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MARIANO GUADALUPE VALLEJS; DEFENDER "of the NORTHERN FRONTIER OF CALIFORNIA ) > eed y 2 by Marien Lydia Lothrop 1A A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Phildsophy at the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 2 ie ina Ll / , 4% wenn pu Gelvmy Joeusy 0% A - arran Seiilit ATHEOULIAD 50 91 8d To oi tril da eracey LEAT y 3) | rudd of WGA NR » 5 Ro 5.0 y Hh et TERN J Chapter 1 Chapter 11 Chapter 1I1 Caspter 1V Chapter V Bibliography Introduction ~The Founding of Sonoma Yisslon Problems Indlan Carpeigns " : Conmander~in-chief of the Military Forces of the "Tree State of Alta California” £22340 Fuge 1 Page 6 Page 48 Page 112 Page 161 Page 242 It ie fitting thet the Busoroft colleetion of masuseripts om the history of California should be used im writing of General Vallejo's eiploits besause the collection of a large portion of this material was ‘one of the interssts of his later years: “ot only 41d he contribute his own valgable peopers aud write his interesting mun irs, salled a history of Califominm, as, indued they sre, but ho used his Jmowledge of his fellow Cellornisns snd hls Influence over thes to persuade them to supply many of thenresalning decumests aad auteblographies covering the pericd when Jalifornia belonged to Jexlice and the time of its transfor to the United States. Not only does the Bancroft Library have « veluable ovlliection, but it has practicelly the only ons. hore are a Tow docwnanis lun the Jexigsn ‘Archives relating te Vallejo, as 1s natural, but they are for the most pert duplicseted hers. With tials wealth so mear at head it ls strane that this interesting period has not had move devotoss, It is not possible for me to sokmowledze - debt to the meme ters of zy committes and all those connected with the Smsoreft _idrary, but especially | can aot sufriebently express uy crstitude to Dr. Solten for his timely encouragement and friendly criticism and the gulding hend that drew the curtaia which hid & world of laterestlag things. Ber ne 0 gt LSet RIE Si fl Sha NR INTRODUCTION Hariane Guadalupe Vallejo's life foll withid the period during which the fate or fortune of Californie was being decided. Boxn under the flag of Spain, the most setive pars of his public career cane under the dominance of Jexico, ot nie Laver lige was passed contentedly and usefully under the gov orinsit oe the United States. Of these the Jexican period le infrequently or superficial ly treated in the majority of histories, though it wes a period of importance to the future of the United States. Undoubtedly “"meni- fest destiny” would ultimately hsve exerted itself, but even the brief control of the western ses-goast by Russie, Gngland, or France, none of whom sre without suspicion of having desired California, would have made a difference in its history, especially if the gold discovery had come during their osccupation. On the other hand, had the United States chosen its agents rwre cerefully and avoided the lmpetucality of Song dore Jones end Lisutenant Peéwont, even the small amount of difficulty and conflict that wes experienced might have been evolded. if anyone during this period ad a right to use Aconeas' words , 1 was General Vallejo. Though he gpent the sroste pert of this time on the northemn frontier in precticel independence of the control of either Jexies or the lalifornia government during the period of its virtusl separation from Jexice, he nevertheless exerted & powerful influence on the rest of the province, so much so that at the time of the revolt from Yexico one faction used his neme without his cone sent 88 a necoseary expedient in securing adherents, while the othor face tion offered him the chief civil as well av military position in the state. Personally unpopular at times because of his strict adherenc: to military dleeipline, wil consldersd haughty end douineoring, Bo PAE = 2 ly lacked the confidence of his fellow countrymen, and it wes his arrest by the Seer Flag purty thet destroyed the renchers’ confidence in the United States. Intensely loyal to California, he was sble to transfer his ale legiance consistently te her various owmers; he was able to participate in the revolt against ‘euico when he felt that her neglect wes ruining his native province, and even, when it seemed to him for the best inter- ests of his native land, to consider deliberately handing it over to the United States in order to secure a stable government end the normal ade vantages of politieal security. Vellejo's principal ¥ole was that of dofendor ef the northern frontier. His edministratlon of the frontexe del norte had various phases. First, there was the colonization end development of & frome tier post in a country where the Indians, though mot on & par with the northorn and eastorn tribes, were still of a more warlike character then those usually encountered in Callforals, in a region, alse, to which foreign rowers were alrecdy reaching greedy or seemingly grosly handsg second, the saintenance of sufficient troops to protect the novthern frontier in a country whose trossury was empty and whose population wes sean. This he did for nine years or more by keeping = garrison at Sonora ot his own expense with sone assistance et first from the natione al ranch. Turing the whole of his career he wes continually esking for ron and money, pointing out the need of effective troops to quell the indian disorders, showing the menace of Russie, Great Nritain, and the United States, though he cane to look on the last named Fathor 8s & ree fage, There was the problem of secularization of the missions of Sen fiafeel and Jan Francisco Solano and later of administering the property of the Indians. The latter phase required much the sane solution as % Ag chiof military officer Vellejo wns also chief police effic such he "gntertained” most of the political prisoners of the | well as belng in charpe of the punishment of the more geming Though Thomes Os Larkin, the mited States oc wes a personal and business friend of the Uenernl's, his 3 United States government was intended to be an lmpartisl statouen 1 3 factss This is his estimate of 2 Ga Vallejo: "se.lle] to a en large property, married, very studious for eo ia of ruech | in 1887 he] resisted Castro end Alveredo in expelling the & from thet time [he] hes greduslly retired from sctive military 1 i though he hes nlways some command st his place of residence; he] : been formel, stiff, pompous and exseting towards his countiymen signers of the lower or middle class. Vithin e yesr Lhe] hes vecoe pleasent and condozueniing, anxious fur popularity and the good-w othors., In Sonoma [he] has lmense tracts of land, herds of catile a horses end oxtensive houses. He] is hospitable w those who are | : : recommended to him ostentatious, and for a Ualifornien, a close Tig ver of every Lmportant event. 48 a privete person {ne] has vat little regard for ‘exlco; es an officer, move. He] is confident thot Ui 4 will not sssist or protect California snd thet his Gountrymen have not the capecities. [(‘e)has given much work s:d employment to the lsboring Americen Umigrants, always spesking in their favor. [He]has no wish for government pay (it owes him twenty or thirty thousend dollars). [Hg] speaks Bnglish indifferently. [He] would always prefer yank, perhaps office, after affairs are well orgenized. [fle] hes much influence over all the country and has his part of Celifornia the most free from robbery and insubordination, with more safety of life and property than any other town in California.” This touches the main points of Vallsje's character and his value to his own or a foreign nation; his wealth, his influence, his ten= deney to orpenige, end hia love of order; Ris abllity to analyse “exlco and his fellow-counirymen, but the self-control to observe carefully the etiquette deranded by his position in spite of his conclusions; his friendliness to the United Dtates; his hospitality, though his respect for his own position was often misinterpreted as haughtiness. This manifested itself also to those he considered his inferiors in glving them what he considered suitable to thelr condition, employrent. And finelly, hie interest in study as far es he wes oble to indulge it. i am unsblo to explain the ohéage in his cherscter, which was noted by others than Levin, except that 1% followed a period of great discourage- mont in which he apparently mede up his mind that it wes ilmpossible to maintain Cellifornia either ns & part of lJexico or independent, and deter mined to assist the pesoceful ty-nsfor to the United States as the coun try best able to develop the province in a satisfactory way. This na- turally relieved him of a great burden of worrys : Pevis, after giving a rather similar ploture of him as '"a scholar and & gentleman™' emphasizes s different phese of his sharaster: 43 mils doeeme alivad wed wusdve age oi Abldv wi Soe G8 d weddio stuwobiiet might Sutons a seisas of basin 6 his fondness for fino horses = that he was an excellent horseusn wes a foregone conclusion me Gplifornian of his day = and his exporte ness with the lesso, in goleando el Soro and other cowboy hy fis pense of humor ss displayed in his momolye makesthom delightful reading, and I am told the family still preserves nany tales of his wits 1. Tavis, ¥illiem Neath, Sixty Years in Californis, pps 109 = 11l. Sedesndo el boxe was riding up to ocattle at tor speed, seising an enimel by the tail with a result similar to “snap the whip”. Valle- Jo himself meatlions only that his Re Salvedor was export at these tricks. is, CHAPZER 11. THE POUNDING OF SOUQLLe Until the very end of the Spenish period Jen Prencisco bay remained the northern frontier of the Califomnies, an effective one se vhile settlerent was confined practically to the coast. This does not meen that the region to the North and Sast was unknown. Fages, Anse, and José Joaquin Morags had sll been as fer as the Sen Joaquin River or beyond, snd explorations into this region continued intermittently. Gabriel Jorage's expedition (in 1809) which explored the lower "esther end Sacramento Givers and the resin of the leryeville buttes came closer to the region of Vellejo's ectivities, but on his expedition of the year after ho established his peputation as en Indian fighter in the very dis- triet, for he crossed Caerquinez Straits and had & battle with the indians thers, in which 1% is possible that Chief Solano was one of the dibivate Two years later {1811} José Sfnches explored the bays as fer as, end 8 little way up, the Jan Jomguin. Father Abella's diary of the expedi- tion has a minute description of the topography and their visit te the country of the Sainte The situation was changed by the coming of the Sata. a foreign nation across the Say was a much more serious ronade than any 1. Vallejo, is Gey Liatfzie do California, 1, 181 ~ 106 describes a battle in 1817 at this place whore José Sfnchos wes the commander. Averado, Jo Be, Listdxin de Colifornis i, b9, f/. also puts the date as 1017 but saies Joregs the comsnders To says thet Sem=Yotoy (Francisco Solano by his baptismal name) was captured at this tines Cas Avelle, Fethor, Blazio do u Ze In 1812. 7 number of Indians. ‘oraga wes sent st once to inspect and secmed fa vorebly impressed. Te nade snother visit the next year, taking cattle and horses oe a gifts Uy the year after the vicercy's decision that the Tusslens' presence was @ viclation of the treaty botween Spsin end Russias had been received and orega was sent on a third visit. Thore followed & period of officially unfriendly but secretly hawsonlus rola= tions, duriag which the intervening country was crossed meny times. rmericen traders did not fall to encourage the Californiens in thelr foars of Nusslen ageression lest friendly relations between the two ine Jure their own ay Rafael, the first settlement nerth of the Bay, wes founded in 1817, i whether; as the Hussians say, to strengthen Jpyin'e clelm to the region a or, es Forafndos seys, for greater convenience in trading with them or, as the reports would seem to show, for the better health of the San 4 Prenciseo neophytes. 1% wee at flret only sn gglateuclie of the Sun Preneisoo mission, tut showed » steady incresse from the start. A proof that the country was better Jmown them the secounts would lead one to suppose is the feet thet Father President Payeras’ report of a trip to the region 3h Jos AE later rnowns a a TR Rtg, rafter used many of the names by which the spots were 1. Zoncroft, H. He, History of Selifosuis, 11, 294 ~ 520. 2s 1bid., Mgpu - 320; Chapan, Ce Be, HJ 3s Teméndes, Josb, Lomas fe Jslifornis, p. 96. pls 11, 2l.- = By Payeres, ‘ather, lg 8 L few years Saves wsazeed luis Argflello’s famous "expedition to the Uelumbia”, which, however questionable its success as an exsodi- tion to the Columbia or ae o detervent to Un lish and Americen advance, served excellently to explore the country north from Carquines Straits anlly os 10 Feburm S¥ipy tho GOSH Tesive 1% was next proposed to transfer the Sen Frencisce mission te & moye healthful, fortile leeslity snd one nearer the heathen ry The Diputegif, voted in favor of the ehange and the aoustey. of the Peta- lunes om-the Contoaimos (Cainsrorosi wes onen. This reglon lay botween the two main soubon of previsus exploration, se so in June en expedition | was sent out under the commend of José Sénohez, which explored the Fete- | lume, Sonore, Napa, and Julsun valleys rather thoroughly. The Sonous . valley was chosen for its superior sdventeges in water, climate, and logation. Accordingly formal possession wag takem on July 4th with the raising of & ovoss and sppropriate ceremonies, and the place wes nemed Yow Den Francisco. Two days later the party returned. Fore mission to transfer both the Delores and the Jen Hafeel missions to the new location ves requested of the prefect, Pether Senan, but srgtiello was impatient of delay end ordered Father Altimize to start at once without waiting for the prefect's consent. lie went, therefore, to Jan Rafael with 'leutersnt Martines and took over the mission by in- le in 21. Ze DPancroft, H. We. Jlgtory of Califomln,ll, 448 - 449; Chapman, C. Is, History of Oalifornis. pps 450 = 436. 3. In 1822, 4s Apwil ©, 1023, Sov# bea nomdIusl dngeodendl diiw lasted sad CE to days Later he sot to work at once on val ldingss 7 : i: Father Selim, meanwhile, bad written bo Fethor sing bis strong digpyroval of Shundoning 9a susosssfa) a Sen Refecd and, though mot altogether unfsvorsble to tho of Sen Freneisco, wes highly displessed af the memmer in whieh it carsiod outs ~ Pather Sarrfs at ones wrote to Father Altinmirs » permission to nmke the chengds Stopped in his work, Father Alt: wISlS snglly Se Aumese of the delays put in his way out of spl Srv, sil Jitaye. A Sov dupe Saver Peter Serrfs alse wrote septiollo explaining his ressons for Fefusing permission, Suphosise ing vainly the irregularity of procedure aod recommending se 6 Lane porary messure the eontinuance of the new mission, bub leaving Sen Refael as before, granting ite neophytes pesmission te transfer to the now mission if ‘hay desired, but mot forelng thes to do so, the Ye dote wes August 26, 1620. ( Sen Hadas wna and to hive 1952 noohyten and to have sown o large orop of shoot, corn, heons, 60. AGlve Axzptisoede ,V, pedi, av, Pte ii, 5° ~ 68, Hittlrs to Aritiello, suse i, 10857 ingluding se & gwmary of ihe history of Lio new EL fer and the new stebLignnent and that wes sutticient, wrote willing to put a mayordomeo in charge et donome If the srofoot i : ling to authorise Father Altimirve to cave for the ladisns' spteit al needs, as his sain intersst wes to souure tho development of thet seem ‘tion of the country, so long neglected by the ay Ver, oN before the date of this letter Father Sarrfs had given Father Albiniz permission to serve at the new mission and his recommendations were "oe stantially followed, 3am Safsel profiting by becoming an independent “ Elonie But Father Altimira's troubles were not over. Je ¢ to be on unfriendly torme with the nelghboring missions and misslon= aries vho, he complained, did mot furnish him the aid new missions ned Been socustomed to reoelve sad 41d mot infor the neophytes of thelr privilege of going to the new mission, with the result that he had fow Workers, aepueially skilled le leborers who could serve as teachers, and what fow he had were lnelined te abuse their privilege by moving wbout from mission to mission. Father Burda ond Father Servis weve the sine elpal offenders in his eyes, the former preventing his ludluns from ps IV, pts 11, 66 = 88, Jarrle te Argtiello, Sone. 6, 1823; 14. , Sort. 12, pps 69 ~ 70. I, 42 = 46, Sept. 17, 16:5, Argtielle to man, oma, mmm | ww» ia. 1, pte 1 126 = 120, n mira himgolf : advis pe Solano there wes a chapel, a gronary, & house for the priest, amd soven agocounts of runsweys and dissatisfaction with the priests | +m howd 4, 1024 tho Ghureh wea dedicated to den Ems, Solenc, thus hus evolding some of the confusion that hed A sireiy artaon from designating the two settlements Hew mud 01d Sen Frenoiseo. ph RT thls time the mission hed sixty-nine catedhusons and some five i seopiiytes from the old missions, with a fair amount of stock and . \ pro= niging crop, & young ovchard and vineyerd, walnut trees, and we oven leved Castilllen roses, Already relations with the fussions at | Hoss were very friendly; they sent gifts for the new church, but there were ne white men outeide tho a at the miselon, a csuse for rojoio= ing to Pather Abii Some time during the yea the mission rench of Sante Sulalia. was estsblished st Suieun in gharge of en Indien aleelde.) A house v was baile there for the friar's cecasional visite. It San Preneisn for ihe gareioon, (ne Large house, complete, except for the roof, 1 hod been desiiovel by the seins, but this wes rebuilt and used as 8 J. loon FOO. in a Father ¥ Fowtuni replaced Father Altinive, and ae though his peaceful disposition led to more friendly relations with iV, phe il, 60 = 70, and G6, several letters fron dope 3 - ota 8, 1633, Le) dx nw Ey wvnd : i hip neighbors the ~ission did little more then hold its own. Grea s = ~ between Zan Selane snd Bodega. There wus en expedition to the pauche- ila of the Fullantuliyemi, thought by Bancroft te be the same as the i wi du. 3 2 Libanti) in the peglon of Banta loss, to investigate the activie ties of & ¥Yares Jmiht, but the Huileamtuliyemi 1-disns seer alse to have # been causing trouble by thelr warlike charscter snd their hablt of hare 3 boring fugitive neophytes. ‘An expedition under Alffrez Santiago Argd- ello went for & stay of not nore than two weoks. lothing is known of vhat was sccotplished by these explorations. A few years later the “exican government ordered Governor licheendfa to found a fort at Sua Rafael or between it and the Russian settlonents for the purpose of discouraging Russlen IOI. scheandfe re lied that he had no funds with which te build the fort, but ‘hat he would try to provide 6 querters for a military guard at Son Rufeel. Hg, therefore, ordered Porupido Pacheco to go to lgpalillos, in the vicinity of the missions, Le Benoroft, WH. He, Histesy of Salifornis, II, 606 = 506s i, 60; 9.%, 17; XIIX, 2; (4s) Jung 6, 1827, Secretary of Ver snd arine to the Comandante (eneral of Californie in Sak: De deversl expeditions took pluce this PS Dis years The governor, Luls ArgHicllo, planned one to explore the country sid 40d Srlef Sons 86 Bo1Y 08 36% siimesSiden Sat@uid ods has $1 Kowwod 8) leaded rad ¥ Slisntak * iniatese unten yelpssiosath ORORONONS oF oles aaloua bray etilim 18 to selset & suliteble place, bub nothing wore seems to have been done theush this wes profibly the ocenslon on whieh the Nussisn wheat field, se 10s was montionet to Vellejo on his visite vas “reclaleed by the painless of Se BARA During all this period Sen Pyancisee wus the most northerly of the presidios and therefore directed such militewy protection as the two niscions bopond the Say enjoyed ever snd sbove that given by their guerdo, Lieutensnt Yartines snd Senbiago Avgtiello end even luls Arglollo hinslef wore connocted with tue Sen Prencieco compuny. £ : Vedlajo Tosmso associated vith it C100 00 140 cledren in 10EY c1ehogh he rained with to y | pony wntil IT uring this peried he received training in politics, indlen fighting, and exverience in comsending men thet afterwuzds proved valuables In the campeign sgalnst Sstanisleo, after Joining the Jan Frenoiseo vontingent under J8nches, in su certain sense Vellejo assuned Ris position in the Sen Trencisce Company. Hovever, on his return he acted Yor ¢ time as commmndent ob “enterey und in this position wes cap~ tured and sent south by the Solfs revolt, golng to Jan Fracciseo shorte iy after his return. At this time his sttontlon seme to have tumed Father to so- litics ae offering wove advancement then & military cereers He was | elected guingo yeged to the Liumtesldn, sid in that cepeoity was engsped | in the quarrel with oy Ab shig time also hie cag under the ine fluences of Yadrés. Pith the nows of the revolt in the Jouth game a de- Connciuental Jecords, Vi, 196. 2« July 30, 108%. Vallejo, Ye Os, Duciucchs (& in 1851. ss puis “ ih B 908 i4 mond that he urge s similar resistence bo Govemuor Vietorie in the Sorthe Accordingly he culled a meeting of the Liputseidn, wut wes unsuccessful because the other mowbers, for the most part older them he, were more | conservative and sew their daty to the state to be merely upholding the laws of the country. DPlscoureged, he wes on his way beck to Sen Pren- cisco when he met Victoria at Santa Clara. The Letter ealled him to | him and gave him his decrees banishing Pedrde, José Autenic Carville, \ ant Juan Bendini to reads Ye also inguired into the cause of his easer~ ness to hold a meeting of the Jiputegidn, and advised him not to meddle with the tressonable politics of Lis friend Pedrés, offering him & cap taincy and the position of secretary to the Somundgute Sengral if he o= beyeds Vallejo indignantly refused snd left for San Francisco with Vieborie's weraing te him to be cadeful, for he had his eye on hime In Sen Francisco he went straight to redrds, whom he found writing propa= | pond to Yexico sgainst Vietorias He was by no neens dismayed at the news of banishment because he was expecting Senta Ana's uprising agelnst Bugstemente, and promised to return to Califernie move powerful then ever, especially against tho stevionsrion This was but preliminary to the events lending to the expul- sion of Viotorie himself. The Linutegifn wee responsible for & mumber of complaints and eppesls to the supreme govermme:t in which Vallejo had his atte He took little part in the actual "war" ageinst Vic- toria, but did go Uouth in lecenber to stiend the meeting of the Jl- ii, 142 = 146. Vallejo, Ls Gey logunoukoms 1, 297 - 242 ere documents dealing in general with Vallejo in his volatlons with Padrds. 2. Vallejo, ¥ G., Zocuuentos osname tl wag Bos at | 3 pula ot “bans 00 Latha sack fun MEST ws 16 putegidn onlled by TT hy Very flattering indeed was the luvite- tion reguesting his mdviee on politiscel and military organisations it ie interesting to note thet in spite of his precccupation Vallejo did not entirely forget nis troop, but out of his political ac- tivities he managed to secure them sn allotment of two hundred pesos siileh must have materialised, for shout a month later 3fnches vee order od to distribute & quantity of clothing snd a sum of money among the officers and ly 4% the meoting Vallejo and Argliello were appoinied to drew up the ¢horces against Victorians These were completed and presented to the Diputacifn for hn in the olootion of & temporary chief Vallejo favored Plo Ploe, the senlor yggal, In agecrdance with a succes~ sion established by e lav of 1822, = course which did not meet with the approval of Lcheandfs who wished the post himself. lowover, the osth wes administered to Pleo, not as Jefe provisional, but ae Jefe pelftice | 4 i iatexing, » change Hchesndfa, secure by election of the presidios of the position of guuandar failed to publish. Still, when | samprent carried the North with him, the Digubagidn #8 & bedy upheld kchoandfs snd the plan of Sen Diego; thus Vallejo, though officially jo «t Jan Prencisco, was on the opposite side from his soldiers. Under the comwromise that split northern from southern 8 Californias, the country wes fairly peaceful. ‘1. Vallejo, ¥. Ge, Doguiguigss I, 261, Dec. 27, 1631, Sehesndfa to Le Ge Vallejo. 2. ibid. 1, 244, 252. (Bs) Pabe 17, 1632, In Leglsdotive Necords & Ted, 27, 1032. 16 Governex FPicueress The Mexican govermnent sppointed Gene~ ral Figueros as Vietoria's successor in the spring of 1832, but for ves rious reasons he 41d not take offige until January 16, 1833, One of his first sets was to proclaim an mmesty for all political attains This was most acceptable to Vallejo and his associates, not only because it gave their ambition a change te develop in a legitimate end safer way, but becouse the tome of It met with their approval. Three of them, Valle= jo, Alvarado, and Antonlo Marfe Osio, went to lontevey and presented theme solves to Figueres to sffer their cooperation. TFiguercs sew the sdven- topes of thedr 1d in his tesk and with the tact for which ho wes lmwwn flattered thelr venity by lnguiring thelr opinion on the state of the country and the neophytes and finelly invited thes to dimmer. Vhatever the sincerity of their first offer of friendship, there was mo guestion of their loyal ddhevence by the time they took their leave. They were convinced of the new governor's genuine interest in the welfare of Alta California, and os sincere patriots were ready to support him even to the extent, in Vallejo's ease, of gpholding his couse against thet of his former friend Pednin, Plgusroa,i his turn , proved to be a good friend to Vallejo. Flgueron's instructions, like Scheandfe's beforehand, urged nrotection of the northern frontier sguinst the encroachment of fore @igners, end for that purpsse,s strong gerrison north of Sen Francisco Baye Tigverca chose Vellejo to be hie agent in ecarvying out these orders, thus starting him on the course which wes to prove his main 1. Bencroft, Ba Hay Hisks 111, 238 ~ 241. YValle- Jo, + Be, Locumentos = bs i? interest for the rest of his life. o's The first w § wes no more successful an, hosodta’s hed Boon wd pseu to Hav oon Msstans by Vallejo's report of the expected visit of the lussien Sitke, socording to rumor to arrenge a transfer of nigsionarics, but in his opinion to entourage progress at the two cdi in April Vallejo rocolved ovders to sesemble ll the woenbers of the presidie company wie wore working for private Individuals in the neighborhood ~ & commentary on military efficlency, though the leuve was only condi- tinnel on ihe government's not needing thelr assistance. With them he was to go te Sam lefeel and Jan Trenclsco “olsmo,vhere he wes to distribute to then the necessary provisions, sad arrange with the mis- slonaries to employ them in some useful cccupation until it wes time for “them to engage in thelr regular fyontler duties. Ho himself wes to make & osreful survey to find the most desizable pluce for a fortiffica= tion, but one thet would at the save time be convenient for settlers. For the latter purpose he wes to enlist & few fumilies whe would be willing to move across the Pay for the privilege of possessing proper- ty there with e Tat pile From a lottoy of the governor's to Ve~ ther Uutibrres at Sen Francisco Solanc, writien on the day after the above-mentioned erders, it is clear thnt the missionary alse hed been —— (3) “State Ba to Governor Flguevos, arch 351, 1833. (20 bide 11, 299, Figuewos to the Comandanke idite and the letter to i. Us. Vallejo, fprid 19, 1833. ge 11, 310, & 6. Vallejo at Sen Franciseo v iB sion. Psther Gutiérrez seems alse to have been heving difficulty wit government, Figueroa warns him, and forelgn squatters, wio hed no right at all to settle. Hoheandls hed spproved of both tyes of settlers and had called the missionaries’ attention to the fast thet the lew allowed the seitlernant of wncooupled Sone Governor Pigueros was fully aware thet the Iritish amd Americsns on the Columbia offered as serious, if act as ¢lose, » mensoe as the lussiens. In hls report to the Miniew ter of Yar and luring he pointed out in particular the danger from the indlens, enticed from thelr missions by ‘he foreigners’ liquor, svele ling the ranks of the horse thleves, the loss of the fur tvede, 2nd the inoresse of IR, The missionaries approved of the new fort, but thay wore proupt to sssure the governor thet the mission would not be able to provigion the new settlement, nor did they spprove his plan of having the neophytes work there, begause of the trouble that elways oceurwed when Indlang and soldiora ware associated, and beosuse the two missions were shorthanded on seoount of the large number of fugitives, a condi rn g 8 3 3 ? tion they hoped the projected fort would remedy. ak ake 3 ai, ; 5 EWA EIRY 3 E Al Agty 2 EF id gud | (IIE E o ii, 501, hppil ii, 183s, Plgueres to Fsther Cutlfrres. id, ps 204. For Zghesndfe's : policy, Tallojo, 2 Gey Higbople fg ik, 107. Soke Liporsa. Jiaaions pid Celenigetion, 11, 200 = 507, Vigueroa to the Hinister of Yer snd arine, April 2, 1840. $B{ Lids 11, 308, two lottors of Garefe Diego to Pisueros, Apwid 16, 1233, one i 4 sf fieinl and the other a private one more in deta fe In splte of their unwillingness “ wes esteblished, just where is mol certals Sep a Liver, Juirez on “ark West Creek, snd it is later referred to as neer River with the creek in the vieinity of the present Povestvilles Very little was aocouplished by the post sad it can have lasted mot such over a month, if as long, since the marching ovders were mot given uatil April 10th and Vallejo wes bask from his visit to fort toss by ay Bthe However, trostics mode with Penisl and the Celnsmero indians at this time, preved to be of the greatest value, since these ‘ndisns of the sbandeunenlt of the post ls not quite slear, peusheps the bad weather Vallejo mentlous in his vepowi, perhe ® the convistion, after \ 5 the visit to the Russian setilavents, that scnething move effective must be found to cheds thelr advance, or possibly the news of the impen- ding errivel of the Psdpfe en’ HfjJer colonists. | The post has bean ldentified vith tie tows of Juste Ane y Peoples, which, Vallajo says, wes abandoned begsuse of the fear of a revolt lnstigsted hy Hfjur wd Padrés. .Me says thet some of the Shake Zapaxa dl |15, 502, April 12, 1853. (2s Vallejo, Be Gey Dialonis § 11, 16 = 11, 106 ond page nizaklon, 11, 536 in & letter of Octs 3, 1055, Vellejo spesks of Petsluma a: the plage where & previous furt hed been marked outs la & letter of June 24, 1056, Figuerce (Lids, il, 406) speaks of a town Legum at HAE Tova, 463 gay wetey Se Wie gua, since Sante 8 at ail "1 the sine of the 20 oulontets het viaitel Sho pot ut refused to ebay Frum Lersor of te Antionse This would put the date of the set lement's Lrief oxis- {/ tence nearly two yeare later tisa the docwseats mentioned sbove show x to have beon the gost ; Uoloulets were not so common in the days be= fore the Anericens Game as to make it probable thes Vallejo should have confused these with other colonists irom the proviase itself. The sum Seats Jao 7 Texles igsests ad abiewt 40 rosonsile diplosacy in nandng Sonte Ace. with desire Lo honor their benefactor Vorfess The documents of 1005 relate merely 40 & milituwry post while Senta ine § Parles was a town, marked out by Lamoreno sod tue ground broken by Pigueiut, ascuvding to Vallee © it is possible thet an attempt wee \ mode te occupy the standened silitexy post since one eof the adver- ; tived purposes of tue colony wes for the protection of the frontier ) = sgalust the Musslon wonacee [fjar announced his ressen for going to Sen Selene Just before his arrest wes to deterring the peint where the golony wes to aokble, Bik this does not exclude the possibility of a previous sitempt that fulled from fear of the ludians.ss Veliejo states, and would give another explination for the delay in cewrying out the Petaldne. settlement, sliliowgh oud wes planned thens so Sadifommin, 111, 10. | we a 3 : % kg (5 Vallejo, is Gay 4 1. Vallejo, : wh +S Cag A i id E 2 a Tlguowos, —— pe 66 ae The visit to Fort Hams and Sodegs vas sale as & part of Whe 7esonnaleands uyGorod at the time of the starting of the militawy vest. The exguse for the trip wes the delivery of letters to the governor of Sitka and tho commandent of Fort # floss urging thelr aid in securing Russian reco: nition for Jexico. Valle- Jo's report wee enthusiastic on the subject of the location of the settle~ ments, the conveniences thoy had dbullt for lussien and foreign trade, the abundant water, thelr catile, thelr ereps, their orchard, and their wind and eater mills. Fort Ross wes visited first. Part of his exe rend was to discover the purposc of the Nussisn setileueunts im Califor- nia snd Alssis, but he was not entirely satisfied with the statement of the commandent,Pedro lostromitineff, that they had come for Sisiing, fur-gathering, and to seek a plece where they could raise grain, vegc=- tables, sud cettle for food for the more northern colonies, as well as to trade with the Californians. At Joss, besides the mllis above mon- toned, Vallejo foomd a ship-pard for the building of brigantines ound launches, a ton-yerd, & blacksmith's shop, some other shops sad warchouses, the fifty-nine houses o! the three hundred imhebitenta, end the fortress with ite twelve oendnse. The latter delighted the young soldier be eange of its complete ‘equipment, a8 41d also the fusslans' treatment No AA HTS BSE Raa of the Indlens, thoush he refused to take part In s punitive expedition sgalnot some thieves of the vheat erops The conduet of the individusl goldiers cave under his inspection and met with his approval, Fossi=- A bly he got the idea of his future flese EE ] with Selina from the + Vv a LR ely by the chief of the Time RENTS PW matt. IT AAAS! wh olostos ™ the Russians, 4 fouwa | mny , eusisives from Se atosd ens en, i sits rom, x a nd rit, a ia “1 ald 30 s0bE 08 don od sts | a8 A and other missions, at the time in a state of great alam, but determined to resist to ‘the end because Toriblo had informed them that soldlers wore being sent to kill them or take them bask priseners to “em Frecolseo. It was with the groatest Ai0fi0ulty that Vellejo wes able to pw thom even to telk with him, & condition that he weg gulok to charge to the oruclty and injustieo of tho trestrent they had Pooelved from the misslon- The country unoccupied by the Sussisns, esveeislly in the ree gion of Santa logs, npreared se attractive to him with ite sbundent we- ter {it was only ay), ite rich soll, its suoply of wood, and the ponds with thelr beaver. (he westher prevented his cerrying out the extensive exploration that had bea ordered, but he climbed some of the hills and looked over into the promised land, Plessed as he was with the Santa Hose valley, he felt that further examination would reveal more dosir= able places, but better weather and a larcer force would be necessary. tn this trip Vallejo be- gen his policy of kind end just treatment of the indians. Since he 3 ned previously been harged with exuelty to them, this change mey have been brousht sbout partly by Piguoros's great influence over him, a : fact borne out by the large mmount of his report devoted to expressions of disapprovel of the friers' cruel treatment of their charges, In another way cleo it marked a suralng point in nis life. «This: Lin first trip of lLmportence north of the Bay sroused his enthusises for the roglon, of which he remained a persistent “booster” for the rest of his life, if one may judpe from the concluding paragraph of hls report, 1. Indien cempaigns, pa " tous to ouminens out bom dnls. 0 wiles aid Si 18 68 qiteuns Aly bowed nad viauolyehs ad as nas a men 0 tome stp 16 3 os 2 6 do vd ant "1 glose by informing you of my keen desire to ovoperate in some vay in : tho sdvancesest of my nition sad In the prosyeFity of Luis valushle and interosting part of the Grest Sexiean Republics” od aud prosised him permission So sake another trip. The swaner was spent In a number of cecusetions: ques the missionaries over their failure to supply food and clothing for the troops. stienpis st veforming discipline, & shifting about of the lower officers and of the nen, probably with the ides of lessening fevordtise on Sho ash of Yh Feiars aul VERON uD Spbualer ENO. The early eutuun wes epeont in propere~ tion for a eblony to be esteblished ot Petaluma with e later expsnsion to Sente Tosa. By October Spd preperstions hed reached the stape where beth Vellejo and Jfncher were us ied with taking the inventory of the supplies that had been sent for its Ten settlers offered theu~ selves and were scgepted, elthough only six hed enough children to be : considered really desiveble, fifty persons in all, all well mown end | some with a little property. Petalume had bewn chosen for the site 1s Vellejo, ¥s 0., Dogusoutos, 11, 1 Yay 6, 1638, Vallejo to Flgue- roe, & porvsonel letter. 11, 211, Jay 186, 1638, Plgueroe to Vallajo,. (84), Vellejo, ¥« Ga, Dogunentos, 1I, 14 - 124, larch 15, 1038 - Aug. 1, 1884, blotter copies of officiel letters to Figueroa and others on ing to claim is by building 8 hot there sud send ding nev ture lioraess fo did gEent the sottlors pommission to renain “his concos deplsion had been yonchod as to the golonistpe Senta Hosa wee considered — desirsble in many my : but the missionaries were £1 lm In Sholz Glan to that regions dana of tk self with (he ty nieing tw to pleat & ovup of whens fox ne RES was not until the nest your whet Fothor Sgtifymm % "a%sus wes finally settled when the Potalum raach was granted to Ya} Jos but long before this tho srester part of the colonists had bece d to San Fransisco. met with better success had Vollejo mot been interrupted by to wo The first of thease, which might well have proved fatal te the tiny colony was Father Jeronde's ill-edvised attask on Toribie snd his partys 4 ds Jans 13, 1634. 11, 516, : Cota 3y 1038; Vellejey i» Oey LoSumanios 11, 11, Jam 8, oy He 11, 218, dane Los 18354, Jenereft, He Hey 111, 280, note 26, says that Jants lose was first mentioned in the lest letter, a slip for the first of tho three named. sonsons, slthouch the one given by Who ¥ #8 of 5 out of im clothing was scarce = Vallejo bears then ott ia this sommndent expected the» to work Just es herd and would not tolera felling off in the service. Though he had been thelr Gese of discipline thet should bo punished severely. Ho 41d arrest the rf loaders, aod vhon three of the remainder sppeaved the next day to § the release of thelr compenlons or to join them, it was oaly the & oly errivel of Zlffres Ofnchez that saved them from belng sigsated on So spots Ihe decision os to thelr punishment wes reserved for Fi who appointed a we conduct the court mertial prouising to attend ¥59 SrI8l WAGE Whe SvidUSSe wes YeBAYe ihe men were sentenced to be transtepred to other companies, Rh they were left at Vallejo's mercy for shout two weeks, and, ss there wes no complaint, his anger must heve been somevhiat app by that Vine it mat bo edmitted that Vallejo's love for fommelity snd eorrect military usage 414 lead him to extremes and soneti mes to sltu= ations bordering on the ridiculous, if there had not ‘been 50 mony ole= sents of the pathetic. Dignity could hardly heve bean the tone eb the insuguration of Cayetano Judres ms sepgeant. The scantily 1. Cotobor 9, 1854 2+ December 16, 1834. te : 3. Vallejo, s 0s, Doounentes, il, 117, 116, 119, 178, 196s their blankets to sugply the lack of garments, cad nose p at lesst veried, weve drews up to listen to the following an nent, “In the nese of the comeadent, Jon Jevieno Ou Vollejo, (sil remove thelw hats} Corporal Cogetano Judrer is promoted to the penk i. of sergomt and 1s to be obeyed and honoved as such, singe this is me will of the nation {all ooveri®. : The other officers, Sfhchoes, smmoyed him by thelr lack of formality and the fact that © sometimes told him they wore bored by his theories of what should be dones That his theories weve not merely theorles 1s perhaps shown 2 the fast that Juan Bautista borreyess; the soldier about whom 080 par= ticnlar digagreenent oogurred, thowdit best to desert when he found that his wmisdemesnor had been the sub jest of RE He could | sot have been gone long, for ho was again on duty wad In good ste & month and a half later vhen Vallejo so far departed from prectice | to intervene at one o'clock at night ia a drinking brawl of his t aid eyrost tho offenders. This time he referred hls nrisoners to 8 Figueroe for punishment. The affair which wes cocupy= ing the attention of Uovermer Fi ueros and the Dlautacidy so exelusive= ‘1y ned sa its promoter José Yerfe Fadrls, who was making good the promise (1s) Vallejo, ds Ge, Logumentoms 11, 57, ‘pil 16, 1858, clroular to the gerporals in commend of the sisson guards 20 ude, 11, 65, 6d Abide, 11, (Re Ta a 2oheaof Ptia"s in ontrul, everything so Fe WOR beheer; 0 ee sus we hot, Some Prgstros wa 3 a af Jue Fadang go | RE: fie next rove was to use his nA en. with Yarfes te seeuro the appointment es ‘Hike, thus givisg Ha the: the complete control of the provinces long after Jusn Sandint, one of Vedrée’ adherents when he wae | fornle the first time, suo0oede Carrillo as the Salifornien the “exicen Congress. Wis assistance was useful in pessing sie | /f lefimtter law of Aagust 17, 1838, and tue lator one of ston property end the Pious Fund, which they wore —— to an Dyes fupnish resources for the comnigsion and the fumilies now in the « bound for that territory {Godifornial®, : The colony itself wes among the most dahitious that nad / been sbtempted for California, sbout two Juadred ead ¢ fifty po vom two hundred and SOF wire entitled to the bonus of ten pesos, free trensportation, three reales a day snd vations on the Journey, end ® certain amount of livestock and tools upon errivel. The sslivre of these soloniscts was ulso rather higher tha: thet of earllor — 1 Senerort, He Ho, Limkoxy of Colifoznip, ii, 289 = 201, Lo Ca 99 non, U5 women 08h 50 childrens Ce abl 0 Bl soros a2 2 26 bub since thoy were for the most pert srtisens they wore wot pavtiocus larly well fitted for a frontier life. Victor ‘rudon, so long Vellew', 1 : Jo's secretary and friend, wae one of the group. ” The eonpany set out from ite headquarters st the convent of San Camilo in Fexico City im April 1554, and even at the stort had trouvle with the city mob which tried to provent its departure, at the Ilnstige= tion of the clergy it was said. They were delayed ot Gusdalajere and at Jeple boosuse of the governsent's delay In providing the promised funds, but they finally sailed in the swamer from Jen Blas in tho Jgtelis, & ship they had purchased by mortgaging hides and tallow they were to col- lect from the mission, sor so wershly J0FeisHe The voyage was on the whole prosperous although the two ships were seperated and thore were a few deaths from sickness. The [atelis put in at Sen Diego, vhere its passengers were woll received and where they later weve divided cuong the neighboring ~issions for entextalmment. Uoing from mission te mis- sion, they meade thelr way north. The Igialig in the meantime sailed to Yonterey with the settlers’ possessions, but was wrecked after sachor- ing and three lives were lost. The Jopelog had better luck snd arrived safely =t outers, its passengers, toe, were cordially received. (mn the day following thelr ayrival Figuerce received his first official no- 3 tice of the coming of the culoniste. a 131, 261 = 263; Shake 2+ Sept. RG, 1034. 