 

 

    

Fa
la
lﬁ

 

 

g Q
Q Q
Q REEF g
I 3;; P()1}JI‘ 3%:
3335 $3

 

 

 

Wﬁlﬁ

   

 

THE GIFT OF

Mary Newbold Hale
’ (Mrs. Richard Walden Hale)

 

 

 

The Gift of Beatrix Farrand
t0 the General Library
University of California, Berkeley

    

 

 

 

(5 ,.
5' “5a \

«if

 

 

THE
1513135614 FAMILY HERBAL.

OR, AN

Ac co U N T of all thofe Eng/{ﬂ} Plants, which -

are remarkable for their Virtues: And of the
DR U c s, which are produced by Vegetables of
other Countries. With their D E s c R I P T I o N s,
and their Us E s, as proved by Experience.

Illui'trated with
F I GU R E5 of the molt ufeful EngZi/b PL AN '1‘ s.
W I T H A N

INTRODUCTION;

CONTAINING,

I. D r R I c 'r l o N s for the gathering raps, and other Forms proper to be
and preferving Roars, Herbs, Flaw- in Readincfs, and for keeping all
m, and Seeds. ' the Year.

I]. The various ME T H o n s of pre- IV. The Ways of making up Elec-
pareing thefe Simple: for ‘prefent maria, yuleps, Draught, and the
Ufe. other common Forms of Remedies 3

III. R E c E I P 'r s for making from together with Cautionsin the giving
them ditiillcd %t£7'3, Cog/trims, 5:; - them.

ANDAN
Ail-P P E N D IX;'

Containing, a PR 0 P o s A L for the farther feeking into the
Virtues of Eng/{ﬂ} Herbs, and the Manner of doing it
with Eafe and Safety. ‘

The Whole intended for the Ufe of F A M I L I E 3,

And for the Inﬂruﬂion of thol'e who are deﬁrous of relieving
the diﬂreiTed Sick.

 

 

3L 0 ND 0 N:

Printed for W. Jo H N s T o N, in St. Paul’LClWﬁ/J-Yﬁd, and
. W. 0 w E N, near Temple-Bar.

- M.DCC.LIV.

5%”. u ’ \ ' ’ "

 

 

 

‘Qf—

 

 

v.1- '*

 

T H E U 7
LANDSCAPE
ARCH. ,
UBRARY

PREFACE.

' 6§ﬂNT Boob [verve oeen written
‘_ upon toe fame Snojeé? wit/5
' FM tbis, out if one of toein bad
treated it in tbe fame Manner, tois
would have éeen rendered nnneceﬂzry,
and would never [verve employed toe .
Attention of its Antoor. F
It is [vis Opinion, toot toe trite End" 7
of Science is U ﬂ; and in t/.77is View,
t/Je przﬁnt Work 5615 oeen nndertezﬁen.
It appears to ﬂint a Matter, of more
Con/egnence, and a Snojec‘? of more
Satzyaﬁton, to bane difcoverea’ toe Vir-
tues of one Hero unknown éefore, town
to bane a’i/po/ea’ into téeir proper C/aﬂes
, A 2 ﬁxteen

“5110

  

iii VThG" P R E F ‘A' C E. '
ﬁxteen ‘Ilioufand ; nay [0 far ‘ will a
.Senje of Utility get tlae better of tlie
.Pride of mere Curio/it}, that be fbould
fuppo/e this a Tbing preferaéle to lie
faid of liiin, to tloe loaning diﬂ‘overed
s fame unknown Species; to loaning pie/zed
* - from tbe Bottom offoine Pond, an un-
dig/criéed Conferva, or to baving fetelied
from tlse ino/i remote Parts oft/9e World,
a Kind of Tree Mofs, wit/J Heads larg-
er tlian t/ooﬂ: at Home.

It grieves a Man of puolie Spirit and
Humanity, to fee t/Jo/e T/Jings wlaieb are
tlJe Means alone of tloe Advantages of
Mankindﬂudied, leile tlJe End, teat
ﬂdvantage izfe'lf, is forgotten. ﬁnd
in \tliis View be will regard a Cul—
pepper, as a more riﬂeﬁao/e Per/0n,
than a Linnaeus or a Dillenius. L

Tloat Botany is an u/eful Study is
plain; oecaufe it is in ‘vain tbat we
know Betony is good for Head-aebs, or
Self-lieal for Wounds, unlefs we can

, diﬂinguiﬂo Betony and Self/seal from
oneanotlser, and/0 it runs t/oroug/J tbe
woo/c Study. IV C are tat/got a} it to

know

 

    

1-19,‘ »

ThaPREFA CE. V
ﬁne-w 106a} Plantx éel‘ong t0 wléat Names“,
and to énow t/Jat very cit/linﬂl' 5 and
we ﬁall 5e prevented a] tbat Knows '
ledge from giving a Purge for an 14/:-

‘tl‘z'itgent, a Poifon for a Reinea’y; let
u: tberefore zyleein tbe Study of Botany,
lat let us lnow, tlyat Mi: we of tée .Di-
ﬂinfz’ions it give: is tbe true Encl 0f
it; and let us rc/peft’ tea/e, fwbo e7n«
ploy tbeir Lives. in (yiaaliﬂnng tbo/é
Dzjlinﬁions upon tée inc/2Z certain Fauna
elation, upon 7na£ing t/Jenz i176 mo/t’ ac‘
curately, ancl carrying tlJeni tée ' far-
tbeﬂ poﬂiale : ﬂe/e are tbe Botanzﬂs;
éut rwit/J- all tée Gratitude we owe
téenz for t/5eir Laacury, and all tae
Refpeé? we ﬂew téein on Matt Conﬁde-
ration, let us una’etﬂana’ tbein a: aut
tlve Second: in tbis Science. Tée prin-
cipal are tlmfe wag ﬁne-w new to ﬁring
t/Jeir Dg/co‘veries to Uﬂ, and can fay
wbat v-are tlte Enair téat will 5e an-

fwerea’ 5y tlyo/e' Plants, whet tire}! [acme

ﬂ accurately cli/linguiﬂjecl. TZe Boy
colleﬁs t/ae Specimens of Hera: wit/5
great Care, and éeﬂows ten Tears in

A 3 eel/57%

 

Qi‘ 'Thc‘P R E F A C'E.

Pdﬂiﬂg tbein upon Paper, and writing
tbeir 1V antes to tbein : He does well.
Wben be grows a Man, be negleﬁs
bis nfefal Laboars; and perbaps de-
fpiﬁs bim/elf for tbe szeenployinent of
ﬂ enacb Time : But if be bas, to tbe
Knowledge of tbeir Forms, added af-
terward tbe Staaﬁz of tbeir Virtues, be
will be far from cen/aring bienﬂlf for
all tbe Pains be toob to tbat End.

- He wbo wi/bes well to Science and
to Manbin-d, inn/l wi/b tbis Matter an-
derﬂood: 24nd tbis is tbe Way to bring
\ a-Part of Knowledge into Credit; wbicb,
as it is commonly praﬁzﬂd, is ‘ not a
jot above tbe Studies of a Rag/er of
Tulips or a Carnation—fanﬂer.

1 FVben we conﬂder tbe Study of
Plants, as tbe Searcb of Remedies for
Difeafes, we ﬁe it in tbe Ligbt of one
of tbe mo/i bonozerable Sciences in tbe
" World; in tbis View no Pains are too
great to bane been be/i’owea' in its 14c-
gnireinent; and in tbis Intent, tbe
principal. Regard ongbt to. be bad to ‘
tbtfe of our own Growtb. Tbe foreign

« Plants

 

ThePREFACE. vii

Plants orougét into our Stoves with [o (
muck Expence, and kept tloere witb ﬁ
much Pains, may ﬁll tbe Eye witﬁ
empty W ona’er : But it would 5e more
to tbe Honour of tbe I’M/eﬂor of tbein, to
bone found out the Ufe of one common
Herb at Home, tlzun to 6m enriened
our Country wit/o an bunelreel of tee
otliers. Nagy, in tbe Eye of Reel/on, tb'i‘s
o/t’entutious Stuely is rutlier uReprotzeﬁ.
W15! ﬁoula’ 6e, rwlm nus not yetinforni-
ed bimﬂlf tborougllly of toe Nature of
tbe meaneﬂ Hero w/Jieb grows in. 2‘68
next Ditch, run/2w tbe Eurtbfor‘ fo~
reign Wonders? Does ﬁe not full un-
der tliefunze Reproucb witb toe Gene-4
rulity of too/e, rwlio travel for tbeir Ini—
provement, w/oile tl7ey are ignorant if
all toe} left at Home; and ‘wloo are -
ridiculous in tlieir I nguiries concerning
toe Laws and Government of otlrer'
Countries, wbile toe}! are not uéle to
give u fatisfaflory ﬂnﬁver to an} ‘Qz’te-

‘ ﬂion when regards tloeir own .9 ,
I [wave fetid tlJus niucb to oéviute toe
Cenﬂtres of too/e to wﬁom an Inguiry
A 4. into

 

“wi‘ii The P R E F A G 'E.
into tbe Virtues of -Herbs, may ﬁm
ibe Province of a [Woman It is an
’Honozzr in tbe Sex, tbaz‘ z‘bey bez'Ue put
,onr Sinclies to Me; but iiwonla’ be well,
if we bezel clone ﬂ onifﬂzl‘ves; or if, can—
jiclering z‘belz‘ tbey ngbi, we bezel made
our Writings more intelligible 2‘0 ibem.
4 Tbe Intent of Words is to expre/s
our Meaning: Wining: are pnblzﬂaed
tbat ibey megy be nna’erﬂoea’ 3, and in
tbis Brancb, I fbezll always ﬂippofe be
writes beﬂ, 'wbe is to be uncleijioocl mq/t’
zininerfally. Now/o far are we from
bnving bail z‘bis Point in view in Be-
mn ,‘ tbat more new and more ﬂrange
Words bez‘ve been introduced into it, z‘ban
inte all tbe Sciences togetber : And ﬂ
remarbable is tbe Swede befere menti-
onea’, Linnaeus, for ibis ; z‘bat en good
Sebelar, nay tbe be/i- Sebolar in tbe
[17 onlel, [ball not be able. to under—
ﬂezna' tbree Lines togetber in bis be]!
Writings," alebongb z‘bey are written
in Latin, a Language in wbicb be
is ever /& familiar. ‘ Tbe Amber bets
not been at tbe Pains to explain bis
new

 

The PREFACE. iX
new ”/ords Min/elf, ant refers bis
Reader to 1V attire; lie aids [Jim ﬁeé
toe/n in ' Me Flowers, wbere ‘be found
toent. '

ﬁe fartber we pmﬁ tbis Con/ide-
ration, toe more we flyall ﬁnd a Book
like tbe prefent neeeﬂary. It appears,
t/Jat wliat are called tbe Books in!
Botan , far from éeing in tbe Coin-
paﬁ of many woo wi/l) to 5e zfefnl in
t/5eir Knowledge of Plants, are not to
5e nnderﬂood 5y any, except a few,
wlio follow toe zt/eleﬁ, tlyongli carious
Steps of tbe ﬂatbor; in many Parts
perbaps, only éy tl)e ﬂatéor nine/elf.
And as for toe otbers when nave not
tlIe/e faﬂ7ionaéle Innovations, toe éeﬂ
among téein fay notbing of tlieir U fe
or Virtue at all. 77w A’ntbors e/leem
tbis a particular, Braneﬁ of Know-
ledge, and in tliis tbey are rigbt. He
«also writes of toe Forens and Figures
of Plants is a . Nataralﬂl, and lie woo
deferiées tlieir Virtues ongnt to 5e a
Pbyﬂc‘ian .- H e «on writes a very good
Hiﬂory of Plants, may not [rave it in
iris

x The PREFACE.

bi: Power ’to ﬂeaﬁ knowingly of tlweir
Firtaeo or tbe Compafr of bio Work
may not give Room for it, or 6i: Rea-
o’er: may mt expeé? or a’eﬂre it; for
ibis i; toe Ceﬂ wit!) maigy wbo loave
@2sz an empty Citrioﬂty. He tberefore
may, witb Rayon, omit toe Virtues
wbere be diferiées t/Je Forms; out let
liim male it a Matter of Corg/eierzee,
if 5i: Kamvledge extend/o far, to do it
Maw/f, or if not, to recommend it to 5e
clone a} ﬁme otber.

W e fee, tlrat toe moﬂ carious Bota-
mﬂr ltasve riot eomerrzea’. teem/elves ’a-
éoat tbe Virtues of Plant: at all; tbat
maegy of too otlJers wbo bave written well
on Plants, loave tlvoagl‘t it 710 Part of
tlaeir Saéjeét; let us examine t/Je otliers ;
tbo/e wlao are of left Repate. If we
look into toe Englifh Heraals in far—
tieular, we ﬁrza’ tlwm large 11/7072 tbat
Saéj'eéi’; irza’eea’ tbey are too large a}
mace; 77.79! fayﬁ; meaty filings, t/Jat
we blow riot w‘bieb of t/Jem to credit;
_ Milt/Jerefore 2'72 toe U mertamty we ere-

dit ”one of Mom. Tbere is not ﬁx moﬂ
3 triﬂing

 

The PREFACE. xi

triﬂing Herb, wbicb tbey do not mabe a .
Remedy for almo/l all Di/éaﬂs. W e may '
tberefore as well tabe one Plant for _
any Cafe as anotber; and tbe wbole of
tbeir Labours amounts to tbis, tbat tbe
Englifh Herbs are full of Virtues, but
tbat tbey bnow not wbat tbey are. If we
add to tbe Writers on Herbs in our own
Country, tbofe wbo ﬂudy tbem, we
ﬂsallﬁnd tbe ‘very fame uﬂlefs Curioﬁty.
Tbe Apotbecary’s Apprentice learns tbe
Names of Plants, tbat be may win
tbe Gingerbread Boob by way of Prize,
but wben be fbould come to tbe Ufe of
tbem, be neg/eels tbem, and often ~or—
gets tbe little be bad bnown jo perfefi’.
ly, tbat tbey fell bim Vipers Bugiofs
for Bugle in tbe Marbets, and be
bnows it is tbe rzigbt, becauﬁe tbe Sta/b,
is painted.

Woo/e wbo jearcb into tbe Nature in
tbis Province, are not a wbit better.
I was introduced in Yorkfhire, to one
Brewer, wbo bad contrived a Dre/s on
Purpofe for Herbalizing, and bad a,
Mel/b for bis Face, and Pads to bis

Knees,

xii The PREFACE.

Knees, tbat ﬁe ting/9t creep into toe Thee»
ets; ween I talked wit/J toe Man a-
ooat tn”: Re/earclzes, toey were after
ﬁnite new Kind of My} : He never
bad conﬁdered Plants, except to Know
bow t/Jey 'diﬂer from one anotoer.

I n tbis Situation, ween Knowledge is‘
perplexed wité anintellzgiole Terms, and
toe Memory of tlve Student confounded
wit/5 aMa/tiplicity ofJVai/tes; 10/3872 17.7%}
Ignorant only, w/Jo ba‘ve written con~
cerning Plants, bane given teem/elves
any Troaole aaoat tlseir Virtues ; molten
Péyﬂc is éecoining intirely c6ytnical, and
a tboafand Lines are tlirown away daily
5} toe/e Medicines, ur/Jico wig/3t oe jawed
éy a oetter Prafiice; it appeared a i/efal
Undertaking, to ﬂparate toe neceﬂary
front toe frivolous Knowledge; and to
lay oefore too/e woo are inclined to do
Good to toeir (ltﬂreﬂedFellow— Creatures,
all teat it is, neceﬂary for teen: to know
of Botany for toat Pnrpo/e, and t/5at
in tbe ino/l familiar lWanner; and to
add to this, qatoat Experience lsas con—
ﬁrmed of tbe nzany ‘f/Jings written A}

027.7765)”:

 

WW

y

The‘ P R E F A C E. xiii“
otlxers concerning tbeir Virtues. Tbis
is tbe Intent of tbe following ”rare;

773e Plants are arangea' according to ~
t/Je Engliﬂn ﬂlpbaoet, tbat t/3e Engliﬂl
Reaa’er meg; know wnere to ﬁnol tbem .-
7759: are cal/eel 5)! one Name only in
Engiifh, ana’ one in Latin; and tée/é
are t/Jeir moﬂ familiar Names in tlzojé
Languages; no Matter ‘wlmt Cafpar,
or OhnBauhine, or Linnaeus call tlnem,
they are bere ﬂat down a] tnofe Names
15} went every one [peaks cf tlaem in
Engli‘fh, ana’ the Latin Nameis atl-
a’eal, antler swloicb tltey will oe found in
every Diﬁionary. To tln's is faéjoinea’,
a general De/cription of tne-Plant, if
it 5e ct common one, in a Line or two ;
tbat tbofe ‘w/Jo alreaa’y Anew it, may
turn at once to tne U ﬁes; ana’ for
[ac/3 as do not, a fartlter anal more-para
icalar Account is added. Laﬂ come
tse Virtues, as tlsey are conﬁrmed é}
Praftice : ﬂna’ all tltis is delivered
in ﬂee/5 Word: as are common, and to

['e zinc/etﬂoocl a} all.
Every

xiv The PREFACE.

Every Ming tbat is fapeiﬂaoas is
omitted, tbat tbe aﬂfal Part may re—
main upon tlJe Memory : And to all
Mi: is preﬁxed, in a large Introdafz’ion,
wlwazfoever can 5e neceﬂaiy to comp/eat
tbe good Intentions of the (Marital/e in
tbis Way. Tbere are Rules for gatllering
and preferving H eros, and tbez'r/éveral
Parts, Direﬁ‘ions for snaking/web Pre-
parations from tbein, as can conveni-
ently 5e prepared in Families, and ge—
neral ﬂdnzonitions and Cautions in tbeir
rig/peéiive U fes.

If I "could 6am tlioaglvt of any tln'ng
fartlzer, tbat could tend _ to toe inaling
toe Booé more a/efal, I ﬂmald [7am
added it ; as it is, tlie candid Reader is
deﬂred to accept it, as written wit-l) a

real View to oe of Service to Manlind.

IN«

 

Ufeful Family H E R B A L.

 

THE
INTRODUCTION.

Containing general Rules for Me ga-
Mering ana’ prtfer‘ving Herb, Roots;
Barb, Seeds, and Flowers 5 togeMer
wiM Me M eMods of maéing facb
Preparatians from Mein, arena); 5.9/2
retain Meir Virtues, or 6e inq/Z Zf/é‘

fa! to 6e kept in Families.

 

CHAP. I.

Tbe Dcﬂgn and Purpo/e qf Me lVork, and Me,
MeMod oé/érved in if.

‘WHE Intent of: the Anthor in publilhing
d: T g this .Book, Is to inform thofe who

i live in the Country, and are deﬁrous
‘ ‘ of being ufeful to their Families and
' Friends; or charitable to the Poor, in
the Relief of their Diforders; of the Virtues of
thofc Plants, which grow wild about them: That

a 2 they

     
   

 

xvi INTRODUCTION.

they may be able to fupply this neceﬂ‘ary Afﬁﬁance,’
in Places Where Apothecaries arenot at Hand;
and, that ‘they may be able alfo to do it withOUt
putting themfelves to the Expence of Medicines
of Price, when the common Herbs, that may be
had for gathering, will anfwer the fame‘Purpofe.

However, as there are Cafes, in which more
Help may be had from Drugs brought from a-
broad, than from any thing we can procure at
Home, an Account of thofe Roots, Barks, Seeds,
Gums, and other vegetable Produétions, kept by
the Druggil’ts and Apothecaries, is alfo added;
and of the feveral Trees and Plants from Which
they are obtained ; together with their Virtues.

This Work therefore, will tend to inl’trué‘t thofe
charitable Ladies who may be deﬁrous of giving
this great Relief to the afflicted Poor in their
Neighbourhood, and to remind Apothecaries of
what they had before ftudied: But the ﬁrl‘t men-
tioned Purpofe is by much the mof’t ufeful, and
the molt conﬁderable, and for this Reafon the
greatel’c Regard is paid to it.

The Plants are difpofed in the Alphabet, ac-
cording to their Englzﬂa Names, that they may be
turned to the more readily; and an Account is
given, in two or three Lines, of their general Af—
pect and Place of Growth, that thofe who in part
know ‘them already, may underl’cand them at
once: If they are not perfectly known from this,
a more particular Defcription is added, by obferv-
, ing which, they cannot be mil‘taken or confound- ,

red with any Others; and after this follow, not
only their Virtues, as others are content to fet
them down, but the Part of each Plant which
contains them in molt Perfection is named, and

the Manner in which they may belt be given.
With

 

INTRODUCTION. xvii

With Regard to the Virtues of Plants, it has
been the Cuf’tom to attribute too many to melt of
them: So much is faid more than the Truth on
thefe Occaﬁons, that thofe who would-be inform.
ed, know not what they fhould believe. This is
more cautiouﬂy regulated here. The real Virtues
alone are fet down, as they are aﬂ‘ured by Expes
rience: And the Principal of thefe are always fet in
the mo“: confpicuo‘us Light. Perhaps it may be
allowed the Author, to fpeak with more Aﬂ‘urance'
than others of thefe Things, becaufe he has been
accultomed to the Practice of Phyfic in that Way.
Very few Things are named, here, that he has not
feen tried; and if fome are fet dOWn, which other
Writers have not named, and fome of which they
have faid mol‘t, are flightly mentioned; it is owing
to the fame Experience, which has added to the Ca-
talogue in fome things, and has found it too great
for Truth in others.

Nature has in this Country, and doubtlefs alfo
in all others, provided in the Herbs of its own
Growth, the Remedies fOr the Teveral Difeafes to
which it is molt fubjeft; and although the Addition
of what is brought from abroad, lhould not be
fuppofed fuperﬂuous, there is no Occafion that it
ﬂiould make the other neglected. This has been
the Confequence of the great Refpeét {hewn to the
others; and belide this, the prefent Ufe of chemical
Preparations has almoi’t driven the whole of gale-
nical Medicine out of our Minds.

To reitore this more fafe, more gentle, and
often more eﬂiCacious Part of Medicine to its na-
tural Credit, has been one great Intent in the
writing this Treatife -, and it is the more neceﬂ'ary
for the Service of thofe, who are intended molt
to be directed in this Matter, ﬁnc’e this is much
lefs dangerous than the other: Nay it is hard to

a ‘ fay,

’xVﬁi INTRODUCTION.

fay, 'that this is dangerous at all in molt Into
itances.

The Apothecaries are apt in their unfeeling
Mockery to fay, they are obliged to the good La-
dies, who give Medicines to their lick Neigh~
hours, for a great deal of their Buﬁnefs; for out
of little Diforders they make great ones. This
may be the Cak where their Shops fupply the
Means; for chemical Medicines, and fome of the
Drugs brought from abroad, are not to be truﬁed
with thofe who have not great Experience; but
there will be no Danger of this Kind, when the
Fields are the Supply. This is the Medicine of Na-
ture, and as it is more efﬁcacious in melt Cafes,
it is more fafe in all. If Opium may be dange—
rous in an unexperienced Hands, the Lady who
will give in its Place a Syrup of the wild Lettuce,
(la Plant not known in common Practice at
this Time, but recommended from Experience
in this Treatife) will ﬁnd that it will eafe Pain,
and that it will caufe Sleep, in the Manner of that
foreign Drug, but [he will never ﬁnd any ill Con-
fequences from it : And the lame might be laid in
many other Inﬁances.

As the Defcriptions in this Work, very readily
diliinguiih what are the real Plants that ihould be
ul'ed, ‘ and the great Care will remain, in what
Manner to gather and preferve, and in what Man-
ner to give them ; it will be 111‘ch to add 2. Chap
ter or two on thofe Heads. As to the former,
Iwould have it perfectly underllood, becaufe a
great deal depends upon it; the latter cannot ea-
iily be millakcn.

Having difplaced’ the Drugs brought from a-
broad in a great _Mealiire from this charitable
Practice, I would have every Lady who has the
Spirit of this true Benevolence, keep a Kind of

Druggiﬁz’s

INTRODUCTION. ‘xix

Druggif’t’s Shop of her own: This fhould be [up
plied from the neighbouring Fields, and from
her Garden. There is no Reafon the Drags
ﬂiould not be as well prefer'ved, and as carefully
laid up, as if the Produt't of a different Climate,
though the Ufe of the frefh Plants will in general
be belt when they can be had.

As there are fome which will not retain their
Virtues in a dried State, and can be met with only
during a {mall Part of the Year; it will be proper
to add the beft Methods of preferving theft: in
fome Way, according to the Apothecaries Man-
ner; and thefe Chapters, with that which {hall lay
down the Method of making the Preparations from
them for ready Service, will be fuﬂicient to lead
to the perfect Ufe of the Medicines of our own
Growth : And it will be found upon Experience,
that thofe who fulﬁciently know how to make a
proper Ufe of thefe, need feldom have Recourfe
to any others. '

 

CHAP. II.

Concerning the Methods 5f colleﬂing and pre-
ji’rving Plants, and Part: qf tbemﬁr U/é.

THE Virtues of different Plants reﬁding prin‘

cipally in certain Parts of them, and thofe
different according to the Nature of the Herb,
thefe feveral Parts are to be feleéted, and the reﬁ
left; and thefe'are in fome to be ufed frelh and
jult gathered; in others, either Neceﬂity, or the
natural Preference, make it proper to dry and
preferve them.

a 2‘ In

XX INTRODUCTION.

_In foine‘only the Leaves are to be ufed, in
ot'herss‘th‘e'w‘hole Plant cm from the Root, in 0-.
thersthe Flowers only, in others the Fruits, in
others the Seeds, in fome the Roots, and ofgfome
frees the Parks, fome‘ the Woods, and only
he Ejecrefc‘e‘nCes of others; while fo‘me Vegeta4
blcs are to“ be ufed ‘igntire, Whether it be freﬂi ga-
thered, 0r dried and preferved. Of all thefe,

'lnl’caneeswi’ll be given in great Number in the
following Sheets, and the Matter will be fpeciﬁ'ed
under each Article, as the Part of the Plant to
be ufed will always be named; and it will be ad-
ded, whether it ‘be belt frefh, or hell or neceﬂhrily
dried ofr Otherwife preferved; but it will be proper
in this Place to enter into the full Examination of
this Matter, to fave unneceﬂ’ary Repetitions un-
der the'fev‘eral particular Articles.
1 ,The'whole of mof’t Plants, native of our Coun-
try, "dieso'ﬂ' in "Winter, except the Root; and in»
many that perifhes alfo, leaving the Species to be
renewed from the fallen Seeds. When the whole
Plant dies,-the Root is feldom of any Virtue; but
when the Root remains many Years, and fends
up new Shoots in the Spring, It commonly has
great Virtue. This may be a general Rule: For
there is . very little to be expected in the Roots
of annual Plants: Their Seeds for the moli: Part
contain their greatell Virtues.

In others, the Root lives through the Winter,
and there arife from it large Leaves in the Spring,
before the Stall; appears. T hefe are to be dif’tin-
g‘uifhed from tliole which afterwards grow on the
Stalk, for they are more juicy, and for many Pur—
pofes much better. In the fame Manner, fome
Plants, from their Seeds dropped in Autumn, pro-
duce a Root and Leaves which f’tand all the
\Vinter, and the Stalk-does not rife till the fuc-

«seeding

INT’RGDUGTION- xxi

«needing S ring. Thefe are of the Nature of thofe
Leaves,w ieh rife from the Roomf other Plantsbe:
fore the Stalks in Spring; and are in, warm:
Manner to be diﬁinguifhed from thofe Which grow
upon the Stalks: 'Tliey have the full Nouriﬂa-
ment from the Root, 'whereas the. Others are
ttarved by the Growth; of the Stalk and its
Branches -, and the Preparations made by Nature
for the Flowers and Seeds -, which are theygreat
Purpofe of Nature, as they are to continue the
Plant. ' ' .
For this Reafon, When the Leaves of any Plant
are faid to‘ be the Part, ﬁtteﬂ: for Ufe, they are
not to be. taken from the Stalk ; but thefe large.
ones growing from -- the Root are robe Chofen-é
and thefe where there is no Stalk, if that can be;
for then only they are fulleft of Juice, and have
their compleat Virtue; the Stalk running away
with the Nourifhment from them. This is {0‘
much done in fome Plants, that although the
Leaves growing from the Root were very‘vigo'l
rous before the Stalk grew up, they die and Wi;
ther as it rifes. ' ' "
When the Juice of the Leaves of any Plant
is required, thefe are the Leaves from which it is
to be preffed: When they are ordered in Deco;—
tion, Notice is always taken in this Book, whe-
ther they be bei’t frelh or dried; if freih, they
Ihould be juf’t gathered for the Occaﬂon, they
ﬂ‘lOUld be cut up clofe from the Root, and only
{book clean, not wafhed; for in many, thatcar—
ries 033 Part of the Virtue, and they areto be
cut into the Pot. If they are to be dried, the
fame Caution is to be ufed, and they are belt dried,
by fpreading them upon the Floor of the Room,
with the Windows open, often turning them.
When thorougly dried, they lhould be put up in
3 3 :3. Drawer,

'xxii INTRODUCTION.

a Drawer, preﬁing them clofe down, and covered
with Paper. When the intire Plant is to be ufed
except the Root, Care is to be taken that it be
gathered at a proper Seafon. Nature in the whole
, rowth of Plants, tends to the Produétion of their
- Flowers and Seeds, but when they are ripe, the
reft begins to decay, having done its Duty; fo
that the Time when the intire Plant is in its moft
full Perfeétion, is when it is in the Bud; when
the Heads are formed for ﬂowering, but not a
ﬁngle Flower has yet difclofed itfelf : This is the
ma Time. ,

When Herbs are to be ufed frefh, it is belt not

to take them intire, but only to cut off the Teps -,
three or four Inches long, if for Infuﬁon; and if
for other Purpofes, lefs : If they are to be beaten
up with Sugar, they lhould be only an Inch, or lefs:
Juﬁ: as far as they are frefh and tender. The Tops
of the Plant thus gathered, are always preferable
to the whole Plant for immediate Ufe.
' When the intire Herb is to be dried, the Seafon
for gathering it is to be as juﬁ defcribed, when
the Flowers are buding; and the Time of the
Day muf’t be when the Morning Dew is dried
away. This is a very material Circumﬂ'ance, for
if they be cut wet with the dew, Herbs will not
dry well, and if they be cut at Noon-Day, when
the Sun has made the Leaves ﬂag, they will not
have their full Power.

Care mull alfo be taken, to cut them in a dry
Day; for the Wet of Rain will do as much harm,
as that of Dew.

W’hen the Herbs are thus gathered, they are to
be looked over, the decayed Leaves picked OE,
and the dead Ends of the Stalks cut away : They
are then to be tied up in {mall Bunclies, the leis
the better; and hung upon Lines drawn acrofs a
Room, where the Windows and Doors are tok be

'Cpt

INTRODUCTION. xxiii

'kept open in good Weather- ; the Bunches are to
be half a Foot afunder, and they are to hang till 4
perfeétly dry. They are then to be taken foftly.
down, without ihaking OR the Buds of the F low-
ers, and laid evenly in 9. Drawer, prefiing them
down, and covering them with Paper. They are
thus ready for Intuﬁons or Deeoétions, and are
better for Diftillation, than when freih.

T he Flowers of Plants are principally ufed
irefh, though feveral particular Kinds retain their
Virtue very Dwell dried, they are on thefe different
Occaﬁons to be treated differently

Lavender Flowers, and thofe of Stoeccha, keepi
very well, they are therefore to be preferved dry;
the Lavender Flowers are to be ﬁriped off the'
Stalks, Hufk and all together, and fpread upon the:
Floor of a Room to dry: The Stoechas Flowers
are to be preferved in the whole Head 5 this is to.
be out 0!? from the Top of the Stalk, and dried
in the fame Manner: When dry, they areto be
kept as the Herbs. ' ‘

When Rofemary Flowers are dried, they are
generally taken with fame of the Leaves about
them, and this is very right, for the Leaves re-‘
tain more Virtue than the Flowers. Some dry.
Borage, Buglofs, and Cowilips, but they retain'
very little Virtue in that Condition. Rofe Buds
are to be dried, and to this Purpofe, their white
Heads are to be cut 01?; and the full blown F iow—_
ers may be preferved 1n the fame Manner The
Red Rofe is always meant, when we {peak of the r:
dried Flowers .

For the reit of the Flowers ufed in Medicine,
they are beﬂ fiefh, but as they remain only a
{mall Part of the Year 1n that State, the Method
is to preferve them 1n the Form of Syrups and
{Ionferves Such as the Syrup of Cloves and Pop».

21 4. pics;

/

xxiv INTRODUCTION.

pics, the Conferves of Cowﬂips, and the like. Of
thefc, a ihort general Account fhall be fubjoined,
that nothing may be wanting to make this Book
as ufeful for Families, as the Nature of fuch a
one will admit. n

Among the Fruits of Plants, feveral are to be
ufed frefh, as the Hip for Conferve, and the
Qiince, Mulberry, and Black Currant; from the
Juices of which, Syrups are made. As to thofe
which are to be dried, as the Juniper Berries, the
Bay Berries, and the like, they are only to be ga-
thered when jui’t ripening, not when quite mel-
low, and fpread upon a Table or Floor, of.
ten turning them, till they are dry. But of thefe
we ufe very few of our own Growth ; molt of the
Fruits ufed in Medicine, are brought from abroad,
and mutt be purchafed of the Druggif’c or Apo-
thecary. L

With Refpeé‘t to the Seeds and Plants, it is oe
therwife: Many of them are of our own Growth,
and nothing is f0 eafy as to reﬁerve them. Thefe
are all .to be uiéd dry; but ature has in a Man~
ner dried them to our Hands: For Lthey are not
to be gathered till perfectly ripe, and then they
need very little farther Care. They are only to
be fpread for three or four Days upon a clean Floor,
where the Air has free Paliage, but where the Sun
does not come; and they are then ready to be
put up. .

The Seeds Ufed in Medicine, may be referred
to three general Kinds. They either grow in
naked Heads or Umbels, as in Fennel, Parﬂey,
and the like; or in Pods, as in Muftard and Cref—
(es; or in large ﬂeihy Fruits, as in Melon and
Cucumbers. In each Cafe they mul’c be left upon
the Plant, till perfectly ripe; then they are only
to be Ihook from the Heads upon the Floor, or if

if}

INTRODUCTION; ~xixv

in Pods, a {mart Stroke or two of the Plant upon

the Floor, when they are thoroughly ripe, will
diﬂodge them. In the other Cafe, the Fruit mutt

be cut open, and they mutt be taken out from

among the wet Matter, feparated from the Meme

branes that are about them, and fpread upon a.

Table, in a dry Place, where they mutt be often

turned and rubbed as they grow dry, that in

the End they may be perfectly dry and clean.

Among the Roots, a great many are to be
ufed frefh, but a greater Number, are bef’t dried.
The black and white Bryony, the Arum, and {cine
Others, loofe all their Virtue in drying; and many
that retain fame, yet loofe the- greater Part of it:
There are others which are excellent both frefh
and dried, as the Marlhmallow and fome more.

As to the few which lofe their Virtue intirely
in drying, it will be bei’t to keep‘fome of them
always in the Garden, that they may be taken
up as they are wanted. The others are to be ma-
naged according to their feveral Natures, and they
do a great deal toward the furnifhing this Drug~
ift’s Shop, which fhould be ﬁlled with Medicines,
the Produce of our own Country.

The belt Seafon for gathering Roots for drying,
is in the earlier Part of the Spring: What Nature
does for Plants when they are jul‘t going to ﬂower,
fhe does for Roots when the Leaves are juﬁ going
to bud: The juices are rich, frefh, and full,
and the Virtue is f’trongei’c in them at this SeafOn,
therefore they are to be then taken up.

In the End of February and the Beginning of
Mart/a, the Ground ihould be fearched for the
ﬁrft Buding of Leaves, and the Roots taken up.
They are to be wiped clean, not walked; and, ac—
cording to their feveral Natures, prepared for
drying, ' ‘

Some

vai INTRODUCTION.

. . Some are full of a mucilaginous Juice, as Madh-
rnallow, and above all other Roots the Squill,
and in fome Degree many others of that Kind:
thefe mui’t be cut into thin Slices crofs-wife, and
they will dry bef’t if laid upon a Hair Cloth ﬁretched
acrofs a Frame. they muft be frequently turned ;
and bexvery thoroughly dry, before they are put
up; die they will become mouldy: But, rightly
prepared, they keep verywell.
g Other Roots have Juices, that evaporate more
eaﬁly. Thefe have the Virtue either throughout
the whole Subl’tance, or only in the outer Part,
and they are to be prepared accordingly. When
Roots are of one uniform Subftance, they gene-
rally have the Virtue equal, or nearly f0, in all
Parts. Thefe Ihould be fplit open length—wife,
ﬁrﬁ: cutting off the Head, and the little End; or
if conﬁderably thick, they may be quartered;
when this is done, they are to be firung upon a
Line, by drawing a Needle threaded with a fmall
Twine through their thickeit Part, and they are
then to be hung up to dry in the Manner of
the Herbs; the Line being firetchcd acrols a Room,
the Doors and Windows of which are to be kept
open in good Weather.

When Roots conliﬁ of a fort of thick Rind, or
Befhy Subilance within the Rind, and a hard
ﬁicky Part in the middle; this llelhy Subilanee
under it pom-fies all the Virtues, the hard
inner Subftance having none; in this Cafe, the
Root is to be fplit long—wife as before, and the hard
woody Part is to be taken out and thrown away -,
the refl is to be flrung as before (leli‘ribed, and
dried in the fame Manner;

\Vhen Roots conﬁli of Fibres, thefe are gene.
mlly connetted to a Head, if it be ever to linall,

and

INTRODU4CTION. xxvii‘

and the belt Way is to fplit this in two, and then.
firing up the feparate Parts for drying.

It is needlefs to enumerate the Examples of the
feveral Kinds of Roots here; they follow in their
Places : But if the charitable Lady would on ﬁrfi:
looking over this Book, to fee what are moﬂ: ufe-
ful, order her Gardener to take out of his Ground,
and to feek in the Fields the feveral Roots there
mentioned, and fee them dried and preferved ac-
cording to thefe Directions -, {he would be poffef-
fed of a Set of Drugs of a new Kind indeed, but .
they would fave the Price of many brought from
other Countries, and might be died with lefs
Danger.

The Barks of Trees make but a {mall Part of
the Engli/b Drugs, and molt of them are belt frelh,
but fuch as will preferve and retain their Virtues
dried, are very eaﬁly prepared that Way: No-
thing more is required, than to cut them into mo-
derate Pieces, and firing them up in the fame
Manner as the Roots. When they are dry they
are to be put up as the others ; and they will
keep ever fo long; but in all this Time they are
for the mof’t Part loﬁng of their Virtues.

It may be prudent to preferve Drugs brought.
from abroad a great while, becaufe of their Price;
but as thefe colt only the Trouble of gathering
and preferving them, I would advife, that the
whole Shop be renewed every Year ; What is left.
of the old 'Parcel of every Kind, being thrown
away as the frefh one is collected in its Seafon.

The Place for keeping thefe fhould be a dry
Room, neither damp nor hot ; and they {hould
now and then be looked at, to fee that they are
in order -, that they do not grow mouldy, or linell
muﬂy through Damp, or become lighter,‘ and
left their Virtue by too much Heat.

It

xxviii INTRODUCTION.

It may be juﬁ: proper to mention ; that the

Woods which weufe, are bei’c kept in the Block,
and ibaved of? as they are wanted; for being kept
in Shavings, they loofe their Virtue: And in the
fame Manner as to the foreign Woods, it is hell:
to keep a Block of Saﬂ‘afras, and of Ligmtm Vine
in the Houfe, and cut them as they are wanted.
' As to the Excrefcences, fuch as Galls of the
Oak, and the Burr upon the wild Briar, they are
naturally fo dry, that they only require to be ex-
pofed a few Days to the Air upon a Table, and
then they may be put up with Safety, and will
keep a long Time.

Laf’tly, the Fungus’s, fuch as yew: Ears, and

the like, are to be gathered when they are full
grown, and f’crung upon a Line, that they may
dry leifurely, for elfe they fpoil: They muﬂ: be very
well dried before they are put up, elfe they will
grow mouldy in damp Weather; and if once that
happen, no Art can recover their Virtues.
p Thus may a Druggiit’s Shop of a new Kind
be ﬁlled, and it will conﬁi’t of as many“ Articles,
as thofe which receive their Furniture from abroad;
and there will be this Advantage in having every
Thing ready; that when Cuflom has made the
Virtues of the feveral Things familiar, the Lady
may do from her Judgment as the Phyﬁcian in
his Prefcription, mix feveral Things of like Virtue
together, and not depend upon the Virtues of any
one ﬁngly, when the Cafe requires fomething of
Power. Thefe Roots and Barks powdered, will
make as handfome» and as efﬁcacious Bolufes and
Mixtures, as any furniihed by the Apothecary.

CHAP.‘

INTRODUCTION. xxix

C H A P. III.

Concerning the various Met/30d: of Preparing
Simplésfor preﬂm UJZ’.

THERE is no Form of Medicines fent from
the Apothecary, which may not be prepared:
from the Herbs of our own Growth, in the fame
Manner as from foreign Drugs. Eleétuaries may
be made with the Powders of thefe Barks, Roots, and
Seeds, with Conferves of Flowers, and of the Tops
of frcfh Herbs: And Syrups, made from their Juices
and Infuﬁons; the Manner of making which is
very ﬁmple, and {hall be fubjoined to this Chap‘
ter, that all may be underﬂood before we enter
on theBook itfelf: And in the fame Manner their
Boluifes may be made, which are only fome of
thefe Powders mixed up with Syrup: And their
Draughts and Juleps, which are made from the
diftilled Waters of thefe Herbs, with Spirit or
without, thefe Syrups being added, and the Tinc-
tures of the Roots and Barks; the Method of
making which {hall be alfo annexed in a familiar
Manner. a,

But beﬁde thefe feveral Forms of giving them,
there are others much more ﬁmple, eafy, and
ready, and thefe are generally more efﬁcacious. I
{hall arrange thefe under three Kinds, Juices, In-
fuﬁons, and Decoétions. Thefe are the Forms of
giving the Medicines moft frequently mentioned
in the Courfe of the Work, and there is lefs Trou—
ble in them, than in the Others. They are not
indeed contrived for Shew, nor would they an«
fwer the Purpofe of the Apothecary, for his Pro—
ﬁts would be {mall upon them; but when the De-

3 -- ﬁgn

xxx INTRODUCTION.

fign is only to do good, they are the moit to
be chofen of any.

Juices are to be expreﬁ'ed from Leaves or
Roots; and in order to this, they are to be ﬁrlt
beaten in a Mortar. There is no Form whatever
in which Herbs have {0 much Effect, and yet
this is in a Manner unknown in the common
Praétice of Phyﬁc.

Thefe are to be obtained in fome Plants from
the intire Herb, as in, Water Creﬂ'es, Brook-
lime, and others that have juicy Stalks; in others
the Leaves only are to be ufed, as in Nettles, and
the like, where the Stalk is dry and yields nothing;
but is troublefome in the Preparation. When
the Juice of a Root is to be had, it muft be freﬂi
taken up, and thoroughly beaten. A marble
Motar and wooden Peftle, ferve beft for this Pur—
pole, for any thing of Metal is improper: Many
Plants would take a T incture from it, and the
Juife would be lb impregnated with it, as to
become a different Medicine, and probably very
improper in the Cafe in which it was about to be
given.

As thefe Juices have fometimes an ill Taiie, and
as fome of them are apt to be. cold upon the Sto-
mach, or otherwiie to difagree with it, there are
Methods to be ufed, to make them ﬁt better u on
it; and in {ome Cafes thele increafe their Sir-~
tues.

When the thick Juice, frelh drawn, is too coarfe
for the Perfon’s Stomach; it may be fuliered to
fettle and grow clear: A little Sugar may be ad-
ded alfo in beating the Herb, and in many Cafes,
as in thole Juices given for the Scurvy, the Juice
of a Seville Orange may be added, which will.
great improve the Flavour.

1 To

INTRODUCT'IOnN. xxx‘i

To the Roots, it is often proper to add a little
WhiteWine in the bruiﬁng, and they will operate
the better for it. Thus or Inf’tance, the Juice
of the FloWer-de-luce Root, will not {fay upon
many Stomachs alone; but with a little White-
wine added in the Bruifing, all becomes eafy:
And its Effects are not the lefs for the Addition;
The fame Addition maybe made to forne of the
colder Herbs; and if a little Sugar, and upon Oc-
caﬁon, a few Grains of powdered Ginger be added,
there will be fcarce any Fear of the Medicine dill
agreeing with the Stomach, and its. Effects will
be the fame, as if it had been bruifed and preﬂ'ed
alone. ‘

Infuﬁons are naturally to be mentioned after
the Juices, for they are in many Cafes ufed to {up-
ply their Place. Juices can only be obtained from
freih Plants, and there are Times of the Year
when the Plants are not to be had in that State.
Recourfe is then to be had to the Shop, inﬁead of
the Field, the Plant whofe Juice cannot be had,
is there to be found dried and preferved; and if
that have been done according to the preceeding
Directions, it retains a great Part of its Virtues ;
in this Cafe it is. to be cut to pieces, and hot Wa-
ter being poured upon it, extracts f0 much of its

)ualities, as to (hand in the Place of the other.
Often indeed the Virtues are the fame: In fome
Plants they are greateft from the Infuﬁon; but
then fome others loofe f0 much in drying, that
an Infuﬁon fcarce has any thing. But it is not
only as a Help in the Place of the other, that
this Preparation is to be ufed, for Infuﬁons are
very proper from many frefh Herbs; and are of
great Virtue from many dry ones, of which when
trefh, the Juice would have been worth little.

lnfuﬁons

WW!

"nxii .I,NTRODUCTION.

. Infuﬁions are the ﬁttei’t Forms for thofexHerbs
whofeleit-ies are light, and whofe Virtue is eaﬁly
cxtraélzedr: In this Cafe, hot Water poured upon
them takes up enough of their Virtue, and none
is ink in the Operation: Others require to be
boiled in the Water. From thefe are thus made
what we call Decoé‘fions : And as thefe laf’t would
not give their Virtues in Infuﬁon, fo the Others
would loofe it' all in the boiling. It would go
off with the Vapour. We know very well, that the
diil'ilied Water of any Herb, is only the Vapour
(if the boiled Herb :caught by proper VeiTels, and
condenfed to “Water : Therefore, whether it be
caught or let to ﬂy away, all that Virtue muﬁ: be
loft in‘boiling. It is from this, that fome Plants
are ‘ﬁt for Decoétions, and fome for Infulions,
There are fume, which if diiiilled give no Virtue
to the Water, and thefe are ﬁt for Decoﬂ‘ions,
which will retain all their Virtue, as Biitort, and
Tormentill Roots, and the like. On the contra—
ry, an Infuﬁon of Mint, or Pennyroyal, is of a
ﬁrong Taﬁe, and excellent Virtue; whereas, a
Decoe‘tion of thefe Herbs, is difagreeable or good
for nothing.

There are Herbs alfo, which have f0 little
Juice, that it Would be impoﬂible to get it out;
and otherswhofe Virtue lies in the Hulks, and Buds,
and this would be loft in the Operation. An In-
fuﬁon of thefe, is the right Way of giving them.
Thus Mother of Thyme is a dry little Herb, from
which it would be hard to get anyJuice, and when
gotten, it would polTefs very little of its Virtues;
but an Infuﬁon of Mother of Thyme poiTefTes it
entirely.

Infuﬁons are of two Kinds. They are either
prepared in Quantity, to be drank cold; or they

are drank as they are made, in the Manner of Tea.
This

‘INTRODUCTION. xXxiii

This lai’t Method is the belt, but People will not
be prevailed upon to do it, unlefs the Talk: of
the Herb be agreeable: For the Flavour is much
l’tronger hot, than it is cold;

Infulions in the Manner of Tea, are to be
made jult as Tea, and drank with a little Sugar:
The others are to be made in this Manner.

A Stone Jar is to be ﬁtted with a clofe Cover,
the Herb, whether frelh or dried, is to be 'cut to
pieces, and when the Jar has been fcalded out
with hot Water, it is to be put in: Boiling Water
is then to be poured upon it; and the Top is
to be ﬁxed on: It is thus to {land four, ﬁve, or
ﬁx Hours, or a whole Night, according to the Na:
ture of the Ingredient, and then to be poured
OFF clear. , '

It is impoﬂible to direét the Qiantity in general
for thefe Infuﬁons, becaufe much more of fome
Plants is required than of others: For the mofl:
Part, three Qlarters of an Ounce of a dried Plant,
or two Ounces of the frelh gathered. The bell:
Rule is to fuit it to the Patient’s Strength and Pa-
late. It is intended nut to be difagreeable, and to
have as much Virtue of the Herb as is neceﬁ'ary :
This is only to be knOwn in each Kind by Trial;
and the Virtue may be heightned, as well as the F la~‘
vour mended, by feveral Additions. Of thefe Su-
gar and a little White-Wine, are the mol‘t familiar,
but Lemon Juice is often very ferviceable, as we
ﬁnd in Sage Tea; and a few Drops of Oil/of Vi-
triol, gives Colour and Strength to a Tincture of
Rofes. Salt of Tartar makes many Infuﬁons
ﬁronger alfo than they would be, but it gives them
a very difagreeable Taﬂe. It is therefore ﬁt only
for fuch as are to be taken at one Draught, not for
fuch as are to be fwallowed in large Qpantities
Time after Time.

h Among,

 

"W ‘JFEWW‘T‘EWiWS’ '1, “RV" ' ' - ’ " ‘ 5":‘;‘E"x‘{f€¥-”;"“ a

.ﬁxxiv INTRODUCTION.
, Among the Herbs that yield their Virtues moft‘
~ 'commodiouﬂy by Infuﬁon, may be accounted
many of thoie which are peétoral, and good in
Coughs, as Colts—foot, Ground-ivy, and thelike;
the li-ght‘and aromatic, good in, nervous Difor-
ders, or. Mother of Thyme, Baum, and the like ;
the Bitters are alfo excellent in Infuﬁon, but very
difagreeable in Decoétion -, thus boiling Water
poured upon Roman Wormwood, Gentian Root,
and Orange Peel, makes a very excellent Bitter.
It need only i’tand till the Liquor is cold, and
may be then poured off for Ufe.

It is often proper to add fome purging In-
gredient to this bitter Infulion, and a little freﬂi
Pol’ypody Root excellently anfwers that Purpofe,
without fpoiling the Tafte of the Medicine.

Several of the Purging Plants alfo do very well
in Infuﬁon, as purging Flax, and the like; and
the frelh Root of Polypody alone is a very good
one} a little Lemon Juice added to the hit named
Infuﬁon does no Harm -, and it takes oﬁc what is
difagreeable in the Tafte, in the fame Manner as
it doEs from an Infuﬁon of Sena.

Thus we fee what a great Number of Purpofes
may be anfwered by Infuﬁons, and they are the

i mol’c familiar of all Preparations. Nothing is re-
quired, but pouring fome boiling Water upon
the Plants freih or dried, as already directed, and
pouring it oil" again when cold.

Decriftions are contrived to anfwer the Purpofe
of Infnﬁons upon Plants which are of f0 ﬁrm 3.
Texture, that they will not eaﬁly yield forth their

._ ‘ ufeful Parts. In thefe the Ingredients are to be

E boiled in-the Water -, as in the others, the boiling

Water was to be poured over them. In general,

Leaves, Flowers, and intire Plants, Whether frefh

% E , or dried, are ufed in Infuﬁons; and Roots and

Barks in Decoé‘tions.

:.

g,

E. An.
n"

 

INTRODUCTION: xxxv-

An earthen Pipkin, with a clofe Cover, is the
belt Veﬂ'el for preparing thefe; for many of thOfe
Medicines, which are little fufpec‘ted of it, will
take a Tinéture from the Metal ; and it would be
as improper to boil them in a Copper Pan, as it
is too common a Cuﬁom, as to beat the Herbs
and Roots in a metal Mortar. .

Frelh Roots are ufed in Decoé‘tion, as well as
thofe which are dried; and the Barks, and other
Ingredients in like Manner. When the frelh are
ufed, the Roots are to be cut into thin Slices, and
the Barks and Woods fhould be fhaved down;
as to the Leaves, and intire Plants, they need be

cut but ﬂightly. When dry Ingredients are ufed, ‘

the Roots and Barks are beﬂ: pounded to pieces,
and as to the Herbs and Flowers, little is to be
done to them, and in general, they are beft added
toward the End of the Decoftion.

It is always belt to let the Ingredients of a De—
coétion ftand in the Virater cold for twelve Hours,
before it is fet on the Fire, and then it fhould be
heated gradually, and afterwards kept boiling gently
as long as is neceﬁary : And this is to be propor-
tioned to the Nature of the Ingredients. Gene-
rally a (barter of an Hour is fuﬂicient, fometimes

.much longer is necelTary. They are then to be
ﬂrained of? while they are hot, preﬁing them hard,
and the Liquor fet by to cool: When they are
thoroughly cold, they are to be poured off clear
from the Settlement, for they always become clear
as they cool; and fweetened with a little Sugar.
Frequently alfo, it is proper to add to them a
little White-Wine, as to the Infuﬁons. ,

4

b2 CHAP.

,. f

(xxxvi INTRODUCTION.

"C H A P. IV.
Colleeming ij/Zillcd Waters, and other Pref/"a-
mtiom to be kept 2'72 [/26 HOZf/e’.’

I Shall bring the charitable Lady farther in this
Matter than perhaps [he was aware at the ﬁrlt
fetting out; but it will be with little Expence, and
little Trouble. She will ﬁnd, that I now intend
{he {hould keep a Sort of Chemif’t’s, or‘ at leal’t an
Apothecary’s Shop, as well as aDruggil’t’s -, but it
will be founded upon the fame Materials. No
Drugs brought from abroad, 01' to be purchafed
at a great Price, will have Place in it : They are
all Natives of our own Country; and the Prepa—
ration of thefe Medicines from them will coi’t only
a little Spirit, a little Sugar, and the Labour of
a Servant. ‘

That Spirit is belt which is called Moloﬁ’es Spi-
rit; it is to be bought at a fmall Price at the Dif’ril-
lers: And as to the Sugar, the molt ordinary loaf
Kind will do for molt l’urpofes: Where other is
necellary, it will be particularly named.

Few Families are without an Alembic or Still,
and that will be of material Service. With thatIn—
l’trument the ﬁmple Waters are to be made;
with no Expence beﬁde the Fire, and it will be
proper to keep thofe of the following Ingredients.

Mint Water, Pepper—mint Water, and Penny-
royal \Vater, are to be made of the dry Herbs.
Three Pound of each is to be put into the Still,
with four Gallons of Water, and two Gallons is
to be diltilled off. Milk \Vater is to be made
thus; :1 Pound and half of Spear; mint, a Pound of
Rue, half a Pound of Roman ‘Normwood, and
half 3 Pound of Angelica Leaves, are to be put

a into

' r: - - -~ . mum”? ,_ _ (
. . . .
_ - ~ Mfr-k .

INTRODUCTION. xxxvii

into the Still with five Gallons of Water, and
three Gallons are to be diﬁilled oﬂ’. Common
Mint Water is good in Sickneﬂ‘es of the Stomach,
Pepper—mint Water in Cholics, and Pennyroyal
to promote the Menfes. Milk Water is good in
Fevers, and to make Juleps. It ufed to be made
with Milk, butthat anfwers no Purpofe. Only,
one ﬁmple Water more need be kept, and that
for Cholics, it is‘beit made iof7zzmaz'c'a Pepper:
A Pound of “famm'm Pepper, is to be put into the
Still over Night,» with three Gallons of Water;
and the next Morning two Gallons of Water di-
Itilled oﬂ’. ' '

It has been cuf’tomary to keep a great many-
ﬁmple Waters, but thefe are all that are nece'f-
fary or proper. The other Herbs are better to
be given in Infulion and Decoétion.

As for Cordial Waters, they are made as the
others, only with the Addition of Spirit. It may
be proper to keep the following, and no more are
neceﬂixry.

1. Cinnamon Water; which is made by putting
into the Still a Pound of Cinnamon, 21 Gallon of
Spirit, and a Gallon of Water, and the next Day
diftilling oﬁ“ a'Gallon. This is good in Sicknefs.
at the Stomach, and is a ﬁne Cordial.

2. Spirituous Milk Water; made from a Pound,
of Spear-mint, half a Pound of Angelica, and a
(Luarter of :1 Pound of Roman Wormwood, all
green. To thefe is to be put a Gallon of
Spirit, and a Gallon of Water, and a Gallon to
be diﬂilled off ; to which is to be added, a Pint
of Vinegar: This is good to promote Sweat, and
is ufed inf’tead of Treacle Water, being better.

3. Strong Pennyroal Water, which is ufed in—
ﬁead of Hyﬁeric Water, in all hyflzeric Cafes,
and to promote the Menfes, and is made of a

‘ b 3 Pound

'xxxviii INTRODUCTION.

Pound and half of dry Pennyroyal, 3. Gallon of
Spirit, ’and ﬁx Qiarts of Water, drawing of a
Gallon. '-

4. Annifeed Water, which is good in the Cholic,
and is made with a Pound of Annifeed, a Pound
of Angelica Seed, and two Gallons of Spirit, with
one Gallon of Water, diﬁilling oﬂr two Gallons.
No more than thefe are neceﬁary: But before I
clofe this Article of diﬁilling, I ﬂiall add the
making of Lavender Water, Spirit of Lavender,
and ‘Hungary Water, which are Preparations of
the fame Kind, and very eafy. ‘

Lavender Water, is made from a Pound of
frefh Lavender Flowers, and a Gallon of Molof—
fe‘s Spirit, with two Quarts of Water; ﬁve Pints is
to be dif’tilled off. Hungary Water, is made of
a Pound and half of Rofemary Tops with the
Flowers, a Gallon of Spirit, and a Gallon of Wa~
ter, diﬁilling off ﬁve Pints: And to make the
Spirit of Lavender, or Palfy Drops, mix three
Pints of Lavender Water, and one Pint of Hun-
gary Water, and add to this half an Ounce of

'Cinnarnon, the fame Qiantity of Nutmegs, and

three Drains of red Saunders Wood, thefe are to
ﬁand together till the Spirit is well coloured.

This is all the family Practitioner will need
with diﬁilling: A lhort Account, but fulﬁeient.

As for Tinctures, which are a great Article
with the Apothecary and Chemif’t, making a great
Shew, and reallyvery ufeful ; I would have fe-
veral of them kept, and they are as ealily made
as the Waters, nay more eaﬁly. Moloﬂ‘es Spirit
is all that is neceiTary for this Purpole.

It would be well to keep Tinctures of all thole

. Roots and Barks, which are faid to be good dried

in the Courie of this work, for a Tincture will
genitain more or lefs of the Virtue of every one of
‘ thele,

. - ~.1“;,,,c,,..,,,,,._,,,y.{.mA \ “WWW“. i , , i . c c 7
, - ~ , ' , p, » . ‘

INTRODUCTION. xxxix

thefe, and be often convenient, where the Powder
or Decoftion could not be given. It is needlefs
to enumerate thefe, and one Rule of making,

ferves for them all: Two Ounces of the Ingredient .

is to be cut to thin Slices, or bru’ifed in a Mortar,

and put into a (wart of Spirit , it is to {tand a

Fortnight, in a Place a little warm, and be often
ﬂicok -, at the End of this Time, it is to be taken
our, {trained oﬂ’, and made to pafs through a
Funnel, lined with whitifh brown Paper, and put
up with the Name of the Ingredient. ,

To thefe Tinctures of the Englzﬂ Roots, Barks
and Seeds, it would be well to add a few made
of foreign Ingredients.

As, 1. The bitter Tinéture for the Stomach,
is made of two Ounces of Gentian, an Ounce of
dried Orange Peel, and half an Ounce of Carda-
mom Sceds, and 3. Quart of Spirit: Or it may
be made in White Wine, allowing two Quarts.

2. Tiné‘ture of Cal’tor, good in hyfteric Com-
plaints, and made with two Ounces of Carter and
a uart of Spirit.

3. Tincture of Bark, which will cure thofe who,

will not take the Powder, made of four Ounces
of Bark, and a Qiart of Spirit.

4. Tinéture of Soot for Fits, made with two
Ounces of Wood Soot, one Ounce of AiTafoetida,
and a Qlart of Spirit.~ .

5. Tinéttire of Steel, for the Stoppage of the
Menfes, made of Flowers of Iron four Ounces,
and Spirit a Chart.

6. Tincture of Myrrh, made of three Ounces
of Myrrh, and a Qiart of Spirit, good for curing
the Scurvy in the Gums.

7. Tincture of Rhubarb, made of two Ounces _

of Rhubarb, half an Ounce of Cardamom Seeds,
and a Qiarter of an Ounce of Saffron, with a
(hurt of Spirit. '

A b 4 8. Elixir

‘ "434...;

 

x1 LN'T‘RODUCTION.

8. Elixir Salutis, made of :1 Pound of—ﬁoncd
Raiﬁns, a Pound of Sena, an Ounce and a half
of Caraway Seeds, and half an Ounce of Carda-
moms, in a Gallon of Spirit.

9. Elixir of Vitriol, made of ﬁx Drams of
Cinnamom, three Drams of Cardamoms, two
Drams of long Pepper, and the fame of Ginger;
and a (hurt of Spirit: To a Pint of this Tint‘ture
ﬁrained clear off, is to be added four Ounces of
Oil of Vitriol: This is an excellent Stomachic.
Lafily, to th‘efe it may be well to add, the fa—
mous Fryars Balfain, which is made of three
Ounces of Benjamin, two Ounces of {trained Sto-
rax, one Ounce of Balfam of Tolu, half an
Ounce of Aloes, and a (hurt of Spirit of Wine,
fuch as is burnt under Lamps. This Spirit may
be made by putting :1 Gallon of Moloﬁes Spirit
into the Still, and‘drawing of? two (hurts, and
this will be ufeful for Spirit of Wine and Cam—
phire, which is made by diITolving an Ounce of
Camphire in a Qlart of the Spirit. Laﬁly, we
are to add what is called the AI’thmatic Elixir,
made with Flower of Benjamin and Opium, of
each a Dram, Camphire two Scruples, Oil of Ani—
feed forty Drops, Liquorice Root half an Ounce,
Honey one Ounce, and a (hunt of Spirit. This
is a gentle Opiate, and is much better in Fami-
lies than the f’trong Laudanum.

As to the Tinctures made with \Vhite—VVine
inf’tead of Spirit, a few are fuﬂicient. Steel W ine
is made of a @arter of 3 Pound of Filings of
Iron, and half an Ounce of Mace, and the fame
Quantity of Cinnamon, put into two Qlarts 0F
Rhenifh. Hiera Picra is made of half :1 Pound
ofAloes, two Ounces of \Vinters-Bark, and ﬁve.
Quarts of VVhite—W’ine. The ﬁrft is a Reﬁora-
tive Cordial and Strengthner; the latter is futli—

ckndy

INTRODUCTION. xli

clently known as a Purge. Laudanum is made-

of two Ounces of Opium, a Dram of Cloves,
and a Dram of Cinnamon, and a Pint of Wine.
Viper Wine is made of two Ounces. of dried Vipers,
and two (Qiarts of VVhite—Wine; and the Tinéture
of Ipecacuanha for a Vomit, of two Ounces of
that Root, half an‘Ounce of dry Orange Peel,
and a (Luart of Sack. Laﬁly, What is called
Elixir Proprietatis, is made of Aloes, Myrrh and
Saﬁron, of each an Ounce, Sal Armoniae ﬁx
Drams, and Salt of Tartar, eight Ounces in a
(QIart of Mountain-“Tine. '

Thefe are all the Tin€tures and \Nines that
need be kept in a Family, whofe Charity is de-‘
ligned to be very extenﬁve, the Expence of the
whole is a Triﬂe, not worth naming, and the Trou—
ble fearce any thing. Books are full of Direc-'
tions in particular for every Tinfture, as if every
one were to be made a different VV’ay; but the
belt Method is to give a good deal of Time and
frequent lhaking, and that will ﬁand in the Place
of Heat in molt Things of this Kind: Never-
thelefs, I advife, that they fhould ﬁandin a Room
where a Fire is kept while they are making; and
thofe which require Heat, that is, thofe that take
a Colour moft ﬂowly, are to be placed neareﬂ: to
rt.

Eafy as thefe are, they are by far the molt dif-
ﬁcult Part of the Talk, the relt is as it were
nothing. Conferves, Syrups, and Ointments, will
be wanting, but in the fame Manner one Direc-
tion will ferve for the making the whole Aflort-
nent of each, and the Ingredients will be at
hand. As to Plaiftels, in general they do more
I larm than Good. Surgeons at this Time make
very little [Hit of them; and in the Courfe of this
Work, many Herbs will be named, the bruifed
7 ' Leaves

E
E
E

 

‘ l ' T‘R’NMWHWW,” ‘ ‘3"??? '""“»"‘:“‘”‘§“ "W'WN
' r‘ \ ’ ‘ . ‘i r
s l‘ -

 

xiii INTRODUCTION.

Leaves of which are better than all the Plaiﬁers
in the World.

Conferves {hould be made of Rue, Mint, Scur-
Vy-Grafs, Wood Sorrcll, and Roman Wormwood.
As to the four ﬁrf‘c, the Leaves are to be picked
off from the Stalks, and beaten up with three

‘Times the Weiorht of Sugar. The Tops of the

young Shoots o the latter are to be cut off, and
they are to be beat up in the fame Manner. In
the Coulfe of this Work, many Plants will be
named, the green Tops of which contain their
Virtue, thefc ‘may all be made into Conferves in
the fame Manner, or as many of them added to
thofe here named, as lhall be thought proper.

ConferVes of the Flowers of Rofemary, lVIal—
lows, Archangel, and Lavender, are to be made
alfo in the fame Manner, and of red Rofe Buds.
Thefe laﬁ are to be picked from the Hulk, and
the white Heels are to be cut of. They are all
to be beat up with three Times their Weight of
Sugar, and in the fame Manner may be made
Conferves of Cowﬂip Flowers, and of thofe of
many other Plants mentioned in the following
Pages.

The outer Rinds of Seville Oranges and Le—
mons, are alfo to be made into Conferves in the
fame Manner, beating them ﬁri’t to :1 Pulp, and
then adding the Sugar, and to thefe muﬂ: be ad— .
ded the Conferve of Hips and Sloes, which are to
be made in a particular Manner. The Hips are
to be gathered when fully ripe, afterwards fet by
in a Cellar, till they grow very foft; then they are
to be laid upon the Back of a large Hair—Sieve, a
Diih being put underneath, they are to be broke
with the Hand or a wooden Pef’cle, and rubbed
about till all the {oft Matter is forced through the
Hair-Cloth, the Seeds and Skins only remainincr.

‘ This

INTRODU_CTIO“N.' Xliii
This {oft Matter is to be weighed, and' to be
beat up in a Mortar with twice its Weight of

Loaf-Stigar, ﬁrl’t pewdered. .
Sloes are to be gathered when they are mode-

rarely ripe, and they are to be fet over the Fire'

in Water, till they fwell and are foftened, but not
till the Skin burils; they are then to be laid upon
a Sieve, and the loft Matter driven through as
in the other Cafe, and three Times the (luantity
of Sugar is to be mixed with this, that it may
make a Conferve by beating together.

Syrups are to be made of many Ingredients:
They may be made indeed of any Infulion, with
Sugar added to it in a due (hiantity; and the

Way to add this, f0 that the Syrups {hall keep

and not candy, is to proportion the Sugar to the ,

Liquor very exactly. One Rule will ferve for all
this Matter, and fave a great deal of Repetition.
The Liquor of which a Syrup is to be made,
may be the Juice of fome Herb or Fruit, or a
Decoétion, or an Infuﬁon; which ever it be, let it
ﬂand till quite clear, then to every Wine Pint
of it, add a Pound and three Qiarters of Loaf
Sugar, firl‘t beat to powder: Put the Sugar and
the Liquor together, into an earthen Pan that
will go into a large Saucepan, put Water in the
Saucepan, and let it over the Fire. Let the Pan
f’tand in it, till the Sugar is perfectly melted,
fcuming it all the Time, then as foon as it is
cold, it may be put up for Ufe, and will keep
the Year round without Danger.

This being fet'down as the general Method of
making the Liquor into a Syrup, the rell: of the
Defcriptions of them will be eafy, They are to
be made in this Manner. . For Syrup of Cloves,
weigh three Pounds of Clove July Flowers picked
from the Hufks, and with the white Heels cut

' I 0E:

 

__.1__L__‘_\_L.L_‘ t _ L. ,A A.

ﬁv INTRODUCTION

oﬁ': Pour upon them ﬁve Pints of boiling Water.
Let them ﬁand all Night, and in the Morning
pour 0Hr the clear Liquor, and make it into a
Syrup as directed above : In the fame Manner are
to be made the Syrups of Violets and red Poppies;
But lefs of the Violet Flowers will do, and more
of the Poppies may be added: Thus alfo are to be
made, the Syrups of Damafk Rofes, Peach Biof-
foms, Cowﬂip Flowers, and many others which
will be recommended for that Purpofe in this
Book. ‘

Syrup of Buckthorn, is to be made by boiling
theJuice down to half its Quantity, with a little
CinnamOn, Ginger, and Nutmeg, and then adding
the Sugar.

The Syrups of Lemon Juice, Mulberries, and
the like, zire to be made with :1 Pound and
half of Sugar to every Pint of the clear Juice,
which is to be melted as in the former Manner.

Syrup of Garlic, Leeks, Orange Peel, Lem—
mon Peel, Mint, and many other Things, are
to be made of ﬁrong Infuﬁons of thofe Ingre—
dients, made as before directed, with the ﬁrfl men-
tioned Qiaiitity of Sugar added to them, when
they have l’cood to fettle.

Syrup ofMathmallows, and of Poppy Heads,
and fome Others, are to be made in the fame Man—
ner with the ﬁrongeii; l)eco€tions that can poﬂibly
be made from thofe Ingredients, with the fame
Quantity of Sugar, as is ﬁrl’t mentioned.

Syrup of Balfam, is made by boiling a (hunter
of :1 Pound of Balfom of Tolu, in a Pint and half
of Water in a clofe VefTel, and then making the
W'ater into a Syrup, with the ufual Qiantity of

Sugar: And thus may be made Syrups of any

of the Balfams.

Syrup

L4, ,

INTRODUCTION. ‘xlv

Syrup of Saffron, is made of a ﬁrong Tinéture
of Saffron in Wine. An Ounce of Saﬂ’ron being
put to a Pint of Mountain, and this when {train-
ed off, is to be made into a Syrup, with the
ufual Quantity of Sugar.

At one Time it was a Cuﬁom to keep a Quan-
tity of Syrups of a particular Kind under the
Name of Honeys. They were made with
Honey inﬁead of Sugar, and fome of them,
which had Vinegar in- the Compoﬁtion, were
called Oxymels. A few of the ﬁrl’t Kind, and
very few, are worth keeping, and~ two or three
of the latter, for they have very particular Vir-
tues. The Way of making them is much the
fame with that of making Syrups, but to be ex«
2161, it may be proper qut to give fome Inﬁance
of it.

Honey of Rofes is the molt ufeful, and it is to
be made of an Infuﬁon of the Flowers and Honey
in this Manner. Cut the white Heels from fome
red Rofe Buds, and lay them to dry in a Place
where there is a Draught of Air; when they are
dried, put half 3. Pound of them into a Stone
Jar, and pour on them three Pints of boiling W'a-
ter; ﬁir them well, and let them {land twelve
Hours; then prefs off the Liquor, and when it
has fettled, add to it ﬁve Pounds of Honey, boil
it well, and when it is of the Conﬁl’tence of a.
thick Syrup put it by for Ufe. It is good againf’t

fore Mouths, and on many other Occaﬁons. In the , '

fame Manner may be made the Honey of any
Flower; or with the Juice of any Plant thus mix-
ed with Honey and boiled down, may be made
what is called the Honey of that Plant. As to
the Oxymels, they are alfo made in a very uni-
form Manner. The following are f0 ufeful, that
‘ It
I

 

.xI‘vi INTRODUCTION.

it will be proper always to keep them in Readi-
nefs.

For Oxymel of Garlic, put half a Pint of Vi—
negarinto an earthen Pipkin, boil in it a (luarter
of an Ounce of Caraway Seeds, and the fame
Quantity of fweet Fennel Seeds, at laﬂ: add an
0unce,and half of frelh .Garlic Root ﬂiced thin;
let it boil a Minute or two longer, then cover it
up to {land till cold, then prefs out the Liquor,
and add ten Ounces of Honey, and boil it to a
Conﬁf’tence.

F or Vinegar of Squills, put into a Pint of Vis
negar three Ounces of dried Squills, let it {land
two Days in a gentle Heat, then prefs out the
Vinegar, and when it has ﬂood to lettle, add 3.
Pound and a half of Honey, and boil it to a
Conﬁflzence. Both thefe are excellent in Al‘thma’s.

To thefe alfo fhould be added, the com-
mon ﬁmple Oxymel, which is made of a Pint of
Vinegar, and two Pounds of Honey boiled toge-
ther to the Conﬁﬁence of a Syrup.

Finally, as to Ointments, nothing can be To
cafy as the making them of the common Herbs,
and the Expence is only fo much Hogs-Lard. ‘
The Lard is to be melted, and the frefh gathered
Leaves of the Herb are to be chopped to pieces,
and thrown into it: They are to be boiled till
the Leaves begin to feel crilp, and then the Lard
is to be {trained 03'. It will be green, and will
have the Virtues of the Herb, and mull be cal-
led Ointment of fuch an Herb. To thefe Ifhall
take the Opportunity of adding the Way of mak—
ing two or three more, which though not the
Produce of Egg/2]?) Herbs are very ufeful, and our
charitable Shop lhould not be without them.

' I. The White Ointment, called'Unguentum.
This is made by melting together four Ounces of
White

INTRODUCTION. xlvii
white Wax, and three Ounces of Sperma Ceti, in a
Pint of Sallad Oil, and adding, if it be deﬁr-'
ed, three. Ounces of Cenefs, and a Dram and
half of Camphire: But it is better for all com-
mon'Purpofes without thefe.

2. Yellow Baﬁlicon, which is made by melting
together yellow Wax, Reﬁn, and Burgundy Pitch,
of each half a PoUnd, in a Pint of Oil of Olives,
and adding three Ounces of Turpentine. ’

3. Black Baﬁlicon, which is made by melting
together in a Pint of Olive Oil, yello’w Wax,
Reﬁn and Pitch, of each nine Ounces. - ,

4. The Mercurial Ointment, which is thus
made: Rub together in an Iron Mortar, a Pound
of Qiickﬁlver, and an Ounce of Turpentine,-
when they are well mixed, add four Pounds of
Hogs—Lard melted, and mix all thorougly toge-
ther. The Ointment of Tutty is prepared with
levigated Tutty, and as much Vipers Fat as will
make it into a {oft Ointment; thefe are only to
be mixed together upon a Marble, by working
them with a thin Knife. This is for Diforders
of the Eyes, the foregoing for the Itch, and ma—
ny other Complaints, but it mui’t be ufed cautiouﬂy.
And thofe which were before named for old Sores.

Of the fame Nature with the Ointments, are;
in fome Degree, the Oils made by Infuﬁon of
Herbs and Flowers in common Oil. Thefe are
alfo very eaﬁly prepared, and an Ini’tance or two '
will ferve to explain the making of them all.
T he moi’t regarded among thefe, is the Oil of
St. John’s-wort, and that is thus made, pick clean
a quarter of a Pound of the Flowers of com-
mon St. John’s—wort, pour upon them a Quart
of Olive Oil, and let them Ptand together
till the Oil .is of a reddilh Colour. Oil of
Elder is made of a Pound of Elder Flowers,

4 which

 

 

 

“""r W. »_ awmrf " 7 ~ '

_""“"'V_K“'TW rt

 

alviii INTRODUCTION.

which are to be put into a (luart of Olive Oil,

'and boiled till they are crifp, and the Oil is to

be then ,l’trained oti‘. \ . .

i 3., What is called the Green Oil, is thus made,
bruife in a marble Mortar, three Ounces of green
Chamomile, with the fame Qiantity of Bay
Leaves, Sea Wormwood, Rue, and Sweet Mar:

joram; then boil them in a uart of Oil of

Olives, till they‘are a little crifp. The Oil is
then to be poured off, and when cold put up for
Ufe.

Thefe Oils are ufed to rub the Limbs when
there is Pain and Swellings; their Virtues will be
found at large, under the feveral Herbs which
are the principal Ingredients: And after one or
other of thefe 2Methods, may be made the Oil
by Infuﬁon, or by boiling of any Plant, or of
any Number of Plants of like Virtue.

Laﬁly, tho’ Herbs are now left out of the Com-
poﬁtion of Plail’ters, even the Melelot being now
made without the Herb from which it was ﬁrl’t
named: It may be proper ‘to add the Way of
preparing a few that are molt ufeful, and ought
to be kept in Families. .

I. The Common Plaiﬁzer is thus made; boil
together a Gallon of Oil, ﬁve Pounds of powder-
ed Litharge, and a Qiart and four Ounces of
Water. When the “later is boiled away, the
ref: will be united into a Plaif’ter, but it mul‘r be
ﬂirted all the Time : This ufed to be called Dia—
chylon. To make Diachylon with the Gums, add
to a Pound of the lal’t defcribed, two Ounces of
Galbanum, and an Ounce of common Turpentine,
and the fame Quantity of Frankincenfe. Melt
them all together, the Gums firfl, and then add
the Plaif’ter.

2. For

INTRODUCTIONV xlix

2. For a ﬁrengthning Plaiﬁer, melt two Pounds
of the common Plaifter, .and add. to it half a .-
l’ound of Frankincenfe, and three. Ounces of.~
Dragons Blood. A .

3. For a drawing Plaif’ter, melt together yellow .
Wax, and yellow Reﬁn, of each three Pounds,"
and a Pound of Mutton Suet. This is ufed . iii-7
ltead of the old lVIelilot Plail’ter to drefsnBliﬁers ;.
and the Blil’ter Plaif’ter itfelf is made of it, only"-E
by adding half 21 Pint of Vinegar, 'andfa Pound?
of Spmzz'ﬂy F lies in Powder, to two Pounds, of it,“
iuf‘t as it begins to coo1 from melting. The:
-Quicldilver Plailter is thus made; rub three-
Ounces of Qlickﬁlver, with a Dram of Balfam’
of Sulphur, till it no longer appear in Globules,
then pour in a Pound of the Common Plail’ter
melted, and mix them well together, . ..

To clofe this Chapter, I lhall add awfew Wa-
ters made without Diﬁtillation, which are ver
cheap and very ferviceable, .and the-Family Shop-
will then be quite compleat. \ ' '

1, Lime Water. This is made by pouring gra—
dually ﬁx Quarts of Water upon ,a Pound of
Quick Lime; when it has I’cood to be clear, it
mutt be poured off. If a Pound of Lignuszﬁe
\Vood, an Ounce of Liquorice Root, and half
an Ounce of Saﬁ'aﬁ‘as Bark be added to three (Ami-ts
of Lime Water, it is called compound Lime Wa-
ter; and is excellent in Foulneffes of the Blood. .

2. The Blue EyeW'ater. This is made by put--
ting r1 Dram of 54! Ammonia into a Pint of Lime,
Water, and letting it {land in a Brafs Veﬂel, till
it is of a Sky Blue Colour. . , . .

g. Alum \Vater is made by boiling half an
ounce of white Vitriol, and the fame Quilti-
ty of Al um in 3 Quart of “Tater, till they are difg
folvcd, ‘

..

9-. "Th:

 

 

 

 

1 INTRODUCTION.

Thus have we defcribed all the Drugs and Com-
poﬁtions‘ that need be kept in the charitable Shop
of the 'F amily; which intends to relieve a Neigh—
botIrhoo'd of Poor in their greatel’t of all Dil’tref-
Tesrthat of Sicknefs. The Difeafes 'for .which
thefe Remedies are to be ‘ufed, will be found
enumerated at large under the feveral Heads
of the principal ilhgredients, as defcribed in the
fucceeding Pages. It only remains to fay a few
Words aboilt the Manner of puting thefe' Things
molt conveniently together, and we then elhall
haye prepared for all that follows. '

 

CHAP. V.

Conpgmiﬁg the ﬁg]! Methods qf putting Altair;
' finer togétﬁerfor preﬁx: taking. '

I N the ﬁrﬁ Place, although thefe feveral Forms
of Syrups, Conferves, and the like, have been
named, as what will be fometimes necelTary. The
great Praftice in the Country will lie in the Infu-
ﬁons and DecOétions of the frelh Plants and
Roots. ' ‘ i ‘ i
The Strength of thefe Infuﬁons and Decoé‘tions,
is to be propOrtioned to the Tal’te: For as they are
made to be fwallowed in Qiantities, if they be
made To f’trong as to be very difagreeable, that
End will be defeated: They may be rendered more
pleafant by fweetening them with Sugar, about an
Ounce of which is to be allowed to a (kart; and
occaﬁoually a little White Wine, or a ﬁnall Qum-
tity of fome of the Cordial \Vaters may be added
to them. The Dofe of either Decoétion or Infu-
ﬁon, will be in general about half a Pint, except
igihere they are intended to purge or vomit ;. there
' “ they

INTRODUCTION; 13
they mull be more carefully and exactly propor-
tioned to_the_ Strength, than can be told in this
general” Mamet. , t. .

Of the Simple Waters, about a Qiarter of a '
Pint is a Dofe, and of the COrdial Waters, lefs
than half that Chiantity.‘ p Thefe may be occaﬁon—
ally given alone; but they are mof’tly intended
for mixing with other Ingredients.

The Tinctures are to be given in Drops, from
ten to an hundred, according to their Strength
and Nature: But to name a general Dofe, it is
about ﬁve and twenty Drops; Thefe hbweVCr Will
be alfo more ferviceable in Mixtures, than ﬁng-

Of the purging Tinctures in Wine, and the
1E)lixirSalutis, three, fbur, or more Spoonfuls is the
ofe. ‘

It would be well to keep Tinctures of many of
the Roots recommended in nerv0us Cafes, as Cor;
dials, Al’tringents, and of many other Kinds; and
alfo to keep Powders of thefe R00ts in Readinefs :
And thus the common Forms of Medicines, as
fent from. Apbthecaries, Will be very eafy.

For a Julep, ﬁx Ounces of one of the Simple
Water's, two Ounces of one of the Corn-pound
Waters, or thofe made with Spirit, two» Drams of
a Syrup, and ﬁfty Drops of a Tincture, make a
very agreeable one; Thus fOr an hyﬁeric Julep,
let the Simple Water be Pennyroyal, the ﬁrong’
Water the {’trong Pennyroyal, the Syrup that of
Saffrtm, and the Tinéture of Caf’tor, and it is a.
very pleafant Julep; and lb of all the rel’t. If a
Pearl Cordial be deﬁred, it is only mixing the
Simple and {trong Waters without Syrup or Tinc—
ture, and adding two Drams of Sugar, and half
2 Drain“ of levigated Oyfter-Ihells. The Apotheu
caries will nor be pleafed with this dil’clciirag
the Myﬁeries of their Profeﬂion, but the public:

c 2 11-} god,

 

 

F:
E
F:
.5,
5 ,
1.. .
1

mm”?! 3.1-:

at INTRODUCTION

Good is of mOre Confequence than his PleaJ
fure. - -

' Draughts are only little Juleps, with morepow—
erful Ingredients added to them. An Ounce and
half of a Simple Water, three Drams of p a itrong
Water, one Dram of a Syrup, and forty Drops
of a Tincture, makes a Draught; but to thefe
may be added aSimple of fome Power to in-
creafe the Virtue. .What Waters, Tinctures, Sy—
rups or Powders {hall be ufed, will be deter—
mined from the Cafe itfelf. - »

~ Bolufes are made with thefe Powders in a
certain Dofe. A Scruple or half a Dram, is
made into a fort of Paﬁe with Syrrup. ‘The‘
Cuﬁom is to cover it with a little Leaf-Gold,
but this is better let alone : Some ilfe Leaf-Brafs
which is abominable.

Eleé‘tuaries are to be made of Powders, Con-
ferves and Syrups, they differ from Bolufes in this,
as well as in the Size, that the Dofe is fmaller, al—
though the Piece taken be as large ; which is ow-
ing to the Conferve, that having in general little
Virtue in comparifon of the other Ingredients.
This is the Form mof’t convenient for Medicines
that are to be taken for a Continuance of Time,
and the Dofe of which needs not be fo very punc-
tually regarded. -

Thus for an Eleéttiary againft an habitual Loofe—
nefs, when it exceeds the proper Bounds, mix
together an Ounce of Conferve of Red Rofes, and
ﬁx Drums of Syrup of Cloves, add to thefe two
Drams of powdered Biftort Root, one Dram of
powdered ’l‘ormentill, and half a Dram of toaﬁed
Rhubarb. This makes an Elet‘l‘uary, a Piece of
which, of the Bignefs of a Nutmeg, taken once in
two Days, will check the Abundance of Stools,
Without ﬂopping the cui’tomary Loofenefs intirely:

It

IN TREUD U c TI 0 N.« Hit
It “will alfof' be a pleafarit Medicine. If a Draught
of Tinéture'df Rofes, which will be defcribed in
the follOwing Part of this Work, under the Ar-
ticle Red Role, be taken after this, it will increafe’
the Power. a
In this Manner the charitable Lady may fupply
the Place of the Apothecary, to thofe who could
not afford fuch Afﬁﬁance : And Experience is fo
good a Guide, that fhe will be able in molt Cafes
to fave the Expence of the Doftor alfo: And there
will be this Satisfaction in her own Mind, that
while {he deals principally with thofe innocent
Sort of Medicines which the Fields afford her,
fhe will be in very little Danger of doing Harm.
The galenical Phyfic perhaps will be found ef-
fec’tual in many more Cafes, by thofe who ftick
to it folely, than they are aware who do not
ufe it; as to the Mifchief of Medicine, that is al- ,
mofi entirely chemical. It would be idle to fay,
that chemical Medicines do not do great Good; but
they require to be in fkillful Hands: When the
Ignorant employ them, Death is more likely to
be the Confequence, than the Relief from the Dif-
order any other Way. ' .
One ufeful Obfervation may ferve well to clof'e
this Introduction. Opiates, and lVIedicines of that
kind, to compofe Perfons to ref’t, and to take 0H"
Pain, will be often neceffary; but as they are the
mof’t powerful Medicines the charitable Practi-
tioner will have to do withal, they are the moft ca4
pable of hoing Harm : The great Care will there-
fore lie in the right Ufe of thefe. '
As there are three different Preparations de-
fcribed in this Book for anﬁvering this Purpofe,
befide the Opium, and that Solution of it in Wine,‘
which is called Laudanum, I would advife that
thefe two latter be 11de very feldom. A Syrup
made

 

139 INTRODUCTION.

‘r'nade of the Juice of the Wild Lettuce, is an cit;
eellent Medicine; the Syrup of Diawdium; which
is made of a ﬂrong Decoé‘tio‘n of Poppy Heads,
is a little ﬁronger than this; and if foinething
more powerful than thefe is required, there is the
aﬁhmatic Elixir.- One or other of thefe may al-
moft on every Occaﬁon ferve the Purpofe -, and
it is almoﬂ: impoﬂible that the Ufe of: them
fhould be attended with Danger. I Would there-
fore advife, that Opium or Laudanum be very
rarely ufed: Perhaps it might be well to fay,
not ufed at all, for the others will be able in al-
moi’c all Cafes, if not univerfally,‘ to anfwcr the
Purpole;

 

1‘ H E

- » m 37 W1" NW"? 53:; " j / )miié
.. T ,5“ 7. :1, Q V ; ._, ' I‘ , t. _ \ ;- ,_,
‘ " ' W 153%“ ~ ~<
x . Q ,' , 7/ . ‘ .
« - ‘ . / §, _k’1\ ‘ r

      
  
 

   

=(,\
O

K
C",

, :5 , -‘\. i" ’
(‘y /_ 41,,“ ./// ,

k c: "'u“ Em
A‘ .‘r. p .
‘ . i
('9.

THE

Ufeful Family H E R B A L. i

A.-
ACACIA TRE E;

ACACIA VERA SIVE SPINA
IEGYPTIACA;

ngw‘ngE ﬂma’cz is a large but not tall

» Tree, with prickly Branches: The .
a 3. Leaves are winged, or compofed of
7:) feveral fmallones fet on each Side a
[1? middle Rib; and the Flowers are
The Trunk is thick, and the Top fpread-

      
  

 

  

    
 

  
 

; m
yellow.
ing.
The Leaves are of a bluiﬂi Green, and the
Flowers refemble in Shape Pea BlolToms; many’
of them ﬁand together. Thefe are fucceeded by
long and ﬂatted Pods. The Seeds contained in
each are from four to feven, and the Pod between
them is very fmall and narrow; the Breadth is
where they lie.
The Tree is frequent in Egypt, and there are
a great many other kinds of it. No Part of the
B Acacia

 

 

,2 72m U/éfal Famibi Heréal.
ﬂcacia Tm? isiik‘ept in the Shops, but we have
from it two Drugs.~ 7‘ -

I. The Acacia j‘uire, and 2. The Gum mama

The Acacia‘Juice or Sacra: Acacia is like Liquo-
rice Juice, hard and black. They bruife the un-
ripe Pods and Seeds, and prefs out the Juice which
they evaporate to this Conﬁdence. The Gum
Arabirk ouzes out of the Bark of the Trunk and
Branches, as the Plum-Tree and Cherry-Tree Gum
do with us.

The Acacia Juice is an Aﬁringent but little
ufed. The Gum Arabick is good in Stranguries,
and in Coughs from a thin fharp Rheum; it is
to be given in Solution an Ounce boiled in a
Qiart of Barley-water, or in Powder in Eleé‘tuaries
or otherwife.

What is called the German ﬂcacia is the Juice
of unripe Slots evaporated in the fame Manner.

ACONITE.

ANTHORA SIVE ACONITUM SALU-
TIFERUM.

THere are many poifonous Aconites, not ufed;

but there is one medicinal and kept in the
Shops: This is called the wholefome Aconite and
Antithora.

It is a fmall Plant, a Foot high, with pale
green divided Leaves and yellow Flowers. It
grows erect, and the Stalk is ﬁrm, angular, and
hairy; the Leaves do not ﬁand in Pairs. The
Flowers are large and hooded and of a pleafant
Smell; the Seed—veﬁels are membranaceous, and the
Seeds black; the Root is tuberous, it fometimes
conﬁﬁs of one Lump or Knob, fometimes of more.
It is a Native of Germany, but we have it in Gar-
dens. The R00: is the only Part ufed; it is ﬂap-

3 . poled

7.63 Uféfu] Famiév Heréal‘. 3
pofed to be a Remedy againft Poifons, but it is
not much regarded at this Time.

ADDER’s-TONGUE.
OPHIOGLOSSUM.

ADder’s-tongue is a little Plant common in our

Meadows. It con-lifts of a {ingle Leaf, with
a little Spike of Seeds riﬁng from its Bottom,
which is fuppofed to ref'emble the Tongue of a
Serpent.

The Leaf is of an oval Shape, and of a fine
bright green Colour; it is thick and ﬂelhy, and
has no Ribs or Veins. The Stalk on which it ftands
rifes from at Root compofed of [mail Fibres, and
is four Inches or more high. T he Spike rifes to
about the fame Height above it ,1 And the Tongue
or Seed-veffel is notched on each Side. The whole
Plant is buried among the Grafs, and mul’c be
fought in'Aprz'Z and May, for it dies of? foon after;
and nothing is feen of it till the next Seafon.

It is a ﬁne cooling Herb, and an excellent
Ointment is made from it. The Leaves are to
be chopped to Pieces, and four Pounds of them
are to be put into three Pounds of Sewet and one
Pint of Oil melted together. The whole is to be
boiled till the Herb is a little crifp, and then the
Ointment is to be {trained 03", it will be of a beam-
tiful Green. Some give the Juice of the Plant, or
the Powder of the dried Leaves, inwardly in
Wounds ; but this is triﬂing.

AGRIMONY.
AG RIMONIA.

A Common Engli/b Plant: It ﬂowers in the
midl’t of Summer. It grows to at Foot or
more in Height, the Leaves are winged, and the
B 2 " Flowers

4. The -.Uﬁful FamzZy Heréal'.
Flowers'are yellow. The Root isperennial, the
Leaves are hairy, of a pale Green, and notchedat
the Edges; the Stalk is ﬁngle, ﬁrm, and round;
the Flowers {land in a long Spike, they are fmall
and numerous, and the Seed-veﬂ‘els which fuc-
ceed them are rough'like Burrs. The Plant is com-
mon about Hedges. .

. ’The Leaves are ufed freIh or dried; they have
been recommended in the Jaundice; but they are
found by Experience to be good in the Diabetes
and Incontinence of Urine. The Plant is alfo one
of the famous vulnerary Herbs, and an Ingredi—
cnt in the right Arquebufade Water.

