {boner and later. ‘In‘ Wet
‘ground, the Spring is better than September, or
‘Oﬂober. ‘

“Let not the end of the Root be abovea foot in
‘the ground, cover the upper part ofthe Root with

. ‘ about eight Inches of Mould, then apply half rotten

‘ Dung thereon, laying on that a {mall quantity of
‘ Earth, after which, apply Fern, Litter, or Straw
‘thereon, which will keep the Roots warm in Win-
‘ ter, and moilt in Summer. After the two Roots
‘are Prun’d, cut the Stem to its deﬁgned length, be-
‘ fore you Plant it.

The proportion of the heighth 0f the Body of the

- DWarf may be from 8 to 18 Inches;

High Standards about 6 or 7 foot, in all Soils; let
none of the Roots inciine ﬁraight downwards, but, if
poﬂible, fpreading on each ﬁde.

Trampling or treading fpoils {mall Trees, but is
neceiTary to great ones, to Rome them againll the
Winds. _

Set not too deep in any ground, elpecially in wet
ground, the [hallower the better, and wife little Hills
aboverthe Roots, as before direéled.

Wall-Trees mull be diﬁanc’d by the goodnefs of

'the Earth, and height of the Wall. 1f the Walls

are I 7. foot high, let one Tree {boot up to garnilh the
top, between two to garnilh the bottom, planting
them within 5 or 6 foot of each other. But for Walls
of 6 or 7 foot high, the Trees may be Planted at a-

bout 9 foot diﬁance.

_ Ninth‘ARTICLE

THIS relating all to Pruning, is referr’d t0.
the Fourth Parr, which Treats largely on that
Subjeét. '

B 4. Tenth

 

8 . The Complete Ganl’nerl Vol.1,

Tenth ARTICLE.

S to Efpaﬂr‘er: or Wall- Fruits the Branches ought

to be Pallifado d or fpread about Mg, by an
orderly dirpoﬁng of the Branches to the right and
left, which incline to each {ide to avoid confuﬁon, as
alfo in relpeék of Barrennefs, and to avoid croﬂing
one anori: er. But Barrenneis being the gteatel’r defeé’t,
Crofiing tool} not be ferupled, when Barrenncfs can-
not otherwife be avoided.

Preterve all the ﬁne Branches which Peach-Trees
“100: out, unlefs they prove in numerous as to caufe
confulion. HoWever, if neceﬂity requre, cut cloﬁ:
fame of the moi} unruly Branches , likewifé take away
the Branches of falfe Wood. which fornetimes grow
in the front of Pear Wall Trees, as well as thofe
growing in the middle of Dwarfs, which is call'd the
Trimming of Budds, or lifelefs Branches.

Eleventh A R T I C L E.
T HIS relatesto the gathering, laying up, and

ordering in the Store houfe, {och Fruit as
do no: ripen upon the Tree; for which lreferr you
to the Treatiles upon this Subjré}, which arethe
7th, 8th, and 93/) Chapters of the 5:!) Book.

Twelfth A R T l C LE

HI 5 Article being only oi‘Grafts, and Nurfeu

ries the Reader rs referr d to the I I 1) Chapter
or the 5:1: Book, where the Author Ditcourfes at
large on thefe Subjeéls.

Thirteenth

' Vol.1. The Complete Gard’ner. 9

Thirteenth A R T IC L E.

HIS relates to Kitchen-Gardens, and the Works

of every Seafon, which is alfo referr’d to the

1/1, 2d, and 3:! Chapters of the 6th Part where the
Reader will ﬁnd ﬁveral uﬁeful Calendar, and Alpha-
bet: of works to he done, relating to the Proviﬁons

for, and Produfts of every Month in the Year.

 

ﬂ

CHAP. IV.

F this the Author makes no other ufe, than to

write a tedious enumeration of the feveral
QUaliﬁcations requiﬁte to a good ,Gard'ner; all
which may be fumm’d up into the following {hort
Charaaer, Viz.

He lhould be neither too Old, nor too Young,
Vigorous and Active, of good Capacity and Experi-
ence, of known Diligence and Honeﬂy, of good
Nature and Alfability; and no doubt but thefe Qua-
liﬁcations will recommend him to any Perfon of Qua-

iity.

The Em! of the Ali/frag of the Firﬂ
Part.

 

L .

1 . ‘

I o T792 dimple“ ’Gard'mr. Vol. I;

 

OF
FRUIT-GARDENS,

AND

Kitchen-Gardens.

 

VOLJ.PART.m

 

 

1. Of the Conditions neccffary [0 a good Fruit

and Kitchen-Garden.
7.. Of Earth in General. ‘
3. How to Correé‘t the Defeﬂs in Gardens ready

made.
4.. OfCultivming Gardens, with an account ofzhe

Soil proper for each tort of Fruit.

I Shall here Treat of F our Things.

 

C H A P. I.
@753 Condition: neceﬂar} to a good Garden.

1, H E Ground muﬂ be good, whatever the
Colour be.
, 2. The Situation muf’c be Favourable.
3. A gaod Cmvenienc: for “later. .
4.. The Ground to be upon a tmdl Riﬁng.

 

5'. Of

l

l ‘ i
T Vol. I. 772: Complete Gard’ner. 1 1
5. Of an agreeable Figure, and good entrance.
6. Enclos’d with reafonable high Walls.
7. The acceCs to be eaﬁe and Convenient.
Let us now try whether thefe Articles, and the
execution of them, be grounded upon fuﬂicient Rea-

fon. '

 

\C H A P. I I.
Of Earth in General.

TO contraétour Author’s many diﬂinétions of
Sands and Earth, we (hall reduce them to Five
General Heads.

Thofe that are moderately fat, unauous, and ﬂick-
ing together, make ﬂrong Earth.

Others more inclining to it are Loomy Earth, ﬁtch
as are extreme unétous make Clayey and heavy Earth,
unﬁt for Culture.

OF thefe fume are black, red, white, and grey,
but Colour is not very eﬂential to the goodneli of
Soil, as we {hall prove hereafter.

The fourth is of the feveral forts of light and Sandy,
which are of a hollow nature, and very proper towards
the meliorating and manuring the heavy Earth before
mention’d. 7

The F irﬂ is of a Sandy, Limy nature, in which gel
anally {peaking moft Trees thrive bell -, and if it has
a {mall mixture otStones in it,we find no injury in
that, but rather abeneﬁt to the Roots of the Trees
therein Planted. ‘

The large Cherry-Trees of the Vale of Mount;
M74720], and the ﬁne Plumb-Trees of the Hillsof
Maudan, inform what Soil is proper for Cherries,
and what for Plumbs. Sometimes in a {mall compute
of ground. there are veins of Earth extremely difiea
rent, for Wheat grows well in many placCS, thOligF

‘ ' ' c o e

I a The Complete Gard’ner. Vol. I.

dofe’ by perhaps the ground is ﬁt only for Rye, and
f0 likewifefor Grapes, and other Fruits. And many
things fuceed Well in England , which will not thrive
ii France: And (0 on the Contrary.

 

“-_..-'—v~

C H A P. III.
Oft/Je neceﬂary Conditions requiﬂte to a good

art/J.

1. Ts produaion muﬂ be vigorous, and numerous
2.. It muff caﬁly rtcover it (elf, when worn out. ,

g. It mull have no ill talie, or fcent in it.

4. Itmu-Pt be at leaﬂ g foot in depth;

5,. Free from great Runes, and eaﬁe to Till.

6. Neither too moiﬂ nor too dry.

Which Maxims I explain in the following Scaions
Vii.
Err/I, The Firﬂ proof of a good Earth is, when of
it felf it prod uceth Trees having vigorous and nume-
rous Branches, where the Plants grow with large thick
Laws, and the Trees grow up in few years.

Second/y. Thefecond proof of good Earth is, that
it eaﬁly repairs what injuries it ﬂttll receive by great
Droughts, great Moitlure, or long Nourifhment of
Foreign Plants, tho’ much depends upon the ﬁtuation.
Therefore take it as a Maxim, that no Earth can be
{aid to be good, which {hews not its Fertility by its
Produﬁions, and is likewife able to recover it {elf
when brought low. There are the Earths for Fruit-
Gardens, As For Kiichen—Gardens, Ido grant, that
having a full rupply of Dung, and Water, the In-
duﬁrious Gardiner may do Miracles.

17517111}. The goodotfs of the Earth does aifo con-
ﬁﬂ in having neither (mill, nortaﬁe -, iince all our
Fruits and Legumes will infallibly be tainted with

whatever

Q

’ Vol. I. The Complete Gard’ner: r 3

v whatever is ill or unfittmury in that kind; aoonvin-
3 dog proof of which, are thoie Wines that relic of the
3 Soil.

The taﬂe and fmeil may be tried by fmelling toa
handful of it, or foaking itin Water, and ﬁrainingit
, thro’a Linen Cloth.

Legume: require not ('0 much nicely, becaufe the boy-

iing throws off what might be unpleaﬁng to the talie.

Fourth/y, A :arther enquiry into good Earth, is to
‘ found the depth of the ground, to try if it be at leaﬂ:

3 foot of as good Mold at the top is; and if(with
long ufe) this Earth become almoli Worn out, you
may recover it, by throwing what lay at the bottom
up tothe top.

Without this choice of fuﬂicient depth of Earth,
your Trees and Legumes will grow yellow and lick,
many of them perilh, and after ﬁve or ﬁx years pati-
ence, when you cxpeét the beneﬁt, you’l be oblig’d
to be at the expcnce of a new Plantation.

F :ftbb, A goodEarth,without being too light,ought
to be calic to Cultivate, pretty tree from grearStones;
if there’s but a few, they do little or no harm.

Light Moulds do very much multiply the Roots of
Plants, by drinking in the Rains, and Watering, and
makes eaﬁe paﬁ‘age for the Roots to run in 5 they are
all?) eaﬁly impregnated and kept Warm by the Sun,
and confequently quick in produCtZon

Earth which is too ﬂrong and cuts like Loomy
or [tiff ground, is an: to clole and grow hard, to
{ash a degree, that Rains or Watering will fcarce
{oak into them; fucb Earth is naturally inclin’d to
rottennefs, is cold and backwards in productions,
keeps a continual moiﬁure at bottom, apt to fplit and
crack in great heats, infomuch that they are incapa-
ble of Culture, prejudicial to Trees and Plants that
have newly taken Root, by uncovering fame, and
breaking others.

but

l
t

14. ('17:: Complete Gard’ner. Vol. Lil

‘ But all fuch Grounds as are {0 ﬁll}; arc perniciouﬁ‘t
‘ to Trees, withoUt care be taken, which in all Plant-r
‘ ing ought to be very high ( nay rather) on the top all
‘ the Ground, than in it, railing a'fuﬂicient quantity i‘
‘ of good Birth to the Roots of each Tree, lb that 2
‘ when the Roots of the Trees ﬂnot, they have the it
‘ beneﬁt of the bell Etrth that lies on the top of the
‘Ground, and are not conﬁn’d in the wet Earth t.
‘ which the nature 0F the ground produces, as they
‘ would be when planted low in all thofe forts of’
‘ Grounds. But there is an excellent Method for Mad
‘ nuring and Meliorating offuch Grounds. by digging
‘ it up in the Winter, and laying on a Coatofa cer-
‘ tain fort of Dung call’d Street-Sail ; as is explairfd
‘ more at largein 5th Page ofthe Firll Part.

We come now to the Cure of the defeﬁsof an 2
Etrth too light and dry. _
The Firll Expedient is to remove as much of that
Sandy Earth as will amount to 3 Foot deep, and af- -’
terwards ﬁll that up with as good Earth as you can
get, ofa lliFfer nature, with a good miXture ofCow-

Dung. ‘

‘ As for the rem wing of fuch dry Earth as the Au-
‘ that defcrihes, undoubtedly the Direé’rions maybe
‘ good fora Prince} Pocket ', bu: this being deﬁgn'd '
‘for the publick good, and F r the of: of allhonell
‘ Country Gentlemen, it mty he accomplillfd without
‘ that Charge; rot-'2‘. ln bringing in a certain quan-
‘tity of more l'olid Emh mixt with Cur-dung, to
‘ mix with the other Ett'fh, which will’cttnduce much
l to the improvement of it.

The Second is to keep the Cultivated Places {ome-
what loWer than the Walks, that the Water which
' fallsupou them, may run into thathound.

Or, Thirdly, throw intothol‘e Cultivated Places all
the Snow which lhzll happen to lie upon the Walks, ‘

and other parts near at hand, during the Winter.
‘ ‘ helé I

!

"iVol. 1, The (wine Gard-3W? 1’5

Thefe. Experiments we have perfuaded our Friends
t to praétife, with great fuccefi;
Sometimes therelies water about three foot under-
I, ground, as it commonly happens at the bottoms of
' Vales, or where there lies a good black Sand; this
', water is naturally raif’d to the top, always keeping
V the Earth in good temper for produéltion. Whereas
on the contrary, water lying within a foot, or fame-'5
what more, being there (iopt by Chalk, Stone, or
ﬁiifClayo, if {ome way be not found to difcharge
this water, the Soil will grow éold, rotten, and ﬁark
nought. ‘
-. In Cold Countries light Earth is to be preferr’d, be-
eaufe ’tis made Warm by a fmall Heat ‘, but on the con-
trary in Hot Countries, a ﬁrm}; fat Soil is bell; the
heat not fo eaﬁly penetrating, or drying up the Plants
Therefore happy are they who pitch Upon a fertile
Soil, without talie, {uﬂiciently deep, moderately
light, pretty free from ﬂonea, neither too ﬁrong and
mo‘iﬂ, nor too light and dry.

 

C H A P. IV.
01’ other Terms ur’d in dzﬁourﬁng of Earth.
Ofwoi‘n-aut Earth.

He moﬁ Fruitful Earth will in time be worn

out by the multitude of its produé’tions; I

mean fucb as are forced upon it: but where it bears
what is only natural and voluntary, as the ground of
a good Meadow, it {offers no detriment; but when
you go about to force it to produce Saint-Fain,
Wheat, or any Grain that is a ﬁranget to it, you’i
foon ﬁnd it to, ﬂacken and abate of its Crop, and in the
end grow poor, and want help to put it into heart
again: ' All

‘f

16 ’17» Corirplete Gard’nerl Vol. I.

All Earth according to the diﬂerent quantities and
kinds of Salt wherewith it abounds, ﬂioots forth as;
veral dilierent kinds of Plants, {ometimes altogether
and at the time time: wirnelsthc ground otgood
Meadows. The like may be (aid of Grounds long
us’d for Vineyards, Woods, Forells, Orchards, 63c.
which when dellroy’d, we cannot expeéi that they '
fhould fucceed again with the fame Plant=, beca ufe
its too much walled. Hit it may do Well for {mallet
Plants, as Pot-Herb:, Peale, Beans, f9}. In this
the Gard’ner mull lhew his skill, in knowing what
Plants fhculd fucceed each other. But if he lhould
be oblig’d to Plant new Trees, in the room of others
that are dead, then there is fome Work to be done ;
ofwhich hereafter. The manner of imploying Earth
you will ﬁnd more at large in the Treatife of Kit-

Chen-Gardrns.

Of Fallon“ Barri).

Fallow, or Etrrh that lies at reli. is fuch as is let’f
unemploy’d, in order to recovw and re-eliablilh its‘
former lruitiulnels : whether by the Inﬂuence of the
Stars, or Rains, 1 determine not; hur’tis plain that
good Earth having been much impair’d,if laid Fallow,
and A little Dung laid thereon, or Straw burnt upon
it, will ealily recover its natural Fertility.

Of Tranfported Eartb;

This Expedient 0F Tranfporting Earth is {Eldom
us’d, unlefs when a Garden is to be midein a place
where there is none that is good, inch Earth does
really improve by thua removing of it, and is evident 3
which proceeds either from the Air, or elfe by mad
king of it loafer, and more penetrable to the

Roots.
Of

Vol. I. The Complete Gard’ ner. ‘ 17

Of New Earth.

New Earth is fuch as never ferv’d to the Nourillli
tnent of any Plant, viz; fuCh as lies Thr e Foot deep;
or as far as you can go,if itbc really Earth; or elfe
Exit/2 that has been a long time built upon, tho’ fox;-

merly it did bear Plantsi bothwhich forts are e363.

trcamely good both for Plants,and Trees. Or likewiﬁe
‘ Hart/3 out of form: Rich Pallure Ground,of 3 Sandy
‘ LoamyNaturewh' reCa‘ttle haVe been long a time fed,
‘is of excellent ufe for moll {arts of Plants, elbecially if
‘it has been thrown up in heaps to meliorate, and have
_‘ taken the Winter F rollsjt will be f0 much the better,

oft/J: Guitar of Gsad Eartb.

There is good and bad of almoll all Colours, but
3tie the Huddle gm) that plealEth melt, and has had
the approbation of former Ages. lbaVe often met
with reddilh and WhlilfhElrt‘ns that have been incom-
parable, but i‘eldom any quite white that deferv’d
that Charaéier. There is fome that is black on the
top of Hills,antl allo in Vales, which is only a dead
Earth ; the molt certain Argument of it’s goodnelsg:
is the Strength, Vigour> Beauty, and largenefs; of the
Plant: and Herb: that it produceth.

 

CHAR v
Of tlze Situation afGardens.

' " S to a Kitchen-Garden, little V allies or lob;
, Grounds are to be preferred to all other Situa"
2 anions,- and have Commonly all the advantages that
can well be delit’d, the Magi-633: and of {efﬁcient
_ _ Q depth;

 

' 19 The Cohmplere Gardmer. Vols 1. ‘

depth, "tis filltCU’ll hy the Neighbouring Hills.- Le.
game: grow here: Ed]: and plenty Waterings are at
hand. But then they are liable to lnundations; by
which Afparagus, Articbnxlg, Strawberriex, US. are u:-
t'crly dellroy’d, whcn they come to belong over-
ﬂow’d.

As For Fruit Gardens. certainly Ground Madenre-
ly dry, and indiﬂ‘rrcnt high are the bull, providfd
it be good in it (elf, and dccp enough.

ll: Choice Fruit: grow not {olztrgc on firshGroundg
ya: it is recompenltd in the: beauty of the Colour,
goodners oF'Faﬂ, and Forwardntﬁ. How delicious
are the \Vinter T/Jorm, Bergamots, Lanﬂzc, Petit-
Oz’m, Louis Bonner, 8m. growing upon an eleVarcd
Ground, compar'd to thofe in a Meadow/ground,
which {hews the importance ot’the Situation of Fruit. -
Gardens. Bur for Fruit: and Legumes, nothing is
beter than a riiing Ground, ii" goodin it rear, the
Waters above cmllantly wafhinqbur not {layingurw
on it, affords it a proper temps!“ the Sun perform- 1
ing its part, and freeing ir from the dangeroECold,‘
which Marfh‘jGrounds are :lleYS {a l ant to.

 

C H A P. VI '

Of the Expofurc ofGam’crzr, gm! tv/Mt may [95
gear! or ill in sir/Der Of them.

Here are Four forts of Expr-ﬁtions, Eqﬂ, M’efz’r

South, and Norrb. Tllt‘lc Terms among Gard-
nen, iigniﬁe the contrary to what they do with Gea- l
grapbm: For the Gard‘ner only intends theft: Parts t
or Walls of the Garden upon which the Sun direC‘tiy '
fhines, and in what manner it ihinea the whole Day; l
either as to the whole, or as to form: titles of it. A; i
for inﬁancc. , I'
. 4 y l

i

VOL I. The Complete Gard‘neri 18
If the Sun at his Riﬁng, and ah the ﬁrﬁ half of the
Day, continues to fhine upon one ﬁde, that is the
Ea]! ﬁde; that upon Which the Sun fhines the latter
half part of the Day is the W’eﬂ; that part where it
ihines longeﬂ: in the whole Day is the Sam/a; and that
tide on which it {hints leaﬁr, is the Non/5. ’Tis
true, that whatever Situation a Garden is in, it muﬁ
have all the Aipeéls of the Sun, except fuch its lie
againﬁ Hills, or the {ides of Mountains; fame have
the tiling, others the {letting Sun: But For fuch as
are Gtuated upon open MainsJ the difference of the
Exporure is not f0 fenﬁbie.

I f your Garden be of ﬂrong Barr/a, and Conﬁguent?
iy Cold, the South EXpoﬁire is beﬂ.

If it be Light, and Hot, then the Eaﬂ is robe prev
fert’d: A Sautbem Echﬁtion is often fubjcét to great
Winds, from the middle cfAung/l, to the middle of
Oflalzer; for Which the Stalk; as the Vsrgaulw, Veré
Languet, St. Germiues, 3c. fuffer much; others do
better reﬁii the Winds, as the Thong-Pears, Ambrem,
La Cbaﬁriet, DryMa’rtim, SEC.

“ Note. That where the Author {peaks ofthe Vin
“ goulest Vert-Longztw, Sta Germines, 43m. Piantzd
“Siandai‘dJ‘, it’s to he underﬂood in reference to
“France; for here in Eaglxed they require a good
“ South Wail; for if thtj; are planted either Stané
“ dank or Dwarﬁ, ifs very rare that they fuc«
“ceed.

The Buffet?! Expofme is {uhjieé'i to North Ea/E
Winds, which withers the Leaves and new Sheets,
eibeciaiiy of Peach-Trees, lowing down much Ker-
nei, and Stone-fruit; moreoverthe Eaﬂem VVaii-trees
have lime beneﬁt of the Rains, which {6-}de some
but from the W eﬂ.

The Weﬂern Expofure dreads the Nettle Wig?
“linds in the Spring‘ and the Autumn Winds, thoﬁ:
throwers down of Fruits. ‘

E g f‘Ai

0-... ~..«,a..

'95 ﬁg Complete Gard’ner. Vol; I.

“'As for the Nortbem Afpcél here in England, we _

“ ﬁnd it molt proper for Baking Fruits, cfptcially
“ Pear: :, alfo fome forts of Plumbs, and Morel: Cher-
“ ties may be planted there, to fucceed the Cherries
9 planted in other Expofures.

In (hart, all Expoﬁtions have their perfeé‘tions,
and imperfections 3 We mull take our beli'advantage
of the full, and ule our bell skill to defend our
{elves againll the lall. '

 

 

C H A l’. VI 1,
Off/ye Cainoenz‘encier of Wittering: for Gan/em.

H E Spring ard Summer are fubjﬂ to great '

Heats, and Scorchings -, for which realon, the
legume: or Plants of that Sealon, acquire the largenefe,
thicknefs, fwemnels, and delicacy wnich they ought to

have; but will be always bitter,'hard, and inﬁpid, un- ‘

lets helpt by long Rains, which are Very uncertain ; or
elfe plentiful Wateringr, which we ought to have at
command : And therefore tho’ {mall Plants, as S;raw-'
berries, Greens, Peale, Beans, Sallads, 5.56. may be {up-
plied by Rain, yet Artichmks of a year or two’s
growth mull haVe a Pitchertwo or three times a week
to every Root,elfe Gnats will annoy them :, the Heads
will be lmall, hard, and dry, and the Suckers will
Only produce learns. -
During Seven or Eight Months, there is generally

a neceﬂity ofwatering all that grow in Kitchen-Gan ~

dens, except Afﬁdragm. Bur April and Ma} being
the two Months for blalling, and drought, there is
often a ncccfﬁty of watering every new planted
Tree, nay fometimes thole that have [lore ofgreen
Fruit, efpecially it' the Earth be dry and light, may
be watered till Auguﬂ, left the Fruit prove (mall,
ﬂony, and not palatable. ‘ , ,

- ' The

eta

Vol. I. The Camp'le‘te Gard’ner; 2 I ,

The molt corhmon, bur worli 0F Waterings is that
of Wells; ’ris true, they are neceﬂlry, Where no bet-
ter can be had ; hut Rain-water, or Rivers, or 3
Canal, or Pond wellﬂored with Pipes, to dilir-ibute
water into the {everal parts of a Garden, are the,
Soul ol’ Vegetation,

CH A P. Wu, and 1x,

That the Garden‘gegbt tale pm], upon a Le«
51161, 5Of h-Pleitﬁziz't Figure, and we” plac’d
Entrance. H ~ '

GReat imqbﬁties tare «gubleﬁ‘ame t'o Gardenr,
. ' «he ohﬁlidﬁtingghﬁﬁﬁdé eaufm'g' great difard-
ers. andfm’txéhi tibhbléiiqii‘eﬁrrhem; fmallunev'en-
neﬂes dams) greet lidrm,_;ée§her"gmd'in adry Earth ;
andye: in Gardeesitbri ihiiihtinelinin'g to "drought, or
that lie high, and shifipﬁfeﬁ‘ﬁéeelftwill be proper
to allow‘ﬂkm’e‘ litrTeinquﬁlify, fuel: a one as may
:be:unperceiveable,‘ and :yet continuein all the Set:-
v'thern \Valkmithat the Water that'in them is of
no are, they iall'td‘replmiﬂl the [ﬁrm of the Treat, 8c,

The belt Figure for a 5:35 or Kite/sen Garden, and
mofhconvenient for Culture, is a Beautiful Square of
liraighr Angles, being b’nce ’andfa half, if not twice ('0
long as "ris broad, wig. " From Forty yards, to.
Twenty, or Twenty/Four, from Eighty yards, to
Thirty Six, or F orty ;- fredroné Hundred and Shay
yards, to Eighty, one Hundred, or one Hundred and
Twenty ; for from Squares it’s moi} ealie to raife uni-
form Beds of Stfamberries, Artecbaalc', Afﬁam‘gmﬁé’q
or ofClm-m’l, Par/Z), (53¢; which cannotwell be done
in an irregular Figure.

If the Kitchen Garden be large, the Entrance
{hould be jail in the middle of that part which has

_ (C 3 ‘ the

a z The Complete Gard’ncr. Vol. I.

the moﬁ extent, as appears by the Figure at the
point A, in order to face an Alley, whicn being of
the whole length of the Garden. will appear ﬂat-i3? ,
by dividing of thewhole length of t’ncGround into two
equal parts, each of thel'e Compoﬁng Squaes or Plots
too long in proportion to their breadths mull: be {ub-
divided into {mallet parts;

 

 

 

 

«he Fmrancc wail-.3 :m: apt‘t‘ut to well in one of
the broad (ides, :25 Lrirt-r B

\Vhen under 2H?LC.lll(_‘{, l have mule line Carﬁens,
Which have had their lt‘mtxmtt- at mo of tlte Corners ;
{itch is the Kitchen Ogden at R47311":r.'1.i2’t, and yet no
body ﬁnds lault, bt‘cmle the Entrance faces a ﬁne
Alley, bordered all along With Elinzfitrl, or VValls
fUl! of Fruit.- ’ " And

W01. I. The Complete Gard’ner- 23‘

And tho’ this Figure be notthe molt perfet‘}, yet
131-th: made a ﬁne Kitchen-Garden of 2.20 yardsin
lugth. and no broad, reﬁmhling the Figure ofa
Lavage; and tho’ the Entrance has been madcin
the middle of the narrowell ﬁde A, yet ’tis not eaﬁe
to dingoilh fo {mallan irregularity; lortho’ the
Angle? areanot tqual. it neverthelefs hinders the
Plea‘s from leaning petfeél in their proportion:

 

C H A p. x, and Xi."

A Garden muﬂ 56 ml! inelas’zl with Wells, and
7:0! fer dzﬂam‘ﬂ'om Ilse I-Iouje.

W12!!- wellgamilhtd, Dwarf} well ordered, and

vigorous; all forts of good Fruit: ofevery Sea-
lci‘, fine Bed: and-Plats furniﬂied Wlih all forts ofLe-
gumm, clean W alks of proportionable largeriel's, neat
Bear: well ﬁli’d wizh ufeful things, a Wellrcon-
'ri’v’cl ﬁ'as'iﬂy of what is neceﬂhry in a Kitcben Gar-
a'in for all Seafotls} lhele are the things that We
ought to haw: in our Gardens, and ferting aﬁde all
mew-r ml Piofpté‘ts, a Garden ought to he incleﬁd
with 1477M}; far belides the lhelter they afford again“:
trouble time Winds and Spring Frolls, it is impof-y‘
{able to have early‘Legumes, and ﬁne Fruit: without‘t
the liflp of them; beﬁdes many things that would i ‘
farce lee able to grow in the hermit part of Summer, '
are aﬁeﬁed by the fiVOU!’ ofa 932”.

In QZQIIDW’EH: are fa necellary,that to multiply them,
Intake 25 rmny little Garden: near the great one as I
camwhenby l have morer’all-Fruit,and better (halter.

Thole Perlons who have Everal Gardens, ’tis ne- 7 ,2
rtﬁéry that thnfe for Haven and Sbrulu, we mean the}, V
Parterr’s lhould face the principal afpeé} oftlw Haul}:
fer nothirg can _be more Charming, than to fee atall‘

C 4, time

24. The Complete Gird’ner; Vol. I,

times on that ﬁde an agreeable Variety of a fucceﬁion I
of Flowers; therefore without prejudicing the Par- ‘
mre, weplace our Gatden in the bell ground we cm 1
ﬁnd near the Houﬁ', of a convenient accefs.

Such as can have but one Gdrt/c’n,it will be far better _
to employ it inFruits and Legumu,than in Box andGraﬁ—
plats; in inch a cafe, ifthe Gwdm be indifferent large,
’tWill be convenient to take the nearcﬁ part of it for a
Patterreﬁeaving' the fell for things of ufé and necefﬁty.

IF the place be not large, then make no Parteire,
but refolvc to employ it in Plant: for ufc, placing the
molt pleafant part of the Kira/Jen Garden mofi in
fightof the Home. A line well plsc’dv Azbqr fgr -
{helter in cafe of a ﬂorm, or to veiw the: Culture of
the Ground, will not do amifs.

 

.—

CH A P. XII.

How tpCorrefl (lefa‘i‘i-veGro:mzz’,€z'tlver as to guzz-
[it], or numz‘ nfqatzm‘if]. '

TH E defaﬁ of Earth may be reduced to Five
Particulars. ‘
1. Had E42112.
~7L. Indifferent.
3. lndifferent good, but mt enough of it.
4... To have no Em!) :zt nil. 1
5. Tho’ the EJ'ti') h:- nt‘v‘. t (i gaod, yet'the great
m iiil'ure to which it may be {ﬂied}, mty make it in-
capable oiimprovcmtnt by mil-Ute.
I 1. If the Ear tb be dcft‘tﬁlive, for that it (links, or
is meet dead, watery Loom, m’ the lion-y, gravei‘fg,
tprfull of Pebles, Vor Only dry‘ Sand. In this Cafe it
{null be taken away to the dt'plll ol'Thtee foot in the t
principal place; of the Garden, "uni. for Trees, and
long rooted Plants, and Two Four for lcffer Hagen,
' i i i ' 'i I I ﬁlling

1

.2

456719910

 

Vol. I; The Complete Gardiner. a;

ﬁlling it up with the belt Mauia' you can get; and if
this he intended for the Garden nexr the Houfe,
it ought to lie TWO or three Foot lower than the
Houle, from whence there ought to be a Balluﬂer,
with fome Reps to come down into this Garden,
which is a great Ornament.

‘ But as to what has been Faid heretofore, as relatin
‘ to a Prince’s Pocket,this may do very well, but the
‘ Charges being to great, it will be hell to ufe the
‘ aforefaid Direéiions, in bringing in a certain quantity
‘ of Dung and Eartb of a more agreeable temper, to
‘ intermix therewith.

As to the Second Cafe, in which the Ground ha-
ving a quricien’t depth, yet the Earth is nevertheleﬁ
but indiﬂerent, either too dry and light, or too
tough and moifl, or elfe too much worn out; in this
cafe, care muﬂ be taken to mend it by mixing new
Emb With it, with this caution, that you mix loomy
Em!) with what is too light, and fandy mould, with
that which is too tough, and that which is really
good, with that which is worn out, unlelé you. intend
it ihould recover it fell by ref}.

“ And as for improving of it by Dung, ohferve
“that all moili Dung, fuch as Cow-Dung, is proper
‘5 to be mixt with light Earth, and Dung ofa light
“ nature to be mixt with heavy Clay, or Cold loomy
“ Earth. . ~

3. if it be really good, but not enough of it to
make Three Foot deep, you mull conﬁder whether
the top of the Earth be of lufhcient heighth 3 'il'it be,
then all that is naught mull be removed, and good
added, to make up the depth reqttir’d.

If the waters are naturally in the Earth, they mull
either be tum’d aﬁde at a diﬂance, by Gutters, or
Drains; or elfe you muﬂ: raifc the whole Plan, or
oaly the great Bed: upon ridges, making deep F ur=
rows to ferve for Paths. I

' l

26 The Complete Gard’ner. Vol. I.
If theft: moiﬂurcs are only occaﬁon’d by great

Raine, you mul’t ul‘e the fame Remedy, by railing the

Emir, and making Gatters or Drains to ear: y it off.

 

CH A P. Ylll.

Hts Chap cr treats of the Slopings, Ratﬁngs and

{alltngs in a Garden, and 15; ju'dp‘ d (0 be ofno

:Ittfe, by renfon ol the inﬁnite ‘e’dfl’tIlCS whtch are to

i be found in Grounds, and lot which no certain Dio
“rc&ions can be laid down.

(

 

c H A P. AXIV, XV, XVI, and XVII.

9" [be Diﬂrzﬁm‘ on of [be Grown! of 4 Fruit
and Azrclvcn-Gardezz.

Good [thbm Gard: n 0.11qu to be pls..tiFul m
its produtlion'. ‘ rte abletu the l_‘.‘.':‘ , and con-
Victtient for Walks and Culture F0 wl: ch purpofs,
ﬁt {hﬂhd be employd wi h all tht gmd order and
rated see that may be, wl h Pmrm a. d Seed: fuztcd
mthe Everal par'st.l' tr: 1 mull be dillriburcd mto
convenimt Sgum: or Pats, 'tth \Jall:s very near,
well plsced and 0t {unable ltz , which mull nevcrbe
narrower than nve or ﬁx Fact, be the Garden never
5?) fmall -, and oug'ntnut to exceed Eighteen or Twen-
be the Imem Gara’cn never 1'0 large.
In a {mall Garden, the Entranmv ought tobein' the
mldllnl tlmtbr cadth, with only one Walk of abouc
Six Font.
‘“ The Author enlargeth Farther, a53u' the‘ dilfer.
“ence of \ValLs whish is 1 tlged usedl 13.5 , as alfo
“ w‘ut he adds far? net in this(‘.' tapter, rclati..g to
_“@';.1J.'i: a, whim is making aimumgmus to the

f‘ Reade r

lVol. I. The Complete Gard’ner.‘ 27

"“ Reader, and not ﬁt to be put in praélice in Eng-
"“ land, according to the method us’d in France, where
”’3‘ Efimllier: are more frequent than Walls.

For a Garden of Twenty or Twenty Four yards,
I whether the Entrance be at the middle or on one ﬁde;
i in both Cafes the works ought to be {even Foot broad,
rnay Eight or Nine, in that which is parallel to the
i F rent of the Houle.

 

 

C H A P. XVIII, and XIX

“TH ESE Chapters Treats of Gardens of vari-
“ ous Sizes, from Thirty to Forty Yards; from
“Fifty to Sixty, and f) on, proceeding to Gardens
“of an extraordinary lize, but the Direé’tions are
f‘judg’d to be of very little or no ufe.

 

C H A P. XX, and XXI.

Of the manner qf Cultivating Fruit—Garden:
am! of Tillage.

F we would have our Tree: particularly our Dwarf;
and tall Standards, well fed, Very vigorous, and
agreeable to light, we mull take Care. '

1. That they be not too near one another.

9.. That no forts ofPlant: be near them, which may
inwardly ﬂeal their nourilhment, or outwardly hinder
the refrefhings and helps they are to receive by Rain,

y or Dew.

Take care to keep the Bart]: always light and clean,
and therefore often Cultivated, that the Earl]; may be
nourilhed borh by the Rains, Sun , and Dem, To which
end, we mull be careful to till, amend, and cleanfe
the Ground, as often as it requires.

‘ ' ”he

. 28 The Complete Gard’ner.' Vol. I.

Wlmr Tillage is. T“

Tillage is a moving or (lining, which being per-
form’d on the top of the Ground, enters to a certain
depth, and makes the lower and upper parts change
place.

EMF: that ts hot and dry, mull be Til/d tn Sum-
mer time, either a little before, or whillt it Rains, or
than after, or when there is lilcrlyhood of more; at

A. A ,4 ;_<.‘.._._+.M.~smr~

which time, you can neither Till too often, nor too ’ t

deep; but ( by the Rule of Conttaries) they mul}
{eldom be Til/d in WT}! hot weather, unlefs theyhe
Water’d immedietel y aiter.

Edt‘tblhat is cold, ﬂtong, and moiﬂ’, muﬂ: never
be Tfrﬁ’d in time of Rain , but rather during the greatell;
Heats,

But we find tint there are {everal Grounds that
will not work till after Rains ; at which time it’s the
beli time fll‘ Tillmg, and bringing it into Order.

Thel lrequent Tit/inn hinder put of the goodne?‘ of
the Eartblrom being walled by the growm and not:-
rit’hment ol ill P/tmtt, hut thefe l t ling: are not wholly
fofhcient, unlefs one be taken to Hoeand pull up thofe
ill Vl’eeds which ufually grow in Summer and Au-
tumn, and multiply without end, iftquer’d to run to
Seed. But (by the hy) you mull know, that in the
times that Tree: bloilom, and Vme: (hoot, range is
Very danget=ou .

To dry Hart/3:, lallaw a large 01': mt c or Tillage
at the entrance ol Winter, and the like as loan as ’tis
pail; that the Snows and Rains of the Winter and
Spring may ealily ﬁnk Into the Earth. But to llrong
and moili Emil: I allow but {mall I iilage m Oﬂobar,
only to remove the Weeds and {lay to give them a
large one at the end of Agni, or beginning ole},
when the Fruit is per lcéily Knit, and the great Moi»
ﬂung over.

\ Ruin:

v01. 1. The Complete Gard’m ‘ =9

Rain-water ﬁldom links above a Font deep, hut
water of Snow Two or Three Foot, as being much
heavier than Rain-Water, and as it melts {lowly and
by degrees from the undermolt part of the Mafs of
Snow, (0 it {oaks with more cafe, not being hindred
by the Wind or Sun.

Therefore I dread much Snow‘upon ﬂrong moiii.
Grounds, and order it to he remov‘d from about the
Fruit-Trecl. So in dry Earth gather it as 9. Mega-
zine ot moiﬂure to the South-em Expoﬁtions,

 

C H A P. XXII, and XXIII.

Of Amendments, or Improvement: am!
Dungs.

Mendmemr are a bettering and improvingﬁf
Earth, which improvement is made with all fans
ofDungs, according to the temper and employment
of the limb. As for Irritance there mull: be a great deal
of Dung to produce Pot-berlu, which grow abundantly
in a ihort time, and quickly {ucceed each other in a
{mall compals of Ground. On the other ﬁde, Tree:
require but little or none for their Nouriihment, be~
caufe being ['0 long a growing,they make but inconﬁ-
derable prcduﬁions, compar’d to the Ground they
take up; and tho’ they remain long in the fame
place, yet by the help of their roots, which ﬁretch to
the right and left, they make aihift to pick'upfar
and near the nouriihment that is ﬁt for them.

Now ﬁnce the great defeéis of Earth are too much
moiﬂure, coldneilc, and heavincﬁ, allolightneié, and
an inclination to patching, f0 amongﬂ Dungs, fame
are fat and cooling, as that of Oxen, and Cam;
others hot and light, as that of Sheep, Horfer, and
Pageom, 6:. And whereas the Remedy muléphavc
' trusts

Vol. I. The Complete Gtzrd’ner. gt
Virtues contrary to the Dillempcr it is to Cure-7 there-
fore hot and dry Dungs mull be us’d in cold, moiﬂ;
heavy Earths, and Oxen and Com-Dung in lean dry
light Earths, to make them fatter and cloiier.

Not that thefe two forts, tho’ the principal are
the only materials for amendment of Bart/J; for up.
on Farm-Lands, all forts of Stuifs, Linen, Flefb,
Skin, bones, Nails, Hoofs of Animals, Dirt, Urine,
Excrements, Wood, Fruit, Leaves, Afhes, Straw,
all manner of Com or Grains, Soot, {‘35. In fbort,
all that is uponnr in the Earth (except Stones and
Minerals ) form: to amend and better it. '

‘ The roll of this Chapter our Amber makes ufe of
‘in PhilLprhizintz, which is little to our parpofe,
‘ who have regardonly to his experience,and matter
_‘of,fat‘l; We proceed therefore to that of Dungs.

Of Dung:

In Dung: there are two pecu‘hr properties; one
is to fatten the Ezrr/J, and render it more Fruitful ;
the other to produce a certain Sénhble heat, capable
of producing {ome conlidereble eﬂeé}. The lall: is
feldorn found but in Hat-ﬁ- and Mule-Dung, newlv
made, and ltiila little maid; which indeed is of
wonderful ufe in our Garden: in the Winter; it then
animating and enlivening all things, and performing
the Ofﬁce which the heat of the Sun daes in Su.r -
met; for being laid in Couches, it affords us all the
Novelties of the Spring; as Cucumbers, Radiihes,
{mall Salads, an Melons, and all thefe long befare
Nature can anrd them. In great Frolls it tupplies
us with Greens and Flowers, ed which is very rare,
early Aﬁmagur.

When ’tis old, the heat bting wholly pal}, but
not rotten, it: preferees from the Cold what the F rolli

might dellroy, and thttefore ’tis us‘d in Winter tor
COV€f

it

‘-'n»-n .4 '

j; 0 "E736 (omlbiete Gard’ncri- Vol. I.

,«g.
gt;

Fig‘Tl'SCS, ArtichoakS, SUNNY, STlle’Y, E3“
all e, great value in Gard’ning; and flit” all, being

VET '
f‘
n?

- rotten, it fetves to amend the Ground.

The time for Amendment: is from the beginning: of
November, tilltowards the end of Marcia. became this
Dung would be of no eﬁin the Earth. if the Rains did
not rot it ; luch as is us’d at Other times, only grows
dry and mully, and (0 far from being kind, that ’tis
pernicious and fatal to Vegetables 2, for where there is
a large quantity of it,a multitude of large white Worms
breed in it, which gnaw all the tender things they
meetwith ail. Now ﬁnce the Winter is the only EXC'
time Fot‘amendmenc; our Garden mull no: lole any
part of it, neither minding the Quarters of the Moon,
nor the Winds, whatever they be, they being only
troublefome and uflefs OblEtVations 5 and 8: only to
{et off a viﬁonary and talkative Gard‘ner,

Sametimes there is a necelliry of Banging largely,
and pretty deep in the Ground, and (ametimes’tis
enough to turn the teplightly. _ _

1 look upon Sheep’s Dung as the bell of all Dong,
and mol’t promoting fruitfulnefsin all forts of Earth,
the Treatile of Orange Tree: will {haw more particu-
ly how I value it above all others -, La Poudret, anti
the Dung of Pigeons and Poultry 1 feldom ufe, the
one is too (linking, and the other is full of little Fleas
very prejudicial to Plants. .

The Laws of Tree: rotted in fame mail} place,
are rather Soil than Dung ; and are better (pread to
ﬁcure Earth from patching; than to Warm the inﬁﬁ:
of it.

Tcrreau, orSoils, that Dung, which havingl‘eev'd
for Gaucher, or Hot-Beds, is confum’d to that d».-
grée, that it becomes a fort of Mould'7 which then
is employ’d no longer for Dung to fatten, but like
Earth for ﬁnal! Plants, that may be laid Seven or
Eight Inches deep upon new Bud", for Salladséiﬁlfa-

1 es

g: The Complete Gard’nerI Vol. l.

difhes, and Legumes, that are to be tranfported, or ,
to remain , as Mellow, Cucumberr, hard Lettuce 55c, _'
abour Two Inches thick. It is allb laid over Bart/J:
new fown at Spring, and in Summer, when they are ;

too dry of themfelvcs, and are lu'cjeé’c to harden and
chop by heat, by which the 5: ed Would dry up, and
not be able to get thro’ the hardnels of the Edit/J,
in {uch cafe, tis usd to preferve the moiilure ob—
tain'd by Tillage, and Waterings, and to hinder the
Birds from picking of the new Seedr.

Afhes of alllorts, Would be of great we in Amend-
menu, if we had enouglxot them, Lur that not being
poﬂibl e We u.e them only about the feet of Fame Fig-
Treer, and others

Some value Turf For Amendments, but I look upon
it as only ﬁt to produce of it felt, nor to make another
Edrtb Fruitful. I have a great value for the Earl/J un-
der (thurff, as ’ris new Earth, never wrought, and
.confequently fruitful, and good for FruitéT'ree: :,
or elle fo, after the fame manner as } haVe caus’d‘
Dung: to be employ’d for deep Amendmerm.

 

C H A P. XXIV.
W/Jetber‘ it :56 proper to Dzmg Trees.

OR the Refolution of which Point,our Experi-
enced and Learned Author pro poles Five Q take
‘to thofe Gentlemen who aﬂert’ tis proper to Dung
‘ Treer.
1. Whether they mean all forts of Trees!
2. Whether Fruit Tree: only P
g. Whetherjf Frur'tTreer, they mean all in gene;
ral, to preferve the vigorous, and recover the inﬁrm P
4. Whether they have a Rule for the quantity of
Dung to be allow d each, and where it l‘nould be laid. 9
5 Whether

e to «an»;

r ' '22:?

' Vol. I. . The Complete Gardner; 3;

5-. Whether they. fhould be Dung’d in all forts of
.' Barth: good and bad 2 _
.f After all the Anfwers that 'can poﬂihle he {oppo-
l fed to begiven to there Queries,he gives a full and con-
' vincing Conl‘uration of them, as the effec} of his many
years great Experience, and thereby proving it wholly
improper to Dung Tree: 5 no not fo much as the lnﬁrm,
of whom he givesthe following Charaé'ter, wig, An
‘ inﬁrm Pear-Tree is not always concluded lb, by reafon
' of its producing yellow Shoots Iince ﬁrm: that are very
vigoroua produce Leaves old-lat colour aonly they are
{uch upon which fame old Branches die, or fuch, of.
which the ends of the new Shoots wither, or produce
none at all g or continue Setbby, fullol Canker: and Mrﬁ,
yet bloilom extremely but little of the Fruit knits,.énd
that which does, remains fmall, ﬂony, and bad. Ru:
when the Tree chances to produce large yellow Shooﬁ,
Which often happens to Tome Pear: grafted upl‘btl
Quinccﬂcckr, which being Planted in a dry Ground,
are notwithﬁanding in a good Condition ; this defeat
of yellow Leaves, proceeding from {ome of the prin-
cipal Roots lying level with the Ground, whereby
they are parched by the great heats oFthe Summer;
An uccmmr of the Dil‘Eafcs of Tree: he gives a!
large lathe Filth Part;

c H A P. XXV.

What fort of Earth is moﬂ proper far we}
[rim] of Fruit-Tree.

- H E Wildings of Pear-Trees, Apple-Titer; c-
ven thofe call’d Paradice, Plumb-Traci, and F13“

Trees, agree well with all forts of Bart-Iv, hat and
dry, cold and moiﬂ, provided the Ground be deep
enough, wig. Two Foot and a half, or Tree Foot
D Fig

I

~ 34. 777:: Complete Gard’ner. Vol' I.
Fig-Tree: require much let's ; ﬁance-Tree: thrive :
not in dry light ground, foon growing yellow? Alon
wand: and Peaches thrive bettter in thisrhan in ﬁrong 1

' 54%. which makes them too l‘ubjeft to Gum; fuch
l’tro'ngEartbs are litter For Plnmln, (mall bitter Cigar-
rier, Gaorberrin, Radian} Buﬂm, €939. Vines tkrive
and produce better Grapes in certain dryGl'GUdeS,
than in ﬂrong cold Earth: 5 Cherries thrive pretty well
in light Ground. J

Earth has not the lame tﬁ'eé‘t a: to the good talleof ‘
Fruiu, as it has to the vigour of Tree: g, for the Wm:
ter Ba’n-Cbreﬂicn, Pm’t Oin, Lanﬁzc, and Thom Pear,
€910. will be always inﬁpid, and molt ofthem liony,
Or mellow in Ground that is C'1ld and molll: whe-
ther grafted on a Fiﬁ/ding, or a (Quince-Stock efpecr-
ally For Dwarf Vtandards. ’Tis the lime with Peaches
ﬁnd Pavia, fie. Thole kind of Plum require a pretty
dry Ground, at leall one that's Well drain'd by Gur-
ters, or. contriv’d thccnts.

In lbort, Tree! are commonly vigorous in ﬁrong
Earl/’2, but the Fmir {cldom ﬂ) well talled, as thofe we
ﬁnd in drier Grounds.

Belldes Tillage and Amendments, your Garden
mull be always kept clean, the Vt’alks kept tree from
Stones and Vt’eeds, as ltkeulie the whole Ground,
The Tree: llmrld be always free from Cater-pillars,
Snails, Mats, file.

Having thus ftr gone upon the true Senfc and Ex-
perience of the Author, we conclude this Second Part,
and proceed to the Third.

The Era! of :13: Second Part

OF

Vol. I. The (Onzplete Gard’neri 35

 

 

. 0F
FRUIT—GARDENS,
AND

Kitchen-Gardens,

 

 

VOL. I._ PART. In.

 

A Preliminary Difcourfe Shewing the Order;
Method , amz' Deﬁgn ofthz’s Part, chieﬂy re-s
lating t0 Fruit-Trees.

‘ R 11 IT, as it was our Primitiw, and mall EX»
‘ cellent as Well as molt innocent Food, whilf’t it
‘ grew in Paradi/é ; a Climate (a benign, and a
‘Soil (0 richly impregnated with all that the Inﬂu-
‘cnces of Heaven could communicate to it 3 {0 has it
‘ ﬁill preferved, and retain’d no {mall Tinaure of us
“Original and Celeﬂial Virtue. And tho’ it has. in‘
‘ this Degenerate State of the World, ceas’d to be the
‘ genuine and natural, as well as the moﬂ Innocent
‘ and wholefome Diet; (when the Dag: of Man were a!
‘ the day: of Heaven, Long and Healthful, and woull
‘ yet approach tbem,had no: Mens intempera'nce, Wan-
‘ ton and deprav’d Appetites, fubﬂituted the Shambles,
f and Slaughtetfd Flejh to debauch us) yet after all the
I.) 2. EBVentions’

 

U “1‘:qu I" 'l l -_ “SW 31"“; 1. ‘ - -- t“&~l§-. t; vtlmICV'Wﬁ‘Y-g‘ w‘o

.‘.
9
2

it?

36 Tbe'complete Gard’ner. V01; 1.};

‘ InVentions of the moﬂ luxurious, and Voluptuous is
‘”Epicwe‘:, the molt Cteﬂzrion Tablts would want of}
‘their Magniﬁce’nce, ﬂOblt‘ll’ Gull, aﬂd grateful Rcé -j-
« lifh without Emir, and the Produé‘trion of the Garden I
ewhich gives the true Condiment, and malt agreeable}:
tclofure to all the tell. "l‘is from Pratt, and Salura- -
try Plait, that halides the Nou‘ifhmcm they yield 1
ms) We receive the Sovueign Elixirr, prepar’d, and i
s extraéted by natural Chum/lg and/Solar Fire, of Vir- -
s we to Attemptir and Alloy the Ebzd/itim: of the Blood, .,'
‘and fweeten its Salme Acramon} in the hotteﬂ Climax 1
c and Seafonsya'nd with their Cordial 3’m‘cer,to Recreate,
cChear, and Rcﬂorethe exhaulled Spirits, clog’d and
‘diﬁurh‘d by what they have Cttntreéted from thoﬁ:
‘ full. Meals of Fla/hand groﬂlr Al" tents : Parents ofa at:
‘ Thouﬁmd Difealt‘s and Inﬁrmities : So that tho’ pol; -
‘ ﬁhly it might not by lonae be reckoned among the ab— -
, ﬁlute Necqmrie: of Lifezjt ought at lesll he number’d i
‘ among thofé Conveniencer, Without which we lhould l”
‘lofe an inﬁnity of that Pleafw'e, and innocent Cantem- -
t ‘ ment, which ﬁrms in pity [0 have been leit us, to x
‘ Charm and Allcviate theCm-er and .‘17:xicti€3 which have,, .
‘ ﬁnce the F.d/,l)i)!l) lhortsn‘d and its-.biz'tcr’d Life. And,,l
if after all our Labour to Rt'pair what the 'choicells'l
‘and molt d:‘t.cious Fruit has been dc-{poil'd'oﬁ ﬁnceé
‘ it grew in Pmndt'fé ( but which we ﬁnd by lnduﬂry ’t
‘antt‘: Culture fo tar ('thllt’d and reﬁor’d) it does nott
‘arriVe to that Tran/éendenr lierfté‘tinng much lefs do,“
any ArtiﬁcialSupp'emenr,as have. all this while uﬁlrp’d i
‘the Place of that our more Innocent, Primitive”:

‘ and Natural Food, {if ctentl to come in Competition.
‘ It is then Upu‘l'l this At‘Cnum, and with Reafon ,,
‘ that Naturally all Men, Prmcercﬁxtlally, and great;
‘Perfons, have in all Ages anti (.iviliz’d Countries;
‘ endeavour’d to cherilh and inCout-age the Culture 084
‘ Fruit; and to have fpacious Garden: and ngn‘mg’?
fnot only cutioufly contriv’d fotwl’omp and~ch§mnm

‘but

. ’
l l
. r \

5‘

in. H-Ii

3‘1"”: I .
0

Wow. T be Complefe Gatd’mr? 37

J" ‘ bu: {urnifh’d with varieties of the moi} beautiful

”choice, and delicious Fruits, as Royalddjanﬂr to’

J

i

F

Ki

t

‘their ﬂatelieﬂ Palaces, and Rural Eﬁater. ‘

‘ We haVe already {hew’d, how near fame Fruit: d
“(by the Gara’m-r’: skill and care) approach Pericaion,
‘ﬁrpetinr to any the richeii Mixturel, neeeﬂary to
‘Foad, Health, and [{efreﬂamem; nor is there perhaps
‘in all Nature’s Circle, vai‘t as it is, wherewith to
‘tzharm. and. at once, Content more Senfes, than do

'1‘ ‘ {time Fruit:(p€1f:& in their kind) us’d with Mode-

‘ ration, and as becomes us in all things she.

‘ To Illuiirate this a little, let us but take a turn or ’
«‘two in a well-contriv’d and Planted Garden; and fee
‘ what a furprizing Scene prefents it {elf in the Vernal
‘ Bloom, diflhﬁng its fragrant and Odoriferous 14/2: :1,
‘ with their ravifhing Streets: The tender Blryffvm: cuti-
‘ ouily cnatnell’d -, the variouﬂfﬁgur’d 81143233 oi: the

' ‘ verdantFoIiugr-dancing abounandlmmzm‘lmg the laden

f Bram/Be: of the choiceli Fruit-,fome hiding their hluih»
‘ ing Cheek: 3 others dit‘pltying their Beautz'aﬁnd even
‘ Courting the Eye to admin,“7 others the Hand to G4-
‘ zber, and all of them to Tafie their delicious Pulpﬂan
‘ any thing be more delightfulghan to behold - amp/e
‘Sguure ( in a benign Aflvcﬂnaptﬂred and adorn d with
‘ fnch a gloriouéEmbmidery of Fc/Ioam,and Frutages,de-
‘ vending from the yielding Roughnpregnant with their
‘ Oﬁlfringﬁnd pouring forth their Plenty and Store,as
‘ our of lo many Amalia-m Harm? fame tiné’tut’d with

, ‘ the lovelieii W’lsize and Red; others,an [ﬁgurine-Purple;

_‘ orhe:s lirip’d with Incarnaa’irze,as over a 'Ixﬂite of Vege-

\ ‘ table Gold, Colaztrs of an Oricucy, that mock the PCncil
_ ‘ of the mall exquilitc Amﬂ; and with which their

‘ native Beauty, Perfume, Fragrancy, and Taﬂe, gratiﬁe

v‘ ‘and entertain more Senfes at once, than does any

, 51151102”) Objefl, in all un-vitiated Nature belides. .
‘ No wonder then, if after all 'the enormous Ex-
fpence and Treafurc, that Prince: and Grm Perﬁms
D g ' lay

nm;":=vu'

‘ —- _

38 The 01;}:er Gm‘d’ner, Vol.1.

‘ lay out in Railing Supub and magniﬁcent Shuﬂures,
‘ and Country Sun, ( built for Pump, and outward E-'

r ‘ legancy)‘thc: Garden: be neglet‘hd, {o as not to an-

‘ (wet, or be but Con'tmptihlc : they are deferv’dly
-' look'd upon as Impcrﬁft, naked heaps of Stone and
9 folitary M4025, deleﬁive and uielelé to all thofe lau-
‘ dable and noble Purpoﬁs we have enumerated ; and
=‘as other Blcﬂings which impruv’d N4ture,With lo boun-
‘tiFul a handﬁratiﬁcsher Friends and F avourersfumilhe
‘ ing the Owner: with ('0 many ul'elul, and highly ne-
‘ ceﬂéry ConVeniencies, , as fweetens their agreeable
‘ Food and Indullry,with the mol’t wholelome and in-
‘ nocen: Diverlion; in a Word, (0 has this part of A-
‘ grjculmre obtain‘d-7 as not only to have been thought

" worthy the Contemplation and Rectum/Jag of the Pro-
" foundeﬂ’ Phi/4217b”: ( as Well as Poet: and orator: ) but

‘of the Mighticﬂ: Pctmmres, becoming Soul: great
‘ and large ,25 was that ofSolamm’s in all his Glory,
‘ Can there then be any thing more Admirable, and
‘ indeed delirahle ( til not forbidden l’lc‘zﬂtre ) than to
‘ lee, not only the F714;: and Labcur 0.5 our own Hgna’;
‘ to thrive and prolper abour our HdblUZiOP-S; but
‘ to intich, and improve our Nun: Store with the at:-
‘ thﬁtm of Esrergn C untries, excellent, and can-
‘ ﬁttnnmtc in thci: kindt ; and to pullers within our own
‘ [Val/5, all that is to {are and Elt‘gant P in lhort, a
~‘l24nfomly contriv‘d, and w: ll fornilh‘d Fruit-Garden,
‘ is an Epitcm} ol eradzjé, which was a moll glorious
9Place Without a Pelace;but It) can no Palace be,
‘ wirhour what it) manly trltmblts it‘ without a Gar-
'den: And now, that tuch it may be, is the 0423:;
‘ of the eniuiu g Dean)? 3 made Sbarr, Eaﬁe, and Pica~
5193:, as was-thegLabour otthxt duicious Spa: 5 and to
957:: it from thule almoll inﬁnite, and infopportable
t‘ Incumbmmu, with which thi: agrrable, and (in it
‘ felt ) Ealie Art, has hitherto been clog’d' and abUS’d,
f deliyetzd to us in to many Valmzmm W’s-1k, as have

i , i i i ii i i been

Vol.1. The Complete Gard’ner' 39

i been phblilh’d ~, but which, in truth, {crve rather to
‘ Tire, Diffraﬂ, and Difcourage, than uftfully to Iaﬂraé},
‘ In order to 212:), the Author: of this Epitome have

‘ endeavom’d to {haw (beﬁdes the De/igm'ng, Dreﬂing,
‘ Preparing, and Incqumg of the Ground) now to diliin-
‘ guilh and Diﬁ‘riminate the leveral kinds of Fruit,
‘ and how to make the moll: Ezzdiciom Choice; of what
‘ Number: to compofe the Plantation; and in what Series,
‘ Oner, and Method to place them ; that they may fo
‘ anlwer to the feveral and refpeétive Sealons, always
‘ :0 gratiﬁe the Care and Culture of the Gard’mr, Lord,
‘ or Maller of the Plantation, with whatis mol’c excel-
‘ lent of the lEveral Kinda, in an uninterrupted Circle,
‘ and perpetual fucceﬂion, from the beginning ofthe
‘ Year, to its ending; together with whatfoever elle
" is requilite to continue, and maintain the Plantation
‘ in the condition and Perleélion it ought to be: And
‘ this, with a frank and generous Communication of all
‘ that ( by long Stud}, Experience, Labour, and no {mall
‘ Expence, they have been able to attain, without the
‘ lt ati, Referee or Self inure/i, as a willing Tribute which
, they gratefully tiller to thofe Great Perﬁm,Noble and
‘ worthy Gentlemen, who have honour’d their Proﬁﬂlon
‘ and Employment 5 or {ball at any time hereafter accept
‘ of their future Service, and in a word, for the Beneﬁt
‘ of all in General. Laﬁly, we do with all deference,
‘ and jult relpeé}, pay our Acknowledgment: to the late a
‘ llluﬁrious Monﬁeur de la Quintin), the mol‘: knowing
‘ Dircam of all the Fruit and Kitchen-Gardens of the
‘ Royal Family at Verfaillex; where by his Conduél:
‘ and Direction, that Augult Menard) has, with luch
‘inﬁnite coil and encouragement, outdone all that
‘ we Readof Ancient, or can ﬁe of Modem, in Hortical-
‘ ture’s Magniﬁcence, advanc’d to its utmoi’c Acme and
‘ Perfeaion, In which undertaking they proceed in
f the following Method and Order. ,

PM}, Having ﬁrﬂ told you, that by Fruit here is

D 4. no:

40 The Complete‘Gard’ner. Vol, I

not meant any of thofe that creep upon the Ground
or grow on Shrubs; as Crrcumlzers, Melons, Strawberries?
Currants, Scc. Which we intend to treat of in the
Sisttb Part} whofe Subjeé}isofIthlve‘n‘Gardtm. ' We
{hall only inﬁll upon there here which grow upon per-
{66} Trees, '35 of VVaﬂrTrees, Dwarfsg or Standards.

Second/y, To the bell Sorts are given the mol’t ample
and lively Der’triptiOn that pothble may he fram’d,
and liltewife the apteli Nsm's, and melt received 21-;
mongll the molt judicious {ortof Curioﬁs ;» which
are commonly dcriv’d from f me principal >Qualities,
wherewith they “Flea: the St's'tit's ollthc Eyeund Ta/Ie,
and canﬁ‘quently dt‘nntc {omething of the Nature of
the thing, of which they are the Names. " .

“ The Author here ”mentions that he has tailed ar'
“ have three hundred levcral ibrtsoi Pears, different
“ one from another, without ﬁnding above thirty that
“ are Excellent. ‘

Great AlloWnncits are to be made to the ﬁcltlenef:
of Sealons; cl which we 2er not Mallets; as 'alfo tf
the Divcrﬁty 0F Sui/s and C/mmrcs, whichare almuli in.
ﬁnite-7 and to the: Name hi the State of the Tree,
which is lbmcrimes good and {ome'imes had .7 and
laﬂly, to the l\"l;1nnt:‘r or Figure it; which the leveral
Bees grow and pi‘ntltlt‘t‘. ' '

\ ~ ‘ 1‘"

k.
n

l .
7

 

They are all Points that require a great deal of"

Conﬁderaticzn, 3rd very much I we to halhince the
opiniOn of thole that would l'itigt“ 0i tr-t-rm. There
are fometimes ill Pmrs to he found among [ilt‘ Tat/gale“,
the LeclseﬂErecs? the Amlnrtrs, the Thorn Pears, Sic.
And but lcurVy Peaches among the Minsom. Magda/em,
Violets, Admimln'es, SEC. and bad ‘P/umbs among the Pcr-
Range»; ', ”fame had Grafe: taming the Mufcattsand lome
bad Figs among thole that are Clit't‘KllL‘d. This may per-
haps allorrilh (amt: curiom Perltms -, but tho’ in cer-
tainﬁfort of Good Fruits, there may be fome defcﬁive,

er it follows no: From thence that the whole Kind
iltould be réjcﬂfd ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ So

”1

l

V01... 1- The Complete Gord’ner. 4.!

So that a Fruit may prove ill one year, or in fuch
certain Expoﬁtions, which may harm: appear’d Good
feveral years before. So on the other hand, that Fruit
which was Good this year, Was not to be endur’d for
fbme proceeding years. It remains now that We only'
add fome few other Cautions and Remarks worth
your Conﬁderation, and f0 proceed to the Treatife"
it Elf. - A ‘

Fir/t, The Cutting and Trimming of Tree: retards
the quick bearing of them, yet beeaufe it Contributes
both to the beauty of the Tree and Fruit, it {hould
not be negleéted.

Second, The time that Kernel Fruit-Tree: require»
before they attain to a ﬁt Age for Bearing, is (one
with another) about Four or ﬁve years, tho’ ﬂame
advance fooner than others, ’as is fpeciﬁed in their
particular Delcriptions; yet in the {ucceeding Years
they hear more plentifully than the Stonevait.

Third, That Stone Fruit Fxgr, and Grape:,are ufually
not above three or four Year: before they bear conﬁ-
dcrably, and in the ﬁfth and ﬁxth Ye-zrs bear their-
full Crops; which they continue, if well order’d,and
in favourable places, many years after.

Fourth, in than: Grounds in the fame Climate
Fruit will Ripen ﬁfteen days or more before fume o—
thers, not far off from them, in Ground of a dilierent
Temper.

Ptfib, The dilierence of Hot or Cold Summers does
fleal morecmliclerably forward, or fer b-iClC the fame
Pruitt, of one and the fame Climate and Sealon.

Sixth, Fruit: of good Wall Tree: ripen a little be—
fore Standard: in every Garden, and thole of Stan--
dad: a little before thofe on Dwarfx.

Seventh, Among Walf~Tree:, the Fruit: of [hole in
the South and Ea/t‘ Quarters do comonly Ripen much
about the fame time, fave only that the Sour]: has a lit-=5
tie the ﬂat: of other, and that thofe on the Will

are

 

 

, .Vv.‘ _

t

42 Tire Complete Gard’ner. Vol. I;

are later by eight or ten days, and more of the Nartb
by ﬁfteen or twenty.

"Thefe are Remarks in France, which the Aurhor
‘ treats of: For the 54/1 and VVe/l 104”: come to early
‘there, and the North-mm in fuch a Time after
‘rhem.Yer we rejeét planting any thing againﬂthore
' North-wall: to be eaten Raw ; but only Pear: for bak-
‘ing, Plumbr,C/:crrier,8(c. for baking or preférving,Ex-
fcept fame Cherries that come after the others.

Cold, heavy, moill Ground: produce indeed the
Faireﬂ and Large“ Fruit, but the hotter, drier, and
Iighter Soils, the more Delicious and rich Taﬁed,
and efpecially omeper.

When Fruit: are laid up to Keep, not only
the Fruit of every (on, butcf every particular Tree,
and every feVeral Expo/arc, is to be laid in parcels by
them‘t‘elver, that it may more preciltly be known
when each of them is Mellow, and how long they
will keep; and that the different Edicéis of Groundr,
Expo/Mom, and Form! of Tree-r, may be the more
exactly obferv’d.

 

CH AP.

Vol. I. 772: Complete Gard’ner.‘ 4,;
C H A P. I.’

Of Standard Pears to plans.

Tandard Trees do not at all accommodate little
S Gardens, as Dwarfs do 3 the {bade of Great
Ines being deﬂruﬂive to every thing site which
Wemight plant there; we will therefore plan:
no Standards but in great Gardens; and here re-
gard mull be had to plant them at a good di-.
France from any Walls, excepting theft: of the
North.

Now for this purpofe We {hould chufe Trees
of thoﬁe forts of Fruit: which are not Very big,
and yet are of great increafc, and are good when
they fall, that is to fay, cf fome Summer Fruits,
hecaufc their {mallnefs preferves them from brui-
Eng, and their ripeners which loofens them from the
Tree makes them ﬁt to be eaten prefcntly with Plea-
fure, when any of them happen to be batter’d in fal-
iirsgt Or elfe, t

\Ne {houid chuie thofe kinds which hold fall
by their Stalks, and iuch wth Fruit are very
hard in themfelves, as are theimailVVinter Fruits,
and bakeing Pears, R) that they are noteaﬁly {hala-
en down by Winds, not when they tail, {0 apt to
be much endamaged thereby,

Among the Summer Fruit: proper to be planted
in the form of Standard Trees, are comprehended the
Riﬂe/ct, the Cuzﬂe-Maa’ampr the great BIanquet, or {hf—‘1
Masked Blanguet, the Mus/42d Summer Ban C Irratit’”, the

‘ ﬁaum’mz

3v -.‘ "

"t‘b " "-' '. I ‘ ' ' 'wx‘u’if‘W 372sz

4.4. “1723' Complete Gard’ner. Vol.1.
Bourdan, or the Masked 1(1):", the Panda, or the
melting Pear of Bred/1, and in every large Plantation
may be added lbmc Summer Bm Cbretiem, fbme
Admiral Penn, 8Cc. For the Fruit: of Autumn may
be chofen the Lanﬂxcs, Vine Pean. R'Iﬂéllim, écc.
A96 for Winter Fruits. the Jr) Martin ,_ the
Ambrét, the leter Rafa/let , the Rani], and
perhaps {ome Bcgi dc Cat/J}; Trees and in ﬁne,
for Fruits to bake, prcl'ervc, 8%, the Male
Cerfeau , [he Franck R7741, the Angel)” , the Don-'
93'0“.

There we have about twenty four forts of Stan?-
d'ard Pear Tree: to plmt prolpsmully enough in
our, Gardens; but becsze h imoormnr places,
as for Example, in ﬁne Kitclszardc-m, bake-
ing and prefervlng Fruit: an: not conﬁderable
enough robe allowed any mun-(1nd bemufe they are ‘
expedient for all {hole tlmxconvenlr‘mly can , We
may have lbme of them in fepemre Orchards, de-
ﬁgned only for Flatt, together wish all forts of C/xr-
r] Treat, Agriots, B{:Q.1rac:; Games; with all forts
of good Apps'w, Patti/u, (1:32:11), Ag}, Femuz'lleu,
or Carpeudm, &'C. wxrl: lam: gmd forts of P1107155,
viz. of Dzrnasi’; an-mr'u, ni‘ :xll lfn‘fs of Mirabella,
{lispred Damask}, 86"". and lfn‘llv, Wll) 11412158").
Trcex,‘ Afmmd T593, Agni, m ($47.1ch Haw-Trees,
86C. T’herelore [L103 for llml': realms, Fruit: for
Balielng, Sic. my; be planfcxl clltw’nere, far off
from our KIM/3:7: Gara’cm, we {linukl in their Read
multiply fame of the lull of our Summer and Au—

" zumn Fruits; t‘u-o’ a Summer Pear Tree {Em has been

planted ten or twelve Yams, is mpxble of yield-
ing {0 great a qzumixy of Frmt of its kind;
that ’twill be all We can do to {pond lher‘n bet
fore‘the Rottennefs (that follows cloie afier the

‘ RlPS:

Vol. I.‘ Tbe Complete Gard'ner.‘ ‘4;

, Ripenefs) furprifes them, which makes" them good
for nothing.

And therefore when we are conniving Plan-
tarinns of Fruit-Trm, ‘we lhould ﬂill remember
when we intermix in them any Standard Trees,
that we mull proportionahly diminiih the num-
ber of DwarﬁTrc-er, which we {hould otherwile
be oblig’d to have of the very fame kinds.

’Tis rot amifs to add here this Caution, that
in refpeé‘r of thefe Standard Treat, it is good in
planting them to leave them fame of the Bran-
cbe: of their Tops which they had when in the
Nurfery Garden, becaufe they will bear Fruit-
to much the fooner, and becaufe the height of
their Trunk: is not {0 exaéily regulated as that
of the Dwarf Trees; whether that heighth begin
:1 Foot. higher or lcwer, their lhape will be ne-
ver the ltfs comely for that; and it is always
a coniiderable advantage, which there fort of Tree:
may be made to afford us, by advancing their
Fruitfulnefs, which we can hardly ever draw
{I om [he Dwarf Treel.

in places that are much expofed, or near the
High ways Where People pars, we ought to have.
this forecaﬂ, not to plant any Fruit there that
is eatable whilﬂ: on the Tree, otherwife ’tis certain
all the Fruit that will come to the owner from‘

thence will be only a great deal of vexation, and
little elfé.

As for what concerns the Plantations of Pear:
0" APP]: Tree: for Syder, or Perry, the Tree:
may

,wrvuy—www w:~v~—w—-ﬂ, -— - -

Vol. I.’ The Complete Gard’ner.‘ 4-6

may be planted at threeﬁzore or threeﬁzoreand
tWelVe Foot apart one from another, becauré
that proportion hinders not the Grounds in which
they grow, at leal’t for feveral Years together,
from being {own yearly with good Corn; [he
plowing up, and other Culture ufed for the lat.
ter, extremely c‘ontribudng to the well cultivating
of the other.

\

47 The Complete Gard’r ‘.‘ Vol. I.

A

CA TALOGUE

OF

Mr. De la Qgintinye’s 39/2" Peaks;

@eaches, and Brugnom,

Celleﬂecl togetherfrom whence they were Di];
pen”?! and Interwoven, infe'veral ofhis Dz];
marks in his Folio,aml hroztght into the heﬂOr-
clerfor 1112,51 Which theReaz/er may at the ﬁrﬂ
Vielvﬁ’e theName ofeach Fruit.To which i;
Annexed four C clams, the ﬁ'ﬂ ﬂaming the
Page in the Ahrz'e/gment that rey’er;~ to their
Deferz'ption at Large; the ﬁcow/ the Page in
the Folio ;the third the jeafom" of Ripenz‘ng;
am] the fourth their heft Situation or Ex-
pofure of heing Plac’tl.

.Ahridg. Folio Times of Situation 07'
Page. Pzzge. JQPeizing. Expofure.