3+ Banovoft, H. H., Llgtory of Californie, 111, 260 - B69, particular- ly note ©4, p. 269. 20 it was not his first imovledge of Hijar's impending arrivals : few Qeys before the departure of the wolony from San Blas, Sante ine had resuned control of the governments A spesisl messenger was sont to dovernoy Figuevos over the Ansa trall with new opders countermanding those given to ifjar and ordering Pigueros to vetain the political con- trole This trip wes made in forty-cight deye, the courkier barely es= coping death frem the indians, thirst, and stervation. Figueroa, who | hed by this time recovered from the sever attack of his illness, wes \ willing enoush to rem@lin in power and refused to hand over the goveins y ment as directed. Te was the more recdy to do #0 zines he, Vallejo, / Alverade, ‘slo, and othors considered the whole a plot to get contzol,/ of the mission i, Hfjar's right to the position of director of / ¢olonization was not serigusly questioned. At Tiras, toe, Figueros promised Lo eselst him in carrying out the instructions that had been issued to him in his deal cmpacity of governor and director of colo= nization. These included taking possession of the migslona, forming villages of their land to be occupied by both colonists and neophytes, and the control of & considerable residue of mission sh However, he insisted on laying ‘he matter before the Diputacifn, vhich relieved him of the responeibllity of deciding that Hfjar was entitled to retain the position of director of colonisation, that le had no clelm on the 1 le Figueroa, Jp JBulfigate, pps 14, 17, 22 - 23, avd passim; Vellejo, in Gag k Lg 4 Il, 307 = 310, 349 « 3603 /lvaredo, Je Bey lllgto A ily 226 = 200 (Alversde considered Ferfos 8 silest pextnerl; Osio, J. Me, Ligtoris de Usiifornia, 224 = 250, bendini, Je, Hiatoris do Saliforais, 69 = 66 naturally defends his own party. Ze Flgneros, _ s De 1 AC fp orrean) “ ue wns i aig satans a begin 80d xi bolgueon od of huel sleds to Bepalily 30 : gz mission property exeept on the Plous Mand as specified previously, and that the governor should aid the colonists. / week or so later Figue= roe required Fadrés to choose between his position se svdante end that of Jub-airectox of the colony. He chose the hy “his left the partners vith mo suthority outside that directly connected with the colony. Undoubtedly alse they were disappointed in the attitude of the Californians who had been ledpés' partisans during his previous stay in California. But the situation was very different. Thon they had been opposed to the governer, Victoria, whose theories about socu= larigation and other matiers they aid not sppeeve, Figusros, on the other hand, wes pojuler, he hed already started seculerizetion in an effective way, and was willing te advance the interests of the Califor- nigns 1f they did not interfer with his own, Vellejo and Alversdo were gulte roedy to aduit thet they were dlsplessed at Pedrés’ brings ing Jexicans with him to act as administrators of the missions when a the original idea had becn to give these posts to U liforniens, as, indecd, Figueroa had alresdy done. Vallejo, for example, was sdninis~ % trator of Jan Francisco Holeno and had a soxt of supervision over San 2 Hafoels is Csstro expressed it, "1've made up my mind that the dalam 3 37 that isn't for a Christien shen’ t be for a oor.” ) lon, iI, 287, 206, Hovembur § and 9, 1634s The Minister of Yer and Serine bad elresdy been informed (id. 288) on July 18%h thet Figueroe felt himself well emough te we- tain the military command. Hancrolt, H.He, L850%Y Lily B70 = 270 is & swmmery of these events. 2e Po 3s Vallejo, Xe Ge, Historia de Salifornls min. Il, 206 £f. 11, 262; 111, 46; Alverado, J alias “HOO 5 20Y od F'unsly Alen ivil & wot 81 4 long end wordy gusrrel betweon Figueroe and #ljar now fol= lowed, first over the mission property and then moxe genorally on the question of their respective rights. | Fedele sod Hijer ocored one point by snmouncing their intention of yemoving the colony te baje Californise This wes protested ss disastrous to the colomiste and won them a fow slight concessions. The colonists rausined for some time socatiersd a= mong the verious missions. Orders wore issued for a contribuilon of food, tools, and seods fron the missions to be delivered to Hijer, these cont#fbutions to continue for a hy Vellejo's direct conncetion with the colony begen during the winter, wien the majority of thom made their way to San Selene in ag- gordence with the viigink intention that they should be used 68 & means of frontier defence. Coronel, one of the children of the party, says that this was Governor Flgueroa's purpose in designating Jan 30 leno and thet almost all the families that came en the laxelas vert there, poling on horseback or in wegons drawn by oxen, crossing Cargui- nes Straits in a lounch end a small boat manned by Yan José neophytes. At Sonoma they were put up in the mission bulldings not alreedy in use by Vallejo and his Sevatiiainhs” Janssens, snother of the colonista, deseribes a visit made there near the first of January. Vellejo 11, 279, te: letters of Hijar to Flgucrom, Nov. 12, 1834; Vallejo, es Ge, Zpousgcko 11, 526, 226, the exact amount demsnded from each wisslone (2) Goremel, Ls Pu, Gomss do SaliCoxnine ve 11 £7. 7 speioh 0.50.10 Set. Fras via GIR apsivod 48 Wht phocvator the purpose of hacding over the staff of office ss alealde to Hares He took Janssens with him io his leunch on his weturn, They left with a foir wind, but the fog cane in ebout three o'clock, & stom soon develop a ed, and the rest of the time until eleven had to bo spent in balling the boat. Janssens end the rest of the party except Vallejo and the serge- ant remained for the rest of the night in » swell wooden hut near the leading. Zhe next day they west on te tue mission. Here the colone ists wewe apparently homesick, for they deeply regretted the news of the loss of the [gkalis, which Jenssens Drought, not 80 mach because their goods wero destroyed as becmuse thelr sole reans of returning to exico : / wes gone. However, they were busy plowing mad hawwowdng for en carly "\\ top, sal outbing wool for building purposes and Suz tists’ "hile Janssens wos eb Jun Jolene, Usniel cane with about five hundred warriors and a few women. The “exloan colonists, uneccustoned to savage Indians, were frightened and were very glad of the protection of Vallejo and his troops, who with the wore vallant of the colonists ./ were said to number three hundred well-amcd men, probably mmeh teo larco an orth. i: £11 wns not well ot Sonoma and the other places whers the col- onlste were quartered. They were naturally disappointed at the fallure of their plans, for whether they had roally been promised = shore in the mission eetntes with & life of ease in which the Indlems did 211 the work or not, thoy were not receiving cither the yations or the pay that was a part of their bargain. At Ban Doleno there was much dJlscontent: the ad Jengeons, Ae, Lida y Aventuz 2 Abide, pe 02 sufficient o ing detained slmost like what Be As the spring rdvenced the complaints inoressed in ue both sides. Tfjar, Padrfs, and the celonlsts were — to found their town. Pigueres, Vallejo and other™astive sons” lowing them to unite would simply be stirring up a rovelt solves. The lesue wae clearly stated in the correspondence of Fig: £ i roa and H{jar, and the event would sean to prove ‘iguoxes the instigation of Antonio Apelftegul , & Spsnish edventurex, sll cisco Torres, as member of the colony on the way to iexioo on an errand for i The revolt was essily suppressed snd only the two tors wore held fer wit, Flguerose considered this a part of a rel plan to overthrow him and Vallejo clalus to have intereepted corres. pondence in his military capacity that proved him right. The day Yow : fore the wrising Figueroa had written to Vallejo te be on the Lookout 1. Coronel, “s Fs, Cosas do Qoliforuiss pe 11 ££; Jenssens, Av, Vide I yenturas, 49 £1. Le During the first few duys of “arch 18 a (3% “exch 5, 1636. 4 Tiguoros, i», LaaAfieato, pp. 65 = 87; Vallejo, Js Guy | 111, 16; Janoroft, He i., WF 96 oolouy, slieving He unger 59 f0 Wil F the promising to aid them in ell possible ways. Those who »ain were to be allowed to do so, sad if they wished to eva to farming they were to be given land, tools, and suior seocss the honor of the state and from hureniterisn motives. fier ne received the nows of Apnlftegul's revolt, ‘» Vallejo to seize ~1l arms and manitions belonging te the eo _ the same time suspending Hfjer's and fadrés’ commissions and Vallejo the powers they had Wy This Vallejo serriod into soon as he received doloater surprising Hijar while he was the cleaning of guns that had been unpscked during the aight. Dome the prisoners told him he wes Just in time to save himself ad rain ‘any aecused - him, but Vallejo meserts that his daily visite to his office had been . F Ay epe do la Noss, cue of thelr nuxber, of having informed 1. Figueroa, J., :goifigste, pe 18; Vallejo, 13, 14. hand printing press he had Just boughte him had olresdy started for Sea F stranded on o sand bar, by divest conmivange of bio he says, their ape weve confiscated by o squad of sovilipmen Sutk for the purpose. Hfjer sent a protest to Figueroa from San Jolene the next dey, in which he professed to consider the revolt purely Lnaginecy, guestioned Figueroa's right to suspend hin, and sccused Vallisje of boing umecesearily violent In making the awvestss Vallejo, : theless, proceeded to carry ous the resoloder of his orders. She prisoners, le 6s the majority of the colonists were sent to San Sa ¢isco, the less dangerous ia the launch snd the moye e violent, in orl. ticular Verdusce and Lera, oun horscheck under a good guard. The latter group was embarked on the frigete Logp, then ln the Lay, while Hijer, Pedrbs, snd some others were to be send to ‘ontorey, but were et we 1 special messenger with orders to send then diss 5 the Logs, together - with Lgnselo Coronel, fafasl *adzds, and any others vhom he might think i ry FPlguerca in nie lenifieato praises Vallejo's mamagovent , by saying, "Owing to the skill and military prudence with which Alféres Don Jerleme U4. Vallejo i this duty, 1% resuited in no one's be- ing wounded or even bruised.” (1s Vallejo, i Gs, Higtoris de Selifornis. 111, 40; ide, Docuuenton, 111, 18, 28, Phy three letters of Floueroe to Velleje and ong of Vallejo te him in Zep KIEV, 694 Tignes Ses hin LL onde 10. son be cnsnd? salimis Be 3 5 ie itself asd to report to San Juan Bo:tiste with his ows fo J schooluaster lgneslo Uoronel, bullding a corral, and similar affairs. enforosnent of some of Velle's Sen ‘rencisce gerrisen, but eft ting his prisoners on board the gga he returned to the now. near) e= sorted mission which was further desolated by one of the smallpox op = demios to which it wes always Sy The [gas wes detained for a ; short pericd on renching lonterey, thon continued on to Santa Huy whore the prisoners and thelr families were transforred to the | z Padrfs still protesting from on beards Vallejo wus appo tuted Cn to dyaw up the charge against “adres end Hijay, and thio was his leet : cormection with the colony as oy e at Son Solano until June 4th, combatilng the awallpox, attending to verious socularizetion problems such ss adjusting the account of the At that time he appointed intonlo Urtega mayordomo, to take office a on Vallejo, » G., Docuugntos, 111, I2. vt hel 2. Bunevoft, H. H., Llskoxy of Cellfornis, 111, 286 - 209; Depert~ Atal | or iv, 32 = 36s 3. lYsy 20,1886. Vallejo, ¥. Os, Dogumentos, 111, 28 is a swamary of the ehsrpes sgolnst Jadeés, Hijar snd the others, sccusing Hi Jar and Verduzeo of csusing roaster aglitetion in the gwoup by thelr arrival asd elting a definite meeting of cons:iraters in Padrds' house a at sight, ‘at vhich wie formuleted a plan to conguer the gurrison. This paper wes yoturned by Figueres om lay lst {(Llide29) to fom tho basis for a formal charge ageinst the en naned. Vallejo, '» 0s, 111, Bl semowledges receipt of tho shoves Sra happened smong the Julsuns as late as the 0th, bul this | : might heve been obtained by a report fron Urtogs or one other perso: Governor Figuowoe had written recommending an expedition to the ful ; but in his lettor of a weck later Vallejo had given his reagous i 0 thinking it sévisenle ob the time. Pigueron’s reply approved then, ia the meantime Vallejo hed recetved oxders from hin to found a 80 town the Sono=a valley to take the place of the one which had been begun Sante Roses The motives glven were the somo as before: to p Rugsiens of loss and Sodogs from sdvaucing farther. Fomslesion wes given to enlist femilles saywhere in the territory or any other part of the Jexicesn lepublic and to grent land to them, these grants $0 bo se tiontod without guestlon by the territorial goverment. As wee the government wes without funds, for though Figueroa gave Vallejo the lege of making the necessary ox enses, he | recomended egonony and the strictest of baokieeping 8nd sugsested thet he might have $e meio sqpe personal ssoriflces "for the honor of the nakionay govern-ent and gy . thet which £11 ren desive, posthumous fame.” fe also rade the £late tering staterent that the government wes persuaded that Vallejo’ Pe the only officer to whom such & tse could be entrusted. Ageording to : Vallejo's acoount in his memoirs, ho must have lofi shortly saftey this | 1. : Vallejo, tia Guy - (AR Lee Be June 18, 1000s (Bb \ dune 24, 1856. Vallejo, AA Ep — 3, 56, $90 1 Nee for Sonoma, waking en eleborate expedition of the sffa *y wey ludisn treaties, and bel.g received with formal 1 arrival, Although Plguerce spoke of his departure »8 alread, on in & letter of June 30th, he sontinuod he address him 8s guuend a is Seggisting that V previous notes ray heave bees corelessly omitted the Su Vallejo was theoretically ia charge of San Fransisco for several years longer gn that the former title might have beon appliud te him even though he was at Jonome. er 8 on the Sonoma frontier for the offense of stealing horses at ‘outerey. 7 Sonome continued to be in pert a pensl colony, but since the “criminals” 1. Vallejo, “a Ge, Listorin de Gelifomnis, 111, 11 = 21, quoted in sub- stance in the chapter on Indien Compeigns, ne This account fives the lwpression that it ls the description of an expedition into new and unsettled country. Fosaibly this wes the intention for dremetic offcet, but if se there are many points which are un~ exolotned, the friendliness of the indiams, the presence of Fepo | 2 18 5s muong them, The loostion say be considered new bo tie extent that 1 the lew wore followed ¢he grants would have to he \ elsvtume tian ob Wp sxegiseion property, st this tise held ia trust for the !ndlens by Vallejo. 1@ Vallejo, Hs Gu, Dogumer fe) Ahdde 714 iil, 69 - 71. ton in lgntepey the frontier of i dows was tie OCeute of | it was gustomary to send all restless and rebellious with plessure | can mssert that without wing od im converting all wy'inveluntory guests. was: “1 received sll respectfully, since I gould hardly sct to prisoners of wer, to wiom the fortwies of war hed been fatal. dered lodgings prepared for thom all within my ova house, put iy VeokS at their disposal, mud ordered tw: of my servants to leave thelr other duties to duvete themselves entirely te the serviee of the . rd irB. his ect plemsod them su much that fort, ~five doys lator, whan thay were sot free,thoy wrote a fine sonnet, in which thay praised me most tin ly for the trestment that 1 had sccorded thom. This poem I then sidered, and still de, sufficient reward for the expense I ned been to in feeding snd clothing them while t oy were in ny hie Prob- ably mone of these prisoners became settlers, and Jerreyess was hapdly — as well treated, but hie ad & number of others like him 41d take up a ranches after tuelr term was served. (1s Vallejo, Ms Gu, « 111, 298. 2 1bide, 111, 295. Iv, 672, note. | of vhon were elready nthe spot. $ the tervitory, as did José larfe Sante Yaris, for whem "igueres friendly lotter of recommendation, ons of his last to Vallejo Jo's brother Salvedor represents still enother type, the scting or: p tired soldiers, whose nwiber was ineressed by the tremsfer of the Smn v | ; Francisco presidisl compmny during the winter. This trensfor ssens to have been allowed for twe reesonsg if the frontier settlement was to pro o en effbotive barrier, it must be guarded sdegquatalyy snd the San 20 baryeciss wore in such e bed state of dlsvejalr that even the year vefore ; Vallejo hed appealed for lmmedlate ald if Lhe munitions wore to be we, Mtéros Tameslo Rodrigues wes loft with a fow mes to protect the port, a raghness thet evidently was Justified, for Jen Froncisco does not soem to have ogcurred to any of the foreign powers who desired tho terri tory ss the vost rolnt of entry, in spite of Vallojo's future fears that they would do 80. AZT: irs progressed rapidly at the new setiloent, both in building the town and in seculsrising ihe missions It wes 500D noOes= avy to start a record of the brand saris » cattle, those of Sedvador Veliejo snd Pedro Aloantors belng the first. Ygrly evidence of the / prosperity of the new tows was the contest with the vecently established Nv uasklg of Ssa Sienttate 8 to whether Jonoma was within 1ts jurlsdiction or not. he sleplde’s claims to Jurisdiction were dealed by Vallejo on the ground that Sonus was under willtexy Gomind in acoordence with 3 16, 1883. ‘hls was not sufficient. 'lcolas V a lew of September 2 Sapte 7s 1838, Vallejo, Ye Ge, a 111,078, 44. military division of the government snd es such 414 not belong, and never would belong, to the contrel of Sen I'pancisco, the Bug thing | being trae of all Present und evare ssWienets wu She sum alfo 6f i | the San Frencises (Sen Joaguin) Rivers This secs to have ©. z the matter. fpother arpuvent with San Francisco arese over the leunan of 4 the mission, which had been borrowed to use in transporting the é=- wainder of the presidisl company to Somoms. It preved to be very useful and in the spring, when the adninistrator wished to gob it Vellejo petitioned tho seting governor, who geve him permission to bay it on the public stove ds Vallejo's problem woe complicated net : (le areh 11, 1825, Vallejo, Ys Us, 2. Ini, 111, 99. (Ba). Vallejo, : Fe Crug of 5 later sdventure of Riguere’ 8, in which he o sieges a part in the regoue of the “ertuguese,intonlo Silva. 4. Vallejo, ¥ Ge, Dpgurentog, 111, 107, 194. the tropes by establishing a deinite — to ve svn, ach year by tho several nigstons in socondases vith Ghats vealths on tion was not merely lo sabisfy the nomal eomsumption of tne but to establish netionel renches, which presumably wers ulti te relieve the misslons of the requisition, and te provide an | to be uged for the support of the troops. “he cattle sent Wthe » glons was to be regarded = a losn to be repald In five yosrse One suoh yench wes established at Sonoma, peséibly at Santa, Suledingthe © - site of the mission ranch, with Vallejo az director. Although it hed ¢ certain smount of success, it by no mesns oame up to Lue e tations of its founders, perhsps because Piguoresn's desth ceew 4 before it could be given a felr trial. A drove of six hundred cattle arrived at Cargufnez Straits in October, but a portion of this wes for individual wenbors of the company. ‘esides the difficulty of 2 i P getiing the: agrogs the straits snd ap to Sonomp, there was an expense : sgoount for corrals, which was paid by the ey his Sa wus shortly ingrensed for the payroll for the IR. it had et first been necessary to diminish the already small force at Donowe to 2. This smousted to 572 pesos, and wes paid in November by draft on one of the ships. 5s) In lovember this was 76 ,GSoss ielbal Hod wl SE Ry ot caoves sed? gubiden ‘Figueros had alre alffror of the Sante Serbare company, the by the end of 1656s Co The problem of solleeting the 1iv sloms wore willing te deliver it, wae body of troops, often as far as & hundred lesgues, leavi defences weokened, et times for e considerable period, sings Pe gious would mot have the eebile collested. requently Vallejo self had to gos (uite ss often as aot the missions found soe © for not meeting thelr quotas This wes the cese with Sen Jost 1638 when the two hundred cattle hed to be token “edonat by foro” and then were delivered in San Francisco, necessitating om ting thew to Sonoma that might have been avoideds festa tho next yous it required Governor Chico's definite orders and personal so secure thom ; “here was sn even more serious quarrel with San Hafeel on the subjects The quota was a hundred cattle, whlch the commissioner, Don : lgnasio 0 “artines, said had been delivered by Father Guljas betore his dejartures This Vallejo denied. Yartines wes at his ranch on he other side of the peninsula whon he answered, althoush Vallejo ad not mow 1t until laters Me sent & corporal with six nen sud en offieial notifigstion for lartines that if he 41d not hand over the cnttle, the 111, 1293 Benoroft, Hs He, J men. wore 0 ¢ take them after giving him en thay asvived 610% wea 20 one tn oi delivered the salmels. Lieutenant sostloes w wes x lly « ving he discovered whet hed hajpened, but Vallejo felt that Hing poi dh far he must sec the mattor through. Vollejo ves an enthusiestie sdvosste of the nstlonsl i but he felt that too great obsteoles weve put in the way of the scant muwiber of his troops und nis own too well filled time the most serious. lo was willing to gusrentec thot there would difficulty in provisioning the soldiers if ho were given Proper an= : jenent and assistance. He was even willing to admit that he hed ied tails a partislly selfish interest in it since with it his men wore able to have meat, wheat, and vegetables without his porsonslly paying for them Led By the second swmer the 1 nd problex had come aps L grous of settlers spposred at the sommandent's office to denand legal co fimmation of thelr titles. Vallejo referred the «a! to Uenernl Uutiérres, with the recommendation thet surveyor be gent < : to establish ang disputed boundaries asd record the whole plan systemsti=- 2 enlly with tho court, l.6« the eo: mandant’s office. in the following years when it hed some claim to being the eapitel of Californis, ot losst the mili- tery eopltel Sonoma hed many visitors, some of whom left deseriptlons ; ~ of it es 1t sppoared to thems The followlug is one: “in Bonoms is = situated the town of the same neme, the residence of General Vallejo, and the mission of Sen Nafael. The fertile country ext onde Boros: to : - fogs snd Dolegs, the two ‘ussien setilemeats spoken of. Sonome is NN : bf oslo i 18 tor 18 ith fino oaks, end Shore is & never-falling stro nto | it. “hove is besides sn inlet fom the bey, whieh allow gotion to 1 of sbout twelve miles. "Upon paper Sonome is a very large city, and iald cut : | cording te the mest approved plam. In reslity, however, it consists of only the following buildings: Generel Vellejo's house, built of ® bes, of two stories, which fronts on the public square, end is said - 1 mit - be one of the best houses in Colifornia » Un the right of this is th residence of the Uemersl’s brother Sulvadore, end to the left, te ¥ / TeGks for the ncoomodstlon of the sur | for the Jencral, eons tin shout twenty fusileers. Tot far removed is the old dilapidated : La house of Jen Prenciseo Solane, scarcely temsble, though a nell pert of it lc inhabited still by Padre Kines Lauijee], we continues, notwithe stending the poverty of his mission, $0 entertain tho strenger, sad show him all the hospitality he Gen. “besides these bulldings just emusereted, ther: wes in the gourse of condtruction in i641, a neat litile chapel, and a smell build= ing for a billiszd-room. "hore ore also three or four houses aad huts 2. Vallejo, :» Ov, Documentos, 111, 126. » Vallejo nimself Buys of his house {lis "im those times the Csllformlans celled my large house at roteldne tho palece’ hecause there was then no hettar fern house in Alte Call- i fornia, since thors were macufuctured bluncets, dhoes, stodiings for fos ; ® 2 X | mon and women, Guwron rugs, tools for farming, sefidles, bridles, Bey with ts three great rivers, “tho Sa tho Jesus “aria”, he gov on to give a deserist " est country, “Woods of many kinds abound, the uejordty of them sul for the building of bosts. its temperature te nodereto with no effects, and is milder than that of Yonterey. It soil is ductive and less cultivated, snd for that reason more saiteble f culture wd stosk-ralsings "Chic harbor ig impregnsble on eccount of its perfect mil tary locstlon. lear the entveace and scsttered about the uy ave 5 ral islands, on which are found a great variety of wood of & sort 8 sble for building a fortifications “hes have suitable no veaches for landings sad for warehouses, ospoecielly hagel alan is about & league from the mouth of the Gulf, whieh forms two with tie points cslled Potyere snd Usburon, 50 thet 1t ls the key to the whole. One could esalily prevent the entrsnce or departure of vost from this spots The fort that is situated on ome of the apes mane tioned, the one to the south nnd very near the mouth, rises consi le 3 shove the level of the water asd has springs, wood, pastasesignly & aod other advantages necessary for the safety and defense of he L thus ot the entrimoe there is so invinelble fortress, whieh is very ade (34 #1les, 6., laxzekive, Ve 209 = 210 ta Glare, San Rafael, and Sonoms. On its shoves and nevbor there are scventeen estates siresdy granted and set! as those of Buriburl, San Antenlo Pimole, Sen Pablo, Sate goa, snd others, snd more than twenty-five ranches which f\ to theme Joab snd sll kinds of grain sre sbundent. ho industries are farming end the ralsing of estile and horses. : "it seeus an exaggeration lo zssert that by a very mod reckoning these towns, estates, and ranches are the absolute owners of a hundred twenty-five thouse d cattle, not counting the mule, | and shecp thet form a large pert of thelr wealth, and fox which ¢ lend is especially suitable. Hach of these ranches hag its om 3 vate lsndingsplace in the fom of a long chsmnol extended to grest di tances, and many of them heve thelr own stall wharves so that the bor hes sll the sdventegos that oa bo ncolude™ 1. Vallejo, i» Ge, Dogusenbom, IV, 500; LXil, 108, Lt seems strcnge go that so elaborate a deseription of the bey should have boea felt $ ] 5 & #5 mand Be An 1 Iuportent as tio sissions were 1a the Valo ping i fornia, sud vitally connected as they vere with c11 shosem of te Lage 1t was inevitable thet Vellejo should be lavolved in their proble: a military commander, as a clvil administrotor, and in connection wi j the growing unrest of the mission !ndlans. | With his transfer to Sen Prencisco in 1620 asd his appointment to the position of comendant of the cavalry company of that presidle, he assumed & responsible position 4 which required him to take a definite stand on matters of public tance. At this time a number of problems, inherited from the act, reached the point where o solution of seme soxt could neo Yonger ve de layed. The chief difficulties which confronted the missions determining of the extent to which they should be responsible for 1 oe provisloning of the military forces; the problem of controlling the in- 3 dlans, now disturbed with the idea th t thay had rights, in spite of | polities] interference; and ell importent, seculsrization. Jecplexlzatlons, Theoretieslly the micsions were to have been put in cherge of the secular clergy sfter ten years of existence as nig= slons, vhen it was assured that the Indlans would have ben sufficiently Uhristisnized and civilized so that & parish priest could lock out for their spiritual noeds, snd they would be eble and willing to contribute to the goverument by peylig taxes. In preetlce it had been found less and less practical as the missions moved away from the ‘ste civiliza- tion. Fifty yoars and sore ¥ wi slon eontrol had not produced the desired wesults upon the Ld California indians, but under the paternel control of the missionaries the missions hed grown weslihy a | ot politicians hed becoms I terented i «oun Gevoriar Hehosalla Lesued his wilah sarvied neoph vino had been Ghristiess for fifteen years ov from childhood ad & recognised neans of earning thely own Living might, upon ap to the Presidial commandant, secures o permit which would ¢ wv Eh go snywhore and bo treated as Jexiean citizens. Ihese privi] pw plied only to Sen Diego, Jsnte barbers, acd louterey, bu vere to include Sen Fruitionse Ait the sere time the friars were FOBT in the swount of punishment they might inflict upon the Indians In their charge. On the other hand, thoy wore to reap tho advantage of Bie som sistaace of the regular sroops in eepturing fugitive Indians who were unable te show & licence. On the whole the friars soproveds There wors {ow neophytes sble te fulfill the conditions and they roitavt thet any pertiel secularization which wes net irrevocable would merely prove the truth of thelr statements ‘hat the Indians were mable to look ut To fox Shelves, It wes oven seid that the fathers used the bed Gon : duot of the few who were liberated Lo make better terms for shansolves Cs 4 with the government. Thus the roault of this new attempt wos trivial 1. July 25, 1820. 2. Im 1828, Je encyoft, H. He, Liatoxy of Colifoznin, 111, 108 = 108. Seudney, Ya , 850, 11, 22 says that the indien had alse to secure a respustable settler as sponser end wap still obliged to sive a portion of his earnings to the mission. 4. Beeshey, ¥. We, Youacgs 11, 521. riod To dtond os the ladions slanorved to be formed inte pueblos. he year of ValleJe's bremsfor to Sn Ppsnetune; a Sohosndfa was resdy with a mors elaborate plan, Fick sk & it arvanced for the tion of pueblos beginning with the misslons of San dividual families, the extent of common grosing lend, the nunber of A horses, cattle, and gheep Yo be distributed to ‘sach family, the pro perty still to le retained by the church, the appoinbtuent of sn trator to take Charge of the surplus temporalitles sad arreage fo matters as oducatien, salsries of the missionaries who night o » Ba 9 PESSEgS. rental senctions Tor this purpose he issoed & deores of sesul tion whlch was practically the same as the plen submitted to the ; hy In this he vas prebebly lafluenced by Fededs vho noped to | further Lis own schemes, already ATOR. Ia view of tie fact what Governor Viotoris wes elrendy in Californie and had sent icheandfe uot or SANT of the fast, tho tems was decidedly lll=timed. Vietoris hosed of the decree and on his way north to the ever-chsnglag plaso et whieh Bd andfs was to hand over the gove mment to him, he was able to | exogutions In the northern missions spaoches wore med wiih little of~ feot at Sen Niguel end Sen luis Obispo, end commissioners sppeey to have boen elected in some of the others, but again the results vere nel igiblon Apparently San José end Jen Frenciseo 214 mot sot at alle Vellejo and rany of hig contemporaries vere heartily in fover ls A convenient summary is to be found in Beaoveft, H. H., Hi de Aaperis | VIII, 6 - 103 po this thesis. . 4 summary of the decree 1s 16 he found in Sauoveft, H. Ha, Hiskoxy be x 111, 306, note 6; en early copy with sigiatures in i, 80 - 71. 4s of 04 aL vetond edt to yams th ado (BOE Gi 4 2 0 wh ut Stn 40 Yo tare Tor Sova | It is only Just to note thet Vallejo consistently followed of Tocommining tie indieas’ rights and giviag then responsibility after he had secured woolth and influence, and vhen he was, so all sad pur osos, absolute in his power. At this time Vallejo wes, o | menbérs of ‘cheandfa's first comalssien te investigate the oul 98 5 lerieation vhich reported faversbly within three toys dutta his » capacity, was employed in disclosing the supposed plot of Posner neg end Pon Antonie Jarfa Cot sgelnst the lexicon ‘he friars 41d little to combet ichemndfs's eotivities in California, apparently trusting to efforts in Jexico. Indoed, thoy i. The aceount of Lcheand{s's activities in secularisetion snd Kindred alisomnda. (11, 91 - 118, porticularly pe 111 ££.) is that of 8 partisan although written mony yours laters His entagonisn to Victoria polnts in the sane direc~ 2 tions Ho fronkly states the desixe of the gate do Basen to soquize sone of the mission land, which was considered the best in the cow try (ibid., 107). | 2. Beacroft, He la, matters ae glven in Vellejo's Bs 11i, 1084. anid polis Li, 108 - 109. This come mission slse reported favorebly on opening the eountxy to anlonin nation ww roreignune under gertain limite. ye be Lhides 11, 1044 Se Vallejo, Ye Ga, even nade the governor the offer of resigning the tesporslities, /Tobsbly well ewere of the fact that & change of Gov | minent and thet the governor hed no suthority to accept tho nile 3 0 aarti Generel Vistorle, who finally succeeded in suporoeding tchesn= ia was favorable to the missions sdfis well imown, but his troubled vé= glme gave him little opportunity to benefit them bad ne wished. lie does soem to have found time to veguest Father Purfn to prepare s report oa the friars’ suggestions on the subject, for we have the replles from rd ther Juan Cabot, “ather José Jénchesz, mnd Yether José Jusguin Jinfnez 411 of the: considered secularisation dosivable from their ows point of view, but considered that :t would inevitably meen the destruction of the mission property, though one favored the provision that the Indians should not be allowed to dispose of the land or stoek assigned then and that they should be oblifed to work. Father Durfin's report,prepared at the end of the year, was an sble and clever answer to the proponents 4 of secularizetion, as was "ather Sanchez’ of the sane year. The i. Vallejo, an Gay 4 11, 109, 122. Be 2s Tobe 1, 1831. 4s Turén, Pr. 5., loka Llakorin da celifoxuls, IV, 957 £f.3 a copy in Arghlvas Laxe, 1X, 436 ££. The pustseript concerning the revolt against Victoria is not ia the former. Ofnches, Ur. Je Ae, lobes al la Plies of vhich there is & summary in Banoreft, idly 318, note 24. 8 With the expulsion of Vietoria, lshesndls, in com ro: South, agsin considered ettemphing to enforce his depos of 18 apparently did not po beyond the stage of offering a so p plan to tho friars of the southern missions for roa ngs \ composed — this pericd weve —— Yexieon end anti-clerical. Undoubtedly the Selfs wewolt snd hi | sequont lmprisencent had influenced Vallejo in his distrust of | " for though it may vell be uestioned whether Solfs had sny ides of se= curing California for Spain, snd whether the missionaries had helped him, there was no doubt ln the minds of the Californians on ®ither | point. This attitude is showm in thelr cori 1a which thoy took ogeeslon to corplaln of the friars’ propegende in fever of Upeln -— thelr cruelty towards the Inflange This wee still thelr theme after the serived of Generel Fig ros and his sssusptlon of the duties of govermer. YVellejo, 88 dant of the cavalry of Sen Francisco, a post which virtually seve him control of the frontier, as has been Seid, with » sovevhat y cotod by the fuck that Governor Figuores had been moe by ten facotesan f11aNS to hou the noFthem group of wise! Carlos up, hed beem surrendered by the ‘ernendines. Jingo th wore unsooustomed to nisslonsry work snd the tio logs of thelr fomas fathers, thoy foud many difficulties ted to morc severe measures than their stele Iaflienoe the friars to the d ores of Aucust 17, 1828 which prohibited ‘ough © panishrents The Lagatecsn prefect, Father Garefe Diego of Senta | cade it the subject of & pastoral letier and the criticlsm of 1s VelleJo, i» Cs, Dogwogntos, 13, 82,(iey 21, 1683}is o the ftengiue of the lndlane at Jen Jos@ is more severo than vor snd thet the missionary in charge of thet mission had stated pubiiely to ‘sllejo that it would never be feasible to glve up flo glug wa means of punishing the Indlene, since this “paternal” ype of punish mont wes best sulted to such beings ss the Indians. hide, 11, 41, (“ay 8, 1823) stetes thet ot San Nafeel and Son "renclsce Solano both wen snd women ere being flogoed; hide, 11, 140 (slse of lay 9thlsaps, "it would not Le difficult for me to offer sone uses of orualty a present praetiscd by the missions of this dletrict [San “afoel Solsne] sueh thet they would howrify eny but the wost bratal of men’. Offs Jlideyli, 143, & letier of lay 6, 1058; ihids,11, 15, no. 57. between migsion, military, sad sonebines oivil next (iss reenont with tie missloneries was on this point stoolo ned Seriously winded fedento, ister another In dler it is lmpossidle to say. Apisoulo wes arrested w Gor OTH “ro Alvise of the Jan ‘wfsel garrison by Vallejo’s 3 ir oh oriers. At a meeting a day or two later Vallejo had offered onde the use of his laamch to convey sslseuls to the presidio, by : “ather -eroudo went to get his prisoner, Coxporal Alviso would ) 0 bim up, soying that he held him by Vallejo's orders. 