BLACK ALDER.
ALNUS NIGRA. FRANGULA.

HE black Alder is alittle Shrub: The Shoots

are brittle, ﬁender, and covered with a brown
Bark; the Leaves are roundifh, of a bright Green ;
and veined; they terminate in a Point. The
Berries are large and black, they are ripe in
Autumn; the Flowers which precede thefe are
linall and inconfiderable, they are whitilh and
lland on fhort Stalks.

The Shrub. is frequent in moif’t Woods, and
the Berries are fometime‘s mixt among thofe of the
Buckthorn by fuch as gather them for Sale, but
this fhould be prevented.

- ‘ ‘No Part of the black Alder is ufed in Medicine
"except the inner Rind; this is yellow; and is a
good Purge; the belt Way to give it is in a De—
coCtion. Boil an Ounce ofit in a Qiart of Water;
and throw in at lealt two Drachms of Ginger and
lbme Caraway—feeds; let the Patient proportion
theCLu-antity to his Strength : It is excellent in the
Jaundice. In ‘Z'zm‘ljlrim they bruife the Bark with

2 Vinegar,

-.-

The U ﬂﬂt/ Famigi vHéréal. 5
Vinegar, and ufe it outwardly for the Itch, which
it cures very fafely. “ '

ALEH'o’or OR GaouN‘D-IVY.
HEDERA TERRESTRIS. -

Low Plant that creeps about Hedges 'and
ﬂowers ,in Spring. The Stalks " are hollow
and fquare, a Foot or more in Length ; the Leaves
are roundifh and notched at the Edges: In Spring
they are ufually of a purplifh Colour,‘ and- the
Flowers are blue; the Leaves {tand two at each.
Joint, and the Roots are ﬁbrous. The Whole
Plant has a peculiar and ﬂrong Smell, iilhould
be gathered when in Flower. " . '
It is an excellent Vulnerary, outwardly or in,
wardly ufed; a Conferve may be made of it in
Spring: And it may be given by Way of Tea.
It is excellent in all Diforders of the Breafl: and
Lungs, and in thofe of the Kidnies, and againl’t
bloody and foul Urine, ‘

ALLHEAL 0R CLOWN’s ALLHEAL.

PANAX COLONI.

ACommon Herb in our wet Grounds with long
hairy Leaves and little red Flowers. It grows
to a Foot and a half high, but the Stalk is weak;
fquare, and hairy: The Leaves f’tand two at a
joint, and are (if a pale Green notched at the
Edges, and of a ﬁrong Smell ; the Flowers ﬁand
in Clul’ters roundthe Stalk at the Joints. They
are like thofe of the Dead—nettle'kind’but fmaller
the Root is perennial and creeps. '
It is an excellent Wound Herb, but muf’t be
ufed frefh. The Leaves are to be bruifed and
laid upon a new-made Wound; without any Ad-
dition 5 they ﬂop the Bleeding, and cure.
7 B 3 ALMOND-F

6 77.78 quI Famigy Herﬁal.

ALMOND-TREE.
AMY GDALUS.

BITTER and fweet Almonds are very dif-

ferent in Taﬁe, but the Tree which produ-
ces them is the fame; ‘it is diﬁinguiihable at leafl:
only by the Tafte of the Almond.

’Tis' a moderately large Tree with long nar:
row Leaves, of a beautiful Green, and notched
at thc‘Edges; the Bloﬂ'oms are large, of a pale
red Colour, and very beautiful. The Fruit is com-
pofed of three Parts, a tough Matter on the
Outﬁde, a Stone within that, and in this Shell
the Almond by Way of Kernel. They cultivate
Almond-Trees in France and Italy. S

Sweet Almonds are excellent in Emulﬁons, for
Stranguries and all Diforders of the Kidneys and
Bladder; they ought to be blanched and beat up
with Barley—Water into aLiquor like Milk, this
is‘ alfo good in fmaller Quantities for People in
Confumptions and Hefticks.

Bitter Almonds are ufed for their Oil; this
taftes fweet, and what is called Oil of fweet
Almonds, is commonly made of them. But the
Cakes left after.Preﬁing afford by Diﬁillation a
Water that is poifonous, in the fame Manner as

Laurel—Water.

THE ALOE-PLAN T.
ALOE.

THERE are a great many kinds of the Aloe
preferred in our Green—Houfes and Stoves.
They are all Natives of warmer Climates, but of
thefe there are only two that need be mentioned here,
as the Aloe kept by Apothecaries, though of three

kinds, is the Produce of only two Species. Thefe
two

The Uﬂfzzl. fqmigz Heréal. 7
two are the Socotrine Aloe—Plant and the com—
mon Aloe. _ . .

The Socotrine Aloe is a very beautiful Plant;
the Leaves are like thofe of the Pine—apple,
eighteen or twenty Inches long, prickly at the
Sides, 'and armed with ‘a large Thorn at the
End. The Stalk is half a Yard high or more,
naked at the Bottom, but ornamented at Top
with a long Spike of Flowers; thefe are of along
Shape and hollow, and of a beautiful red Colour.

The Socotrine or ﬁnef’t Aloes is produced from.
this Plant; the Leaves are preITed gently and the
Juice received in earthen VelTels : It is fet to fettle
and then dried in the Sun.

The common Aloe is a very ﬁne Plant; the
Leaves are above two Feet long and an Inch thick,
they are dented at the Edges and prickly, and
have a very {harp Thorn at the Point. The
Stalk, when it ﬂowers, is ﬁve or ﬁx Feet high,
and divided into feveral Branches-,‘the Flowers are
yellow {freaked with green.

From the Juice of the Leaves of this Plant
are made the Hepatic and the Caballine Aloes;
the Hepatick is made from the clearer and ﬁner
Part of the Juice, the C aballine from the coarfe
Sediment. ,

The Socotrine Aloes is the only kind that
{hould be given inwardly; this may be known,
from the others, by not having their oﬁ'enﬁve
Smell. It is a molt excellent Purge, but it mull
not be given to Women with. Child, nor to thofe
\s ho fpit Blood, for it may be fatal, The bell
\Vay of giving it is in the Tinéture of Hiera
Picra. ,

B 4. ALOES

3 77M Uﬁfu/ Ema Ham

ALOE 8 W001).
LIGNUM' ALOES.

T may be neceﬂ'ary to mention this Wood, as it
is, fometimes ufed in Medicine, although we
are not acquainted with the Tree which affords it.
We are told that the Leaves are frnall, the F low-
ers moderately large, and the Fruit as big as
a Pigeon’s Egg and woolly; and we read alfo that
the Juice of the Tree, while frefh, will raife Blif—
ters on the Skin, and even caufe Blindnefs: But
thefe Accounts are very imperfect.

We fee three kinds of the Wood in the Shops,
and they are diftinguilhed by three different Names,
Calambac, common Lignum Aloes, and Calam—
bour; of thefe the Calambac is the limit and the
moft reﬁnous, the Calambour is almoﬁ a mere
Chip, the other is of a middleValue between them.
They are all of the fame Virtue, but in different
Degrees. They are faid to be cordial and ﬁrength~
Cning to the Stomach, but we ufe them very little.

TRUE AMQMUM.
AMOMUM VERUM RACEMOSUM.

AMomum is another of thofe Drugs we re~
ceive from abroad, and do not know the
Plants which produce them. The Fruit itfelf,
which is called Amomum, is like the lelTer Car-
damom, but that it is round; it conﬁf’ts of a
ikinny Huik and Seeds within, and is Whitifh
and of the Bignefs of a HOrfe-bean. Several of
thefe fometimes are found growing together to
one Stalk in a clofe Body. ‘
The old Phyﬁcians ufed it as a Cordial and
-- Carminative, but at prefent it is much neglected.

COMMON

7‘53 Ufaful Family Héréal. 'i 9
COMMON AMOMUM.

AMOMUM VULGARE.

'HOUGH the Amomum before mention-

ed be not ufed in Prefcription, it is an Ingre4
dient in fome old Compoﬁtions ; and, being of-
ten not to be met with, it has been found ne—
ceﬂary to fubi’titute another carminative 'Seed in
its Place; this grows on an EngZi/b Plant, thence
called alfo Amomum.

The common Amonum, otherwife called Baf—
tard Stone Parﬂey, is frequent about our Hedges ;
it grows to three Feet in Height, but the Stalk
is ﬂender, and divided into a great many Branches.
The Leaves are of a bright Green and winged,
or compofed of double Rows of fmaller, with an
odd one at the End. There grow fome large
and very beautiful ones from the Root ; thofe on
the Stalks are fmaller. The Flowers grow in
little Umbels or Clufters, ‘ at the Extremities of
all the Branches. They are fmall and white;
Two Seeds follow each Flower, and thefe are
ﬁriated, fmall, and of a fpicy Tafte; the Plant
is diﬁinguiﬂaed at Sight from all the others of its
kind, of which there are many, by the Slender-
nefs of its Stalks and Branches, and the Smallnefs
of the Umbels: And more than all by the pecu-
liar Tai‘te of the Seeds, which have a Flavour of
Mace.

It is proper to be particular, becaufe the Plant
is worth knowing. Its Root is good for all Dif—
cafes of the urinary Paffages, and the Seeds are
good in Diforders of the Stomach and Bowels,
and alfo operate by Urine. The Quantity of"
a Scruple given in Cholics often proves an
immediate Cure, and they are a good Ingredient
in Bitters.

ALKANET,‘

JO Tbe U/éfu/ FamiZy Heréalt

ALKANET.

« ANCHUSA.

Lkanet is a rough Plant of no great Beauty,
cultivated in France and Germany for the
Sake of its Root. It grows to at Foot and half
high : The Leaves are large and of a rough irre-
ular Surface, and bluifh green Colour; the
lowers are fmall and purpliih; the Root is long
and of a deep purple. It is kept dried in the
Shops. It has the Credit of an Aftringent and
Vulnerary, but it is little ufed. The beft Way
of giving of it, is to add half an Ounce to a
(kart ofHartlhorn Drink ; it gives a good Co~
lotir, and increafes the Virtue.

ANGELICA.
ANGELICA.

ALarge and beautiful Plant kept in our Gar-
dens, and found wild in fome Parts of the
Kingdom. It grows to eight Feet in Height, and
the Stalks robui’t, and divided into Branches.
The Leaves are large, and eornpofed each of
many fmaller, fet upon a divided Pedicle; they
are notched at the Edges, and of a bright Green.
The Flowers are fmall, but they {tand in wait
Cluﬁers of a globofe Form: Two Seeds follow each
Flower.

Every Part of the Plant is fragrant when bruifed,
and every Part of it is ufed in Medicine. The
Root is long and large -, we ufe that of our own
Growth frefh, but the fine fragrant dried Roors
are brought from Spain. The whole Plant pof~
feffes the fame Virtues, and is cordial and fudo—
riﬁc 3 it has been always famous \againft peﬁilen-
tial and contagious Difeai‘es. The Root, the Stalks

candied,

m Ujéfuf Fam'gy Ham. .1 :
candied, the Seeds bruifed, or the Water diﬁilled
from the Leaves, may be ufed, but the Seeds are
the molt powerful. It is alfo an Ingredient in
many Compolitions.

ANISE.
* ‘ ANISUM.

HE Anifeed ufed in the Shops is produced
by a fmall Plant cultivated in Fields for
that Purpofe in the Iﬂand of Malta and elfewhere.
It grows to half a Yard high, the Stalks are ﬁrm,
ﬁriated, and branched; the Leaves which grow
near the Ground,‘are rounded and divided only
into three Parts; thofe on the Stalks are cut into
ﬂender Diviﬁons. The Flowers are fmall, but they ,
grow in large Umbels at the Top of the Branches,
and two Seeds follow each; thefe are the Aniléed.
As much bruifed Anifeed as will lie on a
Sixpence, is excellent in Cholics. ’Tis alfo
good in Indigeitions, and other Complaints of the

Stomach.

APPLES OF LOVE.

POMA AMORIS.

THESE are large juicy Fruits, but they are
produced not on a Tree, but on a ﬁnall and
low Plant. The Stalks are weak, and divided
into many Branches; the Leaves are large, but
they are compofed of many fmall ones fet on a
divided Stalk, and they are of a faint yellowilh
green Colour. The Flowers are fmall and yellow,
the Fruit is large, and when ripe of a red Colour;
it contains a {oft juicy Pulp and the Seeds.

The Plant is a kind of Nightfhade, we cul-
tivate it in Gardens. The 12712222725 eat the Fruit
as we do Cucumbers. The Juice is cooling, and
is good externally ufed in Eruptions on the Skin,

and

I 2 We U/Eful Famibz Heréal.

and in Difeafes of the Eyes, where a iharp Hu~
mour is troublefome.

ARCHANGEL.
LAMIUM ALBUM.

A Common Wild Plant, more vulgarly called

the Dead-Nettle. It grows about our Hedges,
it is a Foot high, and has Leaves lhaped like
thofe of the Nettle, but they do not Ring. The
Stalk is fquare and the Leaves are hairy; the
Flowers are large and white, they fiand at the
Joints where the Leaves are fet on, and are very
pretty. The Leaves ﬁand in Pairs, and the Root
creeps under the Surface.

The Flowers are the only Part ufed, they are
to be gathered in May; and made into Conferve.
A Pound of them is to be beat upwith two Pounds
and a half of Sugar. They may‘alfo be dried.
They are excellent in the Whites, and all other
Weakneffes. - .

There is a little Plant with red Flowers called
alfo the red Archangel, or red Dead-Nettle. It
is common under the Hedges, and in Gardens;
the Stalks are fquare and weak, the Leaves are
ihort and notched at the Edges, and the Flowers
ﬁnall and red; the Plant is not above four or
ﬁve Inches high, and thefe Flowers grow near
the Tops among the Leaves. They are in Shape
iike thofe of the white Archangel but linall.

The Herb is ufed frefh or dried, and the F low—
ers. The Decot‘tion is good for Floodings, Bleed—
ings at the Nofe, Spitting of Blood, or any kind
ofHemorrhage. It alfo {tops Blood, bruifed and
applied outwardly. ‘ T

AR'RACH

fIZe Uﬂzful Family Heré'a‘zlg I 3

ARRACH OR STINKING ARRAC'H. I»
ATRIPLEX OLIDA.

A Small wild Plant that grows about F arm-s
Yards, and in waﬁe Grounds. The Stalks
are a Foot long, but weak; they feldom ﬁand
upright, they are‘ﬁriated, and of a pale Green.
The Leaves are fmall, ihort, and rounded, of a
bluiih green Colour, and of the Breadth of a
Shilling or lefs. The Flowers are inconﬁderable,
and the Seeds fmall, but they fraud in Cluﬂers at
the Tops of the Branches, and have a greenifh
white Appearance. The whole Plant is— covered
with a Sort of moiﬂ: Dui’t in large Particles, and
has a molt unpleafant Smell. It is to be ufed
frelh gathered, for it lofes its Virtue in drying.
A Syrup may be made of a Pint of its Juice
and two Pounds of Sugar, and will, keep all the
Year. The Leaves alfo may be beat into a Con-
ferve, with three times their Weight of Sugar;
in any of thefe Forms it is an excellent Medi-
cine in all hyf’terick Complaints. It cures Fits,
and promotes the Menfes, and the neceITary Eva—
cuations after Delivery. _

There is another kind of Arrach alfo mentioned
by medical Writers, and called Garden Arrach;
it is an Annual raifed from Seed, for the Ufe of
the Kitchen. It grows to 3. Yard high, and the
Leaves are broad: Thofe which grow from the
Root have a little Leaf alfo on each Side the
Bafe. They are covered with a wet Duﬂ like the
other kind. Thefe Leaves are cooling and foft-
ening, they are good in Glyﬁers, but they are
lefs ufed, and lefs valuable thanthe other.

ARON.-

I4. 7??lp%%lfbmﬂyfgb%ﬁﬂ

VARON.
ARUM.

_ Very cemmOn Plant under our Hedges, and

I more vulgarly called CuckowPint, and, by'
theChildren, Lord and Lady. The Root is of
the Bignefs and Shape of aWalnut, brown on
the outﬁde and White within, and this, as well as
the whole Plant, is of a {harp and acrid Taf’te.
This Root lies deep. The Leaves are large and
ihaped like the bearded Head of an Arrow, of
a {trong green Colour; and fometimes fpotted.
In ﬂpril and May rife among thefe thick Stalks
{Lipporting a very ﬁngular kind of Flower, the
Pointal ofwhich is long, thick, ﬂefhy, and ofa
red or white Colour, and the whole furrounded,
with a green membranaceous Cafe. Afterwards
this Cafe and the Pointal fall OE, and there re—
mains only the Stem fupporting a (hmntity of
Berries, which are ripe in Autumn, and are then
of a ﬁne red Colour.

The Root is the Part ufed. It is an excellent
Medicine in Palﬁes. Half one of the Roots, frefh
gathered and bruifed, will {Ometimes refiore the
Speech at once; and a continued Ufe of them goes
a great Way toward a Cure. It is alfo good in
fcorbutick Cafes, and in all inward Obﬁrilétions.
Some dry and powder it, but it then lofes a1;
moi’t all its Virtue.

ARSMART OR WATER—PEPPER.
PERSICARIA U REN S.
A Common wild Herb, negleéted but of great

Virtues. It grows every-where about Ditches,
and in watery Places. It is a Foot and a half high;

the Stalks are weak, green or reddifh, and jointeg.
T e

77M Uﬂful Fami[y Herézzl. I 5
The Leaves are long and narrow like thofe of the
Peach-Tree, of a bright Green, not fpotted, and
even at the Edges. The Flowers Hand at the
Tops of the Stalks in {lender Spikes of a greenilh
White. As there are feveral other kinds of Arr.
mart, and melt of them different from this in their
Nature and O\ualities, great Care is to be taken
to gather the right. It mui‘t have no Spbt Up0n
the middle of the Leaf. There is another cornmon
kind of Arfmart with fuch a Spot, and with thicker
Stalks, and thick Spikes of reddilh F IOWers,
which has none of its Virtue. , > _
The right Arfmart is an excellent Medicine in
Obﬁruétions of Urine, in the Gravel and Stone :
And in the Jaundice and beginning DrOpﬁes it
has done great Cures. The Juice of the frefh ga-
thered Plant is the belt Way of giving it. Out—
wardly it is good to cleanfe old Ulcers.

AR T I c HO KE.
CINAR A.
THE Root of the common Artichoke or Hars-

tichoke, cultivated for our Tables, is an ex-
cellent Medicine. The Plant itfelf is of the Thiﬁle-
kind, and its Head which we fee at Table, owes
much of its Bignefs and F lefhinefs to Culture. The
Leaves are large, and divided into many Parts, and
often they are prickly. The Stem is robuft. and
ﬁriared, and the Head is formed of large Scales;
the Flowers are of the Thif’tle-kind, and the Seeds
are as in the Thiﬁ'les winged with Down.

The Root frelh gathered, .ﬂiced and boiled in
Water, ﬁx Ounces to a (wart of the Water,
makes a Decoétion, which works by Urine, and
l have known it alone cure a Jaundice.

ASARABACCA.

I 6 753‘ Uﬁfu/ FamiZy Herb].

ASARABACCA.
ASARUM.

A Very little and low Plant found wild in many

Parts of Europe, and common in our Gar-
dens. The Roots creep about the Surface of the
Ground, the Leaves grow ﬁngly from them, and
there is no Stern or Stalk. Each Leaf has its fe—
parate F oot-ﬁalk three or four Inches long, and
the Leaf itfelf is roundifh of a dark Green and
ﬂefhy ; the Flowers are fmall and of a duﬂ<y Co-
lour, and they ﬁand near the Ground.

The Roots are the mol’t valuable Part; the
Juice of them may be given in fmall Dofes, or
they may be dry and given in Powder or Infu-
flon. It works very powerfully by Urine, and is
good in Obftruétions of the Menfes, and in Jaun~
dices and Dropfies. '

The ASH.
FRAXINUS.

Common Tree in our Hedges and Woods.

. The Bark of the Branches is grey, and the
Leaves are winged -, the {mall ones of which they
are compofed are oblong and dented. The Flowers
are of a whitilh Green, and come before the Leaves:
The Seeds are what they call Alli-keys, thefe ripen
in September.

The Bark of the young Branches is good in
Obi’truétions of the Liver and Spleen, and there-
fore is of great Service in Dropﬁes, Jaundice,
and‘ other Complaints of that Origin. It works
by Urine; the Seeds have the fame Virtue, but in:
a lefs Degree.

THE

" mﬁfﬂﬂhﬁﬁy .Herﬁigl. z” I 7
The MAN .NA. ASH.

FRAXINUS MINQRE FOLIO.

, HIS is a lower Tree than the common Aﬂi,

‘ and is not a Native of our Kingdom, but. is
frequent in Italy, where the Manna is gathered
from its Leaves and Branches.

The Bark of this Tree is paler than that of our
common Alh, and the Leaves are comPofed of
fmaller and narrower Parts, but the Flower and
Fruit differ very little. . j

They have alfo in Calaéria another low Aﬂi-'
Tree, which has the Backs of the Leaves fmal-
ler than ours, and ﬂatter and more rounded, and,
from this alfo they collect Manna for the Ufe of
the Apothecaries. The Manna is a fweet or hOney
Juice that naturally fweats out of the Bark and
Leaves in hot Weather. The ﬁnef’t Manna of all
is that which ouzes out of the Leaves, this is in ~
fmall Pieces. It ﬂows out of the Ribs of the

Leaves in ﬂuguﬁ in the Heat of the Day, and foon

hardens ‘into this Form. They get the greateit
Quantities of all by cutting theBark of the Trunk
and Branches, and this is often large and ﬂaky,

”but it is yellowifh. That which is ﬂaky, White,

and hollow, has ifTued out of itfelf and is much
better.

Manna is a molt excellent Purge, very gentle
and without any after Altringency. There is a
kind of Manna ufed in Frame called the Briaﬂgon
Manna, this is produced by the Larch-Tree; and
there is another kind more rare, called Peijﬂzm
Manna. This is produced by the Shrub called
Alhagi, a kind of Broom or nearly allied to it.
But thefe are fcarce with us.

C , . Asms

“WW3, "1»; “s33: 2,:

:: W“ . ‘5'???” a“ V .,. ‘ ,_ ‘1‘”.

18 We U/Eful Family Heréal.

ASPARAGUS.
ASPARAGUS SATIVUS.

THE Afparagus Plant is one whofe Root
. is ufeful in Medicine, although a different
Part of it be eaten at the Table. Its Virtues
are not unlike thofe of the Artichoke Root but
greater.

The 'Afparagus is a wild Plant in many Parts
of England about the Sea-Coafts, and its Root, in
this wild State, is better than that of the cultivated
Plants, but its Shoots have not that ﬁne ﬂeihy
Fulnefs. The Plant, when full grown, is three
Feet high, and very much branched, and the
Leaves are ﬁne and of a pale Green; the Flowers
are fmall and greenifh, but the Berries which fuc-
ceed them, are as big as Peafe. and red.

The Root is a powerful Diuretic, and is good
in all Obﬁruétions of the Vifcera. It has been

'known ﬁngly to perform Cures in Jaundices and

Dropﬁes. It is belt given in Decoétion.

ASPHODEL.

ASPHODELUS VERUS RAMOSUS
ALBUS.

AN elegantGarden Flower, aNative of Italy, and
preferved with us more for its Beauty than its
Ufe, though fometimes taken as :1 Medicine. It
grows to three Feet in Height, and the Stalk di—
vides into three or four Branches towards the
Top. The Flowers are white, and they {land in
Spikes on the Tops of thefe Diviﬁons. They are
ﬁreaked with Purple on the Top, and have yel-
low Threads in the Middle. The Leaves are long
and narrow, hollowed and {harp-pointed; the Root

is compofed of feveral oblong Lumps. The Root
ls

ﬁfe U/éfal Famiéx Heré’al,’ 19
is the Part ufed in Medicine; and it is laid to
be good againﬂ’ all Obﬁruétionsfparticularly a.
gainﬁ thofe of the Menfes. i

There is anorher kind of AfphOdel with yellow
Flowers, the Root of which is {aid to pofTefs the
fame Virtues, but it is more rarely ufed than the
other.

The ASSAFOETIDA PLANT.
ASSAFOETIDA HERBA.

THIS is a Per/fan Plant, and is a very tall
and robuii one. It grows to nine Feet high,
and the Stalks are as thick as aChild’s Leg;
they are hollow and divided toward the Tops into
feveral Branches. The Leaves are very large,
and compofed of many fmaller fet upon a divided
Rib. They refemble in fome Degree the Leaves
of the Piony. The large ones rife immediately
from the Root, and fmaller of the fame Form
{land at Diﬁances upon the Stalks one at each
Joint. The Flowers are ﬁngly very fmall, but
they ﬁand in vait Clui‘ters or Umbels at the Tops
of the Stalks ; and the Seeds follow two after each
Flower; they are large broad and f’triated, and
have the fame Smell with the Gum, but not f0
ﬁrong. The Root is very long and thick 3 it is
black on the Outﬁde and white within, and is
full of a thick Juice of a ﬁrong Smell, which,
when hardened, is Affaﬁrtida fuch as we fee.
No Part of the Plant is ufed but only this
Gum or hardened Juice of the Root. They
cut off the Top of the Root, and let the Juice
that rifes from the Wound dry. It becomes
reddilh on the Outﬁde, and white within, and is
the Alfafcerida of the Shops. An excellent Me—
dicine in all nervous Diforders; it may be given
alone rolled up into Pills, no Way better.
C 2 Avms.

P

I 120 236%. Uﬁfﬂl Famigy Heréal
' AVE N s. _ ‘_
, ’ CARRYOPHYLLATA.

:A Common wild Plant negleéted, but worthy
.. , of our Notice. It grows about Hedges, and
rifes to fourteen Inches high; the Stalk is ﬁrm
and ﬂender, and is divided into feveral Branches.
The Leaves‘ are" large and rough, the Stalk alfo
is hairy. The Leaves that grow from the Root are
winged, they conﬁﬁ of three Pair of fniall ones,
and one much larger at the End. Thole on the
Stalk are fmaller, and conﬁft of fewer Parts -, bin:
otherwife they are like. The Flowers are fmall
and yellow; they are fucceeded by rough Heads,
\as big as a Horfe-bean, compofed of many Seeds
with hooked Filaments. The Root is longilh
rand large, of a ﬁrm Subﬁance, reddilh Colour, and
very fragrant fpicy Smell 3 it is better than many
Drugs kept in the Shops.
It is a Cordial and Sudoriﬁc. It is good in
lnervous Complaints,‘and I have known it alone

cure intermittent F evers, where the Bark has been
unfuccelsful.

as“?
We (LI/«fez Tami/j; Harm: e!

Z BALM. _ . ‘

MELISSA. -: ~ ‘ w

A Plant common in our Gardens. lIt‘igrows‘to
two Feet in’Height, and“ the Stalks are -_ro~
buff, fquare, and hairy. The Leaves are oblong,
broad, pointed at the End, and dentated about the
Edges, and they {land two at a Joint; the Flowers
are ﬁnall and white, but they have large rough
Tops, which remain after they are fallen. They
[land in Circular ‘Cluﬁers ,round the Stalk at the
upper Joints; the whole Plant is of'afragrant
Smell. The Root cree'psand fpreads abundantly;
the Plant is in Flower. in‘ j'uly. ‘ r
F relh Balm is much better than dry, for fit
lofes its Fragrancy in drying. The bef’t Way of
taking it is in Tea; it is good for Diforders of
the Head and Stomach. ' '

The BALM OF GILEAD SHRUB.

BALSA'MUM SYRIAC U M RUTJE‘
FOLIO. j

HIS is an eaf’cern Shrub ; it grows to ﬁve or
ﬁx Feet high, and the Branches are very
tough, and, when broken, have a fragrant Smell.
The Leaves are like thofe of Rue, only larger
and of a deeper Green;- the Flowers are moderately
large, and like Pea-Bloﬂbms; they are of a pale
purplifh Hue mixed with white. The Seeds are
yellow and very fragrant, they are contained in a
kind of Pods.
No Part of the Shrub is ufed, but only the
331121111 which is obtained from it -, the ﬁneit kind
‘ C 3 runs

m - ‘ i

22 The U/éful Family Herbal;

, runsfrom theTree, of itfelf : There is afeeondSort
‘ obtained by boiling the Twigs and young Shoots;
and a third coarfer, which rifes to the Top of
the Water, after the purer Sort has been taken
off. This laﬁ is almofl: the only kind we fee, and
even this is very frequently adulterated.

It is a very ﬁne Balfamic and Detergent; it is
good in the Whites, and all Weakneﬂés ; and it is
Cordial at the fame Time that it aﬂs as a Balfam;
it is befc taken alone upon Sugar. ' -

The BALSAM CAPIVI-TR EE.

'ARBOR BALSAMIFERA FRUCTUI
MONOSPERMO.

HIS is a large Tree. The Wood is of a
red Colour, and ﬁne Grain; the Bark is
brown; the Leaves are broad, fhort, and pointed
at the End, and are of a dark Green on the up-
er Side, anda mealy White underneath. The
lowers are as large as Apple BlofToms, and of a
pale Colour; the Fruit is a Pod containing only
one Seed, which is as big as a Nut, and the
Kernel is fweet and of a good Taﬁe.

The Tree is frequent in the Brnﬂls. We ufe no
Part of it, but only the Balfam which runs out at
Wounds they make in the Trunk in Summer; it is
thin like Oil. It has the fame Virtues with
Turpentine, but is more powerful; it is excel-
lent in the Whites, and it is good in all Com-

plaints of the urinary Paﬁ'ages. It may be taken
alone on Sugar.

The

at
222 [[fg‘u/Famzlyjﬂeréal. ' 2 3

The BALSAM OF PERU-TREE.
ARBOR BALSAMIFERA PERUVIANA. '

THIS is a Shrub of eight Feet high, with
{lender and tough Branches. The Leaves
are very long and narrow; the Flowers are yellow
and large, and the Fruit is crooked. The whole
Plant has a fragrant Smell, efpecially the young
Shoots and the Buds.

The Balfam of Peru is procured from the fra-
grant Tops of this Shrub, by boiling them in
Water; the blackifh Liquor rifes like Oil to the
Top, and, when cold, it is the Balfam of Peru.
There is a white Balfam of Peru very fragrant and
ﬁne, but it is fcarce. This is the Produce of
the fame Tree, but it ouzes naturally from the
Cracks in the Bark.

The black Balfam of Peru is a Cordial as well
as a Balfam; it is excellent in Diforders of the
Breaft, and in all Obﬁruftions of the Vifcera;
ten Drops at a Time given on Sugar, and con-
tinued daily, have cured Aﬁhmas and beginning
Confumptions. It alfo promores the Menfes, and
is excellent in Suppreﬂions of Urine. Outwardly
applied, it heals frelh Wounds.

The BALSAM 0F TOLU-TREE.
ARBOR BALSAMIF ERA TOLUTANA.

HIS is a kind of PinenTree. It does not
grow to any great Height, but fpreads into
a great Quantity of Branches. The Leaves are
long and very ﬂender, and of a deep Green ; the
Bark is of a reddifh White, and the Fruit is a
fmall Cone brown and hard.
No Part of the Tree is ufed but the Balfam
only which comes from it. They wound the

C 4. Trunk

 

' -' . mg?"

2:4 2%,; »- :Wﬁamilyyerhﬂ;
Trunk in hot Seafons, and this , liquid, Reﬁn
ﬂows out, Which they put up into Shells for Ex?
portation; "It, is thick, brown,-and very__ fragrant.
I} is excellentin Confumptions, and otherDiforders.
ofthe ‘Breafc, and may be given in Pills. The
balfaihi‘c Syrup 'of theA‘pothecaries is made from
it, 'and polfeﬁes a great deal of its Virtues.

 

‘ The BAR 'B E RY—B U s H.
BER B ER 1. S.
THIS is awi'ld Bufh in fome Parts of Eng~

land, ”but it is common every-where in Gar-
dens, it grows to eight or ten Feet high in an
irregular Manner, and much branched. The Bark
is Whitilh and there are Abundance of Prickles
about the Branches. The Leaves are of an oval
Figure, and {trong green Colour, and are in-
dented about the Edges. The Flowers are fmall
and of a pale yellowifh Colour; the Fruit is fuf—
ﬁciently known; the Berries are oblong, red, and
of a four Taf’te. The Branches are brittle, and,
under the pale outer Rind, there is another yellow
and thicker. This is the Part ufcd in Medicine ;
it is excellent in the Jaundice, and has often cured
it ﬁngly. It is alfo good in all Obf’cruétions,
T he bell: Way to give it is infufed in boilingWater.

BARLEY. ,
HORDEUM.

THE Barley ufed in Medicine is the fame with
;tl'121t of which Bread is made, and which
ferves the Brewer and Dil’tiller in their feveral Ca-
pacitics, It is known'at Sight from Wheat, when
growing, for it is nor f0 tall, and the Leaves are
iinaller and narrower. A long Be‘ard grows from

‘ . ‘ ’ * " each

. mg...
. 5. .

Thifﬁfai hang-Herbal: s 5
each Grain in the Ear, and the Ear is compelled-
of two RoWsof th’em. ‘ . . . ‘

We ufe 'this Grain in txvo Forms, the (inertial;
led French Barley, and the other Pearl Barley-
The French Barley is Ikinned, and has the Ends
ground off; the Pearl Barley is reduced by. a longer
Grinding to a little round white Lump. The
Pearl Barley makes the ﬁner and more elegant
Barley-Water, but the Franc]: Barley makes the
belt. It is excellent in Heat of Urine, and in
all gravelly Cafes, and is a good Drink in moﬁ
acute Difeafes, whereDiluting is required : It is alfo
in fome Degree nourifhing. ' ' " ' ‘

BAREN—WORT.
EPIDEMI’UM.

A Singular and very pretty Plant, Native of
England, but not common. It grows in
“foods, and has beautiful purple and yellow
Flowers. It is a Foot high. The Leaves are
oval and Heart—fafhioned, deeply indented at the
Edges, and of a dufky Green. The Stalks which
roduce the Flowers, are weak, brittle, and gene—
rally crooked; the Flowers ﬁand in a kind‘of Very;
loofe Spike ten or a dozen upon the Top; they
are fmall, but very fmgular and confpicuous ;.
they are purple on the Back with a red Edge, and
yellow in the Middle. The Root is ﬁbrous and.
creeping. .
It was an Opinion with the old \Vriters, that
this Plant produced no Flowers -, but the Occa-
ﬁon is eaﬁly known. When it ﬁands expofed to
Sun, it feldom does ﬂower; we fee that in Gardens
where it is planted in fuch Situations, for it will
ﬁand many Years without ﬂowering; but our
Woods favour it, being dark and damp : The old

People faw it in warmer Climates, and under fan
on a-

26 736 UﬂﬂiFami/y H'eréal.

unfavourable Expofure. They called it from this
Circumftance, as well as from its Virtues, by a
ﬂame, which expreﬂ‘ed being barren and fruit-
e s.

The People in the North give Milk in which
the Roots have been boiled, to the Females of the
domef’tic Animals when they are running after
the Males, and they fay it has the certain Eﬁeﬂ:
of ﬁOpping the natural Emotions. Plain Senfe
leads thefe Sort of Pe0ple to many Things. They
have from this been taught to give it to young Wo-
men of robuf’c Habits fubjeé}; to violent hyfteric
Complaints, and I am aITured with great Succefs -,,
they give the Decoftion of the Root made ﬁreag
and fweetened. ’Twas a coarfe Alluﬁon that led
them to the Practice, but it fucceeds in Cafes that
foil all the. Parade of common Practice. It is faid
that, if they take it in too large @antity, it reno
ders them ftupid for fome Hours, but no ill Con—
fequence has attended this. '

The BAY—TR E E.
LAUR U S.
THE Bay is a Native of Spain and Italy, where

it grows to a large Tree ; we keep it in Gar-
dens, but it feldom rifes to more than the Figure
and Height of a Shrub with us. The Wood is
not {trong but fpongy and friable -, the Leaves re—
main green all _Winter; the Bark of the large
Branches is of a dulky Brown, that of the Twigs
reddifh 5 the Leaves are long and fomewhat broad,
pointed at the End and very fragrant: The F low—
ers are very {mall and inconﬁderable; their Colour
is whitifh, they appear in JVIzzy, but are not re-
garded: The Berries are ripe in the latter End of
Autumn, and are large and black, conﬁi’ting of

two Parts within the fame Skin.
3 The

The U ﬂful Family Heréal. 2 7
The Berries are dried, and are the Part of the
Tree mofﬂy ufed -, but the Leaves alfo have great
Virtue. The Berries are given in Powder or In-
fuﬁon; they are good in Obﬂruétions, and in
Cholics. ' They promote Urine, and the Eva-
euations after Delivery. The Leaves are cordial
and good in all nervous Complaints. 'Paralytic
People would find great Beneﬁt from fmall
Dofes of them often repeated; and four or ﬁve
Dofes have fometimes cured Agnes. They are to
be put frelh into an Oven, and, when they are
crifp, reduced to Powder.

B A s I L.
OCYMUM VULGARE MAJUS.
BASIL is a {mall Herb, Native of warmer

Countries, but not uncommon in our Gar-
dens; it is bulhy and branched, the Stalks are
fquare, and the Leaves Rand two at each Joint.
They are broad and lhort, and fomewhat in-
cknted at the Edges. The Flowers are fmall and
white, and are of the Shape of thofe of the Dead-
nettle; they {land on the upper Parts of the
Branches in loofe Spikes. The whole Plant has
a very fragrant Smell.

Balil is little ufed, but it deferves to be much
more. A Tea made of the green Plant is excel-
lent againi’t all Obﬂrué’tions. No Simple is more
effectual for gently promoting the Menfes, and for
removing thofe Complaints which naturally attend
their Stoppage.

There are two or three other kinds of Baﬁl, but
they have not equal Virtue.

The

/

23 m U/ywm/y Heréal.‘

The BDELLIUM-TREE.
ARBOR BDELLIUM F‘ERENS.

' E are very well acquainted with the Gum,
, or rather Gum Reﬁn called Bdellium, but
we know very little of the Tree from which 1t is
produced, the beﬂi Defcription we have of it,
amounts to no more than that it is moderate-
ly large, bulky, and full of Branches with
Prickles upon them, and with oblong and broad
Leaves deeply indented at the Edges, 10 that they
refemble Oak- Leaves: And that, when the yotmg
Shoots- are broken, they yield a milky Juice. But
ev en this does not come upon Certainty, that is,
we are not aﬂined, that this Tree produces the
very Gum we fee. This 18 of a red brown Colour,
and bitterifh T afte.
_ It 15 a good Medicine 1n Obﬁruétions of the.
Liver and Spleen, but it is not much ufed. -

The BEAN. 'f‘
>_ FABA.
T H E common Garden- Bean is fuﬂiciently

known- -, 1t grows to a Yard high, its Stalks
are angular, and the Leaves which are of the
winged kind, ﬁand one at each Joint, the Flowers
are white fpotted with Black, and are ﬁnely
lcented. The Pods and their Seeds need not be
defuibed.

It has been culiomary to dii’til aVVater from
Bean—Flowers, , and ufe it to foften the Skin, but
common di {’cilled \Vatei does as well. It 15 others
wife with the Water of the Bean-Pods. Thefe
ale to be bruilcd, when the Beans are half ripe in
them, and dillzilled with \Vater in a common

Alembic. The W ater is a very,D Gentle Carmi-
. ' name,

e.

\J

native, without any Heat or Acridnefs this eifg
‘celle‘nt forChildren’s Gripes. 4 a,

We UﬁﬂlFauiiér Hérédl :29

The MALACCA BEAN—TREE.
ANACARDIUM LEGITIMUM.

T H I S is a large Tree, Native of'Maleéar and
the Philippine Iﬂands ,- it grows to the Height
and Bignefs of our talleﬁ: Elms, and has'much of
their Manner of Growth, as to the Branches. The
Leaves are vaﬂly large, of- an oblong Figure,
and obtufe; the Flowers are fmall and white, they
grow i‘n Bunches, and have fomewhat of the Smell
of the Syringa Flower but fainter. The F ruit' is
of the Bignefs of a Pear, and much of the fame
Shape; it is of a deep Red, when ripe, and of a
pleafant Taﬁe; the Kernel is not within this,
as is commonly the Cafe in Fruits, but it hangs
out loofe at the End. This Kernel or Seed is of
the Shape of an Heart; it is as big as an Olive,
and has a dulky red Coat or Shell, but it is
white within. This is the Part ufed in Medi*
cine, for the whole Fruit is not regarded. The
Anacardium, or Kernel, is faid to be aCordial,‘
and a Strengthener of the Nerves, but we do not /
much ufe it. There is a very {harp Liquor be;
tween the outer and inner Rinds of the Shell,
which will take away Freckles from the Skin,

but it is fo {harp that the Ladies muft be cau-
[mus how they ufe it.

The

3.0 m U/éfgl Famibz Heraaz,

The WEST-INDIA-BEAN, or CASHEW
NUT—TREE.

ARBOR ACAJOU VULGO CAJOU.

IT appearsby the Defcription of the Anacar-
dium how very improperly it is called :1 Nut,
for it is the Kernel of a large Fruit, though
growing in a ﬁngular Manner. The Cafe is juﬂ'
the fame with RefpeEt to the Calhew Nut, for it
is neither a Nut nor a Bean, any more than the
other: But it is necelTary to keep to the common
Names, and it is proper they lhould be mentioned
together.

The Tree which produces it is large and fprtad—
ing; the Bark is of a pale Colour, rough and
cracked, and the Wood is brittle. The Leaves
are half a Foot long, and two or three Inches
broad, blunt at the End, and of a ﬁne green
Colour. The Flowers are fmall, but they grow
in Tufts together. The Fruit is of the Bignefs
and Shape of a Pear, and of an Orange and Pur—
ple Colour mixt together; the Cafhew Nut or
Bean, as it is called, hangs naked from the
Bottom of this Fruit. It is of the Bignefs of a
Garden-Bean, and indented in the Manner of a
Kidney; it is of a greyifh Colour, and conﬁﬁs of
a fhelly Covering, and a ﬁne white ﬂelhy Sub-
i’tance within, as fweet as an Almond. Between
the two Coats of this Shell, as between thofe of
the Anacardium, there is a {harp and cauftic
Oil, which ferves in the fame Manner as the other
to take oﬁ“ Freckles, but it muﬁ: be ufed with
great Caution. It actually burns the Skin, fo that
it muft be fuﬁCered to lie on only a few Moments;
and, even when ufed ever {0 cautiouﬂy, it {ome-
times caufes Mifchief.

The

fwi-za'
v ,
43:2. , . ‘

“7h ’U/zfa'rma Hem; » 31
The BENGAL BEAN-TREE.
FABA BENGALENSIS.

A Large Tree, Native of the Bali, and not un-
like our Plum-Tree. It is thirty or forty Feet
high; the Leaves are roundilh, but lharp-pointed,
and of a deep Green -, they are ﬁnely indented and
of a ﬁrm Texture. The Flowers are large and
white; they refemble in all Refpeé‘ts the BlofToms
of our Plum—Trees. The Fruit is a kind of
Plum of a long Shape, with a fmall (hiantity
of ﬂefhy Matter, and a very large Stone. It is
a kind of Myrobolan, but is not exactly the
fame with any that we ufe.

The Bengal-Bean, as it is called, is an irregu-
lar Production of this Tree : It is very ill named
a Bean; it is truly a Gall like thofe of the Oak;
but it does not rife like them from the Wood or
Leaves, but from the Fruit of this particular
Plum. It is as broad as aWalnut, but ﬂatted,
and hollowed in the Center; its Original is this:
There is a little black Fly frequent in that Coun-
try, which lodges its Eggs in the unripe Fruit of
this particular Plum, as we have Infeéts in Eng-
land, which always choofe a particular Plant,
and a particular Part for that Purpofe. The Fly
always {hikes the Fruit while it is green, and has
but the Rudiments of the Stone. It grows dif-
tempered from the Wound, andthe Stone never
ripens in it, but it takes this fingular Form.

It is an excellent Aﬁringent. It is of the Na-
ture of the Galls of the Oak, but lefs violently
binding. It is good in all Purgings and bloody
Fluxes, and againf’t the Overﬂowing of the
Menfcs.

BtAx’s-

l Wen ,
Tim "\
so

:32 rag-WW Ema may;

V IBEAR’S-BRE E C H.
ACANTHUS.

: A Very beautiful Plant, Native of Italy, a

. fome other warm Parts of Europe, and kept
in our Gardens. It grows a Yard high; the
Stalk is thick, round, and ﬂefhy; the Leaves
.grow from the Root, and are a Foot long, four
Inches broad, very beautifully notched at the
Edges, and of a dark gloify Green. The Flowers
ﬁand in a kind of thick lhort Spike at the Top
of the Stalks, intermixed with fmall Leaves, thefe
Flowers are large, white, and gaping. The whole
Plant, when in Flower, makes a very beautiful
Appearance. The Root creeps.

This Plant is not To much known in Medicine
as it deferves. The Root, being cut in Slices and
boiled in Water, makes an excellent Diuretic De,-
coétion. It was a great Medicine with an eminent
Apothecary of Petcrlzoroug/a, and he gave more
Relief with it in the Gravel and Stone, than any
other Medicine would afford.

BEAR’s —F o o T.
HELLEBORUS NIGER.

Low and ﬁngular Plant, but not without its

Beauty; it is a Native of many Parts of
Europe, but we have it only in Gardens; the
Leaves are large; each rifes from the Root ﬁngly,
on a Foot—Stalk of ﬁx Inches long, and is dir
vided into nine Parts like Fingers on a Hand;
Sometimes the Divilions are fewer. TheF lowers
are very large and beautiful, they are as big as
a common ﬁngle Rofe or nearly f0; they are
white, reddiih, or greenifh, according to the Time

of

f‘!
\—

,' ll- 3'

~37/36 U ﬂful FamiZy H6754]. 33
of their having been open; and they ﬁand each I
on a ﬁngle Stalk, which rifes from the Root, and -
has no Leaves on it. It ﬂowers in ‘j’mzunry.

The Root is an excellent Purge, it works brifkly
but fafely; it deftroys Worms, and is good in
Dropﬁes, Jaundice, and many other Difeafes, and
even in Madnefs. But it is very neceffary to keep
it in one’s own Garden, for, if the Root be bought,
they commonly fell that of the green-ﬂowered
wild or baﬁard Hellebore in its Place, which is a
rough Medicine.

LAD‘IE s BEDSTRAW;
GALLIUM LUTEUM.

A Pretty wild Plant frequent about Hedges in
fume and the fucceeding Months. The Stalk
is weak and two Feet high, the Leaves are of a
blackifh Green and fmall, and the Flowers are
yellow. The Stalk is angular and whitifh, very
brittle and feldom ﬂraight; the Leaves Rand a great
many at each Joint, and are ﬁnal], narrow, and
difpofed about the Stalk like the Rowels of a
' Spur; the Flowers grow in great Tufts on the
Tops of the Stalks, fo that they. make a very
confpicuous Appearance, though ﬁngly they are
very ﬁnall. ,
This Herb is little regarded, but it has very
great Virtue; 'it fhould be gathered, when the
Flowers are not quite blown, and dried in the
Shade.- An Infuﬁon of it will cure the mof’c‘
Violent Bleedings at the Nofe, and almoi’c all‘other
Evacuations of Blood.

D BERT.

l .» i
i
I

34. 7722 Uﬁful Family Haida].

B E ET.
BETA ALBA.

Common Garden Plant eaten at our Tables,

but thefe often afford Medicines as well as
Food. The white Beet, which is the medicinal
kind, grows three or four Feet high. The Stalk
is robuit and ﬁrong, the Leaves are broad and
undulated, the Flowers are ineoniiderable, they
are of a greenilh white Colour; the Root is large
and long.

The Juice of frefh Beet—Root is an excellent
Remedy for the Heed-ach and Tooth-ach, when
the whole Jaw is aﬁeeted; it is to be {buffed up
the Nofe to promote Sneezing.

The red Beet-Root is good for the fame Pur‘
pofe, but it is not fo {trong as the white.

Y

WH ITE B E H E N.
BEHEN ALBUM

Common wild Plant in our Corn Fields. It is

'two Feet high; the Stalks are weak and often
crooked; but they are thick enough, round, and
ofa whitifh green Colour. The Leaves are oblong,
broad, and of a ﬁne blue green Colour, not dent-
ed at all at the Edges, and they grow two at
every Joint; the Joints of the Stalk where they
grow are fwelled and large, and the Leaves have.
no Stalks. The Flowers are white, moderately
large, and prickly. They {hind upon a Hufk
which feems blown up with Wind.

This is one of thofe Plants of our own GrOWIh,
that have more Virtue than People imagine. The
Root, which is long, white and woody, is to be
gathered before the Stalks rife, and dried. An
Infulion is one of the beﬁ: Remedies known for

‘ - nervous

.722 Uﬂfu/ Family Herdal. 3.5
nervous Complaints; it Will not take Place againﬁ:

a violent prefent Diforder; but is an excellent
Prefervative, taken Cautiouﬂy‘

R E D B E H E N.
LIMONIUM MAJU’S}

A Common wild Plant about Our Sea-Coaf’ts,

and a very pretty one. It grows to a Foot
in Height; the Stalks are naked, and the F low-
ers red; and, in their Difpoﬁtion, they foinewhat
refemble Lavender, ’ whence the Plant is alfo
called by fome Sea Lavender, About the Bot:
toms of the Stalks {land Clul’ters of large and
broad Leaves, rounded at the Ends, of a deep
green Colour and fattifh Subftance; thefe rife im-
mediately from the Root, and the Stalks grow‘
up among them. The Stalks are very tough and
ﬁrong, and branched, and of a paler Green 3 the
Root is long and reddifh.

The People in Eﬂex cure themfelves of Purg-
ings, and of Overﬂowings of the Menfes, with an'
Infuﬁon of this Root; and it is a very great Me-
dicine, though little known. It is to be gathered,;
as foon as the young Leaves appear, cleaned and
dried ; it may be taken in Powder half a Drachm
for a D6fe. Thefe are not the white and red Behen
Roots of the old Writers on Phylick, but they
are better.

The BEN NUT-TREE.
BALANUS MYREPSICA.

THIS is an Arabian Tree, not very large,'but
exceedingly ﬁngular in the Nature of its

‘ Leaves. They are compofed of a great Number
of {mall roundifh Parts, growing at the Extre-
mities of {bong branched Foot-Stalks. The
i ' D 2 Leaves

, 36 77M Ufeﬁtl 1:627}!in Iferéal.

Leaves fall ﬁrft, and thefe F oot-Stalks long after;
When the Leaves are fallen, and the Stalks re—
main, the Tree makes a very lingular Appear-
ance. The Fruit is a Pod long, but ﬂender,
and containing two Seeds: There are what we
call the Ben—Nuts. They are of an oblong Fi-
gure, and irregularly rigid; the Shell is hard,

but the Kernel fat, foft and oily, and of a bit—.

ter Tafte.

The .Kernel operates by Vomit and Stool vi-
olently and is- feldom ufed. It afiords an Oil
which has neither Smell nor Tafte, and which
will keep a long Time withOut growing rancid.

The BENJAMIN—TREE.
ARBOR BENZIONIFERA.

Beautiful Tree frequent in the 13219:, and there

aﬂ’brding the ﬁne fragrant Relin of its Name:
It is alfo of the Growth ofﬂmerica, and thrives
there, but it yields no Reﬁn. It is a moderately
tall Tree; the Bark is linooth and broWn; the
Leaves are broad, oblong, and not unlike thofe
of the Lemon-Tree. The Flowers are whitilh,
and very inconﬁderable. The Fruit is as big as
a Nutmeg, and conﬁl‘ts of a lielhy Subftanoe
on the Outﬁde, and a Kernel incloled in a thin
and brittle Shell within. The Tree is properly
of the Bay—Tree kind.

They cut the Branches of the Benjamin Trees,
and the Juice which ﬂows out, hardens by De—
grees into that reddiﬂi and white fragrant Reﬁn
we fee. It is an excellent h/ledit‘ine in Diforders of
the Breaft and Lungs: And ‘a Tinéture of it
made with Spirit ofW'ine makes Water milky,
and this Mixture is called Virgins-Milk; it is
good to cleanfe the Skin.

.2 . ~ W001)-

2&3

Tbe U/ééul Fizimlly Heréal. 37

WOOD—BE TO NY.
BETONICA SYLVESTRIS.

A Common wild Herb, but of very great Virtue.

It is frequent in our Woods and among Bufhes,
and ﬂowers in j’une. The Stalks are almoi’t naked,
and a Foot high, and the Flowers are purple.
There grow many Leaves from the Root; they
have long Stalks, and are broad, above an Inch
long, of a blackilh green Colour and hairy, blunt
at the Point, and indented about the Edges.
The Stalks are fquare, of a dark Colour, hairy,
and not very ﬁrong. The Leaves on them are
very few, and very dif’tant; but they f’tand two
at a Joint, and are like the others. The Flowers
{land at the Tops in Form of a kind of thick fhort
Spike; they are {mall and purple, and of the Shape
of the Flowers of Mint.

Betony is. to be gathered when juft going to
ﬂower. It is excellent for Di-forders of the Head,
and for all nervous Complaints. The habitual
Ufe of it will cure the moi’t inveterate Heady
achs. It may be taken as Tea or dried and
powdered. Some mix it with Tobacco and fmoak
it, but this is a more uncertain Method.‘

There is a tall Plant with fmall purple Flowers
growing by Waters, thence and from the Shape
of the Leaves called Water Betony, but it has
none of the Virtues of this Plant; it is a kind
of Figwort, and poffelles the Virtues of that Plant,
but in an inferior Degree,

D 3 BIND.—

38 We 0/9]!!! Family Herbal,

BIND-WEED.
CONVOLVULUS MAJOR.

A Common wild Plant which climbs about our

~ Hedges, and bears very large white Flowers,
The Stalks are weak and (lender, but very tough,
‘ ﬁx or eight Feet long, and twif’t about any thing
that can fu'pport them. The Leaves are large,
and of the Shape of an Arrow-Head, bearded at

the Bafe, and {harp at the Point: They ﬁand'

ﬁngly, not in Pairs, and are of a pale green Co—
lour. The F loWers are of the Breadth of a Crown-
Piece at the Mouth, and narrower to the Bafe

Bell-fallaioned, and perfeftly white. The Root is

long and Bender.-

’ In Nortbmnptorz/bire the poor People ufe the
Root of this Plant frefh gathered and boiled in
Ale as a Purge; they fave the Ex ence of the
Apothecary, and anfwer the Purpo e better than
any one thing would do for them. It would nauo
feate a delicate Stomach, but, for People of their
ﬁrong Conﬁitution, there is not a better Purge.

The BILLBnRRY-BUSH,
VACCINIA NIGRA.

A Little tough ﬂirubby Plant, common in out
boggy Woods, and upon wet Heaths. The
Stalks are tough, angular, and green; the Leaves
are ﬁnall; they ﬁand ﬁngly, not in Pairs, and
are broad, fhort, and indented about the Edges.
The Flowers are fmall but pretty, their Colour
is a faint Red, and they are hollow like a Cup.
The Berries are as large as the biggeft Pea, they

are ofa blackifh Colour, and ofa pleafan't Tafte.
A Syrup made of the Juice of Billberries, when
not over ripe, is cooling and binding; it is a plea:
ant

\

The Ujéful Famig'y Heréal. 39

fant and gentle Medicine for Women whofe Men-
fes are apt to be too redundant, taken for a Week

before the Time.

The BIRCH—TR EE.
BETULA.

ATall and handfome Tree common in our '
Woods and Hedges._ The Bark is ﬁnooth
and white. The young Shoots are reddiih, and
they are {mall and long. The Leaves are beautiful;
they are ' Ihort, roundilh, of a ﬁne bright Green,
and notched about the Edges. The Flowers are
inconﬁderable; the Fruit is a little, fcaly, Globule,
preceding the Leaves in Spring.

The Juice of the Birch—Tree, procured by boring
a Hole in it in Spring, is diuretic, and good a ainf’c
the Scurv . The Leaves, freih gatheredg and
boiled in {Naten afford aDecoétion, which aé‘ts
in the fame Manner, and is good in Dropﬁes:
And in all cutaneous Diforders, outwardly ufed.

R0 U N D-ROOTED BI RTHWORT.
ARISTOLOCHIA ROTUNDA.

wild Plant in Italy and the South of France,

but with usi-foun‘d only in the Gardens of

the Curious. -—It has no great Beauty, or even Sin—

gularity in its Appearance, till examined: The

Stalks are a Foot and a half long, but weak;

they are fquare and of a duﬂty green Colour. The

Leaves are Ihort, broad and. roundilh, of a duiky

Green ; alfo the Flowers are long, hollow, and of

an odd Form, not refembling the Flowers of other

..Plants: They are of a duiky greenilh Colour on
the Outﬁde, and purple within: The Fruit is

,ﬂeihy, and as big as a {mall Walnut. The Root
is large and roundifh. .

‘ D4 The

4.0 772:: U ﬂfu/ Family Heréal.

The Root is the only Part ufed in Medicine,

and that we have from Countries where the Plant
is native 3 it is arough and difagreeable Medicine;
it often oﬁ‘ends the Stomach, but it is an excel-
lent Drug for promoting the necelTary Eva~
cuations after Delivery.
, There are two other kinds of Birthwort, the
Root of which are alfo kept in the Shops; the
one called the long Birthwort; the other the
climbing Birthwort. They poﬂ‘efs the fame Vir-
tues with the round, but in a lefs Degree, and
are therefore lefs regarded.

BISHOPSWOOD.
AMMI.

Wild Plant in France and Italy, but kept only

in our Gardens, in its external Figure, fome—
what refembling .Parﬂy when in Flower. The
Stalk is round, ﬁrm, andﬁriated; it grows two
Feet high. The Leaves are of the compound
kind, and formed of many fmaller, which are
_ broad, fhort, and indented at the Edges. The
Flowers are {mall and white, but they ﬁand in
fuch large Tufts at the Tops of the Stalks that
they make a conﬁderable Appearance. Each
Flower is fucceeded by two Seeds; thefe are ﬁnall
andi’triated, of a warm aromatick Taﬂe, and not
difagreeable. .

The Seeds are the only Part of the Plant ufed
in Medicine; they are good againil: the Cholick,
as all the other carminative Seeds are; but they
are alfo diuretick, {0 that they are particularly
proper in thofe Cholicks which arife from the Stone

in the Kidneys and Ureters; they alfo'promotev

the Menfes.

There is another Sort of Biﬂiopslweed‘ealled

Cretick Ammi, the Seeds of which are ufedr‘ih
‘ " Medicine's

t

758‘ Ufeful FamiZy Herbal. 41.

Medicine ; they are of the fame Virtues with theft,
but are lefs ufed. They have a more fpicySmell.

BI'STORTA.
BISTORT.

A Very beautiful wild Plant: It grows in our
NIeadows, and, when in Flower in May and
71023, is very confpicuous, as well as very ele—
gant in its Appearance. It is about a Foot and a
half high; the Leaves are broad and beautiful,
and the Flowers grow in a thick Spike or Ear at
the Top of the Stalks, and are of a bright red
Colour. There rife immediately from the Root
a Number of large and beautiful Leaves, long,
broad, and of a ﬁne green Colour. The Stalks
on which they ﬁand, have alfo a Rim of the
Leaf running down them ', the Stalks are round,
ﬁrm, and ereft, of a pale Green, and have two or
three Leaves, like the others, but ﬁnaller, on
them, placed at Diﬁances. The Spike of the Flow-
ers is as long and as thick as a Man’s Thumb :
The Root is thick and contorted, blackifh on the
Outﬁde, and red within.

If we minded our own Herbs, we lhould need
fewer Medicines from abroad. The Root of Bil'~
tort is one of the bell: Aﬁringents in the World:
Not violent but fure. . The Time of gathering it
is in Marcia, when the Leaves begin to fhoot.
String feveral of them on a Line, and let them
dry in the Shade. The Powder or Decoé‘tion of
them will [top all Fluxes of the Belly, and is one
of the fafefh Remedies known for Overﬂowings of V
the Menfes. They are alto good in a Diabetes.
T‘he Ufe of this Root may be continued without
1 Danger, till it eﬂ'eéts a perfect Cure.

BITTER,

42 The Uﬂfu/ Fami[y Herbal.

BITTE R—SWE ET.
SOLANUM LIGNOSUM.

A Common wild Plant with weak but woody

Stalks that runs among our Hedges, and
bears Bunches of very pretty blue Flowers in
\ Summer, and in Autumn red Berries. The Stalks
run to ten Feet in Length, but they cannot {up-
port themfelves upright: They are of a b uil‘n
Colour, and, when broken, have a very difagree-
able Smell like rotten Eggs. The Leaves are
oval, but fharp~pointed, and have each two
little ones near the Bafe ; they are of a duﬂty Green
and indented, and they grow finaly on the Stalks.
The Flowers are fmall, and of a ane purplilh Blue,
with yellow Threads in the Middle. The Berries
are oblong. This is little regarded in Medicine,
but it deferves to be better known; we account
the Night—Shades poifonous, and many of them
are {0-, but this has no Harm in it. The Wood
of the larger Branches, and the young Shoots of
the Leaves, are a fafe and excellent Purge. I
have known a Dropfy taken, early cured by this
ﬁngle. Medicine.

BLOOD—WORT.
LAPATHUM SANGUINEUM,

A Beautiful kind of D’ock kept in Gardens, and

wild in fome Places. It grows to four Feet
high; the Stalks are ﬁrm", Riff, upright,~ branch-
ed, ancl firiated. The Leaves are very'logig and
narrow, broadeft at the Bafe, and fmaller- all the
Way to the End. They are not at all findented
at the Edges, and they {hand ﬁpon“ long Foot:
Stalks : Their Colour is a deép Greenf, but“ they
are in diliierent Degrees f’cained with aibeautiful

Blood

if

The U/Z’ful Family Heréal. 4.3

Blood Red; fometimes the Ribs only are red, fome-
times there are long Veins of Red irregularly
fpread over the whole Leaf 5 fometim‘es there are
very broad, and in fome Plants the whole Leaves
and the Stalks alfo are of a Blood Colour; the
Flowers are very numerous and little. They in
all Refpeé’cs refemble thofe of the common wild
Docks. The Root is long and thick, and of’a.
deep Blood red Colour.

The Roots are ufed: They are bell: dry, and
they may be given in Decoétion, or in Powder:
They are powerfully aﬁringent -, they fiop bloody
F luxes, Spitting ofBlood, and the Overflowings of
the Menfes. It is alfo good againi’t violent Purg-
ings and againft the—Whites.

BRAMBLE
RUBUS VULGAR I S.

T H E molt common Bufh in our Hedges. The

Stalks are woody, angulated, and of a pure-
plifh Colour 5 and they are armed with crooked
Spines; the Leaves are rough, indented, and ﬁand
either ﬁve or three on a Stalk. The Flowers are.
White, with a very faint Tinge of purplifh, and-
the Fruit is compofed of a Number of ﬁnal]
Grains.

The moi’t negleéted Things .‘have their Ufe.
The Buds of the Bramble—Leaves boiled in Spring
Water, and the Decoétion fweetened with Honey,
are excellent for a fore Throat. A Syrup made
of the Juice of the unripe Fruit, with very ﬁne
Sugar, is cooling and aﬁringent. It is good in
immoderate Fluxes of theMenfes, and even in
Purgings. The Berries are to be gathered for
this Purpofe, when th’ey‘iire red. '

- ” ‘ * BLUE-

4, m U/éfzz/Famz'ly Heréal.

BL U E-B OTTL E.
CYANUS.

A Very common and a very pretty Weed among

our Corn ; the Leaves are narrow, and of a
whitifh Green ; and the Flowers of a very beauti—
ful Blue and large. The Plant is about a Foot
high, and, when in Flower, makes a confpicuous
and elegant Appearance. 'The Root is hard and
ﬁbrous; the Stalk is very ﬁrm, white and angu-
lated, and branched. The Leaves that grow from
the Root have fome Notches on tire Edges ; thofe
on the Stalk have none, and they are narrowlike
Blades of Grafs; the Flowers ii‘and only on the
Tops of the Branches, and they grow out of
fcaly Heads. The Seeds are beautiful, hard, white,
and fhining. ,

The Leaves which grow on the Stalks of the
Blue-Bottle frefh gathered and bruifed, «will {top
the Bleeding of a frefh Wound, even if a large
Veffel be cut. They are not fufﬁciently known
for this Purpofe, but theyexceed all other Things :4
And may fave a Life where a Surgeon i: not to be
had in Time for lilch an Accident. A diﬁilled
Water of the Flowers ufed to be ke )t in the Shops,
but it was of no Value. An Inliiﬁon of them
works gently by Urine.

There is a large kind of this Plant in Gardens,
which is called a Vulnerary or \Nound Herb, But
it is not f0 good as this.

The Box—TREE.
BUXUSﬁ

A Common little Shrub in. our Gardens, and a
Native of our own C0untry, though not
common in its wild State. With us it grows but .

150

The Uﬁful Family Heréal. 4 5

to a frnall Height; in fome other Parts of Europe,
it is a tolerably large Shrub. The Bark is whitifh,
the Wood yellow ; the Leaves fmall, roundifh,
fmooth, of a very dark green Colour, and very
numerous. The Flowers are ﬁnal] and greenilh
yellow; the Fruit is little, round, and furnilhed
with three Points.

The Wood of the Box-Tree, and partiCularly
of the Root, is an excellent Medicine in all Foul.-
neffes of the Blood; it has the fame Virtues with the
Guiacum, but in a. greater Degree. It is to be
given in Decoélion not made too ﬁrong, and con—
tinued a long Time. There have been Inflances
of what were called Leproﬁes cured entirely by
this Medicine. There is an Oil made from it by
Dil’tillation, which is good for the Tooth—'ach. It
is to be dropped on COtton, and to be put into the
Tooth. '

BORAGE.
BORAGQ

A Rough Plant common in our Gardens, with
great Leaves, and beautiful blue Flowers.
It grows two Feet high -, the Stalks are thick,
round, ﬂelhy, and juicy; and covered with a kind
of Hairinefs fo ﬁurdy that it almoft amounts to
the Nature of- Prickles. The Leaves are oblong,
broad, very rough and wrinkled -, and they have
the fame Sort of Hairinefs, but lefs l’tili~ than that
of the Stalk; the largeit grow from the Root,
but thofe on the Stalks are' nearly of the fame
Shape. The Flowers are placed toward the Tops
of the Branches; they are divided into ﬁve Parts
of a molt beautiful Blue, and have a black Eye
"as it were in the Middle.
Borage has the O‘edit of being a‘great Cordial;
but, if it poﬁefs any fuch Virtues, they are to be
obtained

4.6 739 U/éfu/ Famib! He'ré'al;

obtained only by alight cold Infufion; {0 that the
Way of throwing it into cold Wine is better than
all the medicinal Preparations, for in them it is
naufeuus.

WHITE BRYONY.
BRYONIA ALBA.

A Tall, climbing, wild Plant, which covers our

Hedges in many Places. The Leaves are
fomewhat like thofe of the Vine ; the Flowers are
inconﬁderable ; but the Berries are red, and make
a great Shew. The Root is vai’cly large, rough,
and whitilh ; the Stalks are tough, ten or twelve
Feet long -, but weak and unable to fupport them-
felves; they have Tendrils at the Joints, and by
theft: they afﬁx themfelves to Bulhes. The Leaves
are broad, and divided deeply at the Edge, and
they are hairy. The Flowers are of a green—
ifh White and ﬁnall, but the» Berries are mode—
rately large and full of Seeds.

The Root is the only Part ufed in Medicine ;_
the Juice" of it Operates very. ﬁrongly by Vomit
and Stool, and that in a ﬁnall Dofe. All Conﬂitu-
tions cannot hear it, but, for thofe that can, it is

excellent in many fevere Difeafes; Dropﬁes have ’

been cured by it. It is alfo good againit hyﬁerick
Complaints, but for this Purpofe it is to be given
in very {mall Dofes and frequently repeated.

BLACK BRYONY.
BRIONIANIGRA._

THERE is not any Inf‘tance which more.

blames our Neglect of the Medicines of our

own Growth, than this of the black Bryony, a ‘

Medicine fcarce known or heard of, but equal to
any.

The

75:2 Ufefuz Famibr Heréal. 4.7'

The Plant climbs upon Bufhes and Hedges like
the former, but this by twifting its Stalk about
the Branches’ of Trees and Shrubs, for it has no
Tendrils. It runs to ﬁfteen Feet in Height, the
Stalk is tough and angular: The Leaves are
broad, and of a Heart-like Shape and are per»
feétly linooth and lhining, and of a glolTy and
very deep blackilh Green. The Flowers are very
fmall and of a greenilh White; the Berries are
red. The Root is black without, white within,
and full of a ﬂimy Juice.

The Root of black Briony is one of the bell:
Diureticks known in Medicine. It is an excel-
lent Remedy in the Gravel, and all other Ob-
{truétions of Urine, and other Diforders of the
urinary Palfages ‘

BOOKLIME.

ANAGALLIS AQUATICA, BECA-
BUNGA.

Common wild Herb frequent about ihallow
Waters, with a thick Stalk, roundiih Leaves,
and Spikes of little bright blue Flowers. Brook— ,
lmie grows to 3. Foot high. The Stalk is round,
ﬂelhy and large, yet it does not grow very up-
rioht: It l’trikes Root at the lower Joints. The,
Leaves are broad, oblong, blunt at the End,
and a little indented on the Edges. . The Flowers
ﬁand lingly on fhort Foot—Stalks one over ano-
ther, f0 that they form a kind of loofe Spike; the
Roots are ﬁbrous. _
Brooklime has great Virtues, but mull: be ufed
frelh gathered, for they are all loll in drying. The
Juice in Spring is very good againl’t the Scurvy ;
but it muft be taken for fome Time. It works
gently by Urine, but its great Virtue is in fweet—

ening the Blood.
BROOM.

.‘ 2-,! m‘n‘m";w1“ .yl‘: "M '1

4.8 777:! Uﬁful FamiZy Herhzl.

BROOM.
GENISTA.

A Common naked-looking Shrub that grows on,
wal‘te Grounds, and bears yellow Flowers in

May. It is two or three Feet high. The Stalks ‘
are very tough, angular, and green. The Leaves
are few, and they are alfo ﬁnall -, they grow three
together, and ﬁand at Diltances on the long and
{lender Stalks. The Flowers are numerous, they
are fhaped like a Pea-Blolfom, and are of a beau-
tiful bright Yellow. The Pods are ﬂat and hairy.

The green Stalks of Broom, infufed in Ale or
Beer for the common Drink, operate by \Vine,
and remove Obﬁrtlétions of the Liver and other
Parts ; they are famous in the Droply and Jaun—
dice. It is a common Practice to burn them to
Alhes, and infufe thofe Allies in VVhite-wine;
thus the ﬁxed Salt is extracted, and the Wine.
becomes a kind of Lee. This alfo works by Urine
more. powerfully than the other, but the other is
preferable for removing Obftruétions.

BUTCHER$BROOM.
RUSCUS

A Little {hi-ubby Plant frequent on our wallet
Grounds and Heaths, with fmall prickly
Leaves and bufhy Tops. The Plant grows 3.
Foot and a half high. The Stalks are roundifh,
ﬁriated, thick, and very tough. They are naked
towards the Bottom, and divide into ~fom‘e
Branches towards the 'I‘op:.They are there covered
with Leaves. Thefe Leaves are fhort, broad,
oval, and pointed, the Point running out in a
Prickle; they are of a bluilh Green, and very
thick and ﬂelhy. The Flowers are feldom re-
garded;I

A

ﬁe U/éfu/ Family Herder]. 4.9
garded; they grow in a ﬁngular Manner upon the
Backs of the Leaves, they are very {mall and
purplifh: Thefe are fucceeded each by a ﬁngle
Berry, which is red, round, and as big as a Pea.
The Roots are White, thick, and numerous.

The Root is the Part ufed, and it is an excel-
lent Medicine to remove Obl’truétions. It works
powerfully by Urine, and is good in Jaundices,
and in Stoppages of the Menfes, and excellent in
the Gravel.

BUCK—BEANS.
TRIFOLIUM PALUSTRE.

N Herb better known by the common People,
than among the Apothecaries, but of great
Virtue. It grows wild with us in marfhy Places,
and is of fo very ﬁngular an Appearance, that it
mul’t be known at Sight. It grows a F ootuhigh,
the Leaves ﬁand three upOn each Stalk, and thefe
Stalks rife immediately from the Roots, They
are thick, round, fmooth, and ﬂefhy; and the
Leaves themfelves are large, oblong, and have
fome. Refemblance of thofe of Garden-Beans.»
The Flowers ﬂand upon naked Stalks, which are
alfo thick, round, ﬁeﬂiy, and whitilh: They are
fmall, but they grow together in a kind of thick
Ihort Spike, f0 that in the Cluﬁer they make a
confpicuous Appearance; they are white with a
very faint Tinge of Purple, and are hairy with-
in , the Root is whitiﬂi, long, and thick.

The Leaves of Buck—bean are to be gathered
before the Stalks appear for Flowering, andare
to be dried -, the Powder of them will cure Agues,
but their great Ufe is againf’c the Rheumatifm;
For this Purpofe they are to be given for a Con~
tinuance of Time in Infuﬁon, or in the Manner

of Tea.
E 1 BUCK-

50 We U/Eful FamiZy Heréal.

BUCKTHORm
SPINA CERVINA.

Prickly Shrub common in our Hedges, with
. » pale green Leaves, and black Berries. It
grows to eight or ten Feet high. The Bark is
dark-coloured and gloﬂ'y, and the Twigs are tough.
The Leaves are oval, of avery regular and pretty
Figure, and elegantly dented round the Edges.
The Flowers are little, and inconﬁderable; they
are of a greeniih Yellow, and grow in little
Cluﬁers. The Berries which are ripe in Septem-
ber, are round, glolTy, black, as big as the largel’t
‘ Pepper-Corns, and contain each three or four
Seeds.

The Juice of the Berries, boiled up with Sugar,
makes a good Purge; but it is apt to gripe, un-
lefs{ome Spice be added in the making : ‘It is a
rough Purge, but a very good one.

BUCKSHORN PLANTAIN.’
CORONOPUS.

A Very pretty little Plant which grows in our
fandy and barren Places, with the Leaves
fpread out in Manner of a Star, all the Way round
from the Root; and in the Heads like other Plan-
tains, although f0 very unlike them in its Leaves.
The Root is long and ﬁender : The Leaves which
lie thus ﬂat upon the Ground, are narrow and
long, very beautifully notched and divided fo as
to referable a Buck’s Horn, whence the Name,
and of a pale whitilh Green, and a little hairy.
The Stalks are ﬂender, ﬁx Inches long, but fel-
dom quite erect : They are round, hairy, and whi-
tifh, and have at the Top a Spike of Flowers of an

Inch

i¢eQ%ﬂdEmMﬁlﬁmhm 51
Inch or two in Length, altogether like that of the
other Plantains, only more ﬂender.

This Plant has obtained the Name of Star of
the Earth, from the Way of the Leaves fpread«
ing themfelves. Thefe Leaves bruifed, and ap-
plied to a frelh Wound, {top the Bleeding and
effect a Cure. It is faid alfo to be a Remedy a-
gainft the Bite of a mad Dog, but this is idle and
groundlefs.

BUGLm
BUGULA.

A Common wild Plant and a very pretty one,
with gloITy Leaves, creeping Stalks, and
blue Flowers; it is frequent in damp Woods. The
Stalks, when they rife up to bear the Flowers, are
eight or ten Inches high, fquare, of a pale green
Colour, often a little purplilh; and have two
Leaves at every Joint, the Joints being fomewha‘c
diftant. Thefe Leaves are of the fame Form
with thofe which rife immediately—from the Root;
oblong, broad, blunt at the Point, and of a deep
green Colour, fometimes- alfo a little purplifh,
and are (lightly indented round the Edges. The
Flowers are fmall and of a beautiful Blue, in
Shape like thofe of *Betony; they grow in a Sort
of Circles round the upper Part of the'Stalks,
forming a kind of loofe Spikes. The Cups res
main when the Flowers are gone, and hold the
Seeds.
The Juice of this Plant is eﬁecmed good for
inward Bruifes; it is a very good Diuretick.

{'11
N.

BUG=

5 2 The Uﬂ'ful FamibliHeréal.

BUGLOS&
BUGLOSSUM HORTENSE.

A Rough and unﬁghtly Plant kept in our
Gardens for the Sake of its Virtues, but very
rarely ufed. It grows to 3 Foot and a half high;
the Leaves are rough like thofe of Borage, but
they are long and narrow, of a deep green Colour,
and rough Surface. The Stalks are alfo covered
with a rough and almolt prickly Hairinefs. The
fame Sort of Leaves ﬂand on thefe as rife imme—
diately from the Root, only fmaller. The Flow-
ers ﬁand at the Tops of the Branches, and are very
pretty, though not very large; they are red when
they ﬁri’t open, but they afteiwards become blue.
The Root is long and brown. It flowers in 735716
and y‘zt/y.

Buglofs fhares with Borage the Credit of being
a Cordial; but perhaps neither of them have any
great Title to the Character; it is ufed like Borage
in cool Tankards, for there is no Way of making
any regular Preparation of it, that is poﬁbﬂ'ed
of any Virtues.

There is a wild kind of Buglofs upon Ditch-
Banks, very like the Garden kind, and of the
fame Virtues.

BURDOCK.
oBARDANA.

IF the lai’t mentioned Plant has more Credit for
medicinal Virtues than it deferves, this is not
fo much regarded as it ought. Providence has
made ibme of the mof’t ufeful Plants the molt
common, but, becaufe they are f0, we foolifhly

negleé‘t them.
It

"The U/éful Famzb Heréal. 5 3

It is hardly neceITary to defcribe the common Bur-
dock. It may be enough to fay, that it grows aYard
high, and has v‘al’t Leaves of a'Figure approach-
ing to triangular, and of a whitifh green ColOur.
The Stalks are round, ﬁriated, and very tough:
The F lowers are fmall and red, and they grow
among the hooked Prickles of thofe Heads which
we call Burs, and which Prick to our Cloaths.
Even this feems a Proviﬁon of Nature in‘ Kindnefs
to us. . In pulling off thefe we fcatter the Seeds of
which they are compofed, and give Rife to a mol’t
ufeful Plant in a new Place. The Root of the
Burdock is long and thick ; brown on the Outﬁde, .
and whitifh within 5 this is the Part ufed in Me—
dicine, and it is of very great Virtues. It is to
be boiled, or infufed in Water; the Virtue is diu-
retic, and it is very powerfully fo. It has cured
. Dropﬁes alone. The Seeds have the fame Vir—
tue, but in a lefs Degree. The Root is laid to
be fudoriﬁck and good in F evers; but its Virtue
in operating by Urine is its great Value.

BURNEL
PI MPINELLA SANGUISORBA.

Common wild Plant. It grows by Way-ﬁdes,

and in dry Places, and ﬂowers in ﬁlly. The
Leaves which rife immediately from the Root
are very beautiful; they are of the Winged kind,
being compofed of a great .Number of ﬁnaller,
growing on each Side a middle Rib, with an
odd one at the End. They are broad, lhort,
roundifh, and elegantly ferrated round the Edges.
The Stalks are a Foot high, round, ﬁriated, pur-
plifh or green, and almof’t naked ; the few Leaves
they have are like thofe at the Bottom. On the
Tops of thefe Stalks {land the F lowers; they are
difpofed in little round Cluﬂers, and are fmall

E 3 and .

54. The U/efzd Famigi H6754]. i

and of a pale reddifh Colour, and have a Num.
ber of Threads in the Middle.

Burnet is called a Cordial, and a Sudoriﬁc, and
is recommended in F evers. They put it alfo
into cool Tankards like Borrage'. The Root is a
good Aﬂringent; dried and powdered, it {tops
Fluxes, and Overﬂowings of the Menlks.

BURNETSAXIFRAGL
PI MPINELLA SAXIFRA GA.
A Pretty Plant, wild in our dry Paﬁures, and

_ under Hedges, but not very common in all

Parts of the Kingdom; it grows two Feet high,
and has the Flowers in Umbels. The Stalk
is ﬁrm, f’triated, and branched ; the Leaves riﬁng
from the Root are pinnated, and the lefTCr Leaves
of which they are compofed, are hard, of a deep
Green, narrow and indented. The Leaves upon
the Stalks are {mallet and narrower, the Flowers
are little and white, but they f’tand in fo large Cluf-
ters, that they make a Figure: The Root is
white, and of a hot burning Taﬁe; the Seeds are
ﬁriated.

The Root is the only Part ufed ; it lhould be
taken up in Spring before the Stalks lhoot up, and
‘ dried ; It is very good in Cholicks, and Diforders

of the Stomach, and it works by Urine.

BUTTER-BUR.
PETASITES.

Very iingular and very confpicUous Plant,

not {Infrequent with us in wet Places. The
Flowers appear before the Leaves, and they would
hardly be luppofed to belong to the fame Plant.
TheStalks are round, thick, fpungy, and of a whi-
tifh Colour, and have a few Films by Way of
Leaves

77w U/éful FamzZy Heréal. 5 5
Leaves upon them. On the Top of each ﬁands
a Spike of Flowers, of a pale reddifh Colour;
the whole does not rife to more than eight Inches
in Height. Thefe appear in~MarclL When they
are dead, the Leaves grow up ; thefe are roundiﬂi,
green on the upper Side, - and whitifh underneath,
of a val’t Bignefs, and ﬁand ﬁngly upon hollowed
F cot-Stalks, of a purplilh, whitilh, or greenifh Co-
lour; they are often two Feet broad. The Root
is white and long, it creeps under the Surface of
the Ground.

The Root is the Part ufed; it is praifed very
highly, as a Remedy in pei’tilential Fevers; but,
whether it deferve that Praife or not, it is a good
Diuretick, and eXcellent in the Gravel.

BUR-REED.
SPARGANIUM.

A Common Water Plant, with Leaves like Flags,
and rough Heads of Seeds : It is two or three _
Feet high. The Stalks are round, green, thick,
and upright. The Leaves are very long and nar-
row, {harp at the Edges, and with a lharp Ridge
on the Back along the Middle: 'They are of a
pale Green, and look freih and beautiful. The
Flowers are inconﬁderable and yellowifh: They
fiand in a kind of circular Tufts about the upper
Parts of the Stalk : Lower down ﬁand the rough
Fruits called Burs, from whence the Plant ob-
tained its Name; they are of the Bignefs of a large
Nutmeg, green and rough. The Root is com-
poled of a Qlantity of White Fibres.

The unripe Fruit is ufed; they are af’tringent,
and good againﬁ Fluxes of the Belly, and Bleed—
ings of all kinds : The beﬁ; Way of giving them
is infufed in a rough red Wine, with a little Cin-
namon, They ufe them in fome Parts of England
‘ E 4. exrernally

56. ﬁe Ufeful Family Heréal.‘

externally for Wounds. A Strong Decoétion of
them is made to wafh old Ulcers, and the Juice is
applied to frefh Hurts, and they fay with great
Succefs.

 

C.

The CHOCOLATE NUT—TREE.
CACAO.

THIS is an American Tree, very beautiful as
well as very valuable for its Fruit. The
Trunk is of the T hicknefs of a Man’s Leg, and
the Height of ﬁfteen Feet, but in this it Ddiffers
greatly according to the Soil- -, and the Size of the
Fruit alfo will dither from the lame Caufe, whence
fome have talked of four diﬁerent kinds of the
Chocolote Nut. The Tiee grows very regularly.
The Surface is uneven, for the Bark riies into
Tubercles , the Leaves me half a Foot long, three
Inches broad, of a ﬁne ﬂrong Green, and pointed
at the Ends. The Flowers are fm 111 and yel-
lowifh, and they grow in Clufters from the
Branches, and even from the T111nk of the Tree;
but each has its feparate Stalk. The Fruit is of
the Shape of a Cucumber, half :1 Foot long,
and thicker than a Man’s VVrii’t -, this is ridged,
and, when ripe, of a purplilh Colour, with fome
Tinét of Yellow. The Cac1o Nuts, as they are
called, me lodged within this Fruit, every Fruit
contains between twenty and thirty of them. They
are of the Bignefs of a l1rge Olive, but not f0
thick: And are compoied of a woody Shell, and
a large Kernel, which affords the Chocolate.
The common Way of taking this in Chocolate
is .not the only one in which it may be given,
the

m Ufeful Family Ham 57

the Nut itfelf may be put into Eleétuaries. It is
very nourifhing and reﬁorative.

CALAMINT.
CALAMINTHA.

Common wild Plant of great Virtues, but
too much neglected. It is frequent by our
Hedges, and in dry Places, and is a very robuﬁ
Herb. It is eight or ten Inches high, and has
roundifh dark green Leaves, and white Flowers.
The Stalks are fquare, and very much branched:
The Leaves are of the Bignefs of a Man’s Thumb—
nail, fomewhat hairy, and ﬂightly indented about
the Edges. The Flowers ﬁand in little Clui’cers ,
furrounding the Stalks, and are of a whitifh Co- ,
lour, a little tinged with purplifh. The Root is
compofed ,of a few Fibres. Calamint {hould be ga-
thered when juﬁ coming into Flower, and careful-
ly dried ; it is afterwards to be given in the Man—
ner of Tea, and it will do great Service in Weak-
neﬂes of the Stomach, and in habitual Cholicks.
I have known effectual and laﬁing Cures perform-
ed by. it.

PENNYROYAL CALAMINT.
CALAMINTHA ODORE PULEGII.

A Little Plant of the fame kind with the other,
and found in the fame Places, but more com—
man. It is at Foot high ; the Stalks are robul’t
and ﬁrm -, the Leaves are fmall, and of a whitiih
green Colour, and more hairy than in the other:
The Flowers are fmall and white, with a Tinge
of Purple ; the Plant grows more erect and is lefs
branched than the other; and it has a very ﬂrong
and not a very agreeable Smell 5 the other is ﬁrong-

fcented and pleafant.
This

5 8 We U/éfu/ Family Heréal. .

This is to be preferved dry as the othEr, and
taken in the fame Manner. It is excellent againﬂ:
Stoppages of the Menfes, and, if taken conf’tantly,
will bring them to a regular Cou'rfe.

CALVEs—SNOUT OR SNAPDRAGON.
ANTIRRHINUM. ‘

' Common wild Plant in many Parts of Eu-

rope, and is very frequent in our Gardens, and
upon the Walls of Gardens: Its natural Situation
is on Hills among barren Rocks, and nothing
comes fo near that, as the Top of an old Wall
with us : The Seeds are light and are eaﬁly car-
ried thither by the Wind, and they never fail to
ﬁrike, and the Plant ﬂourilhes. It is two Feet
high, the Stalks are round, thick, firm, and to-
lerably upright, but generally a little bent to—
wards the Bottom; the Leaves are very nume-
rous; they are oblong, narrow, not indented at
the Edges, blunt at the Ends, and of a bluilh
green Colour. The Flowers are large and red,
they ﬁand in a kind of loofe Spikes upon the Tops
of the Stalks; the Root is white and oblong.

The frelli Tops are ufed ; an Infuﬁon of them
works by Urine, and has been recommended by
fome in the Jaundice, and in other Difeafes ariﬁng
from Obi’trut‘iions of the Vifeera; but we have
f0 many EngZi/b Plants that excel in this Particu-
lar, and the Taite of the Infuﬁon is to far from
agreeable, that it is not worth while to have Re-

courfe to it.

CAMELS-

The U/Z‘fu‘leamiéz Heréal. ’59

CAMELS-HAY.
SCHENANTHUS.

A Sort of Grafs of a fragrant Smell, frequent in
many Parts of the Ball, and brought over
to us dried for the Ufe of Medicine. It grows to
aFoot high, and in all Refpet‘ts refembles fome of
our common kinds of Grafs, particularly the Dar-
nel. The Leaves are long and narrow: The
Stalks are round and jointed, and have gralTy
Leaves alfo on them, and the Flowers ﬁand on
the Tops of the Stalks in a double Series : They
are not unlike thofe of our GralTes, chaﬂry and
ornamented with a few Filaments.
It was at one Time in great Elfeem as a Me-
dicine; they called it a Cordial, and a Promoter of
the Menfes, but it is now very little regarded.

CHAMOMILE.
CHAMCEMELUM.

A Common lowwild Plant of a beautiful Green,
a fragrant Smell, and with Flowers not un-

like Dailies. It is frequent on damp Heaths, and
gets no Good by being brought into Gardens. It
grows larger there, but has lefs Efﬁcacy. In its
wild State it fpreads its Branches upon the Ground,
taking Root at the Joints. The Stalks are round,
green, and thick; the Leaves are very ﬁnely di~
vided, and of a dark blackifh green Colour. The
Flowers grow upon long F cot-Stalks, and are
white at the Edge, and yellow in the Middle;
The Flowers are molt ufed. Thofe which are raifed
for Sale are double, and they have very little Vir—
tue in Comparifon of the ﬁngle ones. They’ are -
to be taken in Tea, which is a pleafant Bitter;
Orin Powder they are excellent for Diforders of the
Stomach,

.60. Tim ~U/éful Family Herﬁal.

Stomach, and have fometimes cured Agnes, as
many other Bitters will. The Tea made of them
is alfo good againﬁ the Cholick, and works by
Urine.

The CAMPHOR-TREE.
ARBOR CAM_PHORIFERA.

'THIS is a kind of Bay-Tree of the Eaﬁ»-Imiz'es,
but it grows to the Height of our tall-alt
Trees. The Bark is brown and uneven on the
Trunk, but it is fmooth and green on the young
Branches. The Leaves are like thofe of the com-
mon Bay-Tree, only a little longer; and they are
curled at the Edges. The Flowers are {mall and
white, and the Fruit is 21 Berry altogether like our
Bay-Berries, and of the Bignefs of a large Pea.
The Wood of the Tree is white or a little reddifh,
and veined with black, and fmells of the C amphire.
The l caves alfo, when they are bruifed, fmell of
Camp}- , and the Fruit moﬁ' of all.

The only Product of this Tree, ufed in Medi-
cine, is the Reﬁn called Camphire; and this is not
a natural, but a fort of Chemical Preparation.
They cut the Wood to Pieces, and put it into a
fort of iubliming VeiTel, with an earthen Head
full of Straw. They make a Fire underneath,
and the Camphire rifes in Form of a white Meal,
and is found among the Straw. This is reﬁned
afterwards, and becomes the C amphire we ufe.

It is fndoriﬁck and works by Urine; it alfo pro-
motes the Menfes, and is good in Diforders of the
Bladder.

\VHI TE

The Uﬁzful Family Heréal. 61

WHITE CAMPION.
LYCHNIS FLORE ALBO.

A Common wild Plant in our Hedges and dry

Pal’tures, with hairy Leaves, and white F low~
ers. It grows to :1 Foot and a half high: The
Stalks are round and hairy; the Leaves are of an
oval Form, and alfo hairy; and they grow two at
every Joint : They are of a dufky Green, and are
not indented about the Edges. The Flowers are
moderately large, and White; they grow in a
kind of fmall Clufters on the Tops of the Branches,
and each has its feparate F oot-Stalk.

This is 21 Plant not much regarded for its Vir-
tues, but it deferves Notice; the country Peo-
ple gather the Flowers in fome Places, and give
them in the Whites and other VVeakneITes with
Succefs.

The CANEL BARK-TREE, CALLED THE
WINTER’S BARK—TREE.

CANELLA ALBA.

A Very beautiful American Tree. It grows ﬁfty '

Feet high, and is commonly much branched.
The Bark is of a greyifh Brown: The Leaves are
very like thofe of the Bay—Tree, and the Flowers
are purple; they are [ineg very fmall, but they
itand in a kind of Umbels, and make a very
pretty Figure : The Fruit is a Berry which ﬁands
in the Cup of the Flower: It is of the‘Bignefs of
a Pea, and of a deep blackiih Purple when ripe.
It is frequent in fﬂzmczim in wet Places.

The inner Rind of this Tree is the Part ufed
in Medicine; it is brought to us rolled up in
Qiills, inthe Manner of Cinnamon, and is ofa
fpicy Taf’te, and of a whitiih Colour. Its proper

3 Name

/

6.2 The U ﬂfu/ Family Herb].

Name is Camila 4154, white Canel ; but the Drug-
iﬁs have accuﬁomed themfelves to call it Cortex
W’im‘erzmus, I’Vz'nter’s—Bark. It has the fame Vir—
tues with that, but in a much lefs Degree; and
they are eaﬁly known Vafun‘der, that being the
whole Bark of the Tree, and compofed of two
Coats; this being only the inner Bark, and there-
fore compofed only of one. It is good in VVeak-
neffes of the Stomach, and in habitual Cholicks.
Some recommend it greatly in Palﬁes and all
nervous Complaints, but its Virtues of this kind
are not f0 well el’cablifhed.