A Pctit Mufcat - 45 99 Beg. of Fiuty‘
La Blanqurt Muskc 46 109 Beg.of 3111}
La Cuiﬂé Madam 46 100 Efulj
1a Grofé Blanquet 46 100 ffuly Thefebc-
La Magdelene. 49 107 jut} ingEarly,
I it Petit Blanquet ’ 46 1C0 Mid‘offfulj may be
La Grand Onionct 5 1 108 Mid.of fulj M’lanted
La Mufcat Robert 47 101 Mid of guy foanurfs
La Blanquet Longue Queue 46 101 Mid. of ffut’y or Star:-
La Poir fans Peau 4-7 102 End of jut} dzrds.
‘L’ Efpargne 49 107 End of 7141}
1,3 Bourdon 49 108 Beg. cfffuij
L’ Orange Mufquee 56 113 AuguﬁJ ,

 

L“:

1"11': .1

48 The Complete Gard’ner.’ Vol. I.
Abridg. Folio Times of Situdtion or
Page. Page. liipming Expofure.

 

 

 

La Rouﬂ'elet 40 9! End of Aug-1
Poir la Rofe 56 l 16 End OfAllg. 1
‘La Bouchet 55 111 End ofAug. Thefe may
L’ Orange Vet‘t 48 104 End of: Aug be Planted
La Robine 4o 92 End of Aug for Dwarfs
La Caﬁolet 47 100 End ofAug. and Stami—
La Callio Rofat 57 116 Aug.& Sept. §ard:, or a~
La Bon-chxetien d’ Efre 104. Aug.& 581». gainf’c Eaﬂ
Muﬁwe 48 109 and Weﬂ:
La Salviati 52 110 Aug.& Sept. Afyeﬁed
La Bergamotte 37 8; Walls.
La Burree 36 92 Sept.
L’ Angober K I ”y: 5617:.
Sept.“
- 1 11
La Pcndar ’ 5 112 Sept.“ ‘
La Vert Longue‘ 43 9:;
1a Marquifs 41 94 0&06.
La Mufcat Fleuri 48 104 Oflab. Thefebeiﬁg
LaBezidela Mote 49 105 06105. later than
La Rouffelin. 55 1 1 1 031012. the former,
La Poir de Vlgne 47 101 Mob. will require
La Meiﬁem‘ 331m 44 97 031017. ‘to be Plant-
_ . 1.07 0305- ed againﬂ a
La Shcrem Verde so 108 End ofoﬁob south- E. or
I. L" f . South Weit
a an an 44 3g Endofoﬂob. Agpcﬁ, or
near that
La Beﬁdery 5‘1 100 OcqobﬁNov. Expofure,
La C113? , 55 112 01‘70/1.& Nov, {gexceptthofe
La Vlllame d’ Amou 57 116 O1‘lob.&.\"av. for Baking’
La Grofs Queue 57 CfiabﬁNov. which , ma ,
La Chat Bru1e 54 110 (‘1‘20[1.&N0v. be 1)lanted
La St. Fgangls 55 1 13 Nov. Upon a
La Martm Sec 44 97 Nov. Nerth,
La. Doyenne, On, 5:. North-Eaff
Mlchel 48 104, A'ov. or Nortlf
L3 Craffan 41 93 A01). Weft- Ag:
La 13qu d’ Anglererre 5-; 1 10 Nov. pea.
La Bezide Cuiﬁby 55 12 Nov.
La Poir de Livre 54. 11 1 Nov.
La Louis B011 4; 195 .’\?)-.zJ\Dcc,
La St. Auguﬂine . 45 V 95 3911.1de

 

{VOL I.“

The Complete Gard’mrl

Abridg. Folio Time's of Situation or

Page. Page.
8

La Virgolé

La Chall'cry

L’ Ambret

. La Petit Oin
L’ Efpine D’ HYVCI‘.
’ L’ Amado:
La Eon Chreticn de
‘ Spaigne
La S. Gefmain
La Colmar
La Paﬁourclle

. La Grand Fremont
La Poir de Reavile
La Franck Real

La Double ﬂeur

La Ruﬂ‘cllit d’ Hyver
La Citron d’ I-vat“r
La Portaile

La Bugi

La Bon C hrcti d’ Hyver

La Carmelizc

Pjpenirzg. Expofure.
4.
37 85 Nov. & Dee. -
86
~ . There will
33 3; Nov. 8: Dec. require a
8« , , >good$ourh
i5, 8) A07). & Dec. [“1326th

42 9: Nov. 8: Dec. Wall.
93:036 Nov. 8: Deg.
1090 Nov. 8: Dec. J.

52

41 9‘; Dem,

.Dcc.

42 94 Dec. 8: fan.

113.04%. 813472.

5 108 3'47).

51 108 3477.

51 103 3.171. 8: Feé.

50110 'jzm 8: Pen.
54

Theft; bca
ing 11) late
Ripe will
never
come to
Perfeaiong
Feb. >withouc
(’4 93 Feb. 821 Maﬁb the beneﬁt
107 of the belt

50 198 Feb. 8: March South A37;
79 pet‘ted
8'0 Marti: 3: Apr. Walls
35 8 I _

- 1 15 Marc]: 8: Apr.

6 116. ,v 3‘,

_ "-

 

l

The Complete Gardmer. Vol. I; '

Ali]? ofPeacbcs. Abrig. Folio. Times of 11')ng-
Page. Page.

Etit Avan Peach 6; 137 Beginning of 3311!}.
Troy Peach ' g8 :37 End 3141} Beg. Au-

Yellow Alberge Peach gulf
Yellow Pavxe Albeige 133 Beginning of Au—
Red Alberge . guﬂ '
White Magdalene 6 133
Red Magdalene 64. 153
Mignion Peach 89 147 Middle of Auguﬂ
Italian Peach 63 153

The White Pearl!

Little violet Alb-tires Peach
Little violet Alberg: Pavies
Boardiue 62

138% End of Auguﬂ
Cherry Peach white Pulp

Cherry Peach yellow Pulp g ‘
Dtufel Peach t. I 3 End Of Auguﬁ
Cheyreux Peach <9 147

Rollhnne Peach 63 1 38

luvte Reliant) 133 Beginning of Sep—
l’ernque 183d] 51 138

Violet Hailing; Peach «)9 146

Bel‘Guard Peaill , =54 :5: A little after Be-
Violet Bmgmm 61 1:8 giurmmg of Japan.
Purple Peach 60 147 e

Amirahlc hem); :39 1 5 . .

'Nivet Pad? 50 4 dedl. of Fepxemlm

147

138 A little after Mid-
wmm Andilie Peat-h _- «s; ‘5; die ofStPtemb"

Pan Peach

1 3

Nathan Peach

Great yellow Backward I’f’ﬂEii .51 1 46-1

Royal Peach 63 l5; ‘4;
. :-

Backward'Violet 62 128‘

Yellow {month Fearh >0‘901’é'

The White Payle 6-; 157 ‘

The Gm: Red ' 5;, x981

OF‘

"Jan.

'49 55';

1'5""

*w’Vol. I. The [amplete Gard’mr: 35

 

 

OF
r FRUIT-GARDENS,
A_N D

Kitchen-Gardens:

 

—_

Vol. I. PART Hi.

My 1‘ 7.“

 

CHAP. I. II.

Of Pears.

La Bon~Clsretien dc Hymn;

E I V His is juﬂly preferr’d before aﬂot’hers, ”172550;?

being of greater Anti Lit), and has Crexicm

‘ carried this illuﬂrious Name for many Ages. Ir’s ,

Noble to behold, by rea'fon cf it’s lcmg and Pll‘afili-

; dical Figure, ‘being ufﬁally ﬁve or ﬁx Inches Long,

z and‘ three or four Inches Thick, and of a pound
‘ weight or more; may fommixﬁesabov: two pound.

E '2: L’s

t - ti
3‘6 The complete Gard’ncr. Vol ,- L,

It’s naturally Yellow, with a lively Carnation Co-
lour, when well Expos’d.

It lalls very long on the Tree, and endures the longeﬂ
afterwards in perttﬂ Goodnefs of any other Pear.

’Tis good Stew’d or Bak’d, if gather’d before it’s
full Ripe; but when ’tis come to Maturity, and the
Ground good and well cultivated, it will continue Mel-
law For fotne whole Months together.

The Pylp eats Short, bur Tender enough. Its Taft:
agreeable, and 31m: lugzll’lt‘l, and alittle perft‘tm’d.

It does bell againll aSamimm/r‘? but tho’ our Author
advifeth to Plant them Dwarf} in {mall Gardens in
‘ France; yet the good Stlccele of them in that manner
‘ is to be doubted in England

Some Perﬁms make dillerent lbrts of Ron Cbretiem,
as the Long, the Round, the Green, the Golg'm, the
Sattin, 56:. but they are all one and the fame Fruit 3
only the Diﬂ‘ererce of Sat/r, Expa/itiom, Seafom of the
‘Year; and Cona‘m'm of the Tree, may make great al-
terations both in Colour, Shape, Goodntfs, &c.

It mould be Grafted on'a tailince-ﬂoc/t becaufe on
a Free-Srockthe Fruit grows lpotled, (mall, and crump-
led. ”Us in Pct'lt‘ﬂion in Februar} and March.

La Barret.

ﬂ’ﬁ’ 5W"??- 711 H F. Red Butter Pear or Ambroiﬁa. or
1,‘ernbr-er,the Gm] Butter and Green
Butter Pear: are all one, only diljterencc of Soil, Exfo-
ﬁtre, Sea/m, &c. ( as mentioned in the Bar: Cbrett'e-n I
may occaﬁon the DEREK-nee 5 alto the Stock they are
grafted on, either Free Stock or £54m“, caulkth great
alterations-7 but i: does well on either, It’s call’d the
Butter Pear, becaufe of it’s t'tnooth, delicious, melting
(of: Pulp,
Its Body is large, and of a beautiihl Coloutanl
bears very Well commonly. ever y year; in all fort
o

"ﬂ

W01. I. The Complete Gard’ner. 37

in? Grounds, and with indifierent ulage. It’s {Eldom
to: never apt to be Doughy, or lnﬁpid, or Mealy. 11’s
SRipe the latter end of September, and bears {ooneﬁ
non a Quince. ~

La Bargamutyte.

lthas a tender melting Pulp, fweet and! ﬁx Am”
i fugar’d,_ and has a little {mack of perfume Bergamot.
3 it’s a reafonable good Bearer 5 the middling tort of
3': them are as good as the biggell; it does well either on
3" a Edam: or a Freeﬁack, and on Different Soils, and
: either for-”7a”, Dwarfs, or Standard: There is no diffe-
rence in Bergamm, but what conﬁﬂs in the Colour
1 only -, but then that difference is indeed real,
The common Bergamot is of aGreenilh Gray. The
’t Bergamat Sun]: is ﬁrip’d with Yellow and Green
i Streaks, which appears bOth in the {fl/cod and the
‘t limit; but as to the Goodneﬁ of each, there islittle
E Diﬁerence. The ﬁze of both is alike, being fatne-
; times three Inches in thicknels 5 bu: ufually one and a
‘ half, or two Inches. They both have a flat Shape,
' the Eye orCrown {inking hollow in, the Stalk (bar:
and fmall, the Skin Yellowiih, and a little moilhlh
when Ripe.

There are no latter Bargamats, as fome pretend,
only different Soils, Seafcm, ore. fometimes make
an alteration. The Tree uiually ngs fcabby. if
the Ground be good and light, they do bel’t on a Free-
Stock; but if cold and heavy, on. a uince. Ripe
in September and the beginning of amber.

La Virgoulee.

The Virgoulee otherwile call’d the —-

’ :3 I .
Bujakuf, Cbambrm, the Ice-Pea, Vir- 77 hrgonee
' gauleﬁ and l’irgaulwfé. It’s pretty long and thick,
I ' E 3 V being

38 772:: Complete Gard’ner, Vol. Lj‘. ?
' being three'or four Inches long and two or three Inches a
in thieknefs 5 its Stalk lhort, ﬂtlhy, and bending ; the
Eye or Crown indiﬁerently great and hollow :, its Skin
ﬁnatith and polilht, and fometimes colour’d? it’s Green
on rhr Tree, but grows Yellow as it Ripens ; and, if ga-
ther’d at the proper time, is one or the bell Fruit: in

the thrld.

— The Tm grows Very llrong, its Pulp tender and
melting wi;h abundance of tweet and fbgar’d Juice,
aﬁne rich Taﬂe, and a plentiful lncreafer.

lt Ripens almoll as foon as the Bergdmott, and the
fruit holds good fometimes from the beginning of No.
ember to part of the Month offianuary.

It’s agreeable to the Eye; and thofe that grow
well expos'd, have an admirable Virmilion Blulh.

It fucceeds well either on a Free or a Janine: Stock.

It’s pretty long before it bears, and much of the
Fruit is apt to fall item the Tree before it’s Ripe.

It lalls during the Months 0‘ "

I ”member, Deceméc'r.)
and 34mm}.

L415: Clt'1’ﬂ'ry‘and I.' Ambrett:

The Le-Czﬁeﬂer}, or or Beﬁq’eryj’am’r},
77"? 1" CM}: comprr’d with the Ambrert. Thefe Two
fer} and Am- . , .
‘bren. Pam: have a Referrolanee With each 0—:
5 ~ ther; their Shape roundilh in bath, tho’
the ﬂmbret; he a little Hitter, and has its Eye. or
erown hollower and deeper ﬁmlc.
The La Cbcﬂfer) has its Eve or Crown quite jetting
out, and fome of them relemble a Limon in lhape.
Their bignelis is much alike, ot‘a middle ﬁzegaboue
Two or Three Inches extent every way. They are;
alike in Colour, Which is Gteenilhand Speckled a
thO' the dmbrett is commonly the deeper Colour, andl
the-Laecbeﬂéu lighter and yellower, efpecially when
Elpe. Their Stalks are both [height and prett;

10W;

‘ Vol. I. The complete Gard'ner; 39 .

long, but the Le Cbeﬂer; thickeﬁ of the Two-,zhey
Ripen and Mellow togetherin November and December,
and {emetimes in j‘amtar}. Their Pulp ﬁne and butter-
like, theirjuice {ugar’d and a little perfum’d, but their
Perfume is agreeable and very delicious; the Le.
Cbeﬂer} has more of‘it than the Ambrett, and the Pulp
of the Ambrett is a little more Greenilh, its Kernels
blacker, and its Skin feels ulually a little rougher.
The Le-Cbejferie: are pretty often bunched and warty;
they differ very much in their Wood 5for the Ambreee
is very Thorny, refembling a wild Tree; the Le-
Cbeﬂivn is pretty ﬂender, and {boots out fome points,
but not {harp The Ambrm on a bad Soil has its
Fruit of a faintilh Taﬁe, and a fecret dry‘ Rortenefs
in many of them. The Lbiejferj loves a dry Ground.
The Amber: is long before it comes 'to bear. They
are both in Perfeétion in November, December and 34-
mm.

L’ Epine 0’ vaer,

This is a very line Pear, and comes .

nearer to a Piramid, thanaround Fi- 71m Winter
gure; the’ no part of it is (mall; ofa Thom-

luntilh point towards the Stalk, which
is 'l'hort and ﬁnall. This Pear is almoﬁ all over of
the fame bignele, being about two or three Inches
thick towards the Head. it’s much bigger than an
ordinary Bergqmott, or Ambrett, or LeCEqﬂEry. It
has a Satin Skin, its Colour between Green and
White, ripens ufually with the Le-Cbeﬂéry and Am~
hm. It has aﬁne tender Butter-like Pulp, an agree-
able Taﬁe, fwcet Juice, and admirably Perfum’d.‘
It fucceedsWell eitherlona Free or Quince Stock, it loves
a Soil rather Dry than Moiﬂ. It’s pretty long before
it bears. Ripe in November, December, and 34mm}-

1.4

4.0 The Complete Gard’ner, Vol. T, ;

Lg ROME/m.

71,; REUZTlm- The great and (mail R4721": are all

one 5 but the middle lize are the bell: \

Thofe clithe produa oFa Fat'Soil are oFa middling
ﬁZ", handlome lhap'd, more long than round, pretty
thick Stalk, and {omewhat lung, Gray Colour, rede

l3

  

run-Liar, ~ , é" ' . -, ’ ‘_ 3.32

difh on'one ﬁde, and dark red on the other, with ‘-
fome greenilh interlaced, which grows Yellow when ,

Ripe. Its Pulp tender and ﬁne throughout, Juice
moill and agreeably perfum’d : it's good either Raw,
Bak’d, Stew’d, or 'Prelerv’d, or in liquid or dry
Sweetheats 3 will profper in any Ground, and may be
planted either againll a PVa/I, or as a Dwarf or Smnal~
anal; beats larger and fairer Fruit, and in more abun-
dance, again“ a Will: It’s no long laﬂer, butlbon
grows foft and'pappy : Ripe at menu! of Aug/j} and
the beginning of Salaam/2:13.

Ld R3586.

Tltelebline ‘ The Rnbine, or Par Averat, or I‘d/{[342 .
.r \ ‘ i

Pear of Aggy/i, or Peer Royal, as it’s call‘d
at Court. It’s of the bignels and {hape ofa little
Bergamort, between round and ﬂat : ls Stalk pretty
long, lireight, and lunkpretty hollow into the Pear;
(alto its Crown or EyC is a little hollow or funk in. Its
Polp breaks {hort in the mouth, bur not hard; it has
"an excellent lugar’d and perfum‘d Juice, and much
admir’d by the French King. [rs Colour Yellowifh
white, Skin gentle, and hardly grows fair at all, as
ambit all the Summer Pears do. It’s {XCellent either

‘ Raw, 6r Bak’d, or in Sweet-Mats. The Tree Thrives ‘

t‘,

every where, but its Wood fometimes Cankers, and
is hard to be brought to bear. ~ *
Ripe in Aléguf} and September;

Lap

V61. 1. The Complete Gardner. 4!

La Craﬁmm.

The Creﬂlm, or Bergamat Craﬁmm, is of Ilve Creﬂiw
the Nature and Colour of the Beurre, tho‘
diﬁering in {hapeg‘ being nearer like the Mon/fear
sea», of diﬂ'erent ﬁzespf Colour Greenifh; growing
Yellow when Ripe, and fpeckled almoﬁ allover with
red fpots; its Stalk long, pretty thick, bent and
hollow fer; Skin rough, Pulp extremely tender and
bu-zter’lilte, but not alWays ﬁne; fullof Juice, bug
ﬂimetimes accompanied with a biteing marpnefs, It
will keepa Month and not grow Peppy, and perm}-
eth very leafurely .- May be Grafted either an a Pear
or a ,Quince-Stock; Ripe in November.

La St Gaming,

The St. Germinc is very long\ and The St. Genuine
pretty big; fome cfthem Green and
a little Spotted, fome pretty Red; but all of them
grow very Yellow as they Ripen; Stalk ﬂiort,pretty
thick and bending -, [ts Pulp is very tender, and not
gritty; full ofjuice, but ofalittle‘Limoniﬂltartnefs,
which pleafeth fame and difpleafeth others. It’s
i'uppol‘ed that a Quince Staci: and a ‘dry Soil gives it
this flavour-j the Tartneté is ufually in thofe that are
ﬁrlt Ripe: It does be“ on 3 Soil moderately Moiﬂ’,
and on a Free Stock; Continues good timing the
Months of Nmmbcrpecember, and gamer}.

La Marqwﬁ.

The. La Marguifi or MercbianeﬁDn 77-"? UMWQZTS
'a dry Ground it refembles in bignels and
’ihape a ﬁne Blanquet, or a middling Ban-Cbretien, but:
on a fat and moiﬂ Ground it grows very large; it’s
of a handfom'c ihape;,ﬂat Head, little Eye, Crown funk
_ ’ ' ' ‘ " ’ inwards,

W , "n:
4.2» ,Tbe Complete Gard'ner.. Vol. Ii .3l

wards, pretty big Belly, and, handfomely ﬂopeing _
towards the Stalk, which is indiEerent long. thick, -
bent and hollow fet; its skin pretty rough, green
Colour, ﬂ‘ourifhed with ﬂakes of Red like the Bcumé;
the Green ,grows Yellowilh in ripening; the Pulp
tender and ﬁne, Talle pleaﬁng, full of Juice,and much /
fttgar’d, but fomewhat Stony at the Core. It does
hell on a dry Soil. Ripe in 08019".

L4 Colman

Elie C olmer. The Cnim4r, otherwife call’d the Mamm-
Pmr, or Latter Bergamot. This Peardoes
much Refemble a Bon~Cbretim, and fometimes like a'
fair Bergmmt 5 Its Head ﬂit. its Crown pretty great,
and funk very hollow ; its Belly little bigger than the
Head, moderately lengthening, and groﬂy looﬁzning
it fell toWards the Stalk, which is (born pretty thick,
and bent downwards; it’s ofa fpotted Green Colour
like the Bergamot, {ometimes a little Reddilh on the
Sunny ﬁde, comes a little Yellow in December and 3a-
wur) when Ripe-7 and (ometimeslal’ts till Fcbruarj or
March. its skin is gentle and fmooth, its Pulp tender,
)uice very fweet and fugar'd: It’s an excellent Pear;
but bad Soils and Seafons fome times caufeth its Pulp
to be Grit!) and Inﬁpid. The Fruit falls ealily oﬁ. by
W indsbefore its Rgpclts Maturity is not to be taken»
iron: its turning Yellow, but when it yields to the
Thumb. it’s pretty long before it comes to Bear.
It’s in petleﬁlion in December, 34mm) and February.

Le Petit Om.

1: Pasha». This Pear is call’d by the People of Anion:
Bouvarpr Ruﬂélet Aryougby orners, the Win-

tet Marmx‘l. Its of the bignefs and “tape of the 4mbre:
or Le cbaﬂery, of a clear Green, a little fpotted,and has
a little toueh of Yellow when Ripe,_refernblingaMid—
. ling

Vol. I. The Complete Gard’ner.‘ 4;

ling Baghmt, but not fo ﬂat: It’s Very round, and
has its Eye or Crovm jetting outhrds, its Stalk
fmall, pretty long, and a little bending and {hallow
fet; its Skin between rough and foft; its Body one;
ven and lull of Bunches; its Pulp extremely ﬁne and
melting, and not gritty; its juice very (weer, and
very much fugar’d and perfum’d: But notwithlland-
ing, thefe good Qualiﬁcations, it fometimes grows
doughy and inﬁpid, by accident of W'eather,or moiﬂ;
Gmmd. Ripe in November and December.

L4 Louis Baum.

It’s lhap’d much like the St. Germinaﬁﬂd

alfo refembles the Vm Longue, but not 35’2”?”
.quite fo narrow pointed; fotne are much .

bigger and lon er than others, but the leaﬂ are bell;
its Stalk is {hor , ﬂtlhy, and bent; its Crown {mall
and even with the Body; its skin fmooth, fpeckled,
and greenilh, growing whitifh afterwards; Which
happens not to the large ones: Its whitenels and
yielding to the Thumb, argues its Ripeners ;' it’s ye-
ry fruitful, its Pulp tender, full of juice, (weer. and
rich of Talle, and grows not pappy, provided the
Ground be good; but a Watery Soil makes the Fruif
large and bad, and the Pulp oyly: Its Pulp general-
1? hangs DOt together; the Fruit eaﬁly falls off. It

dOCS bCﬂI 0!! a dry Soil. It’s in Perfe&ion in Naomi:
Err and December. \ I

L4 Vat Longgfe,

T he Vert La ue, or Maul: Douche ‘ ., A
the Name degihes its Colour and Zia P3233528;
Shape; an old Pear and agrees bell Peer. ' '
with a dry Soil; bears very well; its '
juice fwect and perfum’d, anddelicate ﬁne Pulp,with€
‘ . ” ‘ " . out

’44. ﬂvfomplete Gard’ner. . Vol. I.

'out any grittincfs; it has a, very thin Skin, and is a
good Pear. Ripe the middle of Oﬂober.

L4 L4ﬂfdc,

It’s call’d alfo the Lichefrion; it’s about
the bigneﬁ of a Bergamat; the dedle
{me are heft; its “mpg is between round
‘ and ﬂat mWardg the Head, and allttle
lmgiﬂ] towards the (talk; of a’pzle yellow Colnu‘e’,
ﬁgar’d juice, and a llltlf perlum’tl; ltmoth Shin,
yellowilh Pulp,tender and melting; ifs Eye of Crown
big and even With the Body-, ﬁatalk knight, long,
thick, and flelhy. The Tree on a dry Ground prov
duceth its Fruit ofa Cinamon Rum: Colour,and ve-
ry good-7 but on a wet Ground proves doughy and
inﬁpid. In Perleé’tion about the end of Oﬁober.

136me at-

La Martin. Sec.

It has an Iﬁzlzeﬁ'a red on one Ede
173a Morrirzfec. and a high colour’d red on the other;
- its Pulp cats (hurt, and pretty ﬁne;
fugar’d Juice, and a little perfum’d. It may be eaten
Skin and all, and as lbon as gather’d. It’sa great
Increal‘er, and keeps pretty long, and agrees Well
enough With any Soil. Ripe about the middle of
Himmler. '

Le Meﬂieure 76472.

The Whit: and the gray Mir/fem

736 Meﬂieurjean. :70an are both one: It’s luhjeé’c to be
tlony or gritty, and therefore dif-

lilit’rd by fame; alfo its Pulp is rough and groféﬁt lovres
h Soil moderately moill,a nd a mild Summer, and tho’
.. it grows large and fair, encreafeth mightily,and fuc'
seeds almoll as well on a_ Freq as on a Quince Stock,
' ﬂat

Vol. I. The (amplete Garc'i’nerI 41;,

flat lhap’d, the Skin of the gray ones are rough, _ but
the white ones lmoother; its Pulp ﬂ'tortjuicelu-
gar’d, but fomewhat gritty. Ripe about the mid:
dle of Oﬂober‘ .

Le Par taille.

This Pear is famous in the Province of ﬂePomﬂ:
Poiﬁ‘eau. , It’s necufed that its Iomewhat hard, ﬂony,
and gritty, and {Eldom comes to good but in that Pro-
vince, and not eatablc till it begins to rot; and that
of many of them,but few prove good : Succecds bell:
on a Free-Stack; Its Juice is fugar’d and pertum’d;
in Bignefs, Colour and Shape,’ it refembles 36mm
Mon/ill” 30/272: Mellow in “fauna", and Februav.

L4 Saint Augu/z‘ine.

It’s about the Bignefs and Shape of a Fair
Virgaulee, indifferent long and pretty big, 72;???”
its Bellyvand lower part round, but lome. g °
what ltliEr on that lids and towards the Stalk; the
Stalk is rather long than lhorr, in tome ﬁreight, in
others bent, not hollow fer, its Eye or Crown big
and alittle funkimttards7 of a fair Limmon Colour
alittle fpeckled, withabluﬂl of red on the Sunny,
Ede; its PUlP tender, but not buttery, has more
- uice than it feems to have: Some have a {mack of
deriﬂmeﬁ: Which giVes an agreeable Reﬁll]; but

Others haVe none at all, or very little. Ripe in De.
camber. -

Le Petit Muﬁ‘at.

It 5.3 good ‘Pear when pretty large and, 77:3 1‘ i215:
when it has tune to grow to mellow and Mufmz.
ripen well; it proves better being planted
again& a Wall, than a Dmrf, and weuld be more

eﬁeemed

Vol.- I; The Complete Gard’ner. 4.6

eﬂeemed wereit no: (0 fmall‘, ripcns almoﬁ the ﬁrlt
of anyRipe in 3:11}.

Le (iroﬁ 31 _
Le Petit} “”7“", g 0“ Blanquet Mutkg.

La Blanguet Languc .52518116’.

ﬂirting: The Great Blanquet, diﬁers much
Long—idil’d from that cdl‘d the [mic Blanquet, and
Bianguers. “pens Fifteen Days beforcit. It’s the

true musk: Bung/Jet; it’s larger, and
not fo handfomly lbap’d as the leiier one; Coloursa
little upon a Dwarf, has Very {hort thick Stalk, and
hollow ﬁzr, its I’Vood fmall, and in Leaf and Mad
reﬁmbling the 041]]: Mddam: but the Little Blanguet’
has its Vl’ood thick and (hurt.

The Lang-vigil‘d Blanqttet is a handfom Pear, its
Crown pretty big and ltanding out, its Belly round,
and pretty long towards the Stalk, which is alfo long,
ﬁelhy, and bending; its skin fmooth, white, And
’ fometime’s a little Colour‘d on the Sunny tide, its Pulp
between {hart and tender, very ﬁne and full olJuice,
fugar’d and pleafant, but fomewhat gritty, and
grows doughy when too ripe.

The Ciro/3 Blanyuet beginning ofiuy,
The Petit Bt’anquet §Ripe§cnd of 3:11).
The Biarzqu'et Longnc Qwue 711/!-

La C mjﬁ' Madam.

The Cuiﬂ'e Md- lIt’s a.kincl of Rujfelet in Shape and Cue
4m, 0, Ladies OUT,I[S Pulp between (hurt and tender,
Thigh. Very Juicy, and a little muskt, very

plealént when full ripe-7 this and the
Blangum are the full Pear: that are reafonably good;
it’s pretty long before it bears, but afterwards prod

duceth abundance. Ripe the beginning of 3:41]. L
e

A 47 The Complete Gard’nerQ Vol. L
— La Caﬂoiem:

This Pear is alio-cal'l’d the Frialett or Muf-l Tb C ‘
cat ward; it's a long Grayilli Peer, near as I": if?
gocd as the Robina, bath for Pulp and Juice
and other Qualities, faVe only that it’saptr-ogmw
10ft 5 it} ripe about the middle of Auguﬁ.

Le Mujéat Robert.

It’s 3“?) cale the QuemPedr, Maiden-
pear, Amber-pear, Maiden of Qantasgmv, 85c,
its Pulp is tender, and juice indifferently
Muskecl, and much Sugar’d; it’s a very handlbme
Pear, it’s about the hignefa of a Raﬁ/ct; its only
fault is, to have a little Stony or Gritty ,fubllance..,
and [alts but a little while 3 it’s a great lncreaﬁzr, ma
ripe the middle olfiul}.

He Muﬂuzt
Igbm.

La Pair: de Vigne.

The Vme-pear, or Dam/é! pear by {cine 7} V"
falﬂy cal‘r’d, the PetitOz'n; it‘s Gray,Red~ 1,22,. W:
ilh, Round, and pretty big; has a Stalk ex~ ‘
tream long -, its Pulp is neither Hard nor Buttery not
Tender; and herein differs from all other Pears, hm
ving aﬂattilh, glewy Pat/f, and often doughy: Ripe
in 0805/”.

La Pair jam Paw.

This is alfo call'd :heGm’neﬂawer, and
H411; Ruﬂélet; it’s longilh {hap’d, and
Ruﬂét-coloru’d; it's a pretty Pair 5 3aice
Sweet, tender Pulps, and not Gritty. It’s at good
Peer, aad ufually Ripe about the Twentieth of 3111].,

’ L:

7796 sign.
Jeff Pear”

4.8 _ Thefomplete'Gard’ner.‘ Vol. 1.,

La Mtg/Eat Fleuri.

This is alfo call’d the Lang-tail’d Mufcat

759' ﬂair of Autumn; it’s an excellent,round,reddilh_

”WE MUF' Pear, of indifferent bignefs; it’s Pulp ten.
cat. der and ﬁne, rich Tallegand may _ be eaten

greedily like a Plum, or at Cherry. Ripe a.-
bout the middle of 0801'”.

Le' BanCErcticn d’ Eﬂe Mufque.

‘ This Pear ﬁeldem comes to good, but

7.1"? M‘f‘k' on a Free Stock. and makes a ﬁne Tree;-
Sinf- 111271111: the Fruit is excellent, ot‘agreeable ﬂ1ape,
tien and reafunable bigntﬁ,ab0ut the largeneﬁ
' of .a lair Bergamot; its CJlour is \Vhitc

on the one tide, and Red on the other; its Pulp be-
tween {hort and tender, full ofjuice, and perfum’d ,-

Ripe the latter end of Auguﬁ and September.
menge Fer:

It’s pretty big, Hat and round,its Eye

75501'66710‘ hollow its Colour Green, and laring’d
"”83 PM" with Carnation; its Pulp lhort, Juice t’L-
gar’d, accompanied with a particular

Perfume 5 bears abundantly on a Dwarf: Ripe in Augujs‘.

La 003mm, On, St. Michel.

It’s about the hignefs and {hips ofa gm;

7’03 Deans Beam; its Stalk thick and lhart, Very
ﬁffhiichgl fmooth skin’d, greenilh Colour, which
" ' ' becomes Yellow when Ripe: It is a right
melting Pear, its Juice (weer, but of no very good
relilh, tho’ it be a little perl'um’d : Its Pulp eaﬁly
groWs

i
's
-. {aria—tnwmmﬁgi

 

:grows, and as it were ﬁrmly; it ﬂiould be gathetﬂ
i pretty green, and, eaten before it’s quite Yellow, and
nthen it may be reckon’d a reafonable good Fruity It’s
ifruitful in all Soils -, beautiful when ripe, and beats
fooneﬂ if Grafted on a Quince : Is in perfeélion the
Matter end of September and 0270b”. .,

\

La Befi de [a mot. ,

This is a new Pear, and refembles pretty .
near a large Ambret, only that it’s fpotted 13353:?!"
with red. Ripe at the end of Oﬁobe-r. ’

Le 8012271022.

This Pear much refembles the Maﬁa: _ _
Robert in Bignefs, and in the Nature if its The erdoni
Pulp, Taﬂe, Perfume, and time'ofRipe- 0’ 2 Hum“?
ning; which is about the end of ju/y, BI":
and beginning of Augu/i.

L’ Efpargm’.

It’s a red Pear, indili‘erent bi , and _
very long, and (as the Tranﬂatgr ex- If!” 15%;?“
prelleth it) a little vaulted in its fhape, Pg”,
its Pulp tender, but a little fowriﬂl ;
is more beautiful than good. Ripe at the end of

fuzzy.
La Magdele‘rte.

It’s indifferent lat e, reenifh, and . .
pretty tender, fhap’dglmcgﬂ’t like a Ber— 31” Egg?“
gamer; mull be gathered before it r’ '
grows yellow, otherwife it grows Doughy. Ripe,
the beginning of fuly, F L

'e

 

Heibmplete gard’mr} 49

   

a;

a. ‘,

‘ 3%.»; 7-r"-u>.L“-“' Mg. m ‘ '- “1 .c‘z H“ ,_ hd‘ ..;
. 2”“. um - ‘7'? _, a; ., w .
v ' - :

D

-- " I TheNam‘e *defcribes its‘ Juice and ‘Co- 5;
. Theﬂfg” . .vlour; i‘t mush reliam’oles ihamape the;
’ . Sugar lean “fl-”K”. 37mm,” but {31811615 5351’qu
, very buttery, Juice fugat’d, and Taﬂev agreeable =2}:
‘ ffh‘e only fault is, that ’tis a little Ihong towaxds their
Core. Ripe the end of Oﬁober. / a

7 11.131411". '-

Tbe Bug), or In Colour and Blgnel‘s it fomewhaf‘
Edﬂer Bergd- refembles an Ammmz Bergkzmot but not"
"“7“ To ﬂat towards the Eye or-Crown, and“
a little longer t'oWards the Stalk :, It’s greehifh, {peck}?
. [led ﬁth‘lil‘tle gray Specks, which come yellowifh
in 'ﬁ‘penirfg ; its 1’qu is both tender "and ﬁrm, and
,, _ eats pretty ihorg, but iometimes grows doughy when 7
too ripe before it’s gathered ~, ’tis very- juicy,‘ and ha «_
a fmack of Sowriihnefs, but a little Sugar will re",

medy that defeﬁ. Ripe in Februaryand Marci). *
V ‘ La Double Hams » If;

It’s very beautifuhlatge, and ﬂat, Stalin
long and lhaight, Skin ﬁnooth3 blufh-co
;lout’d on the funny ﬁdel, and yellow on
.. theAOther 5 If it be much handled, it 'turns black afte :

a few Days: Some Perfons love it raw, and. like it;

Tl“? Doubie
Elmer,

  

Pulp and T alto; but it’s the bell for Cbmpotes, or we

Sweet—Maui‘s) and therein excels any Other Pear, it ha :3?
a marxowy Pulp, and not gritty at all? abundance of?
luice. ‘ah‘d Colours well over the Fire“ it’s in Pesfﬁlé:

@5353 “in ‘Marcb, . .3
j

‘v ‘ “. .‘--.:-"'.. 'w “”
1 - 0 A}; “5'
. "L. ¥
‘i‘

   

 

‘ L; Frank: Real.
Is large, round, and yellowifh, - -
f eckled with little reddifh Spots, TL; French ”Reid;

ort Stalk, it’s a great beaten 'Wz’tﬁe Fm:
Ripe in ifamzary.’ ‘ '-

‘ ’ L’ .A‘Izgobcr;

It’s pretty big and long, bluih-eolour’d
On one ﬁde, and a grayifh Rafe: on the T55 27%;;
1 other, the Tree in growth refemhles the 9m ,. " ‘f
l {8014”, and the Fruit much like it; '

} '7 \ La Bqﬁ'deria‘:

i o Is indifferent round, about the bi nefs g3; ,' t;

ofa largeTmm': Ball, ofa yellowiﬂ? ané- T5 ﬁg ”f ‘
lwhitilh green Colour, the Stalk pretty ﬁreight and
"long; it’s a baking Pear, and. but an indifferent Fruit.
‘7 Ripe in Otiober and Novemﬁm

\

 

Le Grof: 01251710116”;

Is alfo call’d the Amtre Roux, and mega; onion: . '
I-R‘ea’ Wonder, and King ofzbe Summer; '
it’s pretty red colour’d3 round and indifferent large; ,
Ripe in fir/y; \ -

f

La Pair J6 Ronvillei

In Bignefs and fhape is much likea fair The Rymillé
Rufﬂe: or Rzgﬂetim its Eye or Crown ' "
pretty hollow, and funk in, the belly ufually bigger on.
,‘one ﬁde than the Other, but yet every where pretty 7.
big; handfomely Hoping towards the Stalk, which is
of a midling «thickneié agd length? and, not lhola
, 2 OW‘

   
 

.r ..~ .w“ ""1” ,*:~,»:’r<~;av"" :‘ “ vi“, “1? . , v» «,i .
l > . . i, ' § > . - i ' 3 "1 .
. r . Zhefwlce Gard 1mg. , . . k
i \ ' ' \ . I

52' ' The Complete gard’ntr: Vol. I.
low fer, the Colour lively on oneﬁde,’ and very yel'
low on the Other, when mellow, the Skin is ﬂick“
and Satin-like, its Juice fugar’d and agreeably per- ‘
fum’d, and the Pulp eats fhort. It’s faults are that

’its fmall, fomewhat hard, and a little gritty. Ripe
in fanuary, and February.

   

Le Bon Cbritiezz d’ Ejpagzze.

‘ 1- Is a great thick long Pear, of a hand‘
3;; 3:35-13” fome Piramidical Form, refembling here-
in a Winter [3022 Cbretz'e/z, it’s of a
bright red Colour on one lide, fpeckled with little
black Specks; on the other ﬁde of a whitifh yellow:
Its Pulp eats very lhort, juice ul‘ually fugar’d, and in-
different good when on good Ground, and when it -
arrives to perfeE’t Ripenefs, which it continues fo to
be lbmetimes from the middle of November ’till fame
my : it would be more elteem’d iforher melting Pears
were not then in prime. The Author, after Twenty
Years Experience, found its Pulp to be harfh, grofs-
and ﬁony, efpecial’ly in. moil’t Summers, or cold
Ground, ’tis but an indiflerent Pix/r, but looks well
in adorning Pirzzmidr. In Perfeé‘tion in November,
~and December.

L6 Salvitzti.

The 5mm“; ‘ This Pear much refembles a Beﬁderz‘

' inSha e, but not in Colour; It's pretty .
big, round, and in ifferent long, fmall Stalk, which ,
is fet in a little hollow, its Eye or Crown a little hol-
low; the Colour is oi‘a yellowilh Rigger white: Thofe
that have great red Streaks, have a pretty rough Skin :
but thofe that have none of that red, are foft enough; ‘
Its Pulp is tender, but not ﬁne, the Juice which is but ‘
little, is fugat’d and peri‘um’d, refembling the Rabi/ts

I . 1n

     

I Vol. PI.- The Coupler? Gard’ner.‘ p.25;

in Talie ’Tis an indifferent good Paar. Ripe in
Auguﬂ, and September. ‘

Le Blanguez‘ Mufgue.

It refembles pretty near the Maﬁa: ,.
Robert in Bignefs and Shape, has a ﬂimuﬁ‘d iii-:8
ﬁne Skin, of a pale yellowilh Colour mus/2d p24".

a little ting’d with red on the Sunny K

ﬁde, the Pulp is a little ﬁrm, and not Without fome
earthy and ﬂony matter, its Juice very fweer and fu-
gar’d. Ripe the beginning of fay.

La Paﬂourelle

Is much of the Bignefs and Shape of T, P I
’ the St. Lezin, or of a fair Rzgﬂkl‘et; its a,” ”£22;
Stalk bent, and hollow fer, and ofa mid- pg“, P
ling length and thicknefs, the Skin is be-
tween rough and fmooth, growing a little moil’c as it
Ripens, its Colour on one lide yellowifh, cover’d with
Rzgﬂi’t Spots 3 having on the other ﬁde a little bluih of
red, its Pulp very tender and melting without any
Grittinefs, but the Juice 3. little fowrilh: ’Tis but an
indifferent Pear. Ripe in December, and ﬁ'nxary._

\

Le Beurre d’ Angleterre.

Is more long than round, refemblin ,
in Shape and Bignefs a fair Vcrt Long”: £2”?ng
tho’ nor in Colour, its Skin fmooth, and mm, ’ pm:
ofa greenifh grey Colour, full of rullet
Specks, the Pulp very tender and Butter-like, and full
of pleafant Juice, but is commonly mealy, and eaﬁ-
ly grows foft, even upon the Tree, and becaufe it
comes in with the Vert Longue, Pair-Om, and Lang-
fﬂc, (being better Pears) it’s lefs eﬂeem’d. Ripe in
November. ' _ E 3 La

 

j. 1 ~‘ ‘ tiff __~« ,3“ i :11“. :u,, . ”V ,v\_ A f > w
w cmgtmmm A
‘ 354 ‘ ‘ L. ‘ ' , ‘. . ' . . »L
A , ‘ ‘ I i ‘

’ ty clear,*its Skin ~fmotth, Pulp tender, but a kind 0-5

 

k

,3 ‘ ‘ L4 Ciirond’ szver. ‘ , 7' - '
mmmi It xefemblee in Shape and Colour
Lima?!» middle ﬁz’d Limo”; its Pulp very har.‘ {

\ﬂbny, and gritty, but full of Juice, an -

‘ “extremely muSk’d, Ripe in“ fanzwy, and Feb'rmzrﬁ,

‘14: GM! ‘Bruleo ‘ 1 ‘1 , §

‘ ‘ m C“"""" ‘ 1‘ “Emma in Shape and Bignée théf

rm, Martin ‘Sc’c, but: differs in Celour, bein ,
“ ‘ on one ﬁde very ruﬁ'et'j on the other p'retJV

wildifh 'Tendernefs, inclining to be Doughy, has bu: ‘
little Juice; iﬁ taf’ce refembling the Bejz‘dery; . it has. 5
very - ﬂrong Core-r. A. Fruit of little value; 'Ripe j ' ,
0&0174’93 and November; i }

La Ewe: d" 11pm

The VVintef ‘ ‘ This PM“ diﬁ‘c‘s Very little or‘nothiﬁ “

‘ _J{uﬁleh frpmthc Martin Sec; but there is anotheéji

. a fort of: gre’enifh Colour, growingyello 'j
as 1t rxjpons, 1ts Pulp between tender and fhort, bu 9‘
full of Grittmefs, 15 very micy, and fWeet enough a I

were it not for its greeniﬂi, wildifhi'l'aﬁ. Ripei 2;?
Eebmary. ‘ ' Q

‘ .Lzz Poi?“ de Lima
The P'aumi Is a very big welghty Pear, the Ski 5‘;

, pm. ,‘ (gem: rough? and ofa dark Rolfe: Colour

alk thorn. and its Eye or Crown hollowH

makes excellent. ' Compoteg or ,.Sze>eet-Méats, Citbt‘v“
ﬁew’d.,\ ordone ' any other ways Ripe in Novméﬁer‘i:
and December. - l ' ~ ,

‘ ' ‘» L4"

\ . If:

«a
\\
‘ l

l

,. y‘
53“.;

' Le Rouﬂeline. _

,. “Is in Shape like-the Rouﬁlet, ofa very ‘ v “l ‘

. light‘ Ifabella Colour, like the MartinSec; The Rwy”?
it; Pulp tender $151 delicate, inlet: very mueh fqgafd.
andperﬁlm’d. ipe in Otfobe‘n -‘ ' \

      

La Bomber.

 

( is large, round, and, white, like the Beﬂdery Sfome
B are aboilt thebi fs of amilding Bergamotr 5 others
i are bigger than a .. g6 (while, its Pulp ﬁne and ten-
glcr, and: hice fugaI’d. ‘ Ripe about the middle of
‘Augzyf; g

 

' La Fender,

Infulp, juice, and Shape, is like the m. Ham;
#Caffzﬂet, but a little bigger .-, its Wood alfo 33,2 Mn “
iniﬁers. Is ripe about the end of Sept-ember. ‘

‘La Pair Chat.

 

I

~. Is {ha ’d ve likea Hen’sE ,- or V , V
" elmoﬁ 1&8 therYMaz—tin Sec, its 32181.1( is The C” M"
different long and thiﬁ;s the Skin very {moothé fat»
‘ tin’d; and d: 3 the Colour 2 very clear or light Egan
’ ‘bella; its I'u p tender and buttery? and ﬂies iddi 'e‘ ,
I. tent fw'eet 5 ftis a pretty good Pear. Ripe in Origbm

x
r

 

'La Bej} dc Cufﬂa.

i .
% it’s a little Pear, about the bignefs ofthe 82122292552,
lgﬁ'zyellowilh, and all over full of Ruﬁe: Spots 7. its Pulp
{ tender but doughy, mix: with much earthy and foamy
matter, the Juice not very pleafantj and in Taﬁe 13»
~ F 4. £3sz es

       

'56 g The Cowplete. .Gard’nér? , V01 1;
fembling that of Service: -, ’tis but an indifferent Pear. j
Ripe in December and fanuary. '

I La St. Francis;

. . Is good only baked or preferved 3
The Sthm” it’s indifferent big, and very long, yelg
lowifh, and has a very thin Skin,

L’ Orange Mufgztee.

Is indiﬁ‘erent lar e, ﬂat, and retty
ijﬁgngfﬁ’ﬁ, much ting’d withredg, Stalk long, itI: Skin
ufually fpotted with little black Spots,
the Pulp pleafant enough, but a little gritty. Ripe the
beginning of Augzgﬂ.

L6 Grqfr Fremont.

‘ Is indiﬁ'erent big and long, and of a yellowifh
Colour, Juice fweet, and a little perfum’d, it’s good
only bak’d or preierv‘d. iTis in Perfeé’cion in Decema
bar, and faﬂuary.

I2 Carma/Ire.

. . Is large and ﬂat, gray on one ﬁde
The “We," "'1' \ and a little tingd with Red on the o,-

ther, and in form: places full of pretty large Spots.
It’s ripe in Merci). ‘

L2 Pair Rey-'2’.

m,‘ f P __ is iridiiierent large, ﬂat, and round, , .
"’"c R50 5 6‘" its Stalk very long and fmall, and Pulp
ems ihort. Ripe in liege/L and September,

\

14:3"

   

’ 5101.1,

Le Callio Rajah

Is almol’r of the CoIour, Bignefs, , 1
'and Shape of an ordinary Monﬂeur T7” 64”” ROﬂtt,
gm, but a little rounder, has a very ﬁg”??? ”3
ihort Stalk and fet hallow like an Ap- a M”
ple z it’s i’ulp eats fhort. Ripe in Auguﬂ‘ and Sepg
rem er.

La Vzllaiﬂe d‘ Anjm.

It’s large and ﬂat, of a yellowifh gray ' _ .
Colour, and has a fhort eatin Pul . Ki 6 3"", V1114!» 0?
in Otiober. g p ' p Anion, 65c. ‘

Le Grqfs Queue.

ls ﬁony and dry, and therefore . . .
ﬂighted -, tho’ by fome eﬁeem’d be- Themld Pu"
caufe it is much perﬁim’d, it’s yellowifh of Colour,
and of competent Bignefs. Ripe in 06101167.

or

 

‘ “n 'v. ‘ v n
'1 ’ “Wywrwwqu , ,4 1" . . ' 4"“: :"’-"k? 2.3.:

17’9‘Complete Gard’ner: 5’7"

’ 38‘ x ’W’fméﬁaaém w
”FRUIT-GARDENS;
' ' ‘lvAN‘D I ' T"

. . *Kitchen-Gardensi '

 

 

"5'7 Vlo L9 IQ'P'A'” KT. m.
.CHARHL

lMorzﬁeur (Ig Ia leintinye’: Dcfcrgptiwz qf
V Peaches, Plum, and Cberrzes.

 

‘La Pe’tbe Ele Tm}

¢ ﬂanking-“4&1 ,-}z ; ;;,.,;.', ,3

S a ver good little Peach, but not.” '
The T'” EMCEI very gonllant in Bearing, ., and is;.
. fubjeﬂ: to be peﬁa’d with Am: -, it’s round, having?
a little Teat at the end; the colour very much ting’d-E
with red, the Flower pretty large, tho’ the Tree is;-
* but fmalL , =3;

  
  

{a
r ,

La"?

In;

1
1,
, ‘4‘

     

I r-gziv

     

v u,
' u

w!

' ' " l,.. ‘ .

3a"; - .9” .

,, , V. x -

5 I >
\L. -_ >- r‘ ‘

”'Q

    
  

 

'i‘La' Violet ’Haﬂioc.   } .-

, Is an excellent Peach has a moit de— ' ' - - ‘.
licious and perfum’d Pulp, a Vinous and 1313;034:wa
’noble Taﬂe; its only fault is that ’tis mrd’mgm ‘
not large enough. '

\

“ -\ , If Admimbze.
, This Pm?) has almoﬂ all the good m- Adrm‘mble
} Qualities which can be deﬁred in a,» - ' ‘
, m5, and has no bad 91163; 155 very mund and large,
and ofa level Colour 5 a firm,iﬁ_nea and meltingl’ulp,
la fweet anti Ugar’d Juice, a vinoﬂs, rich, and exqui—
t'ﬁte Taﬁe, is net {iib'eEt to be doughy, remains long
~' on the Tree, 3 great ncreafer; ‘its‘Stone is but fmall,
L' thofe that ripen lal’c 0n the Tree are bell, for ’tis very
fuhjeét t0~dI°P its Emit half ripe, greenjfh and all \
d'owny,‘and “then it IOfeth all, its goodnefs; to pre-
'- ’V vent WhiCh, the Trfe may bepruﬂad and cut [very clofe
{0 the Branches Which {hoot out will be fairer and
’ founder, and the Fruit better.

La Mimic. ' V

is the moitbeautiful of P646716: that is, 15,3455“:
‘ it’s very large, very red, ﬁttin skin’d, and’ ' t

. round; ripens the ﬁrft of rhofe of its Seafon, has a
, ﬁrm and a' very-- melting Pulp, a very ﬁmll Stone 2, ’
but the Taﬁe is not always the richeﬁ nor briskeﬁ,
‘~ being fometimes a little ﬂat and faint.

 

-7 - - La Belle Cbcverezg’e. ‘

‘Is a beatitivfel Peach, and ripens next 1'1” Bel! Chen;
after. the 1141711012, it’s hardly inferior to wercuﬁ’, or,
- any in Largenefs,lbeaury of Colour, and GW PW”°

good

 
    

  

’fbeCdm étede'rd’iziéﬂ * ‘

W“ *~ (teegnrm‘ww’tww‘ﬁww ”WW2, .. ,. , _ ,
, 60 The Complete Gard’nef'. Vol.1; ‘,
good Shape, which is a little longifh; its Juice is al ,
bundantly fugar’d, and well reliihed, and is a great”:
Increafer; But fometimes it grows doughy, when, .:

quer’d to be .too ripe on the Tree, or when it grows
on a cold modt Soi .

 

La Nivet.

‘ Is a very fair large Peach, of a ﬁne Co- ’
The Niw; by; lour both within and without, which
V 61‘0“ Pedc’i- renders it molt agreeable to look upon 5

its Pulp and Juice are very good, a
ﬁnall Stone, and the Tree is a great bearer, ’tis not '
quite ('0 round as the Mime): and Admirable, but
pretty near it when the Fruit grows on 3 found
Branch, otherwife it’s a little horned and longiih.
Ripe about the Twentieth of September.

La Purpeee.

\ The Tree bears in great abundance (and

The Purple for that refpeﬁ may be ,preferr’d before

PMCb- the Bill‘diﬂc’, tho“ that be the better Peach)

one may know the Colour by its Name,

it’s of a brown dark red Colour, which pene-

trates much into the Pulp, which is of a very vinous

’ Taﬁe; it’s very round and indiﬂérent large, and the
Pulp pretty ﬁne, Taf’re rich and exquiﬁte. ‘

La Maga’elene Blanche.

It’s an admirable Peirzeh when planted in

T/Je white 3 good Soil, and well expos’d, but very
M‘gdelm“ fubjeé‘t to be injur’d by Ants. Some Gard-
ners believe that there are two forts of

them becaufe fome beat well, and Others but little 5
but the Flower‘ of each is alike, which is large, and has
2.1 little blufh of red, alfo the Leaf oi'both agrees, _be-
mg

. , tjw'i‘mimmw‘swm, J "$W"'WVW“H 7 " ” ' ‘

 

'Vol. I. The Complete Gard’ner. 61‘;
i ing large, and very much indented, they alfo ripen
5 at the fame time, which is towards the end of Augu/i ;~
g and agree alfo in Colour, Bignefs, Shape, Juice,
."Tal’te, and Stone: Both of them are large, round,
and half ﬂat, very much painted with red on the Sun«
~= ny ﬁde, and not at all on the other, a ﬁne Pulp, a
l Tweet and a fugar’d Juice, a rich Taﬁe; no red about
:the Stone, the Stone in both of them is fhort, and
? almol’t round; they both produce goodly Trees, and
rthe difference is Judged to proceed only from the
5‘ more or lefs Vigour of the Stock they are budded.

La Perﬁgue.‘

Is a marvellous Increafer, and of an .
admirable Talte, it’s longifh, and has The Per/751k:
all the good Qualities that can be Wilht P8405-
for when the Tree is healthy, and in a
good Soil, and well expofed, andas generally Peach
Stones refemble the {hape of the Fruit, fo this of the
Pezﬂgue, is a little longifh, and the Pulp next thereto
is but very little ting’d with red; it ripens jul’t after
the Cbevereufe, and a little before the Admirable.

La Violette Brugrmz.

Is an admirable Fruit when it comes .
, - . . . Tb: Vzolet

to fuch Maturlty as to grow a little {hrt- Bm ~

> - . £710", or
vell d and wrinkled, the Pulp lS reafona- Nathan.
bly tender, or at leaﬂnOt hard, it’s pret- ' _
ty much painted with red about the Stone, the Juice
andTaﬁe extremely delicious.

La jame tardive Admirable.

Is mild/amino”, but it wholly refembles The jet/on;
the Admifab/c Pc’dé‘b, bOth in Shape and ’46” Ad:
Bl§11¢i5;f0 that it may wellbe call’d the yellow ““5"-

Admirablc’,

o

‘ 3 Pcrﬁgues, Admirzzb/cr, A'ivctr, Sic, tho’ fometimes it
3 comes very near them. The new~planted Trees are a ,

Tb: Bow/dine. It's an admirable good Pearly, not in: 3».

ﬁdmirq 3‘ from which it differs in the yellow C ‘

193: bot “of its Skin and Pulp; they are both coldnr’. 1; '
tied-03313 the Sunny lide, and the red pierceth a little ‘
mo're'abOut the Stone of the yellow one, than about;
the White; it"s of good‘Taﬁe, but a little fubjeét t
he doughy. ' ‘ ~ i

3 La Violet Tardive, on Marbree; -

' : 3 ‘It has a vinous and delicious Talle, }_
The" latter Vioa‘ and when it ripenswell, it furpallés all‘fi:
let, 5*, "347* the rem it requires very much He ‘t,-«
5"" 1’94"" is-a little bigger than the ordinary 1222-,

let Panel), and not fo much Colour’d all. v

3 over with red'as that, and borrows the Name of Illa)“: '

51:, theeaufe it"s ufually whipt or ﬁrip’d with a violet :
red. IBS apt not to ripen well, and to chap and burlt-j 3

,. all over, when. the Autumn proves too cold or moilt.;3;~

  
   

La Bourdim.

I

ferior to any of the former, only it’s not ‘
quite {'0 large as the Mtgdelmr, Mzgmom, waereufe, .1

‘ little tedious before they come to bear, but when once :3
they -* begin, they. are extremely loaden'with' Frzut

3. Which occaﬁons itsl‘mtbc: fornetimes not to be f0, ‘1‘:
- big as they lhould be; but if form: of them are taken

301.}: about Midfummtr, and only a reafonable number
left on, they will grow large enough; they are the}
roundelt, bell colou’r’d and molt agreeable Peaches
to look on, that we have, and their inlide is as good
as it appears outwardly, ;.

L‘A; a
3 t

i
t

  
     
   
 
   
  
   
  
 
 

  

It begins to ripena Meme Before othér
’eacbes, and comes to Maturity at the we
y beginning of July -, ifs {mall and, round-
, with a little Teat at the end; is {0
’ pale that ‘no But: can colour ' it' réd, tho" it thine
_~ it never fowarm; the 1’qu is ﬁne enougha but ve»
~ fubjeét to grow doughy, and has not to brisk and
CI h a Tai’te as moﬁ of the others ham: 3 is better
, r Compote: or Sweet-mutt, than raw 3 its Flower
as large, 'and, of a pale yellow, makes no handfome
Tree, and the molt peﬂet’d with Ants of any“,

La Pecbe d’ Italy.

or, white
Nutmeg-o '

~<

Isa kind of haft' or forward Perﬁ we? ‘ ya

Iefembles in alﬁgt’hittgs the Pet/[gee 5 iicﬁahm
ts Bulk ismble,‘ the Figure longifha with ,

' little' eat at the end, the colour 2 fair deep Carma

t‘ion, its Ta'ﬁe good ; but it ripens about the Middle of

adaguﬂ, which is full Fifteen days before the others

I La Parke R94]. ’ \

. Is a kind of AJmirable, but/comeé'iaa
ﬁtter, and of a darker red Without, and. a I’m! a ,
little more ting’d with red. near the Stone 1am: ’ Aim?
;than that, otherwife it‘s perfeétly like the ”we, "
eAdﬂll-Z'dblfg and is an excellent Peach ’

The Raﬁ!

La qutmne.

. It tefemhles the Bourdizze if! Sha e and
\ Bulk, and differs from it in the ‘c our of

_ _ _ a . Feeds
i4 Its 5le and Pulp, Whlch m thxs latter are '

3’ €110W 5 both 0fti1em take a thong Tizﬁme of $5353
« ‘ them,

r
J?

The ﬁfmatd ~

The Pg? was;

‘ ” '1'ny “I“. -:‘»:.u:‘

  

‘3" kW“““"“‘"‘ WWW V'W w

64? ,Tbe Complg2ad I V01“

 

nér

from the Sun, viz. a vet ’dusky red; this Peach is .2
very fruitful and well ta ed, the only fault is, that :
iris apt to grow doughy when too ripe. . '

L’ Alberge rouge.

Is one of our prettieﬂ Peaches, for its :
vinous and rich Taﬁe, if ripe enough, 0- ‘-
therwife its Pulp is hard 5 ’tis no bigger ‘.
than a Troy Peach, and much like it, but feems to be .1
more colour’d with red 5 the only fault is, that ’tis i
not large.

The red A!—
barge.

La Magdalena rouge.

. Is round, ﬂat, and linking, very

37’; "irM‘g‘ much colour’dwithred without,andpret- .
dig}; '1er} ty much Within 5 It’s Indifferent'large,

Pcacb. and apt to grow double and twin-like,

which hinders. it from producing fair

Fruit, the Flower islarge and high colour’d, it’s Pulp

not very ﬁne, but Talie good enough, but not near

f0 good as thofc before-mention’d, tho’ in form:

places it improves both in Bignefs and Taﬂe ex»
tremely. - .

Lzz Bel/6 dc Garcia.

Is a fair Peach, :1 little fooner ripe,
and lefs tinE’cur’d with red both within
and without than the Admirablc, its
Pulp a little more yellowifh, but the Taﬁe not quite
f0 rich, orherwife in Bulk and Figure it might be
taken for an Admiral/[6, but produceth not f0 good
a Tree as that. ,

The Bell-gard
Peach.

La

lVbl.~ l.“ ‘Tbe Complete Gard’iier. 6; ~
V I 1.4 Pavia Blaine];

In the ohrﬁdé it dlﬁers not at all Froin' the .2 .
white Magdalene, only in opening %: We ﬁnd P21333171“
it a Pam‘s5 ( 7312:, cleaving to the Stone ; )ir. ' '
has a ﬁrm Pulp, and a good brisk Taﬁc enough, when =

xfull ripe.
La Pavia Rouge dc Pompom.

lt’s prﬁdlgiouﬂy large,bsing fometlmes
"Twelve or Fourteen Inches abour, oi‘a 77"? 11?"! P114
._ - . 112:: of Porn-
rverylow-ly {ed Colour; and nothmg ls pone arm”-
unort- delighful to behold, than When’a ﬂrau} pmvieé
ggood FVall Tree has a good quantity of
{them ', whcn they Come to rlpen well, and in fair weal-'-
ltherm Garden is much honour’d in being adorn’d with
l'them, the Hand Well l‘gnislied m hold them, and [he
KMouth exquiﬁtely pleas’d in eating ofthcm;

La Blanche Andillé.

"ls as‘gzjeat incleaicn, Fair to. the Eye 755126521“;
:large, rOUnd, and mr, takes a lively Co- Andi!!! ‘
1 lour in the Sun, but no red wirlﬁn‘ ; it’s in- °
ldiﬂ'erent good, when not luller’d to ripen too much
.r. on the Tree, forthen it gro‘Ws doughy.

(3
1m

66 '17:: complete Gard’ner. Vol. I;

A Catalogue of good Peach“, 4: the) Ripe» ”WWWIJ

in mar/E.
Time of Ripening
PE“) Ava»: Peach Beginning of 3141;;
Troy Peach End of jab, and beginning of

Yellow Alberge Peach
Little Yellow Pavia Alberga
Red Alberge

White Magdalen Peach
Red Magda/m Peach
Minion Peach

Italian Peach

White Peach

Little violet Albergc Peach
Little Violet Pavia Alberge
Baurd'r'ne Peach

Droufel Peach

Cherry Peach, yellow Pulp
Cherry Peach, white Pulp,
Chevereufe Peach

Reg/Irma: Peach

Pavia IQfarme

Perﬁque Peach

Violet halting Peach

Bell Gard Peach

Violet Brugm», or Neﬂarm
Purple Peach

Admirdz/e PeaCh

Niece Peach

Pau Peach

White Andi”: Peach
Narlmn Peach

Great yellow backward Peach
Royal Peach

Backward violet Peach
Yellow fmooth Peach

T he great red

White Pattie

(Algllﬂa
ga little after.

Middle of
Auguﬂ.

§End of Augu/I.

gEnd ofdugn/I.
Beginning of 1 a
Sop.

gel little after the
§b€ginning of Sq).

Middle of Sep.

A little after the
' middle of Sep.

l

l

S 0806":

Ibtfe

Vol. I. The Complete Gdrd’ner: 67',

Tbcfe are candenin’d by tbe Author a: the war]? of
Peaches.

‘Niple Peach

:YcllOw {mouth Brugnm
iscnguinole .
ZBloody Peach -_ Ripe at the end
rWhitc Corbeile ofOHaber.

7 Double Fiour

’ NU! Peach

“A

 

Of P lamb“.

HERE are almoﬁ inﬁnite forts 'r‘f 71m; ,.

, good Plum {bouldhave a ﬁne, tends ,

ting Pulp, a very. (Wee: and {ugar’d]u?c::, r. 5,35;

‘ quuiﬁte Taﬂe, which in fame is psi-£121,225? s“: so; an:
» to be eaten raw, and without Sugar. I,

{The ‘5'; :ibzé‘I'V/if”?
I 378111;:an; -.
9L Carin? 2“,”:
Aprﬁmv ‘3

4 [{w ? 1: a“; 'f"..

' Emgm '._
A Catologuc of hlsbef’c Plumsﬁ Lam; 1
Reine Clan/7', ‘

: Imperial,

. La Royal.

Biew
' Red ()damasl

, Wain-K
3LWhitc Mir-able.

 

G 1 Plumbs

{.

Vol.1; T/ac Complete Gdrd’ner; ' 68

Plums dgﬂingugﬂncd accordiug to tbeirfweral .Qwhﬁcatiams
a: to their Taﬁe, Figure, Colour, @c.

Plums, whofe Pulp is doughy Perdngon of Coma}.
and mca‘y, {White dOUble Bloﬂbm

Black Damask Haﬂing'
Ofa (harp, and fowrifh Date Plum.

Taﬁc. Mom, or, Pitch Plum;
‘ , Brugnole. '
Musk Damask.
’ Morm.
Dry. Amber Plum.
Bull Plum

' _ Bugno/e.
Hard. Date Plum.

" Imperiai.
WormyL . Many of the Damaskg
! Diaper Pfum.
Imperial,
Date Plum.
Plum: very long. I/um.
Ragnar: de Cog;
rPcrdrigm.
‘ St Katharine.
Diaper.
Mirabcl.
' a ' JLOD Violet Damask.
Longlﬂl fhap d. Ding: Date.-
Mignian.
Burgundy Mojen.
‘ Rhodes Pluml 8K2.
Reine Claud.
S White
" " o ( uarc Vio‘“
“mtg, andﬁdm R f] ‘2 Gray Damask;

iv.»

1 Green
Musk’d
Round

69 The Campléte Gdrd’ner. Vol. I;

Round, and almoﬂ fquarcg

and ﬂat.

Prctty- large Plums.

Extreme large Plums.

Little.

Little Cherry Flam.

C emu) Perdn'gm.

Royal.

é Pigeons Heart;

‘ Brugnole.
Drab 4’ Oz".
Perdngon.
St. Katharine.
Apricot Plum.
Damask,‘ 86c.
Bullock’s Heart;
Gama] Perdn‘gm.
Imperial,wbite and rd.

Mirabelr.

Colour of Plums.

Of a yellowilh
white Colour.

b

‘ Of a Violet red Co-g

lourg

4.

White Perdn'gw;
White Damask!
St. Katharine.
Apricot Plum:
Minion.

Reine Gland.

Drab (1’ Or

, Great Dane.
llmperial,

rBlCW Perdngm:
Roche Carbon.
Empreﬁ.
Imperial.
Longa

Round Damask,

La Royal.
ll Violet Diaper;

 

rCmr dc Bwﬁ

G g Violet

‘79 m Complete Gard'ner. v01. 1.

. Brugmlea
. Violet black. éGrcat Violet Tours Da- W
_ mask. - \-

Rbodu Plum.

' Late
ForWard }Damaslf.
Musk’d Damasko
Pigeons Heart.

Black Plum.

Ilverr. ._.
Green Plum: éGrce’n Damask.
: ~ (fa/2:11.171.
Gray Damask.
_ Cherry Plum.
Red; {Prune Marines.
‘ ' Dari/la, ‘or little Dates.
A: for the ﬂicking to the Stone in Plums, ’tis not
Worth minding, brovided the Fruit be good; _ .
Molt Plum, whether good or bad, quit not time
Stones. tum/t Plum: quit their Stones taﬁeﬂ. The
Pulp in all Plum: is yellow. V

 

Of Cherries.
, B O u T the middle ofyzmc Red Fruits begin

to come in, and hold at leall ’rill the end of

311/75 among Which are reclwn'd Cherries, Grim. and
Biggamex, or Heart-Cbsmei, to be the "atoll principal;
We may have Dwarf—Tree! of them, but Standard: are
better. They are Fruits {o well known every where,
that they need no Defcription ; none Gltl’ltm are {0
ptiz’d as the large latte-t Chm-nu, which are and
Mbmmoranciu‘ and next them the Biggaroe: or Hair-r
Cherriu, and in the third place, the Gum, or Agrz‘orr.
The Guigrm, 0r Gm'gm, ol‘whlch there are White,
red, and 'black, or indeed early ripe, but they are
.- , u I l ' . . . ‘ L. ' . [OD

Vol. I. The Complete Gard’ner; 7 I

too ﬂefhy and inﬁpid, and are not much eaten by any

- Perfons of Quality: The Cherries which are call’dfaro

ward Cherries, but are not the early ones of all, or true
Haﬂs‘rzgs, fucceed the Grapes or Guigm; they are fair

‘- enough to the Eye, are long ﬁalk’d, and ol a fharpiih

and bitterifh Talle, and therefore are valu’d but
little, unlefs it be for the making of fame of the ﬁrl’t

Compares, or ouSmes-Mem.

The truly good and fair Cherries, commonly call’d
preferring Cherries, are thofe of Monrmoranq; fame of
them grow upon Trees that (hoot out great and up-
rightBranches, and thofe are the largelt fort of them ; ’
but that fort of Tree bears but few of them. They are
orherwife call’d the Claulard} Cherry.

The right fort of good common Cherrie: produce
{mall Branches, bending downwards, and bring great
[lore of Fruit, which is very {weer and pleafant to

. the taﬂe 5 one and the fame Tree bears both long and
' ﬂ’tort ﬂalk’rd ones; and it’s‘cheiﬂy of this fort we are

to plant molt Treat,

The Bigarq, or Heart-Cherry, is a Fruit both ﬁrm
and crackling, longilh, and almoﬂ iquare, but al-
Ways very Tweet, and very agreeoble ', the Tree [boots
out thick Branches that are luxuriant enough : Its Leaf
is longiib.

The Grist or Agria; is a fort of Blackiih Cherry, of a

t pretty ﬁrm Conﬁllence, and very fweet and excel—

w

lent; it bloIToms mightily, but withal is Very {ub-
jeé} to mifcarry in the Bloﬁom : It produces a thick
Dwarﬁ'free, with a Top compos’d of Branches, keep- -
ing clofe and tight together, and its Leaf is broad

,, and blackifh; none of the kinds of Men'ﬁ's, or com-

mon black Cherries, deferve to be admitted into an

artiﬁcial Garden, being properly Forei’t Trees, or
2 Wildings, yet may they {erve us at leaﬁ for Stock to

or receive the Gratis of the choice forts onherrt'es before
mention’d.

64, Of

7 2, The Complete Gard’ner. . Vol, H,
Of Apricots. i

'A Pricotr are good only for we! and dryfmeet Mean, .
not being delicious tobe eaten raw in any large ‘
quantity,

Standnd Apricots __

There are pretty good ones that grow Upon StanJ-
'ard Trees, which a: 6 all tannd and fpecltled with lit. ,
tle red Spots, they r e pleafanter to the Eve and Pa~ -
late than (hole agzi ill a Wall, and of a more exqqi-V
ﬁte Talk.

Apricots again]? .1 {Val},

The Wall makes Amicarr larger, gives them arr
admirable Vn-umi.‘ :in- C)l()UF, and caufas them tobear
more ccrta both forts are good tor Preferving the

‘beii or them area little (ugar d but u- ually a little
doughy

Time of Kipmjng, and DJEriptiorz.

HM“?! ripen at the beginning ofiulr, elpecially the
balling or early 4orr‘cor, whereof the Pulp is very
white, the [.cal mtind and grett .er than the others,
but no better that they

The ordinary APHCHJ are more large and their
Pulp yellow, ripe about lhc u lClCllL of 34!},

\Vhen too great a number or them knit upon the
Tree, :1 great many mull be p luckt LE, and they will ,
maltccxcel lent green Ccrnvarer, 02 mt Swect~Mearr.

1r:

Vol.1. T128 Complete Gdrd’ner. 7;

1:12: Anjoufwut kernell‘d Apricot.

In the County of Ajnjoz; there isa {mall 4p rim:
with a fweet Kernel, almol’t like a Pbilbert, and ac-
cordingly the Stones are gfqelly crack’d to eat them;
It has a white Pulp, very good, and ufually grows, a
Stquard.

 

 

 

9 H A P- 1V.
Of Apples
La Reine”: Griﬁg, aged La Reinette Blanch

He two forts of Pifpim are diflinguiﬁh-Q

”21491:?! ed by the two Names of Greg and
gay-mite («V/me which they bear. ; being in other We
{peas of an equal Goodnefs; good Compote:

and Pl'et Sweet Mean may be made of them at all
times. They being to be eaten Raw towards the
Mpmh of Herman; before which time they have at
little point of Sharpneiﬁé, which is fomcwhatdila-
greeable and unpleal'ant to fome l’eople'2 but when
they are imirely freed from that, they cantraé} a
Smell that is much more difagreeahle, when the Smell
of the ﬁraw upon which they laid to Mellow, inter:
mixes therewith. They are Very Proﬁtable, becaufe
pl theit being made ule of almoﬁ all the year long. .'

La Callville d‘ Autumne.

The Gel/wil/eApple is {hap’d longilh,and

{'bél’ﬁ‘l‘lmm of a very R:d Colour both within and
tar?” e 'withogr, efpccially the Bell of them, viz,

' (m Thofe that have the moll: agteeablc Violet fmell
‘ " that

74, The Complete Gdrd’ner. Vol. I.
that renders them (0 conﬁderable. Thele moﬂ Ex-
cellent ones have always their Pulp more deeply
ting’d with Red, and are allo more beautiful than the
others. They keep moﬂ commonly from oaobcr,
the time of their coming in, till gammy and February;
It’s a mol’t excellent Fruit to eat Raw; and no leli
excellent to ufe in Compare: or W}: Slam Mew. It
fometimes grows dry and Meally, but that is not till
it is very old.

1.: Fenced/ct, ou Pom J’ Am}.

It is of a Colour not well to beer:-

7“ ”Tm/e}; prelk’d; ’tis Gr», over-call with ﬂame-
$.47,” 1' thing of aRuﬂi-t, coming near the Co-
lour ofthe Belly ofa Doe 3 never taking

any lively Colour. It never grows Very big, and
feems to incline to alongilh Figure. The Pulp is
very ﬁne, and the juice much {ugar’d, and Perlum’d
with a little fmack of thofe Plants from whence it
derives its name. It begins to be Good at the be-
ginning of Decemlzer, and keeps till February and
March. lts Certainly a very pretty Apple, but is
apt to wrinkle and wither, as the Cour pends, which

follows nexr.
Le Cour pmdu,

Is perfeﬂly of the regular Figure of
“5.0907 ‘ 1‘“th ; an Apple, and Di realonable bignefs-7
9' ’ﬂ’JO’ ’ 5’1"“ of 3 Gray Ruﬂer Colour on one tide,
APP)" and Dyed with Virmil/x‘on on the other;
the Pulp is Very line, and its Iuice very fweet and
Pleal'ant. They are eaten with plealure from De-
cember, till Februzry and March. \Ve mull not give
it time to grow wrinkled; becaufe then it is inﬁpid,
and lofes the talle. Tia a very pretty Apple.
1-41

yo], I. The Complete Gard’ner. 75
La Fame diidp'i

This Apple is of an extraordinary
piercing and lively Colour, It begins
to be good as foot) as it has no Green
left, neither towards its Stalk, nor towards itsCrown;
Which happens pretty often in the Month of Dream.
her, and then it may be eaten greedily at a Chop,
'with its Coat all on; for among all other Apply,
there is none that has {0 ﬁne and delicate a Skin as
this; for its [carce perceivable in the eating, and
contributes mucl. to the agreablenefs found in them.
It laﬂs from December till March and April. And
is wonderful good all that time without any manner
of difagreeable {knell 5 but on the contrary has a cer-
tain little touch of; molt delicious Perfume. The Pulp
,eXtraordinary ﬁne. .It’s' a great increalér, and cer»
tainly may be commended for a very pretty Apple -,
it has likewife this farther Advantage -, that it never
wrinkles, nor loﬁcsizs charming Colour. ‘ "

The Ladies
'Apple. '

La V idettc.

ls of a whiriil‘t, Ground Colour, a little

{peckled in thofe parts Which are from the 71,6 750.