1 pened at the me of his visit he found only one member of the guard In Bd dance, the reralinder belny absent on trigial excuses, a metter he ad not fall to eall to Vallejo's etientien in a letter. Vallejo demir le Jayefe Piegs, re Fay : fc Bi tienen erin alos indies, 1853. Yether Carels Diego several tlaes his dlsagprowsl of flogging and ethor severe measures, but stated thet on his errival his mayordomo had told Rim it was necessary V, pte 1, 80 = 01, Juno 30, 1658)s In this some letter he gives his promise ‘on the word of a priest’ to obey the law. Governor Figueros wes willing to male og his part, c.g. on Jay 2%, 1883 he wwote to Vallejo not to red Corps Jusn Prodo Nese from Saate Clears unless sone matter of real necessity comme up ot a later date, sinee "ather Gorefs Diego had espeelally 1 that he vemaln. tn thelr jurisdiction but tat of the commendant ros Jos§ Sfacher in commend at San Francisco. Howeve it nove within his £i0ld then father Seveede's hecause hi féren Sache’ opinion could be secured Vellejo ordered Alvise to | “the prisoner over to Father Jereade, but to send a detuile Altéres Sfnches and to 868 to It in the future that no 1 granted without the most lmpertant ressons. Whe first two letter aparently pessed cech other on the road. There was a wmory op from Psther lercsdo la which he admiited thet he had mo Jus in o:ges of murder, but Asisculo’s orime was edultery, which wes with= in his covpet ney - in Ais previous letter ho meutloned the nae of ledento, though he did not state vhat the charge wes. The general tome of his letter, the veiled tireats of reports to superior officers, and the lack of the digmity befitting his calling are periiane sieges. best advocates for tho correciucss of his stand In the bier Another froguent source of trouble was the supplylag of 1. Vallejo to the missionary at Sen Rafeel end to Father Mercado at San Solano, Mey ¥, 1855 im Vallejo, H. Ge, Docu 11, 83, also an enclosed copy of a letter to Uorp. Seveve Alviso of the sare gate: Fothor Yeresdo to Vellejo devanding ipiscule, ‘ay 9, 1655 (iui. 143): lds, sing 17, 1835 {ibid., 11, 148). - Se Hay 9th and 17h 88 shoves a Se Zbids, 11, 47 end 107. Yar the search for supplles, Lhld., iI, a6, 99, 100, 10. ference, the missionaries felt set aetr cogs wore very human somptetion to retain as mich of theix venlth- to sonvert it into e portable form; sspesting than to =a peoially since such provisions as they supplied amounted $0 : gf though they roscived worthless warrents on the Vexlcan turn; but, on the other hand, the troops, slweys poorly poorly paid, had received nothing frum the governmay stage i te tion of independence from Jpaln and their difficulties, thelr borrowing arcs from placus temporarily at peace to mien ¢ ander ebinck, were sufficiently great without desending that the son without food snd clothing as well as pay. As commander of the savalry it naturelly foll to Vellejo's lot to ervange for securing supplies for nis own rou and for the remainder of thc San Fraioise force 88 often 8s wots ‘he Jecatecon {risrs rososted this pequisition woe then the Ferm nend ince had. | un the spring Vallejo sade a tour of thu northern missions collecting supplies. He met with very little success, espocielly in socuring mest sul tne choiGe sust which ves culled guiboos. Joup snd the matter up with the Zacatecsns' prefect, with the result Shot he Sm cored from the missionaries of Suote Cleve and Yan Jes! expressions of their good will towards the soliiers and promises to do vhat they Goul in supplying provisions. ipoarently this wes mot mich, for in the 5 his own money to provide the abselute necessities for same time he beg ed persission te go to o private ranch, in : ni » share, to seours provisions, preswably agalu at his own exp monthe He wrote thet wiless help was given at onee ie vist, : vosponsible for hls men's conduct. Yet at this time his troop aOR only fifteen mes, surely not enough to tex the resources of the county. he help doves 20% 00m 45 Have Youn forthcoming DoGkase Saun aFter he sont his brother Selvedor to ‘oaterey to collect three hundred 4608 dc him ong stated Ju. Wie wots he aunt by hin Gab kis hal spent neerl; five hundred pesos {roux his own Wy Part of this smount we spent for blankets, clothing, and esndles for lighting the quarters. Sut towards the end of the month these orticles wewe still lacking, as well as horses and guns for his Susie. Since Vellejo freely expressed tho opinion thet the Spanish friere would not have allowed his men to suffer such with, ove: mach N ls Valisjo, “= Us, Logumenbog, ii, 101, Outs 19, 2 Ihde 11, 99, 100, 101, 102, 107, Be Lhd. 1%, 336, 317. . Bide, 1, 47. sostod his willingness to aid the corrisen, bat wis | wes Lapossible for him te send provisions to San ncise had no wales and only o fow wagons. le, in his tusm, 00 Figheroa tust ho d14 not understand tho reason for “such bi plaints on the part of Don Guadalupe” and that he rogrotiod we that "tho alféres was piving him such & Led name with the Previously he hed voported on oF poverty of the missions, parse 3 1 Son Frnioions ad Ses Tafodle . sible for the guarrel thet developed between the corporal in of the gerrisen and Father Soseains although the latter's snare is we him. Ignecie Pusheco had recently boen sent to this on i. the usual difficulty in supplying even his five men with food, and Astsoulo affair would point %e ill-will, whieh Vallejo burt ol requesting supplies from the priest several times end rocelving tho ¥ wo ply, Tiret, thet the misslon hed none, but upon hls pelating out that it hea livestock thet might be used, the answer that the minister wes not fevding wolves, as & lest yosort, he had taken sn shoop and killed It for his mem. The © ell his wen thioves end highweymo: ag dod Veliejo's name, giving him the title of gigares This — 0 ron. : - ported to Vallejo as soon as possible. On tho same day Tether a gent him a letter in whieh he chorged thet Pacheco had Vallejo's Se= oret orders to help himself to say mission property he wished. le concluded with peremptory orders to Vallejo to iastruet Wie gusrd to respect mission property and to content themselves with whatever food the missions i; Vallejo waeplied the next dsy with & Ee he had called him, protested his loyalty to the waidhisg povoriast donied giving scoret orders to the corporal on any subject, and bogged the miastonsey to be kind enough to supply the gused with food. | In" his reply to Prgheco, he ordered him to take the greatest care to in= form the father of the nseds of his men, and to request supplies, take iAg the greatest preceution to aveld any conduct that might be oriticised, in the meantime fulfilling his duties most punetiliounsly, sod finally “5 to obtain witnesses of the Yather's slander agalast Hinetite Father Aeresdo angrily vererted the ratter to Governor Pigueron, which gave the affair & more serious charedbor, since Vallejo bitterly resented such a public insult to his honor and the ati empt to injure him with the governor, for vhom he had the greatest respeot end adi rations in due time Vallejo's trrediote superior, Alférem José Suchen, ree guested sn official statement on the metier. This Vallejo gave with \ 1. Vellejo, ¥s Gs, Dogiuento 2. Ibids) ii, 82, 84s any further, Uother Uercsde wes gullty of an offense thet o bo pardoned. Governor Figueroa, ln accordance with his i tions, wes interested ln establishing friendly relstlons with diens on the nerihern frontier, particularly ss it wes xaown that Hugsian setblerents at loss and Sodepn were attracting then fran a fer south ag the lmmedliete viecimly of Jun nafaol for the purpose of trading with thems OUbgying the governor's orders, Vallejo nad n= : couraged the Indiamms from Pulfe to visit the mission of Sen Hafele Zowibio, one of thelr leaders on friendly terms with the Uslig hed had a conference with Governor Plgueros wien he wg at Son | ol, end by assuring them of the friendship of the white nen had taduced 2 fifteen or sixteen of tho mewbers of his tribe to accompany hln te Sen Oy Agoording to Pether lcroade’s eccount, a confercnee wos set for the next day, but during the night the wesving-voom wes robbed by Toribie's oxdurs. ‘ather Jercado ordered José Yeline, ene of his guard, to arvest them, and four ory five were talon, but the rest fled, It was reported that the indians would sttask the mig= 3 sion unless Toriblo were released st once. Fathor lereado angwered Ze Hove 16. 1053. 3s ‘ho dote set was Nove 20the i 3 Pag RR Rr oh this by sending his prisoners to Sen Prenoiseo and mati : pots g 4 Indian attack by one of his own upon them with & force of thirty coven men. About twenty-one indisns wore Killed, tventy old mem, women, and children were teken prisoners and five of the wission force were wounded and ono killed. This the missionsry wished to follow up o z by an attack in force, and requested assistence fron the military forces for the i Governor Yiguoror was nabupally sngyy ab this tragic | ending to the Indians’ confidence in his offers of rriondfshipe Vailew = jo wos ordered to right mattors at once. Yo went first to San Fyame cise where he set Father “eycade’s prisoners fro ine poor wretches wore Geli hted, aspocislly as thoy hed supposcd themselves betrayed by Torible, upen whose mother and nephew vengeance had already been Sakon. A Gay or so later he continued to San Barsel with the relemsed prisonars and 8 troop of sixteon armed men. Un the wey he took oecasion to relter- ato Flgucroa's spologles for the unfortunate event and his good inten- tions towards them. At “en Rafael he found Toriblo snd hic son inselmo in terror of their own village. ‘hey were relieved st the prospect of being vindicated before their fellows. In the afternoon thc alealdes presented thomselves before Vallejo and Gevended the dismissal of Jood Joline. “his was grasted sinee Vallejo's oxders were to conoiliate the Indians at say price. From Sen Hefael he continued to Solano vhewe he found less oxeltenent, and what there wus, was eaally quieted by his pre- sence. He had intonded to visit Oants Mose, but did not do so, because > he we\nforred that the Indians would flee at the approsth of armed wen, in fear of belng ceptured as the "ulfa ‘ndimnc Lud been. It was, thore- 1. /. sumsery of Father lerendo’s report to lgucres is to be found in , 1, 32 =~ 87; Plgucwos to Lon lefael G6uez in lg- salgis, 11, 9 = 10. o a hea some asmuior ots + an sis logy & songs vis | ga oh mst sont — 8v vente sess sa a : sate 09 Basson od Seanad i son aos pn 3a snalbel ie wy yin pa aon si: aie ons ainerastone dnl Bese seid Jenw at + ad tana #1 Bucs 00 of al dowspit of drocer 8 ehmono seis To yuan | wi (hak wed Loma 00 of aenseutt 18 a8 Jd | 0 a Raat START on Me ET i aie ly Pother Morendo snd took him befors Father Leas an ti evidence oF fourteen ivneasen Wh 10 hak had in the deaths of the indians, and was restored to his missions Pig roa's coment on the bottom of the letter informing him of the eolsi "Put it down to expediency and answer that I an satisfied”, : & indigatos his wenpinces of tho matter. return to the question of furnishing supplies: Govern EE net repastodly given orders to the various missionaries to uma the end they had as Yopsesolly stated their good Ssasiodbe The etter was temporarily sation by & carefully worked out table of the to be supplied by the verlous missions, the time and place of Salivary, and even the substitutloms thet might be made. Provisieaal receipts were to be plven upon the dellvery of the goods and the cattle were w 2. Deo. 12, 1585. lo Vallejo. to.Pigyoros, Jem. 1, 1854 in Vallejo, '» O., Doguuenteg. 11, 200. Ter the expulsion of .olins, see slso Lg supers, 111, 137; ef. [hide pe 130. ge Vallejo, fe Gay Udi 3 Vallejo, Us Ou, Loguientos. 11, 126, 146, 162, 179. 4s Deo, 1, 1833. Cs odd yi Bellow od of risation wos one thet naturslly presented 1tcelf to nor Flguerons "is instraeti ne upon his appointient hed shown dlsepprovel of Hahesndf- a's conduct, largely beesuse he hed met waited for authorization’ from the central goverment Vator puting fila soeularization deeree inte of ’ foots Figueros was ordered to rake an lovestigstion snd report on & plan for carrying cut the law of 1013, sad was oven permitted to start / SR Upon his arrival in Californias Pigucroa's ideas wore similar to Zchesndfa’s. fe was convinced of the injustice of the 5 wigsion system to the lmdlens snd the oruelty of the friars to thelr A i charges, en opinion whith Vellejo's reports from the Yorth and Sche- is andfa’'s from the South 41d not tend to dlspel. Then, however, he made a tour of inspection in the Sout: his ideas underwent & change. His report to the Secretary of the interior is fairly complete. In it he points out that the indians sre only lsperfeetly trained in cule tivating the lend and renufscturing e fow articles very orudely, while ; I the ability to reed end write ls most wmsusl; that nelther their dis- positions nor thelr training hed fitted them to govern themselves. %, LASIV, 47 = 48. ss 111, 522, nate 38 quotes louse, 11, 78 - 81, but no copy of this is Included in the excerpts in the Banowoft Librefy. | 2. Alessn to Pigueros, Yey 17, 1882 in Stake Js — 3 x £ 5 fe sae ol eotee bos boox ot wilde oti t amovon 08 cot DedRrs had Sts 8 : 5 y aa hs & : Fgh SAA nas those vho were still neophytes, but would not flood the Goustyy suddone ly with » mass of uneontrolled, irresponsible eltizens. doubted the success of oven sudh mild mgngures, bul sow 10 o¥hoE WY 90 raise the Indisne from thelr dograded stete. Joveover, his opinion of the good-will of the fathers, si least la the southern part of the state, changed; he believed them ia fever of, or willing to cooperete in, re- signing the temporvalities, and was oven youdy to excuse the flogging of the Indians, to which he had objected so strongly at firsts Te ele saw the usclossnoss of distributing the micsion property to the neophytes in lots suitable for t.o maintenance of individual families when thay had been trained only ia farming on & large scale with specialised lmbove He saw also, as later happened, thet meay disestisfied with thelr new life would retura to the wilds and live by robbing the shite peepls. He was well aware that neny were so much Interested in obtaining “Justice for the neophytes” because they hoped to profit from their ignorance and inexperience, ‘he fer-pesching influence of tie Spanish friars scomed & mensee to him, bat sn unsvoldable one, since thers were no lexicen fviers avellable exoept the ten Zogateceans who had come with Sa Vellejo, in whoz Governor Figueros seams to have inspired ao type of hero worship not ab all natural to his disposition, experienced e somewhat slumller change of attitude, perticulsrly efter he came inte direct asscoistion with the mission Indians eb Sen lafael end Jolane. it is not surprising thet the two were drewn to cech other, since thely x tastes were similar, both were honestly gtrivinz for the welfare of the county, and Figueryom, recognizing his young subaltern's sbillity, made ds Figueroa i the Et of the Interior, Han Diego, July 20, 2833 3 of Boged wd apd: den #44 20 5h 5 Ld 5 ih i aE ev0ds vorls (om sldablovams ag X tion of the new gugkles with the old towns e2@ prosidles, the prov sn ray of to employ iteelf mgainst the govermmen: os of the part that ambition played in the younger man's how to use this on ococsasion, as he did Ia urging hin to fouding of Sonam "beosise tie Fovemseat vs Gonvizeed What ho was the only officer cepeblo of undertaking such n task”, spresling in the same lstter to “his wise patriotism snd the loyalty of which he had given BO msny proofs”, rivong flattery with the implicstien thet the go recognized this end would see that it wes hi After his tour of the South, Governor Figuercs iosued a sional decrec for the amansination of the indians, in whieh the most were striking points of difference from teheandfe's law 388 the to the governor the right te decide who should be liberated, the connos= ton for iho continued sup rvision by the nissioneries.and the commissliouezs 2 in charge of the temporslities, the reguirewent for the immediate Gong= Te struction of orderly homes, the maintenance of “he stock In & commen herd for two years more, though the animals might be distinguished by privaie marks, the prolibition against killing all the animals assigned to any farlly st eny time and tho forbidding of aay slaughtering for one year, the inallenability of the land, sud the penalty of return to mig~ sion life sg & punishment for the neglect of any of these provisions, ell vegulations which shoved a do'p understanding of lhe Indlang® charc= 1. Piguowoa to Vellejo, June 24, 1620 in SEake to have boon 11t4le opon efibicisme The cesse they thought 10 Lest classe wld soan stare the Tne Callforalsne found it Indien late their own, while the neophytes themselves were not ent it #8111 bound thes to 8 olvilized life. While the plen wes inte effect in & few of the southern missions and was belng dl Pathor Durfin, Father Cavefa Diego, ho Llouteeldy vod othews, the dente can Congress passed a new decree of stalortaakions largely through the. V manipulations of Padrfs, whe hed ceused Yohesndfa so much trouble, wnt This eompliceted the problem by demsnding the inmedlato seeu= larization of the missions without working out the details, but 1% 14 provide for the use of the Plous Mund to finance its provisions. shdlos vedecidos, July 18, 1833, in Vallejo, Ws Gu, | Ri¥l, 26. A trssletion of ell but thepremsble is to be found in Bancroft, H. H., Shonpdfin, 1858, San Diego, July 16, 1638. 5. lugust 17, 1838, 4a Pe sation with sesularization and the Plous fund, been ssiking lo be relieved Leceuse of his poor errivel in Valifornis. He was pleased, thererore, to onan of po ntsent of Padrds to suceeed hin in She militswy tomary in frontier provinges for the dhled willitary and .. 4 bo In the hands of one man ~- end the spreintuent of Ufjer to relleve hin of hie olvil duties. lowover, thir put him sowevhst In doubt as to his right te dwntinue with his plan for secoularisation, but like a cheandfs before him, he duclded to hurry through his own SUS, ine én sided him by rushing theonghs & provisioned doatecs Unlike Acheandfs, Plgueros wis favored by chance with continusnee in his of fice by the cirvewrstsuce of nu change of government in lexico dramatic overland post with erders not to deliver the governient to thu ; Jer on his errlval. [fjer's other title of director of colonization wes secegaized, ob has been sald, hut aluge hls Influence on. the migs vhatever his hopes, wa: confined to & tax to sup ort the colonists lor ! & year or two, it wes negligible as far es the missions were Ty After Vevernoy Floueroa's death little wes done about seculspiszstion untill Alvarbde’s administration. Covere le "his law as published dug. 19, 1034 and did not differ grestly from the previous peyeog! There i8 8 copy in 2 i Lo anlzatlon, Ii, 283 - 268, ad a sweary with farther references in Janoreft, HM. H., History 2¢ bids, 111, 539 - 045; Ill, 342, note 4s dllakan of ul Ba 11, 200 ~ 192, Tor an so .ount of Padre’ and Hijar's colony, pe » Vallejo, J Ce, I TN ~ tallows The Ripukeelify reseed s lew forbidding slaughter of castle in nor Ohiee aia interest himself sonounst in the missions, E bad been © masber of the Yexican Congress vhich had passed a | | slong 1~ thelr existing state until eurates could take Apparently this lew was never publighed in Uslifornle, and in any cose was Qisregerded. In the latter pert of ‘ey Chico issued an edict to dheok tho frequent desertions of the mission Indians. lis querrel with #r¢her Durfn caused him to hesten the seoulsrizs.ion of Sante lunes, Sen uenaventura and later Sen Miguel. Usn Jos$ wes seuulsrised in Noveu- ber after Unico's departure by the Ligukagifp end José de Jesus Vallejo pat in charge eo commissioner. The last mission, Janta Clave, was se gularized by Vallejo himself as mh, / | During Alveredo’s elgiue plusdering of the slscions wee at its neights Proctically all writers, Yelifornisn or fovelgn, sgres In de- seribing the rapid decay of the miesion property. © Vallejo points out that the indimns, sduinistrabéys, and the goveraweat itself plundered the ex-nisslons. Jose ennll oreditors lost by the transfer, singe there wes no official record of thelr accounts, the record books nirsculously disappearing, bul the govermment, the chlef debtor, caluly cuucelled 3 its debts row the time of seenlsrizetion the friarve se nm 0 have Lo Nn cone completely discourage. Theres are naxy chorgeybf neglect ‘agai them and even accusations of wenmlon destruction of mission property, pare ticularly of the stosk, with & view te securing cssh for ine hides and =~ (1p Nev. 7, 1836. Zs Por the genersl amocount, see Bsmereft, i. ¥., Hig 42 ~ 4%. Velleje's ssculsrisation of Jente Clava, Dec. 2 L854, in Vailejs, i ae IV, 48. edd #0 oy lesegganib 8 : : : idol 8d: Feegory solisals 30 so ldout Sauk sein Yo seclinhenos nove bua sid atelgiial JS ~ 8b ome of Alvarsde’s ects was to edd a sup J : a decree, devoted mainly te defining the duties and pov tretors and makin ihe definite ruling that mw ite sorson ws allowed to set le where there were Indlen communities. tha appointment of a visitor general to Salers its P» Hartnell wes chosen for this position Rd at once HN, a tour of tn- spection, starting from the South. After the first trip & new set of regulations was drawn uve The ednministrators were raplaced vy yo dows Bt & meh sweller selery, though the forsey sdministyators might continue as usyordomps if they wished. ihe letters’ dutios end those swnaary of verious acaountSs Vallejo, “a Gey alg, 11, 54 wakes the charges thet he Solids hal. radii Hie gettin” lose of killing the stock to halves (on the hides). 1. hide, 111, 360 = 393, IV, 14 = 26, 83 = 86. For further references see Sancroft, HM. U., Histery of Solifoxnle, 111, 49 - 64, and 44, note 18. i; 2+ Abide, IV, 53 sume up the statesents of uany writers. Saati = 8, 1hids, 1, 66, note 21 has eo SUmOATY. 8, Jan, 17, 1689. in 1698, since at that time 1t lacked a fow months of being ten years (2s) Sea Frenciseo Solano was founded in 1628, sbendoned soon after on of the visitor wore quiring the visitor's missions were placed in a special class to be mont sew need from time te tw! 5 { Pa 3 } i facl ond Som Fronelsse Solsno way be taken ss illustrative of the ge ral course though hils problems were rather different from any of the others' beesuse of his pecullsr velatlons with the Indiems of the @l the frontier position of the two misslons with the possibility of indten attacks and thelr casy sccess te the wild tribes and the ent ioenents of foreigners, and the fel that Jolano was oa comparatively néw missions It wee the only ome of the missions whlch was not subject to tho old law 2 olde in 1834 Bsn José, Sen Francisco Solono, and Sen Rafael with the colony, which had not yet boon established, were erected inte a 1. denoreft, Ha Hey EH suwmnyys Vallejo, I. Ca, Ssmautiaa, K3E1il, 30 is the original; end there is a transistion in Dwinelle, Je Va, add. 67 - 6a sgoount of Indian attacks and reestsblished by Father Fowtuni. It was per-anently rebullt in 1080. (i. G. Vallejo's speech 8s quoted aR in Pavia, W 8 Hey Po 174)s greater part of the time st Sen Rafeel; his batter than thoas of hls predecessor, ment related more particularly to Jolane. It lay in she 0% military authority to be annoying and doubtless Vallejo | ¥ of his power at times. Apparently the governor thought 80, ! find him ponding » much sharper note than usual ordering not supply Pathor Culjes with a launch whenever he needed one. tary duties seam alse to have been tho vesson for his snes in the affairs of San “en Yrancleco Solano ouly. Uovernsr Piguerca instructed him 1 > for the distribution of lead neer the rancheffs of ileasio (1a a governcr urged him to observe carefully Pigueroa's aides to take os 1. Vallsjo, © Gu, tas. : oe E08. Por various trsmslatlions, see Sancroft, He Bay ey hide TIT, Y17 gives a @opy of Ris mep showing the — The reference given on tue previous page in note 18 18 @» Vallejo, ¥» C., Josie tos, 131, 12. 4) mag. u1, #9, San Kefoel had & muwiber of edulnistretors sad may en laventory of the mission property whieh ves then valued ot seven ¢ MT YP CRP SCP MO DT AT VON ‘san peses efter sll tents wore paid. le, in his burm, gave it tate eiarse of Zimoteo surphy.” During the same year Vellejo coliectod all the Indians’ property into a common store at their voquest. The chan was assumed with the derstanding that it wes temorvery snd that eo perty should be restored aa soon as the portisculsr conditions which vod. the move advisable had changed. Tor various reasons, whigh the adtans 41d not understand or sympathize with, this restoration hsd not place. Thelr exasperation had grows until they showed signs of adding to the frontier problam by flesing in a body to the wilds, hig wes : the situation at the tine of Hartnell's sppolintnect ss visitor. Vellem Jo sugrested to him that the restitution should now be rade since Sam Lafael hed actually been seoulerised and the property divided, snd it wes not, therefore, on a plane with those that were still under mission or- senigation. ile Valieojo, Ya Gay ili 1l, 70; ides ana oy 344, a notice of thelr epprosching exrival, ove 9, 1087. Ds Ze Tove 30, 1808. : i Js in April 1856. ¥ii, 78, Acefd 21, 18363 for the luwentory, Abide, pe 56 = 56s 4s Vellejo, ils C., Soguugntoes, XIV, 17, a dosunent without date or signe ture but in Vellejo's handwriting. “yen the context it 8 olvious | and during wie period proved sroublosones. he neoghytes vere lend so thst they suffered from the i end othovs, as In the ese of Gio Juinscs and umn Be selno, feaioge eb the Arroyo of Sen Josd, iafesl Geoho at / end voguests for srents such as What of Serreyess of les st Point San te Os Tue neophyte Cruilie hed & property which he left te his wife im his will, nade in tho of Hartnell, urphy, and ool, Cocssionally the Indians wove pomnitied to rotuwrn to eriginal renghortas - = they left without permission rather fi Thus Jos8 allo, ceptain of the Tomales, wes allowed to lead and 8 nasbor of the old people of his peace back to sot - wanent hones in his foruer village, on the condition thet he gond one or two pOFSORB to ASS every weck iT it were cel 2 Vallejo, He Gv, Dosimmiton. IV, 34%. 2, Sopte 16, 1029, Hartnell, ¥. S.P., Bi do dislongs, pps 7 & 4 (almost o copy of 7), 90. 3. Vallejo, Us Gay 1%, 26s 3 nb oe Ha Spr ’ donee Voi old did not tae indly nopthen frontlow, which he hed a loca tho ‘ siutord 3 sidering virtusdly his private property. Me: appoint ag visiter of ihe missions and his etiempted chunge of “regorio b fron Soar to Sen sec 0 sve 0 gestae, opanLaLy sine | was the period et which Vallejo's and Slvaredo's its height, was regerded ss an intrusion. Tuis phase of mission i A ministration hed been included in the subjects of discord governor and the general ae early cs Snnity and probably : Alveredo refers to provicus letters from Vallejo on the — Ale varedo clearly stoted the issue; he did not vecommize Vallejo's » 1 + to intorfere in the missions, snd although ho “regrets” muy ovbamsssent thet nay be caused Vallejo im his relations with the Indisus, be eonnnt : on thet consideration jeopsrdlse his "more lmporteat” interests in the aoa. “he correspondence musk have continued sll winter, for in fpril the Sovernor beszed Vallejo to observe the vogulation, and Vallejo replicd ine tone of exaspersted patienoe that he was not insise | ting on reducing Jan lsfael to & pueblo and dividing the property, since that hind bean done alrvesdy in the time of Ignacle /srtfnes, sad the fact that some property w o nov held in 8 common stook wes due to tho fact that he had agein brought lt together us necessity seewed to devand at . x 2 : ] : ® ok 1. In a lotter of Jun. 20, 1840. ; ; fe Vollejo, Vs Ge, Losungntos, V, 28. ad gw eam, 16 still a atas ion, vat ho 414 eall uttention Poe te. ow olf hed te live in tae voglon, thst he hed always tried to Indians justly, sad failure to Resp his promise in this cess wo without doubt cause him e great desl of tame in writing of felr in his memoirs, the fenoral humopously refers to Hverado P) : “heart” vhich could not endure the sight of the poverty of the pu gorvents, ad speaks of having stated in this letter thet, n 3 verado insisted on caryylag out his pleas, he should be obl L store the .ndisns their property out of his own poset, a throat ' gould hardly have alarmed the Sorensen Alverado, in his KE I Salifornia, vofers to the matter at some lengh sad ventions e "written more es & nephew than as governor”, a reply to vaieh - » . » | : ellejo, “instend of pnswering with a definite aaswory filled pages Bi paper roviewing everything that had taken ese on he meter B- Frontier sine 1634, citing the orders he had rocelved fvou Conorad : or Tiguoros, acd ending his lettow by meiing allusion to the full a he (Alversdo) had given him in 1836 to regulste the frontier in the wey thet seemed most suitable to him for coneilisting the indiens and 3. eben ¥e Gay a 1x, 100. | + Aides AV, 17; Jepexte | | Yo-4 : ‘a this commestion con = iil, ca, a note ao ww, 20%e Hertnell's visit was ow ne wesns without trust the Uoversor's memoirs. After Ln hg! Sun iafael Indiens and tho General's promise to then thet thelr len | should hot be taken fron them (he does not admit that the wission h ben seoulerised), he speaks of lsytnell's intention “when he iv | at San fafeel eee $0 treat the Indians of thst plage in the was socustomed to treet the neophytes of the other missions, but thet the Indians of Jen Hafeel had councillors interested in havin retain the independent life to which they hed bem aqcustonod for x years and st their instigstion they sent » commmieation to Jo urging him to fulfill his promise. Ihe Indians’ messen er the Ueieral a bit end stralgntwey he mounted & horse and without he asm eort he was seoustored to take with him when he undertook « long trips he went to the Uonome wharf, took a launch there whieh carried hin to Sen Fyanclseo, from whlch point he went full speed to Sen José to with lz, Hertnell, vio, in spite of the arguments brought forward w Ueneral Vallejo to induce him mot to take any measures which would f= fest the Sam Hafael Indimns' intevests in my wey, wes unwilling to yield a single point that hed boon prescrided by the new mission law, although Uenersl Vallejo wes willing to offer to secept as © Gompronise g | e redivision of the indians’ landed property by the Visitor sud vas | wililng to place the buildings snd huts to be found at Sen Hafmel at Qy) Mversdo, Je Ba, ot spitliv Fon vibe a his ple by vio wae a . vag la instroetions extended to 1 the o viral : a Indians of Sun Safeel yreforcace to any oLers he cirounstanges. Ihls answer put the Sopmand and hie angrily sald thet the Jen Safes) Indisns was woli'an 20m wi tho Ssleus, Piepulnes, asd other Lelifornla Indians, and - if 0 ; grested’ force to his arguments mad take from Don Guillermo j all hepe of sceorplishing the secularization of the Hafael, he told him to estinate what the value of the land a girders to take from the Jan Rafael lndiens wes and as coors 4 Hg gut to Sonome, he would give him his bond for it either in money or cattlon Uf eourse, the Visiter did not accept this offer. From Jan Jos he sont we Alversdo] & letter by soecial ressenger, informing ne of { conversation he hed hed with Usneral Vellejo and usking fur tions concerning the namer in wilch he should procecds iu his pr relher his official statenent, the Visiter -enercl Sorel ne that in spite of the respect he and his wife, Dols ‘ervse {Generel Vallejo's niece}, hed for "ihe sutoerat of Sonmoma' lreny Celifornians oalled rel Yallejo'ihe sutourat of Sonoma’beesuse he allowed no lew but his wit to nave force on that frontier), he thought that the govornuent. doula deny his request, pluce if it egteblished the precedent of its laws and suprese desress for Lhe purpose of pleasing a lita lecder, very soon «ll the presidie gomuanders would he eager to obtain privileges and oncessions ai tho hends of the govern ent that would The reeling of the Visitor Gencvel's rotund the government's prog official note gave me wath to 1 hink about. Tesirous of hunting Whats 9s General Yallojo nigh have $9 uepe du fave of Me ge Son BID od! Booda Kld8 oF dose ou peas ado (alel¥i oy oF eval ditgin ofekls? Lenawod Gy GC pe 3 ; i hin thst 1 was sending an order thet Smse GPU ral of the misaloms to refrain from intorforing m te San fafeel indlans antil 1 geve him orders to Sunt ime neRth ot states’ in view of this thet: Yelleje wos sogey when he learned that Hartnell hed risttod sen 3 lafesl end hed interferfed with his plans to the extent of ap; it wes not surprising, ther a new meyordomo aid glving Salvador Vallejo orders to grent we —_— flesr leave to come fwom Sonoma | Gregorio Sriomes spoeared st Jan Bafeel ss TR but re= ported that the indians wore determined to doemend the Pulfiliment of _Vellejo's promise to vestore thelr freodom snd thelr pmperty. 4 speech by Fartnell, explaining the new regulations, the nts : decision to place Sen | Hafan) noder its crovisions thowsh it was avare of the pro=iges rade by the Ceneral, whose right to interferein the | © ulsston affaive Lt 41d not recognize, was ineffective. lhe Indlens were insistent; they 41d not want & mission; they had been deceived : too meny times in the pest to trust sony proolses of future liberty wd future restoration of propeviys they were now so few that they would bo unsble to do the mission weriy and finally, if they ust have & but promised to walt s fortnight fox an answer Seon We & "if Don Guadelupo should Gove befordhand to wep his jo ordered its skipper to deliver hls passenger to the wes then aroused to a display of tamper thot was nob of wil istio of hime lo ruched at the bout and with his own hands lon it in shore. Hartnell was taiwm to the lounch ead delivered to the Gor= poral. Vallejo soon followed on board, wewoly toushlag his het we | Hartnell and si looking very sngPy. ‘hen he bagen to sive orders to get under welgh, Hartnell requested pemilaaion to speak to nim bom fore they sailed. Vallejo refused gmeffly, saying there would bo 61 enough to talk later, but when they resched the other side of the he diserberked and continued to Sen lefecl by lend, lesving Ne the launch. Upon its arrival the next dsy, Veliejo received bis pri- sener graciously and had se far repeated his hasty setlon qf the day before thet he apologized mod told Hsrtsell that there wero only two. eA reasons he could $hink of for having tesen him prisoner, the fect that % EF ne hed left orders to vurnit no one but a courior to pess, or that ne fe sorething had boon done thot wos contrary to his ideas, but that he had found that this was not 80. However, ho felt that Rartnell hed done \ 1. Yellejo, i's Gay 08 ; i i wrong in going to Son "sfeel in his aboonge. Undoubtedly the second resson Wes the wove important. Just what Vellejo would heve done had he found that Hurtnoll hed sucesedoed in overthrowing his arrangements, it is hezd to say. dis motives in so ineistently defending the indisas do not soem to have been tho rercen- ary ones his contemporaries freguently hint. loth ho asd Alvarado say that he of ‘ered to pay the value of the lend from his own purse, ead it can not bave beon that ho regnrded that lend ae csveclally valuable, since he preferred Sonowe nd had in his posession more than he could uss. flo was coxrect lo saying that he had ava tried to tromt the Indiems justly, and it may well have been thet he feared the dotiequanoon of an overthrow of his border policy, when ho could seo that the guestion of foreisn intervention mst arise in the not distant future. Ais it wes, the imprisorzeet of lert:ell wes not eatizely pro- fisless. With the eclognence he ws sble to use on occasion, Vellejo not only secured Hartnoll's perdon, bu: setuslly convinced him that it wae wisest to carry out his promises to the Indians sed grant then thelr liverty end the land that wes left after setisfylng the mission a. ad providing a fud for the malatenacoe of the priect and tho churches “hatever ho said must certainly have boen effective, for the next year when Alvarado ordered Hortnell to visit the north of the Day te perform his duties as Visitor Gemeral, instead of obuylng promptly 8s he was acocustored to do, he hazried te lontorey to ges the jovernoy snd ine formed him that he would rather resign his position then stiampt to he was tho founder of Somome wes 1 inkorvone in his Jurisdiction”. PeoEs ‘he force of his argument, for, as he Site he gove up his aysteratiaing the ex~uissions of Jen fafael and Soleus and le Vallejo with complete liverty te de whui he leased with the the Sorts 1t is quite lltely that the megic words of sither the presentation of his bill against the government, hl ct thie time was large enough to erbayass - government with an @ ary, or the reminder that 1f he ceased to maintain the garrison a =& the northern frontier would be entirely umprotocted. Hegtaell wes not sllowed to leave Jem iafeel quite in pe Sslvedor Vallejo put him iu a boast about to leave for San throatoned hin with dire consequences 1f he crossed the lay again for the puFpoSe of enforeing the governor's decrees in San Rafael asd Sonow Ae ihe This wes hapdly the resson Hartnell drecded eo return, alg 3 Svscole had planned to start sult cgalnet Se lvador, bat dropped 1 with the investigation he hed started egsinst the ay At Semore during this perled the sltustion was socoviiat dif- ferent but no less troublesore. TFebher Uutibrres hed succeded 3 : i ox Yortual in 1058. Vallejo had one encounter with him ia She fall of that yoar whe: he was sttempilng to found settlesents at etaluss snd Jents Dose. Tutier Gutléryes secss Lo have coved for intruders as little a Vallejo. Discovering thst two colonies were belng plasned he sent sono neophytes with sone animals te pasture nad witha ovdows 0 | to bulld some huts for the purposes of laying claim to the lauds “hen Vallejo visited the spot sgeln the acxé yoar after his diffionlty with Tather “ercede, the missionary had yielded to the extent of giving the colonists permission to stey If they took nothing fyom the land, sowed no crops, and bullet merely braach huts. 4 few deye latov,on belng shown the orders from Governor Figueroa ho consented to let the setilers romain Saostaitie’ The effalr was setiled shortly of toriards in favor of Vollejo by She govermsent's grant to him of the ‘etalusa ¥ach, e solution that did not tend to promote friendly A In the sutuwm of the next year Vallejo wae put in chorpe of the mission of San Frencisco Soleno as lta commissioner. Ile appointed intonlo Crtege meyordomo, choosing o formes reuber of the gus with the ides that the younser neophytes would de less likely to run sway from sone one they knew than from a Heats This nppeintment was displeasing to Fsthor uljas, who wes now serving ee missionary. Come plaining of this, snd turning the tables by reporting that the commissioner 41d not supply hin with sufficient cio, oe wont to live at Sen Refeel, neglecting his duties os curate of Jolane in all metters but the colleo= tion of his salary of fifteen hundred poses, in whlch his pronptness o wos quite exemplary. ihe encunt cise seemed excessive to Vallejo. I% i 1. Stole poers. cilgiong aud So ii, 516 - 31%; Vellejo, a Ges loguontog, ii, 21) and 218. fw ; il, 118 - 182. Je 8s 111, 40. “a Bs (1, 546. Sem Tafael, Vallejo urged that he stipend theres i pl Various nblers, the nest Important of whieh were with lndisn ; and the establishment of the colen for the ‘adrds and {jar colonists, provented the dist ventory was verdy; it hed hewn necessery in some esses to supply colony's needs from the mission store end this had complicated E ‘ho neophytes took advantege of ihe changed conditions and the ¢ absence to leave the missions The csptaine a pealed to | pepmiseion to return to thelr forcor villsges on the t:oy should eontinue $6 resurd $ie ahusien a8 their ie rtors, request thet wes grented on the primelple that Lal? a long is potter ¢ none, boenugo yo PO permiesiongthey would go without and : would Dom come hostile snstond of keoplng up the pretence of friendliness. low thet he was closely c8600iBtcd With the ex-noophytes he roashed the ¢ clusion that Figuores had alrosdy formed, that most of the eivilized Indlens were quite unsble to masse property or even | he xr ows actions. He therefore beoame au advocate of the pertisl : i rization eystom. About & year after assuming control Vellejo ade mitted that he hed bees unshle to distribute the misslon lead and po = is Fosslbly sessions and vequestod that hls suecemsor be sppolated. 5 2. Vallejo, “a Os, Lo dred and fortys Valisje sont immed his ticles amounting In veluo to o considereblo sum If the covds is a oriterlen, the next fou gours mist. bev bows Jonome mission; the ‘ndians continued to live theres cecded 0 ae aduinistrator ad Salvador B® no were treated as apueble) instend of 8s an Gs-migsslons requested informstion of the cirousstences from Uemeral Val Viil, 69, XIV, 11 & 26. 