CANTERBUKY BELLS.
TRACHELIUM MAJUS.

A Very beautiful wild Plant with Leaves like the

Stinging-Nettle, and large and very elegant
blue Flowers. It grows by Road-Sides, and in dry
Failures, and is two or three Feet high. The
Stalks are fquare, thick, upright, ﬁrong, and hairy.

“The Leaves grow irregularly, they are of a dufky

Green, and {land upon long F oot-Stalks; they
are broad at the Bafe, and {harp at the Point, and
all the Way indented very Iharply at the Edges.
They are hairy and rough to the. Touch. The
Flowers grow ten or a dozen together at the Top
of every Branch 3 they are very large and of a beau-
tiful blue Colour, hollow and divided into fe-
veral Parts of the Extremity. If the Soil be poor,

‘the Flowers will vary in their Colour to a pale

Blue, Reddilh, or White, but the Plant is {till the
fame.

The frefh Tops, with the Buds of the Flowers
upon them, contain mof’c Virtue, but the dried
Leaves may be ufed. An Infulion of them lhar'p-
ened with a few Drops of Spirit of Vitriol, and
fweetened with Honey, is an excellent Medicine

for

size Uﬁeful Family Heréal. 5.3

for fore Threats, ufed by ‘Way of a Gargle.
The Plant is f0 famous for this Virtue, that one ,
of its common EngZi/la Names is Throat—wort: If
the Medicine be i'wallowed, there is no Harm in it;
but, in the Ufe of every Thing in this Way, it is
beft to fpit the Liquor out together with the F 0111—
nelTes which it may have named from the affected
Parts.

The Carer: SHRUB.
C A P i} ARIS.

A Common Shrub in Frame and [14137, and
kept in our Gardens. The Pickles which
we know under the Name of Capers are made
of the Buds of the Flowers; but the Part to be
ufed in Medicine is the Bark of the Roots.
The Shrub grows to no great Height; the
Branches are weak, and ill able to fupport them-
felves, they are tough and prickly: The Leaves -
ﬁand irregularly, and are of an oval or roundiih
Figure; the Thorns are hooked like thofe of the
Bramble ; the Flowers, when full opened, are pur—
pliih and very pretty; the Fruit is roundifh.
The Bark of the Root is to be taken in Powder,
or Infuﬁon; it is good againft Obitruftions of the
Liver and Spleen, in the Jaundice, and Hypocon~
driac Complaints: It is alfo commended in Indi-
gel’tions.

The CARAN NA TR E-E.
CARANNA ARBOR.

A Tall Eaﬂéfndz'an Tree and a very beautiful one:

The Trunk is thick, and the Bark upon it is
brown and rough; that on the young Branches is
fmooth and yellowilh. The Leaves are long and

narrow, like thofe of fome of our Willow-Trees.
3 The

’, 64 7773 Uﬂful family Heréal.

The‘Flower is fmall and of a pale Colour, and
the Fruit is of the Bignefs of an Apple.

The Reﬁn, called Gum Caranna, is a Product
of this Tree; it is procured by cutting the Branches;
they fend it in Rolls covered with Leaves of Rufhes;
it is blackilh on the Outﬁde, and brown within.

Itis fuppofed a good nervous Medicine, but
it is rarely ufed.

'The LESSER CARDAMOI'M PLANT.
CARDAMOMUM MINUS.

N Edi—Indian Plant in many Refpeéts refem-
bling our Reeds. It grows to ten or twelve
Feet high. The Stalk is an Inch thick, round,
fmooth, green, and hollow, but with a Pith
within. The Leaves are half a Yard long, and
as broad as a Man’s Hand: Beﬁdes thefe Stalks,
there arife from the fame Root others which are
weak, tender, and about eight Inches high;
thefe produce the Flowers which are fmall and
greenifh, and after every Flower one of the Fruits
called the leffer Cardamoms, which are a light
dry hollow Fruit of a whitifh Colour, and {ome-
what triangular Shape ; of the Bignefs of an Horfe—
bean, and of a dry Subftance on the Outlide,
but with feveral Seeds within, which are reddilh
and very acrid, but plealant to the Tal’te.

Thefe Fruits are the leﬂ‘er Cardamoms, or, as
they are generally called, the Cardamom Seeds of
the Shops. They are excellent to ftrengthen the $
Stomach, and aﬁiﬁ: Digeftion. They are alfo
good for Diforders of the Head, and they are
equal to any Thing againl‘t Cholicks; they are
beft taken by chewing them ﬁngly in the Mouth,
and their Taite is not at all difagreeable.

The two other kinds are the middle Cardamom,

a long Fruit very rarely met with, and the great
Carda-

m,

The Uﬂful Family Heréalr .6 5

Cardamom otherwife called the Grain of Paradife,
much better than the Cardamoms. ’

The CARANNA TREEt
CARAGNA;

A Tall and fpreading Tree of the Weﬂ-Iizdz'er,
the Branches are numerous, and irregular ',
. the Trunk is covered with a brown Bark, the
Branches witha paler, they are brittle; the Leaves are
long and narrow, of a pale Green, and fharp pointed;
the Flowers are fmall, the Fruit is roundifh and
of the Bignefs of an Apple. This is the beﬁ: Ac;
count we have of it, but this is far from perfect
or fatisfaétory in every Refpeét. . V
All that we ufe of it is a Relin which, ouzes
out of the Bark, in the great Heats , this is brown,
fomewhat foft, and we have it in oblong Pieces
rolled up in Rufhes; we put it only externally;
a Plail’ter made of it is good for Diforders of the
Head, and fome fay will cure the Sciatica without
internal Medicines, but this is not probable.

CARLINE THISTLE;
CARLINA;

I Have obferved that many Plants are not {0

much regarded for their Virtues, as they ought
to be ; there are on the contrary fome which are
celebrated more than they deferve: The Carline
Thiltle is of this lal’c Number. It is not wholly
without Virtues, but it has not all that are afcrib-_
ed to it. p

This is a Plant without any Stalk. The Leaves
are long, narrow, of a dark green Colour, divided
and prickly at the Edges ; and they lie fpread upon
the Ground in Manner of a Star. The Flower

appears in the midﬁ of thefe without a Stalk, riﬁng
F imme-

g5}.

66 Wed U ﬁful Family Herécz’l.‘

immediately from the Root, with feveral {mall
Leaves round about it. It is the Head of a Thiﬁle,
and the ﬂowery Part is white on the Edge, and
yellow in the Middle. The Root is long, and of
a brown Colour on the Outﬁde, and reddifh with-
in; it is of a warm aromatic Taﬁe. .
‘ This is the only Part of the Plant ufed in Me—
dicine. They fay it is a Remedy for the Plague:
But however that may be, it is good in nervous
Complaints, and in Stoppagcs of the Menfes.

The CARAW‘AY PLANT.
,CARUM. '

Wild Plant of the umbelliferous Kind, fre~

quent in molt Parts of Europe, but cultivated
in Germany for the Sake of the Seed. I have met‘
with it very common in Lincoln/hire.

It grows to a Yard high; the Stalks are ﬁriated
and ﬁrm; the Leaves are ﬁnely divided, and the
Flowers are white and fmall, they grow in Tufts,
or Umbels, on the Tops of the Branches; the
Seeds that follow them are very well known.

' The Seeds are excellent in the Cholic, and in
Diforders of the Stomach, they are belt chewed.

WILD CAROT.
DAUCUS SYLVESTRIS.

A Common, Plant about our Hedges, and in
dry Paf’tures. It grows near 3 Yard high,
and has {mall Flowers, and after them rough Seeds
difpofed in Umbels, at the Tops of the Branches,
thefe are hollow, and thence called by the Chil-

dren Birds Nef’ts. -
The Stalks are ﬁriated and ﬁrm, the Leaves
are divided into ﬁne and numerous Partitions, and
. A ~ are.

3

722' U/éfzzl Familjz Heréal. 67
are of a pale Green and hairy; the Flowers are
white,

The Seed is the Part ufed in Medicine, and it
is a’very good Diuretic; it is excellent in all Dif-
orders of the Gravel and Stone, and all Obl‘truéti-‘
ons of Urine 3 it is alfo good in Stoppages of the
Menfes.

CANDY CAROT'S.
DAUCUS CRETENSIS.’

APlant frequent in the Eaf’t, and cultivated in
fome Places for the Seed. It grows near a Yard
high ; the Stalk is ﬁrm, upright, ﬁriated, and
branched : The Leaves are like thofe of Fennel,
only more ﬁnely divided, and of a Whitilh Co-
lour; the Flowers are White, and the Seeds are
oblong, thick in the Middle, and downy.

Thefe Seeds are the only Part ufed : They are
good in Cholics, and they work by Urine, but.
thofe of our own wild Plant are more ﬂrongly di-
uretic.

The CASCARILLA TREE.
CASCARILLA.

A Tree of South-America, of the Fruits and
Flowers of which we have but very imperfect
Accounts, though we are Very well acquainted
with the Bark of its young Branches. What we
have been told of it is, that the Branches are nu=
merous, and fpread irregularly; that the Leaves
are oblong, green on the upper Side, and whi-
tilh underneath; and the Flowers fmall, fragrant,
and placed in a Sort of Cluﬁers. '
The Bark which our Druggiﬁ, fell is greyilh on
the. Outlide, brown within, and is of an agreea—
ble Smell: When burnt they'called Eleuthe‘rian
A F 2 Bark,

68 The. U feful FamiZy Hark].

Bark, and Ballard Jefuits Bark : It is cordial and
aﬁringent.‘ It is very properly given in Fevers
attended with purging. And many haVe a Cu—
~it0m of fmoking it among Tobacco ; as a Reme~
dy of Head-achs, and Diforders of the Nerves:
It alfo does good in Pleurilies and Peripneumonies:
Some have recommended it as a fovereign Remedy
in thofe Cafes, but that goes too far.

The CASSIA FISTULA TREE.
CASSIA FISTULA.

THIS is a large Tree, Native of the Bali, and

a very beautiful one when in Flower. It
grows twenty or thirty Feet high, and is very
much branched. The Leaves are large, and of a
deep Green, and each is compofed of three or four
Pairs of fmaller, with an odd one at the End.
'The Flowers are of a greenifh Yellow, but they
are very bright, and very numerous, {0 that they
make a ﬁne Appearance, when the Tree is full of
them : The Pods follow thefe, they are two Feet
long, black, and woody, having within a black,
foft, pulpy Matter and the Seeds.

This pulpy Matter is the only Part ufed in
Medicine. It is a gentle and excellent Purge, the
lenitive Eleé‘tuary owes its Virtues to it. It never
binds afterward, and therefore is an excellent
lVledicine for thofe who are of coﬁive Habits; a
{mall Dofe of it being taken frequently.

The CA8 SIA BA R K TRE E.
CASSIA LlGNEA.
THIS is a large {presiding Tree, frequent in
the Edi-Indies; and very much refembling

the Cinnamon Tree in its Appearance. The
Branches are covered with a brownilh Bark ; the

2. - Leaves

7726 U/efu/ Family HeréaZ. 69

I eaves are oblong and pointed at the Ends, and
of a deep green Colour, and fragrant Smell. The
Flowers are fmall, and the Fruit refemble that of
the Cinnamon Tree.

The Bark of the Branches of this Tree is the
only Part ufed in Medicine ; it is of a reddilh
Brown Colour like Cinnamon, and refembles it in
Smell and Tafte, only it is fainter in the Smell,
and lefs acrid to the Taﬂe; and it leaves a glu-
tinous or mucilaginous Matter in the ’ Mouth.
It is often mixed among Cinnamon, and it poliéf-
fes the lame Virtues, but in a lefs Degree. How-
ever in Purgings it is better than Cinnamon, be-
caule of its mucilaginous Nature. It IS an excel-
lent Remedy given in Powder 1n thefe Cafes, and
is not f0 much ufed as it ought to be

The CASSIA CARYOPHYTHATA, OR
CLOVE BARK TREE.
CASSIA CARYOPHYTHATA.

T. H I S is a large and beautiful Tree, frequent
in Soutlz- America. The Trunk is covered
with a dulky Bark, the Branches with one that IS
paler coloured and more fmooth. The Leaves
are like thofe of our Bay—Tree, only larger, and
when bruifed, they ha‘re avery fragrant Smell:
The Flowers are fmall and blue, and have a white
Eye in the Middle.

The only Part of this Tree ufed in Medicine,
is the inner Bark of the Branches. This is brown,
thin, and rolled up like Cinnamon; it is hard
in Colour, of a fpicy Smell, and 111'I"ai’te it has
a mixed Flavour of Cinnamon and Cloves, and 1>
very hot and pungent.

It 15 good in Diforders of the Stomach, and in
‘ Cholics, but it is not f0 much ufed as it de~
fC1VCS . ,
F 3 CASH--

70 5726 Uﬂfu/ Family Herb].

,CASSIDONY, 0R ARABIAN Srmans.
'STZECHAS ARABICA.

A Very fragrant and pretty Shrub, Native of
Spain, and many other warm Parts of Eu-
rope. It grows much in the Manner of Laven—
der, to 3. Yard or more in height, and is not un—
common in our Gardens. The Branches are ﬁrm
and woody: ‘The young Shoots are pliable and
fquare, and are naked to the Top. The Leaves
Itand upon the Branches two at each Joint, they
are long, narrow, and white. The Flowers {tand
in little Cluﬁers or Heads, like thofe of Laven-
der ', and there are two or three large and beautiful
deep blue Leaves upon the Tops of the Heads,
which give them a very elegant Appearance.

The Flowers are the only Part tiled: They are
of the Nature of thofe of Lavender, but more
aromatic in the Smell : They are very ferviceable
in all nervous Complaints, and help to promote
the Menfes. They are belt taken dried and

powdered.

The CASSU MUNAR PLANT.
CASSUIV‘IUNAR.

Common Plant of the Ifzg/f—ﬁzdies, but of

which we do not fcem to have yet {0 perfect
a Defcription as might be wilhed. Its Leaves are
large, long, and like thofe of our Flags, and they
involve one another in a lingular Manner about
their Bafes. The Flowers are ﬁnall, and they
are in a Shape fomewhat like thofe of certain of
our OrchilEs. They are mottled with purple and
yellow: The Seed is little and brown, the Root
_ creeps under the Surface of the Ground, and is of
a, YC “

YZe U/éfal Family Herézzl. ‘ .7. I

a yellow Colour, and fragrant Smell, and of a.
warm Taﬁe.

The Roor is ufed: We have it at the Druggii’cs.
It is of the fame Nature with Zedoary, and has
by fome been called the yellow Zedoary. It is a
very good Medicine in nervous and hyi’ceric com-
plaints. It is warm and {trengthening to the
Stomach : It is remarkably good againﬂ: the
Head-ach and in Fevers. It operates quick by
Urine and by Sweat.

CATMINT.
NEPETA.

Common wild Plant about our Hedges, but

of very great Virtues ; it grows a Yard high,
and has broad whitifh Leaves, and White Flowers
like Mint. The Stalks are fquare, whitiih, hairy,
and erect: The Leaves l’tand two at a Joint : They
are broadeﬂ: at the Bafe, and terminate in an ob-
tufe End ; they are a little indented‘at the Edges,
and of a whitiih Green on the upper Side, and
very white underneath. The Flowers are {mall
and White; and they grow in a kind of fpiked
Clui’ters, furrounding the Stalks at certain Diltan-
ces. The whole Plant has a very ﬁ‘rong and not
very agreeable Smell.

Catmint fhould be gathered juft when the
Flowers are opening, and dried. It is an excellent
‘Noman’s Medicine; an Infuﬁon of it is good
againﬂ' hyll'cric Complaints, Vapours, and Pits,
and it moderately promotes the Menfes: It is
alfo good to promote the Evacuations after De~
livery.

F 4. GREAT

712 Sﬁhe~iQ§§7Q£IﬁI§22nzéytiﬁhanhall
:GREAJ‘CELANDINE
CHELID‘ONI‘_UM.MAJUS. .

A Common wild Plant with large Leaves, and
‘ ‘ yellow Flowers : Which, when broken in any
Part, Stalk, or Leaves, emits a yellow Juice. It
grows three Feet high, but the Stalks are not
very robuﬁ, they are round, green, and naked,
with thick Joints. The Leaves ﬂandtwo at each
Joint, they are large, long, and deeply divided
at the Edges, and are of a yellowifh Green. The
Flowers are fmall, but of a beautiful Yellow, and
they ﬁand on lon F oot-Stalks feveral together.

Celandine ﬂiou d be ufed frefh, for it loofes
the greateﬁ Part of its Virtue in drying. The
Juice is the belt Way of giving it -, and this is an
excellent Medicine in the Jaundice : It is alfo
good againﬂ: all Obftructions of the Vifcera, and
if continued a Time, will do great Service againﬁc
' the Scurvy. The Juice alfo is ufed fuccefsfully
for fore Eyes.

LITTLECELANDINL
CHELIDONIUM MINUS.

TI E great and the little Celandine, are Plants

f0 perfectly different, that it is hard to con-
ceive what could induce the old Writers to call
them both by the fame Name. They hardly a-
gree in any Thing, except it be that they have
both yellow Flowers. The great Celandine ap-
proaches to the Nature of the Poppy; the fmall
Celandine to that of the Crow-foot, nor are they
any more alike in Virtues than in Form. » .
Little Celandine is a low Plant, which is feen ~
almoft every where in damp Places in Spring,
with broad deep green Leaves, and glolly yellow
Flowers. It does not grow to any Height. The
' Iseavcs

7h UﬁfuI:-Iv_‘ngz rHeréall 73

Leaves are an Inch long: and nearly as broad ;
they fomewhat refemble thofeof the Garden He-
paricas, and are of a dark Green, and frequently
fpotted; they rife ﬁngly from the Root on long
{lender and naked'Stalks. The Flowers rife alfo
lingly from the Root, on long, Render, and naked
Stalks ; they are as broad as a Shilling, of a ﬁne
lhining yellow Colour, and compofed of a Num-
ber of‘ Leaves. The Root is ﬁbrous, and has
fmall white tuberous Lumps conneeted to the
Strings. ‘

The Roots are commended very much againft
the Piles, the Juice of them is to be taken in-
wardly -, and fome are very fond of an Ointment
made of the Leaves, they chop them in Pieces,
and boil‘them in Lard till they are crifp; then
ﬁ’rain of? the Lard, which is converted into a ﬁne
green cooling Ointment. The Operation of the
Roots is by Urine, but not Violently.

LITTLE CENTAURY.
CENTAURIUM MINUS.

A Pretty wild Plant which ﬂowers in Autumn,
in our dry Places. It is eight or ten Inches
high, the Leaves are oblong, broad, and blunt
at the Point, the Stalks are ﬁiﬁ', ﬁrm, and erect,
and the Flowers are of a ﬁne pale Red. There
grow a Cluf’ter of Leaves an Inch long or more
from the Root; the Stalks divide toward the Top
into feveral Branches, and the Flowers are long
and llender, and {land in a Clufter.
This is an excellent Stomachic; its Tall'e is
a pleafant Bitter, and given in Infufion; it {trength-
ens the Stomach, creates an Appetite, and is good
alfo againft Obﬁruﬂ’ions of the Liver and Spleen.
It is on this laft Account greatly recommended _
, 1n

.74. The U/éful FamiZy Heféal.

in Jaundices; and the Country People cure Agnes
with it dried and powdered. ’ _

As there are a greater and leﬁ'er Celandine,
there is alfo a great as well as this little Centau-
ry, but the large kind. is not a Native of our
Country, nor uied by us in Medicine. '

CHASTE TREE.
, AGNUS CASTRUS.

A Little Shrub, Native of Italy, and frequent

in our Gardens. It is ﬁve or ﬁx Feet high;
the Trunk is rough, the Branches are ﬁnooth,
grey, tough, and long: The Leaves are ﬁngered
or .fpread like the Fingers of one’s Hand : When
opened, ﬁve, ﬁx, or feven, of thefe Diviﬁons
ﬁand on each Stalk, they are of a deep Green
above, and whitilh underneath; the Flowers are
fmall and of a pale reddilh Hue; they {tand in
long loofe Spikes, the Fruit is as big as a Pep-
per—Corn.

The Seeds of this Shrub, were once fuppofed
to allay Venery, but no Body regard that now.
A Decoction of the Leaves and Tops, is good 'a~
gaini’t Obﬁru€tions of the Liver.

The BLACK CHERRY TREE.
CORASUS FR‘UCTU NIGRO.

THIS is awell known tall Tree, and well
ﬂiaped. The Leaves are broad, roundilh,
{harp at the Point, and indented round the Edges.
The Flowers are white, the Fruit is well enough
known. The medicinal Part ofthis is the Kernel
within the Stone. This has been fuppofed good .
againﬂ‘ Apoplexies, Palﬁes, and all nervous Dii1
eafes. The. \Vater diﬁilled from it, was for
this Reafon in conl‘cant Ute as a Remedy for
Children’s

m *Ufefulfamzily 1mg]. 7 5

Children’s Fits. ‘But a better Praétife has new
obtained: It is highly probable that this VVa’ter
occaﬁoned the Diforders it was given to remove.
Laurel Water when made of a great Strength,
we know to be a fudden Poifon: When weak, it
taﬁes like Black-Cherry—Water, and is, not mor-
tal: In the fame Manner Black-Cherry-Water,
' which ufed to be given to Children when weak
drawn, has been found to be poifonous when of
great Strength. There is therefore the greatell:
Reafon imaginable to fuppofe that in any Degree»
of Strength, it may do mifchief. Very probably
Thoufands of Children have died by this unfuf-
peeked Medicine.

The Gum which hangs upon the Branches of
Cherry-Trees, is of the fame Nature‘with the
Gum Arabic, and may be ufed for the fame
Purpofes, as in Heat of Urine, diﬁblved in Bar-
ley—Water.

WINTER CHERRY.
ALKEKENGI.

A Very ﬁngular and pretty Plant kept in our

Gardens; it grows two Feet high, not very
ereft, nor much branched; the Stalk is thick,
ﬁrong, and angulated: The Leaves are large,
broad, and {harp—pointed; the Flowers are. mo-
derately large and white, but with yellow Threads
in the Middle; the Fruit is a round red Berry of
the Bignefs of a common red Cherry, contained
in a green hollow Hulk round, and as big as a
Valnut. ' ‘

The Berries are the only Part ufed, they are to
be feparated from the Huiks and dried, and may
be then given in Powder or Decoc’lion. They are
very good in Stranguries, Heat of Urine, or the
Gravel: They alfo are given in Jaundices, and

Droplies:

76 7% ;U./éfzz/ Family Heréalr

Dropﬁes: They .will do good in thefe Cafes, but
are not to be depended upon alone.

CHERVIL
CHCEREFOLIUM.

A Sallad Herb cultivated in Gardens, but not
Without its medicinal Virtue. It is like Parv
ﬂey in its Manner of Growth, but the Leaves are
more divided, and of a paler Colour. The
Stalks are round, ﬁriated, hollow, and of a pale
Green -, they divide into feveral Branches, and are
about two Feet high: The Leaves on them are
like thofe from the Root, but fmaller. The
Flowers are bitter and white, they [land in large
Tufts at the Tops of the Branches. The Seeds
are large and ﬁnooth.
The Roots of Chervil work by Urine, but mow
derately they lhould be given in Decoﬂ‘ion,

The CHESNUT TREE.
CASTANEA.

A Tall fpreading and beautiful Tree. The Bark

is ﬁnooth and grey: The Leaves long and
moderately broad, deep, and beautifully indented
round the Edges, and of a ﬁne firong Green. ‘ The
Flowers are a kind ol‘Catkins, like thofe of Wil-
lows, long and ﬂender, and of a yellowilh Co—
lour; the Fruits are covered with a rough prickly
Shell, and under that, each particular Chefnut,
has its ﬁrm brown Coat and a thin Skin, of an
aul’tere Taf’te over the Kernel.

This thin Skin is the Part ufed in Medicine, it
is to be feparated from the Chefnut, not too ripe
and dried: It is a very ﬁne Aﬁringent; it ﬂops
Purgings and Overﬂowings of the Menfes,

EARTH

ﬁe U ﬂful Family Herézzli . 77

EARTH—CHESNUT, OR EARTH-N61."
BULBOCASTANUM.‘

A Common wild Plant, which has the Name
from its Root. This is of the Bignefs of a.
Chcfnut, rOundifh, brown on the Outﬁde, and
white within, and of a fweet Taﬁe. The‘ Plant
grows to a Foot high: The Leaves are divided
into ﬁne and numerous Partitions : The Stalk is
ﬁrm, upright, round, ﬁriated, and green ; the
Flowers are white and little, but they grow in
great Tufts on the Tops of the Branches. '

The Root is the Part ufed; it is to be waited
in the Manner of a Chefnut and eaten. It is faid
to have great Virtues, as a Provocative to Ve»
nery, but this is not well conﬁrmed.

CHICK-WEED.
ALSINE MEDIA.

THE commoneft of all Weeds, but not with-

out its Virtue. The right Sort to ufe in Me-
' dicine (for there are feveral) is that which grows
f0 common in our Garden—Beds: It is low and
branched. The Stalks are round, green, weak,
and divided : They commonly lean on the Ground.
The Leaves are fhort and broad, of a pleafant
Green, not dented at the Edges, and pointed at
the Edges, thefe grow two at every Joint. The
Flowers are white and fmall.

The whole Plant cut to pieces, and boiled in
Lard till it is crifp, converts the Lard into a ﬁne
green cooling Ointment. The Juice taken in-
wardly, is good againf‘t the Scurvy.

The

7.8 733 U/éful Family Heréak

The CHINA-ROOT PLANT.

SMILAX CUJUS RADIX CHINA
OFFICIORUM.

. Nailing Plant frequent in the Eq/lolndz'er. It

~ grows to ten or twelve Feet in Length, but
the Stalks are weak, and unable to ﬂand erect;
they are ridged, of a brown Colour, and ‘fe‘ with
hooked yellow Prickles. The Leaves are ob«
long and broad, largel’c at the Stalk, and blunt
at the Points, of a ﬂiining green Colour, and gloﬂ‘y
Surface; the Flowers are fmall and yellowilh;
the. Fruit is a round yellowilh Berry. The Root
is large, irregular, and knotty; brown on the
Outﬁde, and reddilh within. This is the Part
Ilfed, they fend it over to our Druggif’ts: It is
aSweetener of the Blood, and is ufed in Diet-drinks
for the Venereal Difeafe, and the Scurvy. It is
alfo laid to be very good pagainl’t the Gout, taken
for a long Time together.

There is another kind of this Root brought
from Almerim, paler on the Outfide, and much of
the fame Colour with the other within, fome
have fuppofed it of more Virtue than the other,
but molt fuppofe it inferior, perhaps neither has
much.

CHICH.
CICER.

ALittle Plant of the Pea kind, Town in fome

Places for the Fruit as Peas. The Plant is
low and branched; the Stalks are round and
weak, and of a pale Green. The Leaves are like
thofe of the Pea, but each little Leaf is narrower,
and of a paler Green, and hairy like the Stalk :

The Flowers are ﬁnall and white, and refemblc
the

The Ufeful Family Herédl.‘ 79

the Pea BlofTom. The Pods are Ihort, thick, and
hairy, and feldom contain more than two, often
but one Seed or Chich in each.

They are eaten in fome Places, and they are
gentle Diuretics.

CINCLEFOIL.
PENTAPHYLLUM.

A creeping wild Plant common about VV av-

ﬁdes, and in Paf’cures. The Stalks are 101111 1
and fmooth, and ufually c1 11 re: 1151111 Colour,
they lie upon the Ground, 1131 t 1m R: a a: the
Joints, the Leaves ﬁand on long Foot— Staiks,
ﬁve on each Stalk, they are aboveo an Inch long,
narrow, of a deep dufky Green, and indented at
the Edges, the Flowers alfo ﬁand on long F oot—
Stalks, othey are yellow and of the Breadth of a
Shilling, very bright, and beautiful. The Root
is large and long, and is covered with a brown
Rind.

'I he Root IS the Part ufed, it {hould be dug up
in ﬂprzl and the outer Bark taken off and dried,
”the refl: 1s Lifelefs, this Bark 15 to be given in Pow-
der for all Sorts of Fluxes It Props Purgings,
and the Overﬂowings of the Menfes, few Drugs

are of equal Power.

The CI‘NNAMON TREE.
CINNAMON.

Large Tree frequent in the Eaf’t, and not un-

like the Bay—Tree in its Flowers, Fruit,
Leaves, or Manner of Growth, only larger. The
Bark lS rough on the Trunk, and fmooth on the
Branches; It has little Taﬁe While frefh, but be—
comes aromatic and fharp, in that Degree we per—
ceive by drying. The Leaves are of the Shape
of

80. 7'59 U/éful Family Heréal.

of Bay Leaves, but twice as big; the Flowers are
fmall and whitifh; the Berries are little oblong,
and of a bluifh Colour, {potted with white.

The Root of the common Tree fmells {trongly
of Camphire, and aVery ﬁne kind of Camphire
is made from it in the EaﬂE, the Wood is white
and inﬁpid. The Leaves are fragrant.

The Root is the only Part ufed, and this is an
excellent Altringent in the Bowels; it is cordial
and good to promote Appetite : It alfo promotes
the Menfes, though it aéts as an Aﬁringent in
Other Cafes.

The WINTERS BARK TREE.
CORTEX WINTERANUS.

A Bark called by many Winters Bark, has been
already defcribed under its true Name Ca-
nella Alba, in this Place we are to inquire into
the "true VVinters-Bark, called by many Writers
Cinnamon. The Tree which affords it is a Tree
of twenty Feet high, very fpreading, and full of
Branches, the Bark is greyr on the Outﬁde, and
brown within. The Leaves are two Inches long,
and an Inch broad, ﬁnall at the Stalk, and ob-
tufe at the End, and divided a little. The Flow-
ers are white and fweet-fcentcd, the Fruit is a {mall
Berry.

The Bark is the Part ufed, they fend over the
two Rinds together: It is very fragrant, and of
a hot aromatic Taf’te. It is a Sudoriﬁc, and
a Cordial, and it is excellent againﬁ the Scurvy.

The

m agarmamrzar 8 3:.

The Crsrvs Sirius n,- from‘ which Label» l:
num is procured.
‘CISTUS 'LADANIFERA.

AVery pretty Shrub frequent in the Greek Iﬂands,

and in other warm Climates“ It is two or
‘ three Feet high, Very much branched, and has
broad Leaves, and beautiful large Flowers. The
Trunk is rough; the Twigs are reddifh; the
Leaves are almol‘t of the Shape of thofe of Sage;
they {land two at every Joint, and are of a dark
green Colour. The Flowers are of the Breadth
of halfa Crown, and of a pale red Colour. The
Gum Labdanum is procured from this Shrub, and
is its only Produce ufed in Medicine. This is an
Exudation difcharged from the Leaves in the
Manner of Manna, more than of any Thing elfe.
They get it 01f by drawing a Parcel of leather
Thongs over the Shrubs. It is not much ufed,
but it is a good Cephalic.

The CITRON-TREE.
CITRIA SIVE MALUS MEDICA.

A Small Tree with prickly Branches, but very

beautiful in its Leaves, Flowers, and Fruit;
the Trunk is grey and rough; the Twigs are
green. The Leaves are ﬁx Inches long, and of
a kind of oval Figure, and of a molt beautiful
green Colour. The Flowers are White like thofe
of the Lemon Tree, and the Fruit refembles :1
Lemon; but it is larger and often full of Protu-
beranes. The outer Rind is of a pale Yellow, and
very fragrant, the inner Rind is exceedingly thick,
and white; there is very little Pulp, though the
Fruit be fo large. The Juice is like that of the

Lemon; but the yellow outer Rind is the only
G Part

,82 .YZe Uﬁful Famigy Heréal.

Part ufed in Medicine : This is an excellent Sto—
machic, and of a very pleafant Flavour. The
Barbarian; Water owes its T'af’te to the Peel of this
Fruit; and there is a Way of making a Water
very nearly equal to it in England, by the Addi-
tion of Spice to the frefh Peels of good Lemons;
the Method is as follows.

Put into a fmall Still a Gallon of ﬁne Melalﬁs
Spirit, put to it ﬁx Ounces of the Peels of very
ﬁne Lemons, and half an Ounce of Nutme s, and
one Dram of Cinnamon bruifed, " let them Ptand all
Night, then add two Qiarts of Water, and
faﬁen on the Head; diﬂil ﬁve Pints and a half,
and add to this a Quart and half a Pint of Water,
with ﬁve Ounces of the ﬁnei’t Sugar diﬂ'olved in

it. This will be very nearly equal to the ﬁneﬁ:
' Barbadaes Water.

The CITRULL.
CITRULLUS.

A Creeping Plant of the Melon kind, cultivated
in many Parts of Europe and the Ball. The
Branches or Stalks are. ten Feet long, thick, an—
gular, ”ﬂefhy, and liairy : They trail upon the
Ground 'unlefs fupported. The Leaves are large,
and ﬁand ﬁngly on long Foot-Stalks, they are di-
vided deeply into ﬁve Parts, and are hairy alfo
and of a pale green Colour ; the Flowers are large
and'yellow, and very like thofe. of our Cucumbers ;
the Fruit is alfo like the Melon, and Cucumber
kinds, roundiﬂi, often llatted and compofed of a
ilelhy Part under a thick Rind, with Seeds and
Juice within.
The Seeds are the only Part ufed, our Drug—
gil’ts keep them ; they are. cooling, and they work

1

by Urine gently, they are bei’t given in Form of l

an Egmulﬁou, beat up with Barley-\Vate‘r.
C LA RY

’

§ﬁe Ujéfztl Family Herod]. 83

~CLARY.~
HORMINUM;

CLary is a COmmOn Plant in ourGardens, not

very beautiful, but kept for its Virtues. It
grows two Feet and a half high; the Leaves are
rough, and the Flowers of a Whitifh blue. The
Stalks are thick, ﬂelhy, and upright ;. they are
clammy to the Touch, and a little hairy. The
Leaves are large, wrinkled, and of a dufkyGr’e’en,
broad at the Bafe, and fmaller to the Point, which
is obtufe ; the Flowers ﬁand in long loofe Spikes,
they are difpofed in Circles round the upper Parts
of the Stalks, and are gaping and large, the Cups
in which they ﬁand are robuﬂ: and in fome Degree
prickly.

The whole Herb is ufed frefh or dried. It is
cordial, and in fome Degree aﬁringent. It
ﬁrengthens the Stomach, is good againi’t Head-
achs, and ﬂops the Whites, but for this laft Pur-
pofe, it is neceﬁary to take it a long Time ; and
there are many Remedies more powerful.

There is a kind of wild Clary on our Ditch '
Banks, and in dry Grounds, which is ihppofed
to poﬂ'efs the fame Virtues with the Garden kind.
The Seeds of this are put into the Eyes to take
out any little offenﬁve Subﬁance fallen into them. 3
As foon as they are put in, they gather a Coat
of Mucilage about them,rand this catches hold
of any little thing it meets with in the Eye. Dr.
Parfom has perfeétly explained this in his Book
of Seeds.

G 2 ' CLEA-

i

84. The Uﬁﬁzi Family Heféal,

CLEAVER&
‘APARINE

AVVild Herb common in all our Hedges, and
known by {ticking to PeOples Cloaths as they
touch it. The Stalks are fquare and very rough,
two Feet long, but weak and unable to fupport
themfelves, they climb among BUﬂICS. The
Leaves are 16mg and narrow, and of a pale Green,
the row feVeral at every Joint, encompaﬂing the
Stal in the Manner of the Rowe} of’a Spur:
They are rough in the fame NIanner 'with the
Stalk, and flick to every Thing they touch. The
Flowers are {mall and White; the Seeds grow
two together, and are rOundilh and rough like
the tell: of the Plant -, the Roottis ﬁbrous.

The JuiCe of the frelh Herb is ufed, it cools
the Body, and operates by Urine -, it is good a-
gainl’t the Scurvy, and all other outward Difor-'
ders. Some pretend it will cure the Evil, but
thuisnotnue

r The CLOVE BARK-TREE.
CASSIA CARYOPHYLLATA.

ATall and beautiful Tree, Native of the WEﬂé
Indies. The Trunk is covered with a thick
brown Bark, that of the Branches is paler and»
thinner. The Arms fpread abroad, and are not
very regularly difpofed, the Leaves are oblong,
broad, and iharp—pointed; they are like thofe of
the Bay—Tree, but twice as big, and of a deep
green Colour. The Flowers are fmall and blue,
they'are pointed with Streaks of Orange Colour,
and are of a fragrant Smell; the Fruit is roundilh;
we ufe the Bark, which is taken from the larger
and- ﬁnallcr Branches, but that from the ﬁnaller

is

YZe U/éful Famify Hez~éa[. 8 5

is belt. It is of a fragrant Smell, and of a mixed ,
T afte of Cinnamon and Cloves: The Cinnamon
Flavour is ﬁrlt perceived, but after that the Tal‘ce
of Cloves is predominant, and is f0 very ﬁrong,
that it feems to burn the Mouth. It is excellent
againﬂ: the Cholic, and it warms and ﬁrengthens
the Stomach, and afﬁi’ts Digef’tion : It is alfo a
Cordial, and in {mall Dofes joined with . other
Medicines promotes Sweat. It is not much ufed
fairly in Praétice, but many Tricks are played
with it by the Chymil’ts, to imitate or adulterate
the feveral Productions of Cloves and Cinnamon,
for it is cheaper than either.

The CLOVE JULY—FLOWER.
CARYOPHYLLUS RUBER.

ACommon and very. beautiful Flower in our
Gardens; it has its Name from the aroma—
tic Smell, which refembles the Clove Spice, and
from the time of its ﬂowering which 'is in 7%)).
It is a Carnation only of one Colour, a deep and
ﬁne Purple. The Plant grows two Feet high 5
the Leaves are raﬂ'y ; the Stalks are round and
jointed; the F ower grows at the Tops of the
Branches, and the whole Plant beﬁdes is of a blue,
iih Green. '

The Flowers are ufed; they are cordial, and
good for Diforders of the Head; they may be
dried, and taken in Powder or in form of Tea,
but the belt Form is the Syrup. This is made
by pouring ﬁve Pints of boiling Water upon three
Pounds of the Flowers picked from the Hufks,
and with the white Heels cut GEE Alter they.
have ﬂood twelve Hours, {training of? the clear
Liquor Without preﬁing, and dilfolving in it two
Pound of the ﬁneﬂ‘ Sugar to evenr Pint. This

G 3 makes

86 73:2" Uﬁful Family Heréal;

makes the moﬁ: beautiful and pleafant of all
Syrups, ‘ ‘

The CLOVE SPICE TREE. .
CARYOPHYLLUS AROMATICUS.

ABeautifuI Tree, Native of the warm Countries.

It grows twenty or thirty Feet high, and
very much branched. The Bark is greyilh; the
Leaves are like thofe of the Bay-Tree, but twice
as large ; they are of a bright fhining Green, and
ﬁand upon long Foot—Stalks; the Flowers are
not very large, but of a beautiful blue Colour,
and the Cups that contain them, are oblong and
ﬁrm; thefe are the Cloves of the Shops. They
gather them foon after the Flowers are fallen.
When they fuf’fer them to remain longer on the
Tree, they grow large, and {well into a fruit as
big as an Olive.

The Cloves are excellent againit Diforders of
the Head, and of the Stomach; they are warm,
cordial, and ﬁrengthening; they expel Wind,
and are a good Remedy for the Cholic. The Oil
of Cloves is made from thefe by ChymiﬁS; it
cures the Tooth-ach -, a bit of Lint being wetted,
with it, and laid to the Tooth. C

COCKLm
PSEUDOMELANTHIUM.

ATall, upright, and beautiful Plant, wild in our
Corn-Fields with red Flowers, and narrow
Leaves. It is two Feet high : The Stalk is ﬁngle,
ﬂender, round, hairy, very ﬁrm, and perfectly
upright. The Leaves ﬁand two at a Joint, and
are not very numerous: They are long, narrow,
hairy, and of a bright green Colour: The Flowers
ﬁend ﬁngly one at the Top ofeach Branch. They
1 are

77w UﬂfzdF‘dIﬂi/y Heréc'zl. 8 7

are very large, and of a beautiful Red. They have.
an elegant Cup, compofed of ﬁve narrow hairy,
Leaves, which are much longer than the F lower;
The Seed Veffel is roundilh, and the Seeds are-
black. They are apt to be mixed among Grain,

and give the Flour an ill Talte. ‘

The Seeds are ufed; they work by Uri;
open all Obl’truétions ; they promote the it ,-
and are good in the Dropfy and Jaundiceg':
beft Way of giving them is powdered, and pm;
into an Plleétuary to be taken for a-rContinuance
of Time : For thefe Medicines, whofe Virtues are
againl’t Chronic Difeafes, do not take Ellhét at
once. Many have difcontinued them for that
Reafon: And the World in general is, from the
famexCaufe, become fond of chymical Medicines,‘
but thefe are fafer, [and they are more to be de-'
pended upon -, and if the two Praélices were fairly
tried, chymerical Medicines would loofe their
Credit.

The COCULUS INDI TREE.

ARBOR COCULOS INDICOS FE~
RENS.

A Moderately large Tree, Native of the warmer
Parts of "the World. It is irregular in its
Growth, and full of Branches; the Leaves are
lhort, broad, and of a Heart—like Shape; they
are thick, ﬂelhy, fmall, and of a dulky Green 3 the
Flowers are fmall and {land in Clufters ; the Fruits
follow thefe, they are of the Bignefs of a large.
Pea, roundilh, but with a Dent on one ﬁde,
wrinkled, ﬁriable, and brown in Colour, and of
an ill Smell. v, , ‘

The Powder of thefe ﬁrewed upon Children’s
Heads that have Vermin del’troys them, People
alfo intoxicate ﬁlh by it. Make a Pound of Pafte.

' .G 4. - With

88 ﬁve ‘U/éfu! Famz’gy Heréal.

with Flower and Water, and add a little red Lead
to colour it, add to it two Ounces of the Coculus
Indi powdered. See where Roach and other F ifh
rife, and throw in the Paﬁe in fmall Pieces, they
will take it greedily, and they will be intoxicated.
They will fwim upon the Surface with their Belly-
u ward, and may be taken out with the Hands.

hey are not the worfe for eating.

The CODAGA SHRUB.
CODAG'A PALI.

A Little Shrub frequent in the Eaﬂ—Indz’es, and

very beautiful, as well as ufeful. It grows
ten or ﬁfteen Feet high; the Branches are brittle,
, and the Wood is white. T he Leaves are long
and narrow, not at all notched at the Edges, and
of a. beautiful Green on both ﬁdes, the Flowers
are large and white, and fomewhat refemble thofe
of the Role-bay, or Nerium, of which fome make
it a kind. Each Flower is fucceeded by two long
Pods, which are joined at the Ends, and twift
one about the other, they are full of a cottony
Matter about the Seeds. The whole Plant is full
of a milky Juice, which it yields plentifully when
broken.’ ’

The Bark is the only Part ufcd, it is but newly
introduced into Medicine, but may be had of the
Druggif’ts, it is an excellent Remedy for Putgings.
It is to be given in Powder for three or four Days,
and aVomit or Bleeding before the Ufe 'of it,
as may be found neceffary.

The COFFEE—TR E E.
ARBOR COFFEE FERENS.
Beautiful Shrub of the Eaﬁern Part of the
World, which we keep in many of our Stoves,

and which ﬂowers and bears its Fruit with us. ,It
' grows

The Uféful 'Famzbl Heréal. 89
grows eight or ten Feet high, the Branches are
{lender and weak; the Leaves are large; oblong,“
and broad, fomewhat like thofe of the Bay—Tree,
but bigger and thin. The Flowers are white, mo-‘
derately large, and like Jafmine ; the Fruit is a.
large Berry, black when it is ripe, and in it are
two Seeds, which are what we call Coffee; they
are whitifh, and of a difagreeable Tafte when
raw.

Coffee helps Digeftion, and difpels Wind: And
it works gently by Urine. The bel’c Way of tak-
ing it is as we commonly drink it, and there are
Conﬁitutions for which it is very proper.

SEA COLEWORT 0R SEA BINDWEED.
SOLDANELLA.

APretty wild Plant that we have on the Sea
, Coafts in many Places, and that deferves to .
be much more knoWn than it is as 3. Medicine.
The Stalks are a Foot long, but weak and unable
to fupport themfelves upright. They are round
and green or purplifh : The Leaves are roundifh,
but fhaped a little Heart falhioned at the Bottom;
they ftand upon long Foot-Stalks, and‘ are of a
ﬂiining Green. The Flowers are large and red,
they are of the Shape of a Bell; the Roots are
white and ﬁnal], a milky Juice ﬂows from the
Plant when any Part of it is broken; efpecially
from the Root. . .
The whole Plant is to be gathered frefh when
about ﬂowering, and boiled in Ale with fome
Nutmeg and a Clove or two, and taken in (Alan—
tities proportioned to the Perfon’s Strength; it is a
thong Purge, and it fometimes operates alfo by
Urine, but there is no harm in that. It is ﬁtteﬁ
for country People of robuﬁ Conﬁitutions, but it
will cure Dropﬁes and Rheumatiﬁn. Nay I have
known

i 90 TM Uﬂful Family Heréal;

known a Clap cured on a country Fellow, by
only two Dofes of it. The Juice which ouzes'
from the Stalk and Roots may be faved, it har—
dens into a Subi’tance like Scammony, and is an
excellent Purge.

COLTSFOOT.
TUSSILAGO.

Common Wild Herb of excellent Virtues, but

f0 different in its Spring and Summer, as that-
it is fcarce to be known for the fame. The Flow~
ers appear in Spring without the Leaves; they
grow on Stalks ﬁx or eight Inches high, round,
thick, ﬁefhy, and of a redilh Colour, on which
there ﬂand a kind of Films inf‘tead of Leaves. The
_ Flowers grow one at the Top of each Stalk, they
are yellow, and as large as thofe of Dandelion,
‘ and like them.

The Leaves come up after thefe are decayed
they are as broad as ones Hand, roundilh, and {up-
ported each on a thick hollowed Stalk, they are
green on the upper ﬁde, and white and downy
Underneath. The Flowers are not minded, thele
Leaves only are ufed.

COLUMBINE.
AQUILEGIA.

ACommon Garden Flower, but a Native alfo
of our Country, It grows two Feet high;

the Leaves are divided into many Parts, gene~
rally in a threefold Order; the Stalks are round,
ﬁrm, upright, and a little hairy 5 the Flowers are
blue and large; the Seeds are contained in a kind
of horned Capfules. The Leaves and the Seeds
are ufed; a Decoétion of the Leaves, is faid to
be good againl’t fore Threats. The Seeds open
' Obﬁruétions, ‘

The U/éful Famigy -Her5al. - 91

le’truftions, and are excellent in the Jaundice,
and other Complaints from like Caufes.

COMFREY.
SYMPHYTUM.

ACommon wild Plant of great Virtue, it is
frequent by Ditch ﬁdes; it grows a Foot and
half high: The Leaves are large, long, not very
broad, rough to the Touch, and of a deep dif-
agreeable Green: The Stalks are green, thick,
angulated, and upright. The Flowers grow a:
long the Tops of the Branches, and are white,
fometimes redifh, not very large, and hang, often
downwards. The Root is thick, black, and ir-
regular; when broken it is found to be white
within, and full of a ﬁimy Juice. This Root is
the Part ufed, and it is bell frelh, but it may
be beat up into a Conferve, with three times it;
Weight of Sugar. It is a Remedy for that terri—'
ble Difeafe the Whites. It is alfo good againﬂ:
{pitting of Blood, bloody Fluxes, and Purgings,
and for inward Bruifes. ' ’

The CONTRAYERVA PLANT.
CONTRAYERVA,

Very ﬁngular Plant, Native of ﬂmerim, and

not yet got into our Gardens. It conﬁfts only

of Leaves rifing from the Root, upon ﬁngle Foot-
Stalks, and Flowers of a ﬁngular kind {landing alfo
on lingle and feparate F cot-Stalks, with no Leaves
upon them. The Leaves are large, Oblong, very
broad, and deeply divided on each Side, their Co~
lcur is a dulky Green, and the Foot—Stalks on
which they f’tand are fmall and whitifh, and often
bend under the Weight of the Leaf. The Stalks
which fupport the Flowers, are {horter and weaker
than

92. m Ufsfu/ Famigy Heréal.

than thefe; and the Flowers are of a very pecu-
liar kind -, they are difpofed together in a kind of
ﬂat Form, and are very fmall and inconﬁderable.
The Bed on which they are ﬁtuated is of an oval
Figure, and is called the Placenta of the Plant;
ﬁbofapﬂeCdmnaMimm.

We are told of another Plant of the fame kind;
the Leaves of whiCh are lefs divided, and the
Placenta is fquare, but the Roots of both are
allowed to be exactly alike, and it is therefore
more probable, that this is not another Plant, but
the fame in a different Stage of Growth. '

We ufe the R00ts, our Druggiﬁ's keep them,
and they are the principal Ingredient in that fa—
mous Powder, called from its being rolled up into
Balls, Lapis Contrayerva. It is an excellent Cor-
dial and Sudoriﬁc, good in Fevers and in nervous
Cafes, and againit Indigeﬁions, Cholics, and
Weakneffes of the Stomach. It may be taken in
Powder or in Tincture, but it is better to give it
abm,dmiwththwmomeM(mms
and other ufelefs Ingredients, which go into the
Contrayerva Stone. In Fevers and nervous Dif-
orders, it is hell to give it in Powder, in VVeak—
neiTes of the Stomach, it is belt in Tincture. It
is alfo an excellent Ingredient in bitter Tinctures,
and it iswonderful the prefent Praazice has not put
it to that Ufe. All the old Prefcribers of Forms
for thefe Things, have put fome warm Root into
them, but none is fo proper as this, the moft
uﬁial has been the Galangul, but that has a moﬂ'
difagreeable Flavour in Tiné‘ture: The Contray—
erva has all the Virtues expected to be found in
that, and it is quite unexceptionable. ~

‘he ":33:

m ()ﬂful Ema). Hawaii. 93

The COPAL TREE.
ARBOR COPALIFERA.

A Large Tree of Sotttb‘Amerim. It grows to a

great Heighth, and is tall, (trait, and tole-.
rably regular; the Bark of the Trunk is. of a
deep Brown. The Branches are bitter. The
Leaves are large and oblong, and they are blunt
at the Ends -, they are deeply cut in at the Edges,
and if it were not that they are a great deal long;
er in Proportion to their Breadth, they would be
very like thofe of the Oak; the Flowers are mo—
derately large, and full of Threads; the Fruit
is round, and of a Blood Red when ripe.

We ufe a Reﬁn which ouzes from the Bark of
large Trees of this Species in great Plenty, and is
called Copal; it is o a pale yellow Colour, fome—
times brownilh, and often colourlefs, and like
Gum Arabic ; we have .a Way of calling it a Gum,
but it is truly a Reﬁn; and the yellow Pieces of
it are {0 bright and tranfparent, that they very
much refemble the pureft Amber.

It is good againl’c the Whites, and againl’c
Weakneﬁ'es left after the venereal Difeafe, but it
is not fo much ufed on thefe Occaﬁons as it de-
ferves. It is excellent for making Varnifhes; and
what is commonly called Amber Varnifh amono
our Artiﬁs is made from it. Amber will make
a very ﬁne Varnilh, better than that of Copal,
or any other kind; but it is dear.

We fometimes fee 'Heads of Canes of the co-
lourlefs Copal, which feem to be of Amber, only
they want its Colour, thefe are made of the fame
Reﬁt], in the Ea/i-Indz'es Where it grows harder.

CORAL.

394. 7772 U fofﬂl Famigy Heﬁédl

. CORAL
CORALLIUM.

ASea Plant of the Hardnefs of a' Stone, anti

with very little of the Appearance of an
Herb. The red Coral, which 15 the Sort 11fed in
Medicine, grows 3. Foot or more in Height, the
Trunk is as thick as a Man’s Thumb, and the
Branches are numerOus It is faﬁened to the
Rocks by a Cruft which fpreads oVer them, and
is covered all over with a Cruf’t alfo of a coarfe
Subﬁance and {hiated Texture. Towards the
Tops there are Flowers and Seeds, but ve1y ﬁnall,
from thefe rife the young Plants The Seeds have
a mucilaginous Matter about them, which ﬂicks
them to the Rocks The whole Plant appears
like a naked Shrub without LeaVes or Viﬁble
Flowers.

It has been fuppofed lately that Coral is made
by {mall Infeéts, but this is an Error; Polypes
live in Coral as Worms in Wood, but thefe don’t
. make the Trees nor the other. The Plant Coral
is to be reduced to ﬁne Powder, by grinding it
on 2. Marble, and then it is given to ﬂop Purg-
ings, to def’troy acid Humours in the Stomach,
and to fweeten the Blood. They fuppofe it alfo
a Cordial. Probably for all its real Ufes, Chalk
is a better Medicine.

There arefeveral Sorts. of white Coral, which
have been fometimes ufed in Medicine, but all
allow the red to be better, {0 that they are not
' kept in the Shops.

CORALLINE.

7756 U/éfzd Family..Hér'éal.‘T 9 5

CORALLINE.
'CORALLINA.

A Little Sea Plant frequent about our own Coafts,
'and of a fomewhat {tony Texture, but not
like the red or white Coral; It groWs to three
Inches high, and is very much branched, and
young Shoots arife alfo from different Parts of the
Branches : There are no Leaves on it, nor viﬁble
Flowers, but the whole Plant is compofed of
Ihort Joints. Itis commonly of a greeniih or rediih
Colour, but when it has been thrown a Time
upon the Shores, it bleaches and becomes white;
it naturally grows to Shells and Pebbles. The
belt is the frelheft, not that which“ is bleached.
It is given to Children as a Remedy againft
Worms ; a Scruple or half a Dram for a Dole.

CORIANDEn.
CORIAvNDRUM.

A Small Plant cultivated in France and Germany,

for the Sake of its Seed. It is two Feet high,
and has Cluﬁers of white or redifh Flowers upon
the Tops of the Branches. The Stalks are round,
upright, and hollow, but have a Pith in them ;
the Leaves, which grow from the Root, have
rounded Tops, thofe on the Stalks are divided
into narrow Parts; the Seeds follow two after each
Flower, and they are half round.

The Seed is the only Part ufed, the Whole
Plant when frelh has a bad Smell, but as the Seeds
dry, they become fweet and fragrant. They are
excellent to difpel Wind; they warm and ﬁrength—
en the Stomach and aﬁift Digeﬂion. It is good
againf’t Pains in theHead, and has fome Virtue
in {topping Purgings, joined with other Thingsi1

T e

96 m», Weful Famzb Heréal.

The CORNEL TREE.
CORNUS MOS.

A Garden Tree of the Bignefs of an Apple Tree,
and branched like one -, the Bark is greyifh,
_ the Twigs are tough; the Leaves are oblong,
broad, and pointed, of a ﬁne green Colour, but
‘not ferrated at the Edges. The Flowers are fmall
and yellowifh, the Fruit is of the Bignefs of :1
Cherry, but oblong, not round; it is red and
ﬂelhy, of an al’tringent Bark, and has a large Stone.
The Fruit is ripe in Autumn; the Flowers ap—
pear early.

The Fruit is the Part ufed, it may be dried and
ufed, the Juice boiled down with Sugar, either
Way it is cooling and moderately altringent;
it is a gentle pleafant Medicine in Fevers with
Purgings.

There is a wild Cornel Tree, called the female
Cornel in our Hedges, a Shrub ﬁve Feet high,
with broad Leaves, and black Berries, it is not
ufed in Medicine. In fome Parts of the IVe/i—In-

die: they intoxicate F ifh with the Bark of a Shrub

of this kind, by only putting a Qiantity of it into
the Water of a Pond ', we have not tried whether
this of Ours will do the fame.

CORN MARIGOL n.
CHRYSANTHEMUM SEGESTUM.

A Very beautiful wild Plant growing in Corn—
}‘ields, with large bluilh Leaves, and full of
Flowers like Marigolds. It is two Feet high,
the Stalks are numerous, round, ﬁiff', tolerably
upright and branched ~, the Leaves ﬁand ir-
regularly, and are long, very broad, and of a
bluifh Green ; they are fmalleﬁ towards the Bafe,
9. and

772:2 Ufeful Family Herb]. 97

and larger at the End, and they are deeply cut
in at the Sides. The Flowers are as broad as a
half Crown, and of a very beautiful Yellow: '
they have a Clul’ter of Threads in the Middle.
The Root is ﬁbrous. ‘ ‘
' The Flowers freﬂ1 gathered and jui’t opened,
contain the greateﬂ: Virtue. They are good a-
gainft all Obl’truétions, and work by Urine. An
Infuﬁon of them given in the @antity of halfa
Pint warm three Times a Day, has been known
to cure a Jaundice, without any other Medicine ;
the dried Herb has the fame Virtue but in a lef‘s
Degree.

COSTMARY.
COSTUS HORTORUM.

A Garden Plant kept more for its Virtues than
its Beauty, but at prefent neglec’ted. It grows
:1 Foot and half high, and has Clulters of naked
yellow Flowers like Tanfy. The Stalks are ﬁrm,
thick, green, and upright; the Leaves are oblong,
narrow of a pale Green, and beautifully ferrated,
the Flowers conﬁl’t only of deep yellow Threads.
It was once greatly eﬁeemed for I’trengthening
the Stomach, and curing Head-achs,‘ and for o~
pening Obﬁruétions of the Liver and Spleen, but
more feems to have been faid of it than it de-
ferved.

The COSTUS PLANT.
COSTUS

N Indian Plant which bears two kinds of Stalks,

one for the Leaves, and the other for the

Flowers and Seeds; thefe both rife from the fame
Root, and often near one another.

H The

a:

"~98 m Uﬂful szgy Hm;

The Leaf-Stalks are four Feet high,‘ thick,
hollow, round, upright, and of a redifh Colour.
The Leaves are like thofe of the Reed kind,
long, narrow, and pointed at the Edges, and they
are of a bluilh green Colour. The Stalks which

‘ bear the Flowers, are eight Inches high, tender,

foft, round, and as it were fcaly. The Flowers are
fmall and redifh, and they ﬁand in a kind of Spikes
intermixed with a great Qiaiitity of fcaly Leaves.

The Root is the only Part ufed; it is kept by
our Druggilts ; it is oblong and irregularly Ihaped.
It is a very good and fafe Diuretic, it always ope-
rates that Way, fometimes alfo by Sweat, and it
Opens Obﬁrué‘tions of the Vifcera. But unlefs it
be new and ﬁrm it has no Virtue.

; The COTTON TREE.
‘GOSSYPIUM SIVE XYLON

A Small Shrub, with brittle and numerous
‘ Branches, and yellow Flowers: It does not
grow more than four Feet high; the Leaves are
lar' e and divided each into ﬁve Parts, and of a
duﬁty green Colour. The Flowers are large and
beautiful, they are of the Bell-faﬂiioned kind, as
broad as a half Crown, deep, of a yellow Colour,
and with a purple Bottom; the Seed-Veilels are
large, and of a roundiih Figure, and they con-
tain thegCotton with the Seeds among it. When
ripe, they burl’c open into three or four Parts.

The Seeds are u-fed in Medicine, but not f0
much as they deferve, they are excellent in Coughs,
and all Diforders of the Breait and Lungs, they
eaufe Expeé‘toration, and are very balfamic and
reilringent.

The

We Uﬂful Famif’y Herédl. 99
§

The COTTON THISTLE.
ACANTHIUM.

A Tall and ﬁately wild Plant, common by our
Wa ﬁdes, and known by its great white
prickly Leaves and red Flowers. It is four or
ﬁve Feet high. The Leaves which grow from
the Root are 3. Foot and a half long, 3. Foot
broad, deeply indented at the Edges, and befet
with yellowilh Thorns; they are of a whitifh
Colour, and feem covered with a downy Matter
of the Nature of Cotton. The Stalks are thick,
round, ﬁrm, and upright; and winged with a Sort
of leafy Subﬁances which rife from them, and
have the fame Sort of Prickles that are upon the
Leaves. The ordinary Leaves upon the Stalks
are like thofe which grow from the Root, only
they are more deeply indented, and more prickly;
the Flowers are purple, they ﬁand in long prick-
ly Heads, and make a beautiful Appearance;
The Root is very long, thick, and White. , ,
The Root, is the Part ufed, and that ﬂiould be
frefh gathered. It opens Obltruétions, and is good
againPt the Jaundice, and in Dropﬁes, and other
Diforders ariﬁng from Obftrué‘tiOns. It alfo mo—'
derately promotes the Menfes. It may be dried
and given in Powder for the fame Purpofes; But
the Virtues are much lefs.

COUCH GRASS.
GRAMEN CANINUM.

AVery troublefome Weed in Fields and Gar;
dens, but very ufeful' in Medicine. ~ Nature

has made thofe Plants which may be molt ufeful
to us the mof’t common, and the moﬁ: difﬁcult to
be. removed. Couch Grafs grows two Feet high,
H 2 and

ii}

‘I‘eo 777a Uﬂful Fzzmz'Zy HerZ‘aI.
and is a robuft kind of Grafs, the Stalk is round
and pointed; the Leaves are grany,"but broad,
‘ and of a frefh green Colour ; the Spike at the Top
is like an Ear'of Wheat, only thin and ﬂat. 1t
conﬁﬁs of ten Rows of Grains. The Root is
‘white, ﬂender, very long and jointed, and it takes
frelh hold at every Joint; {0 that if but a piece
is left in pulling it up, it grows and increafes very
quickly. .
The Roots are ufed, and they are to be frefh
taken up‘ and boiled. The Decoﬁion is excellent
in the Gravel and Stone, it promotes Urine ﬁrong~
ly, yet not forcibly or roughly. Taken for a;
Continuance, the fame Deco‘éli‘On is good againl’t
Obﬁ’ruft’io‘ns’ of the Liver, and will cure the
'Jaundic'e.

cow 5 LI 1‘):
P A R A L Y S I S.

- Pretty wild Plant in our Meadows. The

Leaves are broad, oblong, indented, rough,
and of a whitifh green Colour -, the Stalks are
round, upright, ﬁrm, thick, and downy; they are
ﬁx or eight Inches high, and are naked of Leaves.
At the Top of each ﬁand a Number of pretty
yellow Flowers, each upon a feparate Foot—Stalk,
and in its own l‘eparate Cup.

The Flowers are the Part uiEd. They have been
celebrated very much againl’t Apoplexies, Palﬁes,
and other terrible Difeasz,‘ but at prefent in fuch
C afes we do not truit fuch Remedies. They have
a Tendency to procure ﬂeep, and may be given in
Tea or preierved in Form of a Conlbrve.

" , COW:

775g U/éfu/Famz'é/ Heré‘czl. 101

CO‘WSLIP or JERUSALEM;
PULMONARIA MACULATA.

Low Plant, but not without Beauty, kept in
Gardens for the Credit of its Virtues, Wthh

are indeed more and greater than theyprefent Neg- ‘

left of it would have one to fuppofe._ It grows to
eight or ten Inches high 3 the Leaves are long
and broad, hairy, of a deep Green, and fpotted
with white Spots on the upper Side, but of apaler
Colour, and not {potted underneath. The Stalks
are ﬂender, angulated, and hairy, and have {mallet
Leaves on them, but of the fame Figure with thofe
from the Root. The Flowers are ﬁnal] and red-
ifh, and grow feveral in a Clufter at the Top of
the Stalk. The Root is ﬁbrous.

. The Leaves are ufed, they fhould be gathered
before. the Stalks grow up, and dried, they are eX~
cellent in Decoétion for Coughs, Shortnefs of
Breath, and all Diforders of the Lungs; taken in
Powder, they ﬂop the Overﬂowings of the Menfes;
and when frefh bruifed and put into a new made

Wound, they {top the Bleeding and heal it.

Cow-WH EAT.
CRATEOGONUM.

ACommon wild Plant in our Woods and Thick-i

ets, with narrow blackifh Leaves, and bright
yellow Flowers. It is eight or ten Inches high.
The Stalks are fquare and ﬂender, very brittle,
weak, and very feldom quite upright. The Leaves
are oblong and narrow,~fometimes of a dufky
green Colour, but oftener purplifh or blackif‘n;
they are broadeft at the Bafe, and ﬁnall all the
Way to the Point -, and they are commonly, bur
not always, indented a little about the Edges.

H 3 The

9h“

,iis‘

““162 ~‘75:? Uﬂful F0955) Heréal.

The Flowers ftand, or rather hang, all on one
Side of the Stalk in a kind of loofe Spike ; they
are [mall and yellow, and row two together.
The Seeds of which follow tiefe are large, and
”have fomething of the Afpeé‘t ofWheatfrom whence
the Plant has its odd Name.

"Thefe Seeds are the Part ufed, they are to be
dried and given [in Powder, but in fmall Dofes.
They have Virtues which few feem to imagine;
they are a high Cordial and Provogative to Venery;
but if given in too large a Dofe, they occaﬁon the
Head-ach, and a ftrange Giddinefs. I knew
an Inftance of a Woman who had boiled the frelh
Tops of the Plant in a large Qlantity in Water,
as a Remedy for the Jaundice, 1 know not by
what Information, and having drank this in large
Draughts, was as a Perfon drunk and out of her
Sen-(es, {he complained of Numbnefs in her
Limbs, and feemed in Danger of her Life, but
Nature recovered her after a few Hours with:
Out other Alliﬁance.

The CRAB TREE.
MALUS SYLVESTRIS,

ACOi‘nmon Hedge Shrub, and when in Flower

very beautiful. The Trunk is uneven, and
the Bark rough; the Branches are knotty, the
Wood is ﬁrm, and the Bark of a dark Colour 3 the
Leaves are broad and ihort, the Flowers are large
and redifh, very beautiful and fweet, and the
Fruit is a ﬁnall Apple.

Verjuiee is made from the Crab, and it is a
Remedy for the falling down of the Uvula, bet-
ter than mol’t other Applications ; it is alfo good
againﬁ fore Throats, and in all Diforders oi the
Mouth,

' CRANBS~

luv

«we Uﬁfuzfngy Herhzl. .153

CRANESBILL.
GERANIUM’ROBERTIANUM.

CRranefbil is a little Herb very frequent under
Hedges, and in uncultivated Places : there are
many kinds of it, but that which has moﬁ; Vir—'
tue, is the kind called Herb Robert, this is a
pretty and regularly growing Plant. ' The Stalks
are a Foot long, but they feldom {tand quite up-
right, they are round, branched,.and jointed, and
are often red, as is frequently the whole Plant:
The Leaves are large, and divided into a great
Number of Parts, and they ftand upon long Font-
Stalks, two at every Joint. The Flowers are
moderately large, and of a bright Red, they are
very confpicuous and pretty, the Fruit thatlfol—
lows is long and (lender, and has fome Refem-
blancc of the long Beak of a Bird, whence the
Name.

The whole Plant is to be gathered Root and
all, and dried for Ufe; it is a moft excellent Afr-
tringent: Scarce any Plant is equal to it. It
may be given dried and powdered, or in Decocr-
tion. It ﬂops Overﬂowings of the Menfes, blood-y
Stools, and all other Bleedings. ' _'

It is to be obferved that Nature feems to have
fet her Stamp upon feveral Herbs which have the
Virtue to ﬂop Bleedings -, this and the Tufan.
The two belt Remedies the Fields afford for out-
ward and inward Bleedings, become all over as
red as Blood at a certain Seafon.

H 4 The

m 72; U/éful'Famz’bz Harm.

The GARDEN CRESS
NASTURTIUM HORTENSE.

A Common Garden Plant raifed for Sallets It

is two Feet high: The Stalk is round and
ﬁrm, and of a bluilh Green; the Leaves are di—
vided into Segments, and the Flowers are {mall
and white, but the full grown Plant is not feen
at our Tables 3 we eat only the Leaves tiling 1m-
mediately from the Root. Thefe are large, ﬁnely
divided, ofa bright Green, and ﬂiarp; CrelTes eaten
in QJantity are very good againi’c the Scurvy
The Seeds open Obﬁruétions.

WATER—CRESS.
NASTURTIUM AQUATICUM.

AWild Plant common with us in Ditches, and
Ihallow RiVers. It 15 21 Foot high, the Stalks
are round, thick, but not very uprigl1t,ofa pale
Green, and much branched, the Leaves are of a
freih and bright Green, divided 1n a winged Man-
ner and obtufe, the Flowers are {mall and white,
and thereiis generally feen a kind of Spike of the
Flowers and Seeds at the Top of the Stalks.

The LeaVes a1e ufed, they may be eaten in the
Manner of the Garden Crefs, and are full as plea~
fant, and they are excellent againﬁ the Scurvy.
The Juice expreH’ed from them has the fame Vir—
tue, and works alfo powerfully by Urine, and
opens Obﬁruéiions,

51:11:11

m U/szul szzy Haw. to 5:

SCIATICA CR‘E'SS.
IBERIS.

A Pretty wild Plant, but not frequent. in all
Parts of the Kingdom. It is a Foot high.
The Stalk is round, ﬁrm, and upright, of a pale
green Colour. The Leaves are fmall, longifh, and
of a pale Green alfo, and the Flowers ﬂand at the
Tops of the Branches, into which the Stalk di—
vides in its upper Part, they are white and little.
The Leaves that grow immediately from the Root,
are. four Inches long, narrow, and ferrated about
the Edges, and of a deep Green.

The Leaves are ufed, they are recommended
greatly in the Sciatica or Hip-Gout; they are to
be applied externally, and repeated as they grow
‘dry. The belt Way is to beat them with a little
Lard. It is an approved Remedy, and it is
ﬁrange that it is not more in Ufe. I

_WAR”_I‘ CRESSES, OR SWINES CRESSES..-
CORONOPUS RUELLII.

Little wild Plant very common about our
Fields and Gardens. It fpreads upon the
Ground. The Stalks are ﬁve or ﬁx Inches long,
ﬁrm, and thick, but ufuailyﬁat on the Earth, very
much branched, and full of Leaves. The LeaVes
that rife immediately from the Root, are long and
deeply divided, and thofe on the Stalks refemble
them, only they are ﬁnaller: They are of a deep
glony green Colour, and not at all hairy. The
Flowers are fmall and white, they {land at the
Tops of the Branches and among the Leaves, the
Seed-Veliels are fmall and rough.

This

I 06 He ,qu1 Famib/ Heréal.

This is an excellent Diuretic, fafe and yet very

powerful. It is an Ingredient in Mrs. Stepbem’s i

Medicine, the Juice may be taken, and it is good
for the Jaundice, and againtt all inward Obf’truc-
tions, and againf’t the Scurvy; the Leaves may
alfo be eaten as Sallet, or dried and given in De-
coftion.

Cnossvwoar.
CRUCIATA.

AVery pretty wild Plant, but not very common:
It grows 3. Foot and an half high. The
Stalks are fquare, hairy, weak, and of a pale
Green. The Leaves are broad and fhort, they
{tend four at every Joint Star—faihioned upon the
Stalk. The Flowers are little and yellow; theyﬁand
in Clufters round the Stalk at the Joints, riﬁng
from the Infertion of the Leaves. It is to be found
in dry Places.
The whole Plant is to be gathered when begin-
, ning to ﬂower and dried. A ﬁrong Decoétion of
it is a good Reﬂringent and Styptic; it {t0ps
Purgings, even when there are bloody Stools, and
Overﬂowings of the Menfes.

CROW-FOOT.
RANUCULUS.

ACommon wild Plant. There are feveral Sorts
of it, but the kind ufed in Medicine, is that
molt common in Meadows, and called the com-
mon creeping Crow-foot. It grows 3 Foot or
more high, the Stalks are ﬁrm, thick, branched,
and of a pale Green, but they feldom {tand quite
upright. The Leaves on them are few and di-
vided into narrow Segments ; the Flowers are yel-
low, of the Breadth ofa Shilling, and of a ﬁne
fhining

an

77M U/éful Famzly Heréal. 1‘07
lhining Colour; they (land at the Tops of all the
Branches; the Leaves which rife from the Root
are large, divided in a threefold Manner, and of—
ten {potted with white.

Some are fo talk as to mix a few Leaves of this
among Sallet, but it is very wrong; the Plant is
cauftic and poiforious. They are excellent applied
externally in the Palﬁes and Ap0plexies, for they
a& quicker than Cantharides in railing Bliﬁers,
and are more felt. It is a Wonder they are not
more ufed for this Purpofe, but we are at prefent
fo fond of foreign Medicines, that thefe Things
are not minded.

There are two other kinds of Crow-foot diﬁin—
guilhed as Poifons, though all of them are with
fome Degree of Jul’tice branded with this Name ;
but the two molt pernicious kinds are that called
Spearwort, which has long, narrow, and undivided
Leaves -, and that with very fmall Flowers and
Leaves fomewhat like the Divilions of thofe of
Smallage. Thefe both grow in watry Places.

The CUBEB PLANT.
CUBEBA.

A Clambering Plant of the warm Climates, but
unknown in this Part of the \Vorld, and un-
til defcribed by thofe who have been where it
grows. The Stalks are weak, angulated, and red-
ilh -, the Leaves are broad and lhort, and the
Flowers fmall, the Fruit is of the Bignefs of a
Pepper Corn, but a little oblong, and grows on
a long and very ﬂender Foot Stalk. ‘

This Fruit is the Part ufed, the Druggii’cs keep
it. It is a warm and pleafant Spice good againﬁ
Weakneﬂes of the Stomach, in Cholics, and in
Palfies, and all nervous Diforders. But it is fel-
dpm ufed alone, - »
T he

» 108 ., 7Z3 U/éfu/ Family Heréal.

The CUCUMBER PLANT.
'CUCUMIS HORTENSIS.

ACreeping l’traggling Plant fufﬁciently known;

The Stalks are 21 Yard or two long, thick, but
fpread upon the Ground, angulatcd and hairy.
The Leaves are broad deeply indented, and very
rough, and of a bluilh green Colour: The F low-
ers are large and yellow. The Fruit is long and
thick; the Seeds are ufed in Medicine, and the
Fruit {hould be fulTered to ﬁand till very ripe be-
fore they are gathered. They are cooling and di-
uretic, good againﬂ: Strangueries, and all Difor—
ders of 'the urinary Palliiges ; the belt Way of
giving them is beat up to an Emullion with Bar~
ley Water.

The WILD CUCUMBER.
CUCUMIS ASININUS.

THIS though called wild, is not a Native of

England. It fpreads upon the Ground in the
Manner of the other Cucumber, and its Branches
grow to a conﬁderable Length : They are thick,
hairy, angulatcd, and of‘a pale Green and tough.
The Leaves are broad at the Bale, and narrow at
the Point, fer-rated round the Edges, and of a pale
Green above, and whitilh below. The Flowers
are yellow, and moderately large. -, the Fruit is of
, an oval Figure, hairy, and full of Juice. Care mull
be taken in touching it when ripe, for the lharp
Juice ﬂies out with. Violence.

The Juice of the Fruit is preﬁbd out, and a thick
Matter that llibﬁdes from it is feparated and
dried; the Druggiﬁs keep this and call it Elathe~
gium, it is a violent Purgative, but little ufed.

Cucxow

772a Ufeful Family Heréal. 199

CUCKOW FLOWER, or LADY’s SMOCK§
C A R D A M I N E.

A Very beautiful wild Plant, frequent in our
Meadows in Spring, and a great Ornament to
them. It grows a Foot high. The Leaves which
rife from the Root, are Winged very regularly
and beautifully, and are fpread in a circular Man-
ner, the Stalk is round, thick, ﬁrm, and upright.
The Leaves that grow on it are fmaller, ﬁnely
divided, and ftand ﬁngly. The Flowers grow in
a little Clul’ter, on that Spike on the Top, and
from the Bottom of the Leaves. They are large,
of a ﬁne White, often tinged with a Blufh of
Red. '

The Juice of the frefh Leaves is to be ufed;
it is an excellent Diuretic, and is good in the
Gravel and all Suppreﬂions of Urine. It alfo'
opens Obﬁrué‘tions, and is good in the Jaundice and
Green Sicknefs; and a Courfe of it againl’t the
Scurvy.

CUDWEED
GNAPHALIUM.

A Common wild Plant, but ﬁngular in its Ape
pearance. There are many Species of it.
But that ufed in Medicine is the kind called the
middle Cudweed, aHerb Impious. It has this
laft name from the whimﬁcal obfervation of the
young Flowers tiling above the old ones, which
is called the Son’s growing above the Father.
This Cudweed is a little low Plant, it feldom rifes
to a Foot high. The Stalks are tough, ﬁrm,
white, ﬂender, and upright; they are very thick,
fat with Leaves, which are fmall, oblong, white,
and

I I0, 73w qu1 Famig’y Hark].

and pointed at the ends, and feldom lie very even;
The Flowers are a kind of brown or yellowilh
Heads, ftanding at. the Tops and in the Diviﬁons
of the Stalks.

The herb bruifed and applied to a frelh Wound
ﬂops the bleeding; it may be alfo dried and giVen
in Decoétion, in which Form, it is good againfl:
the Whites, and will often {top violent Purgings.

CUMMIM
CUMINUM

Plant of the umbelliferous kind, cultiVated

in every Part of the Eaft for the Value of the
Seed. It grows aFoot and a half high. The
Stalk is round, f’triated, green, and hollow. The
Leaves are large, and very ﬁnely divided in the
manner of thofe of Fennel. The Flowers Ptand
in large Cluﬁzers at the Tops of the Branches,
and they are fmall and white, with a Blulh of Red.
The Seeds are long and limited.

The Seeds are ufed. Our Druggilts keep them.
They are of a very difagreeable Flavour, but of
excellent Virtues ; they are good againft the Cho«
lic and Wind in the Stomach, and applied out~
wardly, they will often remove Pains in the Side.
They mull be bruifcd, and a large Quantity laid
on.

TheBLAcK.CURRANT.
RIBESIA NIGRA.

THIS is a little Shrub, of late brought very

univerfally into our Gardens. It grows three
, or four Foot high. The Branches are weak, and
the Bark is lhiooth. The Leaves are large and
broad, and divided in the manner of thofe of the

‘ common Currants 3 but they have a ﬁrong Smell.
‘ The

7752 Ufeful Family Herédl. I I I

The Flowers are greenifh and hollow. The Fruit
is a large and round Berry, black, and of a form:—
what difagreeable Taﬂe, growing in the manner of
the Currants.

The Juice of Black Currants boiled up with
Sugar to a Jelly, is an excellent Remedy againft
fore Threats. 7

LONG CYPERUS.
CYPERUS LONGUS.

A Wild Plant in our Marlhes, Fens, and Other

damp Places. It is a Foot and a half high.
The Leaves are a Foot long or more, narrow,
graﬂ‘y, and of a bright green Colour, ﬂat and
{harp at the ends. The Stalk is triangular and ,
green -, there are no Leaves on it, except two or
three fmall ones at the Top, from which there
rifes a Number of fmall Tufts or Spikes of
Flowers. Thefe are brown, light, chaffy, and
in all refpeé‘ts like thofe of the other Water
Grafﬁts.

The Root is ufed. It is long and brown, and
when dried, is of a pleafant Smell, and aromatic
warm Taﬂe. It fhould be taken up in Spring. It
is good againﬁ Pains in the Head, and it pro—
motes Urine.

ROUND CYPERUS.
CYPERUS ROTUNDUS.

A Plant in many refpeéts refembling the other,
but a NatiVe of the warmer Countries. It
grows two Foot high. The Leaves are very -
numerous, a Foot and a half long, narrow, of a
pale green Colour, {harp at the Point, and ribbed
all along like thofe of Grafs. The Stalk is trian-
gular, and the Edges are ﬂiarp; it is ﬁrm, up-

2 right,

«T, ,1
ﬁ‘\ . .

I I 2 The U/éful Family He'réal.
right, and often purplilh, efpecially towards the
Bottom. The Flowers are chaﬁy, and they grow
from the Top of the Stalk, with feveral {mall
and fhort Leaves fet under them ~, they are brown
and light. The Root is compofed of a great
,Qiantity of black Fibres, to which there grows
at certain Diﬁances roundifh Lumps. Thefe are
the only Parts ufed in Medicine. Our Drhggifts
keep them. They are light, and of a pleafant
Smell, and warm fpicy Taﬁe.

They are good in all nervous Diforde’rs. They
are bef’t taken in Infuﬁon, but as the Virtues are
much the fame with the other, that is beflz, be~
caufe it may be had frelher.

The CYPRESS TREE.
CUPRESSUS.

A Tree kept in our Gardens, an Evergreen, and
ﬁngular in the Manner of its Growth. It
.rifes to twenty or thirty Foot high, and is all the
way thick befet with Branches. Thefe are largef’c
towards the Bottom, and fmaller all the way up;
f0 that the Tree appears naturally of a conic F i-
gure. The Bark is of a redifh Brown. The
Leaves are fmall and Ihort, they cover all the
Twigs like Scales, and are of a beautiful deep
Green. The Flowers are ﬁnall and inconﬁderable:
The Fruit is a kind of Nut, of the Bignefs of a
ﬁnall \Valnut, and of a brown Colour and ﬁrm
Subliance. When ripe, it divides into feveral
Parts, and the Seeds fall out.

‘ The Fruit is the only Part ufed. It is to be
, gathered before it burﬁs, and carefully dried and
given in Powder; ﬁve and twenty Grains is the
Dofe. It is an excellent Balfamic and Styptic.
It {tops the Bleeding of the Nofe, and is good
againi’c Spitting of Blood, Bloody-Flux, and Over»
' ' ﬂowing

E
in

.
..»,-‘
a:

722 Uﬂful Famig'y Heréal. I I 3

flowing of the Meniés. We are not aware how
powerful a Remedy it is; few Things are equal
to it.

D.

COMMON DAFFODILL.
NARCISSUS.

A Wild Engli/b Plant, with narrow Leaves and

great yellow Flowers, common in our
Gardens in its own Form, and in a great Variety
of Shapes that Culture has given it. In its wild
State, it is about a Foot high. The Leaves are
long, narrow, graffy, and of a deep Green, and
they are nearly as tall as the Stalk. The Stalk is
roundifh, but fomewhat ﬂatted and edged. The
Flower is large and ﬁngle; it {lands at the Top of
the Stalk, and by its Weight prelTes it down a
little. The Root is round and white. '

The frelh Root is to be ufed, and ’tis very eafy
to have it always in Readinefs in a Garden ; and
very ufeful, for it has great Virtues. Given in-
ternally, in a ﬁnal] Quantity, it aéis as a Vomit,
and afterwards purges a little; and it is excellent
againﬁ all Obl’cruétions. The belt way of giving
it is in form of the Juice preIIEd out with fome
White Wine, but its principal Ufes are externally.
The Eaftern Nations have a peculiar Way of dry-
ing the thick Roots of Plants, efpecially if they
are full of a ﬂimy Juice as this is: They put
them to {oak in Water, and then hang them over
the {team of a Pot in which Rice is boiling; after
this they ﬁring them up, and they become in
forne Degree tranfparent and horny. It would
be worth while to try the Method upon this Root
and fome others of our own Growth; which, be-

I caufe

I

I 14. ﬁg Uﬁﬁzl Family 1&1}th

caufe of this‘ﬂimy Juice, we Cannot well dry any
other way; probably this would loofe its vomit-
ing (ﬁnality when dried, and would aé‘t only as an
Opener of Obﬁruétions, in which Cafe, it might
be given in repeated Dofes; for at prefent no bo-
dy will be prevailed upon to take it often.

The frelh Root bruifed and applied to frefh
Wounds hCaIs them very fuddcnly. Applied to
Strains and Bruifes, it is alfo excellent, taking
away the Swelling and Pain.

The GREAT DAISY.
BELLIS MAJOR.
A‘Beautiful and ﬁately wild Plant, which, if it

were not frequent in our Fields, would doubt—
Iefs be efieemed in Gardens. It grows to 21 Foot

high. 'The Stalks are angulated ﬂender, but ﬁrm ,

and upright: The Leaves are oblong, narrow;
dented round the Edges, and of a beautiful deep
Green. The Flowers ﬁand on the Tops of the
Branches. They are white, and an Inch broad ;
very like the white China Starwort fo much
eﬁeemed in our Gardens. The Root is flender.

The Flowers are the Part ufed. They are to be
gathered when newly opened, and dried, and may
afterwards be given in Powder or Infulion. They
are good againﬁ: Coughs and Shortnefs of Breath,
and in all Diforders of the Lungs. They are
balfamic and ﬁrengthening.

The LITTLE DAISY.
BELLIS MINOR.

A Pretty wild Plant, too common to need much
Defcription, but too much negleﬁed for its
Virtues. The Leaves are oblong, broad, and ob-
tufe. The Stalks are three or four Inches high,

and

\

as

$522 Uﬁfu‘l’ Pam/y Heréal. I I";
and have no Leaves. ‘ The F10wers grow one on
each Stalk, and are of the Breadth of a Shilling,
and whitilh or redifh. The Root is compofed of
a vall: Qiantity of Fibres. 7 ‘ _

The Roots frelh gathered and given in a ﬁrong
Decoétion, are excellent againft the Scurvy ; the
UK: of them mutt be continued fome time, but the
event will make amends for the Trouble. People
give thefe Roots boiled in Milk to keep Poppies
from growing, but they have no fuch Effeéts.

DANDELION.
DENS LEONIS.

ANother of our wild Plants, too Common
to need much Defcription. The Leaves are
very long, fomewhat broad, and deeply indented
at the Edges. The Stalks are naked, hollow,
green, upright, and ﬁx, eight, or ten Inches high ;
one Flower ﬁands-on each, which is large, yel~
low, and compofed of a great Qiantity of Leaves,
and Seeds which follow this, have a downy Mat-
ter afﬁxed to them. The whole Head of them ape
pears globular. The Root is long, large, and
white. The whole Plant is full of a milky Juice,
the Root molt of all. This runs from it when
broken, and is bitterifh but not difagreeable.

The Root frefh gathered and boiled, makes an
excellent Decoétion to promote Urine, and bring
away Gravel. The Leaves may be eaten as Sal—
let when very young, and if taken this way in
fuﬁicient Qlantity, they are good againft the
Scurvy. _ ,

RED DARNELL.
LOLIUM RUBRUM. ’
A Wild Grafs very common about Way-ﬁdes,

and diﬂinguilhed' by its l’tubborn Stalks and
' I 2 ' low

I 16 The U/éﬁzl Family Heréal.

low Growth. It is not aboVe a Foot high, often
much lefs. The Leaves are narrow, fhort, and of
a, dufky Green. The Stalk is thick, rediih,
fomewhat ﬂatted, and upright. The Ear is ﬂat,
and is compofed of a double Row of ihort Spikes:
T hisas well as the Stalk, is often of a purplilh
Colour. The Root is compofed of a great (Alan-
tity of whitilh Fibres.

The R00ts are to be ufed, and they are belt dried
and given in Powder. They are a very excellent
Aﬁringent, good aga‘inf’t Purging, overﬂowing of
the Menfes, and all other Fluxes, and Bleeding;
but the laf‘t Operation is ﬂow, and they mul’t be
continued. ’Tis a Medicine ﬁtter, therefore, for
habitual Complaints of this Kind, than fudden
Illnefs.

There is an old Opinion that the Seeds of Dar-
nell, when by chance mixed with Corn, and made
into Bread, which may happen, when it grows in
Corn Fields, occaﬁons Dizzinefs of the Head,
Sicknefs of the Stomach, and all the bad ElTeéts
of Drunkennefs: They are faid alfo to hurt the
Eyes 5 but we have very little Affurance of thefe
Effects; nor are they very probable. They pro-
perly belong to another Kind of Darnell, diltin—
guilhed by the Name of white Darnell -, which is
a taller Plant, and more common in Corn Fields
than the red -, but this is very much to be fufpeét-
ed upon the Face of the Account. The Antients
make frequent mention of this Kind of Darnell,
growing to their great Diﬁrefs among the Wheat;
but by the accidental Hints fome have given about
its Height, and the Shape of its Ear, they feem to
have meant thepcommon Dogs Grafs or Couch
Grafs, under that Name -, though others have
feemed to underf’tand the Dif’tiné‘tion. In this Un-
certainty, however, remains the Matter about

which

_ 577m Uﬂzful Family Heréal. '1 1-7

which particular Kind of Grafs was really accufed
of poﬂ'eﬂing thefe bad @alities: But it is mol’c
probable, that they belong to neither; and that
Fancy, rather than any thing really known, gave
Birth to the Opinion.

The DATE TREE.
PALMA DACTYLIFERA.

ATree of the warmer Countries, very unlike

thofe of our Part of the World. The Trunk
is thick and tall, and is all the way up of the
fame Bigneis ; it has no Bark but is covered with
the Rudiments of Leaves, and the inner Part of
the Trunk when it is young is eatable. At the
Top of the Trunk l’tand a vaft Qiantity of
Leaves, fome ereft and fome drooping, and from
the Bofoms of thefe grow the Flowers and the
F ruit; but it is remarkable, that the Flowers
grow upon the Trees only, and the Fruit on fome
others. If there be not a Tree of the Male Kind,
that is a ﬂowering Tree near the Fruit of the Fe- ..
male, it will never naturally ripen. In this cafe
they cut off Bunches of the Flowers, and fhake
them over the Head of the Female Tree, and this
anfwers the Purpofe.

All Plants have what may be called Male and
Female Parts in their Flowers. The Male Parts
are certain duﬁy Particles : The Female Parts are
the Rudiments of the Fruits. In fome Plants
thefe are in the fame Flowers as in the Tulip.
T hofe black Grains which duft the Hands
are the Male Part, and the green Thing in the
middle of them is the Female: It becomes after—
wards the Fruit or Seed VelTel. In other Plants,
as Melons, and many more, the Male Parts grow
in fome Flowers, and the Female Parts in others,

I 3 on

i I I 8 7% Ufful Family Heréal.

on the fame Plant: And in others, the Male
Flowers and the Female grow upon abiblutely
different Plants, but of the fame Kind. This is
the Cafe in the Date Tree as we fee, and it is the
fame though we do not much regard it in Hemp,
Spinage, and many others.

The Fruit of the Date is the only Part ufed.
It is as thick as a Man’s Thumb and nearly
as long of a fweet Tafte, and compofed of a
juicy Pulp, in a tender Skin with a Stone with-
’in it. They are f’trengthening and fomewhat
aﬁringent, but we do not much ufe them.

DEVIL’S BIT.
SUC‘CISA.

Wild Plant in our Meadows, with ﬂender

. Stalks, and globous Flowers. It grows two
two Foot high. The Stalks are round, ﬁrm, and
upright, and divided into feveral Branches: They
have two little Leaves at each Joint. TherFlow;
ers are as big as a .{mall Walnut, and compofed of
many little. Ones; their Colour is very f’crong and
beautiful. The Leaves which grow from the
Root are four Inches long, an Inch broad, obtufe,
of a dark Green, and a little hairy, not at all di-
vided, or f0 much, as indented at the Edges. The
Roots are white, and compofed of a thick Head,
which terminates abruptly as if it had been bitten
or broken off, and of a Multitude of Fibres. The
Devil, as old Women fay, bit it away envying
Mankind its Virtues. '
The Leaves are to be gathered before the Stalks
appear. They are good againﬁ Coughs, and the
Diforders of the Lungs, given in Decoftion. The
Root dried and1 given in Powder, promotes Sweat,
and is a good Medicine in F evers, but we negleét
it.
' 2 Due;

m Uﬁful Family Ham. 1 i 9

DILL.
ANETHUM.

AN umbelliferous Plan't kept in our Gardens, ~
' principally for the Ufe of the Kitchen. The

Stalk is round, Ptriated, hollow, upright, three

Foot high, and divided into a great many Bran-

ches. The Leaves are divided into numerous, nar-

row, and long Parts, in the manner of Fennel,

but they are not fo large. The Flowers are fmall

and yellow; they {land in Cluiters on the Tops of

the Branches. The Root is long. The Seeds of‘
Dill are good againi’t the Cholic; and they are

laid to be a Speciﬁc againf’t the Hiccough, but

I have known them tried without Succefs,

DITTANDEL
L E P I D I U M, . .
A Tall Plant, with broad Leaves and little white

Flowers; wild in forne places, and frequent
in our Gardens. It grows a Yard high. The
Stalks are round, ﬁrm, of a pale Green, and very
much branched. The Leaves are large towards
the Bottom, fmaller upwards; and the Flowers
{land in a kind of loofe Spikes; the lower Leaves
are beautifully indented, the others fcarce at all :
The Seeds are contained in little roundilh Capfules,
and are of a hot and pungent Taf’te.

The Leaves of Dittander frelh gathered and
boiled in Water, make a Decoétion that works by
Urine, and promotes the Menfes: They are alfo
good to promote the neceifary Difcharges after
Delivery. "

I4 D1TT4N¥,'

120 The Uﬂful Family Herbal.

DITTANY OF CRETE.
DICTAMNUS CRETICUS.