Sun, but marked, or rather ﬂriped with lexrAppZe.
.a good lovely deep Redon the Sunny ﬁde. " i
The Colour of its Pulp is verytwhite, and very ﬁne
and delicate, having aJuice extremely (met and i - '
gar’d, leaving no Earthinefs or Lees behind it; {0
that aﬂhredly ’tis an admirable A'pyle, to be eaten as
ioon as ’tis gather'd, and continues good till Cbnﬂmar,
beyond which time it willnot reach, ' ‘

The

76 The C ampiete Gard’ntr. Vol.1”

The lilac/4 Ice App/r.

This is of the lize and [hope of an ordinary Prppin,
ofa ﬁrming dark red Colour , it keeps till Afril, and
has always a tang of a Green taﬂe. ' '

Tb: Cofmtm.

Are a fort of Caiw’h, which keep till Fdryml
Their }uice Vtry ﬁmer, Stalk long and fmall.

 

0f Vines,

Tb: White Mufcat ; or, Mufcattcl. Alli: :5: Red and
tire Black Mufcatt.

T H E W711}: Maﬁa: is clear, ﬁrm, yellow, hard.
and crackling, Juice (weer, fugard and per-
fu'fn’d 5. it’s an excellent Fruit, its Berry round and
middle lizc. There is alfo the led and the Black
Maﬁa, but the Mir: is the bell.

Chaﬂclas 2, or Bar fur-Aube : Threeﬁrt: aftbemr

This is otherwlfé call’d the Barﬂy-Auk. It’s a
very fweet Grape, produceth/ large Cluﬂers, and its
Grain or Berry is large and crackling 3 it keeps lon-
ger than any other Grape, and gives great fuisfaétion
when all others are gone. There are Three fortr,
the 3:71am, the Red, and the Black, whereof the White
is be .

I!» Long MulEat.
The Long Muﬁ-ar, or Pa/i Mir/Que, requires more _

heat of the Sun to bring it to perfection, than the Muf-
eat: before mention’d. Corinthian

‘ Vol.1. M'COmplete Gard’nér. 7‘»

Corinthian. Tum farts.

The White: Corinthian is a Very {weer Grape, the
Bunches are {mall and long, and its Grain: or Bertie:
{mall and ﬂicking cloﬁ: together, and have no Stones.
There is alfo the led Cérintbian, in ihape like the
former, but does not excel it in goodnefs.

The Bautdelais, call’d at Paris the Veriuice Grape.

is a large white longilh Grape, grows in great
large Cluliers, and almoll: never comes to Maturity;
and conlequently good only for Sweet Mean, or to
make Verjmce with. Its Leaves are us’d much to gate
nilh Diﬂtes with in 0301:».

' T13: Cioutat.

The Fruit very much refembles the Chaﬂila: in Col
lour, Bignefs, and Tait, only the Leaf of the Ciauv‘
:25 is dented all about the edges, like Parﬂy, and feems
to bear more fruit than the Cbaﬂélas, but the Chagr-
la: is better. .

The early, or, forward Grape:

It‘s a fort ofa black Marillm, andtakes Colour very
early, which makes it feem to be ripe long before it
is; The Skin is very rough, and when’tis ripe, the
Grape is very fWeet. It ripens commonly at the Very
beginning of 37:41}. It’s but little worth.

There are many other Varieties of Grapes, as the
drama Grape, which ripens in the Indus, and the Per-
galcﬂe , The Paﬂe Mufgue, and all other principal forts
of Graptr, ripen even In the open Air in Italy: but it’s
not [0 in France, where none of them arrive to any to-
letable Ripenefi, .

of

78 ' '17:? Complete Gdrd’ner. Vol. I'.‘

 

0] Figs
F I G S bear twice a year wig. ﬁrll: in '71,], and
Augu/l, and are ufually call’d Egg-Flowers; thefé
are worth little, bec‘aulé they haVe gone through all
the Cold, and all the Rain in the Spring, which fpoils ‘
their dcliciom and excellent Taﬂe.

The other are ripe in September and Oﬂaber, which
being form’d in the bell Sealbn 0f the Year, and nou-
rilhed with a Juice Well concoaed, renders them far
more excellent than [he former.

There are ﬁveral forts of ﬁgs, but there’slonl’
Two ofthcm that are really good, 01:21.

Great white long Fzg;

They“: white/071g Fig la in Perfsﬁl-Jn about the
and of Autumn, has an quuilite Talle, and does no:

eaﬁly chap.

Great White round Fxg.

The great white round Fig is a greater Bearer than
the former, and almoll us good, but apt to chap and
gape towards the Head with wide Clefts, andthem;
by looléth much of its Sweernefs and Perfume; it’s
the great Rains that occaﬁon it to crack. Ripe with

the former.
Some other Varietie: of Figa
Black Fig.
It’s Very long, and pretty big, ofa dark red C04

lour, but got quit; {9 rd within as without ; it’s
very

:vol. I} T721: Complete Gard’nerl 79 _

:very much fugar’d, but ﬁtmewhat dryer than the
" White oner-

Great yellow Fig .

It’s a little Red and Flelh-colour’d within 5 lac-ax;
much Fruit in Autumn, but not very delicate.

Great Violet Fig.

There are two forts, the long and the ﬂat; but
:- their Pulp is 010%, and good for little.

Green Fag.

It has a very long Stalk, aVermillion Pulp, pretty

, {wee-t, and well lugar’d, but produceth very li:tle
Fruit.

La' Medot.
It’s Yellow within and without;
Black Fig.

This differs from the Black Fig before mention’d,
its Pulp being red.

' Small white Fag.
-Its Talle is rather faint than fugar’d; ’tiscall’d

alfo the Haﬁing or forWard Fig, becaufe it. ripens a
. (hart time before the others.

Little Berjaﬂétte.

It’s of adark Violet Colour, very delicate; but
bears little Pruitt H l W V Angelique

80‘ The Complete Gdrd’ner: Vol. I;
Angelique Fig.

It’s of a VioletCnlour, and long. butnot-very big,‘
the Pulp red, andrealbnably good.

CHAP. V.

How to make tlze 5e]? 1%: oft/16 Walls in
Every Garden.

’ A Mong the Fruit and Kircbm-Gardem which are

treated of, there are lome that are entirely in-
ctofed on all ﬁdes with WEI/1:, and fume that are {0 but
in part; ﬁtme again that are without any at all; sis
for theft: lali, they are to be pitied : Bu? the Condition
of the Garden: we have to do with, for many gooﬁ
reafons require to be ml: ’1! quite ab )Ui-

As for the hill, they hwe aft leaii three Expoﬁti-
ons, it being not pullible they (hould have fewer;
and regularly they hate {our : Thor: whiCh hen/e but
three, are Garden: that are 'l‘riangnlar, which are
pretty rare: that being a Ctamp’d and {we’d Figure,
which ought to be thtided. As to t‘nofe that have
four 1474”}, they are 0! a {quart Figure, which IS the
commonei‘t, as well 19 the flirt“ mti moﬁcmvahient

There are likewit’e fume that are Pentagoml and
Hexagonal, which are not Very dilhgreeztble for the
planting of PVa/l-Ttees', yet are not very accountable,
they being attended with many Inconveniencics 5
and perplcx Gard than, who are thereby hindred from
forming any ﬁghtlyJS qUJTCS in their [thbemGarden’ 5
And beﬁde's, the rmking of Garden: Inf) thof'e un-
ufual Figures, IS much more charge Wlble than to make

them {imply and plainly {quare-3 and yet, when ali’s

fiche;

"i!

iw‘m‘mmt _« q' g ‘ ~ . m, A
E{Vol.11, The Complete Gard’nerl 8'?

«lone, tho’ they may have more Wally, yet they can

have no more diﬁinﬁt Equ/itian than a plain Square;

:sfor let us do what we can,'it’s impoihble to produce

: any more than thefe four, ma. Ea/i, Way}, North, and
South.

Now in Terms of Gard’ning, we call Ex- _
pofitiam, every Wall that enjoys the 11,4055, Afpefi'.
and kindly Reﬂeéiion of the Ra es oi the

Sun during a certain time of. the ay, in a different

2- manner from another Wall not in the fame Poﬁtion :
Thus we call an Eaﬁem Expoﬁtion, a Wall that is
eyed by the Sun the half of the Day 5 that is,
from its riﬁng ’till Noon, and that a Weﬂerbr Expa-
(z‘tion, upon which the Sun {hines the l‘econd half of the

_ Day, which begins immediately after Noon, and con-
tinues 5till Sun ﬁtting. That which we calla Southern
Expcyizion, is that which the Sun conﬂantly fhines up.
on longer than either of the Two former 5 and there
are fome Gardens that are fo advantageouﬂy turned,
that one of their Wall: is almol’t all the Day cheriihed
with the Sun Beams.

Having explained the Three good Expoﬁtiom, it’s
no hard matter to conclude, that the unhappy Nor-
tberly Expoﬁtion, is that which enjoys the Sun only du-
ring that little time in which the Southerlv one has
him not 5 the Portion of thofe of the North then, is
to enjoy from the Equinox of March, to that ofSep‘

‘ tember, the earliel’t Rayes of the Sun that appear above

our Horizon, that is to fay, .to he (hin’d upon betimes

A in the Morning, and that fometimes for an Hour or

two, and fometimes for three or fourﬁand fometimes

they have a [hort view of the Sun towards the Evens
ing, but very often none at all, p .

It follows from thence, that there is no Wall that

. has not at leai’t fome little glance of the Sun once a

? day, and that is a Favour nor be undervalued.
H The

82 The Cmplete Gard’ner. _ Vol, Hi ..

The Sun never‘hegins to fhine upon one Wall, butrry:
he fhines upon two at the fame time. When he rifes,,a.-:
he-ordinatily {hines at once upon the Northern WalLLir
and part of the Ea em, and as foon as ever the pro-tn,
grefs of his Cour e carries him out of ﬁght of that oﬁt,
the Nortb,he infenﬁbly extends his Beams to that Ofthen
South, yet To, as not for a good while to quit that oﬁu
the Eaﬂ, but {hining upon borh at once; In the fame“:
manner alfo, he leaves nor of? [hining on theEaﬂemt
Wall, but‘in order to advance himfelf by little and}:
little towards the Walter” Expoﬁtz'arz, and to continue);
‘ in the meanwhile his favourable Afpeft to the South-t
erly Wall: So that thofe two Wall: are likewife at the:
fame time gratiﬁed with his cherilhing Rayes.

Thus having explain’d what is meant in Terms oft
Gardening, by Equﬂrimzs, any Perfon may eaﬁlyg
Edge of thofe he has in his own Garden, whether it”

‘ wall’d quite about, or only in part. .

The better the Grown] is, and the higher the W41”?-
the greater number of Tree: may be applied to them 5,:
that is, we may place them nearer to one another, andli
3by this Means order them f0, that between two which:
:we may referve to garnifh the lower part of the Wad/,7
there maybe always one to (hoot up and garnifh the:
upper part, that fo the upper and lower parts ofour'r
Fruit-Walls may be both garnifhed at once, and con-a
fequently yeild us Fz'a’it f0 much the fooner, and in:
greater Quantity. So on the contrary, the lower the .5
Wall: are, f0 much the farther the Trees are to bee

laced one from anorher, and thofe Diﬂances mutt}
gill be more enlarged where the Ground is very rich, ,
than when it is but indifferently qualiﬁed.

Our Deﬁgn in planting Wall-Trees, is indeed to 4
have fo much the fairer Fruit hut ﬂill more cheiﬁy *
to fecure the greater Store of it -, but Tree: do not
infallibly yeild Haitamlels it be upon feeble Brenda’s-Ci l

, an '

W01} at; The Complete Gard’ner. 8 3‘
rand therefore We (hall have no Fruit upon out Wall-
?Trees, unlefs we contrive it f0, that we may have fome
éféeble Branches on them: And if the Tree be vigo-
arous, as they are commonly in good Soils, they can-
mot produce any feeble Branches, unlefs they be allow.
red at great deal of room, to fpread out to the belt ad-
"vantage all thofe that are ﬁt to bear, becaufe that fup-
t oﬁng they be planted too near one another, and the
f alls not be high enough, they mul’t neceITarily be
qprun’d ihort, or elfe they will (boot above the Wall,
and confequently will ceafe to be Wall-Trees, or elfe
’they will fo entangle their Branches one with ano-
ither, thatzthey will make a very difagreeable Confu-~
i ﬁon. ,So that if then they be curb’d in that manner,
tif we leave them not Branches of fome conﬁderable
:iiThicknefs and Length, all the young Shoots they
tproduce will be always thick, and bear no Fruit.

As no Walls of Inclofure ought to be lefs than fe—
ven or eight Foot high, fo likewife it is not conve-
:nient to deﬁre Walls in a good Expoﬁrioa of above
’ ﬁfteen or ﬁxteen Foor high.

Reader, you are deﬁred to obferve, that what is
‘ material in Monﬁeur La Qaintirgre, from the end of
- his fecond Book, to the end of the Fifteenth of this
£ Part, conﬁﬁing of Pears, Apples, Peaches, Plums, ﬁgs,
. Apricots, Cherries, SIC. is now comprehended in the
[ precedent Chapters of this Part, the Abridgers thinlo
E ing it molt convenient for good Order, and Method’s
: fake, to placeall the Fruits fucceﬂively; We proceed
: now to the ﬁxteenth Chapter.

H2 =CHAP

r.‘ :pm WM

84‘ The Complete Gard’ner.“ ‘ k 01 E
C H A P. XVI.

What good Conditions are reguired 1'2: eaeb Fruit; ’

Tree, to gaa/iﬁe .it to be ﬁnder: and preferv’d
rafome goadplace m a Fruit Garden.

[I R Garden being form’d, dunged, accommoé
0 dated, divided, and, in ﬁne, ready for Planting, '
and every Gentleman knowingwhat number of Trees-
he needs, according to the bignefs of his Garden, and
having alfo refolv’d upon the Choice of the Kinds,
and what proportion of each kind he is to plant, with
refpeét to the quality of his Grnuml, and to the feve-
tal Seafons of the Year -, it is now our buﬁnefs to chufe
fuch Stocks of Tree: as are fair, and fo well qualiﬁed
as to deferve to be planted, becaufe of the ho ful Pros
mifes they make us of anﬁzvering our Expe ations.

And here we ought to have to do with Gard’zzerr
that are in Reputation, to be knowing, exa&, and\
faithful , for otherwife we run a great Danger of being
groﬂy deceiv’d in the kinds of our Fruit, and efpecial-
ly of Peach-Trees, becaufe they all much refemble
one another, both in Leaf and Bark, excepting the
Tray Peaches, the forward or Avam Peaches, which are
dil’tinguiﬂied by fome more viﬁble differences: For
which reafon it is not advifable to take any Tree: of -
fufpicious or unknown Gard’nerr, or that are of ill Re—
pure, how cheap 21 Bargain loever they may offer
them; fuch an Error as that being of two great a
Confequence to be ventur’d on at what rate foever.

Tree-Stock: then are to be chofen, either whilﬂ they
are yet growing in the Nmfwy Gardens, or after they
are pull’d up, and brought from thence: In both
cafes we muﬂ conlider ﬁrl the Figure of each Tree ;
Secondly, its Bignefs, or Thicknefs; Thirdly, in

what

Vol. l.’ The Complete 9ard'ner3 85
what manner they are fafhion’d and compofed, and
if they be already pull’d up, we mull take fpecial no.

tice or their Roots, and of the Bark; both of their
Bodies and Branches.

 

C H A P. XVII.

How to Cbzgﬁ: Trees a: they [land in the
Nutfery-Gardens.

P we chufe our Tree: in the Nmfwy Gardens, which ‘
’twere always to be wilhed we could, and that a-
bout the middle of September to mark out the Trees
we chufe and pretend to carry oﬂi Which cannot be
always done, lbecaufe of the too great diﬂance we are
fometimes from the places where the Choice Mnferz'es
are. Yet if we can go to the places, we mail only
ﬁx upon thofe that have {hot vigorouﬂy that year,
and that appear found, both in their Leave: and at the
end of their young Shoots, and by their fmooth and
lhining Bark; to that if any Tree: have no Shoot: of
that year’s growth, but what are very feeble, or per-
haps have none at all; if any before the Seafon, or
the fall of the Leaf, have all their Leaver leller, and
more {larving than they fhould he, and the extremity
of their young Shoot: black and mortiﬁed, or their
Bark rough and wrinkled, and full of Mofs ; and if
Pearr, Apple:, or Plum-Tree: be Canker’d, if they be
Stone-Fruit, and are found to have Gum either about
their Body or Roots, all thefe are fo many Marks of
thofe which are to rejeét.

As to the manner how Tree: {hould be faihion’d ;
that is for all forts of Dwarfs, or WallLTrcer, it is
better they {hould be l’ttaight, conﬁl’ting only of one
Stem, and one Graﬁ, than to be compos’d of
two or three Grafts, or feveral Branch“. The new

Shoots that will {hoot out, round about» the {ingle bo-

H3 dy

 

munx>‘x,~l“t' v

   

86 '17»! Complete 6mm"! ‘ 3(le
dy of the Tree, when Knit and new planted, being
more ﬁt and plyable to be turn’d as we'would have-
them to make a fair Tree, than if they conﬁﬂed of two
Stick: or Branches; becaufe we cannot be aﬂ‘ur’d from
what part of thofe old Branches, of the new— lanted
Tree, the neW'Sbeots will fprout, and ‘be‘ca'u‘ e com-
monly they grow fo confufedly and interwoven one
among another, that we are forc’d to cut them quite j
away, which is time loft, b0th for the Advancement
of the Beauty of it, and of its producing Fruit.

Thefe Trees ought to have good Eye: or Buds,
which may promife good Branches; and efpecially in
Peach-Trees; f0 that we mull never take thofe whofe
Eye: are feemingl y put out -, becaufe it’s very rare that
any iﬂue does proceed from fuch: Likewife if there be
Grafts or Inocculetiom, it will be beﬁ to take away the
weakefi, and to preferve that which is ﬂrongei’t and
bell plac’d.

As for Standards, which are planted in the ﬁlll 07

en Air, they require no regular exaEinefs in their

geautv, and therefore may be planted with Iome
Branches about their tops, which may be Ihortned
when they are planted. ‘

 

C H A P. XIX.
How to prqmre a Tree for Planting.

Here are two things to be prepar’d in planting
of a Tree, viz. T he Head and the Root.

As to the Head, there is but little myﬁery in or.
dering that, either in Standard or DwarfTrees-g it
being needful only to remember thcie two Points.

fir/i, As we prejudice a Tree when we pluck it up,
by weakuing it thereby, and abating its vigour and

‘ “ aﬁlivity

 

 

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fEaEtivity for fome time 5 IO we mull therefore disbur-
nthen its Head, proportionable to the ﬂrength and avail-
Jivity we take from it by recovering it to a new place
nand retrenching fome of its Roots. ’
. - Secondly, We mull be mindful to leave its Body no
gf'nighet than is Convenient for the ufe the Tree is de-
glign’d for : Some being to produce their Effeec very
rdow, as Dwarfs and Wall-Trees, which muﬁ be kept
npretty fhort -, and others to produce theirs very high,
as Standards, which therefore mull be left of a fuita~
'lble heighth.

As to the Roots, cut ‘off all the Fibres, as near as you
scan to the place from which they fprung -, unlels
it be a Tree that is to be planted again the very mo.
nment it is pluckt up, without leaving it the leaft time
ﬁlm may be out of the Ground; otherwife the Air
turns all the young Roots or Fibre: black, and confe.
pquently Ipoils them. But this can never be done,
{except we pull a Tree up, and plant it again in ano.
lfther place in the fame Garden. And for the better
nprefervation of it, we may take along with the Root
Home of, its former Mould that hangs next about it;
making care in planting it, to place and fpread out well .
1’: that hairy or ﬁbrous part. ‘

As to thofe that have been taken up fome time,
ithe Fibres being all taken away, we fhall be the better \
sable to fee the bad ones, to take them quite off 5 and
I to difcetn the good ones ‘to fave them, and to regulate '
r the cutting them their exaél length -, andwhen we
i ﬁnd the Roots of any Tree 3 little or ought too‘ much
: dryed, they may be ﬂeeped feven hours in water be-

: fore they are planted.

In fpeaking of good and bad Rootr, it may be
thought, that the meaning of thefe is only fuch as
are broken, or unbarked , rotten, or dry : But yet
there is fomething of Igreater: Confequence, which

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is, that every Nurfery T m lhoots out fornetimes
either all good Roots, or bad ones, or both good" ones
and bad ones at the fame time -, which comes to pafs
as follows. .

A Tree planted with the preparations recommended,
if it takes, muﬁ Shoot forth new ones, or elfe it dies -,
all its old Roots being of no lervice to it : And of thofe
new. ones form: are fair and thick, and fame are feeble
and-linen: but of thefe Root: we are Only to elieem
thofe which are frelh and new, and well plac’d.

All thefe young ones are to be kept fhort, pro or:
tionable to their length; the longeﬂ: in Dwarff of
what bignefs foever it be, which is commonly not
very big, never exceeding above eight or nine Inches 5
not much above a foot in Standards. We may leave
a great length to the Root: of Mulberries and AL
mom]: 5 becaufe thofe of the ﬁrﬂ are very lhort, and
thofe of the fecond dry and hard, and therefore will
be in danger of perilhjng if they be cut to lhort.

After we have ﬁxed the len th of our biggeﬁ Roots,
the length of two, three or gut-“Inches will ferve for
the leller and feeble ones, proportionably to the big-
nefs of each, the leal’t always to be the lhortel’t -, for
this is to be done contrary t0 the method ofpmniizg
Branches. '

One tingle rank orl’tory of Roots is enough 5 and
two or three good Roots, when they are well placid
round the foor of the Tree, are better than twenty
midling oneS.

  
 

 

vi”.

e“: ‘~ CHAR

yo], I.‘ The Complete Gard’neii ' 39
cunnxx ‘

When and how to plant Trees, when ready ﬁtted and
prepared for it. ’

F T the,Seafon for planting, which is commonly
’ from the end of Odaber to the middle of March;
in order to plant, we mull always chufe dry’a’nd mild
weather, without any regard to the age Of the Moon ;
rainy weather being apt to reduce the Mould to a
Mortallike conﬁl’tence, which caulés it not to fettle
fo well about the Roots, leaving fome hollo'wnefs be.
tween the Earth and fome parts of the Roots.

And though all thefe Months are equally ﬁt for
planting, To that it may feem the Iooner it be done
the better 3 yet as it is bell to pleat in alight Soil pre~
fently after Michaelmar, fo it is fafel’t in a cold moiﬂ:
Soil to plant at the end of February, becaufe the Tree:
in thefe lall can do nothing all the Winter, and may
more likely be fpoil’d there, than be able to preferve
themfelves 5 whereas in lighter Grounds they may be-
gin even at that very fame Autumn to (boot out fome
imall Roots; which is a gteat advancement to them
the following Spring.

Having opened the holes, and laid every Tree to its

place, we mull take care to link our Tree: about half

afoor, that is, the extremity of the lowel’t Root of the
_ Tree is to bebut half a foot deep in the Earth, hecaufe
the Ground will link at leaﬂ half a foot, and it is bet»

ter to plant too high than too low. At the end of _

foine Months the Tree: will be funk to the depth of
about a foot into the Earth, which is the juﬁeﬂ mea-
iirre we can aﬂign them in that refpeél. Tree: plan-

ted deeper almoﬂ always dying in a few years, .,
We mull likewile be mindful to turn their princi‘
pal Roots as much as may be to the good Soil, And
tho’

9,0 The Complete Gard'ne‘r3 Vol.1."
tho’ all Tree: deﬁgn’d for Dwarfs ought to Rand up.
tight upon their feet after-they are planted ; yet if the
Difpoﬁtion of their Root: naturally incline to fpread
round, and: require that the Tree (hould be a little
ﬁooping, to give that good Situation to its Root: which
they ought to have, it mull be allow’d.

If we are to plant Tree: along by the ﬁde of a
Walk or an Alley: We muﬂ take care to avoid tur-
ning the principal Roars towards the Alley: as alfo in
planting ofWall-Tree: to have the like care in place-
ing the Roars, not that any of them may {pend their
LVigour in vain againﬂ the Walls.

Standard Tree: mull be planted a little deeper than
others ; that is, about a ﬁrll foor deep in the Ground;
“ and whereas trampling is not good over fmall Tree:
to make them {ink too deep, fo it may be requir’d to
prefs the Ground againli the feet of thefe Standards,
to fallen them, and make them the ﬁrmer to reﬁll the
violence of the Winds. '

After the Planting of every Tree, if you have the con-
veniency of a Dung-hill, it will be of very good ufe to
put a bed of three Inches thick of Deng over every Tree,
andcover it over at the fame time with a little Mould,
to hide it from being feen, it being no handfome ﬁght.

This bed of Dung is not f0 much to improve the
Ground, which we fuppofe may be already prepar’d, as
to hinder the burning heat ofthe Months of April,
May, and ﬁrm, from penetrating to their Roars.

But if Dung cannot be had, we may content our
{elves for thofe ﬁrﬁ dangerous Months to cover the
feet of our Tree: with a bed of Green Weeds, Fern,
€92. hindring any thing from growing there that
may fhade or cloud the young Shoot: -, and if it be a
great Draught, as it often happens, a Pitcher of
Water may be given to the Root of each Tree every ﬁﬁ
teen davs, during the three or {our hot Months,
making ~titl’t 3. Circular Trench round the Tree, that

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the Water may-piercevguitedown to theRam- of the

ater is all imbib’d, ﬁlrup the
Trench again, as it was before, with the rail of ‘ the

1" Ground; but if the Seafon proves rainy, there water-

" ings will am he neceﬂary.

 

CHAP. X3521.

How to order Trees planted for Referees, in Oﬁer
Cafes or Baskets. ‘ ~

,Ecaufe fome Tree: may happen to die, and yet as

far as ’tis pollible 1t rs to be delired our Planta.

tion fhould be completed the very ﬁrl’t Year, there.
fore it will be requiﬁte to prepare a greater number of
Trees than we have a€tually need of, that we may al.

: ways have fome as ‘twere in a Body of Referve for

that purpofe, as we are ﬁlling up our Plantations to

"- plant fome fupernumerary Tree: of every kind in Oﬁer

Cafe: or Ba rkets, but more of Stone than of Kernel-

' Fruit, becaufe the former molt commonly are in grea-

ter hazard of dying than the others.
Accordingly we mul’t chufe fome good lhady place

. in our Garden to plant thefe Tree: in Barkers, well tick-

etted, or at leal’t fet down carefully in our Book, ac-
cording to the order both of their Ran/cs, and of the re-
fpeétive places allotted to them in thofe Ranks; that
we may have recourfe to them, if any Tree lhould
happen to dye, or languilh in its place; being deﬁ-
rous, ifit he poﬂible, to have our Plantation ﬁnilh’d

and completed according to our ﬁrﬁ modelling of it.
In order to which, we lhould keep a leaning Po-
ﬂur‘e in the Refervatory Baskets that are deﬁgn’d for
the Wall, and in a {height and upright Polture in the
faid Bar/cm for thofe that are intended for Dwarfs,
So that when we have occafxon for either of them,
we

'9": The Complete Gard'neri . Vol. II

we may the more commodiouﬂy remove and place :
them, Basket and all, {'0 as the Tree may be every whit :
as well ﬁtuated, as if it had been ﬁrit planted there.

This Tranfporting of Referrals-Trees may be done ;
=‘till Midfummer; but before their Removal, we new ‘
water thofe Trees we deiign to tranfport, which pro- ‘
bably will be the' fairefi we have, moving the Earth
away neatly round about the Basket, for fear of break-
ing their Roots; in cafe they have {hot any beyond the
compafs of their Basket. We mui’t chufe rainy Wea-
ther to do it in, or at leafi mild and temperate Wea-
ther; and a time when the Sun is low, or a little af-
ter he is fer, or a little before he rifes: We mull
likewife be very careful not to {bake the Tree in re-
moving it, for fear of loofening it, which is very
pernicious and often mortal.

When in removing of thefe Trees we perceive any
of the Roots to be {truck thro’ the Baskets, we muﬁ in
placing it be very careful to preferve the Points of
thofe new Roots, place them well, and fupport them
with good Mould, cover them immediately, and ram
the Earth clofe againﬂ the Basket, and then water the
Ground plentifully round the Basket, to make the Eartb
next to it cleave the clofer againft the Basket, f0 as
there may remain no hollownefs between.

On thofe Days when the Sun fhines hot, we mui’t
cover the Head of the Tree with Straw Skreens, ’till
fuch time as it begins to fprout, and then we may be-
gin to take them of? at night ; but this laﬂ Precaution
is not neceirary, but when we fee any new Roots fprout
out of the Baskets, or when the Tree has been {haken
and loofen’d. We muff take great care not to ex-
pofe any of the new Roots to the Air, otherwife they
will prefently grow black and die.

The Bignefs of the Bar/cats mni’t he in proportion
to the Roots of the Trees, that about three Inches
diiiance may be between the Basin and the longeii

of

I‘m Vol.1; The Complete Gard’nerl 93

. of the Roots, in order to put good Mould therein.
The Basket: for Standard: muﬂ: be greater than for

' Dwarfs. and thofe for Dwarfs bigger than thofe for

‘ Walls 3
A little coi’c will put our Minds at cafe in this re;

A 1‘ 5.5}, and for want of that we lofe mu h '
.; gimme too. O. Tune and

‘Let us _now proceed to the Maker Work of Gard’é
mag; whlch is Prunmg. “

 

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'- V0 L. H: P A R I; "'I‘V‘.‘

 

CHAR L
Deﬁnition of the Pruning of Trees.

V R UN I N G is an Operation of Gard’ning for

three Things which are to be done yearly to Trees,

from betwixt the beginning of the [Main]? ofNovm.
bar to the end of March. .

Firﬁ, to take away all thofe Branches that are
nought, or might be prejudicial either to the Abun-
dance or Goodnefs of Fruit, as alfo to the Beauty of
the Tree.

Secondly, To pref/ewe all thofe that may be of good
me to thofe Trees. And,

Thirdly, Prudently to clip thofe that are found too
long, and not to cut any thing OPE thefe that have not

too much Length.
And

 

r‘ Vol.1; The Cwlete Gard’nei-I 95;

And all this in order to make «a. Tree lalling,to beau;
riﬂe it, and at~the fame time difpofe it icon to bear a
great deal of ﬁne and good Fruit. A .

By Branches that are nought, are meant thofe that
are of falﬂe Wood, thofe that are decay’d by having
yielded much Fruit, and thofe that are too ﬁnal], or
have no difpoﬁtion to produce either Wood or Fruit.

By Branches that may bevprejudicial either to the
Beauty of the Tree, Abundance or Goodnefs of the
Fruit; are meant, fuch as caufe a Confuﬁon, or {ha-
dow the Fruit, as' well as thofe that take part of the
Sap of the Tree, when its overocharg’d with Wood
compar’d to it’s Vigour.

By Branches that may be of good ufe, “are meant:
ﬂmﬁmnmﬁmwmwmﬂ,wmmmm
contribute to the Beautiful Figure of the Tree, and ina
fallibly to produce Fruit.

By Branches that are too long, are meant ,fuch as ex:
~ ceed nine or ten Inches in length, and f0 conféquently
want to be ihortned , men are all the thick Branches
which we call Branches for Wood 5 and fome the
fmall ones, which we call Branches for Fruit.

By Branches that have” nor too much length, are
meant certain little Branches, which being (of a mo-
.-. derate thicknefs, have Buds at the ends of them, or
. are in a difpoﬁtion of having fame the following Year,
, and yetare ﬁrong enough to bear the Fruits they are
to produce without breaking.

This f0 material diﬁinecion in point of Branches,
‘ {hall be more particularly explain’d in the Chapters

that treat of the manner of Pruning.

CHAP

4.3735, 1-: W195?" :.»~, _ =\'\' a»!
, 3 t’ s

96 The Complete 6412152 '. I vol. I.‘

, C HAP. II, and III. ’
0f the Ree/om, and Time of Pruning.

   

T H E Reafons for which Prunir‘zg is us‘d are two;
the hrﬂ and cheif is, the fpeedy getting of a-
bundance of ﬁne and good Fruit: The fecond informs
us that Pruning ferves to make Tree: in all Seafons ap-
pear more agreeable to light, than they would do if
they were not run’d.

The Satisfa ion of this lal’t Point depends wholly
upon the well underﬂanding, and well pro ortioning
the Figare which a skilful hand is capable 0 giving to
each Tree: And as to the abundance of ﬁne and good
Fruit, it depends, Firl’t, upon the knowledge the
Gerd’ner is to have of every Branch in particular, to
know thofe that are good from thofe that are not.

Secondly, It depends upon the judicious DiﬁinE’tion
which is to be made among the Branches, wholly to
take out all thofe that are bad or ufelefs, and careful-
ly to preferve all the good ones.

It’s very good to prune at the end of February, and
at the beginning of March; tho’ one may begin to

run: as {con as the Leave: are fallen off the Trees, at
the end of Oﬁober, or at leaﬁ about the middle of
November, which may be continued afterwards for
"the whole Winter, And having commonly three forts
of Trees to prune, one too weak, the other tOO vigo-
rous, and the others that are in as good cafe as can
be deﬁred, it will be proper to prune fome fooner,
and Others later; for the weaker and more languifh-
inga Tree is, the fooner it ought to be prun’d, to eafe
it of thofe Branches that are noifom and ufeleis : So
likewife the more vigorous a Tree is, the longer the
pruning of it may be deferr’d. .
But it is not advifable to ﬂay-’till the end of Wm-

ter, "till February or March; becaufe that is the greaitt-
6

I 01. l; The Complete Gard’mr'. 537 '
Hi time of hurry, for all manner of Works relating
:o Gard’ning all comes at once, at the entrance of -
5pri‘ng, the Tilla e ofthe whole Garden, the fowing
ofmof’r Kitcbciz- [(172113 the buddingofjirficboc/cr, the
. making of diﬁerent Beds, the cleanﬁng of the Walks,
:To that it would he. a ﬁran’ge (TOnfuﬁon to have at the
«lame time. the mol’t conﬁderable of all Works to do 2
;t being the Only one in Which no fmall Faults can be
, :ommitted,
The Author hearfpeaks of extreme hard Froﬂs,
. fuch as have not been ﬁnce the Memory of Manj and
in thofe Seafons he prun’d his Pearly-Tree: before the
, great Cold came on, without ﬁnding the leal’t Incon’- '
. veniency by it. ‘ g g , _
, The proper times being regulated for Pruning, we
Ulhall now roceed farther. 7 ‘ y a
‘ The ourth Chapter treats of norhing material,
.‘ more than what’s fpoken of in the ﬁacond: There
7 ‘ fore we proceed to the ﬁfth}

   

 

C H A P. v.
0f the Idea of Beauty which Dwarfs regu‘ii’ e.

HE Beauty of Dwarfs cenﬁ'ﬁs in a low Stem,-
‘1 an open Head, free from thick Brancber in the
f middle, round in its Circumference, and equally fur;
'1 nifh’d with good Brzm'cbe: on the ﬁdes.
The heightof the Head of thefe’ Dam/fr depends
r on the Age of the Trees, being low in thofe that are
~ young and tiling, in all according as they grow, but
«not to exceed aboVe ﬁx or feVen Foot; it being bet;
wife! thofe Tree: fhould grow in extent of Circumfe-
ar'ence and Breadth, than to let them rife high: The
t'élile‘afure‘ of Sight, which dreads whatever limits
tit too much;- particularly in Gardens; beﬁdes the Perf
F: fecution’

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fecution of the Winds, which eaﬁly beats down tIrI:
F1741: of high-Trees, is a Rule to ﬁx to that Meafum

g)

 

CHAP. VI.

Of the Idea of Bcamy which Wall-Trees raga/ac, mg ,
Ibcr with the Maxim cf Palifadoing.

A S Fulnefs is the greateﬂ fault in Dwarf, fo
Thinnefs the greatelt Imperfeé‘tion in War.
Trees“. ,

But tho’ the Wall-Tract are to be full,it is not area;
that they fhould be full of ill Branches, old, worn
or ufelefs: So on the other hand in deﬁring t1:
Dwarfs to be open in the middle, they lhould not I
empty, like the inﬁde or a Glafs.

In the Beauty of Wall-Trees, ’tis very difagreeab‘.
to fee their Branches crolhng one another, whic=
mult be avoided as much as is poﬂible; but to cm;
the defeE’t IOl'Thinnneifs, it may be allowed to cro:
fome particular great Branches which are alone th
foundation of the Beauty of the Trcc, but not to cro:
one great Bramb OVer anorher, for that WOuId occai,
on Barrcaacji; but to crofs a great Branch over
ﬁnall one, or a fmall one over a great one, ﬁnce th'
ﬁnall onesare fup‘pos’d to be thoi'e for hearing Fruit:
and therefore when they have yielded their Frui:
they are look’d upon but as worn our Branches; hi
which means the deleﬁi of Crofﬁng may be remedies:

CHAR

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Cougar: Gard’ner.‘ " 1
c H A 'P. VII.
0] Branches in General.

Ightly to underﬁand Brambn, Five material
R things mutt be obferv’d. '

Fir/i, They compofe a conﬁderable part of the Tree,
they fprout out of two parts of it, Iome fhoor di-
reEily out of the main Bod/v, which are the ﬁrl’t, and
may be called Elders, or Mothers, their Number is
but few. And the other afterwards are produced by
them; The Number of the MB: are inﬁnite, for fuc-
cefﬁevly in their turns they became eVery One Mother '
Branch: to many Others. - \

Secondly, From the Body of every Emmi), when the'
Tree is in a good cafe, there yearly grows new ones
on the Extremities of it, more or lefs according to the
ﬁrength or weaknefs of that Brand), which is call’d
a Mother Branch in Relation to the new ones it pro-
duceth. .

Tbirclz’y, Obferve that thefe new Brambe: grow in
two different manners , the one in a Regular Order,
which is the beﬁ, molt common, and molt frequent ;
the orher in an Irregular Order,which is the leait com-
mon, and leaﬁ frequent.

That order which is molt common, and belt for
the ProduEtion of the new Branches, when they pro- ,
duce more than one, is that tho’ both the one and
the other at the fame time i‘ﬂ‘ue from the extremities
of one that is more ancient, whether prmfd or nor,
they are notwithf’tanding regularly all of a different
thicknefs and length.

For every one of the higheﬁ, are both thicker and
. longer than thofe that are immediatly under them,
drawing nearer to the body -, that is when it produces
more than one, for when the Mother Branches bring,
: forth but one, the Drmgbfer or its produélrion at [5:

. 2 8

i

   

\ - , "‘Wewew «gi
’ too : The Completelgard'ner. Vol. LL
i end of‘Summer proves asl'arge as the Mot/yer, and is ,
* very good 3 when the Mother yields two, that which: .
is grown from the extremity which is call’d the ﬁti’c,
or higheﬁ, is thicker and longer than that which is»
immediately beneath it, which is call’d the Sew/2.1 or
lower. In the fame manner, when the Mother branch
produces three, four, ﬁve, €92. As the ﬁrfl, that is :
the higheﬂ, is thicker and longer than the fecond , ft)
the fecond in the fame manner exceeds the third 5 the
third the fourth, and {0 by the Degrees, what ever
quantity of new Branch“ the Motber brambmay pro-
duce, as it appears by the Figures.

This being granted, ’tis eaﬁe to judge, that the
Order which is leaﬁ common, and worl’t in the .pro-
duéiion of new Bram/m, is, when the common order
is inverted. So that there are Wed/c one: in the place
Where there ought to be Thick 0776:, and on the cone
trary there are Large one: where they ought to be
Wad/c, and whereas perhaps there ought to be none 3
as it appears by the Figure of'Bm/zcbw‘mark’d with
a at

 

Fozzrtlih', It is requiﬁte to know, that as that great-
, er or fmaller Number ol‘Bra/zcbe: depends upon the
force or weaknels of the .Motbc’r-Izl'alzcb, it will be ﬁt
to call thofe Strong which are Tbic/e, and to call thofe-
Wax/é that are Small.
Pifchy, This is the molt Material point; that a-
' mong all the anm‘be'r, whether litong'or weak, there
are iome which have the real Charaﬂer of Good, of
which a great many mull be Preferv’d ; there are like-
wiie fome which hate the real Character of Bad ones,
molt of which ought to be expell'd. Let us now
ohferve how to dillinguiﬂi the one certainly from the

other.
' C H A P.

 

 

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‘ ‘ Vol; I.

CH A P. VIII.
To know the diﬂereme of good and ill Brancheg

HE mark of Good Branches requires that the Eye:
T in the whole extent {hould be thick, well fed,
and tery clofe one to another , whereas the mark of
the burl arm, is, that in the lower part of the Brailcbc’:
their Eyes are ﬂat, ill fed, and hardly form’d, and
very diﬁant the one from the Other; as you will fee
by the Figure A B in which the ill ones are marked *.

There are likewife fmall weak Erancber, which are
term’d as bad ones, which are fometimes fo exceﬂive
weak, that like faplefs Brmzcbcr, they are incapable of
bearing Fruit, or at leal’t of nouriihing and ihﬂaining
the weight of their Fruit, they mull be wholly taken
off our Fruit-Treat, and efpecially from the Dwarfs,
for which Branch“ there is no occaﬁon, for to do well
we muﬁ fuffer’ nothing there that is not Good. 1 '

The good weak Branches are thofe, which being well
plac’d, and of a mean thicknefs and length, are pro-r
per and certain Inﬂruments to produce fpeedily, beau-
tiful, and good Fruit, provided the Frolis fpoil no- .
thing, either while they are in B/qlfozrz, or foon after .
they are knit, for fuch Branches feldom fail of produ-
cing BlolTomhuds, and cannot ferve to any Other end
but yielding Fruit, unlefs they happen to have certain
over-ﬂowings of Sap, to thicken them in an extraordi-
nary manner, and convert them into Bl'zmcbcr for
wood, which happens fometimes in all manner of
Trees, particularly to fuch as have been ill pran’d.

The good ﬁrong Branches, of which the principal
ufe is, ﬁrl’t to begin, and then to continue to give
the Tree: a proper Figure, are particularly imploy’d in
producing yearly On their extremities other good

9 new

 

W’WW ‘ WW »

 

to: , The Complete (jard'ner. Vol. I.
new Branches, fome ﬂrong, and others weak, as
appears by the Figure. As,

To that end it is very material to preferve the good
weak ones for Fruit -, it is likewife very neceii‘ary
to manage rudently the ﬁrong ones, to which purpofe
it is requ rte to prefetve on the extremities of every
old Branch, fome of thofe new ﬁrong ones that are
grown there 3 but that commonly extends to thofe a
{mall number, as to one only , but fometimes the
Mother—Branch being extremely vigorous it may ex-
5 I tend two or three.

* , There is cheiﬂy a greatdeal of Skill requir’d to take

   

 

{it away intirely all the ufelefs Branches, whether it be
‘ became they are worn or fpent, or becaufe they have no
good quallncations: And the fame, concerning that

theft: are to be perfetv’d, to know how to regulate
their length proportionable to their force, and vigour
of the whole Tree , {0. that afterwards, every one of
them may be able to produce on its extremity, juﬂ: as
many good Breeches as are rzeceﬂary either for the
Fruit, or for the perfeé‘ting the beauty of the Tree, or
for perferving it when it is eltablilht: And this is
what we call pruning.

CHAP. IX.

t_. w -
L'

Of the explanation of the Words Strong and
Strength, Weak and Weaknefs.

N {peaking ofﬂrcwg Branches andﬂrong Reotr, are
meant more that are thick -,and likewil'e {peaking

or week Branches, are meant thofe that are [mall
Moreover in fpeaking of a ﬂrorzg Tree‘is meant 2
trig 0mm T wee, and in fpeakingof‘ a coca/t Tree, is meani
a 'Iazrgzci/hizzg Tree, that is, a Tree that yeilds but very
few- Shmr and for the molt part are all fmall. Th
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rVol. I. a The Complete Gard‘ner. 4 We; ;

The Tenth Chapter is Only of _ the Tao]: that are
necelTary for Pruning, and the manner of ufing them 5
and therefore may be omitted. ,

 

,___

CHAP. XI.

0f the warmer of pruning Trees, in the ﬁrﬂ Tear
' of their being Planted. '

Fruit—Tree, of what kind foever, Paar, Apple

Plumb, Peach, EEC. which feem’d to promile
allthe good Qualiﬁcations requir"d in order to be
«planted, and has been planted with all the Skill and
Conﬁderation which we have heretofore explain’d; this
FraiLTrae, from the Month of March, until the
Months of Sfcgo’tc’mber and Caleb” following, will ne-
ceiTarily per orm one of‘thefe four things: Either it
will nor (hoot at all, or little, or it will fhoor reafo-
, nably, that is, one ﬁne Branch, or elfe it will ihoor
much, that is, two or three ﬁne Branches, and perhaps
more, as it appears by the Figures. We mutt exaitly
explain what is to be done in thefe four particulars.

 

. ~—w

CHAP. XII, XIrt, XIV. XV.

0f the pruning of a Traa that ha: been planted one
Tear.

rﬂ. ‘ F it has n0t fprouted at all, perhaps it may
I be dead, tho it does not feem to be fo, by
reafon of fome Greennefs whichdiﬁsovers it felf in cut-
ting with the Knife, for it may feem alive at the
Head, and yet be dead at the Root; however part of
the Head may be dead, and the Root living; which is
the principal of Life 5 but when it is perfeé’cly dead,
4 there

 

 

24;

$04 The Complete Gard’ner; V01. 1,

there appears a Drinefs or Blacknefs about the Graﬁ". ,
, Such a . m muf’t be'removed when yOu ﬁnd it to be
dead, and another put in its Room, at the ﬁrfi lhoWet
of Rain, provided it be not after the Month of Ma)",
”or-beginning ofﬂine, after which time it will not He
fafe to plant, ’till the return of the Seafon. For this
deﬁgn you {hould haVe Traes‘al’ways in Baskets. In
the mean time let us examine how this Tree happen’d
to" dye, that we may prevent it for the future.‘ '

' If by violent Preﬁs‘, to cover the Foot in the Win-
ter, as is heretofore explain’d in the Treatife of Plan-
tations.

1 - If b Heat in Summer, to cover it with {hort Grafs,
gre'en eeds, 59’“. ' ’
" If for want of Water, the new one mull be well
water’d. ’ " ‘ ,

" 'Iffor want ofgood Mould, put the freﬂr Mould there.

If by being {haken or loofen’d at the hill fprout.
“ ing, by waggiih PeOple, to fet'zi‘r'mce about it.

' If by being planted too low in moil’t Ground, plant
the Other higher, and raife'the Ground to it. '

ll from being {haded with large Trees, or by their
Root: exhaul’tin all the goodnefs of the Earlb, thefe
large Trees mu be removed -, “and the worn out Earth
taken away and freih put in, without thinking to bet-
ter it with Dung. ,

' If Moles’ have fhaken them, or Worms have gnawn
them, they muf’t be leok’d for, and deﬂroyed.

« 2‘ If the Stem appears to’be green, and the Root Hill
“alive, there may be fome hopes, but not to recom-
‘ pence Our Culture; therefore it may be order°d as
5‘ a-dead' Tree,‘ it being a great'hazard Whether ever it
‘ will complete our delire.’ ' .

247/}. If this Tree {hoots weak, ﬁnall, and yellowrih
Branches, and fometimes accompanied'with fome Frmt-
but]; 3 and after have examined the Roots ﬁnd {om}

   

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S
i
F4

.a‘ ' ' " ,4 '

'Vol». 1. Tee Complete Gard’ner.‘ r 0;
them defeﬁive, it’s no more ,valuable than the for-
mer. ~

gdly. If it has produced one ﬁne Branch, fuﬂici—
_ent1y thick, attended with fome weak ones, we are

. to conﬁder three things.

' Whether it has {hot from the extremity of the Stem
from the middle, or from the lower part.

If from the extremity, (horten the Stem of that
Tree'an Inch or two. ,

Thus in loﬁng the Pleafute of a Year, we avoid a

the diﬂ'atisfaé’tion of havin a Tree too high in the
Stem, and confequently it a ords us a ﬁne Figure;

But if this ﬁne Brancb has [her from the middle of
the Stem, cut the Stern, to that Branch, and {horten
that Branch to four or ﬁve Eyes, it being certain
”twill produce in the fecond Year, at leal’t two ﬁne
Branches oppofite to each Other; but this care muﬂ be
taken to nail that Branch u right.

If this Brencb has {hot gem the lower part of the
Stem, ‘it’s Very well plac’d, provided care be taken to
keep it uptight, which if it is nor, the Tree grows
awry, and never makes a beautiful Figure.

' This‘Brancb being cut at the fame length which the
Stern of the Tree was left at, undoubtedly it will pro-
duce ﬁne Branches, towards the attaining of a beauti-
‘ful Figure. ” ' ' .

, 4119/}. When this Tree has produced two ﬁne Bran-

‘ cbes, or three Or four, or more, with fome week ones

among them; it engages us to thefe'Conﬁderations.

1. T 0 know whether that number of Branches be
produc’d to our likeing, that is, whether they grow
round about fome" part of the Stem, Whether at the
top, in the middle, or in the lower part.

2. To know whether all thofe Branches are grown
on one ﬁde, all above one anorher; or whether in
degrees, at a great dil’tance one from another, tho’
round about the Stern, or if they are all grown from
' ' ’ - one

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‘ 106
‘ one and the fame Eye, and likewife Whether it be on

 

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{a l .

, ”The omplete-Gard’ner. _ Vol.
the top, middle, or lower part of the Stem.
, Led/y, To know whether all thofe Brambm of them‘
felves are difpos’cl to open and fpread, or all of them’
to keep clofe together in a confufed manner.

Thefe are almolt all the different ways in which
the ﬁrlt Shoot: of every Tree new planted do from
themlelves, when it llrikes Root.

In deﬁring ofﬁne and good Trent, the great Bran-
ches are only to be prefetv’d in this tefpeEt, as the
only ones that can ferve for the ﬁtll Foundation, in
cafe they be well plac’d.

 

C HAP. XVI.

0 the ﬁr pruninor of a Tree that Im- praduc‘d two
{ﬁne Brfnches, aid [201]) well plac’d.

H E N a Tree new planted has vigorouﬂy

. ‘ ' produc’d more than one ﬁne Brand), with
fome weak ones among them: if it has on the top
ofthe Stem two almolt equally llrong, and well plac’d,
one on one ﬁde, and anorher on the other, norhing can
hardly be deﬁred better? the only thing is to fhorten
them all equally within the compals of ﬁve or fix
Inches in length: But‘ above all, you mull take care

\ that the two laﬂ Eye: of the extremity of each of

thofe Branches lb lhortnetl, look on the right and on
the left, upon the two bate ﬁdes, to the end that
each of them producing at lealt two new ones, tl‘ )fe
four may be f0 well plac'tl that they may be allpre—
ferv’d -, And in order to that, il'it be a Dwarf, they
mull all contribute to form the thin round which we
deﬁle; and if it be a Wall-tree, to form the flat, and
full round, which we likewife deﬁgu.

It would be ill Priming, if thele two lal’t Eyes lookt
ﬁlEhCLQOH the inﬁde of the Deer/12f to ﬁll it up, or on

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Vol. I. 13:: Complete Gard’nerp I 07
the outﬁde to open it too much, it being requifite well
to eﬁablifh. the firﬂ Beauty of the ﬁgure of that Tree,
which is to open in a round equally garniﬂfd: So,
likewife in Wall—Trees the pruning would not be well
perform’d, unlefs it were order’d f0 that the two Eyes
, on the extremities of the two Brambles that are to be
fhortned, lhould {hoot upon oppcﬁte ﬁdes the new
Bram/Jo’s they are able to produce; for it’s neceiTary
that thofe very Brooches {hould have of themfelves,
and without the lcaﬁ Violence, a natural difpoﬁtion
to place themfelves well upon thofe parts of the Wall
that we would cover;
one of thofe two Branches has any advantage in
Thicknefs over the Other, fo that in probability the
one may produce two other thick ones, while the o— .
ther can yield but one, care mull be taken, that as
well the two of the thickel’t, as the ﬁngle one of that
which is not fo thick, may come forth f0, that all three
together may be preferv’d, as ﬁt and neceflary for '
the compoﬁng of the beautiful Figure; Otherwife if
there lhould be a neceﬂity of removing fome, being
ill-favouredly grown, it would be a ofs.
a Fruit Bromb {hould chance to be ioin’d with
the two Wood Brooches, it may be preferv‘d.

 

 

C H A P. XVII.

szbe ﬁrﬂ pruning of a Tree that has only pro-
duc’rl two Branches, [90th booing/211 and thick, yet
both ill ploc’d. ' ’

Fone of thefe ﬁne Branches whichthis Tree has pro-
duc’d be conﬁderably lower than the Other, ~“- or
perhaps both on one Tide, or it may be one on one
1de on the top of the Extremity, and the other quite
at the bottom of the oppoﬁte ﬁde, you muﬁ prel'erve
but one, the ﬁtteﬁ to begin a ﬁne Figure, cutting off
the

4.. I,

- :aﬁivewﬁ

in «can? tywyygwggwgw ‘

. , v v}
108 The Complete 94rd ner. Vol. I. if
the other ('0 clof: that it may never be able to pro.
‘ duce any thick ones in the fame place 5 it Being cet». t
rain, that if b0th were prefetv’d, it could never form‘ ,;
a Tree of any agreeable Figure.

’ If the lower Branch be equally good, or better than l'
that above, it will be molt proper to law the lower- .t
molt, being ﬁttell to contribute to the Beauty of the
Tree. ,

 

 

C H A P. XVIII.

Of a Tree which but prod/(8d three or four ﬁne well ‘
lac’d Branches, or elfe three or four ill 0226:, and '
and tbofe all on (be L’JUleIZlI}, or a little [157154171

proper place at ﬁrll to form a ﬁne Tree, they mull:
be prun’d with all the lime regards we have explain’d,
for the Przmizg of the two ﬁrﬂ which were by them-
felves. If thele three or {our Branches be all of an e-
qual. thicknefs, they mull be all us’d alike. If one
or two of them be {omewhat leis in thicknefs, but ﬂill
ﬁt to be Woodvbrtmrlm, or at leall half'wood, and cas
pable of contributing to the Figure, thofe mul’t only
be ptun’d with a profpetl of getting one only new ~
Brand? from them, taking care to have it on that ﬁde
that {hall he found molt empty -, and to that end they
mull be lhortened roan Eye that looks on that ﬁde, and .
care mull be taken that the two Iaﬁ Eyes of the others
which are ﬁronger‘ may look towards the two oppo-
ﬁre ﬁdes, in order to begin to ﬁll them up the more.
If thofe three or four ﬁne Branches thOt out a lit-
tle below the. Extremity, ’tis but {hortning the Stem -

t to them. .
' When i

1!
IF they are on the Extremity of the Stem, and in a

, jmﬁAW’w'W‘l' 7v 1

3 Vol. 1. The Complete Gard’n'er‘.‘ 109

When the Brarzch‘e: that are produc’d are mail" of
'. them ill ones, and cannor all conduce towards the for-
ming a ﬁne Tree, nor cannot‘all be perferved, exa-
mine whether among the three or four, there are not
at leal’t two pretty well fci-tuated, the one on one ﬁde,
and the Other on the Other, and whether they are not.
too far dil’tant to frame fome Foundation for your Fi-
gure, and that being to, theft: may very well anfwer
the cutting off the Others; the two that are prefervid‘,
mul’t be Prmz’d with the fame —regard heretofore ex-'
plain’d for the Priming of the two ﬁne Branches.

Care mull be taken, that thofe two being Prem’d,
may be found afterwards of an equal heighth, though
of a different length, to the end that thofe that may
fhoht from them may begin our Figure happily.

Goozl weak Branches mull be carefully perferv’d for
Fruit, only lhortning them a little on the extremity,
when they appear too weak for their length, not fail~
ing to take away all the faplefs Branches.

   

——

CH AP. XIX.

0f the Pruning 0 Trees that have produc’tl
the number 0, ve, fix, or few): ﬁne
Branches.

F our Tree has produced the number of \ﬁve, or
ﬁx, or feven ﬁne Branches, or more, it will be
uﬁicient to prefetve three or four of thofe that a
skillful Gard’m’r (ha-ll think ﬁt, both by their fcituatiOn
and ﬁrength, to be the limit for our Deﬁgn; this be-
ing f0, we mul’t wholly cut of? all the others, if they
happen to be higher than thofe that are preierv’d,
efpecially if they be thick, for if they are weak, that
is ﬁt for Fruit—branches, they mui’t be preferv’d until
they have periorm’d what they are capable of doing.If

WWI..- f.., .z, w'Wy’W , , ,:. ,. «3 . ~ 4
1 I o The Complete Gard’ner.‘ Vol.1; ‘1,

If amon the thick ones there chance to be a great:
many ﬁnal? ones, perferve two or three ofthol'e than
are belt plac’d, breaking off the extremity of the long- .-
el’t ail ttle,and not medling with thofe that are naturally ‘
fhort; and coniequently you mu take away all thofe i
that may caufe a confuﬁon. ,‘

“ The twentieth Chapter, tho’ it be of the fecond ;
"‘ Years Pruning, is much to the fame eEeEt of that :
“ of the ﬁrf’t, which is fully treated on in the pre- -
“ ceding Chapter.

  

 

C H A P. XXL

0f the [wand Pruning of a Tree, that on tbeﬁrﬂ Raf '
bad produced two ﬁne Branches for Wood.

Here is little to be inferred in this Chapter,-
T only that a Tree, of the ﬁrl’t Years planting, ‘
having produced two thick Braﬂcbe: for Wood, and
one or two fmall ones for Fruit; if on the fecond Year,
the Sap has alter’d its Courfe from the thick Branches
to the {mall ones, then the fmall ones become Wood
Bra/15195:, by an unexpeé‘ced Sap they receiv’d.

In this cafe, the ProduEiions of thefe Branches muff,
be cut quite off into the Mother-Branch, which will
undoubtedly, the fecond Year, conduce to a beautiful
Figure. The Produé’cion of thefe thick Branches, that
{hot the .ﬁrlt, being us’d- as Fruit-Branches, by reafon
of the lefs abundance of Sap they receiv’d than what
Was promis’d.

_ “ The twenty fecond Chapter mentions nothing
“ material to be inferted.

CHAP

;- Tﬂv‘y -' unwogmmw'v-~ F. :vw my,»*1',emr',ly§'~"«;u'~

Complete Gard’ner; l I l

     

The

C H A P. XXIII.

Of the face/2d Pruning of a T ree, which heel reduced
the fir/f Tear fear ﬁne Branches of ‘ 00d, or
more. ‘

‘ V51"; III

I F a Tree from the [hit Years Pruning, has‘ﬁoduced
four ﬁne Branches, or more, ’tis certain it has a
great deal more Vigour than any of the reﬁ we have
mention’d, therefore it’s neceIIary fometimes to pre-
ferve fome Branches upon it, which at that, time are
no ways canducing to the Figure of the Tree, but to
ferve for a time to confume part of the Sap, which ‘ i
might be prejudical to the Breeches that are to yield
Fruit. Thele fuperﬂuous Brancber may be left long,
and prun’d without Confequence, {ince they are to be
wholly taken away, as foon as the Tree is formed, and
produces a reafonable quantity of Fruit. _

As for thofe that are efTential to the Beaury of the 7;;
Tree, freeze them all a little longer than thofe of the
preceding Trees, that is about two or three Eyer' at
molt, as well to avoid Confuﬁon, as to make an Ad-

'vantage of the Vigour of fuch a Tree, which, with-

out fuch a Precaution, would not yield Fruit in a long -
time 5 becaufe the great abundance of Sap might con- 2‘.
Vert into Branches all the Eye: that {hould have turn’d “
into Emit buds, had their nouriihment been more mos

derate.

Such a Tree, at the end of the fecond Year, appears -,
in a manner quite form’d, by means of all the new a
Branches, that every one of the old ones, being Pren’d,
have produc”d on their extremities; and among the
new ones, care muﬁ be taken to chufe thofe that con»
duce to the Beauty of the Figure,to Prune them again,

‘ partly of the fame length as thofe which had been
Prun’d for the ﬁrﬂ time; from which they proceed,

ens é

 

w-:,.v

; 273»:

n W:

N it: | The ContplethVGerJnef. V61!

endeavouring to diﬂing-uifh whether the Branch, that

has been prun’d, may at leali produce two, in order to’ -

preferve them both, if they are fit for our Deﬁgn, or
if one muff be quiet taken away, let it‘ Commonly be‘
the highel’r, for the lowell being prefervid, is ﬁttefi
for the Form, or to preferve the Beauty we look for,
and by that means not only the place that iscut {hall
be quickly covered again, but beﬁdes it will make no“
Wound upon theBram'hes that ihall be preferv’d, and
confequently the Tree will be thereby much Handfo-‘
met and Sounder.

But if the Vigour of thatTree be obferv‘d to con!
tinue, as it is very common, and even to augment vi-'

ﬁbly, in fuch a cafe confulion is to be fear’d, either in.

the Heart of a Dwarf, or in refpet‘t to a Wall-Tree, of
what kind foever, as Pears, App/es, Plumhs, Peaches,
Cherries, are. Therefore that fecond Pruning mutt be

erformid yet a little longer than the ﬁrﬂ, particular-

y if the Tree inclines to be clofe, and that length

muli be about a large Foot, or a little more, to em-
ploy that abundance oFSizp which we judge mul’t not
he relirain’d, nor contain’d ina fmall fpace.

, When from the fecond Pruning other good Bran—
ches {hall be grown, which {hall begin to open the
, Dwmfreafonably well, or to ﬁllfuﬂiciently our Wall-
Tree, efpecially the Tree beginning to yeild Fruit,
then we muﬂ: return to our ordinary way of Pruning,
of hit or {even Inches upon the molt vigorous Branches,
and four or ﬁve upon the moderate ones. ’

This great fury feldom fails ofdiminifhing at the
end of the ﬁrli ﬁveior ﬁx Years, if the Tree has been
well govern’d, and then all thofe little Branches which
wehave endeavour’d to procure in a great number at
the bottom, and have afterwards preferv’d with care,
begin to give us an ample Recompence for all our
Pains, and pretty often on fuch Occaﬁons we come
to Prune over again, here and there, fome of the old

Branches,-

r
.«l/ol. ll: The Coinplete‘ Gard’. ner. 1 13
Branches which the great vigour of the Tree had ob‘v
'ﬁg'd us to leaVe of an eittraordinary length, aiming
filill at extending, by way of overdue, on the (ides,
"there to employ ufefullythe vigour of that Tree, and
to pretCerve its agreeable Figure. ‘

In thofe vig‘orom Trees, We mull leave upon them,
without any ufe. fome Branches, wt Stump-wiﬁa, and
even fome thick ones, tho' of falfe Wood, in which,
:‘or lbme Years fpace, that furious Sap, of Wild! We
:have too much, may lofe it {elf in vain, wh'ch other-
‘wife might dilbrder fame of our principal Parts, and
even, if upon thofe Parts of Tree: any Bram/m offalfe
“food he found, in a place where they may ferve toT
wards the‘Figure of the Tree,_ they mull be preferv’d
and us‘d as ﬁrth 5 being certain, that as they will take
up the greateﬁ abundance of the Sap, the good Bram»
take: that have produc’d thefc falfe ones will receiVe lefé‘,
land Conftquemly will bear Fruit the fooner; thefe
‘falfe Branches, in the mean :ime,performing the ﬂame
tileﬁ, as to the Figure, as the good ones could have
:done.

Such Bram-lye} may likewile he left wherever the
Overture of the Tree [hall not be prejudiced by them,
from whence the Tree, heating Fruit, they may, at
:pleafure, be taken away without any prejudice to the
lI-‘igure, provided, always, they cattle not the leaﬁ c m-
lfuﬁon, that being the greatelt harm thatcan happen
‘ to a vigorous Tree. To moderate the great ﬁtry of
' fuch a Tre’e,and to make it bear the (cutter, two things

are required beﬁdes the adenine. )

I ft. The length and multitude of good weak Bran-

elm, when they'are placed {0 as to Cauﬁ: no Cofnfuﬁon.

M"), A conﬁderable number of out-lets upon the
thick Branch?“ thro" which that abundance of Sap may

perform its cﬂeé‘t. V ' .

If fame Branclm‘ pru‘n’d the preceeding Year, have
"produc’d three or four, all pretty thick ones, you

153 need

114. The Complete Gard’ner. Vol. “.1

need not cut them lhort, or retrench them, {9 than:
having one or mm of the bell plac’d, preférve one no
two of the others for the Prumhg of the next Yeah;
and leave them realbnably long; belidesif you prm
ﬁrrve the lowell, cut the highell; Stump wife, am-
when you preﬁzrve the highell, leaVe under them, ei“
that upon the ontﬁde, or upon the ﬁdes, one or twr
Stump: of the thick Bruno/set, form’d like the Book a

a Vme, each about tWO Inches in length.

There happens in thofe Stump, or Hook}, a dil
charge of Sap which produces fame Branchex, --eithe
for Fruit, when they are weak, or to become, iv
time, ﬁt Branches for the Figure, when they are (hang

The bell way is to take away the highell: Branche
and preferve the lowell for the Figure, being one o
the Advantages we reap by fpreading the Tree witl
safe to the bottom of the Wall, which cannot (3 we

be done in taking away the lowell, and prefervinl
the higheﬂr. ‘

 

 

C H A P. XXIV

Of the Pruning that muff he perform?! th
third Tear upon alljbrts of Trees Plume

within four Team. .

E mull: always follow the Idea ofa ﬁne Tree

which we have ﬁrl} of all propos’d to on

leives, either in aDwmf or Wail Tree!, and to propo.
tion the burthen of the Head to the vigour of the Roar
in leaving more and longer Branchu on a vigoror
Tree, and kale and lhorter on that which appears weal
And whereas many old Branches mull be carefull
preterv’d on a vigorous Tree, ( efpecially for Fruit ) prt
vided there be no Confuﬁonztm the contrary, you mu
:aﬁ: a meal; Tree of the burthen of the old Branch“, :
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Vol. II; The (amplete Gard’mii I I;
well thofc that are for Wood, as thofe that are for Fruit,-
and cut them fhort, in order to make it ﬂtootinew
‘ones; but if not able to proditce the young Slam:
with vigour, then it mull be pulled up, and a better
put in its room, after havingtaken aWay all the old
Earth, which may be judged to be either I! or mm
but, and putting new in its room.

In Pruning, proviﬁon inul’t be made for tholé Bran:
elm that may proceee‘d from thole which you" are Pru-
ning, in order to prepare ﬁne that may be proper for
the Figure, with this alTurance, that when a high
Bram/J is taken down over a lomr, this being ﬁrength—
ened by all the nouiiihment that would have gone to
the higheﬂ, Which has been taken away, this low
Bram/J will produce more Branches than it ﬂtould have
done, had it reteiv’d no reinforcement. '

Itfeldom happens that all the Tm: of the fame Gui-'4
den, tho’ order’d alike, prove equally vigorous, for
Tree: are fubjeéi: to an inﬁnite number of Accidents;
that can neither be forefeen nor avoided 5 but it is cer-
tain, that all the Tree: of a Garden may be form’d aA
greeably in their Figure. which is one of the principal
things to whith the Gardiner is oblig’d.

Here the Author adviiésevery body not to be ob;
ﬂinate in preferving Pear Trees, Which yearly, towards
the end of the Summer, grow extreme Yellow, with-
but having produCed ﬁne 51mm, nor thofe ofwhich‘
the eXtremities of the Branches die every Year.

They are commonly Tree: grafted upon .Quince
Stocks,- of which fame bfthe principal Root: are dead
‘or rotten -, they are Tree: that produce but {mail Room
at the upper part of the Foot, and confequently Ivar:
that are expos’d to the Injuries of the Air and the
Spade.

The ﬁmé thing may be {aid of the Peach Tree, that
appears .Lhe ﬁrﬂ Years to gather Gum at the gr‘eateﬂ:
part of their Em, and of thoﬁ: that are exrremely ate“-

K 2. tack’d

116 The Complete Gard’mr. Vol. II.

tack’d With Certain little Fleasand Pifmires -, fuch Peat-r3-
Tree: have certainly fome rotten Row, and will never
do well.

Thole Treeltl'lat lhoot on all ﬁdes an inﬁnite num-
ber of little, weak, faplefs Branch", with fome thick
ones here and there, both the one and the other for
the molt part, of falle Wood, in which cafe, 3
great deal of time may be loll upon ill grounded hopes.
fo that it will be hell: to remove them as (con as may
be; and when they are not too old, or the mat:
fpoil’d, venture to plant them again, in Game other
place, in good Ground, after having cleanfed them of
all their rottennefé and canker, in order to fee if they
will come to any thing, to make ufe of them, elﬁ-
where; which happens ﬁnnetimes with Pear Trees, but
very feldom with Stone Fruit, efpecially Pcachreet,
ftill putting better in the room of them, with all the
conditions heretofore explain’d.

 

CH A P. XXV.

0f tine ﬁrﬂ Pruning of Trees that have been
Planted witb man) Bram/Jet.

H 0’ it is not advifable to Plant little Trees with

many Bram/m, yet if any have done {0, ob-

ferve theie Rules. Firll, cut OH. what ever may caufe

a confuﬁon, or is not proper for the Figure. And Se-

condly, thofe Branches Wc preﬁrve upon them, leave

them at ﬁx or Even Inches in length, and obﬁzrVe the
foregoing Rules in Priming.

Tree: planted with many Branches upon them, are
not {0 eaiily turn’d to a ﬁne Figure, as young ones
chofe out of the Nurfer} ; they generallly produce
their young Sham diforderly, and confequently mull
he often cut and Wounded, btfore what’s delired can
be effected. . - ’ And

' Vol.ll. The Complete Gard’ner. 117

And when Tree: have been Planted with a great
many more and longer Branches than fhould have been,
and there appears no manner ofdifpoﬁtion towards
the ﬁgure We ought to will] for, we mull immediately
reduce them.

In a great Plantation where other Tm: are dead,
and luppoﬁng the Ground to be good, and other good
Mould put into the hole 5 in fuch acafe, Tree: with
fome Branclm may very well be Planted, efpecially
thofe which are difﬁcult to fruétiﬁe. '

 

C H A P. XXVI.

Ofﬂre Pruning of Tall Standards, or big/2g
dodierl Trees,

[31gb Standard: planted againﬂ Walls do all require
the fame precaUtion as the 1m ones, but thofe
that are planted in the open Air, they need only be
touched once or twice in the beginnings; that is in
the three or four ﬁrll Years, in order to remove fame
Branches from the middle, or to lhorten a ﬁde Branch
which grows too high, or too iong, or bring in anc-
ther nearer, that extends beyond his bounds and refer
the tell to Nature.

“ Our Author {peaks very rightly of high Standard],
“ not being Prun’d with all the Circumllances us’din
“ lower Dwarf: or W’allt-7 yet (0 far mul’t be oblerved,
‘ yearly to cut and clear cut all fuch Brant-Ire: which
‘ grow in the middle of the Tree, together with all the
‘ canker’d Sboott, otherwife being OVerburthen’d ’twill
‘ caufe a conluﬁon, and too much a thicknefs of Wood
f will deprive the Fruit of the Sun it ought to have.

Kg CHAR

11-8 The Complete Gord'ner. Vol.11, '.'"’

C H A P. XXV”.

Ofrlveﬁrﬂ Com/467 of Grafrs in Slit: made and
multiplyezluponola’ Trees, in place, either:
Dwarfs or Wall. , '

Omerimes for change of Fruit, old Tree: are graf-
” fed, of one Head, tWo, three or more, and form:
Of them with one Graff or more in each Head, in P"?
ning thefc obfervc the former direaions; and where
there are many Slum, cut 03 fuch as grow'inward,
or are too thick: Both for number and length refpeél:
muﬂ be had to the quantity of Sap that is to fupply,

. fo as not to check it too much, tho’ afterwards you

cut off or, (horten fame of them, always taking care
to do it {'o as the Figure you deﬁgn may be beﬂ: 36°
complifhr, and the lower part kept thick enough,

 

 

.C H A P. ~xxvm,

Of what is to [26 [lone in caﬁrs not forefeen, am!
pretty common to allforts of Trees, even/a;
link that have éeen manag’d according to
all the Rules of Art.

. H AThas bCC", already faid, may give
V a fuﬂicient 'knowiedge in this matter, yet
Nature anfwers' not all our Intentions. Times and
Seaibns, or Grounds, and the diﬁerent temper of
Trm, and the particular Kinds of Frmt, which may
produce Inconveniencies which we couéd not foreﬁe:
For aher We have prun’d add manag’d our Trees, ac
cording to all the Rules of Art and Difcretion, yet
Z‘xftrture will‘ produce diforderly and confus’d Bram/Jet,
which when they come to pafs ought to be remebdied.

‘ ‘ ‘ " ‘ ‘tone

Y

Vol.1I. 'Ibe Complete Gard’nerm I 19

Stone Fruit, efpecially Pucker and Apricot: greatly
require a lecond, and fometimes a third Pruning, he-
ﬁdes what's done at the end of Winter ; thole laﬂ
Pruning: mull: be perform’d towards the middle of
May, when the Fruit is either knit or blalled; at
which time they are not only advantagious, but very
neceffary: At the fame time on mull likewichn'm
the Bud: and ufeleﬁ; Brancbe: o tome others, which is
no lefé necelfaty than thofe kinds of Pruning.

Thefe lall operations, wig. The fecond and third
Pruning: of Stone Fruit, and the Trimming ofthc Bud;
and ulelefs Bram-bu of all manner of Treer, are ne-
cdrary both to {irengthen certain Bram/Jet which may
be of ule for the future to make Brancber for Wood,
and to take away tome that are grown ufelele. I

All theft: are laid down in four Claufes.

1. Remarks generally common for all forts of Fruit;
Trees.

7.. Remarks thatare peculiar in every Year to the
ﬁrﬁ pruning of Stone Emit, eprcially Peaches and Aprig
COLT.

3. To the fecond and third pruning of Stone-Pruitt,
as well Eﬁml‘ien as Dwarfs.

4. For trimming of Bad: and uﬁlels Brancberof
both.

 

C H A P. XXIX.

Comma» Remarks for certain ﬁngular cafes ree-
lating totbe Pruning of allmamrer ofTreCS,

. H I 8 Chapter {hall be without Order or Connex.

ion, eVery cafe being ﬁngular, and f0 colleéted. .

, 1 . Obfervation.
When a Branch Well plae’d, either againf’t a Wall;
or in_a Dwarf, hath [hot fome falfe Wood, neither pro—

; K4. pﬁl'

k:4~ ) 31H

I 20 The Complete Gard’ner. Vol. II l

per for the Figure or Fruit, let them be cut of? with-
in the thickneﬁ of a Crown piece, or ﬂopingly ; tho"
it’s belt done at the ﬁrﬂ, appearance in the Summer, by
breaking OK the Bad.

2. Cut off all Bram/ac: that {hoot From a hard knob,
upon which the Stalks of Fear: did grow.

3. Do the like by thoﬁ: which proceed From a ihort
ﬁreight Branch like a Spur, tho’ the Spur: are common
and good to be preterv’d, yet the Branches growing
from them, will never be good for any thing; if
it produce more, an of? the Spur it ﬁsh.