2. Tis eccount amounted to 765 1/2 poses by the end of 1836; ) 7 - heading the list, whe 2till remined in Uotober 1837 in (11, 844 1/24 & thelr sotivitios fron that date, thinking 1% the best way in which carry out the government's desires. In this way the indiens had : all the sdventegos of protection,ond still did, while he had all the labor of making thelr slonder moens, sone two thousend cuttle, soven hundred horses, snd six thousand shaoap, streh to meet tielr soodes Ylth these he had paid the priest's salary, the necessary forming penses, a temporary sininistrator, and a fem overseer, and nad nado cecesional gifts to savage and Christian Indians, as all frontier Sows did te preserve the peace. He offersd io give tho govorn-eat the Fopors of the indiens® Joint resources as often a8 Lis other soou potions would permits “heir wealth at the time, which showed & con- sidoreble Inoresse, he placed at the Visiter General's cispossls’ 2 ihe inconsistency of the two brothers’ statements on subjest lus been severely criticised and vas lator wade the ground fox charges of stealing fwom the missions. = During this sane year the sdninlotastor of Sante Clava had veén. a ctierel to loess threo thousand sheep te the Rous migolon, but there is no record ss to vhether this was done or ty | R. mach later, Father 1. This now amounted to 4000 cattle, #300 sheep, and X600 otous, to= i | other with vineyards and oraads. atiajoy 5 Guy from Cenersl Vellejo, wong other items he was to eollect fa persons, probably basing this demand on the previous ovder to i he thousand sheop. Vallejo acknowledged that he hed .8t one time x the two pages separsted in some way); Hartnell, Ve He Fe, § Pos 90, 90s Ze dering him te lean 3000 sheep to Sonoma for five years, as the p : pent ie saxious to foster Somome.ln Vice, Plo, Dogusentos, 11, 9. $4 these were sent the astusl resources of Solano were cousi less than sppearg from tho report. list by Father iurc of tho debts due the mission, beginning with thres thousand sheep owed by Don Cuadelupe Vallejo. Ihide, 3, is & power of ectiorxney to Franolsco Aree to collect articles llsted on the reverse, precticelly ldenticsl with 1, except that Velleje's debt 1s stated ss three thousand sheep loaned for five years, & peri od which ended “sreh 2, 1044, shout the time the sheep mentioned in the previous note would have been due. hide, 6, i= “ sinilsy are power of at owney from Father Jorcedo. ihid., 50, is Velleje's he poply Lo e letier of the sane date inguiring If he wecopnliszes the | debt of six thoussnd sheep, in which A that he does not, since | a the shecp, only four thousend in number, wove supplied in aco: vdsnce with a decree of Auge RB, 1089 to Sound FLA) Congres ; asd mot to hin personally; thet all elatus, the estes 1 possible thet an enbirely Gbdierent nd that his 1atter muotiak was Bet Foseived ub all hed so frequently psld for his troops’ supplies from his the friors cay have hoped hie would dgko in this uses he to which these acousetions could go is shown by en sogount of ¢ | ite 18 agow eg say oy ei si seg 8 at, 3 af the Coneral’s enemies, which has been thousand pesos. There is a long tale of & dispute with senito & couptmartial, proofs of Vallejo's guilt fro: the vinioh were considered fraudulent, a deferred sentence, and the less of tho papers beesuse they were carried sway by Covernor “4cheltorenas Probsbly the key to this charge is to be found in the guestion with which the mocount closes, “How else could he have obtained it, when he inherited nothing from nts father but the knowledge of how to Ploy SERA, wh evi to ash 4% the soldiers’ Meany suf VOB 68 peor as ww What scems to have bewn the case at Somowe wes that Vallew Jo had taken charge of the Indisn ectetes after distributing them, both st Snowe nd Sen Safmel, partly to keep peace on the border, partly because he liked to mmuage things, and partly becsuse he could administer their proverty in such & way ac to bouefit his owne | allow him to do as he pleased Hprinell's conerel hed showed hin the danger of this sohene, bo he decided duolaye what wes setuslly the case, that the missions ned been a Solano completely, ad San fafecl to & laze extent, cad asswe risk he hed uwpfortaken in msnsging the indlens' Hartnell, after reeeiving his report, did mot thisk it adv 1 hp interfere, though this is & possible snslanation 92 his attempt st fiyser stand at San lafael the following spring. Alveradoe's de the migsions, bit mos special orrengerents for tie adninlstretion of Sela from time to time, as it does for sore other missions ot which | there hed been Swing The line of Geliformia ’ missions had never been regarded as complete end it was more clrowm- stance then desire thst had led to the of various plans 1s fsrtnsll ulssion systems “le had writien to the Father missions, Futier !sreno, sdvising a line of missions foo the | cule River near ‘ern lLeke to the Chenchilas (Yosemite) River at missionss iis Interest in the scheme wes welaly ss & p ure pgeinst the saves tribes,which by this time were in horse stealing raids on the fromtier vandhes, and ¢ means of keaping the ex-ncophiytes fron Jolaing the seveges, perience hed proved that missions were the sont sifeetive weens of = gontrolling the Californis Indisns. Father Jovens replled thet ne : senally he fevored the plan, but as prefect ho 31d not vonsider i feasible. Bustenente was the next person of aortance to take en interest in the inland niguionss Governor Alverade showed Tel: a) a letter from linrigus Vimsond in which he sald Gust President mente thought it sdviseble for ihe nev svchbishop to take the nies ‘aries and found missions in the interior of the provinee, which woud od > certainly give the any a nev aspect. The now ) hip Garefs Diego, who hed susseeded in having hinsolf slide of tho Gal itomine, When he wvoturned to Uslifernie and ‘upon & swsber of Indians that hed come with him from Jexice, it was rumored that they weve to be sent to educate their fellows in the central valleys. However, when tho time ¢ame for them to leave hey abjusted to belng sent to not es missionsries in regions whore there were no osteblished uissions. The bishop's other dlfficuliles ceused him to 2 drop the matter. Zithgss (mo of these difficulties was (he stiempt to collect tithes. Dleappointed in his plan to found & seuinery at Senta Barbee, and lscking funds as sll executives of the period 4id, the bieghep decid od to revive the system of requiring tithes. There was no lew to enforce this end the elvil authorities, though sppeasled to, refused hy However, Father Gerofa Plego met with sore success in the South. At Sonoms Vellejo flotly refused either to pay the tithe himself of to ale low its colleotlon in the district under hia Jurisdictions In the first Zo ( 3 in 1840; he returned to Callfommia in Ew, _ Banaross, Hela y , i161 ~ 168, says that he culos te the Appeintatng aud : worked against ite Be Vellojoy 4s Gay } iv, 62 - Glia los Angeles, I11, 98) 13, x a statenent of the tithe VelleJo should pay for the ‘Vallejo replied that he would contribute vo! and necor his moans towesds public worship, WG thet ie vould HBL Poy 8 as a tithe bosause his business interests vers ob stable ono So rant sugh os fived sscrifice, but thet he was still w gy 85 16 } said in thelr conversation of two (sys before, to hand ower his ® to 0 Ghar, 1 he here wuld parenton en wed ension o family; in this way It could segure & tithe end the matter would be ended. fo gxorossed hls doubts ee to the advissbllity of all to ecllect the tithe on the frontier, especially the pioneers di not mow the pur ose to which it was to Ve sri, This called forth a serson in the form of a letter fron Uather liezeade, setting forth a Christian's duty to the church, parti in the matter of payiag tithes; a gift wes a voluntary contribution, but a tithe wes 3 8 duty. Vellejo wae indipnmant at the aitempt to frighten him into 4 doing the collector's will, as his angry response showed. Father Juijas took his share in the comiroversy by preaching pointedly e= xo 1. Vallejo, Us G., Dogauantos, <1, 347. : | oo ie fe Soberanes, Cag 3« Vallejo, Ya Ua, Ae Die, Aly 780. this breuk, against wisioh his entire poliey was aiid, na priest to his office asd forbade muy repetition of thot mijes hardly dared to press the msbter fox fear of losing | had, Valigjo's gifis, sud ye Vallojo had for some time mlntsined the Jonows church which wes absolutely without licome, and now offered to pay & double tithe = his fesre for his furily's financial welfare seum to have been sloneries ab Santa Dosa, where he was auxlous also to estoblish & misslon, where the froutiersoen's money, "ewymed in the midst of so many dangers", might be utilized to benefit them. This offer wo refused, although Vether uljes had sald thal he would Be ® wliing to aot. as missionary in a new cetditiatonbe Others who stterpted the same sert of deflance were not so protected from the churéh's vengeanse as the Cenerels “he aged alféres, José Sinches, long since retired, beoswe dangerously ili virile the quervel was still raging. Onc of his sons hastened to Santa Clara to bring “ether ‘eronde, whose pi » he vase seoting with & pofusal, he eppesled to Father uijas, then at San Joab, but he sls refused on ihe ground thet he G41 mot imow the sick memes Father lowe cade wis egain approached end again refuseds Two days later his cone seiouce or fear of exitiolsn made him yield, buy hin arrival wes too Ee Saneroft, He ¥H., History of him burial by the church. An appeal ves made to the bishop by e sve! al nessenger, but & week le¥or no decision had been resolved. A month later Prado ese wrote that they were expecting the bishop, snd one Gun sae Ghst he Wee sgmeiet vorvied by tie feat that he himself hed had & fall fyom his Soda. : of Uovernor ‘lcheliorenas “he usefulness of the missions wes prociicel= yf ly over, Mui the govemnsent was obliged to support the clergy by the | provisions of previous secularisebion detrees. “he obvious solution wes bo restore tie misalons uid reuoynce responsibility for thelr up <2 kgup. Ib wis Che one adeopleds Uovermor icheltovens, therefore, | ; published a decree Featuring twelve miscions to sueh friars seg should 2 be named by the hy bo lands already ceded wers Lo be yoelaimed . bat livestock and foam tools that had been louned by the sdninistrators - or meyordonos might be yveonlled; the neophytes were 10 be resssebled | and cared for in the old way, and in addition one eligith of the annusl lucene was 0 Lo pald $6 the EoveRaanYs The fyiers wore pleased ot the errengoment since it freed thom from the iutorforesnce of ihe aduninig- trators, sithough they were obliged to work hard for & voor iivinge he state was sssured of Lbc eighth at leash Lusteed of the wesrtalne is ty of the later years. Jan ‘efsel and Jam Francisco Solano were not ingluded among the missions pestored and appesy to have continued as 1. Vallejo, is (a, dgopnentas, Xl, 473. hie IV, 563, swsary ond rofor= ub ences to Spanish copies, pe 569, note 1, of Bids she = mont ousily slon were oo. #ite Gov Governor “daheltorens apppeiod to the assembly fo means to resist the expected sbinek, he comivtes appotuted to lave gato reported that tho mission land wes the only public property from Aoropdingly the ass the government to sell, rent, or mortgage sll misslon estates except : thet of Sente Darbare, the site of the episcopal palace, and Senta ines, ar the intended locetion of the colleges “he decrec wes glven to the gover nn which en incowe eould bo 13 nor to be used in case of necensity, WEk Ye Reves fosaglly apugeved by him, and since the war #siled to materialise, was never used, Es 3 he $14 convert Zam Luls Obispo into a town. However, the ides had been started s:d it is mot surprising that it was revived sgein ln Pleo's administration. After a careful k , A 3a Auge 1844. Le Ivy, 20, 26 = 27: Harimon, | : Sages, 156, 16; and other roferences in Jancreft, i. He, Hlatory of Sslifornia, 1V, 428, note Ce 8. July 16, 1844. il, 599. The neophytes were freed except from the duly of personal service to the friars; they were rented Ilberty to sell or will thelr lend sway, but ln the absence of helrs property wes to revert to the state; the misclonary's dwelling was to becons the curate's; & Jug= tige of poate wes to be appoloted snd part of his duty wes to be theo distribution of the rewslnlng tools, vite of tha ebjuuslun oF sen oP UD 1 Sood amtite: Vie tulitengra Se cgatly Usloves, Joledad, “au 3 and Purfebme to yeocoupy thelr missions within a month of they would be declaved insotive and disposed of by tho state. lan 2 two Sen Jum, at Gn vere Tart bles as thay hd bon Tak the go Hor was sithortsed to coll st ection my peainder of property efter the church, the curate's house, and a courthouse had Leen reserved. Peraission wes ~vonted to rent the vesainder of the migclions if re ZV ment saw fit. The Indians were Yo be free to work for the renters or i other persons vho might wish %o hire thie Tus last practice does not sea: to have een ulmsual, slthoush deorces had heen passed sgalnet 1t from time to time and objection was nede during Jloene's iatans Some sdministrotors even want so far as to send soldiers to cepture fugitive Indlans that they might derive a profit from thelr lsher, but in this they were following a prectice started by the mfisslonaries, Sven Martnell, who might Lave been exe pected to be conserned with the welfare of the neophytes, weve orders to return the firitives to the nisaions that the crops might not suf- 4 £00. Then the month's notice wus up the regulation for the sale andl renting of the missions wae published. - San Rafeel, Volowves, or 1. my 28, 1845. i i 3 i be Considering enly the two m mies left to set ss vi there had a priest north of the 3ay. ”. migsions, from 1847 vhen Father isto ruin. Son Sareel Bad Yoon seperti Feet Sonim ond ite aries sot ss the digrict from the Jtwalt of Petaluma to the River or Jen ignesle. A justices of the peace ves up olated at raquost of ¥. A. Jilcherdsom. Tals position was offaerod to © ar Sarphy and on his refusal to secopt,it was given to Antenle In the spring “urphy was elected to the position and thle time 1. Zanoroft, He He, wes not made without diasagre ment, for svat 40 2 1s tou one of we 5 ; tices ot Sanona, ed nob been Lfommod of the henge ad Gor plained thet ‘urphy wes lntorforing with hie wightss Uregoric iriones, who had bee L Hartnoll'e appointee to the positlon of mayoddowo at Sen Rafael, wes ns minated for the position the next year, Feshese to be continued os 3 48. An loventory wes taken tn econdasa vith he desree of acueh 9 endyin spite of the ruin of the mission bulldings, Sun Hafeel's proved to be among the most velusble of any of the missions, rusgoly on 4 gause of the desirzsbility of the lend. On June 8, 1046 the mission wag sold to Antonis SuBiel sd Antonic Yerfs Pleo for elght thousand pones, b jess than half the value assessed in the inventory, & sale which was lator 6 | dooided to be invelld. Te the price should be sdded, however, the uls~ sion debts which had te be paid by the purchasers, which ln this cose v : were about seven hundred pOEoSs About » week before the sale, Vallejo, T- XI11, 96 ~- 100; Ig ii, 23 - Zhe 6s imo of the firet acts of loves’ temporary government wae to deelave Pige's sales void; however, the illegality wes based on Ploe’s gues tionable right to exerolsc such power (Mextwsn, la, pe 10)a a : Vallejo, bo Gay Logue EE H00E = BY HII i a8 not silvery seblintity in tis distri ., Castro to divide what —— tools there wero — the ind Lan Sen Francisco Soleo history durlug the sae pe riod we a: : ferent. ‘6 was rogarded as completoly seculerized with all its = ; perty divided, go was not treated as an ‘ex-mlasfon, ‘ether utges geome cocasionelly to act as curate antl his departure in | the inventories of the other missions were propered at the time we was authorized, one was prepered for Solame but no prices ware £11 " however, the artigles listed for the moat part were those belonging “0 the church service, for which no price was set in ad other Lon a The Indians did not desert the region to thc extent they nad the ex-sigsions but continued to live thers, presumably on the land that bed been nssigned to thems Une of tie old mission buildings wes gronted is Victor Frudon by Csstye in payment for his services to the povernment. the Avericens wisely deferred tie settling of the status of the misslons until the country was orgun= ized. The mlssionsyies were, therefore, left in charge, ut the ela: b ; ! of the purchasers were not dlsallowed. Governor liason ordered the ejection of immigrsnts who had settled at Senta Clava, slthough Father Heal permitted Shan $0 remain until after the harvest. Hut Prudon’s right to osoury the building ot Sonoma was upheld pgalnst the priest and the Ey “he final settlement of the claims was thus one of the : le Vallejo, » Ge, Jpgunentog, X11, E10. Ze Pie 123 - Libba Za Vallejo's Scouts for these later yonse still show meny of shgir torts sh professed te ba a Leyel eEIGIG IR 2 for ss the interfevewith his rights as o froe nama sad did mot stomp to his tolerant attitude to those of other beliefs who chanced to be nis ny One matter in whlch the goverment of the Ghureh ate. terferewith his rights a8 a free man in hls opinion wis in his sean for knowlefge, hen & ship srrived in San Praneisco harbor with a signment of French books so redical as to be included in tie [nde 41d not hesitate to buy the lot, remove it scoretly to Jonoma, and vite his most intimate friends of the time, /lvavade aud Castro, to in the treat. All went well until Castro wnwisely told his their windfall. She shared in the plety which was commen to the fornisn women and, in fear for the safely of hls soul, confessed to prédete The threo were exoommmnicated and apparently rether tie experience, but out of consideration for their feminine relat Sh x ‘note §, paragraph on the missions. ‘esymey’s deeree relating to Seata Clare, Senta Crus, and Jen that hod been entrusted to him, since, of Goures, the nave sufficient dealings with sn excemmanicsbod ven to | caipts The matter was sdjusted without thelr having to but a few of the mest objectionable of thelr Ty wes quite willing to ecimovledge his mistakes - st least later in 112 and narrates a very good story of his early sttempt to enfores : wed wilitery discipline upon hls fellow-gitizens. Since it Hereiso Durén sod hes been used to illustr-te Vallejo's 2 i the church , ! will retell it here. “he relations of the two 1. Ze the "General Kistowy®, Fsther Sngeltierd is so obviously por to the missiong and the missionavics and 86 prejudiced fute in detail all the charges wede agalnst the wiles of this Vallejo was not always, or eve: generally, withoui Liame, for he A yowig, had suddenly ben thrust lato uluest unlimited power, wos clined to be vals of hos libexnl ideas, end wes husen enough to tempted, but eonterporary writers more generslly scouse the ao plies ox that of the bx other of oruelty and ether vey of the librarye ‘fter the sup zal, to straighten up affairs and restore pesca, Velie more agoordlng to code than diplomsey, serticularly tn the espe José de le Guerre y Howdege, whose wife, su cousin of vallejo's, had ed to get him of through her yelatiouship. ile explalned to hos wes quite a different porson fvewu hor Guadalupe, but the feet tics Don Jos was in the habit of referring as “gl hergle" alse had no iafluence in his plnlslments iis : was to give Don José a second epportunily to ascept the pest of of Sante Derbare. Dogwe tho happy outeome of the affair, hed tried to ofrect a reconciliation, but had offended the young general by ob tengt ing to enter his office without bolng Helted by a sentinel, he was at last admitted with dus ceremony, ant - the for:al greetings had been oxehunged he locked sbdout for he chair ace and wolght rede desirable. +t woo: before the days of pert, but Vellejo hed ne desive to reve his office the hesdquartors fo wiseacres vhe would try to rua his affairs, sccordingly there were bat two gheire, one soeupied by hingelf and the other by his soeretary. the padre, therefore, stated hls evmend standing, end panting sowevhat, one Hey BUPrGSe. Velieje refused to discuss anything but indian affairs or 1 missions with him aad geve him "leave to retire”. This Fothor Durfa aa with 88 good grace &s possible, sod there is little doubt as to sole 26 am EN BOS WY ie SERRE due cercvony snd wos regelved in the same way. ‘The service woo ¢ or plve , taking the place of the fo leademug in accordance with a doeres of Father Serrfe's in 1087 tox tie socmndentes conevelegle Tho exoellout dinner with its courses and expensive wines wes also formal, but the Qorsudente i 2 General was grecious throughoute After ho hed mounted Father Durfn could not repress e question, snd after bolug granted pernission to asic a it, he said, "1 a= very much perplexed when iI stop to think over what hi heprened four deys ego in the ) 1's office. Your at the Senora de Vorless's dinner snd your conduct at this peor niasion % neve been se different from your usual procedure that 1 should like to now what produced tiie change. There must be some important resson, : for the | general of four days ©g0." | Vallejo's snswer wes equally frami, "1 can not deny to your of today is very different from the g rovorence that when 1 came to Senta Sorbers to receive the survendory of the armaments ad ecuipient from Sefiow Castillero, I intended to ax- ganize the department 1n the “uropeen manor boosuss L was tired of see- : ing uprisings every yoar, which veterd the country so Sorriblye 1 came determined to Le sovere with everyone, unjust to no one, but two days were enough to Gouvinge me that so long os tre ruler of the Sytay ise men, who were too busy to Fecogalse thelr vights, but they ¥ ty in the fullest sense of the words “eo onded with the ny adviee, ny son, and do not expect to ses & plan for good g sdopted in your country. Perhaps some day things will chasge, redloel change een take plase until Cellforais ie mor that Celifornis was to be sold te Russie, Yellejo spesks of stiitode towards thelr priests, "Ve Catholics have the deepest ¢ for our veliglon., There are tines when we like to bad once who heve served es such powerful ezmmples to the get: 2 : our holy religion.” it 1s unfortunate taat this for to such a degree in the cree of the priests with whom he had most dealings and who by the sane token ome most ander the observation of te spoil o good story for the sake of mcoursey, but other Colifornians aad forelsers, bear Aim out wien ho says of them, “Dh wore continually stiending dances, st which they would throw off their robes snd take Pert in the dsacings As for avi: ing, | doubt if there wou anyone in the whole depactaent, unless (t was the ex-priest, | 4 or Ysldensde, or any living being elsewhere who could compete with Tather | Jsroado snd Tother Quljas, who weve considered such exgellent 4 that the ‘ueslsns wore 1: the habll of seying of them that they pasoed tho Yodlses, who wore considered ‘Sirenstor'*s 7 Turing ell the period that seoularizstion we: belng agitated, . oriticlen of Wie friars’ education of the Indians we: Common. Vellejo vagbrong the sharpest of these eritics. After glvimg an wncomp1 irente E 7% ary acoghnt of the education he snd his contemporaries received, he a says that the indiens of the ex-misslens received even less educution than the Loubke for "these unfortunstes with very Fore exoep~ tions were teught nothing but the confession of faith in very bed Spanish asi by reseating it out loud, since they were not pornitted to read.” | Davis, on the other hand, says thal qeny could resd and vein There may be some trath in Vellojo's state-ent that failure to educate the ln- Alene wis & definite poliey to offset the sdventuges their Superior nue bers would give them if they felt theuselves om an oquélity with the J » 17 A 5 ‘ Lf Ww vhite mon. Soders studies in the psychology of tie foeble-minded \e \- 7 i 1 { ; & blotker copy (but vi ned om the roverse capable of learning, -awely nenval eres of the mast pert, ouly one byanch. Victoria's repost ~ manafeoturiag In the coustxy wes done Ln the misslons by x VallejofBater had shops at Sonoms for the making of bl goods, ote, but his srtissns were unguostionably er 1 Before de VelleJo spoke of the fact Liat she was obliged to but do nothing else, & laundry wonwen was insulted Lif she were sow, and so on down the Wily It is true that this did not § i them to become elflisens, nor did 1% fit them to menage thelr own f and in goneral they lacked the leadership to recognise thelr Lab] 3 end ronedy it ac the Sulsuns did at Sonoma. Still, ot the present yo time 1% is found that persens of this grede of intelligence are econ omicelly profitable only at mechaniesl plece-work or in closely ted agrienitural pursuits, tie ways in which the missionaries the Iindisnse . 4% 1s charged thet the friars failed to Christianize se well Sn BTY. 2 Vallejo, lis Guy [lokorin 89 Gelifornie 1V, 168 = 169; Davis, Te G t $ 8. Vsllejo, is Ge, i. in 1821. 1¥, 194. Torres, Hey Pps GE = Ge 111 as givilize the neophytes; certainly they never suc:ceded in seuching them not to steal, and most other Christlen training semmed to drop sway as soon 85 the restraints thai forced ite ohservance were ranoved. $6111, there is little question that the tims from the founding of the fipst missions to tholr secularization was the period of the greatest vor wt happiness sud advencenant lm the lives of the Cellformis tribes, for | then whey had enous to eat and wear, they had to work, but they had the plessure sod the besuty of the church holidays, snd protoctors who might porhops not have vous entirely disinterested, but whose Interests at least, were bound up in thelr charges’ welfare Vallejo is witness to the remarkable vividness end simplicity of sous of the preaching to tho natives, perticulerly Father Sarria's exposition of the Nomen Uatho- lie faith, which he quotes a8 being dtoquadiole: oI OUI 0 i. Vallejo, i's § Californie, IV, 61 £f. hat vas 0 be done vith the mission indians the subjugation of the sevege tribes of the Worth and extrane Soul tan the two pheses — when, ss not infrequently hap ened, me ' Indisns revolted and fled to the unolvilized tribes, vs the rosult of bed treatment, or instigated by the verlous politicel factions hoped to benefit by disorediting the misslon priests. from the t1 of his transfer to San Francisco, snd even before, Vallejo came into toot with the unelvilized Lodlans both in friendship and in ware tay like the majority of the Cslifornis Indiens were of & very low op= to. They lived for the most part on seeds and roots, whieh, howey er thay d1d not tere the trouble to cultivate - except under the Liuanos of the missions - on small gene which they shot with thelr bows and or esught in nets, on fish vhere thet wes possible, ooccesionally on lar thelr . clothing was poor, consisting of reeds and grasses whieh wars worn us a seme if they hed luck, snd on oll kinds of insects and reptiles. long fringe, and of the skins of animale; sonetlnes,oven, & cont of ad sorved as 8 protection egainst the wind. Thay had developed little skill 1. “terial, bu for Weir fishing trips used u sort tied together in a bundle yoinsel at bot onde, t6 by the Gelifornienss In praise, for here, in the sisenae of poLbery, they had skill to the point of making water-tight baskets in whieh { thelr seeds and west. Iiey even desorsted these baskets, nature in a yude sort o way, without spperently any of the to be found in similer piotures of the Indlens move to the « LE an such 41d not exist. The people lived in villages or renchoew ing in size fyvom a fow hundred to sovercl thousand, which were o | ily independent of cach other and differed move or less in nebits end lenguege. Since these were vericusly designated, wy locetion, by the : Lived, ond gtatesent thet thelr “opreen of grtters wor 80 puzzle an Oedipus” is Justified. Though it is harily possible to genorolise about oups 8 wveriod, tie following with nany exceptions to Lit individual ossos vas thelr orpenization In the main. fn 80 fax 6s they oem bs seid to heave had one, the rancherfs was their politieal unite heir althouch cclled jefes end sometimes nxinglogs by the Jpanlards, were quite different in powsr, duties, end extent of cemtyel from the chile ry of the tribes in tho cesteran part of the United States. There vere two vanis of these chiefs; several lesser ones who controlled pall generally related to them at least slightly, and & head chiof who ¥ sented the whole group in vhbt might be called foreign relations, ly carrying out, howover, the unanimous decision of the ceunell ot all the | ahlefs, which in 1ts tum wae largely dependent on public opinion. Their dutli os In the malin were rather those of sdvisors than of rulers or the lesser ohieftshshipe wore often hereditory in a peoulise system of inheritence thet mode the children of the sister nearest in age the fuver= od helroe “he head chiefs were generslly chosen from the group of lesser 2 chiefas Sthnologicel suthorities ordinerily de not prent the Indiems of the veglon irmedistely noxth of San Pro ucisce Jay say dlstinction over wo p—— 1. Bencroft, UH. He, Latlvg te wher Sultans of —1 Californias Shuts wo more about then at this period ties eng oben White wan, Ne more savage and nore intelligent then hase to the south practically sgrecs with thle giging hat "She wore rare “amerous tha in the fan Diego socion wid wey of Uo were brave, warlike, and oftem hostile”. This hed been true frou first, for Father Palou reported that Urtege's scouting party "s thet all the country to the northesst asd novth wae lmpassable - of scarelty of pasture mud esnecially because of the fervoelty ond temper of the heathens, who received them angrily snd tried to abe 2 | : pas age," "he populor name of Lupe beers this outs In spite small amount of power rented theishiefs la the wajority of Gases, reputation for s warlike cisrecter ap ears to have been due to a nabs 3. of chiefs of unususl ability. Acong the best known are Hprin od ne 1. lgncroft, He Hey Ig Ze folton, Fa FA Jd 5. Varin vas variously ealled chief of the Licetiuts and the ¥ but kis setivities were in any cese lu the wesion of the arin county. Vnllejo, 's Cay that the expedition of 1016 under José ArgHello, which Father socorpanied, woo stiatked by erin in : the Potolums valley, het he wos captured ef this time send teken 2 the preeldio of San Pranglo= ¢o, from which he esgeped by pretending to be greatly — by tho Yeashings of Fether ion ivells, who soured hin the frelon of the presidio, which was all the opportusity he moodod to stent ° Rerae, “298g Shie Dug 98. pug and jotn his. Ls 1824 on the point, now czlled Den ‘iin, and wos token to Sam Pronele= ar i oz and Mebrez Josb Sfmehen, sided by leveelo, chief of the U end Bolgones {from the veglon of it. Diable}, pursued hlm to tie 2 lends 8% the mouth of the estussy of Sun Refsel, fro: vhich they | or unable te dislodge him with the force et their comand, Liew “prtines returned, however, with a larger force, snd after Fpuing Jsrin es far as Bodess, whey finding cscepe impossible, he Burr nde - eds Yio was taien to Jom Fremeisco snd shut up for more than ay e ry after which he wes put in charge of a launch. le died in 1854 ot Ue ¢ Sen Befeel mission. Zencyoft, Ha Hey ant iy esting theory that Jarfn was not & pure~blooded Indies, but the dese 3 dent of a Spanish s«ilor cost rshore from s wrecked lenilfa zelleon about 1760, for which, however, he admits there is no proef. (uintén wes & subordinate chief under Jerin. le wae captured in oo by Lieutenant Jartines when he went for more troops to use pga “exfa. Here he remained a prisener for two years and then was pat in co:zend of the mission leunch, since he proved to te an excellent sel lor. Long afterwards, sponsared by Seolunc end Jsyoelo, he wus put by Yellejo in charge of hid best launch plying between Sono and son Treneiaoos Veliejo > ur) has consi 1. tho sobive ict led the Torth inerlosns to rake th tial, of whlch Vallejo was secretary, snd condanned to be duh a not know, but { believe that It san be ebbribited to ths : since a Grest mubur of them omse to Oulifornis with the le the Luhsbltents of Vals country ave primarily Catholics, to compli ment thea they odd & Ju bo the neses of ll the towns nd villsge ‘Bette Sonoma’, "Sen Jonterey’, sad ‘Sen Srenelforte', (I neve heard "Jan Disblo') and if guided by this austen thay have Sgn to the nae of ‘ulntfa, ! make no coment, since I admit of the Letin gd if the Point of | ‘ulnkin plesscs them better then ‘wintin’s Point, let them keep ih nse end thelr paint, certainly 1 do net begrudge it to thems Fopenio became chief of iurfn’s tribe whe: M.rfa surrendered at iodage contrary te thelr wishes. break through Jexcello’s lines but wes cuptured and token as a prisoner to San Preocoisce. Uovrmor Avglielle, sequainted with his bad reputation, ordered him brought to Vonterey. On the way ne kilied one of the soldiers of his guard by & PUBS, which, hi A418 mot secure his esewpos At Yorkerey Bie wea tried by a cou asked why he had committed the mardar, ho sald thai he might as be condemned for a recent event as for oue in the pasts (Vall Soleno © an’ Solano II, Valle fugitive ne for Yelieie’s £1eat sapere onyaiss egalnst the Indien. le 1s0 had fled form the mission Sam José,where he was aleslde, to hat favorite vefuge of vunswey neophytes, the Valley of the & 4 1. Jolmne ls said by Alvarade s Ly 89 2 70} te heve been captured by Aron in 1817 from smoung the Sulsuns. ie none Bt that tlie was Sam Yotoy. ullejo gives the nave as Sap 2 : de Selifomins Ve are aot tuld vhere the friondehip betwesn A 116} ans Soleno begen, but as It wes slresdy strong at the time when So we was founded, it is probable that it was while Vallejo wea neon in secularigiig the missions tho neve Freacisce Selene indice connection with thst pission. “he usc of I and ii te two brothers who were given the sea dpsed ie vas anid Vy Jo to have been sp Veruvian custome Be Tlistenielec hes been desorived as follows (Borjorgesy Jay Jgeuandos Pe 21 £1): "He wos a nen of about ~ six feet in height, with 8 skin nosrer white than bronze. Ye was of slender build end an s-collent horseuane fils face was Rearly covered by & veard. He was between forty and fifty SOBPS of go, : born and brought up et the mission of Sen José, employed as a novdex ad a trainer of mules. as first an lndlan of good dhoragterhe ws : ruined vy tho friendshlp of other indiens of his village on the vi he paid them, {inally starting a revolt on one of ham." as 8 i and tempting the rost of the ne iy! thelr 8 misel neries urged immedlste motion sgninst him, and tho com the port of San Praseisco, lgnselo Uartfnes, promised to seu diors agelnst him. It ls not quite eceptain whether this spots 0 tually went ot not. . > 8ll events nothing of importance we Seon afeor Yobiodo was ougt from Jonterey with dlors sud thirteen suxillaries im pursuit of Indlens from the ley sencheris, who had beon stealing cattle. He pursued then wo the end was successful to tie oxtent of killing forty men and olght bringing hie troo;s back without ove though this éxpedition we specifionlly against Hgtanislao, it nay well be that the Loyunes were emong the mumber of thore corrupted by him. It has another unpor oi o 1. Pagher Duro snd Yether Vieder to lartines, Nev. 9s iszs in Ys Coy D00uionioe Xs 174; Yartilnez to Schesndfs, Nov. 20, fs pps 156 = 130 30) speaks of en on pedition under Sergeant Soto in which there was a battle, vhile Te 4} puts 1 under Uoxporel Pechece and has it return without any fighting ges, Jou lligouend should be noted that both Sote (Aotenio] and Pacheco (Lurenso) part in Sfncher campaign. Se April 22, 1829 be Ved Ta brought against him in o not mown, but en oy 2nd José istrade wrote to Pather so himself from a shave in "tho oxcessegbomnltted by Adgtres Valle couse he war under his commend and obliged to obey his orders. rather indefinite stotement 1% would appear that She onder te } 111 armed Indians in villages vhore there wes evidence thot hovses ned » killed recently, a severe ressure to prevent the crowding of the hed been glven too liboral an interpretation, with the result thet aime 1 women end seme lunocent men had been lacluded. In the mesntime & larger expedition aga. Bot Letenisles had - 5 out from Sen Frenclisco under Alffres Joe Sfnshes. Barly in the of ley 7th thoy came upon the indians on the banis of the ldfuisimes Ri in » wood dosoritod 8s "very rough snd more than o league In extents” ‘a sll day battle, in which tho can burst at the first shot and the n= Glens discharged pwns londed with powder only, failed to dislodge thom fron this woods Fouring to carry the atteck into the wood eo laie in Wee + Sfnghes drow his troops off a short dlstenge. Hstenisles used the i. Tohesndfs to the lL xiglos, dated Pec. 15650, mentions two catppigns und. r his oorsand, one from Jen Uiguel to the Ulprre levida, and the other te the Volley of tho Tulaves, in which he had ‘one killed and fifteen wounded {presumably ] his campaign spningt Setenialon, although the numbers are not quite tho sere ss those In his official roport). | Por the charge of erucity on this pestiien, a9 80 radon, to the Father divi Syria, Hoy i oti 3u six soldiers eath, one to Guam the the Sther two to protect the flanks. & parley had ben made, without effect, since Sesanioles alone condy the negotiations for his side and used the oeoaslon to tyy again w ¢ ¢ tige the Christian indians from Sfnches. Tho new mepeuvye 41d not bri much success. Four men from Uorporsl Pifia’s squad ring tried to wo % through a portion of the wood on thelr way to the river Z tor ratory two were killed Instently sad the other twe, dadly wounded, were recoued wi eres: difficulty. In addition, six other soldlere and eleven of the suxdliarios wore wounded and one of lhe suxiliarics wes killed. Dla- coureped by the extreme heat end with thelr ammunition gone, the party = A alg, 111, 114), but since that cxpedition did not start wbil tiny 26h . and this letter is dated ny 82nd, there cen be np commection. © 38 nothing in the letter itself to make it necessary to amply it wo the gecond. 2+ The Stenielaus liver. od Bad welusg hnchor sented 1a his Teport § at sont agelnst the lndiens if worthwhile results were a wis taken and Vallejo, stationed at lontorey thous oftg of the oevelry company st Sen Fransisco, was ordered by tho oom lgnselo Usrtfnes, to take his whole troop end two emdpns, and, Klzéres or who was to be socond~in-command, proceed to the wives district, there to effect o corplote overthrow of the esoaped 6 end thely savage allies in punishment few the damage they had donee “he expedition got out on lay 26th with a hundred and seven men and one canpn, both sufficiently provided with ammanition ss they thought. = Saxly on the moning of the 20%h they Yoaghed the Same on the lag uishees !iyver which had been the vefuge of the Indians in ; observed the indlans driving the previeus ermalpme Here the vanguam : horses into the grove, end by prompt pursuit were able to recover four _ “hoy hed ne intorferense la bringing the canpn agress the ravine and wops able t- approach the first stockade with no evidence of the pro~ sence of the Indians excopt shouting within the woods at the foot of : an ool near the edge of the grove they discovered the partially bummed bones of tie two soldiers killed in the previous cempelgn. Some twistel State Cavers. Visslious aud Solenlizatio Hye ads fn servicios of #1£6res Je Suchen in Valle o, s Guy X% : iE 242. oo 2a lay 16, 1029. | de Coomprdant of Son Francisco to Alféros Ma. Os Vaile lo, Fay Ley 4 ie29 in Vollejo, ie Sey % fusivods $erll eof aoaeiq of ads sey him eR ote thelr horoes, which were left viii Sha thelr eseepe later possible. As they advanced, the by 450 Silex undergrovih through wish G10 soldiers had bo Lyon with both hends to the detrisest of the effective use of | % Beg In comparative sefory. Vallejo at b sot of and although only & rert of it burned,,the indiens wore obliged to pofuge on the Lanks of the stream, that ls the one whieh flowed th the center of the grove and is ealled the Pescadere in Pifia's ¢ sp arently a tributary of the lssquisimes. Here the soldiers were to plok off a fow frox the apposite side of the lesquisimes, though w wore still concesled for the Host parts. The onbn did good Epout five o'cleci in the afternoon Sfncher with 8 conpsny of twenty- Hon wes ordered to charge the grove. Two hours snd & half of slvest cont lnuous fighting in the heat of the still burning wood followed, bat, the lateness of the hour then obliged then to withdrew. ine next morning st nine Vel ejo himself entered the grove with a similar troop. They found 1% empty but spatiered vith ‘lood fro the wounded although two graves were the only evidende of fatalities. Exaninetion of the grove on the opposite eclde of the strenn disclosed an elaborate system of comm leating trenches, 4 few Lod ions still lurked here, rusting to the obscurity of the wood so conessl then: tures of the soldiers, sorporals Josh Yerfa Villa and Sclveder Bepinosa, and the indlen Fleoles, who weve exploring too eagerly, wove wound eds Since thelr guaryy hed obviously fied, it wns dugised to teke adventage of the cool of the afternoon te plert Bs pit shout olx ooloox they sdvaneel three Jonguos quistnes, halting at half pest soven in a i of fodier asd wees fox tue how : aries wader Yalleje asd Sfnthes Goutimgd s plsce much nesrer the village of the Tt were reported to hove flods #t three o'clock in so ratty ; they os mounted end by four resched thoir destinations In spite of ir gare the Indians wore ownre of their presence snd had begun so sto o for pu : tection. 4 comorel was Lusedistely sent with ten men bo the other :1de of the grove to ysovent an escape fron t that quarter. An sux 1 Lexy x sent with orders for the artillery and infentzy, which had been Lest "ot the first stopring-place under the comand of Jergeant “edro de | ve to come up at once. They srrived at helf pest eleven end the immediately sanined on the groves In tho intervel en attempt to secure a surrender hed bee le through the regular interpreter cud an indian oeptured the dey before; in vein, because of the Lreachery of the letter, who was shot on tho infor= mation of Isthfas, » half~breod who deserted fron the enemy and now setod 58 6 guide inte the grove, which they entered literally chopping thelr way. The Indians were found to have constructed thely trenches more sdvantagesusly han before, for though the comps. terrified thom it was er able to Go 1it le dmmsge. The savelry was obliges to dlgmouct snd ro on foot os before. After an hour of close fighting the wood Gsught flim and the Californians considered themselves lucky in boing sble to save ; Br | their carfin. ihe cavalry wes eb once gent to help thems About clevem 4 o'clock the Indisns 41d mele an atiempt to escape by way of the viver and & nurbor weve killed - all but one, Vellejo siyse Davie, h says that they oubwitted the Uslifosnisns snd cscaped doa atves: burned the bodies of the two soldlors killed = auxiliaries begged to be aliowsd to put him vo doath and pesabeuion we grenteds “helr rethed of accomplishing it was to put him in the eenter of & somicirele and uae him as a torget for their archery. 4 aval yin Nepotel to 406 What Whe your bien S48 net 436. 1m ups of Bis | three wounds snd mevcifully chet alm, whereupon the suxilisries thelr work by hanging hime “othfes, who since the time of hig » 6: had pits faithfully se guide, faved little better, for an suxilisey ro Bin and he was then hanged to the nearest omke Four Indien men and vom men who were later dlucovered ln a romote part of the grove shared the sane feta, and Augustins, the Uhristisn Indian eeptured several days bem ; foro, Sogethor with her two companions was saved only by Valliejo's tubers ” vention. | Hone of the soldiers was killed, buv chirteen, two of them la dian auxiliaries, wers wounded. EZlghteecn horses stolen from the of Jsnte Clare were rocovered. Sstanielae, 1f he had ever been in this second village, escaped snd wes hidden by Father fevelso Purfa uwstil he was pardened st Soverusr Lehesnd fa at his venateator’s requests Ib ig said that he was agein in the stealing of horses later in his : i ; 1i5e and that General Castro conducted a eampalln agalinet hime i aie wslb 2 ai out, it ues desided to setam to pp tu rar rrosentod 50 41€rioultion nd they dune 6the The first official notice of the carpaien wes 86 letter from Lieutenant sartfnen, the day of Vellejo's axrivel iy Sen Jos Besides his congratulations, however, he expressed regres. ag Leas of provisions mad somunition had made it thposaible to effect the © overthrow of the rebellious Christlan Indians that was so much dog sired . of the port of San 1 ‘renclsce In bs tiem, II, 11; & brief snd incomplete account in — Ged ifernia. Pps 138 = 138; Devi, Ye Hey 2128 Pe 541s It should be noted thet Vellejo nsies no nention of we in Vallejo, Ge Gag “Killing of the ceptured lidlans lo his Yeport and in his | , does not mantion the campaign at alle aN Though Vallejo n turslly enough chose & partisen as disrist for his ex edition, there is sn andereurrent of rogpectful ani rem - tion fox *gl pehor corandents, len Gunde lupe Vallejo} running throw bh PiR&'s account wileh suggests, even so serly in his career, s zesson for the gront influence ho later had. | | 1. Comondente lgnoolo Usrtines to Vallejo, dogs 5, 1829, in Valle 130: M. G. » Docu » 1,°176. az cane to Sen “seneisco to discuss cosas of thar ding district of the "pest®s THe left at once mad stayed about o we . Just what dseision ws rosched is not mown, but the arch wa reo god the troataent of the eeptured indians was not long in cominge in Sen Diego received a fairly sccurate sscount of the and wrote to lartisex to woke an iavestigation of te report that Sve nen and en equal nwiber of women had been captured or had surrendored, not in time of action, snd hed Doon killed by gun shots, lance thrusts, or ar ow wounde, snd finelly hanged, and that three other women, Gaptured after the fight would have suffered the same fete except for the yrayers of the Christian indlsns of Janta Clare. [lcolss Berregesa (Borreyesal, lgnaclo Boson Gabriel Alviso, Pedro lesa, and twe others wore cited co wiheoizene Uplo, whose nccount is somewhat biased nd Bialy colored, s=ys that the original complaint wos nade by father iy In this t ney well have been msde for the purpore of discrediting Vellejo who had slreedy hed a number of disagrecments with “ut or Durén on the subject of supplies for soldlers. Ilowever, Vallejo wes exonerated by 2 HRT : sad at the request of Father Dupda, the governor pardoned ho 3 : r 2 they were present then when they were sisent™. for the time Wing, and although it wes not long before the igdians wore sgein scilve in this region, Vallejo was not them ln this region oxoert a8 the whole of Northern CU: lifemnls his Gores | . 