A Very pretty little Plant, Native of the Eaﬁ,

and kept in forne of our curious People’s
Gardens. It has been famous for its Virtues, but
they {tand more upon the Credit of Report than
ExPerience. Itisﬁxoreightlncheshigh,theStalks
‘are fquare, ﬂender, hard, woody, and branched.
The Leaves are fhort, broad, and roundifh, they
Rand two at every Joint, and are covered with a
white woolly Matter. The Flowers are ﬁnall and
purple: They grow in oblong and ﬂender fcaly
Heads, in the Manner of thofe of Origanum;
and thefe Heads are themfelves very beautiful, be~
ing variegated with Green and Purple. The whole
Plant has a fragrant Smell.

The Leaves are ufed, our Druggif’ts keep them
dried. The old Writers attribute Miracles to it
in the Cure of Wounds; at prefent it is feldom
ufed alone; but it is good in nervous Diforders,
and it promotes the Menfes, and ﬁrengthens the
Stomach.

WHITE DITTANY.
FRAXINELLA.

A Very beautiful Plant, Native of many of the

warmer Parts of Eurape; but with us kept
only in Gardens. It is three Foot high, very
much branched and very beautiful. The Stalks
are round, thick, ﬁrm, and of a green or purpliih
Colour. The Leaves Rand irregularly on them,
and are like thofe of the Afh Tree, only fmaller.
The Flowers are large and elegant: They are of
a pale Red, white or ﬁripped ; and they flan}? is

a ~1n

 

7738 Uﬂful Farﬂigy Heréal. 121

a kind of Spikes at the Top of the Branches.
The whole Plant is covered in the Summer
Months with a kind of Balfam, which is gluti-
nous to the Touch, and of a very fragrant Smell.
This is fo inﬂamable, that if aCandle be brought
near any Part of the Plant, it takes Fire and
goes off in a F 1th all over the Plant. This does
it no harm, and may be repeated after three or
four Days, a new uantity of the Balfam being
produced in that Time. The Roots of this Plant
are the only Part ufed, and they are kept dry by the
Druggii’ts. They are commended in F evers, and
in nervous and hyf’teric Cafes, but their Virtues '
are not great. Ihave found an Infuﬁon of the
Tops of the Plant, a very pleafant and excellent
Medicine in the Gravel ; it works powerfully by
Urine, and gives cafe in thofe Cholicky Pains
whieh frequently attend upon that Diforder.

SHARP—POINTED DOCK.
LAPATHUM FOLIO ACUTO.

A Common Plant, like the ordinary Dock but
Iomewhat handfomer, and diltinguilhed by
the Figure of its Leaves, which are (harp-pointed,
nor obtufe as in that, and are alfo fomewhat nar-
rower and longer. The Plant grows three Foot
high. The Stalks are erect, green, round, ﬁri—
ated and branched. The Leaves are of a ﬁne
Green, linooth, neither crumpled on the Surface,
nor curled at the Edges, and have large Ribs.
The F lowers are ﬁnall, at ﬁri’t greeniih, then paler,
and laf’tly, they dry and become brown. The
Root is long, thick, and of a tawny Colour.
The Root is the Part ufed. It is excellent a-
gaini’t the Scurvy, and is one of the belt Things
we know, for what is called fweetening the Blood.

It

 

..\

1 2 2 The Uﬂfu/ Famibx .Herdal. '

It is bei’t given in Dist Drinks and Decoé‘tions.’
Ufed outwardly, it Cures the Itch, and other
Foulnefs of the Skin ; it Ihould be beat up with
Lard for this Purpofe.

GREAT WATER DOCK.
HYDROLAPATHUM MAXIMUM.
THIS is the largeft of all the Dock Kinds;
they have .a general Refemblance of one ano—

ther, but this is moi‘t of all like to the lai’t de-
fcribed, in its manner of Growth, though vaftly

- larger. It is frequent about Waters, and is ﬁve

Or ﬁx Foot high. The Stalks are round, ﬁriated,
thick, and very upright, branched a little and
hollow. The Leaves are vaﬁly large, of a pale

reen Colour, fmooth, and {harp at the Point.

he F lowers are ﬁnall, and of a greenilh Colour
with fome white Threads, and they afterwards
become brown. The Root is large, long, and of
a redilh Brown.

It is a good Remedy in the Scurvy. The Root
contains the greateft Virtues, and it is to be given
in Diet Drinks. The Seeds of this, and all
other Docks are aﬁrin‘gent, and good againﬂ‘
Purgings. ‘

GARDEN Docx, called MONKS Rum-
B A R B.

LAPATHUM SATIVUM, PA TIEN‘
TIA.

A Tall Plant of the Dock Kind, a Native of
- _ Italy, and kept in our Gardens for its Vir-
tues.g;ﬁIt grows ﬁx or feven Feet high. The
Stalk—ifs round, ﬁriated, thick, upright, and ﬁrm.
The Leaves are very large, long, and are Pointed
‘ " i _ at

 

 

72m Uﬁ'ful Famizjl He’réal. I 2 3

at the Extremity: They ftand upon thick hollow-
ed Foot Stalks; and the main Stalk of the Plant
is alfo frequently red. The Flowers are like thofe
of the other Docks, greeniih and white at ﬁrf’t,
but afterwards brown; but they are larger than
in almoi’t any other kind. The Root is very
large, long, and divided; the outer Coat is of a
browniih Yellow; within, it is yellowtmixed with
red. This is the Part ufed; it has been called
Monks Rhubarb from its poiTefﬁng form: of the
Virtues of the true Rhubarb; but'it poﬁ'eﬂ'es them
only in a flight Degree, it is very little pUrgative,
and lefs al’tringent:’ It works by Urine as well
as Stool, and is good in the Jaundice, and other
Diforders ariﬁng from Obftruétions.

There is another Plant of the Dock Kind called
Baftard Rhubarb, kept in fome Gardens and mif-
taken for this. The Leaves of it are roundilh.
It has the fame Virtues with the Monks Rhu-
barb, but in-a much lefs Degree, {0 that it is ve-
ry wrong to ufe it in its Place.

Donnnm
C U S C U T A.
A Very {trange and ﬁngular Plant, but not un-

b

common with us. It conﬁﬁs of only Stalks,

and Flowers, for there are no Leaves, nor the
ieai‘t Refemblance of any. The Stalks are a Foot
or two in Length, and they faﬁen themfelves to
Other Plants; they are of a purplifh Colour, as
thick as a fmall Pack-Thread, and conﬁderably
tough and ﬁrm. Thefe wind themfelves about
the Branches of the Plants, and entangle them-
{elves alfo with one another in fuch aManner,
that there is no End of the Perplexity of tracing
and unfolding them, The Flowers grow in little

leads

I 24 Tée U/efu/ Family Heréal.

Heads, and are ﬁnal] and rediﬂi, four little Seeds
fucceed to each of them.

Dodder is belt frefh gathered ; it is to be boiled
in Water with a little Ginger and Allfpice, and
the Decoétion works by Stool brifkly; it alfo
opens ObftruEtions of the Liver, and is good in
the Jaundice and many other Diforders ariﬁng from
the like Caufe.

The Dodder which grows upon the Garden
Thyme, has been ufed to be preferred to the others
and has been fuppofed to poﬂefs peculiar Virtues
from the Plant on which it grows; but this is
imaginary: Experience lhews it to be only a Purge
as the other, and weaker. The common Dodder
is preferable to it with us, becaufe we can gather it
frefb, the other is imported, and we only have it
dry; and it often loofes a great deal of its Virtue
in the Hands of the Druggil’t.

DOG MERCURY.
CYNOCRAMBE.

A Common and poifonous Plant named here,

not as a Medicine, but that PeOple who ga—
ther Herbs, for whatever ufe, may guard againlt
it. It is common under Hedges; and in the ear-
lier Part of the Year makes a pretty Appearance.
People might very naturally be tempted to eat of
it among other Spring Herbs, for there is nothing
forbidding in its Afpect; and what is much worfe,
the Authors mol’t likely to be confulted on fuch
an Occaﬁon, might lead thofe into it, whom they
ought to have guarded againi’c it.

It is about :1 Foot high, and has but few
Leaves, but they are large. The Stalk is round,
thick, whitifh, pointed, and a little hairy; the
Leaves Rand principally toward the Top, fgur,

ve,

Ami: A,

O

753 Ufefal Family Heréal. 12 5

ﬁve, or ﬁx, feldom more: They are long and
conﬁderably broad, {harp-pointed, notched about
the Edges, and a little hairy. The Flowers are
inconfiderable : They {land in a kind of Spikes at
the Tops of the Stalks -, and the Seeds are on fee
parate Plants, they are double and roundifh.
The Herb has been from this divided into two
Kinds, Male and Female, but they have in ear-
lier Time given the Dii’tinctions of the Sex wrong.
Thofe which bear the Spikes of Flowers are the
Male Plants -, the others, notwithﬁanding any ac—
cidental Refemblance, Female.

There is not a more fatal Plant, Native of our
Country, than this; many have been known to
die by eating it boiled with their Food ; and pro-
bably many alfo, whom we have not heard of:
Yet the Writers of EngZi/b Herbals, fay nothing.
of this. Gerard, an honeﬁ: and plain Writer, but
ignorant as Dirt, fays, it is thought they agree
with the other Mercuries in Nature. Thefe other
Mercuries are eatable; therefore, who would
fcruple on this Account to eat alfo this. yobnfon,
who put forth another Edition of this Book, and
called it Gerard Emaculated, from the amending
the Faults of the original Author, fays nothing
to contradict it: But after fome idle Obfer—
vations upon other Herbs of the fame Name, but
very different Qialities, which yet he feems to
fuppofeof the fame Nature, leaves his Reader to
fuppofe, that he meant equally any of the Kinds
of Mercury, for the Purpofes he names -, and, like
his .Predeceﬁ'or Gerard, fuppofed them all to be
alike; thofe fafe, and thofepoifonous. It is true,
Mr. Ray, in his Synopﬁs of the Britiﬂ.» Plants,
gives an Account of it as aPoifon, and mud fuf—
ficiently warn all who read him, from the Herb :
But who reads him? His Book in which this is

I men-

 

Q
I 26 The U/éful FamiZy Heréal.
mentioned, is written in Latin, and thofe who
want the Information cannot read 1t.

This is not only the Cafe 1n one 01 two Parti-
cula‘rs, it is f0 in all. To fpeak generally, the
Books which contain real Knowledge, are written
in Latin, th1ough an Oftentation of their Authors
to ﬂiew their Learning or a Pride 1n having them
read 1n other Nationsb as well as here- -, and thofe
We have 1n Engliﬂz are ignorant, defpifed by the
Perfons of Judgment, and ﬁt only to miﬂead. If
they enumerate Virtues, they give them at ran-
dom, or give too many falfe among the true, that
the Reader knows not What to choofe; or their real
Ignorance mingles Poifons with Sallets, as we fee
in the prefent Inﬂance : Nor is any more Regard
to be paid to what they fay of Herbs, from cer—-
tain great Names they quote. Diofcorides and G4—
len were indeed great Phylicians; but Men like
thefe are not qualiﬁed to proﬁt from their Labours.
The Names of Plants have been changed fo often
fmce their Time, that we do not know what they
mean by feveral: And it is eafy for fuch fad Pro—
ﬁcients as theie, to reco1d of one Plant, what
they {poke of another: Beﬁdes, even in their beit
Writings, the1e is a g1eat deal of F1ror and F01-
ly, as may be feen 1n a ()\uotation ol this john/012’ s
£10m them, added to Gerard 1n this very Chapter.
W here {peaking of one of the kinds of Mercury, ~
dil’tinguifhed like this poifonous Kind, into Male
and Female, he fays, ‘ that the Male Kind conduces
‘ to the Generation of Boys, and the Female of
‘ Girls.’ Such is the Matter, that a Superiority in
one of thefe Authors over the other, qualiﬁed him
to add to his Book: Such are the Ezzglz‘ﬂj Books,
that are extant upon this Subject; and fuch the
Direélzion 0%er to the Charitable, confounding

catable Herbs with Poifons. This has been. one
Great
D

. h,‘:_‘._;«”

752 U/Efzzl Famigy Heréal-Z it?”

great Reafon of- writing the prefent Book, that
there may be one Guide and Direction at leaf’t, to
be depended upon; ‘ and this its Author has
thought proper to fay at large upon the imme-
diate Occaﬁon, ratherrthan in 3. Preface ; becaufe
there it mutt have been accompanied with a need-
lefs Repetition, and perhaps would not have been.

obferved by many, who. may have recourfe to the
Book. ‘

DOG TOOTH.
DENS CANINUS.

A Very pretty little Plant, with two broad

Leaves and a large drooping Flower, com-
mon in Indy and Germany, and frequent in our
Gardens. It is ﬁve or ﬁx Inches high. The
Stalk is round, ﬂender, weak, and greenifh to-
wards the Top, often white at the Bottom. The
Leaves {tand a little Height above the Ground :
They are oblong, fomewhat broad, of a beauti-_
ful Green, not at all dented at the Edges, and
blunt at the End: They inclofe the Stalk at
the Bafe. Tb? ; lower is large and white, but with
a Tinge of redifh; it hangs down, and is long,
hollow, and very elegant. The Root is roundifh,
and has fome Fibres growing from its Bottom, it
is full of a ﬁimy Juice.

The frefh gathered ROOts are ufed, for they
dry very ill, and generally loofe their Virtues in-
tirely. They are good againf’t Worms in Chil-
dren, and take a furpriﬁng and fpeedy Eﬁ’eél: a—
gainl’t thofe violent Pains in the Belly, which are
owing to thofe Creatures. The belt Way of giv—
ing them is in the exprelTed Juice; Or if Children
will not take that, they may be boiled in Milk,
to which they give very little Talia. ’ It is a poyv-

er ul

of"

1 28 The .Ufefu/ Family Heréal; ,

crful Remedy, _»and a fmall Dofe will take Eﬂ'eét,
efpecially of) the Juice, f0 that it is bell: to begin
With very little, and as that is well born, to increafe

the Qlantity.

D R A G o N s.
DRACONTIUM.

A Fine tall and beautiful Plant, kept in Gar-
dens for its Ufe in Medicine, as well as for its
Appearance. It is four Feet high. The Stalk is
thick, round, and ﬁrm, perfectly fmooth, and
painted on the Surface with feveral Colours,
Purple, White, Green, and others. The Leaves.
are very large, and Hand on long Foot—Stalks:
They are of a deep and ftrong Green, and each is
divided into feveral Portions in the Manner of
Fingers. The Flower is like that of the com—
mon Arum or Cuckow Pint: It is contained in a
hollow green Cafe, of a deep Purple within, and
the Pii’til is ufually alfo of a deep Purple; after
this is fallen, appear, as in the Arum, large red
Berries in a Clui‘ter. The whole Plant is of an
acrid and infupportable Taﬁe.

The whole Plant is to be gathered when in
Flower, and dried; it may afterwards be given in
Decoétion, Powder, or otherwife. It was val‘cly
ef’teemed for malignant Fevers, and in the Small
Pox, but it has of late loft much of its Credit, at
prefent it is only ufed in fome Compoﬁtions.

The DRAGONS BLOOD TREE.
SANGUIS DRACONIS ARBOR;

A Very beautiful Tree, Native of the Canarz‘er,
and fome other Places. It is of the Palm
Kind, and one of the handlbmeﬁ: of them. The
Trunk is, naked all the way to the“ Top, and there
, ,' . ”Hitand

{Me ,Uﬁf’ul Famz'gr Heréal. ' I 2 9

ﬁand on its Summit 3. great Qiantity of Leaves,
long, narrow, and pointed at the Ends; of a blu-
ifli green Colour, and mat unlike the Leaves of
our Flags. The Fruit is round, and is of the
Bignels of a Walnut with the green Rind upon
It.

The Dragons Blood is a red friable Reﬁn. Our
Druggifts keep it: The belt is in fmall Lumps ;
there is an inferior Kind in Cakes or Maﬁ‘es. it
is procured by cutting the Trunk of this Tree in
the great Heats. There are alfo two other Kinds
of Palm, that afford the fame Reﬁn. It is a very
excellent Aftringent. It is ufeful in Purgings and
in the Overﬂowing of the Menfes, in Spitting of
Blood, and all Other Occaﬁons of that Kind. It
may be given in, Powder.

DROPWORT.
FILIPENDULA;

A Very pretty wild Plant, with Tufts of whitifh
Flowers, and Leaves ﬁnely divided. It groWs

two Feet high. The Stalk is round, ﬁriated, up-
right, ﬁrm, and branched. The Leaves are large
and divided into a great Number of ﬁrm Seg-
ments, they rife principally from the Root, and
{land on ﬂender F cot—Stalks. There , are
few Leaves on the Stalks, and they are fmall.
The Flowers are little, but they ﬁand in great
Tufts at the Tops of the Branches: They are
white on the Inﬁde, and often redilh 0n the Out-
ﬁde. The Seeds are ﬂattifh and grow fever-a1 to-
gether. The Root is compofed of a great Num-
ber of fmall Lumps, faﬁened together by Fila-
ments. This Root is the Part moﬂ: ufed; it is
good in Fits of the Gravel, for it promotes Urine
greatly and fafely. For this Purpofe the Juice
Ihould be givemor a ﬁ'rong Decoftion of the frefh
K Root,

it 30 77}: Uféfal Farmb! Harm

Root. When dried it may be given in Pewder to
flop the Whites and Purgings, it is a gentle and
fate Afiringent. ‘

' There are feveral other Plants called in Englz' J
Drapworts, which are very different in their Qua-
lities, and one of them is poifonous in a terrible
Degree; this laﬂ: is called Hemlock Dro wort;
care muft therefore be taken that the right ind is
ufed, but this is fuﬂiciently dif‘l‘erent’ from all the
others. The Flower is compofed of ﬁx little
Leaves, and is full of yellow Threads in the Mid-
dle; the Flowers of all the others are compofed
only of ﬁve Leaves each. They are all umbelli-
ferous Plants, but this is not; the Flowers grow
in Cluﬁers, but not in Umbels : They grow like
thofe of the Ulmaria or Meadow Sweet.

DUCK—WEED.
LENTICULA.

A Small green Herb, conﬁf’tingof ﬁngle, little
‘ roundilh Leaves, which ﬂoat upon the Stir-
face of the Water, and fend their Roots into it
for Nourilhment, without {ticking them into the-
Mud. It is the fmall green Herb that covers al-
moﬁ all our {landing \Vaters in Summer. There
are two other kinds of it, one with fmaller Leaves
and many Fibres from each, another with only
one Fibre from each Leaf: Both thefe are green
allover; and a third kind with larger Leaves,
which are purple underneath, but all thefe have
the fame Virtue, and it is no Matter which is
taken. The Juice is to 'be given, and it is to be
continued for feveral Days. '

It works powerfully by Urine, and opens Ob—
ﬁruc’tions of the Liver: Jaundices have been cured
by it ﬁngly. ' '

DWARF

‘72»; U/efzleamié: Herédl. ‘ :3:

(DWARF ELDER.
EBULUS.

A Plant f0 much refembling the common Elder

Tree, that it may be eaﬁly miﬂaken for it
till examined. It grows four or five. Feet high.
The Stalks are green, round, tender, and Upright,
and they have very much the Appearance of the
young Shoots of Elder, but there is no woody
Part from whence they rife, the Leaves are large,
and compofcd of feveral Pairs of others, as thofe
of Elder, with an odd one at the End; but thefe
are longer than in the Elder, and they are ferrated
round the Edges. The Flowers are {mall and
whine, but they f’tand in very large Clufters or
Umbels, juft as thofe of the Elder; and they are
fucceeded by Berries which are black when ripe,
but that is a Condition in which we feldom fee
them, for the Birds are fo fond of them, they eat
them as they come to Maturity. The Root is
white and creeping, and the Whole Plant dies down
every Year to the Ground.

It is wild in Eaglmzd, but not common, a great
(luantity of it grows at the Back of Capers Gar-
dens. It may be dried: But the beﬂ: Way of
giving it is in the Juice. This works ﬂrongly
both by Stool and Urine, and has often cured

Dropﬁes.

DYER'S WEED.
LUTEOLA.

A Very ﬁngular and pretty wild Plant; it grows
on dry Banks and upon Walls, and is known-

at light by its upright Stalks, and very long
Spikes of greenifh yellow Flowers. It grows to
for r Feet or more in Height. The Stalk is thick,
' K 2 ﬁrm,

'1‘3‘2 775a Uﬁful Fafmly Herbal.
ﬁrm, channelled, and in a manner covered with
Leaves: They are {mall in Proportion to the Big—
nefs of the Plant, oblong, narrow, and pointed
at. the Ends, of a yellowifh green Colour, and
not ferrated at the Edges; a T uft of the fame
kind of Leaves but fomewhat larger, furround
the Bottom of the Stalk. The Root is long and
white. The Flowers are ﬁnall, but very nume—
rous.

The ﬂowery Tops of this Plant dried, and
given in Decoction, are faid to be a Remedy for

the Evil, but the Report is not eﬁzabliihed by any
known Experience.

 

E.

I

f E L D E R.

. S A M B- U C U S.
A Common wild Shrub -, it grows irregularly.
The Stem or Trunk is covered with a rough
whitifh Bark, and the Wood is ﬁrm, but there is
a Hollow within, this is fmalleﬂ: in the largeft
Parts of the Shrub, but it is never quite oblite-
rated. ' The young Shoots are thick, long, and
Green; they grow quick, and are often a Yard
long before they begin to change Colour, or grow
woody. Thefe contain a large (Luantity of Pith;
and their Bark as they ﬁand becomes browniih,
and their under Surface woody. The Leaves are
compofed of feveral Pairs of others, With an odd
one at the End: The Flowers ﬁand in val’t Clu-
iters, or Umbels, and are {mall and white; they
are fucceeded by Berries, which are black when
ripe, and are full of a purple. Juice. There is a—
nother kind of Elder, with Berries white when they
are

7793 Ufeful Famiéy Heréal. ,I 3 3

are ripe, and another with jagged Leaves, but the,
common Elder, is the Sort to be ufed.

The inner Bark of the Elder, is a ﬁrong Purge;
and it has been known to cure Dropﬁes when
taken in Time, and often repeated. The Flowers
are made into an Ointment, by boiling them in
Lard, till they are almol’t crifp, .and then pour-
ing it OFF, this is cooling; the Juice of the Berries
is boiled down with a little Sugar, or by fome
wholly without, and this when it comes to the
C onﬁﬁence of Honey, is the famous Rob Of Elder,
good in Colds and fore Throats. A Wine is made
of the Elder Berries, which has the Flavour of
Frontignac. _

E L E c A M P A N E.
ENULA CAMPANA.

A Tall and robuf’t Plant, wild in fome Parts of

England, but kept in Gardens for the Ufes of
Medicine, it grows ﬁve Feet high, and the Flower
is yellow, and very large. The Stalk is round,
thick, upright, very robufl, and redifh: The
Leaves are long, large, and rough, and they are
pointed at the Ends, of a pale green Colour.
The Flowers grow at the Tops of the Branches,
and have fomething like the Appearance of a dou—
ble Sun Flower. They are two Inches in Dia-
meter, yellow, and very beautiful. The Root is
long and thick, and is brown on the Outﬁde, and
white within.

The Root is the Part ufed, we have it dried from
Germany, but it is for molt Purpofes better to take
that frefh out of the Garden, which we have here.
Hardly any Plant has more Virtues. It is good
. in all Diforders of the Brcaﬂ: and Lungs, and it
opens Obﬂruétions: It operates by Urine pow.-
erfully, and alfo by Sweat : 'And the Juice of it

K 3 will

I 34. Z32 Uﬁful Family Heréal.

will cure the It‘ch applied externally. Its greatei’c
Virtue, however, is againl’t Coughs, and for this
Purpofe it is belt taken candied, provided that be
well done. A little of it may in this Way be held
almoft continually in the Mouth, and fwallowed
‘oently, [0 that it will take Eﬁeét much better
It an by a larger Dofe fwallowed at once.

ELM.
ULMUS.

ATall Tree, Native of our own Country, and

fuﬁ’iciently common in our Hedges. It grows
to a great Bignefs. The Bark is brow-nifh, rough,
and irregular ; the Trwigs are alfo brown, and very
tough. The Leaves are fmall, broad, ihort,
rough to the Touch, and ﬁnely indented about
the Edges, and they terminate in a Point. The
Flowers are not regarded, they appear before the
Leaves, and principally about the Tops of the
Tree, and they are only thready; the Seeds are
ﬂat.

The inner Bark of the Elm boiled in Water,
makes one of the beft Gargles for a fore Throat,
that can be fupplied by the whole Liﬂ: of Medi-
cines. It lhould be fweetened with Honey of Rofes;
it is extremely foft and healing, and yet at the
fame Time very cleanﬁng.

There are mm or three other kinds of Elms
common in Garden Hedges, they are brought
from other Countries, but the Bark of the Engli/b
rough Elm is preferable to them all as a Medi-
ClnC.

ENDI‘J'E

' ﬁe Uﬂfuéﬁemié’ ﬂew" ‘ 13 5-

; SESNii-DIIV E,
ENDIVIA.

A Come-P Garden Plant kept for Sallets. It
grows two Feet high, and theF lowers are
blue, but we fee it a thoufand Times with only
the Leaves for once in Flower, and thefe the
Gardeners have the Art of twiﬁing, and curling,
and whitening in fuch a Manner, that they are
fcarce to be known, as belonging to the Plant.
Naturally they are long and narrow, blunt at the
End, and deeply notched at the Edges, and of a
yellowifh green Colour; the Stalks are round and
ﬁrm, and the Leaves that grow on them, are like
thofe from the Root, but fmaller: The Flowers
{tand at the Tops of the Stalks and Branches, they
are blue, and in Shape and Structure like thofe of
Dandelion: They are very beautiful. -

The Juice of Endive may be taken with great
Advantages as Medicine; it cools the Stomach,
and operates by Urine 'very powerfully; it alfo
opens Obﬁructions of the Vifcera. It is good a:
gainﬂ: the Jaundice, and conﬂantly taken for
{ome Time, againf’t the Scurvy.

ERYNGQ
ERYNGIUM.

AWild Plant, which grows with us by the Sea
Side, and is kept alfo in Gardens, betaufe of.

- its Virtues. It is prickly like a Thiflle, and the

whole Plantappears not green, but whitiih. The
Stalk is ﬁrm, woody, round, ﬁriate'd, and thick
not very upright, branched, and fpread irre-
gularly about. The Leaves are fmall, and of a
pale bluilh Green, approaching to White, they

K 4 ‘ are

‘1» 36 WraimulFamiZy Héi'éal.

are broad, oblong, and jagged and prickly. The
Flowers growin little Heads at the Tops of the
Stalksyand there ﬁandsa Circle of fmall Leaves
under them. The Flowers, feparately, taken are
fmall, and of a pale greenilh White, but the Head
of them is tolerably large. The Root is long and
(lender, and of a pleafant Tafte.

. This is the Part ufed, the beﬁ Way is to take
them candied, they are good againll: Coughs, and
Weaknelfes of all kinds.’ They have alfo caufed
noble Virtues, as aDiuretic, and are good againft
the Jaundice,» for this laft Purpofe a Decoftion
made from the frefh Roots . is bel’t. They are
balfamic as well as diuretic. V

The EUPHORBIUM PLANT.
EUPHORBIUM.

A Very ftrange Plant, Native of the hot Coun-
tries, and unlike every thing that is known in
this Part of the World. It is ten or twelve Feet
high, and is of a folid thick Body, ofa triangu-
lar or elfe a {quare Figure as thick as a Man’s
Leg, and is divided by Knots placed at Diﬁan—
ces, fo as to feem made up of feveral Joints. The
Edges of the Body are all befet with very {harp
Prickles ;. the Plant itfelf is compofed only of a
pulpy foft Matter, covered with a thick Rind, of
a green Colour; it abounds with a milky Juice,
but fo acrid that there is no bearing a Drop of it
a Moment on the Tongue. The Plant often con-
ﬁfts of one ﬁngle Stem, fuch as is jult defcribed,
but frequently it lends out feveral Branches : Thefe
are naked in the fame Manner as the main Stem.
All that have beﬁde the Prickles, are a kind of
thin Films or Membranes, {mall and groyving

rom

7732 Ufg‘fulfmiljrlﬁrédi‘" 1:37
from their Bales, but the Plant is altogether with-
,out Leaves. The Flowers grow three together
among the Thorns, and the Fruit is a Veﬂ‘el con-
taining three Seeds. _ ' ,

The Gum which {wears out from this Plant, is
uied in Medicine ~, it is yellowifh and comes forth
in fmall Drops, its Taf’te is {harp and infupportar.
ble ; it is a violent Purge, and is recommended
againft Dropﬁes, but we fcarce ever prefcrib'e it,-
it is fo very rough; it is fometimes flied outward-
ly among other Things applied to the Feet in vio‘
lent F evers.

EYEBRIGHT.
EUPHRASIA.

A Very pretty low Herb common in our Nlea-

dows, with woody Stalks, and bright and
little variegated Flowers. It grows ﬁx or eight
Inches high. The Stalks are round, thick, ﬁrm,
and very hard, the Leaves are ﬂat, broad, and
very deeply indented at the Edges ; and they are
of a bright fhining Green. The Flowers are lit-
tle, and they are very bright, their ground Colour
is white, and they are ﬁreaked and {potted with
black and, fome other dark Colours.

This Plant has been always famous for Dimnefs
of Sight, but whether Experience warrants the
Chat-after that is given of it is uncertain. The
Juice is very diuretic.

v.13 8 .756 Wﬁd Family 'Heréal.

F.

FENNEL
FOENICULUM.

A Common Garden Plant, kept for its Ufe in

the Kitchen, rather than its medicinal Virtues.
It grows ﬁx or eight Feet high. The Stalk is
round, hollow, and of a deep green Colour; the
Leaves are large, and divided into a vait Num—
ber of ﬁne {lender Segments, and they are alfo of
a deep or bluilh green Colour. The Flowers {land
at the Tops of the Branches, and are fmall and
yellow; but there grow large Cluf’ters of them to—
.gether ~, the Seed is linall, dark coloured, and {tri—
ated, and is of a 1harp acrid Talte; the Root is
long and white.

The Root is the Part molt ufed; a Deeoétion
made of it with common Water, and given in
large Quantities works by Urine, 'and is good a-
gaini’t the Gravel and in the Jaundice.

SWEET FENNEL.
FCENICULUM DULCE.

Garden Plant very like the common kind, but

of a paler Colour. It grows four Feet high;

the Stalk is round, hollow, ﬁriated, upright, and
branched; and the Leaves are large and divided
into a great Number of ﬁne Segments, in the Man—
ner of thofe of common Fennel, but both thele
and the Stalks are of a pale yellowilh green Co—
lour, not {0 dark as in the other kind. The
Flowers are yellowiih, and {land in ﬁnall Cluﬁers
or Umbels -, the Seeds follow, two after each
1. Flower,

77):: Ufeﬁzl'Famibz _Heréal. -I 39
Flower; and they are quite different from thofe ,
of the common Fennel, in Size, Shape, Colour,
and Tafte. They are long, flender, of a pale Co-
lour, a little crooked, and deeply ﬁriated. Their
Tafte is fweetilh and a little acrid.

As the Roots are the Part moﬂ' ufed of the
common Fennel, the Seeds are the only Part ufed
of this. They are excellent in the Cholic, and are
ufed externally ufed with Succefs in Pultices to
Swellings. The Seeds of the common Fennel are
ufed by fome, but they are very hot and acrid.
Thefe are preferable for internal Ufe.

FENNEL FLOWER.
NIGELLA.

ASingular and pretty Plant kept in Gardens.

It grows a Foot and half high. The Stalk
is ﬁrm, round, f’triated, and upright and hollow.
The Leaves are divided into a Multitude of ﬁne
ﬂender Parts like thofe of Fennel, only very fmall
in Comparifon, and thence it had the Englifb
Name of Fennel Flower; they ﬂand irregularly on
the Stalks, and are of a pale Green. The Flowers
ﬁand at the Tops of the Branches : They are lin-
gular and pretty, the Colour is whitifb, and they
are moderately large, the green Leaves about them
give them a very particular Grace.

The Juice of the Plant frelh gathered, is good
for the Head—ach; it is to be {mulled up the
Nofe, and it will occaﬁon fneezing, inwardly
taken it works by Urine, and is good in the
Jaundice.

1.4.0 15:: U/éfal-Famibr Heréal.

Hoes FENNEL.
PEUCEDANUM.

AWild Plant with divided Leaves, and Um-
, ~ bels of yellow Flowers, and thence bearing a
remote Refemblance of Fennel. It grows two
Feet high; the Stalk is round, ﬁriated, hollow,
upright, and branched. The Leaves are like thofe
of Fennel, but the Diviﬁons are much broader,
and they run in threes. The Flowers are little and
yellow, but the Clui’ters of them are large, and
the Seed is oblong and ﬂat. At the Top of the
Root, there is always found a Tuft of hairy Mat-
ter. This is made up of the Fibres of decayed
Leaves, but it has a ﬁngular Appearance. The
Root is large, long, and brown, and this is the Part
, ufed as a Medicine. It is to be boiled in Water,
and the Decoétion drank Night and Morning -, it
ldiﬁblves tough Phlegm, and helps ai’thmatic Peo—
ple; it alfo works by Urine, and promotes the
Menfes, and is good in all Obﬂruéiions.

FOENUGREEK
FCENUM GRZECUM.

A Plant of the Trefoil kind, but ﬁngular in its
Manner of Growth, cultivated in Fields in
many Places for the Sake of the Seed. It is emol—
lient. It grows :1 Foot and half high ; the Stalks
are round, ﬁriated, and branched. The Leaves
are fhort and broad : They ﬁand three upon every
Stalk as in the common Trefoiis; and are indented
about the Edges. The Flowers are white and
fmall, and they refemble a Pea BlofTom ; the
‘ Pods are ﬂat, and in them is contained :1 Quantity
of yellow Seeds of an irregular Figure, and difa~
greeable' Smeil. ‘ ‘
MAL};

”77x UﬂfzdrFMily Herﬁ'a'l. . 14.1

M A L E F E R N.

F IL‘IX MAS.
CommonWeed growing at the Roots of Trees,
and in dry Ditches. It has no Stalk for
bearing of Flowers, but feveral Leaves. rife to-
gether from the Root, and each of thefe is in
itfelf a diftinét Plant. It is two Feet high, and
near a Foot in Breadth; the Stalk is naked for ,
ﬁx r eight Inches, and thence is fet on each Side
with a How of Ribs or fmaller Stalks. Every
one of which carries a double Row of fmaller
Leaves, with an odd one at the End; the whole
together making up one great Leaf, as in many

of the umbelliferous Plants.

On the Backs of thefe ﬁnaller Leaves, ﬁand
the Seeds in round Clui’ters, they look brown and
dufty. The Root is long and thick, and the whole
Plant has a difagreeable Smell. The Root is
greatly recommended for curing the Rickets in
Children. With what Succefs it would be hard
to fay.

FEMALE FERN.
FELIX FGEMINA.

Tall and fpreading Plant, common on our
Heaths, and called by the Country People
Brakes. It grows four Feet high. The Stalks are
round, green and fmooth -, the Leaves are fet on
each ﬁde, and are fubdivided. The whole may
indeed be properly called only one Leaf as in the
Male Fern; but it has more the Appearance of
a'Number becaufe it is fo ramofe. The fmall
Leaves or Pinnules which go to make up the
large one, are oblong, ﬁrm, hard, and of a deep
green Colour, and they are {0 fpread that the
Whole

14.2 77w. ‘U/éful ' Family Herb].

whole Plant is often three Feet wide. On the
Edges of thefe little Leaves, (land the Seeds in
{mall dufty Clullers. But they are not f0 frequent
on this, as on the Male F em, for Nature has f0
well provided for the Propagation of this Plant by
the Roots, that the Seeds are lefs necelTary, and
where it is f0, they are always produced more »
fparingly. A certain Qiantity of every Species
is to be kept up, but the Earth is not to be over-
run with any.

The Roots of female Fern frelh gathered, and ‘
made into a Decoétion, are a Remedy againl’c that
long and ﬂat Worm in the Bowels, called the
Tape~Worm, no Medicine deflroys them f0 ell'ec-

tually.

FLOVV-ERING FERN.
OSMUNDA RE.GALIS.

THere is fomething that at ﬁrlt Sight appears

ﬁngular in the'Manner of this Fern’s ﬂow-
ering, but when particularly examined, it is not
different in any thing material from the other. It
grows three Feet high, and the Leaves are very
regularly conltruc’ted, and very beautiful; they
are compofed in the Manner of the other Ferns,
each offeveral fmall ones, and thefe are broader
and bigger than in any of the other kinds, not
at all indented on the Edges -, and of a bluilh green
Colour, and afterwards yellowilh. Many Leaves
arife from the fame Root, but only fome few of
them bear Seeds. Thefe principally rife about the»
Middle, and the Seeds ﬂand only on the upper
Part : They cover the whole Surlace of the Leaf,
or nearly f0 in this Part, and the little Pinnules
turn round inwards, and fhew their Backs rounded
up. Their: are brown from being covered with

the Seeds, and they have {0 different an Appear-
‘ . ance

Yze Ufeful Famigy Heréal, 14.3

ance from all the raft of the Plant, that they are
called Flowers. The Root is long and covered
with Fibres. The Plant grows in baggy Places,
but it is net very common wild in England.

A Decoétion of the frelh Roots promotes Urine,
and opens Obf’trué‘tions of the Liver and Spleen,
it is not much ul'ed, but I have known a Jaun-
dice cured by it, taken in the Beginning.

FEVERFEW.
MATRICARIA.

ACommon wild Plant, with divided Leaves,
and a Multitude of fmall Flowers like Dailies;
it grows about Farmers Yards. The Stalk is
round, hollow, upright, branched, and ﬁriated,
and grows two Feet high. The Leaves are large,
divided into many ﬁnall ones, and thofe roundifh
and indented; they are of a yellowifh green Co-
lour, and particular Smell. The F 10Wers Rand
about the Tops of the Stalks, they are fmall,
white round the Edges, and yellowilh in the Mid-
dle. The RoOt is white, little, and inconfiderable.

The whole Plant is to be ufed, it is bel’t frelh,
but it preferves fome Virtue dried; it is to be
given in Tea, and it is excellent agai‘ni’t Hyﬁeric
Diforders; it promotes the Menfes.

The FIG—TREE.
FICUS.

A Shrub fulﬁciently known in our Gardens.
The Trunk is thick, but irregular, and the
Branches, which are very numerous, grow without
any fort of Order. The Leaves are very large,
and of a deep blackifh Green, broad, divided deep-
ly at the Edges, and full of a milky Juice. The
flowers are contained within the Fruit. The
‘ F ig-

14.4. .YZJe.U/éful Family Heréal.

Fig-Tree produces Fruit twice in the Year; the
ﬁrﬁ fet in Spring, the fecond towards September,
but thefe laft never ripen with us. The dried Figs
of the Grocers, are the Fruit of the fame Tree in
Spain and Portugal, but they grow larger there,
and ripen better. ‘

Our own Figs are wholefome Fruit, and they
are applied outwardly to Swellings with Succefs,
they foften and give cafe while the Matter is form-
ing within. ‘

FIGWORT.
SCROPHULARIA.

ATall and regular growing wild Plant, with
fmall deep purple Flowers. It grows four
Feet high, and is common in our Woods, and
Ditches, where there is little Water; there is ano-
ther kind of it in wet Places, called alfo Water
Betony, which is to be dillinguilhed from it by
the round lndentings of the Leaves ; it alfo grows
in Water, or juit by it: The right F igwort, only
Loves Shade, and Dampnefs, but not abfolute
wet. The Stalk is fquare, upright, hollow, and
very ﬁrm; the Leaves {land two at each Joint,
oppoﬁte one to the other; they are large, broad
at the Bafe, narrow at the Point, and fharply in~
dented; they ﬁand on long F cot-Stalks, and they
have the Shape of the Nettle Leaf, but they are
perfectly fmooth, and of a fhining Colour; they
are fometimes green, but often brown, as is alto
the whole Plant. The Flowers are very fmall
and gaping, their Colour is a blackifh Purple.
The Root is long, white, and full of little Tu—
fhercles, it fpreads a great Way under the Sur-
ace.

The Juice of the frefh gathered Root is an ex-
cellent Sweetener of the Blood taken injhiall Doies,
‘ . and

We U/éfﬂl 17477225) Herdal' i4;
and for a long Time together. The frelh Roots
bruifed and applied externally, are faid alfo to be '

excellent for the Evil. They cool and give Eafe
in the Files, applied as a Pultice,

TheFIR’TREm
ABIES.

AWild Tree in Germany and many other Parts

of Europe, bUt with us only kept in Gar-
dens. We have no kind of the Fir Native: What
is called the Sam/9' Fir, is not a Fir but at Pine.

The F ir-tree grows to a conﬁderable Height,
and with great Regularity. The Trunk is covered
with a rough and cracked Bark, of a reﬁnous
Smell ; the Leaves are numerous, and Rand
Very beautifully on the Branches. They Fraud in
two Rows, o‘ne oppoﬁte to the‘ Other, and are
oblong, but fomewhat brOad and ﬂat. They are
of a pale Green, and of a whitilh Hue under-
death. The Tree is hence called the Silver Fir,
and from the Difpoﬁtion of the , Leaves, the
Yew-leaped Fir, for they grow as in the Yew-'
Tree. The Fruit or Cones l’tand upright ; in this
kind, they are long, thick, and brown.

The Tops of this kind are great Sweetners of
the Blood, and they work powerﬁilly by Urine.
They are belt given in Diet Drinks, or brewed in
the Beer, which is commonly drank.

The RED FIR TREE,(m.P1TeH
TREE“ '
P I C E A. .- '
ATall Tree, but not f0 regular in itsiGrowth,
or in the Difpoﬁtion of its Leaves‘as the other.
The Trunk is thick, the Bark. redilh, and the

\Vood foft. The Branches are numerous, and
:‘ ' L they

, ~- my.“ ‘VI‘Fu'e'ﬁv . .1,
u

14.6 The U/éful Famib-Hefﬁal.

they l’tand irregularly. The Leaves are oblong,
narrow, and {harp—pointed, and they do not grow
in two even Rows, as is in the other, but f’tand
irre ularly on the Twigs. The Cones are long,
ﬂenﬁer, and hang doanards. The whole Tree
has a ﬁrong reﬁnous Smell.

The Tops of this are boiled in Diet Drinks 1:1-
gainlt the Scurvy as the other, but they make the
Liquor much more naufeous; and not at all bet-
ter for the intended Purpofes.

Pitch and Tar are the Produce of the Fir Tree,
as alfo the Stralburg and fome other of the Tur-
pentines. The Larch Tree and Turpentine Tree
furnilhing the others, as will be feen in their Places.
The Wood is piled in Heaps, and lighted at the
Top, and the Tar fweats out at the lower Parts.
This beingboiled, becomes hard, and is called Pitch.

The Turpentines are balfamic, and very pow-
erful Promoters of Urine, but of thefe more in

their Places : The Tar has been of late rendered
‘ famous by the Water made from it ; but it was a
falhionable Remedy, and is now out of Repute
agﬂlll.

SWEET FLAG.

ACORUS, CALAMUS AROMATICUS
D lC T U S. -

A‘Common wild Plant that grows undiltinguifhed
among the Flags and Rufhes, by our Ditch
Sides. The old Phylicians meant another Thing
by Calamzts ﬂromatz'cus : They gave this Name
to the dried Stalksof a Plant, but at prefent it is
ufed as the Name of the Root of this. The Sweet
Flag grows three Feet high, but conﬁﬁs only of
Leths without a Stalk. They are long, narrow,
and of a pale green Colour. Among thefe there
are commonly three or four in all Refpeé‘ts lilie
t 1e

77m Uféful Family Heréal. 147'
the rel’t, but that they have a Cluf’cer of F lowers
breaking Out at one Side, within ﬁve 0r ﬁx Inches
of the Top. This is long, brown, and thick, and
refembles a Catkin of a Filbert Tree, only it is
longer and thicker. The Root is long, ﬂattilh, and
creeping: It is of a ﬂrong and rather unpleafant
Smell when frefh, but it becomes very fragrant,
and aromatic in ""drying. Our own has its Value,
becaufe we can have it frefh, but the dried Root
is better had of the Druggiﬁs; they have it from
warmer Countries, where it is more fragrant.

The Juice of the freﬂi Root of Acorns is excel;
lent to promote the Menfes, it works by Urine
moderately, and gives no Offence to the Stomach.-
The dried Root is cordial and fudoriﬁc, it warms
the Stomach, and is good againi’c Indigef’tions and

Feversi

COMMON ACORUS OR YELLow FLAGS;
ACORUS ADULTERINUS.

' Common Plant in our Ditches, and by Riyet‘
Sides, dif’cinguifhed by its blue-green, Flag
like LeaVes, and its large yellow Flowers, which
in Shape refemble thofe of the Iris, or Flower de'
Luce. It grows three or fourFeet high: The Stalk
is roundifh, butpa little ﬂatted, of apale Green, very
erect, ﬁrm, and not branched. It only feuds out.
two or three Shoots upwards from the Bolbm of
the Leaves. The Leaves are at Foot and a half
long, narrow, ﬂat, and ﬂiarp at the Edges.
the Flowers {land at the T0ps of the Stalks, and
are large and beautiful. The Seeds are numerous,
and are contained in large triangular VelTels; The
Root creeps.
The Root of this is the only PArt ufed, fome
have confounded them with the true Acorus Root,

but they are called, by way of Diftinétion, falfe
L 2 or

/§A>" V 3. u ..

7_CV“;_"‘:{B§A;5-i j; ,

14.8 7725* U/éﬁzl Famzly. Herﬁal.

or bai‘tard Acorus; they are not at all like them
in Shape, Colour, or @alities; they are of ar edifh
Brown, have no Smell, and are of an aul’tere Tal’te,
they are an excellent Aftringent. They ihould be
taken up in Spring and dried, and afterwards
given in Powder. They f’top Fluxes and Over—
ﬂowings of the Menfes.

FLAL
LINUM.

Avery pretty as well as a very ufeful Plant, cula
tivated for the Sake of its Seeds, as well as its
Stalks. It is three Feet high, the Stalk is round,
ﬂender, ﬁrm, and upright. The Leaves are fmall,
Oblong, and narrow, and they I’tand irregularly,
.but in great Numbers on it. Toward the Top the
Stalk divides into three or four {hort Branches -,
and on thefe ﬁand the Flowers, they are large and
of a beautiful Blue. Each of thefe is fucceeded
by a roundifh Seed V eiTel -, in which are a Num-
ber of Seeds.

This Seed is what is called Linfeed. A Tea
made ofit is excellent in Coughs and Diforders of
the Bread and Lungs, and the Seed bruifed is
alfo good in Cataplaﬁns and Fomentations for
Swellings. The Oil drawn from it given in Pleu—
riﬁes and Peripneumonics, with great Succefs, and
it is alfo excellent in the GraVel and Stone.

PURGING FLAX.
LINUM CUTHARTICUM.

Pretty little Herb that grows abundantly in
our hilly Failures, in Parks and Warrens.

it is eight Inches high. ~ The Stalk is round, ﬁrm,
and at the Top divided into ﬁnall Branches. The
Leaves

.

722 Ufeful Famib/ Heréal. I 4.9

Leaves are little, oblong, broad, and obtufe, and
they Ptand two at each Joint. - The Flowers are
fmall and White, and the whole Plant has very
much the Afpeﬂ‘ of fome Kind of Chickweed,

but the Seed Veﬂél being examined, it appears to v

be altogether of the Flax Kind. The Root is
{mall and thready.

This little Plant is a firong but fafe Purge, the
Country People boil it in Ale, and cure them—
felves of Rheumatic Pains, and a great many
other obﬁinate Diforders by it. They talk of it

as a Remedy for Dropﬁes. Doubtlefs it is ufeful '

in all Cafes where a ﬁrong and brifk Purgative is
required.

FLEABANE.
CONYZA.

A Pretty wild Plant frequent about damp Places,

with whitilh Leaves and large yellow Flowers
in Autumn. It is two Feet high. The Stalk is
round and erect, very ﬁrm and ﬁrong, and is of-
ten of a redifh Colour. The Leaves are nume-
rous, and ﬁzand irregularly; they are above an
Inch long, moderately broad, of a rough Sur—
face, and whitiih Green. The Flowers {tand at
the Top of the Branches; they are broader than
a Shilling, yellow, and compofed of many nar-
row Petals. The whole Plant has a difagreeable
Smell.

It is difput‘ed whether this Kind of Fleabane,
or another which is fmaller, and has globous
Flowers, have the greater Virtue, but moi‘t give
it for this. The Juice of the whole Plant cures
the Itch, applied externally -, and the very Smell
of the Herb is faid to deliroy Fleas.

L 3 ' FLEA—

a

‘9 .

15¢ ﬁe Uﬁful Family Harm

FLEAWORT.
PSYLLIUMs

AN Herb of no great Beauty, Native of France,
but kept in Gardens here. It has narrow
Leaves, and inconﬁderable Flowers. It is a Foot
high. The Stalks are weak, greenilh, and alittle
hairy. The Leaves f’cand two or more at every
Joint, for that is uncertain; they are long, Very
narrow, and alfo fomewhat hairy: There rife
from the Bofoms of the-fe Leaves, long naked
Stalks, on which Rand aKind of Spikes of little
"Flowers, fomewhat like the Spikes of Plantain,
only ihorter; two Seeds fucceed each Flower, and
they are fmooth, blackilh, and of the Shape of
Fleas, whence the Name. There are many F low-
ers in each Head. A Mucilage is made of the
Seeds to cool the Throat in Fevers.

FLIX, ‘WEED, ~
SOPHIA CHIRURGORUM,

A Pretty wild Plant, about our walte Places
- and Farm Yards, confpicuous for its Leaves,
if not much {0 for its Flower. It grows two Feet
high; and the Stalk is round, erect, very ﬁrm,
and ﬁrong, and not much branched, The Leaves
are moderately large, and molt beautifully diVid?
ed into numerous‘fmall Segments, long and nar-
row,lthey ﬁand irre ularly upon the Stalks. The
Flowers are fmall 2mg yellow, they ftand in a kind
of Spikes at the TOps of the Stalks. They are
followed by fhort Pods. The whole Plant is of a

dark Green.
The Seeds are the Part ufecl: They are to be
3201186th when juﬁ ripe, and boiled whole. The
‘ Decoétion

2'52 Uﬁful Famibr Heréal. ; 5.1

Decoé‘tion cures the Bloody Flux, and is good a.
gainlt the Overﬂowing of the Menfes.

FLOWER GENTLE.
AMARANTHUS.

A Garden Flower. There are many Kinds of it ;
but that ufed in Medicine, is the large one
with the drooping purple Spike. It grows to four
Feet high. The Stalk is ﬁrm, round, and chan~
nelled, green fometimes, but often red. The
Leaves are oblong and broad, even at the Edges,
and pointed at the Ends: They are very'large,
and are often tinged with red. The Flowers are
purple, and they grow in long beautiful Spikes
hanging downwards.

The‘F lowers are the Part ufed. They are to be
gathered when not quite full blown, and dried.
They are good againf’t Purging and Overﬂowing
of the Menfes, in Powder or’Decoétion.

FLOWER DE LUCE.
IRIS.

Common Flower in our Gardens. The Plant
rows three Feet high. The Leaves are at
Foot and a half long, narrow, ﬂat, and in all
Refpeéls like the Leaves of Flags, and of a blu-
ifh Green. The Stalks are round, or a little ﬂat-
ted, thick, ﬁrm, upright, and of a greener Co—
lour. The Flowers are large, and of a deep Blue.
The Root fpreads about the Surface and is thick,
and of a brownifh Colour, and marked with

Rings. 1
The Juice of the frefh Roots of this Plant
bruifed with White Wine, is a {trong Purge, it will.
fometimes alfo vomit; but that is not hurtful, it -
is a Cure for Droplies. Gordon, an old Phyﬁe
L 4 “Titer,~

, w1f*’~1,3r‘:-i“' ‘3 «W

V\.

i

I 5 2 773g U/éful Family Heraal.
Writer, fays if a Dropfy can be cured by the Hand ‘

of Man, this Root will elite} it. I have found
it true in Practice.

FLORENTINE FLOWER DE LUCE.
IRIS FLORENTINA.

A Plant kept alfo in our Gardens, but not fo

frequently as the former; it fcarce differs in
any Thing from the common Flower de Luce,
except that the Flowers are white. The Root
fpreads in the fame Manner, and the Leaves are
flaggy. The Stalk is two Feet or more in Height,
and the Flower is as large as that of the blue
Kind, and perfectly of the fame Form.

The Root of this Kind when dried, is fragrant.
The Druggif’ts keep it. It is good againft Difor-
ders of the Lungs, Coughs, Hoarfenefs, and all
that Train of Ills -, and it promotes the Menfes.

FLUELLIM
ELATINE.

A Low Plant frequent in Corn Fields, and con~

fpicuous for its pretty, though fmall Flower,
The Stalks are ﬁve or ﬁx Inches long, round,
hairy, weak, and trailing upon the Ground. The
Leaves are little, hairy, rounded, and placed ir—
regularly. The Flowers are very fmall, but they
are variegated with purple and yellow, both Co—
lours very bright, they have a Heel behind, and
each {lands upon a little hairy Foot Stalk, ariﬁng
from the Bofom of the Leaf.

There is another Kind, the Leaves of which
have two Ears at their Bafe, in other refpeéts they
are the fame, and they have the fame Virtues. The
Juice of either is cooling and aftringent. It is

‘ given

7Z8 Ufeful Famibl Heréal. i 5 3

given by the Country People in the Bloody Flux
and Overﬂowing of the Menfes.

FOOLS STONES.
SATYRIUM SIVE ORCHIS.

A Beautiful wild Plant in our Meadows and
Paftures in j’une. The Leaves are long and
fpotted, and the Flowers are purple. It grows
ten Inches high. The Leaves are fix Inches long,
and three matters of an Inch broad, of a very
deep Green, with large and irregular Blotches of
black in different Parts. The Stalk is round,
thick, upright, ﬁngle, and ﬂefhy; it has two or
three fmaller Leaves of the fame Figure, and at
the Top [land the Flowers, in a Spike of an Inch
and a half long; they are not very large, and
of Shape diEerent from the Generality of Flowers;
their Colour is a deep and gloITy Purple; but
fometimes they are white. The whole Plant is
juicy. The Root conﬁlls of two round Bulbs or
two round Lumps like a Pair of Teﬁicles, and is
white and full of a ﬂimy Juice. '
The Root is the only Part ufed. It is fuppofl
ed to be a Strengthener of the Parts of Genera-
tion, and a Promoter of Venereal Defires; but
with what Truth one cannot fay. Externally ap-
plied in Cataplafms, it is excellent in hard Swell-
ings. There are a great many other kinds of
Orchis in our Meadows, but only this is ufed.
The Root called Salep by our Druggiﬁs, is
brought from Turkey, and is the Root of a Plant
of this Kind. It is ﬁrengthening and reftorative,
good in Confumptions and all Decays.

Fox«

 

« Pi swi“. ‘

x 5’4 szze Uﬁful Famigy Her-5a]. '

FOX—GLOVE.
DIGITALIS.

A Very beautiful wild Plant, in our Pai’cures,

and about Wood Sides. The Leaves are

. whitiih, and the Flowers large and red. It is
three Feet high. The Leaves are large, long,
rough on the Surface, pointed at the Ends, and
ferrated round the Edges. The Stalks are round,
thick, ﬁrm, and upright, and of awhite Colour.
The Flowers hang down from the Stalk, in a kind
of Spike: They are hollow, red, large, and a
little {potted with white, they are ihaped like the
End of the Finger of a GlOve.

The Plant boiled in Ale, is taken by People of
robuft Conf’titutions, for the Rheumatifm and o-
ther fiubborn Complaints -, it works violently up—
wards and downwards; and cures alfo (hiartan
Agues, and as is faid, the Falling Sicknefs. An
Ointment made of the Flowers of Fox-glove
boiled in 1144} Butter, has been long famous in
ferophulous Sores.

The FRANKINSENSE TREE.
ARBOR THURIFERA.

A Large Tree, as is faid, a Native of the warm-
~ er Countries, but we know very little of it.
‘Thofe who defcribe it moi’t, only fay that the
Trunk is thick, the Wood {pungy, and the Bark
rough. The Leaves they fay are narrow, and of
a pale Green: But as to the Flower and Fruit,
they are ﬁlent. Some fay it is thorny.

All that we ufe is the dry Reﬁn, which is of a
yellowifh white Colour, and bitterifh reﬁnous Taf’te,
and ﬁrong Smell. Our Druggii’ts keep this,
\Nhatever Tree produces this, it is a noble Balfam,

diffolved.

h

772:: Ujéful 'Famzly Heréal. 155
diffolved in the Yolk of an Egg,'--and made into
an Emulﬁon with Barley Water, it will do good
in Confumptions, when almoft all other Things
fail. It were well if the common triﬂing Practice
in that fatal Diforder, would give Way to the Ufe
of. this great Medicine.

FRENCH MERCURY.
MERCURIALIS MAS ET FCEMINA.

AWild Plant, but not very frequent in Eng—
g land, conf icuous for little elfe than that it
has the Male P lowers on fome Plants, and the
Female Flowers on others, in the Manner of Spi-s
nage, Hemp, and fome others as has been ex—
plained already under the article Date Tree. It
grows ten Inches high. The Stalks are angular,
green, thick, but not ﬁrm, and {land but mo-
derately upright. The Leaves are oblong, broad-
eft in the middle, lharp at the Point, ferrated at
the Edges, and of a deep green Colour. The
Female Plants produce tWo Seeds growing toge-
ther at the Top of a little Spike. The Male pro-
duce only a Spike of duﬂy Flowers, without any
Seeds or Fruit at all. But People commonly mif-
take the matter, and call the Female the Male.
A Decoﬁion of the frelh gathered Plant purges
a little, and works by Urine; it is cooling and
good for hot Conﬁitutions and Overfulnefs. The
dried Herb is ufed in Decoétions for Glil’ters.

FROG BIT.
MORSUS RANJE.

A Little Plant, not uncommon on Waters, with
round Leaves and fmall white FIOWers. It
has been by the common Writers called a“kind of
Water Lily; becau'fe its Leaves are round, and

13:

1 5‘6 772 Uﬂful Family Heréal.

it ﬂoats upon the Water, but it is as diftinét as
any Thing can be, when we regard the Flower.
Duckweed has round Leaves, and ﬂoats upon the
Water, and it might be called Water Lily
for that Reafon, if that were fuﬂicient. The
Leaves are of a roundilh Figure, and a dulky
dark green Colour : They are of the Breadth of
a Crown Piece, and they rife many together in
,Tufts, from the fame Part of the Stalk. This
Stalk runs along at a little Dil’tance under the Sur-
face of the Water, and from it dcfcend the Roots,
but they do not reach down into the Mud, but
play loofe like the Fibres of Duckweed in the
Water. The Flowers f’tand ﬁngly upon ﬂender
Foot Stalks; they are white, and compofed of
three Leaves a Piece, which give them a lingular
Appearance.

The frefh Leaves are ufed in outward Applica~
tions, and are very cooling.

FUMITORY.
. FUMARIA.

Pretty wild Plant, with bluilh divided Leaves,
and Spikes of little purple Flowers, common
in our Corn Fields in yum and yuly. It grows
ten Inches high. The Stalk is round, ﬁriated, of a
pale Green, thick enough, but not very ﬁrm or per—
fectly erect. The Leaves are large, but they are
divided into a vaﬁ Number of little Parts, which
are blunt and rounded at the Ends 3 their Colour
is a faint Green. The Flowers are fmall and
purple : They have a Heel behind, and a Num-
ber of them ﬁand together in a kind of Spike.
”T he Whole Plant has little Tai’te.
The Juice expreffed from this Plant, is excel—

lent againﬁ: the Scurvy. It opens Obﬁrué‘tions ﬁr“
- ‘ t e

.5133.

with ,,,,,

7733 Ufeful Family Heréal. I 57

the Vifera, and is good againi’c the Jaundice, and
all other Difeafesariﬁng from Obftruétions.

The FURZE BUSH.
GENISTA SPINOSA.

A Wild Bulb, upon our Heaths, and by Road
Sides, too common to need much Defcription.
The Stem is thick, tough, and of a whitifh Co-
lour, covered with Fragments of an irregular Kind.
The Branches are extremely numerous, and fpread
in fuch a manner, that when the Plant is left to
itfelf, it forms a Kind of globular or femi-glo-
bular Tuft upon the Ground. The Thorns are
very numerous and very fharp, they ftand as it
were one upon another. The Leaves are little, and
of a pale Green, and they fall off f0 quickly, that
for a great Part of the Year, we fee the Shrub
without any. The Flowers are yellow and beau—
tiful, and the Seeds are contained in Pods. The
Root fpreads a great Way, and is not eaﬁly got
up, when the Shrub has once thoroughly ﬁxed it-
felf. Every Piece of it left in, will fend up a
new Plant.

The Root and the Seeds are ufed, but neither
much. The Seeds dried and powdered are af’trin—
gent and aproper Ingredient in Eleétuaries, among
other Things of that Intention. The Bark of
the Roor is ufed freih taken up, and is to be given
in Infuﬁon: It works by Urine, and is good a-

ainﬂ' the Gravel; but we have f0 many better
l'hings of our own Growth for the fame Purpofe,
that it is fcarce worth while to meddle with it ; it
lofes it Virtues by drying. .

' The

_ 9“"

‘175 8 72m 1273/.er Family, Herb};
G. I

The GALANGAL PLANT.
GALAN GA.

A Wild Plant in the Bali, which grows by Wa-
ters, and has fome Refemblance of the Gene-
rality of our Water Plants in its Leaves, and
Manner of Growth. ‘ It is two Feet and a half
high, and has white Flowers. The Roots fpread
about the Surface, and are of an irregular Shape.
The Leaves are a Foot long, not half an Inch
broad, fharp at the Point, and at the Edges.
The Stalk is ﬁrm, thick, round, and of a purplifh
Green, the Flowers are fmall, and of a Snow
White; they conﬁi’t of a larger upper Lip, and a
ﬁnaller tender one, each divided into three Parts.
The Seed VefTels are oblong, and have each three
Diviﬁons, containing many Seeds. The Roots
have a very aerid Tafte, and are redifh: As we
have two Sorts of Galangal Roots at the Drug-
gifts, it might be expected there ihould be found
two Galangal Plants, but they are both the Roots
bf the fame.

The leffer Galangal is mof’t ufed: It is a
warm and ﬁne Stomachic, we put it in all bitter
Tinctures. Head—achs which arife from Diforde'rs
in the Stomach, are greatly relieved by this Root.
What is called Englz' J Galangal, is the Root of]
the Long Cyperus, defcribed already in its Place,

GARLIC.
ALLIUM.

A Plant kept in our Gardens for its ufes in Me-

' , ,dicine, and in the Kitchen. It' grows two
Feet and a half high. The Leaves are broad,
long,

i

The Ufa/kl Famb' Heréal. I 59
long, and of a ﬂrong‘Green. The Stalk is round,
fmooth, and ﬁrm, upright, and of a pale white-
ifh or bluifh Colour. The Flowers are white and
fmall, but they grow in a large Tuft at the Top
of the Stalk. The Root is white, or a little
redifh; it is compofed of a great Number of
Bulbs, or as we call them, Cloves, joined toge-
ther, and covered with a common Skin, and with
Fibres at the Bottom. The whole Plant has» an
extremely ﬁrong Smell, and an acrid and pungent
Taﬁe.

The Root is to be boiled in Water, and the
Decoétion made into Syrup with Honey; this is
excellent in Af’thmas, Hoarfenefs, and Coughs, and
in all Difﬁculties of Breathing.

GENTIAN.
GENTIANA.

A Robuft and handfome Plant, Native of Ger‘
many, and kept with us in Gardens. It grows
two Feet and a half high. The Leaves that rife
from the Root, are oblong, broad, of a yellowifh
green Colour, and pointed at the Ends. The
Stalk is thick, ﬁrm, upright, and brownifh or
yellOwifh. At every Joint there {’tand two Leaves
like the others, only ﬁnaller; and towards the
Tops at every Joint, alfo, there ﬁand a Number
of F lowers: Thefe are fmall, yellow, with a
great Lump in the Middle, which is the Rudi-
ment of the Seed Veﬂel, and a great uantity of
yellow Threads about it. The Root is large,
long, and often divided. It is of a brownifh Co-
lour on the Outﬁde, and yellow within, and is of

a very bitter Tai’te.
The Root is ufed -, our Druggifls keep it dry :
It is the great Bitter and Stomachic of the mo;
dern

2

 

'1 60 7.22 U/éfz‘zl Fag-215: Herédl.

dern Praétice. Garlian Root, and the Peel of
Seville Oranges, make the common bitter Tinc-
tures and Infuﬁons 2 Beﬁde ﬁrengthening the Sto~
mach, and creating an Appetite, thefe open Ob—
i’ttuetions, and are good in molt chronic Di—
forders. The Powder of Gentian will cure
Agues.

GERMANDEm
CHAMZEDRYS.

A Little Plant, Native of many Parts of Ezra

rope, but with us kept in Gardens. It grows
a Foot Or more in Height, but rarely ﬂands quite
Upright. The Stalks are fquare, green, and a
little hairy. The Leaves ﬂand two at each Joint.
They are oblong, deeply indented at the Edges,
of a ﬁrm SubflanCe, green on the upper Side, but
hairy underneath. The Flowers are fmall and
purple, like the FlOWCrs of the little Dead Nettle.
They ﬁand in Cluf’ters about the upper Joints of
the Stalks, and appear in j‘uly. ,

Germander is an Herb celebrated for many"
Virtues. ’Tis {aid to be excellent againft the.
Gout andRheumatilht: However that be, it pro-
motes Urine and the Menfes, and is good in all
Obﬁrué‘tions of the \"i1cer;1. The Juice is the’
belt Way of giving it, but the Infulion is more
frequent.

VVATER GERMANDER.
S C O R D I U M.
Little mean looking Plant, wild in fome Parts

of Englmzd, but kept in Gardens alfo for its
Virtues. The Stalks are fqtiare, hairy, of a duf—

ky Green, and f0 weak, that they feldom l’tand

much up. They are eight or ten Inches long.
The

758 Uﬂfulﬁgdmié’ Herﬁal. .161"

The Leaves are Ihort, broad, and indented about
the Edges, but not Iharply or deep as thofe m?
the other Germander: They are of a fort of V ,7 2:3:-
ly foft Appearance and Touch, and of a dung-
deep green Colour. The Flowers are very {mail
and red, and they ﬁand at the upper Joints of
the Stalks, in little Parcels together. The whole
Plant has a ﬂrong and difagreeable Graciela-

The whole Plant is to be ufed ilef’é: or dried.
It has been celebrated greatly as a Sudorific, and
for it Virtues againf’t peﬁilential Fe‘vers, but it is
now little ufed. "*

G i N G E R.
Z I N Z I B E R.
AN Eaﬂ—India Plant, found alfo in other places

and very ﬁngular in its Manner of Growth.
It produces two Kinds of Stalks, the one bearing
the Leaves, and the other only the Flowers. The
ﬁrft grow two or three Feet high, and are them:
felves compofed in a lVIanner of the lower Parts of
Leaves; f0 that they feem to be only Bundles of
Leaves rolled together at theBottOm. Thefe are
long, narrow, and in fome Degree refemble the
Leaves of our common Flags. The other Stalks
are tender, foft, and about a Foot high :’ They,
have no Leaves on them, but only a Kind of
Films, and at the Tops they produce the Flowers,
in .1 Spike; thefe are fmall, in Shape like
thole of our Orchis, and of a mixed Colour,
Purple, White, and Yellow. The Root fpreads
irregularly under the Surface.

The Root is the only Part ufed: WC have it
dry at the Grocers; but the heft Way of taking
it, is as it comes over preferved from the Eaﬂ-
Indies. It is a warm and ﬁne Stomachic, and
Difpeller of Wind. It afﬁl’cs Digei’cion, and pre— -

M vent ,
s

3.1... {has . .

162 «7732 Uﬂful Family Herﬁal.‘

vents or enres Cholics. It is alfo an excellent
Addition to the rough Purges, to prevent their
griping in the Operation.

GLADWYN.
XYRIS SIVE SPATULA FGZTIDA.

AWild Plant of the Iris Kind, of no great
Beauty, but not without its Virtues. The
Root creeps about the Surface, like that of the
common Flower de Luce. The Leaves are 3.
Foot long, narrow, and {harp—pointed, and of a
ﬁrong and very peculiar Smell. The Stalks are
round, ﬁrm, upright, and of a bluilh Green.
The Flowers are like thofe of the common Flower
de Luce, but fmaller, and of a very dull Colour.
There is a little Purple in the upper Part of the
Flower, and there are fome Veins and Streaks in
the lower; but the rel‘t is of a dull dead Hue;
between grey and brown, and they have a faint
and bad Smell.

The Juice of the Root promotes Urine, and
the Menfes. The dried Root in Powder, 0r Infu-
ﬁon is good againﬁ: all hyfteric Dilbrders, F aint~
ings and Pains. Outwardly, the frefh Root is
laid to be an excellent Remedy for fcrophulous
Swellings; but this we mul’t take upon Truﬂ.

GLASSWORT.
K A L I.

ACommon wild Plant, on the Sea Coafts of
many Parts of Europe, but not a Native of .
our Country. It is called Cochleated Kali, from
the Form of its Seed VelTels, which are twif’ted in
the Manner of a Snail’s Shell. It grows to :1
Foot and a half in Height. The Stalk is round,

thick, ﬂefhy, and brittle. The Leaves are few,
~ , and

‘ .

We U/éful Family Heréal. ‘ I63.
and they ﬂand irregularly -, they are oblong, and
blunted at the Ends, and of a bluifh green Co-
lour. The Flowers are ﬁnall, inconﬁderable, and
yellow. ' ‘-

The Juice of the frefh Plant, is faid to be an
excellent Diuretic; but we have no Opportunities
of knowing its Virtues here. Some fay the Seed
VelTels have the fame Virtue, and give them in
Infuﬁon, but we have better Remedies of the
fame Kind of our own Growth. The whole
Plant is burnt for its ﬁxed Salt, which is ufed in
making Glafs.

GOATs BEARD.
TRAGOPOGON.

ACommon wild Plant, diﬁinguilhed in our
Meadows, by its narrow and fre'lli green
Leaves, and the long Leaves of the Cup, abOut,
its yellow Flowers. It grows a Foot and a half
in Height. The Leaves are very narrow; they
are broadeft at the Bafe, and ﬁnaller all the Way
to the Point. The Stalk is round, thick, ﬁrm,
very upright, and towards the Top, divided into’
two or three Branches. The Flowers ﬁand at the
Extremities of the Stalks ; they are of a beautiful
pale Yellow, very large, and furrounded by a
Cup, compofed of long, and narrow green
Leaves, which, for the greateit Part of the Day,
are clol'ed over it, f0 that it feems only in Bud.
The Seeds are winged with a ﬁne white Down, in
the Manner of thole of Dandelion, and when ripe,
they Rand upon the Tops of the Branches, in a
round Head, in the fame Manner. The Root is
long, and white; And the whole Plant is full of
a milky Juice, which, after it has been a little
time expofed to the Air, becomes yellow and

thick like Cream: ‘
M 2 The

 

1 1 ' .

.164. ﬁe U/éful Famz'Zy Herﬁal.
ii The Root is ufed. It is {o pleafant in 'T‘aﬁe,

that it may be eaten in the Manner of Carrots,
and other Roots at Table, but it exceeds them all
in its Q1alities.lt is an excellent Rel’torative,
and will do great Service to People after long Ill-
neﬁ'es: T he Dbeft Way of giving it for thisD Pur-
pofe, is to boil it ﬁrl‘c 1n W ater, and then cutting
it to Pieces, boil it again in Milk, which is to be
rende1cd palatable in the ufual Way , it becomes
\ thus, a molt excellent 11\Jedicine, in the form of
Food.

GQATs RUE.
G'ZELEGA.

Tall Plant, Native of Italy, but kept with us
in Gardens. It grows a'Yard high. The
Stalks are round, ﬁriated, hollow, not very ﬁrm
or ﬁrong, and of a pale green Colour: They are
very much branched, and not altogether upright.
The Leav es are. long and large, each is compofed
oi ieveral Fairs orb 1111aller Leaves, with an odd
one at. the End of the Rib, thefe are oblong,
nanow, and or a yellowiih green Colour, thin,
and net at all indented at the Edges. The F low—
ers are fmall, and of a bluilh and whitilh Colour;
they {land a great many upon the fame Pedicle,
in a drooping Pol’ture.
The whole Plant is uftd. It is to be gathered
when juf’t come to Flowe1, and chied, and after-
wards given in Infulion: This gently promotes

Sweat, Dand 13 good 111 F LVCIS f0 much is true of

the Virtues of this Plant, but much more has
been laid of it

GOLDEN

”7T“:

Y‘ZeQUﬂifuI FamzZy Her-~54], ‘ 165‘

GOLDEN ROD.
VIRGA AUREA.

A Very pretty Wild Plant, with Tufts of yellow
Flowers, frequent on Our Heaths in Au-
tumn. It is two Feet high. The Stalk is ﬁrm,
ereét, round, and hairy. The Leaves are
long, broadeft in the Middle, indented at the
Edges, rough on the Surface, hairy, and of a
ﬁrong green Colour. The Flowers are ﬁnal],
and of a bright Yellow, but they grow together
in a fort of thick and lhort Spikes, fo that they
are very confpicuous. The Root is long, brown,
and of an auf’tere Taﬁe, as is alfo the whole
Plant. _
The Root taken up in Spring and dried, is an
excellent Medicine given in Powder for Purgings,
and for Over-ﬂowing of the Menfes, bloody Stools,
or any other Hemorrhage whati‘oever. The whole
Plant has been at all Times famous, as a vulne-
rary or wound Herb, given in Decoétions.

GOLD or PLEASURE.
MYAGRUM.

AVery pretty Plant common in many Parts of
England, and known at Sight by the vait
Quantity of Seed Velifels. It is two Feet high:
The Stalk is round, thick, firm, upright, and
toward the Top has a great many Branches, all
ﬂanding upright. The Leaves Ptand irregularly,
and are not numerous, they are long, not very
broad, and of a pale Green -, they are indented a~
bout the Edges, and furrouz‘zd the Stalk at the
Bafe, the Flowers are little and white, the Seed
,M . 3 ' Veﬁels

\

I 66 ﬂeU/éfulFamily Herﬁal._.

Veﬁ'els are fhort and roundifh, and they {land in
vait Quantities, forming a kind of Spikes all the
Way up the Tops of the Branches, with a few
Flowers at the Summit.

\ The frel‘n Tops of the Plant are to be ufed
before it is run to Seed. An Infulion of them
{weetened withHoney, is excellent for fore Throats,
and Ulcerations of the Mouth. The Seeds yield
a great Qiantity of Oil on preﬁing, and they are
{0 plentiful, that it might feem worth while to
cultivate the Plant for them, the Oil is pleafant
and well tafted, ‘

The GOURD.
CUCURBITA.

ALar—ge Plant of the Melon or Cucumber kind

kept in Gardens. The Stalks are ten or-
twelve Feet long, thick, angular, rough, and hairy,
but unable to fupport themfelves upright: They
trail upon the Ground, or climb Upon other-
Things. The Leaves are very large and broad,
indented deeply, rough, and of a blackifh Green.
The Flowers are large, and Bell—fafhioned, white
and downy on the Inﬁde, and not altogether
fmooth on the outer Surface,

The Fruit is large, and has a hard ﬁrm Shell on
the Outﬁde, and is ﬁefhy and juicy within, with
Seeds in the Manner of the Melons -, thefe are ﬂat,
of an oblong Shape, and hard.

T hefe Seeds are the only Part ufed: They are
cooling and diuretic. They have this Virtue in
much the fame Degree with Cucumber and Melon
Seeds, and are given with them in Emulﬁons.

' The

7771: Uﬂful Famiéz Heréal. I 67

The BITTER GOURD, called BIT.
TER APPLE.

COLOCYNTH'IS.

A Native of the Eaft, and of fome other warm
Countries, kept 1n our curious Gardens, and
affording the famous Drug called Coloquintide. It
is a {mall Plant of the Gourd kind. The Stalks
are thick, angular, hairy, and of a pale Green.
They cannot fupport themfelves, but havea
Number of Tendrils growing from them, by
which they lay hold of every 'lhing they come
near. The Leaves are large, broad, and very
deeply divided at the Edges. The Flowers are of
a pale Yellow, large, and not unlike the Flowers
of Melons. The Fruit is a round Gourd of the
Bignefs of the largeﬁ Orange. The Bark IS hard,
and the inner Part fpung y, DWitll Seeds among it:
Thefe are ﬂat, hard, and of an oval Figure.
The Fruit is the Part ufed, they take off the
outer Shell, and fend the dried Pulp With the Seeds
among it: but thefe are to be feparated afterwards,
and the Pulp ufed alone. It 15 a very Violent
Purge, but it may be given with proper Caution,
and? 1t is excellent againf’c the Rheumatifm, and
violent habitual Head— achs. Thefe rough Purges
will reach the Caufe of Diforders, thato the com-
mon gentle ones would not touch; and the prefent
Praétioce denies the Ufe of many of the belt Me~

dicines we know.

GOUT WORT.
PADAGRARA HERBA GERRARDI,

Common wild Plant over-running our Gardens,
and when once it has taken Root, very dif—
ﬁcult to be got out again , it grows two Feet high.
DM 4. T Che

 

”I68 Tbe’U/éﬁz/“anibr Heréal.
The Leaves which rife from the Roots are large,
and they are compoled each of feveral fmaller, feet
on a divided Rib, in the Manner of thofe of An-
gelica, of which they have fome Refemblance.
They are of a pale green Colour, and are oblong
and indented at the Edges. The Stalks are round,
upright, and a little branched, they are ﬂender,
ﬁriated, and green; the Leaves on thefe are fmal~
ler, and conﬁl’t of fewer Parts than thofe that rife
from the Root. The Flowers are little and white,
and they ﬁand in fmall round Cluﬁers; each is
fucceeded by two flat Seeds. The Root creeps.
The Root and frelh Buds of the Leaves are
both ufed, but only externally; they are excellent
in F omentations, and Pultices for Pains; and the
Plant has Obtained its Name from their ﬁngular
Efﬁcacy againfl the Pain of the Gout; but it is
not advifable to do any Thing in that Diforder;
the warm Applications 'of' this kind, are of all
others the leaft dangerous. I have known a(luan~
tity of the Roots and Leaves boiled {oft together,
and applied to the Hip in the Sciatica, keeping a
frelh (Quantity hot to renew the other, as it grew
'cold, and I have feen great good Effect from it.
Its Ufe fhould not be cenﬁned to this Pain alone,
It will fucceed in others.

GROMVEL.
LITHOSPERMON.

AVVild Plant of no great Beauty, but diftinguifh—
ed by its Seeds, which are hard, glolTy, and
refemble lb many Pearls, as they itand in the open
Huik. The Plant grows a Yard high. The
Stalk is round, thick, ﬁrm, very upright, and
branched. The Leaves are oblong, not very
broad, rough and hairy, ofa deep blackiih green
' Colour,

7738 Uﬁful FangytHeMal. I69
{:olour, and placed irregularly ; the Flowers are
iinall and white: When they are fallen off, the
Cups remain, and contain thefe fhining, and as
it were ﬂony Seeds. The Plant is frequent about
Hedges. .

The Seeds are the only Part ufed; they work
powerfully by Urine, and are of great Service in
the Gravel and all other Obftruétions, they are
bef’c given in Powder, with a great deal of Barley
Water at the fame Time.

GROUND—PINE.
CHAMZEPITYS.

Very ﬁngular little wild Plant, of a moffy Ap-
earance, and refinous Smell: It grows four
Inches high, the Stalks are hairy, and feldom
ﬁand upright, the Leaves are very clofe fet,
and the young Shoots which grow from their
Bofoms perfectly obfcure the Stalk; it feems a
thick round Tuft. Thefe Leaves are fhort, nar—
row, and divided into three Parts at their Ends,
and they ﬁand two at every Joint of the Stalk,
they are rough and hairy like\ the Stalk. The
Flowers are little and yellow, and they {land at
the Joints.

The whole Plant is ufed, and it has great Vir—
tue -, it is to be ufed dry in Powder or Infuﬁon.
It works ﬁrongly by Urine, and promotes the
Menfes. It opens alfo all Obf’truftions of the
Liver and Spleen, and is good in Jaundice, the
Rheumatiﬁn, and moﬁ; of the chronic Diforders.

GROUNDSEL

‘1 70' The U/éful FamiZy"Her5él;

GROUNDSEL.‘
ERIGERON SIVE SENECIO.

A Common Weed in our Gardens, and upon
Walls, with little yellow Flowers, and downy
Seeds 3 it grows eight Inches high -, the Stalk is
round, ﬂefhy, tolerably upright, and green or
purplilh; the Leaves are oblong, broad, blunt,
and divided at the Edges. The Flowers are
fmall and yellow, they grow in 3. Sort of long
' Cups, at the Tops of the Stalks and Branches.
The Juice of this Herb is a gentle and very
good Emetic. It caufes vomiting without any
great Irritation or Pain; and it is alfo good for
cutaneous F oulneﬂ‘es applied outwardly.

The GUAIACUM TREE.
GUAIACUM.

Great Tree, Native of the Mil-Indies, and to
'be feen in fome of our curious Gardens.
The Fruit is very large, and the Branches are
numerous; the Leaves are ﬁnall, each is compofed
of two or three Pair of fmaller ones, with no odd
Leaf at the End of the Rib. Thefe are lhort,
broad, roundifh, and of a dufky green Colour.
The Flowers are ﬁnal] and yellow, but they grow
in large Clufters together, {0 that the Tree when

in Bloom, makes a very pretty Appearance.
The Bark and Wood are the only Parts of the -
Tree ufcd, they are given in Decoction, to pro- ‘
mote Sweat, and fo cleanfe the Blood; they are
excellent againi‘t the Rheumatifm, Scurvy, and all
.other Diforders, which arife from what is com-
monly called Foulnefs of the Blood, but they
muit

YZe Uﬂful Fami_ly 'H’eréal. I 7 I
mull be taken for a conﬁderabie .Time -, for
thefe Effects cannot be produced at once.

What is called Gum Guaiacum, is the Refm
poured from this Tree; it is very acrid and pun-
gent, and in the Rheumatifm, and many other
Cafes is to be preferred to the Wood itfelf.

 

H9

HARES EARS.
BUPLEURON LATIFOLIUM.

ACommon wild Plant in fome Parts of Europe,
but kept here in Gardens.‘ It is two Feet
or more in Height. The Leaves are long and
broad, of a {til-F Subﬁance, and fomewhat
hollowed, which gives them the Appearance
of a long and hollow Ear, from whence they are
named; they are of a whitifh green Colour, and
the Ribs upon them are high. There is 3. Sort
with narrow Leaves, but the broad leaved kind is
to be ufed in Medicine. The Stalks are round,
upright, ﬁriated, and toward the Top branched.
The Flowers are little and yellow, and they ﬁand
at the Tops of the Branches in fmall Umbels. The
Root is long and thick, and has many Fibres.
The young Shoots of the Leaves which grow
from the Root, are ei‘teemed exceedingly in places’
where they are native, for the Cure of freih
Wounds. They cut two or three of thefe of?
clofe to the Ground, and without bruiﬁng them,
ﬁrft doling the Lips of the Wound, they lay
them on one over the other, making a kind of
' Com-

71 7 2 T56 U/éﬂzl Family. Herb].
'Comprefs: They then bind them on with Linen
Rags, and never take of? the Dreﬂing for three
Days, at the End of which Time in moi’t Cafes
they only ﬁnd a Scar : The Cure being perfeéted.
This is the Subf’tance of a pompous Account fent
lately to a'Perfon of Dif’tinétion with fome Leaves
of the Herb. There is no doubt of the Truth,
and the Surgeons will very well underﬂand the Na—
ture of the Cure; the Difcovery however is not
new, for the Herb has always been reckoned a-
mong the vulnerary Plants -, and fome have pre-
tended that it will ﬁngly cure the Kings Evil,
but that is not to be expected ; at the fame Time
it may be proper to obferve that we do not want
Plants for the fame Ufe in England ; we have the
Tmfcm which is to be applied in the fame Manner,
and has the fame Eifeét -, Clowns All«heal, and
many othery named in their Places.

HARES FOOT.
LAGOPUS.

A Common little Plant, ﬁngular in the T uft,
_ which contains its Seeds, and whence it has
Its Name, but not f0 much regarded as it ought
to be for its Virtues. The Stalks are numerous,
round, ﬂender, and fpread upon the Ground, each
is divided into a Number of lellei‘ Branches. The
Leaves are ﬁnall, oblong, narrow, of a cpale
green Colour, and hairy, and they itand three
together in the Manner of the Trefoils. The
Flowers are ﬁnall and of a faint Red, they f’tand fe—
veral together in a {hort Spike, and the Cups
which receive them at the Bafe are downy, this
gives the lingular Alpeét of Hairinefs to thele
Heads, and their Sol‘tnefs to the Touch. ,

The

77w U fefu‘l Fangy Heréal. 1-73

The whole Plant is to be ufed dried. It is an

excellent Agringent. It ﬂops the Overﬂowings of

the Menfes, and the Whites, and is good againi’c

Bloody Fluxes and Purgings of all kinds. The

belt Way of taking it is in a l’trong Decoétion,
which mul’t be continued fome Time.

HARTs TONGUE.
PHYLLITIS. LINGUA CERVINA.

Wild Plant of the Fern Kind, that is con-
ﬁlting only of Leaves without a Stalk, the
Flowers and Seeds being borne on the Backs of
them. But it has no Refemblance to the ordi-
nary Ferns in its Afpeét. Each Leaf of Harts
Tongue is a feparate Plant, but there rife many
from the fame Root. The Foot-Stalk is ﬁve Inches
long, the Leaf an Inch and a quarter broad,
largeft at the Bottom, and fmaller to the Top,
ufually ﬁmple, but 'fometimes divided into two
or more Parts at the End. It is of a beautiful
Green at the upper Side, fomewhat paler under-
‘ neath, and the F cot-Stalk runs all along its Mid—r
dle in Form of a very large Rib. The Seed Vell-
fels are difpofed in long brown Streaks on each
Side of this Rib, on the under Part of the Leaf,
and they are more confpicuous than in molt of
the Fern kind. The Plant grows in old Wells,
and in dark Ditches, and is green all the Year.

It is not much ufed, but deltrves to be more
known. It is an excellent Aﬁringent, the Juice
of the Plant, taken in fmall (luantities, and for a
Continuance of Time, opens Obﬁruétions of the
Liver and Spleen, and will cure many of the molt
obftinate chronic Diﬁempers. ‘

Han T5

. 1 74. {Tue ‘Uﬂfu/ Famib Heréal.

HARTWORL
SESELI.

ATall, robuPt, and handfome Plant, Native of the
ﬂips, but kept in our Gardens. It grows
ﬁve or ﬁx Feet in Height: The Stalk is round,
'thick, ﬁriated, and hollow, very ﬁrm and up-
right, and but little branched. The Leaves are
very large, and they are divided into a great
Number of Parts, by ﬁves and by threes, they are
of a yellowiih Green. The Flowers are {mall and
white, but they {’tand in great Tufts or Umbels
at the T0ps of the Stalks, the Seeds follow, two
after each Flower, and they are oblong, broad,
and edged with a leafy Border, they are of a
dark Colour, a ﬁrong Smell, and acrid Taﬁe.
The Seeds are the only Part ufed, they pro-
mote the Menfes, and the neceﬂ‘ary Difcharges
after Delivery; and are an excellent warm and
cordial Medicine, they work alfo gently by Urine,
and cure cholicky Pains, they are to be given in
Powder or Infuﬁon.

HAWTHORN
SPINA ALBA.

A Shrub too common in our Hedges to need

much Defcription. The Trunk is irregular,
and feldom ﬁrait, the Branches are I’trong, tough,
and thorny, and the Leaves of a gloﬂy Green and
beautifully divided. The Flowers are white and
beautiful, the Fruit is fmall.

The Flowers and the dried Fruit are ufed in Me-
dicine 5 they have the fame Virtue, they work by
Urine, and are good in the Gravel, and all Com—
plaints of that kind : But there are fo many better

Things

i The U/éful Farm/j: Heréal. _I 75.

Things for the fame PurpOfe at Hand, that theﬁ:
are not much regarded. '

HEDGEIMUSTARE
ERYSIMUM.

AVery common wild Plant, and of no great

Beauty; it is frequent about old Walls, and
in Farm Yards, and is dif’tinguifhed by its long
Spikes of Pods, which are lodged clofe upon the
Stalk. It grows two Feet in Height, the Stalk
is round, ﬁrm, upright, but not always quite
ﬁrait, and a little branched. The Leaves are of
a pale green Colour, hairy, oblong, and deeply
indented at the Edges. The Flowers are fmall
and yellow, and they commonly {land at the Tops
of long Spikes of Pods, which have been Flowers
before them.

The whole Plant is ufed, an Infuﬁon of it frelh
is the belt Way of taking it. This diﬂ'olves tough
Phlegm, and is excellent in Aﬁhmas, Hoarfe-
neﬂ'es, and other Complaints of the Breal’t. This
ﬁmple Infuﬁon, made into a Syrup with Honey,
alfo anfwers the fame Purpofe, and keeps all the
Year.

HEMLOCK.
CICUTA.

ALarge, tall, and handfome umbelliferous Plant,»
frequent in our Hedges. It grows to ﬁx
Feet in Height, the Stalk is round, ﬁrm, hollow,
and upright; it is of a dark Green, and often

ﬁained with purple and yellow. The Leaves are '
very large, and divided into very ﬁne and nume-
rous Partitions. .The Flowers are fmall and white,
and {land in large Cluflers on the Tops of the
Stalks. The Seeds are roundifh. The whole
2 Plant

1176 I ‘YZe.Uﬂfz//'Fami_ly Herédl.

Plant has a ﬁrong difagreeable Smell, and has
been called poifonous.

The Roots are excellent in Pultices-for hard
Swellings.

HEMP.
CANNABIS.

HEmp is a tall Plant, of a coarfe Afpeét, cultia

vated in Fields for its Stalk. It grows ﬁve
Feet high, and is a robuf’t Plant; the Stalk is
thick and rigid; the Leaves are numerous, they
are large and each compofed of fix or feven ﬁnal-
ler, there are difpofed in the Manner of Fingers,
and are ofa deep green Colour, rough, narrow,
and ferrated at the Edges. The F lowers in Hemp
grow in fome Plants, and the Seeds on others.
The Flowers are inconﬁderable, and whitifh, the.
Seeds are large, roundilh, grey, and have awhite
Pulp within. The Root is ﬁbrous. The Seeds are
ufed in Medicine, an Emulﬁon made of them
cures the Jaundice.

HEMP AGRIMQNY.
EUPATORIUM CANNABINUM.

Tall Plant growing by Waters, with Tufts of
red Flowers and Leaves, divided in the
Manner ofthoie of Hemp. It grows ﬁve Feet
high, the Stalk is round, thick, redilh, and very
upright. The Leaves are large, of a pale Green,
and lingered ; they Hand, two at each Joint, the _
Flowers grow in Bunches as big as a Man’s Fiﬁ,
on the Tops of the Branches, and are of a bright
Red. . «
The Root frei’h gathered and boiled in Ale is.-.
ufed in fome Places as a Purge, it operates ﬁrong-

1y,

7h U/éfﬂl Féiﬂiﬁi Héréizl; I 77
137, but without any ill Effeét, and Dropﬁes are

faid to have been cured by it ﬁngly.

. BLACK. HENBANE.‘
HYOSCYAMU S NIGER.-
A Common wild Plant, of a difmal Afpeft and
difagreeable Smell. The F arm Yards and
Ditch Banks in that Places are full of if. It
grows two Feet high. The Stalk is thick, round,
hairy, and clammy to‘ the, Touch; but not very
upright, The Leaves are large, long, and broad,
deeply ferratfed at the Edges of a bluifh green Co-
lour, hairy and clammy to the Touch, and leave-
ing a difagreeable Smell upon the Hands. The
F lowersvare large and [tend in Rows on the Tops
of the Branches, which often bend down, they
are of a ‘ ﬁrange yellowilh brown Colour, with
purple Veins. The Seeds are numerous and
brown. _ s
The Seeds are ufed; the reﬂ: of the‘Plant is

elteemed poifonous. They are given in fmall
Dofes againlt the Bloody Flux, and it is {aid with
great Succefs; I have not known it tried. ‘

WHITE HENBANE.
HYOSCIAMUS ALBUS.

Native of Italy and Germany, kept in our Gar~
dens. It is a Foot high, and has fomething

of the Afpeét of the black Henbane, but not f0
difmal. The Stalk is round, thick, and of a
pale Green; the Leaves are large, broad, but
fhort, and a little indented at the Edges, they are
of a yellowilh Green, and fomewhat hairy, the
Flowers are fmall and yellow, and the Seeds {are

whitifh. ,
, N , The

‘ i 7 8 ﬁe Uﬁfuf FaMdy Heréal

The seeds of this kind are preferred to thofe of
the other, as lefs ﬁrdng in their Iiﬁ‘efts, but if any
Harm would happen from the internal? Ufe of the
others, we ihould have known it, for they are ge~
nerally fold for them.