4. Pruning {lime weak Branches may be as well per-
form’d by breaking them ‘only at the‘ end, as curring
them with a Knife.

5'. The Cock [12:0, or dry dead parts of Branches
that remain where a Branch was [harmed above the
next E}: or Shoot, ihould be cut OH always, tho’in
Peach tree: it may fometimes be hurtful.

6. VVhen‘a Tree in its ﬁrﬂ Years hath produc’cl
Bram-he: of moderate "vigour, and afterwards puts
forth {irong ones well placid, tho’ of (an: Wood, thele
latter may be us’d'as the Foti'ndation lor the ﬁgure of
the Tree, and the other thﬁbr’d’ﬁ time tor bearing
Fruit, but ifthey come not Well placed, "Cut them cf},
in hopes next Year of new ones better. I

7. When an all Tree ihcotsllrorger Brancher te-
wards the bottom than the top, and the top be in an
ill are, cur it of}; and form a new Figure from thote
lower ones; but if the Top be vigorouc, cut 01?th
lower, unleté well pla'c’d to continue forthe beneﬁtof
$336 Tree; ‘ . ‘ " x l

8. When little and weak Branch“ [hoot from the
Elm"; and the third Shoat is ﬂtong,‘ yet ufe them as
Bram/Jet of Falfe ”had.

9. The order of Nature in prodttﬁion of Bram/Jr:
and Room, is to fend forth-aleﬂer than the Branch of
which it- GJmES', it"litch prove thicker . than the Stem
-'- .- '- ‘ - ' ' our

'V01- IL The Complete 04,213,”; I 917.-

out of which it arifeth in Branchei, ufe them as Falfe

Wood; in Root: it’s nor material, the thickeﬂ being

the bell; and in Branches, if the Scituation favoue

the Figure, you may preferve them.

I o. Conﬁderation mull be had (in Pruning ) of the
place from whence Bram-her proceed, as to be good
and ﬁt to anlwer the end. ' .

I !. Likewife regard mul’t be had to the eEe& of
former pruning. in order to correé't the defeéls of it,
or continue its Beauty.

1 2.. paraifTree: not being fupported by a Wall, if

' they are likely to bear more Fruit than they can fuﬂain
without breaking the Branch, care mull be had to
Him the weight, by taking off fame bearing Bad;
or Fruit. ‘ _ '

i 13. If a large old Braneh of a Peach or Plum Tree
be lbortned, it will not be apt to put forth young frelh
Sham, the Sap not’eaﬁly penetrating a thick hard Bark 5
however other Branch“ which are left, may be better
{apply’d with nourilhment. But Apricot Trees, or young
Peach Treer, are apt enough to put forth frelh ones.

‘ 14.: In vigorous Tree: the Weaker Branches are the
Fruit bearer: : In weak Trees, the {hanger chieﬂy 5th€t€1
fore in the latter prune OK the feeble and (mall.

15. In vigorous Treer, three Branche: (which are
good ones )may put forth at one Eye ; generallytht;
two ﬁde Branche: are proper to be preterv’d, and the
middlemoﬁ wt of}; and that in May or 7mm.

16.- The Branches of Wall-fruit trees may be eaﬁly
difpos’d, if tack’d while young; if they be grown too
(iii? and unﬁt, cut them 05, and expeé’t others that
may do well.

I 7, Tho’ it be difagreeable( either in a Wallitree,
or Dwarf, ) to fee a thick Branch crolling the middle
ol the Tree, yet if it be apply’d to ﬁll up an empty
7 .ide, it may be permitted 5Niceties of Poﬁtion are not4
i much to be obferv’din Fruit hearing Brancher.

‘—

1 8. It’s

I a a The Complete Gard’ner. Vol. II;

38. It’s difﬁcult to ﬁrengthen weak Bram-be: with >
out cutting away others that are luperior to them, e-
ven the upper part of that from which it lhoots, tho’
Nature fometimes doth it her fell.

1 9. As to the pruning vigorous Peach Treer, it’s ne-
eellary to defer the ﬁrﬂ pruning until they are ready to
blolTom, the better to know which may be molt like-
ly to bear Fruit, and then to lhorten them as they
may require.

7.0. Fruit bad: that are nearef’r the ends of Brancbu
are commonly thicker, and 6 better fed than others,
therelore for weak Tree: it may be bell to prune them
early, that the Sap may not walle it fell on fueh parts
as mull be retrench’d.

21. A Wallfruit-tree lhould be quite untack’d be-

fore you begin to prune it, for hereby you may order
it to a better Figure than if the old Tacks remain.
' 2,2. It is often neceffary to untack, both in order
to make the Figure equal, and to remove Branches that
are crept behind the Props or Stays; viﬁt therefore
your Trees often in May, to prevent fuch diforders,and to
remove languilhing or other 8120»: that would caufe
coufuﬁon.

2.3. A multitude of Brancbu in the ﬁrll Year is
not always a fign of Vigour ; but ifthey prove weak,
an ill Omen, and token of Inﬁrmity in the Rom.

7.4. When either a Dwarf or Wall-tree is' great and
old, it feldom {boots green Brancber, and therefore
faults are not to ealily committed in pruning it, if the
Dwarf be but kept open, and the wall-tree have a
good Figure, faults arife molt where the Tree is vigo-
mus, and produceth more than is expeéled.

2.5. We can only judge of the Strength or Weak-
nels ofBrancbe: by comparing them with others on the
fame Tree, the part on which they grow , and the nature
of the Tree making difference; the neighbourhood of

one verythick renders another, that is not {0 thitlz‘k,
' ’ ' wea 5

I" Vol. IL '17»: Complete Gard'nerl r 2 3

; weak; as many weak ones render another that is not to
weak, thick.

2.6. This Rule is conﬁde-table, for fometimes there
is an extraordinary length and pretty thicknefs, which
yet ought to be look’d on as weak or ﬁnal].

27. When Brandon are very (lender towards the
ends, ’tis a certain ftgn of Weaknefs, and ought to be
[harmed -, and if thick there, the contrary is as ﬁne.

28. The farther a weak Brands is dillant from the
Trunk, the lefs nourilhment it receives, and is there-
fore to be (harmed; thick Branches the more diﬂant
from the Heart, receive the more, and are therefore
to be removed, that the Vigour may extend it ﬁlf to
the middle or Iowa part of the Tree.

19. From fome Trees, efpecially Pear Trees, fame;
times proceed Horizzomal Branches, admirable to be pre:
ﬁarv’d, either lhooting inwards or outward.

30. Some Branches may feem proper for Wood, to
ellablilh the ﬁgure of the Tree, yet if they prove of no
' better grthh than Wood-branches, they mull not: con-
tinue . So that if better can he produc’d to Fapply
their places, they are not to be relyed on.

3 I. When a Tree, cfprciallv Peach and Plum} eree,
ceafis to put forth new Branches, they mull be look’d
upon as decaying Trees, and another prepar’d for its
place 5 in the mean time cutting offall that are thplels.

37.. A Branch for Wood mull never «be prun’d with-
out occafton require it : As when a low Standard iis hurt
by a Neighbour that overgrows him, in fuel: cafe
fome Branches that anoy the Other may be prun’d and
left to bear Ernie at greater heightthan otherwit'e they
ought, that you may receive fome Fruit before they
are quite cut of}: i

33. Thick Brmbesthat grow from the ends of o-
thers tellerably thick and long, muff be cut off ﬂtort,
that others may put forth in their ﬂat-ad; for if they

were continued and pruned according to ordinary me-

thod, they would grow long and naked. 34.. The

1 24 ‘Ilye Cmplete Gard’ncr. Vol. H. l

34.. The cutting thus lhort‘and {lump-wife is gene-
rally ufed, where a Bram/other was weak and long is :
grew/n vigorous, and puts forth at its end two or three

rong'Brancbu ; it lhould have been {harmed while
it was weak, and it mull be ferv’d {0 yet.
' 35. If the Bram-b cut {lump-wife hath produc’d no
Branch: for (Wood, bm a thick Bunch at or near the
lace of the Stump, it mull: alfo be out Rump-wile, un-
fs the old one were left too long, which then ought
to be out again.

36. If an old Well liking Tree be dlfbtder’d with
fall? and, by ill pruning -, take it lower by cutting off
'a Brand: or two yearly, ’till it is {uﬁicienzly lbortned,
if it be a good Kind worth preferving; otherwife graff
V on ita better (bit.

37". Some Tm: put forth {0 vigorouﬂy, that they
cannot the ﬁrll: year be reduc'd to a {mall compare,
Rich 'muﬁ be allow’d to extend themfelves, or elrc
they Will produce falle W’aad; afterwards you may
reduce them} ' ' ‘ J

38. A vigorous Tree can never have too many

Branches. if wellordet’d nor a weak Tree too few.
' 39. The Brmzclm 0F falfe mm, "or Sucken, as to
Peach-tree: and other Stone Fruit, are not ﬁi defeé’tive
of Eyes or Buds, as thbfe that grow on Kernel
Fruit'free: 5 “there he a {mall numher, manage them
as Pear-me: in the like cafe -, but ‘if many and thofe
on the loWer part of the Tree, fame of them may be
prepar’d to renew the Tree. "

40. All Tree: have a Brawl: or two if not more,
predominant 5 ‘where the Vigour is equally divided,
it’s hell ', but if it incline to one tide more than ano-
ther, it’s very faulty.

4-]. A Wand Bram/9 on the inﬁde ofaDwals wel-
come, iE favaurably plac’d to fupply athin ﬁde.

4.2. Emit-bud: of Pear and Apple tree: fometimes
form themfelves the fame Year in which the Branch

‘ » they

‘ Vol.1]. The Camplete‘Gard’ner.‘ 12‘;

they are adherent to is form’d, as generally all the Bird:
of Stone Fruit do; but for the moﬂ part it’s two or three
Years or longer, before the former come to perfeé’tion.

4;. Shoot: put forth in Autumn are always bad -, and
mull be taken off. ,

4.4.; It is in the Gard‘nm power to make Fruit-budf
grow where he pleafeth, but not when he pleafes. A

45'. If a thick Branch, being prun’d, fhoots forth
three, refpetSt mull be had to their thieknefe and ﬁt-
neﬁs for Fruit, and to maintain the Figure, and accord;
dingly to be retain’d or cut of};

4.6. Wail-Stone-ﬁuit41ree: do well in putting forth
ﬁde Branches on Shoot: of the fame Year, for moﬂ: Tree;
are too apt to (boot upwards; '

47. Never prefer-we faplefs Bram/m.

48. A Dwarf tree of the Beurre Pear, when it bears
muff be prun’d {hatter than others, left the plenty
and Weight of its Fruit cauﬁe itto fpread or open too
much, which is no pleaﬁng Figure;

49. In My take care that good Branches of W411-
fruit creep not behind the Supporters or Lettice frame.

50. A languifhing Pear-tree may be reflor’d by
pruning and removal in better Ground, bur never a
Peach tree, efpecially if Gum appear.

5 r. If a young Dwarfotree have been (poil’d by Pm;
ning or Accident, that it’s thinner on one ftdethan
number, on which it chance to put forth a Brand; (themx
of falfe Wired) it may be allow’d to be eontinued of great-
ter length, than otherwife the general Rules do admit.

5' 2.. When a Tree forms many Bram-her, fome ﬁrong,
others weak, it may foon produce Fruit; but if few,
and thofe ﬂrong, it produceth no Fruit, ’till in time it’s
grown fuller of Brancbe: that abate its vigorous
Shoo”.

5;. When Tree: [by reafon of their Vigour in
growrh)do not bear Fruit, leave upon them a gig

1'16 "le Complete Gard’nei‘. Vol. II.

deal of old Wood, avoiding Conluﬁon as well as va-
curry.

(4.. It’s good to review preféntly after pruning, to
amend fame faults that probably may becommitted.

55'. When a Tree puts forth much l’tronger $609!!
on one lide than the other, a great part of the ﬁronp;
Brancber mull be cut off clofe to the Body, or [bme of
them Rump-wife.

5-6. In all forts of Tree: allow lcl's length to the weak
than ﬂrong Branches.

5'7. It is common upon all Tree: ( efpecially the
more ancient ) to ﬁnd weak Brancbu which want nou-
rilhment, therefore at the grand pruning, or oftner,
{horten fome, and diminilh others -, or {ometimes a
fuperior Branch that is too vigorous, whereby the weak
may be better replenilht.

58. When an upper Branch requires ﬂiortning,» cut
it clofe to another, that it may healover; but when a
loWer is cut oil, do it Hoping, or at a little diﬁanc-r,
that a new one may grow out of in

. 5'9. When a llrong Branch is cut pretty clofe, and
produceth nothing but weak ones towards its end, 'tis
not likely to make a good Figure.

60. If a young crooked Tree produce a ﬁne Brancb'
below the crook, cut the Head off clofe to that Bram/J

61. If a thick Shoot put forth _on aW’m’l-tree, it
may better be prefetv’d on it, tho’ ill plac’d, than on
a Dmrf, becaufe by nailing Ligatures, it fell, or thofe'
that grow From it, may be turned often toa convenient
place, which cannot be {0 welleﬂ‘eé’ted on Standard
Dwarf-Trees. , ,

62. Tho’ ﬁve,ﬁx or {even inches be ufually the’
proper length to leave VVbad-‘brancbe: at; yet very of-
ten they mul’t be left longer or lhortet as occaﬁon reé'
quires, upon the conlideration of the vigour or Weak-
nets of the Tree, thicknefs or {mallneﬁt of the Branch
to be cu‘, the fullnefs or vacuity of the place

Vol. II. '17»: Complete Gard’nerI I 27‘

- of its poﬁtion, and the height of other Branch: upon
the fatne 1m.

6 g, The Ohjcétions againﬂ skilful Pruning defetve
not an Anfwer. ‘

64.. When a ﬁne Fruit-branch lhoots many others,
which ﬁem ﬁt for Fruit, if they eaufe no Confuﬁon,
and the Tree hath vigour, particularly in Pear Trm,
they may be preferv’d.

65-. It happens fometimes (efpecially upon Wall-
trm, ) that fometimes a vigorous Branch, alter it hath
put forth the ﬁme year of its gromh {mallsbam to-
wards the Head or end, may alto {hoot ﬂronger all,
terwards below; there lall: may be preﬁerv’d for Wood
Branches, and therefore to be lhortned, and the othee
look’d on as Fruit branches.

66. There’s no Scruple to be made, even in old
Trees; elpeciallv Pear, Apple, and Apricot Trees, of
abating thick Branches on certain (idea, that by ill or-
dering prom: too long and thin; tho’ it be not conve-
nient, without abﬁﬂute neceﬂity, to cut many thick
Bram-be: which [land over weak ones, {hot from the
ﬁtme part, leﬂ the $4}: which fed the larger. ﬂow to
plentifully into the leffer, that it caule them to put
forth much falﬁ: VVoud, and Suckers.

6, 7. Branches {hot from the ends of others are com-5
monly good Wood, yet fometimes it happens other:
wife, and then mull: be correétcd.

CHAR

tag 'IlreComplcte Gdrd’rier; V61. H.”
CH A P. xxx. '

Particular Remark: for the ﬁrﬂ Pruning,
yearly to be £erﬁrm’d in February and
March, upon recs ofStonc—Fruit, efpeci-
ally on Peach and Apricot Trees, cit/Jar
Dwarf-Standards or Wall-Trees. ‘

Fmrit-brancbe: of the Tree: above rtienrion’d, are
but of a {mall continuance, many of them periihé
ing the ﬁrﬂ: Year in which they produce Fruir, and
even without it, if the Bream were deﬂroy’d -, thefe
mutt be our 03:, unlefé you ﬁnd they have put forth
Shoot: for Blojjom for the fucceeding Year.

It is not {a with the Fruibbrancba: of Par and Ar
pie—treer, and even Plum treer.

The Curious ought to be pitied, whofe Tree: are
planted in cold ill Ground, or Ground Worn out.

Weak Branches muﬂ be preferv’d with care, ( the
length proportion’d to their ﬁrengrh) for the viﬁble
Hopes of piefent Fruit; and at fecand Pruning, if oc-
Caﬁon requires, more boldnefé may be taken, but little
hopes is to be had of them after. -

Strong Branches are to be look’d upon With relation
to the future, and therefore cut ihort, to p‘rOduce o-
thers oi both Kinds, and ﬁll up the Vacancies \‘rhere’
thoﬁ: that have ceas'd hearing are cut. 09‘.

Tm: of very vigorous grthh, are not apt to beat:
Fruit, (0 that on fuch it may do Well to leave Brancbe:
of a moderate thicknefs, and long, which may pro;
duce, probably, Fruit bedrirlg'bmncbe: the fuCceeding
Year.

When a Peach-tree ceafeth to put forth Branches
for W and, provide one to {ueceed him.

If an old Peach tree (harmed, hath put forth feveral
good Branches, order it as a young planted Tree is al-‘4

ready appointed to be,- only leave the Brew/Jet longer,
- Where

5.

Rich“ \1 The Complete Gard’niri 119

‘ ‘Where Walls are net above ﬁx 'otfeven Foot high,
the Trees planted againﬂ them muﬂ be at greater
diﬂance than Ordinary, and the ﬁde Branches fuffer’d
to grow long, if the Tree be vigorous, even to a Foot
:and a halfin length.

 

C H A P. XXXI.

Particular~ Remarks upon the feco'nd and third Prue
ning qf Stone‘F’ruit.

His fecond pruning is to be perform’d about the

middle of May, and concerns not thick Bra):-

ches, but the weak, that were left at the ﬁri’t grand

pruning, in hopes of Fruit upon them, which Branches
produce different effeC’ts. As, -

1. The molt profperous Fruit and ﬁne Branchcs,
in the bef’t part of their extant, having Fmiz that lies
f0 cIofe, as to be likely to obﬂrué’t one anorher in
their growth, fome mui’t be taken away: And in cafe
the multitude of young Shoat s, may be likely to «bring
confuﬁon, fome of the meaneﬂ and wori’t plac‘d may
be cut oﬁ‘. ,

. 2. Where there is much Fruit and no ﬁne Branches,
but week and ufelefs : There fome of the Fruit thould
be taken oﬁleaving that which is faireﬁ and belt plac’d,
and the Branch it felffhortned: If the Fruit grow on
the lower, part of the Branch cut it off clofe to them.

3. Where you have no Fruit, and yet many ﬁne
Branches 5 Tome of thefe ought to be preferv’d for Fruit
next Year, but if any one be more luxurious in its
growth than Others, efpecially toward the end of the
Branch, cut that clear off, but where there’s neither
fruit nor good Shoots, cur off fuch a Branch clofe to
the lowermoft Shoot it hath put forth. _

4-. If the Branch have only produc’d a ﬁngie Shae:
at the end. thereof, With much Fruit every where, if

,4 it;

m' ,"’?FWM".' V

i 30 The Complete IQatd’nér. Vol. I._

it be notfo ﬂrong as to be likely to beCOme a Branch-
of Wood, it ought to be referv’d, and the fmall ones:
among the Fruit cut 0 5 but if it incline to be a;
Wood Branch, fhorten it. ,

5. If it bea long Branch, and hath.only two om
three Fruit: towards its End, and a few Sham in it’s‘
Extent, unlefs for particular Reafon you would pie-t
ferve the Fruit, {horten fuch a Branch, and preferver
its beﬂ Shoots.

6. Such Branches as are deﬁroy’d by Cold or Gum;
cut off as far as they are‘dead. .~

If any thing have hinder’d the performance of thisz
fecond pruning in May, it may be done till the mid--
dle of fane. ‘ t

    

 

“' c H A P. xxxn.

Of the dzﬁerent Manner: of arderz'ng a PeachJ‘ree
in the Summer time. ‘

Gard’ner: ohferve three déﬂérent we]: herein.

1. Ome pull or tear off all youngShoot: which grow

- before and behind, and leave but few Others ;
Theie feem to blame.

2. Others cut off thofe Shoot: within three or four
Eye: or Bad: of the Branch they grow on; which—
reuders the Tres ugly and difagreeable.

a. The laﬁ manner is, to pteferve all the good Bran.
(be): and nail them up neatly, leaving them to the
time of general pruning, at which time you may pre«
fen-e more you like hell -, which is the Courfe the Aue
thor always took.»

(SHAY;

”cl. 1. I inc-Complete Gard’nei. 1;!

C H A P. XXXIII.

) Of the Tr‘im‘m‘ing offszaptjrﬂuom medlifr Buils an]
pugs.

W Hereas Priming ferves only to {horten or take
away old Branches; that either by their length,
: fcituatio‘n, or number, annoy a Tree; fo this Trim-
~: wing or Picking, is entirely to remove young Brazz-
icbe: of the lime Year, either thick 01‘ fmall, growing
35 improperly, or to’ caufe confuﬁon or prejudice to the
" whole Tm, or the Branch on Which they are gtovévn‘.
The time for it is all the Summer, as occaﬁon res
,~‘ quires 5 the fooner the better (if it need it) to prevent
: the gro‘wth of thofe ufélefs Shoot: that wal’te a great
deal of Suﬁ, and this ﬂlo‘uld be p'e'rform’d on young
2 as well old Traci. _

It is not eaﬁe to fet down precifely‘ What Bran-
ches muf’t be thus Prun’d or Trim’d, but a skillful
tGard’m’r, Who by the Rules foergoing hath form’d
the Idea of . a.. ﬁne Tm, and concluded what {hould
remain for Wood and Fruit-branches, will eaﬁly per-
:ceive what’s ﬁt to leave, and What to take oﬂ’, be
; it either Bud: before they are ﬂio’t, or Shoots lately.
jput forth ~, and obﬁrving the Direetions before
mention’d in Pruning,- he’ll need no farther.aiﬁl’t~

ance in this matteo. ‘ a

1‘31"; '17:! Complete 94rd’nér;
C H A P. XXXIV.

  

' m“; m

Particular Remark: for another material Operation, ,
to he perform’d m the Smmzzer upon fame Trees”
which 1: called Pinchlng or Breaking.

Inching, in relation to Gard’nirzg’, is to break de—v.
ﬁgnedly a tender Spring of any Plant whatfoever'tu
without the help of any Inﬂrument, only uling thezs:
Nails 'of two Fingers; your Shoot: fo ferved, are nor I;
To apt to die and grow black, as when cut, with 2::
Knife: It may be ptaé’t‘is’d on Bud: of tender Slocum;
in April or May, and fometim‘es in ﬁne and fuly :
’Tis commonly praﬂis’d on the Shoot: of Melons, Cum-r
Climbers, 8m. not on Fruit-trees, but our Author];
us’d it on Pears, Peaches, ﬁg, and Orange-trees 5;;
but)C what’s here mention’d concerns only the two:
ﬁrl .

This Operation is to be perform’d upon thick new,
Shoots, within two or three Eyes of the Branch they.
grow out of,- and the Efieét is, that inﬂead of one:
ﬁrong I’Vood-erzcl) (that may be obnoxious) a vigo-v
mus Tree will put forth two or three at thofe Eyes:
‘lcft; and the Sap being now divided, the Branches;
may be lclTer and ﬁt for Wood and Fruit, if they are:
well plac‘d, but it’s cheiﬂy to be praél‘is’d upon:
the thick Bram-bet on the top, which would remain:
ul'elei‘s from their Situation, and yet fpend much?
Sap.

, This is not to be praﬂis’d on weak Branches, for:
if they put forth more,§thofe probably be weaker thanit
the Stem f0 pinched.

CHAP}.

‘gvol; I. i m7 Complete Gard‘ner. . I 3;

c n A P. xxxv.

SOf what is to be flake to fame Trees being extraor-
dmery vigorous, no: bearing Fruit

I Everal Expedients and Remedies have been pro-
,S pos’d for curing vigorous Trees, that produce
emuch Wood but little or no Fruit, which upon tryal
'l have had no fuccefs, As,

To bore a Hole in the Stem of a Tree, and put a
3i Peg of dry Oak into it, to fplit one main Root, and
gput' a Stone into it; to Prune at the time of the de-
! clining of the Moon, fie. '

The manner of Pruning, (as is before direé‘ted)
: may be a great help to beating Fruit, but the mol’t

eﬂ‘eé’tual Cure, is to open a part of the Ground, fo
as to come at the Roots, and cut off one, two, or
three of them on one ﬁde, which will put a {top to
the great afﬂuence of Sap. Some have ufed to take
up the Tree: and replant them, but this is too violent
a Force upon them. ‘

 

C H A P. XXXVI.
'Of the Candler? or Culture of Fig-Trees. .

r:[“HE difficulty of prefetving the Pig-freer from
the Cold, is the chief Reafon why fo few of
them are propagated in our Climates, for in 1101:
Countries they abound, and that to great Proﬁt: But
hnce their Fruit is much deﬁred by fome Perfons, they
may propagate and maintain what number they
pleafe fecurely, and to beat Fruit well in Cafe: with

little difﬁculty, after thefe following Direétions.
I. For the Earth, it need be only common Garden
Mould mixt with an equal quantity of rorten Dung,
3 which

' x

'r 3.4 The Complete Gard’neri i I V0113

which muft be ram’d hard to the bottom of the Cq/e,«,.
and the Tree fet Very near the top, with Mould more}?
looﬂy laid about it. - ‘ '

2. Their Rom, inﬂead of being hard and Thick,,::
are foft, ﬂexible, and ﬂender, eaﬁer to be ordered in:'
.Cafes than Orange-trees, which yet thrive well inn
them.

2. The Fig-tree puts forth abundance of Rom-,3
fo that it’s eaﬁe for them to feed the top and grown
vigorous, and that ,with little Earth, if well watered. 4‘
' T hefe are nothing fo tender as Orange-trees, which 7:.
are Green, and growing as well in Winter as Summer, ':
and therefore an ordinary Confervatory will fuit with :1
them, be it Cellar, Barn, or Stable, and they need i:
not be put in till the end of November, unlefs Froﬁs 2:
are earlier than ordinary, and that without any great; ;_
care, culture, or clofenefs, unlefs in extream Froﬁs, ,.
and to be taken out again in the beginning of Marci), .,
or later, as the Seafon happens, and if it permit, thﬁ? ::
fooner the better, to inure them to the Air, and that :
the Sun-beams and Showers of Rain in March and 11- .,
pril may haﬁen their putting forth: being taken out ~
of the Confervatory, let them 'be put clofe undera .
Wall expos’d to the Era]? or South Sun, and f0 conti.
nue till the beginning of May, in the mean time if ]
Froﬁs happen, let them have fome coverings ,in the
Night, becaufe the Fruit hath no Leaf to fhelter it,
and afterwards the open Air is bell, fo it be nor much
CXPOS’d ‘0 COM: but ﬂavour’d by the help of Walls
or Other Shelter.

At their ﬁri’t putting out into the Air, let them have
a good Watering, and’ they’ll need no more till the
middle of April -, in May give them Water once a
Week, and towards the middle offal): frequently al-
molt daily 3 the Sun having great inﬂuence on the Roots,
by reafon of their being thus in Gﬂr, cauﬁas them to
ripen fooner than thole againﬂ a Wall, and commonly
to hear me Crops or Fruit, one in 97mm or ﬁlly, another
2, V V .» 1n

    

‘_ Volul. The Complete Gard’ner: .135
, in September, for the better ripeningthe latter, place
the Cafe: again under a warm Wall. »
To fupply and maintain the Stock ( for you cannot ~
expeEt they fhould be ﬁt for Calés above ﬁfteen Years)
they are eaﬁly cultivated : in the middle of March
take up young Fig-Trees, either Sucker: from the old
or Layer: that are Rooted, and after having lhorten’d
all the Root: and Stem, put them in Earthen Pots a-
bout four Inches deep, and place thefe in a hor Bed,
after the great heat is pretty well over, let them
be watered, and the Bed refelh’d on the ﬁdes to con-
tinue the heat 3 in two Years time they may require
to be {hifted into bigger Pots 3 which do in the end of
the Year, and as they grow bigger let them have big-
ger Cafes once in three or four Years; in lhifting re-
move not the old More or Mould from the Roots, but let
thelike Rule be obferv’d as herein is at ﬁtl’t direEted :
After Cafes are come to eighteen Inches fquare, the
difﬁculty of removing them will be conﬁderable, if you.
lhould yet put them in fome enlarged, unto twenty
two or twenty three Inches fquare, otherwile you
might continue them longer in Cafe: : When they are
grown too big for 0th they may fetve, having their
Top: and Root: well {hortned and pron’o’, to let elfe-
where.

Pig-Trees, by reafon of their great expence of Sap
in Loaves, Fruits, and thick Shoots, require watering
all the Summer, tho’ little or none in the Winter 5
this is to be underﬂood of thofe in Cafes, for thofe
that grow on main Land will root f0 deep, that part
of their Roots may continually have moifiure, unlefs in
a very dry Seafon, if they want it, the Fruit will not
ﬁll, but drop oil before it comes to Maturity.

The ~Figure of Fig-Trees will in no place anfwet that
of other Fruit-Trees, their Beauty in can conﬁﬂs iu
being real Dwarf-Tree: without a middle Stem, if it
may be, not {hooting too high, not, being too much ex-
tended,with bare Branches which they are lhbjeé’t unto,

unlefs great foreﬁght be had. L 4 As

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As to' the Trimming and Pruning thefe Tree: it’s _‘

neceﬂhry yearly towards Spring to cut oﬁ‘ all dead
grandam, which theyvare more fubjeE’c unto than any
7303. ’

As to Fig-Tree: placed again a Wall: In the Sum- :

met time do belt, to have fome liberty from the Wall, ,
and not clofe tack’d, as other Fruit-Tree: ought to be, .

but rather upheld by Poles or Perches faﬂen’d to the 5-
Wall at a little diﬁance, tho? in the Winter fome: '

ﬁrangling Branches ought to be cut off or mild clofer, ,

the better to place before them a defence of thick Mat

or Straw upon :1 Frame to pteferve them from the :
Cold, the North-eaﬂ Winds; and fometimes the South =

proves Mortal to them, and thefe are to be continu’d
until April or very near it.

Another material thing is, every Winter towards:
the beginning or end, to take up all Sucker: from the ‘

F007 near the Root, and thefe may be of good ufe to

raife more Trees, being planted in a Trench near a
Wall, and covered in the Winter : And the Branches ‘

of the Tree ought not to be permitted to grow too ,
high, in order to keep them more full, therefore the. .

new thick Branches ought yearly to be fhortned, to a.

Poor or thereabout, and the Bad at the end of the Bran- i

char to be broken OPE in the Spring time, that inﬁead
of one ﬁngle Branch it may have two, and it may caufe

them to lhoor out Pigs the earlier, and fo the fooner .

Ripe, all furtherence thereto is neceﬁ‘ary in our Cli-
mares 5 the fame courfe of pinching off EmlBudr
is very profitable in Summer alfo, and weak Branches
are to be cut quite of, for contrary to melt other
”freer, the thick and ﬁrong Branches oszg-Treer bear
Bait, and not the (mall, but if for want of others
any weak Branches are preferv’d, they mul’t be much
ihorten’d.

' As to Divaefﬁig-Tree: out of Cafes, they are trou~
bieiome to be kept, mould be covered in the Winter,
and. ripen later than againii the Wall,

l C H A R

WW w

Vol. l.’ The Complete Gard’nér.‘ 137:. ,
' CHAP. xxxvn.
0f the manner of Pruning may old Trees.

Here are three different ﬂares which well grown
Tree: arrive at. Firl’t Vigorous, Second Weak 5

Third, in the Mean.

As to the Vigorous, refpeEt in Pruning mul’r be al~
ways had to continue or amend the figure, and as the
Figure will bear it, to leave the ﬂtong Branches long,
viz. a Foot and a half, or two Poor, and cut oil few
but fuch as grow outwardly, to cut them ﬂantingly
within a Bud or two of the Stem, and inwardly within
the thicknefs of a Crown piece. ' - .

When old Trees are very weak, commonly theheli
expedient is to Plant new ones in their places 3 bur if
Perfons will preferve them they mull disburthen them
extreamly, by leaving few Branches for Wood upon
them, and to {horten thofe to ﬁve or ﬁx Inches in
length, and but very few weak ones, and none that
are dry or over much walled.

-As to thofe that bear and profper indifferently well,
the Rules for young Trees are to be obferv’d ftill, ~
wherein the Beauty of the Figure is always to be re-

_ fpeaed, which in a Dwarf-tree it is to be low in the

Stem, open in the Middle, round in circumference,
many good Branches on its ﬁdes, equal in heighth and
thicknels In a Wall-tree it is to be equally furnifh’d
on both; ﬁdes, not to be let run up only, or too fall
in the middle of it, nor yet too thin or fparing.

CHAP.

 

MW“? . ‘ \
138 '17:: Complete Gard’ner. Vol. 1,
CH AP. XXXVHI.

0/ the defeﬂ: of Pruningxin relation to‘ old
' Dwarfs.

m , at“ we“ W 1*

W HERE a DwarﬁTrce hath been left too high
in the Stem, if it be old, the inconveniencies
would be too many, if it befhdttned -, but it} it be
. not above three year old, it may be {hortned with
advantage. If it be too thick in the middle, cut oil
clearly one, two, or more Branches that caufe that
fulnefs.
. As to the defect in Roundnefs, a Tree is not eaiily
amended, it mull proceed from the not fhortning
thofe ﬁrong Brancfm it put forth ﬁrli, and Year after
Year as they ought to have been done 5 or elfe where
a young Tree puts forth one ﬂrong Branch and one
weak one, which were both left of a like length; (as
they ought) but the l’ttong over—growing the weak one,
hath made it fo unequal , tho’ this {trong one, by
often fhortning where it ought to have been, might
in time have been cond'uéled to fupply the Vacancies,
'by {booting Branches ﬁde-ways, which the weak one
catld not. And this way the forth deFeEi, viz. of un—
equal Fulnefs on the ﬁdes, may be correEled.

 

C H A P. XXXIX.

Ofdeﬂ’t‘is of Pruning, in relation to old
Wall Trees.

W H E defeE’tS of We]! Tree: mull proceed alfo
from the Negligence or Ignorance of the Gar—

J’m'r in the ﬁrf’t Years, by not ihortuing the top
Shoot, and maintaining an equal Strength on both ﬁdes.

The cure is to ihorten them at two or three Years
growdt

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~ Vol I. ‘1'- Tbe' militate Gerd’nerl 139

growth, and tho the Tree be old, Tome thick Branches

u

may be taken off, with good eﬁ’eél in all Fruit-trees; .

unlefs old Peach-tree: that have been grafted; but if

it be a Peach-tree that came ﬁom a Stone, (tho old)-

it will {hoot‘again very vigorouﬂy, for tho’ fuch be
longer than thofe grafted before they come to bear,
yet they recompence it in lal’ti-ng much longer.

So that for an old grafted Peach-tree, the grand Rea
medy of {hort’ning may not avail, but the ordinary
Rules of Pruning are to be continued, and to refrefh
it with new Mould, and cut offfor‘ne of the old Roots,
or elfe Plant a young frefh Tree in its place.

or fuch Tree: as are fhort’ned, their young Shoot: -
ought to he order’d according to the former Rules ,

touching young Trees.
The over fulnefs of one ﬁde more than another,
may arife either by petmttttng too many to grow

thereon, or by cutting off feveral thick Branches near .,
one anorher, whereby the Tree 18 apt to put forth ma. .

ny in their (lead, which mull needs caufe confuﬁon
where they are, and likely to caufe a defect in Other
places. ‘

 

C H A P; XL.
Of the Pruning of Vines.

N 0 Tree requires {0 much Pruning, nor is any fo

eaﬁe to be done as Vine: are; without regular -

pruning, it neither produceth f0 good, ﬁne, or well
fed F'I‘uif, as it’ would otherwife do.

As the large Branches of Pearvtreer, fo the {mall
ones of Vine: produce no Fruit, but are wholly ufelels,
confuming a great quantity ofSiip, and are therefore
to be cut off. ,

Two things are to be conﬁdered in the pruning of
Vines, the vigour of the Plant, and the time; for the
' latter,

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later, nothing need be added touching the time, to a

   

. what hath been {aid of the Pruning of‘other Fruit.

true.

As to vigour, the number of Branches to be left
mul’r be proportion’d thereto, to it maké not confulii ,
on in the moﬁ vigorous; and the thickeft and hell I
plac’d are to be preferv‘d, and ordinarily their length '
to be limited to four Bud: or Eye: cur of? a full Inch
above the uppermoﬂ Eye, and ﬂopewife, the Slope
ending on that ﬁde the Eye grows on. Thefe Direéti-
ons are for Vina againﬂ a Wall. '

The Brancbe: of the foregoing Year are generally to
be taken 0E, unlefs it happens (as often in old Vina)
you cut off the old Stem (grown ufelefs) unto the
young, or have need to encreafe the heighth or fpread—
ing of the Tree, and then they lhould be fhortned to
the leaving only two Eyes.

In moderate Climates the Mufcadihe Grape rEquires
a South Wall, and to grow to ten foot high 3 the fame
heighth is proper for CigﬂZ’lar, Curram, early Grapes,
sec. but thofe not againlt Walls much lower.

When the preceeding Years Pruning hath produc’d
three or four Branches (if the Villa be of the helghth
above mention’d) the weak are to be wholly remov’d
and two of the ﬁrongel’t fuﬁicient to be preferv’d,
leaving four Eye‘s on the uppermol’t, and two on the
lowermol’t Brand), and the fucceeding Year taking the
uppermoﬁ off clofe, if the lower have produc’d two
good Shanta, or elfe to fave what’s wanting on the
lower upon the uppermoﬁ. -

When the old Vine: begin to appear walled, it’s .
neceﬁhry to couch or lay down fome young ones into
the. Earth, to beget new Wood from time to time,
at; 3? f0 when any diminution of vigour is perceiv’d,to
mttei‘n the Rent: with Dung or Sail. .

if t“‘:? Seafon he very dry, watering in Auguﬂ is
of great advantage to the Emir. -

If

{Vol I I i The Complete Gard’ner.. by .14:

If the Fiait-Ilearing-bramb he not very vigorous,
it ought in fuly to be cut off clofe to the Fruit :
In the heat ‘of Summer fome Leave: are neceiTary o-
ver the Fruit, to Ihelter it from the Sun-beams un-
til it’s half ripe, and then barenefs is requiﬁte to
bring it to maturity.

Birds and Flies of feverallKinds, as well as Froﬂs
and Rain, are Enemies to the Grape.

Nets may be ufed u on the—Vines to prevent Birds
eating the Fruit, and lIlails with Water and a little
Hony or Sugar, hung with Pack-thread upon the
Branches, will induce Flies to drown themfelves,
which (when a conﬁderable number are in) mul’t be
emptied, and renew°d as before.

 

0F

4

)ﬁmw .‘ . (“x .L. *ryjl _4

u , ,_, “an”.

141 The Complete" Gdfd’im; ‘ ' V01, m",

 

*—

 

o F
FRUILGARDENg
A N I)
Kitchen-Garden‘s.

 

VOL. II. PART. V..

 

CHAP.’ f;

Concerning the care that is re'guir’rl to pick Fruits
when they are too wounding; -

" HE intention of our Culture being to promote
T ﬁne and fair Fruit, it follows from thence that
there is fomething elfe to be done, which is here
treated oﬁ .
. When we neither meet with Frol’ts nor biting,»
W'inds in the Months ofMarcb, April, and May, it’s'
certain that in fome parts of the Tree, there will re-"
main too much Fruit to appear beautiful, and large 5-
as in relation to Kernel Fruit, viz. Pears and Apples;
every Bud commonly produces feven, eight, nine, or."
ten, more or lefs: But as to Stone-Fruit, except Cher;
rier, they produce but one Fruit upon one Bud, but
their Fruit bearing Branches are commonly burthen’g
wrt ‘

"Vol. I; '17,, Complete Gard ner. '43

with a great number of Bud: clofe to one another,
and upon eVery one of thefe Branches there may re-
main an 'exceﬂive’quantity of Fruit, (‘0 that the more
Fruit there is upon a Branch of Stone—Fruit, as Peaches,
Apricots, and Plunzhs, the lefs nourifhment they have 3
the Sap diﬂributing it felf to all parts alike : The
fame may be faid of Kernel- Fruit, which had there
been a lefs number of fruit upon each Bud and Branch,
it would have been larger and better 5 for it’s impof-
ﬁble to have Largeneis, Goodnefs, and Beauty all at
one time, therefore there muf’t be a particular care
taken to leave no more fruit upon one Brunch or Bud,
than what may be judg’d capable to receive fuﬁicient
Nouriihment, in order to produce beautiful fruit.

In Pruning of every Tree there mull be left as ma.
ny, if nor more Fruit-bearing Branches, and more 8qu
upon it, than it feems to be capable of nourifhing -,
having ﬁill a precaution to the Hazards that are to
be fear’d before the Fruits are ﬁfe, and being deﬁrous
to have the Fruit all beautiful alike 5 after the Fruit
is well knit to make an exaét view over every Bud
and Branch, in order, as aforefaid, to leave no more
Fruit than what may be judg'd capable of receiving.
fuﬂicient Nouril'hmenr.

When thefe fuperﬂuous Fruits are left 11 on the
Branches, Nature is disburthen’d of them 3/ high
Winds, which often happen in the Months of fuly
and Augu/I, beating down as well the theft beautiful a
and glorious Fruit, as» the poor and m’eaneﬂ.

But fometimes thefe Winds do not happen, then
the greateﬂ of our “Fruit which was knit, remains up-
on the Trees; and thus in the midi-l of Plenty, we
have neither Beauty nor Goodnefs to recompence- our
Culture.

In this cafe it may be very proper to disburthen
the Tree then on this manner, via. to tarry ’till the
Fruits be pretty large in order to, take away the
worl’r, and leave that which appears to be the lbeﬂ,

w ich-

 

Extent" ' em .

V51". i}

i

t ‘44 The Complete Gardner

‘which will be about the end of'Moy, or beginning of
j‘uuo, at which time the Fruit will be large enough '

    

..
O

to facilitate our choice.
But this picking or culling mul’t be petform’d_foon-'
er, in Apricots than in any Other Fruit, becaufe they

ripen earlier, and in them we have a conﬁderable ad- ‘

vantage, in making Compote: and wet Sweet-meats of 2

.the Fruit, which in other fmall Fruits we have not.

Care muﬁ be had to allow to all Fruits as much
room as their Bignefs may require when it approaches
to Maturity, and particularly to thofe kinds of Stance
fruits which have {hort Stalks, as Apricots, Peaches,
Povits, sic. leaﬁ they (hould obﬁruéi; each other in
growing 5 for it is often feen that the largeﬁ deﬂroy
the fmalleﬂ’, fo that the Nouriihment they have re-
ceiv’d for two or three Months is all in vain 5 where‘-
as, had thefe which are worﬁ plac’d been pick’d of?
betimes, the fmall ones might have receiv’d the nou-
rifhment that was waited on their Neighbour.

Autumn, and ijor Pears, efpeciallylthe largeﬁ;
as the Beureos, Vi’rgoults, and Bou-Cbretieus, do like-
wife Rand in need of this picking Or culling, for ma-
ny of them being left upon one Knob, they feldom
produce ﬁne and large Fruit, but one fmaller than
the other, and ill favour’d, fo that one or two upon
a Bud will be enough.

As for Summer Pours, as the little Mtg/tots, Robiues’,
(Mo/m, Rout/joists, Etc. they need not be pick’d, but
only to be us’d like P/mubr, and comm, they being
Fruits of an ordinary bignefs, and are CommOnly good
of all Sizes, provided they be ripe, and not 'tainted
with Worms. ~ -

As to Stone-Fruit, except they arrive to their Ex;
tent and Bignefs proper to their kind, they never ats
tain the delicacy they ought to have, the Peaches re-
main ihaggy and green, and don’t quit the Stone clear;
they are fowrilh, and bitterifh, the Pulp is rough,
comics, and often mealy, the Stone much larger than

1S

I Vol. II. ’ The Complete Gard’mr‘. 145‘
"Ht {hould be, all which are certain Marks of an ill
{Peach

As to Winter Ban Cbretiem‘, in the Months of April
:and Mag), when they begin to ap eat knit, be care.
:lﬁll to‘deﬂtoy {mall black Caterpil ats, which are very
..: numerOus about them at that Seafon, gnawing the

¥1Rbirzd of thofe Pears, which is the reafon they are of-‘
:ten crooked and umven.

CHAP. Ii,

Jim to uncover, at a proper time, certain «Fruits
wbzcb reguire It.

,S'FRuz't: upon every Tree being thus pick’d, they
> thlcken by degrees under the Leaf, fome more
Hfome lefs, according their Kinds -,, fome fooner. and
Others later, according to their time of Ripening;
and as the Red or Carnation Colour, are neceiTary to
certain Fruits, which they may have if not hindred,
f0 there are certain others that can never attain it, as
.the White Peaches, Vert Longs, Greer: Sugar-Pears,
'sz'te Figs, 8m There is likewife Others, tho’ ne-
rver fo much covered, always receive their Colour, as
.Cberriee, Rasberrier, Strawberries, 81c.
As Colour renders certain Fruits more valuable, {'0
:they can never attain it, without the reﬂeEiions of
the Sun lie direﬂly upon them 5 therefore it’s proper
:at certain times to remove fome Leaves which {bade
'them too much; likewife thefe Fruits which are {ha-
ded too much neither ripen f0 foon, nor have they the
delicacy of Taﬂe as thofe which are more expos’d:
Yet care mul’t be had nor to uncover them ’till they '
thave attain’d their proper ﬁle, and begin to lofe the"
great Greennefs they had "till then. . ,
' They ought to be uncover’d by degrees, at tWo or
i three feveral times, in the {ﬁerce of ﬁx or fetch Dayfs ;'~
or:

.\W‘%‘_3‘.'“I WWW ‘ »- m. .‘vvr'ﬁrtryrtk‘mmwu . V, , ,.

 

; 46 The Complete 'Gard’ner: Volt

for if they were uncover‘d all at once, the great head!
of the Sun would certainly oecaﬁon a great diforder,‘I
the tender Rin’d not being accullomed to the open;
Air. . ‘

But to render the Colour more bright and lively, ,
it will be very proper to ufe a kind of Seringe, like :
unto a watering Pot, to water them two or three:
times a day during the great heat of the Sun, which .
loftens the Rhincl, and is of wonderful ufe to that end, ,
eipecially for Apricot: and Peaches, and alfo fucceeds :
well upon Bonfhretiem and Wagon/e: Pears, being ;
lbmewhat whitilh and having a ﬁne thin Rhiml, they
are apt to receive that ﬁne Colour, which becomes-
them f0 well.

 

C H A P. III.

Of the Mar/rill}: qf Fruits, and the order which
Nature ohjtrrves m 1:.

INE Fruits having attain’d their Size and Colour

and arriv’d to their Maturity, it behoves us to-

improre th‘ofe rich Prefents which Nature and our
skilful Culture treat us with.

Care mull be had to gather Fruits, and make ufe of
them when they are entirely ripe, left they be in
danger of perifhing -, fome thr0° Rottenneﬁ, which
happens with molt A pelt: , Others by growing mealy,
as in PEdC'bt’J‘ -, fome by growing {oft ﬁrﬂ, as many
Tear: do, eipecially thofe which grow tender, as the
Bezzrree; Others by growing dry, as the Mark Pear,
ate.

Care mull likewife be had to know rightly when
they are at Maturity -, for fome are about a Week
good and no more, as the Rang’lelcts of Ruﬂetim, others
not above a day or two, as Figs, C berries, and moﬁ
Peaches, arc. and. tome have a much longer time, as

Apple:,

Vo‘lJl. The Complete Gdrd’ner. i47
Applet, Bou-Cbretieu Pears, 81¢. a Month or ﬂat

Weeks, or more; which is explain’d more at large in '

the third Part, where you have the time of Ripenin‘g
fet down in eVery particular fort of Fruit. ‘

As all Stone Fruits, fome Summer Pearl", and all
Red Fruits, are in perfeé’tion from the time they are
gather’d; it follows that none of them {hould be
gather’d until they are at full Maturity, by re tfon that
how little time foever their Maturity may hit, they
preferve themfelves much better and longer upo‘n thé
Stacie, than they would do being gather’d. ’

 

CHAP. IV.

How to judge of the Maturity and Good-
, * ref: of Fruit.

H E R E are three Senfes which have the Gift
of judging of the appearance of Maturity of
Fruit:, viz. Sight, Feeling for the molt part, and
Smelling for fome, but the Taft is the Only real judge,
as well of the Maturity as of the Goodnefs; tho“ it’s
fuﬂiciently known there are fome Fruits which are
neither good nor agreeable to the Palate, tho’ attu-
ally ripe.

The Eye" alone is fuﬁicient to judge all Red Fruits,
as Grapes, Cherries, Strawberries, Scc. when they are
all over painted with that ﬁne lively black or red Ca=
[our which are natural to them, which {hew them to
'be full ripe; or otherwife when one part of them‘
' Wants it, or appears green, it {hews them not to be.

at full Maturity : Feeling may fer‘ie very Well for all
tender mellow Peers. _

Sometimes borh Feeling and Sight will be req‘ui‘ﬁte,
as for 133:, Plumbr, Apricots, and Peaches, but it is
not a fair Colour that always denotes their Maturity ,-

' but when- they are gently _prefs’d, and come off with:
M; 2- eaﬁa’

 

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- ' ~ ﬁttwvﬁwwn'v-ﬁyrwi.

148 The Complete gard'nei';

I Vol ll

e afezand leave the Stalk ﬁxed to the Tree, it’s a good ‘

i
l
a
i

mark 'of their being ripe. Butas to Fig 3, they ought '

to be gather’d with the Stalks 0n them, for it adds to
the beauty of their Figure 5 as alfo for Cherries, Penn,
and Apply: to be gathet’d with their Stalks on, for it’s
an agreeable Ornament to them, and their being with-
out it wouldhe a deleét. "

As Sight and Feeling denote the Maturity of the
aforelhid' “my, lb linelling with Sight may be ad—

, mitted to others, as zl'lcllom, for after their Colour,

Stalk, and beautiful Figure being approv’d, it will be
very proper to liuell to them before they are cut, to
judge of their Maturity and Goodnel's, yet thofe that
have the belt Scent and Savour, are not always the
bell Frail.

Having thus explain’d all the outward appearances
of Maturity oi‘ the albremention’d Fruits, yet the
’i‘al’te mull decide the Point, for let the outward
.cldl‘lx‘S be never fo favourable, yet if the Fruit
don’t pleafe the Palate, the others are render’d ufe-
leiis'; But, as is laid before, Frail: are not all of an a-
gi'ecalile Goodnefs, that which pleafes ones Palate
may difpleale auorhers.

CHAP. v.‘

Of the Ctr/afar 0f the Forzuardneﬁ or Backwardmjfs
of Maturity in all warmer If Fruits, '

R li'l TS ripen boner or later, Firl’t, Accord-
ing as the Months of April and May are in Warm-
nels, or caufe the TIN: to bloﬁ‘om.

Secondly, According to what Expoﬁtion they are
plac’d, whether Ea/l, Tl’e/‘z’, or South, and particularly
what Climate they are planted in.

Fri/in that are knit betimes are ripe the fooneﬁ, and
thofe which are pluim‘t‘i on a Southern Expofure are

‘ foonet

vwm—w u»

FVol; II. V The Compltte Gard’mr. 149

fooner rjipe than thofe planted on Eel} or We/i, or on

; a Donor

or Standard, the Sun caﬁing a greater Re-

‘ ﬂexion upon them, than upon the others.

So likewife thofe planted in a lightEortb, and a
h0t Climate, are foonet ripe than thofe planted in a

i heavy wet Ground, or cold Climate.

But fuppofe two feveral Grounds of two different

' Natures, viz. one light and fandy Earth, and the o-

ther a heavy clayey Earth are to near one anorhet
and the Fruit: of each Ground placed to one Expoﬁti-
on equally alike, infomuch that the Reﬂexion ofthe
Sun can make no difference, yet thoie planted in the
light foil will ripen the fooneii. So that to have

’ Fruit: ripen early, is to plant them in a favourable Ex-
, pofure, in a hot Climate, and ma light iandy Earth 7,

all which/renders the Fruit to knit betimes, and confe‘
quently will arrive to Maturity fooner.

 

C H A P, VI.

Offome particular Remi'zr/cr (frilly/MEI} in every kind
of Fruit, and ﬁlﬂ 0f the Summer Fruits, which ri-
pen altogether upon the Tree.

0 TH Stone and Kernel Fruit ripen fooner upon
a ﬁckly Tree, than upon a found one, and are
commonly larger than thole on a vigorous 'I‘rm but'
that Largenefs is only a Swelling, or a kind oi‘Dtop
ﬁe, which is the reafon that the Pulp of thol‘e Frlmt
are larger than they {hould be, and is generally in—
ﬁpid or bitter. Poor/my that drop 01‘ tliei'iile1\*es
are commonly pail Maturity, and coniEquently
nought. .
Slimmer Peorr, as little Mtg/mu, SEC. the hill
Mark of their Maturity appears towards the Stalk,

which muﬂ‘, be a little yellowifli, and for a greater

M 2 Mari»:

\‘n . csjvwggwgrwuuwfuxn.{M ‘ r A .. i;

"t "77” Complete garner; “ “vain:

Mark full Maturity, that Yellownefs mull appeart
through a certain tann’d and red Colour which covers 2;
all the Rhind, and laﬁly, they mull begin to dopofi
themfelves, at which time it will be pr0per to gather '
and eat them.
‘ ’Tis not fo with fmall Peaches, or to early or late :
Purple Peaches, nor to Pewer, they being Fruity
which can hardly ever be too ripe, and are common- ‘
ly very good when they drop; infomuch that when ,,
they drop Without being fhook, it’s 'a good mark of”
their Maturity as well as Goodnefs. '

The feveral lorts of Summer Pear: which ripen in
Augie/2‘, as Cm]?! Mada/72:, Greg/r B/anquelr, skin/1%:
Peers, the Orange Pears, Summer B022»Cbretiem, C'ef
ﬁlers, Robins, Ralfﬂdﬁn, Sec. Their Maturity is known
either by their dropping, or not reﬁlling when they
are gathet’d, or elfe by a certain yellow Colour which
appears in the Rbind, efpecially near the Stalk.

Peaches are ﬁt to eat when gather’d and require no
Store-houfeS at. leaft to ripen them, for they never
ripen off the Tree, f0 that they muft not be gather’cl
befOre they are perfectly ripe, but a day or two of
Repofe in the Store-houfe, affords them a certain
Coolnefs which is (very proper for them, and that
which they can’t acquire upon the Tree.

 

 

CH AP. VII.

Of the Scitnation that irproper for the Fruits lbzzt are
‘ gazber‘a’, in order 101271127126 Ibemjoegze zjmze. '

, N order to preferve Summer Fruits for two or three ‘
Days, (’eipccially Peaches) they mull be laid either
in C loiets or Store-houfes, which mull be v'ery dry and
glean, and full of Shelves, the Windows being always
‘ ' Open,

 

Vol. II. W J The Complete Gardner. 151

open, Aunlefs it be in very cold Weather, you mull
lay a Finger thick of Mofs upon thofe Shelves, which
may ferve for a quilt, taking care that the Mots be
very dry,‘ and has no ill Scent, that every Peach fo
placed, may ﬁnk into the Mofs, and‘lye fofrly, with-
out being fqueez’d by any of the others, for as it is
with Mallow, fo it is with Peaches, that they eat
better after being gather’da day or two, and laid at a
diftance from the Sun, than juﬂ after their being ga-
ther’d, at which time they are lukewarm.

They mull be viﬁted carefully once a day, Ieaﬂ:
there lhould appear any ROttennefs, removing all
that are in the leaﬂ tainted, leaﬂ they lhould Ipoil
the others 5 but all this muﬂ: be done with a careful
and skilful Hand. _

Peaches' ought to be plac’d with that part down-
wards which the Stalk grows upon, for' fear of bruif-
ing them 5 and for Fig: they ought to be laid ﬁde~
rivays, left by bruiﬁng the Eye, they lofe their belt

uice.

Pear: may be plac’d with their Eye downwards, \.

' and the Stalk ﬁanding upright for fear of being broke,
Apples, if laid f0 carefully, may be plac’d either upon
the Eye or Stalk; but they may be laid only Upon
one anOther, ”till fuch time as they are at Maturity,
after which they ought to be plac’d in fome better
order, but beware of laying them upon ﬁzzy or Straw, ,
for that gives them an ill Scent. '

The belt way for Grape: is to hang them up in the
Air faﬁned to a Pack-thread, or about a Hoop, or ,
ﬁxed to fome Beam.

But if any Perfon is deﬁmus to preferve them ’till
February, March, or April, they mull: be gather’d
before they are perfeEtly ripe, otherwife they are
apt to rot too foon -, Care mull likewife be had once
in two or three Days to pick off all the torten ones
carefully. ',

. M 4 The

nrﬁyrrn‘wrwrrewwr ‘ w mwere:wwwwmwswvl ,

152. The Complete Gard’ne. . Vol.1l.‘ 7.‘

The greateft mark of Maturity in all manner of “it
Apples, commonly conﬁlis in their being wrinkled 5‘»
except the Apis or Ladies Ayala, which never wrina u
kels, but is known to be at amrity, by the green ,
Rhind turning all yellow.

With thefe Precautions Fruit may be eaﬁly preu-
fetv’d as long as it will lalt, nothing will hurt it but '
the Winter Froﬁs, which when it once enters them,
they retain no manner of Goodnel's, but immediately :
decay.

 

.C H A P. VIII;
0] the Trnﬂﬁortation 0f Fruits.

Eacher, Figs, Strawberries, Cherries, Rarberriee,

Sic. in order to their Tranfportation from one
place to another require Water Carriage, or the
Back or Arms of a Porter, for fear of‘jogging; but
more proper on their Heads, as our Fruiterers in Eng-
[and commonly do: But if they be Peaches, they
mull be laid upon that part which is ﬁxed to the
Stalk, without touching one an0ther, and be laid
upon a bed of Mofs or tender Leaves, laid pretty
thick, and wrapt up in Vim: Leaver, and fo order’d
. that they may not move out of their places. And in
cafe feveral Beds be laid one upon anorher, a good
leparation of Mois mufi be laid between them : Or a
reafonable quantity of Leaves -, and the whole wrapt
up with Cloth well fullned, in order to keep the
Basket clofe and in good order. For Fz'gr you mull
have Gives not above two inches deep, laying aBed of
Vine Leave: at the bottom, and place the ﬁg: ﬁde-
ways, wrapping them up ﬁrl’t afunder, one in 21 Leaf,
taking care to order them f0 well, and f0 neatly clofe
to one anorher, that their tranfportation may up;

2 Vol. XL The Complete Gard’ner. ; 5 3‘

be able to remove them 5 and never to lay one on the
the top of anorher.

This Bed being made, it mult be cover’d with
Leaves, and next with 21 Sheet of Paper, neatly ﬁx’d
about the Sive with fmall Pack-thread, in order to
keep the Fruit clofe.

Good Plumb: being laid up without any Ceremony,
may be put up in any Basket, with Leaves at the bot-
tom of it -, the top mui’c be cover’d alfo with Leaves
and afterwards with Paper, tying it clofe up as the
fbnnen . a

Common Plumb: may be tranfported in great Bas~
kets, only putting Leaves at the top and bottom.

Apricom ought to have the fame care us’d about
them as Peaches.

Strawberrie: may be put into Baskets made on pur-
pofe for them, laying Leaves at the hortom, and
Rolling Leaves round the ﬁdes, covering them with a
wet Litiuen Cloth. '

Grapes may he carried the fame way as Peaches.

In order to traniport our principal Flu/7:, if not a.
above a days Journey, 3 large fquare Basket may be
made clofe of Oﬂer or Willow, divided into feveral
Stories on the inﬁde, in the manner of a Prefs; this
may open ﬁdeways like a Prefs, or on the top, and
then having our Sives ready ack’d up, they may be
put into this large Basket, p acing the lowermoli Sto-
ry ﬁrﬂ, and then the uppermol’t.

If this Basket is not very clofe, there ought to be
a Cloth, or fome fort of Covering thrown over it,

- to keep the Fruit from Dull.

There may be a fmall Padlock ﬁx’d to the door of
this Basket, with two Keys to it, the one for the Pet‘
fons to whom the Fruit is fent, and the other for him

. that feuds it, by which means the Fruit may be fent

fafe. .
C H A P.

154 The CompleteGard’ner. I 1" Vol}! ‘

   

. C H A P. IX.
0f the Store-bolder or Conﬁrvatoz‘ie: for Fruits. i

S the Care and Skill of our Culture has yeilde

us a fulﬁcient quantity of each kind, both of?
Autumn and Winter-Fruits, and that which is agreeai
ble horh in Goodnefs and Beauty -, it follows, that we.
make fome Proviﬁon whereby to preferve them as:
long as each kind may continue in Maturity : Which!
may be done in obferving thefe following Conditi-«r
ons.

Firﬂ‘, To ei’tabliih a good Store-houfe free from:
Froﬁs, which are a great Enemy to Fruits.

Secondly, that this Store-houfe mui’r be expos’d to:
the 80112") or Eaﬂ, or at leaﬂ to the Well Sun, the:
Number): Expoﬁtion being perniciOus to it.

Thitdly, That the Wall: of the Store-houfe ihouldi.
he at leaﬁ twenty four Inches thick, ,otherwife'the:
Frol’t cannor be kept out.

Fourrhly, That the W indows, beﬁgle the common "
(barrels, ihould have good double Paper Saches, ve-
ry clofe, and well fiopt, together with a double Door,
infomuch that the cold Air may nor be able to enter r
in -, for the leali froily Air that may be will certain-
ly caufe great Diforder, So that we cannot be too:
careful in this matter. But as the Frol’t is pernicious»:
in'this Storehoufe, fo likewife Fire will caufe a Dif-'
order ,7 1'0 that there muﬁ he a double care to keep:
Cut the one without the other.

At this time it will be very requiﬁte conﬁantly to:
keep iome Watt." in an Earthen Vellel in our Store-
houi'e, to give us certain notice whether or no the ;:
Froll approaches us. It will likewife be of no lefs;
riﬂe to us, to have a good Weather Glafs of the feverall
Degrees of Herr and Cold, plac’d on the outﬁde off
the Div-thew; Expollrre, to give us a timely Precauti--

on r

Rich If _ The Complete Gard'ner. 155
ion of the-approzichof the Fro/i; and when it conti~
”11168 for tWONightS regether at the ﬁfth or ﬁxth,
sand even at the feVenth or eighth Degrees, tho’ the
midi Night may have done no harm, the fecond is
imuch to be feared, and therefore the next Day we
imuﬁ ufe all the careful means we can to fecure it
I with Quilts or Blanquets, or elfe a great deal of dry
EMofs to fecure our Fruit: from perifhing.

But if it freezes f0 violent, as that we are expos’d
ito danger, and having a good Celler, it will be very
imaterial to remove them into it, ”till fuch times as
' the violent fig/h are over. ,,

In all fuch afes care mull be taken to replace them
: all in the fame order they were in before in the Store-
houfe, and as foon as the Weather grows better, to

remove fuch as are ripe 0r tainted, Rottennefs being
the worl’t Accident that’s to be fear’d.

Having made a Proviﬁon againll Cold, we muﬂ:
alfo preferve our Fruits from all ill Taﬁes, as the
neighbourhood of Hay, Straw, Dang, Chen/e, foul
Lime” efpecially that which has been us’d in the
Kitchen, all which are very dangerous, and mull not
in the leaﬂ be fulfer’d near our Store-home, or Con-
fervatory. A certain mul’ty Talie, together with the
Smell of Fruit: that have been laid up long together,
is likewife very difagreeable. And therefore,

Fifthly, The Store-houfe muﬁ not only have good
Overtures, a high Ceiling, the height of which ‘is
to be from ten to twelve Foor high, but the W ini
dows muﬂ be often kept open, that is when there is
no fear of Cold, either in the Night or in the Day;
becaufe frelh Air from without, when it is tempe-
rate, is incomparable to purine and re-eﬁablifh that
which has been long 'inclos’d.

‘ Sixthly, That neither a Cellar nor a Garret are ﬁt
to make this Conﬁrvatory, the Cellar a fort of
muﬁinefs, and moiﬂ Heat effuﬁng from it, which in-
clines the Fruit to Rottennefs ~, and the Garret, becauf?
0

 

   

156 . The (carpet: gard'ner. Vol. II. ~.
of the Cold which eaﬁly penetrates the Roof 5 and _
therefore 2 Ground Room is hell, or at leaﬂ a ﬁrﬁ:
Story, accompanied with orber Lodging Rooms over .
- and under it, as well as on the Sides. '

Seventhly, this Stor‘e-houfe requires many Shelves
fram’d together, in order to lodge the Fruit: feparate
one from anorher, the {well on the bell ﬁde, and
baking Pear: and others on the wotfi; the difiance of
thefe Shelves is to be nine or ten Inches afunder, and
about feventeen or eighteen Inches broad, that they
may hold the more, and pleafe the ﬁght the better.

Eighthly, Thele Shelves lhould be a little ﬂoping
outwardly, about an lnch in the Breadth, with an
Edge upon the outﬁde about two Fingers high, to hin-
der the Fruit: from ﬁlling-’ the Fruity being not f0
much in ﬁght when the Shelves are level: And when
any of them are rotten, it‘s not fo eaﬁly perceiv’d,
and that ROttennefs commonly communicates it felf'
to thoie that are about it, unlefs remedied at ﬁrf’t.

Ninthly, That for fear of this Rottennefs, every
Shelf {hould be viiited every other Day without fail,
.to remove whatever may be taint-ed.

Tenrhly, that the Shelves {hould be cover’d with
fomething, as dry Mofs, 0r ﬁne Sand, of about an
Inch thick, in order to keep every Fruit Ready after
it’s plac’d as it ihould be, and to keep them afunder;
for the Print: mull in no wife he allow‘d to touch
each Other.

It’s much pleafanter to fee them all in a row upon
their Baﬁs, than to" lye confhs’d and irregular.

Eleventhly, and lalily, That care be taken to fweep
our ganja-rainy or Store-houfe often, to fuﬁEr no
Cobwebs in it, and to keep T2121): for R512: and Mice;
and it will not be amifs to allow fome fecret entrance
for Ctr/5, orherwife the Fruit will be in danger of be-
ing gniwn by there pernicious little domeﬁick Ani-
mals. ’

The

lilo],- ll. The Complete Gard’ner.‘ .1 57'

The Confervatory which is particularly delign’d ‘
for Winter-fruits, is likewife very ufeful for thol‘e of '
Autumn, either Pears or Grapes; and for Summer"
fruits, either Peaches, Pavia“, Brngnions, Plumbs, 81c.-

. thefe, as has been already faid, are much better a day
after their being gathetid, than the very day, becaufe
they acquire a certain Coolnefs in the Store-houfe,
which is a great lmproVement to them, which they can
never have while they are upon theTr‘ee. , .

p The Vert Longs, Butter Pears, Vine Pears, Meﬂiér
johns, green Sugar Pears, &c. after thefe the Petit
Oins, Lanﬁtcs, Marcbianzﬂes, Bergamots, and Anza-
dots, the Bcﬁdt’yy, and the thick Stalks, 8m. are the
ﬁrf’t that pafs during the Month of November. The
Thumb (as is already faid, for the Butter Pears, Var:
Longues, green Sugar Pears, and others which have
begun to ripen in 027012”) denotes the time of their
Maturity 3 as likewife the Petit Oins, Mercbiomyfes,
Ruﬂétins, Lanfacs, tic. they being melting Pears. A
whitifh Colour which forms it felf in the Maﬁa)“ ~79134772,
a yellow Call in the Amndots, thick Stalks, Beﬂ-
driesﬁtc. and a Moil’ture upon the Rbind of the Barga-
nzots, together with a little Yellownefs which difcovers
it felf upon them, all thefe are certain Signs Which in-
form us, without the help of the Thumb, of the Matu-
rity of thofe ﬁve laft kinds of Fruits, with examining
and reviewing conﬁantly, or at leal’t every other day :
This Reviewing mull be continued for the following
Months for all orher Fruits; and in Reviewing re-
move fuch as begin to rot. , ‘

The Louifc Bonne, Winter Thorns, Ambrets, La
qu/feries, St. Germains, Virgoulsss, dry Martins, and
Spaniﬂ) Bon-Cbrctiens, with the Fenonil/et, and Autumn
Calvil Appls, and fome Panza d’ Apees, and Rainer.
tees, Sic. all thefe kinds of Fruit ripen at the begin-
ing of December, and a little Yellownefs, together
with fome Wrinkles, difcovers it felf upon the ﬁx ﬁrﬂ,
by which we may judge, in cafe they do not reﬁll the

Thumb,

l qg»'V‘KxK‘VP gnu“ .

153 The Complete Gard’ner. V 1. ll. i
ﬁ Thumb, that they are ﬁt to eat, but ’till then we‘ r
‘ ‘ muff not venture to meddle with them: In cutting}

them the Knife will foon difcover their want of Ripe- -‘

hefs. Thofe kinds of Pear: are very fubjeét to foften, ,.
and thereby are certainly apt to deceive thofe who do it
not ﬁriElly examine them every Day.

As to dry Martins, Spa/ziﬂ) bon-Cbreriem, and Por-
taz'ls, as icon as ever there appears the leaﬁ Spot of '
Rottenneis upon them, their time is come, and they '
are foon threatned with Rottennefs, but With this .
AdVantage, that they remain a pretty While in the r
Rate of perfeéi Maturity.

The mom/m or Reinettee declare their Maturity -
as foon as they become extreamly wrinkled. The '
Apis declare theirs when their green Colour turns to A
yellow.

The Calvillr feem to become lighter, and their '
Kernel: loofen, and rattle in (baking when they ri—
pen, they become yellow without wrinkling, which
are admirable Qualiﬁcations in thofe‘ Kinds omeit.

$uch Fruits as have reﬁlled the Thumb in Decem-
bar, will yield to it in their turns in the Mouths of
fzmzmry and February, but when the Winter Thom:
are not able to change their Colour a little in thofe

Months, they become mealy and inﬁpid, and perilh

Without attaining a perfeE’c Maturity, which is a 10s

torhe curious, ﬁnce it is one of our beﬁ Pears.

The Loni]? Bonner, and the long green Pears of Sap
tember and 02701257, feldom grow yellow, but they
wrinkle and become foft, mellow, and agreeable to

‘ the Touch. .

Many Ambrers {often before they grow yellow,
efpecially upon thofe Trees grafted upon free Stocks,
that are too full, therefore they require Sugar to cor-
r’eﬂ their Talie, which is not to good as it fhould be,
tho’ they be f0 very full of Liquor. The large Win-
fer ﬂint/lets, and the Portai/ PM: do neither of them
yeild to the Thm‘n‘b; but the Yellownefs of the ﬁrf’:i

an '

   

s

 

”lVol. ll. The Complete Gard'ner. , » :59
atand a few Wrinkles, or Tome Rorennels in the fe- ,
,Irzond, invite us to make lift: of their Goodnefs what-
»:ever it “be. \

A cheif thing to be obferv’d in ordering of the
ulFruit: in the Storehoufe or Confervatory, is to place
:every Kind upon different Shelves, or if feveral forts
lzupon one Shelf, to diﬁinguifh them by Divilions of \
Edges: aud not only f0, but to make a diﬂinétion of
lFruitr of one Kind. AS,

Firl’t, To place thofe that are ﬁallen before their
.iTime by themlelves, out of Sight, they feldom‘
looking well becaufe of their being mireh wrinkled,
- .fome more and others lefs, according to their'drop-
uping fooner or later, but they ripen at laf’t, tho’ it
- be pretty long after others of their Kind, and pretty
:often they are incomparably good, efpecially when
:their Fall does nor exceed above a Month before the
ztime of the common gathering. ‘

Secondly, Thofe growing upon Dwarf-Standard:
“mul’t be laid apart, as well as thofe of good Eﬂm/ierr,
.. :or good l’le/L

The ﬂame Method ought to be folloWed for the
- Traits of high Standards, and the fame for the Fruit:
;of Northern Efpalierr, by reafon that regularly the
Fruit: of good E/pzzlierr, and lVal/s ripen ﬁrll', thoﬁi‘
<;of vigorous Dwarfr follow them, thofe of Dwarf:
grafted upon Quince Stocks precede thofe that are
qgrafted upon free~$tockr, and more of inﬁrm Tree:
_ gp‘recede both the one and the other.

The Fruit: of high Standards fucceed and often
mix with thefe, and are the belt of all, excepting only
Plumb: and Figs. The Fruit: of the Norther: Expofure
zripen lall of all; ‘

“ The Author here prefers the Fruit of good Ef
“ palier: and high Standard: to thofe of Walls, but
“ the Climate in England being f0 much colder than
“ that of Var/42716:, the hazard will be too great
ff for a Gentleman to depend upon any of the Win“

“ m"

a 60 The Complete Gard’nerZ Vol. Ila'
“ Mr Pear: for high Standards, notwithl’tanding in
“ a favourable Year iome Winter Peary, as the Am. '
“ dot: and orher dry Pears, eat better from a high
“ Standard than from a Wall.

Mmer-Ban-Cbertiem and Colman let all other Pear:

afs before them, and in the mean time the others
aegin to turn yellow and ripen, and to wrinkle a lit-
tle towards the Stalk.

When the Bon-Cbretim is perfeElly ripe, the Pulp ~~
is almoll melting, and when not, it remains very
{iony -, lbme of them will keep till Marci) and April ;
the Bugyr, St. Leeim, and Martin Secs joyn With
thol'e‘; the Bug}: in March and April are very de-
licious, with their tender watery Pulp, tho’ a little
fowrilh. The St. Lezim with their ﬁrm Pulp, ac-
compained with a little Perfume, .alfo make fome F i—~
gure, but it’s very difﬁcult to preferve them, becaufe‘
the leaﬂ touch of Cold blackens them entirely, and
renders them odious to ﬁght, as well as dilagreeable
to the Palate. , .

As for baking Pears, they are good at all times
for the end they are defign’d for, particularly when
they, begin to grow yellow ; with this Provifo, that
all fuch as are tainted with Rottennefs mull be laid
aﬁde. leli they lhould infec‘l thofe that are found :
And thus the Framk Real, and the Carmelita, and ef-
pecially the Double blojfom’d, which are the bell of
thofe that are only ﬁt to bake: The Angober and
Catillae‘r may chance to acquire fome Go'odnefs, be-
ing feafon’d with Sugar, and the heat of the Fire; but
they {till retain a touch of Tartnefs, which can never
agree with nice Palats.

Autumn Calvils and Reim’tr are admirable for pre‘
ferving -, the Fcnouillets are not f0 good, by reafon of
their Sweetnefs; but the ﬁrll have a kind of Brisk-
nels, which gives them an incomparable TalieC. H A P’

 
   

h V “WWW'V- . a p

C H A P. X.
._ 0f the Difezyer cf Fruit-Trees. ‘

igFRuiLTree: are fubjeﬂ to Certain Inﬁrmitie‘s that
I. dei’troy them, Which We may Very well term Di.
itempers; Yellow Leaves our of Seafons, new ébootr‘
:growing black, and dying on their Extremities in the
lMonths of Auguﬂxand September; Fruit: remaining
L‘fmall, or dropping ofF themfelves; which Dif’tem-
pere are f0 many {peaking Sym toms of the Indiipo:
ﬁtion of the Foot. Among the e Inﬁrmities there are
Tfome that may be cured with the aﬂiﬂance of time
Remedies, and Others which hitherto appear incurable,
iince whatever can be done to them has i’till prov’d in-
:efl‘eaual.