2 eroft eo, pe 18) : sehssndfa bt: Commsadeat of Ss “rencisce, Smn Diego, Cote 7, 1029, In in this perdon is the feet het the !ndlens wore 8coused of killing > podities. Govemor Pigueros's fe: tion of trust and sompmetbidivg 12 elation to 1 Since Sea Premed wes of thet $ine the ost x ofrthert the position of comu sidorsble resemblance to thet of Jefe de ho Lrontexs del | Jo loter helde The mew co mendant took his duties sericusk were not too numerous snd lenves were susy to obtain; the territory ¢ be puarded wes extensive and with the oor transportation fuollition aig fioult to veneh from hesdquarters. Ve find Vallejo demending thet i second pledrap of the — lon Ramin Hodrfques, shall be rocellied from Santa Jarbara, since the — far from belong sble to agate one of its of ficers, needs two extra ones to make it possible to 5 on the nerth side of tie Bay in elose sonnsction with the Jan rafeol end Uelano missionss This he considered all the more imperative t a . thay might not become objosts of ridicule to the Hussluns loeated at Port loss, & not unlikely possibility vhen negotiations were entrusted entirely to an "ignorant and unintelligent corporsl®. The fugitive neophytes wore a problem here alsos The nearness of the lwssiens, thely : doalings with those sane fugitive Indiens, the reported bminont visit | of the lussien governor from Sitka, oll caused Vallejo the srontest dhiin oty and led him to urge upon Gover #lgueros the oatablishmonk of a military vost on the frontiers vange, the early set levents in the valleys nerth of the lay were av * Vallejo to Pigueos, p— 51, 1833, in Yeliojon Ne Coy Hy 29, 28. uve ot ye asd wah “ tien Who. Jaton | Sol ‘goss. “he ‘otelwie colony, sloo, ehort 6s its duretion was, helped { lay the foundation for friendly relations with the neighboring bi vat y S48 48 She ViSth Ye Tors Ross and Bodege had ite uno us an explo of vhet could be done. The Indian velatlons of the town of Sente Ans y Verfas were mainly unfriondly, snothet rosson for thimking thet it was located fer= ther north than the other setilements. Vellejo had slrecdy begun a modest dwelling for himself snd feit confident that la time he would have been able to reduce the Indiens to obedience, when the colonists, mostly of the Pairs end Hfjar group, refused to romain because of the varie : character of the neighboring Indlanse Chelr fear would seem te have boon justified, for ValleJo found it necessary to ave his troops slesp fully drossed, with their snddled and bridled horses fastencd to Stokes at the foot of thelr velse It was also during the short while that ha he was here that he engeged la hls second serious Indien cempalgne Te 14 2b AJR ban i» 4 Calnsmore lndisn had stolen a fine mule from Vallejo and taken refuge meong the Setiyomis. Vallejo promptly sent sn interpreter te doxend his property and the thief, but the amiusgedor was selsed snd bound sll over his body with fino tiongss Thus bound he wag left where he would readily be found by the soldiers in the morning, 8 indesd il, 10. 1. Valloje, Ys Guy 4 al He a TR Vallejo with his put in 6 warm bath te reduce tae swelling snd stationed watch the posts at do what they could to give relief. the victim had fully Rare & | | Although Governor Plgueros had given strict orders to only ss a last extrenity, it 4id not soon adviseble to let chief of the Setiyomis. Zhis Grafty warrior hed prepered ea % 8 ravine, where he had stationed his wen armed with flint-hea sliejo and his troops approached thay wero showered with with arrows. A close battle lasted for three hours; in 1 When Vallejo was tadly bruised, six soldlers killed and this in sddition to the loss of thirty allied indians who were imsedictely hanged. Vallejo wes ultimately vichorious, ot least | his enesy to flight and took three hunired prisonors, counting wen, we and children. | Captain Selvedor Vallejo was somt in pursuit, fol dimas to the mountains of Jendocine county. There, in some con longing to the Yuvecheas acd Soquees ludians, he found o friendly { wre ladlan who had been made FPABOnEr, bound with fine thongs in the > A hay stom 3 Lodisns, thoroughly familiar with the sssarbled to the sndber of two thousand ln place ealled Sabie { the Velle del Tuche). Finding thomselves still so nwserous, they old to zomew he attack, the second within forty-oight hourGs They were . deceased and two hundred or more killed, neszly all by sabre or lence vo showing the hand-to-hend eharccter of the battle. Thinking that they would now bo convinced of his su eriority Vallejo sent te offer them peace, but they proved ss haughty as Tot only wes the offer scorned und the ressengeTs agen mistreated, but Lamedlate meegures were taken te secure i sliles. ‘hile those were Yeing sssenbled, they hnrussed the roar suspd and nade it Ey for Selene to performs hls tesk of keupling the line of sommanioation open and sending up supplies. ‘sllejo's position wes now precarious, sll oe moye 80 Lecsuse veny friendly tribes begun to grow timid, and the ning meres appeared only to be walting an opportunity to go over to the GNGNY. Vory fortunately for him, Succare did not dare risk enothor genercl ate teak since his warriors, also, were met ou home ground and wove burdened by the necessity of cexrying their provision along with then. Jolano, therefore, was able to fulfill his trust and a eln proved ry of the Lplielit faith in wiigh ho was held. In the esfecnay Vallejo sent Francisco Solsnp a, sho ghlef's brotuer with despatenes to Covarnor Flgueros, informing him of the situse A OL Lo Wier 0 tion and requesting lmrediste reemforcement with three hundred men, that is If the political venditiocn of the provisce would / Plguerve wis no longor » rateh for the white ven and cure bo te tages of his good faith twenty of his prineisel tuum all stolen horses cad free all ceptured nd tanss hase he corriod out faithfully with the exception of returning somo | 01 : vhich, he elaimed, hed Leen esten. Figaoron ade the best of ™ tion aud pretended to Le satisfied, apeeialiy since 13-noalth ob S- him to retire. Ly The cempelgn, then, resulted favorsbly on the wholes he 1 dlsns were convinced thet they could mot resist the white men for ony length of time; the Sulsuns, Jonomes, and Liuticuts, already friendly, ware completely won over; and even the Calnatercs saw thet thelr vast tere:ts lay in conclliating the Unlifornisng. “This oroved of e little later. lowever, on hls veturs to lonterey Flgueren @itlons sugh thet he ordered the settlement sbendoned. Vallejo sad iit : g troup, therefore, roturned to San Francisco. pe 91 £84) 16 inclined to give the entire oredit of subdulng the savige tribes of the Forth to Gov Migueros, slthough he dees allow General Vallejo sad Captaly do with Solano's aid the glozy of holding then in checks Vellsjo © in many places agiuowledges his debt to ihe last two. 2. Valiede, ie Ge, I 131, 20 ff. mio tr eh stn cavalryuen of his t3oop were enberied on two he Say to tho Sonoma where, & rip thet ested two wes e060 ignorance of the currents. At Point lovato, the spot nearest thed ing plese, the Lndicns rushed dovn bo tho shores attempting to she landing boats with thelr arrows. hen they found that these aia no dmmpge becouse they could net vend then fay enough with sufficient Coy they threw themselves into the water, with the idee of bosrding the 3 nb v but many wee caught in the mud sad escaped with sone difficulty. Bose of the bolder tried te swim the mile and a half to the ships, but dischs from the oanbn es they oume near effectively frightened them off. The ser of these Indiens was estimated st sbout five hunived, althoush lator report 8 made it even Ay “hen the troops were again vesdy to land they made for the of Father Ventura Zortuni of the Sen ‘wfeel mission. Veo difficulty was encountered in disenberking, nor in the two days that they remained theres ‘fn foot, the wisdom of the prompt lesson at Yoveto wes proved by the rocdl- : noss with which the Licstiut tribe of this .eighborhood were resdy to agree to "live in full pesce and respect each other's rights and property”. : After the trecty was concluded, the troops wers again embaried and continued on thelr way making eaveful soundings to keep the channel. ifter thyee days of thls they anchored at Punts Polal, now sow Fidshipants | creo. An Lavestigetion proved the land route lmpresctlicable, so the next Horo Pulpule, clessified ss captain, sad Chief Solo w volve them vith tives fusend warriows, Sogethor with five si to drive the horses w lend end theix escort of two hundred 1nd the tribe of Jen Safar de. ‘guenule Tot gunk Zaveys 4 wie VPuation Vt Rika the suthorized of the ‘oxicen governments Pwo days lator Vellejo found hig small band of eight - : vo white nan surrounded Wy eleven thousand indlens, of whom only a third were of proved friendliness. Theve is little doubt that these figur 3 are greatly exngpers tod, but the cesential point of the situetion is not eltored, tie srall suber of wiite nen in comparison with the nunber ot indians, The difficully with socepling this secount 1s Gio fact that it makes no mention of the Jeu Solano mission which had existed for : ne ly ten yosre in the weglon to which they were going, clthough 1t does ad not expressly state thot they were advenclng inte new territo orgs Wa had hirgelf spent at losst six wonths just before this at the wim seoularizing it, which of course explains the presence of the frig wily indlonge it is quite possible that the conference of chiefs for the maklng of treaties had been delibersialy planed to lupress the co onlets He nay also heve wished to symbolize to the .ndiens the importence of is new position as representative of the exican governiante Ove fonture of Ysileje's sugeoss with the Lodtans derive frou having the wWilte men muon; Shen, uaking thé prectic tion thet the white men could sid them to mmihilate the Jab. Fomis thelr allies. Te vouched for Vallejo's Srestworthiness and ex re - a hie intention of resslning or lesving with Vallejo. he lndiens reed: ; ly sesented to his remsining, shouting thelr "eul aul” of thelr “lorpal lorpal™ to urge him to continue. he speeches lasted until the arrived of Vallejo's soldiors : with gifts, when they were somevhat ebruptly terminated by goneral CG 5 sont. he chiefe were properly gretified by thelr gifts of vad and blue ‘blenisets, tobooeo, and beods of verious colovse in return they luvited . Vsllejo to en Indien femst, at wich they presented hin with a bundle of Jevelins sad o quiV¥er of arrows. “nen the dmnce begen, & Sigh Taligje sppaceatly never tired of deseriving or seslnge The thousands of | — wom end worn, ll moving grecefully to their dhsnting, tholr Savege Gog= tumes, all secased to him to contribute to «ake an carthly rervedise. his time he was recoiled to the earthly side somewhel suddenly by the dh of one of the sentinels guarding the horses. (t proved, however, to he only Yefael Garefa, one of his most Prusted soldlers,with five hand rod wore indians of the Licstiut tribe, wie alse wished %o ses Vallejos In the morning Soleno wes host at & broaifent of pinele, fish, | duck, and venison. After breakfast the troops reunted acd started for Sonoma, aceopanied by the Jonome Indlens end the 7lve hundred Licstiute who hed arrived the night before. Chay encamped near the — of a stress called Ui Whose name translated inte latin became tint of his tenis in e circle with the horsee and precaution wes pertially due to the vickuity of the or “guapos”, vho were perticulsrly fond of making night as Vallejo exslains, "they have wasy Albino Indians who see bots : 2 than ty ry | The festivities ware by no wesns over; the nest group In gala dress of shells and beads ap rosched the with their rusleal lustruments. “rom their midst stepped giilef vedlicine man, os Jokasan te prosent the iavitation of the f to do but accept with good grace and present Fetroneo with horses Although Vallejo himself could find uo exeuse sop Sit attend the dences and gemes thet followed, he was able to keep half of his sol Glers at & tine of work. On the last day ho entertained the ahiefs in Sonome as elsewhere. One of the Ghorges nade agelnst them was Shet ‘they hed used tho money pro-ised the colonists to buy presents to win the tadisins for She opting pad sumer of 1836 vere tx ties with the various tribes. of the peace made in 18:3, to stop the slealing of ! vent their sale. One of the subordinate chiefs, “satisge, capturing four out of & drove of elght horses that lad been stolen donome snd sold to Coton, a chief of the Uuapos {Satiyouis). passed over im silence, but when Santiago & fow deys later mission to go beyond Santa lose fishing and gathering seeds, he hed | the bemks of the Satiyenl Alver when he was surprised and by Coton. Jove twenty were killed, Fifty or more wounded, snd one PrLsOners he sattor was reported provptly to Vellejo, but the hor | nearly three months prevented his punishing this breath of the —l ! the frontier. On the lst of April he started _ with £ifty sen, aoe corpnied by s hundred natives snd the whole tribe of Usynamfs. he Guspos, in socordsnce with thelr ususl tuctics, were entrenched in the nountaing in what seared en impregnable position. Rain was | asd not relishing e adege in & spring stom, Vallejo decided to ty ing his forces into tw: divisions, one under Solvador, the other wider his own A siultensous sblesk of tise two fron the sides, “hey wore protested by vscsn, yroved effective and ie Guspes fled to Reo punishment ss Indians vho felled to keop thelr agreements. Very short iy after Vrllejo's retura to Sonus, tie three Cnotros, Josquta, Aton and Vietor - not the pase fonily as Vellejo's friends, 8s ho ia se to explain = traders, who usually abided by Yallejo's soevhat striet interpretation of the law, ame to Spnte lose and began to trade wien the indlange “he frontier intelligence service scons to Lave boon for the cormesdant learncd at once of thelr sctivities end sent watch them and detain them 1f necessary. Joon corplaints begen to ” in frow the indlensy they hed carried off men to work at Sem Pablo in nace of the commander of the place; they had taken veylous articles; 1 i had bought children, taking them from their parents by force. Aogng bh vether large nusber of Indlens that thronged Jonoma wes the father of a little threo your old girl. Sergeant dntonic Fbiis was dospitehed to San Hefeel te bring the Costros bak, peaceably or by force. Then Pola returned with hig prisoners thay wore brought befe so Tallejo sod Sat % (1s Yelleje, le Ga, | 2. Report to the governor, April 8, 1880 in Vallejo, Us Guy 111, 108. : » Side Hl, 195, od 8 less legible copy of the sano letter in MSU Ald a Tey he little E151 was taken ros than and 1. Sars we Susan eu p—t onghasiged tic an example of them $n ovlar 40 onfaree FempOst for EutGFILY, 60 on a frontier whose exlatence depended on the with the indlens, pointing out also that it was one thing to wor " 2 submissive mission Indians end quite smother to trest the uncivilized ‘dloms in the sane mi 4 rather similar incident two years later vhon Jolsmo was guilty of the same offense of selling children to slavery. “he affolr itself wis of no great Lmportancey but oy : sorve: with the Castro osse to illustrate that phese of Vellejo's = nant oF the fronticr bo which Dumowoft rightly attiibubes mah of hig success in controlling the indians, namely hls liberal snd just | of them when ot peace end "his prompt and sovore punishment of way mnie festation of hostility” even on the part of his alltony For some rocson, whether the jualousy and envy of himself to which Vallejo masigne it or not, sone strangers from the South, well & plied with the little red pottery Jers full of Peuvien ples. 6 kind of : i viandy, cene to the neighborhood of Sonoma supposedly to trade for 08k Tey memeged to Get Seleno and other Suisun and Ceinamero chieftains : TN to A ; drunk and scoured tieir convent to sllow cortaln persons, Kidnep lndiasns ¥ge ~ , vont to guint the ¥moeh at Joscol, as wes ares wore sent to the other side of the without thelr Having abundent proof thet Solano hed been Jo ordercd him arrestd, elthough his propexstions show wet he tho seriousness of the moves All the white wen were put expre supply of powdde was ordoved fron Tort lose: tie OHB We stocked with foods When Jolene Gsme he wes fire accused of his ot and Dasberous sot, then shut up 1a tho gus:d=houses all arrest generally imown than there wes gost confusions The | Jo, end Celosmere Indisnc srwed ther selves snd hurried to 7 was soon filled with angry Indiens shouting vengeance sad resdy $0 1 Selano at any coste Vallejo stood hic ground ond order:d the so. a , he hed stationed about the puard-housc to fire on anyone Rp — circle of yeatas be placed around thom. Somewhat disconcerted w fro attitude, the indians collosted into groups to discuss plans. in the meantime Vallejo sad Antonio Pena wont to {Vellejo's) reputation se by any deep comvictlon of sullt, and PE nid 0 to do all in his power to right matters. Uis words are intorasting, x aE NA ra eT am the over of neany grein-f. lds, my eatile nwsber move then two i eount Satiyoml childyen by the dozen, and if the conncndant wishes to 3 tuke thes from me e8 punishment, i will tell my people it is as it should bos" Vallejo pointed out that all this would not repair the evil he bad Grane aut thet LL thet was esSEERd of BI ws She ts of Whe & plot egeinet the ventral to engsge his subordinate. Vallejo iusued a ows and Solano’s attitude; messares were taken for the turn to 1836, the indians next appesr in tho rele of sllles. Vv received perenptory orders tt hand the gaxrisen over to his comand end report at Touterey at once to render an aSCOWNt of his ana ments “ig started Lmoadintely with two assistants and got as tor os Sen Josd. Here he met two Soitan traders, “ulogio Gelfe sud Federico Jelcay, who warned him not to appear before Goversor Chico unprote for, according to thelr story, he was "a veritable Tiberius with the a brutality of Usliguls, the horrible hypocrisy of Clauvdius, and tho lume Fo puience of Tere”. They told, too, of the srrest of Jemlngo Usmirille and the princiosl wan of lonterey. Vallejo weturncd to Sonoma with all haste to meic veady en fm pressive escorts “his consisted of twenty-two soldlers, ten citizens woo he trusted, sight Suisen indians, two Jetiyomis, two lapajos, sad ae two Calinwneros, all sree to the teeth. nie motley but imposing vend is 111, 329. The dete of this pps 209 and opposite page; SRELE, 186, V, 208, 2064 gu, %, 25. Ee row) - 60 as not to weary the horeess jo's estate in the Pajaro valley thoy secured the — of if necessary. lt wes,therefove, nearly two weeks bi ed ut the Governor's door after forvation. The door wes opened by sn old nen in & green | and enowmous slippers, who, mueh to the hoyror of Vallejo who ws Some. : thing of & dandy, proved te be Uovernor Chioo himself. Chico iateet the scorn in his replies aud withdrew, shortly eppesring in uniform wi the remark, "Alfbros, here is the Comendente Conewal of the Seliforn a Vallejo them presented his order, whose date gove Chico a dines to alr the aunoysnse he must heve felt at his subordinabe's eriticism, even th it had been unspoken. Vallejo wee ready with oxcuses; the noocss ity 0 srronglng for the security of the frontier, the delay vcvasioned becaw; no boots or su plies had been sent, the im ossibility of going around y the bey, the warlike tribes thet prevented fording the rivers. he ment beoume somewhat hested, Vellejo finally informing the Gover while he himself wes in the government's employ, his soldicrs vere wot, but were clothed, paid, and maintained nt hls p rsonal expense. A hestd ly drawn map convinged Chico of the size of the dey snd he adltied : Jo's excuses, though quite probably the troops aided in the declel io Hinen pence wie restored the Governor questioned the Indliens by bribes and wes cosusod that Vallejo found it possible to live song such nabers, a bit of flattery that undoubtedly helped hin in Vellejo's estems. The outGone wes that Vollejo was retained in his tae = . i b 2: politiesl enemies, seting through tho ted to seduce Vullojo's Sonos troops, ‘the more especially his chief allies, the Sulsuns and fowers who soted 8s cooks for the avis wie oF | dered to prepare = surprise party for some of Vallejo's favorite soldier in the house of one of thom. “hen all were assenbled good wine wes : sorved asd the conversation wus graduslly led up to the right pitah of adverse eriticisn of Vellejo's conduet. “hen Jon Angel declared of that he wes, authorized by ‘resident Bustasente of exiee to proncte then to eomoissions 1f they would csplure the Generel vile he was selec end deliver him to be taken & prisoner to lexico. Uf course the whole thing wes o fiction and nelthor 1d it heve the desired effuct. wg | rushed ab him sad, making him prisoner, were sbout to teks him te Vellejo, wher Le begeed permiosion to go to his room to got a coat as it RE Lei ing horde Cues in the ruom he locked tho door end nade his escape by | wey of the window to the company’s chapel, undoubtedly thinking it calovalt the right of asylums 1% wes, however, the property of the soldiers, whe he! built it with their own money, snd thus it hed nome of the rights and privileges of church propertys Vallejo, therefore, hed him taken to tho gusrirhouce 8% nights “wo days later at the earnest request of @optédn TONY Fliguaron, & fallowecountryman and fellow~prisoner on this or a reviocus oescsion, femfrez was given hls liberty vith a warning not to repeat hls attempts his proved effective as for as tuo majority of the GonEplrem tors were congerned snd, slbhough Semfres imsclf eontinued hls plots, \ 3 i i ho ¢id not temp r with the Suisun Lodisns again. 1. Yellejo, Ys Gey i 1. “here shell be friendship between tho Gorm {Bosoms) sad the tribes of tie Juapes, GBilitoy, inssctoy, toy, Chorsuptoy, ete., whose principal ehiofs are Cotto, and Lilse on the » Soot nid Sot ont yet on the este spot whieh is not malarial : end which satisfies the ES — who cove out to choose the place, first consulting the chiefs. Je Tugltives sad other Christians who desire to take thelr villages shall be handed over when demended by the commends 4. The fields shall not be burnod in ime of aroucit on text whotover, but If this is done by other trives the ontrseting shall not be held rosponsivle, but they shall do all in thelr — provent it. §. he villages of the tribe of Cogan shell bo the sere manner on the condition that both tribes, thet is the and the Supes shall keep to their own land without troop ‘batting white aggression, or instigated by the scents of the o inbopostéd ln the region, or mesely So mie himself powerful neighboring tribes, Zampey storted a gives | chief of the Sulsuns and to win over the allied Lou battle in this wer, which lasted ovir a year, was fought of July la the region southwest of the place now known "» the and was with the Satlyenis, who used the occasion for an atteoke | sulted in & vietory for Vallejo, but ab tho expense of cwnside soble 3 ship end loss of men mad animals, » personal loss, since the the Jatiyomis was undertaken by Vellejo at his personal expense and an agent of tive givers in this uprising the Satiyunis £011 2 usual plen of settling an msbash end it wes dus to ‘Bolane's imovledge of © thelr nothods thet Vellejo ves saved fran being casght ln their traps 1. Vallejo to Chico, ume 7, 1836, in Vallejo, is Ge, 319; Chico to Vallajo, June ils 1826, in Jide, 111, 217. dine Fibs ¥ a at ls = AE vad ai Pn RE Jo 834 ail In his pover te sow us nosows one nots 1y for this puspose end partly ee a roward for So] ang recent tattle, wes the presentation of a gerd of nr, of fomty-tour Suisun end Fapajo Indimng under the Command of Sabag ‘erafndos, whom Val ajo now made second 11 4 aily a pert of the republic's treops. Vith the inteation of & to Solano's fondness for display, the uniform wes usde as possible, ©» cape, & short Jacket, & short linen clon, regulation Sst trousers, and eap, shoos, imopesck, blankets, ani saddle bags he indians, Senite Vallejo and Telmo Cenedo, wore named soporalss had previously received the gift of a £120 hoyso with sliver tae plage, a silver watch, and fanoy riding boots, & gift which he roburned itn . valuable furs, skins, dried fish, ote. for he verely sliowed hincole to be the debtor In an exchenge of presente ime fine dey he was ed and sppoared on his nev horses. “he guerd we walting, drew: w i full dress stindi Vallejo made a complinentery épeech of presentation end withdrew, Solono, much pleased, excuined wha subjects’ E ™3 new equipment, and in his turn eddvessed then, telling than they pr Yo mow be sure to reguite the Ueneral's snd Salvador's kindness by bring~ | ing in thelr enemy Zempey. This, se Vallejo poiste out, was the of a Toniee", for Solenn'e personel interest in getting rid of his power ful and dresded rivel wes the predominant one. “he gusrd did indeed | prove vary useful in the Yololtoye-Sstiyoml war and for two yours loat le Yelieja, * Gay § 4) tn 189, © At shout thls bine. othor pe that o stronger force wes needed on the border for | the savege indians. His suggestion of a second not so weeeptadble. Vallejo rogerded this end Chico's for his victory as flattery, and Chico may have hoped to use this tional force in his own diffioultios with the Csliforniense accuses Vallejo of clways having troops enough on the roster : whan his friends sekol for thes to use in the Sent: it is true | an @xcusd wes usually forinoeniag at any sagpestion of diminishing ! n Sonome. garrison oven for a short time. In the period Lol at lowing, with the establidhment of the Alvamie goveranent the | frequently avoso and some excuse for sending other troops, the nilitla of San José for exemple, wes elways found. It iz only felr te thet this year or so in which Vallejo wes most often culled fres the frontier to attend to political affairs at Jonterey and clsevhore, TR TS El ru RISE Lo 0B QE Poe ey rot OF wee procisely the time when sn indlen war continued beyond tho fires or gocond sition: 1s Vallejo, : He Guy » Ho Hay ~ = apatidi 151, 525 and paaBlm. 111, 124s 8. Veligje, Ue Gey Hiator to send two expeditions at the sumo time; one te help the lapajos £ 4 Gampey hiweelf, since it was felt thet his destruction wes the © ig # estantigunont of Alverado's goverment mad sult Lr ™ . with the Soligonts sod wos ab ape. Point with five Nemsived : a Ho hed alrondy killed seversl friendly chiefs. Vallejo st ome 5 lod by six of his best soldiers, to Soma v0 lane 1I, fight Zenpey. to himself wag unsble to leave Fentorey for weeks longer, but then his escort of forty-five soldiers nef | 2 a eronged the forte at Sonowa. Upon his srrivel Selveador confi | ; Zz news and it was declded to warch egalist dempay et once. “he j of sssuring the peaceful colonization of the lmpe Valley. Dhis 8 tion was to be commnded by Solanp snd Scivedor Vellejo. The be’ not the slightest doubt that his lieutenants could soeovplish it in glx or eight days, especlelly since Solano had slvesdy come to an andes - standing with weny of the Yoloitey chieftains. The second asviston ¢ of the expedition wes to be sent out against the Setijomis, vho for some. months past had again beon showing considerable astivity and ned so for forgotten the lesson of thelr past defeats that they were stealing h bl o i. They srrived “eceuber 12th. o 2e ‘lg loft on Christues Yay. 3+ ValioJo, ¥» Gey 111, B06, 268. GL i Se ar i a eS SS ‘routs, for he wes omitting no preceution to secure the overthrow of his . RE ‘ aati z Soles, vhen swooned, very moh disapproved of the other a of the plan, that is the iatentlon of merching egninet the Yolo! ys ton days’ time. fle pointed out that Zampay was clever, that he hed spl about snd knew sll tho plans wede ajainst hin, So that it wes ud gurprige hin and the only way to conguer him wah to watoh his y cloverness as ;reat or greeter, as mere foree would be of Little BO. ile wos sble to give & very sseurete report of Zampay’s fovees and DOVE vival for the control of the peuple he had so long ruled. Vallejo was couvinsed thet ‘Solano was rizht and consented to deley his campaign ui the end of the following orig, Peitien difficulties delayed it gtill further end il was N until the swmmor ® nt Seivedor received orders to nape sgelnst the Yolote toys with she forces under his cosmead , sscisted by Solenss Orders were especially insistent that they should use great care to trast the tribes through whlch thoy were obliged to pess with all possible consideration tuat they mizht be won to friendships Ay this time lotf, another ad : perhaps the hesd chief of the tribe, had promised to hand over Lawpsy. : & it was in this expeetation that the expedition wes sent. Without 1. Vallejo, ile {ray i 2. Abide, 111, 281, 1X1, E90. Be July 2B, 1657. x 3 oR | nls pe 100, places the date of the o —_— Si smpelition soburnad vo Somme quarry who hed finally been taken with a lesse by the Yellejo was for puting Sampsy to dosth at onee, a considered Justified for the safety of the luhabitants of the : but Selene begred in the nome of friendship and expodiency to i . life seveds Tho Ceneral ylelded,somewhat ystified at this part of Solano vho was Aol usually averse to harsh moans, he hed elected to show his elemency in the ease of his arondod Captain Salvador was able to throw some light on the subjects hom : Sespey had been euptured, Coatua had sugested hanging hin st noo, Solano aispunted him, seying, "Ierpay desd cen mot Le of any Way wat hanpay living oan serve 8s a hostages Solano oars up se thoy vere Sa discussing the matter, and when Sslvador, with wow he wes friendly, guostioned hin as to his plang for Sampey he admitted his motive for paving his life was to heave tho tial In his epinion in holding In po” wie . cr of a with whom the colony was surrounded. Bunpey was therefore put under Jolano's custody and the totter wos made responsible for seeing thet he did not escape from Sonora. Sulsuns sctuslly rofused deeds to the land they considered wrightfu ef the Sethyomis, sent envoys who begged to be heuxd as they wished to the tewver of peaceful citisen, oultivating his fields and raising stock with industyy, and when he died at a ripe old age he left his gone o able Ny | is & further reward for his services in the campaign Val! secured for Soleno the forsal grant of four leagues of land on the Sul: Solano had, of course, owed or at lesst controlled rmach more land tn thie veglon, but he had coded it to the Nexican governmuest through Vallejo vio now took this measure for his asiabtion Usually the 1odiens ! to understand the white men's idess of ewnership of the land and thought themselves still ss much the owners 8s in the old deyss Some of the 3 theirs. A fou dnyes after the capture of fiempay, the very day, in fect, after he heed the news, Sucesrs, chief arreng;e a truce. geded zs he wes at lontevey, Vallejo wes very to von to Sams, bub he wes ether suspicious still of his long-stending eneniess However, he nmsed & pleco end o Lime for e meeting, but 1y stipulated the musber of warriors thet might acommpary Julcaras he candi tions were accented and the meeting eld st the rongh ef Nicolls 1. Vallejo, a Gu, Hiskoris de Celifogmig, 111 Soe ibide, 111, 23%. | | 4 article = the military forces of the free state of Alte a 1 naidng & treaty of pesce thet 18 to put a wk fo ood a re fist the contreeting parties have beau engaged in with each other for engages to give orde:s to Lhe overseer et his rench et Petalune to do- liver wosily to Chief Succars,or hoover represents hin oleht steers and WO 0OWSe Article 5. Succavs in his own name and thet of the Satiyoml natlon uwsdertenes the contract to hand evar wey wey aes ws 0 int at Somose two bears of Foguler sise which Wild be Gonaidored strom; enough to fight with savage bulla. : Article 4. As a goarantee of the good faith of the Sesigont nation, the great Chief Sucomrs will send to reside in Sonoma his bro Ocli-Vonge, nd his sons, lpuy Sucesre snd Calpels Sucears, who shall be treated, az long ss they conduct themselves well, like Ruselsn : Article 65. The Great Chief Sugcara,under pain of sootng his. relatives shot and the delivery of the cattle mentioned in article 2 of 0 this sgreemant stopped, promises in tho most sdlemn memmer it is poss! to conceive to fulfill vhatever do ands the Souuudante © oneral. os who, after commiting thefts or murders, tase refuse in Ng Ge Under mo pretext shall the nation cone to tie valley of Sonome dn muzbers this,enly when they heve given dus notice fo the in his shounce, tu She sudler officer Yu commnl o% We fork of in the interval. Article 7. The vives of tho Sabiyus verciors sey sen So the fort of Jonous to tho number of one huuved provided they do mot oo-cenlod weapons and the object of their visit ls wmcemwent or tyadi Ayticle 8. The - @nd, in his sbeenos, the senior officer of the gerrison at Sonoma shad not send amed oxpedlilons to tne territory of the Jaliyoml nation ithe out previously having obtalued the permission of Juceswye or, in his ohm sence, that of twe of the pringipel lesders of the Satiyomise Article 9. The chiefs of the Satlyomis promise to deliver withe in the space of one moea in the valley of Sonone or at Fort doss all the | children of the Calnacero and Sulgun tribes thet they have taken prisency in the course of tho liegt threo yenrea Article 10. The Sguan “arlano Guadalupe Volleje, will give orders to his overseer at the Petolwrss rengh to neve a saddle horse with harness delivered to Jugense ov his subordinate in the plage at Sonos or at Tors “085. viicle li. Ihe Grest Chief Juccsrs and the lariene Gusdulupe Vallejo, mske themselves watuelly responsible for the dempge that thelr respective follow sitizens may fnfliot on the other contracting party and thelr value shall be pald in tho menner the Lo cerlior one quoted, es well as bie fet that pe to be made at Veliagots roroonad snares wy bo ble growing t's abl 8 spotoction of lis northern eronttor dartag Bile period when 14 2 cially uneble to pay for 18s om dufances The ¢ poid tn | seas rether high for the three points gained: the rovusm of th : ehildren, the promise of indemnity for injury and the from raids, with the virtual imprisonment of “uccers’s broth : io objestion was nade to the latter provision “hon the tries | | wid Interproteds ALL four made their crosses, Vellsjo doing tho 8 ghet thors might be no distinetiens Jolans I, Septein | : Captein Selvedor ‘allejo, snd Thomss Yent slgied as witne | ne truge ves folloved ss usual by She yrcsntebion of on bath sides; to 5000, bends, Liaskots, and seleved nandkorshiofs £2 Yellejos fishing nets, Wlankebs of Diads' fiathers, debed fh, nd sking frou Buotars. ost of the latter wewe tumed over bo redistribution avong his vericus allies who would have been all wo 3 to resent with bholr bows nd errows aay tendency om Vallejo's rt to : | : aie move than his share. Aha Sly Wu witu) peselleg” va od by & dncee mad fomst lasting threc days mcd thie hy twe days of © fishtisg vhich, as prectised by She Indigns, differed sorovhat trom the Spenish vethods Tho bulls wore lassoed aod thelr fevefost Lied : i 4 4 : so that they could not move. Then an Indian moun ted snd his feet were tied together by & cord passed under the animal's body. ' The cord ~~ , | & wad dosh which hts rider a to his torvor and 1n a cuoxt wile two ox treo whose polite wore nade of £1 cutis pride, of course, making him still further ma wo on 108s of blood he was gs Lassoud end Uh Indien olioved So mount. ‘hese wove varied by fights between bulls and beers, but the. indisns preferred the former as it gave thes & chonce to take perts 4 When sll the lndisns were satis ied wit the entertainment they had received, Sucosrs teok his leave eontent. Je had, however, used the interval In discovering he siadl nusber of the white men snd the insdequaey of thelr protection ad within a month after his veturn home had opgealzed another campaign spainat the batiromiaer Zhis campelgn is chiefly lanteresting for the treachery of the Usinemero Indlens, whose loyslty hed probably been undermined by Sugars oven at the time the truce was being nade. At the time Jalvae= dor Vnllejo wes sway on leave and Cayetonme Juflyoz, his usuel substitute, weg dsngorvusly ill, but an officer naned Pifie, proswssbly not the atorist of the istenislae campaign, offered his sorvices although he wes Not & mom bor of tue companys “ince he had a veputetion for bravery and wes on aX varienced officer, Vallejo put him in commend of the veusuard, the post of honey. Fis troope were mostly composed of Calnamsere Indiens whore tyecche “ous test; with tho Jetiyomis wes, of Go¥se, mot known % the bine. AY the first discharge of srvows snd stencs, vhlch were Lor the most part alme ed high, they peonptly fell te the ground as if mortally wunded. Pifia le Yollejo, de Gey 4 wel Ah G6 So inh o iV, 6d, 22 PF He 167 | 4.4 his best to get them up, but finding it impossible snd being himself ‘badly wounded, he hastened back te seek Vallejo. Juestioned ss to his troops, he reported that he had left them on the field of battle dead or seriously wounded. The dotolls appeared suspiclous te his superior of- ficer, and ms he hed not the slightest doubt that the Usinaueres had in- formed Sucears of all his plens, he did not think it advisable to risk going through the woods between him and the Setiyeml villages with his depleted forces. le therefore dedided to return to Somoms for reentor- cements. Hig return without prisoners sud the other signs of victory started & rumor that, by the time it reached his velatives in San Diege, pictured the fort et Sonoma surrounded by twelve thousand Satiyoml war- riors. Fortunately for their peace of alah letters with a true secount of the affalr arrived shortly afterwards. Barly in the suwmney of 1058 there began an epidemic of smallpox which raged for several years snd greatly reduced the number of Indiens ~ estimated as desiroying as much as two-thirds of thelr number or sbout sixty thousand iil 1% was thought to heave come from the Columbia River distri by way of the Pugsian forts, viendo it was brought by Ignacio Lirmmonte, Valleje's resular sgent at the Hussi- an Boatee General Vallejo did all in his power to encourage the use of veccination, urging the civil and military suthoritles, ss well ss the aduministretors of the missions to gee that its use was explained to their 1. Vallejo, ¥» Gu, Historia ds Celifornis, IV, 222. (3+) Xbides 311, 383. Ss ARids, iV, B22. pee On, 13 . made the yaar before, | hey complained that the wy uelernes worse upon the party, the Indiens at first haughtily denied any knowledge of (1s Vellejo to Alversdo, ay 25, 1058 in Valiejo, Us Gu, Dogunecke of cRoin fields ty the Indians n spite of trues and About the first ef April of 1938 two chiefs of the Scams at Sonoma end clained protection in accordance with the res they hay thelr horses sud mules and that & VA party had ¥idled a pays of wie Cdyete runcherfa, onu of thelr own divisions, as & blisde Sotens vent gut to mect them snd as an eviie ce of their peod intentions was 3 aiden naved Yoto in a gorenony that gave an excuse for en eight Poy vireo Apparently ne particular cempalgn ageinst horse thieving Indians resulted from this ingident, though miner expeditions were ROO LOUONS, Duping the sumer & company of rifey men arcived sb Sosool wh. a drove of broken harses which they were driving porth te the Sncranecto River. Vallejo solleatad vat S200ps he could and went out to recover 8s much of the stoe as possible, hoping et the sane tine to give the in dlans o losson which would prevent further maraudlog. When tiey cave 89. loply of the administrator of San Jusm, provising his Goopores tion, fildes Vp 200. OF leo Jhides V, 132. 