Goon KING HENRY.
:_ .BONUS HENRICUS.

Common Wild Plant, called alfo by fome E72»

» gli a Mercury by way of Dii’finétion from the
other, _which is called Franc/o Mercury, and has
been defcribed already. This grows a Foot high,
the Stalk is round and thick, but rarely ﬁands
quite upright; it is greenifh and' purpliih, and is
covered with a kind of grey Powder unftuous to
the Touch. The Leaves are large, broad, and
of the Shape of an Arrow-head, they Rand on
long Stalks, and are of a pale Green above, and
greyiih underneath, being there covered with this
g'rey'Powder. ‘ The Flo'wers are inconliderable,
they are of agreenilh Yellow, and they Rand in
long Spikes at the Tops of the Branches, the
Plant is common in Farm Yards.

The young Shoots are eaten as Spinage, the
Juice of the Whole Plant works gently, and well?
by Urine; and the dried Herb is ufed in Decoc-
tionsefor Gliltcrs. .

The .HEki‘MODAC’I‘YL PLANT.
'HERMQDACTYLUS.

Beautiful Plant having more the Afpeét of a
3 Garden Flower, but it is common wild in the

The Root is rountlifh but Hatred, and in—
, dented at Bottom, and ﬁnaller at Top. The

Leaves are large and broad, they are {harp at‘

the Point, and of a deep green Colour. T he
Flowers

775k: Uﬂﬁd Féi‘iéiﬁi H‘eréal. 179
F lowters are large and; of a whitilh Colour veined
and {triped with Purple ; this is the heft Account
we have received. of the Plant, but Part of it
Comes with lefs Authority than one would wilh to
Things of this kind, The Root is dried and fent
to us, _ ‘
It is a gentle Purgative, but it is Iefs ufed
at this Time than many others. It has been
in more Repute perhaps with Reafon.

HOLLOAK. .
MALVA ARBOREA.

A Common Garden Flower. It grows eight

Feet high, the Stalk is round, ﬁrm, hairy,
and upright. The Leaves are large and round~
ifh, of a deep Green, hairy and cut in at the
Edges; the Flowers are very large, red, white,
or purple, and Panel in a kind of long Spike. The
Root is white, long, and thick, and is of a ﬂimy
Nature, and not difagreeable Taite.

This is the Part ufed, a Decoétion of it ope.
rates by Urine, and is good in the Gravel ; it has
the fame Virtue with this Mallow and Marihmal-
low, but in a middle Degree between them more
than the Mallow, and not f0, much as th‘e other,
nor is it fo pleafant.

HONEWORT.
SELINUM. SII FOLIIS.

Common Plant in Corn Fields, and dry Places,
with extremely beautiful Leaves from the-
Root, and little Umbels of white Flowers. It
has its Eizgli/b Name from its Virtues. Painful
Swellings, are in fome Parts of the Kingdom cal-
led Hones, and the Herb from its ﬁngular Eﬁeft
N 2 in

k v * .rg w

WW “‘ " -\

'1 80 ﬁe [Veful Family Iferéal.
in curing them, has received the Name of Hone:-
'mm,ma$}bmfkm. :
The 'Root is long and white, thefe rife from it
early in the Spring, half a dozen or more Leaves
.which lie fpread upon the Ground, in an elegant
Manner, and are all that is generally obferved of
the Plant._ ' The Stalks do not rife till the End
pf‘Stimrner, and thefe Leaves decay by that time,
1b that they are;th known to belong to it; .Thele
Leaves are eight Inches long, and an Inch and a
half in Breadth; ‘hey are compofed each of a
double Row of fmaller Leaves, 'fet on a common
Rib, with ,an odd Leaf at the End; thefe are
oblong, tolerably'broad, and indented in a beau—
tiful Manner. They are of a freﬂ1 green Colour,
they are the Part of the Plant moﬁ léen, and the
Part to be ufed, and they are not eaﬁly confound—
ed with thofe of any other Plant, for there is
jcarce any that has what are nearly f0 handfome.
The Stalk is two Feet high, round, hollow, up
right, but net very ﬁrm and branched toward
the Top. The Leaves on it are fornewhat like
thofe from the Root, but they have not the Sin—
gularity of thofe beautiful and numerous {mall
ones; the Flowers are little. and white, and the
Seeds are fmall, ﬂattifh, l‘triated, and two of them
follow every Flower. '
The Leaves are to be ufed, they are to be frelh
gathered and beat in a marble Mortar into a kind
of Paﬁe. They are to be laid on a Swelling that is
red, painful, and threatens to have badConfequen—
ces, and they difperfe it. The Application mui’t
be frequently renewed, and there are thofe who
_l_'peak of its curingthe Evil.

'
\

HONEY

7% [Maﬁa] Fang/y? Hem]: 1,31;

~I‘IoNEXﬁ-SnchE,~ ‘
‘ _ 'PERICLY‘MENUM. . V,
A Beautiful wild Shrub. The Trunk is feldon‘tf

~more than an Inch thick; the Branches are
very long and (lender, of a redilh Colour, brittle,
and all of the fame Bignefs. The Leaves fraud
in Pairs, they are broad, ‘ﬂiort, blunt, of a dark
dead green Colour. The Flowers grow in little
C luf’ters, they are long, ﬂender, tubular, and very
fragrant, the Berries are red. . ,,
The frelh Leaves of Honey—Sue‘kle given in‘De-
eoélion, are good againft Obﬂruélions of the Live-”it“
and Spleen, they work by Urine, and they are
alfo a good Gargle for a fore Throat. '

HONEYWORT.
CERINTHE.‘

Juicy Plant frequent wild in many Parts of.

Europe, but with us kept in Gardens. It has
its Name from the. fweet Taﬁe of the Flowers.
Almolt all Flowers have a Drop of Honey Juice)
in their Bottom: This is indeed the real Sub-.
ﬁance of Honey, for the Bees. only pick it out:
and get it together: The hollow Flowers in ge-
neral have-more of it, or it is little .preferved in
them than others, but {carce any in {0: great a
Degree as this Plant named from it. It is two
Feet high, when kept erect, but if left to itfelf,
it is very apt to lean upon the Ground. The Stalk
is round, thick, juicy, and tender; the Leaves
are large, oblong, broad, they furround and in—
clofe the Stalk at their Bafe; they are of a bluilh‘
green Colour, {ported or clouded irregularly With
white, and they are full of 21 Sort. Of Prickles.
The Flowers grow at the Tops of'the Stalks,
v . N 3 feveral

182. ‘13:. We}: :Famﬂy Heréal.
feveral together among the Clul’ters of Leaves;
they are hollow, oblong, and very wide, open at
the _Mouth,.. their Colour is yellow, variegated
with purple in. the Middle, and they have a very
pretty Appearance.

The freih gathered T0ps of the Plant, are to
he ufed; an Infuﬁon of them is cooling, and
works by Urine. It is good againit fcorbutic
Complaints, and in the Jaundice.

The Hop PLANT.
LUPULUS

. Climbin Plant, withver lon Stalks, com«»
8 Y g

mon in our Hedges, and cultivated alfo in
many Places. The Stalks are roundilh, rough to
the Touch, and of a purplifh Colour often, {ome-
times onlyGreen. The Leaves are‘very large, of
a roundifh Figure, deeply indented, of a dark green
Colour, and very rough alfo to the Touch. . The
Fruit is fuﬂiciently known.

A Decoétion of frelh gathered Hops is good a-
gainﬂ' the Jaundice; and the Powder of Hops
_, dried in an Oven, has been often known to cure
Agnes, but upon this there is no abﬁﬂute Depen-
deuce.

»WHITE HOREHOUND.
MARRUBIUM ALBUM.

. White hoary Plant, with little Flowers in
Tufts round the Stalks, frequent in dry Places
in many Parts of the Kingdom. It grows ﬁxteen
Inches high. The Stalks are fquare, and very
robul’c, hairy, pale coloured, and upright. The
Leaves [land two at each Joint, they are Ihort and
broad, blunt at the Ends, and widely indented
at the Edges, of a rough Surface, and white Co-
’ 101;:

V?“

E i
a.

The Uﬁfu‘lﬁﬁuhztyﬂéréai; .18 3
low. The Flames! are white and the Points of
their Cups are prickly. \

The beﬁ Part of the Plant, for medicinal Ufe,
is the Taps of the‘youug Shoots, a Deeoétion of
thefe made very Itrong, and boiled into a thin
Syrup with Honey, is excellent againl’t Coughs,
Hoarfenellés of long ﬁanding, and all Diforders
of the Lungs. The fame Decoétion if taken in
large Dofes, and for a Continuance, promotes the
Menfes, and‘opens all Obﬁrué‘tions.

BLACK HoREHOUND.
BALLOTE.

ACommon wild Plant, of a difagreea‘ble Smell,
‘thence alfo called by fome ﬁinking Hore—
hound. The Stalks are fquare, the Leaves grow
two at every Joint, and are broad, ihort, and of
a blackilh green Colour, but in Shape notu‘nlike
thofe of the white kind. The Flowers [land in
Clul’cers round the Stalk at the Joints, as in the
other, but they are red. The whole Plant has a
difmal Afpeft. The Root is ﬁbrous.

The Plant is to be ufed frelh and dried,
and it has more Virtue than molt imagine. It
is to be given in Form of Tea, it promotes the
Menfes, and is fuperior to mol’t Things as a Re~
medy‘ in hylteric Cafes, Faintings, Convulﬁons,
and low Spiritednefs, and all the Train of thofe
Diforders. '

HORSETA 1 L'.
EQUISETUM SEGETALE.

Common and yet very {ingular wild Plant,
frequent in our Corn~Fields, and compofed
of Branches only, without Leaves, there are alfo
many other kinds of Horfetail. It is at Foot
- . N 4 t or

mm... a. ‘ .

7g gwowom. 4'3"” w.“
, .w- , . .

‘I 84. :77» Ufb’uﬁfamibr Heréaf.‘
or more in Height, and is extremely branched g,-
the Stalk is round, blunt, ridged and angulated,
and compofed of Joints; It is hollow, weak, and
f ldom fupports itfelf tolerably upright. The
ranches are of the fame Struéture, and they are
again branched; they grow feveral from every
joint of the main Stalk, and have others again,
though in lefs Number, growing from their Joints.
The whole Plant is of a green Colour, and when
bruifed, not of a very agreeable Smell.

The whole Plant is to be ufed, and it is belt
frefh; though it retains a great deal ofits Virtue
dried. Given in Deeoé‘tion, it Reps Overﬂowings
of the, Menfes, and bloody Stools, and applied e);-
ternally, it immediately {tops the Bleeding of
Wounds and heals them, '

HOUNDS TONGUE,
CYNOG‘LOSSUM.

Tall and ﬁngular looking Plant, frequent by
our Way Sides, and diﬁinguifhed by its large
whitilh Leaves, and {mall purple Flowers, as alfo
by the Particularity of its Smell, Which has been
fuppofed to reli‘mble that ofa Kennel of Hounds.
It is two Feet and a half high. The Stalk is an»
gulated, ﬁrm, and upright : The Leaves are long,
eonﬁderably broad, of :1 pale whitilh or bluifh
green Colour, ll‘lai‘p at the Points, and not at all
{errated at the Edges. The Flowers are linall and
of a deep Purple: They grow along the Tops of
the Branches, and are followed byvrough Seeds.
. The Root is the Part tiled: It is long, thick,
and brown, but whitil'h within; it is ball-emit and
aiﬁrin eut. Given in I)eco&i011, it is excellent
againl Coughs arifing from a thin lharp Humour.
Dried and powdered, it is good againit Purgings,‘
and ﬂops the Oxreriiowings of the Menfes. ‘
-- , . ‘ GREAT

l
\

,Gne'Atr' Housrnex. .,;
SEDUM MAJUS.

A Plant fuﬁiciently known as well by its parti—
cular Manner of growing, as for its Place of
GrOWth. It forms itfelf into Cluﬁers of a round<
ifh Figure, thefe are compofed of Leaves, .which
are largef’t toward the Bottom, and fmalleﬂ: at
the End; they are very thick and juicy, broad
at the Bafe, {harp at the Point, ﬂat on the upper
Side, a little rounded on the under, and form:
what hairy at their Edges. The Stalk grows to
ten Inches high, it is very thick, round, apd juicy,
upright, of a redifh Colour, and divided at the
Top into a few Branches. The Leaves on it are
thin and narrow. The Flowers are numerous,
they are red and have a green Head in their Mid—
dle, which afterwards becomes a Clutter of’Seed-
chfels. 4
The Leaves are the Part ufed ; they are applied
externally in Inﬂammations, and are very ufeful,
when cooling Things may be. employed. The
Juice is alfo cooling and aﬁringent taken in-
wardly, but it is rarely ufed. Some praife it
greatly for the Inﬂammations of the Eyes.
There is another kind of Houﬂeek, very urn--

like this in Form, but of the fame Virtues, this.

is called the lelfer Houﬂeek, the Stalks are round, ,

fmall, and redilh, ande grow ﬁx Inches high; the
Leaves are long and rounded, not ﬂat as others
Leaves; and the Flowers are white, and {land in
a kind of Tufts, like Umbels at the Tops‘ of the

Stalks. This grows on old Walls, and the T0135.

of Houfes like the other.

The

w. ,

186 WWW? Fame Herbz

The LEAST HOUSLEEK, on WAL_L
, PEPPER. \
SEDUM MINIMUM ACRE.

A common Plant on old Walls, of kin to the
preceding, but very different both in Face
and Virtues. The Root is little, from this grow
Abundance of Stalks, they are round, weak, and
unable to fupport themfelves; they fpread every
way about; and are ﬁx Inches in Length. The
greateft Part of every Stalk is covered with Leaves,
fo that it appears a green Subi’cance, of the Thick-
neﬂs of ones little Finger, thefe Leaves are fhort
and thick, they are of a ﬁne reen Colour, and
are broad at the Bafe, and arp at the Point.
The Flowers are little, and of a bright Yellow ;
they grow in great Numbers, from the Tops of
thefe Branches, and are of the Shape of thofe of
common Houﬂeek, and rounded by fuch Seed-
Yeﬂels. ~
The Juice of this kind of Houﬂeek, is excel-
lent againftthe Scurvy and all other Difeafes a—
» riﬁng from what is called F oulnefs of the Blood.
It is faid that a continued Courfe of it will cure
the Kings Evil: but we want Experience to {up—
Port (11159

The HYPOCIST.
HYPOCISTUS.

AVery ﬁngular Plant, Native of the Grecianj
_ 1 Iﬂands, and of fome of the warmer Parts of
Europe. It is ﬁve Inches high, and of a ﬁngular ~
VFi‘gure. It does not grow in the Earth at large
as other Plants, but to the Root of fome Species
of Ciﬂus; as Miﬂetoe grows to the Branches of
Trees. The Stalk is thick and ﬂefhy, and is often
‘ ~‘ [“103

V-‘ \O

72w“ Uﬁﬁél Edwiév ~Her6al. r87
twice as large inward the Top, as at the Bottom:
It is whidﬂg, or yellowiih, or purplilh, and has a
Parcel of lhort and broad ikinny Films, by way
of Leaves upon it. The F lovers grow at the
Top with Leaves of the fame kind among them.
They are lar e and beautiful, and are fucceeded
By Fruits of5 a roundil'h Figure, in which is a,
Qiantity of glutinous Liquor, and with it the
Seeds, which are very fmall, and of a brownilh
Colour. .
We ufe the hardened Juice of the Fruit, it is”
eVaporated over the Fire, to a thick Conﬁl’cence,
and then is of a black Colour, like the common
Liquorice Juice, called Spamﬂa LiquoriCe. The
Druggifis keep it in this State; it is good in
violent Purgings, with bloody Stools, and in
Overﬂowing of the Menfes : It is to be given in
an Eleé‘tuary, with Conferve of red Rofes.

HYSSOP.
HYSSOPUS.

AVery pretty Garden Plant, kept for ' its Vir-

tues. It grows two Feet high. The Stalks
are fquare, robuﬂ, upright, and of a' pale green
Colour. TheLeaves fraud two at each Joint,
they are long, narrow, pointed at the Ends, and ~
of a bright green Colour. The Flowers are fmall;
and they Rand in long Spikes at the Tops of the
Branches, they are of a beautiful blue Coloun
The whole Plant has a ﬁrong, but not difagreea-
ble Smell. ’ .-

Hyﬂ'op is to be gathered when juﬂ: beginning

to ﬂower, and dried: The Infulion made in, the
Manner of Tea, is not unpleafant, and is the-
belt Way of taking it: It 'is excellent againﬁ:
Coughs, Hoarfeneﬂ‘es, and Obﬁruétions in the
Brcallz, A ﬂrong Infuﬁon made into a Syrup
‘ ‘ - with

is-..‘ ,t

'1 a 8 .YZe (5&wa Fmigmemc

with HOney, is excellent for the, fame Purpol'es,f
mixed with in equal Quantity of Oil of'Almonds...

HEDGE HYSSOP.
_. GRATIOLA.

A Little Plant kept in our Gardens. It grows’
,. to :1 Foot in Height, the Stalks are fquare,
flender, and not very robui’t :. The Leaves are
long, narrow, and {harp—pointed: they {land two
at every Joint. The Flowers are long, moderately
large, and yellow, they arrow from the Bofoms of
the Leaves, and are ho‘llow and only a little di-;.
vided at' the Ends : They are fomewhat like F ox-
glove Flowers. . -
' A Decoélion of the frefh Plant is an excellent
Purge, but its works roughly; it is good againlt
Dropfies, and Rheumatifms; and the Jaundice has.
been often cured by it ﬁngly. ‘

 

JACK‘ BY THE HEDGE.
ALLIARIA.

ASpring Plant of a confpicuous Figure, freqﬂent
in our Hedges. The Stalk, is round, thick,‘
ﬁlm, upright, and‘of a pale Green, three Feet in
Height, and very l‘trait. The Leaves are large,
broad, and fhort, of a Figure approaching to.
roundifh, but fomewhat pointed at the Ends, and
notched at the Edges 5 they are ofa pale yellowilh
green Colour, and {land on long FoobStalks.
The Flowers are little, and white, they {land ”ten,
_ .. . or

7h ﬂ/éful Family Hiar'éal. ‘t 8 9
or a dozen together, at‘the Tops of the Branches,
and are followed by long Pods. ;

The frefh Leaves eaten as Sallet work by Urine
powerfully, and are recommended in Dropﬁes.
The Juice of them boiled into a Syrup with. Ho—
ney, is good to break tough Phlegm, and to cure
Coughs and Hoarfneffes. -

' The JACIN'TH, on HYACINTH.
HYACINTHUS VULGARIS.

T H E common Spring Plant our Children gas
ther with their Cowflips, and May Flowers,
and call Blue Bells." The Root is white and
roundilh; the Leaves are narrow, and long, like
Grafs, but of a deep green Colour, and fmooth
Surface: The Stalks are round, upright, and
fmooth, they have no Leaves on them. The
Flowers are large, and of a beautiful Blue, they
are hollow, oblong, and turn up as the Rim.
The Root is the Part ufed. '

It abounds in a ﬂimy Juice, bUt it is to be
dried, and this mull be done carefully, the Dee:
coétion of it operates well by Urine; and the
Powder is balfamic, and fomewhat {’cyptic. It
is not enough known. There is hardly a more
powerful Remedy for the Whites.

The JALA‘P PLANT.
JALAPIUM.

(liming Plants, Native of America, and no:

yet go: into our Gardens. The Root is long,
irregularly lhaped, and thick. (The Stalks are
round, tough, and ﬁrm, but llender and unable
to fupport themfelves. They grow to ten or
twelve Feet in Length, and wind among the
Bufhcs. The Leaves are oblong, broadeﬁ to-
. v - ward

ago 732Wﬁ}! Famiﬁi Herbal.
ward the Bafe, of a duiky‘ Green, and not dented
about. the Edges. The F lowers are large, and of
the Shape of a Bell,- and‘their Colour is purpliﬂi
or white. The Seed Veﬁ'el is large and oVal. .
The'Root is the Part ufed, and Druggiii’cs fell
it.» Given in Powder with a little Ginger to pre-
vent its griping, it is an excellent Purge. A
ﬁrong Tin&ure of it made in Brandy, anfwers the
fame Purpofe, it is good in Dropﬁes; and is in
general a fafe and excellent Purge. ..

‘JESSAMIN.
J.A_SMINUM.

ICommon. Shrub in ourGardens, and a great
Ornament to them. It does not well (up.
part itfelf, f0 that it is commonlynailed againft
Walls. The Trunk is covered with a greyifh
Bark : The young Shoots are green. The Leaves
{land two at each Joint, and they are very beau-
tiful; each is made up of about three Pair of nar~
row, oblong, and pointed Leaves, with avery long
one at the End. They are of a deep green Colour:
The Flowers are long, hollow, open at the End,
and white, half a Dozen or thereabout, grow on
each Stalk, and they are of a very delicate and
fragrant Smell, thefe are fucceeded by Berries,
which ripen in the warmer Countries.

The Flowers are the Part ufed. Pour a Pint
of boiling Water upon ﬁx Ounces of the frelh
gathered and clean picked Flowers ofjeﬁ’amin;
let it f’cand twelve Hours, then pour it off, add
Honey enough to make the Liquor into a thin
Syrup, and it is an, excellent Medicine in Coughs.

The

SW— Ufgful Filmy Herb]: :9: '

'R-osa 0F JERICHO.
ROSA HICRACONTEA.’

A Little woody Plant, named a Rofe from no-
thing but its Size, and its Manner of fold-
ing itfelf' up, by bending in the Tops of the
Branches, fo that it appears hollow and roundifh.
We are accui’tomed to fee it dry, and in that Cons
dition, it is always. thus drawn together. It is of
the Bignefs of a Man’s Fifi, and is compofed of
a Qiantity of woody Branches, interwoven with
one another, and all bending inward. ' When it
is put into warm Water, it expands and becomes
ﬂattilh, but on drying it, acquires the old Form
again. 7

It is in reality, a Kind of Thlafpi, or Treacle
Muftard, but of a peculiar. woody Texture. The
Root is long, and pierces deep into the Ground;
there grow from this eight or ten Stalks, which
fpread themfelves upon the Ground, in a circular-
Manner, as we fee the Stalks of our Birds Foot,
and many other little Plants. Thefe Stalks'are
thick and woody, and about four Inches in
length: They lie upon the Ground toward the
Bale, but lay turned up a little at the Tops, and
each of them has a Number of Branches. The
Leaves are long, narrow, and of a pale Green;~
they are very numerous, and they Rand irregular-
ly. The Flowers are fmall, and white like thofe
of our Shepherd’s Purfe. The Seed Veﬂéls are
fmall, and contain feveral Seeds like thofe of the ‘
common Treacle Mui’tard.
- This is the Appearance of the Plant, as it
grows very frequent in the warmer Climates; and
thus it has nothing lingular in it, while in its Per~
fe€tion of Growth, but after a Time, the Leaves
decay and fall OE, and the Stalks as they dry, in

I the

:92 77.3% Uﬁfuf Fa’ﬁzz’Ij Héréﬁl:
the Heat, draw up more and more, till by dc:
grees they get into thisround Figure, from which,
warm Water will expand them, but they recover
it again'as they dry. ‘ _ _
This is the real Hiﬁory of that little Kind (3f
Treacle Muﬁard‘, which is called the Rofe of
j’ericbo, and concerning which fo many idle, as
well as ﬁrang‘e Things have been faid. Our good
Women have many ways of trying many Experi—
ments with it, byway of dECiding future Events,
but nothing can be fo foolifh; The Nature of
the Plant will make. it expand, and open its
Branches, when put-into warm Water, and draw
them together again, as it grows dry. This will
always happen, and it will be more quick or more
ﬂow, according to the Condition of the Plant.~
Where it is to be had frelh, it does not want
medicinal Virtues. The young Shoots are good
.in Infuﬁon againl’c fore Throats, but we haVe the
Plant'without its Leaves, and in reality, little
more than a Stick; fo that it would‘be idle, to
cxpcét any Good in it.

The JESUITS BARK TREE.
ARBOR PERUVIANA.

A Small Tree, Native of South—America, which
has not yet got into our Gardens. The
Trunk is as thick as a Man’s Leg, and its Bark
grey. The Branches are numerous and irregular,
and their Bark is of a browner Colour, but with
the fame Tinge of Grey. The Leaves are long
and large, three Inches in Length, and half as
much in Breadth, and of a pale green Colour‘.
They are pointed at the End, but not at all in-.
dented at the Edges. The Flowers are fmall,
and their Colour is a pale Purple: They Rand in
great Cluﬁers together, they are long, hollowi

.. . am

The Ufeful Fangy Her-5a]. 1‘9 3
and open at the End, where they are a little dié
vided. The Fruit is a dry Capfule; of an oblong
Figure. ~ » . V

The Bark is the Part ufed. Beﬁdes its certain
Efﬁcacy againft Agnes, and intermitting F evers,
it is an excellent Stomachic and Aﬁringent; no-
thing is better to ﬁi‘engthen the (Appetite, and in
Overﬂowings of the Menfes, and all other Bleed:
ings, it is of the greatel‘c Efﬁcacy, ‘It i§__beﬂ:
given in Pth‘ler. The Tinéture is to be made in
Brandy, but it is nOt nearly folgood as the Sub;
f’tance, when it is giVen for Diforders of the Sto-l
mach, the belt way is to pick ﬁne Pieces of the
Bark and chew them; .

J E W s E A R s. _ ‘
AURICULZE JUDZE. ‘
AKind of Fungus, or as the common Phrafe is‘
of T oads-Stool,‘ grbviring upon old Elder
Trees. It is about an Inch and a half long, and‘
generally an Inch broad, and is {Omewhat of . the
Shape of an Ear. It gr‘oWs by a broad Bafe to
the Bark of the Tree, and from this, it gradual'~
ly fpread's- into a- ﬂat, hollow Subf’tance, with fe-
veral Ridges in it, running irregularly, whenCe it
is fuppofed to have the Refemblance of the Ear
molt perfeﬁly. Its Colour is a pale Grey on the
Outﬁde, it is‘ darker Within,- and there run feveral
Ribs along it. It is to be dried. Boiled in Milk,
it is recommended greatly it fore Throats and,
Qiincies. Thefe Remedies of the Vulgar, have
come originally from Pliyﬁcians, and they com-
monly have fometning to fupport them. The
yew: Ear is at this Time out of Repute, but that
feems owing to Sophiltrication. They commonly
fell under the Name of it, another Fringe: that
grows to a great Bigigﬁ, overfpreading Wood, _

< N

A”

a 9-4. ' 37716 emfu/ Family Heréaf'.

in damp. Places. They get it oﬁ‘ the Water Pipes
at the new River Head at lﬂingtorz, to fupply Ca-
‘ ventTGardm Market. ' -

The ST. IGNATIUS’S BEAN.
’TABA SANCTI IGNATII'.

A Plant common in the szﬂ-Indz’es, and very ill:
i called a Bean, being truly a Gourd.~ The
Name Bean was given to the Seeds of this Plant,
before it was known how they were reduced,
and fome' have continued it. to the P ant. It
grows to a great Height, when there is a Tree to.
fupport it, for it cannot fupport itfelf. It; has a,
Stalk as thick as a Man’s Arm, angulated, light,
and not ﬁrm. The Leaves are Very large, ob-
long, and undivided, and they have the Ribs ve~
ry high upon them: They are broad at the Bale,
and grow narrower? to the Point, and are 'of a
deep Green Colour. The Flowers are very large,
and ofa deep blood Red; at a Diﬁance, they
have the Afpe€t of a red Role. The Fruit is.
large, and roundilh; it has awoody Shell, and
over that a thin Skin, bright and fhining.
Within there are Twenty or Thirty Seeds; they-
are of the Bignefs of a fmall Nutmeg, when we
fee them: They are roundilh, and very rough up-
on the Surface: Each is of a woody Subl’tance, and?
when, tailed, is of the Flavour of Citron Seeds,
but extremely bitter and naufeous. The Colour
is. of all Grey or brownilh.

Theft: Seeds are What we ufc in Medicine, and?
call the St; [gmtius’s Bean. It is alVlcdieine
to be given with great Caution, but it has many
Virtues: The molt powerful Remedies, .when in,
ill Hands, are naturally the molt dangerous; the
Poxvder given into 3 13113.11 Dofe, oeeaﬁons Vomit-..
ing and Eurging, and often, iii-thehConﬁitution‘.

be

.‘Me U ﬂful Famzéz Heréal. 3195
be tender, Convulﬁons; it is much better to give
it in Tinéture, when no fuch Effects happen from
it. ’Tis of an excellent Effect againft nervous,
Complaints: It will cure the falling Sicknefs,
given in proper Dofes, and continued for a long
Time: The Tinéiure is the bei’t forthis Purpofe.
Some have given the Powder in very {mall Chian—
tities againt‘t Worms, and that with Succefs; 'its
extreme Bitter makes it very difagreeable, and
the Taﬂze continues in the Throat a long Time,
whence it occaﬁons Vomiting) We neglect it very
much at prefent, becaufe of its Roughnefs, but it
would be better we found the Way of giving it
with Safety. There are gentler Medicines, but
none of them fo efﬁcacious: It will do Service,
in Cafes, that the common Methods do not
reach.

ST. JOHN’S WORT.
H Y P E R I C U M.

Robui’c and pretty Plant, frequent in our-

Paf’tures, and other dry Places. The Height
is 3 Foot and a half. The Stalk is round, thick,
ﬁrm, and very upright, and divided towards the
Top into feveral Branches. The Leaves are lhort
and blunt at the Points: They are of a bright
green Colour, and if held up againfi the Light,
they feem to be full of Pin—holes. The Flowers
grow in Abundance on the Tops of the Branches :,
They are large, and of a bright and beautiful
Yellow, full of yellow Threads, which if rubbed
upon the Hand, ﬁain it red like Blood. The
Fruit is a dry Seed VeITel.

The Part ufed is the Flowery, Tops of the.
Plant juf’t as they begin to ripen. A Decoéiion
of thefe works powerfully by Urine, and is ere.
cellent again“: the Gravel, and in Ulcerations of

' O. 2 the

I 96 The qul Fam'b/ Heréal.
the Ureters; The fame Tops, freih gathered and
bruifed, are good for Wounds and Bruifes; they

ﬂop Bleeding, and ferve as=a Balfam for one, and
they take off Blacknefs in the other.

The JUJUBE TREE.
Z I ZY P H U S.

A Tree of the Bignefs of our Plumb Trees, and

not unlike to them in Shape. The Bark is
grey on the Trunk, and brown on the Branches.
The Leaves are moderately large, and each is
compofed of a Number of fmaller ones, fet on
each ﬁde of a middle Rib, but not Oppoﬁte to
one another, and with an odd one at the End:
Thefe are oblong, obtufe, and {armed round the
Edges, and the odd Leaf at the End, is the largell;
and longeﬁ: The Flowers are {mall and yellow.
The Fruit is oval, and of the-Bignefs of a mo—
derate Plumb '-, it has a {oft Subﬁance on the Out~
lide, and a Stone within, which is large and long,
and pointed at both Ends.

The Fruit isufed. It was at one Time brought
over to us dried, but we fee little of it now; it
was eﬁeemed balfamic, and was given to cure
Coughs, and to work by Urine.

The WHITE STOCK JULY FLOWER.
LEUCOIUM ALBUM.

Rohui’t Garden Plant, kept for its Flowers,

which Art variegates and makes double. It
grows two or three Fee: high. The Stalk is
thick, ﬁrm, round, and of a greyiih Colour.
The Leaves are long, narrow, hairy, and whitifh._
The Stalks which bear the Flowers, are alfo of a
whitilh Green, and tender. The Flowers are as
broad as a Shilling, white, and ﬁveet fcentcd. l
,, Tie

.7733 Uﬁfu/ £4ng Heréal. hg-y

The Flowers are the Part ufed, and they are to ,

be frefh gathered, and only juft blown. A Tea

made of them, is good to. promote the Menfes,

and it operates alfo by Urine.‘ An Ointment is

to be made, by boiling them in Hogs Lard,
which is excellent for fore Nipples. -

The JUNIPER ’SHRUB. ,
JUNIPERUS

A Common Shrub on our Heaths. It grows to
no great Height in England, but in fome
other Parts of Europe, rifes to a conﬁderably large
Tree. The Bark is of a redifh Brown. vThe
Branches are tough. The-Leaves are longiih,
very narrow, and prickly at the Ends. The
Flowers are of a yellowifh Colour, but fmall and
inconﬁderable. The Berries are large, and when
ripe blackilh: They are of a ﬁrong, but not dif-
agreeable Smell, and of a fweetilh, but reﬁnous
Tafte. The Leaves are of a faint bluilh Green
Colour. '
The Berries are the Part molt ufed. We have
them from Germany principally. They have two
excellent Qialities, they difpel Wind, and work
by Urine, for which Reafon, they are excellent
in thole Cholics which arife from the Gravel and
Stone. With thefe is alfo made the true Geneva,
but the Liquor our poor People drink under that
Name, is only Malt Spirits, and Oil of Turpen?
Line.

02 i IVY.

1.93 2% Uﬂfu/ Family Heréal.

IVY.
HEDERA.

A Very common Shrub, crawling about old

Trees, or upon old Walls; it fometimes runs
upon the Ground for want of fuch Support, but
then it rarely bears any Fruit. The Trunk is
thick, brown, and covered with a peculiar Rough-
nefs. The Branches are numerous and brittle.
The Leaves have a l’trange Variety of Shapes,
oblong, angular, cornered, or divided. The
Flowers ﬂand in little round Cluﬁers, and they are
fmall; and inconﬁderable: They are fucceeded by
large Berries. The Leaves upon the young
Shoot that bear the Flowers, are always oblong;
thofe on the Trunk are angulated. They are all
of a deep gloffy Green. .

The Leaves and Berries are bOth ufed, but nei~
ther much. A Decoétion of the Leaves deltroys
Vermin in Childrens Heads, and heals the Sore~
nefs that attends them. The Berries are purging;
an Infuﬁon of them will often work alfo by Vo-
mit, but there is no Harm in this: They are an
excellent Remedy in Rheumatifms, and Pains of
all Kinds, and it is laid, have cured Droplies ; but
this is perhaps going too far.

The Ivy in the warm Countries fweats out a
Kind of Reﬁn, which has been ufed externally at
fome Times, on various OccaliOns; but at this
Time, it is quite unknown in Praé‘tife.

m Uﬁful Family Ham. m9

KI-DNEY-woRT.
UMBILICU‘S VENERI-S.

A Very ﬁngular Plant, which grows on old
Walls in {ome Partsof England. It is eight
Inches high, and is diﬁinguilhed at Sight, by a
Cluller of round Leaves which grow about the
Stalk. The Root is roundifh, and its Fibres
:grow from the Bottom. The Leaves ﬁand on
longilh' and thick Foot Stalks, which are, e'xcept‘
in the 10wel’c of all, inferted not 'at the Edges of:
the Leaf, but in the Middle: Thefe are round,
thick, ﬂefhy, and indented about the Edges.
The Stalk which'bears the Flowers, is round,
thick, and towards the Top, divided into two or
three Branches; on thefe grow the’Flowers, in a
Kind of Spikes: They are oblong, hollowiih,
and of a greeniﬂi white. Colour. .

The Leaves are the Part ufed. Externally,
they are cooling, and good againﬁ: Paiias. They
are applied bruifed to the Piles, with great Suc-
cefs. The Juice of. them taken inwardly, ope-
rates by Urine, and is excellent againf’t Strangu-
ties, and good in the Gravel, and Inflammations
of the Liver and Spleen.

KNAP—‘WEE D.
J A C E A.

Very common wild Plant, with dark colour—

ed longilh Leaves, and purple Flowers, like
thofe of Thiflles. It is, two Feet high. The
Stalks are roundifh, but ribbed; They are of "a
O 4. pale

as)? ﬁre Uﬁfwlfamigy-Heréa’l.

pale Colour, very ﬁrm and ﬂrong, upright, and
divided into Branches. The Leaves are long,
and of the fame Breadth: Thofe which grow im}
mediately from the Root, are but little jagged or
eut at the Edges: Thole which ﬁand upon the
Stalk, are more lb. The FlOwers are large; they
ﬁand in {caly Heads, one of which is placed at
the TOp of every Branch; and at aDiltance, they
have fomething of the Appearance of the Flowers
of Thiftles, but when examined ndarer, they are
more like thofe of the Blue’Bottle. The Flowers
themfelves, are of a bright red and large.

The young Plant is ufed frefh: ADecoé‘tion of it
is good againit the Bleeding of the Piles, againﬁ:
LoofenelTes with bloody Stools, and all other Bleed-
ings. A ﬂight Infuﬁon is recommended againf’t fore
Threats, to be ufed by Way of Gargle. There
are (0 many of thefe gently‘aitringent Plants,
common in our Fields, as Yarrow and the like,
that lefs Refpeﬂ: is to be paid to one of lefs
Power in the fame Way. ’ Knapweed may be ve-
ry properly added to DecoEtions of the others,
but it would not be fo well to truﬁ to its Effects
ﬁngly. ' ' ' ‘

K N o T-G R A s s.
_P O L Y G O N U M.

A Moi’c common wild Plant in our Fields, Path-
ways, and Hedges : There are two or three
Kinds of it, but they pretty much refembie one
another in F orm, and in Virtues: The largei’t is
the bef‘t. The Stalks of this» are ten Inches long,
round, jointed, and of a dufky Green. The
Leaves are of an oval Form, .of a bluiih green
Colour, and not indented at the Edges. The
Stalks lie upon the Ground, and one of thefe only
grows at each Joint. The Flowers are {mall and
‘ white,

77):: Uﬂfﬁkf‘ﬂmié! Heréal. “QC!
white, but with" a Tinge‘ of redifh. The'Seed is
ﬁngle, black, and three cornered. ~

it has. been obferved' before, that Providence
has in general made the molt common Plants, the
molt ufeful. A Decoélion of Knot-Grafs Roots,
Stalks, and Leaves, is an excellent A'l’tringent. It
Props bloody Stools, and is good againft all Bleeds
ings, but in particular, it is a Remedy againﬁ: the
bleeding Piles, and againl’t the Overﬂowing of
the Menfes. ~ v -

 

L4

:The GUM LAC TREE.
LACA ARBOR.

ATree of the Bignefs of our Apple Tree, fre-
: quent in the Eal‘t, but not yet known in Eu—
, rope. The Trunk is covered with a rough redifh
Bark. The Branches are numerous and tough.
They have a linoother Rind, of a Colour incline-
ing to Purple. The Leaves are broad, and of a
whitilh Green, on the upper Side, and of a ﬁlvery
White underneath. The Flowers are fmall and
yellow. The Fruit is of the Bignefs of a Plumb,
and has in it a large Stone : The outer or pulpy
Part, is of an auf’tere, and not very agreeable
Taﬁe. '

The Gum Lac is found upon the Branches of
this Tree, but it is pretended by fome, that a Sort
of Flies, depoﬁte it there, and on other Sub-
fiances; and that it is a Kind of Wax; however,
there are Perfons of Credit, who fay they have
obtained it by cutting the Branches of this Tree,
and a like Subl’tance from the Branches of the fe-

' veral

2-02 776a qul Faﬂzz'gy Heréal

"veral kindsof Jujubes to which this belongs, in
‘ the hot Cdnntries. Probably the Flies get it off
this Tree, and lodge it for their Purpofes upon
Sticks, and other Subitances as we fee it.

Our Druggiﬂs have three kinds of this Reﬁn,
far it is ill called a Gum. The one they call
Stick Lac, becaufe it is brought round Sticks:
The Other Seed Lac in ﬁnall Lumps, and the
Other'Shell Law, which is thin and tranfparent,
and has been melted; of this Relin the fealing
Wax is made with very little Alteration more than
the colouring it, which is done by Means of Ci—
nabar or coarfer Materials. Taken inwardly,
Gum Lac is good againitObPrrué‘tions of the Liver:
It operates by Urine and Sweat, and is good in
molt chronic Cafes ariﬁng from fuch Obitruétions.

LADIES MANTLE.
ARCHIMILLA.

AVery, pretty little Plant, Nativeof fome Parts
ofEﬂgZzzzzd, but not very common wild. The
Leaves are numerous and very beautiful, they
are broad and of a roundifh F igurc, but divided
deeply into eight Parts, and each of thefe cle-
gantly indented about the Edges. They are of a
yellowifh green Colour, nearly as broad as the
Palm of ones Hand, and they ftand upon Foot—
Stalks of an Inch or two in Length. The Stalks
grow from the Midi’t, they are round, a little
hairy, eight Inches long, not very upright, and
of a pale green Colour. The Flowers itand in
conﬁdetable Numbers at their Tops, they are
ﬁnal! and of a greeniih Colour, but have a great
many yellow Threads in the Middle. The Root
is-long, thick, and dark coloured.
The Root is the Part mof’t valuable, a Demo-

tion of it freih taken up, is an excellent Remedy
1 > it)!"

m Uﬁfalufﬁm‘ty Heréal. 203

for the Overﬂowings 6f the Menfes, for bloody
Fluxes, and all other Bieedings. Dried and
powdered, "it‘ aaners the fame Purpofe, and is
alfo good ‘againi‘t common Purgings. The good
Women in the North of England apply the Leaves
to their Brealts, to make them reCOVer their Form
alter they have been {welled with Milk; Hence

it has get the Name of Ladies Mantle.

The LAR CH TREE.
L ARIX.

AModerately tall, and in Summer 21 very beau- ,
til’ul Tree, but tho’ one of the reﬁnous kind,
and in many refpeﬁs approachinw to the Nature
of the Fir and‘Pine, it loofeS its icaves in Win:
ter: It is a. Native of Italy, and is frequent in our
Gardens. The Trunk is rugged, and the Branches
are covered with a rough Bark of a brownilh Co-
lour, with a Tinge of redifn. The Leaves are an ’
Inch or more in Length, extremely llender, and
of a bluifh green Colour, and they grow in little I
Clufters, and different Parts of the Branches.
The FloWers are inconﬁderable, the Fruit is 3
Cone, but very ﬁnal}. It is not bigger than a little
Vv’alnut.

The young Leaves are boiled, and the LiquOr
is drank to promote Urine, but this is an idle
\Vay of getting at the Virtues of the Tree. Venice
Turpentine is produced from it, and this liquid
Relin contains them all in Perfection. The cut
the Trunk of the Tree deep in the Heat of gum-
mer, and the Relin ﬂows out. This Works pow;
cfully by Urine, and is a noble Balfam ; it is good
againft the Whites, and to {top the Running that
often remains from a Clap after all the Virulence
is removed; but in this Cafe it muPt be given cau—.
tiouﬂy.

i LARKS

_ 4m rm .

204. 738 U/éfu! Family Heréﬂl.‘

» “LARKSSPUK
I ‘ DELPHINIUM.

, Common Flower in our Gardens, but not
. without its Virtue. It grows a Yard high;
the Stalks are round, upright, ﬁrm, and of a
pale Green. The Leaves are cut into a Multitude
of long, narrow, and very ﬁne Diviﬁons, and
are ofa deep green Colour, and the Flowers which
grow in long Spikes at the Tops of the Branches
are naturally blue, but often red or white. They
are moderately large and have a kind of Spur be~
hind.

The Leaves are ufed; they mui’t be boiled freih
in Water, and the Decoétion is good againﬁ: the
Bleeding Piles. It ﬂops the Hemorrhage, and at
the fame Time cools the Body, whereas too many
of the reﬁringent Medicines are heating.

LAVENDER
LAVENDULA.

ACommon Plant in our Gardens, Native of the
Warmer Parts of Europe; it is of a fhrubby
Nature in the Stem, but the reft is herbaceous.
it grows 21 Yard high. The Trunk, or main Stem,
is thick, woody, ﬁrm, and covered with a whitilh
Bark. The yOung Shoots from this are tender
and greenifh, and on thefe ﬁand the Leaves.
They are long, narrow, of a pale green Colour,
and ﬁand two at each Joint. The Stalks which
bear the Flowers, are fqtiare, green, and naked;
the Flowers ﬁand in ﬂiort Spikes, or Ears, they
are fmall, blue, and very fragrant; the Cups of

. the Flowers are whitifh.
Thefe Flowers are the Part ufed ; they are good
againit all 'Diibrders of the Head and Nerves.
"They

ﬁne U/éful Family Herédl. 320 5
They may be taken in the Form of Tea. The
famous Spirit of Lavender called Palfy Drops, and
the fweet Lavender Water are made with them.
The Spirit of Lavender called Palfy Drops is thus
made belt.

Put. into a {mall Still a Pound of Lavender
Flowers, and ﬁve Ounces of the tender Tops of
Rofemary, put to them ﬁve Quarts of common
MelaITes Spirit, and a Qiart of Water: Diﬁil‘oﬂT
three Qiarts, put to this Cinnamon and Nutmegs,
of each three (garters of an Ounce, red Sanders
Wood half an Ounce, let thefe {land together a
Week, and then {train oﬂr the Spirit. . ;

The Lavender Water is thus made. Put a
Pound of freih Lavender Flowers into a I’till with
a Gallon of MelafTes Spirit, and draw of? ﬁve
Pints. This is Lavender Water. ‘ '

LAVENDER COTTON.
ABROTONUM FCEMINA.

ALittle fhrubby Plant, frequent wild in ItaZy,

but with us kept in Gardens. It grows two.
F ect or more in Height, the Stem is wln'tifh: The:
Stalks growing from it, are tough and ﬁrm, ofa
whitilh Colour alfo, and very numerous -, the
Leaves are oblong, (lender, of a fquare Shape, and
indented, they are alfo whitifh, and of a ﬁrong,
Smell. The Stalks which fupport the Flowers,
are long and naked ; they are round, ofa greenifh
Colour and each has at its Top a ﬁngle Flower,
which is yellow and naked, andlof the Bignefs of
an I‘Iorfe-Bean.

The Leaves are the Part ufed, they are bef‘t frefh
gathered. They are to be given infufed in Water
againft \Vorms, they are a difagreeable Medicine, '
but a very eﬁicacious one. They alfo promote
the Memes, and open Obilruétions of the Liver..

They

‘

7206 *7?» 0/sz Pawn Harm.
"They have been recdrnmended greatly in the Jaun-
dice.

SPURGE LAUREL.
LAUREOLA.

AWild little Shrub of a ﬁngular AfpeEt and of

, conﬁderable Virtues, it is three Feet high,
the Stem is half an Inch thick, and divides into
a great many Branches. The Bark is of a brown~
ifh Colour, and they are not very ﬁrong. , The
Leaves Rand at the Tops of the Branches, they
are long, narrow, and of a bright and ﬁne Green ;
they are of a ﬁrm Subi’tanee, and are not indented
at the Edges. The Flowers are very fmall, and.-
inconﬁderable, they are green with fome yellow
Threads, and have a fweet Smell, the Berries arc
fmall, roundilh, and black.

The Leaves are a powerful Remedy againﬂ the
Dropfy, but they are f0 violent they mull: be
given with Caution ; a ﬁnall Qiantity of a flight
Infuﬁon of them in Water, works by Vomit and
Stool in a. powerful Manner. It is not every Con-
ﬂitution, that can bear fuch 3 Medicine.

"1, The LEEK.
PORRUM.

Common Plant in our Kitchen Gardens. It
grows three Feet high -, the Stalk is round,
green, and. thick, the Leaves are large, long, and
of a deep Green, and the Flowers growina round
Clutter at the Top of the. Stalk, they are ofa
purplilh Colour, with a Tinge of Green, the
Root is white, oblong, thick, and roundifh, with

Fibres at the Bottom.
An Infuﬁon of the Roots of Leeks made in
Water, and boiled into a Syrup with Honey,
:5

m Uﬁful Fmgy‘ Harm» >207

is good agpainﬁ'AIthmas, Coughs, and Obﬁmc‘i
tions in the Breaft and Lungs. It anfwers the
fame Purpofes, with Syrup of Garlic, but it will
agree with forne, who cannot hear that Me-

dicine.

The LEMON TREE.
LIMONIA MALUS.

AShrub, Native of the warmer Countries, and:

frequent in our Green-houfes, very beauti-
ful and fragrant. The Trunk is moderately thick,
and covered with a brown Bark, the Branches are
numerous, irregular, and befet withPrickles. The
Leaves are large, and very beautiful, of an oval
Figure, and fet upon a naked Stalk ; they are of
a beautiful Green, and, remain on the Tree all
Winter. The Flowers are large and white, of a
thick ﬁrm Subi’tance, and very fragrant Smell.
The Fruit we are fuﬂiciently acquainted with; its
Shape is oblong, and its Rind of a pale yellow
Colour, it has a Part like a Nipple at each End.
its Smell is very fragrant, and its Juice four.

The Peel and the Juice of the Fruit are ufed.

The Peel is I’tomachic and warm, it is a good In-
gredient in bitter Infuﬁons. The Juice made into
a Syrup with twice its Weight of ﬁne Sugar, is
excellent for fweetening Juleps and Drinks in F e-.
vers, and mixed with Salt of Vyrormwood, it ﬂops
Vomitings.

L r, A D w o R T.
DENTILLARIA SIVE PLUMBAGO.

ALittle Plant, Native of fome Parts of Ehrepc‘,
and kept in our Gardens. It is two Feet high,
the Stalks are ﬂender, tough, and weak, hardly

able to fupport themklves upright. The Leaves
are

208 7732 Uﬁﬁzl ﬁm’igi Hérééls

are of a pale bluifh green Colour, oblong, not very’
broad, and they furround the Stalk at the Bafe;
The Flowers are red, they are lingly, very fmall,
but, theyﬁand in thick, oblong Clutter-'5, on the
Tops of ~ the Stalks, and each is fucceeded by a
ﬁngle Seed which is very rough, and ftands
naked. ,

The dried Root is to be ufed -, a Piece of it put
into the Mouth, ﬁll it with a great Qiantity of”
Rheum, and is often an almoﬂ: inltantanéous
Cure for the Head-ach. It alfo cures the Tooth;
ach in the fame Manner as Pellitory of Spain does:
It is more hot and acrid, than even that ﬁery
Root.

The INDIAN LEAF TREE.
MALABATHRUM.

Tall and beautiful Tree of tne Eaﬂ-Indies, not,
unlike the Cinnamon Tree in its Manner of
Grosvth. The Trunk is as thick as our Elms,»
and it grows as tall, but the Branches are difpol'ed
with lefs Regularity -, the “'00d is brittle, and the
young Shoots are of a pale Brown. The Leaves
are veiy large, nine Inches long, and {even in
Breadth, and not at all indented. The Flowers
ﬁandin Cluﬁers, on the Tops of the Branches:
They are ﬁnall and greyiﬁi: and the Fruit is of
the Bignefs of our red Currant. It is common in
the mountainous Parts ofthe Raft.

T hefe Leaves are. the Part tiled, ve have them
dried at the Druggifts, but they commonly keep
them till they are. decayed. It is an aromatic Me-
dicine, it ﬁrengthens the Stomach, and is good
in nervous Diforders.

ﬁeUﬁfﬁJWéIHWéd .2299

‘5LENTILE
L E N S. -
AKind of little .Pulfe, fown in Fields in fome
Parts of England, It grows a Foot and a
half high, but does not. ﬁend very upright. The
Stalk is angulated, of a pale Green, and branched;
the Leaves are like thofe of the common Pea:
They eonﬁi’t each of feveral Pairs of fmall ones,
fet on aRib, and there is a Tendril in Place of an '
odd Leaf at the End. Thefe ﬁnal] Leaves are
of a pale green Colour, and oval Shape. The
Flowers are white and ﬁnal], but in Shape like
a Pea Bloﬂbm, they ﬁand ﬁngly on long Stalks.
The Fruit is a Pod of a ﬂattifh Shape, in which
there generally are two Seeds alfo a little ﬂatted,
and of the Bignefs of a ﬁnall Pea.
The Fruit is ufed; it is ground to Powder to,
make into Pultices for Swellings, but it is not

much regarded.

ILETTICE.
LACTUCA.

Common Plant in our Kitchen Gardens, which
we eat raw. When it rifes to Flower it is two
Feet and a half high. The Stalk is round, thick,
ﬁrm, very upright, and of a pale Green. The
Leaves are oblong, broad, and fomewhat waved
at the Edges: The Flowers [hand on the Tops of
the Stalks, and are of a pale Yellow, the Seed is

Winged with a light white Down. ,_
The Juice of Lettice, is a good Medicine to
procure Sleep, or the thick Stalk eaten will ferve
the fame Purpofe. It is a good Method to put
thofe into, who require a gentle Opiate, and wili

not take Medicines.

“’1 ID

l

2 I o ﬁe {579/5141 Famiél 'Heréai}.
WILD LETTICE- ‘ '
LACTUCA SYLVESTRIS MAJOR.

Cornn‘fion Plant in our Hedges, and having
fome Refemblance to the Garden Let-
tice in its Flowers, though not in its Man-
ner of Growth. It is ﬁx or feven Feet high. The
Stalk is thick, round, very upright, branched, and
of a pale yellowiih green Colour. The Leaves at
the Bottom are very large, aFoot long, andrfive
Inches broad, and of a pale green Colour ; thofe
'higher up the Stalks are ﬁnaller, they are deeply
indented at the Edges, and either thefe, the Stalk,
or any other Part of the Plant. being wounded,
there ﬂows out a milky Juice, which has the Smell
of Opium, and its hot bitter Taﬁe: The Branches
are very numerous, and the Flowers are alfo very
numerous, but they are {mall and of apale Yelv
low.

This is a Plant not introduced into the common
Practice, but very worthy of that Notice. Ihave
known it ufed in private Families, with great
Succefs. A Syrup made from a {trong Infufion
ofir, is an excellent Anodyne; it cafes the molt
violent Pain in Cholics, and other Diforders, and
gently dilpoles the Perfon to Heep. It has the
good lilTeét of a gentle Opiate, and none of the
bad ones of that violent Medicine.

The WHITE LILY.
LILIUM ALBUM.

Tali, fragrant, and beautiful Garden Plant. It

‘ grows tour or ﬁve Feet high; the Stalk is
round, green, thick, ﬁrm, and very upright;
a great many Leaves furround it at the Bottom,
and a great many grow upon it all the Way:
Thule are of the fame Shape, longnarrow, and
S‘ 2 fmooth,

7h iiﬁﬁal £61”?! Hawaii. a I I

l'moth, and of; a palet_Gréen upon the Stalk, and
deeper Green at the »Root».-~ The Flowers {tand on
the Diviﬁons of the Top of the Stalk, they are
large, white, and cornpofed as‘it' were of a (Qum-
tity of thick Scales. ' ‘ ‘1

The Roots Contain the greatelt Virtue; they
are excellent mixed in Pultices, to app‘lly to Swelé
lings. The Flowers poli'efs the fame irtue alfo,
being emollient and good againﬂ: Pain. An Oil is
made of the Flowers {teeped in common Oil Of
Olives -, but the freﬂn Flowers are much better in.
the Seafon; and the Root may be had frelh at”
all Times, and it poﬁbﬂ‘es the fame Virtues.

LILY OF THE VALLEY.
LILIUM CONVALLIUM.

AVery pretty little Plant, but f0 different (from

the former, that one would wonder how it
came to be called by any Part of the fame Name.
It is ﬁx or eight Inches high. The Leaves are
large, long, and broad, of a deep green Colour,
and full of very thick Ribs or Veins. The Stalks
are weak, ﬂender, angular, and green, they bend
towards the Top, and on each there funds, or ra—
ther hangs, a Row of white Flowers, they are
roundilh, hollow, and of a delicate and pleaﬁng
Smell, thefe are fucceeded by Berries, which are
red when they are ripe.

The Flowers are ufed. A Tea made of them
and drank for a Conﬁancy, is excellent againl’c
all nervous Complaints, it will cure nervous Head—
achs, and Tremblings of theLimbs: A great deal
too much has been faid of this Plant, for People-
call it a Remedy for Apoplexies and the dead
Palﬁes, but though all this is not true, enough
is to give the Plant a Reputation, and bring it
again into ufe. ‘

P 2 The

2 I 2 773 Uﬁﬁgl FamiZy Heréal.

The WATER LILY.
NYMPHJEA ALBA.

ALarge and elegant Plant, the broad Leaves of

which we fee ﬂoating upon the Surface of the
Water in 0111 Brooks not unfrequently- , 1nd in
the Autumn large white Flowers among them.
The Root of the Plant 15 very long, and ex-
tremely thick, and lies buried in the Mud. The
Leaves rife fingly one on each Stalk, the Stalks
are round, thick, and of a fpung y Subl’tance,
having a white Pith 111 them -, and the Leaves alfo
are thick and fomewhat fpung oy- , they are of a
roundilh Figuie, and they lie ﬂat upon the Surface
of the Water. The Flowers {land upon finglc
Foot Stalks, ariﬁng like thofe of the Leaves 1e-
‘parately from the Root, and beinglike them, light,
~1';,ound glofiy, and full of a whitec Pith, the Flow-
ers are large and white, and have fome yellow
Threads in the Middle; the Seed—Vellel is large
and roundilh, and the Seeds are numerous.

The Root is the Part ufed, and it is belt frelh,
and given in a {trong Decoétion. It is a power-
ful Remedy in the Whites, and in thole W cakneil
fes left after venereal Complaints: It is alfo good
againf’t violent Purgings, efpecially where there
are bloody Stools. There are other Kinds of
Water Lily in our Ditches, particularly a large
yellow ﬂo‘weied one, whole Roots poﬂefs the
lame Virtues with the others but in a lefs De»
gree.

The

3m; Uhﬂ/‘MWHWI. 21 3 .

The LIME Thee.
TILIA.

Tree common enough in Parks and Gardens,

and when in Flower very beautiful and fra—
grant; the Trunk is thick, and the. Branches
grow with a tolerable Regularity. The Leaves
are Ihort, broad,-of a Figure approaching to round,
but terminating in a Point, and ferrated about the
Edges. The Flowers grow on long -yellowiih
‘ Stalks, with ayellowhoblong, and narrow Leaf.
upon them. They are‘ themfelves alfo of a yel-
lowilh white Colour, and extremely delicate and
fweet Smell. The Fruit is roundilh and ﬁnally»
The Flowers are the only Part ufed, they are good »
againﬁ Giddinefs of the Head, .Tremblings of the ,
Limbs, and all the other lighter nervous Difor- -
ders. ~They are bell; taken as Tea. '

The LICLUID AMBER TREE.
LIQUID AMBAR.

AVery beautiful Tree of the ﬂmerz‘cmz Iflands,
which we have brought of late into our Gar-
dens; it grows ﬁft Feet high, and the Branches
are numerous and ifpofed with a tolerable Regu—
larity. The Leaves are large and very beautiful,
they are broad and are divided much in the Man-.
ner of the Leaves of our Maple Tree, but much
more beautifully, they are of a gloiiy Green, and
the Tips of the Boughs have a fragrant Smell.
l‘he ﬂowers are greenifh and fmall; the Fruit
is of the Bignefs of a fmall Walnut, roundifh
and rough upon the Surface, with feveral Seeds
\‘.ltlllll.

W e ufe a Reﬁn in which runs from the Trunk
of this Tree in great Heats. It is of a redilh Co—
P 3 lour,

~ «4;, l, 1. .

2 I 4. TB? ‘Wéfﬂl‘ Fang'y .Heréal.

lour, foft, and extremely fragrant, nearly a Pet-
fume. It is an " excellent Balfam, nothing ex-
ceeds it as a Remedy for the Whites; and for the
Weaknefres left after venereal Diforders. It is
alfo good in Diforders of the Lungs; and it works
by Urine, and diﬂodges Gravel. There was a
Cuftom at one Time of mixing it among Fer-
fumes, but of late it has been neglected, and is
grown fcarce.

‘ The LIQUID Sroaax TREE.
STYRAX LIQUIDA ARBOR.

ALarge Tree, {0 much ‘we hear of it, is Native of
the Eaﬁ-Indz'es, butvery ill defcribed to us. We
are told the Leaves are large, and the Flowers
fragrant, but of what Form they are no Body has
told us, or what is the Fruit. All that we ufe is
a liquid Reﬁn of a very peculiar kind, which we
are told is obtained by boiling the Bark, and the
young Shoots of this Tree in Water; the Reﬁn
fwims at the Top, and they fcum it off and {train
it, but it will not all pafs thrbugh.- It is from
hence that we fee two kinds -, the one ﬁner,
thinner, and purer, the other thicker and coarfer;
this 1211’: kind is more common than the better
Sort, and it is generally ufed. ~ -

It is a Balfam of the Nature of the Turpentines;
and is good againft the V’Vhites, and the Weak-
neﬂ‘es that follow venereal Diforders. Some have
ufed it alfo in Difeafes of the Lungs, but it has
never been in great Repute on thole Occaﬁons.
It is fornetimes put into Ointments intended for
old Ulcers; and it is faid to be ufed this Way
with great Sn-ccefs.

Lingo:

we r:

72a. UﬁfuLEainz‘gy ﬁeréal. 2 t 5

.. L103! ORI-C E.
GLYCYRRHIZ A. .‘

ARough looking Plant, cultivated in many

Places for the Sake of the Root. It is- 3.
Yard high or more. The Stalk is round, {tria-
ted and branched: The Leaves are long and
large, each is compofed of a great many Pairs
of fmaller, {tanding on a middle Rib, with an odd
one at the End; thefe are of an" oval Figure, of a
dufky green Colour, and they are clamniy» to the
Touch. The Flowers are very fmall and blue,
they ﬁand in long Spikes, riﬁng from the Bofoms
of the Leaves. The Seeds are‘ contained in Pods.
The Root is the Part ufed; and its Virtues are
very great. It is hell: frelh taken out of the Ground,
the Sweetnefs of its Tafte renders it agreeable, and
it is eXcellent againlt Coughs, Hoarfenell'es, and
Shortnefs of Breath. It alfo works gently by Urine,
and is of Service in Ulcerations of the Kidneys,
and urinary Pafﬁges, acting there as in Lungs at
once, as a Detergent and Balfamic.

The bell: Way of taking it is by fucking or
chewing the frelh Root: But it may be taken in
Infuﬁon, or in the Manner of Tea: The black
Subitance called Liquorice Juice, and Spmziﬂj Li—
quorice, is made by evaporating a {trong Decoc-
tion of this Root. But the frefh Root itfelf is
better. ’

P 4 NOBLE

.2 i6 meMﬁHME

NOBLE Lifermgwon neon HE PA-
“ * .'..’I,T’.LI¢'Af-' ,
. HEPATICAVNQBILIS.
ACommon Garden, Flower, which makes a
very pretty Figure ; in Spring, and is little
regarded, except as an Ornamentin our Borders;
though it is not without conﬁderable Virtues.
The Leaves are fupported each on a lingle Foot—
Stalk, white, ﬂender, and redifh, the are near
an Inch broad, and of the fame Lengt , and di~
vided each into three Parts. The Flowers rife
early in the Spring, before thefe appear; they alfo
ita‘nd ﬁngly on long F cot-Stalks, and are mode-
rately large and blue, with a greenilh Head in
the Middle, the Root is ﬁbrous.
, An Infuﬁon of the Leaves of this Plant is good
againll: Obﬂzrué‘tions of the Liver and Spleen;
it works gently by Urine, and is a good Medicine ‘
in the Jaundice, taking it in Time.

GREEN LIVERWORT;
LICHEN VULGARIS.

Common low Plant, compofed wholly of
Leaves, which fpread themfelves on the
Ground, and are of a beautiful green Colour“,
Authors refer it to the Kinds of Mofs. It grows
on old .Walls, in ‘V’Vells, and other damp Places.
The Leaves are oblong, blunt, and thin, they
fpread one over another and take Root, .where~
ever they touch the Ground. They often cover
a Space ofa Foot or more in one Cluf’ter. This
is all that is ufually feen of the Plant, but in Spring.
when the Place and the ~VVeather~, favour, there
rife up among thefe Leaves certain long and Ilen-
der Stalks, on the Tops of which ﬁnnd imperfect
' Flowers,

ﬁne-iaﬁfaéﬁaw'ﬂeréale 21,2
Flowers, as they are leaned, fmall, roundifh, and
rcfembling the~H¢ads jof 1.1319 ,Mulhrooms.

The whole Plant is _ufed,,and it is bell: green
and fr‘efh gathered. It is to be given in a ﬁrong
Decoélioh’. "It opens Oblh‘uftions of the Liver,
and works by Urine. It. is good againft the Jaun-
dice, and is an excellent Medicine in the ﬁrﬁ
Stages of Confump‘tiOns. It is not nearly To
much regarded as it ought to be. It is alfe-‘ufed
externally for F oulnefs of the Skin. ‘ ‘ '

GREY GROUND LtVERwoif-fnii
L'ICHEN CINEREUSTERRESTRI§{

, Plant very common by our dry Wood—ﬁdes,

and in Paﬁures,,, in fome Degree refernbling
the laﬁ: deferibed, but differing in Colour, and
in its Fruétiﬁcation. This conﬁf’ts alfo intirely
of Leaves; they are ofa bluilb grey Colour, on
the Outﬁde, and of awhitifh‘rGrey underneath.
They are two Inches long, and an Inch and a half '
broad; and grow in Clufters together, often they
are lefs diﬁinét, and therefore appear larger. Thefe.’
do not fend up any Stalks, to bear a kind of
Flowers in Heads. The Tips of the Leaves
turn up, and are redifh, and in thefe Parts are eon~
rained the Seeds. The whole Plant feems dry and
faplefs.

The whole Plant is ufed, and it has been of
late very famous. Its Efﬁcacy is againf’c the Bite
of a mad Dog; it is mixed with Pepper, and the
Perfon is at the fame Time to bathe in the Sea.
There have been Inﬁances of its Sueeefs, when
given to Dogs, but perhaps no Cure was ever
performed upon a human Creature, when this
terrible Difeafe had arifen to any Height. Bleeding-
and Opium are the prefent Praétice.

3 The

2 I ,8 9352 Uﬁfﬁl 7 Famibr ,Hi‘rl‘él;
. ‘ Amy}; , . '
The Lo-Gwoo D TR E E"."-
ARBOR C-‘A'MPECHIANA,

A Tree Native of the Sow/yarn Parts of America,

the Wood of which has been ufed in dying,
longer than in Medicine, but is very ferviceable
in the latter Capacity. The Tree is large and
makes a beautiful Appearance. The Branches are
numerous, and they fpread with :1 Sort of Regu-
larity. The Leaves are compofed each of feveral
Pairs of fmaller, fet on the two Sides of a com—
mon Rib. with an odd one at the End.‘ The
Flowers are of the Shape of Pea Bloffoms, but
they are, yellow; the Pods which fucceed them,
are Very large, and the Boughs of the Tree are
very thick fet, with {harp Thorns of a rediih
Colour.

We ufe only the Heart of the Wood which is
of a deep red Colour. It is of an auﬁere Taﬁe,
hit with fomething of Sweetnefs in it at bit, in
this it refemble sgreatly what is called Japan
Earth, and it refembles that Drug alfo in Vir—
ﬁles. It is a very powerful Medicine to “501)
Fluxes of the Belly, and Overﬂowings of the
Meni'es. The belt Way of giving it is in Form
of an Extract, which is to be made by boiling
down a ﬁrong Decoétion of Wood to the Con—
ﬁftence of Honey. In this Form it will keep a
long Time, and is always ready for Ufe.

PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE.
LYSIMACHIA PURPURiE‘A.

AWild Plant, that decorates the Sides of
Ditches, and Rivers, and would be an Ore
nament to our Gardens, It grows to three Feet;
high, and is very regular; the Stalk is fquare,
harry,

 

ﬁelﬁkfﬁlﬁwzzgy Heréal. 2 19
hairy, and generally of a redilh Colour. The
Leaves Rand two at“eac_h ]oint; and they are long
and narrow, of ’a duﬂty Green, and alittle rough.
The Flowers {land in very long Spikes at the
Teps of the Stalks, and are large, and of a {trong
purple Colour. The Spikes are often a Foot or
more in Length. The Seed is very little and.
brown. ,

The Leaves are ufe‘d. They are a ﬁne Balfa'm
for frelh Wounds, and an Ointment is to be
made of them boiled in Lard, which is alfo cooling
and deterﬁve, but it is nor of a ﬁne green Colour.’

YELLOW LoosnsrRIFE.
LYSIMACHIA LUTEA.

AWild Plant not uncommon in our watery
Places, but for its Beauty, very worthy a
Place in our Gardens. If it were brought from
America, it would be called one of the moﬁ: ele-
gant Plants in the World. It is four Feet high,
the Stalks are rigid, ﬁrm, upright, and very re-
gular in their Growth: A little hairy; and to-
ward the T0135 divided into feveralBranches. The
LeaVes are as long as ones Finger, and an Inch
and half broad in the Middle, and ﬁnall at each
End; they are a little hairy, and of a yel‘lowilh
Green. The Flo‘Wers are large and of a beautiful
Yellow, they grow feveral together on the Tops
of the Branches. The Seed-Veﬂ‘els are full of
{mall Seeds.

The Root dried and given in Powder, is good
againﬂ' the Whites, and againl’t Bloody Fluxes,
OVerﬂowings of the Menfes, and Purgings; it is
aﬁringent and balfamic. The youngLeaves bound
about a frefh Wound, {top the Bleeding, and per—
form a Cure in a lhort Time, .

LAVAG‘E.

_. .220 177% 'Wﬁﬁﬁmz'bxmim

« LOYAGE.
\ ‘LEVVIS-TI'CUM.

A Tall Plant of the umbelliferous kind, kept in

our Gardens for its Ufe in Medicine. The,
Stalk is round, thick, hollow, and deeply ﬁri-
ated or channelled. The Leaves are very large,
and they are each compofed of a Number of
fmaller -, thefe are fet on a divided Stalk, and are
fhort, broad, and indented at the Edges. The
Flowers are {mall and yellow, the Seed is ﬁriated,
the Root is brown, thick, and divided; and the
Fibres from it are numerous; it is of a hot
aromatic Taﬁe.

The Roots frefh dug: woz k by Urine, and are
good againi’c, the Jaundice. The Seeds have
the fame Effeft alfo, and they difpel Wind. The
dried Root is a Sudoriﬁe, and is good in F evers.

TREE LUNGWORT.
MUSCUS PULMONARIUS.

A Broad and large Kind of Mofs, in F orm.
fomewhat refembling the green and grey
Liverwort, but bigger than either. It grows on
the Barks of old Oaks, and Beech Trees, but is
not common. It is principally found in large
‘Woods. Each Leaf, or feparate Plant, is'eight
or ten Inches long, and nearly as much in Breadth,
of a yellowilh Colour, and of a Subi’tance refem-
bling Leather: It is divided deeply at the Edges,
and is rough, and full of high Veins on the Sur-
face. At the Seafon ofﬂowering there alfo ap-
pear certain fmall red Heads, which contain the

Seeds for a new Succeﬂion of Plants.
This Plant is not lb much known as it deferves
to be. It is an excellent Aﬁringent, a ﬁrong”
Decoftion

 

,V teem; 222—

%Wfal »..
Decoé‘tion "of- it ﬂops ‘the‘ Overﬂ'owings‘ of the
Menfes, and-‘all other Bleedings ;_ , it is remarka-
ble againit a Spitting of Blood, and hence it has
got into ' general Ufe inCo‘nfumpt'ions, but that
not ﬂ) properly. . It may. be given llT-PQWCler, but
the Other Way is better. ‘ °

The LUPVINEe , .
LUPINUS SATIVUS ALBUS.

HERE are many Lupines kept in Gardens,
but the belt kind for Ufe is the white-ﬂow-
ered, it grows to :1 Yard high, the Stalk 'is round, :
thick, ﬁrm, and of a pale Green. The Leaves
(land on long F cot-Stalks, and are each compo-
fed of feven, eight, or nine long narrow ones
difpofed in the Manner of Fingers, thefe are alfo
of a whitifh green Colour. The Flowers are large
and white, of the Shape of a Pea Bloﬂ‘om. The
Pods are hairy, a Decoétion of the Seeds of Lu-
pines drank in the Manner .of Barley Water, not
only works by Urine, but is good to bring down
the Menfes, and open all Obftruftions. It is ex-
cellent in the Beginning of Confumptions, ' Jaun-
dices, and Dropﬁes, but when thofe Difeafes are
advanced to at Height, more powerful Remedies
are to be employed. A Decoétion made very
l’trong is good to walh the Heads of Children that
have Breakings out upon them, they cleanfe and
difpofe them to heal. '

GOLDEN LUNGWORT.
PULMONARIA AUREA.

A Tall, ereét, and beautiful Plant of the Hawk-
weed kind, with yellow Flowers, and very
hairy Leaves, it is frequent in the mountainous
Parts of Europe, and we have it wild in fome

Places

2; 2 2 $6: UﬁfdreFami/y; Héréal;

Places in England, upon Walls and in very dry
Places, but with us it is notcommon.

It is two Feet high, "the Leaves are large
and oblong, they grow half a Dozen or therea-
bout immediately from the Root, and have thick
Foot-Stalks, they are oblong, broad, of a deep
and often a purplifh Colour, and are extremely
hairy, the Hairs being long, white, and for fo
thick, that they give it an Afpeét of VVoollinefs.
The Stalk is round, ﬂender, toierably ﬁrm, up
right, of a-pu‘i'pliih Colour, and alfo hairy: The
Leaves on it are {mallet than thofe from the Root,
_ bit like them in Shape, and they are in the fame
Manner very hairy. The Flowers are not very
large,» but they are of a beautiful Yellow, and
they have the more ﬁngular Afpeét, as the Plant
has {0 much VVhitenefs. The Seeds are winged
with a white Down«-

The youn Leaves riﬁng from the Root, are
the Part ufe . They are of the fame Nature with
thofe of Coltsfoot, but they pofi‘efs their Virtues
in a much greater Degree. In many other Parts of
Europe, where the Plant is more common it is
a'conﬁant Medicine in Difeafes of the Lungs, in
Coughs, Aﬁhmas, and the ﬁrf’t Stages ofCon-
fumptions: It is hell given in Form of a {trong
Infuﬁon; and I have known it tried here with
more. Succefs than could be expected from R)
iimple a Remedy, in Cafes of fuch Confequence.
It is fcarce wild, but it is eaﬁly propagated in
Gardens. Let but one Plant of it ripen its Seeds
and leave them to the Chance of the Winds, and
the Garden, the Walls, and neighbouring Places
will never be without a fulﬁcient Supply of it,
for all PurpOfcs.

M.

 

727: Uﬁwam‘wmaa a 2 3

' M

-MAc‘E;_‘ "
MACIS’.

THE Spice we call Mace, is the Covering of
the Stone or Kernel of a Fruit, within
which, is the Nutmeg. The Tree will therefore
more naturally, be defcribed under the Article
Nutmeg; but it may be proper to fay here, that
the Fruit of it is large, and roundifh, and. has
fomewhat the Appearance of a Peach, being of
nearly its Bigneis : The outer Part is more like the
oreen Rind of a Walnut, than the Fleih of a
Feach: within is the Nutmeg, contained in a hard
Shell, and on the Outﬁde of that Shell, is laid the
Mace, in a Kind of thin, divided, yellowiih
Leaves. It is of a {oft and unétuous Nature,
and very fragrant; more fo, than the Nutmeg
itfelf. '
Mace is a noble Spice, it warms and ﬁreng-
thens the Stomach, and is good againﬂ Pains in
the Head, ariﬁng from Faults there: It is alfo
good againlt Cholics; and even outwardly appli—
ed, will take Eﬁ'eft. The Mace bruifed may be
ufed for this Purpofe, or its Oil by Expreﬂion.

. MADDER.
RUBIA TINCTORUM.

Rough and‘unhandfome Plant, cultivated 501'
the fake of its Root, which is ufed by the
Dyers, and alfo in NIedicine. It is a Foot and a
half high. The Stalk is fquare and weak. The
Leaves {land ﬁx or eight at every Joint, difpofed
Star-fafhioned, and they are of a duiky green Co-
lour,

g 24. WEI/ya! Fami‘gy Herder};

lour, and very rough, they feel almolt prickly,
The Flowers are little and yellow; and they
grow from the Bofoms of the Leaves. The Root
is long, (lender, and of a red Colour.

A Decoétion of the frefhj Roots of Madder,
works gently by Urine, but it very powerfully
opens Obﬁructions of the Liver and Spleen. It
is very good againﬁ: the Gravel and Jaundice.

The TRUE MAIDENHAIR.
ADIANTUM VERUM.

'Very beautiful Plant, of the fern Kind,.but
exceeding the ordinary Ferns very much in
Dclicacy. The Stalks are ﬁnal], black, and glof-
fy; each divides toward the Top, into a great
many Branches, and on thele {land the fmaller
Leaves, which make up the complete one, or the
whole Plant; (for in this, as in the Fern, every

Leaf is an intire Plantg) thefe are Ihort, blunt,

rounded, and notched very beautifully and regu-
larly at the Edges, and they are of a pale green
Colour. The Seeds are ﬁxed to the Edges of the
under Side of the Leaves, in form Of a brown
Powder. The whole Plant is ufed: Our Drug-
gills have it from France.

A Decoftion of the frelh Plant, is gently diu-

retic, and opens Obﬁrtléiions, efpeqially of the.

Lungs -, but as we cannot eaﬁly have it frefh, and
it lofes a great deal of the Virtue in drying, the
belt Expedient is to ufe the ﬁne Syrup of Capel-
laire, which is made of an Infuﬁon of the Plant,
when in its Perfeeétion, with ﬁne-Narbonne Ho-
ney. We fuppofe this a Trifle, but Barley Water
fweetened with it, is one of the bell: known Re—
medics for a Violent Cough.

ENGLISH

ﬁef’Uﬁfdlxlfq-dmbsHeréal. ‘_ 2.2 5

ENGLIsH ‘MAIDENHA‘IR.
TR‘ICHOMANES.

AVery pretty little Plant, of kin to the true
7 Maidenhair,’ and frequently. ufed' in its
Place; but this is very wrong, for its Virtues are
no greater, and'it is unpleafant. It grows
eight Inches, and each Leaf, as in the refl: of the
Fern kind, is an intire Plant. This Leaf con-
ﬁlls of a vall Number of fmall ones, let on each
Side a middle Rib, and they are very {hort and
obtufe, of a roundilh, but fomew‘nat oblong F i—’
gure. The Stalk is (lender, black, and ﬂiining,
and the little Leaves are of‘a bright and ﬂrong
green Colour. The Seeds are lodged as in the
reﬁ, in form of a brown Dul’t, on the under
Part of thefe Leaves. 4

The Plant grows frequently on the Sides of old '
Wells, and on damp Walls, and it is ufed intire.
A Syrup, made from an Infuﬁon of it, is the belt
fhift we could make, for the true French Capil-
laire; but that is fo eafy to be had, that no fuch
lhift is neceITary: An Infuﬁon of the dry Plant
may alfo be ufed;

WHITE MAIDENHAIR.
ADIANTUM ALBUDII.

A Very little Plant of the Fern Kind, and of the
“ Nature of the two Others juﬁ: defcribed.
Some will be furprized at the calling it a very
little Plant, having feen Leaves a Foot lon‘g, fold
in Caveat—Garden, under that Name; but this is
an Impoﬁtion : They fell a Kind of Water Fern
under this Name. The real white Maidenhair,
is not above two Inches high. The Stalks are
very‘llender, and of a whitilh Green, no: black

Q‘ - as

 

 

9

\.

  

226 The U/éful’ Family Herzai. ‘
as in the others. The Leaves are divided into a
great many {mall Parts, and at ﬁrf’t Sight, they
have fome Refemblan‘ce of the Leaves of Rue.
The Seeds are contained in brown Lumps, be-
hind. the Leaves, covering the grated Part of
the Surface. ,

This is not uncommon in old Walls: It has
the fame Virtues with the others againi’t Coughs,
and a DetoétiOn of it is alfo ﬁrongly diuretic,
and good againi‘t the Gravel, and all Stoppages
of Urine.

BLACK MAIDENHAIR.
ADIANTUM NIGR UM.

- Nother of the ﬁnal} Plants of the Fern

. Kind, and more of the fhape and form of
the common Ferns, than any yet defcribed. It is
like the common Fern, of the divided kind, only
very‘finall. It‘grows to eight or ten Inches high.
The Stalks are thick, black, and gloﬂy. The
leaves are very beautifully divided into a great
many Parts: Thefe are fhort, of a dark fhining
Green, and deeply ‘notched at the Edges, and
they terminate in a lharp Point, not blunt as
fome of thofe already mentioned. The Seeds lie
on the Ed es of the under Part of the Leaves,
in form of a brown Duit. It is not uncommon
by W‘ood Sides, and in ihady Lanes.

A Decoéiion of it works powerfully by Urine,
and it has the fame Virtue with the reft in the
Cure of Coughs. ‘ .

Of thefe four, for they poiTefs the fame Vir-
rues, the Preference is given to the ﬁri’t defcribed,
or true Kind; next to the E71glz'n Maidenhair;
and in ‘Defeﬂ' of both thefe, to the black Kind.
The white h’Iaidenhair is preferred to any, againﬁ.
the. Gravel, and in Suppreliion of Urine; but for

a the

72a U/éfu/ 174”:sz Heréal. 2 27
the common Uﬁ: in Coﬂghs and Hoarfeneﬂ‘es;
it is the leaﬂ: ef’teemed of all.

There is another Plant, called by the Name of
Maidenhair, which is yet to be defcribed, it makes
one of what are commonly called the ﬁve Ca-
pellary Herbs, but it is fo diﬁ‘inc‘t from the others,

that it is bell: kept feparate. They are all Kinds
of F cm: This is a fort of Mofs..

GOLDEN MAIDENHAIRs~
ADIANTUM AUREUM.

A Little upright Plant, but conﬁdered as a Mofs,

one of the largeﬂ: of the Kind. It grows
four or ﬁve Inches high, when in Perfection.
The lower Part of the Stalk is covered for an
Inch or more, with thick, Ihort, narrow Leaves,-
iharp at the Point, and of a dufky green Colour:
Thefe fiand in fuch Cluf’cers, that they quite hide
the Stalk; from the Top of thefe rife the Pedicles,
fupporting the Heads: They are naked three or
four Inches high, ﬂender, and of a brownifh,
redifh, or blackifh Colour: The Head upon the
Summit of thefe is ﬁngle, fquare, and is cbvered
with a woolly Cap, of the Figure of an Extin-s
guilher, which falls off when the Head is intirel)r
ripe : This Head is full of a ﬁne Dui’c.

The Plant is frequent in boggy Places, and is
to be ufed intire. Some talk of its being good
in Coughs, but the more frequent Ufe of it is
externally. They boil it in Water, and wafh the
Head with it, to make the Hair grow thick.

Q 2' The

 

2 28 77%: U ﬁful Family Herﬁcil‘.

The COMMON MALLOW.
M A L V A.

Wild Plant, every where about our Hedges,

Fields, and Gardens. It is one among nia—
ny Inﬁances, that God has made the moﬁ: ufeful
Plants, thelmoﬁ: common. The Mallow grows
three or four Feet high. The Stalk is round,
thick, and ﬁrong. The Leaves are roundilh,
but indented and divided at the Edges. The
Flowers are numerous, large, and red. The
Root is long and white, of a ﬁrm, tough Sub—
ﬁance, and not difagreeable Talle.

The whole Plant is ufed, but the Root has molt
Virtue. The Leaves dried, or lrelh, are put in
Decoftions for Glitters; and the Root may be.
dried, for it retains a great deal of Virtue, but it
is belt frefh, and fhould be chofen when there are
only Leaves growing from it, not a Stalk. It is
to be boiled in Water, and the Decoétion may be
made very ﬁrong, for there is nothing difagree—
able in the Taﬁe : It is to be drank in Qiantities,
and is excellent to promote Urine, and to take off
the Strangury. It is good alfo in the fame Man—
ner, againt’t {harp Humours in the Bowels, and
for the Gravel.

There is a little Kind of Mallow, that has
whitifh Flowers, and lies ﬂat upon the Ground.
This is of a more pleafant T alte, than the com-
mon Mallow, and has the fame Virtues. A Tea
made of thelRoots and Tops of this, is very
agreeable to the Taf’te, and is excellent for pro-
moting the Difcharges by Urine.

MARSH

DO

 

 

772:2 Ufeful me'bz Heréal. i2 29

IMARSH MALLOWX
A L T H IE A. .
Tall wild Plant, of the Mallow kind, fre—
quent with us about {alt Marfhes, and the
Sides of Rivers where the Tides come. It grows
to four Feet in Height. The Stalk is round,
upright, thick, and fomewhat hairy. The Leaves
are large, broad at the Bafe, fmall at the Point,
of a Figure approaching to triangular, and in-
dented round the Edges: They are of a whitiﬂa
green Colour, and foft to the Touch like Velvet.
The Flowers are large and white, with fometimes
a faint Bluih of rcdiih. They are of the fame
Size and Shape with thofe of the common Mal»

low; ,

The Root is molt ufed. It is white, long,
and thick, of an inﬁpid Taﬁe, and full of a
mucilaginous Juice. Boiled in Vv'ater, and the
Decoétion made ﬁrong, it is excellent to pro-
mote-Urine; and bring away Gravel, and [mall
Stones; it alfo cures Stranguries, and is good in
Coughs. Its Virtues are the fame with thofe of
the common Mallow, but in a greater Degree.

VERVAIN MALLow.
A L C E A.

Very beautiful Plant, both in its Flower and

“ Manner of Growth, common in Failures,
and worthy to be cheriihed in our Gardens. It
grows two Feet high. The Stalks are round,
moderately thick, a little hairy, and very upright.
The lower Leaves are rounded, and divided ﬂight—
ly at the Edges : Thofe on the Stalk are cut in—
to very iinall Parts, and in a very beautiful Man-
ner. The Flowers are of a very bright R 5d, and
Q 3 are

‘1‘, “.1 ”it‘s... _. , .
, ., h”.\,AH-u)‘J-.l‘. .

  

2 30 ~ ﬁle U/éful Farm!) _Her5cz?.

are three Times as large as thofe of the common
Mallow, and very beautiful. The Seeds are dif:
pofed in the fame circular Manner, as in the com—
mon Mallow. The Root is white.

. The Root is the Part ufed. It has the fame
Virtue with that of the common Mallow, but in
alefs Degree. The Leaves alfo have the fame
.‘Virtue, and are very pleafant taken in‘Tea.

MUSK MALLow.
BAMIA MOSCHATA,

A Plant, not unlike the Vervain Mallow in its
Afpect, but a Native only of the hotter
Countries. It is two Feet high. The Stalk is
ﬁngle, round, thick, hairy, and upright. The
lower Leaves are roundilh, only indented a little
at the Edges -, the upper ones are divided into ﬁve
Parts, pretty deeply.~ The Flowers are of the
Shape of thofe of the common Mallow, and are
‘ large, but their Colour is yellow. The Seed is
contained in along Hulk, or Cafe, and is of a
Kidney—like Shape, and of a fweet perfumed
Smell. .
The Seed is the only Part ufed, and that very
rarely. It is {aid to be good againﬁ the Head—ach,
' but we feldom meet with it frelh enough, to have
any Virtue. '

M A N D R A K E.
M A N D R A G O R A.
A Plant, about which there have been a Multi~

tude of Errors, but in which, there is in reas
lity, nothing fo ﬁngular as pretended. There are
properly fpeaking, two Kinds of Mandrake; the
one with round Fruit, and broad Leaves, called
the Male ; the other with oblong Fruit, and nar~
rower

 

g1; .

Ybe Uﬁful famibw Heréal. 2 3 I
rower Lea'vcs, called the Female: Their Virtues
are the fame, but the Male” is generally preferred.
They are Natives \of Italy, where they grow in
Woods, and on the Banks of Rivers: We keep '
them in Gardens -, "but they grow there as freely
as if native. ' , .

The Mandrake has no Stalk. The Leaves rife
immediately from the Root, and they are very
large: They are 3 Foot long, four Inches broad
in the Middle, and of a dulky green Colour, and
bad Smell. The Flowers {land upon Foot Stalks,
of four Inches high, ﬂender, and hairy, and rife:
ing immediately from the Root: Thele Flowers
are large, of a dingy purplilh Colour, and of a
very bad Smell. The Fruit which follows, is of
the Bignefs and Shape of a fmall Apple, or like a
ﬁnall Pear, according to the Male or Female Kind:
This is yellow when ripe, and is alfo of a very
bad Smell. The Root is long and thick, it is
largef’t at the Head, and fmaller all the way down -,
fometimes it is divided into tWo Parts, from the
Middle downwards, if a Stone have lain in the
Way, or any other Accident occaﬁoned it; but
ufually it is lingle. This is the Root, which is
pictured to be like the human Form; it is
when ﬁngle, no more like a Man than a Carrot
or a Parfnip is, and when by fome Accident it is
divided, ’tis no more like, than any long Root,
which happens to have met the fame Accident;
T hole. Roots which are lhown about for Money,
and have the Head, Limbs, and Figure, of a
human Form, are made f0 by Art, and they fel—
dom ufe the real NIandrake Root for that Pur-
pofe : They are often made of white Briony Root,
fometimes of Angelica. The People cut them
into this Shape, and put them into the Ground
again, where they will be fometimes in Part co-
vered with a new Bark, and f0 look natural. All

Q4 thy

 

 

2 3 2 The Uﬁfu/ Family Heréal.
the Story that they fhriek, when they are pulled
up, and they ufe a Dog to draw them out of the
Ground, becaufe it is fatal to any Perfon to do it,
and the like, are idle, falfe, and groundlefs; cal~
culated only to furprife ignorant People, and get
Money by the Shew: There is nothing ﬁngular in
the Root of the Mandrake; and as to the Terms
of Male and Female, the two Kinds would be
better diﬁinguifhed, by calling the one, the
broader leaved Mandrake, with round Fruit, and
the other, the narrower leaved Mandrake, with
oval Fruit. There are Plants which are feparate~
ly Male and Female, as Hemp, Spinach, the
Date Tree, and the like : But there is'nothing of
this Dii’tinftion in the lVIandrakes.

The frelh‘Root of Mandrake, is a violent Me-
dicine; it operates both by Vomit and Stool,
and few Conf’titutions are able to bear it. The
Bark of the Root dried works by Vomit alone,
but very roughly. The Fruit may be eaten, but
it has a ﬂeepy Quality, though not f’trong. The
,Le’aves are ufed in F omentations and Pultices, to
allay Pains in Swellings, and they do very well.

Moi’t of the idle Stories concerning the Man—
drake, have taken their Origin, from its being
named in Scripture. And from the Account there
given of it, fome have imagined, it would make
Women fruitful 3 but this Plant does not feem to
be the Thing intended by the \Vord, nor has it
any fuch Virtues. What the Vegetable is, which
is named in the Scripture, and tranflated Mam
drake, We do not know. '

SWEET

77.18 U ﬂful Family Haifa]; ‘2 3 3

‘ SWEET MARJORAM,
MAJORANA.

A Common Garden Plant, of no great Beauty,
but kept for the fake of its Virtues and Ufe.
It is a Foot high. The Stalks are ﬁrm, upright,
and a little hairy. The Leaves are broad, fhort,
and fomewhat hairy, of a pale green Colour, and
not indented at the Edges, and of a ﬁne Smell.
At the Tops of the Branches, ﬁand a Kind of
foft fcaly Heads, three Qiarters of an Inch long,
and from thefe grow the Flowers, which are {mall
and white. The Seeds are very ﬁnal]; and the
Root is ﬁbrous. The whole Plant has a ﬁne
Smell. ‘ '

The whole Plant is to be ufed frefh; and it is
belt taken by way of Infuﬁon. It is good againﬁ
the Head—rich, and Dizzinefs, and all the inferior
Order of nervous Complaints; but they talk idly
who call it a Remedy for Apoplexies. It gently
promotes the Menfes, and opens all Obﬁruétions.
The dried Herb may be given for the fame Put-
pofe in Powder, but it does not fucceed {0 well.

VVILD MARJORAMn
ORIGANUM.

A \Vild Plant, frequent about W ay-lides, in
‘ many Places, but fuperior to the other in
Beauty and in Virtues. It very well deferves a‘
Place, on'both Accounts, in our Gardens. It
grows; a Post and a half high. The Stalk is ﬁrm,
very upright, a little hairy, and of a purplilh
brown Colour, extremely regular in its Growth.
The Leaves are broad and Ihort, of the Bignefs
of one’s Thumb Nail, and of a dark green Co-
lour; two ﬁand at every Joint, and they have

long «

234. We Uﬂfu/ Family ‘Heréal.

long Foot Stalks. ' The Flowers grow on the
Topsof the Branches: There l’cand on thefe
long fcaly Heads, of a beautiful Form, and purple
Colour; and from diﬁerent Parts of thofe, arife
the Flowers, which. are little, but of a beautiful-
red Colour. The whole Plant has a fragrant Smell,
and an aromatic Taf’te. .