In order, not to omit any thing relating to thoi'e Ac:-
cidents which our Tree: are liable to, without inclu-
ding fuch as proceed from too long Wounds of great
Heat, of great Cold, and Storms, of Whirlwinds
Hails, fie. _

In the ﬁtli Place, there are Dii’tempers common to
all Tree: in general.

Secondly, There are fome that are peculiar to evea
Iy particular Kind. \ 0‘
, The common Diﬂempers conﬁli either in a defeé‘t of
Wigour which makes the Tree: appear in a langulhing‘
Condition, or elfe they are Srorm’d by large white
Worms, which are fometimes form’d in the Earth,
and there gnaw the Rear, or the Bark of the neigh-
h‘ring Stem: Thefe mifchievous little Infecis, which
we call‘Tom, by degrees caufe f0 great a diforder,
that the Tree which is artack’d by them, and had 'als
ways appear’d vigorous bciOre, all on a liidden dies
without any Remedy. ,

The peculiar Dil’tempers in Pear-Trees" 'againﬂ:
Walls, are when their 1.6412165 are attack’d with what:

. r we

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‘ we call Tigers, Cookers, and Scab: in other Pear-Tree: t
1222. Robins,fmoll MIf/c‘adiﬂcs, 8tc. Gum on Stone-fruit- '~
Trees, efpecially Peach-Trees, which commonly der-
ﬂroys that part on which it ﬁxes,either Branch or Stem, s
and when unfortunately it attacks that part where:
the Tree is grafted which is often hid under the:
Ground, it fpreads round about that graft, without :
any bodies obferving it, for the Tree, \I’till continues;
in a good Condition while there remains any paffage:
for the Sop; but ﬁnally this Gum hind’ring the Sept

from tiling to the upper parts of the Tree makes that :
Tree die fuddenly.

Moreover fome Po’dCb-T7‘66’S are alfo attack’d with
Emets, and a fmall kind of green Flew, which fome~
times fallen on the young Shoot:, and hinder them ,i
from thriving, fometimes on the new Leaves, and
caufe them ﬁrﬁ to fhrink, next to dry and fall: We :
have likewife JVorIb- eoﬂ Winds which blaﬁ, in fome :

‘ Springs wither, and as it were burn all the new '
Shoots, infomuch that the Trees on which this unluc‘
ky Inﬂuence lights appears dead, while others about
them are green full of fine Leaves, and continue to
protiuce ﬁne Shoots; Beﬁdes the molt vigorous Tree:
are fubjeé’c to have the end or their new Shoots intire-
1y cut off by a little black round lnfeéi, called Butter
cutter.

Fig Tree: dread the great Colds of the Winter,
which are capable of freezing their whole Head, un-
lefs they be extremely wellcover’d.

They are likewife fubieé‘t in that Winter Seafon to
have the lower part of ~their Stem: gnaw’d by Rats
and Melon, or Garden Mite, which make them pine
and die.

Thofe very Animals, together with Lairer, Ear.
wigs, and Snails, likewife fpoil the Fruit: on the
Trees,‘when they approach to Maturity, efpecially
Peoeber and P11021173.

Gotyeoerries have likewife their peculiar Enenltliei

- w 1c

 

V .

. »mv4cwwtwt'ww w

i VOL [L T be Complete Gard’nerl t6;

which are a kind of fmall green caterpillars, which *
form themfelves towards the Months of May, and;
fune, on the back part of their Leaves, and eat theni

- to that degree, that thofe little Shrubs; remain alto-
gether bear, and their Fruit being expofed to the
great Heats of the Sun, is deﬂroyed without being
able to ripen. . '

Strawberry—plants in the Prime of their Youth, and
Vigour, are as it were treacheroully attack’d in their
vlery Root: by thofe wicked Tom which deliroy‘

t em.

“‘ The Author here makes mention of the Tillage,
“ and bringing into order the feveral forts of defeE’cive
“ Earth, but fince he has treated of it heretofore, we

‘ “ refer you to the ﬁrli part, where he treats more
f‘ largely upon it.
When there is nor Mould enough, it mul’t be auga-
: mented either about the Roots, removing all the ill
, Mould, to put better in the room of it, or elfe by
- laying new Mould, over the Surface of it. The Mould
: being thus amended, without doubt the Tree: will
thrive better in it, and grow more vigorous.

When the Diﬁemper is only viﬁble by a certain

" Yellownefs 5 as for Example, Pear: grafted upon

. Quinceﬂoekr, in certain Grounds always grow yel-
low, tho’ the Ground feems to be pretty good 5 it is

. a good and certain Advertifement to remOve them,
and to place Others in their room on Free-ﬂock: which
are much more vigorous, and agree better in an in; '
different Soil than Others.

When Peaches grafted upon Almondﬂoekr caﬁ too

, much Gum in moil’t Grounds, others mull be planted
upon Plumb-ﬂocks, and when they do not thrive upon
Plumbﬂoekr in fandy Ground -, only fuch mull be pan;

; ted there as are on Almond or Peach-ﬂocks“.-

If the Tree appears over butthen’d with Brazzeber,
fo as Only to (hoot very fmall ones, it mul’t be eas’d
until it begins to prodncglﬁne Sham, by lowCrin g

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~the uppermoﬂBrarzeber, or by removing part of thofe
which caufe a Confuﬁon in the middle. ‘ ’

i ' ' When the Diﬂemper proceeds from the Tree being
‘illocondition’d before it Was planted, from its having

a fcabby, poor Feet, half dead for want, or from its
being to weak, the beﬁ way is to pull it up, and to
plant a better in the room.

If the Tree, being good of it’s felf, has been planted
too deep or too ihallow, or with too many Roots,
the bell expedient is to take it up again, prune the
Roots anew, replant it according to the Rules of '
Art.

And to all thefe ends it is very neceiTary to keep
always fome dOZens of good Tree: in Baskets,to place
new ones ready grown in the room of fuch as mul’t be
remov’d.

When the Trees are attack’d with fome Canker:,you
mult with the point of the Knife, remove the part fo
tainted to the Quick, and then apply a little Cow-

. Dung to it, covering it with a piece of Linnen: a

kind of sz'm! will grow over it, which will cover the
Wound and f0 that Accident will be cur’d.

' When Carerpillers annoy a Tree, care muli be ta-
ken to remove them.

W hen Rats gnaw the Bark, Snares and Traps muﬁ
be laid for them.

When the Diﬂemper is fuppos’d to proceed from
Tm, the Poor of the Tree muﬁ be uncover’d to ex.
tirpate‘them abfolutely, putting new Mould in the
room of the old, after having fhortned the Root: that

' are gnawn.

|
l

' Among the incurable Diliempers, the ﬁrlt is old
Age ; for when a Pear or Plumb Tree has ferv’d for
Thirty, Forty, or Fifty Years, we may conclude that
it has per'i’orm‘d its part, and there’s no hopes of a

» Return, fo that it mull betaken out, nor leaving
anyot ltS Ram in the Ground, putting new Mould

into

  
   

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lVol. ll. *Tbefamplete'Gard’mr.‘ :6;
”Into the room of it, in order to plant new Tree’s.
:there. - »
Secondly, Another incurable diﬂemper is Tygerr,
wwhich ﬂick to the back of the Leaves of Well Pear
‘JTrees, and dry them up, by fucking all the green
lMatte'r that was_ in them}

The Author has tryed feveral Experiments for the
:dei’troying of thefe Tyger: as imploying all manner
\of ﬂrong, fweet, corroﬁve, {linking Lees, viz. of
Ilee, Tobacco, Salt, Vinegar, arc. to walh the Leaves
and Branches, as alfo 011 5 he has likewife fmoak’d
‘them with Brimﬂone, burnt old Leaves, _fcrap’d the ,
Back of the Brancbe: and Stem, to which they Rick 5.
he has dayly endeavour’d to ﬁnd out fome new Ex- _
pedient, and after all, never fucceeded in any 9?
them : There I’till remains fome of the Seed of that
:curfed Infeé’c in fome part or orher -, and in the
iMonths of May and fume this Seed is harch’d by the
heat of the Sun, and then multiplies inﬁnitely : And;
therefore one of thefe two things mui’t be done, either '
no Pear: mull be fuﬂbred ,againﬁ a Wall, or in a Ef-
pelier, or elfe we mull refolve to fee thofe Tygers up-
on them, contenting out {elves withburning all the
Leaves yearly, and with cleanﬁng the Trees, as much
as is pofﬁble. »-

T hirdly, Gum is an incurable Diﬂemper, which
'faf’rens to the Peach Trees, and other Stone-ﬁrms.
When itionly appears on the Brand) ’tis no great
‘matter ; ’tis but cutting the faid Branch two or_ three,
Inches below the part fo diﬂemper’d, where this
Gangreen is hindefd from exrending farther, as it
would infallibly do, if it {luck about the Bad or Gmﬂ,
or all—over the Stem, or on molt of the Rent: —, and'
then the fole expedient is to lool‘e no more time
about it, and confequently to remove their a Tree out
of the Ground in the manner aforefaid.

A Wound fometimes proceeds from an external

Accident; for Inﬂance, from a Wound which has
N 3 been

i "”775: ~ 3’ 7r 6 Wm‘wwﬁ"‘mm§ri‘ “at; H . ﬂ

 

 
 

' 176:6 \ x The Completegard’mr" Vol.. II :-

heen made by (way of Incifion, by a Scrach 5 andi
fometimes from an evil inward Indifpoﬁtion ; that—3
Gz‘m; is nothin but a fpurted Sap, which is fubjeéi: to :
. Corruption an Rortennefs, from the time it ceafes';a
to be inclos’d in its ordinary Channels which lie be- _.
tween the Wood and the Bark -, in that cafe the Re- .
medy is eaﬁe, efpecially, when it happens only on a:
Branch, as is already declar’d in the preceeding Arti- -
cle. When the Dillemper 35696 the Stem, it often 5
cures it felf bya Knob, or a continuation of new Bark, :
‘ which extends over the Bark fo wounded. Some-1
times it is neceﬁary to apply a Plaiﬁer of Cow Dung ;
overit, cover’d with a piece of Linncn until the Wound
be clos’d: When the Gun: proceeds from the infide“
it’s incurable on the Stem or Roots.
‘9 The Author treats much of heat Cow Dung, as
“ a Plailler for all wounded Trees; but we have found
“ by Experience, that Cow or Horfes Dung mixt:
“ with Loam made up like grafting Earth, and workt'
»‘" up with a little Tallow like Palie is of much bet.
“ ter Nature for the healing of Wounds in all man-
“ net of Trees.

-, *‘N‘WWWW"*‘7‘W3‘3‘mR‘ﬁ-53K‘ﬁwﬁﬁa

   

I

CH A P. XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV;

. HE Author in thefe ﬁve Chapters has made
a long and tedious Difcourfe, vzz. of Graﬁr,
of the kinds that are-in ufe, of the proper Times
to Graft, of the manner of performing all manner of
Grafts, and which are the Stock, that have natural
difpoﬁtion to receive fome Kinds of Fruits,’ and no
other : All which may be reduc’d into thei'e ﬁve ge
neral Heads. ’

Firi’r, Of Graﬂr.
Secondly, The Kinds that are in ufe.
‘ ’ ‘ ' ' Thirdly:

4 ._ ,WﬁﬁWﬂWYW‘EER’f-W""" , ' ' “V

’Vol. 1|. The Complete Gardner;~ II 6? I

Thirdly, The proper Times to‘ graft and inoculate.

Fourthly, The manner of Performing all manner
3 of Grafts.

Fifthly, The Stock: that are proper for each Kind
5 of Fruit.

Firff, OfGraftr;
“ Inoculating is one Kind of Grafting; and accorl
i “ dingly our Author has given it the trueTerm, by
“ calling it Grafting; but if we lhould term it fo in
“ End-land, it would not be fo well underﬂood, not
’ “ being a Phrafe us’d in England; and therefore it be-
’ “ ing perform’d at a different Seafon from the feve-
“ “ ral other Kinds ofGraﬁing, and that it may appear
" “ eaﬁe to all People, we have given it the ufual ,
‘ “ Termination in England of Budding or Inacnla-_
“ tin .
Secondly, The Kinds of Graft: that are molt us’d ‘
» in England, are thefe three, viz.
Shoulder Grafting, or Grafting in the Rhind. Stack
. or Slit Grafting or Graﬁing in the C/zﬂi And Tongue
or Whip Grafting.
. ‘ Shoulder Grafiing or Grafting in the Rhind, is that
which is proper only for large Trees.

Stock or Slit Grafting, is that which is proper for
Tree: or Stock: of a leli‘er SiZe, from an Inch or more,
or two Inches Diameter. And,

Tongue or Whip Grafting, is proper fmall Stat/hr,

. of an Inch, half an Inch, or lefs Diameter; this lafi
is the molt eﬂeétual of any, and that which is molt
us’d. . '

Thirdly, for the proper Times to Graft; it’s im-
pofﬁble to give any certain DireEiions for it, becaufe
of the variablenefs of Seafons, but theufual Times
we graft in, in England, is in the Month of March,
and fometimes at the end of February, according as
the Seafon is early or latter. But the main Rule that
we generally go by, isbe the Afcenﬁon of the Sap,

4.

no

a

l

p when

   

  

m

i t, 163 The Complete Gardiner; Vol; ll

when it begins to afcend from the Root into the Bran»
dies, for the Graft being apply’d it receives all it’s '
due nourilhment of Sap from the Root in it’s Afcen— _
ﬁon. \ .

The proper time for Inoculatiag or. Budding, is like-
wife according as the Seafons happens, it being early
or late 5 but the ufual time for Sroaeofmit, as Peaches,
Apricots, and Plumb: that are budded on Plumb-ﬂocks,
is in feel}, and l'ometimes at the end of freeze, efpeci?
ally if the Seafon be early, and the Ground moiﬁ.
As for Fears, the ufual time of Budding or [emulating
is in Anguﬂ. - ' '

Note that Peaebe: that are budded upon Peaeb or Al-
mond Stocks, are commonly hudded in Augaﬂ, or the
beginning of September becaule the Sap continues long—
er in thofe ﬂack: than Plamln.

Fourthlgt, The manner of Performing the feveral
Kinds ofGraftr, is a Work that is become f0 frequent
in England, efpecially in this Age, that it is altogether
needlefs to explain the manner of performing the fe-
veral forts of Graftr, ﬁnce there are few Gard’ners
but what are capable of doing it ; and y'alfo what-can
be faid may be comprehended in this: That there
mull be a great care us’d to make the Graft and the
Stock ﬁt clol‘e to each other, and that borh the sz'zzdr
may touch each other as much as is pofﬁble; which is
to he compﬁ'ﬁ’d by a. good Knife, and :1 Ready Hand.

Fifthly, the Stocks that are proper {0: each Kind
of Fruit are as follows. i

For Apricot: and Plzembr, the. feveral forts ofP/zmzb—
Suckers, or thofe which are rais’d from the Stone, ex~
gepting the Suckers of Dam 0m. \

For 1361377785, Pavia, and Bruglziom, the Tree: 02.
Stock: that are rais’d from the Stones of the fevetal
Sorts of their Kind, together with Almond ﬂock, and
the Suckers of Mufc/e Plumb Trees, and Pear Plumbr,
viz, ofthofe Tree: that were never graﬁed,

.» ﬁffww

     

For

I Vol. ll. The Complete Gard'ne'r; ' :69:
‘ For Pears and Median, Quinta, and the Trees or
Stocks that are rais’d from the feveral forts of Peers.

For Apples, the Trees that are rais3d from the fe-
veral forts of Kernels of their kinds.

- For Cherries, the Stocks that are rais’d from the
common Wild black Cherries. «

   

 

C H A P. XVI.
‘ 0f Nurfcries and Seminaries.

[1 R Nmferies, requires good eafie Soil, or
-0 Ground, well till’d having at leal’t two Foot and
a halfvdepth, the Trees mull be plac’d in Rows at
three Foot diliance, according to the largnels of the
Trees. and at at Foot andahalf, or two, or three Foot
diﬁance one from another, according to the Propor-
tion of the Sizes.

“ Here the Author recommends the Suckers or
“ Wildings ofCrabs and Pears out of the Woods to
“ graft upon; but we ﬁnd in England, that thofe
“ rais’d from the Kernels of each fucceed belt, becaufe
“ they are not 10 apt to run to Suckers, and {pawn
“ out f0 extreamly. . '

Firﬂ, For Pears, plant Wildings of Peer: grown
from Kernels, as alfo Quince Stocks, which mull be
well condition‘d both as to the Root and Stem.

Secondly, For Apple Tree Seminaries, plant the
Wildin 3 grown from the Kernels of their Kind, or,
rathder tabs, in the fame order as is before menti-
on’ .

'. Thirdly, For a Seminary ofPlnmbs, plant the Suck-
ers of their feveral kinds, only excepting the wild
Dane/0m.

Fourthly, For good Seminaries, of Peaches plant the
Suckers of St. falyam and black Damask, and black
Mufcl: and Peer Plzzmbs, obfcrving as is already menn

tion’d,

.. . ’1M—‘"Wf~'"l’”twu=v:«w-‘e‘rwr-r? raw-N" -e "ttinf’aiﬁl‘ﬁwwimﬁ”? -~"< " '

 

       

WWMWW * saw, ,- w '

1 70 The Complete Gard’ner. Volt II.

tion’d, to Plant the Suckers of th‘ofe kinds which
were-never grafted, otherwife it will be the fame as '
to plant of any other forts ofPlumbr, plant alfo Peach ,
and Almond Kernels, for a Seminar of them.

The reﬁ of this Chapter is on y a deﬁnition of .
what has been already mention’d in the foregoing
Chapter; only for Fig: and Vine: they are to be plan-
ted in a Nurfery manner, but a greater dii’tance,
and increafed by Layers or Suckers.

 

___w

_ :C H A P. XVII.
0f the Jiﬂerent manner (3/ Lattice: ur’cI to Pallifade.

UR Garden Walls ought to be plaﬁer’d, to
‘ ﬂop all the holes againlt Rats, Snails, Ear-
wigs, and other Vermine, which deliroy the belt of '
the Fruit, which being done, you may bend or pal-
Iifade the Branches to form the Figure of the Tree
as you pleafe, by tacking them with {hreads of Sheep '
, Skin, or Shammy, or Lil’ts of Cloth, lefs than half
a Finger’s Breadth, and 3 Finger long: This fort of
pallifading is very agreeable, but very tedious; thefe
Shreds may laﬁ a Year or two, but the only Objeéti-
on againﬂ them is, that fometimes Earwigs {helter in
thém in the day time, and come out at night to in-
jure the Trees, and therefore form: not liking thefe
Shreads do ﬁx Spikes from [pace to fpace in-
to the Walls ﬂicking out about two Inches to
faﬂen Laths or Poles to them , others make a
Lattice of Poles fupported by Horfe Bones or thofe of
‘ 0xen, ﬁx into the Wall, to which they faﬁen
the Branches of their Trees, others ﬁx abundance
of Sheeps Barres into the Walls, at a fmall dili-
ance in a {iraight Line, binding every Branch of
the Tree to one of thefe Bones: Some make themf
o

W‘WMW'WVW wow r: i V", ,7.“
A . , l . ,I

Vol. II. The Complete Gard’ner.’ \ 171

of Laths nail’d chequer-wife, every 1' ace being about
twelve Inches, thel‘e they ﬁx to the alls with Nails
or Hooks, and is a very retty good Expedient, but

never looks Gentile nor andfom.

' Some for Cheapnels ufe Brafs or Iron Wire ﬂip-
ported by ﬁat headed Nails ~, Others have been content
only with ﬁraight Lines of Wire, either longwife or
crofs—wife : Thefe two lal’t, tho’ neat, are not good,
being to weak and apt to gaul the tender Branches and.
thereby occaﬁons Gum, to the ruin of the Trees.

After all, the molt convenienfand molt noble. is a
Lattice of quarter’d Wood, or Heart of Oak, every
Pole being about an Inch fquare, and free from Knots,
and well plain’d. , .

You mul’t have Iron Hooks of about a quarter of
an Inch thick, and half a Foot long beﬁdes the end
which turns ﬂreight up about an Inch and an half,
the end which mull be driven into the Wall mull be
forked to hold the falter in the Wall, into which it
mull enter four Inches deep -, two Inches on thegout-
ﬁde will fuiﬁce -, they mull be plac’d at three F001:
dil’tance chequer-wife, beginning the ﬁrI’t Row with-
in a Foot of the Ground, continuing it to the T op of
the Wall, the Hooks mull be in a [height Line and
Parallel to one another; the Poles may be of What
length you pleafe, according to the height of the
Walls, thofe'that I’tand upright fhould be all of one
piece if you can, if not you may joyn two or three
neatly, tying them very clofe with a Wire.

Take the l’traightelt and weakel’t to Ierve in a
ﬂraight Line placing the but~end downwards,_ the -
I’trongeﬂ mull be imploy’d a-crofs to fupport the
Work.

The fquares mull be about feven or eight Inches,
they do nor well often or twelve, and ﬁve or ﬁx -
are too little for Ejpalie'rr, they may alfo be us’d for
a fort of Arbour: that are now in fafhion; the Square

mul’t be exaE’tly meafur’d, leaving an Inch betweﬁn
t e

WW ' ewe omw‘wemwws _

   

I 72. - "The Complete Qard’ner. Vol. II.”
the Wall and the Laths: When they are furnifh’d you
may ﬁrﬁ paint them white, and afterwards with a
grafs green.

Thefe Lettices are fometimes made for Counter Ef
paliarr or Pale Hedger, about ﬁve or ﬁx Foot high,
according as you pleaie.

In order to it’s being folid, it’s neceﬂ'ary to drive
Oalmz Spikes into the Ground at ﬁve or ﬁx Feet dif-
tance one from anorher, about four Inches fquare,
driving them about a Poor into the Ground, the up—
’per end being pointed to laﬁ the longer, for if it
were fquare the Rains would root it the fooner ; the
Checquers mull be like thofe of Efpailarr, only with
this difference, that in PalaHedgar the Poles or Laths
mul’t be ﬁxed with Nails into the Body of the Spikes,
which mull be norch’d in order thereunto.

This Method of Pal/ﬁlling has feldorn or never

‘ been us’d in England, but it may be very proper for
old Bria/e Walls, where the Joynts are at fuch a dill
.tanCe, that the T766: cannor well be nail’d to them,
or likewife for Stone Wall:, where the Stones are fo
thick that they cannot be mild to any advantage for
the good of the Tree. But more efpecially for Mad
Wall: that are made of Earth and Hay, fuch as are us’d
in fome parts of the We]? of England, and other

' Parts where Bricks are not plenty; becaufe the Tree:
cannor fo well be nail’d t0 fuch Walls, without fomec
thing of a Lattice or Pallifadc in this manner,

.' . ”5.. 4.x;n5-ﬂnmr- wiry-(r

\

' Vol. ‘11. TI): Complete Gard’ner. 1 7; \

 

OF

FRUILGARDENS‘

A N D
Kitchen-Gardens.

 

VOL. II. PART. VI.

Of the Culture of the Kitcden-Garden, -

_ T being necefrary for a Gentleman’s Gard’m’r to ‘
I perform with equal Skill, all the parts of Culture
beIOnging to the Karina-Garden, that f0 he alone may
he in a condition of fu‘rnilhing his Mallet with all the
Varieties which a good Kitchen Garden can produce ;
without wanting at leaf’t any or thofe Produélions
that are of molt importance. _
To which end, I putpofe here to follow exaé‘tly
the Model and Platform I have already explain’d at
the beginning of theie Treatiies of Gard’ning‘; in
Conformity to which, I {hall fet down. / ‘
Firﬁ, Every thing, generally lpeaking, that fhould
be in all forts of good and well furnifh’d Kitchen-Gar-
den: 5 to which 1 {ball add a Defcription of the Seeds

and

a “35231313?! . ‘, a , .,

«1 _,~ £11,,“ ‘ _ ‘

L"‘i“"~f.‘t’°~‘a‘“"’”“'"‘ " "'z“’"*"”f‘“‘ “fjrawMV'wr’ﬂ’lﬁl ‘

174 The Complete Gard'ner. \ Vol. Il.’ 7
and Other things which ferve for the Produé’tion and
Multiplication of every particular Plant. ~

Secondly, 1“ (ball fpeciﬁe not only all things that
may be gathered out ofa Kitchen-Garden every Month
of the Year, but alfo what Work Gard’narr are to
do in every one of thofe Months.

Thirdly, I will explain what fort ofEartb or Soil,
and what fort of Culture is molt prOper for each fort
of Plants to make them excellent -, and becaufe fome
of them are fown to remain always in the fame place,
and fome only to be tranfplant elfewhere, and fome
again are: propagated without Seeds, Iwill give Di-

   

. IeE’tions at the lame time how to order all of them;

as well in 'refpeEt to the Sealons in which they are to
be fown or planted, as the manner of their Propaga-
tron.

Fourthly, I will {hew you how long each fort
may proﬁtable occupy its place -, and which of them
mull be laid up for Winter Proviﬁons; and which

‘ may, by the help of induﬁry, be produced in fpight

of the Frolis.

 

CHAP. I.

What Thing: ﬂaould Implanted in any Kitchen-Garden,
of a reafonable Extent, to render it compleatly

fatal/79361,.

LL the World is agreed, that there are few

‘ Days in the whole Year, in which we can well
lie viithbut the aﬁillance of the Kitchen-Garden.

That you may therefore have at one view, the know«
ledge of What Compofes this agreeable aﬂiﬁance, that
may be drawn out or the KitchenGardm; I {hall here
ptei‘ent you with a kind of an Alphebatical Inventory
ofall" things which fuch a Garden {hould and may

furniih us with, throughout the whole Year. -
‘ G H A P.

. W :71"th

V0111. The complete Gardiner. r75

 

c H A P. II, III, and IV.

, Concerning a chcription of the Seeds, and other
thing: which contribute to the Prodnﬂion and
Multiplication of every fort of Plant. Together
with whotﬂrt of Culture is moﬂ proper for every
of Plant. ’ -

L L E L U1 A, or Wood, or French Sorrel is a
' fort of Trefoz'l, that is multiplied only by Run-
‘ nets or Slips which fprout from the Foot of it, as
do Violet: and Doiﬁer, etc. It bears a white Flower,
' but no Seed : When it grows old, it grows into
Tufts, and being a Plant that grows in the Woods,
and confequently that loves the Shade, we therefore
plant it along the ﬁdes of the Northern Walls, at the
diﬁance of about one Foot afunder : the more"we ﬂip
it of its Leaves, which is one good quality it has,
' the more frelh ones it [boots out. It is enough to
fer it two Inches in the Ground. It laﬂs three‘or
four Years without being renew’d 5 and to renew it,
we need do no more than to fepatate or ﬂip out the
great Tufts of it into feveral little ones, and replant
them immediately 3 which is to be done in the Months
of March and April : A little Watering in very hot
Weather, and efpecially in fandy Ground, is a very
welcome Help to them. —
Anni: is propagated only by Seed, which is pretty
fmall and of a yellowifh green, and is of a longifh
oval Figure l’trip’d, which oval is bunch’d on one
ﬁde; it is much like Fennel-Seed; it is commonly
Town pretty thin, either in Furrows or Borders, their
« Leavse are ufed in Sal/ad: among other Furnitures -,
they run to Seed towards the Month of Anguﬂ 5 and
when their Stalks are cut down, they {hoot out new
Leaves the next Year, and are as good as the ﬁrft;
but however it is hell to renew them every two Years.
Arrnch,

r «a. ”“W'WW ”$th , \. ~ .
.h L\~ ’ ‘

t. 76 The Complete a; 1 mr; ‘

   

miner. ~

Arracb, Orr'acb, or Orage, is propagated only by
Seed and 18 one of the quickeft, both in coming 11 '
and running to Seed; which latter \it does at the be- ,
ginning of farm: It is fown pretty thin; and to have '
good Seed of it, we mul’t tranfplant fome of it in a
feparate place: The Leaves of this Plant are very‘
good both in Portage and in Stuﬂings ; we ufe it alr-
moﬂ as foon as it peeps out of the Ground, for it
paffes away very quickly, and to have fome the more
early, we fow a little uantity on a Hot-bed. It
thrives well enough in 31 forts of Ground; but yet
it grows more fair in good Ground.

Arricboakr are commonly multiped only by Oailli-
tom or little Eyes, or Offers, or Slips, which are a
fort of Kernel which grows about the Poor of the
Plant, that is in that part which feparates the Root
from the Eye or Bud, out. of which the Stem grows
that produces the Articboak; thefe little Eyes, or
Oﬁ-fetr, begin commonly to breed at the end of Au-
nmm, or in Elfinter when it is mild; and (boot forth
Leaves in the Spring, that is at the end of March,
or the beginning of April , at which time we fearch
about the Foot of the Articboak, and feparate or ﬂip
off the Sue/cert 0t Oﬁ-ﬂipr, in French called little Eyes,
and that is called ﬂipping or dif-cyirzg. Thefe Qﬂﬂtr
to be good ihould be white about the Heel, and have
fome little Roots; thofe that are black about the Heel
are old, and produce but very little Articboakr in the
Spring; whereas others produce according to the
Gardner’s Intention, in Aztguﬂ, September, or 0370-
65". .

Sometimes Articboak: are multiplied by the Seed,
which grows in the Artichoak borrom when they are
fuﬁer’d to grow old, to ﬂower, and to open; and
lal’tly to dry, about Midfummer. .

When we tie them up in Autumn, we wrap andcov
vet them up at their whole length with Straw or old
Dung, and f0 whiten the Cottony {ides of their
Leaves,

, .' *‘Tbecfamplete Gard’ner. ’ 177
.h Leaves, to make Articbaak Chard: of : For the Planting
hp. of them, we commonly make little Trenches, or Pits, "
: about half a Foot deep, and three Foot diﬂance, ﬁl-
[ led with Mould, plac'in two Rows of them regular-
l ly by a'Line in each Be , which is to be full four
Foot broad 5 and parted from next Bed by a Path
7: full one Foot broad 5 thefe Trenches or Pits are to be
i made abOut half a Foot from the edge of the Bed, and
.I Chequer-ways one towards the other5 we place two
7.5147: in a right Line in each fpace, containing be.
I tween nine and ten Inches in length, and renew them
zonce every three Years at ,lealt : Cut oﬁ‘ their
l. Leaves at the Beginning of Winter, and cover them
swith long dry Dung during all the very Cold Wea-
izther, till the end of March, when we muﬁ unCOVer
iithem, and ﬂip them, if their Slipr be yet big enough,
:or elfe ﬂay three Weeks or a Month longer, till they
ibe 5 then we mull labour, and move the

   

artb well a~ .
fbout them, and dung them with the ro‘ttenelt of that t.
.iDung that ferved them for a‘Covering5 water them ,
:moderately once or twice a Week, till the end of May,
at which time their Fruit begins to appear 5 and from
. that time we muﬂ water them plentifully, that is,
two or three times a Week, during the whole Sum~
:mer, allowing half a Pitcher of Water to each Plant,
and ,efpecially in Ground naturally dry. Thofe lanted
:in the Spring, {hall bring their Frail to Perfe lion in
{the Autumn following, if well water’d 5 and they
which do not, ought to yield their ﬁrlt Fruit inthe'
Spring following, in cafe they be ﬁrong enough to re-
ﬁl’t the lharpnefs of the Winter. Articboakr have not
only the hard Weather, and excefs of Wet to fear,
out they have the Field-Mice likewife for their Ene—
:rries, thofe mifchievous little Animals gnawing their
Roots in the Winter-time , when they ﬁnd no-
thing better in the Gardens-5 and for that reafon it’s
good to plant one Rank of Bect—Cbzzrd between two
‘ {0W8 of Arricba‘a/cr, that the Field-Mice ﬁndingR the a
0 001::

    
 
 

, 73 ‘ The Comgle‘te gttrd’neri~ - Vblo‘l

Root: of thefe lafi, the tenderer of the two, may fall

l.‘

  

i
r
J

upon them inﬁead of the others, as they never fail to

i do. There are three forts of Artiehoakes, viz. the

green, or orherwife white ones, which are the molt
early -, the violet ones, whofe Fruit is almof’t of a
Pyramidal ﬁgure, and the red ones, which are round

and ﬂat like the white ones 5 the two lal’t forts are the
mail delicious.

ASPARAGUS are fown at the beginning of the . .

Spring, like other Seeds, that is, they are fown on fome I

Bed well prepared; they muff be fown indifFerent thin ,
fometimes thefe Seeds are fown in the Shells as they
grow, that is, four or ﬁx Seeds in a Shell, but the
belt way is to break them, and beat the Seed out of
them, the time of fowing them is about the latter

end of March, about a Year after, if they are big :
enough, as they will be if the Ground be good, and .

well prepared, or if not, at leait at "two Years end,
we muit tranlplant them, which is to be done at the
end of March, and all the Month of April : and to

this purpofe We mul’t have Bed: between three and),

four foot Broad, and feperate one from the other :;

If it be in ordinary Ground, we dig thefe Bed: hol— .
low with a Spade, throwing up the Earth that is ta- - ;
ken out of them upon the Path-ways; and as to ﬁrong, '

heavy and moil’t Grounds, I would have, them thus

‘ Qrder’d; that is to fay, I would have the Bed: in them '

not at all laid hallow, but on the contrary raifed and

kept higher than the Path-way, too much wet being; ,

mortal to thefe Plants. Afperegus being thus fown,
ihoot out Tufts of Roots round about their Eye, or.

Mother-Root,that is to fay,round the place from whence -

all their Shoots are to fpring, which Roots fpread
between two Earths; and in order to tranfplant them

either into a hallow Bed, or a high-raifed Bed, we -

bciiow a good thorough Tillage on the bottom of -

the Trench, and if the Ground be not very good we
dung it a little, and afterwards we plant two or three
Stocks

! Vol; II. ' 7129 Complete Gnrd’nef: 1‘7”;
Stocks of thefe young Plants, Orderl in Ranks upon
the fuperﬁcies of the Bed: prepared or them, with—
out needing to trim the extremity of their Room, or
at leaﬂ but a very little 5 and if our Intention be
to force this, Ajparagm by an artiﬁcial Hezr, when
they are grown big enough, we place them at a foot -
diliance one from another, and if they be to remain
to grow after the ufual manner, we allow them a foot
and a half diﬂance; but in both cafes we place them
checker-wife, and when they are fo placed, we co-
ver them up again with Me or three Inches deep of
Earth: If any of them fail to fpring up, we may re-
new them two or three Months after ; which is to he
done in the fame manner as we planted the others, on-
ly taking care to water the new-planted ones, during!
the great Heat, and to keep them always well weeded
and well dung’d about, or elfe we mark Out with lit-
tle Sticks the empty places, and f’tay till the Spring
before we ﬁll them up again.

Every Year we cover the Bed with a little Earth ta;
ken off from the path-way, becaufe inﬁead of linking,
they always are tiling by little and little; we dung
them moderately every two years, and let them (hoof
up three or four Years withont gathering any, ’till
we ﬂee them begin to grow pretty thick, and then
we may force as many as we pleaie of them, or if
nor, we continue to gather of them every Year a
Crop, for ﬁfteen Years, before we need to renew
them. ‘

Every Year, about Martlmzzr, we cut down all their
Stems, every Stock producing leveral Stem, and take
the faireﬁ of them for Seed, if , we Would have them
come to hear, we mull ufe an Iron Fork to draw them
out of the Nam/y-Bea'r, the Spade being dangerous
for'that work, becaufe it would cut and hurt thofe
little Plan.

We mutt nor fail eVery Year, at the latter end of
March, or beginning of April, that is, before the Afpa:

U 2 raga:

:a r 4' 4 'M‘w‘w

r l " ‘wkiw‘l' at? 7:5, L' i if". ; lg. ,1tw a E '3“ J; ‘ ".1" u
l 80 v \ T’zﬁCmplete Gardner: V ol. 131
raga: begin to fprout naturally, to bellow a fmall '
dreﬂing or (lining of the Ground about three or four *
Inches deep on every Bed, taking care not to let the :
Spade go To deep, as to hurt the Plants, which n?
{mall Dreﬂing ferves both to kill the Weeds, and to,.
render the fuperﬁcies of‘ the Earth 10012:, and thereby r
not only the better to difpofe it to drink up the :.
Rain, and the MayDcw that nourilhes the Stocks, ,
‘ but likewife to facilitate the Paﬂ‘age of the Ajpara—-
gas in fprouting.

The particular and molt dreadful Enemies of Affa-
raga: ,are a fort of Flea: that fallen upon their Shoots
and make them mifcarry, and hinder them from thri-t
ving , they are molt troublefom in very hot and dry _
Weather: There has been no Remedy found yet a-1
gainﬁ this mifchief. 1 .

 

B

BALM, called in French Mela/fa, is an .odorife-
rous Herb; whofe/Leaf, when tender, makes a part:
of Sal/ad-Furnirures; it is multiplied borh hy’SeecI
and rooted Branches, like Lavender, Thyme, Hyf-
rap, are. ‘

BASIL, or Baﬂlz'c/c, as well the great fort as the
fmall, is multipled by Seed, which is of a blackifh'
Cinnamon Colour; very iinall, and a little oval, it’s
propagated only by-Seed, it is annual, and very deli-
care, we feldom fow it but upon Hazards, and not
in open' Ground, as we do Pzzrﬂain,.Lcttuce, SIC. We:
begin to low lome in that manner, at the beginning:
ofh'clvraary, and we continue f0 to do the whole year ;
its tender Leaves are us’d in a fmall quantity, with.
the Furnitures of Sal/ads, amdng- which they make an
agreeable Perfume, it is likewife’ ufed in Ragnar,
el'pecially dry ones, for which reafon we take Care "
to keep fome for Winter.» We gather its Seed in the.
Month of Augaﬂ, and ufually,to make it run to Seed;

_ ’ we

I

     

i l’.‘ 1 The Complete Gardner: r8 1.
,5. We tranfplant it‘in the Month of \ May, either in Pot:
,t or Bed: 5 there are feveral forts of it, but ihatwhich
,3 bears the,.~biggeft Leaves, and efpecially if they en-
. Cline" to a Violet Coking; and that; which bears the
,- leal’t Leaves of “the two is the mbﬂfxcurious; that
2 ‘which bears middling ones being the ordinary 0%”
common fort. ' "
The Common BATS, is a Shrub of no Very great
ufe in our Gardens, and therefore it is enough to
have fome few Plants of it in fome well {helter’d place,
to gather fome Leaves of them when occaiion re;
quires. ‘ a . . _
BEANS, as well the common, and Garden-Beam,
. as thofe called Kidney-Beam, and Fnjm‘bBeam, and ‘
in French Aria», are fown in open Ground, and
grow not otherwife, the Arica, French, or Kidney
Beam, are fown ,the latter end of April, and all, the
Month of May, and are very fenﬁble of the Froﬂs ;
the common Garden-Beam are fown at the fame
.. time with Haﬂiﬂg: Peqfe, both in November and
. february. '
BEET-RAVES, or Beet-Radijber, that is Red Betty,
produce Raotf for Sal/air, and are multiplied only by
. ; Seed, which are about the bignefs of a middling Pea,
and round, but all.rough in. their roundnefs; they
, are yellowifh, and fo like thofe of the white Beet, that
they are hardly to be diﬂinguifhed one from the o-
. ther; To that People are often miﬁaken, thinking
they have {own red ones for. Roots, and fee nothing
, come up but white Been! they are fown in the Month
of March, either in Bad: or Borders. They mull be
” fown very thin, or at leaﬁ, if they come up too thick,
_ they mul’t be very much thin’d, or elfe they will not
,grow f0 fair and f0 large as they fhould be. They re».
quire a very good and well-prepar’d Ground, they
..are the belt that have the reddilh fubf’tance and the
reddef’t tops, they are not good to fpcnd, till to
award the latter end of Autumn, and all the F’s/infer:
Q 3 Seafon

(Vol.

ant * News; ‘9 xy ' ‘ ' . t—‘fw'r"'ifi“3'y';r;rg;c- r", “'f“"'"~“' ',

, '1 81; I- The Complete Gard’nerI
Seafon: To have Seed of them, we tranfplant in .
March Tome of the laft Years Racer that we have pre; ..

 

. f _ { V _ ‘., r- I 1., g 9.3:,” ~
5! ‘ , Wm“ “H‘
\

 

Vol, I}

.M
l ,3
Q a

ferved from Frail; their Seed ‘is gathered i,“ the ,

Months of Auguﬂ-and September.
BEETWHITE, called Poree or Poiree, are alfo pro.

p‘agated for Chard: by Seed only, which is like that of '-

the red Beets, but that a=tis of a duller Colour, they
are re lanted to produce Char-alt. Vi‘depCberds.
" BO TNE Dame, or good Lady, is multiplied only
by Seed, which is extteamly ﬂat and thin, round and
reddifh. '

BORAGE is propogated only by Seediwhich is black

and of a long, bunchy, oval ﬁgure, having commonly “

a little white end toward the Bafe or Bottom, which
is quite feparated from the tell; the hem th is all enq
graven as it were with black Streaks, tom one end

to the other. It grows like, and is to be ordered-in! '

the fame manner as 11746,), only it comes not up {0
Vigorouﬂy: We fow feveral times in the Summer, be!
ca-ufe the Leaves, in which conﬁﬂs all its Excellence,
are good only while they are tender, that is, .while
they are young, the Flowers ferve to adorn Sallads;
the Seed falls as foon as ripe, and therefore mull- be
carefully watched, the furell way is to cut down
the ‘Srtz/zl’s, and lay them a drying in the Sun, as foon
as ever they begin to ripen, and by that means we
{hall lofe but very few. ’

BUGLOSS is likewife multiplied only by Seed,
and iis'i‘o like that oi'Borege, that they cannot be
known afunder; and are likewife to be ordered af-
ter the lame manner. ' ‘ a '
' BUCKS—HORN Sallad is multiplied only by Seed,
which isi‘on'e‘of the leal’t we have; it is longilh, of,
a very: dark Cinnamon Colour, and grows in a Husk
like RatsTail. " Vide Harm-Ham Sallad;

BURNET is propagated only by Seed, which is pret-
ty big, and a little'oval, with four ﬁdes, and is all ove
engrayen, as it were, in the fpaces between thoige four

_. . _ , ides,

l ' I
J' Vol. II. The Complete Gard’nerI «l 8;
-? Sides , Pris a, very .1 common and ordinary Sallad-furni-
: i ture, which is feldom fown but in the Spring, and is -
fown thick either in Beds “Borders, it often fprings
: afrelh after cuttin , of which the youngef’t Show: mull '
i be chofen for Sal ads, the Leaves that are any thing
' i old being too tough 5 it does it a great deal of cod
or water it in Summer: There is but one fort o ' it,
whofe Seed is gathered at the end of Summer. '

C

P” '

CABBAGES, called in French, Cboux, and compre-

hending borh Cabbage, Colewo'rn, and Cally-ﬂower: of all
- kinds, of what nature foever they be, are multiplied
. only by Seed, which is about the bignefs of an ordinary
é Pin, or of Birding Powder, and teddilh, inclining to
; a brown cinnamon colour. .

CABBAGES, of all fortsofKitcbchlantr, take root
again the eaﬁliel’t when tranfplanted, as they are like.
wife the molt known, and molt us’d 0f any in our Gar-
dam; they are multiplied by feed,and are offcveral forts
and feafons; there are ’ome called White Headed
Cabbaget, which are for the latter end of‘Summcr, ‘ and
for Autumn; there are fome curled, called Pancalz'en,
or Millan-Cabbztges, which produce fmall-headed Cab-
bagcr, fer Winter, there are fome of a red or violet
Colour 5 and fome called long-ﬁded Cabbager, whereof
fome are bright or white, and very delicate, ripe in
vintage-time 3 and others green, and are nor very
good till they are troll-bitten: Laﬁly, There are fome
call’d Cally-ﬂowers, which are the moﬁ nobleand valua;
ble of them all,and are nor ufed in Pottage,but in choice
IntermelTes -, they cannot indure the Froﬂ, and there.
fore as foon as they begin to form their Heads, they
mult be covered, with their Leaves ty’d up for that -
end over them with’Strawbands, to guard them from
the infults of the Cold that fpoils and rorsrhem 5 they

are for our Winter fpending, and mul’t be lheltered in
Q, 4, the t

e 5e ewe“ “ r'ﬁwzmwz,we“tw

‘ _ '1 84 .‘ The Cowplete *(ja'rd’iu’fl

(3’

      

' V812“:
the Green-Han]? ~or Con/2700100, jwhither they muﬂ'i
be carried and planted with af Turf 0f their old-1i;

\ . Earth about them, where: they are Commonly ufed toi

petfe’ét the full growrh of their Heads: All otheri
Cabbage: yield Seed in France, but only there, whofe
Seed we are fain to have brought up from the baﬂam '9

,Countries, which makes them ordinarily'very dear.

To make Cabbage: run to Seed, we- ufe every Year, :
either in Autumn or Spring, to tranfplant fome of the

’ heft and fairei’t of them, which run to Ssed in the

Months of May and fame, and is gathered faly or
Auguﬂ. , ' ‘

CAPUCIN Capers. See Naﬁurcer. ‘ ' '

CA P UCI N CAPERS, or Naﬂurm, are annuai
Plants,which are ufually fown in bat Bar]: in- the Month
of March, and tranfplanted again in the naked Earth
along by fome Walls, or at the foot of fome Trees,
where there is mounting Stalks, which are but weak
and grow pretty high, may take fome hold to fupport
themfelves: They are alfo planted in Pots, and Boxes,
in which fome» Sticks are fet up to fupport' their
Stalks, their Buttons or round Buds before they open
are good to pickle in Vinegar 5 their Flower is pretty
large, of an Orange Colour, and very agreeable: They
mufi be carefully watered in the Summer, to make
them {hoot vigoroully. Their Seed falls to the Earth
as foon as ever it is ripe, as well as that of Borage
and Baglq/s, andtherefoie muf’t be carefully gathered,
u .

PCA P R0 IVS. See Strawbtrriu.

C ARDONS Spamﬂo, are propagated only by Seed,
which is ’longifh, oval. and about the bignefs or" a
fair ,Wheat-Corn -, it is of a greeniih, or Olive Co-
lbur, mark’d with black Streaks from one end to the
Other, and is fown from the middle of April, to the
end. ‘ ' '

They grow naturally from Seed, and are fown
at two feteral times —, the ﬁrﬂ is commonly. abogt

t e

     

«VOLIL‘I i The Chmpletc‘éard’nerl ' ‘ 13f

:5 the middle or latter end of April, and the fecond a-
!» bout the latter end of May. They mull be fown in
:- good and wellvprepared Ground, and-in little Trench-
: es, or Pits, a full FoOt WIde, and about ﬁx Inches
deep, ﬁll’d with Mould ; we make Bed: of fOur or ﬁve
Foot wide, in order to place in them two ranks of
thofe little Trenches, or Pits, chequer-wife 5 we put
ﬁveor ﬁx Seeds in every hole, with intention to let
huttwo or three of them to grow 5 if they all come
up,‘ taking away all thofe that are over and above

“ “ethat number, either to throw away, or to neW'ﬂock
thofe places, where perhaps are none come up, or
where perhaps we may have fown but fome few upon,

a bot—Bed for that intention,- and if in ﬁfteen'or twen.
ty Days we do not fee the Seed come up, We lhould
uncover them, to fee whether they be rotten, .or. be:
gin to fprout, that f0 we may ﬁll up their places,
with new ones, in cafe of need. The Seeds of the ﬁrlt
Sowing are generally three Weeks coming up -, and
-thofe of the fecond ﬁfteen Dayes: Carrion: mull not
be fown before the middle of April, for fear they
{hould grow too big, and run .to Seed in Auguﬂ and
September, and then they are not good : Great care
mull be taken to water them well 5 and when towards
the end of 0610!)”, we have amind to whiten them, we

- take the advantage of a dry‘Day, ﬁrl’t to tie up all
their Leaves with two or three Bands, and fome days
after, we cover them quite up with Straw, or dry
Litter well 'twii’ted about them, fo that the Air can-'
nor penetrate to come at them, except it be at the very

top, which we leave open. . ~

T hefe Cardomz Plants, thus wrapt up, whiten in a-
bout ﬁfteen Days or three Weeks, and grow ﬁt to
eat, v e make an end of tying up, and wrapping or,
covering all we have in our Gardens, when we per-
ceive the Winter approach, and then we take them
up with the Earth about them, to tranfplant them into
our Gram-1:23;]? or Cirrzfervzztwy, fame of thofe Plants
are

"t" ‘ f -‘ 4- stew

'1 8‘ The Complete 94rd'ner. Vol. II.
are good to tranfplant in the naked Earth in the fol- A
lowin Spring, to run to Seed in fun: or fuév; or elfc
{one lants of them tied up in their ﬁrli places, will
ferve for that three or four times together.

C A R R 0 TS are multiplied only by Seeds, which
are {mall and oval, the ﬁdes of which are wrought
with little ﬁreaks, or longiih Points very ﬁnall; and
One ﬁde of the ﬂat part of the Seed is alittle ﬁller,
and more raifed than the other; and both of them
are marked long-wile with ﬁreaks, they are of 'the
colour of a dead Leaf, are a fort of. Root, whereof
fome are white, and others yellow, that grow only from
Seed, and require the fame care and ordering, Which
we have already defcribed under the Head of Red-Beet-
Rootr. ‘

CELLERT is multiplied only by Seed, which is ve.
ry fmall, yellowifh, and of a longiih oval ﬁgure, and
a little bunch’d, it is not good but at the-end of Am
rum”, and during the lVintr’r/eafam : 'we fow of it
two feveral times, to be fupply’d with it f0 much the
longer”, that which has been long fown, eaﬁly runs to ‘
Seed, and grows hard : We fow it then the ﬁrl’t. time
in bot—Bed: in the beginning of April, and becaufe its
Seed is fo extreme fmall, we cannot help fowing it too
thick: So that if we be not careful to thin it, and
drop it in time, to make it grow to fome ﬁrength
and bignefs before we tranfplant it, it warps and ﬂags
its Head too much, and grows weak, and (boots its
Leaves ﬁranglingly outward, inﬁead of producing
ﬂore of them from the middle of its Stock : The fu-
reﬁ way to tranfplant it in a Nurfery-Bed, is placing
the Plants two or three Inches from one anorher, for
which we make holes with our Fingers only, we
tranfplant that which comes of the ﬁrli fowing at the
beginning of farm, and fow our fecond fowing at the
latter end oi‘May, or beginning of farm, but it is in
0,062: beds, and we take the fame care to thin, crop,
and trani'plant this, as we did that of the ﬁrﬁ {owinbg ;

ut

”1» '.

Vol; H: The Cowpl‘ete Gard’nerl - 1‘87 ‘
[but we mutt plant more of it the Iecond time, than‘
:at the full. There are two ways of tranfplanting it,

‘I the ‘one ‘is in a Pit or Trench a full Spit deep, and b5:-
' tween three‘or four foot broad, in order to place in

5 it three or 'four ranks of thofe Plants, at the diﬂance ‘ -

-. of one‘ foot from one another 5 this way of making
, bollowbeds to earth up our Ceilety in, is good only in
dry Grounds, wet Grounds being too apt, to rot them.
The fecond way of trarzﬂzlanting it, is in plain Beale,
not made hollow, and at the fame diﬂance as the o-
ther, taking care in both forts of Beds, to water them
extremely in the Summer-time, its chief goodnels com
ﬁlling in being tender, as well as in being very white;
watering contributes to the [Mt kind of goodnefs, and
for the fecond, you are to obferve, that to whiten
Cellery, we begin at ﬁrﬂ to tie it with two Bands
when it is big enough, chaﬁng dry Weather for that
eﬂeﬁ, and afterward we earth our Cells”? Plant: quite
up, with earth taken from the high-rai ed Path-ways,
or elfe cover it all over with dry long Dung, or dry
Leaves, as we do Cardeom. Celleoy, fo earthed up
with dry Earth, or clothed with long dry Dung, or.
dry Leaves, ,to the very tops of its eaves, whiter:
in three Weeks or a Monthgand becaufe when ’ris
whitened, it rors as it ftands, if it be not prefently ea-
ten, by confequence we are not to earthkit up, or
cover it with Dung, but in fuch proportion as we
are able to fpend out of hand. There needs no other
Precaution to be ufed in it, f0 long as it does not
freeze; but as foon as ever it begins to freeze, we
mull then quite cover up our Cel/ery all over, for a
hard Froﬁ fpoiles it prefently, and that we may the
more eaﬁly cover it, after we have ﬁrﬂ ty’d it up
with two or three Bands, we take it up with the Earth
about it, ar the beginning of (Water, and Plant it in
another Bed, fetting the Plant: as clofe as we can to
one another, and then there needs much lefs fluff to
cover them, than when they are left {landing in their
old

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1-937 -‘ The Complete Gardner; ‘ Vol." H:

old places at fuch great diﬂances afunder. The way,
to retire Seed from, them, is, to tranfplant fome Plants.
of them in fome bye-place, after Winter ispaft, which
will not fail to run to Seed in the Month of Aggy/i o,

' we know but one fort of it.

I . CHAR D S of Articboaker. See Artiebozrkr.

. CHARDSofArtz'cboaki; otherwife called Co on: are
the Leaves of‘fair Artieboake-plams tied, and wrapt up
in Straw in Autumn and Winter; which being cover-
ed up all, over, but at the very top, with Straw, grow
white, and by that means lofe a little of , their Bitter-
nefs ,fo that when they are boiled, they are ferved
up like true Spaﬂiﬂa Chadrom, but after all,‘are not
To good, and beﬁdes the plants often rot and perith,
whili’t we are whiting them.

CHARDS-BE‘EI. See Beet. ’

CHARDS of Been, are Planti- of white Beet: tranil
planted in a ,well’ptepared Bed at the diﬂance of a
full Foor one from the other, which produce great,
Tops, that in the middle have a large, white and,thick
downy, Cotton-like main—Shoot, and that Cotton-like:
Shoot is the true Chard ufed in Pottages and Intermeﬁ
fes: After we have fown white Beer: upon bot-Bedr, or-
in the naked Earth, in the Month of March, we tranﬂ
plant that which is yelloweﬂ, in Bed: purp‘ofely prev.
pared, and by taking care to water them well in the
Summer, they grow big and ﬂrong enough to. reﬁll:
the hard Winter Cold, provided care be taken to
cover them with long dry Dung, juﬂ as we do Arti—
chad/tee: They are likewife well placed, when two
Ranks of them are planted between two Ranks of Ar.-
ticbauiter, we uncover them in April, and drefs the Earth
about them, and give them careful attendance, and
by the means of this diligent Culture, they produce
thofe ﬁne lerd: we have in the Rogatien Seafon, and
in the Months ofMay and freeze. In ﬁne, they run
to Seed, which we gather in the Months of fzzly and .
mega/i1, and low in the following Spring.

CHERVIL

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4, 0‘. _ o ‘

 

 

4 CH E RVIL is multiplied only by Seed, Which is

black, very fmall, and pretty longifh ﬂrip’d, longwife; ‘

it grows upon Plants that were Town the Autumn be:
fore ‘and knits and ripens in the Month of ﬁrm.

Marked Cbervil is only multiplied by Seed, which is
longifh, black, and pretty, big; it is meet” our Sal.
lad-Furnitures, and at the beginning of the Spring,
whilii its Leaves are young and tender, it is agreeable,
and proper to contribute towards the giving a perfum-
ing-relifh ; but it is to be ufed no longer when they are
old and tough: it remains feveral Years in its place
without being fpoiled by the Froli, fo that its Stock
grows pretty big and high; it runs to Seed towards
the‘Month of fame, and by that is multiplied.

Ordinary Cbervil is an annual Plant, or rather 2
Plant of few Months, which ferves for many ufes,
and efpecially in Sallads, when it is young and ten- .
der, and therefore we ought to fow a little of it every
Month, proportionably t0 the occaﬁon we may have -
for it, and to the quantity of Ground we have, it
runs very eaﬁly to Seed, and if we have fome. of it
betimes, we muﬂ fow it by the end of Autumn, and
doubtlefs we {hall have the Seed quite ripe towards
the milddle of fame following; we cut down the
Stalks as foon as it ,begins to grow yellow, and beat
it out, as we do that of other Plants.

C I B0 UL E S, or Small Om'om, are propagated
only by Seed: of the bignefs ofa Corn - of ordinary

“Gun-powder, a iittle ﬂat on one ﬁde, and half round »

on the other, and yet a little long and oval, and white
on the inﬁde; fo like to which are both the Seed of
the red and white Onion, and of Lee/er, that it is very
hard to dii’ringuifh them one from another. C'z'boaler
are fown in all Seafons. ’
Ciboule:,or Cbiboale:,properly fpeaking,are but Onion:

' degenerated, and of which Nature has as it were mif-

cartiedgthat is to fay,0niom that inﬂead of producing
a lita

 

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alittle Root in the Earth, and one ﬁngle Stem, produces a-
but a fmall Root, and feveral Stems, or upright Sboarr, ,-
and thofe which produce molt of them are molt Cu .i
ﬁeemed, which are the fort of which we thuld be:
careful to prefervetm‘oﬁ Seed, and which, if planted]
in March, will yield us Seed: ﬁt to gather in Augeeﬂ. ..
We fow Ciboul: almol’t in every Month in the Year, ex- -
cept in very hard Weather, when the Earth cannot be :
cultivated, their Seed are fo perfeétly like that of 0/221 ,
pm, that they cannot be diﬁinguiih‘d one from the o- t
ther, but the former never recover fo as to produce
Onions, and particularly thofe we pluck up out of the
Onion-Beds, which are fown‘ too thick, andmuﬂ be
thin’d that thofe which are left, may grow the bigger ;
we thin out Cibwd: alfo for the fame reaf'on, and we
tranfplant fome which profper very well, and grow 1
big when they are tranfplanted. It is convenient to f
water out CibouloBed: in Summers that prove extraor- 1
rdinary dry, and unlefs in fuch cafes, they will not 1
need, watering, but however they muﬁ be always i
planted in good Earth. ‘ i \ l
CI TRULLS, Pumpiom, or Pumkim, are propaga. 3
ted only by Seeds, which are of alﬂar and oval ﬁgure, f
and pretty large and whitifh, and are as it were neatly {
edged about the ﬁdes, excepting only at the bottom, 5
where they {luck to the Citrull, 'in whofe Belly they é
Were formed. -, ;
They are the biggel’t ProduE’tions which the Earth 3
brings forth in our Climates, for whofe Culture little -1
is to be done: Ufually we fow them in be: Bed: about
the middle of March, as the only way to preferve and
multiply them; at the end of April wentake them it
with the E artb about them, to tranfplant them in holes
made for that purpofe, of about two Poor diameter,
and one Foot deep, and two Fathoms diﬁant one from
the other, which are ﬁlled with Mould, when their
”Vine: begin to grow ﬁve or ﬁx foot long, which hap-
pens about the beginning of few, we throw uhpon '
. r em

 

igvnl. VII. Tbe'Complete" Gard’n .' 1;!"

._‘
”I
‘I

them in the middle of that length, fame Shovels ﬁll!

, of Earth, both to prevent their being broken by the '
Wind’s blowing them to and fro, and to make them

:‘ take root at the place fo covered 5‘ by which means,
. the Fruit that grows beyond that part will be the bet-

ter nouriﬂied, and confequently grow bigger. There
are two forts of Pumpiom, the Green, and Wbiti/b,

but neither of them are ﬁt to be gathered till they be

grown Yellow, and the Skin become rough enough to

midi one’s Nail 5 we keep of them in our Store-boa-

fe: till about the middle of Lent, when they have been

feafonably gather’d, and well defended from the»
Cold. .

All forts of, Situations in the open Air. agree with
them well enough, but thofe which are well expos’d
ripen fooneli -, we trim nothing of from them, but
only content our felves with watering them rome-
times, when the Summer is exceﬂ'tve dry 5 their Sea!
is in their Bellies. ’

C1 VHS, or Engliﬂ) Civer, are multiplied only by
Oﬂfcts that grow round about their Tufts, which
grow very big in time, from which a part are taken
to replant: They are multiplied by producing thick
Tuﬁis, which are ﬂipt out and feperated into many
little ones, and are tranfplanted nine or ten Inches a-
funder, either in Borders or Beds; they require pretty
good Ground, with which if they be accommodated,
they will laﬂ three or four Years without removing,
or needing any great Culture, it being enough to keep
them well weeded, and to water them fometimes du-
ring the Heat -, it is their Leaves only that are ufed
for one of the Salz'ad Funitures.

COLLT—FLOWERS‘. See Cabbage.

COLWORTS. See Cabbage.

CRESSES, called Almoi: Crcﬂbr, are multiplied
only by Seed, which is of a longifh oval ﬁgure, ﬁnal!
and of an Orange yellow Colour.

' Garden:

 

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Garden-Croft’s are one of the little SalladgFurni-'
- tures, and is a plant that laﬂs but a little while 9%
we fow- it every Month as we do Chervil, that we:
may always have fome’ of it that is tender, and we:
fow it always very-thick; it is propagated only by}
Seed, which is very apt to run, and which We begini
to gather at the end of fune, cutting down the Stalks
in order to dry them, and beat outSeeds and win-r
now them as we do thofe of other Plants, as foon as
we perceive any of them to ripen. ’
CUCUM B E R8, or Coucumherr, are propagated
only by Seed, which is oval, a little pointed at both
ends, but a little lefsat the lower end- or bottom than
at the other, out of which fprings its Bud or Sprout ;
it is of a middling Thicknefs of a whitifh Colour,
and is‘ga'ther’d out of the Bellies of thofe Coucuzu.
her: that are grown yellow with ripenefs. ;See their
Culture under the Head of Mellon: and Muck-Mel.
lions. It is to be obiérved, That a Cucumber Plant
yields ‘a great quantity of Fruit, and for a long time.
when ’tis well cultivated, and efpecially when it is
well watered. '
CURRAN-BUSHES, whofe Fruit grows in Bun-
rches, both the red and the white, called Dutch Cur-
ram, as alfo Goofe-herry Bufher,‘,_called ‘in French,
Groﬁzil/er, or prickb: Grojfez’l/er, are multiplied as
well by Slip: that are a little rooted, that fprout out
at the foot of their Stat/es, every Year, inrthe ’Spriug,
as by ﬁimple Cutting: , we alfo replant their Stock:
of two or three Years old. - '
C URRANS, and Goofe berries, being both compre-
hended under the French name Gmfeiller, both the
red and the white or pearled fort, termed in Engli/h,
Currant, and the prickly fort, called in Eugii/h, Dutch
Goofe-berrier, are kinds of little Frzcit-jhruh'r, which
yield a great deal ofFruit , they produce round about
their old Stock, a great number of rooted Suckers or
Slips, which lerve to propagate them, beﬁdes which
‘ their

  

 

, maxim “new _ ~_ _

”i Vol. II. ‘ The Complete Gardner. 1 9;
.l their Branches; and efpecially the young ones that are
.I tut off from them, take root eaﬁly 5. they are planted in
,l the Month of MarcIJ,at the dif’tance of at leal’t ﬁx good
.i F oor one frOm the other,either in whOle’ Bed: or Squares,
in or in the void fpaces between the DwaIf-Trcee, which
=: are ufually planted about the Squares of Kitchen or
A Fruit-Gardenegboth of them delight in at Ground that ~
. is a little moili, the better to enable them to produce
zthick‘Sboots, and confequently good Fruit.
The red, and pearled or white fort, called in Engli/Zv,
:Currans, produce Buncbec, which are ripe in fuly',
but the prickly ones, named in Eng/ﬂ, Gocg/e'llerrier,
1produce none, but bear their Fruit u’po'n fingle Stalk:
all along the young Branches of the preceeding‘ Year’s?
growth, and that at the place of every One of the Eye:
: orBuds of that Branch -, the Fruit of this latter is ufed
particularly in April and May, in Compares, and wet
Sweet-Meats, and Sauces, for which. ufes it mull be
Very green -, for when it is ripe, it grows too foft and
ﬂat: The Culture that is molt proper to be ufed for
both Curran: and Gaye-berries, and efpecially to Car‘-
b‘ane, conﬁﬁs in cutting away all the old W001, and
preferving only that of one or two Years growth; for
aconfufed mixture of one with the other, is not on-
ly very difagreeable and pernicions, but the old Bran.
cbes will bear nothing but very fmall Fruit, till at left
they quite degenerate, f0 that they Will bear none
but ﬁnall, common, and very four Curran: or Gaye-
berries, and as foon as the old Stock: have done bean
ing any longer either fair Branches or good Fruit, we
‘fhould take a'relolution utterly to grub them up, all
ter we have ﬁrﬁ raifed a Plantation of new one: in”
fome other choice frefh piece of Ground, to fupply
their places; for a Garden ought by no‘ means to be
Without fair Curran: and Gaye-berries, and as foon as
:eyer the new ones begin to bear, we are to deﬁr‘oy
the old ones, which make but a very unﬁghtly. ﬁgure
in a Garden.

w a», “I

P 373 0 C K!

94 The ComPlete Gard’rierit‘:

     

V01. [1;

D

DOCK, Called. Fatima? being a fort of Sorrel, is
mumphe‘l only by Seed, which is» like sow/ﬂed, on..
1y a little bigger, Properly fpeakinga it is buta fort
ofvery great or large Sorrel, which is very fOWres
we content our Elves Only With fome Borders, or per-
haps fome One ﬁngle Bed of it, to have form: of- its
Lew“: [0 mix now and then among our Se'rrel: The
manner 0f Iaiﬁng it? is the fame we Praé’tife with
Sorrel. g

E

E ND IVE-W111 TE, called in French, Cbieoree ‘
i. e. Sucewy, is multiplied only by Seed, which is long,- -
ith, of a whitilh-gray colour, ﬂat at one end, and round--
ilh at the other, and grows upon the Stock: or Stem: of
the preceding Year’s growth, one wou’d takeit almof’t ‘
for norhing but ”little bits ofHerb: cut fmall.

E N DI VE-WI LB, or Suceory, is alfo propagated
only by Seed, which is longifh, and blackifh, and
grows as the other doth: It is a fort of very good
annual Plant, ufed in Sallade, and in Portage in the Au-
t/mm-and Winter Seafons, provided it be well white-
ned, and confequently tender and delicate; it is mul~
tiplied only Seed. There is the Common or Garden
E ”dive, and Wild Endive, called alio Suemy, the com—
mon Name in French to them borh. The common En.
dive is of feveral kinds, viz. the white, - which is the
moﬂ delicate; and the green fort, which is molt ruf-
tical, and belt able to reﬁll the Cold, as likewife the
ear/ed fort, and that which is not curled.

All forts of them agree tolerably well with all kinds
of Ground, we feldom begin to fow any of them till,

towards the middle of May, and then they muff he
fown very thin, or be very much thin’d afterwards,
. in

r

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lo‘ n.

' V0 The Complete Gardiner; 19;
, in order to be whitened in the places where they ﬁrﬂ
grow, without tranfplanting; and we alfo fow but
a little quantity of them at once, becaufe they are apt
' to run to Seed : The feafon of towing a greater quan-
'tity of them, is about the latter end ofﬁng, and du-
* ring the whole Month of fuly, in order to have fome
: good to fpend'in September, and we afterwards few at
great deal of it again in Auguﬂ, that we may have a
" inﬂicient quantity of it, to ferve us all the relt of Au.
. twin, and the ﬁrl’t part of Winter, and when our En.
. dive comes up too thick, we cut it, or elfe pull up
fome of it, to thin it, that the reﬁ may grow big e-
nough to be tranfplanted 5 and when we tranfplant it,-
in Summer-time, it muﬁ be placed at the diﬁance of
a large Foot between Plant and Plant 5 we ufually
' make great Bed: of ﬁve or ﬁx Foot broad, in order-
' to plant them afterward in it, in Lines marked out
" with a Cord. This Plant requires. great and fre uent
‘Waterings, and when it is big enough, we mu go
' to work to whiten it 5 for which eHeEt we tie it up with
two or three Bands, according as its height requires ;
-.~and being fo tied, it whiten: in ﬁfteen or twenty Days :
‘lBut becaufe it is very apprehenﬁve of Froli, there.
lfore as foon‘as ever the Cold begins to come on, we
'2cover it with long dry Dung, whether it be tied up
wor'no : at the end of September we plant the Stocks
wof it, .pretty. near together, becaufe then it neither
Iggrows f0 high, nor fpreads fo much as in Summer, and
Tiif we ,canfave any Plant: of it in Winter, - we mul’t
:ttanfplant them again in the Spring, in order to pro.
?:duce Seed that may have fuﬂicient time to ripen.
'7 Thofe Perfons who have a good Confervntory or Green-
‘.Houﬂ, will do Well to houfe it up there; but they
:who have none, mul’t be content to cover it up with a
good quantity of long dry Dung, fo that the Froli
.tmay not come at it.
WILD ENDIVE, or Succary, is foWn at the begin-

:ning of March, and that pretty thick, and in Ground
1’ 2 well

   
 

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r 96 The Complete‘g‘ard’ner. Vol. II. “.‘
well prepared :_\ we endeavour to fortiﬁe it, and make s
it grow big all Summer, by watering and cropping iti
that it may be ﬁt to whiten in Winter.

There are fome People that will eat it green in Sal-
ladr, tho it be never fo bitter »; but commonly they .
rather deﬁre it wbizen’d ; and to whiten it,‘ we cover it ,’
up with a great deal of long Dung, after we have ﬁri’t
cut it cloi'e to the Earth; by which. means it being
fore’d~ to fpring up in obfcu-rity, and {hadetl from all '
Light, its young Shoot: grow white and tender. The
neatel’t way is by interpoﬁtion of fome props croiﬁng _
from ﬁde to ﬁde, to keep the Dung from tOuching it,
‘ﬁnce it ihoots up in the lame manner under fueh'a
hollow covering, as under a clofe one: fo that care be .
taken f0 well to inp up PalTages on all ﬁdes, thatno ~
Light or Air at all get in; bein thus order’d, its a
Shoot: are much cleanlier, and re ifh not fo much of E:
the Dung. They which have Conﬁrvatorie:,may tranf- - *
plant fome of it thither in Winter, it fprouting well . “
enough there, when it is but a little obi'curely plac’d: .
when it is green it indures the Froﬁ well enough, and :-
at the very latter end of M(0’ it runs to Seed. Many ~:
People eat its Shoot: in Salledr, when they are young 3 '
and tender. ’

 

F

FEA'NBL is propagated only by Seed, which is
pretty iinall, longifh, and oval, bunched, and ﬁreakedi
with greeniﬂr gray Streaks.

’Tis one of our Sallad-Furnitures, which grows on-
ly from Seeds, and is feldom tranfplanted; it reﬁﬂs-
the C old of the Winter: We fow either in Beds or:

* ‘iorders, it i'prings again when cut; its youngef’r and;
tendereii Shoots are the bell : The Seed is gathered int ’
avg/{l} -, and, in ﬁne, it agrees well enough with all!
lens of Grounds. See more ofit under Jim's. G 4R

m raw-:f-fw'rrﬁyf uypitm ' , “ g 5
l’ ‘ g‘ - t .' ,.

Vol ll. The Complete Gard'mr. I I 97
’ G

G A RLI C K is produced by a kind of Kernels, or
Offers, which growin great numbers about its Foot,
and , make altogether a kind of Blub like an Onion,
which Kernel: are called the Clover of the Garlic/é,
every Clove being concave or hollow on theinﬁde,
and convex or bending outward on the outﬁde, ha-
ving at this lower end a ﬂat Bafe or Bottom, by which
it is fallned to the Foot or Stalk, out of which the
Roots fpring 5 and having on the Top 3 pointed end,out
of which iprings it Bad or Shoot, when it is planted
in the Earth in the Months of March or April, in or~
der‘to its bringing forth.

It’s propagated by Head; or Kernels called Cloves,
about the end ofFebmmy, which are fer three§or four
Inches deep in the Ground, and at three or four Inches
dil’tance one from the other; they are taken out of the
Earth at the end of fuly, and laid to dry in a place free
from moifture, in order to preferve them from one
Year to another. ,

GOOSE-BERRIES. See Curram.

H

 

H is 0 P, or H TS'O P E, is propagated only by
511' r. ‘
€111 R TSHO R N, or Bucks-born Sallad, is a little
annual Plant whofe Leaves when tender, are ufed in
SalladvFurnitures , they are fown in March, very thick,
it being impoihble to fow them thin, becaufe their
Seeds are to very fmall, which are gathered in Augu/i.
The little Birds are very greedy or them, as indeed
they are of all other fmall Kitchen-Plant Seed: :
When the Leaves of this Plazzt are cut, there fpring up
frefh ones, juﬁ as there do alfo from Sorrel, Lives,

Parﬂc , 8C6. ,
' y P 3 LAVEN-

fit It it“??? if” 5’7‘“3'i'-3;u _ t ,. raw; wmﬁiznwt- a" ;:!?F,°a§i‘ﬁfr5>‘WW’QS‘V rni‘giu-m :3‘ has 3 ..- .
‘ ’ I. , ) _ ~L‘ mp...‘ . it. i

193,, m cm W; v

   

L .

- .LAVE NDE R is multiplied by Seed, and by old
StOCks and Plants tranfplanted. _

It ferves to garnilh Border: in Kztcbm-Gardem, and
yeilds a Flower, which, without being feparated from
its Stalk, is ufed to be put among clean Linn in, to

erfume it -, its multiplied both by Seed, and y its
ranches or Slips which have taken Roor at their
Joints. " , '

LAWREL. See Bayer. r :

LEEKS are multiplied only by Seed, which is al-
together like that of Cibouler ,‘ they are replanted in
May, very deep in the Earth, to make their Stalk:
and Plant: thick and white 5 and they are fown in
March, as foon as the Froﬂ will permit -, their Seed
grows in a kind of thick white Purfe, which is round,
and grows upon the top of a good long Stalk, and it
kefepls a pretty long time in that Purfe or Hood before
it a ls.