2. Oireular of warning to the militexy suthorities end sdministrators of the ex-missions, Somoua, lugs By 1696,in Aides Ve 124s ting en oppowtus unity to was LQGomp : lished te tholr sabi fierce attack which wes momentarily successful, for thoy gong and wounded three Californians, but it eaded la their Loa four dead on the field. The rozalider surrendercd snd spirsey to ottaci the Spanish towns at least as for south us fegording to thois confesslon o uusbor of tribes had banded i & plot for en organized rald on the horses of the Gelitorniens, P to drive then off to the land of the Voguelsmnes, where they ware. kopt until needed for food or sreding. One tride,the Sul ima, os elized in drying tho meat for jerky. Sowe, though not sll, the 10a wore mission indiana, ingluding Slnato, Crispo snd Hite, los al 2 Junie A: hee bee: sald, these deproedations were rather avuseat and troops were co tirually on the raph during these last yoors of ‘exten 3 2 rule trying to cheer Indien welds. Com lalute from lonterey wore og le © letter to an unmemed porsen, in Valiejo's handwriting, Vallejo, Me : Tavis, “s Hay a 128 fey =i ar ofl} no RRlanidron owew blow mabe soedo of Avis sl re ‘gunlalty ‘the otter from the comprny of riflemen (Uris ol rake & punitive expedition that would produce mttaer they two pesos & day o8 pays Vallejo cannily suggested thet thoi of! | scooptod on the eosdition thet they SIFLLL thelr proaise vafore ace! He _ ing thelr extra pay. — ; he setes at the Indisn thrents to attack Jontereys le 41d esll in as many said ar os ss possible to Sonoma , bub the remson wes probably fear of the ups Lan 3 ‘ which was lutense at this period, rethex than any intention of an lato at Indien ceepalgne Political affairs also oocupled the attention of ell to sugh an extent thet horse-stealling continued with little really sori~ ous opposition, though such owbditions ag wore planned were for the woat art Intended to check this thievery. The recsons for its growth were several. In apie of the plegue | the comparative musbers of the hostile Andiens hed inoreased, for the eivil wars had lessened the nuwnbers of the whites to & considerable degree and the Indians were able to see that all was not harmony between the chief civil and military siiiios. specially as many of the mission ladians had Joined shots brothers in the il hic enion wais rendered still more dengerous by deserters fron the inoressing musber of ships that visited 1+ Vsllejo, Xs Ge, = Hedley V0 218.) de Ihde Xie, Lisboxia de Cplifornip, IV, 28, 208; Ferndndez, J., Somes de Codifornis, ps 101. | Be Vellelo, Us Ge, Higtoris de av, 49, 62, 16%; Davis, W H., of sedldy a6 Yo sredims oid bonssesl had wise and teeding, 1% 1s rove than ane. n tad thing of thely market, in fal oinin ho vs Qorinitely forbidden by en o a, horse thieves iti Sonos: | However, the usasl plese for ai their surplus was the Columbia River districts indians, in per Demian end Crisostoms, ex-sission neophytes as their nmses would su oven wont so far ag to gontreot to supply the French Goma tans of region with Lundreds of good horses each moon although thay wore ot gaged in stock-raising, ss were certain of the nove honest ly Solemo snd Sempay after his ceptures [heir method wes to wid | p herd in the night, samp near it, and drive 1t off eb oie Se did this grow thet remching had becows unprofitable about Monterey and the South seversl yoers before the American occupation of California, and in addition 1t wae nearly impossible to find foramen who vould ” 8 : their lives outside the populsted districts. One of Valiejo's last 2 sete aT a pe 134) nukes the definite cherge thet Sutter bow ht stolen smles, horses, end entitle. la José do Jesus Vellajo {il elas Histérl ais order from da Gs Vallejo on July 26, 1643 points the sane wey, “Oince the frequent desertions of the lndlsas of this district to ave o fatal and all-powerful example for others and inaswuch as this office has definite information that several deserters ure at present in hiding in your settlevent with stolen horses snd goods, 1 have dered Lieutensutwoolonel Victor Mudén to set out to espture thems He will set under the instructions you have en the subjects "i styonely recurmend to you for the future not to cont ime p : fugitives of any inh dn yoweunt, 4 Captatn State was bringloag beck & few prisoners went, vat - and this 15 poo bly ax of pone of the lack of sucess during these years ~ ho got ato a1 ‘ties with the eivil courts who claimed his prisoners. Generel Val progtly made it clear to thom that Giey must not interferein nabiars pop taining to his jurisdiction se he would not in their ature. . but rather that you secure tham and send them to hls office with the horses and other property thet they may have] eto Wallaisy! He Coy Xl, 432%. TY s IV, 47, 167 8+ 1Bides IV, 557 = 360. They hed resson for thelr timidity: G.g. on Ysreh 22, 1037 a rancher named José Cdnchez wae murdered by ndiens and sone Ohristisn Indlsns killed ab the same ime (VelleJo, a Gay IV, 225); on Auge 1, 1858 Vellejo reseived a report thet s one Jote had been hanged by Indians who were burning the grein fields - near Sante Cruz (luid., VV, 122); oven the worthy Sulsums eve admit ted to have killed & Frenchmen, Pedro Dubese, near the Jolanc mission {ides iVy 112)e On June 4, 1043 three eitl- sens of Jonbersy complained So the governor that indian horse-thicves had 30 harssged them for years that they were forced to abandon their remchos on whlch they d sway the Indien canis emiayed os aids in the ario married to the oldies or Indien nen engaged In ce toms. “hey thea sold then $0 the indlens of the 51 was particularly troubled by this type of lying position of Yew Helvetia or beceuse he was engeged in " supr lying Indian maids to the cosst Soe During the sumer of 34 Sut.er made en eppeal to Uomeral Vallejo in hie official 1. Vallejo, Xs Ge, Llat Kr the earlier deye also. Yoscolo's and Hstunisleo’s revolt was to have hat this for its main motive, since two hundred neophyte g vere token off. (Davis, Ws He, July guote only one account}. 2. In Alvercde's promises a larger one soons in view of Vellejo's attitude on 2 ove] gubjeet it seens a little strange te find nin sroteoting ee of punishing him os he had She Castros and Solano only two year 5 bo= Toxo. oasibly Sutter's often elalued right ta the protection of a & foreign power, nov the Usited States, now Trance, may have the General to see the difference vetwoen selling slaves and condu 4 tne sn employment agency for laflam BOTVEISE. he practise was Tr ohly guite Summ, for 6 was one of the Gnsgos mado Just the year vefdre (Valiojo, Ms Os, SE sendy ovidon depredations near Sen Cy ; ther Jos de Jesus sad Alfbrom ‘redo Joes to Joaquin velley to arrest all sugpiolous Indians, while aud Salvador Vallejo were sent to gang the reglon of the the seme river and its Py Within Wires wesks the Sen J gompeny returned with six prisoncrs sad two young Suisun giris whom i hed rescueds One of the prisoners was the chief Colife, fomous | neriprandhip a8 well &s hls banditry, whe vee 80 badly wounded wat ho died in & fov Gogh The Sonoms company wes out about FE vouls wg | 1. "his campaign, ia vhieh ‘esa was wounded, took place In the latter pert of the year before (1838). Ihe Indians fwom the Tulares in which Vellejo's first ceampalgn wes fought were commended by the om neophyte Telmo. After thelr defeat by José de Josus Vallejo p ing horses from the nearby renchess Lt. José Jnrtfnes, sided by Dp. rotfrestod to the neighborhood of i larch and seen of hic compatriots, attacked them in Feb 1840, vo- covering five hunired horses and killing eleven werriows. Dr. Larsh and nis party took s few prisoners. (Vallejo, is Ge, LL O rescuing eight ludlan tole lors ging they lost five of thelr own mene sonra without any coromonys 40 avoid discussion aud save the lives, the General sent them on to Jan Frauclsce la chawvge of 0 pt: Sfnohes, wie groeduslly released them wit: the exseption of _ influentis) who vere retained as WIE it would seem that Sutter wes not very populer with the. of Vallejo's dovainss Uarlier in the sare yesr (1640) Alorios a of the Uainameres, had brought a letter from his friend Lloutensat Psrtines requesting Vellejo to force Sutter to keep his serosal to 2 rico, and when Vallejo refused on tie groun’ that the matter | the elvil suthorities, Alerico planned to take atiers into his and was srganlaing & band of armed Indisns to attack Hew Helvetia Genersl discovered this through the comsader of Soleno’s bodyguard, Fernfndes, and sumoned Alerice to him, delivering a Tezture and ing his two ¢ldest sons as hostages for hie gved behaviours : the medossity of aiding Sutter wae uot the only cese in sich the coming of forelyn settlers co pliceted the problem of guerding the frontier. Joseph Childs on hic retum trip soross the rouatains in 1839, bringing his will which he planned to set up at Sonous, was atts cod in the Zulares region end was obliged to bury his mill end seek sefotye | 1. Vallejo, He Gu, Be ihids, IV, 224. yadioy in comsend of thoiz shies Hs with Osptein Salvador, the Sonoma troops, ead the Julsuns by Solano weab out to meet them They were able to defest them “ limpn. and pursued then to Julpines vhers Sorolse and twentywous of his wer 1 ors wore Spirals The newcomers’ trading expeditions were iho sous of indians stiacke, ss, for excumple, when Jacob P. Leese roported sroudle with the Indisne as ho Crossed the rountalns on his return frou the Colum bie River in 1843. af from Sonoma to Sante Ines, Oolane and Jeptails Sslvedor Vallejo were collecting roguesting Vallejo to sgceyt the position of provisions preparatory to sn sttegk upon the Setiyomis who had assembled 5 on Mark Vest Uresk after considareble horse-stesllng setivity in the 4 : g Sonome and Teteluwse valleys. Contradictory orders becouse of the capture o l. Compare these names with those of the 1525 campaign, 22% Undoubt= 8dly the Teaguigines River later called ihe Sysnielanggooe its nee from this riba of Lachysimes. The name Ta is the somo ¥ as that of the resiepnd villags. 2a Vallejo, He Ga, ti Lari | leese to Vallejo, June 19, 1085, Vallejo, Ji. Ge, to stir up touble between the Suls allies of so wong yosrs® standings It mast be cdmit seme opportunely as an excuse for net obeying ! \ pend a fovee to los "mother ganino ox not, 1% were being trained at Huichios at the time of Vemsodore Jone? viste. Sonoma and 1t was one of their patrels under the oowwmnd of | were supposcd to bg aiding these mysterious errosted him and hls erty when they depurted from thelr i BLY If we may believe Bejorges, one of the soldieve of Indians differed little from slaving expeditions so soversly punished by the Genersl, croept that ne mony or gifts were exchanged with then the victims. According to Bejorges' stoxy, a party of about sitizens of Souome snd se many Indian allies set out for the Leake ¥ ig under Coptain Jalvsder’s command. After o five duys' march they lowes lake unknown bu sny of the party exeest the Sonoma Indien whe w acting se guides The Indisns, however, were apparently net u wien recruiting mothods, for wany showed vigns of fear and some had Tan The interpretor sssured ther wt thay had nothing wo wwey snd hidden. lo Vellojo, Me Gay I fons aah 2 iY of ake Boum Sapialn relstionss The Indians retumed the are with 5 presen und supplied inturpreters to 8 village a day's merch fas me stine sathots os before vere usedy ut whan tho Indians pF ved wiEseoptive to the invitation te come to Sonoma mad Inspect the place and re Fifts of Visniets, move violent -susures wore employed. The wore enticed into their temesosl where they were lurisened by the indian saxilieries. “hes wers them given the choles of burned to desth, sod choss burnings The reorulting party was sttecued wr the neighboring tribes snd escaped with a fow prisonors only after sover e fighting. The orizoneys were put to herd labor in eps and wore not too vell treated ia the matter of food and eile In the spring of the next year {1843} Captein Salvador Wiis snd Solanc wore sotually fighting the Setiyemis im Nendooing Syst ere they Bad Joined the Indisns of the region around Fendostn Suge’ The eompeign wac not especiclly suocesfuls “he Sonoma txeops appeared in the district shout the first of larch with a fore of seventy cavalrymen / bn and two hundred Indian suxiliaries. Their enemies took refuge on the 0 two islands off the cosets Since vou did not suffice to force them to the meinlemd from starvation, tule rafts were conctructed sad on the twelfth an attack was made on the lerpest island at about eight o'cleek in the evening, The Indian losses in three hours of fighting were very heavy in xilled and wounded. It was with the cruatest difficulty thet the Califesmiene were able to retreat to the meinlsad in the davis The next morning the lodiens begen to collect on the island in grest 1. Vallejo, Me Cv, Higtoria d 2a Dojorges, J., Loguoxdo melnlend » little farther to the south In spite of & awibor of a to withetand a farther abtaois This ws able to raid the mainland becuse of a falrly severe snow v stom th nade tule rafts impracticable. “he troops heid their agi from the Yubsgueos until the SHS when they wore obliged to . retreat from lack of supplies. Aosording te Dejorges, who vas a meme - ver of the expedition, the retreat had much the cherseter of & flight after sn Indian siege of Shely mountaln camp had nearly reduced them wo 2 starvailion. fhe public was rather at tho nudber of Indlens killed on these last two expeditions, partioulers 1y as the two wore conducted lu the sane general roslon and were confused in mony minds. Covernor .ichelteryena reguested an offigial stetanent from General Valiejo, or yashor Colonel se he now it, that might ve uged to enswar publie a iVieton. Taove is little doubt that Sslvadox Vellejo 1. Deojoxges, J., Lgguerdos, pe. 50 £f,, nekee no distinction between this campaign and the recruiting expedition of the previous fall. Thay can, however, be distinguished by the contemporary resorts in Vallejo, %y/230, XI, 566. Zs Uicheltorens to IU» U. Vallejo, April 26, 1843, 1s Vallejo, Ms Gay Zl, 3863 Dewis, Ys Bey 3 pe48 Ss The removal of the prisoners taken at Sacremento te San Francises (ps 168} is ane IBabanee. in Ypyah 1589, Vallejo and is brother nea o rather snusing exchance of offiolal notes (bough both vers in Suao= me) over this vatter aod seme others. Selvedor wes sGoused of heving unjuctifiebly attacked ad wounded 8 settler sid of heving besten end Soleno. Sulvador's weply doales the | when engry wes oscasionelly guilty of acts of whieh nis io cporove, i A vumor tant overnor iisholtorens lnteaded to 2 of his comand prevented 6 ronowel of the campelgn ae the trou quized to guard his property in c:se his sueceser should try to whe sion of the barracks, for example, since he regarded ell the uildings at Sonoma and all the equipment ss his jrivate property, since he had borne : sll charges comected with the puerding of the frontier for nine years without any ase’atance fiom the IN, Boling. There is « brighter cide to the picture. Few of the Californias Indians have boon tresied ss individuals In the accouits of thelr day, probably because they did not deserve it, but of the few is Soleno. Umcept for his one lapse from favor he continued to be the trust hie brother was not lmpressed, for be repeated the charges and resd a lecture on the duty of chediences. {Vallejo, Us O., Doguse 344, 345, 546) ie ARdbe, Xl, S48, 346, 564. 2. Vsllejo, is Ge, ba 1V, 63, 511, 328, 111, BOG, and elsevhere; o fairly strong statement of the cease, Lbid., 1V, 304: “it thet time (1842) the exlesa government did not have on the fre: tier a single horse, rifle, ssnnon, or soldier, since for ao long time there had not been a seldler in the garrison im this veglion ‘SORBENT ly exposed to danger whe did not vecelve his food and clothing from aay i save him cut of my kindness”, J. de d.Yallejo, {J Pe 141} says that his brother and hie wife oven wont to tho extent of selling thelr jovels to provide arms and £.ed for the yarrison at ono ms during the sine previous yours, during which it was malagalned at display, with a distinet sense of humor of & type Ltsely to be. Fr selves Soiriied hin 8s astute, with sll an Indi table for the victim, and finelly of a di 10 Loyalty | An emosing osse of his use im politics, souevhe: snalogo: is pom ported by Fernfindes. Alvarede end Vallejo, ns has been sald, wero not on the best of terms in 168%. Vallejo evidently thought the sogeslon the intimidetion of Govormer Chico earlier in Vellajo's ripe for a demonstration of his powers Therefore, in Cotober of that yeor, Solano, now completely restored to favor, suddenly appeared at - Jost on his wey to Nomteray with sn escort of hundreds of his warriors in gala costumes of feather-work, armed with lances, bows nd arrows, pad with full quivers, ell mounted on good horsess At Son José they were entortalned by the sathorities in obedience to a uote previously rocoivel t Ueneral, snd all went well. Practieslly the seme thing happened at Jontoerey. veneral Vallejo himself appeared a fow days after Jolene, but listesd of stepping et the govdnor's residence as i ususl he went To one of his own estates.. However, ho 41d mot fail to order the gquarteraeter to supply Solanc daily with the ausber of cattle | ~~ Foguired for his men. Soleno let 1% be kuown that his intentions were peaceful end all would be well if his troops did mot lack the necessi= ties of lifes He hirself bought snd paid for gifts for his family, end, A on the whole, his conduct was like that of any rancher in town on busi- : 1s iV, 45 £f«; ilversdo, Js Bey Historia de Sei fosmity i, on, 11l, 189; Pesulntand 08 in spite of his friendship pe : it would seen, cherished & fooling of —— agningt class, possibly because they 414 not trest bin with tho Tespest In ed hic dues In sny cose ho never lot go hy an ceoaslion to play $5 on strangers whose position was lowly enough for hin to dae to amse hime golf et their expense. One such wes the Yrenehman Custos, eftorverts & protégé of Sutter's, who come to Oonoms as en export ln the mening of beet suzer, bub proved So be absolutely liewserienced. To cover his ignorenge he he? stolen sore Gane sugary from the wardhouss and had boen caught. Solano was present when he was brought before Vellejo in his character of Judge, 55d was much srmsed Ty the vielenes of the gestures inspired by feer coupled with a French inheritances The penalty for stealing wes severe - hardly ever lems than fifty lashes - bul Solano unexpectedly urged pardon on the ground that Custot was not & thief but 8 professional clown, an such he continued to call hime The General apparently ylelded to hls theory, not caring to lavélve himself in the tangle that might result from the condemnation of a forelimer, and sav his decicion in favor of banishment. It wes finally sgrecd that Custot should be sent to Yerbs Buena om the next weekly lsunch. Solano cheonced to be in comand of this end it else chanced that the launch reached ite destination at the time of the obbing tide so thet they were obliged te wall for deeper water before landing. Solano sew in the enforved walt an orpartumtiy te amuse himself. Cherefore when they Gene to rest aboul : a thoussnd feet from the wharf, he remarked te Custot, "Here is where we stop.” "Stop", exclaimed Custot. Uoleno vepeated that they had | thelr destisation and ‘hat if Custot did not at once Jump into the water Vill, 73, 19. £10, 223, 23 ‘Mo soft mt cue wp 40 Kis Sons, and 18 ves vith Sh that he male his way to the Sore and Captain Rich mn fom Supeting Nous sf Wie Seepunt imostanso thet wild at wit Te sides Soles ployed hls pert in the entortalumsent of guests who came to Somos, ixprovieing ves dances and providing Indien fessts. One sud egoesiof wen the vielt of Ceptelu Hinckley and nn group of the ; residents of Celifornis. The dence, engineared by Selane on this 0 greatly impressed the puests who not only took pert themselves but were ready aver aftor to exempt the Sulswss from any charge of the laziness attributed to the rest of the Uslifornis Indimne. Indesd, the d 100 wos said to be simile to one popular in Cutelonis and O14 Oastile, eslied the gakalofia, in which the performers dressed in lndlan oostuies A air tor, called a heterce, with bleckened face, directed thelr roverents and pumighed sny disobedience by blows with a staff he held in hie hand. : The Suisuns' dence differed only in thet they hod four “2 ibid, IV, 101 - 102. Ge JIbldes 1V, 226 = 330. 5 (3 Veliejo, Us Gey Loguoento portunity ¢ to view the ov - a1 | too, the gueste wished to take part in the Genco, but it edvisable, as some of Whe soldiers viewed theircomander's £ lendly » Iations with the forelgners with disfavor, probably some of tae Bone which had previcusiy revolted ead tried to kill Solano beceusc he w aid not Join thom. he indians, as & matter of fuot, a prominont pest ln Commodore Jones’ visit ‘vem Soleno's eeptare of nis party because he was resh emough te attempt to emplore & portion of the sountry by himself, with the result that instead of being received with by full honors as planned, he hod boon captured in the hills of Hulchica by Solano snd Lieutenant Remfn Carville. “he former brought Jones wil nis officers in to the Sonems gusrdhouse at about midnight. Vallejo wo om moned by en orderly vho reported thet Solano hed brought lu a nunber of ie prisoners in foreign uniform. ‘he Generel woe considerably slaxmed, U ing thet the long-ezpectod inveslon wes about io saterislize. de dressed nestily, donned his best sword, and a oompenied by Ssbus Vorsfades asd View tor Peudon, made hls way to the guardhouigs “he situation wes soon wile elear, the gucsts were taken to tie usrters provided ok then. after ‘they hed been given a wolsome supper, and one oun well ilmsgine thot whatever | his prutonkatiing of digmay et thelr inconvenience, Uenersi Veileje wust have been secretly delishted to think thet foreign officers ho: so soon discovered it unsafe to wander st will on his fyontder. At seven the RaxiiL, 6, av, Se emir the insdequete aquigment of whist wae in Alta Celifornis. The next few days were filled with Jences and of & hunting rifle, te which Commodore Jones added a ten dollar se 3 plece. ke ma Ck at CO : flux of settlers inte the Fagion north of Sen Pronsicts turiag tho few yenrs of llexiocsn Wy did wach to ninimize thelr menage sod as potential laborers. The indiens of the Smcresente Vallejo. Ha Gey Lbide, LV, 342. bids, IV, 34%. Senoroft, He Hi, flitory of California, Ve 667, moto 3, second hove 1s no evidence thant this hed even o shadow of truth, but it w sufficiont to alesm the ‘soricen “equettors” and esuse the: to with Frfmont, sp ealing to him to pretect their seans to have believed the rumor of the tmrinent indian stteok tz 10, have found 1% » convenlent pretoxt. Frdwont wes willing to give Ble oid unofficially, as he did by Alscharging his men temporarily while the geniged an sbiadk upon o bead of Indians enomwped in & bund of the Sucre mento near tie foothills. The indians were defeated with groat 1088. ou Enoournged by thie suecess snd other fortunate ralds on Lndisn villeges, more or less the see group made the first open sbiask on the Californians ty teking from Licutenant irce a murder of horse 5 rs ously ost irmted us from a hundred and seventy {lorkin's report) to three ; hundred (VelleJo's vtotement)s “hese were in lerge part the property of the ex-neophytes, tut were at the tise under government requisitions l« Tor a swmwmry of these events, seo Dollenbsugh, Ye Su, Luemont €.L. pe B29 £7., and Sabin, Pe 08 ff., for a wore i date, but somowhot inscomrete accounts /lso larting T. 5, On the swe day the capture of Sonos wns 8 plo le 1 It 1s aigrioulc to explain the general silence about Solsmo end tho Suleuns during c11 this tine. Mad they, too, fled to the on ne teins? or did the time of yenr (June 14th) veguire them be be about fxm hele sngunl dwelling pleces in senza for pestursge for thelr 61 . To be sure, Uenerel Vallejo might Pather have besn excected to need pyo = teotion from Ualifowmiens offended by his pro-inericen statements than from & group of Anericsn scouts and settlers whom he hed befriend that he would have seen no occasion for summoning his faithful ellices Indeod, the suddenness end unex octednoss of the etteek found him abe | solutely unprepared. The garrison hed been,for the most part : after Governor -lcheltorema's srrivel aid Vnllejo's growing dlsce in his hopes of receiving any sssistance in his schemes for the PPoteom tion of the country from the goverameat, let alone his just compensation for his services. “he inactivity of the friendly Indians is porhapd the best argument for the charge thi the Ceneral was nat wawilling to he rendered unsble to take part in a series of events where hls desires snd his duty sonflicted. Solamo's protection of the Sehora de Vallejo is mentioned with gratitude, sc wo ay assume thet his fellure even to be present ln the rescue party, vhese aid wes valued wae Que satis | to cowordice nor indifferonces Ihat they were merely quiet onlookers during the vhole pericd seams t0 be borne out by the following ineldent. Shortly after the relesse of Uenoml rated report of the Wslle=@slls at- tack,which was said to be threatened, wen spresd about. Cpssages 1. Ueonersl Vellejo was rolessed om “ugust Bud ead his brother about & week laters i SE Cn the shite settlements, and garxying the omen and hildren off prisoners to Or Licutenant Jigroon, in command of Sonoma, to sathorize Sepals 8 Vallejo to organize & company of ss many Christian indians ss poses to serve ss scouts to discover the truth of the reports and the ny Bers of the hostile SAVAZeS. This was done, the Indians eppeering envuch snd no explanations being offered for their previous To he work vas performed satisfectourily and the report sade that there 1 vor only sbout three hundred Valla-Wellus, including the women who the party, acd that thelr intention was pescefal enough. The company wes then ordered disbanded = a few later served lu the California militia force - but Ceptaln Salvador's exrense account of fifteen thousend poses was oot allowed by the payussters Cenéral Vallejo ceonglidered the whole matter a hoax perpetrated by Sulvedor, José 4: Sentos Bevreyese, and two or throes other kindred spirits, for the purpose of ridiculing the Anerl- osn officers against whoo Salvador, at least, had a grudge for Lis Amprigon- mente Othersassion as the motive the more mercensry one of en sbtempt to recover some of the losses in the desvuosction of horses and cattle 1 during ie "lears" occupation. “he coming of the i-ervicans dd not entirely ond the General's sathority on the bewder, for he the power he hed held under “exlee unlil February of 1847 end was soon le Vellejo, ifs Ga, J ond the note, for furth.r references. 4dueon 84 OVION OF “ HE re is ox ott ovidon ld 28 malas medsd valuable eon easily be seen from the fuot thst his yosignation i a 8 A gepted when 1t woe tendered in 1848. oy during the first five yeers of hls control of the vordor, Wy fens object was to rake an unintermupted cunpalon sgainst the bribes of | that thrcatened our borders,for the purpose of destroying some ead on friends of others, with espceial attention to the chiefs, thst 1 night use their lebor in the work that it wes soon necessary te undoriaie, 4 “his gave we the yesults [| desired." Tis elder brother hes well 1. Vallejo to ‘earaecy, ‘pril 6, 1847,1a Shute Papers. Jlaslons g nization, iI, 4055 April 14, 1847, in Yellsjo, He Ga, bi%s & HM Vellejo, Je Ga dug i 3 Vallejo to tie governor of the departments April 16, 1646 (Vallejo, X11, 342) end Mason's veply » Abi, B46} in wich he acknowledres the receipt of Vellejo's "offer" uf tion but explains his neglect to answer hernuse he can find hd Babe stitube. row this letter it would seen thet teliejo abil ied to "make brieks without straw", for though arms sod powder were now avail able, wen te hold the bowler were nots ilide, 586 is proof tant the o ey saw 3% 98d Swow oid wi todel whet | other tribes, di: liked the he pretext of the ex-nissions, a8 weny of you as ead these lines will see brother had reeson snd vo spere ln eppeslng the int 1 sathorities who hed 1l'tls or no iuowledge of the situstion.” Ou Lopieln, the United tates oonsul and Valiejo's agent in a business transactions, adds this tridute, “his part of Cal the zost free from wbbery or ineubordinetion with the most life and property than say othor bee in Selitoiata®y a contrast for oleven y-a¥s to have made to Lie pleture of wighty-five white sen surrousded by eleven thousand Indian warriors of doubbful » friendliness. Figueren's sdministration was only a lull in the of the Califowniens with lexlosn rule. ¥ith hls death the began sgaine Just before his desth Figueroa hid arranged v Castro, os poalor veosl, should succeed him in the politiael Colonel “icolls Gutiérees in nis military duties. Catidrres 1 as tant to assure 8 control, but finally was persuaded to do oh wag not really genlox vogel sluce José Astoalo Carrille sd Josh ~ Eptudillo had been longer in office then he. Cam $1iv, Ho Yexico and Ugtudille had been excused from stiendance ot the meotl during the year on account of illness. Castro, therefore, held ne position until the first of the year, whon Le tronsforsed Ble & to Gusibrres, thus ending the brief experiment of having the polit ¢ and militery powers sevorsted. This was contrary to the Vexican proce tice for frontier provinees and an order of Jenuary 25, 15286 vas woe 3 es the reason for again dniting thems As far as the official show the transfer was cade pescefully enough, but there are sone hiss : / Ls Ba Alvarado, Je Sa, | oil saul cxaey odd Ge deult edd [lie Xoiut wld patbus Bul) 4 wba se bis wewmivosy tolderet 101 wold south 1u vhich She North would have supported Castro and he ¢ Thove were a nuwrber of resgons thet would tend to a | unseceptedble to the Californisns as a governor; he was a net so great a disadvantage in California ss in Yexico = and ¢ a Jes a Celifornien in oitizenshipg his militery training sede him — 11 and he was considered haughty. Une of his first acts was to publish a 8 ~ Vexigcen decmpee of the yea: before that made log Mngeles a oity and tie a8 9 tal of the t Fritory. However, since the people 6% the new aiy would not give the governhontal buildings rent yee, the metier was dropped for sone time, Leaving the people of Los Angeles as well as those of the rest : of Californias dlsplessed, The ususl problems of sasculerizsation, indian robbers, dissetisfeotlion with the Judiciel system, and, sbove all, an tom patience with Jexicen ransgement, orested some discontent, but on the vhole this period of four months developed no increase in the focling of unrest Higtéxices, pe 117; Bancroft, He Ha, note 47. Augelon, Xl, 43; Denaxbuents Jiggs sxchiven, vp. 69, Tig 7 Ly ‘ullejo, ts Gay do llgkorioe pre 3 = 18; Ustudlllo, Jef be, 4 x ani wl gelofied nia in April of 1006 ead ves toria’s, on aedount of Bis Sentpulist pall ‘sma machinery of government, though unimportant, tended te of & change in policy end the attempt to enforce the lows wes 8s unpopular with the native Californians es it was with the foreigners. Chico was cocused of almost every vies aud d é i quality snd vas granted no virtues by tho Celifornia writers. José de Jesus Villejo, one of the most moderate end least prejudiced of the g seid of him, "Governor (hige’s impetuous character contributed © making the situation worse, ae did sleo his failure to appreciate the of well-intentioned persons and, I was about to say, his little Ju oe : 1 rosenber heving Bussd Jaen Ba Alvarsde, Vsvid Spence, tateven tones | vos], snd other persons who hed official dealings with — 3 that he was a pexfest fool, and 1 do mot think those person occupied positions high in the scale, would have sdvenced such aa opinion : 1 Lo without heving the reoussary date to prov. it before so courts” Sedow Vallejo's brother and the others were mot so moderate. 'cllejo's ade : | ventures on his visit to Souterey have been told and he personally ha 1ittle to aomplals of in the treatrent he reeelved from Chico, who gene= relly grant.d hie requests oni wrote him oiffieisl notes of a friendly NL — Rise 1 bia aeosteq hegolSuosai-iior 18. p Isletas Dad ody gnostay zedie ben [eer ¢ 81 swony of adh YLAEaSDe: wd Suived sund Iv | it this tine 1t wes decided if mush longer She goup would start & revels . 2100, tary. A copy of their sgrowment wes sade for eath one anh a signed by slls 45 & sultshle conclusion to the evening they v gpead the remainder with José hatenio de is Guerra y Yoréags, the of rh Upon Chico's retusa fron hls visit vo the Sout 0 s series of srrests,which slammed the Californisns. ral snd Abel Stearns in particular were subjected to his this wes the peried of “exss’ secession It 1s hardly surprising the offieiel loyal to Yexico should look with Gisfover upon the e a system that had sively proved disastrous. Chico had his 41 and his guerrels with the misslonaries, which led to the seculer of Uante ines snd Jen Buensventurs, as has beon said. Ils 1. Bacoroft, Hl. He, note “0a Zs" Vallejo, Ya Ga, with the people of Fabeudn vn & trivial matter growing . 8 Popular opinion ven highs he gegidex wo su. Bstveday the sunll, gesiioon wes in sympathy with the became alamsed snd steyed clos-ly within his house guarded thought he sould trusts Ho sont So She South end to Sonoma, tance. Vallejo was having trouble with the ‘n’ims, Zhe ense of Dons lldefonse sod Castofare:. ie stranded os fo. fonga, a Lgtrade brought his prisoner (Be July 29, 1636. 4s Vallejo, es Ge, Dogureutes, ULI, 30 1/R. Colonel Gutifrres, o less popular weasure, sluce the Ce fovored & division of power. ig ehargod Gut iérres to suppress whe volt and geve him specific directions to follow in a number of 3 : oo. whlch he hed an interest. He galled the save day and did ne turns He loft some personal possessions which he was not able te » in but he wes amply repaid, for with CGutifrres’ aid he secured & lond o nides and tallow from San Gebriel and San Jumn Coplotrenc on the ways 5 111, 26 = 29 ¥XA11, 31g y pe 60; Sgn Diego Index, pe 31s IV, 119 ~ 120. Liide, 1¥, 118 = 119; Hayes, J», Doouconts, pe 663 ps 31a Ba Vallejo, ie Gay 111, 160 ff. tine of Chico's departure and 41d not ponds Sombosoy E6F SYOr s WIniD Ho appesys to have taken his prodeccscor’s instructions seriously snd attempted to cerry them out. Meo was more unpepuler then before though the charges against him sre vegue. Mevoinkion scans to have been in the airs Oublérres himself folt it end in a letter to his friend Sa- tudlllo he suys that he had swanoned “sble de la Portilis tn order to resign the coemnd Se him slueo he himself wes personally unpopuler snd was willing to do anything to sveid civil Ty The event thst brought all the criticism to & head was Uutidrres’ refusal to recognise the Jlyuisgid.'s authority in a matter of customs ghargoes and an attempt to dissolve 1% by force of arms. slvarsdo, the president, had teken o message to Gutifrrer snd was held by him for some hours until his supewior in the customs house, Don lagel Remfves, per- suaded the Governor to release him. “he giotedos were convinced that thelr lives were in danger snd fleds 1 secret session was held a few days later at Sam Juen Bautista. “he “plan” considered for the puroose of driving out onioo was rade mown to the oa who hed not shared in it. 4 hestod debate followed since Devid Spence and Lsteven lunyas, esutlons by nature and interests, who though not members were present, ware opposed to violent measures. Spence was In fever of petitioning the lexican government, but this wes laid on the table im favor of Ale varade's suggestion. Alverndo then departed for lonterey to consult Ramirez and Isaog 1. Hstudille, Js Ne, Jokes Histéricos. pos B7 -.68, 20 ~ 2l; Bancreft, He Hay _— od gg go (fornia, 111, 44%, note § quotes » long list of suthors and complaints. visited lest, ho to glance out Lato we 8 tain Hifios app with a squed of torey and his owrund had been reported to Yubdrees haw’ horse, an excellent one, was close at hands Oubting which it was tied, Alverado mounted and deshed off, pursued by from the soldiers’ guns, but neither hows nox riler was vented, : Alversdo continued to Sonoma. Juch at least is Velleje's ho aitale, Aivaria’s ta prectisslly the seme with & few mre and no Laportant additions excest that it wes the proposed inelus Yellejo in the scheme as military leader thet ceused Angel Ronfren hesitate, since he feared tho Somnar's relctionship So his a Bendinie ‘contemporsry aco unts of this effeir, the esrliest Leing an “the Honolulu Cagette of moye than a year later, the letter of ano This mentions a phase not consldered in either Vallejo's or accounts, nescly the responsibility of the foreigners for the uprising. Others agree with the article on this point although they discern as to . the foreigners. Joiit-lhounrs considercd foreigners fron he 331, 156 - 161; Ave 111, 116 - 154; Bancroft, He Hey fae ut, 462, vote J conteins & list of ‘lot de Yofres odds the lufometlon het tho visit of the wore directed by others tha Upanierds or Califommiens”, lu x iE vinelngs The exicmn sad Callfornien writers TARLSS on Ag is to be noted that the prominence of the forei ners wes an — by Los Angeles and the rest of the South for thelr refusel te join. ie Petit-Thouars, ie du, Jogos s fe lafond, Ges L, 268 = 300 Wilkos, Guy ia Vy 176 = 179, Sastalares, day 190 y lone 9 hes An intercsting phese of this question is the statement of several authors thet & lone ster flag played & part in the ceremony of taking possession of Jonterey. Bgnoreft states that lie Bim self had heard Alvarado admit that a lone star flag had been prepared and the guestion of raising it vy Serrano says thst it was sctually raised and that Castro trmmled the Jexican flag under dooh but this can hardly have been the case or there would have been morc Comsent. However, there 400s Seon to have been seme small mount of fire under so mach smoke. Pekenhem, writing the next year, thought that sone undere stending existed between California and Sonn,” dad at a later date Houston expressed the opinion that Temas could obtain Siete The French welibetinaation the lone star flag but imply that it signified a desire to set up an independent state, not, as Pakenham concluded fro this or sone other reeson, any intention of jolialng Texas. V¥ilkes calls it the 1. Bancroft, He He, History of Californias, 1il, 468, vhere he allo ap- pears to think that American influence was brought to bear in favor of sbsolute independence. 2« Serrano, F., Apuntss oer piss poe 27, 38 = 39. Se Smith, Justin, Annexation of Taxus, ppe 99 « 40, quotes Paienhan's let- ter Ho. 13, Feb. 14, 1857. | de 1hids. pe 99 « 100, Houston to “urphy, Yay 6, 1844. Gs Duflot de lofres, B., Sxplozs Yoyepg ote., ii, 994 Jie 06Ge, I, 300; Petit-Thouars, A., 3 wodtaotal was compte sso in “flag of Californie” and says that fear ut the last moment prevented its being ats Inocente Garcia, the standard besser, says that he pre- vented Captain Hinckley and other foreigners from ralsing the ew flag and ran up the lexican Sn Hobinson mentions the flag as a > and thls ls gulte possibly the truth, for the lesicen flag continued te fly over California though she called herself for some time the “free snd sovereign stats of Geka This question came up before Vallejo had consented %o shave in the revolution. Friends in the South expressed surprige that he should haves hed a share in any such attempt and nothing further is hoard of it after his assumption of the comvendancy general, though 1t might be urged that the matter was settled before his arrivsl on the scene of action. Zo return to events between Alvarade's flight snd the surrender of Jonterey: the trip te Jonome hed been most satisfactory, for promises of future cooperation and tengidble assistance for the moment came in from all sides. Vallejo, however, was not enthue S53 ¥Y, 178. Ze Gsvefs, 1., Heghg iigtéricos, pp. 50 - 57. Ge THobinson, Le, 8. 4o California, pe 177. ‘4 For a discussion of both pointe and & complete list of yeferences to Californis authors, see senoroft, He H., Hictory of Califoxais, 111, 462, note g aad 460 - 469, note Be Puthill, Pa, i a Pe 143 says thet the declaration of independence from Jexleo was & Cone dition of Grehem's ald. loa sisstio. Bancroft lays his caution So fear of losing his independen on the northern I though this may have played a part, it does ; not take lato consideration the diffieultlies of his position. lo was sn officer in the Jexicen amy, he did not object as strongly se the others to Gutidrres' military brusqueness, and he v recognised already that Californias had emough problems on her hands without adding civil war. Wo The yesogaitlon of his influence over others, 1f it actually was a8 great as Alvarado states it, and it must heave been great or the revolutionists would not have cared to use his nmse without potuionton, slg well have acted as a deterrents It was true thet he hed been ready to join in the revolt against Chloe, but In that case there had been stronger grounds for resistances To Alvarado ho made the excuse of Indien restlessness. le hed been om the way to an Indian dance at the time of Alvarade’s arrival, ead there ig ne reeson to doubt that the frostier still required close attention, ln fuet, the following poried during which he was so often absent was the period of the greatest ladian SER | Upon his returs to Monterey Alvarede wrote o confidential letter to Vallejo, which is quoted as one of the fow contemporary aceounts of the events of the seoxt few doys: Wiy dear uncle and friend: When 1 left you st Hapa, uy potrige tiem and my uwnususl position inspired 4m me a more ardent desire to act 1. Bancroft, Ha Hey History of 2a Cf. mote 1, pe 192 and the translation below. 111, 160 and passim. Je Vallejo, Ls Gey Sali Poun 193 for the welfare of ny coustzy. 1 was disappeinted at not having sec your company for the public benefit and I was greatly troubled. Iu the tow: of San Joed Gusdalupe I met Castro, Suelua, and Horiega, and wo sgredd to stert a revolts Te drow up & platform and with thirteen nen, we started for Monterey. There we learned the citizens’ enthuslesn for defending a Just csuse. 