The frelh Tops of the Herb are to be ufed.
They are belt taken in Infuﬁon : They {trengthen
the Stdmach, and are good againl’t habitual Cho—
lics: They are alfo good in Head-achs, and in
all nervous Complaints; and they open Obftruc-
tions, and are good in the Jaundice, and to pro-
mote the Menfes. Chymifts fell what they call
Oil of Origanum, but its commonly an Oil made
from Garden Thyme, it is very acrid: A Drop of
.it put upon Lint, and laid to an aching Tooth,
often gives Eafe.

CRETIC MARJORAM.
ORIGANUM CRETICUM.

ABeautiful Plant, of the wild Marjoram Kind,

frequent wild in the Bait, and kept in
our Gardens. It grows a Foot high. The
Stalks are fquare, upright, and brown. The
Leaves are oblong and broad: They are of a
whitifh Colour, . and ﬁand on long Foot Stalks:
There grow fcaly Heads at the Tops of the
Branches, as in the other Kinds, and from thefe
burlt out the Flowers, which are little and white.
‘ The Tops are the Part ufed: Our Druggifts
keep them dry; but they generally have loft f0
much of their Virtue, that the frelh Tops of our
,own wild Marjoram, or the dried ones of the lal’t
Seafon, are better.

MARY-

.‘ g
5%.
"3

 

) ‘ ‘ I

ﬁe Uﬁfzélf‘dﬁzigy Haida}. - T23.5

MARIGQLD.
CALENDUL‘A.

A Plant too common in our Kitchen Gardens,
, x to need much Defcription. It is a Foot high.
The Stalks are thick, angulated, and hot yery up-
right. The Leaves are long, narrow at the Bale,
and broader toward the End. The Flowers are
large and yellow, and they ﬁand at the Tops of
the Branches. The Whole Plant is of a pale blu~
ifh green Colour, and 'feels clammy. The Root: ,
is ﬁbrous. v
A Tea made of the frefh gathered Flowers of
Marigold, picked from the Cups, is good in Fee'-
vers : It gently promotes Perfpiration, and throws
out any Thing that ought to appear on the Skin;

The MASTIC TREE.
LENTISCUS..

A Native of the warmer Countries, but not 1111.'

common in our Gardens. It grows to the
Bignefs of our Apple Trees, and is as irregular .
in the Difpoﬁtion of its Branches. They are co-
vered with a greyifh Bark, and are brittle. The
Leaves are compofed, each of about four Pairs of
fmall ones, without any odd Leaf at the End :‘
They are afﬁxed to a Kind of Rib or Pedicle,
which has a Film running down it, on each Side.
They are oblong, narrow, and pointed at the
Ends. The Flowers are little, and yellowiﬂi;
and they grow in Tufts. The Fruit is a bluifh
Berry. '

We ufe the Relin which drops from the wound~
ed Branches of this Tree. The Tree itfelf is
common in Franz, and Italy, but it yields no Re-
;lin there; we have that from Greece; It is whitiih,

hard,

‘2 3 6.. flag UfefulFamz‘b: Head:

hard, and in little Lumps. It is good for all
nervous Diforders, and aéts alfo as a Balfam.
There is fearce any Thing better for a Spiting of
Blood, or in’ the ﬁrlt Stage of a Confumption:
It is alfo good againlt the Whites, and in the
Gleets, after Gonorrhoeas. Some haVC a C ui‘tom of
chewing it, to preferve the Teeth and fweeten
the Breath.

HER-B MASTIC.
MARUM.

A Pretty little Plant, Native only of the warmer
Climates, but common in our Gardens. It is a
FOOt high, and the Stem and principal Branches
are fhrubby or woody in their _ Texture: The
ﬁnaller Shoots, are whitilh. The Leaves grow
two at each Joint: They are little, oblong, and
pointed; of a pale Colour, and fragrant Smell
like Mattie, reﬁnous, and very agreeable. At
the Tops of the Stalks, Rand a Kind of downy,
or hairy Spikes or Ears, of a peculiarly odd Ap-
pearance, and from out of thefe come the Flowers,
which are little and white. The Root is fmall.

The whole Plant is ufed dry. It may be given
in Infulion, or in Powder : It is a good Streng-
thener of the Stomach, and an Aﬁringent. It
ﬂops the Overﬂowings of the Menfes : The Pow~
der of the Tops is belt given for this Purpofe in
red Wine, 21 Scruple for a Dofe.

SYRIAN MASTIC THYME.
MARUM SYRIACUM.

Beautiful little Plant, Native of the warm
Countries, but not unfrequent in our Gardens.

It grows 21 Foot high. The Stalks are brittle,
iiender, and whitiih. . The Leaves Ptand two at
each

 

7796 Uﬂzful 1322772157}: Heréal. 2. 37

each Joint: They are fmall, in Shape very like
thofe of Thyme, and of a pale'green Colour on
the upper Side, and white and hoary underneath.
The Flowers are fmall and red: They grow in a
Kind of little Spikes, or oblong Clui’ters at the
Tops of the Stalks, and have hoary white Cups.
The whole Plant has a very penetrating, but plea—
fant Smell, and an aromatic Tafie. Cats are fond
of this Plant, and will rub it to Pieces in their
Fondnefs. It is good for all Diforders bf the
Head and Nerves: It may be given in Powder,
but the melt common Way, is to take it in Snuff.

MASTERWORT.
IMPERATORIA.~

AP'lant of no Beauty, kept in our Gardens for
its Virtue. It grows two Feet high. The
Stalks are round, ﬁriated, hollowed, upright,
not very I’trong. The Leaves are each compofed
of three ﬁnaller: They are of a dark'green C0--
lour, blunt at the Points, and indented about the
Edges. The Flowers are fmall and white: They
ﬁand in little Umbels at the Teps of the Branches.
The Roots are long, brown, divided, of aﬁrong
Smell, and a {harp aromatic Taf’te.

The Root is the Part ufed: It is good in Fe—
vers, in Diforders of the Head, and of the Sto-
mach and Bowels. It is bell; taken up frelh, and

iven in a light Infuﬁon: It promotes Sweat, and
is a better Medicine for that Purpofe, than molt
of the foreign Roots kept by Druggiﬁs.

MAUDLIN

238 7Z8 Uﬂfui Famibl Heréal.

NIAUDLIN.
AGERATUM.

\ ACommon Plant in our Gardens, not without

- Beauty, but kept more for its Virtues. It is
aFoot high. The Stalk is round, upright, ﬁrm,
ﬁnglé’, and of a pale Green. The Leaves are
very numerous, and they are longifh, narrow,
and ferrated about the Edges. The Flowers are
fmall and naked, conﬁﬁing only of a Kind of
Thrums; but they {land in a large Cluﬂer to-
gether, at the Top of the Stalk, in the manner
of an Umbel. The Whole Plant has a pleafant
Smell.

The whole is ufed, frefh or dried; but it is
beﬁ: frefh gathered. An Infuﬁon of it taken for
a Continuance of Time, is good againﬂ: Obﬁruc~
tions of the Liver: It operates by Urine.

STINKING MAvWEED.
COTULA FCETIDA.

A Common wild Plant in Corn Fields, and waft:
Grounds, with ﬁnely divided Leaves, and
White Flowers like Daizies. The Stalk is round
and Itriated. The Herb grows a‘ Foot high.
The Leaves are like thofe of Cammomile, only of
a blacker Green, and larger. The Flowers ﬁand
ten .or a Dozen near one another, at the Tops of
the Branches; but they grow feparate, not in a
Clufter. The Whole Plant has a ﬁrong Smell.

The Infuﬁon of the frefh Plant is good in all
hyﬁeric Complaints, and it promotes the Menfes.
The Herb boiled foft, is an excellent Pultice for
the Piles.

MEADOW

= . 94-351
’ It!

77:2 Uﬂfﬂl Family Herbal. , 2 39

MEADOW SWEET.
ULMARIA.

AWild Plant, frequent about the Sides of Ri~
vers, with divided Leaves, and beautiful
Tufts of white Flowers. It is four Feet high. '
The Stalk is round, ﬁriated, upright, ﬁrm, and
of a pale Green, or fometimes of‘ a purple Co-
lour. The Leaves are each compofed of about
three Pair of ﬁnaller, fet on a thick Rib, with an
odd Leaf at the End : They are of a ﬁne Green
on the upper Side, and whitiih underneath, and _
they are rough to the Touch. The Flowers are
{mall and white, but they ﬂand fo clofe, that the
whole Clufter looks like one large Flower. The
Seeds are fet in a twiﬁed Order. ‘

An lnfuﬁon of the frefh Tops of Meadow
Sweet, is an excellent Sweat, and it is a little
Aﬁringent. It is a good Medicine in Fevers, at—
tended with Purgings. It is to be given a gafon
once in two Hours.

The MECHOACAN PLANT.
MECHOACANA. \

AClimbing Plant, Native of the Wcﬂ-Iizdz'es.
' It is capable of running to a great Height,
when it can be fupported: It will climb to the
Tops of tall Trees. The Stalks are angulated,
ﬂender, green, and brittle; and when broken,
they yield a vaft Chiantity of an acrid, milky
Juice. The Leaves {land ﬁngly: They are broad,
and not very long, and of a beautiful Shape, ter~
minating in a Point. The Flowers are large, and
of the Shape of a Bell: They are of a deep
Purple on the Inﬁde, and of a pale Red without;

and

2 4.0 2733 U feful Family Heréql..

and the Seed—Velfels are large, as are alfo the
Seeds. The Root is whitifh, and very thick.

  

The Root is the Part ufed: Our Druggifts

keep it dry. It is in Slices, and is whitifh and
brittle. It is an excellent Purge, but there re-
quires a large Dofe to work tolerably; this has
occalioned its being much lefs ufed than worfe
Medicines, that operate more ﬂrongly, and can be
taken with lefs Difgul’t; but it is to be lamented,
that f0 little ufe is made of it.

The MEDLAR TREE.
ME 8 P I L U S.

A Common Tree in our Gardens. It is of the

Bignefs of an Apple Tree, and grows in the
fame irregular Manner: The Branches have
Thorns on them. The Leaves are longer and
narrower than in the Apple Tree, and they ter-
minate in a Point. The :Blofl‘oms are large and
white. The Fruit is roundifh, and open at the
Bottom: And till very much mellowed, is of an
auftere Taﬁe.

A f’trong Decoftion of unripe Medlars, is good
to {top violent Purgings. The Seeds work by
Urine, and are good againft the Gravel ; but there
are f0 many more powerful Things at hand, they
are feldom ufed.

MELILOT.
MELILOTUS.

Common wild Plant, with three Leaves at a
Joint, and long f’tracgling Spikes of yellow

D

Flowers. It is a Foot and a half high, or more. '

The Stalk is weak, (lender, green, and ﬁriated.
The Leaves are oblong, and blunt at the Ends :
They are {errated round. the Edges,‘ and of a

bright

thM". : .

7712‘ U/éfz‘il Famibz Heréal. 241

bright green, Colour. The Flowers are ﬁnall,
and of the Shape of the Flowers of Tares, but ~
little; and there follows each a roundifh Pod,
ro'ugh and green. The whole Plant has a ﬁngu~
lar, but not difagreeable Smell; and the Leaves
are the Food of f0 many Infeéts, that they are
commonly gnawn to Pieces.

The frefh Plant is excellent to mix in Pultices,
to be applied to Swellings. It was once famous
in a Plail‘ter, ufed for Dreﬂing of Blil’cers, but the
Apothecaries ufed to play f0 many bad Tricks, to
imitate the green Colour it was expected to give,
that the Plaifier is now made without it.

The MELON.
MELO.

Trailing Herb, with yellow Flowers, and.
large Fruit ; well known at our Tables. The
Plant grows to eight or ten Feet long, but is not
ereélz. The Stalks are angulatcd, thick, and of
a pale Green. The Leaves are large and broad,
fomewhat roundifh, and not deeply divided, as in
molt of the creeping Plants of this Sort. There
are Tendrils on the Stalk for its laying hold of
any Thing. The Flowers are very large, and
Open at the Mouth. The Fruit is oblong and
rough, more or lefs on the Surface, containing
Seeds, with a juicy Matter within. '
The Seeds are the Part ufed: They are cooling:
and work by Urine. They are beﬂ given in an
Emulﬁon, beat up with Barley Water: This is a
good Drink in F evers given warm.-

242 77M Uﬂzful Fan/12!}! Heréal.

The MEZEREON SHRUB.
MEZEREUM.

A Very pretty Shrub, Native of many Parts of
_ Europe, and frequent in our Gardens. It is
four Feet high, and very much branched. The
Branches {land irregularly, and they are very
tough and ﬁrm. The Leaves are oblong and
narrow : They grow in Cluﬁers from certain little
Swellings on the Bark. The Flowers are fmall
and red : They are hollow, and are fucceeded by
_ oblong Berries, which are black when ripe. The
Root is woody and creeping -, and the Plant is not
eaﬁly dellroyed, when once well ef’tablifhed.
The Bark of the Root, or the inner Bark of
' the Branches is to be uied; but it is a violent Me—
dicine, and muﬁ be given with great Caution, in
ﬁnallDofes, and only to thofe who have ﬁrong
Conﬁitutions. It will caufe Vomiting, and bloody
Stools to People that are tender, or to any, in
a large Dofe; but to robuﬁ People, it only acts
as a brifk Purge. It is excellent in Dropﬁes, and
other .ltubborn Diforders‘l, and the bel’t \Vay of
giving it, is in a light Intillion.

MILLRT.
MILLIUM.

Plant of the Grafs kind, large, upright, and
not without its Beauty. It is four Feet high.
The Stalk is round, hollow, jointed, thick, and
ﬁrm. The Leaves are long and broad, of a pale
Green, and hairy. The Flowers and Seeds grow
at the TOp of the Stalk, in a vafl: Cluf’ter, f0 heavy
that the Head ufual‘ly hangs down: They are al-
together of the Grafs kind. The Flowers are in‘
conﬁderuble

7Z8 U ﬂf a] Family Heréal. 2 4, g
conﬁderable, and the Seeds fmall, hard, and
white. ‘ p

The Seeds are ufed fometimes in the manner of
Barley, so make a Drink, which is good in Fe-
vers, and againi’t Heat of Urine; it is alfo a
little Aﬁringent. The Grain is eaten alfo as
Barley.

MILKWORT.
POLYGALA.

ACommon little Plant upon our Heaths, and
in dry Pa‘ltures, with numerous Leaves and
blue orwhite Flowers, (for this is a Variety and
caufed by Accidents) difpofed in loofe Spikes.
The Rom is long, and divided into feVeral Parts,-
the Stalks are very numerous, and very much
branched, they are {lender and weak, and they
fpread themiielves upon the Ground, forming a
little green Tuft. There is great Variety in the
Appearance of the Plant, beﬁde what has been
already named in the Colour of the F lower; nor
is that indeed the only Variation there: So that
it has been divided into two or three Kinds by
fome Writers, but as all thefe will rife from the
fame Seed, and only are owing to the Soil
and Expofure, the Plant is without Doubt the
fame in every Appearance, and its Virtues are the
fame in which ever State it is taken. When it
grows in barren Places, the Stalks are not more
than three or four Inches in Length, and*the
Leaves are very numerous, ﬂlOI‘t, and of an oval
Figure. The Flowers are in this Cafe fmall‘vand
blue, fometimes whitilh, {triated with blue, and
‘ fomctimes intirely white. When the Plant grows
in afomewhat more favourable Soil, the Leaves
are oblong, and narrow, pointed at the Ends, and
of a beautiful Green, the Stalks are ﬁveor ﬁx

R 2 Inch@

244, ”a Uﬂful Family Heréc‘zl.
Inches long, and the Flowers in this Cafe are
commonly blue, and this is the moﬁt ordinary
State of the Plant. When it grows in very favou-
rable Places, as upon the Damp-ﬁde of a Hill,
where there are Springs, and among the tall
Grafs, then its Leaves are longer, its Stalks more
robui’t and more upright, and its Flowers are
red. Thefe are the feveral Appearances of this
little Plant, and it is all one in which of them it
is taken. The Root is often of a conﬁderable
Thicknefs, and ﬁngle, but it is more ufually di~
vhaimm.mmMW;kiswﬁﬁm,mmofaﬁﬁ-
greeable acrid Tafte.

This Plant had paiTed unregarded as to any
medicinal Ufe, till Dr. Tcmzerzt brought into Eng—
land the Senekka Root famous in ﬂmerica againﬂ:
the Effects of the Bite of the Rattle Snake, and
found here to be of Service in Pleuriﬁes: But
when it was found, that this was the Root of a.
Kind of Milkwort, not very different from our
own, we tried the Roots of our own Kind, and
found them effe€tual in the fame Cafes, as to the
poifonous Bites of a Serpent, they are f0 uncom~
mon here, that we need n0t regard that Part of
the (Qialities, but we ﬁnd it good in the other
Diforder, and in all Difeafes in which the Blood is
thick and ﬁzy. The freih Root is beﬁ, but it
has not its full Virtue except in Spring, when the
Stalks are jui’t ihooting out of the Ground, for this
Reafon it is mof’t proper to take it up at that
Time, and dry it for the Service of the Year.
When freih, it is heft given in Infuﬁon: But when
dried, it is kept in Powder.

SPEAK

"‘ﬂs

“‘ l

726’ U/éful Famiiy Herédl. "24. 5

SPEAR MINT.
MENTHA VULGARIS.

ACommon Plant in our Gardens, and of fre-

quent Ufe in the Kitchen. It is two Feet
high, the Stalks are fquare, ﬁngle, upright, ﬁrm,
and of a pale Green. The Leaves f’cand two at
a Joint; they are long, narrow, of a blackilh
Green, ferrated at the Edges, and {harp-pointed.
The Flowers are fmall and‘purple; and they ﬁand
in long Spikes, in a beautiful Manner. The whole
Plant has a fragrant Smell, and a pleafant aroma-
tic Tafte.

The whole Plant is ufed, frefh or dried, and is
excellent againﬁ Diforders of the Stomach. It
it will ﬂop Vomiting, and create an Appetite ;
it is beft given in the ﬁmple diﬁilled Water, WC”
made, or elfe in the Form of Tea. The freﬂ)
Herb bruifed, and applied outwardly to the Sto-
mach, will ﬂop Vomitings.

WATER .MIN’T.
MINTHA AQUATICA.

Common wild Plant of the Mint Kind, not f0
much regarded as it deferves. It is frequent

by Ditch Sides. It is at Foot and half high. The
Stalks are fquare, upright, ﬁrm, and fhong, and
generally of a brown Colour : The Leaves are
broad and lhort, they ﬁand two at a Joint, and
are of a brownilh or deep green Colour, fomewhat
hairy, and ferrated about the Edges. The Flowers
are larger than thofe of common Mint, and are
of a pale red Colour; they ﬁand in round thick
Clufters at the Tops of the Stalks, and round the
Upper Joints. The whole Plant has a ﬁrong
Smell, not difagreeable, But’ of a mixed Kind be-—
' R 3 tween

24.6, We Uﬂzful Family Heréal.

tween that of Mint, and Penny—royal: And the
Taﬁe is l’trong and acrid, but it is not to be cal—
led difagreeable.

Adil’tilled Water of this Plant is excellent 9.-
gainl‘c Cholics, Pains in the Stomach and Bowels,
and it will bring down the Menfes. A ﬁngle
Dofe of it often cures the Cholic. The Ufe of
Pepper—Mint has excluded this kind from the pre—
fent Practice, but all three ought to be ufed. Where
a ﬁmple Weaknefs of the Stomach is the Com-
plaint, the common Mint {hould be ufed; when
cholicky Pains alone, the Pepper Mint; and where
Suppreﬂions of the Menfes, are in the Cafe, this
wild WatenMint: They may all be given in the
Way of Tea, but a ﬁmple Water diﬁilled from
them, and made fufliciently ﬁrong, is by much
.the molt efﬁcacious.

REPPER MINT.
MENTHA PIPERATA.

A Plant kept in our Gardens, but much more
refembling the wild Mint laft defcribed, than
the Spear Mint, both in Form and Qialities. It
grows two Feet and a half high. The Stalk is
fquare and ﬁrm, Upright, and of a pale Green;
the Leaves {land twoia‘teach Joint: They are
broad, nOt very long, of a ﬂ ”Green, and fer—
rated deeply at the Edges. T ~"e‘ Flowers grow
in thick Spikes, but not very long ones, they are
large, and of a pale Red. The whole Plant has
an agreeable quick Smell, and a hot Tafte like
Pepper, but not difagreeable. ,

The whole Plant is ufed frefh or dried, but
the beft Way is to give the diﬁilied Water. It
cures the Cholic often almoﬂiinﬁ'antaneouﬂy, and
it is good againlt the Gravel.

LONG

773a Uﬁful FamzZy Heréal. 24.7

LONG LEAVED WILD MINT.‘
ME‘NTHASTRUI‘VI.

ASingular Wild Plant, of the Mint Kind, bu't
not without its Beauty; it is two Feet high,
and grows with great Regularity. The Stalk is
fquare, ﬁrm, and of a pale Green, very upright,
and at the Top full of young Shoots. The Leaves
are long and narrow; they are of a whitiih Green,
deeply indented about the Edges, and pointed at
the Ends: The Flowers {tand in Spikes, at the
Tops of the young Shoots; they are pale, ,red
and large, and very numerous. The whole Plant
has a ﬁrong Smell.

The whole Plant is ufed frefh or dried, and is
to be given in Way of Tea, for the dii’tilled Wa-
ter is difagreeable. It ﬁrengthens the Stomach,
and promotes the Menfes. It is in this lattzr
Refpect a very valuable Medicine, but the Ufe of
it muff be continUed fome Time.

The MYRTLE.
MYRTUS.

ALittle Shrub very beautiful in its Manner of
Growth, 3. Native of Italy, but common in
our Gardens. The Trunk is covered with a
rough brown Bark. The Branches are numerous,
ﬂender, tough, and redifh. The Leaves are very
beautiful, they are fmall, fhort, of a ﬁne Green,
pointed at the Ends, not ferrated at the Edges,
and they Rand in great Numbers, and in a beau—
tiful Order upon the Branches. The Flowers
ﬁand on fhort Foot—Stalks; they are large, white,
and full of Threads: The Fruit is a round black
Berry, as large as the biggef’c Pea, and has a
Crown at the Top. The Leaves when bruifed

have an extremely fragrant Smell. The Shrub
R 4. will

 

3 -~. xjivwgwwn'r -

248 7716 Uﬁful Family Heréal.

will bear our Climate better than is imagined, there
are, in fome Places Hedges, of it ﬁve or ﬁx Feet
high, that {land the Winters, without the leaf:
Hurt.

The Leaves and Berries of the Myrtle are ufed,
they are cordial and aﬁringent. A {’trong Infuﬁon'
of the frefh Leaves is good againlt a ﬂight Purg-
ing, ﬁrengthning the Stomach at the fame Time
that it removes the Complaint. The dried Leaves

owdered, are excellent againft the Whites. The
Berries are good againﬂ bloody Fluxes, Overﬂow-
ings of the Menfes, and in Spitting of Blood.

MISLETOE.
VISCUS.

A Singular Plant, Native of our own Country,
but growing not on the Earth as other Herbs,
but upon the Branches of Trees; on which it
makes a very confpicuous Figure. It grows two
Feet high, and its Branches are f0 numerous, and
fpread in fuch a Manner, that the whole Plant is
as broad as tall, and appears a round yellow Tuft
of that Diameter, quite unlike to the Tree on
which it grows, in Fruit, Leaves, and Bark. The
main Stem is half an Inch Diameter, the Branches
divide always by two’s, and they eaﬁly break at
the Joints or Diviﬁons. The Bark is throughout
of a yellowifh Colour, though with fome Mixture
of green on the young Shoots ;.the Leaves are
alfo yellowifh, they grow two at each Joint : They
are ﬂefhy, oblong, ’narrowelt at the Bottom, and
broader toward the Top. The Flowers are yel—
low, but they are fmall and inconﬁderable; the
Fruit is a white Berry, round, and of the Bignefs
of a Pea, this is full ofa tough, clammy Juice.

'llllil

We Ufeful Famify Herbal. 24.9

The Leaves of Milletoe dried and powdered
are a famous Remedy for the falling Sieknefs.
They are good in all nervous Diforders, and have
been known to perform great Cures taken for a
Continuance of Time.

The INDIAN MYROBALAN TREE.
MY'ROBALANUS INDICA-

ATree Native of the warmer Climates, and not
yet got into our Gardens. It grows to twenty
Feet high. The Branches are numerous, and very
irregularly difpofed. The Leaves are long and
narrow: The Flowers are white, and like the Blof-
foms of our Plum—Trees ; and the Fruit refembles
a Plum, oblong and ﬂefhy, with a long Stone or
Kernel, but the Fruit is generally gathered before
the Stone hardens, to that it feems to have none.
We ufed to have the Fruit brought over, and
it was given as a Purge, but at prefent none re-
gard it. There are alfo four Others of the fame
ind, the Names of which we fee in Books of Me-
dicine, but the Fruits are not to be met with,
nor is it much Lofs, for we have better Things to
anfwer their Purpofes. They were called the Cia
trine, Chebule, Belleric, and Emblec Myroba~
laus, they are all ufed as Purges, but common
Sena is worth them all.

MOONWORT.
LUNARIA.

Very ﬁngular and very pretty Plant, frequent

in fome Parts of the Kingdom, but in moﬁ
very fcarce. It grows ﬁx Inches high; and con-
ﬁﬁs of the Stalk one Leaf and the Flowers. The
Stalk is round, ﬁrm, and thick. It is naked to
the Middle, and there grows the Leaf, which is
- \ compofed

250 7796 U/Efzzl Family Heréal. ~

compofed as it were of feveral Pairs of {mall ones,
or rather is a whole and lingle Leaf divided deeply,
f0 as to refemble a Number of. fmaller; thefe are
rounded and hollowed, andt-hence came its Name
of Moonwort; from the Bali: of this Leaf, the
the Stalk is continued up an Inch or two, and
then rife the Cluf’ters of Flowers and Seeds, thefe
are v'e‘ry fmall, and like Dull, and of a brown
Colour. The Leaves of Moonwort dried and
given in Powder, {top Purgings, and the Over-
ﬂowings of the Menfes. The frefh Plant bruifed
and laid to a Cut, ﬂops the Bleeding, and heals
it in a Day or two.

HAIRY TREE Moss.
USNEA.

Very lingular Plant, of‘ the Mofs Kind, fre-
quent in our large Forefts, but rare elfewhere

it grows to the Branches of old Oaks and Bulhes,
and hanors down from them in long Strings. The
Tufts o? it are often a Foot long, and in the
whole two or three Inches thick, they are com-
pofcd of a great Qiantity of Stalks and Branches,
the largef’c not bigger than a large Packthread;
thefe are of a grey Colour, and are compofed of
a loft Bark, and a ﬁrm white Fibre within, this
Bark is often cracked, and the Branches appear
jointed, the {mall Fibres of the Plant refemble
Hairs: On the larger grow at certain Seafons, little
hollow brown Bodies. . Thefe contain the Seeds,
but they are too minute to be diftinguilhed ﬁngly.
The whole Plant is dry, and fapleis as it grows,
and has not the leal‘t Appearance of Leaves upon .
it.

The Ufeful Family Heréal. 2 5 I

The Powder of this Mofs, is an excellent Af—
tringent; it is to be dried in an Oven, and beat
in a Mortar: The white Fibres will remain, when
the foft Part has gone through the Sieve, they are
of no Ufe, the other has all the Virtue. It is
good againft the Whites, againft Overﬂowings
of the Menfes, and bloody Fluxes, and againﬁ:
Spitting of Blood, it deferves to be much more«
regarded, than it is in the prefent PraC‘tice. The
Dofe is half a Dram.

CUP Moss.
MUSC'US PYX‘IDATUS.

ACommon little Plant on Ditch Banks, by .
Wood Sides, and in dry barren Places. It
conﬁﬁs of a thin Coat of a leafy Matter, fpread.
upon the Surface of the Ground, and of a kind
of little Cups riﬁng from it. The leafy Part is
dry and without Juice, divided into feveral Por-
tions, and thefc‘ irregularly notched; it is grey or
greenifh on the upper Side, and whitilh underneath.
The Cups are half an Inch high. They have
each a thick Stem, and an open Mouth, and ra—
ther refemble a clumfy drinking Glafs, than a
Cup. They are of a grey Colour, often with
fome odd Mixture of green, of a duf’ty Surface,
fometimes they grow one from the Edge of ano-
ther, up to the third or fourth Stage: They have
alfo many other accidental Varieties -, and. {ome-
times they bear little brown Lumps, which are
fuppofed to contain the Seeds.

The whole Plant is to be ufed, it is to be taken
frefh from the Ground, {hook clean, and boiled
in Water, till the Decoftion be ‘ very ﬁrong;
then there is to be added as much Milk as there
is of the Liquor, and it is to be fweetened with
Honey. It is an excellent Medicine for Childrens

Coughs:

2 5 2 72a Uﬁfu/ Family Heréal.

. Coughs: It is recommeded particularly in that
‘ called the Chincough.

COMMON GROUND Moss.

MUSC US TERRE‘STRIS VUL~
GARIS.

A Pretty but very fmall Plant. It creeps on
the Ground, or rifes in Tufts two or three
Inches high, according to the Place. The Stalks
are very ﬂender, but they are thick covered with
Leaves, and their Branches are difpofed in fuch a
Manner, that they in fome Degree refemble F em.
The Leaves ar: very fmall, of a triangular Shape,
and of a bright Green ; they l’tand loofely on the
lower Part of the Stalks, but on the upper, they
lie clofe and cover them. It very rarely produ~
ces its Seeds ; but when it does, there rife naked
and very ﬂender Pedicles an Inch long from the
Bofoms of the Leaves, and at the TOP of each of
thefe, i’tands a little oblong Head, of a brownifh
red Colour, covered with aCap like an Extin—
guifher in Shape, and full of a ﬁne green Bull.
The whole Plant is ufed, it is to be dried and
powdered, and is given with Succefs againf’t Over—
" ﬂowings of the Menfes, and all Bleedings, it ‘is
alfo good againﬁ the Whites.

Moss or AN HUMAN SKULL;
MUSCUS EX CRANIO HUMANO.

THERE is not any particular Kind of Mofs
that grows upon the human Skull, nor does

any Mofs by growing upon it acquire any parti—
cular Virtues, whatever fancyful People may have
imagined. In England, we commonly ufe the
Mofs juft defcribed, when it happens to run over
an human Skull, that has been laid by Accident,
. or

W i:

7723 Ujéful 174772sz Heréal. 2 5 3
or has been laid on Purpofe in its Way: In other
Places, they Ufe the Sort of white. Mofs, that
grows upon our old Apple—trees. Both thefe are
in their own Nature Aﬂringents, but they are
as good if taken from Trees, or off the Ground,
as if found upon thefe Bones. They have been
fuppofed good againﬂ: Diforders of the Head,

when gathered from the Skull, but this is all
F anfy. ’

MoTHER 0F THYME.
S E R P Y L L UM.
ACommon wild little Plant, but very pretty,

very fragrant, and of great Virtues. It grows
in little Tufts by Way-ﬁdes, and on dry Hillocks ;
the Staks are round, ﬂender, redilh, and ﬁx or
eight Inches long, but they do not ﬁand upright.
The Leaves are very fmall, and of an oval Figure,
they grow two at each Joint, and they are fmooth,
and of a bright Green. The Flowers are of a
pale red, and {land in little Tufts at the T0ps of
the Stalks, the whole Plant has a very fragrant
Smell, and an aromatic and agreeable Taﬁe.

It is a better Medicine in nervous Cafes, than
molt that are ufed, the frefh ,Plant or dried, may
be drank as Tea, it is very agreeable to the Taﬁe,
and by a Continuance will cure all the common
nervous Diforders. The Nightmare is a very trou—
blefome Difeafe, and often puzzles the Phyﬁcian,
but it will be perfectly cured by a Tea made of
this Plant. »

NIOTHER-

2 54. Me Uﬂful FamiZy Heréal,

MOTHERWORT.
CARDIACA.

A Tall, and not unhandfome wild Plant. It
grows wild about Farm-yards, and in dry
Places. It is a yard high, the Stalk is lqiiare,
thick, upright, and ﬁrm. The Leaves {land on
long Foot—Stalks, two at each Joint. They are
divided into three Parts, the Middle one being
the longef’t, and are deeply indented at the Edges;
of a dark green Colour, and bad Smell. The
Flowers are of a pale Red : They grow in a Kind
of prickly Cups, frOm the Bofoms of the Leaves,
furrounding the Stalks. The Root creeps, and
is Whitilh.
The whole Plant may be ufed dried, but the
_ Tops freih cut are belt; they are to be given in‘
a f’tron’g Infulion or Decoétion. It is good againl’c‘
hyf’ceric Complaints, and it promotes the Menfes.
It is famous for curing the Palpitation of the Heart,
when that arifes from an liyﬂeric Caufe: For there
are Palpitations, which nothing can cure.

Mouse—EA R.
PIL OSELLA.
AN exceeding pretty little Plant, with whitilh‘

Leaves, and large bright yellow Flowers, fre-=
quent on our Ditch-Banks. The Leaves grow in
little Clufters, and are longilh and broad, of ‘a
dark Green on the upper Side, but white under-
neath, and f0 much of the under Part is ufua
ally feen, that the whole looks whitilh. The Stalks
trail upon the Ground, and take Root at every'
~ Joint : The Leaves have long Hairs upon them.
The Stalks which fupport the Flowers rife ﬁngle.
They are hairy, they have no Leaves, and each

2 bears

i772e Ufeful Family Heréal. .2 5 5

bears only one Flower, this Hands on the Top,
and is large, fomewhat of the Form of the Dan-
delion Flower, but of a beautiful pale Yellow.

The Seeds are winged with Down, and the
Stalks when broken yield a milky Juice, but in
no great Chlantity. The Plant has fcarce any
Smell, but an auftere bitterilh Taﬁe.

A Decoﬁion of the frefh gathered Herb is ex-
cellent againft the Bleeding of the Piles: And the
Leaves boiled in Milk, may be applied externally.
It is good alfo in the Overﬂowings of the Menfes,
and in all other Bleedings, and in the Whites.

MUGWORT.
ARTEMISIA.

Tall and not unhandfome Plant, frequent on
Ditch Banks, having divided Leaves and
Flowers like thofe of \‘Vormwood. It is a Yard
high or more: The Stalk is round, ﬁriated, often
purplifh, ﬁrm, upright, and branched. The
Leaves {land irregularly upon it, they are large,
and compoled of a Number of fmall Parts, which
are lharply indented and pointed. They are of a
dufky Green on the upper Side and white under-
neath. The Flowers are little and browniih, they
liand in ﬁnall Tufts all along the upper Parts of
the Branches, but they {land upright, whereas
thofe of Wormwood hang down. They often
have a Tinge of Purple before they are quite
opened, which adds greatly to the Beauty of the
Plant.

The Leaves of Mugwort are to be ufed frelh
or dried, they are belt given in Infulion, and they
are excellent to promote the Menfes, and againﬁ
all the common hylteric Complaints.

The

2 56 YZe U/éfu/ Family Herb].

The MULBERRY TREE.
MORUS.

Large and irregularly growing Tree, com-

mon in our Gardens. The Branches are nu~
merous and fpreading, the Leaves are very beau-
tiful, large, broad, of a bright Green, pointed at
the End, and delicately ferrated round the Edges.
The Flowers are fmall, and inconliderable: The
Fruit is fuﬂicientlv known, it is large, oblong,
juicy, and compofed of a great Number of ﬁnall
Granules: It is ufually black when ripe. But
there is a Kind withiwhite Fruit.

The Bark of the Root of the Mulberry Tree
frefh taken off and boiled in Water, makes an
excellent Decoélion againf’t the Jaundice, it opens
Obﬁruétions of the Liver, and works by Urine.
A very pleafant Syrup is made from the Juice of
- the ripe Fruit, with twice the Qlantity of Sugar.
It is cooling, and is good for fore Mo‘uths, and
to quench Thiri’t in F evers.

WHITE MULLIEN.
VERBASCUM ALBUM.

ATall and ﬁately wild Plant, {ingular for its
white Leaves, and long Spike of yellow
FIOWers and frequent on our Ditch Banks,‘ and in
dry Places. It grows ﬁx Feet high; the Leaves
riﬁng from the Root, are a F OOt long, as broad
as one’s Hand, {harp-pointed, ferrated about the
Edges, and covered with a white downy or wool—
ly Matter. The Stalk is thick, ﬁrm, and very .
upright, and is covered with fmaller Leaves of
the fame Kind : The Flowers are yellow and large,
they ﬁand in Spikes, of two Feet long, three or
four
:2

772a Uﬁfu/ Famtgy Heréal. 257
four only opening at a Time, the Seeds are ﬁnall
and brown, the Root is long and ﬂiagg‘y.

The Leaves are ufed, and thofe are bei’c which
grow from the Root, when there is no Stalk.
They are to be given in Decoé’tion againﬁ the
Overﬂowings of the Menfes, the BlOody F qu,
the Bleeding of the Piles, and Spitting of Blood ;
Boiled in Milk, they are alfo excellent by way of
Pultice to the Piles, and other painful Swellings.

MUSTARD;
SINAPI.

A Common rough looking Plant, Wild in many
Places, but kept alfo in Gardens, for the Sake

of the Seed. It grows a Yard high. The Stalk
is round, ﬁnooth, thick, and of apale Green ;
the Leaves are large, and of a coarfe‘ Green, deep-
ly indented, and placed irregularly, they hang
down, and have a difagreeable Afpeét. The
Flowers are fmall and yellow, they grow in great
Numbers on the Tops of the Branches, and the
Pods of the Seed follow them. The whole Plant
is of an acrid pungent Tai’te; The Root is white.

The Seeds are the Part ufed; what we call Mu-
ﬁard, is made of them, and it is very wholefome ; it“
{trengthens the Stomach, and procures an Appetite.
The Seed bruifed and taken in large Qiantities,
works by Urine, and is excellent againl’t Rheu;
matifms, and the Scurvy. It alfo promotes the
Menfes. Laid upon the Tongue it will fometimés”
refiore Speech in Palﬁes.

(I)

‘ TREAciE

258 773a Ufeful FamibiiHeréal. ‘

TREACLE MUSTARn.
THLASPI DISCORDIS.

ALittle wild Plant with broad Leaves, white

Flowers, and ﬂat Pods, common in dry
Places. It is eight Inches high, the Stalk is round,
and ﬁriated. The Leaves are oblong, and broad,
of a pale green Colour, and dentated round the
Edges. They grow irregularly or: the Stalks, and
have no F cot—Stalks. The Flowers are very
fmall, a little Tuft of them {tands at the Top of
the Stalk, and the Pods follow them, fo that the
ufual Appearance, when the Plant is in Flower,
is a fhort Spike of the Pods, with a little .Cluﬁer,
of Flowers on the Top ; the Pods are large, ﬂat,
roundifh, and edged with a leafy Border. The
Seeds are ﬁnal], brown, and of a hot T afte. The
Seed is the Part ufed, but our Druggii’ts gene~
rally fell the Seeds of the Garden-Crefs, in the
Place of it. It is not much regarded.

MITHRIDATE MUSTARD.
THLASPI INCANO FOLIO.

A Little wild Plant common in Corn Fields. It"

is of a Foot high, the Stalks are round, ﬁrm,
upright, and not much branched, the Leaves are
long, narrow, alittle hairy, and of a duiky Green.
The Flowers are ﬁnal] and white, and the Pods
which follow them, are roundifh and little, not
ﬂatted as in the former Kind, not furrounded with
a foliaceous Edge. The Leaves grow very thick
upon the Stalk, and each has as it were a Couple
of little ones at the Bafe.

The Seed of this is ufed alfo, at leaf’c in Name,
for the Crefs Seed ferves for both : The Matter is
not great, for they feem to have the fame Vir-

« - tues,

:1: 1;:

Ylve U ﬁfu/ Family Heréal.‘ , 2 59

tues, and neither is minded, except as Ingredients
in Compoﬁtions.

The MYRRH TREE.
MYRRHA.

ATree concerning which we have but very ima ,

perfect Accounts, and thofe not well warrants"
ed for genuine. All that we hear of it is, that
the Branches are numerous, and have Thorns on ,‘
them, that the Leaves are oblong, broad, and of
a {irong Smell, and that the Bark of the Trunk
is rough, and of a greyifh Colour.

The Gum Reﬁn called Myrrh, is Certainly pro-
cUred from fome Tree in the hot Countries, but
whether this be a true Defc'r'iptibn of that Tree,
there is no Certainty. The Gum itfelf is a very
great Medicine, it opens all Obf’truétions of the
Vifcera; is good in Confumptions, Jaundices, and
Dropﬁes; and is excellent for promoting the Men‘-
fes, and afﬁl’ting in the natural and neeeiTary Dif;
charges after Delivery : It is to be given in Powder,
the Tincture difTolves it but imperfectly; but this
is excellent againft Diforders of the Teeth and
Gums.

N,

S'WEET NAVEWo
NAPUS.

Plant kept in fome Gardens, and not unlike
the common Turnip in its Afpeét and Ap-
pearance. It grows a Yard high. The Stalk is
round, ﬁnooth, and of a pale Green. The Leaves-
8 2 ﬁand

26.0 722 Uﬁful Family Heréai.

Rand irrbgu-larly on it, and they are oblong,
broad at the Bafe, where they furroun‘d the Stalk,
and harrower all the Way to the Point. The
Leaves, which grow from the Root, are much '
larger, and deeply cut in at the Sides; and they
' are all of a pale or bluilh green Colour. The
Flowers are fmall and yellow, and the Pods are
IOng. The Seed is round and black. The Root
is white and large, and has the Taile, but not the
round Shape of the Turnip, for it is rather like a
Parfnip,

The Seeds are ufed, but not much. A Decoc-
tion of them is laid to promote Sweat, and to drive
any thing out to the Skin, but it does not feem
to deferve any great Regard.

WILD NAVEW.
BUNIAS.

THE Plant which produces what we call Rape~

Seed, and in fome Places Cole-Seed. Tho’
wild on our Ditch Banks; it is {own in fome
Places for the Sake of its Seed, from which an Oil
is made for mechanical Purpofes. The Plant is two
or three Feet high, the Stalk is round, upright,
fmooth, thick, ﬁrm, and of a pale Green, the
lower Leaves are long and narrow, very deeply
divided at the Edges, and of a pale or bluifh
green Colour. Thofe on the Stalk are of the
fame Colour, but fmall, narrow, and little divided:
‘The Flowers are ﬁnall and of a bright Yellow.
The Pods are long, and the Seeds are round, large,
and black, they are of fomewhat hot, and ﬂiarp
Taf’te. The Seeds are ufed for the fame Purpofes ~
as the other, and are fuppofed to have more Vir-
tue, but probably neither have much.

2,
Come

YZe- Uﬁful Fzzmz'[y Hark}. 26;

*Comc NARI). ‘

NARDUSV CELTICA.

A Little Plant of the Valerian Kind, frequent'in

" many Parts of Europe, but not a Native of
Ehgland. It is ﬁxor eight Inchesin Height, the
Stalks are round, ftriated, and greenilh: The Leaves
the Bottom, are oblong, narrow at the Bafe, and
rounded at the End, and of a yellowilh green. Co-
lour. Thofe on the Stalks ﬁand in Pairs, they
are {mall and deeply cut; the Flowers {land in a
little Clufter at the Top of the Stalk; they are
— {mall and white, the Root is long, Ilender, and
creeping.

The Root is the Part ufed, our Druggiﬂ's keep
it dry, It is. belt taken in Infuﬁon. It operates
by Urine, and in fome Degree by Sweat, but that
Very moderately, it is commended in F evers and
in the Jaundice.

NETTLL
URTICA.

Plant too common to need much Defcription.

It is three Feet high, the Stalks are angu—
lated and rough ; the Leaves are large, and of a
beautiful Shape, regularly from a broad Bafe
diminilhing toa {harp Point, and nicely ferrated
round the Edges; the Colour of thefe and of the
Stalks, is a dulky Green, and they are both co-
vered with a Kind of Prickles, which eaﬁly make
their Way into the Skin, and have at their Bafe,
a hollow Bag of {harp Juice, which gets into the
Wound, occaﬁoning that Swelling in Inﬂamma—
tion and Pain that follows. The naked Eye may
diﬁinguilh thefe Bags at the Bottom of the Prickles
on the Stalk of a full grown Nettle, but 21 Mi—
erofcope fhews them all over. The Flowers of
~ S 3 . the

at:

 

262 We Uﬁfzil Family Heréal.

the Nettle are yellowifh, little, and inconﬁderable,
the Seeds are fmall, and round, the Root is long
and creeping. ‘

The Juice of the Nettle is good againft Over-
ﬂowings of the Menfes. The Root is to be given
in Infuﬁon, and it works powerfully by Urine,
and is excellent againﬂ the Jaundice.

TmeROMANNETTLL
URTICA ROMANA.

A Wild Plant of the Nettle Kind, but not coma
‘ mon. It is two Feet high, the Stalks are
round, and of a deep green Colour. The Leaves
are large, and of a deep green alfo; broad at
the Bale, narrow to the Point, and deeply fermtcd.
The Flowers are fmall, and intonliderable, the
Fruit is around ball, as big as a large Pea, it
ﬁands on a long Foot~Stulk, and is of a deep
green Colour, and full of ﬁnall brown Seeds.
All the Plant is covered with! the fame Sort of
Prickles as the common Nettle, but they are
Ihorter and ﬁner, they are ﬁlvery white at the
Tips, and have the fame Bag of Liquor at the
Bafe, and they ﬂing very terribly; more a great
deal than the common Nettle. '

The Seeds are the Part ufed, they are good a-
gainf‘t Coughs, Shortnefs of Breath," and Hoarfe-
nelies, the Seeds of the Common Nettle are com.-
mended for this Purpofe, but thefe are greatly
preferable. The belt Way of giving them is in
the Manner of Tea, fweetened with Honey.

COMMON

m Uﬁful'FaMi'Zy' Hem]. 26 3

COMMON NIGHTSHADE.
SOLANUM VULGARE.

A Wild Plant, that over—runs Gardens, and all
other cultivated Places, if not continually
weeded out. It grows two Feet high, the Stalks
are roundifh, thick, but not very erect or f’trong,
and of a dufky Green. The Leaves are broad
and roundilh, but they terminate in a Point;
They are of a dark green Colour, and f’tand on
Foot—Stalks. The Flowers, grow in little Clu-
fters, ten or a Dozen in a Bunch, they are white,
with a yellowiﬂi Center, and they are fucceeded
by round black Berries. ‘

The Leaves are uied frefh, and only external-
ly. They are very Cooling, and are applied bruifed
to Inﬂammations, Scalds, Burns, and troublefome
Eruptions on the Skin.

DEADLY NIcHTSHADE.
SOLANUM LETHALE.

T may feem ﬁrange to mix a Poifon among

Medicines, but a Part of this Herb has its Ufes.
This igawild Plant of a dull and dffmal Alpeét.
It grows ﬁve Feet high. The Stalks are angu—
lated, and of a deep Green. The Leaves are very
large, broad, and ﬂat, and they alfo are of a dull
dead Green. The Flowers f’tand ﬁngly 0n lorg-
Foot—Stalks, ariling from the Bofom of the Leaves,
and they alfo have the fame diﬁnal Afpec’t, they
are large, hollow, and hang down. On the Out-
ﬁde they are of a dufky Colour, between brown
and green, and within they are of avery deep
Purple. Thefe are fucceeded by Berries of the
Bignefs of Cherries, black and fhining when ripe,
and full of a pulpy Matter, of a fweetilh and

' S 4 mawkilh

. xiv“:

x

364. The U ﬁful Famiéz Heréal.

mawkiih Taﬁe. The Root is long. The Berries
are fatal, Children have often eat them, and pe-
rilhed by it. The Leaves externally applied are
cooling and foftening; they are good againl’t the
Rianorm and Tetters, and againl’t hard Swel.
lings. They have very great Virtue in this Re-
fpeét, but the Plant lhould be kept out of the Way
of Children, or never fuﬁ‘ered to grow to Fruit, as
the Leaves only are wanted.

The NUTMEG TREE.
NUX MOSCHATA.

Tall, fpreading Tree, Native only, of the

warm Climates: The Trunk is large, and the
Branches are numerous and irregular ; the Bark is of
a greyifh Colour, and the Wood light and foft.
The Leaves are large, long, and fomewhat broad:
they are not unlike thofe of the Bay Tree, but
bigger, and are of a beautiful Green on the up.
per Side, and whitifh underneath. They ﬁand
irregularly, but often fo nearly oppoﬁte, that
that they feem in Pairs, as we fee'in the Leaves of
{ome of our Willows. The Bloffom is of the
Shape and Bignefs of that of our Cherry Tree, but
its Colour is yellow. The Fruit which fucceeds
this, is of the Bignefs of a ﬁnall Peach, and not
unlike it in the general Form, when cut open there
appears ﬁrl’c the ﬂelhy Coat which is a Finger
thick, and of arough Tal‘te, then the Mace fpread
over a woody Shell, in which is the Nutmeg.
We often have the whole Fruit fent over pre—
ferved.

The Nutmeg is an excellent Spice, it ﬁrength-
ens the Stomach, and afﬁﬁs Digeﬁion. It will
ﬂop Vomitings, and is good againﬂ: the Cholic.
When roal’ted before the Fire. and mixed with a

’ fmall

m Uﬁfuurmry Héréal. :65
fmall Qiantity of Rhubarb, it is the bell: of all
Remedies againlh Purgings.

 

O.

The DA K.
QUERCU&

ANoble and {lately Tree, Native of our Coun-
try, and no when: growing to 13 great Per-
fection. It is very tall, and though irregular in the
Difpoﬁtion of its Branches, that very Irregularit'
has its Beauty, the Trunk is very thick; the Bran:
ches are alfo thick, and often crooked: The Bark
is brown and rough: The Leaves are large, ob-
long, broad, and deeply cut in at the Edges, and
“they are of a, {hining Green. The Flowers. are
inconﬁderable. The Fruit is the Acorn well
known. Galls are produced upon the Oak, not
as Fruit, but from the Wounds made by'an Infeé‘t. ~ _
The Bark of the Oak is a very powerful Alli-in-
ent, it ﬂops Purgings, and Overﬂowings of the
ﬁlenfes. Given in Powder, 3. Decoftion of it is
eXcellent for the falling down of the Uvula, or as
it is called the falling of the Palate of the Mouth.
When‘eVer a Verypo'Werful Aﬁringent is required,
0211; Bark demands the Preference over every
thing: If it "were brought from the EaﬂéIndier,
it would be held ineftimable, " '

The

-2 66 m ,U/‘eﬁzz szzy Her/541.

The SCARLET OAK.
ILEX.

Shrub not much regarded on its own Account,
but from the Infect called Kermes, which is
found upon it; and has at fometimes been fuppo-
fed a Fruit of it: The Shrub thence obtained its
Name of the Scarlet Oak. It grows only ﬁx or
eight Feet high. The Branches are tough, and
covered with a fmooth greyifh Bark. The Leaves
are an Inch long, three Qlarters of an Inch broad,
of a Figure approaching to oval, ferrated about
the Edges, and in a little prickly. The FlOwers
are fmall and inconﬁderable, the Fruit is an Acorn
like that of the common Oak, but fmaller, ﬁanding
in its Cup. The Kermes, or fcarlet Grain, is a fmall
round Subﬁance of the Bignefs of a Pea, of a ﬁne
red Colour within, and of a purplifh Blue with-
out, covered with a ﬁne hoary Duﬁ, like a Bloom
upon a Plum. It is an Infect at that Time full
of young. When they intend to preferve it in its
own Form, they ﬁnd Ways of del’troying the Prin-
ciple of Life within, elfe the young come forth,
and it is fpoiled: When they exprefs the Juice,
they bruife the whole Grains, and fqueeze it
through a Hair Cloth; they then add an equal
Weight of ﬁne Sugar to it, and fend it over to us
under the Name of Juice of Kermes -, this is ufed
in Medicine much more than the Grain itfelf. '
It is a Cordial, good againﬂ: F aintings, and to
drive out the {mall Pox -, and for Women in
Childbed. It fupports the Spirits, and at the
fame Time promotes the neceffary Difcharges.

OAK

ﬂea U/Eful Family Harm. .267

OAK or JERUSALEM.
BOTRYS.

ALittle Plant, Native of the warmer Countries,

and kept in our Gardens, with Leaves which
have been fuppofed to refemble thofe of the Oak
Tree, whence it got its Name, and {mall yellowifh
Flowers. The Stalk is a Foot and half high, round:
ifh angulatedalittle, or deeply Ptriated, and of a pale
Green, the Leaves are of a yellowilh Green, and
of a rough Surface 3 they are oblong, fomewhat
broad pointed at the Ends, and deeply cut in on
the Sides. The Flowers ﬁand in abundance of
long Spikes on the Tops of the Branches, they are
very fmall and inconﬁderable. The whole Plant
has a pleafant Smell, particularly the young Shoots,
which are to bear the Flowers.

The frefh Plant is to be ufed, and it is" beﬁ
taken in the Manner of Tea, or in Infuﬁon. It
is good in Aﬁhmas, Hoarfenefs, and Coughs, and
it promotes the Menfes and Difcharges after De-
livery.

The OLIVE TREE.
OLEA.

A Large Tree, Native of the warmer Parts of
Europe and the Eaft. The Trunck is thick
and rough. The Branches are numerous, and
Rand irregularly, their Bark is grey and fmooth.
The Leaves are longifh and broad, of a deep
Green on the upper Side, and whitifh underneath,
and of a ﬁrm Texture; the Flowers are {mail and
yellow; the Fruit is of the Bignefs of a {mall
Plum, but of a longer Shape, and has avery
large Stone within. ' . '

The

g 68 The Uﬁfa] Famigy Herb].

The Oil is the only Produce of this Tree ufed in
Medicine, it is preﬂ'ed out of the Fruit, and is
excellent in Diforders of the Lungs, and againft
Cholics, and StOppages of Urine. But in the
latter Cafes the Oil of fweet Almonds frefh prelfed
is preferable, and for the ﬁrl’t Linfeed Oil -, fo that
Oil of Olives, or as it is called fallad Oil is feldom
ufed in Medicine, unlefs thefe others cannot be
had. -

The ONION.
CEPA.

A Common Plant in our Gardens, known at

Sight by its hollow tubular Leaves. It grows
two Feet and a half high. The Leaves are long,
rounded, of the Thicknefs of a Man’s Finger, and
hollow. The Stalk is round alfo, and has at the
TOP 2. round Clulter of little Flowers, ‘thefe are of
a mixed purplilh and greeniih Colour; and of a
lirong Smell as has the whole Plant.

The Root is the Part ufed, it is roundiih and
compofed of a great Multitude of Coats laid one
over another. A Syrup made of the Juice-of Oni-
ons and Honey, is excellent for an Alihma.

The OPOPONAX PLANT.
OPOPONAX.

Large and robul’t Plant, of which we have

but imperfeét Defcriptions : it is a Native of

the Bait, and has not been brought into Europe.
It is faid to be eleven or twelve Feet high : The
Stalk round, thick, and hollow. The Leaves
,very large, and each compofed of a-vaﬁ Number
of linaller fet upon a divided Stalk. The Flowers
we, are informed ﬁand in very large roundCluﬁers
at the Tops of the Stalks, and that the Seeds are
" broad,

t

We Ufefill Faint/y Herbal. , 2'69
broad, brown, and of a. thong Smell, ﬁriafed an
the Surface, and Hatilh. The Root lS faid to be
long and large, and full of an acrid and milky -

1ce.

JI'uVl/e ufe a Kind of Reﬁn, which is Taid to be
colleéted from this Root. after it has been Wounded-
tb make it ﬂow in fufﬁcient Qlantit'y: But the
Whole Account comes to us very imperfect, and
Upon no very found Authority, however it feerns
propable.

The Reﬁn is brownilh or yellowilh, and 1n
fmall Pieces. It IS an excellent Medicine againﬂ:
nervous Complaints 3 and particularly againft Dif-
ordcrs of the Head. It works by Urine and pro-
motes the Menfes , and has a Tendency to ope-
rate, though very gently by Stool. It is not fo
much ufed as if deferves to be. Ihave experi—
enced excellent Effects from 1t.

The ORANGE TREE.
AURANTIA MALUS.

A Beautiful and valuable Tree, Native of Spain,

Italy, and the Eajl. It grows to a conﬁdera-
ble Bignefs, and its Branches fpread irregularly;
T he Bark of the Trunk lS brown and rough, that
of the Branches is fmooth and greyilh. The
Leaves are large, and very beautiful, they are ob-
long and moderately broad, and the Foot-Stalk
has an Edge of a leafy Matter on each Side, giv-
ing it a Heart like Appearance. The Flowers are
white, large, fragrant, and very beautiful. The‘
Fruit 13 enough known.

The four or Se‘vz'lc Orange, is the Kind ufed in
Medicine, but the Peel of this more than the Juice
or pulpy Part. A pleafant Syrup is made of Smile
Orange JuiCe, by melting in it- twice‘ its Weight
of the ﬁncﬂ; Sugar; and a Syrup equally pleafant,

though

27o 7Z2 U/éful Family Hamil.

though of another Kind, is made of an I'nfuﬁon of
the Peel : But the great Ufe of the Peel is in
Tinéture or Infuﬁon as a Stomachic. It is for this
Purpofe to be pared off very thin, only the yellow
Part being ufeiul, and to be put into Brandy on
Wine, or to haveboilingWater poured on it frefh
or dry. If a little Gentian and a few Cardamom
Seeds be added to this Tin‘é‘ture or Infuﬁon, it is
as good a Bitter as can be made, it prevents Sic‘k‘
nefs of the Stomach and Vomitings, and is excel-
lent to amend the Appetite.

ORPINE.
TELEPHUMi

Very beautiful wild Plant of at Foot high 01‘

more, with frelh green Leaves, and Tufts of
bright red Flowers, common in our Hedges, in
Autumn in many Parts of England. The Stalk is
round, and ﬂelhy; the Leaves, are oblong, broad,
and indented round the Edges, and their Colour
is a bluifh Green. The Flowers are ﬁnal], but
they are very beautiful, the Root is white and
thick, The Whole Plant has a flefhy Appearance,
and it will grow, out of the Ground, 21 long Time,
taking it Nourifhment from the Air.

The Juice of Orpine is good againlt the Bloody
Flux : The bell: Way of giving it is made into a
thin Syrup, with the ﬁneﬁ Sugar, and with the
Addition of fome Cinnamon.

O x ‘E‘ Y E.
BUPHTHALMUM.
A Very beautiful Wild Plant, common in the
North of England, but not in other Parts of
the Kingdom. It grows :1 Foot and a half high.

The Stalk is round, ﬁrm, and branched; the
~ - ‘ Leaves

\

7799 U ﬁfzil Faim'ly Hem]. _27 I

Leaves are numerous, they are divided each into
a Multitude of ﬁne Segments, fo that at a. Dif-
tance, they. fomewhat refemhle the .Leaves of
Yarrow, but they are whitilh. The F IOWers
are large and yellow, they fomewhat refemble a
Marigold in Form, and they {land at the Tops
of the Branches.

The frefh Herb is ufed,'they boil it in Ale, and
give it as a Remedy for the Jaundice, it works b
Urine. ‘

 

P.

PALMA-CHRISTI.
R I C I N U S.

A Foreign Plant, kept in our Gardens more for-
its Beauty, than Ufe. The Stem is thick,

and looks woody toward the Bottom. It grows

ﬁx Feet high, and on the upper Part, is covered

with a fort of mealy Powder, of a bluifh Colour.

The Leaves are large, and very beautiful. They
are fomewhat like thofe of the Vine, but they are
divided deeply into feven or more Parts, which

are alfo fharply' ferrated at the Edges, and they
Rand upon long Foot Stalks, which are not in—

ferted at the Edge, but in the middle of the Leaf.

The Flowers are fmall: They grow in Bunches
toward the TOP of the Plant. The Seeds grow

upon the Trunk of the Plant in different Places :

Three are contained in Hulks, and they have

over them feverally a hard Shell.

The Kernels of thefe Seeds are the Part ufed,
but they are very little regarded at prefent. There
ufed to be three or four Kinds of them kept by
the Druggiﬂ's, under different Names, but no

3 body

2 7 2 2R Uﬂfxl Faiizsz’ 'Herédl:

Body new minds them : They are very violent in
that Operatibn, which is both upWards and
dewnwards, and have been given in Dro‘pﬁes and
Rheumatifrﬁs.

The OILY PAIN! TREE.
PALMA OLEOSA.

AVery beautiful Tree, Native ofAfrém and
America. It grows moderately high.‘ The
Trunk is naked all the Way to the Top, where
the Leaves grow in val’t (luantities: They are
long and narrow, and the Foot Stalks on which
they {tand are prickly. The Flowers are {mall
and moffy. The Fruit is of the Bignefs of a
Plum, oblong and ﬂattifh, and is covered over
with a tough and ﬁbrous Coat. From this Fruit
the Native exprefs, what they call Palm Oil: It
is a Subf’tance of the Con‘ﬁﬁence of Butter,-

and of a pleafant, tho’ very little Tai‘te.

This Oil is the only Produce of the Tree ufed:
They eat it upon the Spot, but we apply it exter-
nally againf’t Cramps, Strains, Pains in the Limbs,
and WeaknelTes ; but we feldom meet with it freih
enough, to be ﬁt for Ufe; and at prefent, it has
given Place to the famous Opodeldoc, and to fe—
vera‘l other Things, which have the fame (Lualia
ties, in a much greater Degree. ‘

PANIC,
PANICUM.

AVery ﬁngular and pretty Plant of the Grafs
kind, cultivated in form: Parts of Europe.
The Stalk is very thick and ﬁrm, round, jointed,
and a Yard high. The Leaves are gralTy, but
they are large and broad. The F wers and Seeds
are contained in a long Ear, whic' is broad and
ﬂat ;

We Uﬁzful Family Heréal- 2:7 3"

ﬂat: It is compofed of feveral fmaller Ears, ar-,
ranged on the mic Sides of the Stalk; thefe',
Spikes are hairy. The Seed is round, and is
much like Millet, only fmaller. -- p
The Seed is the only Part ufed. It is goOd
againft lharp Purgings, bloody Fluxes, and Spitting
of Blood. ._ "’“_' . V

,. r‘.

The PARIERA BRAVA.
PAREIRA BRAVA..

A Climbing Shrub of South—ﬂmerim, the Root

’ of which has lately been introduced into
Nledicine. It grows to twelve or fourteen Feet in
Height, if there be Trees or Buihes to fupport it,
elfe it lies upon the Ground, and is ﬂiorter. The
Stalks are woody, light, and covered with a
rough Bark, which is continually coming off in
fmall Flakes. The Leaves are large and broad.
The Flowers are ﬁnall, and of a greenifh Colour; j
and the Berries are round, and when ripe black.
The Root is large, woody, and very long and
creeping.

The Root is ufed. It is of a brownilh Colour,"
rough on the Surface, and woody, but loofe in its
Texture. It is to be given in Infuﬁon.‘ It is an
excellent Medicine in the Gravel, and in Sup-
preﬁions of Urine, as alfo in the Qiinzy, and in
Pleuriﬁes, and Peripneumonies. It works the
molt powerfully, and the moi’t fuddenly, by Urine,
of any Medicine: And is f0 excellent in forcing
away Gravel and ﬁnall Stones, that fame have
pretended it a Remedy for the Stone, and faid it
would dilTolve and break it. This is going too
far; no Medicine has been found that has that
Eﬁ'e5t, nor can it be fuppofed, that any can.
Great Good has been done by thofe Medicines
which the Parliament purchafed of Mrs. Step/96m,

T more

2 74 7% Uﬂfzzl Family Heréal.

more than perhaps, by any other whatfoever, in
this terrible Complaint; but they never diffolved
alarg‘e and hard Stone. Indeed there needs no
' more to be affured of this, than to examine one of
thofe Stones ; it Will not be fuppofed, any Thing
that the Bladder can bear, will be able to diirolve
f0 ﬁrm and folid a Subl’tance.

' P A R s L Y.
PETROSELINUM.

AVery common Plant in our Garden’s, ufeful

in the Kitchen, and in Medicine. It grows
to two Feet in Height. The Leaves are com-
pofed of many fmall Parts: They are divided
into three, and then into a Multitude of Sub-di—
viﬁons: They are of a bright Green, and in-
dented. The Stalks are round, angulated, or
deeply ﬁriated, (lender, upright, and branched.
The Flowers are {mall and white; and they
ﬁand in large Tufts at the Tops of the Branches.
The Seeds are roundifh and ﬁriated. The Root
is long and white. '

The Roots are the Part ufed in Medicine. A
ftrong Decoétion of them is good againﬁ the
Jaundice. It operates powerfully by Urine, and
opens Obﬁruétions.

PARSLY PIERT.
PERCICIER.

A Little wild Plant, common among our Corn,
and in other dry Places, with fmall pale
Leaves, and hairy drooping Stalks. It does not '
grow to more than three or four Inches in Length,
and feldom l’tands well upright. The Stalks are
reund and whitifh. The Leaves Rand irregular-
ly: They are narrow at the Bafe, and broad at
3 the

I

7% U/‘efuz 11mg; Hm; 27 5

the End, where they are divided into three round-
ed Parts. The Flowers are very fmall: They
grow in Clufters at the Joints, and are of a green-
ifh Colour. The Seed is fmall and round. The
Root is fibrous.~

The whole Plant is uf'ed; and it is bel’c freih.
An Infuﬁon of it is very powerful againft the
Gravel. It operates violently, but fafely, by
Urine, and it opens Obftruétions of the Liver;
whence it is good alfo in the JaundiCe. There is
an Opinion in many Places, of its having a Power
of dilTolving the Stone in the Bladder, but this is
idle: There is, however, a great deal of good to
be done in nephritic Cafes, by Medicines which
have not this Power.

MACEDONIAN PARsLY.
PETROSELINUM MACEDONICUM.

APlant kept in fome of our Gardens. It is

two Feet high. The Stalk is ﬂender, branch-
ed, and hairy. The Leaves.are compofed of
many Parts, and thofe are fmall and rounded:
Thofe on the upper Part of the Stalk, are more
ﬁnely divided. The Flowers are {mall and white
like thofe of common Parﬂy; and they {tand like
them, in Clui’cers on the Tops of the Stalks.
The Seeds are fmall, fomewhat hoary, and of a
dulky Colour.

The Seed is ufed; and it it bei’c given in Pow-
der. It Operates powerfully by Urine, and it is
good againft Stoppages of the Nienfes, and in the
Gravel and Cholics, ariﬁng from that Caufe. It
is alfo recommended againl’t the Dropfy and Jaun-
dice.

T a Wer

. 276 7733 Ufeful Family Heréalg

WILD PARSNEP.
PASTINACA SYLVESTRI‘S.

A'VVild Plant, common about our Road Sides.

It is three Feet high. The Stalk is {trai-t,‘
upright, round, ﬁriated, and yellowifh. The
Leaves are compofed of many broad Diviﬁons,

and refemble thofe of the Garden Parfnep, but

they are fnialler. The Flowers are little and yel—_

low: They grow at the Tops of the Stalks,
in large rounded Tufts, and the Seeds are ﬂat,
and of an oval Figure. The Root is long,
white, and well taf’ted.

The Root is to be ufed. A ﬁrong Decoﬁion
of it, works by Urine, and opens all Obﬁruéti~
ons. It is good againﬁ; the Gravel and the Jaun-
dice, and will bring down the Menfes.

The PAVANA SHRUB.
P A V A N A.

A Shrubby Plant of the Edi—Indies, of a beau~

tiful, as well as ﬁngular Afpeé‘t. It is ﬁx or
feven Feet high. The Stem is woody, ﬁrm, and
naked almoﬁ to the Top. The Leaves grow up—
on long Foot Stalks, and they all rife nearly toge—
ther, at the upper Part of the Stem: They are
large, of a rounded Figure, and divided at the
Edges pretty deeply, into feveral Parts: Their
Colour is a deep Green. The Flowers are 11112111,
and of a greenilh Colour. The Fruit is of the
Bignefs of a Hazle Nut. The Wood is not very

ﬁrm, and when cut, yields a milky Juice, of a. .

very difagreeable Smell.

The \Vood and the Seeds are ufed ; \ztnd they

have both the fame violent Operation, by Vomit

and Stool; but the Wood given in Infuﬁon, and t

In

m U/éful Famig, Hem]. 2 77

in a moderate Dofe, only purges, and that though .
brilkly, without any Danger. It is good in
Dropﬁes, and in other {tubborn Diforders ; and is
excellent againl’c Rheumatic Pains. Some re-
commend it as a Speciﬁc againf’c the Sciatica.
The Seeds are what are called Grand Tiglz'a, but
though much fpoken of by forne Writers, they
are at this Time very little ufed in the Shops. -

The PEACH TREE.
PERSICA MALUS.

A Tree very frequent againl’t ourGarden Walls.
The Trunk is covered with a brown Bark.
The Branches grow irregularly. The Leaves
are beautiful: They are long, narrow, and ele-
gantly ferrated at the Edges. . The Bloﬂoms are
large, and of a pale Red. The Fruit is too well
known, to need much Defcription: It conﬁﬁs of
a loft pulpy Matter, covered by a hairy Skin, and
incloﬁng a hard Stone, in which is a Kernel of a
pleafant bitter Talte.

The Flowers are to be ufed. A Pint of Water
is to be poured, boiling hot, on a Pound Weight
of Peach Bloﬂbms; when it has ﬂood four and
twenty Hours, it is to be poured OFF, through a
Sieve, without fqueezin’g, and two Pound of Loaf
Sugar is to be dilTolved in it, over the Fire : This
makes an excellent Syrup for Children. It purges
gently, and fometimes will make them puke a
little. They have f0 frequent Occaﬁon for this,
that People who have Children, have continual.

Ufe for it.

T3 PELLI-

278 The Uﬁful Family Herbal.

PELLITORY or THE WALL.
PARIETARIA.

A Wild Plant frequent on old Walls, with weak

Branches, and pale green Leaves. It grows
3. Foot high, but feldom altogether ereft. ' The
Stalks are round, tender, a little hairy, jointed,
and often purpliih. The Leaves {land irregular-
ly on them, and are an Inch long, broad in the
Middle, and ﬁnaller at each End. The Flowers
ﬁand clofe upon the Stalks, and are ﬁnal] and in~
conﬁderable, of a whitifh green Colour when open,
but redifh in the Bud. ,

The whole Plant is ufed, and it is bell frefh.
An Infuﬁon of it works well by Urine. It is ve-
ry ferviceable in the Jaundice, and is often found
a prefent Remedy in Fits of the Gravel, the Infue
ﬁon being taken largely.

PELLITORY OF SPAIN.
PYRETHRUM.

A Very pretty little Plant kept in our Gardens.

It is eight Inches high. The Stalk is round
and thick. ' The Leaves are very ﬁnely divided,
fo that they refemble thofe of the Camomile, but
they are of a pale Green, thick, and ﬂefhy, and
the Stalk is purple. The Flowers [land at the
Tops of the Branches, and are very pretty:
They are of the Shape and Size of the Great
Daify or Ox—Eye, white at the Edges, yellow in
the Middle, and red on the Back or Underﬁde. _
The Root is long, and fomewhat thick, of a very .
hot T afte. ’

The Root is ufed: We have it at the Druggills.
Its great Acridnefs ﬁlls the Mouth with Rheum on
chewing, and it is good againft the T'ooth-ach.

' It

The Uﬁful Faint?) Heréal. (Q79

It is alfo good to he pUt into the Mouth in Pal-
ﬁes, for it will {ometimes alone, by its Stimula~
tion, reﬁpre the Voice.

PENNY—ROYAL.
PULEGIUM.

AWild Plant, creeping about on marlhy Places,

‘ > with little Leaves, and Tufts of red Flowers
at the Joints. The Stalks are a Foot long,
round, and often of a redifh Colour. The Leaves
are fmall, broad, and pointed at the Ends, and
of a pale Green Colour. The Flowers ﬁand round ‘
the Joints in thick Clulters : They are like thofe
of Mint, and of a pale Red, and the Cups in
which they ftand are green, and a little hairy.
The whole Plant has a ﬁrong penetrating Smell,
and an acrid but not difagreeable Tal’te.

The whole Plant is ufed, frefh or dried; but
that which grows wild, is much ﬁronger than
the larger Kind, which is cultivated in Gardens.
The ﬁmple Water is the belt Way of taking it,
though it will do very well in Infuﬁon, or by way
of Tea. It is excellent againf’c St0ppages of the
Menfes.

BLACK PEPPER.
PIPER NIGRUM.

AN Eal’tern Plant, of a very ﬁngular Kind.
It grows ﬁx or eight Feet in Length, but the
Stalks are not able to fupport themfelves upright:
They are round, green, jointed, and thick, and
when they trail upon the Ground, Roots are fent
forth from thefe Joints. The Leaves are large,
of an oval Figure, of a ﬁrm Subftance, and rib-
bed highly : They f’cand on Ihort Pedicles, one at
each Joint. The Flowers are fmall and inconﬁ-
T 4. derable:

/

280 752 U ﬂful FamiZy Herﬁal.

derablc: They grow to the Stalk. The Fruit
fucceeds, which is what we call Pepper: They
hang upon a long Stalk, twenty or forty together:
They are green at ﬁrft, but when ripe they are
red: They grow black and wrinkled in drying.
The largeit and leal’t wrinkled on the Coat, are
the bei’t Grains.

The Fruit is ufed, and it is excellent againi’t all
ColdnelTes and Crudities upon the Stomach. It
gives Appetite in thefe Cafes, and afﬁf’ts Digeftion.
It is allb good, againft Dizzineffes of the Head,
and againft Obftruétions of the Liver and Spleen,
and againl’t Cholics: We are apt to neglect
Things as Medicines, that we take with Food;
but there is hardly a more powerful Simple of its
Kind than Pepper, when given lingly, and on an
empty Stomach.

WHITE PEPPER.
PIPER ALBUM.

THE common White Pepper we meet with, is.
made from the Black, by foking it in Sea
Water till it fwells, and the dark wrinkled Coat
falls OPE; but this though the common, is not the
true White Pepper: There is another Kind,
which is natural, and has no Aiiiﬁance from Art.
The White Pepper Plant, has round, thick, and
whitifh Stalks: They lie upon the Ground, ahd
have large Joints : At each Joint {tands a ﬁngle
Leaf, which is long, and narrow, {harp at the
End, and ribbed. The Flowers grow on little
Stalks, hanging down from the Joints : They are
{mall and yellow. The Fruit is round; at ﬁri’t .
green, and when ripe white, which is gathered

and dried for Ufe. _
This Fruit is tiled. The common White Pep-
per is milder than the Black; that is, it is Black
' Pepper,

The Ufeful Famigy Herbal; '2 8 I

Pepper, which ‘has lol’c a Part of its Virtue:
This poﬂ‘eﬂes all the Qialities of the other, and
yet it has not fo fharp a Tal’te.

The LONG PEPPER PLANT.
PIPER LONGUM.

AN AmericanPlant, in fome Degree refembling
the other Peppers, in its general Growth,
but not at all in its Fruit. The Stalk is round,
thick, jointed, and of a deep green Colour: It
is not able to fupport itfelf, but climbs upon
Bufhes. The Leaves are long and narrow: They
hand one at each Joint, upon long Foot Stalks.
The Flowers grow upon the Outlide of the Fruit:
They are ﬁnall and inconﬁderable. The Fruit
which is what we call long Pepper, is an Inch
and a half long, and as thick as a large Cluill,
marked with fpiral Lines, and divided into Cells
within, in each of which is a lingle Seed.

This has the fame Virtues with the common
Black Pepper, but in a lefs Degree, it is not fo
hot and acrid, and therefore will be borne upon
the Stomach, when that cannot. It is excellent
to allil’t Digel‘tion, and prevent Cholics.

The JAMAICA PEPPER TREE.
PIPER JAMAICENSE.

N American Tree, in all Refpeﬂs diﬁ'erent
from the Plants which produce the other
Kinds of Pepper, as is alfo the Fruit altogether
different. It fhould not be called Pepper: The
round Shape of it was the only Thing that led
People to give it fuch a Name. The 7amaz'm
Pepper Tree is large and beautiful. The Trunk
is covered with a fmooth brown Bark. The
Branches are numerous, and they are well covered
with

28 2 72a U/éfu/ FamiZy Herb].

with Leaves. The Tree is as big and high as
' our Pear Trees. The Leaves are oblong and
broad, of a lhining green Colour: They grow in
Pairs, and they ﬁand on long Pedicles. The
Flowers grow only at the Extremities of the
Branches: They {land a great many together,
and are fmall. The Fruit which fucceeds, is 3
Berry, green at ﬁrl’t, and afterwards becoming of
a redilh Brown, and in the end black. They are
when ripe, full of a pulpy Matter, furrounding
the Seeds; but they are dried when unripe for
our Ufe.

The Fruit thus gathered and dried in the Sun,
is what we call yamaim Pepper, Piamenta, or
Allfpice. It is an excellent Spice: It ﬂ‘rengthens
the Stomach, and is good againﬁ the Cholic.
The belt way to take it is in Powder, mixed with
a little Sugar. It will prevent vomiting, and
Sicknefs after Meals, and is one of the bef’t
known Remedies for habitual Cholics.

GUINEA PEPPER.
C A P S I C U M.

A Common Plant in our Gardens, dif’tinguiﬂied
by its large Scarlet Pods. It grows :1 Foot
and a half high. The Stalk is ang‘ulated, thick,
and green, tolerably erect, and branched. The
Leaves ﬁand irregularly, and are longifh, pret-
ty broad, and of a deep green Colour. The
Flowers are moderately large and white, with a
yellow Head in the Middle: They grow at the
Diviﬁons of the Branches. The Fruit follows,
and is an (Inch and a half long, an Inch thick, and
biggef’t at the Bafe, whence it grows fmaller to
.the Point: The Colour is a ﬁne Red, and its Sur-
face is fofmooth, that it looks like polilhed Coral:
It is a Skin containing a Qzantity of Seeds. Th
e

7738 Uﬁful ‘delbl .Herﬁal. 283

The Fruit is the Part ufcd. Held in the Mouth,
it cures the T ooth-ach, for its Heat and Agrimo,
ny are greater than in Pellitory (if S ain, and it
ﬁlls the Mouth with Water. Applie , externally,
bruifed, and mixed with Honey and crumbled
Bread. it is good for a Oyinzy.

PERIWINKLE.
VINCA PERVINC A.

A Very pretty creeping Plant, wild in Ibme
Places, but kept in Gardens alfo. The
Stalks are numerous, and a Foot or more in
Length, but they do not ﬁand upright: They
are round, green, and tough, and generally trail
upon the Ground. The Leaves are oblong,
broad, of a fhining green Colour, fmooth on the
Surface, and placed two at each Joint. The
Flowers are large and blue: They are Bell—fa,
fhioned, and {land on long Foot Stalks: The
Fruit fucceeding. Each is compofed of two
longifh Pods ; each containing feveral Seeds.

The whole Plant is ufed frefh. It is to be
boiled in Water, and the Decoftion drank with
a little red Wine in it. It ﬂops the Overﬂowing
of the Menfes, and the Bleeding of the Files.

.SPELT, on ST. PETERS CORN-
Z E A. ,
A Plant of the Corn Kind, 'refembling Barley,

fown in fome Parts of Europe, but'not much
known in England. It grows a Foot and a half
high. The Stalk is round, hollow, jointed, and
green; the Leaves are graiiy, but broad. At
the Tops of the Stalk ﬁands an Ear like that
of Barley, but fmaller and thinner, though with
long Beards; the Grain is not unlike Barley in
Shape,

284. 7733 Uﬂful Famiél Heréal.
Shape, or between that and Wheat, only much
fmaller than either.

The Seed or Grain is the Part ufed, it is fup-
pofed to be ﬁrengthening and in fome Degree af—
tringent, but we know very little of its Qlalities,
nor are they conﬁderable enough to encourage us
to inquire after them.

PIMPERNEL.
ANAGALLIS FLORE RUBRO.‘

APretty little Plant common in Corn Fields and

Garden Borders. The Stalks are fquare,
fmooth, green, but not very upright: They are
ﬁve or ﬁx Inches long. The Leaves {land two
at each Joint, and they are of an oblong Figure,
conﬁderably broad in the Middle, and pointed at
the End. The Flowers ﬁand lingly on long {lender
F Got—Stalks, they are ﬁnall, but of a moﬁ bright
fcarlet Colour.

The whole Plant is ufed, and the bei‘t Method
of giving it, is in an Infuﬁon, made by pouring
boiling Water upon it frelh gathered : This is an
excellent Drink in F evers; it promotes Sweat, and
throws out the Small Pox, Mealles, or any other
Eruptions : The dried Leaves may be given in
Powder or a Tea made of the whole dried Plant,
but nothing is f0 well as the Infuﬁon of it frelh,
thofe who have not feen it tried this Way do not
know how valuable a Medicine it is.

There is another Kind ofPimpernel, perfectly
like this, but that the Flowers are blue, this is cal-
led the female, and the other the male Pimpernel,
but the red ﬂowered Kind, has molt Virtue.

The

7723 Ufeful Family Heréal. 28 5

The PINE TREE.
PINUS.

A Large and beautiful Tree, Native of Italy;
but kept in our Gardens. We have a wild
Kind of Pine in the North, called 860th Fir, but
it is not the fame Tree. The Trunk of the true
Pine, is covered with a rough brown Bark, the
Branches with a fmoother, and more redifh. The
Leaves are long and ﬂender, and they grow al-
ways two from the fame Bafe, or out of the fame
Sheath, they are of a bluifh green Colour, and
are a little hollowed on the Inﬁde: The Flowers
are ﬁnall and inconﬁderable, they {land in a kind.
of Tufts on the Branches ; the Fruit are Cones of
abrown Colour, large, long, and blunt at the
Top. Thefe contain betWeen the Scales certain
white Kernels of a fweet Taﬁe, and covered with
a thin Shell. -

Thefe Kernels are the Part ufed, and they are
excellent in Confumptions, and after long Illnefs,
given by way of Reﬁorative. An Emullion may
be made by beating them up with Barley Water,
and this will be of the fame Service with com-
mon Emulﬁons for Heat of Urine. '

The WILD PINE TREE.
‘PINUS lSYLVESTRIS.

A Tree Native of many Parts- of Gamma}, very”
much refembling what is called the manured
Pine, or ﬁmply the Pine before defcribed. It
grows to be alarge and tall Tree, the Trunk is
covered with a rough brown Bark, that of the
Branches is paler and fmoother. The Leaves are
very narrow, and fhort, they grow two out of a
Qafe or Hulk, as in the other, and are of a bluifh

green

286 T7»? U/éfu/ Faﬁﬂy Herb/.-

green Colour. They diﬁcer principally in being
ihorter. The F IOWer's are yellowiih, and like the
others very {mall and inconﬁderable, the Cones
are fniall, brown, and hard, and {harp at the Tops,
they contain Kernels in their Shells, among the
Scales as the other; but they are fmaller.

The Kernels have the fame Virtues as theft: of
the other Pines, but being little, they are not re1
garded. The Relin‘ which HOWS from this Tree,
either naturally, or when it is cut for that Purpofe,
is what we call COmmon TUrpentine. It is a
thick Subi’tancelike Honey, of a brownifh' Co-
lour, and very ﬁrong‘ and difagreeable Smell.

When this Turpentine has been dif’tilled, to
make Oil of Turpentine, the Relin which remains,
is what we call common Reﬁn, if they put out the
Fire in Time, it is yellow Reﬁn; if they continue
it longer, it is black Reﬁn. They often boil the
Turpentine in Water without diftilling it for the
common Reﬁn; and when they take it out half,
boiled for this Purpofe, it is what we call Bur-
gundy Pitch. And the whitiih Reﬁn which is
called Thus or F rankincenfe, and is a Thing quite
different from Olibanum, or the ﬁne Incenfe is the
natural Reﬁn ﬂowing from the Branches of this
Tree, and hardening into Drops upon them. It
does not differ much from the common Turpen—
tine in its Nature, but is lefs offenﬁve in Smell.

The feveral Kinds of Pitch, Tar, and Reﬁn are
principally ufed in Plaifters and Ointments. The
Turpentine produced from this Tree alfo, and
called common Turpentine, is principally ufed in
the fame Manner, the ﬁner Turpentines being
given inwardly. Thefe are procured from the
Turpentine Tree, the Larch Tree, and the
Silver Fir. The yellow Reﬁn and the black are
fometimes taken inwardly in Pills, and they are

very good againli the Whites, and the Runnings
after

YZe‘ Uﬁful Family Heréal. 287
after Gonorrhoeas ; butfor this Purpofe it is better

to boil fome better Sort of Turpentine, to the
Conﬁﬂence and give it.

PIONY.
P_}EONIA.

A Flower common in out-Gardens, but of great
Ufe as well as Ornament. The common
double Piony, is not the Kind ufed in Medicine:
This is called the female Piony, the ﬁngle ﬂowered
one called the male Piony, is the right Kind.
This grows two or three Feet high. The Stalk
is rouud, l’triated, and branched : The Leaves are
of a deep Green, and on each compofed of feveral
others : The Flowers are very large, and of adeep
Purple with a green Head in the Middle. When
they are decayed, this Head fwells out into two
or more Seed VelTels, which are whitifh and hairy
on the Outﬁde, and red within, and full of black

‘Seeds. The Root is compofed of a Number of
longilh or roundilh Lumps connefted by Fibres
to the main Source of the Stalk, thefe are brown
on the Outﬁde, and Whitilh within.

The Roots are ufed; an Infuﬁon of them pro-
motes the Menfes. The Powder of them dried
is good againﬂ: hyi’teric and nervous Complaints.
It is particularly recommendedagainft the falling
Sicknefs. '

The PISTACHIA TREE.
PISTACHIA.

A Tree common in the Eaﬁ. The Trunk is co-
vered with a brown rough Bark, the Branches
grow irregularly, and their Bark is redifh. The,
Leaves are each compofed of feveral Pairs of fmall
ones, thefe are oblong, broad, and of a beautiful
green

 

2 88 77M Uﬂfzgl. 132177222}! .Heréql.

green Colour, and ﬁrm Texture. The Flowers
grow in Tufts, they are white and fmall, the F ruit‘
which fucCeeds is what we call the Piltachia Nut ;‘
it is as big as a Filbert, but long and {harp—point-
ed, and it is covered with a tough wrinkled Bark.
The Shell within this is woody, and tough, but
it eaﬁly enough divides into two Parts, and the
Kernel within is of a greenifh Colour, but covered
with a red Skin. It is of a fweet Tal’te.

The Fruit is eaten, but it may be conﬁdered as
a Medicine, it opens Obﬁruétions of the Liver,
and it works by Urine. It is an excellent Rel’to—
rative to be given to Pe0ple waited by Confump—
tions, or other long and tedious IllnelTes.

PITCH TREE.
PICEA.

A Tree of the Fir Kind, and commonly called

the red Fir. It is a tall Tree of regular Growth,
the Bark of the Trunk is of a redifh Brown, and
it is paler on the Branches ; the Leaves are very
numerous, fhort, narrow, and of a ﬁrong Green,
they f’tand very thick, and are fharp, or almolt
prickly at the Extremities. The Flowers are yel-
lowifh, and inconﬁderable; and the Fruit is a long
and largé‘ Cone, which hangs down, whereas that
of the true Fir Tree, or the Yewleaved Fir {lands
upright.

The Tops of the Branches and young Shoots
are ufed : They abound with a Relin of the Tur—
pentine Kind. They are bel’t given in Decoétiori,
or brewed with Beer. They are good againl’t the
Rheumatifm and Scurvy, they work by Urine, and
heal Ulcers of the urinary Parts. '

Pitch and Tar are produced from the Wood of
this Tree, the Tar fweats out of the Wood in

‘ burning,

The U/éﬁt/ Fatwa/y Herder]. 2 89
burning, and the Pitch is only Tar boiled to that
Conﬁl’tence. To ébtain the Tar, they pile up
great Heaps of the Wood, and let Fire to them
at Top, and the Tar fweats out of the Ends of
the lower, and is catched as it runs from them.

Burgundy Pitch is made of the Reﬁn of the
wild Pine Tree, which is common Turpentine
boiled in Water to a certain Conﬁftence, if they

boil it longer, it would be Reﬁn, for the com— '

mon Reﬁn is only this Turpentine boiled to a
Hardnefs. ‘

The AMMONIACUM PLANT.
AMMONIACUM.

A Tall Plant, Native of the Eaﬂ, and very im—.

perfectly defcribed to us. What we hear of
it is, that it grows on the Sides of Hills, and is ﬁve
or ﬁx Feet high ; the Stalk is hollow and ﬁriated,
and painted with various Colours like that of our
Ilemloc. The Flowers, we are told, are ﬁnall and

white, and {tand in great round Cluf’ters at the

Tops of the Stalks, the Leaves are very large and
compofed of a Multitude of fmall Diviﬁons: One
Circumﬁance we can add from our own Know—

ledge to, this Defcription, and it gives great Proof

of the Authenticity of the reft, this is, that the
Seeds are broad, ﬂat, ﬁriated, and have a folia-
nous Rim, as thofe of Dill. We could know by
thefe which are found very frequently among the
Gum, that it was a Plant of this Kind which pro—
duced it : So that there is great Probability that
the ref’t of the Defcription, which has been given

us by thofe who did not know we had this Com ~

ﬁrmation at Home,'is true. Thefe Seeds often ap—
pear very fair and found. I have caufed a great
Number of them to be fown,-~ but they have ”never
grown. Though one of the Sagapenum Seeds grew

up

a"

 

up a little when fown among them : It would be
worth while to repeat ‘the Experiment, for form:
times it might fucceed. .‘ .-

We ufe a Gum or rather Gum Reﬁn, for it is
of a mixed Nature between both, which is procured
from this Olant, but from what Part of it, or in
what Manner we are not informed; it is whitiih,
of an acrid Taﬁe, with fome Bitternefs, and is an
excellent Medicine. It is fuperior to all other

Drugs in an Afthma, and is good to promote the ~

Memes, and to open Oblh‘uétions of all Kinds.
The belt Way of giving it is diﬁblved in Hyﬁbp
Water. It makes a milky Solution. It is ufed
externally alfo in Plaif’ters for hard Swellings, and
Pains in the Joints.

BROAD LEAVE!) PLANTAIN.
PLANTAGO MAJOR.

Common Plant by our Way—ﬁdes, with broad.
fhort Leaves, and long ﬂender Spikes of
brown Seeds. The Leaves rife all from the Root,
for there are none upon the Stalk. They are of
a fornewhat oval Figure, and irregularly indented
at the Edges, fometimes fcarce at all. They have
feveral large ‘Ribs, but thefe do not grow ﬁde—
ways from the middle one, but all run length-
ways, like that from the Bafe of the Leaf toward
the Point. The Stalks grow aFoot high, their
lower half is naked, and their upper Part thick fet,
ﬁri’t with ﬁnall and inconﬁderable Flowers, of a;

greenilh white Colour, and afterwards with Seeds

which are brown and fmall.

This is one of thofe common Piants, which have
for much Virtue, that Nature leems to have made
them common for univerihl Beneﬁt. The whole
Plant is to be uil‘d, and it is heft frefh. A De—

I coflion

 

")“i'WJs-‘W ‘"".”2;; '13! 7:" », ' "1‘1“" "
.3: ~. .,

ﬂeUfg’uI _.Ez/zzz'_/)/ Heréal. 29 I“

Coétion of it in Water is excellent againi‘t Over--

ﬂowings of the Menfes, Violent Purgings with
bloody Stools and Vomiting of Blood, the bleeding
of the Piles and all other fuch Diforders. The
Seeds beaten to 2. Powder, are good againi’t the
Whites. '. >.

There is a broad leave‘d Plantain with lhort
ﬂowery Spikes, and hairy Leaves, this has full
as much Virtue as the Kind already defcribed:
The narrow leaved Plantain has lefs, but of the
fame Kind. ‘

PLOWMAN’SSPIKENARD. .
BACCHARIS MONSPELIENSIUM.
A Tall robuﬂ wild Plant with broad rough

Leaves, and numerous ﬁnall yellowifh F low-
ers, frequent by Road—ﬁdes, and in dry Failures.
The Plant grows three Feet high. The Stalks
are round, thick, upright, 1nd a little hairy. The
Leaves are large, broad from the Root, and nar-
rower on the Stalk, they are blunt at the Points,

and a little indented at the Edges. The Flower-s-

grow on the Tops of the Branches, fpreading out
into a large Head from a fingle Stem, they are
little and yellow: The Seeds have Down ﬁxed to

them. The Root is brown and woody, the whole ’

Plant has a fragrant and aromatic Smell.

The Leaves and Tops given in Deeoﬂion, are '
good againft inward Bleedings. The Root dried, _ ~

and powdered, is a Remedy for Purgings, and is
good againl‘t the W hites.