They are fown at the end of Winter, and that pret-
ty thick, in Bed: well prepared -, after which, during
the whole Month of fume, take them up neatly, and
tranfplant them into other Bed: which are no lefs
carefully prepared ; in order to which, we make with
a planting Stick, holes about four Inches deep, and
half‘a Foot afunder, and after we have a little trim’d
both their Roots and Leaver, we only ﬂide down a‘

jingle Flam into every hole, without minding to
prei‘s down the Earth about it, as we do to all other
iii/amt: , however, we take care to grub tip the Weed;
about them, from time to 'time, and to water them a
”little in very dry Weather, that their Stem may
grow to 'a due thicknefs, and may whiten before
it/izzrez- : when the Froﬁ is very brisk, it is hell to 'co-
‘3’61’ them, or elfe to fer them iniEarth in the C071-
jé’r‘wfcry :, it is likewife very convenient to 1tlak’e
, _ _ , . t em

   

,, ,,. :ﬁw‘ﬂ‘l‘g‘FF‘lﬁw’IWme"?a?"7M- “ r, : ‘ ‘ , w 4 ~
01.11. a ' >317» Complete Gardner. 199
them up out of their Bed where they are planted a
‘ little at large, and to place them near together at-
terward in anorher Nmﬁry-Bed, and cover them up
with long Litter, becaufe orherwife~ when it freezes
hard, we {hould not be able to get them out of the
Ground without breaking them; we may leave fome
" of them ﬁanding, after Winter, to run to Seed, or elfe
' we may plant fome of them in a feparate place for
that purpoi‘e; their Seed is gather’d \in Auguﬂ, and
there is a fort that is bigger than the ordinary one,
which is the heft. ‘

LE TTUC E S, of what fort foever- they be, are
multiplied only by Seed, which is of a longifh oval
ﬁgure, ﬂreak’d long‘ifh, {harp-pointed at the end,
and very fmall; fome are black, as thofe of Auber.
villers, but molt of them are white: when they are
fown in the Spring, they run to Seed in fuly after:
'But the Winter Lettucer, called. otherwife Shell-Lettu-
cer, after having pafs’d the Winter in the lace where
they were replantecl in OEober, run up to eed in ‘j’uly
following. -

They are Plants that are the moﬂ ordinarily and
commonly feen in out KitchenoGurtIenr, and are in-
- deed the moﬁ uieful Manna of them, and efpecially
for Sallads, of which almoﬂ all Mankind are deﬁrous:
we have many kinds, for in the ﬁtﬂ place, there are
Lettuce: of different Seafons; thofe which are good ‘
in certain Months of the Year, being not good in o-
thers; and thofe which grow well in the Spring, not
thriving in the'Summer, and they which profper in
Autumn and Winter, coming to nothing neither in
Spring nor Summer, as will be feen afterwards. In
the Second place, there are form that with the ordi-
nary help of the general Culture attain their due Per-
feélion, and contribute both to the Nourifhment and
Pleafure of Mankind, and they are the Cabbage Ler-
zuees. Thirdly, There are fome that neceﬂ'arily require
the Art and Induﬂzry of the Gard’ner, to advance
P 4 them \

      
      
 

     

n n,

       

a co, The Camp! rthted’mb." Valenti
them to that degree of perfeélion which they ﬂrould
have; and they are fuch as mutt be tied up, to makeza:
them~ grow whire,without Which they Would be neither '
tender, nor fweet, nor good, 'fuch as are the Ramon:
Letrueer, arc. hay, and I have thought ﬁt fometimes.
to tie up rhofe that were to cabbage, when 1' faw they '
did nor cabbage foon enough, by Which means they

. may be forced, to cabbage: I ufe this method particue‘v
larly with fome forts of Winter Lettuces,»that is,

_ when there are any of them, which though furnifhed
with Leaves big enough to cgbbage, yet for want of
fuflicient ‘Heat; are hinder’d from turning, that is,
from grOWing hard, and this Expedi'ent’ iS'a very fo-
vereign Remedy againli that defeEl, in a {urly Sea'fon;
hndkbe-ﬁdesw thefe general diﬂinélions, 'the number of-
-the 'particular kinds of Lettuce: is’ greater than ofany
other fort of K itcbm—Plann whatfoever, as will appear
more efpecially by the order they obfer've in. refpeﬁ
of the Seafons.' And the order of the Cabbage Lena;
its, as near as I can defcrjbe, is this: ' ,

The ﬁrl’t that cabbage at the going Out of Winter, are
the Shell-Lamas, f0 called Becaui'e their Leaf is round
almoﬁ like a Shell: They are otherwife called Winter:
Leituces, hecaufe they pretty well endure ordinary
Froﬁs, which none or all the other Lettuce: can do 5
thefe are fown in September, and afterwards tranfplan.
‘tedlin Tome Wall-border" towards the Sam?) and Eaﬂ,
in the Months of Oﬂober and November, orelfe they
are fown upon Hot-bedr, under Bells, in the Momhs of
Ffbri‘ztdlj} and Zl-‘lareb, and are good to eat in April or
May. We have at the iame’ time another fort of
reda’zﬂ) Le’UZICZ‘f, Called Paﬂimz Lt’IiZICé’J, which profper
x'ery well in‘light Grounds, but not over well in o
thcrs, which being colder, but ﬁronger‘ or heavier,
eaﬁly infeét them with ilimy Snivel : 'both 'thefe kinds
ihould, when they thrive, produce very thick and
good Heads. To thefe fucceed the bright curled Lez-
tzgeer, which ufually cabbage in the Spring, that ‘isf be»

» ore

 

é

  

The “Complete 64

, A .9, 57,15”ng , 1‘, we!" ’
”Vol. ll."T d’ner.~ 10 t

‘ f0; e the Heat grows any thing excefﬁve, but they mull

not be-planted in ﬁrong heavy Lands: they likewife
do'wellu on Hot-Bedr,'and‘efpecially under Bell-Glaf-
fes, or G afs Frames; fOr when they are ,fown in 222.
weary, and tranf lanted as foon as they aregrown any
thing thick, or e fe left thin 11 on their Nurfery-Bedr,
they cabbage as foon as the inter Lettucer, and are
Very excellent. ‘
There is about the fame Seafon, two other forts of
bright eurl’d Lettuces, viz. one called George Lertneer,
which are thicker and lefs curled than the ordinary

' bright curled Lettueesg and Other called Minion Let-

11:66:, which is the leaﬁ fort: both thefe lal’t require

_ fuch Ground as we term good black Sand, but yet their

Heads are feldom cabbag’d clofe enough, that is to ﬂay,
are not ordinarily f0 hard and ﬁrm as thofe of the right
curled bright Lettuces. _

' The curled green Lettuce: come in near about the
fame Seafon with the preceding ones, but are not fo
tender nor delicate.

There is alfo a fort of fmall red ones, and another
named ﬂmr! Lerrueer, both which have all the necelfa-
t‘y Qualiﬁcations .of good Lettucer, excepting only
that their‘l—Ieads are fmall, and that they likewife te-
quire black {andy Ground,

, The full Lettuce: fupply us amply, as I have faid .
during April and May, and the beginning of fune, but ,

afterwards they are too apt to be enclin’d to run to
Seed, by the great Heat that then comes on, they
are follow’d, during the relt offune and all fzdy, by

thofe called the Royal Bell Gertie, or fair Looks, bright . ‘

Game’s, C’apmins, jluber'villerr, and Perpignam, of ,
which lalt there are both green and bright, borh of
which produce very fair and good Heads, and thrive
well enough in ﬂrong Grounds too, when the Summer
proves not too rainy -, but Cold or too frequent Rains
infeft them with Slime and Snivel, and confequently

delitoy

, , view“ rarest :sver" at? m we r .-

 

M “Wettemtwww

201 The Complete. Gardner.

 

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I

deliroy them. ,Then Cappaeizz Lettuce are ‘reddiih,
cabbage eaﬁly, eyenwithout ,tra'rrf lanting, and are.

pretty delicate, the Aubervilliers ring forth Heads
that are too hard, and fometimes bitter withal, and

are more. ufed for boiling than for Salladr. The
difference that appears between the Royal, and Bell. ‘

'gaard: of fair-look’d Lettucer, is only that the former
look a little more greeniih, and thefe laﬁ a little

brighter V .
However, in Summer-time, the tied Lettuce: are
mixed among the cabbage ones; viz. the Roman
Lettucer, which are open, and are called Chicane, or
bright, and are termed Alpbaager, which laﬁ'are more
delicate than the ,Cbieam, both to fraife, and when
they are eaten in Sallad: :; There are alfo a fort
which are termed Imperial Lettaees, which are of an
extraordinary Size, and are likewife delicate to the
Taﬁe, but very apt to run to Seed as foon as ever
they grow white, there are beﬁdes acertain kind of
large reddzﬂy Chicane, which whiten, in a manner, of
themfelves, without tying, and are good in coarfe
Grounds, and fucceed uﬁrallypretry well in Summer;
for as for the green ,Cbieam, we, cannot well have
them but in the Spring, becaufe they run too hailily to
Seed 2 The Lettuce: that deﬁend themfelves beﬁ from
the great Heats that predominate about the end of
fed}, and all the Month ot‘Aaga/z“, are thofe‘ which
we call Genoa Lettueer, and efpecially the green fort;
tor the bright Genoa and red Genoa run more eaﬁly
to ﬁred, and will hardly come to good but in light
rGirounds, we {hould therefore prepare a great many
of the Green Geaaa’s againﬂ the Dog-Days, and the
'i‘irl‘t Frolis, we may alfo intermix with them fome
few bright, and fome red Geaaa’s, but more efpecially
we ill-mid be fure to mix with them fome Alpbaager,
and a great deal of bright or white Endive, aslike-
wife a great many P01213721” Lettaeea, both of the
. bright

rmmtwwmwv ' twee: .zN-w v 7-, W; ,
1‘

:1 Vols-II“: The» CompleteGardnrr I

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J

°3

bright and green kind. The great Inconveniencies,

‘: that happen to Cabbage Letrum, are ﬁrﬁ, That they

)

often degenerate fo far as to cabbage no more, which

5 is difcovered by theirieaves growing out in, length
i like a Cat’s Tongue, as the Gard’nar: term it, or by
. changing their natural Colour into another more or
: lefs green 5 and therefore we Inuit be careﬁrl to gather

“: no Seed from any but fuch as cabbage very'wélh for

which effeEt we fhould be very fure to mark 0th at ﬁrﬁ

‘ Tome of thofe that turn belt, in order to referve them
" to runcto Seed where they ﬁand, or=to remove them

with a Turf of Earth about them, into fome feperate
place aﬂigned for that purpofe. ’ ‘ ,
The Second, is, That as foon as the molt part of
them are cabbaged, they muﬂ he .fpent, u-nlcfs we
would have the difpleafure to have them run to feat!
without doing us any fervice , in which refpeét, the
Market Gard’naz-s have a great advantage beyond Other
Perfons, becaufe they can fell off in one day wholeBaJ:
of thefe Cabbage Lettuce: ; for commonly the Bad:
which are new planted at the fame time, cabbage
likewife all at once; whereas, in Other Gardens, we
cannot fpend them any failer than we need them,
for which‘reafon we are oblig’d to plant fome of
them often, and that in a greater quantity than we are
able to confume, that we may have a continual fupply
futceiﬁirely, without any difcountinuance, it being
much more commodious to have an over-plus of them
than to want, the fureﬂ way is to keep particularly
to thofe forts that are the molt ﬁrong, and that laﬁ:
a great while cabbaged before they run to ﬂed, fuch
as are the Shall-Lamas, the Parpigzzam, the great
Garzaa’r, the Aubar-villz‘arr, and the Auﬂfiabattar, or
Aaﬂrian Lattuaer, which Imull confefs too are along
time cabbagirzg. .
The third Reafon, is, That the Mari, which is
the Rot, that begins at the ends of their Leaves, feizcs
' " ' them

    

  

       

“Was-mg“ “new?“ , , “aim

“‘7 5“ air -,»
We» " .5» r a

204. . The Camp ete- gard'ne’r. ol. 1!.
them fometimes, and that when the Ground or the _
Seafon is not favourable unto them, they remain thin
and lean, and run up to Seed inl’tead of fpreading and
cabbeging. . There is hardly any remedy to prevent
this R‘or‘, becaufe there is hardly any to be found ef.
feEtual ‘againl’t the cold and rainy Seafons'that caufe
it -, but againl’t the defeéts that may be in the Ground
there are infallible ones, that is to fay, it mull be
amended and improved with fmall Dung, if it be bar-
ren, whether it be Tandy, or a grofs cold Earth -, and
to this laﬂ we ihould give a SIOpe, if when the Ground
is good, the Water fpoils it by {landing too much
upon it, and by that means make all the Plant: grow-
ing thereto rot : Good Dung rhroughly rotten being
the Soul or Primzim Mobile of Kitchen-Gordan, with
out which, no more than Without frequent waterings
and dreﬁing of the Ground, no Man. can ever be richly
ﬂor’d with ﬁne and goodly Legumes;

There yet remains to be known, for the perfeE’r
underﬂanding the ordering of Lennon, that they
which grow biggeﬂ mull be placed ten or twelve ln-
ches one from another, which is to be underﬂood
ofthe S bell Lettziees, Perpigmm, Aziﬂriavzn Bellgardr,
or Fair Loo/cs, Aubervillierr, Alphanger, and Imperiizlg
and for thofe that bear Heads but of a midling ﬁze,
the diﬂance of feven or eight Inches is enough, which
are the bright curled, the Mort, the little red, and the
green Chico): Lettiicer, arc. Thofe that will be ood
Husbands, may fow Raddi/lie: in their Lettuce-ids,
becaufe the Raddiﬂie: will be drawn out and fpent
before the Lettuce: cabbage, and for the fame reafon,
becaufe the Endive: ase much longer before they come
to perieé‘rion than the Letterm, we may planriome of
thefe lair among the Endive: -, they agree well enough
one with anorher, and f0 we may have a double Crop
together upon the lame Bed, and in the fame Sealon :,
for the Lettuce: are gather’d Full, and afterwards the
Endive: arrive to their full Goodnels.

MACHFS,

     

a,
t,

m‘ :tff'ﬁvrgsir gs Wfidva l ,. "135“” __A, ,

V‘ol. ll. Tanomplete _Gard’ner. 195
M

MACHES, Mafcbes or CornaSallacir, are multiplied
only by Seed, which is very fmall,and of an Orange Co—
lour. They are a fort of little Sallad, which we may
calla Wild and rul’cical Sallad, becaufe indeed it is fel—
dom brought before any Noble Company; they are
multiplied by Seed, which is gather’d in fuly, and are
only ufed towards the end of Winter -, we make Beds
for them, which we! fow about the end of Auguﬂ 5
they are hardy enough to reﬁl’t the vigour of the Froﬁ;
and becaufe they produce a great many little Seeds that
eaﬁly fall,though wehave but a little quantity of them,
they will propagate themfelves fuﬁiciently, without
any other Culture but weeding them. *

MALLOWS, or Maﬁa-Mallow, are propagated
only by Seed, which are like one anorher in lhape, but
yet are different as well in Colour as in Biggneis; for
the Seed of the Mallow: is much bigger than that of _
the Muffin-Mallow, and that of this latter are of a
deeper brown than that of the plain Mal/aw: 5 they are
both triangular, and ﬁreakcd‘ all Over.

They ought to be allowed a place in our Kitchen.
Gardcm, though Civility will not permit us to ex-
plain in this Treatife what ufes they fetve for 3 and
although they be Plants of the field: rather than of a
Garden, they grow of their own aCcord, and have no
more need or'cultivating, than the Weed: which infeﬁ
the good Plants; when ,we have a mind to have any
of them in our Gardens, it will be hell to few them in
fome bye-place.

MARfORAM, is propagated only by Seed, which,
is very little, and lhaped almoﬂ like 21 Lemma ,
more pointed on the one ﬁde than on the other,
it is fpeckled in fome places with little white Specks,
and as it were ﬁreaked with white all over ;,

1t

i“ L ‘»‘”r‘V33 ‘51 , 5:... V-s 3‘ (

 

‘ ‘ ;_ "i: .34 “3"“, ii

666 The? Cowleterﬁani‘m . _ Vol. IL:
it is of a pretty light Cinnamon Colour, is an odori-‘A
ferous Plant, of which We‘écompofe agreeable Bar--
den and Edging: : There is the Winter ~Marjordm,‘
which is the belt; and'the SummerLMarjoram, which a
hit not beyond the Seafon; both of them are multiu
plied’by Seed, and likewife by rooted Slips or Suck- i
try, they are principally ufed in making erﬁzmes.

'MELONS, oiank-Melam, aré multiplied by a

Seed which is like that of a Coucumber, excepting in \
Colour; which in M6110”: is of a pale red, and is not
:fo broad as that of the others; they are taken out
of the Bellies of the ripe Mark-Melons; of the Cul-
ture of which we {hall here prefent. you with a moﬁ
ample Account, as it is has been delivered by the Ho«
nourable Mr. ﬁlm Evelyn. . _ _.

 

Direti'iau:

"Wit ‘

W‘OL II ﬂelfompletéi Gard’n‘e'rQ 170;

Direﬂiom concerning M E L 0 N S,

 

 

“ HE molt undegenerating fort of Melam- are
“ not large, but of a middling like, the Rbiml
9‘ thin, faintly embroider’d, and without being Ribb’d
“ or divided along the Sides, or at leal’t very obfcure-
“ 1y: Others there are which be whitiih, fome of a
“ Slate colour, Red—ﬂefh, dry, yet melting in the
‘»‘ Mouth, and not at all mealy, but of an high and.
“ generous Gull. In a word, the only fort (after
“ Trials of many hundred Kinds) I have Cultivated
“‘ with Succefs, and that retain their good Qualities
“ more than Twenty Years, without any confiderable
f‘ Alteration. .

“ Every'Gard’mr now-a-days knows how to raife
“ Inf/0721‘, but very few to govern them; thegreata
“ ell diﬁiculty whereof is in the Guelding of Super-
“ ﬂuities, to caufe them to knit, and bear as they
“ fhould do. In order to which, obferve thefe few
ff DireEtions: ’ ' ‘ ’ f? The

Pyrﬂﬁw“ ,7 v. ’13.»; ,‘v
, w ~> _ _ .

208 T be Complete Gardner U H

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“ The ﬁrﬂ thing appearing (after the Seed is fown ,
andthe Plant: prick’d Out from the Hot bed into
a more temperate) are a pair. of fmall fmo‘oth
Leaver, which ( in Frame ) we call the Ears ,
marked I. t. ingthe‘ Figure. A few days after,
’twixt thefe, es up aﬁngle Leaf, which we
call the ‘ﬁrI’t; éaf, as being on the [hit KnOt, 720-
ml 2. Nextaothis, in the fame place and foon

   

«after there-appears anorher, which we term the

Second Knot, marked 3. About the middle of
whofe Stall: there [hoots out another Leaf, call’d
the Third Knor, ﬁgured 4. Which Third Knot
is always to be prun’d off at Fig. 6. ‘but with
Care, andwit‘hout wounding the Stalk or Branch
of the Second Knot, marked 3. upon which that
Third did grow -, it being. from this place you will
ﬁnd that {Branch to fprout, which we call the Firﬁ
Leader -, and is that which will fend out a Firﬂt,
Second and Third Knot; which" Third (and all
other fuch Thirds) you muﬂ; eut, or pinch ofF,
as you did the Other, without Praying till a Fourth,
or Fifth, or more; {hoot out. It is, I ﬂy, from
thefe Knots and Joints, that Other Branches in like
manner will proceed, knit, and form into excellent
Fruit, provided the Foot“ and Original Stem have
been well nourifhed in rich, warm, and proper
Mould, and well expOS’d. '

“ I mull not forget, that from the middle, like.
wife ’twixt the Bar, and two ‘ﬁrﬂ Leaves, there

frequently rifes another Branch, which you may

abate, or leave 0n, as you ﬁnd it likely to prove,

‘ efpeclally if a vigorous one 5 but the Leave ﬁgured
‘ ;, iiiuing form the middle of the Fourth Joint, and
‘ feveral more befides, fucceﬂively fprin‘g—ing out of
‘ one another, as you fee the Forth from the Third

(and as all the tell I have marked do)‘I purpofely
omit, and have only ﬁgur‘d, as‘fuperﬂuous t0 tlfe
Ingenious Gm’d’mr.

“3 When

o1. ll. Ii vibe Complete Gardner:~ . 109

“ When I Tranfplant from this Nmﬁry-bad (into
”‘ the prepared Holes or Ridges, and open Melanie”)
" “ I commonly place two Roots together, unlest meet
‘“ with an extraordinary good Plant, and then fpare
‘“ both the Branches which fpring from each ﬁde,
“ “ ’twixt the Ear and Leaf 7, 7, as before is ﬂiew’d:
"“ But when I Plant two Roar: near'each Other (as I
*"“ do when they are nor very fair ones) I totally re-
*“ je8c borh Branches which (hoot from the two oppo-
-“'“ lite Ears, to avoid that Confuﬁon of ,thofe Super-
‘ ‘“ numeraties which injure the principal Stan: and Foot
"“ it felf.

“ Never fuﬁer the Root, or Stalk: of your Melon
“‘ Plants, to touch the Dung ; nor fhould you water
~ “ them in immoderately, but when the Earth is very
“f dry, and the Seafon excelﬁvely hot, refreih, and
““ﬂ give the Roots Drink, without deferring it ”till the
“‘ Shoat: complain, when it may come too \late: I
““ water them in thefe parching Seafons, two or three
“ times every Week, and in the Evenings when the
“ Sun is fetting, and then cover them With Mainf-
“ far, from Eleven ”till Two a-Clock; and in the
u, Afternoon during the Sun’s excefﬁve Violence,
“ which exhauﬂs and confumes the Humidity necef-
“ fary to both Root: and Branches.

“ Icover my Melaniara alfo when it rains, leﬁ too
“ much moiilure prejudice the Fruit, all which re-
“ quires a great deal of Care, and no fmall Pains,
“ though this regular Proceeding is to me a real
“ Pleafure. -

“ When the Foot of your Melon—Plant grows
“ over luxurious in Bramber, cut away the feeblei’t
‘ of them, leaving not above three or four of the
“ moﬂ vigorous, and whofe Knots grow nearefi tov
“ one anorher: And when the Melons are knit, fuffer
"‘ not above two upon each Foot, chuﬁng fuch as are
"‘ bell plac’d, and neareli to the main and principal

ff Stem, which ihould be thick, fnug, and not tpo
?‘ ar

     

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’1 1 o The Complete Gard’nerl Vol. ".1”
“ far above the Ground. Of thefe that are knit, and...
“ beginning to form, make choice of the handiomeﬂl;
“ that are well trufs’d with a thick fhort Tail; Mars:
“ lam- with long ﬂarts, ﬂender and narrow Lettuce-rt
“ never prove worth any thing. a ,
“ When you begin to cover with Bells, raife therm.
“ To upon little Forks, as they neither reli upon the»?
“ Fruit or Branches, or quite exclude the Air; butt-
“ [0 as to keep the edges from bruiﬁng, and preiﬁnggn
“ the tender Stalk, and intercepting the Currenu.
“ Sa .
" “‘jlt now and then happens, that there rifes a 122.: '
“ cond Branch from between the Bars, and two ﬁritiﬂ,
“ Leaves (though I mention’d indeed but one) but .
“ this is very feldom, and you are [till to count. "
“ them but for one Joint or Knot, thoughﬁthere willl
“ thence proceed a Second, Third, Fourth, and per-- '
“ haps Twenty or Thirty more, and further remote, ‘
“ if you let them alone, and be not vigilant to re.-
‘ lirain and ﬂop his Exuberance in due time. ’Tis ‘
“ true, they will prefent you with Fruit at the Extre- ‘
‘ mities of their Branches, but ’tis little worth, as.
‘ being fo far diiiant from the Root, that the 8417‘ ~‘
“ fpends it felf in rthe tedious pa age before it‘ar-
" rives as you’ll ﬁnd by the withered Branch, and.
‘ drynefs of the Leaves which fhould skreen both:
“ Branches, and Fruit ’till they are ripe, as we lees
“ they do. where a Melon has :1 (iron and fubﬁantial f~
“ Foot. A curious Gard’m'r therefore {hould Vlﬁt‘ '
‘ his Melanie/e from time to time, and be cutting oi?
“ all mutilated, ﬁarv’d and vicious Branches which '
‘ annoy the Plants, for thefe Impertinents will grow
“ even to the View of ones Eye, and quite Impove- -
“ rifh the Fruit, if not timely prevented. _
“ Thus you iée I am careful to purge the Stem of”
all the fmall, ﬁraggling, and unproﬁtable Branches :-
C‘ from which there is no Expeé‘tation of good Fruit;
whim obfervi‘ng thofe that have well knit Mflam
‘ on

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v51; II ~ I The Complete Gardiner: i I?

. “ on them at the ends of the Branches; I confiantly
“ take away the reﬁ of that Brunch on this ~tide the
‘_‘ Fruit," which divaricating into other ufelefs Wan-
“ deters, would rob, and deprive the Fruit of the ‘
“ Nutriment derived from the Root; neverthelefs
“ with this Caution, that in pruning, I fpare fome
“ other Iefs Noxious Branches to (hade the Fruit that

‘ “ it be not left quite naked, and expos’d to fuch a

’ “ fcorching Heat as would hinder its Growth and

”“ Maturity, which within forty Days from its Na-

’ “ tivity and knitting into Fruit, arrives to full Pet:

’ “ feétion.

“ Great and Pumpion-like Mdom are very feldom

“ tolerably good, as arriving to their bulk either

2' “ from the Nature of the Seed, and Kind, or from

" “ fuperﬂuous Watering the fmaller ones 3 wherefore

"“ (though as I faid they cannot fupport the too ex-

’ “ ceﬂive Heats) the Iefs Water you give your Plants
“‘ (provided you ﬁnd them not to want it) the bet-

"‘ ter 5 and that rather a little at a time than much:

:“ Once a Week is for the moi’t part fuﬂicient. As

"‘ to this therefore you muﬂ determine, ‘and regu-

" “ late your Refreihments with great Circumfpeﬁlion, ’
‘“ and 'udgeby the Nourifhment which you conceive
"‘ necellary to produce and maintain the Foot, with

J“ its Branches, and Leave: deriving from it-, with-

“ out, which no Kind and Genuine Fruit is to, be ex:

”“ peered.

“ When you 'would gather a ripe Melon, you will
"“ have notice by its turning a little Yellow, for
="‘ from that time within a day (as the Weather
"‘ proves) it does ordinarily ripen, and begin to
“‘ caﬁ a greatful Scent, This Yellownefs appearing
"‘ in fome Part of it or other, and not feldom
“‘ with fome Riftr, or little Chafm about the
i“ Stalk, ate. are molt infallible indications of its
"‘ being leﬁ rather too long, than too haf’tily ga—

f‘f‘; ther’d: The Gard’uer muﬁ therefore not fail of
' Q2 Viﬁt-

   

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‘21.: The fompIet'e gard’nerl Vol.11,

c‘ Viﬁting the Miloniere at the leail three times a
3 Day, Morning, Noon, and Evening, for this Cri-
‘ tical time of ripening. Hewill Iometimes ﬁnd
“ Melam- ripen too fall, but they are feldom or never
“ good, as proceeding rather from a ﬁckly, or vi-
“ cious Root, than from the Nature of the Hunt, or
“ Species of ,thofe l cultivate,

‘f After twenty four Hours keeping, or the next
“ Day after it has been gather’d (for fo long, Con‘
“ trary to Vulgar Opinion, it {hould be preferv’d in
“ fome fweet dry place) and not eaten immediately
“ as it comes from the Garden: A perfeét and tran.
“ fcendent Melon will be full juicy, and without any
“ Vacuity (which you’ll eaﬁly difcern by rappinga
“ little with your Knuckles upon the outﬁde of the
“ Fruit) the Meat ﬂlould alfo be dry, or but a little
“ Rorid meazing out of the Pu p, but by no means
“ Wat’rilh and Flalhy. To this add a Vermillion Co-
“ bull, a grateful Flavor, and an high and Racy
“ a e. ”

“ Laﬁly, Referve for Seed of that only which lies
“ towards the Sunny ﬁde of the Melon, which being
“ immediately cleans’d from its Mucilage, with a
“ dry Linnen Clorh, referve in Boxes, or Papers,
_“ in fome Temperate and fweeter place.

MINT, or Spare-Mint, is multiplied only by Rama
new, that are like fo many Arm: that fpring out of its
Tuﬁ, and take root, it iii likewife propagated by cut-.
tings, but bears no Seed.

’Tis called in French, Balm, when once planted it
needs no other particular Caz/tare, then being cut down
clofe to the Ground every Year at the end of Autumn,
to make it lhoot out’Srore of tender Sprouts in the
Spring, which are mingled with the furnitures of
Swede, for them that love them, ’tis a little fpicy
and perfumed: lr mull be renewed every three Years,
3t leali, and placed always in good Earth; the Bran.

eiw, when wt ofl take 7'00! at the place where they are

cover’d,

   

7

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The Cowplet'ee Gard’nerI _

cover’d, and by that‘means of one great Taft we may
eaﬁly make a great many, which are to be planted‘ at
the diliance of a Foot one from the other, in the

' Winter likewife we plant fome thickTuﬁs ofit upon

Hot Beds, and by taking care to cover them with Bel/‘5‘,
they fpring very well for about ﬁfteen Days, and

then pertfh. , .
Mufcats, are a kind of Grapes, which when they

attain to their natural goodnefs, are one of the molt ‘

conﬁderable commodities of a Kitchen-Garden, there
are three forts of them, viz. white, red, and lilac/E, the
white is commonly the beli of the three, it requires a
temperate Country, and the expoﬁtions of the Sourb
and Eaj}, and always a light Ground, we feldom fee

any good in pure Earth, and if it be in hot Climates, in '

gravelly and fandy Grounds; they. profper very well

upon Counter-E/pizlliers, or Pole-bedge-treer, and even /

in the open Air, their Goodnefs conﬁﬁs in having
large, yellow, and crackling Berries, and growing
thin in their Clufiers, and in a rich musked Tali;
but- yet not too ﬂrong like Spani/b ones. The Pro-
vince of Twain produces admirable ones. Their Cu]?
run: is exaElly the fame as the C haﬂela’s Grapes, both
as to their Pruning, and manner of propagation.
The Long-Maﬁa, called otherwife the Pqﬂk-
‘ Mufguce, is anorher fort ofGrape, whofe Berry is big-
ger and more longifh than that of the ordinary Muf-

mi, and its Cliiﬂers are alfo longer, 'but yet its Talk; ,

is nothing near fo rich as that of the others,
N

NASTURCES, commonly called Capacirz Capers,
are multiplied only by Seed, which is a kind of PM
.or Harcot, or from?) Ben”, which climbs and gets up
upon Branches or Poles, which are neareﬁ it, the Leaf
of it is pretty large, and the Flower of an Orange Co-
lour, the ﬁgure of the deed is a little pyramidal, di-

(13 titled

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‘ ' vided by ribs, having all its fuperﬁcies engraven and -
wrought all over, being of a gray colour, inclining
"to a light Cinamon: They are fown in Hot-Bed: a-
bout the end of March, or the beginning of April,
and afterwards are replanted by Tome Wall, well ex-
pos’d. The Seed eaﬁly falls as foon as ever ’tis ti 6,
as cloth that ofBorage, and Bell: de nuit, or Nz'gbtjjzir
m, and therefore they mull be carefully gather’d.

O.

ONIONS, as well the white as the red, are multi
plied only by Seed which as I have already faid, is
like that of Ciboulr. .

They are either red or white, which lail are fweet-
er and more prized than the red ones; there’s no bo-
dy but knows how many ufes they ferve for 3 they are
propagated only by Seed, which is commonly fown
about the latter end of February and beginning of
March, in Beds of good Earth, and well prepared,
and afterwards raked with an Iron Rake to cover
them, as is done to other I'mall Seeds: They mull be
fown thin, that they may have room to grow to their
full bignefs, and therefore if they come up too thick,
they mull be thin’d; by pulling fome of them up as
foon as they are big enough, which is towards the
Month ofﬂlay, which we tranfplant in order to ufe
inflead of Cibnll/S. Though the ordinary Seafdn for
fowing Onions be at the end of Winter, yet we may
fow them in September, and tranfplant them afterwards
in May, by which means we may have fome full grown
at thetvery beginning of fit/y, which we may gather,
plucking them ﬁtﬁ out of the ground as foon as that
time comes, and then alter we have dry’d them two
or three days it. the hot Sun, lay them up in fome
dry place, to keep all the Year in cafe of need. We ‘
mull not forget vr hen our Om'om begin to appear with

pretty

   

 

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’ Vole“. The Complete Gardner: 2 I;

, pretty thick Stem above the Superﬁcies of the Earth,,
that is, when they begin to advance towards their Ma-
turity, to break them down either by treading them‘
under our Feet, or with a Board prefs’d pretty hard
down upon them, becaufe by that means, the nou-
rifhment that was before fpent in their Stems, being
hindred- from mounting upwards, will all remain and
fettle in that part, which (I think) is improperly
called the Head, and make it grow f0 much the big-
ger. I have already told you elfewhere, how their
Seed is to be raifed.‘

P

PARSLT, as well the common as the curled fort,
is multiplied only by Seed, which is little and very ~
{mall and of a greenifh grey colour, and a little hen:
ding inward on one ﬁde, and all over ﬁreak’d with
little tiling Streaks from one end to the other. Both
forts are of great ufe in Kitchen: all the Year long, as
well for its Leaver as Roots; it is comprehended under
the title ofl/erdnrer, or green Pot-Herb: : We ought
not to fail in the Spring, to fow a reafonable quantity of
it in every Garden, and that pretty thick, and in good
and well prepared Ground. When its Leaves are cut
it {boots out new ones, like Sorrel; it reﬁlls well e-
nough a moderate, but not a violent Cold, and there-
fore ’tis bell to bellow fome covering on it in Winter,
to defend it. When we would have any of it to pro-
duce large Roots, we mull thin it in Bed: or Borders
where it is fown, it requires pretty much wat’ring
in very hot Weather. There are fome who pretend
to have a kind of Par/Icy bigger than ordinary, but for
my part I know no fuch kind. The curled Parﬂey ap-
pears more agreeable to the ﬁght than the common
fort, but is norhing the better for that. We gather
our Parﬂey Seed: in Augu/Z and September. \

Q 4. PARSLEZA

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The Complete Gard’n‘erl ’VolJL‘“

PARSLEI' MACEDONIAN, or Allyazzders, is alfo '.
propagated only by Seed, which is pretty big and
oval, and a little more full and fwelling On one lide "
than on the other, which bends a little inward, ﬁreak’d
throughout its whole length, and is ﬁreak’d a-crofs on "~
the ’edges between the ﬁdes. -

It is one of the Furnitures of our Winter-Sallads,
, which mui’t be whitened like our wild Endive or Sem-

. any, that is to fay, at the end of Autumn, we mull:
cut down all its Leaves, and then cover the Bed where
it grows, all over with :long dryr Dung, or Straw
Screnes, fo clofe that the Frolt may not come at it, by
which means the new Leaves that ‘fpring from it,
grow white, yellowilh, and render. We fow it in the
Spring, pretty thin, becaufe it produces a great many
'iarge Leaves,and we gather its Seed the latter- end of
Summer 5 it is a good hardy Plant, and defends it felf
pretty “well from the Drought,without requiring much
wat’ring. . '

PASS-PIERRE, Pie‘reePierre, that is, Pzgf: or
Pierce-820726, being a kind of Stone-Patﬂey, is'multi-
plied only by Seed, which is more long than round,
pretty big, of a greenifh gray colour, ﬂriped on' the
back and belly, and relembling a Lute in Shape. ‘

PARSNIPS are multiplied only by Seer], which is
fiat, and of a round ﬁgure, a littleoval, and as if it
were hem’d or edg'd, {treaked throughout its length,
and is of the Colour of'a brownifh Straw. '

They are a fort ofRoeI: well known in our Kirebem.
We fow them towards the end ofWim’er, either in open
‘ Ground, or Borders, and that always pretty thin, and
in good and well prepared Ground 3 and if they come
up too thick, they muﬂ be thin’d as foon as May
comes in, that they which are left may be the better
nouriih’d, and grow the fairer.

PEA-SE, are multiplied only by Seed 3 there are
great ones, little ones, white ones, or yellow ones,

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\lol; ll.‘ Tbe Complete Gard’nerl - iﬁ‘

_ and green ones; all the World know they grow in
, Codr, and are almoﬁ round, and fometimes half ﬂat.

‘~ They may be placed in the rank of Kitchen-Plants:
It is a good ruitical or hardy Plant, which commonly
is fown in the open Field, without needing any other
Culture than being weeded whilf’t it’s young, that is,
before it begins to cod 5 but when they are propt they
yield more than when they are not: They require
pretty good Ground, and a little Ram to make them
tender and delicate, and mull be fown pretty thin.

There are feveral forts of them, viz. Haﬂings, green, .

white and fguare ones, orherwife called large'eoddecl
Peafe, 67c. We may have of them in the Months of
May, fame, fuly, Auguﬂ, September, and Oﬂober 5
. for to have fome all that while, after the ﬁrﬂ, we
have no more to do, but to fow them in different
Months, to haveghem ﬁt for eating three Months after;
T hofe forts of which we are mof’t choice in Kitchen.
Gardens, are the Htgﬂingr,bot11 white and green, which
are of a midling iize: We fow them at the end of
Gflobermnder the [helm of fome Eaﬂern or Southern
Well, and fometimes we alfo raife Ridges, or ﬂop’d
Banks for that purpofe, and to difpofe them to come
up f0 muc 1 the fooner when they are fown, we make
them fprout ﬁve or fix days before, by laying them
to ﬁeep two days in water, and afterwards laying
them in a place where the Cold cannot come at them
’till their ﬁrﬁ Root begins to appear. Hard Weather
fpoils them quite, which is the reafon why all we can
do will not procure us any good ones ’till the latter
end of May: We likewife fow fome upon Hat Bed:
at the end offbbrmzzy, in order to tranfplant them by
the ﬁdes of fome well-expofed Wall, in cafe thofe
fown at the latter end of Offober preceding happen to
have been fpoiled by the Froﬁ. Our laﬁ time of
fowing them is at leidﬂmzmer, to have them ﬁt to
eat about All-Hallntotide.
PIMPIL'RJVEL. See Burner. ‘
POMPIONS,

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1| 3 i The CompleteGard’nerI Vol.3“;

POMPIONS, or Pumpiom, or Pamkim'. See Ci- ,
trails. , '
PURSLAIN, as well of the green, as red or yel-
low fort, is multiplied only by Seed, which is black,
and. entraordinary fmall, and of a half ﬂat roundiﬂr
ﬁgure r To have a good Crop of this Seed, the Para
ﬂair: Plant: muf’t be replanted at the end of May, at
a full Foot diltance one from the other; the Seed
grows in little Husks or Shells, each of which contain
a teat many- and when we are to gather it, we cut
cg all the Pleads from the Stalks, and lay them to
dry alittle in the Sun, and then we beatthe Seed

but, and fan or skreen it.
' It is one of the 1prettyel’t Plant: in a Kitchen-Garden;
which is‘principa 1y ufed in Sail/2dr, and fometimes in
Pattages, there are two forts of it, the green and the
red or golden 5 this latter is the more agreeable to the
Eye and the more delicate and difﬁcult to raife, fo
thatxin hard Weather we have much ado to make it
grow even upon Hot bale, and under Bells, for it fel-
dom profpers in open Bed: ’till about the middle of
May, and then too the Earth mull be very good, fweet
and very 10012:, and the Weather very fair, and there-.
fore for our ﬁrﬁ Pllrﬂdlﬂ which we are not to begin
to fow upon Hat 5671: till towards the middle of
March, we mull ufe only the gram fort, becaufe the
yellow or golden fort dwindles away as foon as it comes
up, unlels the Seafon be a little advanced, and the Sun
a little hot, which is towards the end ol‘April: It. is.
eommonly fown very thick, becaufe its Seed is f0 very
i‘mall that it cannot be fown thin. When we low
it upon Hot-beds, either when it is cold, and that by
eoniequeuce either Glafs~Frames or Bell-Glall'es are
needi‘ul, or in milder Weather, we Only prefs down
the ﬁlm/d about it with our Hand, or with the Back
eta Spade :, but. when we low it in open Beds, which
melt in: well prepared for that purpofe, we take it:
. ovea‘

memtmwwv WW: "2"!" v tr-
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Vol, IL The Complete Gardner; / itg

‘ over ﬁve or ﬁx times with an Iron Rake, to make the

Seed enter into the Ground. .

The way to raife Seed from it, is to tranfplant Tome
Plant: of it that are big enough, into Beds well prepa.
red, at the diﬂance of eight or ten Inches 5 the Months
of freeze and fuly are proper for that effeﬁt, and then
in a little time after, they are run up, and have done
ﬂowiring, as foon as ever we perceive any of their
Husks to open, and difcover fome black Seed, we
muff cut down all their Stem, and lay them fome
Days in the Sun, till all the Seed be quite ripened, and
then we beat them out, and winnow them, €9’e. Mic
muﬂ be careful to tranfplant each fort apart by it
felf, that we may not be ,miliaken in the Seed when
we are to fow it. The thick Stalks of Peer/lain that is
to run to Seed, are good to pickle in Salt and Vinegar
for Winter Sallads.

R.

RADISHES, are multiplied by Seed, which is round,
pretty thick, and of a reddifh Cinamon Colour -, it
grows in- a kind of little Cods.

When Radi/be: are qualiﬁed with all the goodneﬁs ,
they {hould have, that is, when they are tender, ,

fnap eaﬁly, and are fweet, are in my opinion one of
the Plants that give the molt pleafure of any in our
K ztcbezz Gardens, and that give it as often and as long
as any of them all, and I look upon them as a kind of
Mamie in our Gardens. There feems to be no great
care retypired to make them grow, it being indeed on.
ly nece ary to fow them pretty thin, in well prepa-
red loofe and mellow Earth, and to water them

foundly in dry W earher; and with this Cultzere they "

will attain all the perfeé’tion they are cap ble of. But
the main Points here in queﬂion, are l-haﬂ, to be al-
ways provided with deed of a good kind; and fecond-
l y, take order to have Rzzdi/be: without difcontinu»

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'“5 7”” (”"le 9ard'ner; ‘ Vol. II.

ation from Febmary, ’till the coming in of the Froﬂs _
in the beginning of November : The Seed which ,is of
a good kind, is that which produces few Leaves, and ’
a long red Root, for there are fome which produce a ’
great many Leaves, and little Root: 5 and when once
we are provided with Seed of a good kind, we muff
be extream careful to propagate it in fome well pre-
, red Spot of Ground, a F00t and a half afunder : "
eing fo tranfplanted, they will run up, ﬂower, and
yield Seed ripe enough to gather by the end of feel};
and then we cut down all their Stem, and after they
have been dry’d fome days in the Sun, we beat out
the Seed, and winnow it, E922 '
Thofe Stock: of them that run to Seed, {hoot up
their Branches to (rich a heighth, and pufh out their
Flower; {0 far, as ifrhey knew not where to Rep, and
therefore it'is‘ good to pinch off thofe Branches to a
reafonable length, that the ﬁrﬁ Pod: may be the better
nourifhed.
‘ But it is not enough to raife good Seed, we mult
likewife take order to be fupplied with good Radz' 1e:
for eight or nine Months in the Year : The ﬁrﬂ that
are eaten grow in Hot Beds, the manner or railing
which I have explain’d in the Works of November ~,’
and by the means of thofe Hot Bed: we may have
fome during the Months ofPebruary, March, and A-
, pril, Otherwife not; and in order to have fome all
the Other Months, we muﬁ fow fome among all man-
ner of Seeds, they coming up fo very quickly, that
we have time to gather our Radi/be: before they can
do any harm to the other Plants. Radiﬂaes are ex-
treamly apprehenﬁve of the excefﬁve Heats in Sme-
ezzer, which makes them grow ltrong, as they term it, V
too biting, ﬁringy, and fometimes very hard; and
therefore in that Seafon we fhould low them in loofe
mellow Ground, where the Sun {hines but little ; and
ﬁre heﬁ way will be to make up a Bed or two for that
purpoi‘: along the ﬁd;s of lime Northern Wall, ﬁll?1
mt _

 

vol. ll. , The Complete Gard’nerl ’ it?
_ with Monld to the depth of a large Foot and a half;
and to {ow our Rack/be: there, and water them well.
In Spring and! Autumn, when the Sun is not f0 hot,

Rack/be: take wellenough in open Ground, and in
the openr-aAir.‘

RASSBERRIES, both red and white, are propagated 7

only by ﬂips that fprout out of their ﬂocks every
Year in the- Spring time, and are ﬁt to replant the
next Spring after.

Both the white and the red begin to ripen about the
beginning of fuly : They are planted in March, either
in 8er or Borders, obferving the dil’tance of two Foot
between Plant and Plant; they {hoot out during the
Summer many well rooted Suckers, fome of which we
take away to make new Plantations, by which means
the old ones are likewife renewed, for they are dry as
foon as their Fruit is gather’d. The only Culture ufed
to them is, ﬁrﬁ, in the Month of March to {horten
all their new Shoot: which we perceive round about
the Stock, and which ought only to be thickel’t and hand:
fomeﬂ, and in the fecond place, to pluck away all
ahedfmall ones, as likewife the old ones that are

ea .

REPONCES, or wild Radzﬂrer, are propagated on-
ly by Seed, and are a fort of little Radifbe: that are
gatin in Sallads, and grow without any Pains in the

ie ds. \

ROCAMBOLES, are a fort of mild Garlic/é, other-
wife called Spam/71 Garlick, which is multiplied both
by Cloves and by Seed, which latter is about the big-
nefs of ordinary Faye '

ROCAMBOLES. See Shel/0H.

ROCKET, being one of the Sallad Furnitures, is
multiplied by Seed, which is extream little, and of a
Cinamon, or dark Tan Colour.

’Tis fown in the Spring, its Leaf is pretty like that
of Raﬁ/726:.

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R OS E MA RT, is a, little very odoriferous Shrub,
that is fpropagated by Seed or Branches that have fome '

(hate 0 Root. .

It is principally ufed for the perfummg ofChambers,
and in De'coElions for waﬂnng the Feet, it is multi.
plied in the fame manner as Rue, and other Border
‘ Plants, and lalls ﬁve or ﬁx Years in its place. ‘

RUE, is multiplied by Seed, whofe lhape refembles
that of a Cocks Stone; it is of a black Colour and rug-

ed; but yet we ul’ually propagate it rather by its
in)”: and Cuttingr, than by its Seed;

’Tis a Plan: ofa'very ﬁrong Smell, of which we
' plant fame Borders in our Gardens, and is hardly of
any ufe but againll the Vapours of the Mother.

S.

SAGE, is multiplied only by a kind of hooked Slip:
that have a little Root.

It is a Border Plant, whofe Culture hath norhing
of articular, but is like that or the other Border.
her 3, as Rejenzary, Lavender, Wormwood, 80:. There
is a fort that is party-coloured, which to fome People
appears more agreeable than the common Sage, which
is of a palilh green Colour.

S A L S] FE, or Goon-beard, the common fort is
multiplied only by Seed, which is almoﬂ like in all
things to Seorzonera, except in its Colour, which is ‘
a little grayer; it is of a very long oval Figure, as if
it were f0 many little Cod: all over ﬁreaked, and as
. it were engraven in the Spaces between the Streaks,
which are retry (harp pointed towards the ends.

SPA [SH-SA LS IFT, or Seozonera is one of
our chiefell Roots, which is multiplied by Seed as well
as the others, and is admirable good boiled, both for
the pleafure of the Talle, and the health of the Body.
It is propagated only by Seed which is fown in Marci),

We mull be careful to face it very thin, whether tit
e

V ww‘wrar 1* ' :1?”th

Vol ll.‘i . ne‘Cmplete Gard’mrl in;

. be in Bed: or Borders, or elfe at leaﬂ to thin it after-
wards, that its Root: may grow the bigger. Seorza'.
mm runs up to Seed in fame and 3941}, and is gather’d
as foon as it is ripe.

SASIFT Common, is another fort of Root cultiva-
ted after the fame manner as the preceding one, but
is not altogether fo very excellent; they eaﬁly pafs
the Winter in the Ground, it is good to water both
forts of them in dry Weather, and to keep them are"
weeded, and efpecially to put them into good-’Earth
well prepared, of at leal’t two full Foot deep.

SAMPHIRE, called in French Pierce Pierre, is one
of our Sal/ad Furnitures, that is multiplied only by
Seed, and which being by nature very delicate 5 requires
to be planted by the ﬁdes of Walls expofed to the
South or Eaji, the open Air and great Cold being
pernicious to it. We ufually fow it in fome Pot
or Tub ﬁlled with Mould, or elfe on fome ﬁde Bank

towards the South or E: , and that in March or A— '

pril, and afterwards tran plant it in thofe placestabove
mentioned. ' ~
-’Tisa kind of Stone Par/Icy, multiplied only by 8:54
which is more long than round, and pretty big, o a,
greenilh gray Colour, liri ed on the Back and Belly,
and refembling a Lute in ape. ‘
SHALLOTS, or Efcbalotr, are multiplied by 013”.
[err or Kernel: which grow about the Foor of its Plant,
and are about the bignels of a Philberd Nut.
SHALLOTS, or Rommboler, otherwife‘ Spani/b-Gar~
lick, requires no orher Culture than common Garlic/E,
and are particularly remarkable, that their Seed: are
as good to eat, as their Clever taken out of the Earth.
Their Seed is large, and [owes to propagate them as
well as the Clever or Kernel: that compofe their Rent.
SMALLAGE, is multiplied only by Seed, whiélfia
reddifh, and pretty big, of a roundifh oval Figﬁrc,
a little more full and tiling on one ﬁde than'the o-
ther, and is ﬁreaked from one end to the other.
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SAVORT, is an annual Plant, ,a little Odoriferous,
which grows only from Seed, and whofe Leave: are '
ufed to fome Ragom, and particularly among Pezﬁ,
and Beam, it is fown in the Spring either in Bed: or
Borders. \ -

Sorrel, as well the lefl‘er'fort, which is the com.
mon one, as the greater one, are borh multiplied on-
ly by Seed, which is very fmall, ﬂick, and of a trian-
gular oval Figure, the ends of it being lharp and
~ pointed , and being of an excellent dark Cinamon‘
Colour. . _

ROUND SORREL is propagated only by Slip? or
Rumors, fo that out of one Tuft we may eaﬁly make
feveral Plant: of it. 7

WOOD-SORREL, or French Sorrel. See Alleluia.

Sorrel, in Kitchen-Garden Terms, is placed un~
der the Title of Verdorer, or green Pot-Herbs, and
accordingly is much ufed in the Pot. There are fome
iorts of it that produce larger Leaves than others,
which are called Sorrel of the greater fort; all the
forts may be fown in March, April, May, fore, fu-
ly, and Argo/2‘, and in the beginning of September
too, provided they be allowed time fuﬁicient to grow
big enough to reﬁl’t the rigour of the Winter : We
fow Sorrel either in open Ground, or elfe in liraight
Rows, or Furrows, in Beds or Borders, in all which
cafes it mul’t be fown very thick, becaufe many of its
Plant: perifh; It requires a Ground that is naturally
good, or elfe well improved with Dung. Its Culture
conliﬂs in being kept clear from Weeds, in being well
water’d, and being cover’d with a little Mould once
aYear after it’s ﬁrl’t cut down to the ground. That
Mould ferves to give it new Vigour, and the Seafons
mol’t proper for applying it, is in the hot Mouths of
the Year.

It is molt commonly multiplied by Seed, tho’ fome-
times we tranfplant form: of it that thrives very
well 5 we gather its Seed in fol/JV and Argo/l, There

rs

Vol. ll. The Complete Gard’mr. 2:5
'is a particular fort of Sorrel, called round Sorrel, for
the roundnefs of its Leaves, whereas thofe of the or
ther fort are {harp and pointed ; the tender Leaves of
this“ fort are fornetimes mixed with $11le Furnitures,
but it is ordinarily ufed in Bouil/iom, or thin Broths ,
it is multiplied by running Branches that take root in
the Earth as they run over it, which being taken off
and tranfplanted, produce thick Tufts, which alfo
prodUCe Other Runner’s and f0 in inﬁnitum.

SP 1N AGE is multiplied only by Seed, which is
pritty big and horned, or triangular on two ﬁdes, ha—
ving its Corners very {harp pointed and prickly, and
the Other part which is oppoﬁte to thofe two pomted
Horns is like a Purle, oi‘a grayilh colour.

It requires the beﬂ Ground, or at 16.11]: that which is
moﬂ: amended, or improved. They are multiplied on-
ly by Seed, we fow them either in open Ground, or
elfe in Furrows in i’ttaight Rows upon well prepared
Beds, and this we do feveral times in the Year, begin-
ning about the iixteenth of Auguﬂ, and ﬁnilhing a
Month alter ; the ﬁrﬁ are ﬁt to cut about the middle
of 017011”, the fecond in Lam, and the hill in Raga-
tiorz rim: ; thofe which remain after Winter run up
to Seed towards the end of May, which we gather
about the middle of fan: .- When they are once cut,
they fpring up no more as Sorrel does. All their C12!-
Iure conﬁﬂs in keeping them clear from Weeds, and
if the Autumn prme very dry, it is not amiis t0 wa-
ter them fometimes. The,»r are never tranfplanted, no
more than Cbcrvil, Crrjﬂer, Sic. ,

SKE RRE T8, are a tort of Roots propagated by
Seed, and cultivated like Other hours, as is direé‘ted
in the Month of March.

STRA W BE RRI Plants, as we‘l the white as the red,
and thOfe called Gzprom, are propagated only by Run.
nets, which are produced by a kind of Thread or
Strings, which fptinging onior the Body of the Plan;

- an

226 The Complete Gard’ner. Vol. “.3
and creeping along upon the Earth; eaﬁly enough!
take Root at certain Joints or Knots abouta foam
diﬁance one from the Other, which Knots coming tor
take Root, make new Plants which in two or three:
Months time are ﬁt to be tranfplanted ; they are plac’dh
three or four of them together to make what we:
calla Taft.

STRAWBERRIES : It is obferved that a Plantatiom
ofthem taken out of the Woods, turns to better ac‘:
Count when tranfplanted, than one ﬂipt off from the:
Garden Strawberries. We plant them either in Bede:
or Borders, both which mul’t be well prepared, amen-~:
ded, and labour’d, and ltirr’d up in one manner or:
Other, If it be dry or fandy Ground, both the Beds-t
and Border: mull be funk a little lower than the Alleys-i
or Pab- ways, the better to retain the Rain that falls,,
and the Water we bellow on them; a contrary Courfe:
mul’t be taken, if we plant them in ﬁrOng, heavy, andi
fat Earth, that is almol’t pure Clay, becaufe excef-Z
ﬁve Moil’ture rots the Roors : We place them ufual—-
1y nine or ten inches afunder, putting two or three:
Plant: in one hole, which is made with‘a Planting.
Stick -, the belt time to plant them, is during the whole:
Month of May, and the beginning of freeze, that is to:
fay, before the great .Heat comes in 5 we may alfol
plant them all the Summer Seafon in rainy weather..
It is particularly requifite to plant Nurferier of them
in May, and that in fome place near the North quat-
ter, the better to ﬂielter them from theviolent Heat
of the Summer Sun 5 and then we plant them about
three or four inches afunder 2 but when they are
grown big enough there, we tranfplant them after-
wards in SEer’mber, in order to make Beds or Squares
of them, according as we ﬁnd occaﬁon to have a great-
‘et or let's quantity of them. Their Culture conﬁl’ts
chieﬂy, Pit/i, in watering them well in dry Seafons;
Sew/W}, in leaving but a moderate number of Stem:
er upright Slum, to every Star/t three or four of ti;
mo

,—

val; ll.- ) The Complete Gard’ner.‘ 2‘27/

molt vigorous Shoots being enough; in the third place,
in leaving but three or four Strawberries of them that
appeared ﬁrﬁ and neareft the Stock on every Stem,
and therefore we muﬂ pinch off all their orher nu-
merous Bloifoms that grow out at the end of thofe
that have already bloﬂ‘om’d, or are f’till in blolTom,
becaufe none but the ﬁri’c produce any fair Straw-
berries, fcarce any of the left being ever known to
knit, or come to any PerfeE’tion, but when we are
careful to pinch them offjudicioufly, we may be af.
fured always to heme good Strawberries. I have al~
ready given DireEl'ions in the Works of the Mouth of
February, how to raife hal’ting Strawberries. Curi-
ous Perfons have ufually two Strawberries of two
iéveral Colours, viz. red and white, but they place
them in feveral Beds. The great Enemy to Stt‘awe
berry-Plantations, are the Tom, which are great
white Worms, that in the Month of May and frme
gnaw the Neck of their Roots, and f0 kill them: To
prevent which, in thofe Months we fhonid carefully
fearch every Day, under the Root: of all the Straw-
berries that begin to wither, where we (hall commonly
ﬁnd one of thefe great Worms, which after they have
done a mifchief to one, pafs on to do the like to 0-
ther Strawberry-Plants, and kill them in like manner.

Strawberry-Plenty hear very well the Year after
their planting, if planted in May, but yield very in~
differently if not planted till September after they are
taken out of the Woods, yet in the fecond Year
they bear wonderfully, but that being pali, they pro-
duce very pitifully, and therefore ’tis good to renew
them every tWO Years: It is likewife very conve—
nient to cut OPE every Year their old Tops, when the
Strawberries are gOne, which is commonly at the 1at~
ter end of fit/y. The earliel’t Strawberries that ripen
towards the end of May, are thofe that are planted

by the ﬁdes of Southern or Eallem Walls, and they
R z , that:

 

, ﬁ
, .r-_.r.. ,_tr;-w.A_‘_u LAM.

21.8 The Complete Gafd’ner. Vol. “a
that ripen laﬁ, are fuch as are planted in a Northern:

Expolition. .
8 UCL’O R T. See Endive.

T.

TIME is multiplied by Seed which is very
fmall, iOmetimes We feparate thoIe Plants or Stems
of it that produce feveral rooted Slips or Suckers;
to replanr them in Borders; for Time is feldon:
planted orhetwiie. .

’Tis an odoriferous Plant, which is multiplied as
well by Seed as rooted Branches or Slips. A Boro
tier of '1 71716 is a coniiderable and nCCeﬂaIy Ornament
in our Ki!c‘h€l[—Gdl‘dﬂl.

TRIPE-MADAM, is propagated both by Seed,
and Cuttings or Slips, every Staff or Stock of it pro-
duceth feveral Arms, which being fepnrar‘ed and re-
planted, eaiily take Root again -, the Seed of it is
grey, and lOngEih, and almol’t of the {hape ofParf
{tr/riﬂed, there grows a great deal of it upon every
Seed ﬂ‘alk, which runs up above one anOther like
thol'e ot‘Seed Carrots, 6%. there are feven or eight
of them in a fort of little open Cup, where they
grow ripe, after the falling of a little yellow Flower
inclining to an Olive Colour. -

It is one oi'our Sttlladahurnitures, ufed chieﬂy it
the Spring when ’tis tender, 3 little ofit ought tc
ferve in the Summer, becaufe it is then too tough;
’tis multiplied both by Seed and Cuttings.

TURA EPS are multiplied only by Seed which i:
almoll like that of Cit/tinge.

They are nor properly Kitchen-Garden Plants, bu
yet where they are fpacious, they may be admittet
into them.’ They are Ibwn very thick in Beds, form
in March, and Others in Auglgﬂ; we gather their
Seed in fun? and ring/J} : Every Body f0 well know}:

t i

J

,5 Vol. II. ‘ The Complete Gardner. 2 2.9
:1 the ufe ofthcm, that I need not fay any more on
' this point.
Tn RR AGON is one of the perfuming or fpicy
Furnitures of our Sallads, it is propagated both by
rooted Slips, and Seed; it fprings again feverﬂ
times after it is cut; it endures the Winter, and
i. needs but little watering in the driell Weather in
Summer; when we p’ant it, we mull allow eight or
nine inches diﬁance between Plant and Plant in the
f Beds, the bell time to plant in, is in allure/9 and
April, which hinders not but that we may tranfplant
it again in the Summer Seafon.

V.

VINES, of all forts, whether white, red, 552; are
multiplied by Layerr, by hooked or bent Slips, and
efpecially couched, and lallly by grafting.cleft-wife,

VIOLET Plimtr, as well the double as ﬁngle fort
and of what colour foever they be, though they pro:
duce Seed in little reddiih Shells or Husks, yet are
multiplied only by th: Slips they produce, each Plant
or Stock of them «growing infenﬁbly into a great
Tuft, which is divided into feveral little ones, Which
being replanted, grow in time big enough to be like-
' Wife divided into orhers. ‘

VIOLETS, efpecially the double ones, ferve to make
pretty Borders in our Kitchen-Garden: itheir Flowers
make a very agreeable Figure when they are artfully
placed on the Superﬁcies of Spring Sallads. Every
Body knows that they are propagated by Tufts, that
is, by dividing one great Tuft into feveral little ones,
which likewife in time grow thick, and ﬁt to be (ﬁt?
videtl into Other little ones. '

R 3 waning

2 3° 77" “WW 94rd’ner.‘ Vol. 11.
W . ‘

WORM WOOD is multiplied by Seed, which is :
of a pretty odd ﬁgure, being alittle bent inward in I“
_ its ﬁnalltﬁ part, and a little open on the other end, 1l3
which is bigger and rounder, and upon which there :
is a little black ipot, its Colour is yellowifh at the =
bigger end, and its (harpet end incllnes to black, its '
Seed is feldom ufed, becaufe it is very difﬁcult to
fan, being very light, and therefore when we have a
need of propagating Won/mood, we make ufe rather
of its Cuttings that are a little roored.

The Plant: of this and all Other Plant: placed in
Borders or Edgings, which are therefore called Border.
Plants, as of Time, Lavender, &C. are planted by a
Line, and at the dif’tance or two or three inches, _
and ﬁve or ﬁx inches deep in the Ground. It is good J
to clip them every Spring, and to renew them every
two Years, and to take away their oldell and de-
cayed Stocks, their Seed is gathered about the
Month of Aztguﬂ.

THE

r 'Vol. II. - Tbev‘CompIete Gard’uer. 23 I

 

 

THE

Gard’ner’s Kalendar,

Direﬁing what is to be done in a

KITCHEN-GARDEN

Every MONTH in the YEAR:

With what

PRODUCTS

We may have from our Gardens in every
Month in the Year.

“ AND

How to know if any thing be wanting, which it
{hould be ﬂock’d with in every Month

 

Work: to be done in a Kitchen-Garden, 2'2: the
Month qf January.

RUNE all Iorts of Trees, whether Dwarf or
Wall-Treat, to prepare fome of them to plant as

.foon as ever the Ground {hall be open after the hard
Froﬁs‘, and the melting of the Snow that cover’d it.
Make Trenches to/plant Trees, dig Mould: to amend

them; dig round the at either of Tree: over-luxuriant,
R 4. to

.l 7,". ..

1;: The Complete Qard’ner. Vol. IL];
to cut of? their thick Roots, and by that means to -i
make them frnétiﬁe, or offuch as are inﬁrm, to trim - ,
and redrefs them. ~ ‘

Make Hot-bet]: to fow forward Coucumbarr, and
Sal/ads in, whether in Rows or little Furtows, or
under Bells, to make Skreens to cover thofe Seeds in
cafe of need. at

The ﬁrli Hot-I761: for Couazmbers, as alfo for Mark-
mcl/om, are ul'ually made at the very beginning of
the Month, and at the fame time we may make Hot-
bedr for Mtg/broom.

Heat or force Af/ttzragm.

Heat Beds ofSorrcl, Patience, Borage, 8m.

Raife on Hat-beds, facimbr, Narcrﬁur’s of Can-
ﬂrmtinople, and fome Tulips, 81c.

Pull down the Hot be]: of the lall Year, to take
the rotten Dung that com-pofed them, and lay it upon
thofe Grounds we would amend or meliorate, '

Lay apart fome Moulds to have them at hand to
prepare for the Her-beds, alfo clear and cleanfe the
places of the Hot-beds, in order to the making of
new ones.

Tie u with Bands of Straws the tops of the Leaves
of long gun/cc which have nor cabbaged, to make
them cabbage, or at lealt to whiten them when they
are grown enough for it. .

Raife ibme Strawberries upon Hot-beds, to have
them ripe in ‘April and May.

Dung Fig-Tree: in order to have early Figr.

And in ﬁne, advance the doing by little and little,
all that the Spring Seafon is wont to do, with an ex-
traordinary expedition. ‘

Plant Trees in Baskets, Pot and Cafe Fig-Tree: ~,
lay Fine and Pig-Tree Branches, clear your Trees of
Mofs, if troubled with it, which is done bell”. in Rainy

Weather, with the back of a Knife or fome fuch In-
ﬁrument. '
B“!

5'"

Vol. II. I The Complete Gard’ner. 13;,

But it would be to little purpofe to know what
to do, without being informed how to do it, and
therefore for your InﬂruE’tion in Pruning, I refer you
to the Fourth Book, in ,which, my having treated
throughly on that Subjea, may excufe me from {peak-
ing any more of it now. ' -

As to the way of making Hot-beds, full you mull:
know they are to be made only with long Horfe-
dung, or Mule-dung, which is to be either all new,
or mixed with a third part at molt of old, provided
it be dry, and not rorten, for that which is rorten is
not at all proper to make HOt-beds, no more than
the Dung of Oxen, Cows, Hogs, 3c. as well becaufe
it has little or no heat, as becaufe ordinarly thefe
kinds of ’rotten Dung are accompained with an nn-
pleaﬁng fmell, that infeé’cs the Plants raifed upon
Tuch Beds, and gives them a fcurvy talie.

By new long Dung, is to be under-ﬂood, that which
is taken from under the Horfes, and has ferved the
for Litter for one Night, or two at molt. '

By long old Dung, is meant that which has been
piled up ever ﬁnce it was new, in a dry place, where
it has lain all Summer, to be ready to be ufed, ei-
ther to make coverings for big Trees, Articbozzkr,
Endive, 81c. againﬁ the Winter Cold, or to make
Hot-beds after the ordinary manner, which is thus
performed.

After we have marked out, and proportioned the
place where the Bed is to be, and marked out likewife
witha Cord or with Stakes ofwhat breadth it mull be,
there mul’t be about a rank of Baskets full of long
Dung, one at the tail of another, beginning the rank
or row where the Bed is to end 5 which done, the
Gard’m’r begins to work where the rank of Baskets
ends, that fo the Dung, not being tangled with any
thing lying upon it, may more eaﬁly and handfomly
be wrought into the Bed. Then the Gard’mr takes
up this Dung with a Fork, and if he be any thing han~

4y

134.. The Complete Gard'ner. Vol. II. .
d laces it fo neatly and tightly in la in eve la .
eh? his, Bed, that all the Straw-endsy 0% theql'Dunxg '
are turned inwards; and what remains, fetves to make
\ a kind of Back, or Fence on the outirde. The ‘ﬁrﬁ
Layer being thus compleated exactly to the breadth
that is marked out, which is commonly of about
four foor; and to fuch a length as is thought ﬁt, the
Gard’ncr proceeds to lay the fecond, third, Ei’c. heat.
ing them with the back of his Fork, or elfe treading
them with his Feet, to fee if there be any defect; be-
caufe the Bed mull be equally fluff’d every where,
{0 that no one part may not be lefs ﬁrong of Dung
than another; which being done, he continues it to
the deﬁgn’d length, .proportionating it ﬂill by Layers,
till the Bed reach the length, breadth and heighth it
{hould have; which heighth is of between two or
three foot when it is ﬁrﬁ made, for it will link a full
f00t when it is ferried.

In the fecond place, there are other Hat-Bed: which
are to fetve for Mir/broom: in all the Seafons of the
Year, and fuch may be made every Month, tho’ they
ail not till about three Months after they are made 5
and that is,when all their great heat being quite fpenr,
they are grown mouldy within. This fort of Bed: are,
made in a new, fandy Ground, in which is ﬁrﬁ' made
a Trench of about ﬁx inches deep -, thenwe cover them.
with a Layer of about two or three inches thick of
the fame Ear-2b., they are raifed in form of an Afs’s
Back, and over the covering of Earth we lay another
of ﬁve or ﬁx inches of long dry Dung, which ferves
in Winter to fhelter the Illa/broom: from the Froﬁ,
which deﬁroys them, and in the Summer, from the
great Heats that broil them 3 and likewife to prevent
the fame mifchievous effects of the fame excelﬁve
Heat, we further take care to water thefe Mtg/broom-
l’edr twice or thrice a Week.

As for the Breadth of Hot-Bab, it ihould be in all
, forts

3 Vol. II. ' The Complete Gard'ner. V 2;} , ‘

. fOIts of them of about four foot, and their heighth
mul’t be‘of between two and three when they are ﬁrﬂ
made, becaufe they link afterward a full foot, when'
once the great Heat is paﬂ: As to the length, that
is to be regulated by the quantity of Dung we have
to make them with; fo that according to that, we
make of them fevetal lengths: But in heighth and
breadth, all Beds {hould be as near as may he alike
proportioned. .
‘ But before we fow or replant any thing whatfoever
upon any new made Hot-beds, the ﬁrﬂ Precaution we
muﬁ obferve, is, To ﬂay ﬁx or feven Days, and
fometimes ten or twelve, to give the Bed time ﬁrﬂ
- to heat, and afterwards, to give time for that
heat which is very violent, to abate conﬁderably :
this abatment appears when the whole Bed is funk,
and when thruﬁing down out Hand into the Mould,
we perceive in it but a moderate heat: Then it is
we are to begin handfomly to {hape out and adjuﬁ
the Mould -, for which purpofe, the Gard’m’r muﬂ
make ufe of a Board of a foot broad, which he places
upon the ﬁdes of the Bed, about two inches from
the edge 5 and joining clofe to the Mould; and having
thus placed it, he endeavours to keep it ﬁrm and tight,
as well with his Left-Hand and Knee, as with the
ﬁrength of his whole Body; and then with his Right-
Hand he begins at one end to prels down the MOuld
againﬁ the Board, f0 hard, till he brings it to fo
ﬁrm a confiﬂance, that how light and loole foever it
were before of its own Nature, yet it may be able
to keep up it felf alone when the Board is taken
away, as well as if it were a folid Body. When the
Mould is thus adjuﬂed to the whole length of the
Board, then he removes the Board to anorher place,
and f0 continues till he has performed the fame ope.
ration on all ﬁdes of the Bed: And if the Board
be a little longer, and confequently a little more un‘
weildy than ordinary, then there mull be two or three
Petfons

- . i WNWW‘W‘ _>
2 3 6‘ The Complete 'Garrfneri Vol. II.

perfons join together to work in the fame manner,
and at the lime time, to adjul’t this Mould; or ifthe
Gard’ncr be all'alone, he mul’t keep the Board tight
with fome Pins taﬂened in the ﬁdes of the Dung-
Bed already adjuﬁed; and; when the thing is done,
the Mould (hall have at lealt a full hall r00t extent
Iels on every lide, than the lower part or the Bed;
and in its oblong fquare l‘igur , appear as eien as
if it were a Bed formed on the plain Ground: All
ter which the~Beds are to be emplOyed for thole
occaﬁons that ﬁrlt obliged us to make them. All
things in them WO‘Jld eiriur perilh, or be much en-
damaged, ifwe lowed or planer in them lboner, or
if we [hould delay our doing it any longer. The
Heat of the Bed, may laft in a condition to be able
to perform well its eﬁ‘eé‘ts for about tenor twelve
Days, after it is fown or planted, but when that time
is pail, if we percelve the Bed to be too much-cooled,
we mull renew the heat with iome new long Dung,
or frelh warm Litter apply’d round about it, bOth to
recruit the heat, and to maintain it afterwards in
that good temper in which it lhould be, and in
which it was before, when we begun to fow and
plant there z, to that the Plants inﬁead of walling a-
way or perilhing there, they may increale and thrive
vilibly, as they ihould do. ltrs nor to very needf‘ul to
tell you that when a Man has two Beds nexr one and.
ther, one recruiting ofheat will (brve for horh, becaufe
there’s no body but knows it; but it is good to know
that this recruiting oi‘heat between two Beds, fhould
nor be by a great deal fo llrong as whenthere is

but one; for the ordinary interval or {pace left be-

tween two Beds for the path, being about the
breadthof one full foot, :1 little Dung will ferve
to ﬁll it up; and that new heat is reciprocally

maintained in it’s vigour by the neighbourhood

0f the two Beds that border on each fide upon

it; but when there is but one Bed, our additiOn of
Dung

avae-miw-iet “W“ 1“ ‘

 

I

L ' Vol. II. The Complete ‘Gard’ner; 1'37

Dung for a new Heat, mnli be at lealt two foot
broad all along the whole length of the Bed, and to
its full heighth, and many times it mull be higher
than that. '

When we are to renew the Heat, it is not always
neceﬂary to make an application of new Dung, it be-
ing many times ihﬁicient to iiir that at the bottom
upwards, which we lal’t applied, and which needsit,
providcd it be not too much rotted -, which ﬂitting
of it is encugh to renew the Heat for eight or ten
Days longer: And there is no need of applying any
new Durig, but when by the rooﬁng of all the laﬂ',
or of at leaﬁ a good part of it, we ﬁnd it to be no
longer ﬁt to yield that heat which is necel'fary to
thofe Plants that are raiﬁ-d in Hotbeds.

If they are AfparlIgz/r, or Strawberries, which we
have taken om of their cold Beds, and replanted in
hot ones, and there be any apprehenlion of Cold, we
mul’t tarelully cover them with Glals Bells, or Glafs
Frames, and to hinder the Frolt from penetrating
even them, and fpoiling what is underneath them, we
ufe beﬁdes to covet them with Skreens of dry long
7Dung, or Litter, or Straw WhiCh we put over the
Glais Bells, or Glafs Frames, and Plants never fail
'to produce upon Beds thus accommodated and main.
tained in a due heat, by fuch recrutings renewed from
time to time.

This manner of proceeding is good and commodious
enough for Sorrel, becaufe being animated by the mo-
derate heat of the Hot—bed, it iprings up there for
fome ﬁfteen Days time, jnl’t as it does when is grows
in naked Ground in the Month of May, and after-
Wards dies 5 but it is nor fo good for rjjmnggw, be-
caufe they, when they are pull‘d up and replanted,
never produce fuch ﬁne Shoots, as when they are
dunged and heat on the naked Ground.

It follows then, that the bell method for Afpara-
gm, and even for Sorrel too, is to take up for about

two

 

2.38 The Compiete (jard’ner. Vol.‘ II.-

two foot deep all the Earth in the Paths between two .
cold beds, (which Paths ihould be a full foot broad) ‘
and ﬁll them up afterwards with long warm Dung, to
heat the nei-ghb’ring Earth? and if it be for Afparagus,
to cover the whole cold Bed with the fame Dang, to
help to warm the Earth; and when-the Afparagzas be-
gin to fprout, we put Bells upon each Plant, or elfe
covEr the whole Bed with Glafs Frames: after which,
the Heat of thofe Paths muﬁ be renewed, by ﬂirring -
them the bottom upward, or by renewing from time
to time an application of frefh Dung, covering befides
the Bells or Glaﬁ Frames with dry long Dung, or
Skreens of Straw, or fuch like matter, for the reafons
above exprelfed, when we were treating of Aﬂoaragus
and Sorrel in Hot-beds. The Afparagus-Plams being
thus warmed, and feeling under thoie Bells‘ or G/afe
Frames an Air as comfortable as in April or My, they
produce Shoots that are red at ﬁrl’t coming up, but
which afterward turn green and long, like thofe which
Nature it felf produces in warm and temperate Sea-
fons. The only inconvenience of thofe Artiﬁcial Heata‘
ings, is, that becaufe they mull be very violent to pene—
trate a cold Earth, they dry up and fpoil thofe Plants;
forbat fuch Afpuragus, inﬂead of continuing ﬁfteen
Years together to beat well, as otherwife they do,
never fpting kindly afterward; and though they be
let alone two or three Years after their ﬁrﬁ heating,
yet at moii areaable to endure but one more.