411 slong the road they aided us with weapons snd provided us with foods Finally we reached louterey with » hundred or more men. “his place wes fortified hy wore thas fifty men and they had shut themselves a in the fortress on the night of our arrival. We spent the night ia perpetrating a slight Sou ad in capturing the old fort and the hill by Linares’ house. Likewise the plazs was in the hands of the auxiliaries from the town and the men from the ships {with the exception of Federico Becher's)s We nrmed ourselves sufficiently snd ordered a parley, requiring Gutidrrez to surrender the fortress, secordingz to the directions contained in the message, and with the fortress, =11 the officers and Portilla whe hed already arrived with a mamber of the presidiary troops, ss Cutirres had ordered. After walting for en suswer we discharged a cannon whose ghot was so well aimed that it fell on the poreh of the genevel's house where the officers were assembled in the courtyard taliing. So great was thelr surprise that they hed net returned an hour later. Outidrres then answered snd sald that he refused and would mot yield. So grest was the displeasure of the division that everyone dismounted with the ine tentlon of stt:oking him, since we had a company of twenty-five shearpshooterss “hen the garrison saw those wovements, they urged us not to force an entrance, 1. hls wes the common one of merchisg their men back and forth to give the impression of greater numbers than they sotually hed. | ive begged us not to attacks In o few moments Gusibrros sent 8 1essege of fering to surrender provided we gave safe-conducts to highen and 43d net prevent thelr following him if they wished. We allowed the conditions and appeared in dgnterey in order end in excellent formation. The in- fentry marched to Senor Jusle's munic and the cavalry to its bugles Ta officers withdrew from the smaller plazas except the one who remained for the surrender of the fortresses "Ye named the exveditiocn "The Venguard of the Hffective Forces’, claiming that you were coming with the rear pusrd and the remainder and that you were the commander of the amy. Vg had to make use of this pretense becmuse in the mere expectation a muber of persons joined us, ready to dle for the cause. We sald that you were duleyed because your troops were on & Campaign and that you had told us to say that wo wewe to attack Sonteray. “The citizens are still expecting you, end with this as a start, so honorable an enterprise was sccomplished with sush glory thet it was praised by everyone except Gutidrrez himself and his officers, who, with the exception of Valle and Zamorano, heve been sent on board the Slomen~ Loe to day gn route to the Cape of Sam luces; and with them Herrera sud Don luis Castille, some seldiors,and the worst of the presidiary troops. "The enclosed act and proclamation show what the object of the revolution i8e Ye have sald that you aro the chief mover of this ale though your signature is not present. "The welfare of the country depends on your coming snd you ought not to sllow any sacrifice, however great, to interfere, since all awalt you eas the nan who 1s to oreate the prosperity of your country. There are no forces capable of making opposition in the Ey They sve walting onsao ot wn op ot Pe gages a a > oto v sqows une gs war dato bos Dm wits adds ne saa itn on 8 veione ot 10 | of Jamey xovowod wooi1ixoms win soils pre fos | 196 i for us to imitate ate Just today Buelna and Villas sturted for Santa Bape bara to lay there the foundstions of the new Culifornisn governtent, The Yodowalists will win in loxice and if fate ls kind we shall be raised to a free sad sovereign stato. "The officers sad (utibrvez sdmitted having committed foolish scte and vhen they son liberty shine forth In such splendor they bitterly mourned thelr fale. Sefer Gutiérees, adnitting that he hed been foolish, handsd me a letter before he exbarked, apologising and saying thet he deeply re:vetted leaving a country whore he had always expected to live with the Cslifornians. “This, dear uncle, is the menmer in which our expedition was menaged from the moment that we entered lonteray. "Hagards to the family. (Signed) Juan 3. Aivexodo™ On the reverse is written the cath of allegiances "lo you swex before God to keep and saie others keep the fundamental points of the Californian goverment, to fulfill them snd make others fulfill them? Yes, I will do se whether Uod rewsrde me or yebukes ne.” There is little to be added to this sogounts The remainder of the “army” beyond those brought from San José were the ranchers of the district about Jounterey. The governsent horses were sald oo have bem captured by Jesus Pico mand used by the “army”. José de Jesus Vallejo's rench in the Fejerve valley wae the headquarters for a time. The fort wes destroyed that it might not be used in ocuse Vexico wes sufficlently ls Alvarado to Vellejo, Yove ¥, 1886, in Vellejo, is U., Loguuentos, 111, 262+ This is included in Baneref$’s History of Californie, 111, 408, 459, 464, in translation in the text, but I have retransisted it and ut est R pin olettar of obavia ok «Trsonguat ul bebeisat al sid L808 mins ho amad 196 ‘3 angered to send a good-sized force. Yallelo sccupts Lue onion of ou 1 de This lobe ter makes olear Vallejo's reluotsnce to take part in the revolt, a reluo- tange which both his and Alveredo's memoirs conceal. lowevery the lotter was included in Vallsjo's own collostlon of his letters so Gist he cen Wt have been very unwilling to have his true stiitude kmown. It could had ly have been as matter of oversight since he obvicusly used hls letters in writing his history. ¥lading his countyymen really in earnest, he joimd the movement. Indesd, his friends hed left him little aliternstive. 4 letter from Castro of the same date as ilvarade's informed him of his v appointment as gomandente millitay of the “free and sovereign step of Cali- tones Bven after roceiving these letters Vallejo scens te have spat some time in preparations. lowever, he did not receive Castro's letter until over a week after the Capture of Monterey when he was at Carquines Straits. Ie answered from there, promising to start ai once on hls re- turn to Sonoma, although it was difficult for him to leave, us he expect- ed a number of Indian chiefs te make treaties end his “mere presence was i. Pico, Jesus, iggntgciminetos or gs en Ualifornis, pos 52 - 36; Garefs, I., Heghos Histéxices, pp. 80 = 66; Vallejo, ¥ Gu, Histor pla, II1, 161 = 172; Alversdo, J» B., Histor . 11, 202, 111, 136 = 1685 Vallejo, J. de J., Lominiscopciss, pps 122 - 123. [ 24 Gastro to Vallejo, Nov. 7, 1036, in Vallejo, Xs Gu, Documuentom, 111, Rode 197 often enough to avert unpleasant AA, This een hardly have been en exaggeration, especially if his name was 80 owerful with his country- nen, snd the event proved him to have been right in the case of the from- tier though the nabter was fortunately trivial, Soon after his depar- ture the mayordomo, Antonio Ortega, whom he hed left in charge, found pla- gurds nalled to the doors of the public bulldings, with these words, "Death to Ortega”. This was too much for his coursge and he started »t once vith hia femily and all his goods in am Vallejo to tendes hile ve- signation, “he same letter that brought this news brousht a list of the Indien chiefs who had arrived. It is interesting to uote that Solano was looked upon as the next in commend and took charge of the keys end the various industries of the oo in his memoirs Vallejo seys that he reached Vontervey on Hovimber 10th, but this is, of course, sn error since he did not lesve Sonome until after the 16th. At this tige he says he arrived with fifty cavalrymen although he milht have brought more, but in Jsn Jos he hed met Don Jumn Alvires who had alveady returned from lonterey and told him the details of the sucess. For this ressen he dismigpsed his militie troops, since absence from home meant a grest sacrifice to thom and left their families in dangers On the outskirts of Monterey he wet David Spence with the petrol, which had been made necessary dy the snti-lexican sentiment of vhich the Americans of Urshem's company were sald to be the priwe movers. le Vallejo, fe Gey Dogumento 2. Ibid., III, 266. iv, 42. Ea 198 in the “iy he wes greeted by shouts of "long live Sox ds, to Ge Vellejotr This he says wes & suxpiise to him - the title in Cestroe's hxeept for the date and the fect that letter was the position can not have been & great surprise, the account is proiebly not far from the facts. lt was November 29th before Lieutensat Vallejo Seok Shy walls of ulitpbinty val SEESR AE SPLICE. “earing that the step from lieutenant to comuender-in-chies might be considered souevbat ‘ long, the congress {the Dipukacidn's new name) voted hiz the pesltlen of v colonel of eavalsy on the smue day (probably before) he took the cath of WEES his took pluce on Decenbeor sth ae the promotion was aftere wards recognised by the “exiean govermment but Ly iE A reorganization of the mili tary forces wae one of the first lmproverests underteken. “he mals pro- 1s Vellejoy da Ge, Hiskoris de Sellfornia, III, 197 - 201. 4e Vallejo, Ms Ge, Doggies, 1, 13, Docs 11, 1836. The title is Se July 19, 1888, 1n jbide, I, 12. “he first prometion was to Quuiten ibid, 1, 15 is tho accompanying letter of notification, dated July 28. On Aug.6, 1532 he was appointed gorongl a (iBide, I, 14). This is addressed to tae 60 that title wes also offici- slly recognised. fie was later promoted to $gaionte~coroneld ¢ re on Vay 2, 1542 (1hdd., I, 16) end gozonel sotive de gaballg agnte, Cot. 9, 1846 (ibid... I, 18). 199 vvision was a sort of ——_—" ailivery system for v igh . mignkos were ragulred to provide 11st of sll men batween Fifteen aad fifty yoers of age. The governoy ves authorized to form an infantry compsny of whatever sharpshootors there wore present in tho country end pompenies of infantry for the several munieipalities, neming the persons roquired to serve. The governor wes to sppoint the officers through the rank of guptein, the gepiains,in their twrm, to sppoint thelr subordinates. The companies thus formed were te be orgeniued into & regiment whose ron ing offlear wes to be a colonel. There were alse to be 8 lieutenant - ®lo- nel, a gergeant mejor, sud a standard bearer. The efficiency of the ofw- ficers ~ay well be questioned, since the chief positions wore te be given to Alveyado snd Castro whe had had preetically no military satatag,’ In the absence of evidence it may bo supposed that the establishment of the militia was o concession to Vallejo's ideas respecting the necessity of adequate protection and the srpointment of the officers the price paid for the politiclans' cooperation, elthough the fect that the control of the militia remained in the hends of the governor might suggest thet it wes intended as © check on Vollejo's military supremsey. lowever, Vallejo sontrolled the supplying of arms and a snd many of the captains’ comnisslions were granted in his name. 1. Alvarsdo wes relieved of the necessity of sprointing himself to this position by an suthoriszation to the president of the Congress (Castro) to do 80. Cagtro, Jay Lograto Be gL iV and VI; also in Petit-Thonove, Youpge, IV, pps § = 9, footnotes. A French trans. lation lz incorporsted in the text. Ze Valislo, Ha Guy Losiuantog, iv, 46 ~ GBs ign, For about a month Castro, se president ssoldn, hed been ectlag 8 governor of the new state, but on December 7 en Kivarede was appointed gobegnador eEnado; plug ond his duties weve cored ul= iy sabitaels The foreign legion received pay for its cooperatin by the Te- duction of duties end tonnage rates and permission to a its coast ing trede on the granting of a lloense by the government. At the same er time provisions were wade for the formation of a constitutional ng Ve ip to thls tine all sotion hed been gonfinod to the North. Alvaredo in his confidential letter had mention= ed ponding Busine and Villa acuth to lay the foundations of the new governs went in Semte Berbare. Appsrently they had been working guietly, but of= fastively, one may Judge from the sequel. A bid wes now made for the favor of the Jouth by dividing the state lnte two cantons, each canton to be under the diroet contrel of a Jefe noiftice to be appointed by the governor from & 1lst of three candidates to be elected throug: Jolegates. The southern canton waz to have log Angeles for ite capital and was to include los Angeles, which was to be the nave of the whole division, Sante Borbars and San Diego. “he morthern csnton, Monterey, was to have its 1s Cestro, Ja, Doorotos, V, Doc. 7, 1606; Petit-Thouars, Joyaug, iV, © « 9; alas a translotion in Banoroft, H. He, Llgtory of Splifornip. 1X1, 478, note 26a 2. OCmstro, Ja, Dagretos, 1X, Dec. 9, 1936. Ge ibid. VII, Dec. 9, 18363 Fetit-Thousrs, Joupsgs iV, 16 - 19, notes. sand |¥ en Xm eupital at that place and was to include Sen Josd and Sen Francises / gether with the Lrontors dol noatR. ho dutles of these officers were curefully defined and provided for very close supervision of the GL sival OTE It was pesheps hoped also thet the the differoundes ln the luterestc of the phuguoigl snd the guribelo result In the hermony of the poriod when | fe controlled the South end Bemorsne the North with the adventoges of o central government, I$ wing, ab any rete, consistent with thelr federalist principles. But the South was mot to be 0; so eesily. foun 3600 von detente vd Hotide? ¢ va Sets Ther his heedguorters, there hed been a growing sectlonal jeslousy. This hed menifested ltself in ¥ivalzy over the control of tho Lipmbepifn, in & feeling of vasentment in the South becouse Argelic and Osstro had been recognized ss govermers,while Pico and Hstudille hed Boty and in quarrels over the eustoms. The South had seemed to gain 2 vietery in the official recognition of los Angeles as capital, but it had been & barren vietory, since the governor's sesid nce aud Lhe coves | offices hed never bosn tyensfurred from Monterey. Lo make rabters worse, Castillo Hegrete had stopped ia t:e South on his vay to sexice, hed given his agcount of the revolution, ridiouling the leaders, sud interpreting their mations 80 ag to foster the feeling of rivalry. - Jusn Bandini, one of the most Influential eitlsens of San Diego, was the biiter personal enemy of Angel Ramfves, whose participation, of COUrS0, seared biz opposition. | i Castro, Joy Dan SLOL s VILL, Docs 9, 18563 Petit-Thouars, Lousgg. ivy 12 « 1B, notes; Junprtoontal Ste San Jos8, 111, B08 Phe first news of the revolution wes brought by the Lsenlds which stopped at Senta Barbers sbout so weck after tho taking of Fgribores The news resghed les ingoles from there, snd was to the offect that Gut. 8rrex was & prisoner, the Jexicsn officials hed been benished, and, mach mors vital, that an armed force wes warching egainst los PIG a meeting of the syuksnlento wes eslled sad it voted to send Antomle Xarfs Oslo with a gomrlbtee to oe the advancing force and learn ite purposes Bam Diego followed muh the same course when 1% recelved thu news s0ve- whet laters ln both these places the fast Shat forelgaers were reported to be Jing a prominent part had some iluportance in ingreasing opposl- Mn Jno southern interests were naturally more closely bound to Lexie Go's. The San Dlego delegates, vusm Bandini and Siutiage Argtiello, had | reused ios Angeles on lovember 20th, sad joined in the neetings of that snd the next day, st which it ves voted to 80% up em opposition govern= ment and provisions were nade to set it ln mation at once. It was to he only a tamporary arrangesent since he most stesdfast loyally to Zexico wes proclaimed at every re San Diego openly sgreed to the plan, but matters were delayed by the revolt of tho troups who Saw an oxcellent ghanoe wo strike for both food and my The military forces ef the South Era iv, 187 = 200g LIE Ents dnsalon, 11, 66. Ze Uslo, Ae ls, Histories di pe 138, 136 = lids eg, 1V, 200 - 212; I, 306 - 108. go, pps 139 = 145, 147; Los Aogele = SOG also lacked a lesdor. Senta Serbass finally refuse $000 los Mngeles government aud Pavored instosd a central onvention to eet at Jente ines end act for the whole country. it had received Vallejo's, Castro's, and the Lipubeghfa's proclesstions by this tine snd imestielly tabled them, together with Sea Diego's offer of Py ie - Falldng in shis first attempt, los Angoies was ready with a new arrangement at the beginning of the new yosrs Lhe main provisions were that Los Angeles was to be the Gupital sad mwetlag-place of 8 regularly elected dloutanila, independence from Joxics was not to be seusidered, the , were %0 be ln control wabil the election whlch was to take place on Junuary 29th. San Diego again promptly Fy | Personal ambition began %o play its part in the South: Antonio Ys Oslo, the twos Cuxwilles, acd Jusn Bandinl vers willing fo aid fate in giving them positions of importance ‘ne loterssting fonture of their plotting is thet they, too, sxpested to have Vallejo as a purpose eumplineatery ss & tribute to his militery skill, bat hardly to his sincerity. Apparently thay were resdy to offer & higher posi=- tion, four the next parese reads, "and if the Solatur from 1t (the eomdanty gsenevell, we might give it to my uncle Caries 3 : (Carrillo J Hovever, Caries Carrillo hlmself wrote = few wees later 98, IV, 215 - 219, 8s poe 151 ~ 363; log Angeles Avchives y 1s 126 = 15% iv, 2 - ZiT Vii, B86. “he sentence is "Mal sabre- a 5 “a is Guerre, J+, JoQuuulos mug toser el lasgrunenio, gue 65 menos tenemos, si ne seceremos Vallejo commndunte general, y sl se divide ls pefeturs polftice (que | en senejentos Gases no use conviene) osrgerores con ells a mi tfo Carlos Lau as. Ne at od : te T0004 a r i . aha 0184 masons; al ebivis 63 48 | gdoueney pdnibcanns obolia¥ ws {soalvros pan om asso asdualecws so 5 | Vellejo's conucotion with 18, though ho hints thet he does not believe Io is sotuslly luvelved , and opresees the certaluty thet Valle Jo koew usothing of the loue ster flog. “bis information he night have se A3ed fyom Buclna acd Ville whom ho had seen. His closing Peserks show bls dislike for the prominence the American Ty = nan sk - “he naning of Ca Shilef position would seem to Indicate that one of the objections the south= ‘los Curpllle on the soutiem tieiet for the eruors had to the Monterey covermuent was the fact thet no ghaduciion were included lu the Lupowtsut places, for Carrillo hed seid that he dpm proved what had been done, but gave the impression that he, snd Yalieje in agrecwent with him, condidered tho ents Barbers suggestion desks Sebo hosing dish thet Sendinl end others hed seat to Sonora for ald, he ne ~ urged Vallejo to cows south with as large = force es posible, Pea ne. | thought all Yexicun regovres in Conors would be wept tor Tomas Pio Ploe agreed with Csic in net believing Vellejo had a shave in the ovosa- tion, bu: for the ressgon thal a place had not been seved for | 311s Jaen Sexdinl wae the chlef politiclen of Importance who offored = 1. Vallejo, i. Ga, DOCUNCHLOSs 2¢ Ihide, 131, 270, 296, 277, 276. > 3s Bafore Docember 25rd. 8 Ihid., 13%, 293. 8. Pio Pleo to Vallejo, Decs 5, 1626, in ibid., 11I, 878. i .. HL > 208 serious opposition, merely, ss far ss one can s$e¢, since he was & Poru= : vien and had ne pertieular loyalty to Mexico, because he thought thet Ra= mires wes co supporter of II Howoverm he persisted in hie course efter he had heard of ar discharge of Hamiresm and all lexiocen officials from the customs service with the eurious result that both were soon agunst i i Alwerado without becoming sny more friendly to each others in the meantime ilverede wes weking ready to go Bouthe. DSxtraovdinary powers wore granted him and as far as nogslble ho and Vallejo divided thelr control geographically; Velleje orderod the covmendants la the south to obey ani ssslst Alvarsdo in every way, acd ot the same time Alvayedo sssigned to Valiejo as meh of his oivil power in the Yorth as he was alos Shortly after, Vallsjo was called bach to Sonowa beceuse of the Jstiyomis and José Csstro was th: one left in charge in Monterey. Alvarado left at about the tive of the transfer, about Decexber 27th. Carlos Carrillo proved as good as bis word; he, Father Hereiso Durfn, and José de la Guerre y Forlege supported the new government untll Alvarado wrote that they were even more snthusiastie ¢ then the people of lonterey. 1. Castro, Jy, Decratog, 111, Dec. 4, 1536. III, 190 = 194; Vallejo, Ms Ga, 2 Salliornin, I11, 24) « 243. Romfrez wes sald to be plots ting with Pulisar dercnde againet them; Alversdo warned Vallejo and thought of arresting Tem’ros. 5 Cestro, Ju, Degxelom, X, Deo. 20, 1836; Petit-Thoucrs, Joyege, IV, 21. 4s Docs 17, 1085; Dee. 27, in Vallejo, 5. Gu, Dogumentor Bs 1kid., 115, 382, IV, 8; Zd., I ais T 3 / / : 1 1 { 1 a Jo alse was vequosted to do sos Alverado sent soversl mess ge hope of securing e ful victory, but at last with & force of about alghty men together with Graham's say, now wmudbering nearly & rity, ho merghed to Sen Bue 31% & atay of two dags he went to the : Calabasas ranch, stopplop one night et Cayeow 9a the wy, a ths Calas bases Feet io wot Oslo and Sepfiveds, who had tess sent fron 10: ingeles to ar:ange terms, on the oonditioms thet Lud uct bs claimed, stelus to be @ecided By the suprene government. In the interval los ingeles had got together a foros acd oven hed its is legion, a band gh the Contrelist party might be £ thirty or forty Ilzdiam hunters and horso-raiders. ord wag racelived thet troops were on the way Crom Sen Diege and the fewness of Alvarado's soldiers wag kuowm, but vhon be socopted the terms as in no wey In tent with the platform already published, noace was declared. Te moved on to tzke posession of Ham Formidae There was song more by-play of noble resistance fo the invader, but two or threo days later Alvereds en- tered los Asgeles with his soldiers without slightest resistance, as far os ig mown. / meeting of the pyrantanien 1. Vallajo, He Guy Le 3 BP PEIN GY 3 Pitre 37 - St, S44 - 4B Da Uslo, La Hep he LOT 2 12 { 2 s PDs 321 - 340. 3. don, 21, 189%. Cestro wes ordered to come on sous with roenforcunents snd apparently Toll hike RA ate lt ike iY hi Tp HS AR a AA mi t : * i 5 3 i ' 1 ¥ 3 3 I Pico snd intonio Ha Osie diseoursed ea Ge advantages of & native zuler sud Alvarado promised obsexvamce of the agreements daking some few provisions for establishing owder, Alvarede sats Castro at San Gabrdsl with a small gorrison sud started tor Seite Bdbat inthusiesm wes as high as before hore and it wes sonsidered sele to dismiss Graham's looters and the Jonterey pm | Vallejo had been busy in the North in ho meantime. hough oalied Yo Venous by the Satiyomi camspalgn, he had nevertheless kept in touch with the rest of the northern eanton and hed done his best te put it lu & state of defense. The olvie militia’ was organized os effectively as poauiide, two conpenies 2t Sen José de Alvarado, sud one ab Jan FranclEce, all of ther of elphity mon enoh, and one at Jonowe of thirty won, but nearly ac effective as the others from 7 i%s enthusiasm and the fact that it wee the culy ove of the four gomplete~ ly smed sad provided with mumnltions Selvedor Vellejo wes its cape tela. This foree the General kept ready to Ve moved to San Francisco id, the one company nnder Freucisce Senn chez fornlng the ordinary defense of San Preuclees. Jood do Jesus op Sonlersy ae necessity domonde Vallejo, the sdninistretor of San Josd, and Fredo Yess st Santa Clave 4 wore ordered to fers ss large e permeuent compeny as rossidle. Castro's ia be 113, 240 - 2603 Advarsdo, Je Bey E = 25%; Vallelo, IV, 243 « 282; Deosrtmented Si 11%, 475 ~ 505. 2+ Feb, By 1837. Te deperture south loft Monterey with ouly minotoen men wider José laulu Gstreds and 1t wes necessary to requisition fifteen men from the Sown of Sen José to voplace them although he hed Just twien Uhirty wen from there 10 sid the Sen José mission foree and Sante Clare with the cone dition of the froatler and the exeepticoslly hoavy rains permitted him to make the Srl vty Une of khe merchants du the harbor of donterey at the time of its capture hed been Federiev Yecher. He wes the only one of the cap- teins whe had not aided the revoluticnists with won and sms. His wadiot continued to be suspleious, from thelr point of view. Barly In Jesuary it becwne evident that he was preparizg to sell for Uexico. Since thers - wes nothing to prevent his return with Jexicern troops, Vellejo thought tdst to seize his two chips, the ;Quuer oud the Sabelins, and thelr cargoes and put them In charge of William Richardson, now gaptaln of the port of Sem Treneisco. The sbkpe: were worth sbout eleven thousend pesos, an amount not unacceptable at thistelse, Shortly afterverds he suggested uslag the ships as pleccs of intersment for some of the mos: obstinate of the southern a, Ss Vzllejlo, is ley Zogumente 160 - 16d; Dansebeantal Ve 43; Saoscroft, H. H., dg. 111, B03, note 40 for further referencos. ag, LV, 66. 1. ipid., 1V, 60, 82, 65 2. 1hid., IV, 87, 89. Se 1RIdss iV, G6, B87 , Adversdo's suswer proposing to send a statement to ie ico te arrive before Socher, lbid., IV, 21%. | 209 By the and of Feiruary Valiejo was able to assure the overnox % that the whole morthern canton Wes st pence sod there wes 20 possibility of its gottlng out of his contyel, in the sawe letter he congvatuloted h hin on the happy oubeome of his , but did not think It swr- prising in view of the Justice of thelr cause snd the » 1 ficlal ideas they hal set forth. At this time Valiejo was in lem to which he hbd gone, as he said, "to get in touch with events, to suppose or punish cortels individusls in Ben Jusm who ere trying to undermine the loyuliy of the tvoops and finelly, inepire confidence in the citizens that they are belng protected by the authorities.” The trio wes ontlis= factory. lafsel Gguhles, Vranolsce Fecheco, and Jusn Juintero were are rested and sent mowth for the offense mentioned, bub others wore found wot guilty or, on exvreseing shame for thelr conduct, were set tate : Antonlo Merfs Plo seems ite have been mixed up in this conspiregys Als 5 vurado nad written Vellede that he had persission to go to Hoss to aegoti »~ : ete a loan with whieh to orgenise militias Just a menth leter José de | Jesus Vallejo was ordered by hiz brother to go to the town of San José to arrest ico. “his called forth a protest from Juan Alvires, the alonlde who complained because a clilzen had been errested by force without cause and asserted the right of the gyuntenieale to receive notification at 1. Velloejo, Le Gag LE CRO TL {3 Ze Vabs 16, 1bids, IV, 64, Fev. 21, ibid, 1Y, 66, Peb. 16, ihid., XXNII, 8 210 leasts There wap unrest at Menterey itself, wore Angel taln Plgueros, anit a group of Lexicens were trying to ma ests of their sountry, with the rosult that the native Sulizurntens were for exeeutl gy them on the spot, but the Gemerel's proslametion of Pabru= ary %4%h apreared to bo sufflelent, probebly heceuse it declared Califor- nla independent of Uexlce only until the Centralist party lost power, thus refuting the argusents of the loyel Sion, The leaders were i : STROSNHE nd were Whe GUC) Sf Ben WE? WIA 6 REGEe Whe Iadiumk $6 Cope ture Vallejo on his return to Tonos. On tAls same visit to Jonterey tho property which Governor Chige ha! left 1: charge of Licutemsnt Malarfa wes confiscated and applied to the SOT ‘nother cause for anxiety at this tine was the presence of forelgnors with guestionable ervends, the lame, on Snglish ship with a 1i0ence to buy mest and tallow, dating from Governor Figueven's time, the Anmeriesn ship lorioks ostensibly exploring the const, and perties fron the "Uolusbien govermseat" to buy Gsttle. (uo Joaquin Young even offered to ghow the read back if given permission to buy cattle. Vellejo urged Alversdo to consider the situation seriously and to take mésgures to regulste this form of oncroachmont, st the same tine bldding the comuamdant at Jon Prancisee to be very Gereful abou! demmnding pass= iv, £3, 1i1, 3 #444 0 71, Ta, Tos 78. mis, 111, 262 = 290. oonsidered psolfied, thore was still some @lscontent. Vallejo had he 1y reschod Sonous vhon he received a letter from Alvarado a threstoned invesion of Celifowala by an ewpodition from Somova which wes sold $0 Include Upste Indians and Anerlomas snd to be under the oom mand of Jusm Joud Rober, Valiejo premise! to start ab 0ace with Tif wen from the frontier, awaiting further orders at Sunta Olava, but urge fag upon Alversde the necessity of lesving somes officer in the North to ingpive confidence, dizelsining, however, eny intestion of Lelug that 3 person. At the same time he orderedhis brother Joel dc Jesus to rs Sun Jook in charge of hls segond-in-comand and weed him with his as The save Sort of n nessege was sent to San Pramcisce, Santa Clare, ome torey and the town of Sem fosb. Selvador Vallejo, alrocdy sede commsnde: iv, 18, 76, 83. 1. Vallejo, ¥» O., Documentos. 2. He we ot Sante Clara,lareh 7th (ibid., IV, 78, 76) sud at Yorba Suens rr Yerch 14 (hide, 1%, 80}. 3. Vallejo to Alvarefo, Jnrch 27, 1837, hides IV, 88; Alyaredo te Vall Joy verch 17, idid., IV, 218, March 19, inid., IV, 219, 4. 1bid.. iv, 88. | 8+ 1bids, IV, 87. 88, 89. giz of Somers, a8 put in comand of the Ty These orders wore obeyed and the forces met at Senta Clara, but while they were there & letter came from Alvarsde ssnouncing that the rumor was false snd the country gots. Hot lomg after this Valle- Jo's own loyalty was called inte questions Very little is known sbout this particular charge, but it way have hed something to do with the ree lationship of some of the prisoners at Sonoma to Alvarado snd Castro. Yello does mention the faet that Castro was very foud of Captain Sls e= rose, a it way have been that the others were not able to keep the pace he set in instituting refornss [His militery strictness was already une popular, so much so that it was thought to shrosten the new government, for Alvarsdo wrote that the citlsens of San José sald that they were plenning to deprive him of the governorship bossude he was & relative of I However, this was in reply to a letier of ValleJo's IV, 17. he date was {ew .90,,1637, (Bw Abide, 1V, 90, 91, of Jarch 284 3« Jlbld., 1V, 92, 98; Alvarado's letter to Vallejo, Bareh 26, 1887, ibid, 1V, 224. | 4 Ibidss 1¥, 95; Alvarsdo's veply to Vallejo, iareh 21, 1857, ibid., iv, 821; Alvires to Vallejo, April 28, ibid., IV, 251. 8. Vallejo, ¥s Ge, Historie ds Californias, 111, 26 ££, gr ou Gudea dust doe eid mois wash ol £13 in which he complained of mot receiving suswers to his official notes. Alvarado was quite apologetic about the case of five Sonoms soldlers who come to him at Sante Berbara, complaining thet they did not pet enough to oat at UJonomas Alvarado transferred them to hls bodyguard and later to Castro. The apology seems to have been called forth dy the ataterent in Veliejo's letter that the people in genersl were not in sympathy with his =ilitary refoyms end folt that by appealing to slvaredo they could escape serving as soldiers. Some of the regular San Francisce troops had even been corrupted by the rumor that ilversdo plaxmed to do away with all permanent forces, depending only on the mie 1itis. Besides being a questioning of his suthority, whlch Vallejo sould 111 endure at any time, there 18 a fundamental difference of view point back of this disagreoment which lator led to more serious trouble between the two. Vellejo wes concerned with the future welfare of the country and saw the situation more =8 an interaational greatlong Adve~ redo was intesssted in pecifylng the country for the Sime boing and wes guite willing to let the future care for itself, Alvarado haf scarcely axrived in Y¥onterey whem he learned of the new revolt in the South under Bandini and Zamorsno, who styled himself "governor snd gomeral™s Castro was imediately sent back with sixty men, not all of them srmed. Worse still the news was brought by the newspapers that a large force was be= ing prepored by Hexleo for use against Galifornine Vallejo was notl- 1. Hey 1837, Vallejo, He Gey Logunento 2, iv, 56a first in polat of time, indicates previous correspendence on the same subject. All was excitement. Julvedor Vallejo wanted to go South with & compeny, Ville also. 4 conference was ordered to meet st Sen Imls Obispo, to which Vallejo was unged to hy His reply was galmer. He 41d not have much belief in tha tale of a Mexican force; 3 fied by letter. he would start for San luls as soon as Jalvador returned, but it was neccesary to have some trustworthy person on the northern frontier; he warned Alvarado that he suet not forget the towns of the North in his 3 ; excitement over the South. However, he ordered Prado less, S8aches, Alvires, and Josd do Jesus Vallejo to sake peady to march to lonkerey 4 at once. it would heve been well had the advice wbout the North beun hetter heeded. The Jexicans at the capital, particularly lamlres snd Pela, seized the opportunity te stage & sounter-yrovelt. The two had, doubtless, expected to vontrel ilverse do and his policy and were dlscppointed at thelr failure. They chose & time when Captain Villavicenolo had left for the Bouth and Jesus Pico, the second-in-ooumend, wes away from hls post. Cepteln Piguerce succeed- od in selsing the fort and arms with little trouble. However, Villa~ vicencleo had mot gone so far that he could not be recalled and Graham 8 offer:d his troops to sssist. A message wae sent to Vallejo. his le Alversdo to Vallejo, June 1, 1837, in Vallejo, 1s Gs, Dpoumes 2 Ihde, 1V, 242, 240. Zs ibide, 1V, 202. / 4. 1hid., IV, 263, 2B4 - 266, NIXLI, 91. bs Bancroft, He He, Higlkez 111, B20 - BRE; Vallejo, Hs Gey 218 was the first of July, Un the third Villsvicenclo reported to Valleje that he had recaptured $0 forty but that he must leave for the South again as soon as possibles But Vallejo had received the news of the enpture befere he #98 Shie raport and on the dy it wagfri tien Be han started for lonterey. 4% Jen Rafeel he heard of the recepture. He continued his Journey to Janta Clare, where ho arrested sever:l suspects including Ang-l Samfres. The leaders only were kept and given first in- to the gustody of José de Jesus Valloje, as such to preserve them {yom the vielence of the popilsce ss for sufe-kesping, but soon after they were sent to Somoms to be guarded until the political dlserders were at an ls Alysxedo Svoltuletes. Alvarsdo, in the meantime, hed met the enery and compromised. Captain Andrés Castillero wes with Bandini and Zemoveno and had coples of © e constitutional law of November 1836. Ale varsdo now agreed to take the oath of alleglence, thus rewognising lexlco's right to velifornia end incidentally forgetting that he was a Federalist and an advosstc of Californian independence. His position as governor wes sofe, however, because as Sonior yogal he would normally sot as gover- ; b nor until a regular sppolntuent could be meds. This act was in the ls Vallejo, is Us, Dogugnic Zs Sonoma, July 3, ibid., IV, 264; Petelume, July 3, ibid., 1V, 268. Fa Vallejo to Solvador, July 6, ibids, IV, 272. For other accounts, see Benoroft, He Hey Hish&rs af ug 111, 626, notes 10 snd 17, 4. Vallejo, is Gs, Doguuentos, IV, 268, v4, 276, 279, 274, 259, 29%. A 1listhf the captives at Sonoma, ibid., IV, 304, 307; the special onse of Cosme Pena, ibid., XEXII, 99. Ba Banoroft, Hae Ha ¥ Lib ; Gi 4 b Gf . ! 111, 626 - 58%, # 2 » #%1 bua as sates 4 «888 088 #578 «HI8 a 213 (55% WVi Lsiowgs pds (P00 (BE VI L.0ddd a sd mature of an abandon sila and ‘cmoyeme both wanted the position of Somandant a singe a friend in the position would be better than an ones Vullejo's reply was [2 public one, in which he discussed the Lnpeactioabliity of urged his aid to progure it for Josh du 1a Sugzmn y Howie rating the two commends, someviiat 7 a heaping uf coals of fixe" upon Alvarado, Whether it was WRT, He resigned his coleneley at the save tine, not caring to teke the oath of sg it must : have been conforting, even though futile, that the Sen Fransisco company, shen it received Alvarado's orders to take the cath of alleglance to the new constitution, seat in & protest in whieh they said they had sworn loyalty to federalism and would rather resign than at. aero is no record of Valiejo's or the northern soldlers' taking the cath, but _probebly it wes done quietly st a later date. Indeod, by one of the curious turns in Vsllejo's popularity & number of officers, including 2. Vallejo, ¥e Gs, Dogusentom, IV, 202, 265. 1. July 12, 1887, Ss Vallejo, a G., Carts 2, & collections - : idiot iv, 200, 201, 20% Bs) ides 1¥, 294, 306, 206, the latier the resignation. Ga 217 Alfére: Sslazar and Alvernde himself made stetements fovoring his retems tien in the cormendency gunersl. Even Fortllla theught that ill-health might keep hin from the IW, in the S—— the selection of & gom~ sje centinued to act. ga Sexille dppointod Governox. Before anything ould be dono there @'me the announcement thet Carles Csrrillo hed been appointed provisional governor of the Cslifornles mud thst General Intestrs hed been making realy to come with e thousand men when José intenic Cerrille persuaded the liexican govermment to save expense by appointing a native Californian i. “his was vegarded se » victory by the abageion, although Cerles Cerrillo had bee: on Mvarado’s side. ihe appointeent hed been nede before Alvaredo's capitulation was learned in Mexico and the situation was thus extremely difficult. Alvarado was everywhere recoy- nized as legal ruler of Cslifernla, that is, everywhere but in lexice, since Cestilloro hed not yet arrived with his report, Consequently Alvernde had pecoived no orders to transfer the command to his successor sud if he did go without the usual ord rs he prectically scknowledped himself a rebel. Thet the proper instructions would cone in time, Ale varcde apparently 41d not doubt, for he sade the necessary proclsvation 1. Vallejo, Ls Gay Ppopuento 2s Unnoreft, He H., Iigior gy Ab, 98 - 98; Hoping, Cs Ts, Zzsoslotions of EROES, IV, 166 ~ 166. oy Pon a 218 end gave the proper instructions to the gj Curios Carrillo had writien a very friendly and plesssat letter to Vallejo manouncing his election and another te vara There is ne reason to suppose that all might not have been well had friends of the tww not interfered. 4s it was the southern faction soon persusded Qarrille that Alvaredo's deley wos unnecessary acd a trick. He wrote s sharp letter to which Alvarade made a dignified reply, sgeln stating his position and reguesting an interview. A letter to Vallejo at the time shows thet he had made up his mind to jjelds ® bo expressed [vest indignation at Don Carles’ treatment of hime. By this time José Antonio Carrillo hed returned, He used his Influence with his brother to pre- vent the interviews 4 government bullding wes rented in los Angeles. Cerlos Sagetile took the oath of office on December 6th and a new civil Wer wes Oi. Santa Barbesa, which hed vefore so loyally followed Cerlos Carrille over to the side of Alyversdo and the Federalists now refused to recognize ot Vallejo tried to play the pesoemaker though he supported ilverade foithrully. He wrote to lon José Antonio that ‘lverade was unguestionndly right in waiting for orders from the government before handing over the cory that the threat of & thousand men from ilexico was foolish ol noe, in the first place, they would not have anything to cat {experience hod taaght him the difficulties of feeding soldiers in Cauliformis); that he would not a, X1,98; Sense Crus Avchives, 57. Ze Vallejo, Hea Gey Dogurantos, iv, 387,546, Se 1Dhide, IV, 2463; the answer ic copled with the original. de Abide, Iv, 881. Oi. Log Jnpeles Arc 6s ibld., 1V, 361. IV, 331 « 33B. HS ast ak 0k dation naw Sola sed a Bisavost 3 Xo dents 219 nesitate to support Alvaredo with ell his © ship would come with the proper orders before it wes x he whole letter is an appeal to Don José to use his influence for ao At the same time he wrote to Alvarsdo in much the same strain, telling him thet he thought itl necessery to awalt the supreme government's orders before resigning the command, but if the ship were not expected so : soon ne would be willing to maxeh against Los Angeles. leo expressed his | opinion that Don José Antonie was 1: the secret, which he had reasons for believingprue, trad California, particularly Northern California, would become a part of tho United Simtes by diplomatic nemns, since the exican government had offered it to lngland in payment of the national debt and the latter had yielded the first right to the goveranent at Washington. 2 Ton José intonic was, thevefors, probably trying to get & reke-off first. a Gals a he ER sh He thought also that the ovders,when they arrived,would net be to deliver the com afd to Von Carlos, but would Le a confimation of Alvarado's title. The letter to Jon Carles congratuleted him on his appolutment, but contained & fremk statement of the luconsistencies of Don Carles’ po- sition in firel helping Alvarado to power and then seeking to destroy hime He pointed out the cese with which war night be avoided and disclalmed for himself any desire for power in these words: "Far frow thinking of 1. Vallejo, is G., Loguueutos, 1V, 8567. 2¢ Abide, IV, 560. The phrase ls gagar slouns C036 OI 220 comuend, 1 desire to devote myself to thic frontier which gives such great . promises Without re the huge number of Indian tribes would soom bring ebout the ruin of the many femilies who came from Sem Francisco to this rogion under my Probar There can be no doubt of Vallejo's Interest in the northern re= glon, even though it was not entirely unselfish. Just before he losrned of Alvarede's sub:lssion to the Oentralist authorities, hé hed written hin a long letter urglng bie to transfor the customs house from Monterey to Sen Francisco as & mean: of increasing the revenues of tho stete, so that it would be rossible to provide adequately for its inhabiténtss He would also close the coast trade to foreigners as the only effective means of stopping smpgling. Sueh o suggestion was naturelly unpopular in the South where San Plege wanted to be the customs stale Little attention was pald to this well-moant advise Ly either side, in facet, the Carrllles 4id not answer the letters ut sll for sone time. “he same advice was repeated on other ocossions end the corres- pendence was continued, although it ions to 11t8le more than & repe- tition of the mrguments on both aides, The only thing to be noted is the fullness of Don José intonio’s replies, which is interesting in view of his later success. Vallejo corresponded with both sides but took no active part in the strugele, in reality another phase of the sectional quarrel between the two parts of Salifomise’ His brother Salvador 1. Vallejo, i. Geo Documentos, Ze Iuids, V, 30, 51. Zo Ibide, IV, 31, Sept. 10, 1827, incorrectly placed with the February documents. 