U 2 , FOLEY-

'7. $3.-

292 77).? U ﬂfzrl Family Heré‘a‘l.

POLEYMOUNTAIN.
POLIUM MONTANU M.

A Pretty Plant, Native of the warmer Parts of
. Europe, and kept in our Gardens. It is ten
Inches high. The Stalks are fquare and whitiih :‘
The Leaves are oblong and narrow, of a white
Colour, and woolly Surface, they ﬁand two at a
Joint, and they are indented at the Edges. The
Flowers are fmall and white. They grow in a
Kind of woolly Tufts at the Tops of the Branches.

The whole Plant is ufed, it is beﬁ.‘ dried; given
in Infuﬁon, it promotes the Menfes, and removes
Obftruélions of the Liver, hence it is recom-
mended greatly in the Jaundice. It operates by
Urine.

CANDY POLEYMOUNTAIN.
POLIUM CRETICUM.

A Little Plant of a woolly Appearance, Native
of the Grecian Iﬂands, and kept in fome Gar-
dens. It grows but about ﬁx Inches high. The
Stalks are fquare, white, weak, and feldom up-

, right. The Leaves ﬁand two at each Joint:
They are narrow, oblong, and not at all indented

at the Edges. They are of a white woolly Af— ‘

peft, and of a pleafant Smell. The Flowers are
fmall and white, and they grow in Tufts at the
Tops of the Stalks : Their Cups are very white.
The whole Plant is to be ufed dried. I a ope-
rates very powerfully by Urine, and is good a~

gainﬁ all hyfteric Complaints, but it is not to be -

given to Women with Child, for it 'has f0 much
Efﬁcacy in promoting the Menfes, that it may
occaﬁon Abortion.

POLYPODY.

’1‘:-
_ 4&9,

ﬁe Uﬁfgi‘me'lj Heréal. 293

PdLYPODYV
‘ POLYPODIUM.

A Small Plant of the Fern Kind. It is a Foot
high, and conﬁl’ts- only of a ﬁngle Leaf.
Several of thefe commonly rife from the fame

Root, but each is a feparate and intire Plant.
The Stalk is naked for ﬁve Inches, and from

thence to the Top {land on each Side, a Row of '

fmall, oblong, and narrow Segments, refembling
fo many fmall Leaves, with an odd one at the
End. The whole Plant is of a bright green Co-
lour, but the Backs of thefe Diviﬁons of the Leaf,
are at a certain Seafon toward Autumn,ornament-
ed with a great Number of round brown Spots,
thefe are the Seeds: Thofe ‘of all Ferns are car-
ried in the fame Manner. The Root is long,
ﬂender, and creeps upon the Surface of old Stumps
of Trees among the Mofs. The Root is ufed, and
it is belt frelh, it is a fafe and gentle Purge, the
belt Way of giving it is in Decoétion, in which
Form it always operates alfo by Urine: It is good
in the Jaundice, and Dropﬁes, and is an excellent
Ingredient in Diet-drinks againl’t the Scurvy, but
belide thefe Conﬁderations, it is a fafe and good
Purge, on all common Occaﬁons.

The POMEGRANATE TREE.
GRANATUS.

; Common wild Tree in Spain and Italy, kept

with us in Gardens. It grows to the Bignefs
of our Apple-trees. The Branches fpread irregu-
larly, they have a redilh brown Bark, and have
here and there a few Thorns. The Leaves are
numerous; on the Extremities of the Branches
they are ﬁnall, oblong, narrow, and of a ﬁne
U 3 Green,

C

“/93 -,
, ~ $1

  

294'. The U/éful Family Herbal.
Green. The Flowers are large, and of a beauti—
ful deep Red: The Fruit is as big as a large
Apple, and has a brown woody Covering -, it con-
tains within, a great Qizintity of Seeds, with a
fweet and tart Juice about them. .

The Rind of the Fruit is ufed, it is to be dried
and given in Decoftion; it is a powerful Aﬁ‘rin-
gent: It {tops Furgings and Bleedings of all Kinds,
and is good againﬁ the Vv'hites.

' ~The WILD POMEGRANATE TREE.
BALAUSTIA.

Smaller Tree than the former, but like it in
its h’lanner of Growth; except that the
Branches are more crooked and irregular, and are
more thorny. The Leaves are ohlorg, ﬁnal], and
of a bright Green, and they are fet in Clufters
towards the End of the Branches. The Flowers
are beautiful, they are double like a Role, and of a
’ﬁne Purple.

The Flowers are the Part of the wild Pome-
granate ufed in lVledicine, ourDruggiﬁs keep them
and call them Balauﬁines. They are given in
Powder or Decoﬁion to {top Purgings, bloody
Stools, and Overﬂowings of the Mcnfes. A ﬁrong
Infuﬁon of them cures Ulcers in the Mouth and
Throat, and is good a Thing to walh the Mouth
for fattening the Teeth. .

The PUMPKIN.
‘ PEPO.

Very large and ﬁraggling Plant, cultivated by
our poor Peeple. The Stalks are very long
andthick, but they lie upon the Ground, they
are angulated and rough. The Leaves are ex-
tremely large, and of a, roundil‘n Figure, but
- - cornered

 

71m U ﬂful Famigy Herbal. {29 5
eorneredand angulated, and they are of a deep
green Colour, and rough to the Touch. The
Flowers are very large, and yellow, of a Bell—like
Shape, but angulated at the Mouth, and the Fruit
is of the Melon Kind, only bigger and round;
of a deep Green when unripe, but yellow at laﬁr,
in this, under the ﬁelhy Part, are contained many
large ﬂat Seeds.

The poor People mix the ﬂefhy Part of the
Fruit with Apples, and bake them in Pies. The
Seeds are excellent in Medicine, they are cooling
and diuretic, the belt Way of taking them is in
Emullions, made with Barley Water. They make
an Emulﬁon as milky as Almonds, and are prefef

rable to them, and all the coldISeeds in Stranguries
and Heat of Urine.

The BLACK POPLAR.
POPULUS NIGRA

A Tall Tree, frequent about Waters, and of a
very beautiful Afpet‘t. The Trunk is co—
vered with a ﬁnooth pale Bark, the Branches are
numerous, and grow with a Sort of Regularity.
The Leaves are fhort and broad, roundilh at the
Bale, but ending in a Point; they are of a glolfy
{hining Green, and ﬁand on long Foot—Stalks.
The Flowers and Seeds are inconﬁderable, they
appear in Spring, and are little regarded.

The young Leaves of the black Poplar are eX«
cellent mixed in Pultices, to be applied to hard,
painful Swellings.

U4, VThe

 

 

1] i‘. ms)

296 ﬁe U/éful FaﬁiiZy Herhzl. 1'

The WHITE POPPY.
PAPAVER ALBUM.

A Tall and beautiful Plant, kept in our Gar~
dens, a Native of the warmer Climates. It
\ grows a Yard and half high : The Stalk is round,
mooth, upright, and of a bluilh Green; the
Leaves are very long, conﬁderably broad, and
deeply and irregularly cut in at the Edges, they
are alfo a of bluifh green Colour, and {tand irregu-
larly on the Stalk. The Flowers are very, large
and White, one {tands at the Top of each Divi-
Iion of the Stalk, when they are fallen, the Seed-
Veﬁél, or Poppy Head, grows to the Bignefs of
a large Apple, and contains within it a very great
Qiantity of {mall whitifh Seeds, with feveral
ikinny Diviﬁons.

When any Part of the Plant is broken, there

ﬂows out a thick milky Juice, of a ﬁrong, bitter,
and hot Taf’te, very like that of Opium, and full
as difagreeable.
‘ The Heads are ufed with us, and fometimes
the Seeds. Of,the Heads boiled in Water, is
made the Syrup of Diacodium. The Heads are to
be dried for this Purpofe, and the Decoétion is to
be made as Ptrong as pomble, and then boiled up
with Sugar. The Seeds are beaten up into Emul—
lions with Barley-Water, and they are good a~
gainﬁ Stranguries, and Heat of Urine; they have
nothing of the {leepy Virtue of the Syrups, nor
of the other Parts or Preparations of the Poppy.
Syrup of Diacodium, puts Pe0ple to fleep; but
gently, and is fafer than Opium or Laudanum.

Opium is nothing more than the milky Juice
of this Plant concreted, it is obtained from the
Heads: They cut them While upon the Plant in
the warmer Countries, and the Juice which ﬂows

‘ 3 , out

 

77w U ﬂful Family Heréal. 297
out of the Wound, hardens and becomes Opium:
They make an inferior Kind, alfo by bruiﬁng and
fqueezing the Heads. Laudanum is a Tincture
of this Opium made in Wine. Either one or the
other is given to compofe People to ﬂeep, and to
abate the Senfe of Pain, they are alfo cordial and
promote Sweat; but. they are to be given with
great Care and Caution, for they are very power-
ful‘, and therefore they may be very dangerous
Medicines. It is good to ﬂop violent Purgings
and Vomiting, but this muf’t be eﬂ’eé‘ted by fmall
Dofes carefully given. The prefentiPraEtice de~
pends upon Opium, and Bleeding for the Cure of
the Bite of a mad Dog: But it is not eafy to fay,
that any Perfon ever was cured, who became tho-
roughly dil‘tempered from that Bite. One of the
grongef’t Inflances we have known, was in a Per-
fon at St. George’s Hofpital, under the Cure of
Dr. Iloadly, there was an Appearance of the
Symptoms, and the Cure was effected by this
Method.

BLACK POPPY. .
PAPAVER NIGRUM.

A Tall and ﬁne Plant, but not fo elegant as the
Former. It is 21 Yard high. The Stalk is
round, upright, ﬁrm, and fmooth, and toward
the Top divides into fome Branches. The Leaves
are long, and broad, of a bluifh green Colour,
and deeply and irregularly cut in at the Edges.
The Flowers are large and ﬁngle: They are of a
(lead purple Colour, with a black Bottom. The
Heads or Seed-VelTels are round, and of the Big-
nefs of a Walnut. The Seed is black.
A Syrup of the Heads of this Poppy, is a
l’tronger Soporiﬁc than the common Diacodium,
but it is not ufed. The Gentlenefs of that Medi-,

cine .

 

mﬁ,ev~ww-ov~r"' < i *1, V. “mm.- 3;, w - ~.
. . . ‘

 

29 8 75¢ “(J/sf”; me'g'y 'Heréai.
cine is its Merit: When fomething more powerful

isufed, it is better to have recourfe to Opium,
or Laudanum.

RED POPPY.
PAPAVER ERRATICUM.

’ Common Wild Plant in our Corn Fields, di-

f’tinguifhetl by its great fcarlet Flowers. It
is 21 Foot high. The Stalk is round, ﬂender,
hairy, of a pale Green, and branched, The
Leaves are long and narrow, of a dulky Green,
hairy, and very deeply, but Very regularly in-
dented. The Flowers are very large, and of an
extremely bright and fine fearlet Colour, 3 little
blacliilh toward the Bottom. The Head is fmall,
not larger than a Horfe Bean, and the Seeds are
linall, and of a dark Colour. The whole Plant
is full of a bitter yellowilh Juice, which runs out
when it is any where broken, and has fomething
of the Smell of Opium. '

The Flowers are ufed. A Syrup is made from
them by pouring as much boiling Water on them
as will jult wet them, and after a Night’s ftanding,
liraining it 05, and adding twice its Weight of
Sitgar: This is the famous Syrup of red Poppies.
It gently promotes Sleep. It is a much weaker
Medicine than the Diaeodium. It is greatly re-
commended in Pleuriﬁes and Fevers, but this
upon 'no good Foundation. It is very wrong to
depend upon fuch Medicines: It prevents having
reeourfe to better.

The

   
 

 

«ya-g , ,

mu; ,'.~»'..i1m mﬂmfm, 4m» ‘

M» umber» «

‘iW’k'awlaii-‘Imr n.

if

 

v 1...,
<3,"
:1

1772:: Uﬂzfu‘l Famibz VHéréli/z‘l. 2'99:

. The PRIMROSE..
PRIMULA VERIS.

A Very pretty, and very common Spring Plant.
The Leaves are long, conﬁderably broad, of
apale Green, and wrinkled on the Surface: T hey
grow immediately from the Root in conﬁderable
Numbers. The Stalks which fupport the Flowers
are ﬁngle, (lender, four or ﬁve Inches high, a
little hairy, and have no Leaves on them: One
Flower {lands at the TOP of each, and is large,
white, and beautiful, with a yellow Spot in'the
Middle. The Root is ﬁbrous and whitilh. , y
The Root is ufed. The Juice of it, fnulfed up
the Nofe, occaﬁons Sneezing, and is a good Re—
medy againft the Head-ach. The dried Root
powdered, has the fame Effect, but not [0 power-
fully.

PRIVET.
LIGUSTRUM.

Little wild Shrub in our Hedges. It grows

four Feet high. The Stalks are ﬂender,
tough, and covered with a fmooth brown Bark.
The Leaves are oblong and narrow: They are
ﬁnall, of a dufky green Colour, broadelt in the
lViiddle, and placed in Pairs oppoﬁte to one ano-
ther, and they are of a fornewhat ﬁrm Subl’tance,
and have no indenting at the Edges. The F low—
ers are white and little, but they ltand in Tufts at
the Ends of the Branches, and by that make a
good Appearance. The Fruit is a black Berry,
one fucceeds to every Flower in the Clutter.

The Tops are ufed ; and they are belt when the
Flowers arejult beginning to bud. A {irong In-
fulion of them in V’v'ater, with the Addition of a

little

3‘00 - 7724: U jéfu/ Family Heréal.

little Honey and. Red Wine, is excellent to wafh
the Mouth and Throat when there are little Sores
in them, and when the Gums are apt to bleed.

PURSLAIN.
PORTULACA.

A Common Plant in our Gardens, and of a vee
ry ﬁngular Afpeét: We have few f0 fuccu-

lent. It grows a Foot long, but trails on the '

Ground. The Stalks are round, thick, and
ﬂefhy, of a redifh Colour, and very brittle.
The Leaves are fhort and broad: They are of a
good Green, thick, ﬂelhy, and broad, and blunt
at the End. The Flowers are little and yellow:
They {land among the Leaves toward the Tops
of the Stalks. The Root is fmall, ﬁbrous, and
Wllitiﬂl.

Purﬂain is a pleafant Herb in Sallads, and fo

wholefome, that ’tis Pity more of it is not eaten :1

It is excellent againf’t the Scurvy. The Juice
freih preﬁ'ed out with a little White Wine, works
by Urine, and is excellent againft Stranguries
and violent Heats, and alfo againfl the Scurvy.

 

Q

The (MINCE TREE.
CYDONIA.

Common Tree in our Gardens, of irregular
Growth. The Trunk is thick, and has a
brown Bark. The Branches are numerous, {trag-
gling, and fpreading. The Leaves are roundifh,
of a duiky Green on the upper Side, and whitifh
underneath. The Flowers or Bloﬁ'oms are large
and

. g:

The Ufeful FamiZy Heréal. '30:
and beautiful, of a pale Helh Colour. The F run.
is of the Shape of a Pear, and has a large Crown: 2
It is yellow when ripe, and of a pleafant Smell:
Its Tafte is auﬁere, but agreeable. The Seeds
are foft and mucilaginous.

The Fruit and Seeds are ufed. The Juice of
the ripe Qiince made into a Syrup with Sugar, is
excellent to [top vomiting, and to ﬁrengthen the
Stomach. The Seed, boiled in Water, gives it a
Softnefs, and mucilaginous @ality, and it is an
excellent Medicine for fore Mouths, and may be
ufed to foften and moif’ten the Mouth and Throat
in F evers.

 

R.
The RADISH.
RAPHANUS.

Common Plant in our Gardens, the Root 0

which is eaten abundantly in Spring. In this
State we only fee a long and ﬂender Root, of a
purple or fcarlet Colour, (for there are thefe Vari-
e-ties) mingled with white; from which grow a
Qiantity of large rough Leaves, of a deep green
Colour, and irregularly divided: Amidf’c thefe in
Summer, rites the Stalk, which is a Yard high,
round, and very much branched. The Leaves
on it are much fmaller than thofe from the Root.
The Flowers are very numerous, fmall and white,
with fome Spots of red. The Pods are thick,
long, and fpungy.

The Juice of the Radifh Roots frefh gathered,
with a little White Wine, is an excellent Remedy
againf’c the Gravel. Scarce any Thing operates

- more

 

3.0 2 He U/éfu/ Family Herb].-
more fpeedily by Urine, or brings away little“
Stones more fuccefsfully. .

HORSE RA'DISH.
RAPHANUS RUSTICANUS.

APlant as well known in our Gardens as the
other, and wild alfo in many Places. The
Root is very long, and of an exceedingly acrid
T ai’te, f0 that it cannot be eaten as the other.
The Leaves are two Feet long, and half a Foot
broad, of a deep green Colour, blunt at the Point,
and a little indented at the Edges: Sometimes
there are Leaves deeply cut, and divided, but
that is an accidental Variety. The Stalks are 21
Yard high : The LeaVes on them are very {mall
and narrow, and at the Tops {land little white
Flowers, in long Spikes: Thele are followed by
little Seed-Vefiels. The Plant feldom ﬂowers,
and when it does, the Seeds fcarce ever ripen. It
is propagated fuﬂiciently by the Root, and where—
ever this is the Cafe, Nature is lefs careful about
Seeds.

The Juice of Horfe' Radifh Root Operates ve—
ry powerfully by Urine, and is good againl’t the
Jaundice and Dropl‘y. The Root whole, or cut
to Pieces, is put into Diet Drink, to fweeten the
Blood -, and the eating~ frequently and in- (Quinti-
ties, at '1‘able, is good againlt the Rlieumatilin.

RAGWORn
JACOBEA.

A\Vild Plant, very common in our Pai’tures,

and diliinguilhed by its ragged Leaves, and
Clul’ters of yellow F lowers. It is two Feet high.
The talk is robul‘t, round, ﬁrinted, and olten
purplilh. The Leaves; are divided in an odd
Manner

  

5m Uﬁful Faﬁzﬂy Haw/If 333

.

Manner, into feveral Parts, £0 that they look tom

or ragged: Their Colour is a dark dulky Green,‘

and they grow to the Stalk without any Foot—
Stalk, and are broad and rounded at the End.
The Flowers are moderately large and yellow,
and the Tops of the Branches are fo covered with
them, that they often fpread together to the
Breadth of a Plate. The whole Plant has a dill
agreeable Smell. The Root is ﬁbrous, and the
Seeds are downy.

The frelh Leaves are ufed; but it is belt to take
thofe that rife immediately from the Root, for
they are larger and more juicy than thofe on the
Stalk: They are to be mixed in Puitices, and ap—
plied outwardly as a Remedy againﬁ: Pains in the
Joints: They have a furpriﬁng Eli‘eét. It is faid
that two or three Times applied, they will cure
the Sciatica, or Hip Gout, when ever f0 Violent. ,»

The RASPBERRY BUSH.
RUBUS IDZEUS.

.A. Little Shrub, common in our Gardens, but

wild alfo in fome Parts of the Kingdom.
The Stalks are round, weak, tender, of a pale
Brown, and prickly. The Leaves are each com-
pofed offive others: They are large, of a pale Green,
indented about the Edges, and hairy. The F low—
ers are little, of a whitifh Colour, with a great
(kmntity of Threads in the Middle. The Fruit
is the common Rafpberry, compofed like the
Bl:1cl~;berry of feveral Grains: It is foft to the
Touch, and of a delicate Tafte. The Colour va-
ries, for white ones are common.

The Juice of ripe Rafpberries, boiled up with
Sugar, makes an excellent Syrup. It is pleafant,
and agreeable to the Stomach, good againft Sick—
nefles and Reachings. ‘ ’

The

. ' ‘ a3

1

304. The U/éfu/ Family Herbal.

The RATTLE-S‘NAKE Roor PLANT.
SENNEKKA. '

ASmall Plant, Native of America, with weak

Stalks, -litt1e Leaves, and white Flowers. It
grows 21 Foot high. The Stalks are numerous,
weak, and round, few of them {land quite up-
right, fome generally lie upon the Ground. The

Leaves {’tand irregularly: They are oblong and
{omewhat broad, and of a pale Green. The

Flowers are little and white : They f’tand in a
Kind of loofe Spikes, at the Teps of the Stalks,
and perfectly refemble thofe of the commont Plant
we call Milkwort, of which it is indeed a Kind:
The whole Plant has very much the Afpeft of the
taller Kind of our EngZi/b Milkwort. The Root
is of a fingular form: his long, irregular, {len-
der, and divided into many Parts, and thefe have
on each Side, a Kind of membranous Margin
hanging from them, which makes it dillinét in its
Appearance, from all the other Roots ufed in the
Shops.

We owe the Knowledge of this Medicine, ori-
ginally to the Indians: They give it as a Remedy
againl’t the Poifon of the Rattle-Snake, but it has
been extolled, as polieﬂing great Virtues. Dr.
Temzant brought it into England, and we received
it as a powerful Remedy againf’t Pleuriﬁes, Qum—
zies, and all other Difeafes where the Blood was
ﬁzey, it was laid to dilTolve this dangerous Tex-
ture, better than all other known Medicines, but
Experience does not feem to have warranted alto—
gether theft: Elfeéts, for it is at prefent neglected,
after a great many and very fair Trials.

When this Remedy was difcovered, to be the
Root of a Kind of Polygola, which Difcovery was
owing to the Gentleman who brought it over, an?

Wit 1

 

 

w
4
fi‘

w

732' Ufeful Family Herédl. 30 5
with it fome of the Plant, for the Infpeétion of.
. the Curious. . The Roots of “the Eﬂglzﬂ) Polygala
were tried; 'thofe of the common blue or white
ﬂowered Milkwort, for that Variety is purely yac-
cidental, and they were found to have the fame
Effects: They were given by fome in Pleuriﬁes,
with great Succefs. It was faid at that Time,
they had lefs Virtues than» the Sennekka Root,
though of the fame Kind; but it mul’t be remem-
bered, the Virtues of the Sennekka Root were
then fuppofed to be much greater than they really
were. The Novelty adding to the Praife.

The CoMMoN REED.
A R U N D O.-

ATall Water Plant fufﬁciently knO’Wn. The

Stalks are round, hard, jointed, and ﬁx or
eight Feet high. The Leaves are long and broad,
but otherwife like thofe of Grafs, of a pale green

Colour, and highly ribbed. The Flowers are.

brown and chany, and f’tand in prodigious Num-
bers at the Tops of the Stalks, in a Kind of
Panicle. The Roots are knotty and jointed, and
fpread vaﬁly.

The Juice of the frefh R00ts of Reeds pro‘
motes the Menfes powerfully, but not violently.
It is an excellent Medicine: It works by Urine
alfo; and is good againl’t Stranguries and the
Gravel. ‘

PRICKLY RESTHARROW.
ANONIS SPINOSA.

A Little, tough, and almoi’t lhrubby Plant, com-
mon in our dry Fields, and by Road Sides,

It is a Foot high. The Stalks are round, redilh,
tough, and almoi’t woody. The Leaves are nue
X merous :

"*‘XVWKP-w‘YmhTyuu.Y‘-xpf,~'-»e-;. . ‘e , ‘ . .- , ‘r-s \

  

306 size Uﬁfal Family, Heréaﬁ

. merous : They ﬁan’d three on every Foot-Stalk,
and grow pretty clofe to the Stalk. There are
feveral ﬂiort and {harp Prickles ,about the Stalks,
principally at the Infertions of the Leaves. The
Leaves are of a dufky Green, and ferrated about
the Edges. The Flowers are {mall and purple :
They ﬁand among the Leaves, towards the Tops ‘
of the Stalks, and are in Shape like Pea Bloﬁ'oms, i»
but flatted: Each is followed by a {mall Pod. f
The Root is white, very long, tough, and ‘
woody.

The Root is to be taken up freih for Ufe, and
the Bark feparated .for that Purpofe. It is to be
boiled in Water, and the Decoétion given in large-
Quantities. It is good againﬂ: the Gravel, and in.
all Obi’truétions by Urine; and it is alfo good in
thevDrOpfy and Jaundice.

 

RHAPONTIC. ?
RHAPONTICUM, SIVE RH'A. ‘
A Tall robuﬂ: Plant, Native of Soil/9221, but

kept in many of our Gardens. It grows four
Feet high. The Stalk is round, ﬁriated, an Inch ,
thick, fometimes hollow, and'very upright. The 3
Leaves are large and broad: Thofe from the
Root are about at Foot and a half long, and a
Foot broad, of a deep green Colour, with large
Ribs, and blunt at the Ends. The Flowers are
linall and white: They [hand in Cluﬁers at the
Tops of the Stalks, and are fucceeded by trian-
gular. Seeds.

The Root is‘the Part ufed, and this is what the
Antients uled, under the Name of Rim. It is _
of the Nature of Rhubarb, but diﬁerent in this,
that it is lefs purgative, and more aﬁringent";
for this Reafon, there are many Purpofes, which-
it would anfwer much better. We have it ﬁt

I 6 '

hf?

YZe Uﬂzful Famiér Heréal. . 30.7
the Druggilts, but there is no depending upon
what they fell, for they feldom keep it genuine.

R I C a,
ORYZA.

A Very common Plant, in the Eajt‘, {own in the
‘ Fields for the Sake of the Seed or Grain.
It grows four Feet high; the Stalk is round, hol-
low, and jointed; 'the Leaves are long and graﬂ‘y,
and of a pale green Colour, but they are .broader
than thofe of any of our Kinds of Com; The
Flowers are inconﬁderable, the Seeds or Grains
are contained in Buﬂies of a brown Colour, each
having a long Beard to it, ufually curled at the
Bottom, and divided at the Top into two Parts.
We eat Rice as a Food rather than Medicine ;
but it is excellent for thofe Who have habitual
Purgings or LoofenelTes; it is to be eaten any
way for this Purpofe, only it mul’t be continued,
and it will do more than all the Medicines in the
World. The Rice-Milk is excellent for this.

Purpofe.

GARDEN ROCKET.
ERUCA SATIVA.

A Common Plant in our Gardens, two Feet
high, and very erect. The Stalk is round
and of a deep Green; the Leaves are oblong, con-
ﬁderably broad, of a deep green Colour, and
divided at the Edges: The Flowers are modes
rately large, and of a whitifh Colour, veined with
Purple, and they {land in a long Spike at the Top
of the Stalk. The Pods are long and ﬂender.
Some People are fond of Rocket as a Sallad
Herb, but it is not very pleafant. ' It works by

Urine, and is good againlt the Scurvy. A ﬂrong
X 2 Infuﬁon

\

'.""~."' , L Q, . , r ‘
l are"
~3~ "‘1’!"

 

308 The U ﬂful Family Heréal.
Infuﬁon of the Leaves made into a Syrup is good

againl’t Coughs, it caufes Expeétoration, and
eafes the Lungs. ‘

The DOG ROSE, OR WILD ROSE.

CYNOSBATUS, SIVE ROSA SYL-
, VESTRIS.

Common Bulh in our Hedges. The Stalks

or Stems are round, woody, and very prickly.
The Leaves are compofed each of feveral fmaller,
thefe ﬁand in Pairs on a Rib, with an odd one at
the End; and they are fmall, oblong, of a bright
gloﬂ‘y green Colour, and regularly indented at the
Edges. The Flowers are ﬁngle, large, and very
beautiful: There is fomething Iimple and elegant
in their Afpec‘t that pleafes many, more than all the
double Rofes raifed by Culture. They are white,
but with a Blulh of Red, and very beauti-
ful. The Fruit that follows thefe, is the com-
mon Hip, red, oblong, and containing a great
Qiantity of hairy Seeds.

The Fruit is the only Part ufed, the Pulp is
feparated from the Skins and Seeds, and beat up
into a Conferve with Sugar; this is/a pleafant
Medicine, and is offome Efﬁcacy againi’t Coughs.

Tho’ this is the only Part that is uléd, it is not
the only that deferves to be. The Flowers, ga-
thered in the Bud and dried, are an excellent
Aﬁringent, made more powerful than the red
Rofes that are commonly dried for this Purpofe.
A Tea, made l’trong of ,thefe dried Buds, and
fome of them given with it twice a Day in Pow-
der, is an excellent Medicine for Overﬂowings of ‘
the Menfes, it feldom fails to el’feét a Cure. The
Seeds feparated from the Fruit, dried and pow-p
dered, work by Urine, and are good againit the
Gravel, but they do not work very powerfully.

3 . Upon

wé

\

72m Uﬂful Family Heréal.‘ 309

Upon the Branches of this Shrub, there grow
a Kind of lpungy ﬁbrous Tufts, of a green or
redilh Colour, they are called Bedeguar. They
are caufed by the Wounds made by Infeéts in the
Stalks, as the Calls are produced upon the Oak.
They are aﬁringent, and may be given in Powder
againi’c Fluxes. ' They are faid to work by Urine,
‘lJut Experience does not warrant this.

THE DAMAsK ROSE;
ROSA DAMASCENA.

A Common Shrub in our Gardens, very much

refembling that in our Hedges laﬂ: mentioned.
It grows ﬁve or ﬁx Feet high, but the Stalks are
not very ﬁrong, or able to fupport themfelves.
They are round, and befet with {harp Prickles.
The Leaves are each compofed of two or three
Pairs of ﬁnaller ones, with an odd one at the
End; They are whitilh, hairy, and broad, and
are indented at the Edges. The Flowers are large
and very beautiful, of a pale red Colour, full
of Leaves, and of an extremely fweet Smell, the
Fruit is like the common Hi .

The Flowers are ufed. The belt Way of
giving them is in aSyrup thus made. Pour boil-
ing Water upon a Quantity of frelh gathered Da-
mafk Roles jul’t enough to cover them, let them
ﬁand four and twenty Hours, then prefs oﬂ“ the Li~
quor, and add to it twice the Quantity of: Su~
gar, melt this, and the Syrup is completed. It
is an excellent Purge for Children; and there is
not a better Medicine for grown People, who are
fubjeﬂ: to be coilive. A little of it taken every
Night will keep the Body open continually: Me-
dicines that purge ﬁrongly, bind afterwards. Rofe
Water is diﬂilled from this Kind.

X

D

3 The

3 IO The 'U/éful Family Herbal.

The WHITE Rose.
ROSA ALBA.

A Common Shrub alfo in our Gardens. It

grows ten or twelve Feet high, but is not
very able to fupport itfelf upright. The Stalks
are round, prickly, and very much branched.
The Leaves are of a dufky Green, each com-
pofed of feveral Pairs of fmaller, with an odd one
at the End. The Flowers are fomewhat fmaller,
than thofe of the Damalk—Rofe, but of the fame
Form: and their Colour is white, and they have
lefs Fragrance than the. Damafk. '

The Flowers are ufed. They are to be ga-
thered in the Bud, and ufed frefh or dry. A
ﬁrong Infuﬁon of them is good againlt Overﬂow~
ilpgs of the Menfes, and the Bleeding of the

iles. '

The RED ROSE.
ROSA RUBRA.

ANother Shrub common in our Gardens, and
the leal’t and lowef’t of the three Kinds of
Rofes. The Stalks are round, woody, weak,
and prickly, but they have fewer Prickles,
than thofe of the Damafk-Rofe: The Leaves are
large, they are compofed each of three 0r four
Pair of frnaller which are oval, of a dufky Green
and ferrated round the Edges. The Flowers are
of the Shape and Size of thofe of the Damafk-

.Rofe, but they are not f0 double, and they have

a great Qlantity of yellow Threads in the Middle.
They are of an exceeding ﬁne deep red Colour,
and they have very little Smell : The Fruit is like

the common Hip.
The Flowers are ufed. They are to be gathered
when in Bud, and cut from the Hulks without the
white

‘ "~" *‘ - “vi-191‘ » "31;.
9’ . l ‘ - ' ' 1‘» ’t’k_

 

 

7'52 Ufeful Family Heréal. 311
white Bottoms and dried. The Conferve of red
Rofes is made of thefe Buds prepared as for the
drying; they are beaten up with three Times
their Weight of Sugar. When dried, they have
more Virtue; they are given in Infuﬁon, and
fometimes in Powder againﬁ: Overﬂowings of the
Menfes, and all other Bleedings. Half an Ounce
of thefe dried Buds are to be put into an earthen
Pan, and a Pint of boiling Water poured upon
them after they have ﬂood a few Minutes, ﬁfteen
Drops of Oil of Vitriol are to be dropped in upon
them, and three Drams of the ﬁneft Sugar in
Powder is to be added at the fame Time, then
the whole is to be well ftirred about and covered
up, that it may cool leifurely: When cold, it is to
be poured clear oﬂ“. It is called Tincture ofRol'es;
it is clear, and of a ﬁne red (Colour. It I’crengthens
the Stomach and prevents Vomitings, and is a
powerful as well as a pleafant Remedy againi’t all
Fluxes.

ThC_ROSE-WOOD TREE.
RHODIU.M.

THERE are two Kinds of Wood known un-
der the Name of Rofe-Wood, the one from
the Eaﬂ, which, when frefh brought over, has a
very fragrant Smell, exceedingly like that of the
,Damaik—Rofe, and from the Wood is dii’tilled the
Oil, which is fold under the Name of Eﬂ'ence of
Damaik—Rofe, we have no Account of the Tree
which affords this. The other Rofe-Wood is the
Produce of 7amaz'm, and has very much of the
fragrant Smell of the Eaﬂ‘ern Kind, but it is not
the fame, the Tree which produces this is fully
:defcribed by that great Naturaliﬂ Sir Ham Sloane,
in his Hiffory ‘of the Ifland of jammed. The
‘T-ree grows twenty Feet or more in Height, and

. X 4 its

a" _ xgti'wwwt‘nj ‘»‘.

 

3 I 2 7773 Uﬁful Famibl Heréal.

its Trunk is very thick in Proportion. The
Leaves are each compofed of three or four Pairs
of fmaller, thefe {land at ,a Dii‘tance from one
another on the common Stalk, the Flowers are
little and white, and they grow in Cluﬂers, fo
that at a Dillance, they look like the Bunches of
Elder Flowers. The Fruit is a round Berry often,
each of the Bignefs of a Tare. The Wood of this
Tree is lighter, paler coloured, and of a loofer
Grain than the Eaﬂern Rofewood.

The Wood is faid to be good in nervous Dif-
Orders, but we feldom make any Ufe of it.

ROSEMARY.
ROSMARINUS.

A Pretty Shrub, wild in Spain and Frame, and

kept in our Gardens. It is ﬁve or ﬁx Feet
high, but weak and not well able to fupport it-
felf. The Trunk is covered with a rough Bark.
The Leaves {land very thick on the Branches,
which are brittle and ﬂender: They are narrow,
an Inch long, and thick, and they are of a deep
Green on the upper Side, and whitilh underneath.
The Flowers ﬁand at the Tops of the Branches
among the Leaves, they are large and very beau—
tiful, of a greyilh Colour, with a fomewhat red-
ilh Tinge, and of a very fragrant smell. Rofe-
mary, when in Flower, makes a very beautiful Ap-
pearance.

The ﬂowery Tops of Rofemary, frefh gathered,
contain its greateﬁ: Virtue. If they are ufed in
the Manner of Tea for a Continuance of Time,
they are excellent againll Head-achs, Tremblings
of the ,»leb5, and all other nervous Diforders.
A Conferve is made of them alfo, which very
well anfwers this Purpofe: But when the Conferve
is made only of the picked Flowers, it has Ids

’ _ Virtue.

 

 

 

p 3133;" ' ' ‘ ~ . ‘ . 1,

The Uﬂful Family Heréczl. 31 3
Virtue. The COnferve is belt made by beating
up the frefh gathered Tops with three Times their
Weight 'of Sugar. The famous Hungary Water
is made alfo of thefe ﬂowery Tops of Rofemary.
Put two Pound of thefe into acornrnon Still. , with’
two Gallons of Melaffes Spirit, and diﬁill off one
Gallon and a Pint. This is Hungary Water.

RosASOLIgOR.SUNDEw.
ROS SOLIS.

A Very fingular and very pretty little Plant,
common in boggy Places on our Heaths. It
grows ﬁx or feven Inches high. The Leaves all
rife immediately from the Root, they are roundifh
and hollow, of the Breadth of a ﬁlver Two—pence,
and placed on F cot—Stalks of an Inch long, they '
are covered in a very extraordinary Manner with
long red Hairs, and in the midﬁ of the hotteﬂ:
Days, they have aDrop of clear Liquor, ﬁanding
on them. The Stalks are {lender and naked; at
their Tops Rand little white Flowers, which are
fucceeded by Seed—Veﬁbls, and of an oblong
. Form, containing a Multitude of ﬁnall Seeds.
The Root is ﬁbrous. V g

The Whole Plant is ufed frelh gathered. It is
elteemed a great Cordial, and good againi’t Con—
vulﬁons, hyf‘teric Diforders, and Tremblings of
the Limbs -, but it is not much regarded.

RHUBARE
RHABARBARUM.

Tall, robuf‘t, and not unhandfome Plant, a
Native of many Parts of the Eaﬂ, and of late

got into our Gardens, after we had received many
others falﬂy called by its Name. ‘ I
t

”H‘V witﬂ‘w’lwmi . . .r
‘* ' \
,‘ , ,. .

nip}?

3 124. 777? U/éful Family Heréal.
It grows to three Feet in Height. The Stalk
is round, thick, ﬂriated, and of a greenifh Colour,
, frequently'ﬁained with Purple. The Leaves are
very large, and of a Figure approaching to tri-
angular; they are broad at the Bafe, [mall at the
Point, and waved all along the Edges. Thefe
ﬁand on thick hollowed F cot-Stalks, which are
frequently alfo redilh. The Flowers are whitilh,
ﬁnall, and inconﬁderable, they {tand at the Tops
’ of the Stalks in the Manner of Dock-F lowers, and
make little more Figure, the Seed is triangulated.
The Root is thick, long, and often divided to-
ward the Bottom, of a yellow Colour veined with
Purple: But the Purple appears much more
plainly in the dry, than in the frelh Root.

The Root is ufed: Its Virtues are fuﬂiciently
known, it is a gentle Purge, and has an after
Aﬁringen‘cy. It is excellent to ﬁrengthen the
Stomach and Bowels, to prevent Vomitings; and
carry oh“ the Caufe of Cholics, in the Jaundice
alfo it is extremely ufeful. Rhubarb and Nutmeg
toaﬁed together“ before the Fire, make an excel-
lent Remedy againf’c Purgings. There is fcarce
any chronic Difeaie in which Rhubarb is not
ferviceable;

The Rhapontic Monks Rhubarb and falfe
Monks Rhubarb all approach to the Nature of
the true Rhubarb, they have been deferibed al—
ready in their Ieveral Places. .

RUE.
RUTA.

A Pretty little Shrub frequent in our Gardens.
It grows three or four Feet high. The Stem

is ﬁrm, upright, and woody; very tough, and

covered with a whitilh Bark. The Branches are

numerous, and the young Shoots are refund, greena,
2 . ‘ an

   
 

 

 

’ 1* 55.» '
"hr

The Uﬂaful Famzbl Heréal. 31 5
and fmooth, the Leaves are compofed of many
{mallet Diviﬁons, they are of a blue green Colour,
and ﬂcfhy Subﬂance; and each Diviﬁon is fhort,
obtufe,’ and roundifh. The Flowers are yellow,
not large, but very confpicuous, they have a
Quantity of Threads in the Center, and they are
fucceeded by rough Seed-Veffels. \

Rue is to be ufed frelh gathered, and the Tops
of the young Shoots contain its greateﬂ: Virtue.
They are to be given in Infuﬁon; or they may
be beaten up into a Conferve With three Times
their Weight of Sugar, and taken in that Form.
The Infuﬁon is an excellent Medicine in F evers,
it raifes the Spirits, and promotes Sweat, drives
any thing out, and is good againi’c Head-achs,
and all other nervous Diforders which attend cer—
tain Fevers. The Conferve is good againfl: Weak-
nelTes of the Stomach, and Pains in the Bowels.
It is pleafant, and may be taken frequently by
People fubjeé‘t to hyf’teric Diforders with great
Advantage. ,

RUPTURE—WOR’I‘.
HERNIARIA.

Little low Plant, wild in fome Parts of the
Kingdom, but not common, and kept in the
Gardens of the Curious. It grows three or four
Inches long, but the Stalks lie on the Ground:
Many grow from the fame Root, and they fpread
into a kind of circular Figure. They are ﬂender,
round, jointed, and of a pale Green. The Leaves
are very fmall, and nearly of an oval Figure, they
{tand two at each Joint; and are alfo of a pale
Green. The Leaves are very fmall, the Root is

very long, but not thick.
TheJuice of the freﬂi gathered Herb, externally
applied, has been much celebrated againf’c Rup—
,. ‘ . tures;

 

 

\ ,n“

‘ 3 I 5 7%}; Ufeful Family Headl-

tures: Perhaps without any great Foundation;
An Infuﬁon of it, taken inwardly, works by Urine,
and is very good againﬂ: the Gravel, and in the
Jaundice.

 

S.

SAFFRON.
CROCUS.

A Very pretty Plant, of the fame Kind with
. what are called Crocus’s in our Gardens.
It is planted in Fields, in fome Parts of England,
and yields a very proﬁtable Kind of Produce.
The Flowers of this Plant appear in Autumn, but
the Leaves not till fometime after they are fallen.
Thefe Flowers have, properly fpeaking, no Stalk ;-
they rife immediately from the Root, which is
roundifh, and as big as a large Nutmeg, and they
ﬂand a little Way above the Surface of the Ground;
they are of a purplilh Blue, and very large, the
lower Part is covered with a Ikinny Hulk. In the
Center of thefe ﬁand three Stamina, or Threads,
with yellow Tops, which are ufelefs, but in the
Midﬂ: between thefe rifes up what is called the
Piftil of the Flower. This is the Rudiment of
the future Seed—veiTel, it is oblong and whitifh, ‘
and at its Top feparates into three F ilaments;
thefe are long, and of an Orange fcarlet Colour 5
thefe three Filaments are the only Part of the
Plant that is ufed, they are what we call Saffron.
They are carefully taken out of the Flower and
prelTed into Cakes, which Cakes we fee under the
, i Name

 

 

 

 

W

The U/éful Fémzb Heréal. ~ 3,1,7

Name of Englzjb Saffron, and which is allowéd‘ to '
be the bei‘c in the World. -
The Leaves are long and graﬂ‘y,» of a dark
green Colour, and very narrow. They are of no
Ufe. _
Saffron is a noble Cordial.

BASTARD SAFFRoN.
CARTHAMUS.

APlant in its whole Afpeé‘t as unlike to that
which produces the true Saﬂ’ron, as one. '
Herb can be to another; but called by this
Name, becaufe of the yellow Threads, which grow
from the Flower. It is of the Thil’tle Kind,
two Feet and a half high, and very upright.
The Stalk is round, angulated, and branched,
but it is not prickly. The Leaves are oblong,
broad, round at the Points and prickly about the
Edges. The Flowers ﬂzand at the Tops of the
Branches: They conﬁft of roundilh, fcaly, and
prickly Heads, with yellow Flowers growing
from amongft them : Thefe are like the F lOWers
in the Heads of our Thiftles but narrower and
longer. ‘
Thefe Flowers are ufed by the Dyers in fome,
Parts of Europe. The Seed is therPart taken into
the Shops: It is longil‘n, covered, and white with
a hard Covering, it is to be given in Infuﬁon,
which works both by Vomit and Stool, but.
not violently. It is good againi’t Rheumatifms,
and the Jaundice. ‘

SAGA-

 

‘ «‘x ' N§<§-rtfivng ', l\‘j“71\l.<'wn 2' .- V ,, ;

”3.x, ‘ iQ-K'L ‘

gr“

 

‘ , 3 I 8 . 77w Uﬂful Famig'y Heréal.

.SAGAPENUM PLANT.
SAGAPENUM.

A Large Plant, Native of PeIﬂa and the Eaﬂ-
Indies, and defcribed but imperfectly to us;
however, {0 that we have Conﬁrmation, that the
Defcription is authentic, if not f0 ﬁnilhed in all
its Parts as we could wilh. It grows upon the
Mountains, and is eight Feet high, the Leaves-
are very large, and are compofed of a great Mul-
titude of little Parts, which are ﬁxed to a divided
Rib, and are of a bluifh green Colour, and when
bruifed, of a ﬂrong fmell. TheStalk is thick, ﬁriated,
round, hollow, and upright, purplifh toward the
Bottom, but green upwards. The Leaves which
ﬁand on it are like thofe which rife from the Root,
only fmaller. The Flowers are little and yellow--
ilh, they ﬁand in very large Umbels at the Tops
of the Stalks; and each of them is fucceeded by
twd Seeds, thefe are ﬂat, large, brown, and {triat-
ed. The Root is long, thick, of a yellowilh
Colour, and of a difagreeable Smell. This is the
Account we have from thofe who have been of
late in the Ed]! : And there is a great deal to con—
ﬁrm it. We ﬁnd among Reﬁn which is brought
over to us, pieces of the Stalk and many Seeds
of the Plant : Thefe agree with the Defcription.
I procured fome of the Seeds picked out of fome
Sagapenum, by young Mr. Siﬂon, to be fowed
with all proper Care at the Lord Petra, whofe
principal Gardener was an excellent Perfon at his
Buﬁnefs, and with them fome Seeds of the Am-
moniacum Plant, picked alfo out of a large Qlan-
tity of that Gum. Thofe of the Ammoniacum‘
Plant all perilhed; from the Sagapenum Seeds,
though more than an Hundred were fown, we

had only one Plant, and that perifhed by fome
Acci:

 

 

k3

The Uﬂful’deié' Heréal. 3 r9

Accident very young, but What we law of the
Leaves, gave credit to the Account given of
the Plant by Mr. Williams, who told us he had
feen it in Per/1a. Thefe are curious Parts of
Knowledge, and they are worth profecuting by
thofe who have Leifure: The Succefs of this EX-
periment fhews the Poﬂibility of railing fome of
thofe Plants at home, which we never have been
able to get truly or fully defcribed to us.

We ufe a Gum Reﬁn obtained from the Roots
of this Plant, by cuting them and catching the
Juice, we call this, when concreted into Lumps,
Sagapenum. We have it either ﬁner in fmall
Pieces, or coarfer in Malies; it is brownilh with-
a caft of Red, and will grow {oft with the Heat
of the Hand ; it is difagreeable both in Smell
and Taﬁe, but it is an excellent Medicine. It is‘
good for all Diforders of the Lungs ariﬁng from
a tough Phlegm, and alfo in nervous Cafes. It
has been found a Remedy in inveterate Head-achs,
after many other Medicines have failed. It is one
of thofe Drugs, too much neglected by the Pre-
fent Practice which encourages the Ufe of others
that have not half theirVirtue: But there are F afhi-
ons in Phyﬁc, as there are in all other Things.

RED SAGE.
SALVIA HORTENSIS.

THE common Sage of our Gardens. It is a
a Kind of fhrubby Plant a Foot or two high,

and full of Branches. The Stem is tough, hard,
woody, and covered with a brown rough Bark, the
fmaller Branches are reddilh, the Leaves are ob-
long, and broad; they ltand on long Foot-Stalks,
and are of a ﬁngular rough Surface, and of a
redilh Colour. The Flowers grow on Stalks that
rife only at that Seafon of the Year, and Prand up.
a great

“s:

3 20 We U/éfzzl FamzZy‘ Héréal.

a great deal above the ref: of the Surface of the‘
Plant, they are large and blue, and are. of the
Figure of the dead Nettle Flowers, only they
gape vaﬂly more. The whole Plant has a plea—
fant Smell. The Leaves and Tops are ufed, and
they’are beft frelh, the common Way of taking
them, in Infulion, or in Form of what is called
Sage-Tea, is better than any other: They are
coldial, and good againf‘t all Difeafes of the Nerves,
they promote Perfpiration, and throw any Thing
out which ought to appear upon the Skin.
The Juice of Sage works by Urine, and promotes
the Menfes.

SAGE OF VIRTUE.
SALVIA MINOR.
ANother ihrubby Plant, very like the former in

its Manner of Growth, but wanting its red
‘ Colour. It is 21 Foot or two in Height, and very
bulhy. The Stem is woody. The Branches are
numerous. The Leaves are oblong, narrower
’ than in common Sage, and of a whitifh green Co-
lour: There is often a Pair of {mall Leaves at
the Bafe of each larger. The Flowers grow in
the fame Manner as in the red Sage, but they are
fmaller. The whole Plant has a pleafant Smell.
The green Tops are ufed; and their Virtues
are much the fame with thofe of the former, but
they are lefs. It got into Ufe, from an Opinion
that the other was too hot, but this was idle. ‘

Woonv

 

 

 

71% U feful Family Heréal. 3 2 I

WOOD SAGE.
SALVIA AGRESTIS.

Wild Plant, common in Woods and Hedges,
with Leaves like Sage, and Spikes of fmall
Flowers. It grows to two Feet and a half high.
The Stalk is fquare, ﬁrm, ﬂender, and upright.
The Leaves ﬂtand two at each Joint : They are
fomewhat fhorter and broader than thofe ‘of Sage,
of a green Colour, and ferrated about the Edges.
The Flowers are numerous, and very fmall : They
Rand in long Spikes, and are of a greenilh
yellow Colour, with fome red Threads in them.
The Plant has a ﬁngular Smell, with fomething
of the Garlic Flavour, but that not ﬁrong.
The Tops are to be ufed frelh. Made into an
Infuﬁon, they promote Urine and the Menfes : The
Juice of them drank for a Continuance, is excel-
lent againl’t Rheumatic Pains.

The SALEP PLANT.
ORCHIS ORIENTALIS.

A Very pretty Plant, of the Nature of our
common Orchis, Native of the Bali, but grow—

ing to agreater Height and producing larger Roots
than with us, tho’ it feems very nearly allied to
what we call the Tall Female Orchis, with large
Flowers, which is frequent in our Meadows. It
grows in damp Ground, and is 21 Foot high. The
Stalk is round, juicy, and tender. The Leaves
are eight Inches long, and not an Inch broad, of
a dark green Colour, and 311?) juicy. The F low~
ers l’cand at the Tops of the Stalk, in a Spike of
two Inches long: They are moderately large,
and of a pale red Colour. The Root is compoiEd
of two roundifh Bodies, of the Bignefs of a '
Y Pigeon’s

3 2 2 775a Uﬂful Family Heréal._ \

Pigeon’s Egg, and of a white Colour, with fomc ‘
Fibres.

We ufe the Root, which we receive dry from
Turkey. They have a peculiar Method of curing
it : They make it clean, and then fake it four and
twenty Hours in Water; after this, they hang a
Qiantity of it in a coarfe Cloth, over-the Steam
of a Pot in which Rice is boiling, this foftens it,
but it gives it a fort of Tranfparence, and qua-
liﬁes it for drying; thefe juicy Roots otherwife
growing mouldy. When they have thus far pre-
pared it, they ﬁring it upon a Thread, and hang
it in an airy Place to dry: It becomes tough as
Horn, and tranfparent. This is a Practice 'com—
mon in the Bali, with the Roots they dry for Ufe,
and it would be well if we would practife it here:
The ﬁne tranfparent Kind of Ginfeng, which we
have from Cbimz, is dried in this Manner. It is
highly probable, nay it is nearly a Certainty, that
the Roots of our common Orchis have all_ the
Q1alities and Effects of this Salep, but we don’t
know how to dry them. If we tried this Method,
it might fucceed, and in the fame Manner, our
own Fields and Meadows might afford us many
lVIedicines, which at prefent we purchafe at a
great Price, from the farthel’t Parts of the Earth.

The. dried Root is the Part ufed; and it is an
excellent Reliorative, to be given to Perfons
walled with long Illneﬂ‘es: The belt Way is to
put a {mall Qiantity of it in Powder, into a.
Balbn of warm Water, which it inﬂantly turns
into a Jelly, and a little Wine and Sugar are to
be added. The Turks ufe it as a Provocative to
Venery: They take it diﬂblved in Water, with
Cﬁngerand lloney.

SAMé

 

We Ufafu/ Fame} Herb]. 3 231

. SAMPHIR'E; r.
CRITHMUM MARITIMUM.

A Plant not uncommon about Sea Coal’ts, with

much of the Appearance of Fennel, only
not fo tall : Some have called it Sea Fennel. It
is two Feet high. The Leaves are large, and di-
Vided in the Manner of thofe of Fennel, into’
{lender and fmall Parts, but they are thick and
ﬂefhy. The Stalk is round, hollOw, ﬁriated, and
a little branched. The Flowers are {mall and
yellow, and they ﬂand at the Tops of the Stalks.
in great Cluﬁers or Umbels, in the Manner of
thofe of Fennel. The whole Plant has a warm"
and agreeable Taﬁe, and a good Smell.

The Leaves are ufedfrefh; but tho‘fe whichgrow
immediately from the Root, where there is no Stalk
are belt: They are pickled, and brought to 0111‘
Tables -, but they are often adulterated, and other
Things pickled in their Place. The Juice of the
frefh Leaves operates very powerfully by Urine,
and is good againlt the Gravel and Stone, againﬂ:
Supprellions of the Menfes, and the Jaundice:

S A N l C L E.‘

S A N I C U L A;
Pretty wild Plant common in our Woods,
and diﬂ‘inguifhed by its regular Leaves, and
ﬁnal] Umbels _of Flowers. It grows :1 Foot and
{a half high. The Leaves are numerous, and they
all rife immediately from the Root: They ﬂzand
0n long Foot-Stalks, and are very confpicuous:
They are of a roundifh Shape, but cut in ft), as
to appear ﬁve cornered, ferrated about the Edges,
and of a very deep gloﬂy green Colour, and
fh‘ining Surface; The Stalk is ﬁriated, upright,
Y 2 naked;

324. 77w U/éful Far/21?}! Heréal.

naked: On its Topg crows a little round Cluf’ter
of Flowers: They are {mall and white, and each
is fucceeded by two little rough Seeds. The
Root is ﬁbrous. ‘

The Leaves are Lifed. A ﬁrong Decoé‘tion of
them is good againft the Overﬂowing of the
Menfes, and the Bleeding of the Piles. It has
been val‘tly celebrated for the Cure of Ruptures,
but that is idle.

The SARSAPARILLA PLANT.
SARSAPARILLA.

APlant of the climbing Kind, Native of the
warmer Countries. The Stalks run to ten or
twelve Feet in Length, but are weak, and fupport
themfelves among Bufhes : They are whitifh, an-
gular, and Ptriated, and are full of fmall Prickles.
The Leaves are an Inch long, or more, and
above half an Inch broad, of an oval Figure, of
a deep Green on the upper Side, and white un-
derneath, ﬁrm 1n their Texture, and very glony.
The Flowers are little and yellowifh l he Ber-
ries are black, round, and of the Bignefs of a
fmall Pea. The Root is Very large and (lender.
The Root is ufed. Our Druggiﬁs keep it:
They fplit it in two. It IS broown on the Outfide,
and white within; and its Taile is inﬁpid. It is
fuppofed to have great Virtues, but they are not
peifeétly ei’tablilhed. They have been at Times
difputed, and at Times fupported. Given in De—
coftion, it piomotes Sweat and Urine It has

been ei’ieemed good againi’t the Scurvy, and fa~

mous in the Cure of the Venereal Dileale. It is,
in gencr 11, accounted a Sweetener of- the Blood.

”‘4‘!“ “ ,l‘llc

 

 

 

 

7756 U fefzzl Failzi/y Her/Ml. 32 5

The SASSAFRAS TREE.
SASSAFRAS.

ABeautiful Tree, Native of America, and to
be met with in fome of our Gardens. It
grows twenty—ﬁve or thirty Feet high. The
Trunk is naked till it comes near the Top. The
Branches grow near together, and ipread irregu-
larly. The Leaves are of two Kinds: Thofe on
the older Parts of the Twigs are oblong and
pointed, fomewhat like Bay Leaves; and‘ thofe
on the Tops of the Branches are larger, broader,
and divided into three Parts, like the Leaves of
Maple, or they carry fome Refemblance of the
fmaller Leaves of the Fig Tree. The Flowers
are fmall and yellow. The Fruit are Berries like
Bay Berries. The Wood is of a redilh Colour,
and perfumed Smell.

- The Wood is ufed. Our Druggifts receive it
in Logs, and cut it out into Shavings. The
Wood of the Root is belt, and its Bark contains
molt Virtue of all. It is beﬂ: taken in Infuﬁon,
by way of Tea, for it is very pleafant: It pro-
motes Sweat, and is good againft the Scurvy,
and all other Foulneﬁés of the Blood. It is a
coni‘cant Ingredient in Diet Drinks, againﬁ: the
Venereal Difeafe.

SAVINE.
SABINA.

Little Garden Shrub, green all the Vi’inter.
The Trunk is covered with a redifh brown
Bark. The Branches are numerous, and {hind
confuiedly. The Leaves are fmall, narrow, of a
dark green Colour, and prickly. The Flowers
are very fmall, and of a yellowifh Colour, and
Y 3 the

a
M

3 26 17732 U/éfzz/ Family Herﬁal.

the Fruit is a ﬁnall Berry, of a black Colour
when ripe, and covered with a bluilh Dull like
the Bloom of a Plum.
The Tops of the young Branches are llfﬁd:
. They are bePc frefh, and given in the Manner of
Tea; They very powerfully promote the Menies ;
and if given to Women with Child, will frequent-
ly caufe a Mifcarriage. The Country People
give the Juice mixed with Milk to Children, as a
Remedy againft Worms: It generally works by
Stool, and brings Worms away with it.

SUMMER SAVORY.
SATUREIA HORTENSIS.

A Common little Plant in our Kitchen Gardens.

» It is ten Inches or a Foot high. The Stalks
are numerous, and very hard, and woody toward
the Bottom. The Leaves are oblong and narrow:
They {land two at eachJoint, with 21 (Quantity of
young ones in their Bofgms. The F loWers grow
0n the upper Parts of the Stalks among the Leaves:
They are white, with a little Tinge of bluilh or
redifh. The whole Plant has a pleafant Smell,
and an agreeable Taﬁe. ‘

The whole Plant is ufed. An Infuﬁon of it,
drank in the Manner of Tea, is good againfi‘
cholicky Pains, and it opens Obf’truétions, and
promotes the Menfes.

There is another Kind of Savory, with more
woody Stalks, called Winter Savory: This has
much the fame Virtues.

The

 

 

E

7723 U/éful Famigy Heréézl. 3,2 7

The R1315 SAUNDERS TREE.
SANTALUM RUBRUM.

A Tree, Native of the Wq/i-Indies, but of which
we have feen nothing but the Wood, and
have received very imperfect Defcriptions. They
fay it grows forty Feet high : That the Leaves are
fmall, but many fet near together: Their Colour
is a dufky Green; and their Subﬁance thick
and ﬂelhy. The Flowers are like Pea Bloﬂbms,
and the Fruit is a Pod, containing three or four
Seeds. This is all we have been informed con;
cerning the Tree, and Part of this by Hearfay
onl .

Tyhe Wood is ufed. It is of a deep red Co—
lour. It is al’tringent, and is good againﬁ: vio-
lent Purgings, and Overﬂowings of the Menfes:
For the former Purpofe, it is belt given in Pow-
den in fmall Dofes; and for the latter, it is given
in Decoé‘tion. But it is not much ufed.

The YELLOW AND WHITE SAUNDERS
TREE.

SANTALUM FLAVUMET ALBUM.

A Beautiful Tree, Native of the Eaﬂ-Indies. It
grows forty or ﬁfty Feet high, and is very
much branched. The Leaves {land two or three
Pairs upon a Stalk, in the Manner of thofe of
the Lentilk, and are not unlike thofe of that Tree
in Shape, they are of a dark green Colour, fmall,
oblong, and ﬁefhy. The Flowers are moderately
large, and 'of a deep dufky Blue, the Fruit is
21 Berry of theBignefs of a large red Cherry, which
is black when ripe. The Wood is white in the >
outer Part, and yellow at the Heart, and thefe
two Parts are kept feparate, and were long fup—
Y 4. poled

228 ﬁe Ufeﬂd Family Herﬁal

Eofed the Woods of two diHbrent Trees. They
ave the fame Smell and Taﬁe, only that the
. yellow has them both in greateit Perfection: And
in the fame Manner, their Virtues are the fame,
but the yellow is To much fuperior, that the white
deferves no Notice. |

The yellow Saunders is belt taken in the Man-
ner of Tea, it is this Way not unpleafant, and is
cordial, good againﬁ: Diforders of the Newes,
and hyl’teric Complaints, and opens Obﬁruftions,
it alfo gently promotes Perfpiration, and works
by Urine.

WHITE SAXIFRAGE.
SAXIFRAGA ALBA.

A Very pretty Plant in our Meadows, dif’tin-

guifhed by the regular Shape of its Leaves,
and its white fnowy Flowers. It grows ten Inches
high, the Stalk is round, thick, ﬁrm, upright,
and a little hairy. The Leaves are of a pale
green Colour, and ﬂefhy Subftance : They are of
a roundiih Figure, and indented about the Edges;
and they ﬁand upon long Foot-Stalks. The
Flowers are large and White; they grow in conii~
derable Numbers on the Tops oi‘ithe Stalks. The
Root is compoied of a Parcel of fmall white or
redifh Granules.

The Root is ufed, and thefe {mall Parts of
which it conﬁf’ts have been ufed to be called. by
ignorant Apothecaries Saxifrage Seed. It is diu-
retic, and good againﬁ the Gravel. The Roots
are belt frelh, and the belt Way of giving them
is in Decoétion.

M}: A D o w

 

773a Ufefzil Famigy Heréal. 329

MEADOW SAXIFRAGE.
SESELI PRATENSE.

A Wild Plant alfo, butthough known by the
fame Engli/b Name with the other, very dif-
ferent in Form and Flower. It grows to more
than two Feet in Height. The Stalks are round,
deeply ﬁriated, of a dark green Colour, and con-
ﬁderably branched. The Leaves are large, but
they are divided into a Multitude of ﬁne narrow
Segments. The Flowers {land at the Tops of the
Stalks in little Umbels or round Clulters, and ’
they are ﬁnall and yellow; The Root is brown,
long, and llender, and is of an aromatic and acrid
Tafte.

The Root is ufed: It is bell: frefh taken up.
Given in a ﬁrong Infuﬁon, it works powerfully
by Urine, and brings away Gravel. It alfo e’afes
thofe Cholics, which are owing to the fame
Caufe.

SCABIous.
SCABIOSA.

A Common wild Plant in our Corn—ﬁelds, di~
ﬁinguilhed by its tall round Stalks, and round
blue Flowers. It grows to three Feet in Height.
The Leaves rife principally from the Root, and
they lie fpread upon the Ground. They are ob-
long, and irregularly divided at the Edges; they
are ofa pale Green, hairy, and rough to the Touch.
The Stalks are round, upright, hairy, of the fame
pale green Colour, and they have a few Leaves
on them, placed two at a Joint; thefe are more
deeply divided, than thofe on the Ground. The
Flowers ftand at the Tops of the Branches, they
are of a deep blue Colour, and each is compofed
of

3 3 o 77% U ﬁfu/ FamiZy Heréal.

of a Number'of fmaller F lofucles, collected into a
Head. The Root is long and brown.

The Leaves growing from the Root, are to be
gathered for Ufe before the Stalks appear. They
are beﬁ: freih. A ﬁrong Infuﬁon of them is good
againft Aﬂhmas, and Difﬁculty of breathing, and
the fame Infuﬁon made into Syrup, is good a-
gainﬂ: Coughs. The Flowers are {aid to be cor-
dial, and an Infuﬁon of them to promote Sweat,
and carry oﬁ“ Fevers, but this is lefs authentic,
the Juice externally applied is good againit F oul—
nefs of the Skin.

The SCAMMONY PLANT.
SCAMMONIA.

A Climbing Plant, Native of the Eaﬂcrn Parts

of the World. The Stalks are numerous,
green, flender, and angulated, they are ﬁve or
ﬁx Feet long, but unable to fupport themfelves,
without the Help of Bullies. The Leaves Rand
irregularly, and not very clofe to one another;
they are of a triangular Figure, and bright green
Colour, and they ﬁand upon long Foot-Stalks.
The Flowers are large and Bell—fafhioned, they
refemble very much thofe of our common little
Bind—weed being whitif‘n, but they oftener have a
yellowilh than a redifh Tinge. The Root is 3.
Foot and half long, and as thick as a Man’s Arm,
full of a milky Juice. The)r wound the Roots and
catch the milky Juice as it runs out in Shells; and
this when it has concreted into a hard Mafs is the
Scammony'we ufe.

It. is a rOugh Purge, but a very powerful and
ufeful one. It is good againi‘t the Rheumatic
Pains, and Will reach the Seat of many Diforders
that a common Purge does not affect. However,
it is feldom given alone: And a great Misfortune

is,

 

 

a?
:5?
' “k;
«l
%
1i"

 

779a Uﬂful‘Fami_ly Heréal, :3 3 I-
is, that the Compoﬁtion's made with it are never
to be perfectly depended upon, beeaufe there is In
much DiEerE11ce in feveral Parcels of Scammony,
that they feem hardly the fame Medicine, fome
are {0 very ﬁrong, and Tome fo weak.

GARDEN SCURVY-GRASS,
COCHLEARIA HORTENSIS.

ACommon wild Plant about our Sea Coaﬂs,

but kept alfo in Gardens for its Virtues ; it is
at Foot high; the Stalks are round, weak, and
green; the Leaves that rife from the Root, make
the molt conﬁderable Appearance, they {land
in a large Tuft, and are of a roundifh Figure,
and a bright green Colour, tender, juicy, and
fupportecl on long and {lender Foot-Stalks. There ,
are but few Leaves on the Stalks, and they are '
not f0 round as thofe from the Root, but are a
little angular and pointed. The Flowers fiand
at the Tops of the Stalks, in little Clulters, they
are white, fmall, and bright, they are fucceeded by
{hort roundilh Seed—Veifels.

The frefh Leaves are ufed, and the belt way‘
of all is to drink the exprelTed Juice of them, this
is excellent againf’t the Scurvy, and all other F oul—
neﬂ'es of the Blood, It may be mixed with Se~
ville Orange Juice to make it pleafant, and {hould
be taken every Day for fix Weeks or two Months
together in Spring.

SEA SCURVY—GRAss.
COCHLEARIA MARINA.
Common Plant alfo about our Sea Coal’cs,
and by the Sides of Rivers, where the Tde
,comes. The Leaves are not To numerous as thofe
of the other, and they are oblong, of a redifh
. ‘ green

3 3 2 The U/éfui Family Heréal.

green Colour, pointed at the Ends, and indented
at the Edges in an irregular Manner, they are
conﬁderably larger than thofe of Garden Scurvy
Grafs, and more ﬂclhy. The Stalks are eight or
ten Inches high, they are tender, round, and
ﬁriated; they have few Leaves on them, but the
Flowers are fmall and white, and [land in Cluf’cers
at the Tops of the Stalks, as in the other. The
Leaves are to be ufed frefh gathered, or their
Juice is to be taken. Their Virtues are the fame
as thofe of the other. But it is the general Opi-
nion that they are greater, though the Tafte be
not f0 agreeable. .

gThe SEBESTEN TREE.
NYXA, SIVE SEBESTEN.

A Tree of the Bignefs and Form of our com-
mon Plum Tree, and producing a Fruit not
altogether unlike it. The Trunk is covered with
a rough Bark, the Branches grow irregularly and
are crooked, and are generally f0 [lender toward
the Ends, and f0 full of Leaves that they bend
downward, the Leaves are broad and fhort: The
Flowers are white, ﬁnall, and fweet fcented, they
ﬁand in Tufts or Clufters, and the Cup in which
they ﬁand, remains and inclofes the Fruit. This is
fomewhat like a Plum, and has a Kernel in the
fame Manner : Its Shape is oblong; and the pulpy
Part of it is f0 tough and clammy, that being
beaten up with \Vater, it makes good Birdlime.
This Fruit is the Part ufed; it is fent over to
us dried in the Manner of a Prune. It ufed to be
a conﬁant Ingredient in Decoétions for Coughs,
and Diforders of the Lungs, but it is now dif—
regarded. '

Sur—

 

Tbe Uﬂful Famigy HerZal. ' 33 3

SELF—HEAL.
PRUNELLA.

A Little wild Plant common about Way~Sides,
with dark green Leaves, and fhort Tufts of
blue Flowers. It grows ﬁx Inches high ; the
Stalk is fquare, and a little hairy, the Leaves
ﬁand in Pairs upon it, but there are feldom more
than two or three Pair, the great (Luantity of them
rife immediately from the Root, they are oblong,
broad, blunt at the Point, and not at all indented
at the Edges. The Flowers are fmall, they l’tand
in aKindof Ihort Spikes or Heads: The Cups of
them are often purplilh. The Root is fmall and
creeping, and full of Fibres. The Juice of Self-
heal is aﬁringent, it is good againﬁ Purgings,
with very {harp or bloody Stools, and againl’t
Overﬂowings of the Meniés. The dried Herb
made into an Inl‘uﬁon, and fweetened with Honey,
is good againl’c a fore Throat, and Ulcers of the
Mouth.

The SENA SHRUB.
SENA.

Little Shrub, three or four Feet high, Na—

tive of the Ball. The Trunk is covered witha
whitifh and rough Bark, the Leaves are compofed
each of three Pair of fmaller, difpofed on a com-
mon Rib, with an odd one at the End: They
are oblong narrow and {harp pointed, of a ﬁnooth
Surface, 3. thick Subftance, of a pale Green Colour,
and not indented at the Edges. The Flowers
are like a Pea BlolTom in Shape, but they are
yellow, marked with purple Veins. The Pods
are fhort and ﬂat, and the Seeds are ﬁnall and
brown.

We

3 3-4. 77.72 U/éfu/ Family Heréal.

We have the dried Leaves from the Etgﬁ‘, the”
Druggif’ts keep them. They are given in Infuﬁon,
and are an excellent Purge, but as they are apt to
gripe in the working, the common Method is to
throw in a few Cardamom Seeds, or fome other
warm Medicine into the Water.

_BA5TARD SENA;
COLUTEA.

A CommOn Shrub kept fOr Ornament in’ Our

Gardens. The Trunk is net very rebuff,
but it keeps upright, and is covered with a whi—
tifh rough Bark. The Leaves are compofed each
of {everal Pairs of fmaller, fet on a common Rib,
with an odd Leaf at the End; but they are
rounder, and broader, in Proportion to their
length, than thofe of the true Sena. The F low:
ers are yellow: They are but fmall, but they
hang in long Bunches, _ and are fucceeded by
Pods, which look like Bladders, of a greeniih
Colour.

The Leaves are ufed, fom’e give an Infuﬁon of
them as a Purge, but they are very rough: They
work both upwards and downwards, and are only‘
ﬁt for Very robuf’t Conﬁitutions. For fuch as can
bear them, they are good againﬁ Rheumatic
Pains.

The SENEGA TREE.
SENICA.

A Tree frequent in the Erg/l, and named from a;

Gum which it aﬁbrds and which is brought

in" great Quantities into Europe. The Tree is

large and fpreading, its Trunk is covered with a

rough Bark, its. Branches with a, fmoother of a
pale Brown, and they are very full of Thorns.

2 The

 

 

 

I

772:: U/éful Family Herédl. 3 3 5

The Leaves are large, and they are compofed
of many fmaller fet in Pairs, very beautifully and
evenly about a common Rib, with an odd one at
the End of each Rib: They are oblong, and of a
beautiful Green. The Flowers are white, and of
the Shape of a Pea Blolfom, the Fruit is a large
and ﬂat Pod jointed or divided into feveral Parts
with Seeds in them, the Tree is of the Acacia ,
Kind, in many Things very like that which pro-
duces the Gum Arabic, and the Gum which is
obtained from it, is in the fame Manner very like
that.

This Gum is the only Produél: of the Tree
heard of in Medicine, and this is not much.
It is brought over, however, in great (hmntities,
for theDyers ufe a great deal of it. It is in large
Lumps of the Bignefs of an Egg; rough on‘the
Surface, but gloﬂ'y and fmooth when broken, and
of a pale brown Colour. It is as eaﬁly and in-
tirely diflblved in Water as Gum Améic, and has
the fame Vir-tues. It is very feldom called for by
Name in Medicine, but it is neverthelefs often
ufed, for the Druggilts have a Way of breaking
the Lumps to pieces, and putting them among
the Gum ﬂraéic; they may be diﬁinguifhed by
their brown Colour, the true Gum Améic being
white; or yellowifh, if coloured at all, and never
having any brown in it: Some pick thefe brown
Pieces out, but, upon a feperate Trial, they are
found to be fo perfectly of the fame Nature, that
it is a needlefs Trouble.

The

336 753 U jéﬁtl Family Heréczl.

The RIGHT SERVICE TREE.
SORBUS LEGITIMA.

Tree wild in fome. Parts of this Kingdom, but

not known in others, nor even in many of”

our Gardens. It grows twenty Feet high or more,
and the Branches ftand very irregularly. The
Leaves are each compofed of feveral Pairs of
ﬁnaller, fet on a common Rib, with an odd one
at the End; thefe are long, narrow, and ferrated,
R) that they have fome Refemblance of the Aﬂ1~
Tree. The Flowers are not large, they are white,
and l’tand in Clufters. Each is fucceeded by a
Fruit of the Shape of a Pear, and of the Bignefs
of fome Pears of the ﬁnaller Kind, thefe are green,
except where they have been expofed to the Sun,
where they are fometimes redifh 3 the Tal’te is,
pleafant, when they are ripe.

The unripe Fruit is ufed; they prefs the Juice, .
and give it againl’t Purgings, but it is, little

known.

The COMMON SERVICE TREE.
SORBUS VULGARIS.

Large Tree and very beautiful, its Growth
being regular, and the Leaves of an elegant
Shape, the Bark of the Trunk is greyilh, and to—
lerably ﬁnooth; on the Branches it is brown:
The Leaves are ﬁngle, large, and of a rounded
Figure, but divided into ﬁve, fix, or [even Parts,
pretty deeply, and ferrated round the Edges, they
are of a bright Green on the upper Part, and
whitilh underneath. The Flowers are little and
yellowilh, and they grow in Clulters; the Fruit
is ﬁnall and brown when ripe. It grows in

Bunches.
a The

very ‘ .

73a Ufeﬁd Fc‘imzZy He'réai.‘ 3 3 7

The unripe Fruit of this Service is excellent

againﬂ; Purgings, but it can only be had» Recourfe'

to when in Seafon, for there is no Way of pre-_
1erving the Virtue in them all the Year.

SHEPHERDSPURsm
BURSA PASTORIS.

THE molt common almoﬁ‘ or." .1} wild Plants,
over-running our Garden-L53. “ Court—
Yards. The Leaves be f read upOn sh: Ground,
and are long, fomeWha‘t road, and more or lefs
indented at the Edges, for in this, there is great.
Variation: The Stalks are round,- upright, and
eight or ten Inches high, they have few Leaves
on them. The F lowers ftand at the Tops in little“
Clufters, and they are fmall and white: Below
there is commonly a Kind of Spike of the Seed-
Vefi‘els; thefe are Ihort, broad, and of the Figure
of a Bag, or Pouch, and are divided 9. little at
the End. The Seeds are fmall and yellowilh, and
the Roots white. V
The Juice of Shepherds Purfe is cooling and
aftringent; it is good againl’c Purgings, with {harp
and bloody Stools, againﬁ the Bleeding of the
Piles; and the Overﬂowings of the Menfes.

S K I R R E T.-
S I S A R U M. .

A Plant kept in Our Kitchen Gardens. It grows
three or four Feet high. The Stalk is round,
hollow, ﬁriated, and fornewhat‘ branched: The
Leaves are each compofed of three or ﬁve fmaller,
two or four fet oppolite and one at the End; they
are oblong, ferrate’d at the Edges, and fharp
pointed; the End Leaf is longer than the others.
The Flowers are little : They ﬁzand in round
Z Cluﬁers

3 38 17732 Uﬁful FamzZy Herbal
Clufter's on the Teps of the Branches. The Root
is of a ﬁngular Form: It is compofed of feiferal'
l0 Parts like Carrots. They are of a geod
Ta 'e, and Tome People eat them at their Tables.

, A Decoé‘tion of them works by Urine, and is
good againﬁ the Gravel. The Roots boiled in
.Milk, are an excellent Reﬁorative to People who
have {uffered long Illneﬂ'es.

The SLOE TREE.
PRUNUS SYLVESTRIS.

TH E common low Shrub ‘in our Hedges,
' which we call the black Thorn. It is a Plum
Tree in Miniature. It grows ﬁve or ﬁx Feet
high, the Trunk and Branches are all covered
with a dark pu’rplifh or blackifh Bark. The Leaves
are roundifh, and of a good Green, elegantly den~.
tated about the Edges. The Flowers are ﬁnal!
and whﬁe. The Fruit is a little Plum, of a very
auftére Taﬁe when unripe, but pleﬁfant when
, mellow. ‘

The Juice eTX‘preﬂ'ed from unripe Sloes, is a very
good Remedy for Fluxes of the Belly. It may
be boiled down to a ﬁrm Conﬁftence, and will fo
keep the whole Year. We u-fed to ﬁnd this dried-
Juice kept by Druggil’ts under the Name of German
Acacia, biit they neglect it. ‘

SMALLAGE.
—AP1UM.

. Common wild Plant, about Ditch Sies,‘ with
the Appearance of Celery. Thefe are ver‘y .
numerous and large. _The Stalk rifes two Feet
and a half in Height, and is round, fmootih, _

llriated, and branched. The Leaves on it are
like thofe from theRoot, compofed of many.
. {mall

The Ufeﬁd Famzza; Herﬁal. 33.9

{mall Parts,‘whichgare broad andindented, but
they are fma’ller. 'The Flower-s‘itand in little Um-
bels .at the Diviﬁon-s of the Branches: They are
ﬁnal], and of a yellowifh White. The Seeds are
Tina-ll and ﬁriated. The Roots are long, not very
thick, white, and of a thong, {but’not‘ difagreea-
able Taﬁe. ‘ s ‘1
' The Roots are moﬂ: ufed,‘ a {bong InfuﬁOn
of them frelh gathered, works *briﬂcly by Urine.
It is good againl’c the Gravel, and in Jaundices
and other Difeafes ariling from Obﬁruétions in the
Liver and Spleen. The Seeds dried are good
againlt the Cholic, and ﬁrengthen the’ Sto-
mach.

The C-OLURJ'NE-woon, O>R SNAKE-
WOOD TREE.
LI-GNUM COLUBRINUM.

Tall Tree of the Eaﬂ‘, irregularin its Growth,
but not without Beauty. The Bark is rough

and brown; the Leaves are large, ‘broadinl‘the
Middle, oblong, and {harp at the Point. They are
of a deep green Colour, and'firm Subi’tan'ce : The
Flowers are ﬁnal], they grow in Cluﬂ‘ers upon
the Branches, not at their Extremities, but indif-
ferent Parts of them. The 'Fruit is large, and
much of the Shape of a Walnut. TI: is yellow
when ripe, and contains a great many round ﬂat
Seeds. Thefe are exaétly of the Shape and Form
of what we call Nux Vctmz'ca; but they are not
half {0 big. Some have, for this Reafon, fuppofed
the real Nux Vomim to be the Fruit of this Tree ;
but it is produced by another of the fameGenus.
The Wood of thefmaller Branches is ufed : This
is what we called Lignum Calubrz'ﬂum, Adder.
Wood, and Snake-VVood. It is famous in the
Ed , for curing Fevers, and dcﬂroying Worms,
2 2 they

‘ .t 53.77 _

34.0 .YZeUﬁfful Family Herﬁal.

theyalfo fay it'-is a Remedy againft the Bites of
Serpents, and hence comes its Name. We have
been tempted to give it in fome Cafes; but it
feems better fuited to the Conﬁitutions of the Peo-
ple among whom it grows, than to ours : It brings
.on Convulﬁons, if given in too large a Dofe, or
if too frelh. It loofes its Strength by Degrees
in keeping -, but I don’t know how it can be pof—
ﬁble to determine what Dofe to give of fuch :1
Medicine. ; .

SNEEZE-WORT.
» ~ P T A R M I C A. _
A Very pretty wild Plant, with daily-like F low?

ers, and narrow dentated Leaves. It grows
two Feet high. The Stalk is round, ﬁrm, up-
right, and but little branched. The Leaves are
Very numerous, and they {land irregularly, they
are an Inch or more in Length, and very narrow,
rough to the Touch, and of a bright Green. The
Flowers {land at the Tops of the Stalks, fo that
thejr forma Kind of round Head, they are lefs
than Daﬂes, and their Leaves broader.

The Leaves of Sneezewort dried and powdered,
taken by W'ay of Snuﬁ‘, are excellent againl’t the
Head-ach. The Roots dried are almoﬂ as Fiery
as Pellitory of'Spéin, and they cure the Tooth-
ach in the fame Manner. A Piece held in the
Mouth, ﬁlls it with Rheum in a Minute.

SOLOMON’S SEAL.
POLYGONATUM.

A Pretty Plant wild in fome Places, and frequent
* gin Gardens. It grows a Foot and half high.
The Stalk is round, ﬁriated, and of a pale Green,
naked half \Vay up, and from thence to the TOP

. 2 orna~

 

 

 

{ﬁbﬂﬁﬁdthblﬁwhl 34f
ornamented with large oval Leaves ofa pale Green,
blunt, ﬁnooth, ribbed, and not at all indented at
the Edges. The Flowers hang from the under
Part of the Stalk, they_are {mall and white, the
F ruit'is 3. Berry as big as a Pea, and black when
ripe, The Root is white, oblong, irregular, and
creeps under the Surface of the Ground. _ ‘ '

”The Root is the Part ufed: It is. commended.
eXtremely, for an outward Application againlt
Bruifes. The Root dried and powdered, is gOOd
againl’c Purgings, with bloody Stools, and. the,
frelh Root beat up into .a Conferve with Sugar,
againft the Whites. .

SOPEWORT.
SAPONARIA.

A Wild Plant, but not very common, It‘ is
two Feet high. The Stalk is round, thick, ‘
jOinted, and of a pale Green, the Knots are large._
The Leaves Rand two at each Joint, they are. of ‘
an oval Figure, and dark green Colour-,- fmooth,
not dentat'ed at the Edges, and full of large Ribs.
The Flowers {land in a Kind of Cluﬁers at the
Tops, they are white or redilh, and 'not very
large: The Root is knobbed, and has-a great
many Fibres running from it: It is of a difagree’able '
mawkilh T alte. '
The Root is ufed, and it fhould be frefh taken
up, a Decoftion of it opens Obﬁruftions, and pro— '
motes Urine and Perfpiration. It is an excellent
{ weetener of the Blood.

Z 3 50mm.

34,21. The? Uﬂful Fami[y Heréal.

SORREL
“5 ' ACETOSA

Common Plant in our Meadows, with broad;
.andoblon Leaves, fl‘riated Stalks, and red‘

iih Tufts of'F owers. ‘ It is at Foot and half high,’

The Stalk is round, not very ﬁrm, upright, and

‘little branched. ‘ - The Leaves are of a deep Green, _

ahgulated at the Bafe, blunt at the Point, ' and not
at all indented about the Edges. The ﬂowers
{land on the Tops of the Stalks, in the Manner

ofthofe of Docks, of which Sorrel is indeed a fmali,

Kind. The}r are redifh and hulky, the Root is

{mall and ﬁbrous, the whole Plant has a four

Taﬁe.

_ The Leaves eaten as a. Sallet, or the Juice taken,
are excellent againf’t the Scurvy. The Seeds are

aﬁringent, and. may be given in Powder for Fluxes. ~

The Root dried and powdered, is alfo good againit
Purgings, the Overﬂowings of the Menfes, and
Bleedings. » » '

There are two other Kinds of Sorrel, nearly of
Kin to this, and of the fame Virtue : One fmall,
called Sheeps Sorrel, common on dry Banks -, the
other large, with broad Leaves, called Garden
Sorrel, or round leaved Sorrel: This is rather
preferable to the common Kind. Beﬁdes thefe, there
is a Plant Called in Englzﬂj a Sorrel, f0 different
from them all, that it muﬁ be defcribed fepav
rately.

WOOD

 

77x: Uﬂful Family Heréal. 34,3

W009 SORREL.‘
LUIULA.

Ava; pretty little Plant, common about our
/ ' ood Sides, and diﬁinguilhed by its bright
green elegant Leaves, and pretty Flowers. The
Leaves rife in conﬁderable Number from the‘
fame Root -, they hand three together upon fepa-
rate long, and very (lender Foot-Stalks, of a red-
ifh Colour, each is of a Heart-like Shape, the
broad and indented Part hanging downwards, and
the three ﬁnaller Ends meeting on the Summit of
the Stalk. The Flowers are whitiih, tinged with
Purple, very bright and delicate, they I’tand alfo
on ﬁngle Stalks, and rife immediately on the.
Root. The Seed-Velfels are large, and when ripe,
they burﬂ’ afunder with the leai’t Touch, and the
Seeds ﬂy about. Th6 ‘RQOt is {111311 and irre—
oular. ' .

a The Leaves are ufed, they are' to be frefh ga-
thered, their Root isvery agreeably acid, and the
Juice of them makes a pretty Syrup. The Leaves
alfo beat up with three Times their Weight of '
Sugar, make an excellent Conferve. They are
good to quench T hirﬁ in Fevers, and they have
the fame Virtue with the other, againi’t the Scur—
vy and in fweetening the Blood. ‘

SOUTHE‘RNWOOD.
ABROTANUM MAS,

Shmbby Plant, Native of many Parts of Eu~
rope, but kept in our Gardens, The Stern is
woody, and tough, and is covered with a brown
Bark. The Leaves are divided into ﬁne {lender
Parts, and are of a pale green, whitifh Colour,
and z’h'ong Smell. The Flowers are {mall and
Z 4. yellowifh,

344.. YZve Uﬁful Famzy Heréal.
yellowilh, they grow in great Numbers on the
Top of the Stalk, and are naked, and of a rough
Appearance. The. Seeds are longilh, and of a pale
Brown. '

The Teps of the young Branches are ufed:
ADecoétion of them is good againﬁ: Worms,
but it is a very difagreeable Medicine. Beaten
into a Conferve with "three Times their Weight of
Sugar, they are not very unpleafant, and they
are in this Form good againﬁ nervousDiforders,
and in all hylfteric Complaints.

SowTHISTLE.
SONCHUS ASPER.

A Common Weed in our Gardens, and about
our Houfes. It is three Feet high, the Stalk
is round, thick, green, and u ri' hr. The Leaves
are long, and not very broatl: t ey are indented
at the Edges, and prickly between the Indentings.
When anyPart of the Plant is broken, there runs
out a milky Juice. The Flowers are large, and
yellow: They are fomewhat like thofe of Dande-
lion, and ﬁand in a Kind of fcaly Cup. The
Seeds have Doan afﬁxed to them. The Root
is long and white.
The Leaves are to be ufed frelh gathered, a
ﬁrong Infuﬁon of them works by Urine, and opens
Obi’truftions. Some eat them in Sallets, but the

lnfuﬁon has more Power. There are three or _ ‘

four other Kinds of Sowthiltle, common in fome
Places with this, and they have all the fame Vir~
tues, but this has them molt in Perfection.

Sesenr

'YZe Uﬂﬁz] Famzbz Harénl; 3 4.5

TSPEED'wnt.
VERONICA MAS.

A Common little Plant in our dry Failures, and

on Heaths. The Stalks are ﬁx or eight
Inches long; the Leaves are fhort, and of an
oval Figure. The Stalks are not upright: They
trail along the Ground, only riﬁng at thin upper
Parts. The Leaves are of a pale green Colour,
a little hairy, and dentated at the Edges: The
Flowers are. {mall and blue, they grow in {len-
derSpikes, ariling from the Bofoms of the Leaves 5
the Root is fmall and ﬁbrous.

' The whole Herb is ufed, and it is belt frelh.
An Infuﬁon of it drank in Qiantities, works bv
Urine, and opens all Obftruélions: It promotes
the Menfes. There was an Opinion lately that
this Plant would cure the Gout. The dried Leaves
picked from the Stalks, were fold in Our Markets,
and People made a Tea of them. The Opinion
was {0 prevalent, that the Plant was in a Manner
deﬁroyed for many Miles about London, but like
all other Things, that want Truth for their F oun-
dation, it came to nothing.

SPIGNEL,
MEUM.

A Wild Plant not altogether unlike Fennel. It
grows two or three Feet high. The Stalks

are round, f’triated, and branched. The Leaves
are large, and divided like thOfe of Fennel, but
into narrower, and finer Parts, and they are of a
very dark green Colour. The Flowers are little
and white, but they {land in Clulters at the Tops-
of the Stalks, and are eonfpicuous by their Numm
her. The Root is long and brown, and there are
‘ always

346 The Uﬁfu/ Famigy Hérém’.

always a Quantity of Filaments at the Head of
it like Hairs; Thefe are the Fibres of the Stalks
of forme1 Le: '

The Root 15 Med :3 1d :~ is heft freih taken up.
An Infuﬁ0.. of it is an exceilent Medicine in the
Gravel, it alfo opens Obltruétions, and promotes
the Menfes The Root dried and given in Pow;
der {trengthens the Stomach, creates an Appetite,
and 18 good againﬁ the Cholic.

SPINAGE. .
SPINACHI-A.

A'Common Herb in our Kitchen Gardens. it
grows two Feet high, the Stalk is round,

thick, and Juicy, the Leaves are broad, and cleft
at the Bafes, fo that they 1efemble a broad arrow
Head: The Flowers are inconﬁderable, the Seeds
g1 ow on other Plants of the fame Kind, and are
iough, and prickly, the Root is white and ob?
ion

The Leaves are eaten at our Tables; but their
Juice may very well be recommended as a Medi:
cine. It works by Urine, and is good againﬂ'
the Gravel. The Leaves eaten frequently, 0keep
the Body open

SPLEENWORT.
ASPLENIUM.

A Singular Plant, of the Nature of the Ferns,

but not like any of them in Form. The
Root is ﬁbrous. From this the Leaves rife in
great Numbers together, each being a diftinét

and feparate Plant, they are. narrow, and ﬁve_ '

Inches long, deeply indented on each Side, but
‘very irregularly; and covered on the under Part
with ﬁnall Steds. When they ﬁrii grow f10m

the

The Uﬁful family Heréal: A 34.7

the Root, they arefolded inward fothar only the
under‘Part appears, and they have a very pecu«
liar Afpeft, more like fome Infect, than the Leaf
of 3. Plant. It grows on Old Walls, and is green
all the Winter, but it has molt Virtue in Spring. .
The whole Plant is ufed. It is hell given in
Infuﬁon, and mull be continued for fome Time,
it opens all Obftruétions of the Liver and Spleen,
and is excellent in Diforders ariling from that
Caufe. They fay the Powder of the dried Leaves
cures the Rickets, but this wants Proof. '

INDIAN SPIKENLARD.
NARDUS INDICAV

AN Eq/i-Iudian Plant, of the Grafs Kind, with

triangular Stalks, and yellowilh Flowers. It”
refembles not a little that common yellow. tufted
Grafs, which is frequent in our Meadows in
Spring. It is ﬁx or eight Inches high. The
Leaves are long, narrow, and of a pale. Green,
they are very numerous, and {land in a thick
Tuft almoﬂ growing together at the Bafes. The
Stalks rife among thefe, they are naked, triangu-
lar, and of a pale green Colour; the Flowers {land
in Tufts, of the Bignefs of an Horfe—bean; on the
Tops of the Stalks, they are blackilh, but orna—
mented with yellow Threads, which give the whole
a yellowifh A pearance. This is the Plant, fome
Samples of w ich have been of late brought over,
as the Indian Spikenard, and there is-Reafon and
Authority for fuppoling they are fo. The Tops
of the R005 have that Sort of Tuft of hairy Mat-
ter, which we call Indian Spikenard growing to
them, and it is of the Nature of the hairy Top
of the Spignel Root, owing to the Fibres of de-
cayed Leaves. Breym'm alfo calls the Plant which

alfo

34.8» 773é U/Efu/"Famﬂy Heréal.‘
aﬁ'ordsthe 172111141? Spikttnard, a- Kind' of Cyperus
Grafs. , *

The Tuft of Fibres at the Tops of the Root
of this Plant, is what we call Indian Spike/lard ;
they are brown, ﬂattiih, matted tOgether, and of
a pleafant Smell : They are good in Diforders of
the Nerves, and hylteric Cafes, but f0 many bet-
ter Medicines are at Hand, that this is rarely

'ufed.

SPONGE.
.SPONGIA.

A Sea Plant of a very ﬁngular Kind and Form.

It has neither Leaves, Stalks, nor Branches,
nor has it the Colour or Afpeé‘t, of our ordinary
Plants. It more approaches to the Nature of the
Mulhrooms, than of any other of the Vegetable
Kinds. It grows to the Rocks, and {wells out
into an irregularly fhaped Mafs of Matter, full of
Holes, of "a yellowifh Colour, and retaining a
great deal of Water, which is eaﬁly preﬁ‘ed out,
and is recieved again on dipping it again in the
Wet. It is of a roundiih Figure, and fometimes
hollow. Sponge in the Shape of a Funnel is fre— ‘
quently feen, and has been defcribed as a particu—
lar Specie-s, but this is only an Accident in the
Growth.