The Strawberries which are forced on Hot—beds be;
gin to put out their Shoors in fammry, and ﬂower in
February and March, and yield their Fruit in April
and May, the belt method of railing them, is to put
them in September in a tolerable good light Earth, and
afterwards to plant them in Hotobcdr in December ~.
they may alfo be planted in Hot-beds without potting
at all in the Month of March, their Runners, and fome
oftbeir Leaves, muﬁ be taken off, if they have too ma-

1y; the Ea’rlb in their Pots mull be always kept loofe
and,

 

. Vol. ll. The Complete 84%er z 39

and a little moilt; and if there happens any excefﬁve
Heat: in fame days of March or April, they mull
have a little Air given them towards the North, and
they mull be covered a Nights.

To have little Sallads of Lettuce to cut, mixed
with Chervil, Creﬂet, ate. with Furnitures of Mint,
Tarragon, ate. and‘to have Raﬁ/bet, ate. we make
fuch Hot-bed: asI have directed, and we ﬁeep in Wa-
ter, about 24 hours, a little Bag of Lettuce Seed 5
after which time we take it out, and hang it in a
Chimney-corner, or in fome other place where the
Frol’t cannot reach it, and the Seed f0 wetted, drains
it felf from the Water, and heats in fuch a meafure,
that it fprours; and then after we have made in Hot-
bed: Tome little Furrows of about two inches deep,
and about as much broad, with a little Stick that
we draw hard over Mould, we fow that fprouted
Seed in thofe Furrows f0 thick that it covers all" the
bottom of the Furrows: There mull be a French
Bulhel, or twenty Pound weight Englilh, to few a
Bed of fourteen fathoms long, and of four broad 5
and when it is fown, we cover it with a little Mould,
calt upon it lightly with the Hand, and each call of
the Hand dextetouﬂy performed, l’hould cover a Fut-
tow as much as it needs, which done, we put fome
Bells or long Straw over them, to hinder the Birds
from eating them, and the Heat from evaporating,
or the Froﬁ by chilling it, from deﬂroying the Seed 5
we take away the Straw, when at the end of ﬁve or
ﬁx Days the Seed: begin to fpring well, and at length,
ten or twelve Days after, it is commonly high e-
nough to be cur with a Knife, and eaten in Sallads,
that is to be underﬂood, if the Ice and Snow, and
even the Heat of the Bed be nor too excellive. We
take the fame courfe with Cbervz'l, and 06%;, fave
' only that they mull be fown without keeping their
Seeds.

As

140 The Complete 9e'rd'n2r. Vol. IL

As~ for Mint, Tarragon, Civer, and other Furni-
tures 'of Sallads, they are planted On the Hotebed: in M
the fame manner as the cold ones.

As for Kerb/bee, we feldom [keep them to make
them fprout, the Skins of their Seed being fo tender,
that in lefs than 21 Days time they would be all melt-
ted to a Pap.

I have dire€ted how to fow Rack/be: in the Works
of November, where we treat of preparing the Pro.
viﬁons we would have from out Garden: in January,
February, and March. ‘

It is convenient to fow in the beginning of this
Month, or even in November and December, a Hot-
bed ofPar/Zy, to fupply us with frefh in the Spring
time, to ferve us till that we {hould fow in naked
Earth at the end of Februaty be grown to it’s Per—
feEtion. , _ .

To lay the Branches, or Slips of Vines, Goo/eberry,
and Curran B14725: to take root, we need only couch,
or lay down their Branches into the Earth, and cover
them _in the middle with Earth, to the heighth of
live or ﬁx inches, which are to remain in that condi.
tion till the Month of November following, when
having taking Roor, we take them up, that is, fepa-
rate them from the Tree, and plant them where we
have occaﬁon for them.

To circumpofe Trees, by planting them in Baskets,
Pots, and Boxes or Cafes, we ﬁrﬁ ﬁll half way with
Earth thofe Baskets, Pots, or Boxes, and then having
pruned and trim’d the Trees as I have direEted in the
Treatife of P/tmratiom, we plant them, linking the
Baskets or Pots quite into the Earth, but leaving the
Boxes or Cafes above Ground.

The way porting the bulbous Root ‘Tuberezzfes,
fangui/r, Narcd/i/zs’s of Conﬂantinople, Ste. is ﬁrl’t to

at them into Pets, and then to put thofe Pots into
ot-beds, covering thole Beds carefully with Glafs
Frames, Bells, Straw Skreens, 8?. T
o

r" - - « r. . . ~. ‘ 1
’ Vol. II". The Complete Gard‘n ." 14. if

To warm or force Ejg-‘Ireer, we muﬁ haVe fame
in Boxes onCJer, for which we make in fanuary, a
deaf Hot-Bed, (being a Hot-Bed made in a hallow dung
into theEarIb, and r‘aiiéd only even with its furface)
and place the Boxer upon it. Then muff we have fome
fquare Glafs-‘Frames about ﬁx or Even Foot high,
which mull be applyfd againft a Wall expos’d to 2|
Southern Afpeft 5 b which the Dzmg in the Hot-Bed
fermenting into a eat warms the Earth in - the Box,
and by confequence makes therg-Tree fprout: That
Bed is to be put into a new Ferment when there is
occaﬁon, and great care mull be taken to cover thofe
Glafs Frames clofe, that no cold may get within
them. - .

Duringthe whole Month of fawning We continue
to few upon Hat-Bed: under Bells, Lettuce: to be ré«
planted, as [have direEted in the Works of Decgmber,
as alfoi to replant them under Bells, as well to ferve
in the Nutfery as in the places they were deﬁgn’d for 5
and as to the Seeds when form, we may forbear co-
vering them with Mould if we pleafe, it being enough -
to pat them with the ﬂat of our Hands upon the Beds,
to prefs the Mould clofe about them -, we ufe the fame
method with Par/Iain fown under Bells, for we can
fcarce throw too little Mould upon thofe Seed: to co.

‘ vet them.

To have fome ﬁne little Lettuce: for fallading, we
mull fow under Bells fome of the bright curled’ fort,
and (lay ”till it has that forth two Leaves‘before we
gather it :’ The Seed: of thoie Lettuce: mul’t' be fown .
thin that the Plants may grow tall; and ifwe fee
them come up too thick, we mull thin them : The
choiceﬁ fort ofLett-me for the Spring Seafon, are
the curled,fair or bright Lemme, the [barf Lettucegand
above all the Shell-Lettucfj 81c. We alfo/ few tome
under Bells, to replant againj Bafdge; Bligqur, and
Arracb 0: Gray. ‘

' S _ I’erué’és‘

_ , ~ . 1 " ”m
g 41. The templatervgai'd’nér. ' Vol.‘ 1!;

Produéls' that we may have ffam our Gardens in the
. Month of January. ‘

Eﬁdes the good Paar: following, .viz. Lefcbzyfea ‘

trier, Ambrc’tr, Thom Pears, St. Germaine, dry
Martins, Vzrgoulees, and Wintersz ’Creriem, SEC.
and thefe good Apples, viz. Calvi/s, Pq7pz'm, Apzs’s
Curpegda’g or ﬂmrt-ﬂa/lc’d A ﬁlm, Fame/lets,or, Fea-
red-Apples, 8m And lallly beﬁdes fome forts of Grape:
as the ordinary Myémt’ the long Mafcat, the Cbzﬂelas,
are. every Perfon ay have Articboa/cas, SIC,

All forts of Roots, as Beet’ravar, or Rad-Beet-Raotr,
Scerzom’ras, Carrots, Pazﬂzipr, Common Salﬂﬁes, or
Goats-bead, Tarneps, 81c.

Spam/7) Cardamand Chards of Arricboa/tes whitened.

Cellary whitened.

Macedonian Parﬂey, or Alliﬂmder: whitened.

Fame], Arm's,- and Endive, as well that which is
called the white, as that which is called wild, or
Sweaty. * k ‘

Cola/ﬂowers, SEC. All thefe things mull have been
brought into the Coniervatory in the Momhs of No-
vember, and December, and ordered :61 have direE’red
in- fpeaking of the Works to be done in thofe two
Months. * -

Beﬁdes which we have alfo Paacaliarr, Milan, and
bright or large ﬁded Cabbagas. w

Thefe forts of Cabbage: are not carried into the
Conlérvatory -, on the Contrary, they muﬂ be Froﬂ
bitten in the open Air, to make them tender and de-
licate. -

We may alfo have fem-e Citralr, or 'Pumpz'om, and
fome Potiroizr, or ﬂat Pampiom by the help of 21 Con-
iermrory. ‘

We may alfo have pickled Cucumbers, pickled Par-
jZai/I, pickled rl'lsg/hmw/zr and pickled Capacm Capers,
or quzﬂ enter. ’ ‘ “T

- e

Vol; II; The Complete'ﬁard’nér.‘ 2143‘

We may have Onions, Garlic/t, and Shallots, out
of the Cenfervatory. .

With Leeks, Cibonlos, Burnet,— Chervil, Bonﬁre-y,
and Allelujo or Wood-Sorrel, 8m. ‘

Alfo very godd reddifh green Afporogm, which are

better than thofe that grow naturally in April, and
all the Month of May. ' _
. And by the help ot’Hot-Bocls, Or booted Path-ways,
we' may have very ﬁne Sorrel, as well ofthe round as
the long fort, and little Sallads of Lettuce to cut, with
their Furniture of Mint, Tarragon, Gordon—"Croft’s,
tender Chart)”, Par/lay, Boroge, Buglo s, Sic. f

We may likewife have little Roddi/ioes upon Hots
beds, provided the abundance of Snow, and the rigour
of the Froﬁs be not f0 feveral great, that we cannot
fo much as for a few Hours in a Day uncover the
Bods on which they are, nor give them any new re-
cruits of Hoot, without which all that is planted of
this fort on Hot-beds, is fubjeét to grow yellow and
come to nothing.

Likewife we may have Mot/browns upon Hotobeds
made on purpofe for that eﬂ‘eét, and which are kept
carefully cover’d with long dry Dang, to prevent the
hard Rolls from fpoiling them. '

Nor have we naturally but few Flowers, except
LowreZ-tim, and Snowdrops, but by the help of Hot.
beds we may have fome ﬁngle Ammonia, Winter

, Narcbg'ﬁhs’s, and Norcbrﬂw‘s of Corrﬁaﬂtinople, Crow

, fes, 81c. ' but we have now Looms Raﬁ: Loaves to
; garnifh the difhes we fetve up to Table.

3 Hon;

r:

v- {\I

. r , a y , f “; -~" "tram!
2.4; The Complete gard’neri‘ ‘Vohll:

,How to judge certainly by viewing . and vi/z‘tz'ng a
Kitchen-Garden, whether there be any thing.
wanting in it, which it jheuld be ﬂoek’d with in the
Month of January. ' 4 -

T is no inconfiderabIe thing to underﬂand certain-
ly, nor only what Provi/Ionsa Kitchen-Garden well '

maintained and ordered may furniih' us With every
Month in the Year, but likewife what Work: are to be
done there every Seafon'by an able Gerd’ner; but yet
that is not enettgh to make a Gentleman fo knowing
as to be able to give himfelf the pleafure to judge cer-
tainly by viewing his Kitchen-Garden, whether it be
To well ﬁock’d as to want nothing that it ihould have,
For in ﬁne, we mull not expeé‘t always aﬁually to
ﬁnd in it all Advantages for which we are beholden
.to Gardens. We know indeed that it ihouId bring
forth a proviﬁon‘ for the whole Year, but we know
very well too that it does not bring forth all'Days in
the Year; for Example, In the Winter Months we
hardly fee in it any of its Produé‘tions, the molt part
of them being carried out, and laid up in Store-houfer,
and Conﬂrvaz‘orier. And belides, among the Plants
that are to be feen in it at Other times, how many of
them are there‘which have n0t attained to their Per-
feéiion, which yet ought to make a Figure in this Gar-
den, tho’ they require perhaps two or three, or per-
haps ﬁve or ﬁx Months time to arrive at it? Thus it
is in the beginning of the S ring, with all Legnmr, or
eatable Plant: and green I .rillgs; and thus it is too in
the Summer, with the principal Fruits of other Sea-
fons ; upon which confidaations, I thought it not im-
pertinent, nor unufeful, to {hew yet a little more par-
ticularly, wherein the excellency and accomplilhment
eta K tithe/J Garden does conﬁli, judging of it according
to

W 77

‘ Vol: Il.‘ The Complete (jardinerI {45 <

«4‘ ‘17—

"m; , r

- to the proportion or what we ought to ﬁnd every time

we go into it.

I will begin with the Month of farmary, in which ~
we ought to be very well fatisﬁed with the Garden in
queliion, if we ﬁnd in it a reafonable uantity of Win- -
tar Lettuce: planted in Borders] by Wa Is, and cover’d _
with long Straw, or Straw Skraem; and likewife if we

‘ ﬁnd in it fome fquares ofArtiaboa/lar, and Beet-Chard:

well cover’d with long Dung, with the like Proviﬁon'
ofCellerey, Endive, common Par/lay, and Macedonian
Par/lay or Aliﬂznderr, arc. and order’d after the fame ,
manner: And in the third place, fome Winter Cab-
bagar, Ciboulr, Sorrel, and Sal/ad Furnitures, and if
thefe too lali ’be fhelter’d with fome fort of covering ; ‘
and in the fourth place, if there be fome fquares of
A/paragur without any other Artiﬁce than what is nfed
to warm and force them in their cold beds, as I do
and have begun to do in the Months ofNavamber and
December, all other Kitchen-plants mul’t be houfed and
laid up, as Roots, Oniam‘, Cardam, Articbaa/er, Colb-

ﬂawerr, are. In the ﬁfth place, we may be content

if we ﬁnd the Pig-Tree: well cover’d, all places where
Tree: {hould be well ﬁll’d up with Trees, or at leaﬂ
with holes digg’d, and Trencher prepared ready for
planting them, or the Roots of thofe that begin to Ian. _
guifh hated and laid open, in order to their cure
Sixthly, ifwe fee Men buﬁe in clearing the Fruit-Tree:
from Mofs, and Other Filth that fpoils them, and if
over and above that, we ﬁnd there any Hot-beds for
the Novelties of'the Springtime, fuch as are Strawber«
rim, Raddi/bar, little Sallads, Pear, Beam, Cabbage
Lettzacar, Parﬂry, Cucumbers, ande/E‘melorz Planta-
tions, 31c. If we likewife ﬁnd fome Fig Tree: and fome
other Trees forced, and advanced by artiﬁcial warmth 3

what then ought we not to fay in praife of the Gar—

(I‘rzar, efpecially ii'we ﬁnd the Walks and Alleys kept
neat and Clean, and no Garden Tools andlltenﬁls
any where ncgltﬁicd.

S .3 Having

2:46 The Complete “Gard’mrz Vol. ill: :3

Having told you what thould compofe the Beauty 2
of a Kitchen-Garden in theMonth of fanumy, I think 32
it needlefs to add any defcription of what makes it im- -‘
perfeEt and difagreeable, as well. in that Month, as in
all the tell of which Iafhall afterwards treat, hecaufe
any body may eaiily dil'cetn of himfelf, that it is qut p
the revetfe of what I have new fpeciﬁed, that is to fay,
a want of any thing that lhould be in it; Negligence
and Slovenlinefs being look’d upon as the Monﬂers
of a Kitchen-Garden.

J

La’

 

Work: to be. dam- in February.

N this Month we- continue the fame works we

. were doing in the hill, viz. ,

Now we apply our felves to manuring the Ground
if the Froﬂ permits, and about the end of the Month,
or rather towards Mid-March, or later, that is towards
[Hid—April, we fow in the naked Ground thofe things
that are long a rearing, as for Example, all‘forts of
Roots, viz, Carrots, Pdifni‘ps, Cbcrvil: or Slain-ctr,
Beet-Raves, or RedBeet-Roots, Scorzoneres, and above
all Par/Ivy Roots. ‘

For now alfo Onions», Leek: Cibouls, Sorrel, Hij-
ring Pear, Gardwz or Mmﬂb-Bcam, Wild Endive, 0r
Sammy,- and Burner. -- '

, Ifwe have any Shell-Lettuce: that were fown in Alf“
11mm laﬂﬁ in fome well lhelter'd place we, now re-
plant them on Hot-Bad: under Bells, to make them
Litlvbnge betimes. And particularly we take care to
teplant on them fome‘ of the Czu'l’d Brig}?! Lamar,
which we lowed 13ft Month, becaufe they turn to bet.
ter account than Others. '

Begin at the latter end of the Month to few
2 little green Pain-ﬂy under 8511:, the Raul, or Go!-

r
{*1
{if};

 

_ Jen fort being too delicate or tender to be Town be.
. fore Marcbg ~ , —

Replant Catawba“ and Musk-mellow, if you have

any big enough, and that upon a Hat-Bed, in fame
lace well {belter’d either by Walls, Straw, or Reed
edges, or fome orher Invention to keep off the

Wind, , g ,

We alfo fow towards the end of the Month, our
Annual Flowers, in order to replant them again at the
latter end of. April, and the beginning of May.

Sow alfo your ﬁrl’t Cabbages. _ \

Begin to graft all forts of Trees in the Cleft, prune
and plant them 5 lant alfo Vines, and about Mid-
February, if the eather be any thing fair, is the
pro er time to begin all forts of Works.

ow make the Haned: which you have occaiion
to make ufe of for Rddlﬂﬂ', little Sal/m, and to raife
thglfe things which we are to replant again in the (‘0ch
Be 5‘.

Take care to maintain the neCeifary heat about your
A/pamgus, and to gather thofe that are good.

Continue to plant Trees when the Weather and the
Soil will permit. '

Proviﬁom and Produﬂs of february.

HE Weather ufually begins to grow a little
milder this Month, f0 that as to Flowers, we
may now naturally by the favour of a good Shelter and
a good Expoﬁtion, have of all thofe forts which I
told you in my Difcourfe of the Produfis of the lait
Month might be raifed by forcing on Hot-bcdr. Beﬁdes
which, we may have fome Primrcyw, and the heat
of the Honbcd: may even produce us fome Tulip; and
Tom: xii/5235's. _
But in rei‘peﬂ of Kitchen Plants, we have as yet on-
ly thoie things which we have before mentioned ;
S a, that

‘h‘ "

Vol I! '* Ibe Camiletef~94fd‘néri ’ 247+

\
‘ 5‘
‘1

Mﬁ¢-nﬂ i

348 The Complete Gard’nerl Vol: 11}1
that is to fay, .we continue to fpend the Stock we have
in the Confervatory or Store-houfe; and'what We
raife by the afﬁﬁance of Hot-Beds, and artiﬁcial heat- 2-
ings, as little Sal/ctr, Sorrel, Raddi/bes, Afparagm, 8m x;

How to judge certainly by viewing and vzﬂting a

I KitchenGarden, whether there be any thing want-
ting in it, which, it ﬂmdd be ﬂock’d with in the
Month of February.. ‘

appear pretty temperate,and there happen fo con-
_iderab1e a Thaw as to prOmife an end of the great
Cold, our Gatd’ners fhould then begin to dig and ma-
nure the Squares and the Counter Borders, prepare the
Cold-Beds, fow thofe forts, of Seeds that are long
coming up, ’ as Par/7y, Onions, Cibouls, Lee/er, are:
They r'nuﬁ likewife now earneﬂ‘ly mind the pruning
of Trees, as well Dwarf: as WalLTrees, and-pallifade‘
~ or nail up thefe lalt for the ﬁrf’t time, and particularly
they mull take care to make Hot-Bed: for the replant-
' ing of Musk-melons and Cucumbers, and for little
Sal/ctr, Raddiﬂyer, Cabbage—Latinas, Sic. ' ’

JP towards the latter end of this Month, the Weather

 

Works to be done in March.

5 T the beginning of this Month, it appears who
A are the Gard’ners that have been idle, by their
110E fumiﬂlingdus which" any thing with thediligent
and skilful ones ﬁx pply us with, and by their haying
negleE’ted to fow their Grounds, which lie for the molt
part yet unfown, tho’ the Weather have been favou-_
table for it.
3 Good Grad’ners ought to cover with Mould, the
gold Beds which they have Town with their deggnded
, nee Sr

Vol; n.‘ TheComplete Gard’nerl 249 x

. Seeds, for fear the waterings and great Rains {hould
beat down the Earth too much, and renders it Super;
ﬁcies too hard for the Seed: to pierce and {hoot
through 5 they (hould alfo bank up their Cold Bed:
tightly with a Rake, that fo the Rain-water, or that

of their waterings may keep in them, and not run out.

of them into the Paths.
About Mid-March at ,furthel’t, make the Hot-'-

Bedr in which you are to replant the‘earlieli Mus/c-
melom. ~

Sow in the naked Earth, in fome well fhelter’d.

, place, all thofe things which you are to plant again in
the like 5 as for Example, both our Spring Lettuce,
and that which you are to replant again at the latter
end of April and at the beginning of May, viz. the
Curled bright Lettuce, and the Royal, and Bellegarde
Lettuce, the Perpigm'an Lettuce which is gteenilh, the
Alfange, the Cbieom, and the Green, Red and bright
Genera Lettueer are near two Months on the Ground,
before they grow big enough to be replanted. Sow
alfo Cabbage: for the latter Seafon, and Collvﬂewer:
to plant them in their proper places, about the end
of April and beginning of May; and if they come
up too thick, take out Tome, and replant them in a
Nurfery, to make them grow bigger, tie.

Sow Raddifker in the naked Earth, among all the
other Seeds that you are fowing, becaule they do no
harm there.

Sow Areel), or Omge, in the naked Earth.

About Mid-March, fow Citrul: or Pumpiem upon
Hot—Bed: to replant in the beginning ofMay.

Make, an, end of pruning and planting during
the courfe of this Month of all Garden-Trees, and
alfo of Gerﬁberry, Curren, and Rafpbeny ﬂwzbr, 8m.
it is very convenient to delay the pruning of vigorous

_’ 7 Trees ”till they begin to fprout, as well to let them

{pend their ﬁrl’t ﬁrength, as to prevent loﬁng any of

their Fruit Buds which we cannor ’till then difcern,

,: and

/ ,
‘ , j
_; at)“. wank _ -441.

any- flagging A .e

2 50’ The Complete gard’n 5 Vol.- II.
and {which come to their perfeélion» in the Spring-
Seafon. , .- _ .. '

Take up at theheginning of the. Month, with
Mold and all, the plantation of Strawberries, which
you had in the Nmﬁzy, to form Cold—Bed: and Squares‘
of them to remain and to refurnifh thofe where there
want any. \

Sow fome Seed of Pierce-pierreor Garden Sampbire
in fome tub of Earth, or in the naked Ground in fome
Ihelter’d place;

Sow a third time a few more Peat, of the great
fquare fort. ' _ .

At the very beginning of the Month fow a little
quantity of Endive very thin, to have Tome of it
Whited about Midﬂmzmer. -

Towards the end of the Month, or atthe beginning
of April, fow a little Callerey in the naked Earth, td
have fome late in the Mouths of Auguﬂ and Septem-
ber. Cal/trey is commonlyalmol’t a Month a coming
‘up 3‘ and we fow a little of it at the fame time on a
Hot-Bed, in order to have iome of it early.

Begin now to uncover a little your Articboa/Eet, but
we feldom begin to manure them till the full Moon of
March be pail, which is generally very dangerous both
to them and to the Fig-Ire“, which laﬂ mul’t not
yet be quite uncovet’d, it being enough to do it half
way, at the fame time we take off all their dead Wood
and Branches, whether killed by the Fro/i, or by any
Other means.

About the middle of March, or before if the wea-
ther be mild, begin to fow tome Red or Goide/z Par-
ﬂail! upon Hot-Bed: under 8611:, and continue iiill to
few of the Green fort.

.We‘replant in their ﬁxt places common Cabbage:
and Mi/fim Cabbagm, which you fhould take care to
have ready in your A-izzzfary, from the beginning of Na-
wmz’n‘r lal’t pail, in iome well fhelter’d place, but

1
ea: - -- -,.~
Ayyillri.

Fm. in mccmﬁmaarafmf ' iii“; .

it replant none of thefe that begin to mount, that is, 'to
: run up their Stalks, as if they were going to Seed. .
' Plant the Afparagm Square: which you have occaiir
‘i on for, to which purpofe make choice of'a tine Plan-
station of one years growth, or elfe of one of two.
The Way to plant Afpardgur is,‘to place two or
rthree Plants of them together, and neatly to fpread
3011: their Roots without cutting them but very little,
sand then cover them with a layer of Earth of two
:or three Inches thick, to plant thofe Tufts Checquer-
'1 wife, at a Foot and‘ a half diﬂance one from the
:other. ' ‘

This Cold Bed fhould generally be full four Foot,

Ibtoad, that there may be room enough for three
tranks of them. But if you deﬁgn to force any of them
i by heat in Winter, you mul’t make the cold Beds but
tthtee Foot broad, and obferve if the Ground be
:dry, to lay the Bed hollow within the Earth with
:a good Spade, and by that means raife the Path
rArch-wife, making Me of the Soil that comes out of
lit, to cover again by little and little, and year-'hy
gyear, the Plantation as it grows ﬁronger, and rifes

:Qut of the Ground. But if it be a moili Ground,

g and very cool, it is better not to make the Bed low
“101‘ hollow, but on the contrary to keep it a little
“higher than the Paths, that the Winter waters may
fdefcend out of it into them, and may not rot the
lPlants, to which nothing is more dangerous than too
much wet. : ~

Aﬁaragm both old and young mul‘i be carefully ‘

'howed or cleared of Weeds, and in this Month of
,Mdrcb, before they appear above Ground, y'ou mull
:aiiord them alittle manuring, by turning up the

*Earth to the depth of halfa Foot about them, to give '

:the young lighting”: the more liberty to {hoot up.
- At the eginning of the Month it will be time to
replant what you have a mind mould run to Seed, viz.
leak: and 01730223, and cipecialiy the white fort, Clove:
of

>

. ‘_ I *4 M ' e , < ‘_ “
1;" {and Wﬁk‘aaa‘h 2,

.l‘

'Im‘ ‘ -.___ ‘ .Lﬁk‘lﬁ‘g:

\ r v i * - a
252‘. The Complete Gard’ner. Vol. ll.
of Garlic/E, Cloves'and Seeds of‘ Shallots; white Cab-
bage, Paaealier: Cabbage, arc. Now likewife you are
to tie u fuch Lettuce as lhould Cabbage, and yet do
nor," w ich tying makes them in a manner Cabbage
by force.

Sow the Seed of Formal», or ﬁriped Gilbrﬂow—
er: upon Hot-beds, before the full Moon, to replant
them in May, fow alfo the Annual Flower: upon
Hobbe’ds to replant at the latter end of May, viz.
Paﬂe veloure, or Velvet Flowers, called alfo Flower
Gentiles, and Amaranth/ya, Indian Ocellw, or French
Marygolde, Indian Refer, the Belle: de Nuit.

Set in the Ground, Almond: that have fprouted,
breaking of? the fprout before you plant them.

Sow in the [flower Pots, or Parterres, fome Seeds
of Poppy, and ofLarks Heels, which will ﬂower after
them’ that were fown in September.

Proniﬂozze and Prodac‘ls of March. '

‘ N l B have now upon our Hot-beds, abundance of

Raddiﬂjes, and little Sallen, and? of Sorrel,
and Cabbage Letmees, under Bells, which are the
brig; l2: ear/ed Lettuce: fown in November and December,
and afterwards tranfplanted into other ﬂat beds; The
Other forts of Lettuce: will not come to any thing un'
der Belly. _

We continue to have forced Afparanas.

As to Flowers, if the Cold be nor extraordinary
violent, we have everywhere, and that naturally. all
- more lotts which blow only in good Expoﬁtions .m
the preceding Months, beﬁde which, we have Vzo-
late, ﬁrebiatbr, Page-[0111‘s, and ﬁngle [Memo/“lies. ‘
And mwinds the end of the Month, we have [3'22-
. «lg/Z) .‘\';.'1'r'z'/f}af‘5, Alzrel/jﬁs’s él‘A/giers, E rig/l: fl) Iris, or
user-«'15 lit-veer, yellow Steele-Gil/y/lozee/‘r, Non-e {licl‘t‘
/r\ ling)“. and double Heapaiieae, as well or

, the

“#9,,

I
‘L

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“new Rhmf‘v‘nev w"/1_ ‘

“-wa ykrnvemﬁﬂv‘ilym'w V‘ 37‘ . .»q,vm

v Vol.11,; , The Complete Gard’nerl 1'53

__ the Red, as of the pale Violet Sort, Hellelzare Flow-
ers, fome ﬁngle funguilr.

We need not now force any Flowers, unlefs~ it
be ﬁngle or double funguilr, if the Weatherbe very
hard.

But if the Weather be very mild, we have double ‘
Anemom'er, Bear: Ears, Fritillariar, Tome Spring Tee-~ ,
lipr, Daifer, Hammer, or Fleamﬂawers, Perﬁan Iris,
and fuhguil: at the latter end of the Month.

‘How to judge certainév by viewing and viﬁtz' a
KitchenGarden, whether there be any I ing
wanting it! it, which it ﬂrould be ﬂock’d with
in March. , ,

N Mareb, if your Ground be great, and the num4
ber of Labourers proportionable, you thould have
the pleafure with one caﬂ of an Eye to fee them dig—
ging, making up, fowing, planting, bowing, weed;
ing graﬁ'ing, pruning, E‘fc. For in ﬁne, before the
Month be out, the moi’t part of the Ground (heuld be
taken by either with Seeds or Plants, which are to
ferve for proviﬁon for the whole year. All that which
Was before cover’d with Dung, ought to be difcharged
ofits coverings which are now grown noifome, as foon
as they ceafe to be neceHary, and every thing ought
to breath the free Air, which begins now to cheer
both Animals and Plants; you lhould at this time
have at leaﬂ fomething to begin to gather, either of
Sal/er: or Raddifbes, of the new Seafon.

Wet};

2,54. '1' be Complete .Gerd’n'er. ,‘Vol. II.
Workr fa he done 12.11an

p I Here is no Month in the yeargwherein there is

5 more work to be done in Garden: than in this,
for now the Earth begins to be very ﬁt, not only to
be manured, burgto receive Whatfoever you have a
mind to plant or fow in it, as Lettuce, Lee/er, Cabbage
Borage, Buglofy, Artie/2011,63, Tarragon, Mint, Violets,
Bic. Before the Month of April, it is as yet too cold,
and after April it begins to be too dry.

Perform now your fecond pruning of the Bran-
ches of PtadJ-Tn’ﬂ', I mean only the Fruit Branches
in order to cut them OPE lhort to that part jul’t above
where there is Fruit knit, and if any of thofe Peach-
Treer, have produced any very thick Shoots upon high
Branches, as fometirnes ithappens after the full Moon
of March, pinch them to make them multiply into
Fruit Branches, and to keep them low, when there is
occaﬁon, that they may not runup too high before
their time. - .

Continue to trim Musk M81072: and Cucu‘mberr, to
new heat your hot Beds, and make new ones, and to
fow Cucumbers, that you may have fome to replant
that may ripen about the end of' Summer, and begin-
ning of Autumn. ' ..

Make fome hot'Mu/broom Bed: in new Ground,
the manner of doing which I have already defcribed
elfewhere. ‘ .

’Tis the M0072 of this Month, that is vulgarly call’d
the Raddy Moan, it being'very fubjeEt to be windy,
cold, and dry, and to be fatal thereby to many new
planted Trees, unlefs great care be taken to water
them about the foor once a Week.

’ Weed up all the ill Weeds that grow among

good Seed, take the fame courfe with Strawberries,
I Pear,

. _ _ 5,?“an ; _ :mww-‘erw ,' art-a5" “ts-75:9?” 5' m “if!

v01. 1;, The complete, Gardner: 2’5;

.Pea: and replanted Lattice, and howe all about them
‘ the better to loofen the Earth and open a paffage
, for the ﬁrI’c Rain that [ball fall. ‘

About the middle of April begin to fow a little
[Waite Endive, in plain Ground, to whiten it in the
fame place; and provided it be thin fown, no Seed
comes f0" eaﬁly up as this fort of Endive.

‘ At the middle of April fow alfo in their places, the

ﬁrl’t Spam/h Cardom, and the fec0nd at the beginning

‘ of May, the ﬁrlt are commonly a Month in coming
up, and the other about ﬁfteen days,

Alfo ﬁill fow in this Month, fome Sorrel, if you
be not fuﬂiciently’ provided With it before. ~

As to what is to be done to Melon: in this Month,
we refer you to the difcourfe on that Subjeft, Page
20 . «

Ehoofe a part of the faireﬂ of the Cabbage Let-‘
races, as well as the Winter ones, which are the Shell
and feruﬁlem Lettuees, as the Curled Bright Lettuce
raifed up by Hot-Bed: and under Bell:,to plant them all
together in fome Cold-Beds,at a foot diﬂance one from

; another, to let them run to Seed 5 which is alfo per:
form’d with a planting ﬂick.

Plant edgings of Time, Sage, Marjortmz, Hyﬂop,

“Lavender, Rue, Worm-wood, ale. '

Replant Spring Lettuce to Cabbage, which fuc-

s ceed one anorher in this order 5 the Curled Bright Let-
. race is the firﬁ and belt, as being the molt tender and

delicate, but it requires a mild andlight’Soil, or a-
: hove all, a Hot Bed to plant it on, and Bells, from
I the Month of February, and during all the Month of
. March, and the beginning of April. A gtol‘s Soil a-
. gtees not with it, for inﬁead of growing bigger there,
; it dwindles to nothing.

The Green Curled Lettuce, the George Lettuce, the '

, Little Red Lettuce, and thofevcalled the Royal, the Bel-

legbrde, and the Perpégrzi'orz, follow next after. The
i Royal Lettuce is a Very lair and thick Lemme, which

' differs

   

n r , ~ ~ v i . r; , ‘» if M 21’3“":‘wgi
2.56 The Complete Gard’ner. Vol. ll}?
differs only from the Bellegarcle in that it‘ is a little _
lefs'Curled. The Capueiu, Sbart, Aubervi/lierr, and
Auﬂriau Lettucer fucceed them, and run nOt fo eaﬁly
to Seed, as the preceeding ones. The Alfartges, Cbi- ,
com, and Imperial:, which are all Lettuce: to tie up,
bring up the Rear; and the Geuua Lettucer, both the
Red, Bright, and Green, are the lali Summer Lettuce: ;
{on mul’r replant a good number of them'at the very
eginning of M9, to have them good about Mid-
fummer, and all the tell of the Summer 5 of all Lettu-
eer, this fort belt endures the great heats, and is leaf’t
difpofed to run to Seed 5 for which reafon to obtain
Seed of it, you mul’t have fown it upon Hot-Bede- from
the very Month of February, that you may have fome
goolelants of it to fet again at the latter end of
Apri .

The Royal Lettuce begins again to be ﬁt to be re-
planted' about the middle of September, to fupply you,
together with that of Geuua, all the tell of Autumn.

From the end of Auguﬁ begin to fow the Shell, or
Winter Lettuce, that you may have fome ﬁt to replant
in the Months of Oﬂaber,‘ and November, for our
[Witter proviﬁon. ‘

The Aubervillier Lettuce grows f0 very hard that
it is fearce ﬁt for Sal/en, but it is better for Portage e, ‘
but yet it is very fubjeE’t to be bitter.

You mul’t not fail every ﬁfteen'days, to fow a little.
Genua Lettuce, that you may always be provided with
fome ﬁt to replant during all the wholeSummer,
étill the middle of September.

If the Rudd/v or dry Winds Reign, as they generally
do this Month, we mull carefully and plentifully
water every thing in our Kitchen-Garden, except it
be the Afparagur.

Now likewile featch the Woods for Young Straw-
berry Plants, to make Nutferier, in fome part ofyour
Garden, plant tufts of two or three plants of them
together , at four or ﬁve Inches dillanee fone

rem

 

 

.umn it, _.§,‘,_mh_r

from another, and ifthé Soil be dry, in a hollow Bed‘
of two or three Inches deep, the better to retain and
preferve the rain water, and that Of our waterings.

We .alfo now dif-eye or feperate the Oinets or
Slips of our Articbaa/ltes, as foon as they are big enough,
and we plant as many of them as we need, two or
three of them in each hole, or Trench of about three
or four Inches deep, and two full fOOt and a halfdi»
ﬁance one from the Other, each Bed {hould be four
foot wide, and contain two rows ot‘Articboak Plants
along its ﬁdes, and there muft be a void fpace left in
the middle , of three Foot wide for planting of '
Leek Cbards, or great whited Lee/ts, or elfe ofCoZly-
ﬂowers, in imitation of the MarketGard’ners, who
are good Husbands of their Ground. The two Arti-
eboa/e Plants which we fet in each hole, mull be placed
afull foot and a half dil’tance one from the other.

We have already in the Month of March, fet into‘
the Earth, thofe Almonds which fprouted early, and
in this Month we fet thofe which having nor fprouted
at the fame time with the Others, had been put up
back again into Mould, Earth, or Sand.

In the beginning of the Month, Gardens {hould he
almol’t in their PetfeElion 5 we mul’t fow Par/[y wild
Endive, or Sammy, and the ﬁrﬂ Haireo’: or French
Beam, the fecond being to be fown about the middle,
and the third about the latter end of May, that fo we
may~~have a Crop of them about two Months after
fowing.

About this time the Strawberries grow in the na-
ked Earth, {hoot forth their Items, when we mull
take exaE‘t care to pluck all the Cue/lam among them,
that is, thofe Strawberry Plants that bloffom much
without knitting.

We fow our laﬂ Cucumber: about the tenth or.
twelfth of this Month, to have fome lateward ones,
and fuch as may be ﬁt tor pickle in Oﬂaber, which lalt

~ are

 

fva; n; " m cm saw , ’7 _,,

may-e!

158" The Cmpme Gard'ner: ] Vo‘lmlwlww

are commonly called Comicbom, or horned Cucumbers,
and in Englifh Crumplings, and Gucrkingy.

It is particularly about the end of this Month that,
may Moon begins, that is too fertile, and fo vigorous
in its produé’tions, when we mull with all poihble care
run over our Wall-Trees, and draw from behind the ‘
Trai/r, thol'e Branches that grow between them and
the Wall, as well the ﬁnaller ones, as more particu-
larly thofe that are thick 5 at the fame time chb
Trim and other Stoneof'ruit Tree: are to be pruned the
third time, it having been done the fecond time whili’t
they were in Bloﬂbm, to take away all thofe Branches-
that had not blolTom’d.

At this time likewife, we are to pinch that is to
fay, break ofi‘ to four or ﬁve Eyes or Buds, thofe
thick ihoors in Peach-Tree: that are fprung out ﬁne:
the main Pruning of that year, in order to make them
1’hoor out three or four midling ﬂroots, one whereof
may be for a Wood Branch, and the tell for Fruit 3
this Operation is to be performed particularly upon
thofe very thick Shoots that fpring out ofthe Extre-
mity ofa Tree that is grown high, when it has alrea'
(iy attained its due height.

vaifiwzr art/J Produﬁ': qf April.

B have now abundance of Raddif/m, Spinage
and Sal/ct: with their Furnitures, and Other.
edible Herbs.

We have Iikewife at 'the very beginning of the
Month, bright curled Cabbage Lemmas, if we have
taken care to raife an upon Hot-Beds, otherwile we
hare none, for the Vllinter Lettuce: are not, as yet,
eabba ged.

Alfo at the very beginning of the Month we have;
forne Strawberries by the Extraordinary help afﬁrm.

at

:‘I‘IV'TII‘?’

:1 Vol. II. The Coupler: Gard'ner. 2 59

Hot Bids, and 6/4: Framer, if we have had the Will,
' or Convenience to make ufe of them, ‘
Alfo Afpumgm produced naturally and without.
Artiﬁce.
Likewife an inﬁnite number of Flowers, as An:-
mouicr, Renumulw’s or Crow footy, Imperia/r, Nuraf-
fur ofCouﬂantiuop/eﬂﬂgliﬂ) Narcg'ﬂ‘urﬁnd Algier’s Nar-
crﬂ'w, White Narciﬂus, Prim‘RO/cr, Vroletr, Hepaticu’s,
both red and pale blue, and about the end of the
Month we have fair Tulzfr. .

How to judge certainly by viewing and vMﬁug
a Kitchen-Garden, whether there be my thing want.
ting in it, which it fbauld beﬂock'd with in April.

N the Menth of April, we are not to ﬁnd any thing
I new to be done in our Kitchen-Gardens, unlefs it '
be an Augmentation of bat Bed: for MurkMe/om and
Cucumbers. The Earth in them ﬂrould now be co'vea
red almoﬂ all over with a new decoration of Infant
Plums, Here'we {hould fee Articbaakr tiling as ”mere.
from the dead, and there Aﬁuragu: piercing the
Ground in a thouland laces; here We {hould with
pleafure obferve the (‘01) age Lettuce wind up it felfinto'
round Balls, and here that a multitude of Green
Herbs, and Legumes, fo different in colour, and varig
ous in their Ihapes, faciutb, the Tulip, the Amman:
the Reﬂumulm, and fo many Other Homers.

»—b._ , -. . 4....

Work: to be done in Mar.

N the Month of May, it is that the Mother one
getatiou feems in earneﬂ to difplay and exert all the
force {be is Miftrefs of, in order to the maintain
‘ T 2 lug

2 60 The Complete gard'ner.’ Vol. 11:?!
ing her felf in that Nourifhing Eﬁate duringthe whole "
Months of fame and fuly following, at this time cove. '
ring the Walls with new Branches, plumping the ’
Fruit, and covering the Earth with a lovely and cha-
ming verdure, 8/" c. And now our Gard’rzers have
great need to be upon their Guards, to prevent their
Gardens falling into diforder, hecaufe ’tis moﬁ fure,
that if they be nor now extremely Careful and Labor;-
ous, there is no difaﬁer but they may expect; perni<
cious Weeds will in little time choak up all their good
Seeds, their Walks and Alleys will be overgrown, and
their 'Iii'ce: will fall into greateﬁ Confufion, for which
tea-ions it will highly concern them to be extremely
watchful and diligent to weed, manure, cleanfe, to
take off all fupetﬂuous Leaves and Sprigs, and to nail
tip Wall-Tracy, by which means it will be in their
Power to'acquire the deﬁrable Commendation of having
adorned and fer out their Gardens with all the luﬂre
and excellency which they ought to have.

Gram Pear, that were fown in Banks or Borders in
0210/26), do begin to recompence out Pains, and to
bloli‘om at the coming in of this Month: About the
feventh or eighth day of this Month, we ihould plant
our (‘oZ/yﬂawcrs, Milan C‘abbzrget, Capacirz Capers, or
Nil/hares, Beat Chardr, 8cc. Ifwe plant them fooner,
they commonly run to Seed, which is to be avoided; .
and in ﬁne for thofe things, we ought not to pafs the
ﬁfteenth day, nor likewife for the {owing Winter
Czbbagcr. We now make all the haﬂe we can, to
make an end ofdif-eying or ﬂipping our Articboakes
which are vigorous, and feem to have need of being
difcharged and thin, and make an end of planting
new ones. The Eyes. or Sucker—ﬂips are good
enough, provided they be pretty thick and White,
though they have no root at their heel or foot, and
we may be fure to have very ﬁne Fruit from them
in rim/rm”, and in truth it were to bewiihed, they

- ' would

Vol. II. "Ike Complete (jard’ner. 116 l
would yield none fooner, be‘caufe thofe produced be—
. fore that time. are cemmonly pitiﬁrl, ltarvling, and
4 as ’twere abortive Fruits. Yet ’tis nor enough to
, plant only fome good 'thick young ﬂip-fuckers, but
: we mull likewife plant fome midling Ones, efpecially
‘ in fome well lhelter’d place, only to fortiﬁe them-
. felves there during the ref’t- of the Year, that they
may be able to yeild as their ﬁrlt Arzicboakr, next
,8 ring; thofe which have born in Autumn, not making
uch fwift advanCes as thefe other. Next we are to,
plant our Beet Chard: almolt at the fame time, which
are well placed, if planted in the middle of the
‘ Articboa/eer, that is, one Beet plant between two
Articboa/ter, f0 that there may be fome in one Rank,
and none in the other, for there muf’t be room enough
left free, to go upon to water, weed, manure, gather,
and to cover them too, when need {hall require. '

‘We alfo at the fame time rank our Fig-Tree: in the
place allotted for the Fig Plantatirm, that we may have
them .in the difpofitiOn we deﬁre. They begin then
‘ to put forth their Leaves and Shoots, and at length
their Fruit begins to plump at the full Moore.

Towards the end of the Month, we begin with di—
ligence and expedition, to nail up the new {hoots of
Wall-Trees, if they be ﬂrong enough to fuﬁ'er it: And
it is convenient to have ﬁnifh’d this work at the be-
' ginning of fame, becaufe at the end of that Month
we mull begin the fecond nailing of the ﬁrl’t Shoors,
and the ﬁrﬁ of thofe which were never yet nail’d.

If there be any Trees deﬁgned to mount upright
we mul’t accordingly order for that purpofe, the Branch
that feems molt proper for it. '

We fow a great deal of Genoa Lettucer, and we re«
plant fome of them, and of the other Lettuce: alfo.

We Likewife trim Pear-Trees, either to take of? the
falfe Shoots if any appear, which is done by plucking
them quite away when they make a confuﬁon, or even

T 3 (“Ch

 

\

2 62. The Complete gard’nerQ Vol, Ii.

fuch others which though they be good,“ yet becaufe
they might produce that confuﬁon which is‘ 1‘0 much
to be avoided in a Tree, muﬁ therefore be taken 05,
for the better fortifying of thofe that are to make the
ﬁgure of that Tree. -

‘ Sow Endive, that yOu may have fotne good, at the
end of fall}, which may be whitened in the fame place
where it ﬁrf’t grew, without removing if it be foWn
thin, and well watered during the whole Month. Take
now alfo the advantage of fome rainy Weather, to
plant in their deﬁgned places, your annual Flowers
fome of them feldom failing to come to good there;
likewife take the advantage of the fame time, to ﬁll
up with Barkered, or Circompcﬂd Trees, in the places
of thofe that are dead, or that thwart your expeéiati-
ons, or that give no very good hopes of their thri-
ving. It is neceffary to water thefe Trees two or three
times during the reli of the Summer.

Alfo iiill lant Beet Cbard:,chooﬁng for that purpofe
the brighteii of thofe that are of the growth of the
laii fown Seeds, as being both fairer and better than
thofe which are green.

Continue your szrﬂriepfStmwberrie Plums’till the
end of this Month, at which time you may perfeé’tly diii
tinguiﬂa the good ones by their Stems,or upright Shoots.
_. Alfo continue to tie up thofe Lettuce: that do not
Cabbage as they fhould.

Sow no more Lettzteer, except Gemea Letzzeeer, after
the middle ofMay, becaui'e all the rel’t but only this
laﬂ fort are too aptto run to Seed.

Replant Musk—Melon: and Cucumber: in the naked
Earth, in little Holes or Trenches ﬁlled with Mould;
alfo plant Pumpiom or Chew/s“ in the like holes, at the‘
dil’cance of three Tog/es, or Fathom, they ﬂtould be fuch
as have been raifed on Hot Beds, and therefore to make
them take Root again the fooner, cover them with
, fomething for ﬁve or ﬁx days, unlefs it rain, the ghreat
‘ eat

 

WNW-1".“t ., m“ ., _ , , . ,, n T'" ~_ my 2%,):
Vol. II. ' The Complete .Gard’ncr. 7,6;

' heat of the Sun, otherwife being apt to make them
, wither, and fometimes to kill them quite. ‘ .
. Continue to fow a few Pear, which mul’t be of the
biggeﬂ fort :and if you think good, pull oﬁ‘ fome of
the Branches of} the Others that are over vigorous, af.
ter they are well cleared of Weeds: Pear that are
disbranehed, bearing a more plentiful Crop than
Others.
. Bring out your Orange-Tree: at the ﬁrﬁ quarter of
this Months Moon, if the Weather begin to fecure
from the aﬂ‘aults of the Fro/I.

Trim your fdmz‘m when you bring them out, cut.-
§ing ,off- all their Branches to the length of half an

nch.

At the end of this Month, begin to clip for the ﬁrfl
time, your Palifades or Pole-Hedges of Bax, Fila-
ria’r, 12w, and Efpecia’r. -

Above all things, care Inuit be taken to water all
your Plant: largely, or elfe they will roaﬁ and fcorch,
whereas by the help offeafonable waterings, you may
viﬁble perceive them thrive. Alfo now water new
planted Trees, and for that purpofe make a hollow
Circle of four or ﬁve Inches deep, round about the
extremitie of the Roots 5 and pour into it iome Pitch-
ers of Water, and when ’tis foak’d in, either throw
back the Earth into the Circle, or cover it with dry
Dung, or Litter, in order to renew your watering fe-
Vetal Other times, ‘till the Tree: have taken fail roor
again, after which, ﬁll it with Earth again.

You may begin to replant your Par/lam for feeding
towards the end of the Month.

Continue to trim Musk-Melons, but replant no more
Of them after the middle of May. '

But {ﬁll continue to plant Cucumbers.

About the end of the Month, begin to plant Cal’s
levy, and you may ufe two ways of planting 1t, ma.
either in Cold-Bed: hollowed into the Ground, as ygu

. 4: 0

26-4 The Complete Gardner. Vol. IL?
do Aﬂmrgur, planting three ranks of them in every
Bed, and placing both the Ranks and the Celler Plants
at about a Foot difiance one from the anorher, and that
is the belt way for them when they area little bigger
than ordinary, that fo you may be able to raife the
Earth about them afterwards, with that which was
taken out of the Furrows, and which was thrown up-
on the next Cold Bedr, or elfe replant them on plain
Ground at the fame diliance as before, and at the
end of Autumn, binding them ﬁrﬂc with two or three
'Bands; thefe are raifed in Tufts, that you may re-
plant them as nigh as you can to one another, that to
they may be the more eaﬁly covered with long dry
Dugg, and the better whitened and defended from the
,Et‘a/ r.

Towards the end of this Month begin to tie your
Vine: to their Props, and to nail up fuch ﬂocks of
them, as are planted by Walls, after you have full
clear’d them of all their feeble, unproﬁtable, and un-
fruitfuI Shoots and Sprigs- ‘

Likewife plant ﬁngle Aliemonier, which ﬂower a
Month after, and you may have planted fome every
Month ﬁnce the laﬂ preceeding Al/guﬂ, they blowing
and flowering in the lame manner, if not hinder’d by
an extreme cold Seafon. /

At the very beginning of the Month, or at leal’t as
foon as ever you can, pick 01? and thin your Apricots}
when there are too many of them, never leaving two
clofe together , that to thofe you leave on may
grow the bigger -, and at the end of the lame
Month, you may pick oil and thin your Peaches and
Penn, if they be big enough, and there be too many
of them. About that time alfo or at the beginning
of the enfuing Month, the ﬁrﬁ bright Cabbage: are to
be fown for Autumn and Winter, the biggel’t of them
which are replanted in fit/y, being to be eaten in
Autumn, and the let‘s vigorous, which are replanted
u ’ V . - m

, ,4 m , V.‘-r--v_""-'“*',’ ‘ «‘53, ,_ ,t "+ _ "W ', ”New. 3".
a: N ¢ * .

     

a Vol. II. The Complete Gard’ner. 265
.. in SeptEmlzer and Oﬁaber, being to ferve for our Win- -
ter Proviﬁons. ‘ '

' Continue to fow a few Raddz'ﬂses among other Seeds,
as you {hould have alfo done in the two laf’t prece-
ding Months. '

. If your Garden be Situated in a fandy and dry -
Ground endeav0ur by the help of fome little Dikes or
Gutters to carry off all the water that falls fometimes
in haﬂy Storms to thofe places that are manured, that
none of it may be unproﬁtably walled in the Walks or
Allies, and if they be Situated in Ground that is too
ﬁmng, fat and moif’t, drain it away from thofe
Grounds that are incommoded by it, by conveying
it into Walks or Allies, to fpend it felf there, or
ihooting it off into StoneGuttets that carry it out of
the Garden, for which purpoi‘e you mull raife your
Ground into arch’d ridges.

During all this Month, it is as good to lay yellow
{lock Gillyﬂawers , by planting Cuttings of them,
whereever you have a mind, or by laying their
Branches that Hill grow to their Plants.

You lhould likewiie replant before the end of May
fome green curled and Aubervi/[ers Lettuce, that you
may have fome all the Month offer/2e, together with
the Cbicam, and Imperial Lang-Lettuce.

You mull. alfo at this time endeavour to deﬁroy

the thick whiteVVorms which now fpoil the Straw—
berries and Cabbage Lettuce, and take away the green
Caterpillars, which quite eat up the Leaves of the Cur. .
ran and Goofebe‘rry buﬂses, and f0 fpoil their Fruit.
‘ At the end of May, you {hould alfo thin thofe
Roots that grow too thick, and replant thofe you have
plucked up in anorher place, as Beet raves or Red
Beet-Roots, Par/mp, 8m.

3* Bﬁﬁﬁe

Praviﬁam

W l

)66 The. Complete Ganfnet; ' Vol. ll.

Proviﬂom and Prodm‘ls of May.

T is now the time of the ﬂourifhing reign of all
Verdutes and green things, and ofSallets,Radcliﬂaes-,
Ajpizragus, and Cucumbers as to their plenty and abun.
dance. Pea: and Strawberries now begin to come in,
and you may and ought to have of thofe forts of
Long Lettuce: call’d Alfarzges, and white Cbicons, pro-
vided you have had timely care to milk fome upon
Hot-Beds and early to tranﬁalant them , either in
orher Hot-Beds, or elfe in the naked Earth, in fome
well expofed place. ' ,
,_ You have alfo an inﬁnity of all forts of Flowers,
Tulips, Stock-Gillyﬂawers of all colours, Primnyes
borh deep blue and pale blue, Mufaris, Dai/z‘es, Flames,
Spring Honey-Smith's, Rye: oszwldraﬁngle Ammo
711w, 81C.

Likewife both ﬁngle anddouble Nara'ffus’s, and
Ptﬂﬂlt’: bOIh of the Flcjﬂy or Carnation, fand of the
*0va red colour.

N ow you begin to have fome Spring Lurks Heels.

You may have the Flower of the 'I‘rifolizm Arboreum,
or yellow 'I'wfoil, growing on a Shrub, and both the;
Common and Perﬂan Lie , Mmygolcls and Scdzmzs,
otherwile culled Palmaria, and rifles/ted white ﬂat/é
Gilly/lowers, both iingle, and double, that is to fay,
the fulﬁl/us. As likewilé \ dam/rings, Veronica’s, 015.
Pins/fins, plumed o-t panached facimb, yellow Man
ugh/2s with their flame coloured Pendant, Spanilh
Carnations, 8'6.

Jim

g W'Vyfsa‘IIVP-ery?‘za{jw(gkfwxrm€miv:$27”~"\ir ,v‘ , .. _ .vc V errWQ-r’x .

I Vol. II. The Complete Gard’ner. 16?

t How to judge certainly by viewing and viﬁtittg * a
Kitchen-Garden, whether there be any thing went-
ittg in it, which it ﬂmuld be ﬂack’d with it: the
Month of May.

‘ W HE N May comes in we have no longer oc-
caﬁon to demand why fuch and fuch fpots
“n of Ground are yet bare, Spam/b Cardom, Collyﬂawers,
:,.,' Chard beets, Celleiy, and even Articbaaks, and Cabbage
Lettuces, which were not to appear fo early, and for
which thofe places were deﬁgn’d, coming to occupy
l them at the latter end of April, or beginning of this
fl Month, antLPurﬂain which becaufe of the delicatenefs
'~ of its temper, had ”till now been retain’d in the Seed
7 Clofet, comes out at this time to gild the Earth, and
s to oﬁer it felf in abundance to pleafure its Maﬂer.
.‘ The Strawberries beginning to come now to Maturity,
v open and lead the way to the Other Red Fruits, which
'2 are immediately to follow after them : Green Peas are
: ready to fatisﬁe the longing Appetite of the lickerifh
f Palate: There is hardly any but sz'mge, and Meeker,
a" that Have off the performance of their duty ’till Auguﬁ
'; and September, for we may now fee fome little begin
rt nings even of Endive, and Haﬂiizgs or Early Cherries
*‘ Were the ﬁrl’t Fruit that appeared in this Month ofMay,
“ the Haﬁitzg Apricots, the little Mufcat Pears, and the
: Avert Peaches, or Forward Peaches, will not leave them
,; long alone to enjoy the glory of being the fole Riches
: and Ornaments of our Gardens.

Works

 

268 The Complete Gard’nerl , 'V91-_1L;

War/E: W done in June.

N j’zme, plant Lee/l: in Holes or Trenches ﬁx full
1 Inches deep, at half a Foot’s diﬁance one ffom the’
Other. , .

Continue to fow Endive, and Genoa Lettuces, that
you may be furnilht with fome to replant upon occa-
ﬁon all the tell of the Summer.

Replant Beet t hard: in order to have them good to
eat in Autumn, they are bell placed in the void fpace
remaining between the Articboa/c Razzl’t:,they mull be fet
at the diﬂance of a Foot and a half one from the Other.

Take great care to extirpate all the Weeds which
now grow up in abundance, and that particularly
before they run to Seed, to prevent their multiplying,
which they are apt to do too much of themfelves,
without fowing. '

Now without delay, clip all your Palifade’s, and

\ edgings of Box, f0 that they may be all furnifht
at fartheﬁ at Mzd Skill/7267', and have time to fhoor out
again before Autumn, now you mull liberally water
all Seed: fown in your Kitchen-Gardens. ‘

Water plentifully, every day the Cucumber: upon
Hot Bride, and [Hm/6772610)]: moderately two or three
times a week, allowing half a Pitcher full of water to
each Plant. ~

From the middle of fans begin to graf‘f by Inocula-
tion, your Stane-PVuit—Treer, and efpecially C barrier
upon great Trees, upon Wood of two Years growth,
which are cut oil three or four Inches from the place
where the Sczzrcbeon is to be placed. The bell time
for this is always before the Solﬂice.

Grofs Soils mull he often ﬂirted and manured, that
they may nor have time to grow hard, and chap,
commonly we bellow an univerlal manuring or {lir-

ring

 

w ,v-r .mvw ’)."‘

,. VoI II. I I I'Ibe‘CompIett Gard’uer. I 269 I

ring up the Ground upon all our Garden: in this
if Seafon, and the belt time to ﬂit dry Grounds in, is
% either a little before, 0r after Rain, or even whill’t it i
t rains, that the water may more fwiftly penetrate the
F bottom, before‘the great heat comes to turn it into
vapours, and for ﬁtting and moif’t Soils, we muff
5:“ wait for hot and dry weather, to dry and heat them,
' before, we move them 5 careful Gard’zzcrr make
.2' Dykes- to convey the gluts of Water that fall about
;' this time in haﬂy Storms, a crofs their Squares, efpe-
, cially if their Ground be light, but on the contrary,
- if it be too ﬁrong, they drain the water out of the
: Squares, as I have faid already, when I was fpeaking
of the works of May.
Carefhlly cultivate your Orange-Trees, according

a. to the method prefcribed in the Treatife compoféd
,7 purpofely on that Subject.
' Take up Tulip Roots out of the Ground at the
. end of this Month, their Leaves being then wither-
ed.

Dishranch Harico’s or French-Beam, and towards
the end of this Month, fow Pea: to have them ﬁt to
eat in September.

  

Prom/[om and Produﬁiom of June.
YOU have now abundance of all forts of red

Fruits, as Strawberries, Currant, Gotfeberrier,
" Cherrier and Bigarra’: or Heart-Cherries, Ste.
Some Pear: and particularly little Mzgfcatr‘.
Abundance of Articboa/t‘r and Bet-Chard: .
Great ﬂore of Pear, and of Garden, and French
r Beam.
Great ﬂora of [Mu/brooms and Cucumbers.
Alfo great plenty of ﬁne, or Tweet and ﬁrong
fcented, or Aromatick Herbs, viz. Time, Savory,
‘ Iliiyjfp , Invader , 8m, And alfo of Medicinal
. CI 5-

Roman

 

l

270 The Complete (jarri'ner. Vol. II.

Roman Lettuees, and white Alﬁznge Lettueer, and a-
bundance of Genua Lettuce:, and Par/Iain. -

Abundance of Flowers, as well to garnifh Difhes,
as to fer out Flower Pots, viz. Double Poppies of all
colours, white, pale, violet, ﬂelh colour’d, or Car-
nation, ﬁame coloured, purple, violet colour/’d, and
panached or iiriped yellow, and violet Puriﬁer, Laria-
Heels, fielians, Fraxilenee, or Fraxinellru, or Baﬂard
Dittanies, Refer, of all forts, viz. double, panached
or ﬁriped, double Eglantiner, or Deg-reﬁt, my“ of
Gueldres,Cinnmon Refer,white Lillier, yellow Lillies,
Metricarze’s, or Feather fews,Afphodel or Afpondel Lil.
lier, Calves fnomr, Virga Auree, or Golden Rod, of faﬂe
Flowers of two colours, Gladio/m’s, Veronica’s, or Flu.
ellines, Spenifb Carnations, Mzgnnrdr, Verbzgfcumr, or
Mullein Flowers, double Coqueriere.

Thlzin, or Trezcle Mir/24rd of two forts, the great
and little Mufeipua’: Valeriam, Taufe Bonner, or A]—
good:, or good Harier, Poets Gilliﬂowerr, both the
white and Carnations, yellow Willow Herbs, or Loafe-
{lrifeg Lady-Gloves, and towards the middle of fune,

.Ronzen Cl’ervil, Orange Flowers, Tubero/er, ﬁngle Ann

(monies, Mignerdifer, and Marine or Sea Violets.
And you begin to fee fome Cabbager.

How to judge certainly by viewing and vi/iting d
KitchemGarden, whether there be any thing manta
ing in it, which it jheuld be ﬂock’d with in the
Month of June. , ‘

T H E parching heat of the Month of fun: hin-
ders us indeed from going into our Garden in
the heat of the day, but what charms are there not,
in oing to viﬁt it Morning and Evening, when the
breathing); of a gentle Zephyr reign there SVOVith

Yea

Vol. II. The Complete Gard’ner.’ 7. 7 l

'SSovereign fway ? Now is the Seafon when we may

rviﬁbly perceive with Our Eyes, all things to grovvand
Ithrive, and fee a Branch that ﬁve or fix days before,
4 was not above a foot lOng now fhor out to three or
lfour. Leeks are now planted, and fquares covered
\r with green Herbs, complete the Tapeﬁry that adorns
rthe Ground -, the Vine Mower: make an end of through-
l‘ly embalming the Air, which Was already over per-
lfum’d with the gratelul odour of the Strawberries.

We gather in all parts, and at the fame time with

tprofuﬁon diliribute all thofe Plants that are becorne fo
- l beautiful and accompliﬂied 5 we ﬁll up the places again

'F we had disfurnifh’d, fo that there hardly ever remains

:any part void 5 and nature now affairs no better di-.
"vertifment than to be amazing us with Miracles of
lfertility,fo well alliﬂed as the is, by the kindly warmth

aof the Father of Light -, only (he needs now and'then
ithe Auxiliary refrefhment of conVenient moiﬂure,
2: moiﬂure which the propitious Clouds fometimes
irabundantly pour down, but which fometimes the
.EGard’rzer: Indul’try too is fain to fupply her with in
Tithe time of need. The Cold-Bed: and Counterborder:

Elevelled and adjuﬂed even to a Line, and well furnifhr

twith Cabbage Lettuccr, the, fareﬁ Articboaber of
different colours which now appears, is not lefs ad-

jmirable than the Pair/ad“ and Pole-Hedger fo exqui-
i “:Iitely well extended.

 

 

Works to be dam: in July.

" N this Month, many forts of Seeds are gathered,
. . and Endive is fown for the proviﬁon ofAzztzm/zz
rand Winter. We alfo low Rryal Lettuce to haVe it

good for ufe at the end of Autumn.
_ Still continue to fow fome Cibouler and white Beet:
r-‘for Autumn, and form: few Raddz‘fber-in cool placefs, of
’ uc -

272. The Complete. Gard‘ner. Vol. Hilly]

fuch as 'are extremely well water’d, to have them ﬁt : l
to eat at the beginning of Augu/l. , ‘ ‘ f

If the Seafon be very dry, begin at the latter end of}.
the Month, to graﬁ by inoculation of a Dormant Bud,
upon Quince-Trees, and PlumbTrees.

Begin to replant White or Bright Cabbages for the :_.:
end of Autumn, and the beginning of Winter.

Sow more Lettuees Royal.

Sow for the laﬁ time, your Square Peas in the mid‘ ,
die of fuly, that you may have fome to ‘fpend in .
Oﬂober. '

In this Month particularly, Peach-Trees- produce fe—
veral {hoots. About the middle of fuly begin to lay
your Clove Gilliﬂowers, and Carnations, if their Bran- .
ches be ﬁrong enough to bear it, otherwife you Pray ‘
’till Augu/t, or the middle of September.

Provi/z'ous and Produéls of July.

V B have in this Month abundance of Arti-~
ehoakes, Cherries, Griotr, or Agriots, and
Biggarro's or Heart Cherries.
Plenty of Strawberries, Peas and Beans.
Great {lore of Cabbages, Musk-melons, Cucumbers,
and all forts of Sallets.
Some white Endive, and. fome Rodi/hes.
Some Plzmzbs, viz. the yellow Plumb, and the-
Cerifet, or little Cherry-Plumb.
Some Summer Calvil-Apples. .
A great many Pears, viz. Maudlirt Pears, Cuzﬂ'e'
ﬂiddt’lml‘, or Lady Thighs, great Blzmguets, or great
White Pears, Orange greet: Pears. ’
About the middle or latter end of feel}, we have
the ﬁrﬂ Figs.
Allo we have Verjuz'ee. :
As for Flowers, we have [till a great many, and
the molt part of them I have mention’d in the pre‘
ceding Month. ’ ‘ W
e

it; "

, '01; IL' The Complete Gardner; 17; '

. , We have ‘beﬁdes them , Geranium Neéieolen: or
1N ight fmelling Crane bill, Rue with its Olive-colohr’d
flower, fern/akin Creﬂee, borh ﬁngle and double
:iKicIney-Beam, of a ﬂame colour, which lali till No:
member, Cyanns, or Corn Flowers, borh white, and pale
"violet, Captains, or Neﬂurcer, Cl-znzenzile, and toward;
[the middle offnly, Clove sail/Mower: and Carnation: be.
gin to come in. ,

       

 

War/c: to be done in Augull.

IP“ ROM the very middle of Align/i, you mull be.
y gin to four Spinnge to be ready about the mid-
:lle of September, and Meeker for Winter Sallads, and
$bell-Lettuces, to have Proviﬁon of Cabbage Lettuces;
at the end ofAutnnzn, and during the Winter Scafon.

Replant Strawberry Plants in their deﬁgned Places
which you have railed in Tufts.

At the latter end of the Month, fow fume Cabbage
in fome good Expoﬂtion, to removeinto a Nnrfeiy, in
:"ome other well lheltered place, where they at: to pafs
the Winter, in order to be replanted in their deligneJ
blaces in the following Spring.

Alfo fow all the Month long fome Cabbage in fome
3::ood Expoﬁtion , as well to replant at the end 05
ieptenzber or beginning of 061012”, in the places where
they are to remain under fome good {helter, as to have
time ready hardened againl’t the cold, to replant again
ifter Winter, either in the naked Earth in the Month
if March, or upon bot beds, at the very beginning of
february, if the Winter be very cold, they mull be
:overed with long Litter.

Sow Onion: to have good ones the next year, at the
eery beginning of fuly, which ﬂiould be replanted in
March next following. \

V We

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$74 Tb“ OW?“ Gardner. "Vol§"“11‘.§""*

We teplant a great deal of Endive at a large foot :.
diﬁance between Plant and Plant, as alfo Royal and:
Paxpigmm Lermcer, which are very good in Autumn a
and Winter. . , '

Sow Macbe: for Lem. .

1 Continue to nail up your Wall-Trees, and by little:
and little, to uncover thofe Fruits, which you wouldi
have tinged with much Red, as Peacbe}, Api-Ap- -
f/cr, Bic. '

Tye up your Endive with one, two, or with .
three bands if it be very high, but the uppermoi’t:
Band mull be always looler than the raft, others-retire:
the Lettmcs will burﬂ in the iides whilﬁ it is White-
ning. , .

At the middle of .Augu/i we begin to cover with:
eompoil‘, the Sorrel that was cut very clofe to recruit:
its vigour, a good Inch thicknefs of Compoﬁ is enough:
to lirew all over it, becaufe they would be apt to rot
if you {hould ufe more to them. ~

Pluck oil" the runners of «Strawberry Plants, to pre
ferve their old Stocks in the greater vigor, and when
their Fruit is pail, which is about the end of .7249, 'or
the beginning of/iugzgﬁ, cut away all the old 81561115,
and old Leaves, that they may produce new ones.

Still continue fowing of Spinoge, for the beginning
of W inter.

Take your Onions out of the Ground as foon as
their Stems begin to dry, andlet them lie ten or twelve
days a drying in the Air, before you lay them up
in your Granary, or fome Other dry place, or elfe
hind them up in Ropes, becaufe othetwife they would
terment and rot, if they were laid up before they
were dry. ‘

Gather your Shula: at the very beginning of the
Month, and draw your Garlioe out of the Ground.

Ar

 

 
 

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At the end of Angnﬂ the Flori/i: fet into the'Earth
their facintbs, fair Ammonia: and Rannncnlm’s or
Crnwﬁots, fungnilr, Tofu: Alba’s and Imperialr.

‘ At the beginning of this Month, tread down the
items of Onions, and the Leaves of Beet-Raver, or Rec]
Beet Roots, Carratr, memips, Sic. or elfe we take OPE
their Leaves quite, to make their Roots grow the big-
ger in the Ground by hindring. their Sap from {pend-

‘ing it felf above Ground.

.Provi/[ons and Prodm'h of Auguﬁ.

E have at this time abundance of Summer
Pear: and ofPlnnzlu, and of fome fort of
Peaches, as Mandlin, Minion and Baurdin Peacber,
étc.
As alfo of white Endive.
Plenty of Figs. .
Great ﬂore Of Musk-melons and Cucumbers.
We have alfo fome Citruls or Pmnpiom.
. We continue ﬂill to have all forts Of green Herbs,
all Kitchen-Roots, and Onions, Ga‘rlick and Shalom,
'As alfo ~
Abundance of Lark-Heels, Indian-Roﬂes, and Indian
Gillyﬂower: , or. French Mafégoldr, great [lore of
Marked Rafts, Monthly Rafts, fry/min, Latter Larkro
Heels, Tuber-rafts, Matricar'ia’s, and greater or lell‘er
'I’blafpi’s and beﬁdes them, Sunﬂowers, Aﬂm, Etc.

V 2 How

 

,. Y .

: Vol. If. - The Complete Qard'nerI .275

*W’

\\'/*9~

‘!"*“ Z’jRC'JWI‘G '

276 The Complete Gard'ner. 'l Vol. ll.

How to judge certain/y hy "viewing and afﬁxing a
Kitchen Garden, whether there be any thiﬁg mm:-
ing in it, which itjhou/d be ﬂat/8d with in the
Month: of July and Augull.

N thefe two Months ofﬁdy and ell/gaff, Kitchen-
Gardcmfhould be fo richly and happily endowed
with whatfoever their condition is capable of, that- we
may ﬁnd plenty of all things there both to iati'sﬁe
the pleafures of the prefent, and provide for the ne-
ceilities of the future time, ii) that let us :equir: of
them what we pleafe, they may be as ready to anlwer,
as we to make out Demands.

As for example, we have a mind to all or any forts-
of Herbs“, Room, Salladr, Perfumes, SIC. They will
imemdiately furniih us with them -, have we a fancy to
any Musk Ale/ions? we may fmell them a great way
of? and need but follow our nofes, floor) and gather
them,-, Would we have any Cucumbers, ﬂat Pumpiom,
or other Pumpiom, or C'itrzzlr, ZVIu/hroomr, 81c. They
will prefent us with (lore of them, Do our Appetites
farther crave after Artiehaakes, or Pears, Plumbr, Figs,
Ste. we may be ﬁne to ﬁnd there a confiderable
quantity of all tlroie things ,- or, Have We a mind
.likewife to have any Sweet and Aromatical Herbs,
as Time, Sage, Savory, Sic. or any relilhing Plants,
as Gz'zrlz'ek, Ozzie/2:, Cibouler, Leeks, Reeamboler, or
Span/ﬂ) Garliek, 8m There we need not fear to be
lupplied. Nay , the four or ﬁve next preceeding
Months feem only to have laboured for thefe two
laﬁ, f0 that we may ex eﬁl all {hould go well in out
Gertie/2: in this feafon, if we be provided with'a good
Gard’xzer, and which above all things, has the Skill to
chufe well, and Judgment enough to know how and
when to gather. The Carnations .now are no fmall
Ornaments to our Gardem, and the Flori/2r nowb a‘te

' u re

...... Jaxkv _-,.

, 3‘

’ 2;; 1,», mm vl
t. I,

Vol; II. ‘Tbe template Gard’nerl 177‘

buﬁe in couching their Layers, forget not to take

their Bel/12cm Roots out of the Earth, to lay them up
in places oi‘lhelter and fecurity. ‘ '

     

 

\ ~.‘

Work: to be done in September.

0 N T I NUE (till the works of the preceeding
Month.

Make Hot Beds for Maj/Brooms.

Replanr a great deal of Endive, hut clofer together
now than in the foregoing Months, that. is, place them
at halfa foet’s dil’tance one from the other, becaufe
now their Tufts grow not f0 large as before.

They mull: he replanted in a’lmof’t all the fpare pla-
ces from the very beginning of the Months till the
ﬁfteenth or twentieth day. At the latter end of the
Month, fow Spingc the third time, which will be
good in Lam, and even until ﬁrm? following.

During this whole Month you mull continue to re-
move Strawberry Plants out of your Nurﬁrz'er,to reim-
place thofe tufts which are dead in your 8311:, you mull
immediately water them, as you mul’t do all Plants
which are fer a-neyv.

Set fome in Pors roWards the twentieth day, if you
intend. to force any in the Winter. ‘

Tie up ﬁrft with Oﬁer Withs, and afterwards to-
wards the ﬁfteenth of the Month, carefully wrap up
with long Litter, or new Straw, fome 8174an Car-
(10):: and Articboake Plants, to have them whitened or
Blanched about ﬁfteen or twenty days after 5 But
great care mull be taken in wrapping them up,to keep
them perfeEtly upright, otherwife they will overlet,
and fnap in funder on one ﬁde -, and to hinder the
winds from lying them on our ﬁde too, they mill

' V 3 ¢

 

\ M > > r u w. _’ - “:3, st 7, .-,_ “wt—w!
278 The Complete 94rd ner. Vol. II. *5
be fenced with a Bank of Earth of about a full foot
hi h. ' '
gFrom the ﬁfteenth of the Month to the end, and
till the middle of Ofiober,teplant [bell Lettuees in fome
Well (heltered place, and‘efpecially near the foot of
fome Southern and Eaﬂerrt Well, that you may have
fome of them Cab/rage for {pending in Lent, and d119
ting the whole Months of April and May.
Bind up your Ce/[ery with one or two hands below,
. and then mile 3 Butt or Ban}: about it either with very
dry long Dung, or with very dry Earth to whiten it 5
but we mull have a care nor to tie it up but in very
dry Weather, the fame caution mull be oblerved in all
Plants that are to be tied, after which, cut OPE the ex-
tremity of the Leaves to prevent the fap from afcend-
ing and {pending it felt to no purpofe, by which
means it is kept down in the Buried Plant, and makes
it grow thick. -

Sow Meebes for Lent, and for Reporter’s, it is not
worth the while to low them in a Garden, becaufe there
are enough of them in the Spring-Time, to be found
in the Corn Fields, and by the hedge-ﬁdes.