4 hide, Vy 1 ~ 86 snd passing Bancvoft, He H,, History of Celifornia, 111, 545 - 567 Gx hd io FNL bis saw seiimed ; ¢ : did play a pert, sad o distinguished one, sceording to Al assured the General that his conduct had Leon sstisfsetory. With Alvare- do's success the ceptives were sent to Sonoma, where they arrived early in 2 June, of these prisoners was Don José lutonle Csrrillo and he uade good use of his detention. He was educated, eloguent, & near relative of the Sefiora de Vallejo, a plessant companion, and in the tine at his disposal conviiae ced Vallejo of tie justice of his brother's claims to the governorship and thet ultioately the position would have to be yielded, the sooncr the better for the country's good. The list was o slrong argument with Valle~ jo mlwags. it wes the oue he stressed most in She letters he wrote to Alvarado, Castro, aad Viliavigoumtioe Ee has been socused of betraying idlvarado at this time, but these letters show that beth in writing to Ale varadc snd to the others he made 1t clear thet the flnel decision rested with Alvarado; he merely offered advice. “is intention was to have the cession of the position appear to come from Alvarsdo’s own free will, Garpillic, however, did uot remain quiet on the subject, Vallejo's attitude was noised abroad ia the South sud Alverado’s cause injured by the rumors. The time chosen for the suggestion of yielding proved to be unfortunste and would have Leon regarded se oven more 80 had the i. Yallejo, Pa Gey Lee ns 2+ 1bidss V, 90, 91. Be Ibide, Vy 152 - 134, blotter copies, which are generally accurate. Vy 87. 222 advice been adopted. Since Vallejo's main object wes undoubtedly to give the country the sdvantages of peece, he was as well plessed as the others when the Satallgs errived from lexice with news from Castillero. He hed veen successful in having the terse of his agreement with Alvars=- do recognized by the supreme Soret. Alvarado had net answered Vallejo's letter, but his wveply after the arvivel of the Cateling does not indicate mny susploion of the other's loyalty to Slasits Valle~- Jo aparently felt that his action might heve created suspicion, 50 he resigned his corsand on the ples that his private interests and the colony useded his A Tyue to his concera for the welfare of the goune try, he could not resist the opportunity to urge an increase in the pro= gldial companies, advising at least one for every towm. José deo Jesus Vallejo nn that he had heard thet his brother wanted te give up his comand and that he hed put himself in & state of defense with m=e of his friends. He urged him not to resign since his duty to his fellows countrymen demanded his retaining it, especially im view of Salvador's report of Indian thievery throughout the Sy Heo official ametion 1. Vallejo, « Us Dpguuautos, V, 157, 144, 147; Virmend, Mexico, June 20, 1638, in ibid., V, 97, original, ibid., XRKI1, 142. Ze iblds, V, 177. Be Abide, REEIX, 161. Tho lotter is eddressed to Ss He and Seig ie used in the letter. 4 summary in Depezi da Vallejo, =n Gey TY ily sbi | oved sdglsf moddes aid Sars Siox X é ud Slavity sid 25H ably edd ue 23 was token on the matter, but the rumors ln the South contimuied until Usllajo thought i issue a proclamation dunying say connsctlon with Alvareds’s enemies, Sven before the publiestion of this preoclametion the had srrived in Santa Derbaps with Usstillero, comnissloner for the supreme government. lleporss were st once sent to Alvarade and Villeje, informing Vv them that thelr positions were confirmed end that the JSgliforgin hed 2 brought a supply of arse and ammunition. “astillers also brought a come “ mission us cspteln in the presidisl company of San Francisee for Vellsjo. His title of colonel, graated by the “confress®,was not rocognized, but ren sppeintnent as gomandsnute senegal "ia view of his distinguished sore vices” was 1soluded, and he must have been gratified still further by the orders to continue the auxiliery troops in the ON Alvarado, Soils Was to sel as governor ustil the appointment of a suo- 0eB8OT doth Alvarede und Vellejo received friendly personal letters from President Sustasente, one interesting passe of the latter's being ie Vallejo, Ile Gay Yooureniog, Y. 260, RE, 338, £49, 111i, 26% Zhe last is a blotter soupy, obviously out of pisce though undated. From J. de J. Talieje's letters (bids, V, 238, 209) the date must have been af= ter Hove 18, 1508 snd probebly not long after. The copy ls not guite cunplete. C2 Ibide¢ V,) 281, XII, 168, (Be ibids i, 12, 15; Soveranes, Cus ik ALLY 4s Teldejo, in Gey be Yd ues LO I Leng Gol bd habs Snare il, 109 - 110. tho hope thet he would be on the lookout assist tozoles valent’ Carlos Osrrillo was placated by the grent of Santa Hose island, snd the governor was charged to grest lend on the othey channel lslends to Pre vant occupation by Eoseiguette anislent Lard, Vallejo end Alvarado issued Songeayiatony proclamations and wrote snd reseived letters of congratue Sablon There wes gore little trouble in Sen Diego around Christus time, because of “aich Carles snd José Antonio Cerrillo and Plo and Andrés Pio wore sont Forth to Ssnte Bsrbars as Ey Vallejo had come fron Joncas to confer with Alverade snd (he prisoners were hended over to hiy for punishoant, whish in this case consisted of a short see trip in the ships then in the harbors Carlos Corrillo wus relsesed ou parole. José Antonio Carrillo, however, was imprisoned alone on the lgonideg, ® severity he att¥ibuted to fear on Vallejo's pert thet Le would disclese what beppened during hie imprisonment st ly ‘wes during this siay at Sante Borbars joss V, 166, XIZIL, 180. € . 11, 367; Joukere 11%, 22; Bemdini, Js, + Vs 246, 346, 248, 261, 286, 265, 264, 266, 5 21 - 88, 11, 136 ~- , Jegé, V, 44 - 46; Log An~ iVIll, 8; ix- 11, 13; Ga 4. Janoreft, He Ye, [ig 6s Vellejo, Ns Ge, Jogu i 25D thst Vallejo lesrned the lesson that it w.s impossible to exsct fomual militacy etiguette from his fellow-countrymen. Alvarado snd Castro ware themselves guilty of the grestest breaches of wilitary dignity, so puch 80 that on tho previous campaign they had shocked Salvador Vallejo who had felt obliged to use his sword on some of the members of Alvarade's 1 staff to secure geemly deporincnt. Castro, Indeed, was one of lhe many 2 officers srvested for refusing to oboy orders. successful, but sere Lumportant, wos the ahtempt Yo restore ths presidisl companies to thelr fommer state, hey were by Uils tlws precticslly mem= = existent oxoept the Jan Francisco compsay, losuted at Bonoms, aud paid by Vallejo's owa private resources. “his degedfation of the former force was in no way due to Vallejo's neglect, beceuse he hod on all octos~ {098 urged better means of defense both on the Califsmile governors aud on say sexigan officials he bad an opportunity to addresus | 4% this time ne urged upon Alvevedo either the reorganizatiom of the old presidisl cozpanies or, if thet were impossible, the establishment of a peruanent militia, seasupes wmede shuolutely necessary by the menage of the ladian ba dite end desirable ss » protection against foreign aggression. For this, money was essential sad there 1s —ore then a hint that if the of- ficers of the state were as patriotic as thoy might be, funds would be Sor tiesinie At the seme time, ‘silejo = pesled to the iinlster of Wax and de Vallejo, ide Ge, Joguuentos, V, 87. iid, 592 = 418; Alvarodo, Je Be, Hig~- jhe 111, 69; IV, 118 - 119. Corvesyondence with So 3 ie Guerve, Vallejo, is Ge, Lose to. Vi, 174 ~ 179. LE (a Se) Aides v, 3 Vi, 16 ¥epariuent A 5 Kis 1, 242, daa oi SE Pha eS as ACA be SBR a WE, Pl aA el 286 Yarine for money snd troops, expelining the necessity of reviving the positon of esdet so that suitable officers might be trained, pointing out the lmainence of foredgn encroachment from Rusela, the United States, and Great Britain on tho northern frontier. In returned he resolved “suthority” te reorganize the Ry A small smount of clothes end ersmmition hed come on tho Saliforala In letters written at about this time Vallejo painted a very biliek ploture of the condition of the country's defenses. Moording to him, what gong there were, were useless beceuse they were ant mounted, 4nd the only one that was, the one at San Frangisco,was in a position - so underlined by the tide that 1% was in great denger of falling inte _$he seas For the latter he suggested the change to Alestras lslend, oo e puch more suitable location for the fort. #ven if the guns were mounted there ware no soldlors trained to use them effectively. 4s for the presdidisl companies: not enly were they rracticelly non-existent with: the sxgepiion of the San Franclseo company at Sonoms, dut it wes reduced to a third of its former strengths Heen if it were possible te enlist the proper nurber of men, there were not enough officers to train or co mand them, yet there was the greatest need of trained com penieos to use against the Indians and for protection against the in- srvinbng nurber of foraigners. Ig 1s intergating that it wae the iussian seStamnusts that sppeared to be causing the greatest alarm st this tina. (Ta Vallejo, is Gs, ] Ainkes, Yl, 218 - 224; Superior Goveramen i, & - Ge 2« Vallejo, ¥» Gs, Duguu@ntos, XuV, 16. Se Abide, V1, R18, 220, 221, V1l,28 Sy {in Sh Ty At sbout this time Vallejo bve= gen to take active measures fox the founding of & settlement at Santa | Rose. Posts hed slresdy been located at Suisun end Joscol. Shortly after hls reports to the minister of war, he wrote to Alvarado that every day it becass more end more necessary to have a military post at Santa Rosa and that this would be easy to accomplish because the Indian tribe of thet region was friendly and ready fo works. He proposed also to estsblish a mission at the same time, Father Guijes having sald that be was willing to act ss ite missionary. “his letter project hed to be aban- doned because Bishop Usrefa Diege would not sssune the expense, but the willtery post was approved by Avaratos A month later Yajigje was try- ing to procure supplies from the missions for his enterprise. ptween Vellgio ond Alverado Vallejo bad returned to Sonoms in Jarch, snd with Alvespo in the Jorth and the country com~ paratively at peace he felt able to engage in the scheme to cettle Santa Hosa. “hough Alvarado showed nimpels friendly in this particular mate vor, there wes a growing discord between the two over much the same subjects a8 in the past. “he division of the military control was unfore tunate, especially since the Ueneral recognized no authority above his OWhe 1. Vellejo, =. Ge, logumentos, VII, 60; leparfment 266 (8). 2. Yallejo, is Os, Documentos, Vil, 66, 266 (second part); Ferndndes, J., pe 893 Vallejo, Be Guy Blotoria de iv, 62 - 70. Be Vallejo, Ms Ga, g. Vil, 67, 68, 89. RS 1 as adveldn 220 meeting with much success. Vellejo was unwilling to accept criminals and sotually refused some men Villavicencio had pecrulted in th. Souths in the fell he thought of waking use Of a lev passed by the suprese govern~ went earlier in the year permit: ing drafting. When spproashed om the subject Alvarado veplicd that he would take measures to cerry the order into effect as soon ms it was recelved, both notes differing srensly in their formal tone from the fyiendly official documents of the past. Davis gives sows ldeepf the popularity of the sot when it was put into prectice. fio describes ome of Vallejo's reoruiting ri thus: "A squad of ten soldiers, commanded by & sergeant, was sent out in 1838 by Ueneral Vallejo, fro Sonoma, for the purpose of pleking up the recruits from the ranchos. A young mem llving lu the vieinity of the general's headquarters getting informetion of the movement, and of the direction in which the sqoad wes golng, rode off post-heste to Supcol and across the Rational Fanch. As feg § as one horse tired ho lassoed another. Continuing on his course he resched the Straits of Carguines, where he abandoned horse and saddle, and was gquleily ferried across on & Lule bolga by the Indians. Teking his chances of lessolng one of Yeon Ygnsclo Jartinez' fine horses, rather a difficult fest, he rapidly pursued his Journey until he reached Sen Pablo. There he pave information of tie coming of the reeruiting squad to his friend Castro, then a boy of fifteen or sixteen yoars old, who immediately mounted s fleet horse and rode to the rancho of his neigh 1. Vallejo, Ye Gay dogumentos, vii, 45, 166, 167, 128. Ze Bile, VIII, 274. S« 1bid., VIL, 318. bor, Martines, cnd Informed his som of about the same age, that the con- ; seripting officer was coming. The two then rode off rapidly sou we) chenging horses vhen necessary, end stepprlag at the ranch houses aleng » the way for food and a little rest, until they reached the old Mission of Jan Juen Bautlste, which was loasted in a wide velley of reuarisble beauty, halfway from Castroville and Gilroy. At the lilssion they wore within a district undor command of Gnerel Jose Castro, vho wes & rels= tive of one of the boyg,snd could fedl at eases They vemained theve until they thought it safe to return howe." ; This last remark suggest an importent ground for the disagree~ | ment between tho muthorities. Both Alvarado and Castro lnterforyed with the General's orders, Undoubtedly by the turms of the decree thoy hed a right to do go insofar as it was o question of the militie only, but equally, by precedent, the General had controlled that branch of the porvice also, and, he claimed, had legal control as well since the coming of he Salifomniae The governor sppolnted and discharged officers at pleasure, among then Salvedor Vallejo from his post as commandant at Lononte Yolleje naturslly protested apninst this as a breach of mille tary etiquette and destructive of disciplines Ha urged Alvarade to gesse interfering In his oapacity of governor, since the army was outside ais competency, snd as colonel to show hls superior officer the proper vache In the quarrel Uslvadoy took the slide of his brother «nd roteined hie oaptalney, giving up his position of justice of peace at i. Tavis, We Hey Sizk 2. Vallajo, “= G., Dogunsnton 260 - 266. Jasesy o cow £1 sa wadonst a i a soiviva = 3 3 okt o pedaseodul seg pid qn : asriviy 3 a Lg 230 his brother's commends Andrés Ploo took tho other stand ed refused v/s Je over Sm Luis Rey as ordered by the Gonorade Pinsncial matters entered inte the quarrel, and as usual both dents of the various posts flooded Valle Jo with complainte of lack of food snd clothing for their men. Vallejo sides were blackened. The comma felt obliged to give Ue la Guerra an accounting of the ten thousand pesos 2 be had received on the Salifornls He pefused to send troops at Al- varado’s request, probably mot believing in the genulneness of the rumors of & now revolt and Sonora ex edition in the hy The return of the Splifornis with the appointment of Alvaredo as governor in his own right and a colonel's comuission for Vallejo did not restore SA Un the other hand, the two seemed to get farth r and farther apart. Castro had his share in the dlssession. Vallejo had ordered hiz to cove to Sonoms for a confersnte, but Castro we te thet it would be better for him to core Grae: José de Jesus Vallejo, the peacemaker of the family, failed in & personal stienpt to interview Alvarado and : 8. Gay ’ is Vallejo, LAER AARC 23 ; Vii, 183 - 186, 516. : Ze 1kide, Vil, 515, 314, 701,388, 306, 406, 140, V1, 144, 148, 147, VIiI, 22, 11, 69, 70, 88, 133, 137, 233, 282. 3s Ahide, VIII, 179; Vgngotments 4. Vallejo, ¥. Ge, Doguanto California, Sept. 16, 1539, Ge Vallejo, ie Gs, Documentos, VIii, 035, 36. vans st pnt wuokamenelh ot al wads ald Bask ovtoad Castro to dissuade the from conduct that threatened ore His opinion that Alvaredo wes eutirgly ander Castro's thumb mod that ell wis not yuite straight at Noaboreys Vallejo, lo spite of his Peputation for being domineering snd haughty, sppesrs te hav. done his vest te bring shout & reconeilistion, Jhertly after his fallure to oecure a conference with Castro he wrete to Alvarado, desiring to meet him at Santa Gite Alverado changed to be 111 at the time and his secretary, Jluene, mother of thoge hostile to Vallejo, was acting for hime “eo pefused ths inter view for himeclf on the ground that he wes handiug bask tie offige to a Alvarado, and stated that the governor had no right to leeve “onterey. this was the time of dolane’s visit to dontercy. Yimeno wes again actlag for Alvarado. An interview was finally arranged, but mede mabiers worse rather than betters Vallejo was thoroughly disgusted; he could secure no promise of reform in the governor's interference in mili- ‘tary affairs, and no attention was pald to his suggestions for economic lmprovere ts. With gloomy predictions of Usiiforala’s approaching ruin, he depart:d for Sotiite in a letter fro: there he had hinted thet he might go to Fexico to lay the situstlon before the Presidents Time ine grossed the desirebility of thiz ples in his sight, end finslly he made his intention of gelag publie, eslling for votes fro: his subordinates for his successor, thou: he wes entitled to make his appolutment by hizselfs However, st the lest moment he changed his »'nd and declded le Vallejo, iis Gey ET a GL Ss Ahide, Vill, 171s The governors had certainly honmoved thie rule in Vill, the byocch.move Tregasntly then they hed Kot ite 4. 1bid., VIII, 226, 41, 247, 295; Lashckogule 288, B70 | a Jos ha (ode rnd Ee 5 (E83 (B88 JRINY (BldL #b to send Uastelieds with o lotier to Prosidant Bustamante, requesting him culty in obtaining governmestal funds and a pesggegs for the Journey, but Cug- faficds had reached Sen Diego in December. The trip was uhsuccossful. President Sustemeate wrote that he would be glad 3 see Vallejo, but there for perzission tu retire among other thingse There was sone diff was no officer to Sake his place on the frontier. Any effect that his report might have bad, was minimized by o letier from Alvarado warning against hls mam He did obtain a few of the much needed mili~ tary supplies, Ty The trouble with Hartnell over the status of San iafeel and San Solano wes the next step in the yusrrel. This was continued by a disagreement with the guartewcaster, Abrege, over the division of the rovonues and developed into & b ghering over whether Valiejo was entitled to a gomandant d's pay or mot. Tho legality of his appa} of Ye la Guerre ond Sicherdson as port captains was called in questions S¢ Vallejo, Ye Ge, Joouzenios, 1. lbid., Vili, 330. & Libide, VIII, 584. Be Ahldey-TE, Ibe 4. Depsrtmental ig Vili, 296, 77, 506. As wd y 68 = 66, 1X, 316, 118. 6s Inds, IX, 6,14,31, 144, 170, 208, 215: Dg artmental State Pep Alvarado descended to sn oshibition of rether ehildish Feseatmest, yefus ing to @all on Val ejo when he visited Monterey, and went so far as to conveke en extra session of She Liputagidn for no apparent reason but to insinuate that Vallejo was in league with “certain men" who were plotiing agains: the authorities, sppointing a special commission of Jimeno and Santiago Argtielle to investigate the matter. Frow their report it is evident thet Vallejo had been accused of pluying polities snd using hie troops to that ond, of messing his soldiers at Sonoma te have them ready for a revolt, of raining the country by hls neplect and refusal te follow out ‘lvarede's orders, of sending Castafeds to Vexico for the purpose of displecing Alvarado and securing both types of comuand for himself. The Diputecidn granted the governor the authority to supply tie prefects with arams to egulp soldiers to protect the coker he only use that Alve- rade made of this pernlonion wa: to order Castro to form a company of S51 aries, for which he held back so @ of the supplies recently sent fron Zexico. Vallejo becsme thoroughly dise coursged at this time, slthough I do met think the gusrrel with Alvaradc was by sny means the sole cause. It unguestionmably contributed its share, more especially es it seemed to him that the country wes being puined, at a time when he reslized thet it should heve been exerting itself to resist foreign aggression if it did not intend to yields The lLumedidte couse, at least, was the revolt of a portion of his Indlan troops, who TY Vallsje, Ba Gag legunenies, 1%, 26, 78. 2. Legislative legords, 111, 6V = 74, 78 - 78. stiempted first to murder the osvalrymen and then, falling in that to Xi 1, Solano. At this time he wrote a most despondent letter to his older brother, which is quoted since it shows an attitude very #ifferent from that usually attifbuted to him, “ly honored brother: This eftermoon et four the Indiam you sent me handed we your letter of the 12the. By il I see wil has hap= pensd in your district, ead if iv wore not that 1 have lnown thas for a long time 1 should be horrified. Sut nothing surprises ne, sithough 1 a deeply peined te see the country given over to the first one that wants to take it. "Jy a spocisl messenger 1 sent yesterday you must know what heprensd here yesterdays ovetbhoenn £6 gets worse than it has been I shell go soon. Yesterday eleven ludisn capiamins wero shot. If seers that there ls some connection with the Indisns in the direction of Sacra mento, snd I am afraid thet the beaver hunters who were hanging around 6 few days ago were in communication with the foreigners who are plotting shout here. i shall never excuse those who are to blame for these mis- fortunes and those they sve hoping to make for use I ghoald truly like to die and if it were sol for the sight of «ee 1 should have shot wy- self. *Sinec my lateatlons heave always been upright as fer as the country is concerned, | heve tried in e thousand ways to overcome the &if- fionlties with the government of California, Jus: as you have seen, going up and down the seuntyy like an erreand-beoy, snd in the end 1 heave obtain- od nothing but trouble. + Hope what they say sbout the forelgmess is true, perhaps it will be & lesson to the Eoprmnant of the department to reform the politics bist 1% has used up to this time. it is herd to believe thet the country is satisfied with a government of civil employees amid 31 Sad notdliog ol that bring it nothing but evil. Without sufficient troops there is no safety for either life or property, if the countzy itself is safe. »imegine my present situation for yourself and you will see how hard It iss It would be much better mot to be in commend, because a general without soldiers, walkidg up and down, lo, without question, the most ridiculous role there 1s for a soldiers Thyestened on this side and on that, what can you expect me to do? 17 she foreigners take this roglomfens m8, the whole country is captured, because there is nothing that oan free ite If thoy teke the d1strict near you, the Goun= try is eaptured just the same, snd without troops or suppliss, what shall I dot "hat I een, no more. 1 have no other plan than I have stated, bogged, snd even fought for in my offolal Gspecity for the welfare of the Gountrys sess Finally we shall ses what happens and perhaps we shall soe soon, because If this is not decided come way or other, ! shell not give up, for it ls the same to dle hore or yondery the only thing is to die doing your duty se far as it 1s possible and as well as oirourstences will permits I wrote the seme thing to Bautista yomterdsy by a special magseonger, vhon I sent early yesterday. There are enough citizens here to defend the country, but since 1 do not commend eltizen auxiliaries I sm in the condition you see. There are fow people here in comparison, ae otcs,0t0. I admit that it is advisable for me to go to the froutdér, but the peeple who keep finding feult beesuse I do not make things right and say it is because iI do not want to, do not sea thet no ome will help me if it costs them a strowe I had sworn that 1 would leave here wntdl the supreme government snewered me, giving we & furlough or ordering ne sy genersl te my successor, because 1 can no longer endure the snnoysmces fro: the local government end 50 sss Yay the Lord use it for Hie glory and me, top, s¢ as not to cnuse evil. I repeat that perhaps 1 shall go soon, sad nesnwhile 1 an your af tionate brother, Ms G. Vallejo! : Vallejo complained to the minister of war that he « his orders respected within the department or by the foreigners and that thovefors he wished to resign. Just before the mail with this renewsl of his request was sent, word of a forvelgn plot against the country, per- haps the one hinted at 1a his letter, caused him bo make stlll snother urgent appeal for assistance in restoring the presidial CE Shortly after he wrote a halfway Gonolliatory refutation aiasbbe made against him iz reply to o letter of ‘lvarsdo’s which seoms to hove Deen on the seme vy Priende and relatives hed been working to bring about peace between the two. Thay 41d not sugosed, but a temporary truce was af= Py it was ghorsly after this that the chenge In Vellejo's charag~ ter, noted by lerkin, took place. lsedless to remark, Yexico seat no substantial ald in answer $0 his appeal and for: this tive his attenw tion was devoted to atiowpis to secure permission to retire to private life. 1s the Creham affel® of this year Vallejo hed little pert, not so much ss he would have liked, for,in his opinien , : 1t was & mistake asd he regretted not arriving in Monterey in time to vve= 1. Yallejo, Fa (eg Ligaments. : FV Ss ARxiiL, 66, 5% 2. Ipid., 1X, 128, 1%6. 3. Ibid, 1X, dl. Le Vallejo, de deo Jay Ey Stag) CTE LE s Po 146 ££. He evidently met with better success with Alvarado ther with hls brother. vent the deportation of the forelgmers. lie did not receive the nows of the affair until some time after it hed been discussed in the assembly and tho sentence passed. The arrest of all forelgners in the country wae ordered, except of those who he! merried Californisns or had sore re- cognized means of tivithosh Vallejo hod beon absent on the expedition agelnst the lachysimes Indians who hed cose to Soseel and on his return found Somome full of the American and English settlers of the neighbor- hood. They were completely armed snd intended to resist to the end. They had heard that Torre and fodrfgmes were arresting all Americans and had orders t6 kill all foreigners. Vallejo assured them that thoy would not be molested, since they were all well known and were not suspected : of eny conspiracy. Hg offersd them the fresdom of Sonoma and the pro= tection of Captain Salvador, even against Castro himself, while he went to Monterey to confer with the elvil authorities. Shey exoressed them gelves as satisfied if he would remsin thelr tants Vallejo was as good as his word ia hastening to lenterey. The situation rust have delighted hime He wes in a position to say to Alvara- do, "I told you se". le could take the attitude of defender of the Amerie csne snd intended to do we Later in his yeport to the minister of war he represented the affelir as a forelgm plot to capture San Francisce Bay as a stop towards teking the whole country, even using it cs an ezouse to yenow his plea for retirement from the conmendancs 1. Vallejo, ¥» %., Dogumentop, iV, 52; Lep 139 - 140. Gf. also, LELBEREET, bo 2. Vallejo, de Cs, Hidtor of mid bodagiioh ved «en soy Blot 1 Lob might the better guard the northern frontier. He did not srrive in time to prevent the ieparture of the foreigners, ae he sey in his memoirs 1 he intended to do, but ils arguments may have prevented the continuation o ef arrests of foreigners snd he at losst veaped the goud of having Cogm tro out of the vay for & a 1 Veliejo's fears of foreign emeroschmont were gives gubstence in this and the following yours by a mumber of j visits fron foreign ships other Shan trading vessels, to mention only 2 a few, Petit-Thouars, Wilkes, Duflot de lofrag, 3ir Oeoxge Simpson, the uagonpl luentary Farnham, and Commodore Jones' premature capture of lonte- rey. Surely no plsiner warning than the last gould hove been desired. Important alse was tho agrival of Jom Augustus Jutter in she sumer of 1859, for, with the growth and prosperity of Fort Sutter, Vallejo and Sonoms were no lomger supreme on the northern frontiers This wes ia part compensated by the doperture of the ‘usslsas two years later, but shortly =fterwards the Nudson Dey Compney spplied for and received pemmise sion to establish an office in Sen Francisco Bay. Fron 1841 on the overs land parties from the United States lept inoressings On the whole the - history of the time belongs rether to an account of forgelign relations. wig. Complete Juin of Ldliles : The peried wae one of comparative inactivity on the pert of the Cslifornians. “he nilie tary power continued ibs disintegration. Vallejo made still another attempt to evousethe lexicen nation to sending sid. Ono remark in a let~ tor of his to the effect thet the guvernant had sworn the destruction il. Vallejo, is Ge, Infor SEY of the military dg porty, polats at another possible cause of the disagreement between the two brenchos of the goverment, tho confiscation of the national raachess This seams the more plausible since the same group of letters recommends the yeorganizatlen of the presidiel companies, vcech with its own yeneh. finother recorvendation in the report wee the union of the civil and mild tery powers la the hands of one man aie A personal letter to Presi- dent Sustamente a few weeks later propossd the same dite gw Ggvernn The meye rumor was suffiedént te revive all the old suspicions that Vallejo was plotting to get the entire command for himself, or that he was willing to sacrifice himself for the sake of 5 : taking revenge oun the others. The Jexiecsn goverament took the recom= mendations lute consideration, though somewhat tariily, assuring Vellow jo of stienblon te his complaints snd requesting of Alvarsdo o stricter observesaasn’ the Ueneral's Ty On his return rox lexleo, Cmstro, who hed been imprisoned for sore time as a consequence of the "Grchan affair”, showed 8 dis= 1. Yullejo, ke Ge, Doguuunton, %, 4 = 8, 9 - 11. Fo Alife, Ay 46s a Dokerey Sxchivgh, Ts 6 = 73 Wilkes, C., Hepzative, V, 210 = 2113 ppe 416 = 4184 Vernfndes, Je, fs De 1093 Bervanc, Pe, do at 4s Eas dnl ods to samupasncs o we outs | 240 position towaris reconciliation, possibly at tho raguest of the exiosn ; poverite. He ond Wellede hol & condereuse ub Gum doth, #6 WEI n was decided thet Osstro should return to Mexico, t:ls tise as the or a lidwbeee, i vi of sadty of Azoiotns va She vp foen Tor liexice wes sarficient excuse for Alvarado to require Castro's presence in Californine Unie did not Geuse Vallejo te change his plans, as wis probably hoped. He hed plamned to send his secretory, Yigte? Prufion, aral’'s - | with Castro. fie now made arrangements to send Pruion &long. Prudon's instructions merely swierized Vellejo's previyus Si Shen Pruden Spay in Bgptereys Alvarado offered & nwiber of axouses to delay wy He finally consented to hie departure, but sent two comsissioners of his own with hlm, Ysusel Casteficres snd Francisee vate 20 make a long story sk régriminations and counter~-char;os short, the three agents returned the next suwrer with a nusber of milie tary commissions and 8 new governor who was to coublug both phuses of the power in his own poYson. 3. Yailejo, Ka {hay Loam bo ls Ry 301, 315. 2. Hove. 9%: to 18th, 1bhide, 3, 349, 285, 500. 5 Ibifle. XX, 775, 306. 4s 13ld., %, 584, 393, 389, XIV, 20; Departoentsl State Papers Ge Velliejo, hn 1 a Eerie Oo 6s Truden considered their actions the evidence of & definite plot deo provent his departure. Jhids, £3, 11,13, 16, 16, 7; igs IV, 269 ~ 266. Alvarado, J Se, His IV, 195 = 205, practicelly admits the truth of these statements. Iv wo 318 to ivecciselasos * “ith Governor Nigheltorena's ervival which he was prevailed upon to take in spite of his plans te retire to 1 Yexico, gave him nearly as sboolute control of the northern frontier as bveflere, the problem had begome almost entirely one reiating to tho coming of the foreigners, which is a subject for individual treaiment. — nig, il, 281 - 288. a 1. Vallejo, He Gay 18 Oh # iia i x . Ml bi 4 did fs iv, 296 £1. BIBLIOGRAFHY JHUSCRIPY MATERIAL 3 (arranged in order of importance) Vellejo, “ariano Guadalupe, jg gift to the Sanmoroft Library ian 1674. This lmgortent collection is arranged chireonvlogically under three main divisions; the first, U.neral Vallejo's personal pepers, tie sort any public mn would naturelly collect, his own letters end letters from other persons with such printed proclamations, tea, as would naturally be ilaciuded; the second, papers of a more busi ness tyre, ascounts, soldiers’ rolls, copies of licences granted to : hunters, elG.; and third, letters coliected from frisude st a later date, mo¥e apt to contein Vellejo's actual letters, wilch in many cases are identicsl witha the bletter cuples of the first section. Volume 1 , besides the papers for the sarlier years, cunteing some of the more important documents for the eniize tle, such as cum= | migsiong Yo various renks mud sppolaiments to Alfferent olfices. blotter copies, the predecessor of carbon Goples Svublulng, however, the advantages of making a rough draft, form a large part of the whole eoliection. Zhe portions orossed out are often interesting sad lmpovtent ss showing the fivet resction to events. These are found to be very ascurnte when Cu pared wit: the letlers sent, & thing it is often possible to do. The writing on these is not of the best and probably for thet reason many of them have boen neglected by Saneweft, who made a very complete use of the majority of the : AVEL al may ad Vrovenat odd a7 #3by o Dewars ai soddvellon snafvogel zidl ann SLi te 3208 add at 248 documents in this collestion. Tne volume of the p greatly for the different years, the first and lost years of the General's life being grouped several years to & volume, while the year of 1689, for example, requires three volumes. Vallejo, ‘arisno Guadalupe, Histox exdos | SORE 8 da 1a A) , 6 vols, San Franoiseo, 16785. These five volumes, the last wabound, gre reslly Uemsral Valle~ Jo's memolire through the period of the Sear ¥lag rovolt, with which they end abruptly. The first contains & surmery of the previous history of California which 1s mot especially veluable except where it pepresents tradition as handed down by the Ueneral's father whe ; wes presest at thé founding of Sen Frenciseo end lived in northern Californie from that times They present an interesting, vivid and entertaining scocount of covents in Uslifornia ss the Ueneral Knew them. “hile they are subject to the feulés of sll memoirs, an &t- tempt was obviously made to cheek them with the documents of the orevious collection. Vallejo, ~ariane Cusdalupe, Jorresnondong 1 vols A cole leciion of couples of some of the Host important letters written by Vallejo or writien to him. In moat cesses tie originals eve resdily svallsble in other collections, but in some copes this volume proves valuable. aig: a luwge eollection of documents, the originals formerly preserved in the United States Jurveyor-Uaneral's office in Jan TPranciseo, now available only In the gopies and extracts in the Barcoroft Library, divided iamto the following groups: eg0ids, 14 volss hee = re o wT & add 5 3 volse LILI - LEXKVIL, 8 vols. » Ls © voloe, 6 vols, The titles indicate in & general way the type of document to be found within the cellection, although the inter retation is often rather liberal. They are mot arranged ia sn abselutely chronvlio= gleal ovder even within topics, 80 are harder to use than the Valle- Jo sellectlion. Vith these ln & different grou ing should be in= gludled the following: 2 voles, especially volslil, 60, © volse, & eGullection of church docurants a2 its $itle suppests. Parks IV, port I1 through to the end, volume ¥, pert 11, is the portlen that concerns this period. 2 volse, 08lsc a golloction of Ghurch documents. os Be ied odd bebuls iol fe 12 Nar ay Bs 16 vols., & coliestion of official papers. Za, 11 vols. a calender of the San Diego paperss » 0 vela., GOpies sud extrects only. aise 5 collection of all printed docvuwsents published before 1848, goncrally sveilsble in the other collections, Governor Alverado. Though scuevwhet inclined to amgeerste and make the best of hls own side of the astoly, this slsv is & valusble sgoount because Alverado was lu o positicn to know many of the de- tails of California's history that were nol common property. It ig very interestingly told. ] Vallejo, José de Pa Heulnacencine Histérig: a brief wut impertisl secount. This review, it is hardly sn sutobiogre- why, was not used by Jacereft as much sa 1% deserves, for, though ite suthor naturally sympethiszed with hls relatives, his greater naber of years and hig slight withdrawsl from the center of ao- tivities gove him a hotter persnsctive. | Faménden, Capitan Josl, Cg “ with certain suthorized corrections by id. Us. Vallejo. 4 brdef but interesting account, with considersble cuphasis ou the foreign problems ~~ Hartnell, TI Be Poy Bi 16 add. 1840, important for the condition of the missions during those two years and for the secount of the disegrecwent with Vallejo. Laying, Thomes Ow, Qifigled. SoXrsguondens ded | * L. Seyy Scent, 1844 ~ 1848, Z vols. bound in ones & very important estimate of Californian conditions by an cutslder. Pifia, Joaguin, Cabo de Awtillerfa, Disxio de The velure in the Zancroft Library is & copy of the original which ls in the Huntington collection. It is valusble ss & contemporary aesount of ValleJo's cemipaign. Gfachez, José, together with 30 dotumsnts relating to the authors Bandini, Juan, Hisk iatorenting for events in the Oouth, but apt to be prejudiced and highly colored. : / bejorges, Juan, Legaerd the dictated remoirs of & soldler on the Sonoma frontier, hostile to the Vallejos. Carrillo, José, Locum ent importent for the "Garlist Revolt”. Cooper, Johm Bs Re, Log OF bu Gorenel, Antonio Franclsco, [gs tion te the Somome colony. Bstudille, José Yard point of view. Garels, Ihecaente, sR On tablishment of Alvaredo's govern ont. (8mew, Viente ¥., care with Jdoveynoy licheltorsna »ul hss a wesl uccenplimentary ia. opinion of Celifornia. Guerra y Soriege, José de lo, loGLmenios DGTE ? vole. Thee. wre es ccially importent for events ei Usats Dap bara. Hayes, Benjamin, Liss Bayes lenjumin, Jogurmasts fog ly with the misshonss etc., Sun José, 1877, the recollec- tlong o/ one who too part Ia the Hijer and Peipés colony as & boy. California Historical Survey Commission, 1876. Though Lm for other events, the suthor case with the Mfjer and Padrés colony sad wrote fully concerning it. ¥ Jubres, Upyeteno, kotas Flag revolis Ogio, Antonie Jarfs, Lis en eecount which contains Information mot in other scecunis, bul of questionsblc suthentieitye : a. ; ; three interesting id volumes in their original bindiuge for the births, desths, sad marriages of the noophyles. 3866, 1874. Valle, lgneclo del, ig snother military Ben's accounts A Vallejo, Salvador, Notas Histdricas, of doubtful trustworthiness. PRINTED LATERIAL 3 {alphabetically arvenged) Adams, Hphraism Douglas, ig 1846, Baltimore, 1910. Baneroft, Hubert Howe, [ligtory ¢ San Francisco, 1506, es- pecially vols. 111, IV, and Y. This is by far the most cosplete socount of Califernisn history during the Mexican pericd. it has used very thoroughly the manuseri t material noted above. fenoroft, Hubert Hove, lative Hsces of § volg., San Francisco, 1582, especially vol. 1. Berreti, Se Bay Tne fp Waikals in Universliy Vi, pe 7 £1, Fab. 1908. Besshay, Ceptain ¥. V., lag Stxalt, estos, 2 vols., london, 1851. © Binkley, William C., Zhe Bxpans Berkeley, 1928. Saliforniac, Yexico, 1846. ; Though a printed collection, this belongs with the previous group in type. ihe documents are ime 261 portant as sve the conclusions drawn from thems Castro, José, Docretos de le Ploutecidn erizide en Song gente, Hksewes 1 - 10, Yonterey, 1636, These arc included in the Lg ting colloction and alse in type belong with the previous group. Zhey are the source for the reforms made by Alvarsdo's government during its first months. Chapman, Cherles H., History Berkeley, 1921. Davis, William Heath, Sixty , ; ge Sen Francisco, /557. This is the printed edition of a menusoript, called Glimpses of the Past, which is in tie Bancroft collegtion. Durlet de “ofras, Lugene, Zl 2 vols. and mn atlos, Faris, 1844. Twinelle, John V., Zhe Colonies 3rd of., Sen Francisco, 1866. Engelhardt, Pre Zephyrin, Gk 2 Sen Francisco, 1911 -~ 1918. / Plguercs, José, .g a8 s Monterey, 1656. This elso is source metorial and is quoted almost in full in Vallejo's history. od. by Sdwerd Herstadt, 19228, "the original kod records orders, and correspondence escewbled by Lt. Ddwe Me Fern at Sutter's Tort while he was in commend during the bear Flag revolt.” ynofdn ws Bue nioy 8 / A ent, John, LAE Varegozy, Tom, LiBsory oo Sonos Goun ile MELALOLY gketghes, ote., los Angeles, 1911. Hertmen, isssc,and others, O States, Jun Francisco, 1850. Hittell, Theodore He, Jig paxt to Bencyoft, the most im ortant sccount of the period. Honolulu (Sendwich Islands) Jagzette, December 2, 1857. ngs, no place or date. in Universliy 11, pe 81 ££. Lafond, Capitaine Gs, 3g Paris, 18435, Petit~Thonars, Abel du, X 6 vols, Paris, 1841. Priestley, Herbert l., Hi Zeeves, Jesse D., 00K 4 { nevinson, Alfred, Life ia Califerais du gooxa, Yew Yoyk, 1846, also a recent edltion, Jan Francisco, 1125 Vallejo's opinion of this book is that it is very prejudiced and insconrate. Sabin, Sdwin L., Chicago, 1914. Simpson, Sir George, Hazmat London, 1847. Smith, Justin H., Zhe Annexation of Thompson, Sobert A830 = 1842, 5 vols, Yhiladelphisa, i844, ~ + RETURNTO: CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT : 198 Main Stacks LOAN PERIOD 1 Home Use ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS. Renewals and Recharges may be made 4 days prior to the due date. Books may be renewed by calling 642-3405. DUE AS STAMPED BELOW. SENT ON ILL VAY 1 6 2005 C. BERKELEY JUL 3 0 2008 DEC § 7 201 FORM NO. DD6 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 50M 4-04 Berkeley, California 94720-6000 | GENERAL LIBRARY - U.C. BERKELEY LL BODD?L?24b Ip 4 {13% OY AR SEM TY (4 RN it BERT PRY 6 SY : i i: 4 ARs Od SR BERR MLAS WIR {A i f el HAN 11] Ha a Eh HH Ly TARY [EB [BR i 1 0 an 3) 2) 3 BR SAY [¢ 1} (SHI ; EAA HAE HERAT RRA [ t RAI tye | (SUT RS erty A IMT NS EARN HAE AN! QIAN