It would be very imprudent to {wallow Sponge
in its natural Form; but calcined, it is of excel~
lent Service to fwecten the Blood, and is good a-
gvaini’c the Scurvy, and the Evil : Great Care is to
be taken in the burning it, It muf’t be made
brittle and ﬁt for powdering, but if it be calcined
too long, all the volatile Parts will be driven oil,
and it will be worth nothing.

GREAT

Tbe Uﬂful FamzZy Heréal. 34.9

G_RE’AT'SPURGE.'_ _ ’
ESULA MAJOR. '

WE have many Kinds of Spurge wild in Eng»

lmzd, and forne of them large enough, but
this ufed in Medicine is a different Species. It is
Native of Germany, and is kept in our Gardens.
It grows a Yard high, the Stalk is round, thick,
rediih, and divided into Branches. The Leaves.
are numerous, and Hand irregularly, they are nar-
row and of a pale Green, and are broadeft at
the End. The Flowers are little, and of a pale
yellow, but the Seed-VelTels are large, and make
a confpicuous Figure on the Tops of the Branches.
The Root is very thick and long, it conﬁfts of a
firm Heart, covered with a thick Rind. The ..
whole Plant when broken, affords a milky acrid
Juice. - . .
The Bark of the Root is ufed dry, and even in"
that State it is very rough in its Operation. '11;
works by Stool and Vomit, and is good in the
Rheumatifm and Dropfy, but it is not every
Conﬂitution that can bear the Ufe of fuch Re-
medies. _

The LEssER~ SPURGE.
ESULA MINOR.

A Leﬂ'er Plant than the former, but fuﬂiciently
robuit; it is a Native of the fame Part of the
World, but is common in our Gardens. It is a
Foot high. The Leaves are longifh and very
narrow, but rounded at the End: The Stalks are
thick round, and red, the Flowers are {mall and
yellow, and the Seed-VeiTels large and three cor—
nered. The whole Plant is full of a {harp milky

Juice, but'moﬁ of all the Root.
The

‘3‘50 177.58 Uﬂfal Fdfﬂigy Heréél.
The Bark of the Root is ufed. It works by
Vomit and‘Sto'o‘l as the fomier, but tho’ with lefs

Violence, yet too rough for molt Conﬁitutions,
It is good in the Rheumatiftn.

quILL.
.SCILLA.

, Very common Plant by the Sea Side in Italy,

and other Parts of Europe, but not Native
of this Country. It grows 21 Yard high, and
when in Flower, is very beautiful; the Stalk is
thick, round, ﬂelhy, and green, or ell'e red—
ilh. The FJOWers are White; they are fmall,
but they have their Beauty. They Rand in a long
Spike down a third Part of the Stalk; the Leaves
are very large and long, they are of a deep green
Colour, and grow immediately from the Root;
the Root is round, and of :1 Pound Weight, it is
compofed like an Onion of many Coats, one over
another, and is full of an acrid flimy Juice. The
Colour is White or red, and they call it the White
or red Squill.

The Root is .ufed dried or infufed in Vinegar
or Wine, and that afterwards made into a Syrup,
with Honey. Thefe three Preparations are called
the Wine of Squills, Vinegar of‘Squills, and Oxy-
mel of Squills; they are all good againit Afth—
mas, and Difﬁculty of Breathing. The Oxymel
is molt given for this Purpole, the Vinegar caufes
_ Vomiting, and cleanfes the Stomach, the Wine of _
Squills works by Urine, and is good againl’t the
Jaundice and :Dropfy.

STAR-

7h Uﬂfu) Family Haréal. 3 5i
STAR-WORT.
ASTER ATI'CUS;

A Common wild Plant, in many Parts of Europe
7 and in the Grecian Iﬂands, but not here: We
have it in Gardens. It is a Foot and half high.
The Stalk is round, hairy, and branched, the
Leaves are oblong, moderately broad, and roundi
ed at the Ends, and of a duﬂty Green. The
Flowers are yellow and large, they refemble the
Marigold; it is ﬁngular, that there ﬁand fome
Leaves under this Flower difpofed in Rays like a
Star; the Root is long.

The 'frelh Leaves are ufed, and that only ex-
ternally. Bruifed, and laid on as aPultice; they are
a Cure for Buboes, and other hard Swellings.
The Plant is called alfo Ingum'alz's from its pecu-
liar Eﬂ’eft in difﬁpating Buboes of the Groin.

The STAR THISTLE.
CALCITRAPA.

. ’ Wild Plant on our .Heaths, but not very

common. It is two Feet high; and extremely
branched, the Stalks are round, hard, and whitifh.
The principal Leaves rife from the Root, and are
difpofed in a circular Manner on the Ground.
They are oblong, and divided along the Sides,
quite to the middle Rib, there are fome fmaller on
the Stalk, but few. The Flowers are numerous:
They are red, and of the Form of the Flowers of
Thiﬁles. They grow out of a fcaly and thorny
Head. The Seeds are winged with Down. The
Root is oblong.

The Root is ufed; a llrong lnfuﬁon of it is ex-
cellent againﬁ the Gravel, and is good alfo in the
Jaundice. It opens Ob‘ﬁruftions, and Works by
Urine.

I The

3 5 2 7h U/éﬁz/ Famigy Heréalgf

The STARRv HEADED ANISE
‘ TREE.
AN‘IS’UM STELLATUM.
AeTall and very beautiful Tree, Native of the

Eaﬁ, and much eﬁeemed there. The Trunk
is covered with a thick' Bark: The Branches are
irregular, and fpreading, The Leaves are very
large and beautiful, they are compofed each of
ten or tWelve Pair of others fet on a common Rib,
with an o'dd.0ne at the End; they are longifh,
broad, ierrated at the Edges, and pointed at the
Ends, and are of a beautiful pale reen Colour,
and of a fragrant Smell when bruife , fuch as that
we perceive in the young Leaves of the Walnut-
Tree, but with a Mixture of fomewhat aromatic,
The Flowers {land at the Tops of the Branches, on
divided Pedicles, they are white and very‘fragrant.
The Fruit is of a ﬁngular Figure, of the Shape of
a Star, and of a woody Subftance ; it is compofed
of ﬁve or more Rays, and in each is a ﬁn le
fmooth brown Seed. Thefe have the Smell of
Anil‘eeds, and thence have been called by the
Name, for there is not the leali Refemblance be-
tween the Plants which produce the two, one being
a {mall Herb, and the other a large and ﬁne
Tree. .

The Fruit is only ufed, and we fometimes fee it
at the Druggil’ts, if the prefent Praétiee encouraored
it, we might have it common enough; and it is
one of thofe Drugs which we neglect, while we
are fond of fuch as do not, deferve the Diﬁinétion.
It is an excellent Medicine againﬂ: Coldnefs of.
the Stomach, Cholies, and thofe Head-achs which
arife from Indigeltion. It alfo works powerfully by:
Urine; and with it pofTelTes all the Virtues of
Anifeed and many others, and even thefe in a

very

TZe U/éful Famély Heréal. 3 53

very fuperior Degree, it has not its difagreeable
Flavour. An Oil drawn from it by Dil‘tillation,
is fweet and excellent, ‘it has all the Virtues of our
Oil of Anifeed, but not its difagreeable Tafte, '
and it does not congeal like it in cold Weather.

STAVEs-AcRE.
STAPHIS AGRIA.

Very pretty Plant, Native of'ItaZy, and kept ‘

in our Gardens. ‘It is two Feet and a half
high. The Stalk is round, thick, ﬁrm, and up-
right, and a little hairy. The‘Leaves are of a
roundifh Figpre, but divided deeply into feven
Parts, and thefe ferrated at the Edges, they are
large, and of a deep Green, and {land on long
Foot-Stalks. The Flowers are of a deep Blue,
large-and very like the Flowers of Lark—Spur:
They grow in a Spike at the Tops of the Stalks;
the Seed—VelTels' are notched, and the Seeds
rough. ' '

The Seeds are ufed. Some venture to. give
them inwardly in fmall Dofes againﬁ the Rheuma<
tifm, and‘the Venereal Difeafe. They operate by
Vomit and Stool, and bring a great Quantity of
Water from the Mouth. The Powder of them is
mof’t ufed to kill Vermin, by fprinkling it on
Childrens Heads, that have been kept iincleanly.

GOLDEN ST'OECHAS,
STOECHAS CITRINA.

A Pretty Plant, Native in the warmer Parts of
Europe, and kept in our Gardens. It is a
fhrubby Herb, two Feet high, and keeps its
Leaves all the Year. The Stem is woody; the
Leaves ftand thick on the lower Branches, and
they are longilh, narrow, and Whitifh, efpecially
A a on

 

3 54. 7’56 U/éfu/ Family Heréal.

on the under Side. The Flowers are yellow, and
Hand at the Tops ofthe Stalks, they are dry and
chaffy, and may be kept for a long Time. The
whole Plant has an agreeable Smell, when rubbed
between the Fingers.

The leafy Stalks are ufed, their Tops are belt,
and thofe frelh gathered: An Infuﬁon of them
works by Urine, and opens Obl’truétions. It is
good in Jaundices, and Obftruétions of, the
Meni‘es.

There is another Plant called ﬂrczéz'z’m Stoechas,
or French Lavender. It has been defcribed already
under the Head of Lavender, to which it belongs,
for it is altogether different from this Plant.

The STORAX TREE.
STYRAX ARBOR.

A Small Tree, Native of the Eaﬂ, and fome

Parts of Eurape; but in Europe it yields none
of the Reﬁn we call Storax. We have it in fome
Gardens. It is twenty Feet high, the Trunk
is covered with a brown Bark: That on the
Branches is greyifh, the Leaves are of a brown—
ifh or a dufky Green on the upper Side, and
whitilh underneath: The Flowers are white and
large, the Fruit is like a Nut, roundilh and lit~
tle, and is cov’ered with a woolly Coat, three of the
Flowers grow together ul‘ually, and are fucceeded
by three“ of thefe.

We ufe no Part of the Tree, but areﬁnous
Subltance, which is produced from it. This is
kept at the Druggil‘ts, and is redilh and of a
fragrant Smell, but very foul. It is good in all
Dilbafes of the Breaﬂ; and Lungs, being an ex—
cellent Balfam. It is alfo good in all nervous
and hyﬁeriC'Complaints, and it promotes the
Menfes. ‘

The

97,3 Uﬂfz‘d Family Héréal. 3 5 5

The STRAWBERRY PLANT.-
FRAGARIA;

AVery common little Plant, both in our Woods

and Gardens. The Leaves ﬁand three upon
each Stalk, and they are large, broad, {harp at
the Point, aid {errated about the Edges ; the
the Stalk; sci-'12} upon the Ground, and take Root
at the joints : The Flowers are white, they ftand
four or ﬁve together upon a longFoot—Stalk tiling
from the Ron: and without any Veins: They are
white, and moderately large, the Fruit is well
known. then ripe it is red, and of an agreea-
ble Taﬁ'e. ,

The frelh Leaves are ufed; an Infuﬁon of them
is good Liquor to wafh a fore Mouth or Throat;
taken in large Qlantities, it werks by Urine, and
is good againlt the Jaundice.

SUCCORY.
CICHOREUM.

' Common Plant in our Gardens. It is near a
Yard high, but of no great Beauty. The
Stalk is round, ﬁriated, thick, green, and f’trong.
The principal Leaves grow from the Root, they
are long, narrow, and deeply indented, and are
of a bluilh‘ Green, and hairy, thofe on the Stalks
are ﬁnaller, and have no F oot-Stalks. The
Flowers are of the Shape of thofe of Dandelion,
but they are blue; the Seed is- winged with Down.
The Flowers grow to the Sides of the Stalks, not
at the Tops. as in Dandelion. The Root is long
and brown on the Surface, it is full of a milky

’Juice, and white within.
The Root is ufed ; an Infulion of it opens Ob-
ﬁruftions, it is good againft the }aundice. A De-~
A a 2 coétio-n

    

.3“,

356 7%}: Uﬁfuz Famig; Eda;

coétion of the whole Plant frelh gathered, works

powerfully by Urine, and is‘ good againl’t the
Gravel. It alfo gently promotes the Menfes.

‘ .

TheSUGARCANL
ARUNDO SACCHARIFERA.

Kind of Reed, Native of the Eaﬂ and my}-

Indies, of the Canary Iflands, and of fome
other Places; and cultivated in all our Plantations.
It \is eight or ten Feet high. The Stalk is round,
hollow, hard, jointed, and upright, it is very like
that of a common Reed, only f0 much thicker. .
The Leaves are like thofe of the Reed, but vaﬁly
larger, and the Flowers are in the fame Manner,
dry, brown, and chaffy, but the Cluﬁer of them
is aYard long; the Roots are long, creeping, and
jointed in the Manner of the Stalk. In very hot
Countries, the Sugar will fweat out at the Cracks
of the Stalks, and ﬁand in Form of a bright Pow-
der; this is Native Sugar, and is what the Antients
meant when they talked of Honey growing upon
Reeds. We prefs out the Juice, and boil it to
the Confiﬁence of brown Sugar, which is after-
wards reﬁned, and becomes the white Powder or
Loaf-Sugar.

It were idle to talk of the Virtues of Sugar, its

Ufes are fuﬂiciently known, and are very great.

 

S U M A c H.
R H U S.
A Shrub, Native of warmer Countries, but com-

mon in our Gardens. It is ofa ﬁngular_Ap—
pearance. It does not grow to more than ten or

.twelve Feet high, the Wood is brittle, and the j
Bark is brown. The Leaves are long and very .3

beautiful, each conﬁﬂs of a great many Pairs of ‘i
fmaller

 

‘ W Weﬁfe
i :3,“

      

~?l_ ll \ ;\I .. “'85," V '1'
§ - 2. - I .
r“; : . .

71m Weful Famzy Heréal. 3 5 7
fmaller Leaves, with an odd one at the End;
thefe are ﬁngly, oblong, and of a dark Green, and
ferrated at the Edges. The Flowers are white,
they grow in very large thick and long (:Tiuf’cers,
and are fucceeded by ﬂat Seees, hairy and roundifh,
and of an auﬂzere aftringent Taﬁe. There are
feveral other Kinds of ' Sumach in the Gardens of
curious People, fome of them much more beau-
tiful, but thisis the Kind that is to be preferred
for its medicinal Virtues.

The Seeds, dried and powdered, ﬂop Purgings,
and the Overﬂowings of the Menfes. The frefh

Tops have alfo great Effect in ﬁrengthening the. .

Stomach and Bowels, they are bel’t taken in In-'
fulion. The Bark of the Root has the fame Vir-
tue, but the Seeds have it in the greateﬂ: Degree.

SWALLow-WORT.
ASCLEPIAS.

A Common Plant in Gardens, but Native of the

warmer Climates. It is two Feet high. The
Stalks are round, ﬂender, of a dark Colour, and
jointed; the Leaves are large, and longilh, and of
a deep Green; they Rand two at each Joint. The
Flowers are fmall and white, and each is fucceeded
by two Pods growing together; the Root is ﬁbrous
and fpreading.

The Root is ufed, an Infuﬁon of it frelh is good

againl’t the Jaundice; it works by Urine and opens
Obf’rruétions. Dried and given in Powder, it
Operates by Sweat, and is good in F even..-

:23
p
m

”‘3

A t
:R-r ti .2
‘e ..y. 2.; ,
an; 1 i'” .» ”3,33 it?

(- “134‘ -

 

1

i 3 5 8 7% U ﬁful ,Famz'g'y Hardy].

\
..m‘.z.¢~.-L..‘ .M‘ _-.. w

T.

The TACAMAHAC TREE.
TACAMAHACCA.

A Large and beautiful Tree, Native of the

Eaﬂ, and of flmerica. It is ﬁfty or‘ﬁxty
Feet high. The Bark is brown on the Trunk,
and greyiih on the Branches. The Leaves are
large and longifh, {harp-pointed, and dentated at
the Edges, they are of a dufky Green on the up-
per Side, and brownilh underneath. The Flowers
are inconﬁderable, and yellowifh. The Fruit is
{mall and round. The Buds of the Tree are very
fragrant, abrown Kind of Reﬁn iITues from them,
which flicks to the Fingers, and this has that
pleafant Smell.

We ufe no Part of the Tree, but a Reﬁn which
is produced from it. The Druggiﬁs keep this.
It is brown, fome of it is in Grains, and fome in
a Mafs. It is ufed only externally, a Plaiﬁer
made of it, fpread on Leather, is applied to the
Forehead againﬁ the Head-ach; and to the Na—
vel in hyi’teric Cafes, but it docs not feern to have
much» Efﬁcacy.

The TAMARIND TREE.
TAMARINDUS.

A Very pretty Tree, Native both of the Eu]?
and U""q/3~]7:dz'es, and kept in many of our

Gardens. The Trunk is covered with a pale

N‘ I B k h . "

-moured rougi ar , t e Branches mth a {moo-

ther. The Leaves are each compofed of a great

many Pairs of imaller, depofed on a common Rib,

.2 with ;

’ D .
_ , l
:I _ 1, J 3
‘ .3”?

7726 Uﬂﬁd Famzb Heféal. 3 59

with'no odd one at the End. They are fmall,
oval, and of a very pale or whitifh Green. The
Flowers are large, and very pretty, they are
part yellow, and part white; the White Leaves
of them f’tained often with red. They fiand in Clu-
fiers, half a dozen together. The Fruit is a ﬂat
Pod, broad, brown, and hard, thefe contain
a pulpy Subi’tance, and the Seeds a firingy Mat—
ter~ with them. The Pulp, Strings, and Seeds
are brought over. to us, and the Pulp is feparated
for Ufe: It is of a pleafant acid Taf’te, and is
a gentle and excellent Purge; it works alfo by
Urine. It is good in the Jaundice. The Pul
is ufeful alfo to cool the Mouth, and quench
Thirft in Fevers. It is not much ufed ﬁngly as a
Purge. '

TAMARISK.
TAMARISCUS.

Little Tree, frequent wild in France, and kept

in our Gardens: It grows, however, much
larger in its native Climate than here. The Bark
is brown on the Trunk, and paler on the Branches,
and the young Shoots are red and very (leader.
The Leaves are very beautiful, they are of a ﬁne
bright Green, delicately divided into {mall Parts,
and regular. The Flowers are very ﬁnall and
red, but they ﬁand in Spikes, and very clolﬂe to-
gether -, and as four or ﬁve of thefe Spikes alfo
often ﬂand together, they are very confpicuous;
the Seeds are fmall and lodged in a downy Sub~
ﬁance. ‘

The Bark is ufed dried, and the Tops of the.
Branches frelh, both have the fame Virtue; the
one is heft in Decoéiion, the other in a light In-
fulion, made in the Manner of Tea. Fither is
good to open Obflruétions. They promote the
V. A a 4. Menle‘s,

if

n
.»- a -

360 727a U ﬂfu/ Faﬂll'b' Hérﬁal.

Menfes, are good in the Jaundice, and is faid a-
gainﬁ the Rickets.

T A N s Y.
TANACETUM. \
A Common Plant in our Gardens. It is a Yard

high: The Stalks are round, ﬁrm, Upright,

and of a pale Green; the Leaves are large, ob-
long, broad, and very beautifully formed, they
are each compofed of feveral Pairs of fmaller, fet
on each Side of a common Rib, with an odd Leaf
at the End. Thefe are narrow, lon , pointed, and

ferrated at the Edges. The Flowers ﬁand in large ‘

Clui’ters at the Tops of the Stalks, and they are
roundilh, yellow, and naked. The Root is a
Cluﬁer of large creeping Fibres. The whole Plant
has a ﬁrong Smell.

The Leaves are to be ufed frefh gathered, a
ﬁrong Infuﬁon of them opens Obf’truc‘tions, it
works powerfully by Urine, and gently promotes
the Menfes. The Flowers dried, powdered, and
mixed with Treacle, are a common Medicine for
‘Worms, and they viﬁbly deftroy them.

WILD TANSY.
ARGENTINA.

ACommon wild Plant about our W ay-ﬁdes,
and a great Ornament to them. It rifes to

no Height. The Stalks creep upon the Ground,
and take Root at the Joints, but it is eaﬁly di~
ﬁinguifhed by its lilvery Leaves and yellow Flow-
ers. The Stalks are round and rediih. The
Leaves rife from thefe, they are very large, and,
each compofed of a great many Pair of fmaller,
let on both Sides of a common Rib, with an odd
one at the End. They are of the Shape, and
much

  

 

 

7736 U/éfulFamz'ly HeréaZ. '361

much of the Size, of the Leaves of Tanfy, and
the ﬁnaller Leaves, of which they are compofed,
are oblong, narrow, and ferrated, but they are of
a molt beautiful Colour, a ﬁne ﬁlvery Green on
the upper Side, and a perfet‘t ﬁlvery White on the
under. The Flowers Rand on Ihort F cot-Stalks,
and are large and yellow, fomewhat like the
Flowers of the Crow—foots, but more beautiful.

The Leaves are ufed; a ﬁrong Infuﬁon of them
is given with Suecefs againl’c the Bleeding of the
Piles, and bloody Stools: And made lefs {’trong
and fweetened a little with Honey, it is excellent
for a fore Throat. The Women ufe it alfo to
take away Freckles, but this iiiems idle.

TARRAGOM
DRACUNCULUS.

Common Plant in our Gardens. It is two
Feet high. The Stalk is round, upright,
ﬁrm, and green; the Leaves are very numerous,
and {land irregularly. They are longifh and very
narrow, and of a deep green Colour, the Flowers
are little and greenilh, in Form like thofe of
Wormwood, they {land in Spikes at the Tops of
the Stalks. The whole Plant has a firong Smell,
fomewhat like Fennel.
An Infuﬁon of the frefh Tops works by Urine,
and gently promotes the Menfes. .

TEA.
THEA.

Shrub, Native of the Eaﬂ, and cherilhed there
with great Care. It is fix or feven Feet high,

the Branches are ﬂender, the Leaves are numerous,
oblong, fer-rated round the Edges, and {harp—
pointed. The Flowers are as big as Orange—
Flowers,

3 6 2 The U ﬂful Family Heréal.

Flowers and White; they ﬁand in a very fmall
Cup: The Fruit is dry, and of the Bignefs of a-
Nut, containing one, two, or three Cells.

All the Kinds of Tea are the Leaves of this
Shrub, they only differ as they are gathered in
in different States, the Bohea Tea is gathered
when the Leaves are in the Bud, and more Heat
is ufed in drying it. The feveral Sorts of Green
are got from the young Shoots or older Branches,
in Spring, in Summer, or in Autumn, and dried
with different Degrees of Care, according to their
Value.

Good green Tea, drank moderately, ﬁrengthens
the Stomach, and ailif’ts Digei’tion, it is good a-
gaini’t Sicknefiés, and will prevent the Cholic :
But when bad Tea is drank, and a great deal of it,
nothing is more pernicious. Bohea-Tea is more
aitringent, and it is reftorative and ﬁrengthning,
this fhould be drank with Cream, but with only
a moderate Qiantity of Sugar.

TEAZLE.
DIPSACUS SYLVESTRIS.

Tall and ftately Plant, common by Road-lides,
with large burr-like Heads, and little red
Flowers, growing out of them. It is ﬁx Feet high,
the Stalk is ﬁngle, thick, white, and very firong. ‘
The Leaves grow two together, encompalling
the Stalk at their Bale, and make a hollow there,
which will hold water: They are prickly on the
under Part along the Rib. The Heads are as big
as an Apple, and l‘omewhat oblong, they are of
a pale Colour. The Root is long.

TheRoot is tiled; it is bitter, and given, in In-
fuﬁon, ﬁrengthens the Stomach, and creates an
Appetite. It is allb good againﬂt Oblti'tiﬂions of
the Liver, and the Jaundice, People have an

Opinion

The U ﬂful Famigy Heréal. 36 3

Opinion of the Water that {tends in the hollow
of the Leaves, being good to take away Freckles.

There is another Kind of Teazle, called the
manured Teazle. The Heads are ufed in dref-
ling of Cloth, the Virtues are the fame, and they
differ very little, in their general Form.

BLESSED THISTLE.
CARDUUS BENEDICTUS.

Plant, once in great Eﬁeem, and at prefent

not altogether neglected. It is a Native of
the warmer Countries, and is railed with us in
Gardens. It is two Feet high; the Stalk is rediﬁi,
ﬂender, and weak, very much branched, and fcaree
able to keep upright, under the Weight of Leaves
and Heads. The Leaves are long, narrow, cut
in on both Sides, and of an obfcure Green. - The
Flowers are yellow, they Rand in a Kind of green
leafy Heads: The little Leaves compoﬁng thefe
Heads, are prickly, and each of the Cups of the
Flowers, ends in a long brown Spine, dented on
both Sides. '

It is a Bitter and Stomachic. An Infuﬁon of it,
taken in large Qlantities, will excite Vomiting:
In fmaller Draughts, it is good to create an Ap-
petite, and prevents SicknelTes, and Reachings.
The Leaves dried and powdered, are good againi’c
Worms. It was at one Time, fuppofed to p0ﬂéfs
very great Virtues againf’c Fevers of all Kinds,
but that is now dilregarded.

MILK

.‘ "”5

364.- 77.569 Uﬂfu? FamiZy Heréal.

MILK THISTLE.
CARDUUS MARIJE.

A Very beautiful Plant, common by Road—ﬁdes,
but wanting only to have been a Native of
Greece, or the Indies, to be ei’teemed one of the
moﬂ: elegant Vegetables in the World. The
Leaves riﬁng from the Root, are two Feet limg,
and more than a Foot broad, of a beautiful deep
Green, variegated all over with irregular Lines of
a milk White, \dentated deeply at the Edges, and
prickly. They fpread themfelves into a Round of
more than a Yard Diameter, and when they grow
out of the Way of Dull, make a moft charming
Appearance. A ﬁngle Salk rifes in the midl’t of
thefe. It is ﬁve Feet high, round, thick, very
ﬁrm, upright, and divided at the Top into a few
Branches. The Leaves on it are like thofe from
the Root, 'and variegated with white in the fame
Manner. At the 'I‘Ops {land the Flowers, which
are of the Nature of thofe of other Thiftles, but
twice as big, and vaﬁly more beautiful. The-
ﬁowery Part is of a deep and ﬁne Purple, the
Head itfelf is compofed of beautiful Scales arrang-
ed with great Regularity, and each terminating in
a ﬁngle and very ﬁrong Prickle, the Root is long
and thick, the Seeds are winged with Down.
The Root and Seeds are ufed. An Infulion of
the frefh‘ Root removes Obftruétions, and works
by Urine, it is good againl’t the Jaundice. The
Seeds beaten up into an Emulﬁon with Barley-
Water are good in Pleuriﬁes. The young Leaves
with the Prickles cut off, are excellent boiled in
the Way of Cabbage, they are very wholefome,
and exceed all other Greens in Taﬁe.

THORN

773a U ﬁful Family .Hearhzl. 3‘65

THO-RN APPLE.
STRAMONIUM.

A Very beautiful Plant, Native of warmer

Climates, but frequent in our Gardens, we
fometimes meet with it, as it is called, wild; but
it is no Native ‘of our Country. Seeds have been
fcattered from Gardens. »

It is three Feet high; the Stalk is round, thick,
and divided into many Branches. The Leaves
are very large, oblong, broad, and of a bright
Green; divided at the Edges, and of a pretty Ap-
pearance, but a very ill Smell. The Flowers are
very large, and white, they are hollow, and long :
Open, and angulated at the Brim. The Fruit
is as big as a large Walnut, and is covered with
Prickles; the Root is very long, and thick, white,
and of an ill Smell.

The Leaves are ufed externally; the Country
People lay them upon Burns and Inﬂammations,
but this is not always fafe. The Root and Seeds
are of a ﬂeepy Qiality, but they are not thought
fafe to be given inwardly. Opium is a lefs dan- .
gerous Medicine, to they are not ufed.

GOATﬁTHORN
TRAGACANTHA.

ALittle white looking prickly Shrub, Native
of the Edﬂ, but kept in our Gardens. . It is
not above two or three Feet high, very fpreading,
and full of Branches. The Stem is of atou‘gh
and very ﬁrm Subf’tance, covered with a whi-
tifh rough Bark: The Branches are as tough,
and the Bark is pale but fmoother. The Leaves
are long and narrow; they are each compofed ofa
. great many Pairs of fmaller fet on a middle Rib,
3 which

 

366 753 U/éful Famz'_/y Heréal.

which is continued into a Thorn, and when thel'e
Leaves fall off, remains a white Thorn of that
Length. The Flowers are white and fmall, they
are of the Shape of ' a Pea Bloﬁ‘om, but ﬂatter ;
the Pods which follow are fhort and ﬂat.

No Part of the Shrub itfelf is ufed, but we
have a Gum produced by it, and called by its
Name in the Shops; this is what they alfo call
Gum Dragant, it is white and tough, and is in
long twif’ted Pieces, it fweats out of the Bottom
of the Trunk, in the Heat of Summer. It is
good in Coughs ariﬁng from a {harp Humour;
and in Sharpnefs of Urine, and fharp Stools, but
it is a difagreeable Medicine ; it is very difﬁcultly
powdered, and the Solution is not pleafant.

THOROUGHWA'X.
PERFOLIATA.

A Very beautiful wild Plant among our Corn,

diftinguifhed by the Stalk growing through
the Leaves. It is three Feet high. The Stalk
is round, firm, upright, whitifh, and toward the
Top divided into fome Branches. The Leaves-
are broad and oval, the Stem runs through them
toward the Bottom, for they have no Foot~
Stalks, and they furround it in their largei‘t Part,
ending in a blunt Point. They are of a bluifh
green Colour, and not dented at the Edges. The
Flowers are little and yellow, they {tantl in Clu-
fters, or a Kind of Umbels at the Tops of the
Branches, with a parcel of ﬁnall Leaves placed
under them. The Root is white, oblong, and
ﬂender.

The Leaves are ufed by the Country People
againit Wounds and Bruifes externally, the Seeds
are given inwardly, to prevent the ill lilii‘etis of
internal Hurts.

THYMB

7228 U/éful 1747”in Heréal. 367

THYME.
TH YMUS.

A Common Plant in our Kitchen Gardens, with

hard and woody Stalks, fmall Leaves, and
pale red Flowers. The Height is eight or ten
Inches, the Branches are numerous. The Leaves
f’tand two at each Joint, and are of a dulky Green;
the Flowers are difpofed in a Kind of fhort Spikes
at the Tops of the Stalks; the whole Plant has a
{trong Smell, and an aromatic Taﬂe.

A Tea made of the frefh Tops of Thyme, is
good in Afthmas, and Stufﬁngs of the Lungs :
It is recommended againﬂ: nervous Complaints -,
but for this Purpofe the wild Thyme called Mo~
ther of Thyme is preferable. There is an Oil
made from Thyme, that cures the Tooth- ach, a
Drop or two of it being put upon Lint, and ap-
plied to the Toorh; this is commonly called Oil
of Origanum.

TOAD FLAX.
LINARIA.

A Common wild Plant, with narrow bluifh

Leaves, and thick Spikes of yellow Flowers.
It grows on dry Banks, and is a Foot and half
high. The Stalk is round and thick, ﬁrm, up-
right, and ﬁngle. The Leaves ﬁand irregularly,
they are oblong, narrow, fmooth, not dented at
the Edges, and pointed at the Ends: The F low-
ers {land in a {hort and thick Spike, they are large,
and many of them are generally open together,
they have a Spur behind; and their Forepart is
of two Yellows, a darker in the Middle, and a
paler on each Side.

The

 

,' ' “ ‘

  

388 22g Ufefu/ Family Harm.

The Tops are ufed frefh gathered, or the
whole Herb dried. An Infuﬁon of them is ex-
cellent againi’t the Jaundice, and all inward Ob-
f’truftions; it gently promotes the Menfes, and
works by Urine. —A ﬁne coolin‘g Ointment is
made by boiling the frefh Plant chopped to pieces
in Lard, till it be crifp, the Lard is then to be
ﬂrained off, and is of a ﬁne green Colour.

TOBACCQ
NICOTIANA.

Tall and beautiful Plant, Native of the W'eﬂ-

Indies, but kept in our Gardens. It is ﬁve
Feet high, the Stalk is round, thick, upright,
ﬁngle, and a little hairy. It has a clammy Damp-
nefs about it, by which it ﬂicks to the Hands in
touching. The Leaves are very large, oblong,
and pointed at the Ends. They are of a dufky
green Colour, and feel alfo clammy like the Stalk.
The Flowers are red and large, they are long,
hollow, and open at the Mouth. The Seed-Vel—
fel is oval, and the Seeds are fmall.

The Leaves are good .frelh or dried. A ﬂight
Infuﬁon of them frefh gathered is a powerful Vo-
mit; it is apt to work too roughly, but for Con-
ﬂitutions that will bear it, is a good Medicine a-
gainft Rheumatic Pains. An Ointment made of
the frefh ones with Lard, is good againi’t the In-
ﬂammation of the Piles, the dif’tilled Oil is fome‘
times dropped on Cotton to cure the Tooth-ach,
applying it to the Tooth; the Powder kills all
Kinds of Vermin. As to the Cuf’tom of Chewing
and taking it as Snuﬁ', little can be faid for them,
from Practice, and nothing from Reafon : Nor
much for Smoking. If thefe Cui’toms had any
good Tendency, it would be. taken off by the
conﬁzant Praélice.

' There

k ~....l L ' '2‘. 1““?
l: “t
. _ .,
. , . v

a. a! m. 1. . «are If“ ‘3

. 3‘ J «“2”, .
l __,, W“.
' I: n 5* i
, .

* ':,~~:
‘ 1.1

“ YZe U/éful Family Heréal; ‘ 369
There is a leﬂér' greener Kind of Tobacco, cal-
led Engli/b Tobacco. It has the fame Virtues

with the other, but in a mOre remifs‘ Degree. The
Leaves are often fold for thofe of the other.

TORMENTIL;
TORMENTILLA.

A Very common wild Plant, but very pretty,

and of great Virtue. The Stalks are eight
Inches long, but they don’t f’tand upright. They
' are very ﬂender, round, and of a brownifh Colour.
The Leaves f’tand feven or thereabout together at
a Joint, all riﬁng from one Bafe; they are narrow,
longiih, pointed at the Ends, and ferrated at the
Edges, and of a deep Green. The Flowers are
ﬁnall, but of a beautiful {hining Yellow : They
grow on {lender Foot—Stalks, and are of the Shape
and Colour of the Crow-Foot Flowers, onlymore
beautiful; and much lefs. The Roots are large,
thick, and crooked, brown on the Outﬁde, and
redilh within, and of an auf’tere Tai’te.

The R00t is the Part ufed, and it is bef’t dried;
it may be given in Powder, or Decoétion. The
Powder is excellent againﬂ' the Bleeding of the
Piles, Bloody Stools, and the Overﬂowings of
the Menfes. Two Ounces of the Root added to
a uart of Harts—horn Drink in the boiling,
gives it a pretty Colour, and adds to its Virtue;
the Root is cordial as well as aftringent, and ope-
rates a little by Sweat : This Decoftion is therefore
very ferviceable in F evers, attended with Purgings.
It checks this moderately, and is good againﬁ the
Fever at the fame Time.

B b TREE

 

'2’ ‘1 ‘3; “
3*»
‘n

370 7753 U/éful FamiZy Herﬁal.

.TREE or LIFE.
'ARBOR VITZE.

Small Tree of irregular Growth, a Native of

America, but common in our Gardens. The
Trunk is covered with a rough brown Bark: The
Branches are numerous, and irregular; the young
Twigs are ﬂatted, and the Leaves on them are
Very ﬂat, and of a fcaly Texture; they are of a
bright Green, narrow, and fomewhat like the
Leaves of Cyprus, only not prickly; the Flowers
are whitifh, fmall, and incOnﬁderable: They f’tand
towards the Tops of the Branches. The whole
Tree. has a [bong and not agreeable Smell, it
brings into one’s Mind old bad Cheefe.

The young Shoots, and Tops of the Branches,
areufed frefh. An Infuﬁon of them is good a-
gainf’t Obltrué‘tions of the Lungs, but it mull be
ﬂight, and the Ufe continued.

The GUM ANIME TREE.
ANIME ARBOR.

Large and beautiful Tree, Native of ﬂmerim.

Its Trunk is covered with a rough brown
Bark; the Leaves are large and oblong, they are
riot unlike thole of the common Bay-Tree in Form,
and they always grow two at a Joint, one oppo-
ﬁte to the other. They are very numerous; and
the Branches of the Tree fpread a great Way,
they are not at all naked, but the Head feems at a
Diftance a folid Mafs : The Leaves are of a ﬁrm
Texture, but when held up to the Light, innumera-
ble Holes are feen in them, as they are in the
Leaves of Sr. :‘fo/m’r-wort. The Flowers are
ihaped like Pea Blollbms, they are of a purple
Colour,

2

 

7778 U/éful Famzéz Heréal. 371"
Colour, and ﬂand at the Tops of the Branches.
The Fruit is a large Pod. '

The only Subﬂance we owe to this Tree, is
what we commonly call Gum Anime, but that is
a very ill Name, it is properly a Reﬁn. It is
whitifh, brittle, and Very fragrant. We fometimes
alfo fee at the DrUggif’ts a gre‘enifh, brownifh, or
redifh Reﬁn, called Gum Anime; this comes from
the Ea/l, and is what was originally known by
that Name -, but at prefent the other onlyis ufed,
It is a ﬁne Balfam, good in Confumptions, and
againft the Whites: And it is put into fome
Ointments, for old Ulcers, with great Advané
tage.

TREEFOIL.
TRIFOLIUM PURPUREUM.

Common wild Plant, in our Meadows. Itis

eight Inches high, the Stalk is round, and
not very upright : The principal LeaVEs rife im-‘z
mediately from the Root, they ﬁend three toge—~
ther upon long Foot-Stalks, and are of an oval
Figure, but pointed; of a pale green Colour, a
little hairy, and have generally a white Spot in
the Center of each. The Leaves on the Stalks,
are of the fame Form, but little :' The Flowers
ﬁand at the Tops, .in a Kind of fhort thick Spikes,
they are {mall and red, and are followed by little
ﬂat Pods. .

The Flowers are ufed; they are belt frelh ga-
thered, and given in Infuﬁon. They are good
againl’t the Bleeding of the Files -, and while they
are balfamic and aftringent in the Bowels, they

work by Urine.

B b 2 TURMERIC.

3 7 2 The U jig/'21] Family Heréal.

TURMERIG
CURCUMA.

' . Native of the Eaﬂ-Indies, and a very ﬁn-

' gular Plant. The Leaves rife immediately
from the Root, and are long, broad, pointed at
the Ends, not dented at the Edges, and of a very
deep green Colour. On other Parts of the Root,
{land the Stalks, which bear the Flowers, thefe
are a Foot high, and of the Thicknefs of a Goofe
Qlill. They have only a kind of Films inﬂead of
Leaves, the Flowers Hand in {hort thick Spikes,
and are of a red Colour, longifh and ﬂender ; they
look very pretty in the Spike, but do not 121%
long, the Root is oblong, thick, and of an irre—
gular Figure, whitifh on the Outﬁde, and of a
deep Yellow within, it creeps under the Surface of
the Ground. ,

Our Druggiﬁs keep thefe Roots dry. They
are good againi‘t the Jaundice; they open all Ob-
llruclions, and promote the Menfes, and work by
Urine.

. TURPETH.
TURPETHUM.

Di Plant of the Bind-weed Kind, Native of the
{‘ Ear-Indies. It grows to twelve Feet in
Length, but the Stalk is {lender and weak, and
cannot fupport itl‘elf upright. The Leaves are
oblong, broad, and obtufely pointed. The Flow—
ers are white, and large; they very much refem-
ble thole of the common great Bind-weed, and the
Seed-Vefi'el is large and full of little Seeds; the

Root is very long and ﬂender‘.
The Bark of the Root is fent us dry. It is
properly indeed the whole Root, with the hard
woody

iii?

77m U ﬁful FdiﬂiZy Heréal. 3 7 3

woody Part taken out of its Center. It‘is kept
by our Druggiﬂs, it is a brifk Purge given in a
proper Dofe, but it is very rarely ufed at this

‘ Time. ' . - '

The TURNEP.
RAPUM‘

Plant too common in our Gardens, to require

a curious Defcription. The Root is round
and white, or purpliﬂi. The Leaves are large,
long, rough, and of a deep Green, they are deep-
ly cut at the Edges, and large and round at the
Ends: The Stalks are aYard high, round, fmooth,
ﬁrm, upright, and branched; the Leaves on them
are fmall and fmooth; the Flowers are little and
yellow, and they {land in a Kind of long Spikes,
they are followed by long Pods.

The Roots are f0 frequently eaten, that few
would think of their poﬁ'eﬂing any medicinal
Virtues, but being cut into Slices, and ﬁewed
with Sugar, till their Juice with the Sugar be—
comes a Syrup; this is a very good ‘Medicine
againl’t a Cough.

The TURPENTINE TREE.
TEREBINTHUS.

Tall Tree in the Eaﬂ, where it is Native; we
have it in Gardens, but it never arifes to any
great Height here. The Bark is brown, and.
rough: The Branches are numerous and [land ir~
regularly, the Leaves are each compofed of a
double Row of fmaller fet on a common Rib,
with an odd one at the End. Thefe are oval,
and of a deep lhining Green. The Flowers are
{mall and purple; they appear in Form of Clu-
l‘terS of Threads before the Leaves 3 the Fruit is
B b 3 long,

374. iﬁelU/éful Family Heréal.

long,‘ but with a Kernel of a reﬁnous Tafte.
The whole Shrub has alfo a reﬁnous Smell.

We ufe no Part of the Tree, but the ﬁne Chio
Turpentine, the molt eﬁeemed of all thofe Bal-
[ams, is obtained from it in the Ifland whence it
has its Name. It is a pleafant and an excellent Me-
dicine, it works by Urine, and is an univerfal
Balfam. It is good in Coughs andall other Difor-
ders of the Lungs, and it {tops the Whites, and
the WeakneITes after Venereal Complaints,

There are feveral other Kinds of Turpentine in
Ufe in the Shops, produced from the different
Trees -, the Venice Turpentine is from the Larch
Tree, the Straréurgb Turpentine, for the Yew
leav’d Fir, and the common Turpentine from the
wild Pine. They all have been mentioned alrea-
dy, under the Names of the feveral Trees which

roduce them; but this is the fineit Kind. What
is‘called Cyprus Turpentine, it is obtained from
the fame Tree with the Club Turpentine, the
right Turpentine Tree, but it is coarfer and
browner, otherwife the fame with the Cbio.

TUT‘SAN.
ANDROSZEMUM.

A Very lingular and beautiful Plant, and of great
Virtues. It grows in our Woods and under
Hedges, but not very common: It is kept in
many Gardens. It grows two Feet in Height.
The Stalks are ﬁrm and fmooth, of a re‘clifh
Colour, tolerably upright, and not at all branched,
except for fome young Shoots near the Top. The
Leaves ﬁand two at each Joint, oppoﬁte to one
another, and atho great Diiian‘ce; they are very
large, and of :1 Shape approaching to oval. Their
Colour is a brownii’h Green, they are ﬁnooth and
not ferrated at the Edges. The Flowers are not
VCIY

’

77x Uﬂful Famz’gy Heréal. ‘3 7 5
very large, but of a beautiful Yellow, they re—
femble thfo of St. yabn’s—wart, and are like them
full of yellow Threads, which, when rubbed, ﬁain
the Hands red. The Fruit is a Kind of Berry,
black when ripe, and containing a great (Alan—
tity of fmall Seeds. The whole Plant in Autumn,
frequently appears of a Blood-red Colour, very
ﬁngular and beautiful. The Root is fmall, redifli,
and irregular, it creeps under the Surface.

The Leaves are an excellent Cure for frefh
Wounds. Scarce any thingis equal to them. The
young and tender ones at the Tops of the Branches
are to be chofen, they are to be bound upon
the Wound, and they {top the Bleeding, and per—
form a very fpeedy Cure. I have had very late
and very ﬁngular Inﬁances of the Effects of this
Herb. Manyoftljé common Plants are celebrated
for this Virtue, but the Effect of this is furpri-
fing. ,

TWY BLADE.
'BIFOLIUM.

. Very ﬁngular and pretty Plant, common
in our Meadows, in the Beginning of Sum—
mer. It is aFoot-high, the Stalk is round, green,
tender, and upright; it has only two Leaves on it,
and they grow from the Root. They are very
large, broad, of an oval Figure, and ﬁand oppov
ﬁre to one another, about the middle of the Stalk,
or fomewhat lower. The Flowers are [mall and
green, they are of an uncommon Figure, fome-
what like that of the Orchis’s, and they {land in
a long Spike; the Seeds are very fmall, and the

Root is linall, (lender, and white.
The frefh gathered Plant is ufed, an lnfuﬁon
of it made f’trong, is good againﬁ the Bleeding of
b 4 the

3 76 The U ﬁful FamiZy Herér'zl.

the Piles, and the Juice is recommended to be
applied to them externally.

 

V.

GARDEN VALERIAN.
VALERIANA HORTENSIS.

Tall and beautiful Plant, Native of the mounv

tainous Parts of Italy, and common in our
Gardens. It is three Feet high. The Stalk is
upright, round, ﬁriated, and hollow. The Leaves
which grow from the Root, are long and {ome—
what broad; fome of thefe are divided deeply on
each Side, others are intire, all have a broad and
round End. Thofe on the Stalks are fmaller, ”and
they are all deeply divided. The Flowers {tand
in large Tufts, in the Form of Umbels; at the
Tops of the Stalks and Branches, they are fmall
and white. The Root is long, irregular, and mo-
derately thick; it creeps under upon the Surface
of the Ground, and has a ﬁrong Smell 5 its C0-
lour is brown, and it is full of Fibres.

This Root is ufed dry, the Druggif’ts call it
Phu, it is good in F evers, and in Suppreﬁions of
the Menfes, for it is diaperetic, and good a-
gainf’t all Qbﬁruétions. It works alfo by Urine,
and it is warm upon the Stomach, and good a»
gainﬁ Diforders of the Nerves. ‘

WILD

7h Uﬁful’Family Herb}. ;377

- WILD VnLﬁRIAN.
VALERIANA SYLVESTRIS.

ATall and handfome Plant, frequent in our
Woods, and upon Heaths, not unlike the
Garden Valerian in its Form and Manner of
Growth, and of greater Virtues. It is aYard
high. The Stalks are round, ﬁriated, upright,
hollow, and of a pale Green. The Leaves are
large and beautiful, they are each compofed of
feveral Pairs of fmaller, fet on a common Rib,
and with an odd one at the End. Thefe are long,
' narrow, dentated at the Edges, of a faint green
Colour and a little hairy. The Flowers fiand in
large Tufts, like Umbels, at the Tops of the Stalks,
and are {mall and white, with a Blulh of redifh.
The Root is of a whitilh Colour, and is compofed
of a greatimany thick Fibres. It is of a very
ﬁrong and difagreeable Smell.

The Root is ufed; it is bel’t dried and given in
Powder, or in Infuﬁon. It is an excellent Medi-
cine in nervous Diforders. It is faid that it will
cure the falling Sicknefs, but its good Effects
againﬁ Head—achs, Low—fpiritednefs, and Trems
blings of the. Limbs, are well known.

The VANILLA PLANT.
VANILLA.

A Climbing Plant, Native ofﬂmerz'az. It grows
to thirty Feet or more in Length, but the
Stalk is [lender and weak, and climbs upon Trees
to fupport it. It is round, firiated, green, and
tough. The Leaves are numerous and placed
irregularly; they are a Foot long, conﬁderably
broad, and like thofe of the common Plantain,
of a duﬂ<y Green, and have high Ribs. The
' Flowers

\_ . L-“ ‘ W
\ 3 7,8 {Me U/éful Fami[y Heréal,

Flowers are fmall in Shape like a Pea Bloﬂ‘om,
but of a greenifh white Colour. The Pods are

long and ﬂatted, of a brown Colour, of a very

fragrant Smell, and full of exceedingly ﬁnall

seeds.

This Pod is the Part ufed; it is a Cordial and
Reﬁorative, it opens Obﬁrué‘tions, and promores
theMenfes, it operates by Urine, and by Sweat,
‘but it is not much ufed. Some put them into
Chocolate, to give it a Flavour, and to make it
more cordial and reﬁorative, this is done in the
grinding up the Nuts to the Cake, and we buy
it by the Name of Vanilla Chocolate.

VERVAIM
VERBENA.

A Common wild Plant, about our Path—ways,

with [lender Spikes, and a few little Flowers.
It is two Feet high, the Stalks are numerous,
fquare, very ﬁrong, a little hairy, and often pur-
plilh. The Leaves grow two at each Joint, they
are oblong, narrow, notched at the Edges, of a
- dull<y Green, and of a wrinkled and rough Sur—
face. The Flowers are white, with a Tinge of
purplifh : There is a long Spike of their Buds and
of the Remaining Cups, but only two or three
Flowers are open at a Time.

The frelh gathered Tops are ufed; an Infulion
of them is good againﬁ Obl‘truftions of the Liver
and Spleen: It is warm upon the Stomach, and a
continued ‘Ufe of it will remove nervous Com~
plaints,

The

:1“sz

. - m3;-
‘1 ' e

We UjéfuI-iFamz'l‘ZjiHeréal. _-;_;_;79

The VI-N i=2.
VITIS.

A Weak Shrub too familiar in our Gardens, to
need much Defcription. The Trunk .is co-
vered with a rough Bark, the Branches are long,
weak, and {’traggiing; the Leaves are roundifh in
the whole F igure, but indented deeply into ﬁve Or
{even Diviﬁons, the lower are inconﬁderable :' The
Fruit is round oruoblong, juicy, and produced in
great Bunches,

We ufe no Part of the common Vine, as it
grows with us; but not to mention the feveral
Kinds of Wine that are ufeful on different Occa-
ﬁons, the dried Fruit in the Form of what we
call Raiﬁns and Currants, is in conﬂant Repute,
Raiﬁns of the Sun, Malaga Raiﬁns, and Currants
all have the fame Virtues, they are good in Coughs,
and Soarnefs of the Lungs, and in Confump-
trons.

Vinegar is alfo a Product of the Grape: It is
Wine become four, and Spirit of Wine and Brandy
of the very belt Kinds, are made from Wine alfo
by Diﬁillation. The Subl’tance called Tartar, of
which the Cream of Tartar is made, is only a Salt
of the Grape, which {ticks to the Wine Caikst
So that we owe to the Grape, more Medicines than
to any one Simple wh atfoever.

s

VIOLET.
VIOLA.

A Common wild Plant in our Woods and
Hedges, but of a Fragrance fuperior to all
that we receive from the rich Eaﬂ. It is a
little low creeping Plant, obfcure even when in
ﬂower, the Stalks are round, green, and creepirﬁg;

‘ S P CY

{f ‘ -
1/ ' - I

380 We Uﬂfu/ Family Heréal.
they do not rife'up, but fpread themfelvcs along
the Ground, taking Root at the Joints, ' the
Leaves rife from thefe r‘ooted Parts, they are large
and I’tand each on a long Foot-Stalk. They are
of a Heart—like Shape, and dented round the
Edges, and of a deep Green.- The Flowers are
fmall and of a deep and beautiful Purple, they
.ﬁand ﬁngly on ihort Foot-Stalks ariﬁng among
the Leaves, and covered by them. ‘
y The Flowers are the Part ufed, boiling Water

is to be poured upon them jul’t enough to cover
them, and it‘is'to Rand all Night; when it is
f’trained clear off, the Sugar is to be added to it,
at the Rate of two Pounds to each Pint, and, it
is to be melted over the Fire, this makes Syrup
of Violets, an excellent gentle Purge for Children.
The Leaves are dried alfo, and are ufed in the
Decoé‘tions for Glyﬁers. An Infuﬁon of them
works by Urine. ,

VIPERS GRASS.
SCORZONERA.
A Tall and handfome Plant, Native of the

warmer Parts of Europe, but kept in our
Gardens. It is three Feet high, the Stalk is round,
thick, upright, and ﬁrm, the Leaves are nume—
rous and ﬁand irregularly, they are long, nars
row, of a pale green, {harp-pointed, and not deny
tated at the Edges. T hofe from the ~Root are
long and narrow alfo, but they are conﬁderably
large. The Flowers grow at the Top of the
Branches, they are large like Dandelion Flowers
in Shape, and of a mol’t beautiful pale Yellow;
the Seed has a white Down annexed to it. T he
Root is long, thick, and brown.

The

~99: :

m Ufefulthmz‘ly Heréal. ‘38::

The Root is the Part ufed, and it is bcf’t frefh
taken up. It is given in Infuﬁon, and it is cor-
dial, and operates by Sweat; it is good in Fevers,
but little ufed.

VIPERS BUGLoss.
ECHIUM.

A Common wild Plant, about our Path-ways,
and on Ditch-Banks, known by its {potted
Stalks, and ﬁne blue Flowers. It is a Foot and '
half high, the Stalk is round, thick, ﬁrm, hairy,
and upright; it is of awhitilh Colour, Prained
with Spots and Lines of Blue, Red, and Purple.
The Leaves are longilh and narrow; they are
rough, and of a deep dulky Green, broad and
blunt at the Point, and have no Foot—Stalks.
The Flowers are large, and of a beautiful Blue,
with red Stamina in the Middle.

The Leaves are ufed; thofe growing from the
Root, are belt; an Infuﬁon of them is cordial,
and Operates by Sweat; it is good in Fevers,
and againl’c Head-achs, and all nervous Com-
plaints.

The VIRGINIAN SNAKEROOT
PLANT.

SERPENTARIA VIRGINIANA.

A Little Plant, of the Birthwort Kind, but dif-
ferent from the feveral Sorts of that Plant
defcribed already in their Places, in its Roots,
and in its Manner of growing. It is two Feet;
high, when it grows in a favourable Soil, and has
Bulhes or any thing elfe to fupport it. The Stalks
are weak and green, the Leaves ﬁand irregularly
on them, and they are oblong, narrow, and auri-
eulated at the Bottom. The Flowers are ﬁnal],

hollow, ‘

3‘8 2 m Ufeful Family Hem].

hollow, and of a deep duiky purplilh Colour.
The Root is compofed of 21 mil Qiantity of
Strings, which are of a dufky Olive Colour, and
of a {trong Smell and aromatic Taﬁe. The Roots
of this Plant were the ﬁrﬁ that came into Ufe,
under the Name of Virginian Snakeroot, but there
are upon the Spot two other Plants of the fame
Kind, though different Species, which have thready
Roots of the fame Form, and they are indiﬁce-
rently taken up for Ufe; they all feem to have
the fame Virtue, fo that there is no harm in the
Mixture. There is fometimes another Root mixed
among them, but that is eaﬁly diﬁinguifhed, for
it is black, and thefe are all of the fame duﬂ<y
Olive Colour. This laf’t Adulteration Ihould be
avoided.

The Virginian Snakeroot is an excellent 'lVle-
dicine in Fevers, it operates by Urine and by
Sweat, and will often take off inveterate Head—
achs. It is alfo given by fome as a Remedy a—
gaini’c Worms; and it was originally famous a—
gainl’t the Poifon of the Rattle-Snake, and was a
Remedy we learnt from the Indians. It is good
againf’t Worms in Children, and may be given in
{mall Boles for a Continuance of Time. Scarce
any Thing is more effectual. ‘

The VOMIC NUT TREE.
NUX VONIICA.

Tall and fpreading Tree of the Eaﬂ, very

like that which affords the Wood called
Snake-wood in the Shops, and by fome fup-
pofed the fame with it, but that is an Error:
The Kernels of the Fruit of that Tree, are indeed
of the Shape of theVomic Nuts, but they are not
half f0 big. The Tree is large and fpreading:

The Branches are numerous, and the Leaves are
large,

m U/éful ‘Famzly Heréal. 383
large, they ﬁand in Pairs oppoﬁte to one ano-
ther; and are oblong, broadeft in the Middle,
and rounded or blunt at the End, and ofa very
bitter Tal’te; the Flowers are {mall and Raid in
Cluﬂers at certain Parts of the young Branches :
The Fruit is of the Bignefs of an Apple, and is
yellow when ripe. The Kernels in this are what
we call Nux Vomica; there are ﬁfteen of them in
each Fruit, and they are ‘lodged in three Divi-
ﬁons. ,

Thefe Kernels are the only Part ufed; our. ,7
Druggifts keep them, they are round, ﬂat, and
of a whitifh Colour, very ﬁrm, and tough. They
have been ufed as Poifon to Dogs, Cats, and other
Animals, but there are thofe who give them to
the human Species in fmall Dofes without Mif-
chief, and with very good Eﬂ'eét. Qiartan Agnes
that have ﬂood it againﬁ the Bark, have been
cured by them ; but if the Dofe be too large, they
bring on Convulﬁons, and there is great Reafon
to believe, that in very large ones they would kill.
At prefent we have Choice of f0 many Medicines
for every Diforder, that it is almoi’c unpardbnable,
to give fuch as are fufpicious. Some People have
ventured to give even Ratfbane, as a Medicine
mixed with other Things, and in the twentieth
Part of :1 Grain for a Dofe; but Reafon condemns
this rafh Way of Practice, and doubly as there is
no Necefﬁty to authorize it.

, WM
384- ~ 7733 Uﬁful Famify 170541,.

W.

The WALNUT TREE.
JUGLANs

A CommOn Tree in our Gardens, it grows to a

great Bignefs, and is very much branched.
The Leaves are very large, and long, each is
compofed of a double Row of fmaller, and has an
odd one at the End. Thefe are each of an oval
Figure, and yellowifh green Colour, and of a
plealant Smell. The Flowers are little, they are
yellowifh, and aranged in loofe Katkins. The
Fruit is covered with a green thick Coat, and has
within a Kernel divided into Parts, and of an un—
even Surface.

The Bark of the Walnut Tree is a good Eme-
tic, it may be given in Infuﬁon, or dried and
powdered, it vomits eaﬁly and plentifully. The
Skin that covers the Kernel, is good againlt
Fluxes.

WALL-FLOWER.
LEUCOIUM.

Common wild Plant, but not without Beauty,

it is frequent on old Walls, and has yellow

and fweet»lbented Flowers. The Stalks are woody,

’ and 21 Foot and half high; the Leaves are very

numerous, longilh, narrow, and \of a dead Green.

The Flowers Fraud in a Kind of Spikes, at the

Tops of the Stalks, and are yellow and moderately
large. The Seeds are contained in long Pods.

The

wr—wv‘wtm’: g-m'v '
5 .rtmlkr L
x

The Ufefu/ Famié/ Heréal. 3‘8 5

The Flowers are ufed, and an Infuﬁon of them
frefh is good againi’t the Head-ach, and in all
nervous Diforders. They are alfo good to ﬂeep ’ .
in Oil, to which they give a cordial Warmth,
and make it good againi’t Pains in the Limbs.
But they are not either way much ufed at pre-
ﬁent.

WATER ARROW HEAD‘.
SAGITTA AQUATICA.

Very pretty Plant, common in our Ditches,

with Leaves like the bearded Heads of Ar-
rows, and with pretty white Flowers. It is two
Feet and ahalf high, but generally the greatel’c
Part of the Stalk is buried in Water, ,very little
appearing above, except the Spike of Flowers;
The Leaves ﬁand each upon a Pedicle, which is
round, thick, and very long, they are of a beauti-
ful Green, and are broad, and bearded at the Bafe,
and {harp at the Point ; the Flowers are white, to-
lerably large, and very bright; and the' Stalk,
on which they are fupported, is alfo round and
thick.

The common People in many Places have a
Cui’tom of applying thefe Leaves bruifed to In—
flammations, they cool and give Eafe, but it is
not always right.

WATER PLANTAIN.
PLANTAGO AQUATICA,

AVery Common tall Plant in Ditches, and having .
not the leal‘t Refemblance of any Kind ofPlan-
tain, except in the Leaves, from which, however, it
has received its Name. The Root is compofed of a
great Qlantity of Fibres. From this, there rife
in Spring a Number of Leaves, oblong, broad,
C c fmooth,

 

386 772a U/éful Family Her5aiL.
ﬁnooth, and of a beautiful green Colour, and‘
having in, Shape, though not at all in Colour ‘
or Confidence, fome [light Refemblance of Plan-
tain: They are perfectly fmooth, of a gloﬂ'y Sur-
face, and brittle. Thefe ﬁand for many Months-
without the Stalk; and doubtlefs in this State it
got the Name. The Stalk is two Feet or more
in Height, round, ﬁrm, and upright, and at the
Top it fends out a mi“: Number of Branches,
which fend out other fmaller, and even thefe laf’c
are againdivided. On the Tops of the laﬁ Divi-
{ions i’tand the Flowers, with their Buds, and the
Seed—Veﬁ‘els; fothat the whole has the Appearance
of a Cone. The Flowers are little and white;
and conﬁi’t of three Leaves each, they {land but a.
little Time, and only a few are feen together.
The Seed is the Part ufed : The Plant is to be
fuifered to ﬁand, till this is thoroughly ripe, and.
then cut up gently, and laid to dry two or. three
Days upon a Table, 3 fmart Stroke or two, will».
diflodge a great Quantity of the Seeds, they are
very good againi’c the Overﬂowingsiof the Menfes,
and all other. Bleedings -, and are but given in
Powder in Eleétuaries, {mall Dofes being to be

taken at a Time, and often repeated.

RUE LEAV’D WHITLow—GRAss.
EARONYCHIA RUTACCO FOLIO.‘.

ACommon little Plant, early in Spring, on our
Walls and Houfes, and of a very ﬁngularz
Afpect; it is red and has pretty white Flow-
ers. . It is not more than four Incheshigh; the
Stalks are round, upright, and a little hairy, and
they are covered with an unétuous Clamminefs,
which makes} them {tick to the Fingers in hand-

ling. The Leaves are little, and alfo red; they
are

:; :t‘wﬁﬁir’ "‘ “ -'

72a U/éful Famz'ér Heréal. 3 8 7
are each divided into three Parts at the Extremity,
in the way of Fingers : They {land irregularly on
theStalks, and they are thick, ﬂelhy,and clammy
in handling. , The Flowers {land at the Tops of
the Branches; they are little, but of a very bright
white, and look very confpicuous. The whole
Plant dies away as foon as it has ripened the Seed,
and is not to be feen again till the next Spring.

The frelh gathered Plant is to be ufed intire,‘
a ftrong Infulion of it is a Very great Sweetener
of the Blood. It is excellent againﬁ the Scurvy
in whatever Form -, and there are Accounts of its
curing the King’s Evil, that feem very well attef’ted.
A Syrup may be made of its Juice, or of a very
ﬂrong Infuﬁon of it 5 or a Conferve of the Leaves :
For the dried Plant has very little Virtue, and it
is to be had frelh only a very fmall Part of the
Year.

The WHITE WILLOW.
SALIX VULGARIS ALBA.‘

A Very common Tree in wet Places,_ and this
which is ufed in Medicine, is the molt com-
mon of all the feveral Kinds of it. It is alfo the
largeﬂ. It grows to be a tall Tree, the Bark is
whitilh, and rough upon the Trunk, and grey
upon the Branches; the Leaves are oblong, nar-
row, and whitilh, efpecially on the under Side:
They {tand irregularly on the Branches, and are
a little ferrated at the Edges, and pointed at the
Ends. The Flowers are very inconﬁderable, but
they are arranged feveral together, in what are cal-
led Catkins or Palms. The Seeds are fmall; they
(hand in the fame Catkins, mixed with ﬁne white

Down.
The Bark of the Branches is ufed, and it is beft
dried; it is good againf’t Purgings, and the Over-
_ C c 2 ﬂowing:

 

   

~ 3 8 8 7772 U feful Famib/ Heréal.

ﬂowings of the Menfes, and is moﬁ: conveniently
, given in Powder, hall a Dram for a Dofe.

WINTER-GREEN.
PYROLA.

N extremely pretty Plant, wild in fome Parts
of England, but not common. The Stalk is
round, thick, upright, and ten Inches high. The
Leaves all grow from the Root, for the Stalk is
naked, they are broad, roundilh, and of a deep
green Colour, they are of a ﬂelhy Subl’tance, and
itand each on a feparate Foot-Stalk of three or
four Li‘llt‘S long; The Flowers are fmall, and of
a very bright White, they Rand in a Kind of loofe
Spike on the Tops of the ctalks. The Root is
compoihed of a Quantity of thick whitilh Fibres.
The Leaves are ufed. A Deco&ion "of them
with a Piece of Cinnamon, and a little red Wine,
is given againﬂ: the Overﬂowings of the Menfes,
bloody Stools, and all meorrhages, and a-
gliuft Ulcers in the urinary PalTages, and bloody
Urine.

\V o A D.
G L A S T U hi.

Plant cultivated in Fields, in many Parts of
England, for the Ufe of the Dyers, and com-
monly met with in Places near thofe where it was
fown, as ifa wild Plant ; but it is not properly a
Native of our Country. It is a tall, ere5t, and hand-
fome )lant; the Stalk is round, thick, ﬁrm,
upright, and {our Feet high; but it is ufually lb
covered with the Leaves. that fcarce any Part of
it is to be fcen naked. The Leaves are long and
of a conﬁderahle Breadth. They are large at the
Bale, where they grow to the Stalk, Without any
' Foot-

"whirl-”WWW?"
.3 .-.‘ » ’

The Ufefu/ Famigy H2754]. 3 8 9
Foot-Stalks; and narrower all the Way to the-
Point. They are of a bluilh green Colour, and
the whole Plant is covered with them, fo the
Top has a pretty Afpetft. The Flowers are little
and yellow; they ﬁand in great Numbers about
the Tops of the Stalks, which are divided into a
Multitude of {mall Branches; and they are fuc-
ceeded by fmall Seed-Velléls. The Root is long
and thick.

Although the Dyers are the People, who pay
molt Regard to Woad, and for whofe Ufe it is
cultivated, it has Virtues that demand for it a
great deal of Refpeét in Medicine. The Top of
the Stalks, before the Flowers appear, contain the
greatel’t Virtue, and they are bei’t frelh. .They'
are to be given in Infuﬁon, and they are excellent
againf’t Obltruétions of the Liver, and Spleen;
they work by Urine, and f0 take Effect; the Ufe
of this Infuﬁon mul’t be continued a conﬁderable
Time : Thefe are Diforders that come on llowly,
and are to be ﬂowly removed.

WOODRUFFE.
ASPERULA.

A Common little wild Plant, in our Woods, and
Thickets: It is ten Inches high. The Stalk

is fquare, ﬂender, weak, and not able to fupport
itfelfperfecrtly upright. The Leaves {land feveral
at each Joint, encompaﬂing the Stalk in the Man—
ner of a Star; they are oblong, broad, and of a
deep Green. In their Form and Manner of Growth,
they much refemble thofe of“ common Cleavers,
but they are larger, though the Plant is fo much
leis, and they are not rough as in that Plant, but
nearly linooth. The Flowers {land at the Tops
of the Stalks in little Chillers, they are fmall and
C C 3 white,

 

390 7776 Uﬂful Famigy Heréal.

white, the Seeds {tand two together in a globular
Form. The R00ts are little and ﬁbrous.

The frefh, Herb is ufed, and is beﬁ given in a
ﬁrong Decoétion; it opens Obﬁruétions of the
' Liver and Spleen, and is a Cordial, and Stoma-
chic. It is good in the Jaundice.

The WORMSEED PLANT“
'ABSYNTHIUM SANTONICUM.
A Kind of Wormwood, Native of the Eaﬂ, and

not known f0 much as in our Gardens. The
Plant is two Feet high. The Leaves are very
ﬁnely divided, like thofe of the true Roman Worm-
wood, and of a pale Green on the upper Side, and
a ﬁlvery White below. The Stalks are ftiﬁ', ﬁrm,
woody, and branched; they are of a whitifh Co—
lour, and have a loofe downy Skin upon them:
The Flowers are fmall and brownifh, they refem-
ble thofe of 'Wormwood, and {land in a Kind of
loofe Spikes at the Tops of the Stalks.

The Seeds are ufed: Our Druggiﬁs keep them,
and very often the unripe Buds of the Flowers in
their Place, are mixed with them. They are good
againﬁ Worms in Children, the good Women
give them mixed with Treacle; and few Medi—
cines for this Purpofe have better Effeé‘t. For
Pe0p1e of nicer Palates, they may be powdered,
and made into Bolufes. *

TREACLE WORMSEED.
CAMELINA.

HIS is not the Plant which produces
what the Druggif’ts fell under the Name

of Wormfeed, that is the Produce of an E-
gyptian Kind of Wormwood, juf’c defcrib~
ed. This is an Engliﬂz Herb of the PKdddd
in g,

. ; (“rim-raw r \‘ . H,
. i .-

752 U feful Famigy Heréal. 3‘91
Kind, and very dif‘tiné‘t in its whole upper Ap-
pearance from that, and all of its Sort. It is.
two Feet high. The Stalks are round, upright,
ﬁrm, and toward the Top divided into Branch-‘
es, the LeaVes are very numerous, and Panel
irregularly. They are longifh, narrow, point-
ed at the Ends, not at all dented at the Edges,
and of a dulky green Colour. The Flowers are
little and yellow, they f’tand in fmall Cluﬂzers at
the Tops of the Branches, and under them is a
Kind of Spike of Pods, thefe are long and ﬂender,
green at ﬁrlt, but of a Kind of brown Colour
when ripe; and in each is a great Number of
Seeds; thefe are round, ﬁnall, and of an extremely
bitter Tafte, much more bitter than the common
Wormfeed. ,

This Seed is the Part ufed. The good Women
bruife it, and mixing it with Treacle, give it to the
Children of robuft Conﬂitutions againft Worms.
It operates powerfully, by Stool, and is given in
too large a @antity by Vomit. It is therefore
to be ufed with Difcretion, but it will anfwer the
Purpofe, and is preferable for many Reafons, to
thofe mercurial Medicines, which it is the F afh’ion‘
of the Times to give to People for thofe Diforders, ‘
efpecially in the Country, where there feldom is
Skill enough in the Practitioner to manage as he
ought Medicines, which may be the Occaﬁon of
{0 much Mifchief.

COMMON WORMwoon.
ABSYNTHIUM VULGARE.

Wild Plant frequent by Way—ﬁdes, and on
Ditch-Banks. It is 3. Yard high. The Stalks

are round, ﬁriated, white, ﬁrm, and branched.
The Leaves are large, but they are divided into
a great Number of fmallParts. They are of a pale
C c 4. whitifh

 

39 2 7776 U feful Famzb Heréal.

whitifh Green, and f’cand irregularly on the Stalks;
many larger, but of the fame Kind, rife from the
Root.The Flowers f’tand in a Kind of loofe Spikes,
at the Tops of the Stalks -, they are fmall and brown.
The whole Plant is of a very bitter Tal‘te.
The Tops of the Plant are to be ufed freih
athered, a very ﬂight Infuﬁon of them is excel-
lent for all Diforders of the Stomach, and will pre—
vent Sicknefs after Meals, and create an Appe—
tite; but if it be made ﬂrong, it will not only be
difagreeable to the Taﬂ‘e, but will difgul‘t the
Stomach.

The Tops with the Flowers on them dried and
powdered, are good againi’t Agnes, and have the
fame Virtue with VVorml'eed in killing Worms,
indeed they are much better than the Wormfeed
that is commonly to be met with, which is gene:
rally too much decayed. The Juice of the large
Leaves of Wormwood, which grow from the
Root, before the Stalk appears, is good againi’t the
Dropfy and Jaundice, for it opens Obﬁruétions,
and works by Urine powerfully.

SEA VVORMwoon.
'ABSYNTHIUM SERIPHIUM.

A Plant common in our Salt-marfhes, and about
Ditches, where Salt Water comes. It has
fomewhat the Afpeé‘t of Wormwood, but the
Leaves are much narrower in the Divilions, and
the whole Plant is fmaller. The Stalks are woody,
ﬁrm, upright, very much branched, and a Foot
and hall high. The Leaves are whitifh and fmall.
The Flowers lland in loofe Spikes at the Tops of
the Stalks, they are little and brown; and they
very much refemble thofe of the common VVormL
Wood, except for the Size. The wholePlant khas a

atter

a». ,- ' :.:;-v:.vmas_ I ‘

7733 U ﬂful Famibl Heréal. 393

bitter Tal‘ce, , but not difagreeable, and it has a
pleafant aromatic Smell. '

The Tops frefh gathered, and the whole Plant
dry, are ul‘ed,~ The)r call it Roman Wormwood
at the Markets, and in the Shops; and it is ufed
for the other : It is of the fame general Virtues.
All the three Kinds indeed poﬂefs them in com«
mon, but the common Wormwood is the molt
difagreeable to the Tal’te, and ﬁts worl’t upon the
Stomach: This is better than that, but it is‘h'iuch
more difagreeable than the true Roman Worm-
wood. It is very ﬁrengthening to the Stomach, it
aﬂiﬂs Digei‘cion, and prevents Wind. It is com:
monly an Ingredient in the bitter Infuﬁons, and
Tinctures of the Shops, but it does very well
alone, boiling Water poured upon it, and fufl‘ered
to ftand till it is cold, then f’trained 03‘, is an
excellent Medicine to caufe an Appetite. Put
into white Wine, it alfo gives a pleafant bitter
Flavour, with the fame Virtues.

' §

ROMAN WORMWOOD.
ABSYNTHIUM ROMANUM.

A Very delicate Plant of the Wormwood Kind,-
Native of the warmer Parts of Europe, but-
kept in our Gardens. It is two Feet and a half
high, the Stalk is round, and fmooth, hard, up-
right, of a brownilh Colour, and fomewhat woody.
The Leaves {land irregularly on it, and they are
linall and divided into very ﬁne Segments: They
are more like the Leaves of the common Southern-.
wood in Figure, than thofe of either of the other
VVormwoods. The F lowers are little and brown,
like thofe of common Wormwood, but val’tly
ﬁnaller; they are very numerous, and ﬁand at
'the Tops of the Stalks in aKind of long and thick
Spikes. The Root is creeping and fpreading, and
' compofed

394. The U/éful Famigy Heréal.

compofed of Fibres. The whole Plant has a bit-
ter Tafte, but not at all like that of Wormwood,
extremely aromatic and pleaﬁng. The Flowers
are very bitter, and have little of this aromatic
Flavour.

The frelh Tops are ufed, and the whole Plant
dried. It is excellent to ﬁrengthen the Stomach;
but that is not all its Virtue, the Juice of the
frefh Tops is good againﬂ: Obﬁruétions of the
Liver and Spleen, and has been known ﬁngly to
cure the Jaundice.

 

Y.

YARROW.
MILLEFOLIUM.

A Common Plant in our Pal’cures, and by Way-
lides. It is two or three Feet high; the
Stalk is round, upright, ﬁrm, and ﬁriated: The
Leaves are long, and not very broad, and they
are the mol’t beautifully divided of thofe of any
known Plant.

Their Colour is a deep Green, and the Parts
into which they are divided, are exceedingly ﬁne,
ﬂender, and regularly arranged: The Flowers
Rand at the Tops of the Branches, in the Manner
of Umbels, in round and large Tufts; they are
White, but they often have a Blufh of Red. The
Root is white and creeping, and the Seeds are
white, broad, and ﬂat.

The whole Plant is ufed frefh gathered, but
the belt Part is the TOps of the Shoots; thefe
are to be boiled in Water, and the Decoé‘tion

fweetened

7h Uﬁful Famigy Herﬁal, 39 5

fweetened with ﬁne SUgar; it is excellent againﬂ’
the Bleedings of the Piles, and bloody Fluxes,
and the Overflowings of the Menfes. It is alfo '
healing and good in Ulcerations of the Ureters :
And it operates gently by Urine.

 

Z.

The ZEDOARY PLANT.
ZEDOARIA.

AN Eaﬂern Plant, very ﬁngular, and very beaus
tiful. The Root creeps under the Surface,
and has many tuberous Lumps, fome long, and
fomc round, but the long are preferred -, the round,
have by many been called Zerumbeth; though
the Zerumbeth is properly another Root to be
defcribed in its Place. The Leaves of the Zedoary
Plant are large, Very broad, and not vaf’tly long;
they {land in Cluﬁers, incircling one another at
the Bafes: The Flowers {land on feparate Stalks,
thefe are only eight or ten Inches high; They
are ﬁnal], of an irregular Shape, and purplifh.
The Root is the only Part ufed; our Druggills
keep it dry; it is a warm Cordial, and ﬁoma~
chic Medicine; it ﬁrengthens the Stomach, all
ﬁl‘ts Digeflion, and expels Wind. It is good alfo
in all nervous Complaints, fuch as Lownefs of
Spirits, F aintings, Tremblings of the Limbs,
and Reﬁlefsnefs. AnOunce of Zedoary ﬂiced
thin, and put into a Qiart of Wine, makes an
excellent Tinéture for thefe Purpofes, and is very
good taken in the Qiantity of a fmall Glafs, on

going

 

396 77» Ufeful Family Herhzl.

i
going into a damp, or what is fufpeéted to be a i
tainted Air. 1
The ZERUMBETH PLANT. ‘
Z E R U M B E T H A.

THE Zerumbeth Plant, in fome refpeé‘ts re-
fembles that which aifords the Zedoary, but
it is larger. It is a Native of the Eczﬂ, and has
not been yet got into our Gardens. The Leaves
grow together in fuch' a Manner as to form a
Kind of Stalk; this is {ix Feet high or more, but
it is only formed of their lower Harts, wrapped
round one another, in the Manner of the Leaves
of Our Flags. The loofe Part of each Leaf is
long, narrow, and oi‘a bluifh Green. The F low—
ers ltand upon feparate Stalks, thefe rife about a
Foot high, and are of a brownifh Colour: They
have only a Sort of Films upon them in the Place
of Leaves. The Flowers ﬁand in a ﬂlort and
thick Spike, at the Tops of thefe, they are oblong,
hollow, moderately large, and of a beautiful Scar-
let. The Root is long and irregular.

The Root is ufed, our Drug‘gil’ts keep it -, it is
warm and good in all nervous Cafes. Its Virtues
are very nearly the fame with thofe of Zedoary;
and in general the round Roots of Zedoary are fold
under its Name, though in Reality it be a much

longer as well as larger Root, than the Zedoary
itfelf. ‘-

APPEN-

KWT’T 5,“, a , - [7' i

[ 397 J
WWWHK .
7 VEBKQWMB 1 , 1" (gm
§$®mmmt§m§ arr“ £23

APPENDIX;

Concerning the VIRTUES of PLAN TS,
which have not yet been_tried. 4

  
 

 

A?“

  
 

‘ 72», as the Intent of this Work is truly to
M be of Ufe to Mankind, the Author,
V @ who is deﬁrous of making that Utility

‘ 3 as extenﬁve as poﬂible, cannot clofe
, it without obferving, that notwith-
ftanding the great deal that is known of the Vir-
tues ofEng/z'ﬂi Plants, there is certainly a great
deal more unknown 3 and there is Room for great
Difcoveries.

The Plants mentioned in this Work are only
four or ﬁve hundred, and not all thefe of Eng/{ﬂu
Growth: If they were, they would yet be but a
very fmall Number in Proportion to the whole:
The Catalogue of thofe native of our own Coun-
try, as publilhed by Mr. Ray, amounting to many
thoufands: Great Numbers therefore remain yet
untried.

To what Purpofe can a Man devote the Hours
of his Leifure better, than to the difcovering a-
mong thecNumber of the unregarded Virtues
which may farther fupply the Catalogue of our
own Remedies, and make the Roots and Seeds
brought from remote Countries, leﬁ‘. neceﬂ‘ary.
_VVhat

 

398 APPENDIX.
What Encouragement to the Attempt, that there
are fuch Multitude of Objects for the Tryal; and
that the difcovering but one Remedy .among‘
them all, for a Difeafe we knew not how fo well
to cure before, is a Source of more true Ho-
nour, than can be derived from all the ufelefs
Knowledge in the World.

If any fuppofe the Tryal dangerous, they mif-
lead themfelves, and to encourage fo laudable an
Undertaking, I {hall obferve how little is the
Hazard, and how conﬁderable the Advantages,
from what we know already.

If a Man were to be turned loofe upon an
Iﬂand where no Perfon had fet Foot before, he
might dread to taﬁe of any Plant he faw, be-
caufe he might not know, but every one he faw
was fatal : And fuppoﬁng him to have got over
this Fear, the Ignorance of the Virtues of all
would keep him backward : But this is not at all
the Cafe with him, who {hall at this Time fer a—
bout inquiring into the Virtues of Plants in Eng-
land. The poifonous Plants, native of our Soil,
are hardly a dozen, and thefe are charaétered even
to the Eye, by fomething ﬁngular or difmal in
the Afpeét. They are well known; and he has
nothing to do, but to avoid them. For the rel’c,
he has fo many, whofe Ufes and Qualities are
already perfeétly known, that he has a great F oun-
dation to go upon in the Search, becaufe he can
compare thofe he does not know with them.
Their Tai’tes will go a great Way toward inform-
ing him; but this is not all, their very outward
Figures will direét him: For in general thofe Plants
which agree in the external Afpet‘t, agree likewife
in their Virtues.

To give an Inflance in the Marfhrnallow.
It is known to work by Urine, and to be good a-

. gainﬂ:

APPENDIX. 399

gainl’c the Gravel. We will fuppofe no more
known concerning this Kind. A Perfon delirous
of extending this ufeful Knowlege, ﬁnds that by.
the T aﬂe of the Root, which is inﬁpid, and its
mucilaginous Qiality, he might have guelTed
this to be its Virtue, from what be before knew-
of Medicine. The next Plant he meets, we will
fuppofe is the common Mallow, and afterwards
the little white ﬂowered Mallow, which lies upon
the Ground, he tal’tes the Roots of thefe, and
he ﬁnds they are like the other: He will therefore
guefs, that they have the fame Virtues, and upon
Tryal, he will ﬁnd it is f0.

But this is not all: If he had examined the
Flower of the Marlhmallow, in what Manner it
was conftruéted, and how the little Threads grew-
within it, he would have found that the Flowers
of thefe other two Mallows, were in all refpeéts,
like thofe of the other; and farther, he would
have found, that the Seeds of thefe two Kinds,
were in the fame Manner difpofed in circular Bo—
dies: From this he might, without rafting their
Roots, have been led to guefs that their Virtues
v were the fame; or having gueﬂed fo much from
this, he might havebeen thence led to tafte them,
and by that have been conﬁrmed in it: But he
might be carried farther; he would ﬁnd the fame
Sort of round Clui’ters of Seeds in the Holly oak
in his Garden ; and upon examining the ﬁnglc
Flowers, he would fee they were alfo like: And
hence he would difcover that it was of this Kind;
and he would rightly judge, that the Holly,
oak, alfo poifelfed the fame Virtues.

This is a Method by which many of the Plants
mentioned in this Book, have been found to have
Virtues, which others neglefted -, for there are
many named in the preceding Pages, and named

4 ‘ with

400 APPENDIX.

with great Praife, of which others have made lit.—
tle Account : Thefe are the Means by thiCh the.
ﬁrﬁ Gileﬁes have been made about their Virtues ;
and Experiments have always conﬁrmed them.
It has not always happened, that the Virtues of a
Plant thus tried, have been in a Degree worth
fetting in a Light of Confequence: They have
been fometimes ﬂight, and the Plant has been dif-
regarded; but they have fcarce ever milled to be
found of the fame Nature.

Thefe Experiments, Ihave always thought Ho-
neﬁy required of me to make upon myfelf, and
I never found Harm from the Tryals. I had no
Right to bring into the leai’t poﬂible Danger the
Health of others 5 as to my own there was no Pro-
bability of Harm; but if it had happened, the
Intent would have fanétiﬁed the Accident, and
I fhould have been contented. .

There is this great Ufe in examining other Plants
‘ which have the fame Sort of Flowers and Fruits
with ~thofe, which we know to have Virtues, that
we may in this Way dilbover Plants at Home, to
fupply the Place of thofe we have from other
Countries. It is certain the Sun in warmer Cli—
mates does ripen the Juices of Vegetables farther
than in ours, but yet we ﬁnd the Plants of the
fame Kind from whatever Part of the \Vorld they
come, to poﬁ‘efs nearly the fame Kind of Virtues;
generally indeed they are the fame, only dif’fering
in Degree. Thus all the Mallows of Spain and
Italy, to bring the Tryal to the before named
Inﬁance, poiTefs the fame Virtues with the Madh-
mallow, Mallow and Holyoak of Eaglmzd ;
and the Cafe is the fame with thofe which are
truly Mallows of the Eel/l and Weﬂ—ﬁzdz'es; though
this do not hold good with refpeét to fome of

the

 

a

 

APPENDIX. 4.01
the Plants of thofe Conntries, which have been
brought hither under that Name. 7

Thus alfo, that Root which was at one Time
about to be brought very much into Ufe, under
the Name of the Seneka Rattle—Snake Root,
but of which little Mention has been made here,
becaufe the Attention has not been turned upon
N‘ovelty but Ufe, being found to belong to a kind .
of Milkwort, or Polygala. The Roots of the
common Milkwort of our Pai’tures being tried,
have been found to poﬂ‘efs the fame Virtues, though
in a lefs Degree. This Plant would not have
been regarded, if the other had not been found to
be of the fame Kind, but to that we owe the
Knowlege of its Virtues.

There is this great Reafon for feeking in ourown‘
Climate, Plants of the fame Nature, and Form,
and Kind, with thofe which in other Countries
afford us Remedies; that they are generally of the
fame Kind, and may be ﬁtter for our Conﬁitu- ‘
tions. This is certain, that as the Sun ripens the
Juices of Plants in hotter Countries to more Vir-'
tue than with us, f0 it makes Mens Conﬁitutions
more able to bear their Effects. ,

The Cbineﬁ will {wallow fuch Dofes as are Poi-
fon to one of us.‘ This we know in many In-
ﬁances, and it ought to encourage us in the pre-
fent Refearch, becaufe if the fame Dofes which a-
gree with them, are too much for us; We may
alfo ﬁnd, that other Medicines of the fame kind
of Virtues, though in a leiTer Degree, may alfo
be found to agree better with our Conﬁitutions. '
I would not carry f0 far as fome have done, that
Opinion, of Nature’s having provided in every
Country the Remedies for the Difeafes of that
Country: God is the Author of Nature, and he
knowing there would be Commerce among Man-

‘ D d kind,

4.02 APPENDIX.

kind, knew that would not be neceﬁ'ary. But
notwithf’tanding that it may be neceiTary in fomc
Cafes, and convenient in many, for us to have
Drugs from abroad, yet in general, it will be
better for us to be cured by thofe Herbs we may
ﬁnd at home, and they will be found upon Trial
more fuﬂicient for that Purpofe, than we at pre—
fent imagine. The Means are at hand, but we
have made very little Ufe of them, proportioned
to their Number and their Value.

The Obfervation already made, that the exter-
nal Form of Plants, may very well give the Hint
for a Conjecture about their Virtues, is much
more general than might be imagined. Almoft
all the Plants of the fame Kinds are of the fame
Virtues. But that is not all : For in general, thofe
of the fame Clafs poﬂefs the fame Qualities;
though different in Degree: And this is a prodi-
gious Help to him, who fhall fet out upon the
generous and ufeful Plan of adding to the Number
of the ufeful Plants. It is alfo ﬁngular, that what
might appear Objections in this Cafe, being
brought to the Trial, will often be found Con-
ﬁrmations of the Truth there is in the Obferva~
tion.

Thus fuppofe a Man, obferving that Lettuce is
eatable, fhould inquire into all the Plants like
' Lettuce, which are thofe that have Flowers com—
pofed of many Parts, and have the Seeds winged
with a white dOWny Matter, to ﬁnd whether they
were eat'able; let us examine, how he would fuc-
ceed. The Plants of this Clafs native of England,
are the Sowthii’cle, the Hawkweeds, the Dandeli-
ons, Goats—beards, Succory, and Endive, all
Eatables. The Hawkweeds are lefs agreeable
in the Tafte, but wholefome, and as to the
wild Lettuces, thofe who would bring the Opiate

4. Qlality

APPENDIX 4%2

@ality of the Principal of them as an Objection,
ﬁrengthen the Obfervation; for the Garden Let-
tuce alfo has an Opiate Quality. This wild one
polTelTes it in a greater Degree, but Ptill in fuch
Degree, that it is an excellent Medicine, not at all
dangerous. Its bitter Tal‘te would prevent Peo-
ples eating it, for it is difagreeable; but its Virtues
are the fame with thofe of Lettuce, only greater.
There are fome Kinds of Hawkweed alfo, which‘
have a bitter milky Juice, altogether like to that
of this Lettuce; and they alfo have this Opiate
Qiality. I have tried many of them, but as they
are none of them equal to the great wild Lettuce
in this Refpeét, it would have been idle to have
fpent many Words about them.

This general Obfervation may be carried a great
deal farther; but it were the Bulinefs of a Volume,
not of a fhort Appendix, to explain it at large. In
general, the Seeds of umbelliferous Plants, that
is, thofe which have little Flowers in rounded
Cluﬂ'ers, each fucceeded by two Seeds, are good a-
gainft C holics ; thofe of Carraway, Anife, Cummin,
Coriander, and all of that Kind, are produced by
Plants of this Figure. In the fame Manner the
verticil‘late Plants as they are called, that is, thofe
which have the Flowers furrounding the Stalks, as
in Mint, and Thyme, are of a warm Nature; and
however they differ in Degree and Circumf’tance,
they have the fame general Virtues. Farther, fuch
Plants as are inlipid to the Tal’te and Smell, have
generally little Virtues; and on the contrary, thofe
which have the moﬁ'fragrant Smell ; and fharpeﬁ
Taf’te, have the greateﬂ: Virtues of whatever
Kind.

In general alfo, thofe Plants which have a ﬁrong
but an agreeable Taﬁe, are mol’t worthy to be
examined with refpeét to their Virtues; for they

are

-.’ x ‘. ~'{' ‘2'

4.04: ‘ APPENDIX.

are generally the mof’c valuable ; and on the con:
trary, when a very ﬁrong Taﬁe is alfo a very
difagreeable one; or in the fame Manner, when the
ﬂrong Smell of a Plant has alfo fomething heavy,
difagreeable, and overpowering in it; there is Mif—
chief in the Herb, rather than any ufeful Qlality.
The poifonous Plants of this Country are very
few, but they are for the moi’t Part charaéteris’d
after this Manner : So that they are known as it
were at Sight, or by the ﬁrﬂ Offer of a Trial.
Thus we fee how very little can be the Danger
of inquiring farther into the Virtues of our own
Plants, by Experiments; and how ufeful fuch an
Inquiry may be to Mankind is fufﬁciently prov~
edby the Matter of the preceeding Volume.
What I have here written, is with Intent to en-
courage fome who have Opportunities to make
the Trial; and for my own Part, I {hall not be
wanting. What I have already difcovered in this
Way, I am pleafed to fee makes no inconﬁderable
Addition to the prefent Publication; what I fhall
difcover farther, or learn from the Experience of
others, {hall have its Place in the fucceeding Edi-

tions. _
£-

FINIS.‘

‘,N. i‘.‘

”‘Tw‘www r. ,

 

Avensyrﬁerb B enne t

      

n ). :d“‘"w , \

I“: kl d

l ‘ ﬁrm V :x‘
n leni‘

‘H ,
\‘ I‘

.39 W n “,

,9
I:

~

« ... ‘.

o a.

9 .

{VI/.37
”ﬁg.

\‘i/ ’

 

   

 

< _-—- cy/ﬁﬁiyd 10—14%: ,

 

 

y;

1

5

 

 

Feverfew .,

 

  

WM?

ﬂy’i

‘1

 

Mountain .

Mill

 

 

  

1341 «#3,

< «W

 

Hemp Agrimony.

 

 

 

 

 

f «k

(1 x
(p N

\

’ ,
.‘I I;
u

I

Q ,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

      

Common Orpine.

. :t ‘ ,. . ‘ _
_ ..‘w I. . .. f. ‘ V M,\
. ... L 4. ‘ . < u \ . ,x, \\
,T a V w . T A , \
4 ~ . .2. .M

 

.

,.\

  

 

‘-

, 1- - _
NW‘N-u ,

":37; Y?" :x. ‘v

 

 

. Rosa Solis ' Rue

I

Q “1 a i : \ ‘ r‘
> ‘1 \b %\ ﬂier,

 

   
 
 

1

eeclwell

 

 

 

 

{AM {m I ’
» \\:M" ﬁll-II",
.vw ‘lv.

Swines Crefses
%

 

 

 

 

Mrsh Tgefoil

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

. _. , - 1 ‘ xmum»mmmwumumnu

" CUBHCILHJLT?

*- a

 

many“.ﬁ»%ﬁ,u...3

1i¥rlxliylti jut. ,. ,_ . I 5 «ﬂ!
. .5»? «I! i413r.

.1 _..