Sow Poppies and Lark-Heels in flower-Gardens,
to have them Flower, in farm and ful/v, before them

_ that are fown in March. .

Previﬁotts and Predm‘i': of September.

V E have abundance ofViolet Peaches, Adm"
, rabies, Purple, Per/Eek Peaches, Sic.’
Great {lore of Reﬂex, or Ruﬂet Pears, melting Pears
of Bray}, fome Better-Pears, 81c. ' ' T

Plenty of Endive, and ofSttecory, and of Cabbages.

Towards the end of the Month begin to come in
abundance of fecond Figs-

At the latter end'of the Month we have likewife
fome Sptztzz'ﬂ) Cardem fome Artiebotzite Church, fome
‘ - ' ~ ~ Celletjy

       

. y 2 7‘9
ECelle‘ry Plume, a great many Gama, or Bumﬁiom. {lore
l'; of Articboakr, and fome Music-melomﬁill. ' i
‘ Some Colbtﬂawerr.
,We begin to have fome good Mil/ca! Graper.
- And fome 0rdnge;.- ‘
. As to Fewer: we have now great {lore of Tubmfc;
ﬁﬂerr, or 06141115 Cbrjﬂfs, of Homer gem/0:, Velvet,
L Flowers, or Azmmmbm, of Ill-Jim: Gilliﬂozcerr, or
; French Marigolds, of Indian R'fer, Marvel: (f Pam,
‘ Trilar Volubilis, Lawrel, or Buy Rofer, both White
: and Carnation, Ultramarine Rtfer, Ordinary Slot/€-
' Gilliﬂowers, bOth of the White and violet Sorts, 55,6.
I. Ciclamcm: and fome' Oran 6 ﬂowers, with ﬁngle AI:-
, avionics.

., 613 L» l} " "Hie Complete gard'ner;

r7.

 

Work: to be done in OE’tober.

Ontinue the ﬂame Works as in the preceeding,

C Month, except Graﬁnﬁ the Seafon for which

iis now pm, but particularly you mull be bulie in

:preparing Cell/er)- and Caz-dam, plant a great many

; Winter Lettuce:, and forne too upon old Hot—Beds,

: to force them fo as to have them good for our eating

; about Martimmu’.

Plant Winterﬂrbbages on thofe Sim/£5, lay aﬁde

: all the Mould or made Earth, to ufe again when you

a make new Hot Beds, and carry away the rotteneﬁ
'_ Dung to thoie Grounds that are to be dunged.

_ About the middle of 0501767, carry back into their
EHoufes your Orange.Tree.r, Tuberofm, and fafmim, _
{ placing them there with fome agreeable Symmetry,“
{leaving the -Windows open in the day, f0 long as it
2 does not freeze, but keeping them always carefully
I {but at Night, till at 131’: we {hut them up quite
; anti carefully dam up both them and the Doors;

1%

V 4; 3337-1

180 r The Complete gard’net.‘ ‘ Vol. I”

Begin to Plant all forLS-of Tree: as foon as thEitl
LEVIUC’S are fallen. - / ' :5

(‘ontinue ﬁill to Pia/2t a great many -Wimer Letty-
ces in fome well lhelter’d Place, and on fome good
Borders, at ﬁx or feven Inches diﬁance one from the
Other, there uﬁtally pCIlﬂleS enough of them to pre—
vent '0ur Complaints of their growing too, thick toge-
ther. ‘ ‘

Towards the middle of Dabber, the Flariﬂs Plant
their Tulips, and all Other Bid/mu: Roots no: yet fer
into the Ground. ' '

In this Month you mull perform your laﬁ manuring
and turning up ofllrong, heavy, and moilt Grounds,
asiwell to cleltroy the Weak, and giving an Air'of
neatnefs and agreeablenel's to our Garden: in this Sea-
fon, when the Country is more viﬁted than at any
Other time, as to make that fort of Ground timely Con-
ttaE’t a kind of Ctul’t, that may hinder the Winter wa-
ters from f0 eaﬁly penetrating them, and on the con-
trary, may {hoot them oil, down to places of a lower
Situation. ‘ ' v ~ ‘ ' ‘ ‘ ' "

It is convenient to begin to fow now in fome well
ﬂielteted place towards’the South or Eaﬂ, or’elfe upon
110; Beds, thofe Sal/ads, 81c. that are to be made ufe
of in Winter, or early in the Spring: upon Condition
' that in due time they be well covered when fown

againﬁ the Cold. ‘ . ‘

Prnvifﬁarzs and Produc‘js'qf Oﬂober.

. t E have abundance of fecond Figs.
Plenty of Mufcat and qulfela’: Grapcr.
Great (lore of Butler Pears, Doymizer, Bergamotr,
Vine-Pears, Law 465‘, Chg/am and Meﬁer-fobm.
Abundance o Endive and Sammy, Cardom, Arn'.
{zit-m Cba'z'df, lily/brown and Catawba", andfl’till
' ' OIHG

     

a.

v> e: A.
‘3‘.-

Tbe Complete Gard’ner. I 28:

Tome ﬂittslc-melons too, if there have been no hard
Frolls.

We have all manner of'gteen Pot-Herbs, Sorrel,

7 Beets, Chervil, Potﬂey, and: 01201114“, Roots, Garlick,

Onions, and Shelots.
~Great Rose of Peaches, Viz. Admirables, Niven,

Whiteﬁndiltjes, Letter Violet Peaches, Tel/ow letter
Peaches, Rombonillet, and Cadillac Pavies, Tel/owPevies,
and Red I’d-vies.

Spinoge and latter Parts.

For Flowers we have ﬁngle Animonies, Tltbercgfes,
Laurel, Time Flowers,‘Velvet Flowers, fdfnzins, Lawrel
Rofes, Cielantens, 8m. ' ‘

How to judge certainly by viewing and viﬂting a
Kitchen-Garden, whether there be any thing wont-
ing in it, which it jhou/d be ﬂee/8d with in the
Month of September and OE’cober.’

F in fuly and Auguﬂ our Kitchen Garden: have ﬁgna~
I lized themfelves by their Mus/c Melons, Cucumbers,
Legumes, and even by their lenbs, their ﬁrﬂ Figs,
and fome few Pears, 81c. we {hall fee that in the Months

, of September and 0801267“ which fuceed them, they
will thew themiélves exceedingly Glorious in the
matter of Fruits which will be by the abundance of
Peaches, Mufcet, and Che/fala’s Grapes, of fecond Pigs,
and of Rujﬁ'let, Butter, Verte Longue, or Long Green,
and Bergenzot Pears, ﬁle. This being undoubtedly
the true Seafon for Fruits, and the time in the whole
year wherein the Country is moﬁ'frequented.

The moderate temper of the Air which now keeps
an agreeable Medium between the great Heat of the
DOg-days newly pail, and the bitter Cold that- is to
bringéon Winter; invites out the inhabitants of the'
Cities, to make a {ally out to breath the free Air of
‘ ‘ ' the

 

t ., JsfrVFf'rgrf.-_'Vrr7\‘§r :wr’smtmagra‘sw

the Country, and to aﬂiﬂ at gathering of Fruits:
And the Gardens ought now to’furpafs in an inﬁnite
quantity all they were acouﬂomed to produce in other
Months, nor is it ﬁt now to fuﬁer one fpeck of Ground
to lie idle. For if any fquare has been newly disfur.
nifhed, as for example, a Garliclz, Onion, or Shel/at
Square, SIC. you ihould take care to ﬁll it up prefently
again with Spizzagc, Mather, Charm}, C’ilmuls, arc,
The fame courfe is to be taken with fome Bed: of Sam-
mcr Lama's, which {hould be fucceeded by a great
number of E/zdtve Plants, WimcrLettzgcer, SIC. The
Balboa: Roots of flowers mutt now be put into the
Earth again, to begin to take fuch new Root as may
defend them againﬁ the rigours of the approaching
Winter. - ,

 

Work: to be due in November.

» N this Month begin to force an Artiﬁcial Spring by,

2 8 z The Colin/allele" ‘C‘iard'ner, Veil. ill-fQL-é'i

 

‘x‘

the means of your Hot Bedr,upon which we fow lit- .

tle Sal/ctr, Viz. SmallLettzzccr to cut, C bervz'l, Creﬂrsﬁlc.

Plant Lettuce: to Cab/rage, under Bells or Glaﬂ’
Emma, and replant upon them, Mint, Tarragon, and
Balm. Plan, and fome Sarrel, wild Endive or Smear},
and Macedonian Par/lay, and Burner, and if the weather
frill continue pretty fair, make an end of planting
Lettuce; in places of good fhelter,

This is particularly the Month 0f the greateft Work
and Labour of all, in order to the avoiding the in.-
convenience of wanting Garden neceﬂ‘aries, which is
no ordinary Companion in this dead Seafon, for in
earnel’t the Cold fails not to make great Havock in the
Gardens of the IaZy 5 and therefore at the very begin-
ning of the Month, how ﬂatteringly fair foever the,

' ' weather:

   

~1uu,14‘llflf(- 44:34.. - MM '5“!

E'Vol. II;

n

i

     

 

 

The, Complete Gard’ner;
weather appear, there mull be fome dry long Dung
brought: and laid near the Endive, Articboa/ter, Chard
, Bette, .Cellernyeekr, Roots, BIC. that being ready at
hand, it may with the more tacilty in few hours be
thrown upen- every thing that needs it, to prevent their
deﬂruEti‘on; and‘alfoon as ever the Cold begins to

ﬁlew it feigyou mull begin to cover your Fig-Trees.
Alfoan as the Fro/is appear, begin to ufe the long
‘Dung-Whioh you have been careful to order to he

. brOught and laid ready in needful places, for ex-
' ample, if it be for Arricboa/icr, you may keep thema

little elevated towards the North, to ferve them inliead

, of. a “fmall‘fhelter, till you cov’er them uite », or elfe

if you be ’prelled with Works to be done e fewhere, you
cover prefantly, always taking care however before
you cover them, to cut off all that is whithered from
them. 'A little of this Dung fetves againli the ﬁrli

_ attacks, but we redouble our coverings as the Cold

augments; They which are not provided with that
fort of dry Dung, may ufe inl’tead of it, inch dry
Leaver as are gathered up in the neighbouring lVoocIr.

If you have a mind to whiten fOr Chard: any of the
biggeﬂ of thofe Artichoake Plants, tie them below with
two-or three Bands, and then wrap them about with
long'dry Dung, or Straw, which you muli bind over
them again , as is already direEicd when we were
{peaking of Cardom.

In dry Soils, you mull earth up a little our 1177?.
cbaaker, which would be pernicious in wet Grounds,
hecaufe it would rot the Arlicbaa/ce Plamr.

_ It is convenient to let the Artirkoakm alone fo cover-
ed till the hill Moon of March be pali, that being com-
monly very dangerous 5 and many Gard’m’rs fuller the
lofsof their Articboaker, in being tempted by fome fair

' days in March, to take off their coverings quite, and to

- proceed to manuring them -, for if you uncover them, it .
[hould be but very little, and you {hould always have
‘ ' ' ‘ ' the

is; *

184 The Complete Gardner. ‘ Vollllzgln

the caution, to lewe th: Dung clol'e By them, to be
ready at hand to cover them again, inpcafe the Fro/2 '<
returns. ‘ ' ‘ -, ,

‘ At the very beginning" of the Month-f, ‘before‘the
Fro/l: he come, make an end of'tying up your Endive
that is big enough to ﬁilfer it, and cote: it with what
you can get : you all'o cover your other ﬁgdive in the
fame manner, which we could not tie-up. In like-
wile whitens equally well 5 and it is very corivenient,
if we have a Confervatory, to plant as‘many as We can
of the blggeit of them there, in tufts, as we {hall
further lhew hereafter. ‘ at ., ' ,

Now take the advantage of fome fair dry weather,
to lay up all you have a mind to keep for ydur Winters
protiﬁon, and for that eﬁeﬂ, take up the Plants in
Tufts, with Earth hmging to them, before they be
1*} oﬂ bitten, and plant them very clole one to another
in the Corgfermto/jya which for Example are, all Roots,
as Car/wry, Kraft/fr, and Bret-raver, or Red Beet~Roots',
and Awash/m, which have Fruit. The Gram ones
are more proper for this purpofe than the Via/er ones,
which at: more tender and leis able to endure the Fro/l,
and more apt to putriﬁe in that part neat their ﬂem,
than the Other which are more ruﬁical and hardy;
And 3112‘) Spa/rill) Crude/rs, Gt:’/)t,v’lawttl'r, and Endive or
Stator}, as well the White, as the Wild fort, and even
Let/'13 angl Cr lazy, though both thefe lail will keep
u-ell enough in the naked Earth, when they are well
coveted : ‘llut here is to be noted, that Cal/cry when
OlILC whitened mull be eaten prefently, Otherwife it
would ror, And you mull be careful to raife fome of
it late, that it may remain fmall in the Earth, without
heiug very much covered, which fetves for the latter
end of‘Pcltrmu'y and the Month of March.

Thole l’erfohs who live near the Woods, will do
well to gatherup the leaves there, not only to make
me or lot coverings, as I have faid, but likewiieltq

ill!

     

Vol. II, The Complete Gard’ner. 2 8 5
I‘ lay them to rot in fome hole, the foil of them being
’ Very good, and efpecially to make ufe of for Mold.
Now open and lay bare the Root: of Trees that feem
to languiih, in order to take from about them the old
, ‘Soil, cutoff as much of their Root: asis found in an ill
1 condition, and Earth them up again afterwards with
good new Earth.

Make fome HotaBed: for Mat/brown. The method
to make them well, is to choofe fome fpor of new,
and as near as can be, light and fandy Ground, and dig
there a hallow Bed of ﬁve or ﬁx Inches deep, of three
or four wide throughout,and of what length you pleafe.
The Dung mull be either of HOIﬁ’ or Male, and Inuit
be already pretty dry, and fuch as has been piled up
fome time: Then make the Bed about two foot high,
raking and pteﬂing the Dung as clofe and tight as
you can, yet f0 that it may the better {hoot oft" the wa-_
ters to the right and left, which if“ they will pierce
through it, would tor the Dung -,. after that, cover
the Bed to the thicknefs of two foot more, with the
Neighbouring Earth, over which again, throw ano-
ther coveringof ‘three or four Inches thick of Litter,
which in the Winter may guard from the great Cold,
and in the Summer, {hade from the violent heat, the
Illa/broom: which may be expeEted to {hoot up about
three or four Months after.

Employ the long dry Dung of which you ought
to have made ptoviﬁon in the Summer, to cover your
Fag-Trees, as well thofe of the Walls, as Dwarfs ;
and for thefe laﬂ, tie all their Branches as clofe toge-
ther as you can conveniently, with Oﬂer Witbs, that
you may the more eaﬁly wrap them about with this
covering 7, and for the Wall-Trees , endeavour to
leave f0 many of the higher Branches as you can, on
the'ﬁdes, and to tie feveral of them together to poles
or forked {licks that are to ferve them for Props, and
by that means , you cover them with more cafe],

an

: rump.

286 The Complete Gardner; Vol. II.

and lefs charge. Leave on them that covering till}
,the full Mom of March be path at Which time, onlyu
'take off part of it, till the full Moon of April be like»
wile pal’t. The Fmﬂr ofthefe two laf’t Months being?-
dangerous to the young Fruit which then begins to‘:
put forth it iélf, as the Winter Froﬂ: are to the Wood ;
which they make to turn all into Pitch.

The days being now very fhort, skilful Gard’ncrr
will therefore work by Candlelight till Supper time,
either in making of SrmwSa-cem and Coverings, or
preparing Tree: for planting, as foon as the Pity} per-
mits them, or in deiigning, Uc.

Put thofe Trees into the Earth in Farrow: which
you could not Plant, covering up the Root: as care-
fully as if we were Planting them in their deﬁgned
places, without leaving any hollow Chinks about their
Roars, becaufe orherwiie the great Froﬂ: wOuld fpoil
them.

You may begin at the latter end of the Month to
force fuch Aﬁmragm , as are at leaf’t three orfour'
years old, and this forcing is performed, either on
the cold Bed in the place where they grow, which is
the bell way , or elfe upon a Hot Bad , if on be
minded to remove them. But ordinarily we lay till
towards the beginning of the next Month, before we
make any Eifays of that kind, it being in my Opinion, '
long enough to haVe of them for four Months toge-s
ther by Artiﬁce, till Nature be ready to furnifh us
with more of them for two Months longer by her
own fo-le Virtue and Power, not but that we might -
begin to force them at the very beginning of Septem-
ber and Offabcr.

The way of forcing them is, to dig the Earth out
or a Path, to the depth of two Poor, and the breadth
of one full foor and a half, if originally the Park were
but three foot over becaufe there mul’t at l‘eaf’t ﬁx: i

or feven good Inches of Earth be left next the Ajparag '
£1”. .

    

it»;
51*“

; Vol. [L V. The Complete Gard’ner. 2 87

. W gu' ~ '
I! .-~ “‘21-... ,i ‘ _"--.

  

.,__, , ‘~ ,

grit-Tufts. The Path beingthus voided, we-ﬁll it up
Withgllong 110$ Dung, very Well ramm’d and trodden

' , downptill it be a full foot higher than the Superﬁcies of

the Cold'Bed, at the ﬁrll making, and after ﬁfteen days,
you mull ﬂit this Dung 0Ver again, mixing fome new
Dung, with it, the better to enable it to communicate
fufﬁcient heat to the two adjoyning Cold Beds, but if it
appear too much mortiﬁed, to that the Aﬁoarogw does
nor {boot up briskly enough, then this recruiting the
path-way with frelh Dung and ﬂirting, mull be

repeated afterwards as often as it {hall be neceﬂ‘ary,

which commonly happens to be once every ten or twelve
days. If there ﬁll any great Rains or Snow, that may
have too much rotted that Dung, f0 that it appears not
to retain a fuﬂicient heat, then muff it be quiet taken a-
way, and all new. put in its place; for in ﬁne, this Bed

;- mull always be kept extremely hot, as to the (‘on Bed,

in which the Plant: are, the Ground mul’t be digged up
and ﬂirted alittle in it, to the depth ofabout four or ﬁve
Inches, as foon‘ as the path-way is ﬁlled up, for it
cannot be done before, becaufe of bringing the Dung to
that, (which cannot be done without much trampling
on the Soil) which digging being ﬁnifhed, we cover the

. faid Cold Bed, with fome of the fame long Dung, to

the thicknefs of three or four Inches, and at the end
of ﬁfteen days, f0 much time at leal’t being neceffary

‘ to give a85ivity to thefe Aﬂmragw Tufts, that in this

Seafon are as "twere dead, or at leaﬁ benumbed with
the cold, we lift up the Dung to fee whether the Af—
parogm begin to {hoot out or no, and if they do, at
every place where they appear, we clap a G/af: Bali,
which we alfo take great care to cover clofe with
long Dung, and efpecially a-nights, to prevent
the Fro/l from penetrating in the leall to the
Aﬂamgm, which being fo extremely tender and
delicate as ’tis, would be abfolutely fpoiled by the

leaﬂ breath of Cold. elf in the day time, the Sun

thine

 

'1?

1 88 The Complete gard’ner. ’ Vol. ll.a
{hine out a little bright, we molt not failto take ofFi'é‘he ,.
Dung from the Bells, that the Afpamgwmay beviﬁted
by thofe kind Beams that animate all things, anchief'be:
ﬁdes thofe Bells, we had likewife GlrﬂEmmei-ito clap
over them, and fo doubly to cover ,whole Bed: of Plants,
that would be {till more commodious and more advan-
tageous for bringing to elleEl this little Mylar-piece of;
our Art. By thefe helps, the Afpm'agw fpringing out of
the warm Earth, and meeting with a warm Air under
thofe Bells, grow red and green, and of the fame
thickneis and length as thofe ofthe Months of April and
May, nay, and prove a great deal better too ibecaufe
they have not only been unattack’d by the injuries of
the Air, but have attained their perfeéiion in muchlefs
time than the others, and I can without vanity afﬁrm, \
that Iwas the ﬁrﬂ that by the inducement of fome
very plauﬁble Reafons, devifed this expedient,

I add here, that a Bed of Aﬁmrzzgus deittroully for-

ced and well maintained , produces abundantly for a
fornight or three Weeks, and that becaufe the King
lhould not want dming the whole Winter, this
new Diih as foon as the ﬁrﬁ Bed: begin to fhrnifh us,
I begin to force as many new ones, and fo continue
the fame courfe eVery three Weeks, till the end of
April, when Nature advertifes me, that ’tis time to
put an End to thofe Violencesl have done Her, and
that {he is then willing in her Turn, to 'ferve us with
fome Difhes prepared by her own skill. - '

You may likewife remove old Aﬁaragm Plant: out
of Cold Beds into Hot onmit being true that they fpring
there, but they never prove f0 fair as the others, and
are attended beﬁdes with this inconvenience, that they
die there in a very {hort time.

We force Sorrel and Wild E ”dive, or Succary, Mam
(Ionian Par/[y or Ali/antlers, arc. in the fame manner
as we do Aﬁaragw, but molt commonly it is done

. rather

'.V01- 11, The Complete Gard’neri 989

' rather upon Hoe Bede, than on the naked Earth, and
the Succels is very fpeedy and infallible, and particu-
larly in procuring in one ﬁfteen days time, Sorrel that
is as fair as that of the Month of May.

We [hould have ﬁnilhed our lall manuring of dry
Ground: the ﬁfteenth day of this Month, as well to
render them impenetrable to the Rainand Snowwaters,
as to dellroy the PVeedr, and to make our Garden:
appear lomething neat and handfome. '

To have Rah/be} betimes, that is. towards Cbriﬂmei,
or Canalemar,w_e {ow them in Hot Bed: about the middle
of November, I haVe already laid down diret‘lions for
the making of Hoe Bedl, in the works of February:
That which is particularly to be obﬁrved for Radi/her,
is that we mull beat down with aboard, the Superﬁciu
of the Mold, to render it a little folid, and to preVent it
from rowling into the Holes that are ‘to be made to
Sow the Radt'jhe: in, after which, that the Bed may be
handfomely Sown, We take a Cord rubbed with Pia/fer,
or Chalk, or Other white matter, and holding it well
ﬁretched out between two of us, We mark out with it
as many white Lines, at three or four Inches diﬂance
one trom another, both throughout the whole length
and breadth of the Bed, as its entent will permit, and
then with a round Wooden planting ﬂick of a lull lnch
thick, we make holes all along every Line at the like
dillance of three or four Inches one from another, and

i We put only three Rodi/la Seeds into every Hole, and if
we chance to let fall any more, we pull upall the 1(a- ‘
dzﬂaet that come up above the number of three. They
which obferve not to mark out fuch Lines, but make
their Holes by random-ﬁght only, have their Bed; not
{0 hanfome, and they which make their Holes nearer,
and which leaVe more than three Radzﬂm in a Hole,
run the hazard of having Rudy/bu with a great many

Lewes and but little Roar, There are many Market
Gardner:

290 The Complete Gard’ner. Vol. II.

Gard” 15ers whofe praé‘tice it is, to low Lines or Rows
of Lettuce: in February and March, a-crofs their Bed:
of RUJIGJEJ, but then the Holes mull be made at the
diﬂance of {Even or eight Inches ; and the Lettuce:
thus {own in Liner, will be gathered and (pest before
the Radiﬂm are ﬁt to gather.

If it freezes very hard we cover the Hot Beds, with
long Litter, for ﬁve or ﬁx days ; belides which, for
its further defence againll the rigours of the ”first”,
we cover them with Straw'Screem, or Coverings,
fupported upon Traverfe Frame: or Cradle: centpofed of
Stakes, or other Poles of Wood, placed very near
the Superﬁciet of the Mold, and We (lop the (ides clole
up, and if the Proﬂ increafe notably, we put a new
Load of long Dung over thofe Straw-Scream; but if
it be but moderate, there will need no other coverin ,
the heat of the Bed being fufhcient to defend the Plant: ;
Radzjke: thus {Own come up in ﬁve or ﬁx days, and if
the Holes had not fome Air, they would be fmoothed
and grow dwindling in piercing through the {mall
Straw.

We mull not fail at the beginning of this Month,
to take up in Turf, the Cellar} which we had planted
at a realbnable diﬂance, in the Months of yumand
91417, in particular Cold Beds; and when we have taken
it up, to carry it into the Conﬁr'uator}, or eye to re-
plant it in fome other Cold Bed, placing its Plant:

Very clot’e together, that they may the more eaﬁly be
covered.

:ch’Qi/EW

Vol. IL The Complete Gard’ner; 29 I

Proozfon: and Produc‘ls of November.

E have Hill in the beginning of the Month;
{ome Figs, and fame latter Tallow Pavia.

Writer Thorn Pears, Berganim, Marcbionejjer, Meﬂire
30km, Craﬁm, Pemoim, fome Virgaulee Pun, Ambrets,
Leﬁbaﬂér‘iu, Amado”, 8m.

Articboalg. ‘

Abundance of Autumn! Cairn“! Apples, and ﬂame
white, Calvilt. _ .

. The Fennelm or Fennel Apple}, and Caurpenda’:, 0:
[lion flalk’d Apple: begin aifo to ripen. .

We have Spinage, Endive and Sutcarj, Cellar}, Lee-
tucu, Salim, and Po: Herbs, and Cabbage:, of all forts,
and 1m“ and Pumpiom. ,

For Flower: we have alrnoll the lathe as in the
foregoing Month, as alto fame beginnings of Thin/ft
ﬁmfer nirem, or ever green Tblafpis'.

Haw tojnz/ge certainly 5] “viewing and viﬁtz‘ng
a Kitchen-Garden, whether there be any
thing wanting in it, which it ﬂonld it:
ﬂock’d with in November.

HE htll White Prof}; of November that make

the Leaves of Tree: grow Yellow, and locfen

them From the places where they grain, that lhti‘vel
up and rot the Leaves of Endiee, and of the larger
Lettuccx, and that Blackenthe Artichoke Tops, 85:9
9% us warning of the approach of {Vinter that mer-
cilefs Enemy of all Vegetation: and therefore We
mull take care early to fecure in our Cohﬁrizatoq or
Store hours, all that is liable to be fpoiled by the Cold
Without—ducts, and beﬁdes; to cover withlon‘g dry
X 2. Dung,

t

:9 2 772: Complete Gard'ner. Vol. II.

Dung, that which we cannot conveniently take out
of the Ground, and which yet will run great hazard of
perilhing without being fheltered with form Covering,
and {o in this kind ofhally breaking up, and remov-
ing, I would have Her, body eXtraordinary buﬁe in
plying their duty, and [would adrift: our Gard‘mr
to increafethe number of his Labourers, to prevent
the damage he is threat’ned with. The prickle Bask-
ets, and Hand barrows {hould at this time be plyed.
withthe greatclt vigoUr and dilligence, loaden with
fuchthings as are to he houfed in the ﬂore-houle or
Con/Erratum and the other ﬁlled with Dung, to cover
that which is to be left upon the Ground. In aword,l
cannot tell how to pardon thofe that either by impru-
dence or negligence, let themfclves be furpriZed in
fuch important occaﬁons as this, for I would not have
them indulge themfelves any reil: at all, till all their
bulinefs be done ', I would likewifc have the (lore houfe
or Conﬁrmror) Well ﬁlled, and all things in it placed in
a regular order. And I would have the whole Gar-
den put on as ’twere another new kind of cloathing,

which mull be generally of long Dung.

 

Works to [Fe done in December.

S {oon as December is come it is no longer time

to daily. For now the Earth in Garden: is quite

itript of all its ul’ual Ornaments, and the Pro]! that
feldom fails to ﬁgnalize it {Elf this Month without
refpeaing the quality of their Ma-liers, fpares no bo-
dies Gardens, but unmercit’ully deﬂroys all it meets
with of a nature too delicate to endure its rigour,
and therefore it concerns us now to make an end 0t
houﬁng anal 9f sowing what we 99?“ "9* houfe or
cover,

Vol. II The Complete Gard’ner. 29;

Cover in the Month of Naaember, viz. Endive, Car-
dam, Caller], Arricbokegﬂ'mu, Collrﬂamerr, Charcheetrg
Lee/q, Paglia”, 6m. And above all things, we mull:
be careful to prelerve thofe Nave/tie: which we may
have begun to advance by Art, as Pear, Beans, Cab-
bage, Lettuce, and little Selle“, to avoid the difpleafure
otfeeing perilh in one bitter Night, what we have
been labouring two or three Months to advance.

We may likewife hill at the beginning of the
Month, continue to few fome early Pea: upon fome
Banks made of Earth railid in double ﬂopes along by
fame Wall placed in a good Expoﬁtion, and elprcially
that towards the South.

We tranfport our rotten Dung to thofé places we
delign to muck and fpread them abroad there, that
the Rain and Snow mater: may the better penetrate
them, and carry their Salt a little below the Sw-
perﬁcie: of the Earth where our Seeds are to be
loWn. ‘

One of the mall principal Works of this Month,
is, at the beginning of it, to make a Hot Bed of long
new Dung of the ordinary breadth of four Foot, and
height of three, and as foon as its great heat is l'pent,
we mull {ow upon ir, under Glaﬁ Bells, fome good
bright Curled Lettuce, and as (can as his grown a 1i:—
tle big, which ufually happens in a Month’s time, we
mull take up the fairell, and plant it in a Nmﬁ'r] up-
on another Hat Bed, and under other Bell:, to the
number of twenty, or twenty ﬁve under way Bell,
and when they are grown reafonably big there too:
we muﬂ take up the biggeﬂ with a little Bart/2 about
them to replant them, to the number of ﬁve or fix
under each Bell, to remain there till they be quite Cab-
bage, which ufually happens towards the latter end
at March, and we take care to fence them well from
the Cold, as Well with Coverings of Litter, as by new
heating their 3‘4" We

X z

194. The Complete ‘Gard’ner. Vol. II ‘

_ We praélil'e the fame method in rowing thelELet-
tuce: in the Month of 34111147}, and in replanting in
February, that we may have fome ready betimcs,‘ that
is, toward; the end of Marc/2, and to continue {0 de-
ing till the Earth produces us fome of her felf,’ without
the help of Ho: Dung. At this time they that eat-
ploy themleIVCs in rearing Novelties, {pend the mall:
part of each day in covering them hr"night,and u'nco—f
vering them in the‘morning, or elfeall cames to no;
thing. ’ '

When in the Winter time, we are railing and fort:-
ing of Lettuce upon Ha: Beds, and under Bellr, we mull:
be careful often to lift up the Bells, to takeaway the
'dead'Leaves, there being' a great manythat rot angl
perilh,’ and one rotten Leaf rots othere. The inﬁde
of the Bell: mull all'o be‘cleanl‘ed From the'ﬁlth and
maillure that gather therein abundance, and when
there comes a Fair Sun [hiny day, we rnull no: fail to
lift up the Bells, that the moil’ture may be dried up
that ﬂicks abou: the Leaves. ' Bur the chelfeil thing to
be bblErved ahOVe all, 'is to keep the Bed: moderately
. hot, by recruiting and new heating, end fermenting

them from time‘to time; ’ ’

Previﬁom' and Brae/1:27; of December.

. Y the allill'ance of our Store-bouﬁ and Corgerrary,
we hatre all the fame things that we already
mentioned in the Menth ofNoe-emlzer. ' ‘
We may alfo n‘ow begih to haw: Ome forced Ajjm-
mgu}; ‘And, " ‘ '
' Some very green and tall Sorrel, in ﬁnite of the
hardell Fro/Is. ' ' ' ' ’ ‘ ' “ '
' sz'mge.
‘M’E‘mer Cabling”, as well of the 1mg!” and long/Med
fortJ which are the moll delicate, as lit thegreen fort,
" ’ ' - " ' ‘ Abundance

i. Vol. II. Tbe Complete Gard’ner. ‘- 2 95

Abundance of Virgoulee Penn, Thom Pears, Ambren,
St. Germain, Dr) Mertim, Portal Pears, 8CC. As alfo.
Oi. Apt" Applet, Pippim, Courpcna’u’n Fennel/er: or
Fennel Apples, and fame Calm]: to {l ill €50.
As to Flower: we haVe ﬂoreof Lawrel, Time, Flow»
m, and We have iome Ammonia: and Ciclamem.

How to judge certainly 5} viewing and viﬁting‘
a Kitchen Garden, whet/Jew- were Z245" any

thing wanting in it, which it fer/«5c? {Se/feted
with in the Mont/2s of September and {3153013322

. HE Month of December, is llill not Without

[landing in need of a great deal of aﬁivity, for
it otten happens that the preceding Month proves too
ihort to let us ﬁniih all that {hould be done in it,
whith muﬂ therefore be made an end of in this, and
that particularly if the Cold have not yet made all the
havock it is capable of : We mull then mind exaélly
to do all Ihavedireé’ted to be done under the head of
the Works of this Month : to prepare the Novelties
of the following Spring ; to clear the places of old Hot
Bedt, and to make preparation for the making of new
ones with all imaginable expedition, and care taken,
not only to have a good proviﬁon of long Dung, and
a great many qu/i-Bellx, but likewife tokeep all the.
Gt'qls-Frqme: in good repair, €56. And here I [hall not
forget to recommend to thofe curious perfons who are
bleiied with the means to do it, to take care to force
Afparagus, and to recruit their Bed: with new warmth
as often as their great heat (hail begin to ﬂag. his
a work indeed of no conﬁderable pains and expence,
but the pleaiitrc to fee growing, in the midii oithe fe—
vereﬂ Fro/i and, Snow, abundance of Afparag , both
thick, green, and every way moﬁ excellent, is great
enough to take us off from grudging at on: coil or
trouble, V X 4. C H A P.

296 The Complete Gard’n’er. Vol. II. p

’ CHAP. V.

What/art of Ground isprolber to each Legume
, and Kitchen Plant.

Here are certain forts of Grounds, which

want none of the good Qualities required to
make them produce in every Sealon, and for a long;
time together, all forts of fair and good Legume:
ﬁrppoﬁng always, that they be reafonably well cultie‘
vated : And there are ﬁme that bcﬁdes that; have the.
faculty to produce them more early than others, and
they are fuch Grounds as they commonly call Black
Sands, in which is faund an equal temper between
dry and mail}, accompanied with a good expofttion,
and with an inexhauﬂible Salt of fertility rendring
them eafte to be entred by the Spade, and penetrated
by the Rainvwaters: But on the other hand , it is
rare enough to ﬁnd any of thefe perfeét forts of Earrr’: 5
and that on the contrary, it is very ufual to utter with
thofe that offend either in being too dry, light, and
patching, or over-moil’r,‘heavy and cold, or else by
being ill ﬁtuated, as being fome of them too high, fome
too floping, and fame of them too low. and too much in
1 Bottom. Or more efpecially exceﬂive moillure, and
great drought are both pernicious, "became this 1:10,
beﬁdes that it is always attended with a chilling Cold
that retards its produﬁions, is likewife apt” to ror the
greateﬂ part of the Planer, and COHltqllt’nlly, it is
Very difﬁcult to corret‘}, and almoll impol’ﬁble entire-‘
ly to furmount fo great a defeét"; but it is not altoge-
ther fo‘ diﬂicult to’ qualiﬁe‘ adry temper, for provio
tied it be not exrreme great, and that We have the
convenience of Water to water it, and of Dung to
amend and enrich it, we are Mailers 'of'two Sove-

Vol. II. The Complete Gard’ner; ‘ 297

reign and infallible Remedies, which we mull: apply
for its cure. And {0 by care and pains We may get
the Conqueﬂ OVer thofe dry and ﬁubborn Lands, and
force them to bring forth in abundance all things we
{hall regularly demand of them.

It follows thence, that when we are {0 happy as to
meet with thofe choice good forts of Ground, we may
indifferently both low and plant every where in them,
any forts of Legumes or Plants whatﬁrever, with an
aﬂured Conﬁdence, that they will profper. The one
ly Subjeétion we are obliged to in fuch Grounds is,

ﬁrﬁ, to weed much, becaufe they produce abundance ,

of Med: among the good Herbs; and Econdly, to be
often removing our Legumes and changing their
places, which is an effential point of Praéiice in all
forts of Gardens, it being not at all convenient to
place for two or three times together, the ﬂame Ve-
getables in the, fame piece of Ground, becaufe the
Nature of the Earth requires thefe forts of Changes,
as being as 'mere allured in this Diverﬁty, to ﬁnd
wherewithal to recruit and perpetuate its ﬁrﬂ vigour
And though in thofe good Grounds all things profper
admirably well, yet is it a moli undoubted Truth, that
Soutbem and Ea/lem Expoﬁtions are here as well as
'every where clﬁi, more proper than thofe of the W112
and North, to forward, and improve its produéiions;
witnels Strawberries, Haﬂing Peas; Cherries and Muf-
eat-Grapes, 65c. To balance Which, theft: lali EXPO-
ﬁtions have likewife fame peculiar advantages, that
make them to be elleemed in their turn; for Exam-
ple during the excefﬁve Heats of Summer, that often
fcorch tip every thing, and malce our Legumes and o-
ther Plum run up too haﬂily to Seed, they are exempt
from thofe violent impreﬂions, which th “Sun makes
upon thoﬁ: places that are fully expofed 's burning
Rays, and conftquently our Plants will maintain them-
{elves longer in good plight‘in' thofe ﬁtuations than in
the others. ‘ It

998 ‘17» Complete Gard’ner. Vol. II.

It alfo follows from hence, that if any Perfon have
Ground, though tolerably good, yet not 0F an rqual
goodnefs all over, either caui‘ed by the difference of
its natural temper, or ﬁtuation, and ﬂoping inclination
Upwatds or downwards, that then 1 fay, the skill and
Induﬂry of the Gurd'mr lhews it (elf, by knowing how
to allot every Plant the place in which it may bell:
come to maturity in every Seafnn, as well in regard
of Forwardnet’s, and fometimesot Backwardnefs, as
of its outward Beauty, and inward perfeé’tion.

Generally (peaking, thofe Ground: that are mode.
rarely dry, light, and fandy, and inch as though
they bea little llmng and heavy, ﬁtuatcd on a gentle
tiling towards the South or Wrﬂ, and are backed by
great Mountains, or fenced by high Walls againll the
Cold Winds are more dilpofed to produce the NC-
Velties of the Sprig, than the ﬂrong, heavy, fat and
moill Sands: but likewife on the other Hand, in 5mm
mm, When there falls but little Rain, thefe lal‘. pro-
duce thicker and better nomifht Legumes, and require
not fuch large and frequent Waterings, (0 that we
may ﬁnd fume fort of Satisfaction in all forts of
Grouudr.

However though abfolutely {peaking all things
that may enter into a Kitchen-Garden, may grow in
all forts of Ground: that are not altogether Barren; yet
it has been obferved in all times, that all forth of
EWIIJ agree not equally with all forts of Plant: 5 Our
able Mar/{13: Gardner: jul‘tiﬁe the truth or this by a
mall: convincing Experience; for we fee that fuch of
them whtf: Garden: arein Sandy Grounds, {eldom
mindto plant in them any Artie/Joker, Cally-ﬂamers, Beet-
Cbardt, Oaiam, Cardout, Cal/er}, Beet raver, or Red
Beet-Ram, and other Roots, &c. as male do
that battle theirs in Rtonger and more hearty Lands,
and on the contrary, thefe lal’t employ not their

Ground

‘. V01. ll. The Complete Gard’ner. 299

Ground in Sam], Put/Iain, Lettuce, Endive, other fmall
Plants that are delicate and :uhjeét to perifh with Mil-
dew, and the Wet rot, as dothofe whofe Gardens are in
lighter Lands. ‘

' From what has been (aid, there reﬂalt two things ;
the Brit is, that an able Gard’ner which has a pretty
dry and hilly Ground to cultivme with an Obligation to
haveof all forts of things in hisGardm, fhould place
in the moilleft parts thofe Plants that require a little
moiﬂurc to bring them to perfeaitm, as Artie-baker,
Red Beet—Roots, Scorzonerais, Sal/iﬁer, Carrots, Parﬁzipr,
Skirrets, Beet-Cbardr, Co/Ii- ﬂower: and Cabbage:, Spinage,
Common Pear, Beam, Curram, Gaaﬁbcrrier, Rafpberrier,
Onions, Cibouler, Leekt, Per/[7, Sorrel, Radiﬂacr, Pati—
enee or Dock Sorrel, Sweet Hal», Borage, Buglcﬂ, 6C6.
’And {uppoling the Proviﬁon above lpeciﬁed, be al-
ready planted in its other parts he {hottld ﬁll up the
dryer pans of the fame Garden with Lettuce: of alll
Seaﬁns, Endive, Succory, C/Jervil, Tarragon, Brﬁl, Bur‘
mt, Mint, and other Sallet Furniture-s, and Par/Iain,
Carlick, Shallots, Winter Calbiger, FL: Bed: of all lorts
bl Plantr, and of little Sal/m3 and he mull place his
Legumerthere at moderate dillances, becaufe they grow
in: Of {0 large a Size and Stature there, as in latter
places. And lallly, he mull keep his Walks and
Path ways higher than his drellt-d Grounds, as well to
draw into thet‘e latter the Rain»watersthat would be
tmuleful 2nd incommodious in the VValks,:rs to render
the artiﬁcial watcrings he lhall be obliged to ufé, of the
greater advantage to them, by preventing them From
running out any where aﬁde, which mull: be one of
his p:incipal Applications, . .
' He mull allo chufe out in the fame Ground: thofe
Parts which come the nearcﬂ to the good temper be—
tWCen dry and’ moill, lor the railing of Aﬁmragu:
Strawberriu, Caream, Cal/err, «Sec. becaufe thefe forts
of Plants languilh with drOWIh in places too dry, and
' ' ' ‘ -' perill)

300 The Complete Gard'ner, Vol. IL

periih with Rottcnncfs in parts-.over-moiﬁ. He mull
place in the Border under his Northern Walls his Alle-
luia’t, Latter Strawberries, and Bourdelait, or _ Ver/uice
Grape: and in the Counter- Borders of the ﬂute Nar-
:bern Quarter, he any make his Nader; Bad: for
Strawberries, and few Chewil'nll the Summer long, the
North ﬁde in all forts of Ground:, being moﬁ proper
for thoﬁa purpofes. And as this Gard'ner ibould be
curious of Novelties, he ought to look upon the Bank:
under the Wall: towards the South and Ba]? to be a
marvellous and favaurabte lhelter for the railing them;
as for Example, for the procuring of Strawberriu and
early Pea: at the beginning of M4}, lem at the en-
trance of March, and Cabbage Lettuce: at the beginning
of April. He ihould likewile plant in the dreﬂid
Banks next to the fame Eaﬂem and PV: em Walls,
his Nurfery of Cabbaget, and few there his Writer Let.
rum, that is, Sbeﬂ-Lctmcet, to rennin there all Azt-
rumnand Winter, till in the Spring it be time to tmnt-
plant them, into the places Where they are to com: to
perfeétion '. He {hould likewie plantin the Borders of
the fame Walls, his quﬁ-pbierrc, or Sampt're, which he
can hardly have by any other means, which courie is
to be followed in all Cuts of Gdi'déﬂl :, and in the Win-
rer time he {hould liltewile obierve this particular
gantion,to throw all the Snow «if from the neighbour-
ing places upon the dreﬂld Borders of thofe ”all treat,
and efpecially thofe of the Edﬂem Quarter, both for
the ereé’ting a Magqirte, as ’twere of Moiilute in fuch .
place: upon which the Rain hut (eldom falls, as upon
thofe in which the violent heat of Summer is like to be
of perniciows inﬂuence. > '
The iccond' thing is, That, the Gard’mr whof‘e
Garden is ina very fat and moiﬂ Ground, mull taken
quite contrary method with all his Plant: to that juit
now above mentioned ; always aiTuring himfelf that

thofe parts of it which are very moi}I unlefs he
can

VOL“. The Complete Gard’nerQ go;

can ﬁnd means, to drain and render themli‘ghter, will
be of no Other ufe to him than to produce noxious
Weeds, and'conftquently, that thofe which partake the
leall or that intemperature, whether by their own Na-
ture and Situation, or by the care and induliry of the
ingenious Gard’mr, are always to be lookt upon as the
beli for all forts of things. He mull place in the dricli:
parts molt of thofe Plant: that keep in their places (on,
leveral years together, excepting Carma, Gaofebem'u,’
and R‘s-ﬁlmy Builles -, as for Example, Afparagut, Arti-
chokes, Strawberries, Mid Endive and Succor}, tScc. la
other places, let him put thole things which in Sum-g
mer reqtiire the leal’t time to come to perfeﬂion, wig;
Salim, Pea, Beam, Radiﬂm, nay and Cbﬂ'JURJ, Cellar],
ﬁre. and becaufe all things grow thick and tall in there
.fat and mail} places, therefore he mufi plant his IQ:-
cben~planu there at greater diilance one lrom the other,
than in drier places ; he mull alfo keep his Beds and
dreﬂid Ground: railed higher, than his Walks and Path-
ways to help to drain out of his Ground: the PVa‘ter that is
{o hurtful to his Plant:, and for that Reat’on, his Bed: of
Afpdragu:,eﬁ:ecially as likewife his Stramberrj and C diet)
Bab, (Sec. no more than thofe of his Sal/m mull: not be
made Hollow, as more mull be, that are made in drier

Groundt.
lhave had good Succefs where the Ground is fat,
vifcous, and as ’twere Clayie, by railing in the midll:
ofir, certain large Squares where the trthent Rain
Waters in the Summer, of the Year 1682.. remained
without penetrating above (even or eight lnches deep,
and by having given to the {aid Squares by the means
of that elevation, at ﬂaping defcent on each'lide, all
along the bottom of which 1- made at the Fame time
time little Dykes or water-courfes about a foot deep
as Well to (Eparate the Squares from the Counter-
botders as particularly to receive the miichievous Wad
tets which by (laying on the Squares, otherwiﬁe would
ruin

'l
A!
i

302 TbeCamplete Gard’ner; Vol. II,

J!
A

ruin all the Plum: in them, which Waters afterwairds ,

difcharged themfclves into {lone Gutters, which [had
purpofcly ordered to be made to Carry them of}: I afr-
terwards railed mall of the Countcrborders in the lame
manner, Arch-wife, that what water might remain in
them, might {boat off into the ﬁdes of the Walks, all
along which there were Other little Dittes almoll un -
perceivable, to receive thole Waters and ConVey them
into the fame llone Gotters ; and lean truely affirm,
that belore l uletl thi: precaution, all that lhad in
thol‘c Squares. to perilh the Flam: with the Rot, and
the Tree: with the Faundiceg belides which milchiels‘,
the Winds ealily threw up my Tree: by the Roots; be-
caule they could hardly take any fal’t hold in that kind
of Ground that was grown liquid and fth like new

made Mortar. or Pap.

CHAP. Vl.

PV/Jaz‘forz‘ ofCulEurc 2'5 moﬂ properfor ever]
particular Plant.

T is a very Conliderable AdVance to haVe {ettltd a

Garden upon a good foot at ﬁtlt, and to l'HVC witeiy
employed, or at leaf} aﬂigned out all its parts accord;
ing to the dil’ferent (lutlihcatimsol its Gmund, the
gnoclners of its Expulizions, the order ot‘the Month,
and the mute ot‘each Elam: But that is not all, we
mull carefully cultiVate them, in l'uch a mtnner as
they ptculitrly 'equlre.

For there is a general Culture of Kitchen Garden},
and there is a particular Culture peculiar to each
Plant. As to the general Culture it is Well enough
knOWn, that the mall necelltry and importmt points
of it conlil’ts ﬁrll, in well mending and mucking the‘
Eartb, whether it be naturally good or not, he-
caule Ithéen-Plants exhaull it much 3 fecandly, in‘
keeping it always bolt: and ﬂirted, eizhe‘r by digg-
ing up whole Bedr, to Sow or tranfplant in

them, 33c. at ﬁtch other places where the Spade
may.

Vol. II. The Complete Gard’ner.‘ 30 3

may beemploy’d, as for Example among Artichoku,
Cardom, ﬁre. or by pecking and grubbing up where
the clol‘enefs of the Plant: to one another will permit:
us to ulé onlygrubbing lnﬂruments, as for Example,
among Strawbemer, Lettucer, Endive, Pear, Beam,
Cellar}, (Ste. Thirdly in watering plentifully allfortsof
Plant: in Very Hot Weather, and efpecially in fandy
Ground:, for thofe that are ﬂrong and rank require
not (0 much, always obferving that in both forts of
Ground, watering is not (0 necdﬁry for Aﬁaragm, nor
for Borders or edgings of Tune, Sage, Lavender, Hjﬂép,
Rue, Wormwood, &c. which need but little moitlure
to keep them in good plight. Fourthly, it conﬁﬂs in
keeping the Supetﬁeies of our Ground clear of all ﬁrts
0? Weeds, either by Weeding, or digging, or by
only raking them over, when they have not been
long drefied, fo that as far as ’tis poliible, the Earth
may always appear as if it had been newly [lined up.
Ilhall not inﬁll any longer here uepn the Head of
the General Culture, becaufe it isfo well knottm to all
People, but {hall only declare my Opinion and the
praé’tice of able Gmd‘mr: in that which is peculiarly to
be uﬁed to each particular Plant.
l “hall begin with oblerving to you, that among
Kucbm Planrr, there are route that are Sown to re-
main llill in the place where they were ﬁrlt, and o-
thers again, only to be tranfplanted elfevrhere; that:
there are fonts that prove Well both wsys ; fame
that are multiplied without Seed, fame that are
tranfplanted whole, and ﬁnne that are cut to be
rranfplanted, there are fume which bear fchral times
inayear, and that laft longer than a year; others
that produce but once in a year, but yet laﬂ: to beat
for feveral years after; and Lallly fome again, that
perth after their ﬁrll produﬁion.
The Plants of the Full Claﬁ, are Raﬁ/her, almoﬂ
all lied L’eetdwm, Carton, Parfm'pr, Skirrctr, Turnip,
' Mﬁcber

304. 17% Complete Gard’ner. Vol. II.

Mic/Jet, Reponm, Seorgonera’n Sal/iﬁu, and beﬁdes them,
Garlick, Cbervil, W’s/d Endive, or Sacco", Ham-Ham
Sal/ct, Garden-Creﬁe, Salim, Spinage, Bern, fmail
Lettuce to, cut, Par/7y, Bartlet, Cutting Bette, Pear,
Par/Iain, See. and the greateﬂ part of our Sorrel, Pan?
em: or Sharp-Leav’d Dock, Oniane, and Cibauleet.

The Plant: of the fecond Claﬁ which fucceed not
without being tranfpianted, are Chard Butt, Cellar},
and the greateﬂ part of our White Endive, both long
and tied, and Cabbagét, unlefs they be foWn very thin,
or be very much thinn’d after they are fown :, of this;
Claji are aiio C ablaaget, moﬂ Mus/t melom, and Cucum-
bert, Citrull: or Pumﬁiom, Potirrm or ﬂat Pumpiam,
Lee/g, SCC.

Thufe of the third Claj} that is, {uCh as maybe in-
diiTcrently either continued in the pieces where they
are ﬁrﬂ ibwn, or trahfpianred ciliauihere, are Aﬁaraé
gas, though moi} commanly they are ibwn at ﬁrii
in Nurﬁum, to be tranlpianted a year or two after;
as alfo Ba/il, Fennel, Amfe, Borage, Bug/aﬁ, Cardam,
Capacin Caper: or Naﬂurcet, Cebou/eer, Savor}, Time,
Mmked Cberm'l, 8cc.

The Plant: of the fourth Claﬁ that are muiriplied
without being fown, are Alleluia, or Wbod sorrel,
Engliih Gives, Viola”, Etc. Beetufe they grow into
thick Tufts which are i'eparated into nimy; Arti-
choke: are propagated by their Eyes, Ojfffeu, or Slip: ‘,
Mint, and [{mnd Sorrel, Tripe Madame, Tarragon,
Balm, 89:. by their Layer: or Brancbesthat take Rod:
where they touch the Earth, the tw'oiaii of which
are multiplyed by Seed, as iikcwite are the Arti-
choke: fometimes; Strawbe‘rrie: propagate by their
Runners, [{sz berries, Goo/Eberriet, and Currant, by
their Slips, or Suckers, and by their Cuttingslwhrch
aitb take root.- Lavender, Mrm‘wood, Sage, Time, and
Marjoram, by their Brancbe: which take Iﬂtat at lh€lr
joints, and are aifq multiplied by their 866:3

. t s

 

ﬁver; n;

 

, The Complete gard’ner: . go;
the common; Boys, both by \Layers and Seed too;
Wire: and.Frg~Treer, by their Suckers, Hooked Slz'pe,

'and-(Euttings, whether Rooted or not Rooted.

In the ﬁfth place, thofe Plants of which we cut oil“ I
fome part either of the Leaves or Roots, or both at the

‘ fame time, in order to tranfplant them, are Artiebo/cet,

Chord Beets, Leeks, College? c. And thofe others
Whofe Leave: we do nor cut tall, though it be good
always to Trim their Roots a little to refrefh them,
are Endive, and Sueeo/y, mol’r commonly, and Savoy,
Sorrel, Sic. and. all Lettucer, Alleluia or Woo-:1 Sorrel,

 

‘ Violets, Boﬁl, ,lirrocb or Oroge, Boroge, Bugqur, C‘opmin

‘lCoper: or ,Noﬂarcee, Cabbogee, Ill)")’llg0/2, Sempbire,

QStrawberrier, Mar/pram, Mask-Melons, Czeeurrzbere, Cia
Steals, or Pampiom, Pier/loin, and Rodiﬂoes for Seed, fie.
The Player: that bring forth feveral times in a year,
gand- yet 'laﬂ for fome years following, are Sorrel, Po.
?Iieme or Sharprock, Alleluia or “Cod Sorrel, Burner,
ECbervil, Porﬂy, Felmel, all Edging, or Sweet Herbs,
SWz'ld Endive or Soeeory, Moeedom'orz Per/[y or Alﬁe-a-
idere,MiIzt, Tarragon, Sempbire, 81c.

Thole that produce but once in the year, but yet
ﬂail bearing fer feveral years together afterwards, 'are’
:Ajjrorogur, and Artichokes. '

And laﬂly’, thofe that ceafe to be ufeful after their
iﬁrﬁ- produéfion 'are all Letroeee, Common Erzdz'oe,
lPeos, Beam, Cordon, Melons, Leta/where, Gretel; or
lemzpiom, Onions, Leeks, Celleey, Arrecb or Oroge,
rand all Plant: whofe Root: are only in ufe, as Red Beets,
Terrors, SIC. ~

Now to‘ give you a particular account ofthe Czo’eore’
{that belongs to every feveral forts of Plant, 1 mull:
tell you, that this Culture conﬁf’rs, ﬁrl’r, in obferving
[the diPtances‘ they are to be placed at one from the
nether; fecond, in the Trimming offuch as need it, thll‘d,
in planting them in that ﬁtuarion, and difpoﬁrion which
{they require; forth, in giving themrhoie afﬁﬁgmeee
' Y Vb“?

306, The Complete Gard’ne‘r; Vol. II. V

which fome of them have need of to bring them to -

perfeétion, or which are convenient for them, whe‘.

. ther it be by tyling up, or. wrapping about, or Earth-
ing up, or otherwife covering them, 67’ . .

 

CHAP. VII

Shearing. how long every KitchensPlant may pro-
ﬁtahl} [land in it: place in a Kitchen Garden;
which of them nut/l he houfed in the Confer-
rwttory to [ugly as in the Winter, and which
are they whit we may force to grow h] Art, in
ﬂight of the Fro/I. And la/Ily, how long each
fort of Seed will l‘ﬂ without loﬁng it: Venue.

’T is a very important point in Gard’n'ing, to know
how long every Plant may ufefully poITefstheplace
where it grows in our Gardens, that fo the forecaﬁ of
an able Gard’ner may prepare others immediately to
fubﬁitute in the places offuch, as being as ’twere but-
Paﬂ‘engers, take up their places but a few Months -, for
by this means, not only there remains no unproﬁtable
ipot of Ground in our Gardens, but we feem beﬁdes to
reap a ienﬁble pleafure, by enjoying in fome Senfe be-
fore hand fome things that are not yet in Nature.

T o treat of this matter well, » 1 think it very pertiJ
ncnt to lpeak ﬁrﬁ of thofe Plants that are of long. du-
ration, whether in refpeéi: of the time they take-up in
attaining to their Perfeél'ion, or of that in which they
continue bearing. Affamgm, doubtlefs, hold the
tirll Rank in this number, and as to Afpnragne, reek.
oning from the time we ﬁrli fow or tranfplant them,
we ought hardly ever to begin to gather them
till their lhoots be of a competent thicknefs,

which

   
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  

£35.11. The Complete Gardner. 30 7
- - __ g ch happens ‘nottill the third. or fourth year after
." .' after that tune, rovided they be placed if;
j 3 . Ground, and care ully cultivated, they may very'
W .L .be fuffered to [land ten or twelve years,"it being
n we 5, m that theywill not fail to fhoor up and bear vi-
‘1 t «Hilary and plentifully during all that time, but yet
;, 3‘ . e perceive any decay in them fooner, we may de-
; f and break them up fooner, and if on the contrary
. 1151 themconltinue to produce well longer than we _,
, limited, we may continue them longer in their

” f, berry, Curran, and Godalzerry fhrubs, eaﬁly lal’t
‘ 7 ,_ or ten years.
;rticboke: muﬂ be renewed, that is new planted
' ‘reih place after the third year.
-. , ,. e Borders of Wormwood, Hyﬂo , Lavender, Mar-
, Rue, Roﬂ’nzary, Sage, Time, Violets, 8m. provi-
“they be nor endamaged, by an extraordinary hard
a j tar, may fubﬁﬁ in their places three or four
4 if earebe taken to clip them pretty clofe every

, I. , er.
” leluia, or Wood-form], Mint, Mar/red Cbervil,
_1 Cives, Tarragon, Sorrel, Patience, or ﬂmrp
T Sampbire, Macedonian Par/7y or Aliﬂmdm,
Madame, SIC. may likewife lai’t well enough in
: places three or four Years.
awberry Plant: may laﬁ three years, Wild En-
anuccory, Anir, Ordinary Paiﬂy, Bm‘nct, Fennel,
more, and Common Salﬁﬁer, 8m. laﬁ two years.'
ekrboth to cut, and for Cbardr, and Ciboalr, Ste.
' year, that is, from on Spring to anorher.
rage, Buglofr, Rad Beat Roots, Spaniﬂ) Cardonr,
tr, .Skirrets, Cabbager, Milan Cabbagar, Calli-
rs, Citrul: or anpionr, Harts—born Sallet, Poti-
or Flat Pnnzpions, Pazfnipr, Leeks, m; keep their
"-5 nine Months, that is, reckoning from the

g, when they were fown, to the end of Autumn.
Y 2 Liar/15,1;

 
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
   
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  

398 ' The Complete G/ard‘ner; . ‘ Vol

Garlick, Baﬁl, Naﬂurces or Capacin Capers, C .‘
bars, and Melons or Mmkntelonr, SbaLatr, Onion: &
the ﬁtll or Summer Turneps, etc. take then? up “ "
during the Spring and Sumner Seafons, fo that , _.
plates may receive a new Decoration of Plan
Autumn, ~ _ - L ., »

Arracb, or Orage, Ordinary Cbervil, Wbite En,
and Sammy, Garden quﬂes, and all forts of Lett 1. ‘
whether to cabbage, or to tie up, 57:. take up.
GraunJ about two Months. ‘

Radiﬂias, and Par/lain, and Ordinary Cbervil, .
take up their places but 5 or 6 Weeks, and ther
they mul’t be new fown every I; days in Sumner .

Haﬂing Paafa and Beans, continue on the G "
ﬁx or {even Months, reckoning from the Mo - ; "
Aavanzlier' when they were fown; but common
and Bang, and Aricos, or FrenchBaans, take
but four or ﬁve Months. . '

Spinage and Marina: keep theirs all xii/Inn: .. 1-
Winter, and therefore are planted in places whe-f’ » -

have already raifed fuch Plant: as laﬁ nor be”- '
the Summer. . ,
Mal/aw: and Mar/hmallaws are multiplyed 0
Seed, and pafs not beyond the Winter.
The Plants that require houﬁng in the Confe ..
ry during the Winter, are Cardaans, Callary, Artz' , .
heath, both the Endiees, as well the White .
Wilt! fort , all that are known by the name of
as Red Beat Roots, Carrots, 81c. as likewife t = ‘
Cairn/s or Pmnpionr, Parirons or Common Pain?
Gar/ice, and Ska/01s. All the reﬁ reﬁll the it
of the Winter well enough, viz. Cabbager, '-,
fennel, Cilia/11:, and even Tarragon, Mint, Sam
'1': ifi-Zliizdain, Biz/in, A f paragns, Sorrel, 81c.
they {piont not till the Spring, unlefs forced 0
Bart. Other Plants are not acquainted with th
of help, or rather Violence, inch as are all Rog

. W»WWF’P’F¥' :« f r“ " ’ ' " ‘ "- if"! ' ' ' "’_"vf"':‘"’“,' mam," ('XWWTQW

 

é ‘ Vol. 11., The Complete Gard’ner. 309

E _ Garlick,y0ni0m, Leeks, Cabbager, are. Add to this,

”9 ‘ that by the‘fame expedient - of Hot Bad: we may. alfo

_ raife in the height of cold Weather, little Sal/er: of

. .Letmces, with their Furniture of Creﬂer, Cbervil,
'Mint, SIC. .

There remains now nothing but to know. how long
each fort of Seed will keep good -, upon which I mul’c ”
tell you, that generally fpeaking, molt Seeds grow

' nought after one'or two years at mol’t, and therefore
it concerns us always to be provided with new ones,
if we would not run the hazard of fowing to no put-
pofe in the Spring; There are hardly any but Fade,
Beam, and the Seeds of Murkmelom, lecemberr,
ﬁrm]: or Pumpiom, and Potirom or Hat Chambers, .
that laﬂ eight or ten years. The Seeds of Col/{ﬂowers

' laltthree or four, and thofe of all forts of Endive-and

" Succory, ﬁve or ﬁx years. Of all forts of Seeds there
are none that keep f0 fmall a time as Lettuce Seed,
'which yet are better the fecond, than the ﬁrl’t year,
but yet are good for nothing the third. Concerning

. which, with the Particular Culture of each feveral

. 'Plﬂﬂf, and the Monthly Proviﬁon and ProduE’cs both
of Fruit: and Plants, See the Alphabet, Page 175.

\

 

S The End of the Laﬁ P A R T.

THE

CONTENTS

OFTHE

CHAPTERﬁ

N Adverti/‘enzent with Precautions to the Nobi-

lity and Gentry. - Page i

Some Rule: for the Defence of Gardens, and Plantations,
again/l turbulent and lilo/ling Winds, with Inﬂrnft'.
ion: touching Efpalliers, for preferving tender.
Greens and Plants. p. xv

Chap. I, II.
A Gard’ner ought to be well Skill’d in the Culture of- -

‘ Fruit-Gardens and Kitchen-Gardens. p. 1
" Chap. iii.
An Abridgment of the Maxim: cf Gatd’ning. p. 3
Chap. iv. ‘
The Gard’ners Charoc’ler.
P A R T II.
Chap. I.
OF the Condition: neceﬂ’ozy to a good Garden. p. 1 0
Chap. ii.
Of Earth in General. ' p. 1!
Chap. iii.
0f the nae/ﬁr}; Condition: regal/ire to ogoodEnrth.p.1 2
. Chap. iv.
{7f 25‘s feveml Tenn: and Dzﬂ‘ttzﬂlam ”Ed in difc‘omf
1g of f‘fdrth. p. IS
Chap. v.

E: "'VKWSf" wr'lrv

The commits

: Chap. V.‘
g Of the Situation: of Gardens.
‘ Chap. vi.
Of the Equfure of Gardens, and what nae} be good or“
7 “ill in. either of them. - p. 13
a- Chap. vii.
4 0f the Convenieneie: of Watering: for Garden p120
' Chap. viii, ix.
A Garden ought to be partly upon a Level, of a Plea/hut
Figure, and well plae’d Entrance. . p. 2!
Chap. X, Xi.
’ A Garden mu]? be well inelos’d with Wall:, and not far
diﬂantfrom the Houfe. p, 23
Chap. xii. .
? How to Carrot? ddeﬂive Ground, either a: to Quality
3 or want of quantity. 9. 24
" Chap. xiii. '
i 0f Sloping: and Rai/ingx. * P. 25
Chap. xiv, xv, xvi, xvii.

0f the Dijlribution of the Ground of a Fruitaml
: KitehenGartlen. _ ibids
Chap. xviii, xix, xx, xxi.
0f the manner of Cultivatimg Fruit-Garden:, and of
'Tillagei _ p. 27
Chap: Xxii, xxiii. '
0f Antendment: and Dungs.

, Chap. xxiv.
‘ Whether it he proper to Dung Trees. p- 32
. Chap. xxv. . ,
' What fun of Earth 2‘: 7220/2 proper for every kind of
’ Fruit Trees. P. 33-
‘ P A R T. III. a
‘ Preliminary Difcomfe to the third Part, cbio‘ly
( 5 relating to FruitlTreet. 9- 3S

Chaim l.

The CONTENTS.‘ ~ '3}

Chap. I. g

(7f Stamford Pears to plant. ' p. 43 ,
_ Ii analogue of Mr. De la Quintinye’s heﬂ Peers, Peaches 9'
(2m! Izl‘lgﬂOﬂs, with their times quipettitzg, [event] 4
situations, with the Pages where they are ortieular- ;

r
z

I} Difeoters’d of, both in Folio and 1)]: Abridg- g

 

7116721. - P' 4; y;
' > . Chap. ii.
OfPeors in General, wétf their Deferiptiom, ‘p. g s
. ap. 111. i
Mr. Dela Quintinye’s deferiptiotzs of Peaches, Plums i
and Cherries. _ p, :8 f
f Chap. iv. a ' “
0 A}? les. _ ' . *
OfVitfes. . _ g 772 '
Off'igsr p. 78_ ;:
_ Chap. v. »
How to make the belt ufe of the Wells iii every Gan
den. . p. 80
Thefe 5 Chapters comprehend what is Material to‘ ‘
the 15th. , Vide p. 83

‘ Chap. xvi.
W hat good Condition: ore reguired it: 60er Fruit-Tree,
to gieoliﬁe it to he ehofetz ondpreferr’d to fame good
place in 4 Fruit Garden. ‘ y '
- Chap. xvii, xviii. -
How to Chufe Trees "as they ﬂdﬂd in the Nurfery Gar-

dens._ p. 84.
Chap. xix.
, How to prepare a Tree for Planting“ . p. 86
\ Chap. xx. ,- 7
T471702 and how to Platte Trees, when ready ﬁtted and
prepor’d for it. p. 89 ‘
Chap. xxi, ' ’
How to order Trees planted for Referees, it: Oﬁer Cafes

 

or Baskets. P- 91.
. A R ”E

 

The CONTENTS \

PART. IV

Chap. 1. .
H E Diﬂtzitiotz of the Pruning of Tree: 1'). 9;.
. Cha . ii, iii, iv. '
0f the Retﬁm for, and in: of Pruning. p. 96.
hap v

0f the Idea qf Beauty which Dwarfs require. . p; 97
' = Cha . vi.
0f the Idea af Beauty whigh Wall-Trees regaire toge-
ther with the Maxim of Palifading. p. 98.
Chap. vii.
0f Branches in General. ‘ p. 99.
Cha . viii.
TM new the Diﬁ’eretteeéfgaod and ill Branches. p.IOI..
,, ha . ix.
The ex laaatiea of Ward: trong and Strength, Weak
and eaknefs. ~ p. 109;
Chap. x.

The manner (firming Trees, in the ﬁtji Near of their

being plame . p'. 103.
Chap. xii, xiii, xiv, xv.

Of the pruning If a Tree that has been planted one

Tear. Chap. xvi. ibid.

0f the fit]? pruning of a Tree that has prodae’d twaﬁtte

Branches, and both well plae’d. p. 106.
Chap. xvii.

0 the r tuning of a Tree that has only radac’d

ftwa ﬁlial/riches, both beautiful and thick, yetpboth ill

plaid. , p. 107.
Chap. xv'iii.

Of a Tree which has pradae’cl three or four ﬁne well

plae’d Branches, or em: three or four ill 0716:, and

thzfe all in extremity, or a little beneath it. p. 108.

i . Chap. xix.
0f the Pruning of Trees that have producedﬁve, ﬁx,
arfevetzﬁae Branches. p. 109.
f Cha'p. xx.

The CONTENTS.

Chapc xx, xxi.
0f the fecond Pruning of a Tree, that in the fir/t Tear
had produced two ﬁne Branches for Wood, p. 19-1
Chap. xxii, xxiii.
Of the fecond Pruning of a Tree, which had produced
the ﬁrﬁ Tear four ﬁne Branches of Wood, or more.
. Chap. xxiv. p. 1 11
0f the Pruning which mnﬂ be perfornz’d the third Tear
upon all fort: of Trees Planted within four Tears.

Chap. xxv. 7 p. 1 14

0f the ﬁrﬁ Pruning of Trees that have been Planted
with many Branches. ' Chap. xxvi. , p. 1 16
Of the Pruning of Tall Standards, or high-bodied Treec.
_ _ _ Cha . xxvii. ' p. 117
Of the Conde‘fl of Craﬁs in Slit: made upon old Trees,
either Dwarfs or Wall. A p. 1 18

Chap. xxviii. _
What is to be done in awe: notfordeen, tho’ common to

-1v.-cr-WW—w~«

ollfort: of Trees, wen thofe that have been monog’d ‘

by all the Rule: of Aft. p. 118
Chap. xxix.
Common remark: for certain ﬁngzclar cafe: relating to 3
the Pruning of all manner of Trees. p. 119 ,
. Chap. xxx.

Particular Remark: for the ﬁ‘ﬂ Pruningj yearly robe
pcrfoz'in’d in February and March upon Trees of
Stone-Fruit, efpecially on Peach and Apricot Trees,
either Dwarf-Standards or Wall-Trees. p. 1 28

Chap. xxxi. ‘ ,
Rana-2%: upon the fecond andjthird Pruning of Stone-
‘ Fruit. Chapgxxxii; . " p. 129

Lara” 4

Of the different manner: of ordering a Peach-Tree in ;
510112716)”. Chap. xxxiii. p. 130 ;
0] the Trimmmg effigy/luau: Buds and Sprigs. p. 131 ,.

hap. xx-xiv.

{7f Pmcmng or Breaking) to be perfornz’d upon fonze
Trees 122 Summer. p. 132 -

Chap. Xxxvg

 

The CONTENTS...

Chap. xxxv.
0} what 1 r to he (1m to fame Trees being extraordinary
vigorous', yet not hearing Fruit. . p. 13;
113p. xxxvi.
Of Fig-T1665, there Culture and Conduﬁ. ibid

Chap. xxxvii.
0f the manner of Pruning pretty old Trees. p. 1 37
Chap. xxxv‘iii. ' ’
Ofdeﬁflx ofI’tuning, In relation to old Dwarfs. p I 3 8
hap. xxxix

0f defeéls of Pruning, 1n relation to old Wall- trees
Ch hap. x1 ibid. ‘
~ ﬁfth: Pruning ofVines. , 1 7 ; p. 139
PART. V,
.. Chap. I.
F the care that z: requiridtopick Fruits when they
0 are too abounding. . 1 . . p 142
Chap. ii. . ‘
How to uncover, at a proper time, certain Fi'uits which
require it. p. 14;
' - . Chap. iii.
0f the mturi&1. of Fruits, and the order which Nature
ohfervee In it. p. 146
Chap. iv.
’ How to judge of thE Maturity and Goodnif: of Fruit.
ha 17.
0f the Caufee hf the Foli'wardneﬂr or Backoutnuhheﬁ47 of
Maturity of all rnanner of Fruits. P- I 43
Chap. vi. ‘

Remarkwf Maturity 1n every fort of Fruit, and ﬁt ﬂ of
the Summer Fruit which ripen wholly upon the. Tree.
Chap. v11.
0f ”76’ Situation that 1: proper for the Fru1ts thatmrg are
gather’ d an order to proferve then: f wne time. p 1 50
T , Cha. viii. -
0 the ran ortation 0 Fruits. . P. 1 $0
f f? . Y12 Chap. ix.

Cha . ix. _ .
0 f the Store-hotefes‘or Con/Ervatorie:for Fruits. p. Q1 94

. Chap. x.
Of the szeaﬂv; of FruitaTtees. .. ' p. 161
Chap. xi, xii, xiii, xiv," Xv.
Of Graffs and Graﬂing. p. 166
‘ Chap- xvi. .
0f Nutferies and Seminaties. , ' ' p. 169

_ . .Chap. xvii.- . ,
Of the different manner of. Lattices m’d to pallifade.

. . o
P A R 1“ VI. P ‘7
F the Culture of Kitchen-Gardens. . ' p. 173;
Chap._ 1,

What/7101111 Implanted in a 'Kitchen‘Gatden of a rea-

fonalzleExtent,to renderitAcompleatblfurnijh'd. p. 1 7 4
._ ‘ . Chap."fiii iii, iv; ‘

A Catalogue of all the Segds, and other thing: it hieh can-
triltute to the Produﬂih/ti‘ond Multiplication tyrevety
ﬂirt of Plant. Togethenwith what fort of Culture 1';
”to/1‘ proper for everyfort of Plant. » p. 17;

The Gard’ncr’s Kalender, direﬂing what is to he“
done in a Kitchen Garden, eveiy Month in the
Tear. » .

What Proviﬁom and Pfodutlsf, we ntay have in _> 231
every Month of the Tear: And“ . ' ». i

How to [mow t f argz thing. bewanting, which it .
jhould bcﬂock’d‘ withiteveryMonth.” “3‘“ »

~ ' Chaptv; ‘ Tr: .. , .

What fort of Ground isproper to teach Legume DI Kitch-
en-Plant. ' Chap. vi. , - I 2 T“ "i 'p. 296

W hat f art of Culture is proper for every. articular Plant.

Chap. -‘ vii.: _ p. 302

Showing how long every Kitchen-Plantvntay proﬁtahbt

’ Hand in» fro-place; inwa‘Kitchen-Garden, SEC. And
how long each fort ofSefed will lajI without lq/ing it:
Virtue. - ~ 5 ' ‘ hp. 305:

‘ 3‘ F‘I N I S.

 

 

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